All enquiries to The Order of St . John should be directed to their Stores Dept. , St. John's Gate,
It has always occurred to me that our Department at Priory House, St. John' Gate, is incorrectly named. It is callcd the Store Department and yet the [unction oE the Department i · not to store at all, but to purchase and upply - to purchase those item which are required by the Order of t. John and its Foundations, ctc., throughout thc world, and to upply First Aid material", uniform, etc., to all voluntary members of the organisation so that they might do thcir duty "moothly and efficiently.
We arc, in fact, almost a mail order hou c. Ordcr are received at Priory House from allover the V\ orld, they arc screened, checked and then executed as quickly a we can do them. Unfortunately, delays do occur due to the fact that writing sometimes i" not legible, the order docs not tate exactly what is n.:qulrcd, and we make mi take. Anyone \\ho say that they operate thLir bU'>tne s without mi takes being made IS not admitting the truth. HonesLly and genuinely we try to do our best with the limited stafT \\ hich we have avadable.
ow we have come to the point where we must introduce new techniq ues 10 dealing with the Accoun l'i Department, the Stock RecordlOg Department and the stock generall). We arc therefore embarking on computerisation. .lturally, you in the Brigade throughout the world will a<;k "How wile thi a/Tect u ?", and I can only answer by aying "I hope it will give to both of us a cl?ser and more intimate knowledge o[ how we each work. We will tn to understand your problems and in so doing, try to pre ent th goods we have in the Store, and our method of accounting in as simple a way a possible."
Take the tep logically. We have in our Department many items of uniform, books and publications, badges and buttons, together with Fir t Aid kit and equipment. All of these items, if laid out, illustrate an exten ive range of goods and it becomes necessary, therefore, to give each one a product code number. 1 he code number will have a prefix and thi will enable us to refer to the catalogue for that type of equipment. For example, one catalogue will deal with "Training Manual and A ociated Teaching Aids." The Fir t Aid Manual is one 01 the e; and the code reference of this book will be "P" = Publication, followed by the code number 00 I 00. So when in future you order First Aid Manual, your order will read- POOIOO, the quantity will be given next and the de cription follows. The arne will apply with badge and button and indeed all ot the items in Store. It will then be easy, at a glance, to tell which ection of the catalogue the good required come from, and tho e re ponsible for checking the order will find their work greatly ea ed.
Each Division and l n it o f th e Brigade will recehe a complete et of price Ii t , a new order book and instruction for filling in the order form.
The next point which mu t be made relate, of cour e, to the fact that all account held by u at Priory Hou e, are in fact a record of our dealing between a Brigade or A 0ciution Unit and thi Department. The uccount i held in the name of the Diviional Superintendent or enior Officer-in-Charge of the Unit or the Centre ecretary in re pect of Assoc iation entres.
The Order Form V\ill contain a space for thi type of information
and you will be asked to print clearly at the top of the order form the number and name of the Brigade Division, Unit or Centre and not to u e abbreviation. Immediately below thi is provided a space for the name and rank of the O fficer completing the order, with th eir address, and a space is f urther provided for the Order N u mber. The Divi ional Account Number now appears. This is new, and each Diviion, Unit or Centre will be given an Account Number which will appear on their invoices and statemen ts. This will be conveyed to you when the new order books and catalogues are distributed.
The comput e ri ation of thi s D e pa rtment wi)] e nable us to mainta in a ccura te s tock r ecord, thereb y Ie se ni ng the ri s k of being out of tock o f a pa rticular line. We hall be a ble to trace more easil y tho e p e ople who are bad debtors and, s in ce a nal ys i by the computer is o d eta il e d , a ccurate forecasts with r ega rd to other matt e rs will be able to be made.
Yes, I know there are alway tho e dismal "Jimmie" who say "Computer! Enough of that nOllen e"; my an wer to them i always the we are an Order rich in hi tory, long in tradition, and d ate back in time even to the tart almo t of Briti h hi tory. If we are to leap forward, we cannot allow our elve to be bogged down with out-oE-date methods which are low and costly to maintain. The image of St. J oh n mu t be one of peed, accuracy and efficiency. Your voluntary ervice in the field mu t be backed by a good upply line from the Store. To do thi we mu t be modern in our method ; then and only then, will we feel that our job like your, ha been well done.
J. W
Sales Promotion Leafl e t
A 010 t attractiVe leaflet to boost the ale of the "Review" now available, free from the torc Department, Priory Hou e, St. John' Gate Clerkenwell.
Please make Ufe that you have a upply at all functions.
P.R.O.s pleasc make your pocket bulge with yet some more "mu t" paper.
One of the results of the qucstionnaire howed that many centres and division had never heard of it
Some of you may get sick of the ight oE the· e leaflet, but please swallow hard and try to think of omeone
you have not yet approached-or if without re ult- end them another and another- they will give in, if only to e cape.
Selling i a hard and up-hill bu ine sand, perhap , we tend to get di eouraged too quickly.
Only with a greatly increa ed circulation can we build up your magazine into omething of which you ca n be proud.
PLEASE DO N OT IG OR E TIDS APPE AL FOR Y OUR HELP
LOOKING AROUND
Very grateful thanks to everyone who ha upported the magazine. Apologies to those who e contribution have not appeared. It is hoped, however, that by continuing this column at lea t a few more mentions of event an d ac tivities over a wider area of the country can be ma d e.
J ust one more request for help. Please give plenty of notice of changes of addre ; alteration in the number of copies required; and, if you can spare the time, il would be helpful if reasons for not renewing your sub cription could be note d on the reminder form. 1 hall be grateful, too, for notice of the death of a sub criber a it ometimes causes di tress to the relative (or copie to be delivered Thi information to me direct, plea e.
Two of the highlights at the end of la t year were the visits by H.M. The Queen to S1. John' Gate to sign the Homage R oll and to see her portrait in the Chapter lInll , and H. R .H. The Princess Margaret's visit to Lincoln hire to open the new Headquarters at Scunthorpe- picture in Febr u ary issue
Another item of news from Lincoln hire comes from Grirnsby. The President of the Cadet Divi ion , Mr. D C. F. Carter, has presented a copy of the very striking picture by Anna Zinkeisen (of two cadet) to the Cromwell Social Club. The presentation wa to mark the Brigade's gratitude for the Club's very generou financial help for a number of years.
NEW APPOINTMEN TS
MRS. m ENE CA T H C ART succeeds MISS EILEEN WOO L RI CH as Director of the St. John & Red ross Services Hospital Welfare Department. Mi s Woolrich has taken over as StafI Officer , Oversea , from Mr Eileen Gurteen.
RETffiEME NTS
MI SS M URIEL W ATS O N, O.B. E , Principal Administrative Officer, Superintendent-in-Chiefs Department, and MR. A . F. NUNN, Assistant Brigade Secretary . Warmest good wi hes to them and Mrs. Gurteen they will be very much missed.
BACK NUMBERS
It is very much regretted that back numbers (except for April 1968, which is out of print) are available only from January 1968. If it is a special article, I will be happy to lend my file copy, if, unlike the Editor, the recipient will guarantee its return.
CON GRATULATIO NS
MISS ALI CE MAU D WALK E R , M .B .E., celebrated h er 100th birthday on December 10. She became Superinten d en t of the Post Office Nursing Division in 1914 an d was appointed Superintendent (N) London District in 1935, a post she held for twelve years. She was promoted to a Dame of Grace of the Order in ] 942. Miss Walker now lives in West Worthing, Sus ex. By -the-way, the D elicious Fruit Board present grapes to centenarians-a scheme which has been operating for fourteen years and in 1968 more than ] ,000 boxes were distributed. R eaders may care to send particulars of people w h o will reach 100 (or over) this year so that they may receive a parcel. Details to Lord Napier, Heron H ouse, 19, Marylebone Road, London , N.W I Lord Na p ier started the scheme when he became interested i n t h e welfare of the older citizen while on a visit to Britain from South Africa where he had a fruit farm Si n ce then many fellow farmers have become interested a nd willingly support the scheme.
2
EU ROPE AN RAR E BLOOD B ANK
Trail fusion centre of thc 15 member countrics of thl: ouncil of Europe' scheme for exchanging therapeutic ub tanccs of human origin will oon have a Bank for frozen blood of rare group at Am tcrdam. Until now the e rarc group have bcen availablc only as dircct tran fusions, donor' particulars kcpt on the Intcrnational Regi ter in London "Evcn direct tran fu ion in an emergency does not providc the arne guarantee a transfu ion from tocks of blood whieh havc becn submitted to the nece ary control." There another intere'iting angle to thi project, that the donor might wcll get "hi -own-back."
A TRE ATMENT F OR P R ESSU R E SOR E S
I n the" ursing Time " (NO\embe[ 8) there appealcd a piecc by Stephanie legholn, N Z.R N ., R M M ., regarding the unu ual treatment of pre , ure orc the treatment is to blow pure oAygcn tmight from the cylinder on to the area for Jivc minute tv icc a day he ay,"1 have per onally seen the re ult of thi rather incredible treatment We tricd (over 18 month) all the old methods. There wa no improvement ... 1 have . [nee tricd this method my elf and the fe'iult'i arc indecd proof of ucce ."
SN IPP ETS
O versea
It was interc ting to ee from the recent que tionna[ re that over ea reader want more "ho mc" ne\>; and ,icc vcr a. Regret to ay not nearly enough item come from over ea Never mind if pictures are dlfJleult , plea e write about your activitie
A number of Bra nches are "affiliated" WIth one anothcl all over the world. Can omeone comc up with a cheme to cxpand thi very valuable intercommunication. exchange of view and, a important, k.eeping thc link.s strong throughout the world a that when v e travel wc know omcthing about our colleagues and we can be ready to give them a rcally \>;arm wclcome. C ot ing that the warm welcome is cver lading but it alway,; helps to break the icc if you know 'iomcthing about your gue t and hosts in advance)
Tasma ni a
Whenever anyone tart their own magazine I have everal ort of fits J low will it afTect the "Review."
Thi make a comment on the publication a battle (the comment i reque ted , of cour e), but truth win. 0 the new "The First Aid Po t: published b) Ta mania District, the newest Sl. John maga7ine, should be a grcat success. It i alive, particularly in letting local Divi ion know what i going on. One quote which give food for thought i "The nose people look down are quite often the one they can't sec beyond."
Grateful thank to Tasmania Oi trict (among many others at home and abroad) for doubling their order for the l. John "Review." This ha nothing to do with the warm reception of their own magai'ine Best wishes and I look forward to future editions.
So uth Af ric a
P Oli E li zabeth floods. From Adam Brand 's Diary : " Many heroic deeds were perfonned during the Port Elizabeth floods ." " And a small band of people , with more than a few brave act to their credit, were member of the Sl. John Ambulance Brigade .... "
For the victim and the re cuer fire, nood and di aster is as tragic wherever it may Occur. But, what is a consolation, is the way that St. John, and other volunteers, never fail to meet the challenge, a Mr. Brand says "Quietly and unobtru ively. " He al 0 ays (and this can be echoed over the world), "Unfortunately, it takes a disaster l ike the flood to bring home to members of the public the value of the voluntary service of the e efficient and hardworking people. "
(A letter from Mr. John Frances paints the picture only too vividly and it will be in the February issue .)
FROM R E PORTS & PRESS CUTTINGS
Wales
I n the "Carmarthen Times," November 27, there was a report and picture about the magnificent efTort of the Ambulance and Nursing Cadet Divi ions in converting an old hut into a Headquarters of which they can be justly proud. Apart being for to meet and practice It wlll proVide faclhtles for runmng courses for the public when an emergency may mean a lif e in y our h a nd s .
Northem Ireland
The Mini ter of Health & Social ervice attended the Annual , ir Otto Lund Trophy Competitions this year and pointed out that Brigade members had given 75 ,000 hours of voluntary duty and treated over 2,800 casualties. The competition i between team from Eire and Northern Ireland which wa won by Dublin. The figure relate to N .!. A picture of the winning kam in action will appear in the February is ue.
The Annual Men' Training Coul' e, .1. District, this year had its ight on current problem : Heart Tranplants' Gynaecology; Ophthalmic; Drug Addiction ; anG Telecommunication In their pare time delegates heard peaker on purely t. John matters. We hope to publish a fuller report on the proceeding in February / March.
As us u a l I' m r un ni ng o u t of p a c e-- 0 very, ve r y b rie fl y:
Bedf ord shir e
Luton No. 1 ursing Divi ion won the Wernher Cup in the County Quiz.
Berkshire
The Eton & Di trict Combined Divi ion (of which H.R H. Prince William of Gloucester wa a member) gave a large cale demon tration to bring home to the public the need of Sk ill ed A j d o n ih e S pot. They hope, and every good wi h goes to them, that people who take the cour e will also join the Brigade.
Lancas hir e
Accrington & Darwen team wept the board at the o. 1 Area First id Competition, held at Burnley Police H Q One of the te t (very gory) was a fight between two member of a youth club - one armed with a bottle. Fortunately the e in tance are i olated, but, neverthele , you have to be prepared. When you are trained to do a job, and you know what you will have to face, you go into action and do it-you ::an be sick afterward. There i no sub titute for realism in training a really efficient body
Sussex
Hor ham Oivi ion and C.O. Due to the effort of Mr. and Mr Fitton , uperintendent of the Hor ham Ambulance & Nur ing Divi ion, e -Civil Defence members in the area will tart training again and orne will be joining the Brigade Report of "exerci e" in February issue.
Lond on Distri ct report with ix excellent picture appeared in the " Mlddlesex Adverti er & Gazette" about One of the large t fir t aid cour e organi ed by the Haye Divi ion. Over 7,0 people attended, of which a number wi h to join the Bngade. It would be helpful if, when such a valuable feature, and report, appear in your local paper, omeone would end to the "Review" the name and full detail of the people in the picture and report a oon a it i published.
Hampshire
Central. Area Transport Divi ion, Chandler' Ford, got a wnte-up in the "Ea tleigh Weekly New" for a film to an invited audience from a wide variety of organtsatlOn . Dr. A. McGregor, Medical Officer of 3
Health for Southampton, presided. One of the films was "Hands in Action" produced in America and shown for the first time in the U.K. D r. McGregor commented on the difference in tae techniques of teaching in the two countries, "In some ways the amount of material shown in the American film was in advance of the aids available in this country. " The film in question was available by court8sy of the R oyal Society for the Promotion of Health.
Lancashire
Under the auspices of the Army Youth Training Scheme, Cadets from Barrow attended a course at Sawrey (Lake Windermere) in canoeing, swimming and lifesaving drill. All qualified.
Maghull Division's New H.Q. Afloat
The Maghull Division have bought the "Ruth Bate," a grain barge which u ed to chug up and down the Mersey. They have converted her into their floating H.Q . and she i moored on the Leeds & Liverpool canal at Red Lion Bridge. Although she will provide excellent accommodation for meetings and training courses, more funds are needed to make her completely '·ship-shape.'·
Surrey
D /S RICHARD DO LAN, Horley Ambulance Division, received a Meritorious ervice Certificate from Captain F . J. Cartwright, Commi ioner in recognition of the outstanding work performed by the Horley & Gatwick Divi ion during the floods last autumn. One of the main difficulties during this operation was lack of communication and has given a pur to the Brigade's forward-looking policy of equipping key members with "walkie-talkie" radios.
Still with Horley, this time the Nursing Division, it is good to report that over £140 was raised at their Chri tmas Fair, which they intend to use to give their equipment a "face-lift.·' Both events were featured in the "Horley Advertiser:'
HER MAJESTY, accompanied b y the Lord Prior of the Ord e r , The Lord Wak e hur s t th e Commission e r-in-Chi e f th e Superintendent-in-Chi ef and Executive Officers inspect ed th e Lond on District Guard of Honour.
HER MAJESTY THE QUEE IWIS presellted with (/ hOllqllet hy Miss Doreen Sainshllry, Da genham Nllrsillg add DiI'ision, durillg \ isit to St. 10hn's Cote to see the lIe\\' portrOlt in her rohes (/!) 501'ereigll H ead of the Order.
NEWS FRDM THE CENTRES NOTTS
HOW CAN YOU SMILE WHEN YOU WANT TO EMPHASIZE A POINT
MR. K HODDY, F.1.CA.P., Senior Ill.ltructor at the R etford, Nolfs. Centre, in spite of being faced wilh no l ectllre room alld 90 candidates, had all added reason for I/ot smiling. However, with the willing co-operation of the Fire Brigade the courses are 11011' held ill their leCl"re 1'00111.'1. III addirion to trailling Fire Brigade lIlelllher,\ alld rhe pl/hlic it is hoped that a Brtgade IInitll/ill he formed frolll tho\£' who qualify for their cerrificares. A grear deal of hard wor/,. has heen Pllt into these COllrse\ and it i \ hoped that their efforts will he rell'arded.
MANCHESTER Centre - 13th Annual First Aid Competitions
SIXTY TEAMS cOlllpeted in the Mallchester Celltre'!) 13th Allnllal Open First Aiel Competitions which was 11'011 hv the HUTTON DIVI 10 ,LA CASHIRE
CONSTABULA RY. The COllliJetitions are held ill Manche ,lter Ul/iI'ersit)' of which
th e Cent r e President, Professor Sir WilliaJ/l Mallsfield Cooper. is ViC£'-Clial/ccl/or, th e Celltre express their than/,s for these facilities. Holdillg the "OPt II" 5//{e/c/ alld Sen 'ices Trophy: M. Watsoll (Captaill), I Moss. A. Roher's, I. Comer. 7
Picture Co\'Cragc Ltd.
CARE OF THE OLDER C][T][ZEN
by
Miss Rose A. B. Baker, S.R.N., M.T.D., H. V. Cert., Queen's Nurse, Deputy Chief Nursing Officer, Queen's Institute of District Nursing
PARTll Psychological Considerations and Illness
Last month we looked at the physical ways in which old people can be encouraged to live as full a life as possible. This second article deals with the psychological aspects of their well-being and care during illness.
As people grow older, their mental abilities slow down or diminish, as do their physical abilities. It is more difficult to remember, to understand, to think
MEMORY
Ageing people often find it more difficult than formerly to remember facts. We are all familiar with the old person who describes fully the experiences of childhood and yet is unable to remember the happenings of yesterday, or items that have been told even a short time earlier. If such an old person needs to remember certain things, these shOUld be written down and the paper put in a prominent place so that it is easily seen.
REASONING
old people retain the ability to think and reason, but do this much more slowly than formerly. It is not unusual to find an old person giving the answer to a question several minutes after it has been asked-probably when the questioner has forgotten the question. Therefore, when speaking to old people, we must give them sufficient time to think. This applies als? .'Yhen they undertake physical actlvitIes; they may take a long time to do tasks, but if left to work at their own pace, may be capable of doing many things very well.
PURPOSE IN LIFE
It is very important to make old people feel wanted and that they still have a part to play in life. This is best achieved if they can stay
in or near the family and within the community to which they belong.
LIVING WITH THE FAMILY
When old people have to give up their own home to live with their children, life has more purpose if Grandma can baby-sit, knit, ew , prepare vegetables or carry out other jobs for the family, and if Grandpa can clean shoes, read to the children, potter about in the garden, etc. Thi will help them to feel they are part of the family and contributing to its activity.
If older members of the family are living with those of younger generations, it i important for each to have the opportunity to get away from the other. The older folk need some respite from the noi e of children; for example , healthy teenagers and their pop record. The children may also be irritated if constantly under the watchful eyes of older relatives.
Mutual respect of one genera tion for another in a hou ehold is more likely to be engendered if the older mem bers have their own room to go to in the evenings, with the remainder of the family visiting them for short period, always remembering to knock on the door and ask if it is convenient to visit at that time.
The hou seho lder and his wife also need some time to themselves, to enjoy each other's company and have time to discuss problems or topics of interest to themselves, without their elders listening in.
LIVING ALONE
When old people live alone, usually the determination to continue to live in their own home and care for themselves gives them a purpose for Jiving. Neverthe]css, these people can become very lonely when unable to get out because of 8
Movement out of bed helps to ensure that area subjected to pressure are changed and deeper breathing is encouraged.
Wh ether the old person i nursed in or out of bed, he should be encouraged to move and help himself as much as po sible. A table or locker hould be put near the bed, with articles for use within e:lsy reach. This is very important lor a troke patient. As soon a po sible he hould be encouraged to use his good hand and arm, the bed table being placed on the good side.
HAVING A WONDERFUL TIME
increasing infirmity. 1 he voluntary organisation do valuable work. visiting lonely old people. service will need to be e,tended 3"i the number of people living to a greater age increases.
Old people may be enabled to continue living at home through the help of relatives, neighbou r s and friend. Other sl:ryice'i n1a\ be requirl:d are the distnct nUr'ie. home help, meals on heels, transport to luncheon or olu peopk's club, and outings pr o vided h) members of voluntary organi"ations with car. These services, be ide meeting a particular need, will provide company and inte re t in people and activities outside the home, which will help to relieve or prevent loneliness.
Whether old people live alone or with others, everything nlust be done to prevent thenl beCOnliTlg l iclims of accideTlts in or out of the home.
CARE DURING ILLNESS
Two important principles appl) when caring for old people :
1. Never perform any task for them which they can do for themsehes.
2. As far as pO"isible avoid keeping old people in bed.
An old person who is kept completely in bed i prone to develop hypostatic pneumonia, incontinence, pres sores, weaknes of the limbs and mental disorientation .
Providing the old person is kept in a room with the temperature maintained at 65 deg. F., he may be more comfortable if helped out of bed onto a suitable, high-backed chair [or intervals during the day, or onto a commode rather than u ing a bedpan for toilet purpo se".
The height or the chair eat and commode should be at the same level a the mattress, 0 that movement from one to another is implified.
When an old per on become ... ill, he needs all the nursing care a described in the ursing Manual 01 the St. John Ambulance clatlon, t. Andrew' Ambulance As ociation and the British Red Cross Society. This include,> care of the skin, hair, nails, mouth, teeth, excreta, and advice about diet, fluid,;, and the correct poition of the patient
Doctor' order · must be followed regarding laking temperatures, pulse and respiration, and the giving of medicines a nd any other treatment.
PRESSURE SORES
Pre<;"ure "ores are caused by continuous pre,>sure on any part, e.g., buttock, elbow , heel, houlder." etc. Crea<;e in . heets, crumb" and dampness, or any wbstancl: which may irritate the skin, can cau e breakdown. Movement of the patient into a difTerent pmition every two or three hour,; to relieve pressure i most important.
An old person all da\ in one position in a chair can' get pressurc sores also. Change of po ition for him i equally important: it may be possible to teach him to rise frequently from the eat 01 the chair, by pu hing with the arms and hand on the arms of the chair The use of foam rubber on seat and arms of the chair may be helpful.
If change of po ition is not poIble, the part subjected to pre sure be wa hed and ma<;saged wlt h the hand to encourage circulatIOn and keep the kin healthy.
SIGNS OF ACUTE ILLNESS
When caring for old people, we must alway be on the alert for sign and symptoms of acute illness. The e are not always ea y to detect, as old people may not have the igns and , ymptom usually seen when younger people become ill. An old person cH.n rapidly develop b"onchopneumom3, acutc bronchitis, or other acute infection with the temperature remaining ub-normal. The igns to watch for are: c.hanges in the colour of face and lips, the rate and type of breathing, the and. type of pul e, 10 of appetl te, Ii stlessne s, incoheren t peech, drowsiness, mental con-
PiCTURE SHOWS th e Cohlwm Ambulance and ursing Dil isioIlS, with their Presidellts and Vice-Presidentl' alld gllests at a I' ery happy gatherin(? at St. John HOLHe dl/ring their Chri\lillos Porty. (See A ppeal.l Corner , p(/ge 26).
fu ion, and incontinence in a normally continent per on. \ariat ion from fhe normal rna" be an indication that the old per.,on is le ss well and his doctor be called.
TREATMENT OF HYPOTHERMIA
A mentioned in the last i<; ue, hypothermia mu t be avoided, if ro<;sible. However, if a per on i found to be ver) cold to touch, slow to react or perh3p almot unconscious, he s hould be treated as in a '>tate of h)pothermia (if poible, to tak.e the actual temperature, il would probabl) be below 95 deg. F.l The doctor hould be ent for urgently
The patient hould be put on the bed or chair and covered \\ ith light bed clothing. The atmo phere should be warmed by lighting a fire (electric or gas are quicke t), and cIa ing windows and door.... othing hot hould be put near the patient, uch a a hot water bottle or electric bla n ke t. If the pa tient icon ciou and able to drink., give a mall warm drink (not hot) 1t i" mo t important for the per<;on to be warmed up gradually - warming too rapidly can cause death. The doctor will probably end the palient into ho pitaL
THE UNCONSCIOUS PATIENT
When a patient i apparent!) unconsciou, it must be remembered that he may still be able to hear It i therefore important to move quietly around the room, being careful not to k.nock the bed, and not to say anything in the patient' hearing that might upset him. When about to carry out any nur ing 9
procedure, quietly tell him what )ou are about to do. He mu t be kept as clean and dryas po ible: mouth toilet is particularly important.
THE END OF LIFE
When patient are getting to the end of their lives, they may wi h to see old friend and relative (omet;mes to make up difference) or have a vi it from a minister of religion Everything hould be done to arrange for the e wi he to be fulfilled.
An old per on ha been ill for a long time may become ver) tr)ing. 1t i ea y for tho ' e caring for the old per on to get tired and irritable, when omething ma) be s3id or done which i afterward regretted. They hould be helped to real i e that illne or infirmity rna. have cau cd a change in the old per on' behaviour, or he may be afraid of dying If under tanding and patience are e'(erci ed, much unhappine may be avoided.
