Graduation project I Report Fishing Logistic Centre

2017 - 2018

Fisher Men Logistics Center AL MAX BAY

Graduation Project I Architecture Engineering MSA University

This book has been done by a group of researchers of senior students for their graduation project under supervision of professors and teacher assistants at Modern Science and Arts University in the Fall semester of the year 2017 / 2018.

Dr. Sameh Elfeqy Dr. Omar Fawzy Dr. Rasha Sayed Dr. Tarek Abdelsalam Dr. Mohamed Anees Dr. Rania El Messeidy Dr. Doaa Arch. Abdelhamied Jalal Arch. Alaa Elsherief Arch. Sarah Elshafei Arch. Rana adel zaki Arch. Sherief Anees Arch. Shereen Abou Dagher

Researchers: Mariam Alaa Morsy Mariam Wagdy Habib Manar Mahmoud Nada Hatem Shams Philobateer Talaat Yehia Abdelhamied

Copyrights statement All copyrights of these documents are reserved for the mentioned group work.

Fishermen Logistic Center

Under supervision of:

Table of Contents

Table of contents Abstract Chapter I Historical Background

06 07-15

Chapter II Urban Studies

16-56

2.0 Land Use 2.1 Location Studies 2.2 Solid & Voids 2.3 Building Heights 2.4 Building Condition 2.5 Accessibility 2.6 Road Hierarchy 2.7 Micro-Scale Accessibility 2.8 Significant Buildings Al Max climatic conditions 2.9 Climatic Studies 2.10 Environmental Effects 2.11 Conclusion

Architectural Analysis

2.12 Architectural analysis 2.13 Architectural Features

Social Aspects

2.14 Aquaculture 2.15 Vegetation and Animals 2.16 Conclusion 2.17 Social Aspects 2.18 Social Status 2.19 Panoramic Analysis 2.20 Skyline 2.21 SWOT Analysis 2.22 Problem and Potentials Conclusion

08 09-11 12 13 14-15 16 15 17-19 20-21 22 23-24 25-27 28 29 30-31 32-34 35-42 35-41 39 39

Fishermen Logistic Center

1.1-1.2 Urban changing During Historical Period 1.3 -1.7 History of El Max Community 1.8 Timeline 1.9 1.10 Al Max Inhabitant 1.11 Al Max proposed Project 1.12 Conclusion

40-42 40-41 42

43-56 43 44 44 45-46 47 48 49 50 51 51-52

Graduation Project 1, Architecture Engineering, MSA University

3

Table of Contents

Chapter III Project Identification

53-58

Chapter IV Site Analysis

59-77

4.0 Site Analysis 4.1 Site 1 Selection Criteria 4.2 Site 2 Selection Criteria 4.3 Site 3 Selection Criteria 4.4 Site Selection

Chapter V Design Issues

5.0 Flexibility 5.1 Mood 5.2 Image 5.3 Maintenance 5.4 Circulation 5.5 Security 5.6 Safety 5.7 Interaction 5.8 Durability 5.9 Comfort 5.10 Design Issues Conclusion

Chapter VI Case Studies

53-55 56 57-58

60 61-65 66-70 71-75 76

77-103 76-81 82-84 85-86 87-88 89-91 92 93-94 94 96 97-98 99-100

104-130

6.0 Case 1 6.1 Case 2 6.2 Case 3 6.3 Case 4 6.4 Case 5 6.5 Case 6 6.6 Case 7 6.7 Conclusion 6.8 Learnet lessons

105-107 108-109 110-111 112-114 115-119 120-122 122-125 126-128 129-130

7.0 Definition 7.1 Social Sustainability 7.2 Economical Sustainability 7.3 Environmental Sustainability 7.4 LEED 7.5 BREEAM

130 131 132 133-136 137-138 139-145

Chapter VII Sustainability

Chapter VIII Design Program

130-145

146-159

8.0 Project Program 146 8.1 Project Areas 147-148 8.2 Standards 149-159 4 Graduation Project 1, Architecture Engineering, MSA University

Fishermen Logistic Center

3.0 Project Selection 3.1 Project Proposal 3.2 Literature Review

Table of Contents

Chapter IX Individual Work

160-216

10: Reference 11: List of Figures 12: List of Tables

217-224 225-249

161-167 168-172 173-180 181-200 201-206 207-216

249

Fishermen Logistic Center

9.0 Mariam Alaa Morsy 9.1 Mariam Wagdy Habib 9.2 Manar Mahmoud 9.3 Nada Hatem Shams 9.4 Philobateer Talaat 9.5 Yehia Abdelhamied Qandil

Graduation Project 1, Architecture Engineering, MSA University

5

Abstract

Abstract: Al Max, Alexandria, Egypt, is known as “The Venice of Egypt�, because of how fascinating the place is. People are trying to survive and improve their living but the world is against them. In other words, there is nothing the locals can do because no one is giving them a hand to rebuild their place. The fact that the government is in no use and trying to take their place, the people are not giving up and standing for what they want. They stopped them from fishing, they took some of their boats, and they are trying to take over what they have left, their own village.

Fishermen Logistic Center

Methodology applied in this research is mainly depending on finding solutions for Al Maxâ€&#x;s problems to improve the locals living and help them live in peace with the government. Through many studies and other researches, many questions will be answered and all action will be achieved to these people in a better environment for living.

Graduation Project 1, Architecture Engineering, MSA University

6

Chapter I

Historical Background

Important incidents that happened in AL-MAX bay through time.

CHAPTER I

Historical Background

Urban changing During Historical Period

“Al Max is one of the western parts of Alexandria, whose inhabitants practice fishing. Max has its own character, which he houses were built on the series of one of the agricultural drainage channels “

1.1 Period 1820: Al Max is one of Alexandria‟s neighborhoods located in the district of Al Ameria. Although it did not get famous, it‟s one of the most beautiful places in Alexandria and was named Venice of Egypt because of the beauty of the boats that are parked by the side of the buildings. Al Max is actually the fishermen community that is located around Al Mahmoudia water canal with fresh water.

Muhammad Ali ordered digging the canal in 1820 in order to deliver water from the Nile to Alexandria and also to act as pathway for shipping ships; it was named after Sultan Mahmud II. Egypt was part of the Ottoman Empire and it had an important role in navigation in the 19th century.

1.2 Period 1880: The canal affected the navigation in the 19th century not only because it allowed the passage of the cargos from upper, middle, and lower Egypt to pass by Alexandria without going to Rosetta and the mouth of the river; that caused many ships to sink because of the turbulent waters; but also, many merchandises reached Cairo by passing through The Mahmoudia Canal. (Figure 3). Egyptian Center for Economic and Social rights, (2015).

Figure 1, Al Max, Began the attack on Alexandria by the British Empire, Egyptian Center for Economic and Social rights, (2015).

Figure 2 the presence of Al Max on the outskirts of the city General Organization for Physical Planning, (2014)

Figure 3, Old Mahmoudiyah canal in Al Max 19th , Data source (tadamun.com), Egyptian Center for Economic and Social rights, (2015).

8

CHAPTER I

Historical Background

1.3 Period 1917: The bank of the Mahmoudia canal and the famous pumps station of Max, which is one of the main components of the place until now. The bridge that was built by the American from the time was to be thrown over the railway in the map of 1917. Light house was built and is listed as one of the architectural guides to the function of the former place as a port. With the continued existence of Al-Shafkhana Fort, lighthouses and military landmarks. Housing is gradually being built around the Mahmoudia‟s canal. the nucleus of the place currently known as the Fishermen's Village. The fishermen village is therefore considered the first residential area in the area. Egyptian Center for Economic and Social rights, (2015).

1.4 Period 1937: “Wadi Al Amar ”houses” appeared next to the salt factory, where the residential blocks was on the East of the pumps and the salt factory was on the West, yet the petroleum factory and AMOC Company did not (Figure 4,5).

Figure 4

Scale 1:1000

Later, Alexandria‟s Petroleum Factory separated the block and removed a huge part of the houses and it became a physical separation between the two residential blocks. Egyptian Center for Economic and Social rights, (2015).

1.5 Period 1940:

(Figure 4 and 5), act of Wadi Al Amar residence did not exist in the past nor did the industries that are beside it now.

By Researcher ,from Google earth Scale 1:1000

After the canal was closed after Alexandria Petroleum Factory for navigation, as shown in (Figure 6), some fishermen took the river banks as a place for residence. In1940 part of the houses is displaced of Wadi Al Amar by the Alexandria Petroleum Company .

They built small houses hugging the waterway with line boats at the entrances of their houses as shown in (Figure 7). Each house has to entrances, one in front of the canal and one in front of their main street. When they came back from their fishing, which is after 6pm, they spend the rest of their day in their boats sawing their nets.

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CHAPTER I

Historical Background

1.6 Period 1940: After the canal was closed after Alexandria Petroleum Factory for navigation, as shown in (Figure 6), some fishermen took the river banks as a place for residence. In1940 part of the houses is displaced of Wadi Al Amar by the Alexandria Petroleum Company .

They built small houses hugging the waterway with line boats at the entrances of their houses as shown in (Figure 7). Each house has to entrances, one in front of the canal and one in front of their main street. When they came back from their fishing, which is after 6pm, they spend the rest of their day in their boats sawing their nets.

Figure 6, by Researcher, from Google earth shows how was Al Max bay in the past It has many empty areas .

Scale 1:500

(Figure 7) by Researcher, from Google earth shows how was Al Max bay now.

Scale 1:500

10

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Historical Background

1.6 Period 2000-2015:

Two green areas abandoned Two stadium

1.8 Period 2010-2015:

(3)

Figure 6, illustrated by Researcher shows wasted and built areas. Scale 1:500

From 2000-2015, every hatched spaces are empty areas and now in 2017 are built as residential buildings.

In this area, it was supposed to be built but now it abandoned (2).

This was a wasted area. Now, from 2010-2015 It have two stadium(3) From 2010 -2015 it has to be a green area Now, in 2017, it has a green area(4).

(3)

(4) Figure 7, illustrated by Researchers (2017) shows hatched spaces are empty areas.

Scale 1:500

11

CHAPTER I

Historical Background

1.8 Al Max Timeline:

12

CHAPTER I

Historical Background

1.9 History of AL Max Community: After 1917, the social composition of Al Max area changed where each fishermen become high income while nowadays, they became low income.

More than 85% of residents were born in Al Max, therefore, most of the residents today are fourth generation of the original residents (land owner).

The percentage of Al Max residents that work in fishing are 55% and that is 18.5% of Ameriaâ€&#x;s district, where it is near to their homes and 25% work outside. Not all of them work as fishermen, 20% of them work in cement and petrol industries (Ministry of Urban 2017).

Renewal

and

informal

fishermen 60% cement &petrol 25% industries street 15% (Figure 9), Chart showing jobs of Al Max residents, illustrated by researchers (2017).

settlements

`` (Figure 10), vegetable hawkers street , illustrated by researchers (2017).

(Figure 11), Residential buildings in Al Max with mixed-use building , illustrated by researchers (2017).

(Figure 12), Chart showing jobs of Al Max residents, illustrated by researchers (2017).

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Historical Background

1.10 Historical Inhabitants: These tables are showing the population number of the different genders in Al Max. These Male tables help in showing what are the different ages and genders can help with when it comes to Female the jobs.

Type

Population # 23859 22009

As it is showing, the male gender New Born is higher than the female gender.

The locals prefer to have boys as their children because they inherit Percentage of population the fishing job and can easily help in Al Max, Alexandria, Egypt them around with the boats.

45865 1.9%

(Table 1) Al Max’s population in 1990

TYPE

AGE Less than Twelve

Al Max

Twelve to Sixty Four

15368

TOTAL

Sixty Five+

29678

783

45868

(Table 2) Al Max’s population in 1990

AGE Less than One

One

Five

Ten

Fifteen

Twenty

Twen tyFive

Thirt y

ThirtyFive

Male

538

3031

3071

3148

2553

1912

2009

1673

1380

Female

560

2856

2874

2931

2357

2380

1921

1401

1045

New Born

1098

5887

5945

6079

4910

4292

3930

3074

2325

TYPE

Conclusion:

(Table 3) Al Max’s population in 2014

These tables are showing that not only the male gender and more, but that even though they have a very small income, they still have kids. One family can be more than six members.

14

CHAPTER I

Historical Background

1.11 Al Max development project was proposed several times: • In 2000, the Foundation was set up as an activity utilizing expressions of the human experience to build up the Palms angling town zone.

• In 2003, from the beginning, the association has tried to utilize disregarded structural and design spaces to spread road craftsmanship and differing group individuals for far reaching group advancement.

• In 2009, A project was designed to make and initiate a flood of awareness with the significance of protecting the town and the significance of its improvement, on two levels: the town level and the level of leaders in the city of Alexandria.

• In 2010, the Fishermen's Village project is a reclamation and advancement project for the fishermen town of Palms by Hassan Fathy.

• In 2015, A project to move the population on the Khandaq canal. The project incorporates 8 properties containing 160 units and closures in April 2017.

(Ministry of Urban Renewal and informal settlements 2017 )

1.5 Conclusion: From the history of Al Max, the village is considered to be important because of the connection between the fresh water of Al Mariouteya and the salty sea.

This connection has been used as a trade route when they first dug the canal.

The approximate date of the appearance of Al Max village is connected with the appearance of fishing in this same area. The conclusion is that Al Max could be a a trade center and also a fishing center specially because the locals inherit these skills from their ancestors.

Al Khandaq was a huge change for Al Max‟s residence because it helped them in drinking fresh water, but that all changed when the place was surrounded with industries that caused in water pollution.

15

Chapter II

Urban Studies

Urban studies of AL-MAX bay

CHAPTER II

Urban studies

2.0 Land Use:

Figure 15, Boundary Al max, illustrated by researchers (2017).

Figure (16), Land use Map , Data source General Organization for Physical Planning, (2014), Illustrated by researchers (2017 ).

17

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Urban studies

Fig. 14 Fig. 16 Fig. 17,18

(Figure 18), Residential building , illustrated by researchers (2017).

Fig. 15

(Figure 19), church, Data source (tadamun.com) (2017).

(Figure 17), Land use Map , Data source , General Organization for Physical Planning, (2014), Illustrated by researchers (2017 ).

(Figure 20) Harbor village, Data source, Illustrated by researchers ( 2017 ).

The larger part of Al Max‟s area is owned by the factories than the residential part. Most of the fishermen house land uses are divided into residential areas and the other are some services (Figure 1). There is only one hospital that is not close to Al Max. There are some services such as cafes, youth center, grocery store, butcher shop, one mosque(Figure 16), church & pharmacies (Figure 15).

The residential density is about 158 people per acre. The high official housing are 313 people per acre.

“Ministry of Urban Renewal and informal settlements 2017.”

18

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Urban studies

2.1 Location studies: The residential buildings have a 22.4% of the land use with an area of 219 acre and 8% mixed used of the area is 112 acre. 60% is industrial area Education had a 6% tile, healthy 2% tile, entertainment 5% tile, religion 2% tile, from the total are of Al Max.

Keys : Military Residential Factory Mixed Use Religious

Fig. 23 Fig. 24

(Figure 22 and 23), Residential of Wadi Al Qamar and streets

(Figure 21), Land use Map , Data source , General Organization for Physical Planning, (2014), Illustrated by researchers (2017 ).Scale 1:600

According to Obaid, a resident, “the infrastructure of the place is in a very bad condition & the government doesn‟t want to do anything about it. So, the residents created their own infrastructure something called “Bayarat”(Figure 23.)

They dig holes in the ground while they‟re building so it could be connected to the main sewage pipes. The people tried talking to the parliament and they only suggested that they will the set the pipes up if they bring them.

The parliament disagreed because they needed the sewage pipes.

19

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Urban studies

The residential area of “Al Haras Border” is a medium class standard with 15 blocks that has a security and a surrounded fence. Al Haras Border stadium is in the South and it has it‟s own services.

Al Tabya residence is in the East, behind Al Haras Border. Locals and officers live in the same area (Figure 24) Al Max‟s residential areas has three streets parallel to their houses. The area is considered isolated from the ocean, making the community more cohesive. Al Max‟s transportation is nothing but a 3 wheeled device that is close to a bicycle.

Al Haras border stadium, officers accommodations, Wadi Al Qamar residence , Al Khadaq, and Al Tabya residence. General Organization for Physical Planning, (2014).

Keys :

Residential

(Figure 26),Land use map

Mixed Use

(Figure 24),Al Haras Border residence, data source (tadamun.com), Ministry of Urban Renewal and informal settlements 2017

(Figure 25),Al Haras Border residence , data source (tadamun.com), Ministry of Urban Renewal and informal settlements 2017

20

CHAPTER II

2.2 Solid & voids:

Urban studies

(Figure 21), Solid & Void , illustrated by researcher (2017).

21

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Urban studies

2.3 Building Heights: Key:

  

1

1-2 story (17%) 3-4 story (40%) 5-6 story (43%)

1

2 4-6 floors (Figure 29), Haras al Hodod residence with 4-6 floors ,source Google earth illustrated by researcher (2017).

2

4-6 floors (Figure 28), Building Heights, Data source General Organization for Physical Planning, (2014), Illustrated by researchers (2017 ).Scale 1:600

(Figure 30), Wadi Al Qamar residence with 4-6 floors , illustrated by researcher (2017).

Buildings that are less than 2 floors are mainly owned by the fishermen and storage building on Al Khandaq .Buildings with the height of 2 to 3 floors are more than other buildings which lay on Al Mahmoudya canal and Om Zgheoor streets.

The Residential and mixed use building with 4 to 6 floors on the center of Al max street .

22

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Urban studies

Buildings heights :

1

5 4 3

6

2

1

7 8

2 Height ware limited according to the surroundings

(Figure 32), Residential building 3-5 m with Cement factories 5-7floors, illustrated by researcher (2017).

(Figure 31), Building Heights, (2014), Illustrated by researchers (2017 ).Scale 1:5000

Buildings with the height of 1 to 5 floors are 43%. Buildings with the height of 3 to 4 floors also clustered in different zones as Officerâ€&#x;s residence and residential of Al Haras Border are 40%.

The factory's buildings are more than 6 floors with a percentage of 43% of the total number of the buildings.

3

4

(Figure 33), Residential building 3-5 m with petrol factory 5-7floors, illustrated by researcher (2017).

6 7 5 8 (Figure 34), Residential building 3-5 m with petrol factory 5-7floors, illustrated by researcher (2017).

(Figure 35), Fisher men village on Al Mahmoudya canal 3-5 m with petrol factory 5-7floors, illustrated by researcher (2017).

The buildings heights on Al Max shows that the densities of the people is not very high in the areas of residential buildings. The monumental scale of Industrial area and fishermen village on Al Max creates visual from Alexandria to Cairo road and Al Amraya district makes a connection between cultural and industrial area in the design. Wadi Al Qamar is between 3 to 12 meters except for factories which can be used for creating visual connection. While the fishermenâ€&#x;s village waterfront buildings are between 1 to 6 floors, therefore, it cannot exceed the height of twelve meters within the area of Al Max. 23

CHAPTER II

Urban studies

2.4 Building Conditions :

Keys:

 Good (20%)  Medium (32%)  Bad (41%) Very Bad (7%)

3

1

1

2

(Figure 37), Bad condition in Haras al hdod Illustrated by researchers (2017 ).

2

(Figure 38), Medium condition in Haras al Hodod Illustrated by researchers (2017 ).

(Figure 36), Building Conditions, Data source General Organization for Physical Planning, (2014), Illustrated by researchers (2017 ).Scale 1:600

3

Good condition buildings are mainly in Al Haras radiance and officers, while medium condition buildings are factories and modern residential.

“Ministry of Urban Renewal and informal settlements 2017”

(Figure 39), Officers residence Illustrated by researchers (2017 ).

24

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2.4 Building Conditions :

Urban studies

1

Keys    

Good Medium Bad Very Bad

2

4 3

2

5 (Figure 41), Good building condition, illustrated by researcher (2017).

3

(Figure 40), Building Condition,, Illustrated by researchers (2017). Scale 1:1000

2

(Figure 42), medium condition. buildings, illustrated by researcher (2017).

4

5

Figure 43, Deteriorated buildings – good condition Building , illustrated by researcher (2017).

(Figure 44), Deteriorated buildings, illustrated by researcher (2017).

The total number of the buildings are 7% in Al Max are deteriorated. The area of the deteriorated buildings are 6 acre with a percentage of 24% of the total area. Buildings with bad condition has a percentage of 41%, and good condition has a percentage of 32%. The local area of the good condition buildings has a percentage of 20%.

25

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2.4 Building Conditions :

Urban studies

1 2

2 High class

‌Good cond.

3

1 Low class

Bad cond.

3 Middle class

(Figure 46) shows Building conditions, Ministry of Urban Renewal and informal settlements 2017

Medium cond.

3

2 1

(Figure 45), Building Condition,, Illustrated by researchers (2017). Scale 1:1000

(Figure 47) shows the material used , Ministry of Urban Renewal and informal settlements 2017

The buildings condition in the area around al Khandaq toward Al Mahmodya canal are in very bad condition because they are in continues use and are placed on high percentage of humidity due to waterfront and no one has been taking care of them according to their low economic conditions. Despite Wadi Al Qamar, the residential area is in bad condition due to the neglecting along, polluted air, acidic rains, humidity on the contrary. The residential areas like Haras Al Hodod, officers, factories are in medium condition due to it novelty. Moving inside Al Max area, most of the buildings are commercial, entertainment, educational are in good condition due to it has been take care of by the different authorities. The buildings inside the area are in good condition because they have been build recently and used as warehouse.

The outcome of the two charts is that the low class have a high percentage of bad building condition as they are located on the waterfront due to the lack of material and design treatment, while medium class buildings are mostly with brick & RC due to the available of building construction record high percentage on the Al Max. Despite RC and steel, it is recommended as a high class which has a low percentage in residential are while most buildings uses steel due to the large industrial area with good condition because it has been treated.

26

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Urban studies

2.5 Accessibility : The boundaries of Al Max Alexandria is Matrouh Road street is in North West. Wadi Al Qamar street is in the North East and Mehwar Al- Tameir in South East.

Entrances for the site is Alexandria Marsa Matrouh Road and has two clear entrances leading to Al Max. Mehwar Al Tameir has four entrances that can be visual time can be taken 2 h 30 min.

(Figure 48), Alexandria – Cairo map , data source Google mop, illustrated by researcher (2017).

Keys:

(Figure 49), Accessibility to Al Max , map , illustrated by researcher (2017).

27

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Urban studies

2.6 Road Hierarchy :

Keys:

Train Bus Stations Transportation Percentage Bus Micro-Bus Private cars Toktok karata

(Figure 50), Road , hierarchy map , illustrated by researcher (2017).

10% 50% 20% 20%

The main roads surrounding Al max are Alexandria Marsa Matrouh Road, connecting with Wadi Al Kumar street and Al Max street crossing Mehwar al taâ€&#x;amer.

1- Width of Al Max Bridge, Om Zeghreo 6m has a bad condition.

2- Alexandria Marsah Matrouh Road entrance is 12 meter with a medium condition.

The center of the Al Max has an easy access by public transportation or cars, in the fishermenâ€&#x;s village, they use a different transportation vehicle called Toktok due to bad condition and narrow streets.

28

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Urban studies

2.6 Road Hierarchy : 1 17m Al Max street

3 1 (Figure 45) Al Max street , right wadi al qamar & Om zegeroo ( walk able bridge ) 17m , source data ( Google earth ) illustrated by researcher (2017).

2 5 4 (Figure 46) Mehwar Al Ta‟ameer 20m , source data ( Google earth ) illustrated by researcher (2017).

2

3

(Figure 51), Road , hierarchy map , illustrated by researcher (2017).`

Key

(Figure 47) Alexandria – Boursaid road 30 m , source data ( Google earth ), illustrated by researcher (2017).

Main roads

5

44

(Figure 39), Alexandria – Bousaid road 30 m , source data ( Google earth ), illustrated by researcher (2017).

(Figure 48) Wadi al Qamar Rd. 12 m , source data ( Google earth ), illustrated by researcher (2017).

The three main roads surrounding Al max are Marsah Matrouh road connecting Al Max street, Alexandria road connecting Mehwar Al Ta‟amer , Saad Abn Alwalid connecting Wadi al Qamar road with the rail way line.

29

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Urban studies

2.7 Micro-Scale Accessibility: 1 5 1

4

2 17m Al Max street (Figure 56) Al Max street ( bridge above al Khandaq ) 17m , illustrated by researcher (2017).

2 3

2m resident street (Figure 55), Road , hierarchy map , illustrated by researcher (2017).`

(Figure 57) side street on fishermen residential 2m , illustrated by researcher (2017).

4

5

3

3m resident street

12m 6m Al resident Max street street

6m Wadi Al qamar – Petrol company

Figure 58 Haras al hedod street on left 3m & Al Max street on right 12m , illustrated by researcher (2017).

(Figure 58) Wadi Al Qamar on left & petrol company on the right 2m , illustrated by researcher (2017).

There is a main access of Alexandria desert road leading to Cairo considered as a potential point. On a micro scale level, the site is accessible from Al Max street connecting directly to Al Amerya , Om Zeghreor St. Wadi El Kamar Street.

The direct accessibility to the site and the location being at the center of the city is a great potential in the area that should be utilized especially the site is connected from all directions and that those access points can be used to create connectivity to the landmarks in the area as well. The main network is vehicular, while in the residential spaces there is a pedestrian network created in the area.The accessibility for Al Max helped on choosing the three sites according to the road hierarchy, to know the finest sites to be reached and studied the main roads to each site.

30

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Urban studies

2.8 Significant Buildings : MAP KEY:

A- Light Tower, Al Max B- Hars El Hdod School C- Al Gaich Mosque D- Hars El Hdod Stadium E- Alexandria for Refining & Petro- Chemicals F- Alexandria for Minerals G- Wadi Al Amar residence H- Masr for Chemicals I- Cement Industries J- Al Khandaq K- Sewage pipes L- Aqua center O- Harbor

A

c

D

c I

Al Gaich Mosque

F

I

(Figure 60), land marks , illustrated by researcher (2017).

Cement Industries

D

F

A

Hars El Hdod Stadium

Alexandria for refining & petro chemical

Light Tower, Al Max

31

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Urban studies

2.9 Climatic Studies : Wind rose:

(Figure 72), Meto blue weather, illustrated by researches 2017.

The wind rose of Alexandria shows how many hours per year the wind blows from the indicated direction.

In the North, they use big windows to maximize the daylight and prevailing wind.

In the North East, they use small windows to minimize the sun exposure. As shown in figure 61.

Ratio of rainy days in Al Max: The maximum ratio of rainy days are in January, July and August.

(Figure 73)

(Figure 74), seasonal wind directions of Alexandria city.

32

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Urban studies

2.10 Materials Used: Limestone tiles are hard and does not deteriorate easily , which makes them the best candidate for flooring .

Limestone is resistant to mold and bacteria and decreases the effect of humidity and also easy to maintain .

(Figure 75)

Orientation Limestone could be used in the production of cement which could be used in the construction process.

The best orientation for our project is the north west as we face the humidity problem this problem is solved in several ways first is by using building materials like limestone which is considered an isolation material also we must orient our building in the wind direction to decrease the effect of humidity as the wind blows from the + ve pressure to the – ve one

(Figure 76)

(Figure 77)

(Figure 79) (Figure 78)

33

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Urban studies

2.10 Topography:

(Figure 80)

(Figure 81), topography Of Alexandria, 1872

The topography shows that Al Max is the lowest part of Alexandria, due to the heavy rain, the buildings that are lower than the streets are drowned.

Existing condition

Existing materials Limestone as main component

solution

The area is drowned in rain water and sewage water

The area must be protected by reshaping the pathway of rain water by digging canals around Al-Max to save them from drowning

(Figure 82)

34

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Urban studies

2.11 Soil of Al Max: -

Rapidly dry wet soil.

Reduces soil plasticity.

Reduces soil swelling.

