Volume: XIV Part I Section: 2 Chapter: 6 Page No:
49
Chapter 6: Community Development Block Kalpa 1. Data TABLE NO:10
HORTICULTURE CROPS
Almond Apple Apricot/ Chuli Chilgoza Grapes Pears Walnut
AREA
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED)
IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE
MEAN FYM
MEAN YIELD
20 355.5
LOCAL % 100 36.11
IMPROVED % 0 63.89
IRRIGATED % 100 66.67
UNIRRIGATED % 0 33.33
0 29.69
0 18.79
16.5 9.5 3.5 18.5 0.5
100 100 100 100 100
0 0 0 0 0
100 75 100 80 100
0 25 0 20 0
0 0 1.12 0.3 0
0.67 0.42 0.86 1.3 0
MEAN SALE
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
PESTICIDES
SOURCE OF PLANT MATERIAL
0 22.22
LOCAL % 100 86.11
GOVT. % 0 13.89
NO % 0 0
100 100 50 80 100
100 100 100 100 100
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
YES%
NO%
YES%
NO%
0 16669.58
0 44.44
100 55.56
100 77.78
4680 15789.47 4571.43 1117.65 3040
0 0 25 0 0
100 100 75 100 100
0 0 50 20 0
AVAILABILI TY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES NO % % 100 0 50 50 100 100 100 100 0
0 0 0 0 100
TABLE NO:11 AGRICULTURE CROPS
Barley Fafra Kadu Maize Mustard Ogla Paddy Potato Rajmash Tulsi Wheat
AREA
65 25.5 4 43 1 21 2 35 57 3 29
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL% IMPROVED%
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE IRRIGATED% UNIRRIGATED%
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
75 72.22 33.33 72 100 73.33 100 81.82 69.7 50 73.33
25 27.78 66.67 28 0 26.67 0 18.18 30.3 50 26.67
MEAN FYM
MEAN YIELD
7.57 4.08 5 5.24 5 3.27 10 5.09 5.17 7.5 6.37
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
1.86 1.4 0.5 1.54 0.3 1.19 1 2.05 0.66 0.47 1.47
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES% NO%
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES% NO%
60.71 44.44 100 68 100 40 100 40.91 63.64 100 66.67
39.29 55.56 0 32 0 60 0 59.09 36.36 0 33.33
Volume: XIV Part I Section: 2 Chapter: 6 Page No:
50
TABLE NO:12 VEGETABLE CROPS
AREA
Brinjal Cabbage Capsicum Cauliflower Chilli French Beans Garlic Peas Tomato
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL% IMPROVED%
5.4 10.55 4.65 7.05 0.55 8.1 0.3 43.1 2.4
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE IRRIGATED% UNIRRIGATED%
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
71 87 75 85 100 100 100 82 100
28.57 13.04 25 15 0 0 0 17.86 0
MEAN FYM
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES% NO%
MEAN YIELD
1.38 1.55 1.13 0.89 0.8 2.25 1.2 5.88 1.4
0.37 0.66 0.43 0.43 0 1.36 0 2.55 0
7.14 34.78 16.67 45 33.33 50 100 32.14 100
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES% NO%
92.86 65.22 83.33 55 66.67 50 0 67.86 0
92.86 73.91 66.67 65 100 50 100 75 40
7.14 26.09 33.33 35 0 50 0 25 60
TABLE NO:13 LIVES STOCKS
Bullocks Cows Donkeys / Mules Goat Heifers Sheep Yaki/ Churu
NO OF LIVES
HEALTH CARE
NATURAL/AI SERVICE BOTH AI% NO% %
BREED LOC IMPRO AL% VED%
STALL FEEDING/GRAZING OR BOTH STALL GRAZIN BOT No % G% H% %
MEAN CONCEN TRATE FED
MEAN LACTATI ON
MEAN YIELD
YES%
NO%
NATUR AL%
6 65
20 17.24
80 82.76
0 27.59
0 58.62
0 10.34
100 3.45
100 100
0 0
0 82.76
100 10.34
0 6.9
0 0
0.6 1.81
0 546.21
2 124 1 260
0 28.57 0 20
100 71.43 100 80
100 71.43 0 80
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 28.57 100 20
100 100 100 100
0 0 0 0
0 0 100 0
100 100 0 100
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 1.43 0 1.5
100
0
100
0
0
0
100
0
0
0
100
0
0
3
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES%
NO%
0 1465.52
20 62.07
80 37.93
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 42.86 100 70
100 57.14 0 30
0
0
100
0
Volume: XIV Part I Section: 2 Chapter: 6 Page No:
51
TABLE NO : 14 NO OF HOUSE HOLDS STUDIES CAST CATEGORY(BUDHA)
GENERAL% GENERAL%
CAST CATEGORY(Hindu)
SC% ST% TRIBAL %
ELECTRICITY CONNECTION MOTORABLE ROAD TO VILLAGE
YES% NO% YES% NO% YES%