CONCLUSIO
If the older citizen i treated \\ith respect, made to feel life till ha purpo e, and encouraged to accept aids (mechanical and human) to help overcome phy ical di abilitie, th latter end of life can be a very happy time.
Editor's ;Vote: Useful information 011 the 1celfare serdce available for elderly and handi capped people is gil' ell ill the t. John Ambu lance Brigade "Guide to IreIfare en'ices," obtainable fro111 the Order of t. John Lores Department. Priory House, t. John's Gale, Clerl.-eT/well. LOT/dOli, E.C.l, price Is. (pIllS postage).
Visuai Aid
MR. T. HOPE has come up with a great idea for those at-the-back-of-the-haLL beillg able to see. By staining the two edges of a roller bandage with ink the technique is visiblecompare it with the picture below-equally lI' ell "put-on" but el'en ill a picture, taken IIlIder ideal conditions, it could well be a plaster cast.
HOW TO TAKE Orr A BA DAGE R es//he IlIlIh lIlId !,?clltlr GA UP /he hallt/age. OT (IS ill the pictllre IlIlpend Iilllh in mid-air (/1/(1 "screw-oJf" 111(/11)' oj III who had heen pa/iellts I/{/I 'e beell grateJlI1 tltot tltc inj llry is only Sill/lIll1tec/. Not ('J/ollgh e l/lphasi 1 il gil'e ll t o th e proper way oj taUn g ofJ (I bandage- jllst {IS ill/portallt as th e correct lIpplicatioll.
In many thing in life mi take s occur, but they are of no great con eq uence.
In accident and emergencie the First Aider or Nurse mu t make a quick appreciation, decide prioritie . and ACT, doing the right thing in the right order. This require a high level of knowledge, understanding, kill and the ability to apply them under condition of tress. If not, then the consequence to the ca ualty / patient could be disastrou .
It follow that only the be t teaching by the best teacher i good enough for an organisation uch a St. John.
In the near future I will touch on orne of the principle of in truction, in particular the preparation and planning of in truction, but Jet u remind our elve of the aims in teaching:
The e are:
Clear and permanent gra p of significant knowledge. kilful work.
Jntere t and ati faction in po e ion of knowledge , under tanding, kill and ability to u c.
Remember: the purpo e of teaching is to facilitate learning.
Teaching i a practical art and every good teacher i both arti t and craft man. Almo t any intelligent per on can acquire the kill - indeed, mu t acquire, before etting out to teach.
It i not enough to like the idea nor to want to teach nor to know the ubject thoroughly , important a the e are, but you mu t have ability to communicate knowledge to other.
Whether omeone can recall and apply knowledge and skill at orne time in the future and it might be month or year ahead, depend how weI} the in truction i RECEIVED and RETAINED. (It 1 u to think of thing we have remembered and out !n our recollection, they are !l10 tly things. 1ll wl:llch we have been inten ely or In whIch our emotion have been mvolved.) there i a clo e relation hip between l.earnlllg and teaching and a need for a partnership between teacher and pupil.
Both mu t be convinced of the worthwhilene of the ubjcct.
Both mu t be enthu ia tic; the teacher mu t want to teach, and the pupil to learn.
The right method of pre entation mu t be u ed of basic principle mu t be clear. Thl will be achieved by proper preparation the Sl?n o.f detail the proper u' e of aids, and a thorough under tandino- of the ubJect. b 11
The student will retain impressions if they are vivid, if he concentrates, makes proper notes, revises and practises, if he has an understanding of principles, if he has been shown how to apply knowledge and skill, and has a continuing interest in the subject.
Instruction will only be successful if it is properly prepared and planned. Marshall the facts, make certain you have the necessary knowledge and under tanding. ever accept any statement, verbal or written, unless it is ab olutely clear. Dissect the textbook, read between the lines continually asking WHY. Only when we've got the answers to all our que tions will we rea]]y understand.
Decide on the best method of presentation, do not forget that people retain comparatively little of what they hear-it can be as little as 10 per cent, but might have 100 per cent retention of something they have done, e.g. riding a bicycle. First aid and nur ing are largely practical things; therefore people mu t be taught how to DO. Consider the aids that will be needed, the class, how much they already know, are they quick / slow to learn, what are they being trained for?
The actual lesson falls naturally into three parts the Beginning, the Middle. and the End.
THE BEGINNING
At the beginning any preliminary administrative matter hould be disposed of quickly.
If there ha been any previous related instruction then REVISE by putting a few searching questions to the class to make certain they are ready to progress to the ne t tep.
Then give your aim and reasons why, so that the cla know what they are being taught and why it is impor.tant. (Rever e the e if the appeal is greater.)
The aIm should be imply tated, limited in extent and achievable.
THE MIDDLE
We now come to the teaching part-the Middle. Here the subject matter should be con idered; only that which i relevant to achieving the aim, prune out everything but that which must go in Divide the ubject matter into heading and put into a logical order. From the point of of LEAR I G thi might not be the order in a te ' tbook. Divide into tage -difficult material into horter tage than that which i ea y to ab orba tage being that amount of material which your cIa can ab orb at anyone time without difficulty. Plan to ask for que tion from the cla at the end of tage and to put a que tion or two to the cIa to make certain there are no difficultie and (Colltinlled 01/ page 27)
John Warburton
Pony trekking fir t came to Scotland from Norway, and very quickly proved so popular a a holiday that centres were et up in Wales and many part of England and one in Northern Ireland.
You do not need a great deal of riding kill for pony trekking for you will be moving only at a walking pace. Each group of riders is accompanied by a leader or instructor, and you should manage quite well if you follo\o\ his or her advice and instructions. The hints and reminders in this article will be useful even if you have done some riding and will help the mo t complete beginner to feel confident and so enjoy the holiday from the very tart.
The Pony
Your pony is the most important factor in your holiday and you will want to make friends with him. Speak to him quietly, pat him firmly, treat him with gentleness and consideration and he will respond by doing his best for you.
The trekking centre responsible for providing you with a pony of sufficient size and sturdiness to carry you without strain, for seeing that he is watered, fed, groomed and shod, that his bridle and saddle fit him well, and that both the pony and his equipment are kept in good condition. The following notes will help you to judge for yourself that all is well.
A pony in good condition is neither thin nor over-fat. His eyes are bright and head held up. A pony in bad condition looks dull and dejected; he is likely to be thin, though his belly may be large He tires easily, and is likely to develop lamenes s and saddle sores.
The size your pony shou ld be depends on your weight. For a child up to seven stone he may be as small as 12 hands. (A hand is four inches, and is measured at the shoulder.) From seve n to nine sto ne he shou ld be not less than 13 hands. Heavier than this you need a cob of 14 hands or more. If you are not an experienced rider you will feel much heavier to your pony.
12
Pony Trekking in Northern Ireland
YOU DO 'T HAVE TO K OW holl' 10 mil' 10 ('njoy Ihis lIelil·ily. Mis r/orC'lIce AI/en, lI ho Ide so IIWI1"\ irishwOIII('n, I\'O.\" born 111 Ihe soddle lind rulls celllre from Ihe Ro \/Joro HOle!, Roslrel'o r, hilI her cOll1paniOIl is 0 yOllllg lady /rolll Kelll wilh no prel'io lls experience, bill, whell Ihis piclure lI'a .\ I(dell, she had cOllie hac/.. /nr Jnore. Thi i\ (e.\cepl for greal wal/..en), Ihe only r('al lI 'a \' 0/ H'eillg Ihe cnll 11 In'side.
All trekking animals hould be ofturdy build, in good condition and not Ie than four years old nor more than eighteen.
Before each day's trek the ponie must be watered, fed, groomed, addled and bridled, and if the talT of the trekking centre want you to help they will show you \\ hat to do
Saddle and Bridle
The e must both fit well, and be kept alway for the pony they belong to. For your afety and his comfort all leather must be kept clean and supple with saddle-soap or oil. The saddle mu t be kept well-stuITed, so that when you arc sitting on it there is till a good air-space along the pony's spine. If the saddle come to re t on the pine, eriou addle sores will result, and it i not good enough ju t to put a blanket under it in tead of re- tuffing. Before addling, brush the back firmly to remove dried sweat. Thi i e ential to prevent saddle sore. At the ame time look out for any lump or tenderness under the saddle, '0 that the pony can be rested at thi stage, before an open sore develops.
Mounting
Stand at your pony's left shoulder facing hi tail, hold the reins and grasp his mane with your left hand, put your left foot in the stirrup, spring up, winging your right leg over hi back, and lower your elf G TL Y into the addle . It i best at first to make u e of anything you can find uitable to serve as a mounting block, and to get omeone to hold the saddle in place by pulling on the right stirrup. When di mounting, first take BOTH feet out of the tirrups, then swing your right leg over, and slide to the ground. Once you are mounted, sit well down in the MIDDLE of the addle, your back traight but not sUIT. Never it farther back in the saddle than the middle of it or you may strain the pony's back. Your legs should be over the girth, and the instructor will help you to adjust the tirrups so that they are level, and neither too long nor too short. To keep your elf , ecure
in the addle alway press your knees against it and keep your HEEL DOWN.
Hold the rein one in each hand, hands held low and close together, elbow in, and keep only a light "feel" on the reins, letting your hands give with the movement of the pony's head. Never tug or jerk the reins, or, worst of all, use them to hold on by. ( In emergency hold on to the neck-strap, if one i provided, or to the pony's mane)
To move forward, ease the reins and pre s your heels back again the pony's flank To turn, pull gently with the rein on the side you want to go, at the ame time pressing with your opposite leg. To top, pull both rein, easing them again when he docs o. This is all you need to know in order to keep in line, and to keep up with the pony in front. If at any time your pony's stride feel'> uneven, or his head nod irregularly, he may be lame, so report at once to the leader ince of course no pony may be ridden \0\ hen lame.
When going uphill, LEA FORWARD, and keep remembering to sit in the middle of the ..,addle. Before going downhill be ..,ure your addle is secure; if the girth are loo..,e you may lide over the pony's neck.
Try alway,> to SIT TlLL. Movement in the saddle and hifting of your weight may result in saddle sore, po ibly for you as \\-ell as for the pony.
The i\lid-Da) Brea"
When you stop for lunch, remember that your pony i even more in need of rest and refreshment than you are. The trek leader is responsible for seeing that the ponie are watered and fed, and ""ill tell you \\ hether they are to be tabled, turned loose for gra7ing, or tied up in the open.
In this ca..,e be sure that your pony ha shelter or shade to protect him from heat and flies. If the addles are not to be removed, the girth I11U t be looened (and tightened again before you remount).
ever u e the rein for tying up your pony. A rope attached to a head tall or halter be provided for thi purpo e.
What to wear
. Jodhpurs are the most comfortable, and the easiest to ride
In, but slacks will do if they are thick: cotton jeans are not good .enough You need cotton shirts and a pullover, and a mackll1tosh, either full-length, or a short one and mackinto h Plastic macs are not strong enough, and may flap 111 wll1d and so frighten your pony. Your head needs from sun and rain, and if you have not got a velvet ndll1g-hat, a head-scarf or beret will do well.
To prevent saddle-sores for yourself, wear smooth-fitting underwear, and apply surgical spirit daily for a week or two before your holiday. If neces sary rub with wet soap before each day's ride, but not if the skin is broken Stiffness can be ome if you have not ridden lately, and Ep om alts 111 a hot bath at the end of each day will help. Jodhpur
are nece sarily very brief but if you wi h to learn more about ponie and riding, the fo II 0\\ ing books are \\ell \\orth reading: HORSE KEEPERS E'CYCLOPAEDIA, W. H Walters Right Way Book, 7 . 6d.
February 27 March 13
March 26
March 29
E
BRIGADE
PPLY AMB L E TR GIRL BRIG DE Dl TILLER COMPANY ( oUlhern Area) CE NATIONAL DOCK LABO AMB LA E CENTRE DOCK & HARBO R A OCI TIO R BO RD THORITIE NATIO AL COAL BOARD H. J. HEINZ CO. LTD. B.P CHEMI AL MINI TRY OF TE H OLOGY AMBULAN E CE TRE ARMY DEP RTME T AMBULA CE CENTRE ATIO AL AS OCIATIO OF YO FARMERS' CLUB BRlTI H R ILWAY , LONDON G TRA PORT (RAILWAY) & BRITI H TRAN PORT DOCKS NATIONAL ROAD PA E GER
niver
Queen Mary College. London, E.l orb reck Hydro, Blackpool The pa Room, carborough Kilt Green, '\ igan Ta vi lock Room , London, W.C.2
E.I.D. Aquila, Bromley. Kent
Porche ler Hall, London, W.2
Royal how, Kenilworth
Queen Mary College. London. E.1.
The Mu ic Hall, Union treet. Aberdeen TRAN , PORT AMBULANCE A Oc. GRAND PRIOR'S TROPHY COMPETITIONS eymour Hall, London, W.l
AUTUMN COMPETITIONS- DATES AND PLACES NOT YET CONFIRMED
Sepl. / Ocl. GAS INDUSTRY COMPETITIONS, GENER L POST OFFICE COMPETITTO S "DAILY XPRESS" NATIONAL COMPETTTIO FOR INDUSTRY , 13
Porche ter Hall, London, W.2 Fire & mbulance Service H Q Birmingham
ity of Bristol nion Brigade Hou e, London. .W.6 Conway Hall, London. W.C.l
ESSEX
LIFE-SAVIN G AWARD
KAR EN COBB (10) and MR. JOHN HUNNABALL with Alison Sibley (left), who they saved when she fell into the water at the Dedham Fete. Karen leapt in and supported Alison until Mr. Hunnaball arrived and pulled both children to safety. He has been a member of St. John Ambulance for 25 years. Fortunately his trailling in artificial respiration was 110t ne:eded.
ST. JOHN AND BRITISH EAGLE
"WITH THE CLOSING DOWN of British Eagle International Airlines Ltd., a chapter of fruitful co-operation between the airline and St. John has come to an end." These are the words of one of our foremost First Aid and Air Attendant Inslructors. In the last five years ever 450 BE. personnel were trained- on the other side of the coin the company never failed to provide every facility for our Air Escort special courses. All airlines help us, b'ut this is a special thank you to BE. 1968 was a bumper year for candidates for the A ir A ttendants course and a report will appear in the February issue.
LONDON
VIETNAM DEMO N STRATIO N SGROSVENOR SQ U ARE- 60 HURT
500 ST. JOHN MEMBERS and 40 ambulances were mobilised to deal with the London School of Economics anti-Vietnam demonstrations in October. It is interesting to see that the injured Police-Sergeant (left) is assisting the Brigade member to treat one of the victims. For the Service of Mankind-one can take pride, in humilitl'. that this motto links so many , of so many faiths, races a'nd classes, all over the world- that it really means something and is shown in practical form. Today there are so many empty and selfish slogans, so milch exhibitionism, while those who really beliel'e carry out their beliefs quietly and with dedication. Alas DEVOTION , DEDICATION, INTEGRITY, HUMILITY, LOYALTY ar e word:, which have lost their true meaning. However, those who serve and those who are served have no doubt of their true meaning.
GLOS
CA R OL DUKE (16) was commended by the Gloucester City Police Jor her efficient first aid to an injured scooter rider. Fortunately Carol, who is a Nursing Cadet Corporal, was able to borrow some bandages f rom a passing motorist to treat the casualty's head injuries. She then accompanied him to hospital where, after further treatment, he was allowed to go home.
CRUEL TRICK ON CHARITY WALKERS. A "Fill/II\,171Q/? " turned. the signpost so that a number of people takll7g part 111 the Leominster to Hereford walk t ook th e wrong way. Fortunately for the foot-sore and wean ', members 0/ the Hereford Divisions were on the spot t o cope. ObvlOlisly, the "jokers" must have time on their hands which could be diverted fO more constructive employment. Why not apply to the Headquarters of St. John or some other voluntary organisation.
ENFIELD GOALKEEPER INJURED. St. John Ambulance members on dutl,' at White Hart Lane carry off Ian Wolstenh-olme after he had been kicked in the leg during the match against Spurs. In 1967 members, in England alld Northern Ireland alone , did nearly two millioll hours of voluntary public duty (mostly at sporting events) and treated 202,661 casualties.
Essex COUnty Newspapers
Enfield Gazcllc &. Db ervcr
Hereford Evening New s 15
Remlap Photographic
ANOTHER SUCCESS FOR PALMERS GREEN NURSING DIYISIO Uncler Ihe lea.dership of Miss B. Charllon Ihe DiI 'ision has added, Ihis year, the cOl 'elecl Irophy 10 /I1agnificent col/eclioll 0/ awards. Also 100Aillg jllslly pleased wllh Il1ell1sel'.' es, after rec.el\'llIg Ihe Irophy froll1 H.R.H. The Dllchess 0/ Glollcesler, are Mrs. G. Coo!\; MIss Mrs. A. Valllilll and Mrs. 1. Bllsh. Ten teams cOll1peled. The rllllllen-llp lI'ere Che I!llre Constahlllary Police who le le([111 10 \1 1I'0n ill 1964.
H. R .H. THE DUCHESS OF GLOUCESTER, Depuly COl1lll1andant-in-Chief 0/ Nur ,ling Corps and Divisions, presented the Championship trophies which were won by Brigade teams. Bolsol er Collierv Dil'isiol1, Capt. N. Bust; M. Spencer; M. D. BlIst, R. MaLlin and R. L. Underhay. Fourteen teams competed in the men's section and the winners of the "Daily Expre,ls" National First A id contest (the first el'er) were runners-up.
THE GRAND PRIOR'S TEAM TEST - MEN
To avoid a carnival procession the team are walking through an industrial area to reach Southend Assembly Rooms, where they are due to take part in a competition.
A light plane suddenly crashes some 50 yards further up the road, injuring the male pilot and his female passenger.
The pilot has sustained complicated fractures of the ri bs with haemoptysis, a closed fracture of the left humerus, and shock. He is concerned that a fuel explosion may occur.
Examination of his unconscious passenger will reveal 16
a laceration of the right temple, a right ColJes's fracture, and open fractures of the right tibia and fibula.
A watchman at the factory involved in the crash can supply a first aid haversack, blankets, etc., and will permit the office telephone to be used to summon further assistance.
Emergency control will get an ambulance to the incident eight minutes after receipt of a correct message, but it is anticipated that the journey to hospital may take over haH an hour because of traffic congestion. First aid to be rendered in 15 minutes.
TROPHY COMPETITIONS
1968
TEAM TEST - WOMEN
The team are walking along Min ter High Street latc one night when they ee a "smash and grab" occur at a jeweller's hop further up the road. The thieves drive off in a car as the competitor approach, leaving a Constable who surprised them lying semi-conscious on the pavement.
Examination of the injured man will reveal bruising of the right temporal area, a fracture of the nose, closed fractures of thc 7th /8th ribs, and a closed fracture of 17
the left forearm. Com pre ion develops during the te t. If knocked up a woman re iding at an adjoining hop can upply some AI' t aid equipmen.t (belongin.g to her ab ent hu band), blanket, etc., but w,1I not admit anyone to her property.
An ambulance will arrive eight minute arter a correct mes age has been ent from the public call box in the road. The hospital is three mile away. First aid to be rendered in 15 minutes
THE WHITE C ROSS IN CANADA. "AIL Order Born of Christian Charity." This is the title of the first chapter in the book by Colonel G. W. L. Nicho l son, published in 1967, which marked 84 years service by St. John and coincided with one of their biggest and lI10st stlccessful duties in Canada during EXPO '67. Copies of th e book from St. J. H.Q. 321, Chapel Street, Otfawa. - £l. £2 5s. and £1 0, depending all bindillg.
(Above) VANCOUVER NURSING CADET DIVISION (No 18c). Josephin e McLeod and Marian Deakin on duly at the Infants Ho spi tal in 1944. Briti sh Colull1bia's Provincial Commissioner and Mrs. E. Morisoll, Pr ol'incial Officer, Cadets, look on.
HAMILTON CO RP S ST. JOHN MEMBERS treat a soldier injured while on duty on the Hamilt o n D ykes in November 1950. 1& A STONE bearing the arms of th e Order was fOl/lld bllried ill the Court of the Chateau St. Louis ill Qllehec in 1784.
SKI PATROLS. Throughout t/ie cel/turies St. John !w \ met the needs of the age- loday, ill Call ada , aile of their 1110St useful fUllctiolls is to prol'ide First Aid cOI'erage, whic h n eeds considerable ski-il/g sf, ill, at the lI'il/ter sports resorts. Readers who hal'e not seen the exceLlel/t film, produced by Town & Country Productions, SPOI/so red by Ol'aitine, "A Way of Life," should il/elflde it ill th e next film el'ening. SOll1e COllnty H.Q. s hm 'e a copy, if not it can he hired from the producers (40s. for olle showing and 21 days n otice), 21, C h eyne Row, London, S.W.3. Tel.: 01-3527950. The film covers a wide variety of St. John actil'itie.\ incZudinR a thrillinR sequence on ski-patrol first aid.
GIBRALTAR POLICE AMBULANCE "C" DIVISION, winners of the First Aid annual competi ti ons. Left to right: P.e. William Danino, Police Sergeant Dm ' id Smith and Corporal Joseph Santos. The trophies and miniatures were presented by District Superintendent C. Morillo
ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER C. M. SALIBA Malta District, is pictured standing in front of the arch Connects the southern and western parts of St. James's C;:0unterguard, the Malta District H.Q. Corps SuperEdward Torlell thought that as mallY readers WIll be attelldillg the Diamond Jubilee celebrations ill they wOll ld be interested 10 1,11011' something ab.out tIllS (probahly uniqu e) tunllel. One entrance has fl1ls arch whi l e the o /h e r is a si ll1pl e round arch. H e :wys There seell1S to be no specific reason for this cjesl[JI!, the bastion through which the tUllnel passes divided IlItO two sections in such a way that should aile SIde be the tUllnel ca nn ot be completely blocked. A I'ery IlI1portant arrollgement os th e tLlnnel led tf! a hndge cOl/nectillg the coullfergll{frd to the l11ain bastIOn across {f ve ry wide l1Ioat."
LETTERS
Dear Madam,
I was delighted to read the letter from myoid friend, Mr. E. J. Baker, in the October "Review"· and though both. and surprised to find that' he professed to dIsagree wIth most of what I said in my ar ticle on and Use of Cadet N.C.O.s" (August), I awaIted WIth eager interest his-or Damon's- promi ed article on "Cadets and the Adult Divisions" in ovember. Havipg read it I am still more surprised, but also much .relIeved, for I cannot find a single major point on whIch we dIffer. I should have thought that the main message of both articles together might, without any mutual contradiction, be summed up in this:
1. The real pride of the Superintendent of a Cadet Division is not the Cadet Division itself but an Adult Division filled with splendid First Aiders whom he h as prev io usly trained a Cadets.
2. This triumph is more likely to be achieved if, a well as training them in First Aid and Nursing skills, he also trains them in leadership and initiative, gives them the fullest possible scope to use that training, and encourages their promotion to the Adult Division at the earliest possible moment.
3 If Cadets are trained in this way and with this objective in view, even those who fall by the wayside will be far better citizens than if they h a d never been Cadets.
I think that Mr. Baker would share with enjoyment my own pipe-dream of the future of the Brigade , in which the basic unit is a Division consisting of four SectionsAdult Ambulance, Adult Nursing , Cadet Ambulance and Cadet Nursing. The Divi ional Superintendent (Grade IV) would be the "guide, philosopher and friend" who had overall charge of the whole Division but (ideall y) did not run anyone of its Sections himself Each Section would be under the charge of a Section Officer (Grade V), with Assistant Section Officers (Grade VI) if the numbers justified this. The whole Division would share the services of one Divisional Surgeon and one Divisional Nursing Officer, and probably also one Secretary and one Treasurer ; in large Divi sio n, each of these could have an assistant if necessary. The Sections would normally meet and train separately, but would sometimes meet together in various combinations (e.g., both Adult Sections, both Cadet Sections, both M a le Sections, both Female Sections, or even all four Sections together) for pecial occasions when suitable; they would also work together in the fulfilment of public and other duties
I am absolutely convinced that. despite any disadvantages tbat may s pring to the fertile minds of objectors, this kind of "St. John family unit " is the shape of things to come, and that when once it has been established it will result in far greater efficiency, far greater harmony, far fewer vacancies in the po s ts of Divisional Surgeon, Nursing Officer, Secreta I")' and Trea s urer, and far le ss lea'kage at the age of Cadet-to-Adult promotion.
Yours sincerely,
WATKIN W. WILLIAMS County Staff Officer, Bucks .
Dcar Madam,
What a damning article by Damon! With the impetuous pirit of a "young and foo li sh" Divi sional Superintendent of Cadet (not Cadet Superintendcnt , Damon, please note!) I find myself unable to accept those comments without making so me attempt to state the case from a nother point of view. D a mon in hi s enigm a tic article donned the armour of justification in first pa sage, surveyed the ficld in the second, an d tilted headlong at the cadet in the third. He then went on a las to reveal a chink in that armour! 1t would a ppear th a t in spite of his as ertions to the contrary he resents the new shiny ex-cadet fre s h with book le a rning eagerness for competition. He should s top to conSIder how the ex-cadet feels. Thrust into the lists of life armed only with the book-knowledge as a hield a nd expertise a his dagger. How doe s this comparc to the chain mail of experience, the brea s tplate of mature and the sword of dedic at ion, to say noth109 of the charger of opportunity? The outcome of such a tilting can only be the ridiculous performance of the cumbersome well provided for horseborne knight, and a continued si de-stepping performance of the knight on foot. The match would ac hieve nothing, entertain nobody and would be poorly attended. Thu s even the seco nd s would retire from boredom.