Increases soil strength for construction vehicles.

- Increases the long term strength of soil containing clay (Lime stabilization).

(Figure 83), National workshop – Alexandria 15-16 June 2010

(Figure 84)

(Figure 85)

Conclusion:

Limestone is a rich material used in the process of construction so it could be used because Al Maxâ€&#x;s soil already contains this material that will reduce the constructing cost and also considered as a good footing and base for different kinds of buildings.

35

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2.12 Humidity:

(Figure 86), the graph shows the relative humidity in Alexandria.

(Figure 87)

August has the highest humidity rate, while April is the least month that has humidity.

- The average annual percentage of humidity is 68%.

Water temperature

Sun Path

(Figure 88)

Minimum and maximum temperature

(Figure 90)

(Figure 89)

Dry period is in March, April, May, June and July.

(Figure 91)

36

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Urban studies

2.14 Rise & Tide:

(Figure 92), shows the current directions inside Alexandria’s eastern harbor

(Figure 93), shows different sea conditions

solving the humidity issue is how we use the orientation of the building and sun bath to reduce its effect on building as the direct sun effect has a direct relation with the humidity

(Figure 94), Alexandria king Mariout’s Sand Dunes.

Sand dunes are a natural way for the nature to protect the shore from waves of the sea.

(Figure 95), Wave Breakers in Alexandria.

They use wave breakers instead of sand dunes.

37

CHAPTER II

Urban studies

(Figure 96)

(Figure 97)

sand dunes are a natural way for the nature to protect the shores from waves of the sea.

(Figure 98)

Solving the humidity issue is how we use the orientation of the building and sun bath to reduce its effect on building as the direct sun effect has a direct relation with the humidity 38

CHAPTER II

Urban studies

2.15 Environment Effects : Government obligate fishermen the to have licenses every day so they have financial problems.

Not only 70% of the regions inhabitants are not well educated because there are only two levels of school “Elementary & Preparatory”, but also there are many diseases due to lack of hospitals.

Bad transportation inside the area due to small gaps between houses.

Bad condition of houses , lack of job opportunities.

The problem of factory‟s sewage illuminate the canal‟s function which is fishing as its very polluted than before.

(Figure 99), shows the environmental effect Illustrated by researchers (2017).

2.16 Environmental Conclusion: From studying the environment of Alexandria and Al Max, the conclusion is that we have to protect Al Max‟s village by using wave breakers as the existing wave breaker are not in the wrong direction instead there must be two breakers, one in the west & other one in the east. They used to have sand dunes but because they did not understand the studies, it would have been better than the breakers. The soil of Al Max is very good to construct any kind of buildings and even towers. It has good agriculture soil. Also, Al Max should be surrounded with protection from the rainy days because it is lower than Alexandria.

39

CHAPTER II

Urban studies

2.17 Architectural Analysis:

Wall of the military unit

Small houses or storage areas

Rain Drainage

Wadi Al Amar residence

Narrow streets & stone stairs

Bridge that were built for The railway station

(Figure 100)

(Figure 101)

Many openings but their sizes depending on their orientation, they usually use wooden windows and most of the buildings are in a very bad condition. 40

CHAPTER II

Urban studies

Dumped garbage & ruins of streets

New RC buildings higher than the normal

Many openings but their sizes (Figure 102) depends on their orientation.

(Figure 103) Houses built with bricks and wooden windows

Mahmoudia Canal “Al Khandak�

Almost all the facades are damaged due to the high humidity in this area.

41

CHAPTER II

Urban studies

2.18 Architectural Features:

Traditional Buildings: Building that is from 19th to 21th, traditional buildings in Al Max is related to Post modern architecture style Features 1- Fishermen Houses each one have 3 parts ( Storage – Small Home – Net storage ) 2- Flat roof, small opening, main entrance toward North East ( Post Modern ).

3- small houses ( 2 floors ) Materials 1- Wood 2- Limestone 3- Concrete

Modern Buildings:

(Figure 104), architectural features illustrated by researcher (2017).

Building that is from 21th century, Modern building thatâ€&#x;s from 21th century . Modern building have no completely in details there is lack in features.

Traditional Buildings

Modern Buildings Mixed Buildings

Mixed Buildings: Building that are originally traditional buildings, but it has been renovated.

Features 1- Painted facades.

2- Glass walls.

3- two different entrance

Features 1- Big windows in North facades ( glass windows ) 2- More than 5 stories.

3- Panorama story for day light and view Materials 1- Reinforced concert 2- Limestone 3- steel 4- stone

42

CHAPTER II

Urban studies

2.19 Aquaculture in Al Max Bay:

Land based aquaculture

(Figure 105)

Open-ocean aquaculture

The farming of aquatic organisms are fish, shellfish, and even plants. It refers to the cultivation of both marine and fresh water species and can range from land based to open- ocean production.

Al Max research center is located 15 kilometers West of Alexandria behind the irrigation station of Al Max. The area of station and fish farm is about 37 acre and is a part of the Maroutiya Lake that is divided into 14 basin differ in size. The depth of the water in basins range from half meter to 2 meters and this basins gains its water from the tunnel of Al Max. The nearest aquaculture for Al-Max is about 15 kilometers West of Alexandria.

This will benefit us as we could use this aquaculture farms to develop the fish market in Al Max

(Figure 106)

(Figure 107)

(Figure 108)

43

CHAPTER II

Urban studies

2.20 Vegetation & Animals in Al Max Bay:

(Figure 109), shows the existing flora & fauna in the area

2.16 Conclusion: The use of aquaculture helps them in producing more fish because the water pollution reduced the amount of fish that was in Al-khandaq.

Existing vegetation and animals are natural resources that can help people to improve their economical status by using them.

44

(Figure 113)

(Figure 114)

(Figure 115)

(Figure 116)

(Figure 112)

(Figure 110)

(Figure 117)

(Figure 111)

CHAPTER II

Urban studies

2.21 Social Aspects :

45

(Figure 118)

(Figure 121)

(Figure 122) (Figure 123)

(Figure 120)

(Figure 119)

(Figure 124)

CHAPTER II

Urban studies

46

CHAPTER II

Urban studies

2.22 Social status – survey : What is the jobs of Al Max residents ?

If you were offered to leave this area and go work somewhere else, will you go?

20%

No

yes

80%

Figure 125

Why are you staying here?

Are life conditions satisfying?

Figure 126

40% 60%

Family been here since a lot.

I work here.

Figure 127 Figure 128

FACTORYS POLICIES

SEWEGE POLUTED CANAL

LACK OF FISHES

POLLUTED CANAL

BAD TRANSPORTATION

STRESS - PRESURE

LACK OF AWARNESS

UN PRODUCTIVE

LACK OF HOSPITAL

Figure 129, shows the factor effect on the human behavior at Al Max make them on stress and unproductive , illustrated by researchers (2017).

Social Aspects Conclusion: Al-Max residents works in fishing, selling these fish, sewing nets and building their own boats. Most of their buildings are in bad condition they don‟t have maintenance of any kind. Many buildings must be removed because they are in a bad condition. People from age 20-30 are 60% of the population which is 30,051.

47

CHAPTER II

Figure 130

2.23 Panoramic Analysis :

Urban studies

48

Figure 132

Urban studies

Skyline :

2.24 Skyline :

Figure 131

CHAPTER II

49

Figure 133

Figure 134

Figure 140

Figure 138

Figure 136

2.25 SWOT Analysis :

Figure 139

Figure 137

Figure 135

CHAPTER II

Urban studies

50

CHAPTER II

Urban studies

2.26 Potentials & problems: Potentials: - The site has its own identity & character of the site.

- Existence of historical buildings such as the light house & old palace gate.

- The fish research center & fish farms.

- Its close to the harbor.

- There is a good sewage, telephone & electricity networks that could be repaired.

Problems: - Water, air & visual pollution.

- Although there is a sewage network but its not used or even treated.

- Many deteriorated buildings mainly because of the humidity & the poor materials used.

- Narrow unleveled pathways.

- Many factories surrounding the whole area.

- The government wants to remove the village.

- Crime, vandalism & drugs in the area.

- Lack of security.

51

CHAPTER II

Urban studies

2.22 Final Conclusions: Specifics of Al Max:

Al Max is significant is that the use of different types of transportation they have which include: Sea Transportation: Al Max includes a part from the West of the port of Alexandria, as it also includes a part of the internal new port.

River Transportation: Mahmoudiyaâ€&#x;s canal surrounds the East part of Al Max and it is the main route that connects the Nile with Alexandria.

Industrial base: The industrial activity in Al Max, Al Amareya Center, and the main presidential industry in Moharam Baic.

Figure 77), shows Al Max bay now

Topography:

The levels from the sea area on the coast differentiate Al Max until the high area through out Abu Seer to the lower of Maryout River. Then, it rises gradually to Maryout hill and falls down to the bottom of Baheg Al Alamen.

Climate:

Moderate all year long and reaches an average of rain that approximately 190 millimeters per year.

Urban Development:

The government should be committed on promoting the extension directed to the West, which called for planning the new Amareya City that led to a strong point of attraction heading West.

In a long political matter, the government built a new residential area for the locals so they would leave their old area. This is because the government wants their old area for themselves.

Area problems:

1) Land Use: Al Max suffers from air pollution that was caused from the industrial areas. The pollution started to surround the area around the Maryout Lake in a very random way, which ruins the overall look.

2) Services: Al Max also suffers from utility networks and services in that matter.

The regional movement suffers from the over populated industrial activity in the surrounding area which resulted innumerous problems concerning movement and traffic which led to the decrease of the passage entrance in Al Max.

Urban Structure:

Topography: Al Max inner sector that is from the coast sea to the Maryoutia canal is 5 km long, 12.9 flat, which is 3,29 % of the area.

SWOT Analysis:

Al-Max is now full of industries. One of their major problems is that they have no services like a hospital or schools, They are all miles away. The outer material of their buildings are not suitable with their weather conditions as the humidity 52 and rain.

Chapter III

Problem Identification

Identifying the problems and their solutions.

CHAPTER III

Problem identification

Figure 142

3.0 problem identification :

5454

CHAPTER III

Problem identification

3.1 Project proposal :

FISHING LOGISTICS CENTER Problem statement: The fishermen‟s main problem is that they cannot fulfill their daily needs. They cannot fish in the sea due to the governments restrictions and limiting them in a certain area because of the fishing licenses.

Project statement: As mentioned before, the fishermen‟s main issue is having the fishing license and going to the sea and fish. Therefore the proposed project is a fishing logistics center that is going to help them have the fishing license, give them the space to build and maintain their boats and their nets and a place to sell their products everyday.

Project Approach: Cultural approach: The fishermen started looking for other jobs because they do not know how to fish without anyone bugging them or taking their license away. They do all the work on their own with no help. They even build their own boats and so their nets. They want any job to help their income increase so they and their families survive.

Touristic approach: We want the people to know beautiful AL- MAX is, after alll it is called Venice of Egypt. In this center, there will be a see through glass where it will show how they build their boats, sew their nets and remove the fish after they‟re back from fishing.

Social approach: The people of AL-MAX are isolated from the rest of the community & that led to their bad attitude. This project will let them communicate with different types of people and they will start to coop and learn new things.

55

CHAPTER III

Problem identification

3.2 Target Group: Targeting men, women & youth Women: they are going to help the men in sewing the nets, so that will increase each familyâ€&#x;s income because each family depends only on men and youth.

Men: they will fish, sew nets & build their own boats.

Youth: they will also help the men in sewing nets, building the boats & fishing.

Youth 20-25

Women 20-40

Men 30-60

(Figure 143), Illustrated by researchers (2017).

3.3 Project Diagram :

(Figure 144), project diagram

56

CHAPTER III

Problem identification

3.4 Literature Review HUTCHISON PORTS ALEXANDRIA “Alexandria International Container Terminals (AICT) is a free zone company and operates two fully integrated container terminals at Egypt‟s main commercial parts of Alexandria Port and El Dekheila Port since 2005”. These ports are located on the Medirerranean Sea and are both international and local trading activities in Egypt.

Alexandria Port is considered one of the largest and most important ports in the Mediterranean. It's also one of the oldest, built around 2000 B.C. Due to its crucial location; the Port of Alexandria handles almost 60% of Egypt's foreign trade according to Alexandria Port Authority (APA).

Alexandria Port is one of the largest and oldest ports that was built in 2000 BC. It is also one of the important ports in the Mediterranean Sea. •

Marine logistic from 1960 – up tell now

Mission are Getting the right services to the right place, at the right time, and in the desired condition at the lowest cost and highest return on investment •

Major objectives for Maritime logistics - Effectively meet emergency needs - Careful handling of merchandise - Willingness to take back defective goods and resupply them quickly.

57

CHAPTER III

Problem identification

Fishing industry

includes any industry or activity concerned with taking, culturing, processing, preserving, storing, transporting, marketing or selling fish or fish products. It is defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization as including recreational, subsistence and commercial fishing, and the harvesting, processing, and marketing sectors. The commercial activity is aimed at the delivery of fish and other seafood products for human consumption or as input factors in other industrial processes. Directly or indirectly, the livelihood of over 500 million people in developing countries depends on fisheries and aquaculture.

History of Commercial Fisheries

Fisheries drew the first Europeans to what is now Canada, and still sustain large coastal and inland regions.

Beginnings: 1500-1763 Europeans, including the English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Basques, began fishing off the Grand Banks of Newfoundland Figure 145 , Dories from the schooner "Albert J. Lutz" in the 16th century. The plentiful, easy-toare shown being towed astern prior to being dropped off, 1913 (courtesy Maritime Museum ) catch cod was the most valuable commodity: dried or salted, it could be transported long distances and would keep for several months.

Fishermen arrived from Europe in the spring and stayed until early fall. They fished directly from the boats using hooks and lines. Some Europeans, particularly the Basques, also fished for whales, which soon became scarce. By the late 16th century, the English and French were in competition with each other. The fishery encouraged the growth of their empires, because fishing, shipbuilding, shipping, and trading economically reinforced one another. While the economic goal was the same for both, the English and the French had different methods of fishing and organizing the industry.

The Fishing Industry in nineteenth century County This section examines the nature and composition of the fishing industry in County Down, paying particular attention to the deep sea and offshore fisheries of herring and mackerel. The nineteenth century is a period symbolised by change within the fishing industry and this took the form of new technology and markets. A major factor owing to these changes was the availability of accessible resources. Habits of shoaling and free migration also lead to times of distinct shortage in the availability of pelagic resources. (Pollock, 407,1997) Therefore, it could be argued that the lifestyle and shoaling nature of the different species of fish lead to the development of a wide range of sea-fisheries along the County Down coastline. These ranged from land-based pursuits such as the capture of crabs and lobsters.

58

Chapter IV

Site Analysis

Criteria of choosing a site and the selected site for the project.

CHAPTER IV Site Analysis

4.0 Site selection criteria: Connection to community to Al Max Direct Exposure to main road Water Front Land Mark

Site selection criteria

3

1

2

(Figure 145 ) shows 3 proposed sites , scale 1:600

Reasons

Site I

Site II

Site III

Connection with community

Located in near the fishermen village

Located on the center of Al Max

Located inside facilities

Direct Exposure to main road

Direct access from main road

Accessible through secondary roads

Direct access from main road

Water Front

Near the Mediterranean sea

Flanked by El- khandak

Near to the Mediterranean sea

Land Mark

Military base, Harbor

Al- Max research centers

Harass Al Hdoud stadium , Al Max Lighthouse

60

CHAPTER IV Site Analysis

4.1, Site selection criteria: Sites 1: Site Location: The Selected is located on the edge of residential El-Khandak and Mediterranean Sea, on the main road and provide two accessibility to site, ensure the belonging of the project to the site, serving local & increase social involvement through itâ€&#x;s sited close to the fishermen village .

1

(Figure 146)

Urban Fabric :

(Figure 147) illustrated by researcher (2017

61 61

CHAPTER IV Site Analysis

Site 1: Site 1 Land use :

Site 1 Landmarks :

1 1

Residential

Governmental

Factories

Military

- Military Base - El Moustafa Mosqe - The New Harbor

(Figure 149)

(Figure 148)

Site 1 Building Heights:

Site 1 building condition

1

(Figure 150)

The average of buildings heights in the site is Ground floor +1,+5 which provide visual and character for the project.

Building Heights associated with their streetsâ€&#x; width

1

(Figure 151)

Almost all the buildings are residential & mixed buildings , there are many commercial activities in this area.

So we need an alternatives for those 62 people.

62

CHAPTER IV Site Analysis

Site 1 Micro Accessibility & Road Hierarchy :

1 3

2

Keys:

(Figure 153) The

accessibility to the site is very easy because itâ€&#x;s located on the main road Al Max street and & provide two accessibility to site , 2

(Figure 152), Road , hierarchy map , illustrated by researcher (2017).`Scale 1 : 1000

Key Main roads

1

17m Al Max street (Figure 155) Al Max street ( bridge above al Khandaq ) 17m , illustrated by researcher (2017).

(Figure 154) Al Max street , right wadi al qamar & Om zegeroo ( walk able bridge ) 17m , source data ( Google earth ) illustrated by researcher (2017).

3

2m resident street (Figure 156) side street on fishermen residential 2m , illustrated by researcher (2017).

63

CHAPTER IV Site Analysis

Site 1 Facade Analysis 4 5

-Main View toward El Khandak -Bad Building Condition -From 2-3 stories as a height -deteriorated sewage system

2

1 3 6

1 (Figure 158) Boundary of the Site ,Taken by researcher (2017).

(Figure 157) illustrated by researcher (2017).

Surroundings : -

2

Mosque as a landmark Commercial Informalities Street Vendors Military Base 5

(Figure 159) Boundary of the Site ,Taken by researcher (2017).

Building Conditions

3

4 (Figure 160) Boundary of the Site ,Taken by researcher (2017).

(Figure 161) Boundary of the Site ,Taken by researcher (2017).

6

- Deteriorated residential buildings - Deformed commercial facilities 7

(Figure 162 and 163 Boundary of the Site ,Taken by researcher (2017).

64

CHAPTER IV Site Analysis

S.W.O.T

Accessibility on main street (Al Max st.)

Close to the heart of fishing craft and commercial facilities Directly on the Mediterranean sea.

The site is surrounded by landmarks The site is located next to an active area that includes (Cinema, Antiques museum..etc.) and that will help our project.

    

Street vendors low land value.

Bad conditions of Buildings. lack of services.

The site is located next to military building that causes a lot of problems in this area

    

Enough Labor Close to the heart of the crafts Its located in front of a commercial space that could bee used in exporting .

  

 

(Figure 164)

Military land

Street vendors (Figure 165

(Figure 166)

Fishing craft

People might not want to leave their location it‟s a vital area in the local market so we will face difficulties for convincing people to leave 65

CHAPTER IV Site Analysis

4.2 Site selection criteria Site 2:

Location: Al-Max is a perfect place for a Fishing logistics center depending on a cultural, commercial and scientific research that led to how the Fishing logistic center will affect the area

2

(Figure 167)

Urban Fabric : (Figure 95)

2

(Figure 96)

(Figure 168)

66

CHAPTER IV Site Analysis

Site 2:

Site 2 land use:

Site 2 Surroundings :

(Figure 169) Residential

Governmental

Factories

-

(Figure 170) Al Max Pump System station Al Max Aquaculture Cement Factory

Green

Site 2 building heights:

Site 2 building conditions:

2

2

(Figure 171)

The average of buildings heights in the site is Ground floor +1,+5 which provide visual and character for the project. Building Heights associated with their streetsâ€&#x; width. Factories around the site shows the high skyline

(Figure 172)

Almost all the buildings are residential & mixed buildings ,and factories there are many Industrial activities in this area.so the building condtion varies between bad and medium condition 67

CHAPTER IV Site Analysis

Site 2 Micro Accessibility & Road Hierarchy :

Keys: 2

1

(Figure 174)

3

2

The accessibility to the site is very easy because it‟s near to al max train station and have a serval accessibility from serval main roads and local roads 3

(Figure 173), Road , hierarchy map , illustrated by researcher (2017).`Scale 1 : 1000

Key Main roads

(Figure 175) Mehwar Al Ta‟ameer 20m , source data ( Google earth ) illustrated by researcher (2017).

2

1

Figure 176 Alexandria – Portsaid road 30 m , source data ( Google earth ), illustrated by researcher (2017).

(Figure 177) Wadi al Qamar Road 12m, source data ( Google earth ), illustrated by researcher (2017).

68

CHAPTER IV Site Analysis

Site 2 Facade Analysis

2

4

1

3

22

1

- 6 stories residential buildings as a height (Figure 179) - RC Structure 2 (Figure 178) illustrated by researcher (2017).- Building conditions between medium and bad condition Landmarks : - Deteriorated buildings due to factories effects

- Al Max Pump System station - Al Max Aquaculture

2 (Figure 180)

3 (Figure 181)

Building Conditions - Deteriorated buildings - Deformed facilities -

4 (Figure 182)

5 (Figure 183)

69

CHAPTER IV Site Analysis

S.W.O.T

    

Accessed from 4 different roads on of them is a main road.

Close to the heart of fishing craft & Al-Max research center.

The site is located in between of Al-Khandak & Mediterranean sea.

The site is located in a very active area which is the center of al max and the factories.

It can be accessed from Alkhandak.

Low land level.

Surrounded by factories.

Bad condition of the surrounded buildings.

Lack of services.

Narrow streets.

    

   

  

In the center of Al-Max. Enough labor.

Located next to the fishermen village.

Next to the max research center.

(Figure 184)

(Figure 185)

(Figure 186)

Pollution of factories & petrol companies.

Lack of security.

Drug abuse & high crime rate in the area.

(Figure 187)

70

CHAPTER IV Site Analysis

4.3 Site selection criteria Site 3:

Location: 3

Al-Max is a perfect place for a Fishing logistics center depending on a cultural, commercial and scientific research that led to how the Fishing logistic center will affect the area.

Urban Fabric :

(Figure 188)

3 3

(Figure 106)

(Figure 189)

71

CHAPTER IV Site Analysis

Site 3 land use:

Site 3 Surroundings :

3

3

(Figure 191)

Residential Factories

(Figure 190) Governmental Green

Military Education

Site 3 building heights:

- Haras El Hdod Stadium Al Max Harbor - Military base - Lighthouse - New Fishermen Residential

Site 3 building conditions:

3

3 3

(Figure 192)

(Figure 193)

The average of buildings heights in the site is Ground floor +1,+5 which provide visual and character for the project.

Building Heights associated with their streetsâ€&#x; width

the condition of the building are mostly medium condition due to the distance from the factories and a the other building near to the sea have a bad condition due to the humidity of the sea 72

CHAPTER IV Site Analysis

Site 3 Micro Accessibility & Road Hierarchy :

1

3

4

3

3

2

Keys:

(Figure 195)

The accessibility to the site is very easy because itâ€&#x;s located on the main road Al Max street and & provide two accessibility to site 2

(Figure 194), Road , hierarchy map , illustrated by researcher (2017).`Scale 1 : 1000

Key

(Figure 196)

Main roads

1

17m Al Max street (Figure 197) Al Max street ( bridge above al

Khandaq ) 17m , illustrated by researcher (2017).

3

4

3m resident street

12m resident street

(Figure 198 and 199) Al Max street

73

CHAPTER IV Site Analysis

Site 3 Facade Analysis 2 7

3 5

4 3

1 1

(Figure 200) illustrated by researcher (2017).

(Figure 201)

- 6 stories residential buildings as a height - RC Structure - Building conditions between good and medium condition - Water front toward the sea and al khandak

Landmarks : -

El Mustafa Mosque as a landmark Haras El Hadod Stadium Al Max Lighthouse New fishermen residential 3 (Figure 203) gesh mosque

2

Building Conditions

4

(Figure 202) light tower

(Figure 204), haras stadium

- Building conditions varies between good as a new buildings and old one effected by the humidity and the factory pollution

5 (Figure 205) residential building

6 (Figure 206)

7

74 (Figure 207)

CHAPTER IV Site Analysis

S.W.O.T      

   

    

  

Accessed from 2 main roads.

Close to the heart of fishing craft & Al-Max research center.

The site is located in between of Al-Khandak & Mediterranean sea.

The site is located in a very active area which is the center of al max and the factories.

It can be accessed from Mediterranean sea.

Green area located next to the site.

Low land level.

Surrounded by factories & military area.

Bad condition of the surrounding buildings.

Lack of services.

In the center of Al-Max. Enough labor.

Located next to the fishermen village.

Next to the max research center.

Waterfront.

Pollution of factories & petrol companies.

The military area and their constrains.

Drug abuse & high crime rate in the area.

3

(Figure 208)

(Figure 209)

(Figure 210)

(Figure 211)

75

CHAPTER IV Site Analysis

4.4 Site selection criteria Selected site: Site 3 Al Max is a perfect place for a Fishing logistics center as a result of the mixed use of the land (historical, commercial, cultural & residential) where the Fishing logistic center should take place affecting all of them. The site location is chosen according to the project functions and objectives. The project will adopt a cultural, touristic & social approaches that will be connected to the aquaculture spine where it began from al Mahmoudia lake to the Mediterranean sea.

3

(Figure 212), Road , Site Selection , Data source General Organization for Physical Planning, (2014), , illustrated by researcher (2017). Scale 1:600

(Figure 86)

(Figure 213) , connection to the community

76

Chapter V

Design Issues

Design issues that should be taken in consideration for a good building.

CHAPTER V

Design issues

Flexibility: Project spaces have to be designed malleable to provide accommodations for different purposes and be simply changed but continue with the unchanged quality. Flexibility ought also to be functional on the inner scale where they ought be transformed and adjustable.

General Definition: It is the quantity of variation might be done in varied circumstances under different environments, Cited in The way we live.

Architectural Definition: It‟s the facility of a space to be simply adapted to accommodate its jobs with the same effect, Cited in Schroeder.

Flexibility means that the building design allow numerous changes in purpose, as in size, additions, movability in furniture with the same competence.

Flexibility types Adaptability

Transformability

Movability

Responsive

Convertibility

Building – Structure – Floor plan – volume flexibility

(Figure 214), Adoptability, ( Geoff, 2007)

Adaptability: Movable buildings are used to reach adaptability to user‟s requisites.

(Figure 216), Transformability, ( Schroeder ), 2007)

Convertibility The capability of the spaces to be adopted with the environmental variations and inverse the functions to complete the vital luxury zones.

(Figure 215), Transformability, ( Schroeder ), 2007)

Transform ability The facility to change items' place / construction among its distinct state and end state numerous times to be used in different structures.

(Figure 217), Transformability, ( Schroeder ), 2007)

Universal: it‟s the easiness of place to be adapted for use, this figure recommended for open floor plans also free design typology.

78

CHAPTER V

Flexibility Building flexibility

(Figure 217), Flexible furniture

Design issues

Structure flexibility

(Figure 218), Flexible structure

The altered functions that the building can preform

The facility of walls and columns to be moved in the building.

Volume flexibility

Multi Use

(Figure 219), Flexible furniture, by researcher (2017).

The volume of space can be change.

Expansion

(Figure 222), flexible structure

Expansion and contraction: like curtain walls also in building scale can be used.

(Figure 220), building function changes in morning

The Functions of building can change Extension

(Figure 223), Flexible furniture, by researcher (2017).

Extension can be done in the building easily for further needs.

Strategies to achieve flexibility in proposed project : • Use curtain wall instead of brick wall • Partitions to divide open floor plan in admirations zone • Build with steel structure for expansions , and not RC. since it fixed structure .

• Use tensile membrane to be flexible for further extension on commercial zone.

• Movable furniture not built in for flexibility of modifications in space and its function as workshop to be also gallery.

79

CHAPTER V

Design issues

Flexibility

the importance of flexibility on the proposed project : As the building can be modified for further edition as in the market extensions with the outdoor furniture, open floor offices for administration in the logistic service can be divided into portions' for privacy or noise disruptions, and also at workshops the interior furniture and machines can be transform its place without problem, and extension for building for touristic approach needs.