DISPENSARY/MEDICAL FACILITY IN VILLAGE
TAP WATER TOILET NO OF FAMILY MEMBER
NO% MEDICAL FACILITY DISTANCE (KM) YES% NO% YES% NO% TOTAL MALE TOTAL FEMALE DEGREE% +TWO%
EDUCATION(MALE)
MATRIC% MIDDLE% PRIMARY% ILLITRATE% DEGREE% +TWO%
EDUCATION(FEMALE)
MATRIC% MIDDLE% PRIMARY% ILLITRATE%
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
35 2.86 40 8.57 42.86 5.71 100 0 100 0 100 0 0 100 0 100 0 119 112 18.49 21.85 21.85 16.81 14.29 6.72 13.39 19.64 21.43 16.07 10.71 18.75
Volume: XIV Part I Section: 2 Chapter: 6 Page No:
52
5692000 5924500 78000 760550 355858.6
SERVICE AGRI/HOTI
ANNUAL INCOME
LABOUR MISC TOTAL ANNUAL INCOME
TABLE NO:14(A) MAHILA MANDAL %
51.43
YOUTH CLUB %
COOP %
2.86
2.86
SOCIAL PARTICIPATION MAHILA RAKCHAM MANDAL/YOUTH PANCHAYAT CLUB %
2.86
MARKETING PATTERN OF PRODUCE GRAM PANCHAYAT %
2.86
NO%
2.86
PRIVATE%
NO%
100
0
31.43
COOP%
0
SOURCE OF BORROWING BANK%
COOP %
RELATIVES%
FRIENDS %
97.14
2.86
0
0
ANY OTHER %
0
FUEL/FODDER MANAGEMENT FUEL/FODDER
FUEL FODDER
REQUIREMENT % YES%
100 77.14
FUEL SOURCE
Forest Dryed Plants Gas LPG LPG,Block LPG,Forest LPG,Purchase
AVALIBILITY%
NO%
0 22.86
SOURCE TO COVER GAP %
FODDER SOURCE
2.86 2.86 17.14 2.86 71.43 2.86
Forest Forest,Purchase Kanda Grazing No Private Purchase Self Land
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
GAP %
23 36.29
77 39
SOURCE TO COVER GAP %
34.29 20 2.86 14.29 2.86 20 5.71
Volume: XIV Part I Section: 2 Chapter: 6 Page No:
INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES EXISTING
INTERESTED
Khaddi No
Sewing,Embroidery Khaddi, Fishery, Poultry, Mushroom, Sewing, Bee Keeping, Horticulture,Agriculture, Embroidery
MINOR FOREST PRODUCE(MFP) EXISTINGNAME
No
ANNUALINCOME
0
SUGGESTION
No
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
53
Volume: III Part I Section:2 Chapter:6 Page No:
54
2. Analysis District Kinnaur Community Development Block Kalpa The socio-economic conditions of Kalpa Development Block are summarized in the following tables. Table: 1
Ethnic Group & Religion, Study Area, 2009-10. (Per cent)
Religion Hindu Budhist
97.14 2.86
General SC ST
40.00 8.57 48.57
Category (Hindu)
Category (Budhist) General 2.86 It can be observed from the Table-1 that in study area majority of the population was Hindu (97.14). The percentage of Buddhist was only 2.86. As far as caste category among Hindu was concerned schedule caste category constituted the largest proportion accounting for 48.57 per cent. Next in importance was general category (40.00 per cent). The percentage of ST category was 8.57. Among the Budhist all the households were from general category. Table: 2
Infrastructure Facilities, Study Area, 2009-10.
Village Level
Family level
Motorable road to village Health facility in a village Electricity connection Tap water connection Toilet facility
Yes 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
(Per cent) NO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
*Kilometre Table -2 exhibits that all the o villages were connected with motorable roads. As far as health facilities in villages were concerned all the villages were having medical facility. Table further indicates that all the households were having water connection and toilet facility in their households. As far as electricity connection was concerned all the sampled households were having electric connection in their houses. Table: 3
Distribution of selected families according to gender, Study Area, 2009-10. (Number)
Gender Male 119 Female 112 Total 231 Average size of family 6.6 Sex ratio* 941 *Number of females per thousand males The information on average size of family and gender- wise classification of sampled households has been presented in Table – 3. It can be observed form the table that on overall level, the average family consisted of 6.6 members. In the study area sex ratio was 941.