The cadet-knights of my division perform a long and ar duous pilgrimage from the age of 1J years to 16 year') and in the course of this they tr aver e many fields of learning en route uch a the Special Service shield, the Grand Prior' s badge an d tr ai ning aimed at making le aders of tho se h avi ng the ap titude. All this quite a part from the main ta ks of ac quiring the kills and knowlcdge of Fir t Aid to the injured.
It is an honour accorded to my colleagues an d my elf to lead them toward the Ho s pice of the Adul t Divi sion afe in the knowledge th at the trials and s ucce sses or failures of their journey will inculcate the qualitics of dedication and humility through the practice of tho e virtues symbo lised by the four arms a nd eight point of our Cross. Mindful of the pecial problem s which confront a cadet in wh a t is the fo.rmative period of hi life, I my .officers WIth the he avy re ponsibility of lO su llmg certam de SIrab le characteristic into the cadet at the right time a nd with the appropriate method. We must of need, therefore, "Ta ilor the armour" to s uit the type of duty it mu t perform , always remembering that it will reflect both the kills and the weakne se of the armourer.
Such people who are ob essed with Youth act ivitie s as are D I S's and D / O 's of cadets use up much time a nd energy and are in constant need of sustenance. They are observed to respond dr ama tic a lly to a pre sc ription which can be formulated and administered by the Brethren of the Adult Divi ion
Patience ·l bas is as ] 00
Understanding 1
Money a ju tified.
Gratitude a duly earned.
(Leffer cO lleluded 0 17 page 25)
Dear Mrs. Rich ar ds,
Ju st to let you know when I received the November " R eviews" both ends were torn away, the books were all right, did not seem so much packing as usual. Don't want to get anyone into trouble, but thought you ought to know. Also the postage on single copy is 4d. inste a d of 5d. which makes them 16s. a year in stead of 17s. Hope you don't mind my pointing this out to you. With a ll good wishe s.
Yours sincerely, J. TRIM. Southampton. 20
REGULATIONS are being amended so that anyone can contribute an article or write a letter to the " Review" direct. May I remind you, howevcr, that the full name and address of the correspondent mu s t be known to thc Editor and that item which are a per onal a ttack, or cou ld be taken as such, will not be considered for pUblication. Otherwi se the floor i yours. If you have a pet " tub" here is the chance to thump it.
Dear Editor,
Since completing the questionnaires at our recent "Nottingham," I have given further consideration to the matter of "emergency wear" for Brigade personnel and would like to suggest the following as being most suitable
A White boiler suit, fitted with a full-length nylon zip in place of the usual buttons. Pockets to include two breast patch pockets with black plastic buttons (detachable) and numerous side pockets including a "rule" pocket. Shoulder straps should be provided and badges of could of the embroidered style. Metal badges, etc. belOg aVOIded to lessen the risk of injuries. N.C.O. rank chevrons on detachable arm bands. The S1. John device in embroidery could be sewn above the right breast pocket and across the back of the "boiler suit" the wording "St. John Ambulance" embroidered in black With a black belt for a smart finish, the brief of this suggested "uniform" [or emergency wear is completed.
I have spoken to a number of people about this and to agree tpat the need for such a garment as thIS IS urgent and VItal. The one described has a number of advantages:
(1) A man can get into this suit in a matter of seconds and it can cover anything and look smart and efficient up-to-date. It may be carried easily in a haversack or 111 the car and is ready [or immediate use.
(2) The suit is easily seen in the dark and the wearer quic.kly identified as a Brigade man by all other emergency The fact that it is white and can soon become IS of no consequence. It will be worn for that particular emergency and can be laundered immediately for further use.
(3) These boiler suits are readily available in the shops for about 50s. and could be "made up" for official wear at our Stores Department. The ample pockets found in suits would provide storage for "emergency dress111gs, and noteboo.k, etc. and the shoulder straps retam a haversack m p!ace. this style in willte lo.oks far more busmess-lIke and is certainly sm.arter !n appearance than the ordinary blue or black boller sUIt.
I that r.nany readers will be persuaded to support me In this alternative and that before long Stores Dept. WIll have ample supplies in stock.
Yours sincerely, BEN R. JARMAN ,
Dear Editor, Yorks. W.R.
The recent article on Cadets and the Adul t Divisions I?e so mad that I had to read it right through from to. end-twice, so maybe the author did achIeve hIS object but h Anyone who writes a controversial article and 1 es under a pseUdonym is a moral coward. Moreover I look up the meaning of the word "sophiSt'; whIch IS defin d ". .bbl " e as a captIOUS or fallacIOUS reasoner, (WI er,,, and after I had looked up "captio us" and a 2 acIOUS, I se.tt!e.d for quibbler. ) actlvltIes whIch mclude the pursuit of the Gland Ba dge and the Duke of Edinburgh's Awards arh and the prospcct of d07ens of Cadets w ? ave not. taken part in any of these or imilar all bemg brought up to passivcly join dull unIm?-gm<l:tive. Adult Divisions, where they accept dull training in order not to upset the dull' members is just not realistic. Face up 1 Irk I?amon, modern education has arrived whether We 1 e It or n?t and it is one of the additional tasks of all o£ mstructors to make their teaching "nonJust a thought: don't thc older members leCIae IS too?
(3) How. COUld. Damon take Cadet Officers to ta k for Fbrst AI,? well? Does hc really think they I d 0 etter If LO stea d of imparting a ound knowe ge of the Manual they inspired a proper appreciation 21
of all that is implied in promotion." Should the Cadet consist of two parts (a) the implications of promotIOn, and (b) First Aid & Home Nursing, and if you (a) you are non-efficient? Surely he means impartmg sound knowledge as well as and not instead of the implication of promotion (remembering that some of the implications are not very flattering).
(4) When will Adult Members realise that Cadet Officers must be both first aiders and youth leaders in almost equal proportions and it is just here where the difficulty lies in finding suitable people who are so gifted to run Cadet Divisions. No Cadet Division can be really successful and achieve its objects within the structure of the Brigade if run with only one or other of these attributes. So few Adult Members with no Cadet work experience realise the enormity of this task and how Cadet Officers have to be-instead of appreciating this, Mr. Damon bemoans the fact that Cadet Officers want to .usurp a position of authority on duty.
(5) Fmally, must we always quote the misdemeanours of St. John Members? How I hate justifying the story of the bad Cadet by being tremendously fair and relating a deplorable incident in the Adults. We all know they happen and make us very ashamed-could they not be forgotten? Does it really help to put it all in prmt?
Mr. Damon asked for fellow members' views and while never doubting the sincerity of his views' it is obvious that even after a long and varied St. John career, he does not really appreciate the true objects of Cadet work, the priorities of which we can all dispute but which do ultimately whether by unorthodox or by many devious routes achieve recruits for the Adult Divisions. It is the task of the Adult Divisions to continue the job begun by the Cadet Officers and who shall say whose fault it is if they fail?
Yours faithfully, DOROTHY A. G. W ATIS. Distric t Staff Officer, Deputy District Camp Adviser. London District.
HANTS GoPS. ANDOVER NURSING CADET DIVISION
BRIGADIER B. W. WEBB-CARTER, D.S.O ., O B.E ., presented Grand Prior Badges to Sgt. June Emmins, .Leaders Janet Trimly and Nicola Eason and Sgt. Clz.rtstl,:e Guyatt of the Andover Nursing Cadet Division. l!ngadier Commissioner for Hampshire, lIlspected the DiViSiOn and congratulated all officers and members on winning the Tennyson Smith Trophy for the most efficient Division.
PERSONALITIES
LANCASHIRE
COLONEL J. E. ROGERSON, Area COl1l1l1issionC'r, No. 3 Area, Duk e of Lancaster's District. Colonel "Jack ' s" connection with St. John began in 1959 when he became President of the Ashton, Mossley and Droylsden Corps. In 1965 h e was admitted to the Order as a Serl'ing Brother and became Area Commissioner. He has a 1'Q!'ied and remarkable service to his country and to humanity. He was awarded the M.C. and mentioned in despatches during the last war while serving in Europe. In 1959 he was awarded the O.BE. for services to the Territorial Army. His interests are manifold, from Chllrch Ware/en to Borough Magistrate-from politics to cricket. The British Legion and the Ashton Air Training Squadron also take up his free time. It is indeed true that it is always th e r eally busy people who can make tim e to help others.
WARWICKSHIRE
GRAND PRIOR AWARDS. Ie/a McGregor and Catherine Waudby, Ru gby Nursing Cadet Division, gained their Grand Prior Badges and they are seen with Dr. D. Jones, Medical Offic e r of H ealth, Ru gby, after a presentation ceremony when over 70 certificates 1Vere awarded. The "Constance P epper" Cup was 1Von by Pam ela Croxford and the Cup for the best Cadet of the Year went to Caroline Worthington.
LONDON DISTRICT
BRIGADE STAND IN ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL CRYPT. Nursing Cadet Jani ce Ling was one of th e m e mbers on duty who helped with first aid and resuscitation demonstrations as part of th e " Pop in St. Paul's" exhibition. Jani ce (aged 13) hopes t o hecome a nurse in an orphanage.
Racine-Jaques
Basic First Aid N 4-
By J. M. PARK Regional Ambulance Secretary
The bones of the human skeleton support and protect the softer parts of the body, also give the body its general shape. A fractured bon e is one which is broken or cracked and may be caused by:
(a) Direct violence (bone broken at site of impact)
(b) Indirect violence (bone broken at a point away from site of impact)
TYPES OF FRACTUREs--Closed-s urface of ski n intact. a pen-skin broken--bone may protrude through the wound. Either type may be complicated which mean other important structures are damaged, viz. : -
FRACTURE
Skull
Pelvis
Rib s
Arms a nd Legs
DAMAGE TO-
Bra in
Bl adder
Lungs
Blood vessels and nerves.
It is important to be able to recognise fractures. When the casualty is conscious it is quite simple:-
LISTEN to the casualty-he often says he heard or felt the bone snap-he complains of a painful limb which he cannot move properly.
LOOK. The limb is often deformed, often swollen. It is the wrong shape-compare it with the other ide.
FEEL gently- there is tenderness on pressing gently over the exact site of the break. You may feel as you handle the limb the broken parts of the bone moving slightly on each other- unnatural movement.
Fractures usually produce pain, welling, deformity, unnatural movement.
TREATMENT: The principle of first aid treatment of a ny fracture is to steady and support the broken bone ends so that the casualty can move or be moved without a dded pain or further injury. Unless circum tances warrant it treat the injury on th e site, do not move the casualty more than is necessary until the fracture has been immobilised.
1. ARM, COLLAR BONES AND SHOULDER BLADES.- Use body and limb and support the arm on lOJured Side in a sling.
2. THIGHS AND LEGs. - Use padding between thigh knees and a nkles, tie knees, feet and ankles together.
3. casualty in most comfortable positIOn him). If he wants to bend his knees upport them III that position, otherwise keep his leg straight. To hospital on stretcher. If long journey to hospitalapply two bro;;td bandages round the pelvis (overlapping by half). PaddlOg between thighs, knees and ankles. Tie feet and ankles together, broad bandage round knees.
JAW AND FACE. - Support with bandage placed under C.hlO, over top of head, crossed and bring round head and he off over ear. Make sure no obstruction to airway. Be I?repa,:ed to loosen bandage should casualty wi h to vomit, retJe later.
5. R!Bs. - Uncomplicated-s upporl arm in sling (injured Side). Complicated- lay him down, head and 23
shoulders raised and body inclined to injured ide, support in this position. Support arm in sling (injurcd side).
6. SPLNE.- Tell him not to move. P adding thighs, knees and ankles. Tie ankles and feet, thighs and knees together. In lifting, the neck or back must not be bent or twisted. Pl ace on stretcher "stiffened" with boards for conveyance to hospital.
In cases of "open" fractures treat the wound before dealing with fractures.
(Ack. "British Transport Police Journal").
PLASTIC WOUND REPLICAS offer outstanding opportunities in visual Fir st Aid trainingopportunities for practical instruction in treating an injury, so that students are emotionally prepared to deal with emergencies Begin now to build up a complete range for your team. Send 1/ 6d. in stamps for a colour booklet giving details of all wounds available.
LTD., Dept J. 69 Aberdeen Street, Hull, Yorkshire.
Twenty sets (one team and two individual) of each of the National First Aid Final Competition for 1969 will be available The complete et, di patched in December 1969, co t -£2 lOs.
Individual et, di patched immediately after a competition, co t £3 (20 ets in all).
PLEASE INFORM COMPETITION SECRETARY AS SOON AS POSSmLE AS SUPPLIES ARE LIMITED
A few single sets at 3s. may be availab le for pecific competitions-a gain-ea rly order, plea e. Enquirie to: Competition Secretary, St. John Ambulance, I, Gro , venor Cre cent, London, S.W.I. Tel.: 01-235 5231.
9
10
8
7
6
5
3
4
2
9
10
8
7
1
2
3
4
GRAND PRIOR'S TROPHY COMPETITIONS
RESULTS SHEET
Lctter----i:oncluded from page 20 Discipline ............ enough to keep a sense of proportion.
Liaison mix freely to s uit the case.
Caution on exceeding the stated dose- adverse side effects can be observed. Case histories stu died by the writer and made available by certain physicians show evidence of the efficacy of the stimu lant in the fo llowing way: The end result is usuaJly a revitalised Cadet Divi sion of young knights willing to serve and cooperate with the older knights and aided by bright, keen, young Officer personnel. With a source of trained young knights on which they can rely a new bond of affe ction is then forged. '
The policies and philosophies o[ the Officer personnel l jc Cadets are more closely linked with the P arent Division th an either are prepared to admit thus these policies and philosophies will in turn reflect' the attitude of the Parent Divi sion and again in turn will be reflected in the Cadet product.
I sincerely believe that the key to the future succes of the St. John Ambulance lies in the recruitment to the Cadet follo.wed later by promotion to the DIvIsIon s. 0.[ tramed personnel of little experience but 10tensely wdl10g to learn. Recruitment through the public is difficult and brings its own problems which are attached to each recruit. Some of these probare soluble ... not. Many of the prescriptlOns for a cure studlOusly lIsted by Damon are in broad with my own views but I sugge t that his appreCIatlOn of the cause and the sca le of the trouble that he is inaccurate and by no means universal. To take hIm point by point would be to increase the length of this too lengthy reply but suffice it to say that on peeplOg through the chinks in D amon's and examining the man, I have come to the concluslOn I am glad that he is in St. John. We need people lIke him to to the sick and injured and to uphol? our tradItions. He also serves a very useful purpose If he keeps us on our toes, but [or goodness sa.ke : '. don't put him in charge of Cadets, or worse stIl l, 10 of an Adult Division that ha a healthy Cadet DlVl slO n to back it up.
Yours most sincerely, P. J. P LAYER.
Div. Supt., Hitchin Ambulance Cadet Div
EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN
HER LIFE IN PICTURES
Compiled and Edited by Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock
7s. 6d. each
Safe, gentle and swift to healSavlon
'Saylon' Liquid and 'SaYlon' Cream are indispensable to your first aid kit. They gently clean a way dirt, killing the germs that would infect the wound. The antiseptics in both products are powerful, safe. They were discovered by I.C.I. and are now used extensively by doctors and hospitals in this country and overseas.
'Savlon' Antiseptic Cream 1/6, 2/6, 4/6, 8/3.
'Savlon' Liquid Antiseptic 1/ 8,3 / -,5 / 1.
5 G.P.O. Ambulance Centre (London Telecomm.
(South
6 B.R. , London Transport (Railways) and British Transport Docks (Glasgow)
7s. each orders for ten or oyer (postage extra in each case)
Published by Macdonald
Orders to:
Edwina Mountbatten Book , 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.]
Ph270/-4
25
APPEALS CORNER
1
In the last number I promised to publish a list of events for 1969 and I am very sorry to say th a t I cannot do thi s There is plenty in the pipeline but much of it is still in the planning stage and I simply cannot produce date s and details at present. I shall do it just as soon as I can.
Nevertheless by the time this is in print, mo st counties shoul d have received their instructions about the Rank C inem a Collections for 1969. Please, please read the instructions carefully and make sure th e liaison with local managers is absolutely first class. Remember, this really is money for nothing; so good luck.
"Who'll buy my "
Tuesday, D ecember 3 dawned cold and foggy in London, but inside St. John House all was colour and warmth and light in readiness for the "Bring and Buy."
In the hall, Brigade members from London District were waiting to relieve our visitors of their coats and direct them upstairs for a cup of coffee. The drawing room looked most attractive. A large lighted Christma tree, presented and decorated by Elizabeth, Lady Trefgarne, filled one corner whilst through the sliding door s could be seen the counter with its piles of good things waiting to be bought and replaced by others brought by the visitors In the corner was the pricing table, manned almost all day by Lady Trefgarne an d Mrs. Honor Daly. Behind the counter stood our gallant helpers, conspicuous in pretty check pinafores, their badge of office. There were baby clothes and bath salts; trinkets and tea towels; chocolates and cosmetics and a host of other things.
Meanwhile the Priory Room and the adjoining Bar had been turned into a high-class cafeteria, groaning with the labours of Mr. Hencz, the Club Chef and ably and untiringly directed by Lady Wilkin so n .
One of the first and naturally most welcome visitor was Lady Wakehurst to be followed by a fairly steady stream of those of our good friends who can always be relied upon to support our activities.
But however attractive the Club or the goods, a Bring and Buy needs customers, and the climate both natural and financial was against u s. Both St. John House and the Appeals Fund will benefit but the profit was poor a nd a very inadequ a te reward for all the hard work put in by Lady Wilkinson and the staff of the Club, not to mention our willing helpers to all of whom our thank s
Our grateful thanks are due to the following for their generous gifts:
J oseph Levy Charitable Foundation
R oyal London Mutual Insurance Co.
National Employers Mutual General Insurance Co.
Unilever Ltd.
Mercantile & General Re-In surance Co. Ltd.
Clerical, Medical & General Life Assurance Society
B ovril Ltd.
Ro yal Insurance Group
Morgan , Grenfell & Co.
Eagle Star Group
National Farmers Union Mutual Insur a nce Society
R efuge Assurance Co. Ltd.
Who's for a Party?
This tim e of year everybody thinks of parties and the ordinary social evening is becoming a trifle "old hat ," if that is the current expression.
The Cobham Ambulance and Nursing Divjsion came UI) with a really bright idea for their Christmas get 26
Methods of Instruction-cont. from page II the su bject matter has "got across."
Failure to confirm can very easily result in a pupiJ being "lost" and for him the rest of the Jesson might be a complete waste.
Rehearse the lesson to make sure that it fits into the time allowed and each stage gets its proper share.
THE END
The "Rounding Off" part of the lesson is the end and here time for questions from and to the class must be allowed. It can be a help to get the class to pack up any equipment (you cannot do it as you may need it to satisfy a questioner).
Give a summary of main points (a useful tip here is to go back to aim and reasons). The summary should not take the form of a catalogue of "What we have done, etc. ."
Then, to promote interest , give a look forward to the next lesson.
" What is this-another idea for a new uniform ?"
ursing Times, May 17 1968
together, which might welI appeal to other Divisions within reach of London.
They decided to give a party in London which they asked their Area President, Lady Wilkinson, to organise for them at St. John House. So on the evening of December 5, no les s than 41 of them, including relatives, and all the Divisional Pre siden ts arrived at No. 1 Grosvenor Crescent. They were met by Mr. John Coles, Secretary of the Medical Branch and of the Visual Aids Committee, who very kindly e corted them round thi striking house an d then showed them our two Jatest films: "The Way of Life," and "Journey to Jeru sa lem. "
Then the whole party went over to St. John House for a buffet supper.
This is the first time a complete Division ha s had a party at St. John Hou se and as the photograph shows, it was an outstanding succes s. A pattern for other cnterprising Divisions.
In his speech, Mr. Reg Bryan, the Division al Superintendent, stresse d how nice it was to h ave all the Divisional Presidents and Vice-Presidents with them; Mr. a nd Mrs. Currie, Sir Thomas and Lady Cash and Mr. Robin Marx. He pointed out that few of the members had previously visited St. John House and some did not even know the Club existed. He thanked Lady Wilkinson for her enterprise and forethought in suggesting and arranging such a very attractive evening.
In hi s reply, Mr. Robin Marx congratulated Mr. Bryan and the Division on their invariable efficiency a nd good humour. They always seemed to come up with bright ideas, like this party, which he had much enjoyed. Finally, Miss Linda Leishman presented a bouquet to Lady Wilkinson who was asked to say a few words. So ended a splendid evening which I feel sure others will wish to copy.
To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John, 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1.
Please supply / renew* St. John Review
commenCing with the issue I enclose 17/ - for 1 year
Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John.
Name iN··8i'-ocK' CA P·ITALS
Address
*Delete whichever is inapplicable
ACROSS
Bacteria dependent on oxygen for growth. Ru sh for lachrymal secretion. for cerebrospinal nerve. corrected by diverging lenses. Di scharge from ulcer di turbing choir. 1\ppearance round light may be early ign of eye disease.
Pa rt of ear and heart.
Ab cess treated surgically.
Direction in which the house s urgeon may be found. Reformed rotters noi y breathing suggesting cerebral haemorrhage.
Note tension present in healthy resting mu cleo be under mattress of patient with fractured plOe.
Fit p.erson oon acquires second during trenuous exerCIse. dige stive ferments amy Ja e, lip ase and trypslO.
Thoughtless indication of infection or allergy Lad near to ductle g land with two di tinct function.
DOWN
A weak solution may be applied in treatment of wa p stings.
Ry s ian vegetable in ends or long bone?
BItter , yellow ecretion or liver.
Initial lesion of syphyli
Tyro hid in endocrine g land.
Each giving pain.
perforated for pa sage of olfactory nerve. T':"lce yearly for Victori an girl' father.
SklO IYlOg over the dermi
Blood in which red cell have burst may be taken from dalek.
with a nut, I turn it on to study as imilatlOn of food.
creature disturbed wading bird with purulent dl charge.
Organ t.urped, it i said, by revolting ight.
An arc 1 In type of bacteria.
Began life in 2 down.
less than one, yet require an additIOn to one
End of protein metabolism
A container not cia ed.
ADVERTISEMENTSCLASSIFIED
ADVERTISING AGENTS
T. G. Scott & Son Ltd., 1, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.C.2. (Tel.: 01-405 4743) FOR SALE
Cased Crested Cuff Links, 63s. Medal ribbons 1s. 6d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing 011 uniform, 2s. each ribbon mounted 011 pin brooch; Regulatioll medals mounted 3s. 6d. per medal 011 brooch. Miniatures quoted for.-MONTAGUE JEFFERY, Out fitt er, St. Giles Street. Northampton
(4)
BALL-PENS, Diaries , Note Pads, Keys, Fobs, Pencils, etc., Gold-stamped Brigade name or Personal names raise funds quickly- easily. Details- Northern Novelties, Bradford, 2. UP TO 30 0/0 DISCOUNT (5) on branded CARPETS
WILTON, AXMINSTER, ORIENTALS, Etc. FREE delivery U.K. Chinese, Indian, Persian Carpets and Rugs a speciality. Expert fitting arranged if required. Write stating requirements or for introduction to showrooms-LONDON or MAIN cities, DODSON-BULL CARPET CO., LTD. Showrooms: 6 Old Bailey, London , E.CA 01 -24 87971 ( 10 li es) 83-89 Blackett St., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Tel: 20321 or 21428 55-61. Lever Street. Manchester I T el: 061-236 3687 / 8/9 (II)
OFFICER'S COSTUME. 38in. Hip. Hat 6t. Seldom used 12 gns. Bo x 14, St. John R eview, T. G. Scott & Son Ltd., 1, Clements Inn, London, W.C.2. (14)
3td. EACH !-PRINTED BALL POINT PENS. 144
Full-length Conway Stewart Ball Pens die-stamped in gold with y ou r B rigade or Charity for only 39s.; 144 Printed Pencils 35s. Ple ase print your slogan. (Maximum 30 letters), and add 4s. 6d. standard carriage. - J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2a, Handsworth Road, London, N.17. (17) 28
ORGAN1SERS OF BAZAARS, FETES AND FUNDS.
We welcome both personal buyers and mail o r der for our extensive range of toys and stationery at wholesale prices. Send [or price lists Also pre-selected parcels: 144 6d. Toys, or 72 Is. Toys; or 38 Is. lId. Toys, or Selection Toys 1s. lId. to 5s. lld.; or Selection Assorted Stationery. Each parcel 54s., plus 4s. 6d. postage. Two or more parcels 6s. postage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2a, Handsworth Road, London, N.17. (18)
SUPPORT STOCKINGS
Comfort and relief for all leg troubles. Sheer and fashionable appearance. Perfect goods at amazing low prices. See October, November, or December issues for details, or write: Cilla Jane Hosiery Co. Ltd , 53 -55, London Road, Cowplain, Portsmouth, Hants. Requests for literature and quantity discounts welcomed. (16)
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, LC.l
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates accepted at the age of 17 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students, Mom:fields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped School of Nur sing. candidates, on completion may enter the General Traming School of their choice. Comfortable Nur ses' Home in Kensington within easy reach of the H a ll, Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tenms Court. Active Social Club.