Flexibility in Building Examples: 1- Aarhus School of Architecture

1

2

Different zones in the project

3

Storage flexibility

1

2

3

Open floor plan flexibility

1

2

3

Market flexibility

1

2

3

Workshops flexibility (Figure 224), flexibility on building and outdoor areas

2- The Hanging Room by TILT | Despoke

open space change to be meeting space by furniture.

open space change to be admiration room.

Commercial zone in the project

open space change to be communication room.

(Figure 225) , The Hanging Room by TILT | Despoke, 2013

80

CHAPTER V

Design issues

Flexibility 3- Legrand company

Logistic administration zone in the project

(Figure 226) , Office building , Legrand company solution for flexibility

4- Jacobs Institute for Design

Logistic administration zone in the project

Two large meeting rooms divided into six meeting and two lounges

One MBU in to two workshops for education and production

Open space in to closed reception with seating area toward garden

81

CHAPTER V

Design issues

Mood:

Al Max has a unique mood reflected from different era and issues , maintaining the mood of fishing logistic center for its reflects the culture of the place and people, can easily affect the psychology of a person, it comes hand in hand with the design process.

General Definition: The feeling that the person have for temporary time as it can be positive or negative on psychological scale in life (Yolanda Williams 2007).

Architectural Definition: The perception of user toward the space depend on its surrounding environment that have when entre space (Architectural Digest, 2017).

Mood have ability to impact the environment of user inside the building or outside for exact task or events.

Factors affecting mood: Physiological factors: Color Colors generally have impact on the person „s feeling and its psychological mood and status physically, also have spiritual effect and can change the level of energy that people may have also effect on people „s health. So it is an important issue for the interior space that effect the productivity of people inside. (Reza Babakhani, Islamic Azad University, 2017 ) • Refreshment: Green , blue ,

Figure 226, mood illustration by conversionary

magenta.

• Static: Green, blue, brown, earth tones.

• Cleanliness: Sky blue, white, pink, green, light yellow.

Natural & artificial lighting • Studies showed that adequate sun light improves focus of person as it can be natural in north, or artificial give certain moods.

Figure 227, Light skimming a rough wall inside the Hörbranz cemetery, Austria by Juri Troy Architects.

Figure 228, Natural and artificial lighting

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Building views Views of natural setting improve focus and enhance individual‟s health and work .

Ceiling height • lower ceilings used in Detailed tasks • high ceilings used in spaces for creativity and abstract thoughts.

• Using less sharp-edged furniture and more carpeting.

Physical factors :

Figure 229,huilding view toward outside enviroment

Figure 230, describe how the ceiling affect on person

Form of the space • When the space rectangle people have freely feel to move inside • If the space is too small or have bad proportion have impact that they cant move inside depressed feeling.

• While the circular space mad people to be enclosure inside the space cant go outside and interact with the surrounding Scale of the space • People may be get nervous and stressed due to the proportion of space not good design as it may be too big or small for human standard to be happy inside and comfort or stressed.

• Scale of space effect on mood that the place‟s massage that need to achieve Material of space • Material can be naturally like from wood gives the nature with its texture like in forest , while can be artificial ceramic smooth r rough both can gives the feeling of happiness of depression such as, .

Engineered wood , Natural stone (marble), or carpet for private spaces .

Figure 231,different form of space

Figure 232, material of the space in mood

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Mood

Strategies to achieve the mood in proposed project :

Use local materials of Al max like limestone and wood for the feeling of belonging , important of natural light and the sea view, chose the best proportion for the interior space as form and scale to be rectangular and interact with put side environment to improve people's mood for productivity.

The importance of mood on the proposed project : As the depression happed on Al max due to water and air pollution happed from factories, lowness of the life condition and lack of productivity that people have and depression of low income , so its need to transform that mood to happiness and for better to achieve community of Al max well being optimism toward life to increase their productivity and the health of the community .

Mood in Building Examples:

Figure 233 , Rush University Medical Center

Figure 234 , gallery

Nature view toward green area and natural lighting gives effect on mood by pleasure and remove the depression of work.

The circular form of building & how people walks inside please them of visiting it with the curtain walls allow the communicate with surrounding .

Figure 235 , sue Salk Institute for gender

Creates a mood of pietism in life as the sky light diffusion .

Figure 236 , Busan Cinema Complex

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Image: The Perfectible image in proposed project have to be out come of the visual expressive of the surrounding context to be imitated on the project itself. And can be achieved by inspired from the architectural features from the buildings surround and applying them.

General Definition: The Predetermined idea held abstractly in show a mental attitude. it may be someone's own perception.

Cited in common core.

Architectural Definition: The impress or meaning that perceiver gets from a building‟s form or outer surface that describe building‟s message or atmosphere. ( Architecture and urbanism).

Figure 237, City Image, ( Architectural record magazine)

Image should be reflect the project in the society as in architecture feature , skyline, community how the perceive it and its impact on them.

Aspects of image in architecture Identity of the building perspective a specific personality is viewed as the after effect of and having a place with a specific place, ecological brain science views the place of way of life as normal for a man as opposed to a place.

Message : • Participation and empowerment of the community • Diversity within integration between targets • Blending and curing the crack softly

Figure 240, community participation

Figure 238, City Image

Hierarchy: • Advice and awareness approach • Good treatment and understanding community „s need • Long term impact on Fishermen • Achieving fishermen „s dreams

Figure 241, good treatment and understanding

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Image

Vision The civic in which fishermen are enabled to achieve their goals by secure the fishing program , license, trade and physical security

Mission To protect fisher men against policies and governmental abuse and coordinated services focusing on managing the program

Figure 242, vision and mission want to be achieved transformation of image of the city

Strategies to achieve the image in proposed project :

Inspire the visual image of the project from the surrounding and also the community „s needs and culture to help and inspire them.

The importance of image in the proposed project : As the project is for fisher men it has to be comes from their culture and reflect it, also the project should have a message to tell about the important of this craft and how this impact people is life for long time , image of project on how it understand the community is lifelong and achieve their dreams.

Image in Building Examples:

Figure 243, Lloyd's of London

The building shows that income increase of income through this project

Figure 244, Piazza d'Italia New Orleans, by Moore,1978

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Maintenance: General Definition: Actions made to conserve or keep the original state of a resource as long as it could, or it is the process of preserving something in its state. (WT Willoughby , 2013) Architectural Definition: Preventing the building from being affected by forces that may damage it. It also the process of reaping the building and repairing the systems and equipment's in the building. ( Covenant University).

Figure 245, Maintenance diagram , illustrated by researcher (2017)

It is the state of keeping a building in its finest condition by either saving it as it is or by changing it to be flexible in facing different conditions.

There are two main types of maintenance. Planned Maintenance and Unplanned maintenance. Planned Maintenance are always scheduled and targets an known error in a building while unplanned is immediate errors.

Types of maintenance

Un planned Maintenance • Emergency • Corrective • Opportunistic

Planned maintenance:

planned Maintenance • Corrective • Predictive • Routine • Design out • Preventive : Scheduled, Condition base

Technique used to reduce cost of managing the facility and its components in order to reduce possibilities of major issues occurring instead of waiting for the issues to occur.

Reactive or Emergency maintenance:

Technique of taking rapid action when the problem or issue occurs, it may be to prevent bugger problem from happening.

Corrective building maintenance:

Work must be done to the structure to be in adequate standard or occupancy.

Figure 246, Kerrect Group , workers performing maintenance on the outside of buildings(2017)

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Maintenance

Preventive maintenance is a critical issue in a building, and is one of the most important because it prevents future error or mistakes, and keeps the building free from decay.

Preventive Maintenance

Scheduled Maintenance • Inspection • Lubrication and servicing Along with Cleaning Adjusting • Component replacement

NDT - Infrared Thermography (IRT)

Figure 247, NDT - Infrared Thermography (IRT)

Identification of decay patterns

Effect on our project

Condition - based Maintenance Continues

Periodic

On demand

Predictive maintenance techniques • Vibration • Ultra- sonic testing • Infrared testing • Non destructive • Sonic testing testing

Fiber Optics Microscopy (FOM)

Figure 248, Fiber Optics Microscopy (FOM)

Identifies differences in the texture and composition of surfaces, materials classification.

• Maintenance help to keep our project safe from damage that may occur from weather or public use.

• Help preventing building's decay • Help maintaining structural stability and safety.

• Ensures that the building continue following standards and regulations

Conclusion

High quality materials should be used to avoid maintenance requests while using the building, that should be stairs and corridors for maintain workers that they don‟t interrupt the users of the academy during their work.

Figure 249, Maintenance diagram , illustrated by researcher (2017)

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Circulation: General definition:

The transfer or passage of anything fro m place to place.( Portico Space, 2016 )

Architectural definition:

The network that connects the outside of the building and the inside through vertical and horizontal paths.(Veronica Estremadoyro, 2008)

Figure 250, Cited in Pinterest, (2016)

Moving inside or outside building to transfer from certain point to another, as circulation links between several spaces, it can be in same level to be horizontal circulation as corridors, while different floor level vertical circulation.

Circulation for users

Horizontal circulation might include hallways, atria, paths, entries and exits. Not less than 2m. linear

Radial

Network

Spiral

Figure 251

Vertical circulation is how people move up and down within the building, so includes things like stairs, lifts, ramps, ladders and escalators which allow us to move from one level to another, to be not less than 1.2m.

Vertical circulation

Escalator

Figure 252

figure 253, Stuttgart City Library: Circulation Diagrams, OMA Netherlands Embassy, 2012 )

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Circulation

Circulation for boats For fishing boats it needs at lest from 4 to 9 m for small and large size that can be move freely to park and also for repairing .

figure 254

Circulation for product Product storage needs to be need to street an in ground floor straight line not circular for disruption of items, also it must be minimum distance for circulation but suitable space in width for circulation of product can be moved and seen, and also fire prevention with wide corridors, not to be less than 4 m to be ease for circulation of product indoor and outdoor.

figure 143, productâ€&#x; circulations

Outdoor circulation

Can be scattered , right angles for one central line , may be around the building need at least 2 m .

figure 255, outdoor circulations

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Circulation

Circulation Examples: 1- Outdoor circulation for shopping center

2- Maxxi museum of modern art Indoor vertical circulation through stairs and escalators on the center of the building for ease access, several vertical for safety issues.

Figure 256, Shopping Center Design Plans

Figure 257, Maxxi museum of modern art, zaha hadid

Figure 258, Porto Cruise Terminal Porto, Portugal , (2016)

Figure 259, onathan Ochshorn, cornall university

3- Porto Cruise Terminal Boats move inside the lack shore in circular ship can , can park in more than 20m for ships.

4- cornall university Public circulation Court staff circulation Defendant circulations

5- Ships circulation inside port as can use part of it in proposed project

Figure 260, Ship Point Plaza. Image via City of Victoria, Alistair Ogden (2017)

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Security: General definition: It is the state of being free of danger and threat ( Open security Architecture ,2007).

Architectural definition: Creating a sense of protection for the building as well as the users from danger as thieves ( WBDG Secure / Safe Committee, 2017).

Figure 261, Integra ONE ,Security in building (2015)

Security means the whole project is secured and protected for people inside, computer data, using high technology to make suitable environments for users.

Types of security: • Minimum security level : Used in open spaces, has no fence where least protection is needed.

• Medium security level Used in any indoor space, an entrance and exit to control the place.

Figure 262, Methods of security diagrams(2016)

• Maximum security level : Used in places that contains valuable items or places that require maximum control and high privacy. They need surveillance cameras, alerts & security man.

Figure 263, Network security diagram .(2014)

Assault and Robbery • High quality and performance security systems must be installed to avoid assault.

• An equipped security team must be located on the site for protection.

Vandalism •Materials that are easy to clean and offer protection against vandalism such as graffiti and poster removal materials (soft pine wood/PVC)

Security methods in proposed project will use: -

Finger print security.

Eye print security.

Electronic gates.

Surveillance cameras.

Cameras for security Network Security

Electronic gate

Fingerprint security Figure 150

Surveillance camera

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Safety: General definition:

It is the state of being protected from accidents and hazards to safe and healthy environment (WBDG Whole Building Design Guide, 2017).

Fire detection & alarm

Smoke control

Architectural definition:

Issues that should be taken in to consideration to limit or prevent accidental injury or death among the users of these sites or buildings and this could be achieved through supplying or providing fire-rated egress enclosures, sprinkler systems and escape stairs that has correct rise-torun proportions as Floods, Fire (Current Issues in Safety-Critical Systems, 2012).

Environmental control Asset Locator

On site technical service

Figure 264, Finetech Controls Pvt, Safety in building (2015)

Safety is to evacuate population of the building in emergency , fire protection , available safety professional or safety for outside environments, by means of to make prevention for earthquakes, floods, any natural or human threats.

Types of hazards

Physical Hazards: it include slips, trips, falls, exposure to loud noises, working from heights, vibrations, and unguarded machinery.

Chemical Hazards: are present anytime workers are exposed chemical substances. Examples include cleaning solutions and solvents, vapors and fumes, carbon monoxide and any other gases.

Precautions that should be taken in the proposed project consideration:

Physical Hazards for safety in our projects as fire , flooding's, sinking.

Figure265, Chemical Hazards may threat our project as in workshop for maintenances, Savannah environmental (2013).

• Escape staircases.

• Distance between staircases should be according to code.

• Direct connection between escape staircases/corridors and the outdoor Figure 266, Physical Safety Division (2013).

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Safety:

• Using materials with high fire resistance.

• Simple and clear circulation.

• simple, easy to read fire escape plans should be located frequently throughout the site.

Figure 267, Architectural plan showing easy circulation for scalping , Big stock (2015)

Fire Code

Vertical escape: • Fire resistant corridors • Emergency stairs (easily accessible) • Spray characteristic of an • umbrella sprinkler Horizontal escape: • Horizontal escape route protected from smoke • Protected corridor from fire

Safety in buildings example: Figure 268, showing fire code in the building

Figure 269, Annex Basement; Dublin Lib 1st Safety Diagram, Georgia state university (2015)

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Interaction: General definition:

The success or effect of things on the perceivers (J Reich ,2017).

Architectural definition:

A set of behaviors of a person or group represent based on planned zones ( Usman Haque , 2011 ) “The perspective designed physical the self potentially expression in the Smith, 2006).

emphasizes that environments and influence and find other” (Ronald W.

Figure 270, platform for interaction, Salon de Mobile(2015).

Symbol of interaction means communication with the environment through nature of people surrounding , each have influences on each other. The more building aims for interaction the more its successful since develop community as have good self reflection for better behavior for people in the environment.

Social interaction: Two or more people oriented in each other by acts, actions and practices.

Group interaction: Doing activities under concern of learning, sharing knowledge and experience or training.

Figure 271, image Under-pinning student activity Figure 272, The smart system can analyze are layered strategies for interaction, (2016). users' daily activities, (2013).

Interaction in the proposed project is very essential since in Al Max community don‟t trust each other due to lack of interaction spaces between them ,so we can create in side fishermen Logistic Centre places for interaction of workers for sharing knowledge and will reflect on productivity and better community.

Figure 273, Student hotel place for students interaction (games, restaurants )

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Interaction:

Levels of interactions

Figure 274, types of interaction between people, space, building

1-Interaction between users and others : Interaction between two or more socially within sharing ideas through speaking with each other , that concept needs to build the structure of the society in better way in proposed project. Level of interaction should be high due to the proposed idea of the project improve their skills and want them to trust each other.

Figure 275, shows the level of interaction between user with each other face to face.

2-Interaction between users and building: Its essential to happened interaction between user and the exist building they are inside for exploring it and get something to do , so the user can participate indoor and outdoor. The interaction between user and building Figure 276, shows essential of interaction need to increase the values of place. between user with in the building

3-Interaction between surrounding context:

building

&

Relation between surrounding environment as building of climatic condition have to be strong that is the way will keep the building stand in surrounding conditions , not to be odd it have to be

Figure 277, sasakissaki project , university planning interaction building - context

Strategies and method to achieve interaction in proposed project By design a gathering point as court or open space for user with each other , have to be limitation between customer and staff in the design, level of interaction change between manger and staff be less than other. Designing the building according to the surrounding environments as a climatic or topography , also to keep the identity of place and its culture to make people interact with the project and have something to do as workshops & gallery.

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Interaction:

Levels of interactions in zones in the proposed project

High interaction : commercial area, touristic zone and workshops.

Medium interaction : administration , production workshops and license zone.

Low interaction : security and governmental zone .

Interaction in Building Examples: 1- Gallery of bug, OMA

Figure 278, gallery of bug, OMA, Buro-os, Berlin , showing different interaction of people with each other and people with building .

2- Magna Housing Project key to have interaction between staff with making lounges and special seating inside work space to interact privately with talking and sharing ideas between each others. Keeping the control in interaction to prevent the disruption of working inside with helping green elements to interact with nature also

Figure 279, Magna Housing, interaction between staff with different furniture according level of interaction

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Durability: General definition : Means the capability of a building or its parts to perform a function over a specified long period of time. Durability is not a material property, is a function of a material and its environment, also a function of future installation (W CELADYN ,2006).

Architectural Definition: “The durability of buildings lies at the core of sustainable architecture, yet it remains to be fully assessed as a measure of sustainability. As was noted in the discussion on recurring embodied energy, non-durable building components, especially the envelope, result in high life cycle costs due to maintenance, repair and premature replacement. Durability is often compromised when designers and owners confuse it with the issue of first costs�( Canadian Architect, 2005).

Figure 280, Durability diagram , illustrated by researcher (2017)

Durability means to the building strength , healthiness for staying power, durability it self means to be keep thing as it new and its ability to keep to keep its shape and performance with low level of deterioration.

Factors Affecting Durability: 1.The service conditions.

2.Material characteristics.

3.Design and detailing.

4.Maintenance.

Concrete is not affected by winddriven rain and humid climates because it is impermeable to air infiltration and wind-driven rain.

Figure 281, should be planed to promote air flow, prevent tornado

In our project durability is essential due to natural environmental climate is bad as high humidity and acid rains, since our site on waterfront . By using durable material water resistance and sun protection , with durable construction inside water for out side area we will make in our project.

Figure 282, The Coliseum

Figure 283, Roman Architecture ( Marble , lime stone)

Figure 284, John Simpson building

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Comfort: General Definition: The state of the permission of mind of people and having no worry neither in mental or emotional sides nor in the adjacent atmosphere (ncub, 2015).

Architectural Definition: It is not always just about temperature regulator , consideration as any comfort building. In fact, comfort relied heavily on what to do through lighting , elements, materiality and sounds (Hsdase Mauro, 2016).

Figure 285, diagram showing comfort methods

The Physiological behavior of people due to the surrounding environments.

Psychological comfort is relative from one individual to another that it depends on the background, gender, age and finical state.

Physical comfort Thermal comfort is a condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment. Due to its subjectivity, thermal comfort is different for every individual. It is maintained when the heat generated by the human metabolism is allowed to dissipate at a rate that maintains thermal equilibrium in the body. Any heat gain or loss beyond this generates.

Figure 286, diagram showing Thermal comfort

• Ambient temperature (air temperature) • Radiant temperature (the temperature of the surfaces ) • Relative humidity (quantity of the water vapor in an air -water mixture) • Air wave (the rate at which air moves around and drops skin) • Metabolic rate (amount of energy expended)

Figure 287, physical comfort of users

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Comfort:

Comfort furniture By making available of stress less chairs for staff, and comfortable chairs with desk to use helping them in their work.

Non physical comfort Acoustic Setting • Decrease Comprehensive of echo time • Sound Masking if necessary to provide • Limiting the transmission of noise from outdoor to the inside • Reduce contextual noise upcoming from the building equipment Visual comfort It‟s imported that help to create comfort environment, people prefer natural light than artificial lights since its given feeling that nature is dominant.

Figure 288, stress less chairs at break time

Figure 289, shows impact of noise in comfort

Figure 290, Visual comfort in reading

Design Is Essential Emotions and design are intertwined, as design appeal applies to everything, it does apply to buildings as well, the design of an object or space has an effect on the emotional state of the user.

Textural Effects :

Rough Surfaces

Smooth surfaces

Comfort is important to the proposed project

To the proposed Project, The fishing logistic center is defined as a collection of many things, so it‟s a metaphor for the role concentrate plays in determining person response to their surroundings. The goal is to design a comfortable space for the community, a space that can delve into their interaction and comfort to make them feel at home, at ease and unstressed.

Strategies to achieve comfort

Design respectable isolated building for sound and thermal comfort, with smooth surface to feel of peace on the space, visual comfort by sun breaker in south direction limiting high exposure of light, by increasing the permission of natural ventilation and daylight inside thee spaces also at the commercial.100

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Comfort:

Interaction in Building Examples: 1- Gallery, Mario Cucinella Architects

2- Architectural lighting, office building

white light Figure 291, Gallery of Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies ), Mario Cucinella Architects

By using wind catcher for natural ventilations and permit outlet of hot air, also using evaporative cooling .

Red light

Figure 292, Architectural lighting, showing visual comfort in office building

Visual comfort change in red color is better for working refreshment, but white color like a dull bore feel.

3- Gallery, Mario Cucinella Architects

4- Architectural lighting, office building

Figure 293, Sea-Tac Delta Sky Club houses ,air port, using dynamic glass for visual comfort.

Figure 294, shopping mall renod, Taiwan

Dynamic glass were used in airport achieve visual comfort saved energy by permitting natural light and increase passenger is comfort, and designing comfortable seating .

Architects use acoustical isolation of noise happened due to people through walking ant talking, and access the visual comfort by preventing the glare of light.

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Design issues

Flexibility

Image

Spaces of the project must be planned adaptable to suit diverse capacities and be effectively adjusted so far stay with a similar quality. Flexibility ought to done to be connected on the interior scale where they ought to be changed and versatile.

Image for our situation ought to be the product of the to visual image of the surrounding site to be considered in the project. This is how achievable of projects by citing the highlights structural from the structures around and relate them.

Mood

Maintenance

Al Max has a remarkable mood reflected from various period and events , maintaining the mood of marine logistic center for its reflects the culture of the community place and individuals

It is the condition of keeping a structure in its finest condition by either saving it as it is or by transforming it to be adaptable in confronting diverse conditions.

Circulation

Security

Moving from certain point to another, as circulation links between several spaces, circulation control the use of project ant its relation ships between its spaces

Security is the main issue on the project , is implies the entire secured as Pc information, using high technology to make appropriate environments for users.

Safety

Interaction

Safety is to evacuate population of the building in emergency , fire protection , available safety professional or safety for outside environments.

Image of interaction means correspondence with the atmospheric nature of people surrounding & each have impacts on each other.

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Durability

Comfort

Durability of building that keep strength , healthiness for it staying in power, to keep its shape and performance with low level of deterioration. Since the location of the site so it has to be isolated in constructions.

Comfort is one of main reason that can make logistic center success as it is a place for VIP conferences and international country, so the confortable space should be Designed well through visual and thermal.

Legibility

Visibility

Legibility concept should be available in our project through make our project identity for Al max as a land mark with making people recall it in their cognition maps.

The site is on the Mediterranean sea, as the importance of this project in Al Max area it will be reflect the identity of the community, so should be well visible toward middle east.

Energy Efficiency

Economy

According to our project should save energy by using natural resources and renewable resources by making adaptive project with the environment.

Since fisher men craft is fishing and industries the project will develop economical dimension directly by transportation & improve quality of life for the community.

“A great building must begin with the immeasurable, must go through measurable means when it is being designed, and in the end must be unmeasured.” – Louis Kahn

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similar ideas of the proposed project.

- 4 International.

- 1 Regional - 2 Local.

CHAPTER VI Case Studies

6.0 Helsinki South Harbor, Heisinki , Finland The targeted Functions and spaces in this case study to the Fishing logistic center is the integration between the mentioned zones Location: Heisinki, Finland.

Architects: Maxwan Architects and Urbanists; Hiroki Matsuura and Macyauski Research and Design.

Client: Kirijava Satama Project Brief: Envisioned as the iconic gateway into the heart of the city that serves its tourists and travelers aesthetically and effectively. Its strong urban connection between the waterfront and the city has been simplified to efficiently activate Heisinki‟s South Harbor.

Program: The required terminals have been concentrated into one fluid and pristine envelope. The museum, tourist center, and market place has been redesigned to respond to its contextual adjacencies.

Contextual Analysis: Key:  Site Boundaries  Surroundings  Heisinki Residential Areas  Entrances ----- Main Roads

Site Constrains:

The importance of developing clear access to the site which is relatively attached to the community to the existing water point.

Figure 309

Figure 311

Figure 312

Figure 310

Figure 313

105 Figure 314

CHAPTER VI Case Studies

Figure 315

Recreation Analysis

Plan Analysis

Circulation Analysis

Figure 316

Circulation in Heisinki Harbor is characterized with simplicity and legibility entrances are marked as functions.

Figure 318

Figure 317

Figure 319

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Image:

Case Studies

Figure 321

Figure 320

The image was achieved successfully through the concept where the while building is carved. Also, the main elevation has the same image as the natural surrounding elements.

Economy, interaction and flexibility

Economical input

Flexibility

Social

Social

Figure 322

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6.1 ADB-ABU DHABI SHIP BUILDING,UAE The targeted Function and spaces in this case study to the Fishing logistic center is the cooperation with workshops t ship manufacturing and maintenance Location: Abu Dhabi , UAE Architects: UAE Government Project Brief: manufacturing and fixing all kind of ships whishes made by all the materials by having huge tanks can contain 85 m long and weight could reach 2000 ton Program: ADSB is planning to be the regionâ€&#x;s leading service provider for manufacturing and maintenance for all kind of ships that includes oil & gas industries

(Figure 323), ADSB ,Abu Dhabi , UAE

Contextual Analysis

4

Keys Site Boundaries Entrances Main Roads Surroundings

a

b

1

2

Site Constrains (Figure 324)

It has many components, including the availability of suitable land resources for ships industries . Due to these industries it mieght keep the bank busy because of the ships and effect on the motion of the marine in this area

a

3 (Figure 326), Mall

(Figure 325), Marine Entrance

1 (Figure 327), Beach house

b (Figure 328), Main Entrance

2 (Figure 329), Galvacoat for Galvanizing & lighting Poles

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Project zones

Closed Workshops Ships Workshops

Figure 330

Administration Transition Zone

Energy generators

6

1

4 2

5 Figure 331 Figure 332

1

2

3 Figure 333

6 Figure 335

5 Figure 336

Figure 334

4 Figure 337

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6.2 Glion Project in Kafr El Sheikh The targeted Function and spaces in this case study to the Fishing logistic center is the Processing fish and packaging it Location: Kafr El Sheikh Architects: Egyptian Military Project Brief: 4000 acres and 4000 basin pond for different species of fish Program: the first phase, the excavation of the basins and the canal, the construction of the bridges, the main and subways, the irrigation and drainage gates, the entrance and the outlet of the water on the Suez Canal, the water pumping stations, the power generators.

(Figure 338), Glion project in Kafr, El Sheikh

Contextual Analysis

1

b

Keys

d

a

Site Boundaries Entrances Main Roads Manors residential

Site Constrains

c

2 3

(Figure 339), Glion project in Kafr, El Sheikh Google map

It has many components, including the availability of suitable land resources for marine aquaculture. There are several sedimentation basins on the east bank of the Suez Canal. The availability of high quality saline water. a

b

c

d

(Figure 340), administration building

(Figure 341), project basins

(Figure 342), electric and water pumping stations

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Glion Project in Kafr El Sheikh

Project zones

4 3

1

2

Figure 343

Processing fish Packaging fish

Administration Water pumping

Basin 400 Power generation streets

1

4

3

Figure 344

2

111 Figure 345

Figure 346

CHAPTER VI Case Studies

6.3 Suez Harbor, Suez, Egypt The targeted Function and spaces in this case study to the Fishing logistic center is the cooperation with Research center and the market.

Project Name: Suez harbor Designer: General Authority of Red Sea Ports Location: Egypt Ground Area: 2314000 M2 Water area : 23976 M2 Total areas : 0.005 kilo meter square.