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
Volume: III Part I Section:2 Chapter:6 Page No:
Table: 4
55
Educational Level, Study Area, 2009-10
(Per cent) Educational Level Male Female Illiterate 6.71 18.75 Primary 14.29 10.71 Middle 16.81 16.08 Matriculate 21.85 21.43 Sr. Secondary 21.85 19.64 Degree 18.49 13.39 Table -4 represents the educational level of sampled population of the study area. As regard the literacy of the family members was concerned, it was found to be higher among males as compared to females. The proportion of illiteracy in females was more. The majority of the females (18.75 per cent) were illiterate. The proportion of the female population having studied up to primary, middle, matriculation and sr. secondary standards was 10.71, 16.08, 21.43 and 19.64 per cent, respectively. It can be seen from the table that only 13.39 per cent of the female population had education up to degree level. Among the males, majority of the population (21.85 per cent) were having education up to sr. secondary level. About 18.49 per cent of male population had education up to degree level. The percentage of illiterate was 6.71 among males. Table: 5
Distribution of Family Income, Study Area, 2009-10
Sr. No 1.
Particulars Horticulture/Agriculture
2.
Service
3.
Miscellaneous
4.
Labour Total
(Average) Annual family Income (Rs.) 169271 (47.54) 162629 (45.70) 21730 (6.10) 2229 (0.62) 355859 (100.00)
Note: Figures in parentheses represent percentages. In order to get an insight unto the annual family income as a whole an analysis was carried out on the basis of family as a unit. The major constituents of family income in the study area were agriculture/horticulture and service. A perusal of Table – 5 reveals that on an average, the total annual family income, per household, was worked out to be Rs. 3, 55,859. The major source of annual family income was agriculture/horticulture. It contributed about 47.54 per cent towards total family income. Next in importance was service, as it contributed about 45.70 per cent. The contribution of miscellaneous was 6.10 per cent. The contribution of labour was only 0.62 per cent. Table: 6 Social Participation, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Participation (68.57) Mahila Mandal 51.43 cooperatives 9.84 Youth Club 4.44 Self Help Groups 2.86 No Participation (31.43) Table – 6 shows the average social participation of households in study area. Overall 68.57 per cent were participating in Mahila Mandals, Cooperatives, Youth Clubs and Self Help Groups with 51.43, 9.84, 4.44 and 2.86 percentages, respectively.
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
Volume: III Part I Section:2 Chapter:6 Page No:
56
Table: 7
Marketing Pattern of Produce, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Private 100.00 Government 0.00 Cooperatives 0.00 Table – 7 reveals that all the respondents were selling their produce to private parties. Table: 8
Source of Borrowings, Study Area, 2009-10
(Per cent) Bank 90.16 Cooperative Society 9.84 Relatives 0.00 Friends 0.00 Any other 0.00 The source of borrowings by the sampled households is presented in Table – 8. The majority of the respondents (90.16 per cent) had taken loan from banks. The percentage of respondents who had taken loan from cooperatives was 9.84. Table: 9
Income Generating Activities, Study Area, 2009-10
(Activities) Existing Interested Khaddi, Sewing, Embroidery Khaddi, Fishery, Poultry, Bee Keeping, Mushroom Table – 9 presents the existing and those income generating activities in which people were interested for future. Khaddi, Sewing and Embroidery were the existing income generating activities in the study area, and people showed interest for future in Khaddi, Fishery, Poultry, Bee Keeping, and Mushroom cultivation. Table: 10 Fuel/Fodder Management, Study Area, 2009-10 Requirement
Availability
Gap
Fuel
100.00
23.00
77.00
Fodder
77.14
36.29
63.71
(Per cent) Sources to cover gap by household Forests (36.00) LPG (64.00) Forest (35.00) Purchase from private parties (65.00)
Table – 10 shows the fuel and fodder management by the respondents in study area. It can be seen from the table that on an average people were able to mange only 23.00 percent fuel from their own farms and to cover the gap, 36.00 per cent households were dependent on forests. As far as fodder is concerned, to cover the gap which was 63.71 percent, 35.00 per cent households were dependent on forests and 65.00 per cent were purchasing the fodder from private parties. Suggestions •
Rural infrastructure like village roads, drinking water, and sanitation needs to be strengthened.
•
Health sub-centers may be provided with proper building and staff.
•
The occurrence of school dropouts has been quite high as we move from school education to higher education.