Applications in WTiting to the Matron.
Want to be a Nurse?
Find out about training in the Tottenham Group of Hospitals by writing full particulars. to Miss Noreen Compton, Supenntendent of Nursmg
The Prince of Wales's General Hospital, London, N.15. Quoting Ref. SJjl. (15)
Classified Rates:
Semi-display, £3 10s. s.c.i. (minimum £1 10s.)
Non-Trade, 9d. per word (minimum 10s.)
Trade, 1s. per word (minimum 15s.)
Box No. 2s. 6d. extra,
Page size (Trimmed): X 7-!-".
Screen: Text pages 100
Copy date: 1st of the month preceding publication.
Publication: 27th of month preceding cover date.
Agency commission: 10%.
FUND RAJSING MADE EASY WITH PENCILS AND BALL POINT PENS!
Pencils by Rowney with HB black lead in the OFFICIALLY APPROVED colours-s ilv e r, white and blue, overprint ed in black ink with S J.A. details and badge
Also pens by. Conw.ay available in eight duo-colours , mk pnnted wIth S J.A. details and badge
Increase your funds fast-write today for f ree samples and price booklet to the AUTHORISED SUPPLIERS:
AIREDALE PRESS LTD.
Dept. F., P.O. Box 60 Mosscar St., BRADFORD, 3
The use of any particular appliance, equipment, medicament or preparation advertised in the "Review" is not necessarily endorsed for first aid purposes.
We need more advertisements and any help can give will be greatly appreclated. If you have any ideas please contact T. G. Scott & Son, Ltd., 1, Clement's Inn, London, W.C.2. Tel. 01-405 4743
The elderly have a lot of problems. Often th e y g e t dispirited, feel dra ined of energy and can't be bothered with food. Why should they , when their teeth and digest io n are poor, their appetites non-existent? Te a and soft toast fills them up. But it's not nourishment , and they become too t ire d, too depressed to face their problems. Complan I3reaks the vicious circle. Com pla n gives the elderly complete nouris hmen t, in less time , with less effort, than it takes to make tea. A daily cup of Complan enriches inadequate diets without upsetting delicate digestions. Well-nourished on Complan , faces lighten , steps are sprightly, and problems don t seem quite so bad.
OLD EYES FOR NEW
You and thousands more of us - ordinary men and womenmay now give sight to someone who is, at this moment, blind.
Because this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back their vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
Eyes of all colours are equally val uable, and it does not matter if you have worn spectacles for years.
If you are not as young as you were, do not feel that your offer will be less valuable. Strangely enough, it will be more so: the eyes of older people are even better for this purpose.
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shall benefit, it is essential that there should be many more willing donors than will ever be called upon.
Mark all correspondence "CORNEAL GRAFTING" addressed to: The Director-General, The Royal National Institute for the Blind, 224 Great Portland Street, London, W.l.
His Majesty King Hussein of Jordan has donaled his eyes to the Order's Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem.
What Why When Where How? Know the answers?
You will find them in the S1. John Review For less than 4d. per week you can get St. John News from allover the up with the In surgery, industrial first aid,. nursing and emergency treatment tech nlq and an opportunity to air your own views. Fill in the form on inside back cover and enclose17 /- subscription (including postage).
If you already subscribe why not give it as a present?
LOOKING AROUND
The Editor's sincere apologies for the delay in the publication of the "Review" in the distribution of the new ubscnptlOns startmg in January. Hong Kong flu struck just before Christmas and was followed by a spell in ho spita1. Everyone ha ' been wonderful in helping out, but there are still a few jobs which one must do oneself. Still creeping round like a ick cat, but hope to meet dead-line again.
Please-due to above, if you get two copies, when only one ordered, give away, might mean a new reader. (Must be feeling better, getting optimistic.)
Thank you all who have helped and sent kind messages- only regret that it is not possible to reply individually.
RETffiEMENTS
Another three sad blows to St. John are the retirements of Sir Philip Southwell, DirectorGeneral of the Association, Sir Alexander Drummond, Deputy Director-General and Lt.Colonel John Gueritz, Association Secretary. There is, however, some comfort in the knowledge that as members of the Order, their advice and will be there in time of need. I feel ure that all our colleague, at home and overseas, would wish to a y "Thank you," and to wish them well in the future.
NEWS IN BRIEF
Shropshire. Congratulations to D/ O. T. W. Barnard, Ludlow Ambulance Division, who received the B.E.M. in the Birthday Honour List. Also DIS. W Moffat, M.B.E., East Ham Ambulance Division, London District and Miss Mildred F. Wheeler, B.E.M., Che ham, Bucks. Congratulations, too, to Mis A. E. Carrick, of Cheltenham, who celebrated her 101st birthday in January. In 1910 she helped to form the first Nursing Division in Gloucestershire, and also became President of the Nursing Cadet Division in 1935, which he also was largely respon ible in its formation. Hertfordshire. The Puddiford Family Make History. For the first time in the County three members of the family hold the Grand Prior's Badge- the most recent to qualify i 16-year-old David. His brother, Roger, is a Corporal in the Hemel Hempstead Ambulance Divi ion and si ter Margaret i Divisional Officer of the Nursing Cadet 1
Division. A good example of the slogan we've used that "St. John is a family affair." Margaret has been accepted for training in the Q.A.R.N.N.S. at Plymouth. All our good wishes go with her and we hope, in time, that she will return to St. John as a Nursing Officer.
Kent. Acting Divisional Officer Miss Susan Laverick married Mr. Roger Binks, of Rainham. Nursing Cadets of her Division formed the Guard of Honour. Every good wish for their future happine s.
Stafford. An encouraging item in the "Birmingham Evening Mail" tells u that the H.Q. Fund for the new building has reached £1,250. Editor' pet hobby-horse. We so often forget that there are many people prepared to help without actually joining the uniformed branch, if only we would seek their aid.
Berkshire. The "NeWbury Weekly News" reporled that nine women employed in the Command Ordnance Depot, Thatcham, had succe sfully passed their Association examinations and received their certificates and badge from the Commanding Officer, Lt.-Col. J. G. Stevens The depot has a reputation for a large number of qualified fir t aiders.
Buckingham. Rather like the "Review," even Father Christmas was a bit delayed when he paid a vi it towards the end of January to the "Yellow Triangle Social Club" where fifty children were entertained by the Brigade.
Dorset. In 1968 member of the Dorchester St. John Ambulance clocked up 526 hour of voluntary duty, in addition, of course, to the hours of "brushing-up," drill and running cour es- report in the "Dor et Evening Echo ."
Mr. Cecil Pope retired a Pre ident of the Dorchester Division and presented the badge to her successor, Mrs. E. A. Williams (Fuller report in future i sue).
Durham. The next Mayor of Darlington will be Councillor Horace Carr. He was at one time Superintendent of the Darlington Division. In 1963 he wa awarded the Order' Bronze Medal for Bravery, and became an Officer Brother in 1957.
Essex. Six new recruit to the Chelm ford Ambulance Cadet Divi ion were enrol1ed this year by the Commi ioner, Captain Wenley. Gloucestershire. The Mayor of Gloucester, A ld erman Ken Hyett, pre ented the Le lie Boyce
Challenge Trophy to the St. George Ambulance Division this year. Fuller report and picture in April issue.
Cadets in Gloucestershire are also in the news. The Cheltenham Spa "A" Cadet Division (Team leader Sgt. B . Jose), won the Area Cup which was presented by Corps Supt. L. Wilkinson. Also in the news, "The Citizen" presentation of a certificate to Mr. C. J. Bath (Corps Superintendent) for 54 years' service .
Hertford shire. St. Albans N ursing Cadet Diviion held a very successf ul party at the Alma Youth Centre at the end of January (reported in the "Herts. Advertiser") when the Superintendent, Lilian O lney, served a delicious fruit salad.
Another party in the County was a buffet lunch at Stanmore Road by the Stevenage st. John members.
A sad occasion at Bovington when Corporal (Nursing Cadet) Allison presented a farewell gift to Sgt. John Drake. Sgt. Drake, R.A.F., had given invaluable service to the Brigade. In his address D/O. Reginald said "We are losing one of the finest men we have ever had in the Cadet Division. Losing Sgt. Drake is like losing the back· bone of the Brigade." (Report in "Hertfordshire Hemel Hempstead Gazette").
Hope to have bumper issue next month, but at this moment the Editor regrets she is unable to write any more today.
THE ST. JOHN REVIEW
Official Journal of St. John
Volume 42 Number 2 FEBRUARY, 1969
MALIGNANT ENIGMA
Cancer is considered from many different viewpoints, malignant variations upon the same enigma. A person recently bereaved shudders at the mention of the word, thinks back upon months of illness, many false hopes, with disappointment in the end. A patient on hearing the diagnosis, or suspecting it, is struck dumb. Fear of cancer can make fools of us all. Then the pathologist-he sees malignancy from many and various aspects, for cancer is unlike other diseases.
It does not, so far as we know, depend on infection with a micro-organism, though this is not impossible. Nor may it necessarily arise from irritation by poisonous substances, though this is a most important facet of the problem. Cancer is a word which covers a multitude of diseases.
In essence, cancer is a peculiarity of cell behaviour. The cells-any cells in any organ of the body-revert to a primitive mode of behaviour, characterised by rapid multiplication, as in the embryo. But unlike embryonic cells their growth conforms to no predetermined pattern. They may storm through the body, and travel far from their source to initiate fresh centres of malignancy.
The body is not quite powerless. There are several defence mechanisms- some based on im2
munity. These may be our best protection again st the malignant process anywhere. One day we ma y be able to intensify this immunity, as we can do with diphtheria and other infection.
Newest of all our weapons against cancer is th e use of drugs, chemotherapy. There is no limit to the number of chemical compounds that can be manufactured, and any of them may turn out to have this selective action which will kill off th e mal ignant cell, without damaging the healthy cells of the body. It is the gardener'S ancient problem of finding a weed killer that will not destroy th e flowers.
Fifty years ago, tuberculosis was virtually in· curable: in the last quarter century new drugs have completely changed our attitude. But TB is caused by a mycobacterium which we acquire from an already infected case under conditions well understood. Cancer is not the same, and a different sort of chemotherapy will be required . Even were the perfect drug discovered, there would still be work for the surgeon and the radiologist. An immense craftsmanship in clinica l management would be necessary to support th e chemotherapy.
By courtesy of "Health ."
CONTENTS
Looking Around
Sir Philip Southwell, CB.E.,
Dates of National S.J.A.A. First Aid Competitions Essay Competition Winning Entries
Order of St. John Admissions and Promotions
Why I Joined , by F. E. Winniatt
Touched by a Loving Hand, by G. Tofts Crossword C
jfobn jfersep qcomp etition
Senior Class
Doctor E. o. B. Voisin Memorial Prizes
Joint First Prize
TINA FRITOT, Jersey College for Girls-" Goldilocks."
SUZANNE E. LE MIERE, Convent FCJ.-" The Ghost of Lord Caldhurst's Daughter."
Third Prize
SUSAN M. FREEBORN, Helvetia High School-" The Knife."
Consolation Prizes
ALISON M. AHIER, Helvetia High Schoo1. TERESA A. MOREL, Convent FC.J.
PAULINE M. DU VAL, Helvetia High School. LINDA C. NORTHCROFT, Helvetia High School.
COLETTE E. EVE, Convent FCJ. SUSAN W. OGLESBY, Helvetia High School.
JENIFER M. HOOTAN, Convent FC.J. ANNETTE E. PILGRIM, Helvetia High School
GLORIA E. MARETT, Helvetia High School. TERESA Y. WEBBER, Convent FCJ.
Junior Class
Doris Le Cronier Memorial Prizes
First Prize
ESTELLE M. LE MIERE, St. Lawrence School-" Miriam's Good Deed."
Second Prize
JULIA COUTANCHE, St. John's School-" Great Aunt Nelly' Shocks."
Third Prize
SUSAN P. O'CONNELL, Beaulieu Convent School-" How I Encouraged My Mother to Become a First Aider."
Consolation Prizes
MARIA C. A. BROOKS, Beaulieu Convent Sch. CHRISTINE PRIOR, St. Clement's School.
JANINE F. LE CORRE, Convent FCJ. WENDY PRIOR, St. Clement's School.
NIGEL S. DUP A YS, St. Clement' School. ADRIAN RABET, St. Clement' School.
MICHAEL ETIENNE, St. Clement's School. LINDA RIDLEY, St. Clement's School.
MARION A. NICOLLE, St. John's School. SUSAN M. LE SUEUR, Convent FCJ.
Winning Essays/Stories on pages 15, 18, and 27
ST. JOHN HOUSE
Just the place for all St. John members to stay and meet their friends.
H.R.H. THE PRINCESS MARGARET IN LINCOLN
HER ROYAL HIGHNESS talking to Shirley Mitchell and other Nursing Cadets whell she visited Scunthorpe to open the new St. John H.Q.
VARIOUS DEMONSTRATIONS
were laid on for Her RoyaL Highness's visit and picture shows ll-year-old Nursing Cadet Yvonne Andrich bathing a baby-part of the "Child Care" course which is one of a varie t y of certificates Cadets can take in order to gain the top award of the Grand Prior's Award. Princess Margaret is Commandant-in-Chief of AmbuLance and Nursing Cadets. She is also a Dam e Grand Cross of the Order of St. John. The Lincoln Gardens Grouped Dwelling scheme was one of the many visits and engagements during her visit.
FIRST AID IN INDUSTRY by H. PROCTOR, F'.R.C.S. Ed.
Surgeon, Birmingham Accident Hospital
The first aider in industry must not take on the role of a semi-skilled doctor, this alway leads to trouble, for important injuries can be missed in what appears to be a trivial wound - for example, a simple cut on the finger may have divided a tendon or nerve.
In industry there are many minor wounds that the first aider can treat definitively, and others that req uire a dressing and a further opinion from a nurse or doctor. The first aider must therefore reali e his jimitations and only treat what he knows he can treat effectively.
Far more minor injuries occur in industry than on the roads, 0 the role of the first aider in industry is somewhat different from the first aider trained to deal with road accident. The latter has to treat and arrange for the disposal of major injurie which are common, but fortunately rare in industry.
By careful attention to detail the first aider can do much for the patient with a minor injury by adequate dres ing and keeping him at work. But neglect of a minor injury may well mean a patient with a minor injury being off work for weeks.
Facilities
The facilities available for first aid will vary with the size of the factory. In large organi ations, properly equipped treatment centres are provided and run by doctors and nurses. First aiders are re ponsible for remote part of the factory, but at least help i easily obtainable.
In medium sized work place - i.e. tho e with a hundred or so work people and the sma]] units of ] 0-20. work people- no such aid is po sible, so a first alder must be present at each hift and he must have the equipment to do the job. Fortunately the law lays down the minimum requirement which must be available in each first aid box. The convary to the size of the factory and thl hould be 111 the charge of the first aider on duty.
In addition to the first aid box suitable facilities mu.st be available for the first aider to do his work. ThiS mean he must have at least a table and chair a sink running water which are kept clean 10 some qUiet part of the factory or shop. A 7
separate little room is ideal, but rarely available in small organisations.
Where there are many small factori_ _ close together, a in some of the new factory sit Ps, such as at Harlow Wood, a health and treatment clntre for the whole site is a much more economical and satisfactory method of looking after the sick or injured worker, for treatment can then be given by doctors and nurses and saves the patient losing time from work going to see his own doctor or to ho pital for treatment.
Prevention of accidents
The first aider should collaborate with the Safety Department in promoting the use of protective clothing, goggles, helmets or boots, etc., required for particular jobs.
Types of injury
Minor cuts and abrasions include only those in which the skin alone has been involved, anything more than this must be considered as a possible major injury from the first aider's point of view. Sprains and fractures may be difficult to differentiate when the fracture i near a joint and will need an X-ray to determine the full extent of the injury, and so are major injuries.
Foreign bodies if superficial and easily removed are minor, but those which have penetrated deeply are major.
Some accident are obviously seriou and a 0ciated with "shock." The term "shock" i an unfortunate one, for it merely denotes a clinical picture which has many causes and changes quite rapidly in degree. However, the term is now a household word and accepted. Efforts, however, hould be made to determine the cause to make the term meaningful. From the fir t aider' point of view two types exist:
1. Primary or neurogenic hock.
2. Traumatic or haemorrhagic hock.
Neurogenic shock comes on rapidly being nervous in origin and i seen most typical in fainting attack. Here the cause may be the sight of some accident or disaster, hearing of some unpleasant
Lincolnshire Star
Lincolnshirc St ar
news or pain; such patients have fainted and the term "shock" is better not applied, though the clinical picture of pallor, cold clammy skin, weak pulse and unconsciousness may simulate shock from other causes, such as bleeding. The only sio-nificant difference being a slow, weak pulse, if indeed it can be felt at all, whereas in traumatic hock the pulse is rapid. The treatment is merely to lay the patient down or leave him lying down until he recovers.
Traumatic shock is due to fluid loss, either from bleeding following injury or plasma following burns. This takes time to develop for the blood volume must be depleted by at least two pints of blood before any sign of traumatic shock develops. The difficulty arises from the fact that any injur.y will produce some degree of. nervous sh?ck, If there is no improvement WIth the patient lymg down then traumatic shock is probably developing and should be regarded as such . The signs are similar, marked pallor, cold clammy skin, po?r pulse due to depleted blood volume but a rapId one due to the body trying to make use of what blood remains by circulating it more quickly. Any major injury which is followed by of the patient should be regarded as traumatIc shock by the first aider.
Special types of injury
Penetrating wounds, however small the surface wound, must be treated seriously and sent to a doctor after cleaning the wound and applying a dressing.
Eye injuries should always be sent to a doctor for examination. Small, foreign bodies, however, may be removed if on the surface of the eye and removal easy with a wisp of cotton wool. No instrument should be used on the eye itself for fear of damaging the cornea.
Tetanus is always a hazard in certain industries especially where agricultural implements are being repaired or raw food stuffs are being prepared. Where this hazard exists a doctor should always advise treatment and the firm should make some effort to immunise the work people by injections against this very serious hazard.
Gassing is a hazard peculiar to certain industries and where this hazard exists, special precautions and training in the use of respirators and particular working methods is necessary Resuscitative measures should be available and everyone well versed in the methods of artificial respiration.
Chemicals produce burns and should be washed off as quickly as possible with copious amounts of water. This applies particularly to splash burns of the eye when immediate and prolonged washing is essential. A pad and bandage should then be applied and the patient sent to an eye specialist as soon as possible.
8
Treatment
All wounds should be thoroughly cleansed round the edges and surounding skin, soap and water is adequate and satisfactory but Cetavlon may be more convenient to use, then a clean dry dressin g applied. No ointments, dyes or disinfectants should ever be applied, they are likely to do more harm than good.
Where the wound is a clean cut of skin this is all that is required for final treatment provided the dressing is kept on and kept dry. This may be difficult in certain occupations, especially when cutting oil is used. Under these conditions the dressing must be changed several times during th e working day or the patient must be given alternative work.
Where the wound is bruised and gaping, it will require further toilet and stitching which will to be carried out by a doctor or nurse. The decI IOn of what needs stitching cannot be made by a first aider, except for the very mall linear skin wound s. Avoidance of infection should be the aim of all first aid dressings, hence the importance of primar y cleansing and proper covering until the wound is healed . Infection delays healing and may re ult in serious infection neces itating treatment in ho pit al and prolonged loss of work.
Bleeding can alway be topped by direct pressure over the wound . A dry dressing, wool and firm bandage is all that is required. Should th e bleeding come through this then apply a further wool and bandage over the top of the first dressin g. Do not remove the first dre ing and re-expose the wound. Do not use a tourniquet or improvise a tourniquet, it nearly always does more harm th an good as it is rarely put on efficiently by first alder - too loose encourages bleeding and too tight may damage important structure which have not be en injured.
Foreign bodies if easily removed should be removed and a sterile dressing applied. If the foreign body cannot be removed easily. do not force but dress the wound with the foreIgn body 10 and send the patient to a doctor.
As distinct from foreign bodies, loose bodies are usually pieces of bone and therefore not f?reign tissue and should be left severely alone even If the) appear quite loose, for may be for reconstruction of the lllJured bone. A smtabl ) padded sterile dressing is all that the first aider can do prior to transfer to hospital.
"Shock" cannot be treated by the first aider He can only try and prevent it becoming worse b) controlling any external blood loss by adequa te dressings. Nothing should be given by mouth, f?r this only encourages vomiting with further flUI d loss.
No drugs should be given. patient should be kept cool and not wrappeo
up in numerous blankets, for this only makes him sweat and lose further fluid which the first aider should be trying to conserve as it is the fluid loss from the circulation which accounts for the traumatic shock. The patient should be transferred to hospital as quickly as possible.
Fractures. Suspected fractures are best treated by a firm bandage and in the case of the upper limb resting it in a sling, and in the lower limb by not allowing the patient to walk on the affected limb, and transferring to hospital for X-ray.
In obvious fractures which are characterised by pain and deformity the upper limb may be treated as above, but when the lower limb is involved the patient should be placed on a stretcher and made comfortable by supporting the fractured limb and transferring to hospital a soon a possible.
The limb can be made comfortable and secure without necessarily resorting to splints. Splints are
difficult to apply without causing pain and are frequently uncomfortable when applied. The object of the exercise is to stop the fracture moving and this can be achieved by supporting the limb and the foot on each side with rolled up blankets or small sandbags, or by pillows, or if all else fails by fixing the legs and the feet together with narrow folded triangular slings.
If a wound is present with the fracture it should be covered with a sterile dressing and bandaged prior to immobilisation. If any bone is protruding it should be left severely alone, no attempt should be made to remove it.
Conclusion. Except for very minor injuries the first aider is expected to give only primary treatment which will last long enough for the patient to be sent to a doctor or hospital.
Co urt esy of the author and "AmbulaJ/ce Bulletin."
BRITISH UNITED PROVIDENT ASSOCIATION
Security in Sickness
All enquiries regarding the above excellent organi ation to Hon. Group Secretary, Group 680, Mrs. H. E. D . Richard s, 23, Pembr oke Gardens, London, W.8. Tel.: 01-603 5761.
Membership of the Group is open to anyone connected with St. J o hn.
ST. JOHN AMBULANCE
NATIONAL FmST AID COMPETITIONS-1969
March 13
March 26
March 29
April 17
April 19
April 24
May 3
May 10
June 5
June 11
June 19
JUly 2 and July 4
July 10
October 5
November 20
FIRE BRIGADES
ELECrRICITY SUPPLY AMBULANCE CENTRE
GIRLS BRIGADE
DISTILLERS COMPANY (Southern Area)
NATIONAL DOCK LABOUR BOARD
AMBULANCE CENTRE
DOCK & HARBOUR AUTHORITIES
ASSOCIA TION
NATIONAL COAL BOARD
H J HEINZ CO. LTD. B.P. CHEMICALS
MINISTRY OF TECHNOLOGY
AMBULANCE CENTRE
ARMY DEPARTMENT AMBULANCE CENTRE
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF YOUNG FARMERS' CLUBS
BRITISH RAILWAYS , LONDON
TRANSPORT (RAILWAYS) & BRITISH
TRANSPORT DOCKS
NATIONAL ROAD PASSENGER
TRANSPORT AMBULANCE ASSOC.
GRAND PRIOR 'S TROPHY
COMPETITIONS
Fire & Ambulance Service H.Q Birmingham
University of Bristol Union Brigade Hou e, London , S.W .6 Conway Hall, London , W Cl
Queen Mar y College, London E.l '
Norbreck Hydro , Blackpool
The Spa Rooms, Scarborough Kitt Green, Wigan Tavistock Rooms, London, W .C2
E.l.D. Aquila, Bromley. Kent
Porchester Hall , London, W .2
Royal Show, Kenilworth
Queen Mary College , London, E.1.
The Music Hall , Union Street, Aberdeen
Seymour Hall, London, W .l
AUTUMN COMPETITIONS-DATES AND PLACES NOT YET CONFIRMED
Sept./Oct. 9AS INDUSTRY COMPETITIONS, GENERAL POST OFFICE COMPETITIONS DAILY EXPRESS" NATIONAL COMPETITION FOR INDUSTRY , 9
CANADA
526 WINNIPEG (CENTENNIAL) DIYISION. Fron! Row, Adults (left to right): Mr. J. C. McKinnon, Provlncwl Major A:. H. Morrison, C.D., Honorary Divisional Pr esident; Mr. R. W. Rud ge, DIvISIonal Richard Brian Rudge , Divisional Mascot; Alderman City of Wlnllipeg. Second row: Adults (left to right): Dr A. H Harrop , Pro v lncwl CommiSSIOner; Mr. M. Keenan, R.N., Provincial Training Officer
LEICESTERSHIRE
MOAT ROAD NURSING CADET DIVISION. Two young members of the Moat Road Nursing Cadet DiviSt. John Ambulance Brigade Evelyn O'Connor and Noe'leen Joites, became joint holders of their qivision's ,highest dward for annual effici.ency, the Trophy, at the Division 's Parents' Evel1lng, held at Bngade Headquarters , Regent Road , Leicester, recelltly. P. W. Jackson
Evelyn alld Noeleen also gai n ed further awards- for both received their Special Service Shields from COl/nty Staff Officer Miss A. E. Gabriel, following the presentation of the Divisional Trophy. Miss Gahriel co n gratulated th e girls on th e ir SLiccess, particularly in fulfilling :200 hours eac h of voluntary service outside their Bri gade duties, thus qualifying for their shields. Miss Gabriel also paid tribute to the work of Lesley H eath who has gained her second shield and is well o n the way to her third.