Depth of the navigation lane : 12m Figure 347

General information :

Suez Port The port is located at the northern end of the Gulf of Suez at the lateral entrance of the Suez Canal. It is bordered by the imaginary line extending from Ras Masala to Ras El Sadat. The area includes the northern coast to the entrance of the Suez Canal.

1 2 3 4 5

Suez Port Industrial Area Residential buildings

Site

Educational facility

2

1

3

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Consulate

4

Main roads

5 (Figure 348)

4

5 (Figure 349)

(Figure 350)

3 (Figure 351)

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Zoning: Storage Harbor Administration Market Research Center Plaza Figure 352

Design issues Security

Mood The surrounded mountains in front of the sea integrated with the working environment allows the user to have flexibility and relaxation and as an effect will be effective to society

The Suez port has many roads to secured, and its secured by many of Cameras and security place.it has many industrial Facilities that make the place secured But the most important way that is secured With is the military forces from all directions

Figure 354

Figure 353

There is the person

113 Figure 355

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Circulation Analysis Successful easy accessibility for the site from all the main roads and the secondary ones and from the sea

Image:

(Figure 357)

The image was achieved Successfully, where the whole Buildings are water front Water front Main street (kornesh )

Hotel

(Figure 358)

Flexibility Not achieved well In the project due to the long distances and mass distribution as a result it is hard make extension to the building due to the limited area and design

Land

Sea

(Figure 359)

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6.4 Marine Research Center Bali / AVP_arhitekti The targeted Function and spaces in this case study to the Fishing logistic center is the challenge to combine tradition and geographic characteristics of this island with the requested architectural assignment a Fishing research center Location: Bandag, Bali Island , Indonesia.

Architects: Croatian design team, AVP arhitekti.

Project Brief: Their proposal seeks to align the center with the elemental characteristics of Bali itself. a very famous traveling destination, is mostly known for its sunsets, beaches and beautiful coastline. Moreover, one of its most remarkable views are the impressive volcanoes within highland.

(Figure 360), Marine Research Center Bali, Indonesia

Contextual Analysis Keys

Sunterra Dam

Sudra Homestay

Site Boundaries Entrances Main Roads Surroundings Fisher men Village

Bali airport,

Clear network of the site very famous traveling destination, attached to the community and beautiful coastline.

Fishermen village

3

(Figure 362), View from fishermen village to sea

(Figure 363), LPD Sudra Homestay district

(Figure 364) View from near site Bali airport

(Figure 365) View from near site Bali airport

2

5

4

Site Constrains

1

3

1

6 2

(Figure 361), Marine Research Center Bali Google map, Indonesia

5

6

4

(Figure 366), View from Bali Mandra road

(Figure 367), Ji Bay Pass- Ngurah road

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CHAPTER VI Case Studies Marine Research Center Bali / AVP_arhitekti

Concept Shape in concept is to merge the sea and inland an interaction of both elements. The design is basically an interaction of solid and liquid, land and sea.

By cutting voids on the original building mass, we created several spaces which are filled naturally with water to accomplish the different functions requirements of the marine research center, and on the other hand, solid volumes were manifested in the above-sea level as tops of volcanoes, connected on the under-sea level.

`

(Figure 368), Marine Research Center Bali, Indonesia

The building also responds naturally to its environment : When the ocean is at its “high-tide phase”, the building submerges into the sea, being covered by water just letting see its four pyramidal volumes or “volcanoes”, but when at “low-tide phase”, the MRC emerges again from within the sea to welcome the air, sun and guests, thus becoming a building that interacts with this natural process.

Low-tide phase

air, sun & guests

High-tide phase

(Figure 369), Longitudinal section showing solid and void of project

volcanoes

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CHAPTER VI Case Studies

Marine Research Center Bali / AVP_arhitekti

Zoning and Circulation: 23

24

2 6

2 2

+6m

Entrances Vertical Circulation Horizontal circulations

6 15

2 0

14

8

18

+3m

Main Entrance 0 level 6

13 6

4

1 1

12

3

8

1 1

+0m 6

5

7

9

1

3 8

-3m 6

5

4

6

(Figure 370)

Scientistâ€&#x;s circulation is accomplished through corridors on level -6, 0 and -10, 0. Thus, the scientist have direct access to all areas of the MRC without interfering with the public communication.

Plan Keys

1 0

4

The main access is at the 0,00 (above-sea level)

3

2

1

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Scientists Bed rooms Gym Aquatic Garden Seawater Laboratories Viewing corridor Scuba diving Auditorium Storage Aquatic garden access 11. Bar 12. Pool technical room 13. Restroom facilities

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

Freshwater pool Kitchen Dinning room area Gallery Seawater Entrance Entrance room Dock and control Internet and TV room Living room Library Command control room

-6m (Figure 371), Marine Research Center Bali, Indonesia Aquatic garden Auditorium Gallery Entrance room

Rest room facilities Freshwater pool

Seawater

Pool technical room

Corridors Gym

Scientists Bed rooms

Laboratories -6m (Figure 372),Section zones Marine Research Center Bali, Indonesia

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CHAPTER VI Case Studies

Interaction: All level of project are interacted together which the main access through platform where we generated an open square with a glass floor for the public to enjoy, gather and observe the building and its surroundings. Then, visitors continue towards the auditorium ,then receiving a welcoming lecture that introduces them to the work within the MRC. Visitors are then directed towards an enclosed corridor with overhead view to observe the scientists within their laboratories. Eventually, they are free to visit the cafe and restroom facilities

(Figure 373 and 374), Section , plan zones in Marine Research Center Bali, Indonesia

Security:

Maximum security was successfully achieved through using defined entrance with private entrance room secured well to entire project.

Figure 375

Figure 376

Below sea level secured (Aquatic Garden)

Figure 377

• secured spaces due to the solid and void

Visibility: Visual permeability through the whole building toward water front is the main concept with the solid and void of mass.

(Figure 381) (Figure 378), Sea view, visibility of the project

(Figure 379 and 380), side and sea view, visibility of the project

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CHAPTER VI Case Studies

Marine Research Center Bali / AVP_arhitekti

Audibility: Sound absorbents for fishermen village and airport like green areas. Water front absorbs noise which gives beautiful sound and interaction with the project, as well as insulating the project fro noise of commercial area.

Interior design of building in auditorium, ambient system used in theaters to ensure the flow of sound to every seat in the hall.

(Figure 382 and 383), Auditorium room using ambient system

Green area Fishermen village MRC Project

Sustainability: The concept of sustainability is present with the possibility of reducing energy consumption , the use of latest technology in solar facades, natural ventilation and lightning (above water), management of waste and water recycling systems. All this towards the achievement of a building that responds not only in terms of architectural shape and design,

Solar facades

ventilation

lightning (Figure 384), Sea view, visibility of the project

(Figure 385), management of waste and water recycling systems

The project works in balance with its natural environment.

Mood: The use of the adequate materials plays an essential role within the idea of creating a symbolic landmark, which in this particular case is achieved by using regional craft motifs, colors and textures characteristic for island of Bali.

(Figure 386), view toward the project mood of the project

Conclusion: Consisted basically in grouping all the functions within the MRC – semipublic, public, and private – and sort them horizontally throughout the building. The result is a basic division of 3 equal areas which at the same time define the structural grid.

(Figure 387)

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CHAPTER VI Case Studies

6.5 Keelung Harbor Service Building, Keelung, Taiwan The targeted Functions and spaces in this case study to the Fishing logistic center is the integration between the mentioned spaces Project Name: Keelung Harbor Competition Entry Designer: PAR (Platform for Architecture +Research) and SES (Sériés et Sériés).

Location: Keelung, Taiwan.

Area: 120,000 M2 Budget: 221Million USA

(Figure 388)

General introduction :

Keelung Harbor Service Building Entry The recent harbor undertaking is solely certain piece of a large green network as links commons start house with waterfront amenities in the course of the city. Keelung is a gateway so much through its history, climate and the customs concerning its inhabitants, is predestined in accordance with fulfill usage on its exterior space. The project form, together with the lighting, aims to provide a dramatic entry experience to Taiwan from both the sea and the city of Keelung.

Contextual Analysis : Orientation of the site

1 2 3

Zhuputan place of worship Zhongzheng Park Residential buildings 3

Entrances

1 2

Main road

Figure 217

(Figure 389)

3

2

4

(Figure 390) show the residential area (Figure 391) show the project inside

(Figure 392) Zhongzheng Park

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CHAPTER VI Case Studies

Zoning Administration Cargo warehouse Research center Marine plaza Storage Markets

Design issues

(Figure 393)

Mood:

Circulation Analysis The new harbor project is only one piece in a larger green network that links public open space with waterfront amenities throughout the city.

The huge free space has a relation between the masses and the green areas. The orientation is between the sea and land. The buildings broadest facades dematerialize into reflections of water or sky.

You are here

(Figure 395) How is mood look like is reflection at the night

Departures Arrivals Vertical circulation

(Figure 394)

Bus terminal Cargo Control area

(Figure 396) The interior mood is greatness of the mass and lighted by skylight .

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CHAPTER VI Case Studies

Security: The harbor has many entrances that are secured with camera.

The entrances also have securities.

Main entrance

(Figure 397)

Interaction The new harbor project has many markets that make it an easy interaction for people to move through a building.

Flexible to move

Markets

Image (Figure 398)

The high mass reflect on the image of the building that shows the importance of the function that provide it to this society integrated with the landscape and central plaza for luxury and sociological impact of the user

Elevated tower volume On landsea Axis

• • (Figure 399)

South tower to zhongshan street

• •

Angled tower volume Prism creates passage Reflects sea into site For public plaza

North tower with Harbor overview (Figure 400)

A continuous urban Landscape connects The water edge to the green network

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CHAPTER VI

6.6 Aquatic Rwsiliency , NYC, USA

Case Studies

The targeted Function and spaces in this case study to the Fishing logistic center is Aquatic Zones and design

Contextual Analysis:

(Figure 401, 402, 403, and 404)

Site Constrains:

High building surround the buildings from all sides

Concept: This proposal seeks to challenge charges in cultural and ecological climates.due to the expectations for flood could happen to this area

(Figure 406)

(Figure 405)

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CHAPTER VI Case Studies

(Figure 407)

Plan Analysis

(Figure 408)

124

CHAPTER VI Case Studies

(Figure 409)

The interior have a many different effects on the user from the curves and the sea life and colors which gives peace and (Figure 410 and 411) relaxation

125

CHAPTER VI Case Studies

• Helsinki South Harbor, Heisinki , Finland Learned lessons Fishing Logistic Center The design of the space provide the functional circulation Create spaces for interactions Provide the opportunity for the people to participate in economical approach of the project

Relation to the project Create the spaces that give the opportunity to the people to participate and rise their economical state and to be integrated with the circulation to create the needed interaction

• Keelung Harbor Service Building Learned lessons The mass reflect the image of the importance of the function that building provide it to this society The interior mood show the greatness of the mass and lighted by skylight The integration between the vertical circulation and the horizontal

Fishing Logistic Center Relation to the project How important the form of the mass and the technical features the interior provide in the project integrated with the environmental studies without effecting the circulation in its all direction

• Marine Research Center Bali / AVP_arhitekti Learned lessons Maximum security was successfully achieved through using defined entrance with private entrance room secured well to entire project

The maxim sustainable solutions to serve the building needs Create the identity based on the landmarks surrounding the building

Fishing Logistic Center Relation to the project Security is an important design issue that has to be solved by controlling the entrances and technological equipment needed . And the maximum solutions to the environmental issues that facing the project. Finally the most important thing the project has to be reflecting 128 the identity of the existing society

CHAPTER VI

ADSB,Abu Dhabi,UAE Learned lessons Separating public and services entrance from worker and public users Arranged ways of ships circulation inside the space The project is divided into 3 main zones Closed workshops , open Workshops, and industrial area, so we can learn how zones are organized with each other &how they service project

Case Studies

Fishing Logistic Center Relation to the project Important to make a project comes out from the identity of the place and will serve it with professional skills Combine all facilities in one place and take benefit from the site for trade shipping form the industrial areas with solving unemployment in the society of Al Max.

Suez Harbor ,Suez, Egypt Suez Harbor ,Suez, Egypt Learned lessons Fishing Logistic Center Simplicity of inner circulation & entry of ships but in same time secured.

Place the building in center of the harbor so its functions to be easy done.

The idea of international trade happened each have specific administration and how it have good impact on Egypt's economy.

Relation to the project Serve national economy of Egypt with creating boned with middle east , Europe and Asia like in our site.

How they deal with the environmental condition with constructing mass plan as we will make the same for preventing tornado , water floods and minimize the humidity by air diffusion.

Aquatic Rwsiliency , NYC, USA Learned lessons How they make the mass building & landscape deal with rising sea level.

Fishing Logistic Center Relation to the project

Visibility of mass building on the high building surrounded the site by making its with different but coming from site.

Attract current community and tourist toward the project by using the identity of the regional area aqua cultural as can do at Al max.

Making the interaction point of the project toward water front using natural water and aquatic cultural in his benefit as a touristic & economical approach

Make a new landmark for the place with huge building surround as on our project the industrial area how making it unique and have identity for the place

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CHAPTER VI Case Studies

Glion Project in Kafr El Sheikh,Egypt Fishing Logistic Center Learned lessons Ensure the technical systems to the specific spaces like irrigation systems and storing The project is divided into 3 main phases the excavation , irrigation and drainage gates, and the entrance and the outlet of the water on the Suez Canal, the water pumping stations

Relation to the project Important to make a project comes out from the identity of the place and will serve it with professional skills By using the participation of these fishermen to store and processing the fishes and packaging their goods

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Chapter VII

Sustainability

Sustainability 2 main pillars • LEED • BREAM

CHAPTER VII Sustainability

7.0 Sustainability “Sustainable development is the pathway to the future we want for all. It offers a framework to generate economic growth, achieve social justice, exercise environmental stewardship and strengthen governance.�

-Ban Ki Moon-

Definition:

The ability of something to remain different and productive, or means and methods achieved to avoid running-out of natural resources in order to keep the ecological balance.

Architectural definition:

Suitable and efficient use of materials and energy in buildings in order to minimize its negative impact on the environment

Sustainable development:

Economic development that is conducted without the reduction of natural resources.

Figure 412

The main three categories of sustainability:

Environmental sustainability

social sustainability

Economic sustainability

Figure 413

Figure 414

Figure 415

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CHAPTER VII Sustainability

7.1 Social sustainability: Definition: It is the development of the community and the

quality of life for people, now and in the future. It combines the design of the physical environment with a focus on how the people who lives in and uses a space relates to each other and function as a community Architectural definition: It is a process which is linked to the places which affects comfort, it includes what people needs in the place of living or working environment.

Pointers that leads to a socially accepted society:

- The feeling of the residents towards each other, and the sense of place in the community.

- Community sharing.

- Green design features.

- Proximity to business and employment

Social sustainability

Cultural exchange

Who creates social sustainability?

-

Local government.

Community.

Interaction activities

Traditional events

(Figure 417), social sustainability

7.2 Economic sustainability:

Definition: It is the preservation of the capital, not only moneywise but also natural capital. Keeping the capital intact means the consumption of the added income with no change the capital.

Architectural definition: According to Nihad, S.(2011), it could be obtained through urban planning, architectural designs and elements.

Economic sustainability assesses various plans for:

Best financial value

Eco. sustainability

Craft ship improvement

Maintenance

High quality products

Stimulating the eco. cycle

Expected life span

Selling products

(Figure 418 ), Economic sustainability assesses various plans

Fund the projects continuity

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CHAPTER VII Sustainability

7.3 Environmental sustainability: Interaction with the environment to allow keeping the environmental quality and avoid the over consumption of natural resources. It aims the reduction of the negative impact of buildings on the environment.

Definition: Sustainable environment is something related to the natural resources such as fuels, soil, water, wind..etc.

(Goodland sustainability) Architectural definition: The negative environmental impact of building materials, energy and development space and minimize employees productivity and saving architecture with the use of the ecosystem.

(Goodland sustainability)

Aspects of environmental sustainability: Passive cooling: Natural methods used to control the environment without using mechanical apparatus, consists of: - Courtyards.

- Natural ventilation - Aperture for cooling - Shading.

- Earth air tunnels - Wind towers

(Figure 419) slide share, thermal mass flooring , environmental sustainability (2017)

Indoor air quality improvement: • Visual comfort: Lighting the space (artificial and natural).

• Air quality: t depends on number of space users, function of the space and types of activities will be held in it.

• Air humidity level: Below 30% lead to drying out and irritations of the eyes and air ways. above 70% can cause mold through condensation.

Energy: Design elements such as doubleglazed windows for insulation, roof vents that allow hot air to escape, window shading, a light colored roof to reflect heat and a hot water system located as close as possible to areas where hot water is needed can all improve a building‟s energy efficiency.

(Figure 422), Indoor air quality improvement

Energy efficiency:

Producing energy – efficient building by: - Minimizing buildings need for energy.

- Using renewable energy sources.

- Using suitable technical systems.

(Figure 423) (Figure 424), sustainable development lecture

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CHAPTER VII Sustainability

Landscaping & site impact

Effective landscaping involves working with rather than against a buildingâ€&#x;s natural surrounds for example, retaining existing vegetation, landscaping in a way that requires minimal maintenance and water and creating an environment that allows local plants and wildlife to flourish.

Health & comfort The people living or working in a

sustainable building should feel comfortable there, which means having access to an appropriate amount of space, privacy, ventilation and natural light.

(Figure 425), sustainable development lecture

(Figure 426)

Water conservation: (Figure 427), sustainable development lecture

Grey water use: Water taken from the sewage system to be reused in irrigation, toilet flushing, and cleaning purposes.

Basic guidelines for using grey water: 1. Donâ€&#x;t store it more than 24 hours.

2. No direct interaction between grey water, humans & animals.

3. Infiltrate it into the ground.

4. Keep the system as simple as possible.

5. Match the amount of greywater the landscape will receive with their irrigation needs (Figure 428), Grey water installation

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CHAPTER VII Sustainability

Solar energy: Solar panels :

A panel that absorbs solar energy and converts it to electricity or heaters Types of Solar panels : • Amorphous silicon (a-Si) • Cadmium telluride (CdTe) • Copper indium gallium selenide (CIS/CIGS) • Organic photovoltaic cells (OPC) Organic photovoltaic cells (OPC):

(Figure 429)

• A natural solar panel device or natural photovoltaic units is a class of sunpowered cell that employments conductive natural polymers to light absorption and transform transport.

• PV cells are created beside layers of semi-conducting material, normally silicon.

Why • • • • • •

Availability in Egypt Saves energy and money Easily installed sufficient materials.

Produced locally Roll to roll production

Efficiency

(Figure 430)

• Short energy payback times and low environmental impact during manufacturing and operations • Low weight and flexibility of the PV modules.

• Long term energy production.

• The highest efficiency commercial solar panels offer efficiencies of up to 20%.

(Figure 431)

136

CHAPTER VII

Environmental-Social

Sustainability

The mixing of environmental and social parts of sustainability manages how we cooperate with our condition. This can incorporate how we design and plan our homes and urban communities, how we deal with the assets we have accessible to us, and the ways we collaborate with the earth. We additionally need to fight with the normal examples of nature and how they can influence us. Drought, out of control fires and dangers of tropical storms and flooding should be considered when arranging new development projects.

Environmental-Economic

(Figure 432)

With regards to taking a look at how environmental and economic communicate, we have to take a look at both how financial matters influences the earth and how the earth influences financial aspects. Environmentally well disposed items are winding up more typical, making it less demanding to buy merchandise with less bundling, cleaners that are less unsafe to us and our condition and sustenance's that are developed in ways that are better for nature. Be that as it may, petroleum products are getting to be noticeably harder to stop by, and the cost to buy refined energizes will turn out to be more costly over the long haul. Organizations are searching for methods for outfitting sustainable wellsprings of vitality and in time, these will turn out to be more typical and more affordable. We have to create approaches to keep up positive monetary advancement that can bolster itself without contrarily affecting the earth.

Social-Economic : The cover amongst social and financial angles manages reasonable and impartial treatment of individuals all over the place. Buying reasonable exchange products, where the cultivators get a decent wage for offering their harvests, is an approach to give individuals in creating territories of the world an opportunity to acquire a superior life. Boycotting organizations who have a negative natural reputation can send a solid message that can bring about positive change. Supporting nearby organizations helps your companions and neighbors and can keep cash in your neighborhood economy. In like manner, some expansive organizations work to ensure the earth and bolster groups far and wide with gifts and social advancement programs while giving work to individuals everywhere throughout the nation or even the world over.

Where the Three Meet Sustainability is comprised of every one of the three aspects, environmental, social and economic,, meet. Endeavoring to purchase only naturally developed reasonable exchange products is praiseworthy, yet in the event that you can't bear to do as such, it's not financially feasible.

137

CHAPTER VII Sustainability

7.4 LEED Definition: LEED, or Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, it is the

generally used worldwide green building rating system. It is attainable for all types of buildings. LEED provides a system to create healthy, highly efficient and costsaving green buildings.

LEED categories: • • • • • •

New construction.

Existing buildings.

Commercial interior.

Core & shell.

Home.

Neighborhood development.

(Figure 4433 ), led certifications

LEED rate: • • • • • • • • • •

certified 32 – 39 Silver 40 – 47.

Gold 48 – 59.

Platinum 60 – 80.

Sustainable site 21 point.

Water efficiency 11 points.

Indoor ecological value 17 points.

Energy & atmosphere 37 points.

Materials & resources 14 points.

Innovation 4 points bonus

(Figure 4434), U.S LEED building council diagram

7.5 Sustainability criteria for LEED: Point

Definition

Construction indoor air quality management plan – during construction

To reduce indoor air quality (IAQ) problems resulting from construction or renovation and promote the comfort and well-being of construction workers and building occupants.

Construction indoor air quality management plan – before occupancy

To reduce indoor air quality (IAQ) problems resulting from construction or renovation to promote the comfort and well-being of construction workers and building occupants.

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CHAPTER VII Sustainability

6.4 Sustainability criteria for LEED: Point

Definition

Low-emitting materials – adhesives and sealants

To reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that is odorous, irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and wellbeing of installers and occupants.

Low-emitting materials – paints and coatings

To reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that is odorous, irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and wellbeing of installers and occupants.

Controllability of systems – lighting

To provide a high level of lighting system control by individual occupants or groups in multi-occupant spaces (e.g. classrooms and conference areas) and promote their productivity, comfort and well-being.

Thermal comfort – design

To provide a comfortable thermal environment that promotes occupant productivity and well-being.

Daylight and views – daylight

To provide building occupants with a connection between indoor spaces and the outdoors through the introduction of daylight and views into the regularly occupied areas of the building.

(Table 14)

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CHAPTER VII Sustainability

Point

Definition

Construction activity pollution prevention

To decrease pollution from construction activities by controlling soil, waterway and dust generation.

Site selection

To avoid the development of inappropriate sites and reduce the environmental impact from the location of a building on a site.

Development density and community connectivity

To channel development to urban areas with existing infrastructure, protect green fields, and preserve habitat and natural resources.

Brownfield redevelopment

To rehabilitate damaged sites where development is complicated by environmental contamination and to reduce pressure on undeveloped land.

Alternative transportation – Public transportation access

To reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use.

Alternative transportation – Bicycle storage and changing rooms

To reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use.

Alternative transportation – Low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles

To reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use.

Alternative transportation – Parking capacity

To reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use.

Site development – Protect or restore habitat

To conserve existing natural areas and restore damaged areas to provide habitat and promote biodiversity.

Site development – Maximize open space

To Provide a high ratio of open space to development footprint.

Storm-water design – Quantity control

To limit disruption of natural hydrology by reducing impervious cover, increasing onsite infiltration, reducing or eliminating pollution from storm-water run-off and eliminating contaminants.

Storm-water design – Quality control

To limit disruption and pollution of natural water flows by managing 140 storm-water run-off.

(Table 6)

CHAPTER VII Sustainability

Point

Definition

Light pollution reduction

To minimize light trespass from the building and site, reduce sky-glow to increase night sky access, improve nighttime visibility through glare reduction and reduce development impact from lighting on nocturnal environments.

Water use reduction

To increase water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on municipal water supply and wastewater systems.

Water efficient landscaping

To limit or eliminate the use of potable water or other natural surface or subsurface water resources available on or near the project site for landscape irrigation.

Innovative wastewater technologies

To reduce wastewater generation and potable water demand while increasing the local aquifer recharge.

Water use reduction

To further increase water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on municipal water supply and wastewater systems.

Minimum energy performance

To establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the proposed building and systems to reduce environmental and economic impacts associated with excessive energy use.

Optimize energy performance

To achieve increasing levels of energy performance beyond the prerequisite standard to reduce environmental and economic impacts associated with excessive energy use.

On-site renewable energy

To encourage and recognize increasing levels of on-site renewable energy selfsupply to reduce environmental and economic impacts associated with fossil fuel energy use.

Enhanced commissioning

To begin the commissioning process early in the design process and execute additional activities after systems performance verification is completed.

Site development – Maximize open space

To Provide a high ratio of open space to development footprint.

141

(Table 7)

CHAPTER VII Sustainability

Point

Definition

Measurement and verification

To provide for the ongoing accountability of building energy consumption over time.

Green power

To encourage the development and use of grid-source, renewable energy technologies on a net zero pollution basis.

Storage and collection of recyclables

To facilitate the reduction of waste generated by building occupants that is hauled to and disposed of in landfills.

Building reuse – maintain existing walls, floors and roof

To extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retain cultural resources, reduce waste and reduce environmental impacts of new buildings as they relate to material manufacturing and transport.

Building reuse – maintain interior nonstructural elements

To extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retain cultural resources, reduce waste and reduce environmental impacts of new buildings as they relate to material manufacturing and transport.

Construction waste management

To divert construction and demolition debris from disposal in landfills and incineration facilities. Redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process and reusable materials to appropriate sites.

Materials reuse

To reuse building materials and products to reduce demand for virgin materials and reduce waste, thereby lessening impacts associated with the extraction and processing of virgin resources.

Regional materials

To increase demand for building materials and products that are extracted and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting the use of indigenous resources and reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation.

Increased ventilation

To provide additional outdoor air ventilation to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) and promote occupant comfort, well-being and productivity.

142

(Table 8)

CHAPTER VII Sustainability

7.5 BREEAM Definition BREEAM is the world‟s leading sustainability assessment method for master planning projects, infrastructure and buildings. It recognizes and reflects the esteem in higher preforming recourses over the built environment lifecycle, from new development to in-use and restoration.

BREEAM categories: • Energy • Health care • Innovation

(Figure 436)

• Materials • Pollution • Management

• Transport • Waste • Water (Figure 436)

(Figure 437), BAREEM rating (Figure 438)

BREEAM categories Energy Sub metering of substantial energy uses, efficient External lighting Energy Sub metering of tenancy & high energy load areas Reduction of CO2 Emissions

Energy Reductio n of Co2 Emission.

Transport Public transport Cyclist facilities Pedestria n and cyclist safety

Health/wellbeing High frequency Lighting Internal & External Lighting Levels View out Volatile Organic Compounds Thermal comfort Indoor air quality

Health/w ellbeing Day lighting Drinking water

Waste Recyclable waste Storage including catering waste Recycling aggregates

Transport Cyclists Facilities

Materials Designing for Robustness Materials Materials space (green guide ) Responsibly Sourced materials and Insulation

Management Development as a Learning Resource ,shared facilities Ecology Ecological Value of site Protection of Ecological

features

Ecology Mitigating Ecological Impacts Reuse of land

Water Water Sub metering

Water Low water use Fittings: low flow Showers 4/6 liter Wcs And Mains water Meters

Water Major water Leak detection

( figure 440 ), Bream categories

Pollution Noise Attenuation Low Nox Heat Source Flood Risk Attenuation Preventing Refrigerant leaks

143

CHAPTER VII Sustainability

Type of buildings that can be assessed using the BREEAM Sector

Building type

Description

Commercial

‎Offices

General offices buildings ‎Offices with research

‎Industrial

Industrial unit-warehouse storage/distribution Industrial unit-process/manufacturing/vehide ‎servicing

‎Retail

shopping Centre.