•
In order to raise the socio-economic status, increase employment opportunities and generate self confidence, the top priority is to be given for their education. The education will help in providing their participation in economic activities and Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
Volume: III Part I Section:2 Chapter:6 Page No:
57
add to their productivity. •
The overall literacy rate of women is low as compared to men folk. Keeping in view the active role played by women in home management special schemes should be introduced to get her more educated.
•
Social participation should be encouraged. There is a need to educate the people about the importance of co-operatives, self help groups and youth clubs. Further, they may be motivated to establish these rural institutions. While using the People Rural Appraisal (PRA), it is noted that most of the people were not having knowledge about development activities. Thus, their participation in such institutions may be encouraged to improve their knowledge about developmental activities.
•
In the study area major source of family income is agriculture/horticulture. Every farmer who wants to expand or even maintain his or her business invariably needs cash. The need for cash implies a need for credit, and as most small scale farmers need relatively small amounts of credit. Microcredit is not always the solution farmers are looking for, and they benefit from it less than other sectors. Their need for credit may be relatively small, but it is larger than that of the average micro-entrepreneur. Farmers need access to credit over a long period of time as they have to wait until harvest time or later, until they can pay back a loan. Unlike other micro-enterprises, agriculture cannot sustain above market interest rates as the financial returns are not high enough. Keeping this in view government should make efforts for microfinance instead of microcredit.
•
All incumbents in study area are marketing their produce to private parties but resentment was also there among them that private parties are not purchasing their produce at proper rates. Government should do efforts in this respect.
•
In order to make the people economically better off, there is a need to introduce new income generating activities as suggested by them. Proper training should be imparted to them to start new activities. Existing income generating activities should be strengthened by making them more trained. Women folk should be trained to improve their economic status. Improved economic status will lead to increase in empowerment of women and also enable them to participate increasingly in decision making in the family and society, which at present is more or less the exclusive domain of the men folk.
•
There exists a gap in fodder requirement and which is mostly met with from forests. To meet out this gap new species of fodder trees and grasses and improved management practices (Agronomic practices and fertilization application) should be popularized.
•
To cover the gap in fuel people were dependent on forests for fuel wood. To release the pressure of forests alternative sources like solar energy, bio-gas should be encouraged. An investment in this direction can be cheaper and more eco-friendly source electrification.
•
Pressure cookers should be provided to them on subsidized rates.
•
Training should be imparted to women to save energy. Wood saving devices like improved chullas should be introduced.
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
Volume: III Part I Section:2 Chapter:6 Page No:
58
3. Costing DEVELOPMENT BLOCK KALPA Basic Statistics • •
No of MWs in the CD Block falling in Satluj Catchment Range of general slope of land
• • •
Farmers' owned land area Irrigated area Fodder supply against demand* • Green fodder • Dry fodder Improvement Expenditure to be met from CAT Plan
• Cost of maintenance of irrigation structures on 0.5% area (15 ha) @ Rs. 0.25 Lakh/ha) • Cost of 1 % area (29 ha) to be brought under organic farming (@ Rs. 10,000/= per ha)(Only incentive portion)*** • Rejuvenation of senile orchards {0.5 % of area (15 ha) @ Rs.15,000/= per ha} (Only incentive portion)*** • Area expansion under Hort. Crops {0.5% of area (15 ha) @ Rs. 60,000/= per ha}( Only incentive portion)*** • 0.5 % of area (15 ha) to be Bench Terraced (@ Rs.1,06,882/= per ha)**** • One Community Water Storage Tank for 10 hectare command area in each Block*** • One Farm Pond (125 CM) for each micro-watershed (10 Nos.) @ Rs. 2,96, 000/= per pond**** • 0.5 % of farmers’ owned land (15 ha ) to be brought under grassland improvement (@ Rs. 1.0 Lakh/ha)***** • One Natural Breeding Centre (NBC) in each micro-watershed (10 Nos.) @ Rs. 25,000/= per centre****** • Cost of one Gosadan to accommodate 100 cattle heads 1. Recurring cost@ Rs.40/= per cattle per day 2. Recurreing cost of 4 attendants @ Rs. 120/=/per day/per attendant 3. Fixed cost for raising Gosadan structures Total
Source * ** *** **** ***** ******
Block Dev.Office/Distt. Statistical Office NERIL Survey Cost norms as per Hort.Tech. Mission, GOI/Deptt. of Hort. H.P. Deptt. of Agri. H.P norms Dept. of Ani. Husbandry, H.P. norms Mid Himalayan Project norms
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
10 ** 30 to 90%** 2905 ha** 79 %** 100 % 100 % Rs. In Lakhs 3.75 2.90 2.25 9.00 16.03 17.25 29.60 15.00
2.50
14.60 1.73 5.00 119.61