During th e eve nin g the Deputy Commissioner, Dr. A. R. Bradl ey, officially enro ll ed five n ew members of the Division into the Brigad e-Jasu B e n Pat el, Elaine Maloney, Vicky Fent, Lisa Croxtall and Paula Br eward.
Dr. Bradl ev also performed two official dlltiespresenting D; ·. J L. Re es with his warrant as Moat Road Cadets' new Divisional Surgeon, and awarding Divisional Officer Mrs. N. Leslie her service medal after 15 years untiring work with th e Division.
The Division 's senior first aid tropliy was won hy Moya Moore, with the runner-up shield going to Marian Castell. The hom e nursing award went to Lynll Burdett, with Elaine Maloney takin g th e runner-up shield.
Following the official presentations the cadets d emonstrated first aid and home nursing tec hniqu es to the man y parents and friends who were present.
LAGOS
LA Y LECTURERS' COURSE Police College, lkeja Twellty-seven candidates from all over the Federation, Polic emen and Women took the course and twenty-one passed. Many congratulations to the successful calldidates and best wishes to the others next time.
INDIA
The Members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade did very useful work during the quarter under review. It will be seen from the brief report that follows that they gave first a id in nearly 4,000 cases, took action promptly in response to hundreds of ambulatory call and organized [our training and social service camps. A triking feature of their present-day activity eems to be that they are taking keener a nd keener part in motivation work for family planning.
No .2 (WEST BENGAL) DISTRICr
Brigade personnel were on public dut y on 159 occasions throughout the state and rendered first aid in a large number of cases. Two hundred and forty-Ave cases were attended to by them only at Sagar islands. In 1 I
addition they attended to 257 ca es out ide their duty bour at difTerent place
No.3 (MAHAR ASHTRA) DISTRICT
During the quarter under review one new division was formed. We welcome the newly formed Saifee Ambulance Nursing Divi ion to the brigade family.
Member of the Par i Ambulance Divi ion performed public duty on 27 occa ion and gave first aid to 187 cases. be ide attending to 303 am bulatory call. The Co mopolitan Fort Ambulance. the Radiant Club and Peoples Union Ambulance Division attended to 140 ca e Of the 802 ca es attended to by members of the various divisions , 475 were attended to after duty hours. A two day camp too wa held at the National P ark. Borivili , in January
PRESENTATION TO MRS . MARGARET BOOTHMAN , M.B .E., Count y Superintendent, Buckinghamshire , of the Steeple Cup for her outstanding ser vice s to St. John from 1951-1968. In fact she served with the em ergenc y s ervic es durin g the war as a member of the Brigade and , as we older members know , h er fath e r was Major White Knox, better known as "The Father of First Aid." Amon g thos e present were the Superintendent-in-Chief , the Deputy Commission er-in-Chi e f , th e Deput y Superintendent-in-Chief, and Staff Officer Miss M. Downing who has recently been awarded the M B.E. for her services to the St. John and R ed Cross Service Hospitals Welfare Services. Picture shows (left to right) , Count y Vice-President Brigadier J. N. Cheney, c.V.0 ., O.B.E ., D.L. , Mrs Boothman alld Mr S. Bunk e r who was , until recently, Commission e r for Buckin g hamshir e. B U C K S
SHOWS D / S Mrs. Cross , S E.N. and D / a P Musker entering th e d e tails of th e casualt y
D / 0 P. MUSKER and CADET CPL. BEHAN testill g th e o xy g en and r esltscitation eqllipm ent
ST. HELENS ST. JOHN AMBULANCE
L A N C S THE AREA COMMISSIONER pr es ented Mr. Scott with a watch to mark his r e tir em en t aft er 18 ye ars s ervi ce. Among those pr es ent w er e: Div Supt. E Math e ws , Mr. J R Middl e hurst , o.st.J ., form er Area Commission er , who mad e th e pr e sentation , Mr. Hodgins , Corps Tr easurer , Mrs M. Platt , S R.N ., Corps Supt ., Mr J. Stott , form e r Corps Supt. now re tir ed , Mr. T. Pickavanc e, form erl y Tr easur e r Ha y dock Di v. lat e r St H elelL Div. , Mr M . Br e nnan , A mbulance Offic er , St. H el e ns Div. , Mr. J. Mannion , form er m em ber St H el e ns Di v
(A bo ve and ri g ht) OF countr y Di visi o n " b ogged-dowll ." Th e D,VlslOnal Sup erlnt e nd e llt and Di v isi o nal Offi ce r d o ill g a go od job of di gg in g -o llt
PICTURE
LEJICE§TER§HIRE
(A bove)
SOUTHFIELDS LIBRARY AND LORD ROGERS MANNERS CADETS pictured with their First Aid trophies. Malcolm Cross who gained the Hoggar Cup and John Timson with the Jenks Trophy
(Right)
CADET SGT. PETER DYSON, Market Harborough Ambulance Cadet Division, with the Ghyst First Aid Trophy (presented by an anonymous donor) for individual divisional competition The competitions were judged b y Dr. J. H. Cumberland and the trophies presented hy Mrs. S. Warner, a former Superintendent of the Market Harborough Nursing Division. Runner-up was Cpl. Robert Jaycock and, third , Cadet Stephen Goodman. 14
By Tina Fritot
The car sped along the narrow country lane, careering around the sharp bends, just missing the hedges on either side, stopping with a jolt and the scream of brakes at the yellow line. Then we were off again. I shouted to my father above the screeching of the tyres.
"Stop! Dad, stop! "
But he drove madly on. My mother clenched her hands tightly in her lap, and I watched her close her eye at every corner. But she dared not say anything to her drunken husband. Suddenly 1 saw a light ahead. It came closer and closer and closer!
"Dad! "
The brakes screeched but it was too late. The (Above) crash as the cars met, the tinkle of splintering gla s,
ARTHUR FAJRE URSING CADET DIVISIO my mother's hysterical screams, they all re ounded TROPHY WINNERS. (L.) Sgt. Yvonne Barrad e ll with Ii again and again in my mind. Then all was darkRosa Lord Cup for the best turned-ollt Cadet. Jacqu e/illt ness Crick with the troph y for the best recrllit and Jos ephine King with the Yates TJ'?phy for the Cac!et of ,the The next day I regained consciousness. My head Year. Yvonne also h e r Sp ec tal ServIce Shleld,fOl was spinning 1" I f It . 1 I . k 200 hOllrs voluntary servIc e over and abol 'e normal Brt gar sp nlllng '.' e. VI? ent y SIC , activities. During the eve ning eight new rec ruits were and there was a throbbmg pam m my leg. enrolled by Miss Gabri e l who paid specialtribllte to th e I opened my eyes. Something white was turning help. a,nd support of th e parents of the memb e rs of th e round and round about me. Gradually it became DlVlSLOI1S. and I that I wa in a hospital, in All picturcs by P. J. Jackson whIch everythmg seemed to be white. Suddenly, a calm, soothing voice whispered to me.
"Hello, my dear. We have been waiting for you !o wake up. Now, I know you feel a bit pecuhar, but don't worry, you are going to be fine."
I turned my head, and saw the nurse. She had wavy, grey hair, pushed neatly into a little white cap. Her deep blue eyes were surrounded with long, fair lashe which blinked up and down Her complexion was emphasised by bnght red IIp tick, and the white collar of her neatly pressed uniform. She held a cool hand to my forehead, and pushed back a straying lock of my chestnut-brown hair.
have .got a crop, haven't you, love.. she saId softly. 'We'll have to call you GoldIlocks. "
Then I remembered the cra h.
"My parents! Where are they?"
:'Now don't you worry about a thing. You're gomg be .fine, I told you," she reprimanded me, smIlmg kindly.
Each day I asked the same question.
"Where are my Mum and Dad?"
Please address all material for the magazine to me at 23 Pembroke Gardens, London, W B Telephone : 01-603 5761
Any queries regarding press notices, exhibition material, except when relating to the REVI EW, should be addressed to:-
Miss O'Connor, Press Secretary, St. John Ambulance, 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1 Telephone: 01-2355231
The REVIEW Advertisement Managers are: -
T. G. Scott & Son Ltd., 1 Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.C.2
Telephone: 01-2426264 01-4054743
No one knew . Gradually, I realised that they were dead; I uppose I had known it all along really, but I just could not accept it. Then the doctor told me.
"They died instantaneously. They had no pain. Do not cry. They are afe and well now, and they are watching you. You mu t be a brave girl. You are having an operation oon. We want to do something to that leg of yours that hurt."
All I remember of the operation wa a dream, a lovely dream of my mother and father. Once in hi life he wa drunk once in hi life.
Throughout my ix month in ho pita!, that Sister was my comforter and protector. She howed me how to walk with a tick, helped me when I fell, and gave me confidence. I then vowed I would become a nurse. 1 was only nine and 1t was a long wait, so I joined the St. John Ambulance Division at my school, and I learn how to care for people, as that nur e cared for me, "her little Goldilock ."
15
DERBYSHIRE
Glossop Chronicle and GL OSSOP DIVISION'S 40th ANNIVERSARY. To mark the 40th anniversary of the Glossop Div. the Town Council arranged the floral decoration in the main square. To celebrate the occasion of the Division's 40th anniversary a Church parade was held at Glossop and attended by members from all over the High Peak Corps and Derwent Area of Derbyshire.
Cl14 Lower Sydenham Cadets
R ECENTLY WE congratulated the Ambulance Division, Renislaw Park Colliery, for eleven Cadets gaining their Grand Prior's Badges, this seemed to be a near record. However, picture shows 13 members of the Lower Sydenham A IC Division who qualified in 1968. Further details in March issue.
MARCH ST. JOHN AMBULANCE DIVISION'S
Fisher and Cambridgeshire Times
FIRST AID FOR HOUSEWIVES. During the first of a series of lectures held last year at the March Divisional H.Q., both instructors, students and victims seem to be enjoying the session. District Superintendent Mr. S. W. Atkinson (not in the picture), gave the introductory talk. We hope that all the candidates were successful
ROSSINGTON NURSING CADET DIVISION COMPETITION WINNERS. Picture shows: left to right, D 10. L. Reynolds, Nursing Cadets E. Drezeuechi, S. Smith, S. Swailes, J. Wakefield DIO. I. Stokoe. The team won the Mrs. Townsend Trophy, Doncaster Area, for Home NllrsII1g It was the first time the team had competed (average age 13), and five other teams took part
D.
By Estelle Le Miere
"Miriam, will you be able to come and see our new baby calf tonight?" asked Joan, Miriam's school friend.
"I'm very sorry, but I've got a first aid clas to night. "
"Pah! What's the use of first aid classes. When will you ever need to do fir t aid?"
"It may come in handy o ne day, you never know."
The next day, after school, Miriam was passing old Mr. Randle's house, when she heard him houting. 1 wonder what's wrong, thought Miriam. I'd better go and see . She rapped on the door. A whitefaced man opened it.
"Is there anything I can do for you?"
"Oh, yes, my wife's fallen down and 'urt 'er leg. 'Twa all the fault of that there ghost, big and white it was. Oh me! Oh my! "
Miriam ran into a room where Mrs. Randle wa s lying on the floor, groaning feebly.
"My leg, oh, my leg! I fell in the kitchen."
"I had a job to drag 'er in here," said the old man .
"Oh, Mr. Randle," said Miriam, "you shouldn't have moved her, I can see she has a badly broken leg. Give me some clean rags and I'll bind her two legs together. Cover her with my coat first."
A few minutes later Miriam said: "Stay with her, I'm going to phone for the ambulance. Luckily
By Suzanne Le Miere
Tu Whit! Tu Woo! came echoing through the darkness. The great pines on each side of the neglected drive, moaned.
I shivered and clutched Mary.
"I hate this drive at night! "
My friend and I were going to spend an evening with an old cousin, owner of an ancient manor dating back to Charles II.
Mary knocked on the great oaken door, but nothing happened. We waited, then sensing something wrong, I opened the door. We found Cousin Phoebe in the drawing-room. Her face was ashen and her eyes held a look of terror; she was trembling violently.
"I've had such a shock," she cried. "The ghost ... " her voice died away.
18
I always keep fourpence in my pocket in ca e an emergency."
Miriam ran off to phone and was soon back .
"Oh, dear, what shall 1 do? How will pOI Charles manage all alone?" Mrs Randle \\ clearly upset.
"Don't worry, Mr s Randle, I'm sur e yOl hu band will manage."
Just then old Mr. Randle carne in with a of steaming hot , sweet tea and gave it to his wife
"Sit up, dear," he said, "I know you mu s(n have brandy."
Miriam turned to him.
"Please, Mr. Randle, don ' t touch your wife ar plea e drink the tea yourself. Mrs. Randle II probably have to have an anae thetic to et thi s I and shouldn't have anything to eat or drink ."
Just then the ambulance drew up outside. T Il men came in wi th a s tretcher and lifted Mr Randle gently on to it.
When the ambulance had gone, Miriam we: to the kitchen to tidy up. Suddenly, with an an g: snarl, a white o bject sprang at her. It was huge white cat.
"Well, thi mu s t have been the ghost," chuck le Miriam.
When the girls at school heard Miriam 's s tar lots of other children went to fir t aid clas es an Joan thought it wa s non sense no more E S S E X
ACCENT ON YOUTH
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY CADETS alld th e
illustratin
ESSAY COMPETITION WINNERS
S ee pa ge s 5. 15 and 18.
"Shall I give her some brandy?" asked Mary.
"No, that's the worst thing you can do!" I crie
"Help me to get her to bed."
Soon the old lady was warmly wrapped blankets with a cushion under her feet. I ran dOlI to the servants' quarters but a loud voice toppe me from opening the door wide.
"Well, that's a job well done; the old girl \-\ 1 scared stiff when our ghost appeared."
1 peeped through the crack of the door. A set fellow was pacing up and down. Marguen\; the timid little chambermaid, was sobbin: Abraham, the frail old gardener, was trying I comfort her whilst the cook, a large, beefy woma r whom I'd never liked, was sitting on a chal
(Continued 011 page 27)
D T M. & H Win g Co mm a nd e r Willi a m E ri c C1 iffordJ o nes, M B B S M R .C. S L. R .C. P. M e lvill c J o hn Co rri gan , M B ., B Ch Te re nce J ose ph Hyph er. M B B Ch ., D O J o hn D ys e r Sa lm o n , M B ., B :Ch ., F R .C. S
erso
C.P. ,
rt s Rin g All
,
enr y Bri ggs, M S .C., M B ., Ch B ., I G eoffrey W es o n W e ll s, W illi a m F r a ncis Surt eees, O B .E , T D ames W cslO ll M A D .L J.P. Rear - Admira l Al a n La ) C. B "
Andr ew G o dfrey Be ll i\ I.R. C. S L. R .C .P
A lf Lee Fi o rdb o tt en M D D o u g as F erri s H ewat-J aboo r 1.B ., OJ B. Vi c t o r Th o ma s Smithym a n O.B .E.
Professo r Li o ne H a rr y Butl e r , M A
OFF rCE R (BROTHE R) (ASSOcrA TE) J c thal a l D evch a nd Shah
Asmund S L ae rd a Andrew P e tc r Fe rry , M.D F.A.C. S Ronni e R R ay. M D 1. William K o hl M D William C asey. M D
OFFrCE R (SISTER)
The Hon P c arl Law o n J o hn sto n O. B .E. Be tty N o rah , Mrs Lew is Victoria. Mrs . J os lin
Lilian G ertrud e Mi ss G o rm a n Beryl Mari o n. Mi ss Whit e Ada Mi ss Ni ghtingal e. S E. N A R.R .C. Evel yn Anni e, Mrs. Purk ess, S R N ., S .C. M .• Oli v ia. Mi ss Rogc rs. S R.N S .C. M K a thleen, Mi ss Barrie
N e lli e Robin son , Mrs Billin gs Glad vs Ev e lin e Mi ss Clow
Continued on page 22
WHY I JOINED
By F. E. Winniatt
I n 1922, a t the age of 20, when a n u mber of w,orking men at that ag.e were. dnftmg somewhat aimlessly through lIfe-thIS was m the immediate post-war of War I - I was suddenly invited to Jom a first aId
The man who invited me was a mmer; he was also a great friend and fellow. rugger player. In addition, like many Welsh mmers, he was well read and something of a scholar.
I was a railwayman, so I joined the Newport Dock Street Railway Class at Newport, Mon. After obtaining a first aid certificate 1 joined the Newport Dock Street Ambulance Brigade of the Newport Corps. . .
The Brigade Headquarters. wa s a Terntonal Army drill hall, formerly occupIed by the 1st Mon. Rifle Brigade. This was situated in Dock Street, Newport, Mon.
In the Newport Corps at that .ti!ll:e there were four Divisions, Newport Town DIVISIOn, Newport High Street Railway Division, Newport Dock Street Railway Division and the Newport Alexandra Docks Division.
The Newport Corp s was a splendid Corp s. The Officers were drawn from the profes sions and trades. Many had seen active service in War l' some had been commissioned in the FIeld. It h'ad a fine record for service on the pu blic duty roll and in the first aid competition field a tine self-discipline wa maintained and on parade every man was immaculately turned out- we were a proud Corps.
Newport boasted a fine record in competltIOns - in 1905 two Newport team s won the "Dewar Shield" and the "Inter Railway Shield" on the same day in London - at that time the two s upreme ambulance trophies in the world These trophies were brought to Newport on everal occasions afterwards.
My mining friend joined the Newport Alexandra Docks Division because, although working up in the mining valleys in a colliery, he lived near the Docks, but we played rugger together for the same team and then went out on public duty together to the "Empire" music hall or the cinemas in the evening.
About this time we formed an ambulance team to compete in open Ambulance Competition. During the twenties and thirties, almost up to the beginning of World War II, in South Wales nearly every town Or large village of note staged an annual Eisteddfod at which, in addition to the Choral Singing, Brass Band contest, soloi ts, etc. , there was also an Ambulance Competition and as a team, provided we could get away from work, we entered. We were not concerned so much with Winning as we were with meeting old friends from the mining Divisions that abounded at that time 21
in M onmo u thshi r e and Glamorganshire. It was a delight to visit towns and villages that we would never have bothered about had it not been for an Am b ul a n ce Competition.
As the years rolled on the rugger p laying finished bu t the first aid remained. 1 moved to Aberdare. 1 was a bus driver attached to a railway company so I competed with the Railway Ambulance team and also joined an Ambulance Division at Aberdare and, whenever the opportunity presented itself, I competed with a B rigade team in open Ambulance Competitions.
In the early 1930's efforts were made to attract busmen into the amb ulance world by the founding of the material P assenger Road Transport Ambulance A ssociation , " Stirk Trophy." Although London Transport and many. of the great City Municipal Transport undertakIngs such as Liverpool, Birmingham, Cardiff, etc., provide some fine competitIOns and teams there is not the s ame spirit in first aid permeating busmen a.s there is miners, police, etc. With the mountrng toll of road accidents this is a pity.
I worked for a very progressive omnibus company who gave us every encouragement in first aid At Aberdare we had a small bus depot but we have maintained an ambulance team for more than 30 years We were never a great ambulance team but we were a very happy one.
At'the beginning of World War II I was invited to form an ambulance class for teachers at a boys' grammar school. We had a very successful class of about 60; nearly all of these students were the products of universitie, they were learned men but, f o r me, they o pened up a new world; fo r that I shall be forever grateful.
As the years g o by 1 till cling to my love of fir s t aid. 1 like to see a first cia rugby international, or look at a good water polo match, but 1 will also go a very long way to see a first class Ambulance Competiti o n
During my life I have been an active trade unionist, interested in local government as well as ambulance work. I have lived and loved every moment of it. I have been involved at times with accidents and I believe that I have rendered some to my fellow men.
REGULATIONS a re being a mended so that anvone c a n contribute an article or write a letter to the "Review " direct M ay I remind you however , that the full name a nd a ddress of the corre pondent mu t be known to the Editor and that items which are a personal attack, or could be taken as such. will not be considered for publication Otherwise the floor i yours If you have a pet " tub " here is the chance to thump it.
Admissions and Promotion s-Continued from p. 20
Y oung F lorence May Mrs. Rich ard Paulinc Mrs. Coxwell
Lilian Mar y, ,Irs. Gale
Marion. I r. Co le
S R N. Winifred Mary Miss Gray Eileen M ary, Mrs. Benham Annc Elizabeth
R osa, Mrs. Inw ood
Edith, Mrs, Carruthers. S R N ., S.e.M
Anne Eliza, Mrs. Liburd
Margaret, Mrs. Moesby
ESQUIRE
Anthony Miles Denny (as Per onal EsQulrt
Sir Lionel D enny)
Commander ir Peter Trowbridge, Bl., R' (as Personal Esquire to Rear-Admil, Roye r Dick)
!,riorp of
COMMAND
E R (B ROTH E R )
Brigadier Archibald Ian Buchanan - Du nlo e.B E., D.S.O.
CO 11\1ANDER (' 1 TER)
J amesina rO;tcr. t-.lrs. Shcwright
OFFICER (IlROTHER )
Ivan Ballantyne r ail. I.B ., 01.B. , F R .C.S.l
F.R.C.S.
Ord K ennedy R eid. J.P ., F.V.I., P.S.A.A.
George Henderson Kerr. e.A.
Fcrgus J a rdin e. F.S.A F.R.S A.
Colin Park BaIrd, O.B .E.
Alexander Fair ley Buchan, M B E ., Ph.D
B.Sc F.R b. Er ic Anhur Smith, F.R .e. O.
Willi am Grahame
Broomhead Rebecca Mrs. Topping, S R N. D o rothy Elsie. Mrs Fallows
Celia Mary, Mi ss Dillingham
H e len Mrs. Moore Mabel, Mrs Shearing
Dorothy. Miss Clark
Joan Edna, Miss Middl eton Ro e Mabel , Miss Axton
Viol e Frances, Miss Beard on
Margaret. Miss LO\'Cll
Molly. Mrs Baker
Dorothy Evelyn, Mi ss Phillip o Annie. Mrs. Goodman
Ann Elizabeth Beatrice, Mrs. Fickcn
Gertrudc Mary, Miss Mannin g Christine. Mrs. Upton. S.R.N. Jeanne Mavis Mrs. Tate
Dorothy Be ll Mi ss McGow
Mary Florencc, Mrs. Ferguson I sabella , Mrs. Deed
Audrey Marion, Mrs. Monk
Dorothy May, Mrs lIett
Dorothy May. Mrs. Powell
Joyce Ada , Miss Hamm e tt S.R.N., S e.M.
Muriel
Ann Miss Cox
Annie Mrs. Stuckey
Pearl Katherine Dorothy , Mrs. Harris
Elsie May Miss Bradburn
Margaret E ll en, Mrs. Edwards F lorence Mabel Mrs Willi s Doreen Elizabeth, Mrs. Leek
Clara Agncs , Mrs. Gra y Mauree n Rozella, Mrs. We ston
E lsie E li zabeth, Mrs. Pidgeon
Mary , Mrs. Bunon
Pauline Gwendoline, Mrs. Binnington
Annie Emily, Mrs Labistour
O li ve, Mrs Walli s Dorothy , Miss Lythgoe
Alice May, Miss Jackson
Nellie Beatrice Mrs. Caner
Agnes, Mrs. Woomes
Edith Mary, Mrs. John son
Edith, Miss Bond , S .E. N
Cecily Mary Walcot, Mrs Forder, R S.C.N.
Edna Maud, Mrs. Ingham
Mariorie Estelle, Mrs. Will shaw
Winifred Mary , Mr s. Knott
Hilda Miss Broadbent
Margaret Mrs. Allen
Sarah Alice , Miss Berry
Mavis, Mrs. Cooke, S.R N 22
KNIGHT
Lieu! -Colonel Har old Andrew Balvaird La son, M.V O.
Jame Whitton, M.B.E T.D M.A ., e.r\
Thoma N orma n Biggan, M.A LL.B.
Thomas Gilfillan Robin so n O.B.E., T.O:
Brigadier John Wesley Harper G ow, c.B.!
D .L., J.P.
OFFICER (S ISTER )
Margaret M cG illvra y, Mrs. Sinclair
Euphemia Thain, Mrs. Irvi ne
R e ne e Caroline Franees. Mrs Bueha m Dunl op
SERVING BROTHER
The R evd. Thomas Criclllon, M A.
Sir Hugh Fraser. Bt.
Sydne y Gordon D avid on, M.A., \1
F.R.C.S.
William Alexander larsh all
Alexander McGregor Michi c, O B .E., Frederick Brudcnell f m!
T.D., J.P.
Archibald Barr
R oben McDonald Ro ss, M A.
George Harri s John LeMay, e.A.
SERVING SISTER
Joan Margaret, Mrs. Skilton
Jean Condie, Mrs. Flynn
Helen Marion, Miss Cumming (Temporan
i'riorp for Wales
OFFI CE R (BROTHER)
D L. M A F.S
OFFICER (S ISTER)
The Lady Marion Phillips
ESQUIRE
Brooke Boothby (on appoi ntm ent as I'crsO Esquire to Sir Cennydd Traherne)
i'riorp of (:anaba
KNIGHT
The Honourable W Ross Macdonald pi The Honourabl e 1. R Nicholson , Victor de B Oland, E D
Anhur Jilhn Little, B .A., F.C.A. in
Dr. Brook Moore , M.B .E
Dr. James D avid Fotheringham, M.C.