Retail park.

Showroom Restaurant, café.

‎education

Pre-school School and sixth from collage Further education/vocational colleges ‎Higher education institutions

‎healthcare

Teaching/specialist hospitals General acute hospitals. ‎Community and mental health hospitals.

‎prisons

High security prison.

Standard secured prison.

Young offender institution and juvenile prisons.

Local prison.

Holding Centre.

‎Low courts

Low courts.

Crown and criminal courts.

County courts.

Magistrates courts.

Civil justice Centre's. ‎Family courts.

Public(nonhousing)

(Table 9)

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CHAPTER VII Sustainability

Type of buildings that can be assessed using the BREEAM Sector

Building type

Description

Multi-residential accommodation/Sup ported living facility2

Residential institutions(long ‎term stay)

Residential care home.

Residential college/school (halls of residence).

Local authority secure residential accommodation. ‎Military barracks.

Other

Residential institutions(short ‎term stay)

Hotel, hostel, boarding and guest house.

Secure training Centre. ‎Residential training Centre

Non residential ‎institutions

Gallery , museum.

Library.

Center, hall/civic center /community Centre. ‎Place of workshop

Assembly and ‎leisure

Cinema.

Theatre hall and music hall.

Exhibitionand conference hall. ‎Indoor or outdoor sports.

‎Other

Transport hub (coach/bus station) Research and development (category 2 or 3 laboratories‎non-higher education). .

(Table 10)

As a conclusion the type of buildings that can be assessed using the BREEAM in project is a commercial and health care.

Use BREEAM in Reduction of CO2 Emissions to save energy, Public transport, Cyclist facilities for fishermen for flexible move in their village , Recyclable waste Storage including catering waste and water recycling to use it for landscape area.

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Chapter VIII

Project program & standards

The project components & their standards

CHAPTER VIII

Project Program

8.0 Project Program: Proposed services / activities for Fishing logistic center

Commercial sector

workshops

Admirations , logistic service

Aquarium

Facilities

The fishing industry includes any industry or activity concerned with taking, culturing, processing, storing, transporting, selling fish or fish products. It will help the fishermen improve their craft and maintain their boats and produce the fishing equipment with a small learning zone. They can make use of manufacturing zone as a touristic zone.

Definitions : The commercial sector A small place used for the trade in and sale of fish and other seafood, trade between fishermen and fish merchants. • Fish processing which produce the fish products • Marketing of the fish products & equipment.

Recreational sector ( workshops ) The recreational fishing industry consists of enterprises such as the manufacture and retailing of fishing tackle, rod, arrows and apparel, the payment of license fees to regulatory authorities, and the design and building of recreational fishing boats.

Maintenance workshop Workshops for maintaining the deteriorated and damaged boats from climatic or from salt water, contains equipment's and boats parking .

Educational workshop Educational zones for the community to learn how to manufacturing the nets, boats, trickles, and learning how to store & pack fishes for marketing.

Administration , logistic services & monitoring Managing the commercial zone with the recreational sector, logistic services for fishing boats and monitoring weather forecasting and level of sea waves.

Aquarium zone For touristic approach, small tank combine different kind of fisher and sea food.

Facilities: Something designed, built, installed, etc., to serve a specific function affording a convenience or service: transportation facilities; a rest room, especially one for use by the public, as in restaurant.

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8.1 Project Areas: Main Component The commercial sector 700 m²

Recreational sector (workshops ) 510 m²

Maintenance workshop 795 m²

Educational workshop 470 m²

Zones

No.

Area

Manger office Fish Processing Fish Packaging Cooling storages Market Parking for transporting Toilets cafeteria

1 2 2 1 1 1

30m² 100 m² 100 m² 50 m² 300 m² 50 m²

2 1

30 m² 40 m²

• Manufacturing fishing equipment • Canvas manufacturing • Building recreational fishing boats zones • license fees room for recreational boats • Small Cafeteria • Toilets

2

100m²

1

80 m²

2

200 m²

1

80 m²

1 2

20 m² 30 m²

• Reception hall • Fees & customer service room • Control room • Fishing boats zone • Fishing equipment's zone • Boats motors zone • Canvas zone • Small Cafeteria • Toilets

1 1

70m²‎ 30m²

1 2 1

25m² 350 m² 80 m²

1 1 1 2

100 m² 80 m² 30 m² 30 m²

• Manger room • Staff room • Insulation fishing tools rooms • Navigation learning room • Manufacturing fishing equipment's • Repairing jam room • Small Cafeteria • Toilets

1 1 3

30 m2 35m2 50 m2

1

80 m²

1

200 m²

1 1 2

300 m² 15 m² 30 m²

• • • • • • • •

(Table 11)

Description Storing , processing fishes and seafood's, with storing it for market or packing it for transportation.

Space manufacturing fishing tools , recreational for seeing it how them made, with building small recreational boats Workshop divides to small sectors for fishing equipment's, boats , motors, and near to the shore

Lectures room with technical learning room for production , maintenance and boats navigation .

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8.1 Project Areas: Main Component Administration , logistic services & monitoring 550 m²

Aquarium zone 420m²

Zones

No.

Area

Lobby Manger Administrative offices Logistic offices Conference rooms Paper storage room Financial flow room License flow room Communication room Security room Atria ( social gathering space) • It room • cafeteria • Toilets

1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1

50 m² 35 m² 50 m² 60 m² 60 m² 20 m² 80 m² 30 m² 30 m²

1 1

30 m² 50 m²

1 2 2

15 m² 40 m² 30 m²

lobby Control room Fish tanks zone Responsible of fishes service room Water tank services room Exchange water control Fees room Toilets cafeteria

1 1 1 1

80 m² 25 m² 100m² 25 m²

1

20 m²

2

15 m²

1 2 1

25 m² 30 m² 100 m²

• Security Control Center • Fire Command Center • Maintenance project control • Emergency clinic • Boats Garage • Private parking • Public parking

2

30 m²

2

35 m²

1

20 m²

3 1 1 1

35 m² 800 m² 200 m² 500 m²

• • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • •

Facilities 1620 m²

Description Project magnet with the commercial sector of marketing , logistic services for fishing boats, Giving fishing licenses zone, with controlling the financial flow

A touristic zone showing the aqua culture of al max in fish tank

The project facilities provide to keep and prevent any damages and services for staff and fishermen

Total area : 5065 m² (Table 12)

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CHAPTER VIII Standards

8.2 Standards:

Commercial sector

workshops

Admirations , logistic service

Facilities

Aquarium

Boats garage Mooring spaces for sailing and motor boats, allocate motor boats or 6 motor boats per hectare of water area. The depth of water in harbors and marinas depend on the types of boats require a depth of 1250mm, whereas fixed-keel boats need 40005000mm. Constant water levels are obviously preferable for safety of boats.

Fishing Boat parking bay

Between Jetty & mooring posts (Figure 443)

Between Jetty & Finger piers

Submerged caissons of prefabricated reinforced concrete units filled with sand (Figure 444)

open Keel boat

Dim. In port Humble (Figure 445)

Entrances and exits

Floating Jetty (Figure 446)

Keel Cruiser (Figure 447)

Entrances and exits have to be at least equal in W to the L of the mooring spaces for sailing boats, one and a half times the maximum boat length.

Consequently, the harbour should have a turning area, with a diameter of 3560m, behind the entrance.

Harbour in to the land (Figure 448 and 449)

Harbour in to the sea & in a bay`

Harbour with canal to the sea

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Garage boats for maintenance - Breakwater The construction of breakwaters, sea defences and landing stages, and the means of transport and storage for boats, have a fundamental influence on the type of use that can be made of the harbour or marina in different climatic conditions. As well as offering protection from waves, breakwaters (also called moles) also prevent the harbour from filling up with silt carried by the sea currents. Stone breakwaters are built either from natural stone boulders or pre-cast concrete. sheetpile walls are also commonly used. These are made from framed steel sections and have a life expectancy of 20-30 years. water berths 90-160 m2; land berths 100(Figure 450) Mole or dam section ( dimensions ) 200 m2. This gives a total area per boat is 200-360 m2.

Examples

(Figure 451)

Motorboat shore

storage Bracket rack system

Wide span racking depth 600 – 1110mm

Cable mast standard racking

(Figure 452)

Barrel racking for outdoor storage

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Handling for fish processing

(Figure 453), Pallets and attachments

Pallet boxes

(Figure 454)

,Hand trolleys

Maintenance - production workshops Maintenance workshop design for boat or project maintenance.

Maintenance area on land

Education workshops

Multiparous area

(Figure 460)

Maintenance on sea

(Figure 459)

Divided group

(Figure 461) Example for educational space

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Storage Warehouses are pan of the production process and material flow. Store unit-transport unit-production unit-dispatch unit for Large (roughly 1/2 of the total space of the store) of two-tonne fork-lift requires an aisle width of 3.45m.

Structure of high-bay stores : Steel structure (roof and walls of the store, as well as guide rails of the handling equipment). Reinforced concrete structure (shelving is flexibly mounted on concrete walls as longitudinal and trans-verse cross-beams) Advantages: greater stability, Possibility of fire compartments.

Self assembly steel Longitudinal transverse shelving shelving (Figure 462)

Wood or steel Shelving (Figure 463)

Different warehouse usage (Figure 464)

(Figure 466), Static assembly

(Figure 465), Classification of storage systems

(Figure 467), Dynamic assembly

A Stacking crane: permits stack height up to crane bridge. Five containers can be stacked. Stacking crane with mechanized load lifting device, which grips the containers, requires only narrow aisles (storage volume 250%). stacker can stack three containers on top of each other.

Centralized and decentralized storage

(Figure 468) Block store

(Figure 469), High bay store

(Figure 470), High rack store

(Figure 471), Push through rack store

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Commercial sector

workshops

Admirations , logistic service

Aquarium

Facilities

Admirations , logistic service Offices - plan Open-plan offices are suitable for large groups of employees with a nigh degree of division of labour. Separate offices are suitable for independent work requiring concentration, and also for multi occupant offices for very small groups constantly exchanging information.

• • • • • •

The average workstation floor area :12-15 m2. separate offices, minimum 8-10 m2 Open plan offices.: minimum 12-15 m2. work room: min. 8.00 m2 circulation space, min. 1.5 m2 per employee.

The floor-to-ceiling heights : up to 50 m2 2.50 m over 50 m2 2.75 m over 100m2 3.00 m Over 250 and up to 2000m2 3.25m

Example of ideal workstations

Space to receive a few guests

• • • • • • •

Office employee 4.50 m2 Secretary 6.70m2 Departmental manager 9.30 m2 Director 13.40 m2 Assistant vice president 18.50m2 Vice president 28.00 m2 The average depth of office space is 4.50-6.00m.

Minimum of two- person office

Horizontal work surface

Small room in a combined office (Figure. 376, 477, 478)

Technical study

(Figure 479), Heating Panels

Group office requirements (Figure , 473, 474, 475)

(Figure 480) wall heights

(Figure 481), Air conditioning with localized element cooling

(Figure 482), Control air to individual disk

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Offices - Furniture Desk measuring 140cm x 70cm x 74cm , the requirements include adjustable workstation height, protection against vibrations, a sound absorbent surface and foot rests with correct height. Chairs should be adjustable with Castors and upholstered seats and backs. Counters for transactions with a person standing on the other side are generally long, and should be 62cm uncle and approx. 90cm high . If a counter is only 30cm wide, its height Should be approx. 100cm.

Writing desk with drawers

Service counter with adjoining office or facing client

Computer desk with double retractable trays with stackable

(Figure , 483, 484,485) Offices - Examples The reversible office was an attempt to improve the open plan office system, which was felt to have many drawbacks for users. These Included no individual environmental or daylight control, and visual and acoustic disturbances. Larger areas were subdivided into separate offices, which are better for work requiring great concentration and greater flexibility. In addition, skyrocketing energy prices also cast doubt on the desirability of open-plan offices. made it possible to organize work in small groups. Group offices are suitable for teams of clerical workers who constantly exchange information.

(Figure 486), Division of space using modular desks

(Figure 488), Combined sales office of PPC Hellige, Stuttgart

(Figure 490), Principle sales office , Frankfurt

(Figure 487), Provincial , Central Bank of Hess, Frankfurt

(Figure 489), Open Plan office, Hamm Upper floor

(Figure 491), Combined office

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Meeting rooms Meeting place is for staff, government representatives, policies

(Figure 492 and 493)

Small meeting room: appropriate for both formal and in formal interaction, an enclosed meeting space for two to four persons.

(Figure 494 and 495)

Large meeting room: appropriate for formal interaction, an enclosed meeting space for five to twelve people

Seating capacities

Dimensions

Facilities

(Figure 496)

Small Aquarium zone

Fish Tank Sizes of 80 Gallon 72 1/2 x 24 1/2 x 25 5/8, Weight Empty and Full (lbs)2100, and Characteristics of transeparet huge glass on the wall contains available fishes for touristic approach.

Main tank and sea tube , 1500 foot long .

15 shark Touch pool

(Figure 497), Aquarium Sizes and Aspect Ratios

(Figure 498), Cleveland Aquarium ready

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Commercial sector

workshops

RAM Logistic

Aquarium

Facilities

Residential The reception area should be close to the rooms with short term one entry and exit point only. Rooms sized between 4m x4m and 5m x 5m, plus bath room and kitchen facilities. Provide central laundry

(Figure , 500, 501, 502, and 503)

Rooms open to one side

Dormitory with bed 75 x 170 cm

Kitchen Kitchen come to pass to be a residential character , it must be adjusting to a dinning hall, fit more than one sink a big storage for tools and foods to be attached to it with the windows sill 1.5m. Design has to be flexible to serve for efficient preparation of food easy to clean and well ventilated.

(Figure 504), Large kitchen dimensions

Fire Protection Sprinkle systems are system in which the pipeline network behind the wet alarm valve station. Deliver a spherical water distribution toward the ceiling and floor from umbrella sprinkles are connected at regular intervals, and it a self supporting .

(Figure 505 and 506), Dining area front the kitchen

(Figure 507)

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Dinning rooms The industry standard for adequate table room is 300 square inches per diner.

For example, for fast food and standard cafe dining, an average table dimension might be 30" X 42", or 1260 square inches.

(Figure 508)

(Figure 509)

Toilets A minimum distance of 15 inches is required from the centerline of a toilet and/or bidet to any bath fixture, wall, or other obstacle. Recommended: The size for a separate toilet compartment should be at least 36x66 inches with a swing-out or pocket door.

(Figure 510)

(Figure 511)

Clinic A minimum distance of a clinic 16â€&#x; x 11â€&#x; flexible for at least one or two bed with small pharmacy for emergency .

Needs to be easy access and near to critical area as harbor and workshops.

Market

(Figure 512)

It has to be available space for entrance and exit only one point, also full fill a refrigerated vegetables corner , stands, storage , check out minimum dimension for a mini market is 4 m x 8m.

(Figure 514)

(Figure 513)

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Market

Min 4m to 5m

Stepped window display

Check out position

Mobile window protective screen

Counter in a self service shop

(Figure 515)

Special needs circulation Maximum area access path 1.2- 1m wide, max. ramp inclination 5-7 „, with width equal 1.2 m and length 6m, corridor minimum width 1.3- 2m , and doors clear opening 0.95m minimum

(Figure 517)

Accessible route (Figure 516)

(Figure 518)

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Each and everyone in the group is explaining their idea and concept of the project.

CHAPTER IX

Individual work

“ Mariam Alaa Morsy” Project objectives: The main project idea is to connect the people of Al Max with the surrounding community, by making them interact with the people and by letting them know the value of the place they‟re living in, creating a new landmark for the place that symbolizes the community there, and raising the residents income by giving them a legal place to work in.

(Figure 519)

(Figure 520)

Concept objectives: The three concepts seeks one thing at the end which is residents, by doing a lot of things for example by using their local elements and materials and making them feel that this project belongs to them they are going to work in it.

(Figure 521)

(Figure 522)

(Figure 524)

(Figure 523)

161 (Figure 525)

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Concept Approaches: The three concepts seeks one thing at the end which is residents, by doing a lot of things for example by using their local elements and materials and making them feel that this project belongs to them they are going to work in it.

Social approach: Al-Max residents are totally isolated from the surrounding communities because of their aggressive behavior and that came from the conflict between them and between the government they do not feel safe anymore moreover most of the fishermen stopped fishing because of the license, so this project will open the community of Al-Max to the surroundings and their behavior will improve by time.

Economical approach: Raising their income through giving them the chance to fish and sell their products without anyone bugging them, moreover giving them the place to repair and build their boats and this will increase their life standard

Cultural approach: Al Max bay is one of the most beautiful places in Alexandria but it is losing its identity because of the factories that surrounded and destroyed the whole area and also because of the fishermen who stopped fishing so this project will help them to keep their identity and bring it back to life because they will do what they are born to do.

Functional Zoning :

162 (Figure 526), Bubble Diagram Illustrated by researcher(2017).

CHAPTER IX

Individual work

Concept I : Concept statement:

„ The round upâ€&#x;

The fishing net is something that al Max residents uses all the time and it symbolizes the collecting element because of its function which is fishing, the knot acts as the connecting point of the net, the concept is inspired from the function of the net which is uniting and collecting the people of al max together reflecting this in architecture by creating gathering zones for the different activities of the project and distributing the project functions considering the community behavior and needs.

(Figure 528) (Figure 527) (Figure 529)

(Figure 531) (Figure 530)

(Figure 532), Illustrated by researcher(2017).

(Figure 533), illustrated by researcher 2017

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Concept II :

„ The Struggleâ€&#x;

Concept statement: There is a conflict between the fishermen, the government and the investors in Al Max bay and it appears in the mass form, zones functions and their relations.

- Governmental Zone (Logistics).

- Fishermen Zone.

The concept is reflected in architecture in the form of zones trying to compete and go further so they overlap on each other.

(Figure 534)

(Figure 535)

(Figure 536)

(Figure 537), illustrated by researcher 2017

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Concept III :

„ Disassembleâ€&#x;

Concept statement: Due to the different functions of the building the aim of the concept is to break-up & divide the project into two parts, this will create two things, 1st the irregular and informal pattern that the fishermen are used to it coming from their scattered urban fabric and the irregular streets and pathways.

2nd due to the changes in peoples thinking through time they prefer disassembling huge objects into smaller parts. Moving between zones of different levels of complexity makes the users experience more exciting and satisfactory.

(Figure 538)

(Figure 539)

(Figure 541)

(Figure 542)

(Figure 540)

(Figure 543), illustrated by researcher 2017

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Sustainability How to apply in project?

To obtain economic sustainability in the project during the construction phase and life time, using careful planning for site, building design and using renewable energy in building which reduces the building cost.

Pavegen Tiles:

(Figure 544)

Walking over the pavegen tile, renewable energy is generated from the pressure of the footstep, and this pressure generates kinetic energy which is converted into electricity through pavegen technology.

Pavegen tiles could be used in outdoor spaces (pedestrians and in site vehicular streets) to power the outdoor lighting; it could also be used in indoor spaces to sustain energy inside the building.

(Figure 545)

(Figure 546)

(Figure 547)

Aqua-cell Grey water system: Due to the current water crisis in Egypt, one of the solutions to preserve water is the aqua cell grey water system categorizes the used water into black water (Solid wastes from toilets) and grey water (from basins, showers and clothes machines), where black water is non re-usable while grey water can be treated and re-used.

(Figure 548)

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Modern Mashrabyia: It is a wooden shading element that belongs to the Islamic architecture era, it was developed to suit in the 21st century.

It is flexible that it could be designed in different patterns to integrate with the projectâ€&#x;s theme.

(Figure 549)

(Figure 550)

(Figure 551)

(Figure 552)

Solar Sky Tunnel: A sustainable clean lighting element that provides natural lighting inside the building.

(Figure 553)

Hard ceiling

(Figure 554)

Suspended ceiling

(Figure 555)

Open ceiling

Smart Glass:

(Figure 556)

Eco switchable glass that controls privacy by turning the transparent glass to opaque by one touch; it also helps in making the building lighter because glass is weightless so it helps in creating a sustainable building.

(Figure 557)

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“ Mariam Wagdy Habib�

Project Objective: The main project idea is to let the citizens feel welcomed to a place that they can call home. Something that is significant but still something as simple as their life.

Concept Objectives: These concepts come from their own nature. It is mostly inspired by everything that revolves around them,.

Functional Zoning:

(Figure 558), Bubble Diagram Illustrated by researcher(2017).

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Sustainability Social Sustainability: Mainly aims to bring the community together and will serve itself.

1) Local materials will be the main materials used to get their surroundings exactly what they are used to live around.

(Figure 559) 2) Because fishing is their passion, this project will let them full fill their needs not only for their daily income, but also because they love what they do. They will show what they are capable of because they also build and saw their own boats and nets.

Environmental Sustainability: This project wont affect the environment because it will depend on recycling what they have around.

1) Recycling trees 2) Natural ventilation to prevent the humidity 3) Stop water pollution

(Figure 560)

Economic Sustainability: The objective for this project is to build different zero energy building techniques such as: 1)To control the sun oath for warmer winters

(Figure 562)

(Figure 561)

2) Double Skin Faรงade for nature ventilation

(Figure 563)

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Concept 1 “To see the unseen�

An existing lighthouse that is abandoned is sitting there with no use. People did not experience of looking through a glass window. I want everyone to know and feel what it is like to on top.

Inspiration:

(Figure 564)

This concept in inspired by an actual lighthouse that exists beside the land. A useful piece of form that no one has climbed up to see what it is like. I want everyone to see what is far away.

(Figure 566)

(Figure 565)

(Figure 567 and 568), Illustrated by researcher(2017).

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Concept 2 Crates: “Reuse, Reduce, Recycle�

Statement: Who would say that an everyday element can become a form? Crates are used by fishermen everyday to store and keep their fishes. Wooden crates are used to reduce the melting of ice and helps them in delivering fresher fish. This concept was inspired by a bunch of crates that are just put on the side.

(Figure 569)

(Figure 570)

Inspiration: Introducing new technology might not be acceptable due to their limited knowledge and wont be easily to get adjusted to, but while using their traditional methods, it will be accepted because they are used to them.

(Figure 571)

(Figure 572)

(Figure 573), Illustrated by researcher(2017).

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Concept 3 “Lets slope”

“There are always new places to go fishing. For any fishermen, there‟s always a new place, always a new horizon”(Jack Nicklaus) (Figure 574)

People around the world including Egyptian citizens don‟t know such a place exist. Therefore, we want to grab their attention. Al Max is known for the sea, fish and that almost every local only works as fishermen. They fish for living. Now, everyone has to know and appreciate the beauty.

(Figure 575)

The locals would like something to make them amused or fun. This is what we will give. Something fun and something that will grab their attention and will let them want to check it out.

(Figure 576 and 577), Illustrated by researcher(2017).

One of the important features of this building is that it has a shelter to prevent the hot heat. This will let the locals be safe from the sun and make them want to work.

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“ Manar Mahmoud” Vision: • My vision through this project is to rise with this building architecturally And use all potentials of natural recourses and developing this area through Its huge economical of fishing resources making it a way to improve there Lives as well.

Mission: (Figure 578)

Easy to access

• The mission is to help the economical state of this area and develop it by taking benefit of the surroundings which it used well would also make it one Of the most tourist visiting site developing the economical state of the country.

Objective:

Site selection

(Figure 579)

Next to fisherman village

• Developing the infrastructure of the area.

• Making a land mark in it which can make it a very important tourism site.

• Developing the income of the living people there.

• Getting new services into it.

• One of the main exporting docks for fish in the local market.

Al-Max sea

site Fishermen village

Researc h center

This diagram (Figure 580) shows the mission, vision and objective of my project as well as The economical beneficial of the site.

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Concept I

Keywords • • • • • • • •

cubic Interlocking Interference Shacks Random Extracting Unity Group

(Figure 581 and 582), Illustrated by researcher(2017)

Slogan : unite the randomness of the surrounding & including the variety How the shape of the shacks are random but the methods followed for fishing and transporting are the same.

Uniting the society of fishermen is most important to be demonstrated in the shape of the building that gathers them

(Figure 583 and 584), Illustrated by researcher(2017)

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Concept II Key words Fish fins Water Air dynamics Surface Waves Curves Bone structure Movement

(Figure 585 and 586), Illustrated by researcher(2017)

Slogan : dealing with the sea like fish do.

The body of the fish makes it compatible with the environment of the sea while dealing with various factors such as waves and pressure.

Bone structure and shape of the fish helps it to become sustainable and suitable with the environment .

(Figure 587), Illustrated by researcher(2017)

(Figure 588 and 589), Illustrated by researcher(2017)

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Concept III

Key words • • • • • • • • •

Containers Shipment Movement Rotation Cantilever Loading Distribution Falling water Lloyd wright

(Figure 590)

Slogan : the cantilever of the containers (Figure 591)

Containers are moved from the ship to the part in a way that make it _ if observed _give the indication of a rotational vectors.

While the cantilever is presented when mistakenly displacing the containers above each other. The shape in final presents both containers and it movement

(Figure 592)

(Figure 593), Illustrated by researcher(2017)

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Individual work

(Figure 594), Illustrated by researcher(2017)

177

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Sustainability studies Passive house: •

An approach providing buildings with a healthy + comfortable internal environment

•

Buildings that use very little energy for heating and cooling

•

Quality Assured, Provable and Certified system

•

Design and construction with a focus on every detail

(Figure 595)

-

Orientation - of building on site, overall plan and individual elements

-

Good insulation throughout

-

Draught-free construction

-

Efficient ventilation

Passive house criteria: • Passive house designs improve comfort of building users by ensuring: • Less than 2°C difference between 0.1 m and 1.1 m (ankle to neck level of a sitting person); • Less than 3°C difference between room temperature and any surface • No draughts: „air-tight‟ construction; ventilation air supply into room at very low speed; • Sufficient ventilation ensured to every space to control air quality – humidity, CO2 levels, etc.

• From research, the above aspects are all part of what produces sense of „comfort‟ in building users – and all are delivered by Passivhaus

(Figure 596)

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Technical studies:

Individual work

Electrochromic glass control sunlight to prevent glare and unwanted heat gain. They can provide these benefits without additional energy load.

Electrochromic glass, also known as smart glass or electronically switchable glass, is an innovative and modern building glass.

Electrochromic glass makes the users of the building control the amount of heat or light that passes through the glass by turn it on or of by Electrician key, giving them the ability to regulate temperatures or create privacy.

(Figure 598)

(Figure 597)

(Figure 599)

Solar water heating panels : It is tubes that depends on the sun and uses its heat to heat water instead rather than using electric heaters Sizing Collector Area It is to allow (2 square meters) of collector area for each of the first two members, and 12 to 14 square feet for each additional person.

Sizing Storage Volume A medium (80-gallon) storage tank works well for three to four people. A large tank (120- gallon) is appropriate for four to six people.

For active solar water-heating systems, the size of the solar storage tank increases with the size of the collector typically 1.5 gallons per square foot of collector.

(Figure 600)

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Water Recycling system The harvesting of rainwater simply involves the collection of water from surfaces on which rain falls, and subsequently storing this water for later use. Normally water is collected from the roofs of buildings and stored in rainwater tanks.

• Rainwater is a relatively clean and free source of water.

• Offers potential cost savings especially with rising water costs.

• Rainwater is friendly to landscape plants and gardens.

• It can also reduce or eliminate the use of treated drinking water for landscaping, toilet flushing & laundry washing.

(Figure 601)

(Figure 602)

Water used

Appliance

Water use

‎Dishwasher (Standard)

‎12 Gallons Per Load

‎Dishwasher (Efficient)

‎4.5 Gallons Per Load

‎Kitchen Sink

‎3 Gallons Per Minute of use

‎Bathroom Sink

‎2 Gallons Per Minute of use (Table 13)

Kitchen Sink: 3 Gallons Per Minute of use Per day = 8 hr. x 60 min = 480 min 480 min x 3 G/Min = 1440 G/Day Bathroom Sink: 2 Gallons Per Minute of use Per day = 8 hr. x 60 min = 480 min 480 min x 2 G/Min = 960 G/Day Dishwasher (Standard): 12 Gallons Per Load Dishwasher (Efficient): 4.5 Gallons Per Load

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Individual work

Nada Hatem Shams Vision The Proposed project of “ Fishermen Logistic Centre “ is to build organization required to allow Al Max Community to be aware that the harmonious environment is a source of productivity and well being.

The Project seeks to promote the well being and professional development in the performance of Fishermen Logistic Centre in the regional area” Al Max “ and mutual trust between all member of Al Max community.

(Figure 603)

(Figure 604)

Sustainability and climate protection on transport and logistic solution provided with friendly environment for services.

Ecological transformation approach toward sustainable development

Mission Seeking to build global network that improve shipping system and create synergies with economical scale by combining workshops & commercial support program.

The optimum way to generate the financial substance to support the development of Al Max community to meet the requirement of the quality of life, by offering them good quality of services and licenses.

Establish a win-win relationship with related industries cooperating with steel, salt and petrol industries for raising the fishing issues as in boats maintenance , nets production, fish market & storage the ocean counter shipping & benefits rate from the current ratio to better.

(Figure 606)

(Figure 607)

(Figure 608)

(Figure 609)

(Figure 610) Fig.611, Al Max community

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Objectives

The Project Promote to make value efficiency, quality of services, reliability, responsibility, continuous improvement, skill development and social responsibility on ethics.

Social approach By using fisher men in fishing craft, ships navigation and ships maintenance. Job chances not only for men but also for women in housework and packing , it help the growth of domestic income, therefore they can teach their kids and develop on the revival of Al Max community.

Economical dimensions Facilitate the process of fishing through the facilities the project provides as sell fish product and fishing tools with having touristic zone, consequently it help in the contribution of the national income, so it will increase the life standard of Al Max community.

(Figure 612)

(Figure 613)

Sustainable dimensions Adaptive building with environment applied with responsive & productive design deal with passive energy.

Safety dimensions Secure the navigation of ships and fisher men„s safety by making periodic ships repair and prevent any accidences for worker through the design.

Cultural & identity approach Draw attention for Al maxâ€&#x;s culture heritage and identity of Alex. Is Bride of the sea. With merging popular architectural features and motifs from Greek and ancient Egyptian architecture on Egypt.

182 Fig.614, Environment of Al Max

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Concept I Slogan:

Geo - Enlightenment

Keywords: Geographical relation – enlightenment development – progressive dynamic operation – interactive community – diffusion of land activities – aqua diamond core

Concept Statement: The Enlightenment Prism inspired from tower reflect the global geographical location “ Guiding light which diffuses from the Light Tower “ from the city toward international trading. It also projected to be fishermen logistic center for it‟s geographical location, which connect Alexandria with ( Europe, Asia and the Middle East ).

(Figure 615), Current Pharos

(Figure 616), Giza Pyramids

(Figure 617), old Pharos light tower

Concept I The Philosophy of the concept proposed through four connective axis projected toward the three integral ( Europe, Asia and the middle East ) united with the transmitting prism.

In which embraced with a diffused prism which give message of reflected light and give Ancient civilization image of Egypt and the region projected to control suppliers and reinforce the economy of the aqua resource of Al Max which can make a development interaction with the community. Therefore, the project could be a such a prototype of upgrading the transportation service, also respect the passive function. The functional concept of the ecological diffusion of natural light which is inspired from the neighborhood landmark“ Light Tower “.

(Figure 618), The seven spectrum prism

Alexandria

Middle East

(Figure 619), worldwide Map

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Concept deformations

(Figure 620) , sketch illustrated by researchers

Context Skyline Context Skyline

184 (Figure 621) , Context Skyline

Conceptual sketch of the project done by researcher

Conceptual sketch

Concept I

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Concept II Slogan: Keywords:

Means Of The Community

Aqua preservation – image of city - Preserve land identity – aquaculture ( interactive functions ) – reflection of community – tourism proportion Concept Statement: Means of the community inspired from Merging between activities of the community and Ecological resources present in building structure, by the method of embracing this images through the whole skeletal structure.

(Figure 622)

Concept II The collective image of the concept is integrate between the image of the city and their activities.

Applying them through the hierarchy of a bulk ship, merged with steel structure from the images of the industrial factories among site and reflect the image of fishing ships by proposed with an Eco-membrane with Tensile Fabric structure, which make the whole structure depend on passive energy.

(Figure , 624 625, 626)

Fig.627, ETFE, Entertainment Center

186 Fig.628 fishing boats , net

Fig.629 man holding fishing nets

Fig 630.sketch by researcher

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Conceptual deformation

(Figure 631), deformation sketch

(Figure 632), Conceptual sketch of the project done by researcher

Context Skyline

187 187 (Figure 633), Context Skyline

(Figure 634), Conceptual sketch done by researcher

Solar tube

Water wall + Eco- glass

Tensile membrane

Conceptual sketch

Concept II

Markets Souvenir retails

Workshops & classes

Logistic services

Aquatic museum

Seafood restaurant

Hollow gram show

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Concept III Slogan:

Eco- Civilized Maritime

Keywords: - Place identity - Ecological design - Fishermen suppliers - Education - Commercial markets - Touristic activation - insurance service

Concept Statement: The morphology of the project structure inspired from the civilized motif in Alex. & Ancient Egyptian prism , which embrace the identity of Alexandria Civilization stretched forward with enlightenment Eco-glassier prism.

Fig. 635 , Greek Motif

Fig.636, Millennium Bridge

Fig.637, Washington University skylight

Concept III The image of the structure embrace the civilization of Alexandria, which inspired from its Greek motif merge it with the main image of Egyptian civilization “ Pyramid “ morph it into eco- Glassier prism gained from it passive energy.

The structure begin from with the main Fishermen Logistic suppliers structure obtained from three geometry of Greek motif it‟s ceiling inclined with solar angle orientation stretchered toward the sea connected with Eco-power bridge, hang with it two Ecological prism enrich the project with ecological power to be self sufficient and produce power to be self sufficient and produce power to the neighborhood.

The whole structure projected to : Reflect Greek motif in building mass.

• Empower the fishing market by supply the fishermen with their license service ( Boats, workshops & maintenance ).

• Activation of working force through • - commercial market - Nets production.

• Merging tourist to reinforcement the financial return through 189 - Aquatic Gallery - Aquarium hollow gram theater - Markets

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Concept III Conceptual deformation

prism

Greek motif

merging them together

Conceptual deformation sketch of the project done by researcher

Conceptual sketch

• • • • • •

Financial flow - logistic Fishermen suppliers Educational Workshops Commercial sector License flow • storage

• • Aquarium •

Historical walkway simulation Boats maintenance • Hollow gram theatre Net, fishing tools production ( recreational sector )

(Figure 638 and 639 ), Conceptual sketch of the project done by researcher ( 2017)

Context Skyline

190 (Figure 640), Context Skyline

Market

Historical simulation walkway

Agora

Touristic zone + recreational

Historical path way simulation

Fish Fauna

Boat workshop & maintenance + Nets fishing tools productions recreational sector

Historical walkway

Aquarium

Aquarium

Aquarium

Vertical Transition

Market

Market zone

Passive light oriented toward sun light

(Figure 641), Conceptual sketch of the project done by researcher

Commercial sector

Conceptual sketch

Concept III

Nets production

Workshops boats & maintenance

.

Hanging Prism Hollow gram theater

Hanging Prism Hollow gram theater

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Structure analysis: • Millennium bridge

(Figure 642), CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF YORK MILLENNIUM BRIDGE, Bridge conference , 2007

Millennium bridge is a self strained structure, the end of the arch push outward when put on the load , so the arched is in a compression condition to it by hangers. 4m wide with length 80m is the maximum span and the diameter is 199mm, the deck is on tension state , while the deck supported by the hanger .

( Figure , 643, 644), Cable bridge connection

• Tensile membrane Tension load for tensile membrane : As structure rely on double curvature to resist loads by tension in the horizontal direction, to prevent it from excessive loads. While the wrapping of the shape reduce its tendency to buckle in compression. Typical presser load is around 150-350 kg/meter.

(Figure 645)

Form and deflection are the most important aspects. Offer large spanning , utilizing free standing form and innovative systems.

Fig.646, Conic tensile shape

Fig.647, Double curvature

Fig.648 ,Millennium bridge

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Structure analysis: • Arch beam Tall arch, the in-plane wind loads leads to significant internal forces in the arch. If a tall arch has a small own weight, then the formation of the negative reactions is possible; this dangerous phenomenon leads to the separation of the arch from abutment. Pressure of the wind, which is directed perpendicular to the plane of the arch, leads to out-ofplane bending of the arch, These loads are absorbed by bracing between arches.( archieves.edu ) Fig.649, Luxor arch gate

Fig.650, Load transition for arched beam

Fig.651, Load in arch by tension tie

• Tension rode A cable element is an element with almost no bending stiffness. Cable structure, Form of long-span structure that is subject to tension and uses suspension cables for support, The cable-stayed roof is supported from above by steel cables radiating downward from masts that rise above roof level.

Fig.652, Tensile Rod System by Hayn LinesHayn

• Shelter portable structure with less than four walls to provide for improved utilization of pastureland and rangeland and to shelter livestock from negative environmental factors.

Protective Barrier from Noise in market in the project, Keep the Dust at Bay due to acidic rains and humidity on the site and when the temperatures cool off, one of these structures can increase people‟s comfort outdoors.

Fig.653, Tension Fabric Buildings & Structures

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Social approach Main goals: Create an integrated community that serve itself. Increasing job opportunities for men and women in the inhabitant of Al Max and mutual trust between the community and government. Also To be aware that the each on of them is a source of productivity.

How to achieve this goals ?

By promoting well being through connect the culture activities of Al Max community is fishing make use of it as sharing their knowledge for the future generation , by this way can have stable developing community.

Environmental dimensions

Fig.654, Social sustainability diagram

Main goals: To minimize the pollution creation and use of energy to lowest degree. To create building that adaptive with the environment applied with responsive & productive design deal with passive energy and to be sustainable development.

How to achieve this goals ?

By using renewable energy material and applications as Responsive skin, Ego- glass, hydro energy, Pavegen floor tiles, solar tube and wind turbine.

Fig.655,Technological app. in the project to be sustainable

Economical dimensions Main goals: Is to increase national income and generate the financial in life standard.

How to achieve this goals ?

Organizing boats transportation license & for marketing fish products.

Fig.656, Economical sustainability diagram

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Technological studies • Responsive Skin The significance of the passive system is its potential to reduce Direct Solar Exposure, which curtails the harsh sun during summers while minimally affecting the day light levels inside the space by increasing diffused light, which is controlled by alteration of the angle of openings. Reduce energy use in light intensity only in required areas.

Fig.457, Responsive skin

(SUSHANT, PRADEEP, 2011 )

Details - Form 1 Fig.458, Architectural Visualizations of proposed Passive System Roof at different times of the day

Form 2

25’

Panel unit

Primitive shingle variation

Shingle to shingle

2’

11,25’

11,25’

2’

Subdivision & crossing

1.5’

Base shingle unit Fig.459, responsive skin Helsinki, details , 2011

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Technological studies

Solar gain is controlled by changing the angle of incidence on surface , which can change the angle at which sunlight hits the surface, which can control the amount of radiation that passes through. (Sunshat , Pardeep 2011 ) .

Its effect skin on concepts The responsive skin effect on the proposed concept by using low cost materials as reusable molds and have a environmental performance with high technology for controlling the amount of light to prevent glare of sun light, also in hot weather it closed automatically to ensure the thermal comfort inside. Solar gain can be reduced to 5o% and energy draining for air conditioning can be reduced.

Responsive skin in concepts Responsive skin

Responsive skin

Responsive skin

(Figure 660), responsive skin in concepts

• Hydro energy Hydroelectric power plant ,as the electricity is generated by kinetic energy resulting from the friction created by the effect wind on piezoelectric strips. Using grey water or sea water in doing hydraulic power plant Electricity generation, water management ( Manitobia hydro place , 2016 ) .

Hydropower is produced for an average of 0.85 cents per kilowatthour (kwh). It is clean, does not produce greenhouse gasses or other air pollution, no waste leaves behind .

Modern hydro turbines can convert as much as 90% of the available energy into electricity.

(Wisconsin Valley

Fig. 661, Hydroelectric power, Record Smith Carter Architects

Responsive skin water fall Interior facade

Improvement Company, 2017 )

It is located between double skin facades for producing energy and for the building ventilations by the cool water inside it .

Hydro energy Fig.662, façade details, Manitobia hydro place , 2016

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Technological studies

Its effect on concepts Using natural resource ( water) to generate electricity by giving a wonderful visual effect through the motion of water between facades , by cooling the space by evaporative of cool water happened through the movement water.

Which can save the energy cost that needs in the project.

Hydro energy facade in concepts Hydropower

Hydropower

Hydropower

(Figure 663), hydro power in concepts

• Eco-Glass

• Gas fill

Glass is a sustainable, fully recyclable • Double material which provides great glass environmental benefits such as contributing to mitigating climate change and saving precious natural resources. It is also highly appreciated to safeguarding people‟s health ad well being.( smart glass country , 2017) Fig.664, Eco Friendly Glass House in Unit Architecture Window glazing is basically 2 or 3 panes of glass separated by spaces of vacuum, which serve to reduce energy transfer, keeping heat inside the room during the winter months and obstructing its entrance in the summer, and serve as good noise insulators. ( Eco friendly windows, 2017 ) Eco friendly glass in concepts Eco-Glass

It‟s effect in concepts

Eco-Glass

Eco-Glass

Fig.645, Eco Friendly Glass in concepts

Reducing the thermal heat inside the space sine its glazed for benefits the natural day lighting as it works also as sound isolation during the functions happened beside the building as for commercial sectors or workshops. Saving energy and cost of insulation materials with providing natural light.

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• Pavegen floor tiles The tiles are a kind of kinetic energy recovery system. The energy person expend doing it ceases to be useful after the sneakers hit pavement. That's create a new kind of sustainable energy technology. In the project Pavegen floor tiles can generate electricity by harnessing the power of footsteps ( Ellis Emma, 2016 ).

Fig.666, Pavegen tile, Liz Wells 2016

Fig.667, Pavegen tile, renewable energy.

Fig.668, Pavegen tile, renewable energy.

Force exported by footstep on rubber surface causes pevegen floor tile to flex 5mm, kinetic energy created is captured and stored within a lithium polymer battery.

Wireless monitoring Custom power management Central laminar

Acid etched

Electricity can be stores for 3 days or use Direct power charge for producing power

90 % recycled rubber

82mm

Fig.669, showing it works

It can be applied in concept3

Fig.670, details of Pavegen Pavegen floor tiles

Pavegen tiles can be used in the historical walk way and project entrance as the number of people on it so can make a benefit for it.

Its effect on concepts

(Figure 671 ), details of Pavegen

Which can focus on the important of human being in every thing not only for production but each move they can take it can be useful and produce energy through it with walking and watching animation about a simulation of the history of the Greek and ancient Egyptians 198

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• Solar Tube sky light Uses the direct Sunlight to generate natural lighting to the inner spaces using pipes with high reflective materials. A solar thermal collector collects heat by absorbing sunlight. Flat-plate and evacuatedtube solar collectors are used to collect heat in the winter. (Geiger, 2011 )

Fig.672, Solar tube sky light

A solar tube works efficiency from sunup to sun-down because of its patented technology. Using reflectivity material as spectra light infinity for its brightness and unmatched color radiation. (Evelyn Lee , 2006 ).

Fig.673, Solar tube sky light

Fig.674, Solar tube device control

A device can calculate the amount of light or number of solar tube in the space for illumination with controlling the color of paint, floor and ceiling.(fig.674 ) It can be applied in concept

Fig.675, Solar tube sky light

Solar tube can be applied to illuminate where the amount of natural light decrease and helping to save energy cost by making opening on the roof skin .

Its effect on concepts

(Figure 676)

Illuminate spaces with the diffusion of sun light at dark spaces by sufficient technology with zero energy , and also can be used at the workshop zones.

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Bubble diagram

Detailed Zoning

(Figure 677), Bubble diagram

Recreational Area Visual +auditorium hall

Maintenance workshops

Logistic license + Administration

Educational workshop

Commercial Area

(Figure 678), Illustrated by researcher(2017)

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“ Philobateer Talaat” vision: “The right to work and live a better life”

Aegean Breeze image from architects

(Figure 679)

Concept: As we targeted the fisher men as they are the majority in el max district so we find that we have to find a way to help them improving they way of living my concept is about helping them and to offer them a good place to live in with all the facilities helping them in working and improving the self's for a better way of living the concept is to achieve a interaction zoon for all the facilities together with the inhabitants.

Mission statement and objective: Development approach

Integration between

1- Better jobs

1- fisher men

2- Raise of awareness

2- Ships

3- Economical

3- Market

4- Trading

4- Government

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Zoning:

(Figure 680)

Project component could be divided into two components and all the components will finally help the fishermen and there families Main Component

Zones

No.

Area

Business logistics

Harbor -Terminal -Concierge area -Maintenance area -Medical Emergency -Small Cafeteria - Business Office Printer/ fax room Storage Toilets Market Main lobby Aquarium zone Office

1 1 1 1 2 to 3

150 m2 300 m2 100 m2 150 m2 25 m2

2 to 3 1 to 3 9 4 2 4 1 3 to 5 1 3 to 6

30 m2 15 m2 15 m2 12 m2 25 m2 25 M2 100 m2 40 m2 60 m2 15 m2

Military logistic Security Offices Meeting rooms Printer/ fax room Toilets Small Cafeteria

1 2 3 to 6 2 to 3 2 2 1

50 m2 20 m2 15 m2 30 m2 12 m2 25 m2 30 m2

1 1 3

40 m2 30 m2 15 m2

RAM logistics

Facilities

Restaurant Clinic Mini market (Table 14)

No. users

Description •Open space for ships

250 person

60 person

30 person

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Concept I DECRIPTION “ THE VISION “ The vision is how to connect all the facilities together as the fishier men will need a clear passage to the sea with an office to identify the ships interring and exiting the harbor also facilities that have a governmental representatives and training center The road

EL-maryotya

Connecting bridge

The sea

Project development: Using L–shape to achieve the interaction between all the users

(Figure 681)

(Figure 682)

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DECRIPTION “ THE VISION “ Since the child was born the first thing he looks at is the sea and its waves so our vision here is to connect the inhabitant with the building and to develop a feeling in him that this building is his with all its facilities is for him and to help him .

Concept development As the sea is the heart of any coastal city giving the feeling of relaxation for its users and to merge with the surrounding area

Project development

(Figure 683)

Inspiration

The power of the sea which give the feeling of the greatness and respect

(Figure 684)

(Figure 685)

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Concept III DECRIPTION “ THE VISION “ The aquarium for the fisher men is considered as they life and what they see every day so putting in consideration that way of living will make it easy to connect with officials

Concept development Using the shape of both shell and sea fish to achieve the feeling of the sea and to relate to the place around the building it self.

Project development

Inspiration

(Figure 686)

How to use the nature in the phase of designing a building that will serve an inhabitants that mainly depends on the sea as a main component for their daily

(Figure 687)

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Sustainability

Figure 688

Orientation: To make the

best use of summer sun angles and winter sun angles on southern exposures while decreasing solar gain on east and specifically west sunrays

Glazing: using the size of

windows to get the most benefit from the sun while avoiding high heat in summer and losing heat winter.

Thermal Mass: providing exposed thermal mass to gain

heat from the sun in the winter and to be

like a heat sink in the summer.

Insulation: specifically high level of isolation to decrease the unnecessary heat loss or heat gains through the building structure like roof , floor , etc.

Natural Ventilation: designing clear and under controlled air flows through the buildings during daytime .

Zoning: providing good zoning to allow different thermal needs to achieve sustainability.

Technical studies

(Figure 689)

(Figure 690)

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Yihia Qandil Main Slogan

Implementation Smart City

Concept Statement : Seeking to develop a life style & connect between government and Al Max society by linking a mutual relationship that benefit both sides to be a win-win situation that will help in the targeted results without effecting on the existing environmental condition. By implementation of Smart City strategies which‟s it function is to develop a society to create a successful self sustain community

Mission “Target statement “ The targeted element to envelop the project is every single person in al max area from youth and elders with the both gender . It will be accomplished through several approaches in order to attract al max society it have to be a result they can see it to continue to last approach .

Physical approach through their participation in the project they will find an outcome from what are they accomplished. Most of them afraid from the military forces and police due to previous situations so in order to fix the relationship between the people and the police is to make a benefit to the government to welcome the idea of participating with the people .Due to the cooperation between al max residents and the police they will gain trust and will feel secured again with each others They will product and will find a way to increase their living and economical state by participating .As a result for these steps will be a domestic self satisfaction their for will be a security and it will be safe .as a result it can be international landmark due to its distinctive location and also it will be an opportunity for al max society to rise their statement

(Figure 691)

(Figure 692)

(Figure 693)

Vision : Smart city development starts from using every single source from the available resources like society & Government , therefore by accomplishing these three steps in the diagram , the Economical state will change , as a result of the community‟s behaviors changing to the better direction

Objectives : The Project Promote to create a society with high Privileges, increasing the quality of services, productivity, responsibility, self social sustainability.

(Figure 694)

(Figure 695)

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Concept I Slogan

“ Nature of the Earth “ “Integration between the motion of nature and the dynamic of the user “ Due to the topographical situation in al max the whole idea is to rise al max from lower level of topographical state to intense level of eligibility by an integration between the morphological and ecological of the existing to create at the end a project crawl from the nature of the earth and use it as a shield in the sustainable method to prevent and handle the environmental challenge that facing al max to achieve the targeted sustainable condition.

(Figure 697)

The solid distribution pattern is similar to the motion of the water through urban cells making a strong environment with the sea

(Figure 699)

The level of the earth based on the contouring for the sea and the land

(Figure 696)

(Figure 698)

The water cells distribution pattern through the urban pattern is al most have the similarity to each other to make the appropriate integration

(Figure 700)

The idea of mass stitching and connecting the to levels of limestone

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(Figure 701), Illustrated by researcher(2017)

By the dynamic movement for the user in the vertical and horizontal direction creating the spaces that have the accessibility to sight vison toward the water view

(Figure 702), Illustrated by researcher(2017)

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Concept I

Individual work

Slogan

CO-EXISTENCE “Human Behavior “ interactive and Recreational Manner in the space “Spaces”

Co-existence definition in architecture is the‎daily Life and architectural situations that embrace the participation of the place and the surrounding ideas for that environment , due to the lake of trust and communication between the residents and each other and also the residents and the government a functional spaces in order to simulate an opportunities to deal and interact with the dispersed relationship between Al Max society

(Figure 703), Illustrated by researcher(2017)

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Concept I Slogan

Smart Energy Building

Completing the smart city strategies by using the smart energy building with the coEXISTENCE function by adding a building with several entrances but in order to finish the process by auditorium in order to work as an interactional space that people can interact & accomplish responsibility, self social sustainability.

ading

(Figure 706)

(Figure 707)

(Figure 708)

(Figure 709)

(Figure 704), Illustrated by researcher(2017)

(Figure 710 and 711)

(Figure 705), Illustrated by researcher(2017)

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Sustainability Ecological Shield Concept Ecological shield is the environmental shield which surround the building to ensure complete sustainability which is needed also consist of diff types of clean energy it can contain solar cells for the energy efficiency and also it has the ability of climate control in the building as it control the temperature and humidity and the insulation of the non preferable issues like noise effects and lateral forces specifically the wind effect .

(Figure 712)

(Figure 713)

Indoor Air Quality “Breathing Building System�

Breathing building system is a system that helps to achieve the low energy building . It provide occupants with a healthy & comfortable environment . By providing natural ventilation using the forces of wind and buoyancy to help air move naturally through a building rather than using expensive energy intensive fans to push air around .

Roof Harvesting system

(Figure 714)

By harvesting the rain water due to site condition and the possibility of the rain the rain harvesting roof system the best option to reduce the water usage and use the alternative natural solutions. It can be accomplished by using the mushroom roof system to be connected to tubes that allow water to go through a process in order to be filtered (Figure 715)

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Technical Studies Family materials • Wood Structure • Steel Frames • ETFE Material

Skin Concept

(Figure 716 and 217)

Biomimic skin Pattern used by ETFE Material which it serve the concept of ecological shield which protect the building from the outer elements which threaten the sustainability of the building like Temperature, Noise effects and all the lateral forces like specially wind force

(Figure 718)

(Figure 719)

213 (Figure 720)

(Figure 721)

(Figure 722)

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FUNCTIONAL ZONING :

(Figure 724), Functional zoning Illustrated by researcher(2017)

BUBBLE DIAGRAM :

Commercial Sector + Reactional Spaces Education Logistic Services

PARKING

OUTDOOR ZONES

(Figure 724), Bubble diagram Illustrated by researcher(2017)

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Inspirations •Functional linking between interactional spaces and buildings

(Figure 725)

(Figure 726)

(Figure 727)

(Figure 728)

(Figure 729)

(Figure 730)

• Integration between Sustainable techniques and form

(Figure 731)

(Figure 732)

(Figure 733)

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• Integration between Sustainable Shield and Flexible Organic structure

(Figure 734)

(Figure 735)

• Extended platform for business logistics

(Figure 736)

(Figure 737)

(Figure 738)

216

- References - List of figures - List of Tables

References Chapter I : Historical Background • Alexandria‟s university Library Faculty of Engineering Chapter II Urban Studies • General Organization for Physical Planning in Cairo and Alexandria.

• Residents of Al Max. Chapter V Design Issues Flexibility 1. https://thewaywelive.wordpress.com/2007/11/15/flexibility-in-architecture/ 2. Flexibility in architecture. (2007, November 15). Retrieved from https://thewaywelive.wordpress.com/2007/11/15/flexibility-in-architecture/ 3. http://www.schroders.com/staticfiles/schroders/about%20schroders/company%20information/broc hure/portfolio-management-presentation-oct11.pdf 4. Schroder & Co Bang AG. (2011, October). Retrieved from http://www.schroders.com/staticfiles/schroders/about%20schroders/company%20information/broc hure/portfolio-management-presentation-oct11.pdf 5. http://www.despoke.com/2013/09/13/the-hanging-room-by-tilt/ 6. The Hanging Room by TILT. (2013, September 12). Retrieved from http://www.despoke.com/2013/09/13/the-hanging-room-by-tilt/ 7. http://www.aiatopten.org/node/482 8. Jacobs Institute for Design Innovation. (1970). Retrieved from http://www.aiatopten.org/node/482.

9. http://www.legrand.com/EN/office-building-fit-out-design-and-refurbishment_12997.html 10.