Major-General Sir Jam es Harriso n , K.C.M.G., e.B., C.B.E.
DAME
Nellie Ida, Miss Muir
VictOria, Lady Bastyan
COMMANDER (BROTHER)
Sir Murray Louis Tyrrell, K.C.V .O., C.B.E., J P. Leslie James Carring
(SISTER)
NEW COMBINED Cadet Division celebrates first anniv ersary with a Christmas Party.
ISLE OF WIGHT
The last Cadet Division which existed in Ventnor was for Ambulance Cadets only, and it came to an end in 1951 shortly before I joined the Ambulance Division in a Cadet capacity. The Ambulance Division at that time had some 30 members, which included a number of Nursing Members. Later however, the Divisions were divided and the Nursing Division was formed. Over the years the strength of these divisions has declined until the Ambulance Division is in danger of becoming extinct and the Nursing Division does not appear to have any operational members currently available
The answer seemed to rely in the formation of a Cadet Division which came into being at the beginning of Januar y, 1968, when I was faced with about 60 wouldbe members, there being a large number of young ladies and boys. Without a penny to bless ourselves with and confident that the numbers would decrease rapidly I forged ahead with my assistants. I am glad to say now that the numbers did not decrease but have remained static in the 50 region and we are glad to say that we are the only combined Ambulance and Nursing Cadet Division on the Isle of Wight and I am sure this is probably the secret of our success. Unfortunately my assistants were not able to continue to help me and for several months I carried on on my own until I successfully made contact with an old Nursing Cadet, Sheila Tungate, who has joined me as A /Div. Officer and is a Nursing Sister in the Theatre at Shanklin Hospital, and her assistance is invaluable.
We have carried out a large number of activities from outdoor exercises to socials and even to fielding a football team containing nine girl cadets against the Sandown Ambulance Cadets League Team, and although we lost miserably 12- 2 we are going to fight back at another similar match in the near future.
The size of the Division required a considerable amount of control and when it came to socia l events it was necessary to have a lot of organisation Therefore prior to the appointments of ranks we formed two committees, one of which was called a General Committee, which arranged social events and outdoor events, and the second Committee was entirely for the provision 24
MEDICAL MISCELLANY
THE PUZZLE OF GLANDULAR FEVER
A Radio Talk by Dr. H. B. TURBOTT
Reprinted/rom "The Call of St. John"
I have been asked to talk about glandular fever. The request came from a family wondering whether this disease will have any after-effects in a 19-year-old person who suffered from the trouble.
Glandular fever is a disease of unknown origin, affecting principally young people up to the age of 30 years. Although it was first recognised towards the end of last century, over 70 years later we can only still guess at the causation. It may occur as single cases or in an epidemic form, and has been reported from all world continental areas. It is a disease that causes the lymph glands of the body to swell and the blood pattern to change. A virus origin is the most likely theory.
It is usually a young adult who is affected five to 15 days after contact with someone carrying the virus-or whatever the causative agent may be. A person with the usual symptoms would feel ?ff colour, have some fever, maybe a sore throat, and certarnly an enlargement of the glands towards the back of the neck, and perhaps a general swelling of all the The fever may not be very high and usually dies away five to 10 days. The enlarged glands, slightly hard and a lIttle tender, generally return to normal within a month.
The spleen is not always affected, but if it has been enlarged too? it recovers at the same time as the glands. There are changes rn the blood, first a lessening in some types of :whIte blood cells, In the week of illness by an Increase of a certaIn kInd of whIte cell, some of which are abnormal. These abnormal cells are found at times in a of acute illnesses caused by viruses, hence the
of refreshments. Considering that I did not know any SuspICIOn that glandular fever has a viral origin. these young people at the time of formation of t In the blood serum a type of agglutinin appears This can committees, I could not have possibly picked a mo be tested for. The diagnosis is established when you have efficient section. enlargement with easily recognised changes in the
The General Committee had a Chairman, Mr. Col; whIte c.ells the blood, these being confirmed by special Elvers, in charge and he was assisted by a very ab findmgs. SometImes in addition to the description Secretary, N / c Cpl. Diane Wilcox , who has now takt I have gIven, there may be a skin rash, abdominal pain from over as far as I am concerned all the work of a Dil enlarged lymph glands there, and involvement of the nervous sional Secretary and will continue in that post. Then tl system, but these happenings are rare. Usually the picture is Acting Treasurer, Mr. Keith Terry has done a great de one of enlarged glands, fever, and changes in the blood of valuable work in holding on to the limited amount pattern. money we have had passed through our hands. The oth Glandular fever remain a puzzle until we know the members of the Committee were: N / cadets Jane Whi cause. IS nothmg much we can do about it, for there is lock , Diana Marshall, Cpl. Deborah Frost, A /c Ro lli no speC ific treatment , although the doctor will treat the Paine . The Refreshment Committee consisted of N /cade symptoms and try this or that drug which seems to have Cpl. Jacqueline Croad , Linda Smith, Lindsey Down l helped others affected. For those who have the fever and (who has since left us), A l c Edward Parsons and Richal acute sympt?ms rest in bed is needed, and, afterwards, when Allamby On every occasion that we these away, the should be "take it easy required th.ese people were always there plenty ;.or a '. The outlook IS good. M.ost of those affected food suppbed by all members , all the washLOg up ar wlthm three or SIX weeks WIthout complications clearing away was done in a first class way and a ectmg the health and well-being. have really set the pace for the new committee wh " d' Perhaps you wIll get a better picture of this troublesome will have to follow them. from the words of a young girl who had just recovered
The Division has at present been divided into fi an lreturned to work. "For four to five days I could feel a Units, each of which has a Corporal in charge. If it i! the rigl:t side of my throat and felt rather Nursing Cadet as the Corporal then she has an Ambr q t a wor ,s explamed "On the SIxth day, which was ance Cadet as an unofficial No. 2 to help her , al e .warm andfmIid, I was cold and couldn't stop shivering vice versa. st n 0 a radiator. For the next few days I
We have to thank the Ambulance Divisional Su pc a ome feelIng lethargic, and having quite intendent, Mr. A. H. Worley , who has let us use his h: tl:mk, because I a great deal, for the past year and also allowed us to draw , or I shou ached much 1 he had appetite my bones say overdraw , on his banking account in order to. pI long My throat hn t t or Sit III one posl tlOn very chase uniforms About 18 members are now in umfor of extreme f d w en wallowed. mam feelIng wa and we have raised some £60 towards this, and there , bothered a general feelIng of 'couldn't be still some £35 owing to the Ambulance Division , whl Tf you are ojfllY we hope to clear in due course . throat with h ' OUI f or/ few da ys, With or without a sore
The photograph depicts our Christmas cake gland; and sweating spells, and find yo ur was presented to us by Mr. E lver s on condltl: the neck, ca ll your doctor the back or front of that the cost be collected and repaId mto our Soc or disprove the presence 'if I ta e a ood.'est and confirm Account. The cake was in white and depicted in blue and rest and take it easy g fever,'.n better to knolV A/D ' S t K M GATREL is just some kind o. 'fi Jan 0 rag on t llnkmg your trouble IV. up. . . 'J U ••••••••• 25
TOUCHED BY A LOVI NG HAN 0
In May last year Sgt. Ashcroft, of the Ware Ambulance Di v ision , sent in a report on th e Annual Brotherhood Service, attended by all th e local DiI 'isions, at which Mr. G. Tofts gave an addr ess . B ec aus e this address has so much to say to us all an extract is now print ed.
Touched by a loving hand
Wakened by kindness
Cords that were broken
Will vibrate once more
These words by F. B. Crosby are from a book by the late George F. Dempster called "Touched by a Loving Hand."
The Rev. Dempster, an Anglican Minister, was so moved by the needs of the down-and-outs of the East End of London that he devoted his life to helping them.
Much can be achieved by mankind in an effort to keep the second commandment, that of loving our neighbour as ourselves.
In the well known epistle, St Paul says: "Though I have all faith so that I could move mountains and have not love, I am nothing."
To say we lo.ve our neighbour is one thing, to reach out a lovmg hand to help them is another. Great tribute must be given to the men, women and. youngsters who have given, sometimes at sacnfice to themselves, their time strenoth and devotion by offering a loving to those in need.
" It is he whom thou hast power to aid and bless W hose aching heart and burning brow thy soothing hand may press, Where' er thou r71eetest a human form less favoured than thy own Remember, 'tis thy neighbour."
THE TOUCH OF THE LOVING HAND ON THE UNWANTED
In .the days of Our Lord, probably the most undeSIrable unwanted human being was the leper, who bemg eaten by a di ease that wa so contagious that he had to call out to announce his approach, all would scatter to allow him to pass by.
. One can never feel completely immune from SIckness or loneliness.
The big social problem of lonelines .
To many, life is ju t an existence brightened only by the call of a tradesman or an odd visitor. What to us may be a small act of kindness can be to many the uplifting touch of a loving hand. The leper came to Je us with a great need. Jesu reached out and touched the untouchable; he was restored.
. To s?me the of blood and sickness is very dlstre.ssmg. can arise by not knowing the nght thmgs to do in an emergency. To the (Continued on page 26)
VENTNOR
Touched by a Loving Hand-cont. from page 25
public the appearance of a member of St. John instils confidence.
THE TOUCH OF A LOVING HAND ON THE YOUNG
"And th ey brought unto Him infants that he might touch them."
During the war I was a member of the Hitchin S J.A.B. Cadet Camp and we were taught at that time to deal with bomb casualties, bullet wounds, gas effect and so on, but young as we were it was to us a vital and serious bu siness, loving and caring for the sick, and we felt , in our small way, we too were helping in the war effort.
Naturally, I lean very much towards the young people of our town who have joined such an important organisation as the Letchworth St. John Cadets
The important part children play in life was made very clear by Jesu s. On many occasions when he was concerned about his disciples not being willing to do the meagre tasks , He taught them that they should be humble like a child. They had forgotten His love for children which was displayed when the mothers brought their children to be blessed.
It is the concern of most parents to give their children the best. There are, however, mothers and father s who by their actions make it clear that their children are a nui sa nce to them and badly neglect them.
Mr. John Cronin, Labour M.P. for Loughborough, once said:
"There are a million children undernourished, 26
EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN
HER LIFE IN PICTURES
Compiled and Edited by Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock
Superintendent-in-Chief, st. John Ambulance Brigade
wretchedly clothed and generally miserable. Tn Government may find themselves in serious diff culties if the mute appeal of the se children is m heard, and heard soon."
The National Children 's Homes, the Chure of E ngland's Home for Children and many other tell of heart-rending stories of the negle cte children.
The Nursing branch of the St. John has a p artil ular gift here for coming so willingly to the aid I youngsters in distress. We have seen the help the give at public functions.
TO TOUCH GOD
When all human aid fails, there is but one soun left for us to turn. That one is God in wh m loving touch is all power.
" We touch him in life's Throng And Pres s and we are whole again."
The Ghost of Lord Caldhurst's Daughtercont. from page 18
"Stop snuffling kid," she said. "You'll impersona te Lord Caldh ur st's murdered daughter again tomorrow if I say so. We mean to drive the old lady o ut of the house and to get that treasure and yo u 'l1 help us or else "
I waited for no more but rushed back upstairs. Mary and I laid our plans. Next night we prepared a ghost scare of o ur own. Mary, clad in a sheet covered with phosphorescent paint, crept up to the b akony outside the servant' si ttingroom . The French windows were unl ocked. All the servants were there
"Good luck! " I whispered to Marya I sped to the fuse b ox in the kitchen to switch the lights off.
The next few minutes were upr oar. Marguerite and the cook screamed, old Abraham stood speechIe s, and the new butler rushed to the door and fled-straight into the arms of the police, whom we had caller earlier. In his pocket was a leather bag of jewels found by him and the cook that afternoon.
When the ghost vanished for the second time, needed first aid treatment and they got It-m pnson.
Old Phoebe, quite recovered, knew what wa gomg on and prepared a lovely upper for u She was delighted too, for the recovery of the lona lost jewels meant that the manor house could be repaired and made to look as it had once in
Each member of the St. John, as they tend tr sick and injured and help to relieve suffering, ca be assured that as they offer a "loving hand " I tho se in need, that they in turn will receive 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 from God by reaching in faith and touching sets (one .and two individual) of each of who will enable them to practice " for the serVl( b NatIOnal FIrst AId FInal Competitions for 1969 will of Mankind " e available.
In the words of St. John himself (John 3, v. }) £? complete set, dispatched in December 1969 cost "He that cometh after me is preferred before n for he was before me." It is when man and Gr £se3ts(2' immediately after a comk h h h d f h ff · , set 111 all) wor toget er t at t e nee sot e su enn g. PLEASE INFORM COMPEr the world can be is"the. SOON AS POSSIBLE AS the St. John motto: For the FaIth, faIth III Go A few single sets at 3s may be '1 bI f . God's faith in man. It is then that the touch of orders, lovin g hand can not only be a gentle one bu t St. Jolln Ambulance, 1, Gro venol: powerful one. ' on on, .W.I. Tel.: 01-235 5231.
27
REVIEW CROSSWORD No.1
Compiled by W. A. Potter
ACROSS
2. Room for those at the top?
5. Orifice between tomach and duodenum.
9. Speech from doctor with a short waiting-list.
10. Flutter in some heart disorders.
11. I this blood disease a result of the festive season?
12. Blackleg on healing wound.
14. Fastened door Celt had re-made.
16. Malignant growth terminating in deep uncon ciousne s.
18. Disordered tickers in vitamin D deficiency disease.
20. Remedy for all di ea es.
21. Cap with point worn over nur e' shoulders.
23. Rever e deci ion of lower authority.
26. Clever in thought and execution.
27. Browse on an abrasion.
28. Displacement of organs from normal anatomical position.
29. Super variety of di ease of small intestine. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 13. 15. 17. 19. 20. 22. 24.
Part of doctor' training and eAercise of his profes ion.
A narcotic for pulse in aortic steno i . Ankle bone in dental use.
Demanded medical reorganisation. Prai es tran formation to incomplete paralysi Para ite which may go to one' head. Survival from the past.
Seriou sequel to middle ear or inu infection. Part of cereal in barn is rich in vitamin B.
List shaped by calcaneum.
Bone beginning to wing.
Blind area in field of vi ion.
Satisfie a sleep is disturbed.
25. DOWN
Victorian surgeon who e name lives on in di ease of bone and of the nipple.
indicating that body temperature is ri ing rapldly.
Sound of a fracture.
ADVERTISEMENTSCLASSIFIED
ADVERTISING AGENTS
T. G. Scott & Son Ltd ., 1, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.C.2 (Tel.: 01-242 6264)
Cased Crested Cuff Links, 63s. Medal ribbons Is. 6d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform, 2s. each ribbon mounted on pin brooch: Regulation medals mounted 3s. 6d. per medal on brooch Miniatures quoted for.-MONTAGUE JEFFERY. Outfitter. St. Giles Street. Northampton .
(4)
BALL-PENS, Diaries. Note Pads, Keys, Fobs, Pencils, etc.. Gold-stamped Brigade name or Personal names raise funds quickly-easily Details- Northern Novellies. Bradford. 2. UP TO DISCOUNT (5) on branded CARPETS
WILTON, AXMINSTER, ORIENTALS, Etc. FREE delivery U K. Chinese. Indian. Persian Carpets and Rugs a speciality. Expert fitting arranged if required Write stating requirements or for introduction to showrooms-LONDON or MAIN cities DODSON-BULL CARPET CO •• LTD. Showrooms: 6 Old Bailey. London. E C.4 01-2487971 (10 lines) 83-89 Blackett St .• Newca,tle-upon-Tyne Tel: 20321 or 21428 55-61. Lever Street. Manchester I Tel: 061-236 3687 / 8 9 (II>
Full-length Conway Stewart Ba ll Pens die- stamped in gold with your Brigade or Charity for only 39s.; 144 Printed Pencils 35s. Plea se print your slo ga n (Maximum 30 letters), and add 4s. 6d. standard carriage. -J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2a, Hand sworth Road, London, N.17. (17)
ORGANISERS OF BAZAARS, FETES AND FUNDS.
We welcome both personal buyers and mail orders for our extensive range of toys and stationery at wholesale prices. Send for price lists. Also pre-selected parcel s: 144 6d. Toys, or 72 Is. Toys; or 38 Is. lld. Toys, or Selection Toys Is. lld. to 5s. lId.; or Selection A ssorte d Stationery. Each parcel 54s., plus 4s. 6d. po s tage. Two or more parcels 6s. postage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Culley) LTD .• 2a. Handsworth Road, London, N.l7. (18) 28
FUND RAISING MADE EASY WITH PENCILS AI BALL POINT PENS! Pencils by Rowney with HB lead in the OFFICIALLY APPROVED colours-sih white and blue, overprinted in black ink with SJ details and badge. Also pens by Conway StewaI1 able in eight duo-colours, ink printed with S.J.A. and badge. Increase your funds fast-write today fori samples and price booklet to the SUPPLIERS.-AIREDALE PRESS LTD., Dept. P.O. Box 60, Mosscar Street, Bradford, 3.
ONE complete Mess Dress; one Mess Dress Jacket, Waistcoat. Both fit man 5ft. lOin. Chest 40-42in. Excel condition. First offers accepted. - H. ]. HARI 38. Underhill Road, Tupsley, Hereford.
SUPPORT STOCKINGS
Comfort and relief for all leg troubles. Sheer fa hionable appearance. Perfect goods at amazin! low prices. See October, November, or Decem ber issues for details, or write: Cilia Jane Hosierj Co. Ltd., 53-55, London Road, Cowplain, Ports· mouth, Hants. Requests for literature and quantitl discounts welcomed.
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENl AND TRAINING SCHEMES
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL
CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l
Ophthalmic Student
Candidates accepted at the age of 17 to commence aI months course of training as Ophthalmic Students, M fields Medal and Certificate awarded to uccessful ca dates. Well equipped School of Nursing. Succe candidates, on completion may enter the General Tr ing School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses' H in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert f Victori a and Al bert Mu eum and Theatres. Tennis C Active Social Club.
Applications in writing to the Matron.
For details of the House and Membership, please complete and return this coupon to THE WARDEN, ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE. LONDON, S.W.I. (BELgravia 2732).
Classified Rates:
Semi-display, £3 10s. s.c.i. (minimum £1 10s.)
Non-Trade, 9d. per word (minimum 10s.)
Trade, 1s. per word (minimum 15s.)
Box No. 2s. 6d. extra.
Page size (Trimmed): 9i" x 7i".
Screen: Text pages 100
Copy date: 1 st of the month preceding publicatio n
Publication: 27th of month preceding cover date.
Agency commission: 10%.
for INFORMATION
concerning courses in
FIRST AID
Ask at the
OLD EYES FOR NEW
You and thousands more of us - ordinary men and womenmay now give sight to someone who is, at this moment , blind.
Because this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back their vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
Eyes of all colours are equally valuable, and it does not matter if you have worn spectacles for years.
If you are not as young as you were, do not feel that your offer will be less valuable. Strangely enough, it will be more so: the eyes of older people are even better for this purpose.
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shall benefit, it is essential that there should be many more willing donors than will ever be called upon.
Hi s Majesty King Hussein of Jordan has donaled his eyes 10 the Order's Ophthalmi c Hospital in J erusa lem.
Mark all correspondence "C ORNEAL GRAFTING" addressed 10: The Director-G e nera l, The Royal National In st itute for the Blind, 224 Great Portland Street, London,W.l.
LOOKING AROUND
Once again an apo logy for delay in publication.
However, although still sniffing and coughing (pr?bably from too many cigarettes), I hope that the worst IS now over and you can look forward to the "Review" on time.
I wish I could write individually to all those who have sent messages, stretched out a hand to help and, in so. many ways, given invaluable support oyer the last three very dl1ncult months. If I did then the next Issue would be delayed even further so please accept a sincere and deeply grateful THANk YOU through the "Review."
The last two years have been sad ones - so many .old friends and colleagues retiring and it is not always possible to publish an adequate tribute to them for what they hav.e done, not only for St. John, but for humaOJtarian activities. After thirty years m St. John (It probably sounds sentimental) I feel a personal sorrow when it comes to announcing yet another loss.
It is with regret that the following changes in the scene at Headquarters are reported:
Lieut.-General Sir Alexander Drummond, Deputy Director-General, S.J.A.A., Lieut.-Col. J. E. F. Gueritz, Secretary, S.J.A.A., who is succeeded .by .Mr. J. F G.. and Miss Muriel Watson, O.B.E., Pnnclpal AdmlOlstratlve Officer (N), who is succeeded by Mrs. whom we hope to carry a report in the next Issue, and Elizabeth, Lady Trefgarne, has had to resign as Chairman of the Appeals Committee, due to other commitments.
"The Call of St. John, " the magazine of the Priory for South Africa, comes up with items which, when .yo u are feeling "down" raises a smile, quite apart .from the.lOformative articles - glad to say that, from time to time, they pinch bits from the "Review" as we do from them. One of the pieces I liked (on the lighter side) in the last issue was a saying: "If you want to forget your other troubles, wear tight shoes."
OFFICIAL VISITS
Lt.-General Sir William Pike, Commissioner-in-Chief, has been visiting Hong Kong and India and the Superintendent-in-Chief is on a three months tour of Brigade units in Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, Zealand Fiji. I hope that there will be a feast of pictures and stones in a not too distant future issue.
The Editor would be grateful to receive copies of newsletters, magazines and annual reports direct - there is so much going on, so much being done which goes without notice because of lack of direct information.
CONGRATULATIONS TO:
Mr. Bill Moffat on being awarded the B.E.M. in this year's Birthday Honours. A member of East Ham Am bulance Division, Mr. Moffat has served St. John for sixty years, during which he has been on duty at al.l the State functions as well as the day-to-day routme activities.
Miss Margaret Wright, a former member of the Bowes Park Nursing Di vision,and now training as a physiotherapist in Leeds, has gained her Duke of Edinburgh Gold Award Peter Champam, Braintree and Bocking Ambulance Cadet Division and Andrew Rogers , Writtle Combined Cadet Division, have both qualified for their Special Service Shields - in Peter's case it is his second.
VISUAL AIDS
On page 18 there is a 1ist of slides available covering St. John activities and in connection with the two most interesting articles by Miss Rose E. Baker on "The Care of the Older Citizen" published in the December and January issues, Divi sions might, when arranging a special evening on this subject, care to beg, borrow or steal the latest Camera Talks film strips "Keeping Well in Old Age."
2
The production was supervised by Dr. Victor Freennn and the Health Educational Officer for the Borough of Islington, K. M N. Robertson, L.M.R.S.H. , M.l.H.E
Miss Baker h as since written in regarding a correction for page 9, January issue, under the heading of " Treatment of Hypothermia," this should read "rectal temperature."
NEWS IN BRIEF
Warwickshire. The Coventry Centre's courses resulted in 108 candidates joining the Brigade in 1968 This would seem to be an unusually high average. Can you beat it?
Herts. It is a pleasure to report that the Commander for Hertfordshire , Mr. L. R. N Percy, who was ill at a meeting in Norwich earlier this month is maktng good progress. He retires this year after 16 years. His final dut y will be on May 17, when H.M The Queen Mother inspects Brigade units at the Hatfield Polytechnic.
Bucks. Dr. B. H. Burne, Chesham's M O.H. , in hi s annual report, paid tribute to the valuable service performed by the Brigade particularly in the Medical Comforts loan field.
Durham. Mr. Gilbert Smith, a member in South Shield s, had a surprise at Christmas when he was "p laying Santa and the Stork" at a premature birth.
Lanes. Cadet Leader Eileen Partridge received the award for "Cadet of the Year" from the Chairman of the Whitwort h Council, Councillor Mrs . Tierney. Eileen i a sp inner at th e local mill.
London District. In recent years an increasing number of our young members have qualified for executive positionsand what a splendid job they have made of it. One of th e most recent to join them is Mr. Philip Wray , Ilford Ambulance Division, who, at 29 has become their Superintendent. He took over from Mr George Everitt wh o retired from the Brigade after 43 year service Philip joined when he was 17.
Northamptonshire seem to come up with a number of unusual stories, and reading the " Review " may mark you as a First Aider - so be warned. Recently a young Brigade Officer was travelling north from St. Pancras and whiled away the time reading his copy of the " Review. " He then put it down on the table and turned his mind to other matters His mood of contemplation was interrupted by a voice saying " Is this yours?" It was another passenger wh o had seen the magazine. Our reader admitted that th e "Review" belonged to him. "So you mu st be an ambulance man ," said the enquirer. Our reader had to admit that he was. "T here is a man ill in the next coach, you had better go and have a look at him ." So, of course, our reader, wh o is an officer in St. John, went to see what was wrong. Found that the man was having some kind of fit, treated him and the casualty was s ufficiently recovered to continue to hi s destination
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
At the la st " Review" Management Board Meeting , the probJem (secretarial and financial) of acknowledging articles and pictures submitted to the " Review " was thoroughly discussed and the following form was approved , provided that an S . E.A. was enclosed. " J acknowJed.ge, with thanks, the article you have so kindly sent for inclU SIOn in the St. John " Review. " While I am most grateful for suggested material, I am sure you will unders tand th at pJans for each month' s publication have to be made well in advance, and it is not possible, therefore, to give an) guarantee as to publication or return of material. article will be read with interest and given every conSider· ation."
FUND RAISING
Sale of Postage Stamps. Mr Roy Mills, 72, Benfield Wa y, Port s lade-by-Sea, BN4 2DL, Sussex (Tel. Brighton 46471 ),
will buy your used s tamp s. Prices s ubject to arrangement, but as a guide, range from I s. per J ,000 u sed 4d ., up to 3s. 6d. per 100 for specia l iss ues. PLEASE NOTE that the s tamps must be soaked off the and se nt in of 500-1 ,000, according to the Illdlvldual agreement With Mr. Mills.
FIRST AID AND NURSING THROUGH THE AGES
It is proposed to set up a s mall display at Headquarters, s howing the development of techniques th:ough th e ages. Readers are asked to look throu gh the archives - personal and official, for s uitable photographs and eq uipm ent. PLEASE DO NOT SEND - but give detail s of what is available to : The Chief Secretary St. John Ambulance H .Q., I , Gro svenor Crescent, London , S W I.
PLASTIFOL
PLASTIC WOUND REPLICAS offer outstanding opportunities in visual First Aid tr ainingopportunities for practical instruction in treating an injury, so that students are emotionally prepared to deal with emergencies Begin now to build up a complete range for your team. Send 1/ 6d. in stamps for a colour booklet giving details of all wounds available.
BROWNING'S LTD., Dept J. 69 Aberdeen Street, Hull, Yorkshire.
KEEPING WELL IN OLD AGE A n ew film-strip by Camera Talks. FIIlll ec tllr e r s not e s are provid e d and this strip, in two parts , is d e sig ned to publicise th e faciliti e s which ar e availabl e to the c iti ze n as well as to guide thos e co n ce rn e d (th e individllal and th e I olllntary h e lper) of th e m e ans to guard against th e disabilities of getting-IloyO lln ge r. On e of th e most important things is to k ee p on aile's f ee t alld th e n ecessit y of allention to f ee t and I'ari cose veills are particularly stressed. Mor e pictures, sOllrce of sllpply alld costs in the April isslle.
Problems disappear on the
Complan course
The elderly have a lot of problems. Often they get dispirited, feel drained of energy and can't be bothered with food. Why should they , when their teeth and digestion are poor, their app etite s non-existent? Tea and soft toast fills them up But it's not nourishment, and they become too tired, too depressed to face their problems. Complan the vicious circle. Complan gives the elderly complete nourishment, in less time , with less effort, than it takes to make tea. A daily cup of Complan enr iches inadequate diets without upsetting delicate digestions. Well - nourished on Complan , faces lighten, st e ps are sp righ tly, and problems don't seem quit e so bad.
Pr esentation: 1 Ib cartons
Complan is a Glaxo trade mark
literature available on request
CALLING ALL CADETS
Reprinted
by courtesy
of THE CALL OF ST. JOHN, Priory for South Africa
TEMPTING FATE
Have you thought of the many unnecessary risks you take daily-how you take chances , stupidly? You get away with it! Ha, but what about those who don t get away with it? Too late then for regrets. There is something in our natures like a gambling instinct coupled with a spirit of adventure. The young are more prone to fall victims to this impulse, it is only with the advance of years and wisdom that we summon caution to our aid when such temptations knock at the door. Accidents can always occur but why do young people (and sometimes older people who ought to know better) make themselves more vulnerable to accidents-by tempting fate?
Many of you cadets will have read in the newspapers recently about the eight youngsters who went exploring in a city stormwater drain and who narrowly missed death. To go exploring in such a place even in fair weather is taking a chance, what with the risk of contracting disease or encountering poisonous insects or snakes, but how much more foolish when a thunderstorm is approaching In South Africa, particularly on the highveld, rivers often come down in spate suddenly when there is an isolated thunder shower in the catchment area. Sir Percy Fitzpatrick describes such an occurrence vividly in the opening chapters of " Jock of the Bushveld". " At sunset, passing down the long, rough gorge, he carne upon one battling with the flood to save his all-the white man struggling with the frightened beasts, the kaffir swept from his feet; the mad bewildered oxen yielding to the storm and heading downwards towards the falls "
These eight youngsters, ranging in age from thirteen to sixteen years , did not know what hit them when suddenly a wall of water engulfed them and swept them off their feet over a mile along a dark tunnel. Had there been any blockage of drift-wood or sand in that tunnel, they would all have been trapped and drowned. Fortunately for them some passing Africans were at hand when they floundered out of the tunnel into a spruit, to haul them out before the stream cascaded down a rocky waterfall. All youngsters should read the account of this freak accident. It will make them think twice before exploring stormwater drains
Another case comes to my mind of a young girl tempting fate, but this ended in her death. How many times have you tried to retrieve a ball from a roof of a house? I know I often climbed on to the roof of my 4
house as a boy, to get a ball lodged in the gutterin! when it had been hit for a six from the improvi se! backyard cricket-pitch Electric wires with worn insu! ation may be within holding distance of any youngste crawling over a roof-top . This is no place for you. Apar from the risk of taking a false step and falling to you death , you might accidently grasp a live electric win with fatal results This is what happened to the litt tomboy girl I knew.
I don t have to tell you what the result was of escapade of a dozen children at a birthday party on afternoon when they poked a stick into a beehive Qu il a few landed in hospital suffering from extensive bee stings. There were no fatal cases, fortunately, but con sidering that one bee-sting could be fatal, those childre' were just lucky It was like playing a game of Ru ssi <r Roulette or playing with dynamite
Talking of explosives , do you remember wha happened last Guy Fawkes night? A boy lost an eye, store was set on fire and a woman's clothing caugn alight-all as a result of firecrackers being ignited an, thrown at unsuspecting victims. These are da ngerou "toys" and should be used with care, otherwise phewsomething else gone up in smoke.
If you don't do your homework you can expect caning at school-or perhaps that is not allowed todal It was in the days of my youth. Well, you will gt detention or some other form of punishment. Serves YOi right. If you smoke a pipe and get violentl y ill, yo, could have expected that. Serves you right. Wh y temp fate? You laugh? Well perhaps these are not ver serious breaches in the game of taking chance. Bu t would ask you to check that there is a fence arou n that swimming pool in your garden; that the brakes Q your cycle are in good order ; that poisonous substance are kept out of the way of young children; that the be connection in the electric kettle , or electric iron 0 toaster is attended to immediately. And how about doi n some revision in first aid-checking up on your fi n aid book to see if you still remember what to do fo electric shock, bee-stings, poisons , etc., just to be on safe side. After all why tempt fate by not knowing wh to do in an emergency, through sheer laziness
J. I. DE KOK , Assistant Commissione
THE CHANGING SCENE
LT.-GEN. SIR ALEXANDER DRUMMOND, K.B.E., C.B., LL.D., F.R.C.S., D.L.O.
Lt.-General Sir Alexander Drummond was appointed Deputy Director-General , St. John Ambulance Associati?n, in May 1961. As Director-General Army Medical he gave great help to St. John in many ways, espeCially overseas.
The Association owes him a great debt for the splendid done. Besides being responsible for the pubhcatlOn III 1965 of the second edition of the Authorised First Aid Manual, in conjunction with the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association and the British Red Cross Society, he gave up much of his time to resuscitation. His patient study of the many problems connected .wi.th and First Aid Manual , provided the AssociatlOn With a WIde range of contacts in this field of medicine.
The success of the Symposium on Resuscitation held ?-t the . of Surgeons in September 1968, III c?nJunctlOn With the World Congress of Anaesthesiologlsts, showed the high esteem in which he and his work were held by eminent members of the medical profession both here and overseas The fact that the speakers included representatives from Russia , the U S.A. and Scandinavi.a , as well as other countries, indicates how through hIm the name of the St. John Ambulance
Lt.-GC'nC'ral Sir AIC'xander Drummond Association has been brought before authorities whose respect we greatly value.
J. E. F. GUERITZ AS SECRETARY OF THE ASSOCIATION BRANCH OF THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE
John Gueritz, who has been Secretary of the AssoclatlOn Branch of the St. John Ambulance since 1953 and a member of the St. John Ambulance since 1952, retired on February 28, 1969.
.Colonel Gueritz has been responsible for relations With .Government Departments , Nationalised Industries, a nd and commerce, as well as a number of othe,r natl?nal bodies and voluntary societies, in conWIth the teaching of first aid which is the pnmary work of the Association. His duties have also the publication of first aid manual and the drafting of first aid regulations and the communication of. the Association's work to the general public both in thIS country and overseas
B Colonel Guer.i tz, a former Member of the Richmond C a Member of the Richmond Christian f ouncll, Chalfman of Friends of Richmond Park , ounded III 1961 , and a Trustee of Richmond Parish rands, in in the army between 1934 and 947 III Political Service He held appointIII and as a and Civil ge. Retlr!ng In J 917 on the partitioning of India Iserved WIth the Bntish Council from 1947 to 1951 In raq and Persia
C?lonel Gueritz has travelled extensively during his on the Continent , Middle and Far East, including fJourney by car to Teheran and back He is a member S .the, Central Asian Society (awarded the ?C;tt y S prIze for the Persian Lecture for 1951) Fellow tJ le BR.oyal Ge?graphical Society and Hon S'ecretary le ntIsh In tltute of Persian Studies.
Miss Muriel Watson's resignation as from the end of 1968 was briefly reported in the January issue of the "Review," and the following outline of her invaluable service will be of interest to her many Brigade friends throughout the country.
the years of her membership , Miss Watson served lfl a varIety of appointments. In the early years she worked as a Nursing Member in the Westminster Nursing Division; in 1938 she became a Staff Officer to the (then Lady Perrott), and contlllued as such untIl, III 1947 , she went to India as P.A. to Lady Mountbatten during Lord Mountbatten's term of office as V iceroy
Continued on Pag e 12
mums. . . and dads ...
by Area Staff Officer (Training
TWHII T /S
EP/lEPSY 1
By courtesy 0/ the B.E.A.
and Recruiting)
HE 1939-45 war years were a period when everyone felt the urge to respond to the call for service, and during those vital years the membership of the Brigade naturally increased considerably.
Regrettably , the last 20-25 years have seen a general apathy and lethargic disinterestedness devel?p amongst people of all classes towards voluntary serVIce.
Whilst thousands annually quaHfy for First Aid and Nursing Cel'tificates, the fact is, that few today seem to value an opportunity of engaging in public volunt31'y sel"Vice, and of joining the Brigade.
One cannot help wondering therefore as to the motive which prompts so many to train and take an examination to prove their knowledge and efficiency, and then stop there.
Is their attendance at classes prompted by a Factory Act requirement necessitating films having first aiders on their pay-roll? Or is it because attendance at such classes is sponsored by industry and therefore the hours so spent rate for pay? Or is it because they feel a general realisation and desirability of having such a knowledge in case of emergency either at home or at work?
Whatever the reason, the fact remains that the general attitude today is certainly one of NOT doing "anything for nothing" and of not becoming involved in anything unless it is of personal benefit to the one concerned. So, how can we combat the present lethargy towards the Brigade?
Many divisions of the Brigade in the Midlands have for some years been struggling for numerical existence.
Typical of this struggle-for-survival are the Yardley Nursing and Yardley Ambulance Divi sions in the Birmingham Central Area. Three years ago, there were four and three members respectively in these two divisions, and their superintendents, Miss Greenhalf and Mr. Chandler, realised that something had GOT to be done if the units were to continue.
Further embarrassment arose for the Nursing Di vision when the rent of their drill hall rose to 17s 6d. per week, a figure completely uneconomic for four members!
Providentiall y at this time, Mr. Chandler obtained a new meeting hall for his division, and he invited the nurses to share the del ightful and spacious accommodation of their new hall-an offer gladly and thankfully accepted, and which has proved a most wonderful arrangemen t.
All this now gave a new stimulus of thought, resulting in these two divisions evolving their own recruiting plan. Neither division had a Divisional Surgeon on their strength, so a local practitioner (Dr. G. H. Jeavons, M.B., Ch.B., M .R.C.S .) was approached, and his interest and help enlisted in their difficulties. As a result, Dr . Jea vo n s very kindly offered to conduct a series of first aid lectures.
Now came the REAL hard work for the divisions. They printed a small but extremely interesting and attractive little poster announcing their project, and sent copies with a covering letter to every works, factory, office, public house , club and shop in the area, requesting that the poster be prominently di splaye d.
The opening night saw well over 40 interested people commence the course. Throughout the series, the members of the divisions not only helped to instruct those attending the class , but they went to great lengths to make personal friends of all present; with the result that at the close of the course, EIGHT new members were enrolled in the Nursing Division.
AFFAm
The following winter the divisions "rested " from public recruiting, in order to consolidate their position 6
B. THOMPSON
and build up the new members in their ranks. But, las winter a combined divisional repeat programme Wa' again launched. Thi time the emphasis was on thl family aspect-
"Husbands-bring your wives."
"Chaps-bring your girl friends."
"Ladies-share your pastime WITH yOU! husbands."
"Girls-bring the boys!"
Again, over 40 people enlisted in the course. One" more promoting personal friendship, along with the divisions were able to see a further five nUrsI n! members and three ambulance members join the Brigadt Wonderful work!-BUT, the fascinating feature thi last re ult is that two couples of husband and Wi ll joined their re pective divisions, and now, each Wedne) da y evening, enjoy a night out "together" their re) pective divisional meetings. Another stimulatmg featu ft is the fact that these new recruits have a lread y begU! seeking other possible new members to bring along It divisional meetings. , I visited these two divisions recently on the occa 101 of their Annual Inspection Seldom have I had th plea ure of meeting a more friendly family spirit in A ') division, and you would certainly have to go a very lon, way indeed to find a more interested, alive group 0 first aiders and nurses. I congratulate all ranks of lh two divisions concerned upon their refreshing and successes, and wish them every prosperity in lh future.
Why don't yo u run a FAMILY RECRUITI ( CAMPAIGN? - it certainly get results.
LINes
THE Scunthorpe Di visions of the St. John Brigade came through its biggest ever undertak Jn. with considerable success, as is shown by the report 0: their activities at the big International Woodcraft Fo camp held at Nonnanby Park, near Scunthorpe, for I d ays last July.
Cover required by the Divisions was for 12 hours eae' day , from 9 a.m. until 9 p.m., a total of 180 hours, an, the uggested minimum cover was two nurses and or ambulance member. This meant a total coverage of 54 hours, split into 67.5 of eight hours duration.
This called for cons1derable efTort on the part r members as it has been found that a member is able I, give on four hours a week to public duties.
In addition to the St. John Ambulance Brigade bers, each of the 19 villages comprising the camp had own first aider to deal with minor troubles
During the camp, divisional members dealt with total of 82 illness cases and 142 accidents. Of these, 1 needed hospital treatment and a further 46 were referrt to the doctor. During the first week Dr. R. Harr assumed overall charge, and another doctor for part p the second week.
Medical cases ranged from boils, sore throats, etc., impetigo , tonsillitis, mumps, chickenpox, scabies appendicitis.
Accident cases, apart from the usual minor incId enl included fractures of femur and wrist, snake, gnat horse bites, and quite a few wounds which reqUlft stitching.
(Conlil/lled al foal of facing page)
It is not generally recognised that epilepsy is sti ll very much with u s. There are at least a quarter of a million people in the country who have epilepsy in some form or other. Many more might do so if they were unfortunate in suffering from a brain injury or illness sufficient to cause epileptic fits. One might almost paraphrase " All men are equal but some are more equal than others" by saying "A ll men are epileptic but some are more epileptic than others." Nobody seems to know exactly what causes the electrical disturbance in the nerve cells of the brain which results in a seizure or fit. Head injuries in accidents, with consequent brain damage, are a frequent cause of fits later in life ; high temperatures can lead to fits in young children; brain tumours can cause fits in older people. It is also possible for epileptic fits to develop suddenly and at any time for no apparent reason.
It is inaccurate to talk of "Epilepsy."
Strictly speaking we should say "The Epilepsies," There are three main types: major epilepsy, often called grand mal; minor epilepsy (which includes petit mal); and psychomotor epilepsy.
Grand mal is the s udden dramatic seizure with a fall and convulsions which most people associate with the word epilepsy. In most cases very little needs to be done for the man (or woman) apart from moving him to a place of safety if he is in danger. Something soft can be put under the head, and the head turned on one si de. Do not force anything between the teeth- it is a greater calamity to have teeth damaged by well-meaning onlookers than to have a bitten tongue or lips! When consciousness returns (generally in a few minutes) the patient may be confused and may then be in need of reassurance and help. Many people with epilepsy carry an identification card or wear a Medic-Alert bracelet which is a help. There is very rarely any need to caB a doctor. A convulsion is not a danger to life . Some patients recover within a matter of minutes and are able to go on their way- some prefer a period of rest- very few need to be put mto ambulances and rushed off to hospital!
Petit mal very often goes unrecognised or is felt to be just a mannerism. There may be a rapid blinking of the eyes-a staring into space-which interrupts work or conversation momentarily. These episodes may occur frequently but nothing needs to be done.
Nothing needs to be done either for psychomotor epilepsy, which consists of a violent twitching of a limb or the whole side of the bod y. There is sometimes odd and irrational behaviour and the patient may be unable to speak during the attack.
Bearing in mind that there are a quarter of a million people suffering from epilepsy, it is surprising that one does not come across grand mal attacks more frequently. This is due to the very great advances that have been made in recent years in diagnosis and treatment. The first attack will generally be completely unheralded and can occur at almost any time of life in any person. The general practitioner will probably not have seen it and will have to rely on the patient's or the relatives' account of the episode. In most cases the G.P. will decide to get an E.E.G. (ElectroEncephaloGram) done. This machine can record the pattern of electrical activity in the brain and abnormal recordings would indicate some disturbance in the nerve cells.
Abnormalities in the E.E.G. are not of themselves an indication of epilepsy but coupled with the history of a fit or "attack" or "seizure" would be sufficient for the doctors to feel justified in calling it epilepsy. Treatment by modern drugs can then begin.
There are many drugs available, the best known being phenobarbitone, phenytoin, primidone and ethosuximide. The e drugs must be taken faithfully and regularly under strict medical supervisio n in order to "control" the attack which may s ub seq uently become fewer and les s evere and may eventually be so well controlled that they occur only at night. Three-quarters of people with epilepsy do get good control of their fits, and are able to live a more or less normal life in the community. The remainder achieve only partial control.
Experience at the canlp lends to suggestions for future camps of such a size. They recommend that a doctor/ should on call at all times. That early liaison With the Regional Hospital Board and local branch of the. B.M.A. be made so that medical cover may be more easIly arranged.
also be early approach to local fil"St aid DOlts, gtVlng the full details of cover considered necessary together with a request to them for ambulance cover.
7
We need not however be complacent about those who achieve good control. We should think rather of an affliction in which we have a one in five failure rate-in spite of all our modern techniques.
That is why research into epilepsy is taking first place in the category of needs of people with epilepsy. Kindness and sympathy alone are not enough. We need thousands of pounds for research. Why do fits occur at all ? Why do they occur when they do? Can inj uries at birth be prevented? Can epilepsy be diagno se d and treated in the new-born? Why is epilepsy still not acceptable to the general public? These and many other questions need to be answered.
In the meantime the British Epilepsy Association is going ahead with its programme of information and education so that people may know what epilepsy is. It is not a form of mental illness which automatically consigns the sufferer to the psychiatric ward of the nearest hospital. It is a sudden burst of electrical overactivity in some part or parts of the brain. At its worst it can be very damaging; at its best it is still an embarrassment, to say the least. But the people- the 250,000who have epilepsy are people like us with the same rights-particularly the right to be considered as human beings , though with a disability but then haven't we all some disability?
The main aims of the B .E. A. are to stimulate research; provide information and advice services; and run a wide programme of education.
RESEARCH FUND
An appeal for £100,000 has been launched this year to assist and stimulate st udy into the causes and treatment of epilepsy.
INFORMATION AND ADVICE
Pamphlets and other publications on a variety of subjects connected with epilepsy; we are also able to arrange for the hire of films. The Association's journal "The Candle" is published three times a year.
Member atten ding the camp all met with various problems, but found that the best method of solving them was by the application of common sense at all times.
A report was issued to the organisers of the camp, making suggestions as outlined above for their future reference, and laying down a scale of essential first aid requirements, and of equipment likely to be needed at the request of a camp medical officer.
"METEOR"
By Sgt. W. Ashcroft, Ware Ambulance Division, Hertfordshire
Radio Amateur Emergency Network and our Divi sion St. John Ambulance Brigade were unanimous "We want a combined exercise so that we can get used to working together." Just like that. I had arranged small exercises for the Division, so I was the man for the job. Perfectly logical, like deciding that the chap who killed the mouse would easily dispose of the elephant. So there I was, lumbered , without a clue as to where or how to start.
MAKING USE OF REAL LIFE SITUATION
"As big as a barn," was how the newspaper described the meteor which burned across the North American and Canadian sky. Good job it didn't land on earth. Suppose it came down at Hertford Heath, the whole village would be destroyed, and there would be devastation all round. Roads blocked and telephone wires down. This would be a job for the Radio Amateurs. The surrounding St. John Divisions, Hertford, Hoddesdon and Ware would have to search the whole countryside for survivors. The professional services would be fully occupied in the ruins of the village. I had been given the whole scheme on a plate, even the code name.
THE EXERCISE GETS GOING
From then on it became a team affair. A representatives' meeting altered and improved the idea. Commissioner J. R. N. Percey gave us his blessing. Haileybury College was approached with a request that we might use part of their grounds. They could not have been more helpful. They gave us the use of a wood which was just right for our purpose. Most of the 18 "casualties" were Ambulance or Nursing Cadets, but Casualties Union provided the most difficult injuries to fake and act. (On the day, the nurses called the doctor to one of these "just to make sure. ")
V.E.S.l offered their help. They get very little publicity but we do know something of their work and were delighted to accept their offer. We were afraid there would be very little for them to do, but in the event they proved invaluable.
PROBLEMS
Instructions were duplicated and distributed, some never reaching the people for whom they were intended. Maps were traced, duties allocated. Except for faking our quota of casualties my own work was ended and I was free to join in one of the squads. A week before the great day everything was ready. That was when the rain started.
8
SOUTH AFRICA
These affairs usually begin with everyone stand· ing by waiting for the word 'go'. This gives a neat start but has no resemblance to reality and therefore of Ii ttle val ue. I imagined men hearing of the disaster and hurrying to Headquarters to be sent off as soon as transport was available.
Meanwhile the ambulances would be got ready for a major incident, then be ready to go wherever the R.A.E.N .2 messages directed them. This would be a much more realistic start, and give the Incident Officer an ever-changing situation to deal with. Actually the start was even more confu sed. In addition to the odd misunderstanding and la st minute queries, a week's rain had turned the wood into a swamp. One ambulance had to be got ready after a long run on the wet roads just an hour before the exercise was due to start. It arrived a few minutes late in spotless condition. However, Supt. A. Sweeny, of Hertford Division , the Incident Officer, dealt with everything quickly and efficiently. Hai1eybury provided a better drained site consisting of about half a mile square of playing fields and open country and the start wa only 20 minutes late.
From then on things went urprisingly smoothly. Was more equipment wanted? A word to the man with the Walkie Talkie and it was sent on. Mor e help needed? Another radio message and V.E.S . appeared on the scene at once. The last "casualty" had been found, given first aid, carried across the fields and wa s being loaded into the ambulance exactly 50 minutes after R.A.E.N. gave the fir st call to start the proceedings.
EMERGENCY WARD X
We adjourned to Hertford's H.Q. which the nurses from the three Divisions had converted into a most impressive reception centre. The most serious cases were tucked up comfortably in bed in what looked like an almost fu11y equipped hospital ward.
Clean off the casualties' make-up, a very welcome cup of tea, and we were ready to listen to the reports and criticisms of the observers.
A brief but pointed discussion and "Exercise Meteor" was ended. We learnt a lot from our mistakes, we have much to argue about. I think we all enloyed it and there is already talk about another. But "County" must look elsewhere for observers next time. Stevenage Broadwater Division, who provided them for "Meteor," have eXpressed a wish to join in the next as first aiders.
EAST LONDON, SOUTH AFRICA, ANNUAL CONFERENCE. Pi cture shows the Superintendent-in-Chief. Mrs. J. S. Wa!!,er , wilh some of her senior officers at their 1968 Annual Confacllcc.
Z E A L A N D
' G SMILES. The 1968 wi nn ers of the Wachner Ros ebowl for NlIrs11lF? DIvIsions (left to right): Miss C. O'Brien, Mrs. M. Graham, Mrs. V. Campbell (Leader), alld Miss M. BrowlI. The Clip )Vas donaled by Mrs. Mabel Wochner, M.BE in 195' ill memory of h er husband who was a former ma)'or of lnl 'e rcargill, SOlltltlalld. The co mp etition was j ud ged by MISS K. M. Fraser. Head of the Tlltorial Department, Southland Hospital , Kell'. Nell' Zcaland.
Addington Studio
Delmar Studios
N o R T H E R N I R E L A N D
Belrast Tdcgr
M R. W. J MO R GAN, Stormont Minister of Health, presented fhe First A id trophies at the 1968 competitions in which St. John teams from both sides of the border com· peted. The Sir OUo Lund Trophy was won by the Dllblin team, rt/nners - up CorA., third, Dungannon a n d fourth, Belfast. In his address, Mr. Morgan praised the work of St. John Ambulance and particlllarly mentioned t h at in Northern Ireland alolle members had given 75,000 hours of I'olllntary service and treated over 2.800 casuallicl
DISASTER
DURHA M
COMMANDE R FO R DU RH AM, Dr. R . R u t h erford ope n ed the H ar tl epoo l H. Q. after inspect ill g t h e Divisioll A Iso i ll the pictllre is acting D i visiona l Officer Mr. Bria H ayes. The H.Q. was dedicated by DIS F. Cross, forme r Area Commissioner. Amo ll g t h e service awards which were presented after t h e ceremony, were to DIO. H. Smith, Sgt. J. Moore, AIM. W. E. Harrison a ll d AIM. T. H. Clarke, who, hetween them, have clocked liP 95 years service.