Legrand. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.legrand.com/EN/office-building-fit-out-designand-refurbishment_12997.html Mood 1. http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-mood-definition-examples-quiz.html 2. Williams, Y. (n.d). What is Mood? – Definition & Examples. Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-mood-definition-examples-quiz.html 3. https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/biometric-scanning-the-future-of-architecture-planning 4. Nelson, T. (2017, December 11). Is Biometric Scanning the Future of Architecture Planning? Retrieved from https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/biometric-scanning-the-future-of-architectureplanning 5. Babakhani, R. (2017, January 30). Color and Light in Architecture and its Effects on Spirits of Space Users in a Psychological View. Retrieved from https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/color-andlight-in-architecture-and-its-effects-on-spirits-of-space-users-ina-psychological-view-2168-97171000184.php?aid=89600 http://www.floornature.com/ceramic-innovation/mood/ 6. Moodboard - Illustrations of architectural styles and concepts | Floornature. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.floornature.com/ceramic-innovation/mood/ 7. https://commoncore.hku.hk/cchu9030 CCHU9030 Image 1. Architecture and Society: Finding Meaning in Architectural Representation. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://commoncore.hku.hk/cchu9030/ 2. http://architectureandurbanism.blogspot.com.eg/2010/09/kevin-lynch-image-of-city-1960.html 3. Canniffe, E. (n.d.). ARCHITECTURE URBANISM. Retrieved from http://architectureandurbanism.blogspot.com.eg/2010/09/kevin-lynch-image-of-city-1960.html 4. www.arcc-journal.org/index.php/repository/article/download/143/111 5. Willoughby, W. (n.d.). Maintenance Art, Architecture, and the Visibility of Time. Retrieved from www.arcc-journal.org/index.php/repository/article/download/143/111 6. http://eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/4171/1/assessing%20effectiveness.pdf 7. Joy, P. (2014, April). Assesing the Effectiveness of Maintenance Practices in Public Schools. Retrieved from http://eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/4171/1/assessing%20effectiveness.pdf 8. http://portico.space/journal// CIRCULATION 1. architectural-concepts-circulation, (n.d.). Retrieved from http://portico.space/journal//architectural-conceptscirculation,https://theses.lib.vt.edu/.../VeronicaEstremadoyro_ThesisBook_27August2008.pdf 2. https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/11546-porto-cruise-terminal 3. http://ww1.vasiliizhelezniakov.com/museum.html 4. http://victoriabuzz.com/2017/07/ship-point-redesign-huge-changes/.

218

References Maintenance 1. CCHU9030 – Image, Architecture and Society: Finding Meaning in Architectural Representation. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://commoncore.hku.hk/cchu9030/https://commoncore.hku.hk/cchu9030 2. http://architectureandurbanism.blogspot.com.eg/2010/09/kevin-lynch-image-of-city-1960.html 3. Canniffe, E. (n.d.). ARCHITECTURE URBANISM. Retrieved from http://architectureandurbanism.blogspot.com.eg/2010/09/kevin-lynch-image-of-city-1960.html 4. www.arcc-journal.org/index.php/repository/article/download/143/111 5. Willoughby, W. (n.d.). Maintenance Art, Architecture, and the Visibility of Time. Retrieved from www.arccjournal.org/index.php/repository/article/download/143/111 Security 1. http://eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/4171/1/assessing%20effectiveness.pdf 2. Joy, P. (2014, April). Assesing the Effectiveness of Maintenance Practices in Public Schools. Retrieved from http://eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/4171/1/assessing%20effectiveness.pdf 3. http://portico.space/journal//architectural-concepts-circulation 4. ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPTS: CIRCULATION. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://portico.space/journal//architecturalconcepts-circulation 5. https://theses.lib.vt.edu/.../VeronicaEstremadoyro_ThesisBook_27August2008.pdf 6. http://www.opensecurityarchitecture.org/ Safety 1. Spinoza. (2007, December 02). Open Security Architecture. Retrieved from http://www.opensecurityarchitecture.org/cms/index.phphttps://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/secure-safe 2. Secure / Safe. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/secure-safe 3. https://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/secure-safe/occupant-safety-healthCached 4. https://www.britannica.com/topic/life-safety-system 5. The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. (n.d.). Life-safety system. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/life-safety-system

Interaction 1.

2.

https://books.google.com.eg/books?isbn=1447106539 www.haque.org.uk/papers/ArchInterSys.pd

1.

2.

https://arxiv.org by J Reich - ‎2017 https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=sociology_pubs

1.

Smith, R. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.citationmachine.net/apa/cite-awebsite/search?utf8=✓&q=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalscholarship.unlv.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D100 4%26context%3Dsociology_pubs&commit=Search+Websites

Durability Comfort

Chapter VI Case Studies 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

http://www.portofhelsinki.fi/en/port-helsinki/web-cameras/south-harbour South Harbour. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.portofhelsinki.fi/en/port-helsinki/webcameras/south-harbour http://www.portofhelsinki.fi/en/cargo-traffic-and-ships/south-harbour South Harbour. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.portofhelsinki.fi/en/cargo-traffic-and-ships/southharbour https://www.archdaily.com/251120/helsinki-south-harbour-competition-winners Furuto, A. (2012, July 03). Helsinki South Harbour Competition Winners. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/251120/helsinki-south-harbour-competition-winners http://www.ata.ee/lens_portfolio/helsinki-south-harbour/ Helsinki South Harbour. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ata.ee/lens_portfolio/helsinki-southharbour/ http://www.adsb.ae/ ADSB Abu Dhabi Ship Building. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.adsb.ae/ http://emirates-business.ae/abu-dhabi-ship-building-revenue-hits-aed791mn-in-2015/ Abu Dhabi Ship Building revenue hits AED791mn in 2015. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://emiratesbusiness.ae/abu-dhabi-ship-building-revenue-hits-aed791mn-in-2015/ https://www.mubasher.info/markets/ADX/stocks/ADSB/profile Details about Abu Dhabi‟s shipbuilding company. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.mubasher.info/markets/ADX/stocks/ADSB/profile http://emirates-business.ae/abu-dhabi-ship-building-revenue-hits-aed791mn-in-2015/

219

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16. Abu Dhabi Ship Building revenue hits AED791mn in 2015. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://emiratesbusiness.ae/abu-dhabi-ship-building-revenue-hits-aed791mn-in-2015/ 17. http://gate.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentPrint/1/244/1642536.aspx 18. 17. Salem, M. “I tried to migrate by sea 3 times.” said one of the project workers. “We do anything for the success of the project.” said the fisherman. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://gate.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentPrint/1/244/1642536.aspx 19. http://www.alittihad.ae/details.php?id=37926&y=2009 20. http://www.youm7.com/story/2017/11/18/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B121. Elkady, Z. Pictures..Learn about the details of the projects opened today in Ghalion‟s lake. (2017, November 18). Retrieved from http://www.youm7.com/story/2017/11/18/ 22. Heragy, G. Q&A Learn about the project of fish farming in the east of the Suez Canal..Pictures & videos. (2017, November 20). Retrieved from http://www.youm7.com/story/2017/11/20/%D8%B3%D9%88-2 23. The wood shipbuilding reflects the lifestyle in Qatar. (2009, November 24). Retrieved from http://www.alittihad.ae/details.php?id=37926&y=2009 24. http://www.youm7.com/story/2017/11/18/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1-Elkady, Z. Pictures..Learn about the details of the projects opened today in Ghalion‟s lake. (2017, November 18). Retrieved from http://www.youm7.com/story/2017/11/18/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1http://www.youm7.com/story/2017/11/20/%D8%B3-%D9%88-%D8%AC-Heragy, G. Q&A Learn about the project of fish farming in the east of the Suez Canal..Pictures & videos. (2017, November 20). http://gate.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentPrint/1/244/1642536.aspx 25. Salem, M. “I tried to migrate by sea 3 times.” said one of the project workers. “We do anything for the success of the project.” said the fisherman. (2009, November 16). Retrieved from http://gate.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentPrint/1/244/1642536.aspx 26. Developing the fisheries of Egypt is the upcoming Egyptian project on the governmental agenda (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ahram.org.eg/News/202205/3/583703/%.aspx 27. https://www.britannica.com/place/Suez-Egypt 28. The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. (2014, May 06). Suez. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/place/Suez-Egypt 29. www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/port-suez.htm 30. Port of El Suez | Suez. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/portsuez.htm 31. https://www.archdaily.com/102048/marine-research-center-bali-avp_arhitekti 32. Jarz, H. (2011, January 8). Marine Research Center Bali / AVP_arhitekti. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/102048/marine-research-center-bali-avp_arhitekti 33. http://www.archoutloud.com/uploads/4/8/0/4/48046731/___1671426346_b_1.pdf 34. http://www.archoutloud.com/nyc-finalists.html 35. Competitions :Current Architecture Competitions. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.archoutloud.com/nyc-finalists.html

Chapter VII Sustainability 1.

2.

3.

4.

http://www.pittstate.edu/office/president/initiatives/sustainability/what-is-sustainability.dot What is Sustainability? (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.pittstate.edu/office/president/initiatives/sustainability/what-is-sustainability.dot https://www.breeam.com/discover/how-breeam-certification-works/ How BREEAM Certification Works. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.breeam.com/discover/howbreeam-certification-works/

Chapter VIII Program & standards 1. http://archis.jnu.ac.kr/xe1110/files/houses.pdf 2. HOUSES: PORCHES AND ENTRANCE HALLS. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://archis.jnu.ac.kr/xe1110/files/houses.pdf 3. https://adata.org/publication/temporary-events-guide 4. https://www.pinterest.com/janelldee/restroom-design/ 5. Restroom design. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/janelldee/restroomdesign/.

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Chapter IX Individual Work Mariam Alaa Morsy 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

PINTEREST https://www.greenprophet.com/2014/06/modern-mashrabiya-is-arab-architecture-made-in-theshade/ Laurie Balbo in Design (2014, June 26). Modern mashrabiya is Arab architecture made in the shade – check out these stunning photos. Retrieved from https://www.greenprophet.com/2014/06/modernmashrabiya-is-arab-architecture-made-in-the-shade/ http://www.pavegen.com/what-we-do/ Pavegen - What We Do. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.pavegen.com/what-we-do/ https://www.smartglasscountry.com/ Your Switchable Glass Journey Starts Here. (n.d.). Retrieved January 01, 2018, from https://www.smartglasscountry.com/ https://www.pinterest.com/search/pins/?q=solar%20sky%20tunnel&rs=typed&term_meta[]=solar%7C typed&term_meta[]=sky%7Ctyped&term_meta[]=tunnel%7Ctyped (n.d.).

Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/search/pins/?q=solar sky tunnel&rs=typed&term_meta%5B%5D=tunnel%7Ctyped

Mariam Wagdy Habib 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/wind-ventilation Wind Ventilation. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/wind-ventilation https://rescuemotherearth.wordpress.com/tag/water-pollution-solutions/ Posts about water pollution solutions on Rescue Mother Earth. (n.d.).

Retrieved from https://rescuemotherearth.wordpress.com/tag/water-pollution-solutions/ http://www.alternative-energy-tutorials.com/energy-articles/passive-solar-energy.html Passive Solar Energy and Passive Solar Design of Homes. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.alternative-energytutorials.com/energy-articles/passive-solar-energy.html http://www.kinala.com/news/second-skin Second Skin. (2017, August 13). Retrieved from http://www.kinala.com/news/second-skin Lighthouse: https://www.8womendream.com/world-travel-dreams/8-travel-quotes-to-inspire-world-travel-dreams VonGeldern, N. (2014, July 19). The 8 Most Inspiring Quotes About Travel. Retrieved from https://www.8womendream.com/world-travel-dreams/8-travel-quotes-to-inspire-world-travel-dreams http://egyptlastminute.com/trip-to-max-area-venice-of-egypt/ Trip to max area Vince of Egypt. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://egyptlastminute.com/trip-to-max-area-venice-ofegypt Fish Crate Stock Footage Video. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.shutterstock.com/video/search/fish-crate/ Reuse reduce recycle. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.picturequotes.com/reuse-reduce-recycle-quote25048 Slope Quotes. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.quotehd.com/quotes/words/Slope

Manar Mahmoud 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

http://www.passivhaus.org.uk/filelibrary/Primers/KN4430_Passivhaus_Primer_WEB.pdf Mead, K. (n.d.). Passivhaus primer: Introduction An aid to understanding the key principles of the Passivhaus Standard.

Retrieved from http://www.passivhaus.org.uk/filelibrary/Primers/KN4430_Passivhaus_Primer_WEB.pdf http://www.passivhaus.org.uk/filelibrary/Primers/KN4430_Passivhaus_Designers_Guide_WEB.pdf McLeod, R. (n.d.). Passivhaus primer: Designerâ€&#x;s guide A guide for the design team and local authorities.

Retrieved from http://www.passivhaus.org.uk/filelibrary/Primers/KN4430_Passivhaus_Designers_Guide_WEB.pdf WASTE WATER TREATMENT. (n.d.).

Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/environment/europeangreencapital/wpcontent/uploads/2011/05/EGCNantesUKChap10-F.pdf http://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mdu 3/~edisp/dd_057020.pdf Water recycling What to consider before setting up a recycled water scheme. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mdu 3/~edisp/dd_057020.pdf 221

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krimshy, Y (2015, November 22). responsive skin.

Retrieved from https://yazdanistudioresearch.wordpress.com/ 2- Smart Glass Country. (2017, December 01). Announces Wireless Smart Glass for the Next Generation of Smart Homes. Retrieved from https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/smart-glass-country-announceswireless-smart-glass-for-the-next-generation-of-smart-homes-300565001.html 3paules, M. et.

(2009), harnessing climate.

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Figures

Figure 1. Al Max Community reprinted from Pinterest, https://www.pinterest.com/pin/20055160817045379/, 2016. Retrieved from https://i.pinimg.com/originals/5a/12/d4/5a12d4a2a6e32f37539861a6d0dfc639.jpg Figure 2. community of Alexandria reprinted from Pinterest by Hebat Al Nile, https://www.pinterest.com/pin/336151559656480556, 2016, Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/hebat-elniel/8215659591/in/set-72157632091448309 Figure 3. The Arch of Hadria Aristotle, Greek from Google, 2015. Retrieved from https://aristotleguide.wordpress.com/2012/07/16/the-arch-of-hadrian/.

Figure 4.

Old Pharous, from Google, 2015, Retrieved from http://www.historyinsidepictures.com/Pages/TheAncientPharosElectricLighthouseatAlexandria.aspx Figure 5.

Current light tower Pharos, from Google, 2013, Retrieved from https://www.planetminecraft.com/project/the-light-tower-alexandria/ Figure 6. Giza Pyramids from reprinted from Pinterest by Hebat Al Nile. Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/367254544604203487/, 2016.

Retrieved from https://i.pinimg.com/originals/e9/17/84/e917844ca63ae30c09b9dcbdeaf5b6e0.jpg Figure 7. Worldwide map, reprinted from Wikipedia, 2015. Retrieved from https://www.mapsofworld.com/ Figure 8. fishing boat, reprinted from Pinterest by Rana. Retrieved from http://www.lundboats.com/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/501095896018408595/ Gallery of Penda Continues to Push Bamboo with Rising Canes at Beijing Design Week - 8. (2015, October 05). Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/501095896018408595/ Figure 9. Man holding a fish net, reprinted from Pinterest by Joan. Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/490822059370874850/ Retrieved from https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ca/35/ae/ca35ae57ddd0a76afce79178559a6b7d.jpg Figure 10. Tensile Structure Design Guide from http://fabritecture.com/knowledge/design-guide/, Copyright 2018 Fabritecture.

Figure 11. Greek motifs, reprinted from Google. Retrieved from http://apolloac.info/greek-designmotifs.html Figure 12.

Millennium Bridge.

Reprinted from Google.

Retrieved from http://www.lusas.com/case/bridge/gateshead.html Figure 13. Stanley bridge, reprinted from Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://identity-mag.com/many-layersalexandria/ Figure 14.

Washington University skylight, reprinted from Google.

Retrieved from https://www.roofingcontractor.com/articles/91105-reaching-for-the-sky-iconic-university-features-customskylights-for-new-eco-friendly-glass-atrium Figure 15.

Responsive skin Helsinki, details, 2011, 2016.

Retrieved from http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0964-1726/23/9/095020/meta Figure 16.

Eco Friendly Glass House in Unit Architecture, 2015.

Retrieved from https://www.doityourself.com/stry/sustainable-design-ecofriendly-windows Figure 17. Record Smith Carter Architects. Manitoba Hydro Place, Sustainable Architecture and Building Magazine, 2016. Retrieved from http://www.sabmagazine.com/blog/2010/08/18/manitoba-hydro-place/ Figure 18. Pavegen tile, Liz Wells 2016, reprinted from Pinterest, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.imeche.org/news/news-article/energy-underfoot

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Figure 19. Double curvature , thin shell structure by cuba and candila , n.d. ,Retrieved November 29,2017, from https://ieeenitk.org/blog/cuba-and-candela-thin-shell-structures-and-their-strengththrough-curvature/ Figure 20.

Millennium bridge, n.d. ,Retrieved November 30 ,2017, from http://archives.njit.edu/vol01/etd/1990s/1999/njit-etd1999-039/njit-etd1999-039.pdf Figure 21. Luxor arch gate , Egyptian Domination ; Menes to Cleopatra Ancient Egyptian Architecture.

Retrieved November 28,2017, from http://www.travelwalls.net/egypt/temple-ancient-architectureegypt/ Figure 22. Load transition for arched beam , n.d., Retrieved November 20, 2017 https://www.steelconstruction.info/Tied-arch_bridges.

Figure 23.Load in arch by tension tie, n.d. , Retrieved November 20, 2017 https://www.steelconstruction.info/Tied-arch_bridges.

Figure 24.Tensile Rod System by Hayn LinesHayn , 2007, Retrieved November 20, 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/technology/cable-structure Figure 25. Tension Fabric Buildings & Structures , 2003, Retrieved November 20, 2017, from http://www.shelterstructures.com/.

Figure 26. Social sustainability diagram, 2015, Retrieved November 25, 2017, from http://www.knbs.net.br/en/knbs/social-responsibility-sustainability/.

Figure 27. Technological app. in the project to be sustainable, Retrieved November 26, 2017, from http://www.glassallianceeurope.eu/en/environment Figure 28.

Economical sustainability diagram 2016, Retrieved November 26, 2017, fromhttp://www.metsagroup.com/en/Sustainability/bioeconomy/Sivut/default.aspx.

Figure 29.

Responsive skin , 2016, Retrieved November 24,2017, from http://papers.cumincad.org/data/works/att/ecaade2013r_013.content.pdf Figure 30. Architectural Visualizations of proposed Passive System Roof at different times of the day, 2016 , Retrieved November 24, 2017 from http://papers.cumincad.org/data/works/att/ecaade2013r_013.content.pdf Figure 31. Responsive skin Helsinki, details , 2011, 2016 , Retrieved November 24 , 2017 from http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0964-1726/23/9/095020/meta Figure 32. Record Smith Carter Architects. Manitoba Hydro Place, Sustainable Architecture and Building Magazine , 2016, Retrieved November 20, 2017, from http://www.sabmagazine.com/blog/2010/08/18/manitoba-hydro-place/ Figure 33. faรงade details, Manitoba hydro place , 2016, Retrieved November 25, 2017, from http://www.manitobahydroplace.com/integrated-elements/Water-Features/.

Figure 34. Eco Friendly Glass House in Unit Architecture , 2015, Retrieved November 26, 2017, from https://www.doityourself.com/stry/sustainable-design-ecofriendly-windows Figure 35. Pavegen tile, Liz Wells 2016, reprinted in pinterest , 2017 Retrieved November 26, 2017, from https://www.imeche.org/news/news-article/energy-underfoot Figure 36. Pavegen tile, renewable energy. reprinted in pinterest, 2016, Retrieved November 26, 2017, from https://www.cyrielkortleven.com/cool-project-pavegen/ Figure 37. Pavegen tile, renewable energy. Reprinted in pinterest, 2015, Retrieved November 26, 2017, from http://www.cladglobal.com/CLADnews/architecture-design/Energy-generating-flooring-Pavegenkinetic-energy-design-technology Figure 38. Pavegen tile, renewable energy. Reprinted in google 2016, Retrieved November 25, 2017, from http://www.dameruppula.com/2017/04/pavegen-generation-of-electricity.html.

Figure 39. Pavegen tile, renewable energy. Reprinted in pinterest 2017, Retrieved November 25, 2017, from https://newatlas.com/pavegen-kinetic-energy-tiles-kickstarter/25633/.

Figure 40. Solar tube sky light reprinted from Google, 2016, Retrieved November 23,2017, from http://www.solartubeskylight.com/2013/03 Figure 41. Solar tube sky light by Evelyn , 2016 , Retrieved November 24, 2017, from https://inhabitat.com/solar-tube/ Figure 42. Solar tube device control, 2015 , Retrieved November 25 , 2017 from http://www.veluxusa.com/professional/tools/daylight-estimator Figure 43. Solar tube sky light , 2016, Retrieved November 25, 2017, from http://www.solardirect.com/solar-lighting/tubular-skylight-installation.htm

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Retrieved from https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/archive/windrose/alexandria_egypt_361058 PALEO-GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAP OF ALEXANDRIA SITE, EGYPT BY USING SUBMERGED ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND OTHER EVIDENCES http://www.academia.edu/4017661/Paleogeomorphological_map_of_Alexandria_site_Egypt_by_using_submerged_archaeological_and_othe r_evidences Torab, M. (n.d.). Paleo-geomorphological map of Alexandria site, Egypt by using submerged archaeological and other evidences. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/4017661/Paleogeomorphological_map_of_Alexandria_site_Egypt_by_using_submerged_archaeological_and_othe r_evidences

Yihia Qandil https://www.archdaily.com/tag/ecological-architecture Bari, O. (2017, July 29). 5 Online Resources That Explore The Intersection Between Landscape, Architecture and Culture. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/tag/ecological-architecture https://www.archdaily.com/tag/zaha-hadid Abourezk, A. (2017, December 25). Zaha Hadid Architects' Hungerburgbahn Celebrates its 10 Year Anniversary.

Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/tag/zaha-hadid http://www.asiadigitalmojo.com/?p=4840 MOJO Infographic. (2016, January 04). Retrieved from http://www.asiadigitalmojo.com/?p=4840 https://www.archdaily.com/771150/7-rules-for-designing-safer-cities Santos, S. (2015, August 02). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/771150/7-rules-for-designing-safer-cities https://www.archdaily.com/481817/pulkovo-international-airport-grimshaw-architects-ramboll-pascallwatson/5313d6f9c07a801bf800004d_pulkovo-international-airport-grimshaw-architects-ramboll-pascallwatson_07013_n114_medium-jpg/ Gallery of Pulkovo International Airport / Grimshaw Architects Ramboll Pascall Watson - 15. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/481817/pulkovo-international-airport-grimshaw-architects-ramboll-pascallwatson/5313d6f9c07a801bf800004d_pulkovo-international-airport-grimshaw-architects-ramboll-pascallwatson_07013_n114_medium-jpg/ http://hapticarchitects.com/work/rostov-on-don-airport-grushevskaya-russia/ Andy Mathieson - andy@designersfriend.co.uk Designers' Friend - Web Developer Design Creative Industry UK. (n.d.). Haptic | Yuzhny Airport. Retrieved from http://hapticarchitects.com/work/rostov-on-don-airportgrushevskaya-russia/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/209839663860792895 BIG TOPS. (2009, December 01). Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/209839663860792895/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/332773859938392773/ Architecture. (2014, March 15). Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/332773859938392773/ https://lemanoosh.com/ Industrial Design Trends and Inspiration. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://lemanoosh.com/ https://www.raconteur.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Raconteur-Internet-of-Things-Dashboard5.jpg Connectivity in smart cities [Photograph]. (n.d.). https://i.pinimg.com/originals/1d/27/b6/1d27b6df84d6e665cc4181c0c3b67cc9.jpg https://www.pinterest.com/pin/26599454019373079/ Architecture--Modern Mid Century Modern.

(2012, April 20).

Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/26599454019373079/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/313281717805524293/ Gallery of Pulkovo International Airport / Grimshaw Architects Ramboll Pascall Watson - 15. (2015, March 31).

Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/313281717805524293/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/12877548913933212/ Bamboos. (2016, October 02). Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/12877548913933212/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/285556432593969320/ Adams, D. ( 2016, January 26). Creative Architecture: Starbucks Coffee Design In Japan. Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/285556432593969320/

224

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 001: Attack on Alexandria by the British Empire

008

• Figure 002: Presence of Al Max on the outskirts of the city

008

• Figure 003: Old Mahmoudiyah canal in Al Max 19th

009

• Figure 005: Act of Wadi Al Amar residence

009

• Figure 006: Al Max bay in the past

010

• Figure 007: Al Max bay now

010

• Figure 008: wasted and built areas

011

• Figure 009: Empty areas

011

• Figure 010: Timeline

012

• Figure 011: Jobs of Al Max residents

013

• Figure 012: Vegetable hawkers street

013

• Figure 013:Residential buildings in Al Max

013

• Figure 014: Jobs of Al Max residents

013

• Figure 015: Boundary of Al Max

018

• Figure 016: Land use map

018

• Figure 017: Land use map

019

• Figure 018: Resdiential building

019

• Figure 019: Church in Al Max

019

• Figure 020: Harbor village

019

• Figure 021: Land use map

020

• Figure 022: Residential area of Wadi Al Qammar streets

020

• Figure 023: Residential area of Wadi Al Qammar streets

020

• Figure 024: Al Haras border residence

021

• Figure 025: Al Haras border residence

021

• Figure 026: Land use map

021

• Figure 027: Solid and void

022

• Figure 028: Building heights

023

• Figure 029: Haras Al Hodod residential area

023

• Figure 030: Wadi Al Qammar residential area

023

• Figure 031: Building heights

024 225

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 032: Residential buildings

024

• Figure 033: Residential buildings

024

• Figure 034: Residential buildings

024

• Figure 035: Fishermen village on Al Mahmoudiya‟s Canal

024

• Figure 036: Building conditions

025

• Figure 037: Bad building conditions

025

• Figure 038: Medium building conditions

025

• Figure 039: Officers building conditions

025

• Figure 040: Building conditions

026

• Figure 041: Good building conditions

026

• Figure 042: Medium building conditions

026

• Figure 043: Deteriorated buildings

026

• Figure 044: Deteriorated buildings

026

• Figure 045: Building conditions

027

• Figure 046: Building conditions

027

• Figure 047: Material used in buildings

027

• Figure 048: Alexandria- Cairo map

028

• Figure 049: Accessibility of Al Max map

028

• Figure 050: Road hierarchy map

029

• Figure 051: Road hierarchy map

030

• Figure 052: Mehwar Al Ta‟amer road

030

• Figure 053: Alexandria, Portsaid road

030

• Figure 054: Wadi Al Qammar road

030

• Figure 055: Road hierarchy map

031

• Figure 056: Bridge above Al Khandaq

031

• Figure 057: Side street on fishermen village

031

• Figure 058: Harras Al Hodod and Al Max street

031

• Figure 059: Wadi Al Qammar and Petrol Company

031

• Figure 060: Land marks

032

• Figure 061: Land marks

033 226

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 062: Alexandria for refining & petrol chemical

033

• Figure 063: Building condition

033

• Figure 064: Building condition

033

• Figure 065: Building condition

033

• Figure 066: Al Gaich Mosque

034

• Figure 067: Cement Industry

034

• Figure 068: Light House Al Max

034

• Figure 069: Haras Al Hodod

034

• Figure 070: Alexandria for refining & petrol chemical

034

• Figure 071: Al Max‟s map

034

• Figure 072: Meto blue weather chart

035

• Figure 073: Ratio of rainy days graph

035

• Figure 074: Seasonal wind direction

035

• Figure 075: Material used

036

• Figure 075: Material used

036

• Figure 076: Orientation

036

• Figure 077: Orientation

036

• Figure 078: Orientation

036

• Figure 079: Orientation

036

• Figure 080: Topography

037

• Figure 081: Topography

037

• Figure 082: Topography solution

037

• Figure 083: Soil

038

• Figure 084: Soil

038

• Figure 085: Soil diagram

038

• Figure 086: Humidity diagram

039

• Figure 087: Humidity in map

039

• Figure 088: Water temperature

039

• Figure 089: Sun path

039

• Figure 090: Minimum temperature

039 227

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 091: Maximum temperature

039

• Figure 092: Alexandria‟s Eastern harbor

040

• Figure 093: Sea condition

040

• Figure 094: Alexandria‟s King Mariout sand dunes

040

• Figure 095: Wave breakers in Alexandria

040

• Figure 096: Sand dunes

041

• Figure 097: Sand dunes

041

• Figure 098: Map solution

041

• Figure 099: Environmental Effect

042

• Figure 100: Architectural analysis

043

• Figure 101: Architectural analysis

043

• Figure 102: Architectural analysis

044

• Figure 103: Architectural analysis

044

• Figure 104: Road hierarchy map

045

• Figure 105: Aquaculture diagram

046

• Figure 106: Al Max‟s research center

046

• Figure 107: Aquaculture

046

• Figure 108: Layout

046

• Figure 109: Existing Flaura and Fauna

047

• Figure 110: Fishermen sawing their fish nets

048

• Figure 111: Fishermen Boats in Al Max

048

• Figure 112: Panorama

048

• Figure 113: Fishermen selling fish

048

• Figure 114: The under construction bay

048

• Figure 115: Main transportation

048

• Figure 116: Masaken Al Sayaden housing Project

048

• Figure 117: House conditions

048

• Figure 118: Masaken Al Sayaden housing Project

049

• Figure 119: Al Max houses

049

• Figure 120: Panorama

049 228

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 121: Entrance of Al Max‟s bridge

049

• Figure 122: Main transportation

049

• Figure 123: Access to the sea

049

• Figure 124: Street Lamps

049

• Figure 125: Social aspect survey

050

• Figure 126: Social aspect survey

050

• Figure 127: Social aspect survey

050

• Figure 128: Social aspect survey

050

• Figure 129: The factor effect of the human factor in Al Max

050

• Figure 130: Panorama

051

• Figure 131: Skyline

052

• Figure 132: Skyline

052

• Figure 133: SWOT Analysis map

053

• Figure 134: Lighthouse in Al Max

053

• Figure 135: Al Max bay

053

• Figure 136: Industrial company

053

• Figure 137: Narrow street between houses in Al Max

053

• Figure 138: Al Max houses

053

• Figure 139: Industrial company

053

• Figure 140: Al Max bay

053

• Figure 141: Al Max bay now

056

• Figure 142: Problem identification

058

• Figure 143: Target group logo

060

• Figure 144: Project diagram

061

• Figure 145: Site selection, Site 1

063

• Figure 146: Site selection, Site 1

064

• Figure 147: Urban Fabric

064

• Figure 148: Site 1 land use

065

• Figure 149: Site 1 land mark

065

• Figure 150: Site 1 building heights

065 229

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 151: Site 1 building conditions

065

• Figure152: Site 1 road hierarchy map

066

• Figure153: Site 1 accessibility

066

• Figure154: Al Max street

066

• Figure155: Al Max‟s bridge

066

• Figure156: Fishermen residential area

066

• Figure157: Site 1 Façade analysis

067

• Figure158: Site 1 boundary

067

• Figure159: Site 1 boundary

067

• Figure160: Site 1 boundary

067

• Figure161: Site 1 boundary

067

• Figure162: Site 1 boundary

067

• Figure163: Site 1 boundary

067

• Figure164: Site 1 SWOT analysis

068

• Figure165: Site 1 SWOT analysis

068

• Figure166: Site 1 SWOT analysis

068

• Figure167: Site selection, Site 1

069

• Figure168: Site 1 urban fabric

069

• Figure169: Site 2 land use

070

• Figure170: Site 2 surrounding

070

• Figure171: Site 2 building height

070

• Figure172: Site 2 building condition

070

• Figure173: Site 2 road hierarchy

071

• Figure174: Site 2 site accessibility

071

• Figure175: Site 2 Mehwar Al Ta‟amer

071

• Figure176: Alexandria-Portsaid road

071

• Figure177: Wadi Al Qamar road

071

• Figure178: Site 2 façade analysis map

072

• Figure179: Residential buildings height

072

• Figure180: Al Max pump system station

072 230

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 181: Al Max aquaculture

072

• Figure182: Building conditions

072

• Figure 183: Building conditions

072

• Figure 184: Site 2 SWOT analysis

073

• Figure 185: Site 2 SWOT analysis

073

• Figure 186: Site 2 SWOT analysis

073

• Figure 187: Site 2 SWOT analysis

073

• Figure 188: Site 3 location

074

• Figure 189: Site 3 urban fabric

074

• Figure 190: Site 3 land use

075

• Figure 191: Site 3 surroundings

075

• Figure 192: Site 3 building heights

075

• Figure 193: Site 3 building conditions

075

• Figure 194: Site 3 road hierarchy

076

• Figure 195: Site 3 accessibility

076

• Figure 196: Al Max street

076

• Figure 197: Al Max street

076

• Figure 198: Wadi Al Qamar street

076

• Figure 199: Om Zegero street

076

• Figure 200: Site 3 façade analysis

077

• Figure 201: New fishermen residential buildings

077

• Figure 202: Al Max‟s lighthouse

077

• Figure 203: El Mostafa Mosque, Al Max

077

• Figure 204: Haras Al Hadod Stadium

077

• Figure 205: Site 3 building conditions

077

• Figure 206: Site 3 building conditions

077

• Figure 207: Site 3 building conditions

077

• Figure 208: Site 3 SWOT analysis

078

• Figure 209: Site 3 SWOT analysis

078

• Figure 210: Site 3 SWOT analysis

078 231

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 211: Site 3 SWOT analysis

078

• Figure 212: Site 3, selected site map

079

• Figure 213: Diagram

079

• Figure 214: Flexibility diagram

081

• Figure 215: Flexibility diagram

081

• Figure 216: Flexibility diagram

081

• Figure 217: Flexibility diagram

081

• Figure 218: Flexible furniture

082

• Figure 219: Flexible structure

082

• Figure 220: Flexible furniture

082

• Figure 221: Multi use

082

• Figure 223: Flexible furniture expansion

082

• Figure 224: Example of flexibility

082

• Figure 225: Example of flexibility

083

• Figure 226: Example of flexibility

083

• Figure 227: Mood chart

083

• Figure 228: Natural and artificial lighting

084

• Figure 229: Light skimming a rough wall

084

• Figure 230: Ceiling height

084

• Figure 231: Natural flooring

085

• Figure 232: Natural flooring

085

• Figure 233: Al Max

086

• Figure 234: Architectural aspect

086

• Figure 235: Maintenance diagram

087

• Figure 236: Workers working on maintenance on a building

087

• Figure 237: Infrared thermography

088

• Figure 238: Fiber optics microscopy

088

• Figure 239: Maintenance diagram

088

• Figure 240: Circulation diagram

089

• Figure 241: Types of circulation

089 232

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 242: Vertical circulation

089

• Figure 243: Escalator

089

• Figure 244: City library circulation

089

• Figure 245: Porto Cruise Terminal Porto, Portugal

090

• Figure 246: Ship Point Plaza

090

• Figure 247: Security in building

091

• Figure 248: Method of security diagram

091

• Figure 249: Network security diagram

091

• Figure 250: Electronic gate

091

• Figure 251: Finger print security

091

• Figure 252: Surveillance camera

091

• Figure 253: Safety in building

092

• Figure 254: Physical Hazards for safety

092

• Figure 255: Chemical Hazards

092

• Figure 256: Physical Safety Division

092

• Figure 257: Diagram

093

• Figure 258: Architectural plan showing easy circulation

093

• Figure 259: Fire code

093

• Figure 260: Annex basement, Dublin

093

• Figure 261: Platform for interaction

094

• Figure 262: Strategies of interaction

094

• Figure 263: Smart system analysis

094

• Figure 264: Students hotel

094

• Figure 265: Durability diagram

095

• Figure 266: Factors affecting durability

095

• Figure 267: Air flow

095

• Figure 268: The Coliseum

095

• Figure 269: Roman architectural

095

• Figure 270: John Simpson building

095

• Figure 271: Comfort method diagram

095 233

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 272: Thermal comfort diagram

096

• Figure 273: Physical comfort diagram

096

• Figure 274: Comfort furniture

097

• Figure 275: Noise diagram

097

• Figure 276: Rough surface texture

097

• Figure 277: Smooth surface texture

097

• Figure 278: Sustainable energy technologies

097

• Figure 279: Architectural lighting

097

• Figure 280: Flexibility diagram

098

• Figure 281: Flexibility diagram

098

• Figure 282: Image

098

• Figure 283: Image

098

• Figure 284: Mood diagram

098

• Figure 285: Mood diagram

098

• Figure 286: Maintenance diagram

098

• Figure 287: Maintenance diagram

098

• Figure 288: Circulation diagram

098

• Figure 289: Circulation diagram

098

• Figure 290: Security diagram

098

• Figure 291: Security diagram

098

• Figure 292: Safety diagram

098

• Figure 293: Safety diagram

098

• Figure 294: Interaction diagram

098

• Figure 295: Interaction diagram

098

• Figure 296: Durability diagram

099

• Figure 297: Durability diagram

099

• Figure 298: Comfort diagram

099

• Figure 299: Comfort diagram

099

• Figure 300: Legibility diagram

099

• Figure 301: Legibility diagram

099 234

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 302: Visibility diagram

099

• Figure 303: Visibility diagram

099

• Figure 304: Energy efficiency diagram

099

• Figure 305: Energy efficiency diagram

099

• Figure 306: Economy diagram

099

• Figure 307: Economy diagram

099

• Figure 308: Louis Kahn

099

• Figure 309: Case study 1 map, Finland

102

• Figure 310: Case study 1 surroundings

102

• Figure 311: Case study 1 surroundings

102

• Figure 312: Case study 1 surroundings

102

• Figure 313: Case study 1 surroundings

102

• Figure 314: Case study 1 surroundings

102

• Figure 315: Case study 1 design issues

103

• Figure 316: Design issue plan analysis

103

• Figure 317: Design issue recreation analysis

103

• Figure 318: Circulation analysis map

103

• Figure 319: Circulation analysis map

103

• Figure 320: Case study 1 concept

104

• Figure 321: Case study 1 concept

104

• Figure 322: Economy, interaction and flexibility map and diagram

104

• Figure 323: Case study 2, Abu Dhabi, UAE

106

• Figure 324: Case study 2 map

106

• Figure 325: Marine entrance

106

• Figure 326: Mall

106

• Figure 327: Beach house

106

• Figure 328: Main entrance

106

• Figure 329: Galvacoat for Galvanizing & lighting Poles

106

• Figure 330: Project zone map

107

• Figure 331: Site

107 235

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 332: Site

107

• Figure 333: Site

107

• Figure 334: Site

107

• Figure 335: Site

107

• Figure 336: Site

107

• Figure 337: Site

107

• Figure 338: Case study 3 map, Kafr El Shiekh, Egypt

109

• Figure 339: Glion project in Kafr El Sheikh Google map

109

• Figure 340: Administration building

109

• Figure 341: Project basins

109

• Figure 342: Electric and water pumping stations

109

• Figure 343: Project zone 1

110

• Figure 344: Project zone 2

110

• Figure 345: Project zone 3

110

• Figure 346: Project zone 3

110

• Figure 347: Case study 3 map, Suez, Egypt

112

• Figure 348: Case study 3 Google map

112

• Figure 349: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Consulate

112

• Figure 350: Educational Facilities

112

• Figure 351: Case study 3 residential buildings

112

• Figure 352: Case study 3 zoning map

113

• Figure 353: Case study 3 mood

113

• Figure 354: Case study 3 security logo

113

• Figure 355: Case study 3 Harbor

113

• Figure 357: Circulation analysis

114

• Figure 358: Case study 3 image

114

• Figure 359: Flexibility

114

• Figure 360: Case study 4, Bali, Indonesia

115

• Figure 361: Case study 4 map

115

• Figure 362: Case study 4 contextual analysis

115 236

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 363: Case study 4 contextual analysis

115

• Figure 364: Case study 4 contextual analysis

115

• Figure 365: Case study 4 contextual analysis

115

• Figure 366: Case study 4 contextual analysis

115

• Figure 367: Case study 4 contextual analysis

115

• Figure 368: Case study 4 concept

116

• Figure 369: Longitudinal section showing solid and void of project

116

• Figure 370: Case study 4 zoning and circulation

117

• Figure 371: Case study 4 zoning and circulation

117

• Figure 372: Case study 4 selection zone

117

• Figure 373: Case study 4 zoning

118

• Figure 374: Case study 4 section plan

118

• Figure 375: Case study 4 security plan

118

• Figure 376: Case study 4 security plan

118

• Figure 377: Case study 4 security plan

118

• Figure 378: Case study 4 visibility

118

• Figure 379: Case study 4 visibility

118

• Figure 380: Case study 4 visibility

118

• Figure 381: Case study 4 visibility

118

• Figure 382: Case study 4 audibility analysis

119

• Figure 383: Case study 4 audibility analysis

119

• Figure 384: Case study 4 sustainability analysis

119

• Figure 385: Case study 4 sustainability analysis

119

• Figure 386: Case study 4 mood

119

• Figure 387: Case study 4 conclusion

119

• Figure 388: Case study 5, Keelung, Taiwan

120

• Figure 389: Case study 5 Google map

120

• Figure 390: Case study 5, the residential area

120

• Figure 391: Case study 5 from the inside

120

• Figure 392: Case study 5 Zhongzheng Park

120 237

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 393: Case study 5 zoning

121

• Figure 394: Case study 5 circulation analysis

121

• Figure 395: Case study 5 mood

121

• Figure 396: Case study 5 mood

121

• Figure 397: Case study 5 security

122

• Figure 398: Case study 5 interaction

122

• Figure 399: Case study 5 images

122

• Figure 400: Case study 5 images

122

• Figure 401: Case study 6, NYC, USA

123

• Figure 402: Case study 6 contextual analysis

123

• Figure 403: Case study 6 contextual analysis

123

• Figure 404: Case study 6 contextual analysis

123

• Figure 405: Case study 6 concept

123

• Figure 406: Case study 6 concept

123

• Figure 407: Case study 6 zoning

124

• Figure 408: Case study 6 plan analysis

124

• Figure 409: Case study 6 circulation

125

• Figure 410: Case study 6 mood image

125

• Figure 411: Case study 6 mood image

125

• Figure 412: Earth logo

127

• Figure 413: Environmental sustainability logo

127

• Figure 414: Social sustainability logo

127

• Figure 415: Economic sustainability logo

127

• Figure 416: Logo

128

• Figure 417: Logo diagram

128

• Figure 418: Cash logo

129

• Figure 419: Logo diagram

129

• Figure 420: Logo

130

• Figure 421: Passive cooling

130

• Figure 422: Air improvement

131 238

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 423: Energy logo

131

• Figure 424: Energy analysis

132

• Figure 425: Landscape

132

• Figure 426: Space analysis

132

• Figure 427: Thermal comfort

132

• Figure 428: Grey water installation

132

• Figure 429: Solar panels

133

• Figure 430: Solar energy example

134

• Figure 431: Solar power system

134

• Figure 432: Environmental and Social diagram

134

• Figure 433: Leed logo

135

• Figure 434: Leed rating

135

• Figure 435: Leed categories

135

• Figure 436: Breeam logo

140

• Figure 437: Breeam categories

140

• Figure 438: Breeam categories pie chart

140

• Figure 439: Breeam rating

140

• Figure 440: Breeam categories

141

• Figure 441: Project Program diagram

145

• Figure 442: Project program diagram

148

• Figure 443: Fishing boat parking bay

148

• Figure 444: RC section

148

• Figure 445: Port Humble dimensions

148

• Figure 446: Floating jetty

148

• Figure 447: Keel cruiser

148

• Figure 448: Harbor dimensions

148

• Figure 449: Harbor dimensions

148

• Figure 450: Mole or dam section

149

• Figure 451: Motorboat shore

149

• Figure 452: Storage

149 239

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 453: Handling for fish processing

150

• Figure 454: Hand trolleys

150

• Figure 455: Maintenance workshop

150

• Figure 456: Maintenance area on land

150

• Figure 457: Maintenance on sea

150

• Figure 458: Maintenance plan

150

• Figure 459: Maintenance section

150

• Figure 460: Education workshop

150

• Figure 461: Education space example

150

• Figure 462: Shelf section

151

• Figure 463: Wooden shelf construction

151

• Figure 464: Warehouse usage

151

• Figure 465: Classification of storage systems

151

• Figure 466: Static assembly

151

• Figure 467: Dynamic assembly

151

• Figure 468: Black store

151

• Figure 469: High bay store

151

• Figure 470: High rock store

151

• Figure 471: Push through rock store

151

• Figure 472: Project program diagram

152

• Figure 473: Workstations ideas

152

• Figure 474: Office plan

152

• Figure 475: Office requirements

152

• Figure 476: Room spacing

152

• Figure 477: Horizontal work surface

152

• Figure 478: Office plan

152

• Figure 479: Heating panels

152

• Figure 480: Wall heights

152

• Figure 481: Air conditioning room section

152

• Figure 482: Room section

152 240

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 483: Desk dimensions

153

• Figure 484: Service counter dimensions

153

• Figure 485: Computer desk dimensions

153

• Figure 486: Space division plan

153

• Figure 487: Central Bank of Hess, Frankfurt plan

153

• Figure 488: PPC Hellige, Stuttgart plan

153

• Figure 489: Open plan office

153

• Figure 490: Priciple sales office, Frankfurt plan

153

• Figure 491: Combined office plan

153

• Figure 492: Small meeting rooms plan

154

• Figure 493: Small meeting rooms plan

154

• Figure 494: Large meeting rooms plan

154

• Figure 495: Large meeting rooms plan

154

• Figure 496: Meeting room dimensions

154

• Figure 497: Aquarium sizes

154

• Figure 498: Aquarium dimensions

154

• Figure 499: Project program diagram

155

• Figure 501: Residential building plan

155

• Figure 502: Residential elevation

155

• Figure 503: Open building section

155

• Figure 504: Kitchen dimensions

155

• Figure 505: Dining area dimensions

155

• Figure 506: Dining area dimensions

155

• Figure 507: Fire protection

155

• Figure 508: Dining room dimensions

156

• Figure 509: Dining room plan

156

• Figure 510: Toilet plan dimensions

156

• Figure 511: Toilet plan dimensions

156

• Figure 512: Clinic plan

156

• Figure 513: Clinic plan

156 241

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 514: Market plan

156

• Figure 515: Market dimensions

157

• Figure 516: Special needs plan

157

• Figure 517: Wheel chair dimensions

157

• Figure 518: Wheel chair dimensions

157

• Figure 519: Logo

159

• Figure 520: Logo

159

• Figure 521: Fishermen in Al Max

159

• Figure 522: Fishermen sawing the fish net

159

• Figure 523: Fishermen at sea

159

• Figure 524: Fishermen at shore

159

• Figure 525: Boat in sea

159

• Figure 526: Bubble diagram

160

• Figure 527: Concept 1 sketch

161

• Figure 528: Concept 1 sketch

161

• Figure 529: Concept 1 sketch

161

• Figure 530: Concept 1 sketch

161

• Figure 531: Concept 1 sketch

161

• Figure 532: Concept 1 sketch

161

• Figure 533: Concept 1 sketch

161

• Figure 534: Concept 2 sketch

162

• Figure 535: Concept 2 sketch

162

• Figure 536: Concept 2 sketch

162

• Figure 537: Concept 2 sketch

162

• Figure 538: Concept 3 sketch

163

• Figure 539: Concept 3 sketch

163

• Figure 540: Concept 3 sketch

163

• Figure 541: Concept 3 sketch

163

• Figure 542: Concept 3 sketch

163

• Figure 543: Concept 3 sketch

163 242

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 544: Sustainability diagram

164

• Figure 545: Pavegen tiles

164

• Figure 546: Pavegen tiles

164

• Figure 547: Pavegen diagram

164

• Figure 548: Aqua cell grey water system

164

• Figure 549: Image of mashrabiya

165

• Figure 550: Image of mashrabiya

165

• Figure 551: Image of mashrabiya

165

• Figure 552: Image of mashrabiya

165

• Figure 553: Hard ceiling

165

• Figure 554: Suspended ceiling

165

• Figure 555: Open ceiling

165

• Figure 556: Diagram

165

• Figure 557: Smart glass

165

• Figure 558: Bubble diagram

166

• Figure 559: Al Max

167

• Figure 560: Wind description

167

• Figure 561: Logo

167

• Figure 562: Thermal mass

167

• Figure 563: Nature ventilation diagram

167

• Figure 564: Quote

168

• Figure 565: Al Max shore

168

• Figure 566: Concept 1 sketch

168

• Figure 567: Concept 1 sketch

168

• Figure 568: Concept 1 sketch

168

• Figure 569: Crates

169

• Figure 570: Fish in crates

169

• Figure 571: Concept 2 sketch

169

• Figure 572: Concept 2 sketch

169

• Figure 573: Concept 2 sketch

169 243

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 574: Quote

169

• Figure 575: Concept 3 sketch

169

• Figure 576: Concept 3 sketch

169

• Figure 577: Concept 3 sketch

169

• Figure 578: Map

170

• Figure 579: Map

170

• Figure 580: Bubble diagram

170

• Figure 581: Concept 1 sketch

171

• Figure 582: Concept 1 sketch

171

• Figure 583: Concept 1 sketch

171

• Figure 584: Concept 1 sketch

171

• Figure 585: Concept 2 sketch

172

• Figure 586: Concept 2 sketch

172

• Figure 587: Concept 2 sketch

172

• Figure 588: Concept 2 sketch

172

• Figure 589: Concept 2 sketch

172

• Figure 590: Concept 3 sketch

173

• Figure 591: Concept 3 sketch

173

• Figure 592: Concept 3 sketch

173

• Figure 593: Concept 3 sketch

173

• Figure 594: Bubble diagram

174

• Figure 595: Logo

175

• Figure 596: Air ventilation diagram

176

• Figure 597: Electrochromic glass

176

• Figure 598: Diagram

176

• Figure 599: Diagram

176

• Figure 600: Solar water heating panels

176

• Figure 601: Water recycling system

177

• Figure 602: Water recycling system

177

• Figure 603: Al Max

178 244

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 604: Al Max

179

• Figure 605: Al Max

179

• Figure 606: Al Max

179

• Figure 607: Al Max

179

• Figure 608: Al Max

179

• Figure 609: Al Max

179

• Figure 610: Al Max

179

• Figure 611: Al Max

179

• Figure 612: Al Max

180

• Figure 613: Al Max

180

• Figure 614: Al Max

180

• Figure 615: Current Pharoes light house

181

• Figure 616: Giza Pyramids, Egypt

181

• Figure 617: Old Pharoes light house

181

• Figure 618: The seven spectrum prism

181

• Figure 619: World map

181

• Figure 620: Concept 1 sketch

182

• Figure 621: Concept 1 sketch

183

• Figure 622: Boat image

184

• Figure 623: Sea image

184

• Figure 624: Image

184

• Figure 625: Image

184

• Figure 626: Image

184

• Figure 627: Entertainment center image

184

• Figure 628: Boat in sea

184

• Figure 629: Fishermen with net

184

• Figure 630: Sketch

184

• Figure 631: Concept 2 sketch

185

• Figure 632: Concept 2 sketch

185

• Figure 633: Concept 2 in skyline

185 245

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 634: Concept 2 sketch

186

• Figure 635: Greek motif

187

• Figure 636: Millennium Bridge

187

• Figure 637: Washington University skylight

187

• Figure 638: Concept 3 sketch

188

• Figure 639: Concept 3 sketch

188

• Figure 640: Concept 3 sketch in skyline

188

• Figure 641: Concept 3 sketch

189

• Figure 642: Millennium bridge

190

• Figure 643: Millennium bridge sketch

190

• Figure 644: Cable bridge connection

190

• Figure 645: Tensile membrane

190

• Figure 646: Conic tensile shape

190

• Figure 647: Double curvature

190

• Figure 648: Millennium bridge

190

• Figure 649: Luxor arch gate

191

• Figure 650: Arched beam

191

• Figure 651: Load on arch

191

• Figure 652: Tensile rod

191

• Figure 653: Tension fabric buildings

191

• Figure 654: Social sustainability diagram

192

• Figure 655: Technological application

192

• Figure 656: Economical sustainability diagram

192

• Figure 657: Responsive skin

193

• Figure 658: Passive system roof

193

• Figure 659: Responsive skin

193

• Figure 660: Responsive skin in concepts

194

• Figure 661: Hydro energy diagram

194

• Figure 662: Façade details

194

• Figure 663: Hydro energy façade in concepts

194 246

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 664: Eco glass

195

• Figure 665: Eco glass in concepts

195

• Figure 666: Pavegen tile

196

• Figure 667: Pavegen tile

196

• Figure 668: Pavegen tile

196

• Figure 669: Pavegen tile

196

• Figure 670: Pavegen tile

196

• Figure 671: Pavegen tile in concepts

196

• Figure 672: Solar tube skylight

197

• Figure 673: Solar tube skylight

197

• Figure 674: Solar tube device control

197

• Figure 675: Solar tube skylight

197

• Figure 676: Solar tube sketches in concepts

197

• Figure 677: Bubble diagram

198

• Figure 678: Detailed zoning

198

• Figure 679: Aegean Breeze

199

• Figure 680: Bubble diagram

199

• Figure 681: Concept 1 sketches

201

• Figure 682: Concept 1 sketches

201

• Figure 683: Concept 2 sketches

202

• Figure 684: Concept 2 inspiration

202

• Figure 685: Concept 2 inspiration

202

• Figure 686: Concept 3 sketches

203

• Figure 687: Concept 3 inspiration

203

• Figure 688: Sustainability logo

204

• Figure 689: Technical studies diagram

204

• Figure 690: Technical studies diagram

204

• Figure 691: Diagram

205

• Figure 692: Al Max

205

• Figure 693: Al Max

205 247

List of Figures:

List of Figures: • Figure 694: Al Max

205

• Figure 695: Al Max

205

• Figure 697: Nature of the Earth

206

• Figure 698: Map

206

• Figure 699: Map

206

• Figure 700: Map

206

• Figure 701: Concept 1 sketches

207

• Figure 702: Concept 1 sketches

207

• Figure 703: Concept 2 sketches

208

• Figure 704: Concept 3 sketches

209

• Figure 705: Concept 3 sketches

209

• Figure 706: Image

209

• Figure 707: Image

209

• Figure 708: Image

209

• Figure 709: Image

209

• Figure 710: Image

209

• Figure 711: Image

209

• Figure 712: Ecological shield concept

210

• Figure 713: Ecological shield concept

210

• Figure 714: Indoor air quality

210

• Figure 715: Roof harvesting system

210

• Figure 716: Family materials

211

• Figure 717: Family materials

211

• Figure 718: Skin concept

211

• Figure 719: Skin concept

211

• Figure 720: Skin concept

211

• Figure 721: Image

211

• Figure 722: Image

211

• Figure 723: Functional zoning diagram

212

• Figure 724: Bubble diagram

212 248

List of Figures & Tables

List of Figures: • Figure 725: Inspiration images

213

• Figure 726: Inspiration images

213

• Figure 727: Inspiration images

213

• Figure 728: Inspiration images

213

• Figure 729: Inspiration images

213

• Figure 730: Inspiration images

213

• Figure 731: Inspiration images

213

• Figure 732: Inspiration images

213

• Figure 733: Inspiration images

213

• Figure 734: Sustainable shield

214

• Figure 735: Organic structure

214

• Figure 736: Extended platform

214

• Figure 737: Extended platform

214

• Figure 738: Extended platform

214

List of table figures: • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Table 001: Historical inhabitants Table 002: Historical inhabitants Table 003: Historical inhabitants Table 004: Historical inhabitants Table 005: Sustainable criteria for LEED Table 006: Sustainable criteria for LEED Table 007: Sustainable criteria for LEED Table 008: Sustainable criteria for LEED Table 009: Buildings assessed using BREEAM Table 010: Buildings assessed using BREEAM Table 011: Space program Table 012: Space program Table 013: Water recycling system Table 014: Individual space program

014 014 014 015 136 137 138 139 142 143 146 147 178 200

249

Digital; Receipt

250

2017 - 2018 MODERN SCIENCE AND ARTS UNIVERSITY (MSA) Faculty of Engineering Architecture Department

Graduation Project I, Al Max Bay, Fishing Logistics Center 6th of October City , 12686 - Wahat Road, 243, www.msa.edu.eg