P.1 C.TU R E SHOWS A 1M Harold Clark dealing with a victim hand been watched by o n e of the obse l vers o Three fire engllles were on the scene then one was called alVay to a real fire. The P olice sellt eight cars.tc? t h e scene, having made sure that there were pallda cars in the city to cope with anv emerCom"!ellt fro.m Mr. T. Hope, Slipt. St. john: 10m Ollr of vIew it has been a tremendollsly he l pflll exerC ise. We hal'e heen ab l e to see jllst efficient we have and it has given ollr younger members all oPf ortlll7!ty of show ill g how to dea l w i t h s ll ch an i ll cident b t b e i.'lt e r.cs tin g to h ea r what th e r es ult s o f se r vers lDqUiry IIl to the op e ration we re as it w ould e h elp f ul to other unit s-w hat we nt r ig hi -w hat w e nt wro ng, and w hy."
"RAIL DISASTER" at
SEATON, CO. DURHAM
MEMBERS OF THE Hartlepool, Easington, Harden, Blackhall and Shotten Divisions, together with the Police and other emergency and rescue services, carried out a most sllccessful exercise in dealing with a "rail disaster." Picture shows Miss Elsie Kirkup treating a "casualty," Mrs. Beryl Nesbitt. The exercise was staged at a disused railway siding. Victims of the disaster were all members of the National Coal Board casualty simulation group.
West Hanlepool Mail
Nonhern Daily Mail
Ao-te-roa-the land of the "long white cloud"; this is how the great Maori chief and navigator Kupe described New Zealand when he discovered it early in the tenth century. Situated in the South Pacific, l.think, is one of the most beautiful and sceOiC countnes m the world.
I left England on a grey, rainy morning in September 1964 and set off to this country, which I knew very little about. After six weeks at sea we arrived, and I made my new home at Huntly, a town of just over five thousand people, situated in the Waikato District of the North Island. It was not long before 1 rejoined the Brigade, and began to make some very good friends. ..
Because New Zealand conSIsts mamly of rural communities the St. John Ambulance is not all that large, but in most' of the small towns there are thriving divisions, which own their own halls and ambulances. Approximately half of the ambulance service in New Zealand is run by the St. John Ambulance Association; and 1 think that this is the backbone of the organisation. Through the ambulance service, the "Zambucks" as they are known, have given a lot of service, and have won a lot of respect from the general public.
I can remember the first time I acted as attendant, and went out to my first road crash. I was feeling a little scared, but once we got to work the nervousness was soon gone, and it was through the ambulance service I learned some of my best lessons in first aid. Often during the weeker:-ds, especially on dark, rainy nights, the telephone wou ld .nn?, and at the other end of the line there would be the drIver s voice, asking if I would come out him to an or would I like to help transport a SIck person to hospItal. Besides the ambulance service the Brigade provides the usual coverage for sports, shows, etc., but is now looking for new ways to expand. Just before I left a "Flying Doctor" service was inaugurated m the WalkatoBay of Plenty an d are plans to a Squad" on a distnct baSIS, SImilar to the one m Australta, reported in the FebruarJ: "Review," 1968: During the latter penod of my stay III New Zealand I was made Cadet Officer, and later Superintendent and was elected Secretary of the local Association. It was through this that I began to move around the Waikato, going to and competitions, and each year there was the Labour Weekend training camp. The camp lasted for three days, and durin& we were lectured to by experts, took part in realIstIc exerCIses, and had some good fun and made many new friends.
It was with mixed feelings that I left New Zealand III January of last year and returned to my home in Swindon, Wiltshire. The town had changed a lot in my absence, but the Brigade was more or less the same, and it did not take long to get back into the old. routine.
I am still quite comparatively young mage, bemg ,only twenty-one, but my stay in New Zealand was one ?f my greatest experiences, and I say to any young people m the Brigade who want to seek adventure, see some of nature's greatest scenes or meet some of the world's friendliest people, go to New Zc:aiand, the land of the "long white cloud".
PETER LITTLE.
/lIDS FOR THE DIS/lBlED
Illustrated catalogue of simple aids to easier living for the disabled, published by the British Red Cross Society. '1 I "
These aids solve problems III many aspects of dal y Ivmg for those who are handicapped by a dIsability or by age. The booklet is priced at 4s. (plus postage) and obtalOable from:
Stores and Supply Department, British Red Cross Society, 14, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I. 12
The Changing Scene-cont. from page 5
On her return from India in 1949, Miss Watson wru appointed Director of the War. Disabled Help ment, which she ran most effiCIently at a very crUCi al period.
In 1960 , she returned to Brigade Headquarters Ie become Principal Administrative OfT:icer to thl Superintendent-in-Chief. It a .great to her th ai she was never able to serve 1Il thiS capacity under Lad\ Mountbatten because, a i well known , Lady Moun batten died during a tour of the Far East early th ai year. Since then , however , Miss Watson's .long experienct and outstanding knowledge have been hIghJy valued b\ Lady Brecknock, under whom she has serv.ed with un failing loyalty and efficiency up to her retirement.
Miss Watson ha endeared herself to all her colleagues not only at Headquarters. but thr<:>ughout the count q. and she will be sadly missed It IS, however, good Ie know that she will continue to help the Brigade in many ways.
She is succeeded by Mi s Sheila Puckle, M B.E. , T.D.
3 000 MILE "HELLO" , TO A "HELLO GIRL"
The St. John Ambulance Brigade unit 31 Coventry Post Office believe in keeping in tou d with their members- even when they are of miles away. Most of the Post Office Ambulan ce members attended their annual prize-giving a fe ll evenings ago and had a surpri e telephone reo union with Mrs, Margaret Kloosterman, bettel known to her Coventry friends as Margaret Sharp of Whitworth Avenue. Mrs. Kloosterman, whe now lives in Canada, wa one of the centre'l founder-members, and to keep her informed of the centre' progress Supt. V. Simpson arranged the telephone link, with amp lifi ers in the hall so th ai member could hear the conversation.
After a few initial crackles, the line cleared ana the awaiting group heard the introductions ana then heard Mrs. Kloosterman's voice, loud ana clear, say: "What a lovely surpr ise to hear fr oni you a ll. "
She told her friends that Canada was in the grip of a severe winter, with snow several feel deep around her home. "Defin itely not as and cosy in my home as it was in the exchange, she added.
She had several laughs with three of her friends, Mrs. Clarrie Bryan, Mrs. Eleanor Lee anC Mrs. Jennifer Frost, all Coven try "Hello, girls.' Mr Kloosterman said that there was tremendou' excitement in Canada about the centennial cel e· brations and the massive "Expo '67" World Fair
From the "Coventry Standard'
W. E. I. FORSYTHE-JAUCH, M.A., M.B., B.Chir.
Are Competitions of any use? would create an unfavourable impression upon the average doctor. F IRST Aid Competitions are frequently attacked as being unreliable . The incidents are real ones, the time limit results in and lOaccurate first aid, and it is extremely unlIkely that a trained team would all be present together at the site of a n accident.
All these objections are valid, but it is difficult to conceive a good alternative. It is also argued that a competition focu es attention upon a small group of people who may be good at competition work, but may do far less worthy service throughout the year than the other members of their divi ion. If all divi ions in an area, or even nationally, could be assessed on their service record throughout a year, prizes might be awarded for the sake of recognition of their work, equal in importance with those prizes awarded in the competitions. Thus there could be an equivaJent to a Cup Final and a League Champion hip.
However, competitions are here for the foreseeable future, and much can be said in their favour. Fir t Aid knowledge of many people is improved, and competitors are encouraged to re-read their manuals and pr a ctise their techniques. Thi is hown particularly in the oral question, in the individual tests, which are often answered word for word as they are printed in the manual. In itself this does not prove competence but it does show willingness and ability to learn. In team test first aid technique is also judged, but much depends upon leadership. To answer the objection that a team would never be together at an accident, the writer can quote one incident where it did happen. Having won an area championship his divisional team were first upon the scene of a crash in which a car had left the road and driven into a ditch. The driver had been blinded by smoke [rom a bonfire and had lost control. Both she and her front seat pa senger received minor injurie and were shocked. The team had some equipment with them and under the di.rection of the team leader gave the appropriate assistance. An unexpected bonu [or the team was that the next car to come along contained the se nior surgeon who had ju t judged the competition. Happily enough the team met this doctor again in a further competition when they won the championship of Kenya. It would be rea onable to imagine that he was disposed toward them during that competition, for he had made no adverse comments on the real life incident.
Although that sort of situation is not likely to happen often,. the team leadership training and organi ational expenence gained can be applied to real life. Any member of a team at the site of an incident should be ab le to assun:e the role of a leader delegating work to by tander , and Instructing them on the spot in fir t aid, traffic contro l, and sending [or further a istance.
General Preparations for a Competition
fr?m fir t aid, a team should consider many will influence the judges. Obviously, 1 in St. John teams and easy to Where Unt[orm is not worn, similarity of clothIng houl d be ought, 0 that the team look profes ional. Dal:k SUItS well pressed, re trained ties and ocks and give aI? air of efficiency. Per onal appearIS pa.rtlcularly Important. A scruITy, unkempt indIVidual With shaggy hair, dripping hair oil, and with long black fingernail, might not be penali ed, but he 13
All members of the team should wear watches with second hands. At a recent competition the WI'iter noted that in tlnee of the six teams the man who took the pul se of a casualty had no second hand on his wat.ch. As the judge knew the pulse not to be the regulatIOn "72" having taken it himself the team members were badly caught out. Each member the team should a notebook and pencils for wfltmg down observations and send ing messages. A torch should be carried by each man too. This is useful for looking at pupils, into ears and moutlls, and into cars if one is involved in the incident. At least one member of the team should have a powerful torch for signalling in the dark to wa.rn traffic and might well have a red pocket handkerchIef as well.
Pre-Competition Organisation
The team leader must be a thorough going expert in first aid. He must be able to correct mistakes of the other team members doing the test. The team leader should also be taught how to cope with the types of incident that are most likely to be found, paper exercises are not to be de pised. For example: An incident can be set as a problem by a member, a solution is given by the team leader followed by a discussion. In this way the div ision , team and leader, all are made to thiIl:k .o[ first aid situation and are encouraged to use theIr lOtelligence and ingenuity in seeking the answers. Opinions difIer as to how much actual first aid should be done during the test by the team leader.
There is a lot to be said for a team leader domg little if any actual first aid himself. He can then be available to act in an overseeing capacity, supervising, and checking the accuracy of the work of the team member. If thi concept of a "non-playing captain" is accepted then a team should train appropriately. However, it is a popular trick in a competition to render the team leader ineffective and another member must be trained to take over if necessary,
The allocation of other dutie should be arranged before the test. Firstly, one member is nominated the "r unner. " He should take the mes age to telephone for help, or if thel'e are bystanders write it down for him to deal with. The "runner" undertake other non-medical duties such as traffic and crowd control, fetching equipment, (retchel's and so on. The "runner" as well as the other team members are allocated pecial tasks before the competition.
Jn any team te t there are bound to be one or two severe injuries needing priority treatment such as cessation of re piration, uncon ciou nes, severe bleeding, extreme hock, to name but a few. It is worthwhile anticipating thi so that specially rehearsed members can get on with their allocated tasks with greater efficiency. Equally well it i worthwhile having the members killed as speciali ts [or those detail which win o many point in a competition; for example: the observations in an unconscious ca ualty, the levels of uncon ciou ne ,pupil size and reaction, pul e rate and trength, re piration rate and character. Similarly, the ign and ymptom of hock are always rich in points in a team te t and could be advantageou ly learnt by a leam expert. Such details are, of cour e, vital in real life as welI, and that is why they appear 0 frequently in competitions.
All these points noted should be written down by the teHm experts for it is the progression of ob ervations
in unconsciousness, bleeding and shock, which is so important in assessing the degree and type of injury and the surgical treatment which is to be undertaken upon anival in hospital.
The Team Test
It is a common failing in tests that the team rushes on and become so absorbed that casualties are treated in the wrong priorities or are sometimes even not discovered until later on.
The approach should be brisk and efficient, but the team leader should be allowed to survey the incident coolly first. He decides whether there is any imminent danger from traffic, falling masonry, explosion, electrocution, etc., and takes appropriate action. Then he briefly examines each patient to allocate priorities for treatment. It is wise to send a preliminary message early on for help, giving a verbal instruction to the team runner or a written one to a bystander. There should be no objection to the ambulance service being notified and instructed at the same time to inform the police, fire briga de, hospital and doctor as may be indicated. It must be specified for the benefit of hospital staff that the preliminary message will be followed by a definitive one detailing the precise nature of the casualties' injuries. It is to be remembered too that competition instructions often state that "... The ambulance and police will arrive ten minutes after being called for." Such additional pairs of hands can be useful in a team test and it is for this reason mainly that the services must be contacted early on. The runner will then collect equipment and stretchers and bring them back to the team.
Once the priorities for treatment have been decided upon and the casualties allocated, ordinary first aid starts. Frequently tricks are put into the test to make it more difficult and to throw the team off balance. This is fair in a competition of a high standard, and everything depends upon the team leader to meet the new challenge. Again, this is a good reason for the leader not to become too intimately involved in doing first aid. Recent tricks have been: a fresh casualty half-way through the test, the policeman fainting, and the team leader being injured in an explosion.
Common Faults
Common faults appear over and over again in the first aid in competitions and here are some of them.
It is fair to ask some questions of the judges, but it is not good enough to lightly brush the casualty's wrist and then ask: "What is the pulse?" The team member must take the pulse correctly for quarter-minute and then tell the judge what it actually is, for example: "80 beats per minute, a regular, strong beat," and then continue, "but doctor, in this situation I would expect a fast pulse, possibly of 120 per minute, a regular, but weak pulse," if the casualty is a case of shock due to haemorrhage.
Similarly, in the case of other observations, with breathing rates, levels of consciousness and pupil reactions in cases of head injury, the pupils must be examined with a torch before being described to the doctor as was the pulse. It is always well to write such observations down in a tabulated form at five minute intervals, and then hand the page to the doctor at the end of the test, explaining that were this a real life situation you would hand over your observation chart to the receiving doctor at the hospital.
EACH CASUALTY SHOULD BE EXAMINED TWICE BY THE TEAM LEADER.
The first time it should be a rapid "frisk" to place the patient in the right priority for treatment, but the second time it must be a thorough examination. Following this further examination an amended message is sent by telephone or in writing by hand of a bystander to the hospital. At this stage, cards should be made out and tied to each casualty. These can be ordinary luggage labels and will list the patient's name, address, diagnosis
and progress whilst under care of the Fir t Aid Party (for example, a weakening and speeding pulse in the ca e of internal bleeding), together with the time of injury. Here again it is worthwhile drawing the attentio n of the doctor to the labelling, as would be done upo n arrival of the patient in the casualty department o( a hospital.
The point need not be laboured that in a eni or competition the actual first aid must be impeccable.
It eems hard to believe that in a recent competiti on only one out of six teams treated a fractured tibia correctly and in accordance with the manual. Such elementary lapses are heavily penali ed by the judges. The team leader is responsible for checking and if need be, improving the first aid given. Every casualty be considered to be shocked and cared for appropnatel y. Unless there is good reason to the contrary, he should be treated lying down with the leg raised above the le vel of the heart and blood return headwards should be assisted by the casualty himself tensing his leg mu scl e or by the first aider mas aging hi legs
Similarly, every shocked person may lap e lOtO un· consciousness, which implie the coma position and good airway. A shocked unconscious man may ceaSl breathing or his heart may top and this must bc borne in mind. If the sequence "Injury- shock- unconscio us ness-breathing stops-heart stop ," is thought of wi tt all casualties, many points will be obtained in a co m petition and lives saved in real life.
A failing almost invariably noticed in competition and always looked for by the judges is the looseness 01 dressings, and splinting. A pressure dressing mu t appli pressure and should not drop off when the casualty lifted on to the stretcher. A fractured leg bandaged II the other must be firmly secured so that a 10Jl. ambulance journey does not loosen the knots. The Ican leader has a special responsibility to check this aspcC of first aid before arrival of the ambulance and stretcheo
Blanketing and stretcher drill is usually done well II competitions. Positioning of the ca ualty on the gives rise to some mistakes though. A shocked patle n does not recover just becau e he ha been put on tb stretcher and mu t be transported in the head dO lI po ition even though this may be difficult and 1001 odd. Abdominal injurie and chest lOJuries reqUi r special po itions which must be continued when on stretcher.
In transporting an unconsciou s man in the coma pas tion a common fault i to forget that the head mu' be bent backwards to maintain the airway.
Summary
Some details of importance in first aid competiti or have been described. However, this article i not intende to be an exhaustive account of how the test be taken but rather to emphasise those features wh l( are frequently incorrectly or incompletely covered t teams.
The main points of importance are: -
1. A HIGH DEGREE OF INDIVIDUA FIRST AID SKILL.
2. TRAINING AND PRACTICE FOR TH TEAM LEADER TO PREPARE HH FOR MORE LIKELY TYPES OF n CIDENTS.
3. PRE-COMPETITION TRAINING AS TEAM AND ALLOCA nON OF DUTn (who is to do what, and when, during t f test).
4. THE LEADER SUPERVISE HIS WORK WITH HIS THAN HIS HANDS.
MUST LEARN 'T TEAM AND 'T HEAD RATHE
If the application of these princi pIes doe not II the competition first time- there is always next year!
I STOOD outside the door of the Assistant Matron' office waiting for a reply to my nervous tap.
It was my first evening as a voluntary helper in one of the finest of London hospitals and, although I was the proud possessor of First Aid and Home Nursing Certificates, earned after a couple of six-weekly courses preceding the examinations, these were my only qualifications before undeliaking hospital duty.
An impeccably starched Assistant Matron received me graciously and showed me where to sign on at 6 and off at 9 p.m. each Wednesday evening . She then told me to follow her and led me to a men 's medical ward, which I later discovered housed patients suffering mostly from heart conditions.
Whilst she explained my presence to the Sister in charge of the ward, she left me to remove my coat and hat in the linen room This I did with a strange reluctance and with a sinking feeling that it might be many experiences later before I saw them
Then I stepped into the corand walked along to the ward , lookIng, I hoped, calm and efficient but aware that my pulse was racing and my legs were decidedly haky.
I needn't have worried. A harassed probationer immediately pounced on me " Good ," she said , "you must be the voluntary Help me with these beds, will you?" Before I had time to round I was plunged headlong Into the re-making of 23 beds. I al!D0st 1;>ecame giddy at the speed WIth whIch we worked [rom bed to bcd, whipping ofT the top clothes (but always, of course, leaving a blanket over the patient), placing these neatly the chair at the foot of the bed produced by the lightnIng speed of my partner smoothing and the bottom heet, shakmg up. pIllows and then, without pause, PUttlOg them all back again. By the time We reached the last two .beds I. was panting with the exertlOn, whIlst my energetic colleague already had her mind on the next "You do the locker round" she Instructed, "while I do the flowers and then you can help with suppers."
I had to a k her to explain the round . Rapidly she did so "Go Into the sluice, get a bowl and a damp clkth and a duster. Go to each locker ta k away any unwanted scraps- and e Sure they are unwanted- wipe It over and leave it tidy or else" she glared at me , "Sister wilI and don't run," she added, as I
By B. Iiing
to hurry out of the ward.
What a revolting name , I thought, "the sluice. " It reminded me of sinks, stenches and lavatories. The sight of it was not particularly reassuring either, for my eyes took in rows and row of bed-pans and urinals neatly arranged on shelves around the walls of this fairly small room. Two large sink faced me above which were other shelves containing empty flower va es. There was a cupboard which, on investigation , revealed the bowl I was looking for , enamel mugs for mouth washes and, higher up on another shelf, crockery marked " for infectious cases. " Armed with my materials I made my way back to the and the locker round, by which tIme I had begun to relax slightly and, apart from the stilI breathless feel ing of haste instilled by that first rush around the beds, I realised that all was well and began slowly to regain confidence
For the fir t time I came [ace to face with Sister. Small and lim she had an air of calm capability. She wasted no time with welcoming speeches, imply smiled, said "We need you here tonight, nurse ," and handed me a tray containing supper for Mr. Jones in bed No. 16. "You'll hav e to feed him for he s on 'complete re C." "Complete rest." I remembered reading about this. It meant that the patient not allowed to sit up , or eat by hImself, or in fact to do anything at all for himself. The supper round had begun . T went from one patient to another. "Complete rest" cases were given to me so that the rest of the suppers could be served by the other nur es without delay. r pent the next half up food and carefully feedIng It to the few very sick cases. Tbere was little to be heard from the patients. of th.em looked very 111 , but It wa gettmg late in the evening and they were probably all feeling tired. They weren t the only ones, I thought , rubbing one aching foot against the other.
Wi/h suppers only halfway /hrough, a sudden emergency arose. A heart case was being admitted immediately.
Si ter left her place by the food trolley and disappeared. The other enior nur e made hurriedly for the one empty bed in the ward, pulling the curtarns round it to prepare for the admission. My probationer friend whose name T discovered was Jane: and T were temporarily left in charge of the SUpper trolley and we served out the remainder of the sweets, and then collected the trays.
15
Sister returned. The senior nurse prepared her medicine trolley. Jane disappeared in the direction of the kitchen. I looked after her with longing eyes for by now she was my safety valve, the one person whom I didn't mind asking questions, but she didn't return and I suddenly found myself listening to Sister's instructions. "He's a very sick man, nurse, remember that, but I have no-one else available and he has to have a blanket bath. Help him to undress and make a list of each item in this little book." She handed me a blue exercise book and a pencil. "Put down every item you find amongst his belongings and then prepare and give him a blanket bath " She looked at me keenly. "You do know how to, I suppose?" she asked.
I nodded, my heart plunging down to my stomach. Not for a moment would I admit that I had never done such a thing, for I did know how toin theory. I longed desperately for the reappearance of my colleague but no amount of gazing in the direction of the kitchen produced her. She had vanished and I was alone Bowl , soap, water, towel, talcum pOWder, etc., all gathered together on a tray, I advanced towards the bed This was my opportumty to show what I could do I spoke to myself sternly. Unfortunately my patient had different views. He didn't want to be undressed or washed and, ill though he was , he fought like a maniac when I laid hands on him. However, I was detel"I!li.ned to win and gradually, explammg matters to him soothingly, I managed to get him undressed bit by bit and prepared for the blanket bath. I was obviously dealing with a very frightened person and thought perhaps fhis was his first time in hospital. Who could tell! I asked him but he was in no mood for small talk' and his answer was a string of expletives . By the end of his blanket bath we were both red faced from the effort. my determination to wash him and his to resist. In spite of cajolery, sympathy. reassurance and down-to-earth traight speaking, I could not enlist his co-operation. I thanked God for the seclusion of the curtains round hi bed and wondered miserably why I had had the misfortune to encounter such a difficult situation on this my very first hospital duty.
At last , feeling harassed and tired, I was able to hand over to an apologetic Sister.
(Continued on page 18)
NORFOLK
GOLDEN GIRLS. Miss Sheila Wylie, a former Nursing Cadet in the Sprowstoll Dil 'isioll (centre), now a member of the adult Division, recently received her DlIke of Edillbllrgh Gold Award. She took a wide variety of subjects from floral arrangement, cookery, hikillg. driving test to helping handicapped persons, the latter she is still undertaking.
Pn ss ASSOClali On
NORTHANTS
THRAPSTON GRA D PRIOR AWARDS. Last year the Commissioller for Northamptol1shire, Dr. W. l. A. Drake-Lee presellted the awards after all ellrolmellt ceremony (seven Amblllance alld ten Nursillg Cadets) to Malcolm Tebbutt, Caroline Tilley, Graham Farmer, Anne Dennison, Linda Zapp, Alan Tebbufl.
LINes
(Below)
Grantham Journal
YORKS
LETTER OF COMME DATJO
Mrs. Maureen Cooper, pictured wit/Z her children, is reading a lelfer of Commendation from the Commissioner-in-Chief for saving a drowning child while 017 holiday in German)' last year. Mrs. Cooper, a District Nurse and a member of the N.H.S.R., sLlccessfully applied mOll/hto-mouth artificial respiration.
GRAND PRIOR AWARDS. Three of the Epsom & Ewell Division gained their Grand Prior Badge!> in February. (left to right): Rosalind Plant, Helen William and Pamela Dawe. Rosalind and Helen are members of the 43rd Epsom Nursing Cadet Division and have also qualified for the Service Shield. Pamela, a former member of the same Division, has now joilled the adult Nursillg Division. South Croydon Advcnisl!r 16
CLASS F I RST AI D. Nursillg Cadet Hi/ary a Leffel' of Commendatioll for Sllccessjlll/y /?IVll1g mOllth-to-mouth resllscitatioll to a tWO-l'earold hoy who had fal/ell into a pool. The presentatio'n hy the for Lillcolllshire Captaill L WelbY-Everard. Plctllre shows: Captain WelbySuperilltelldent (N) Mrs. B. F. Hedges, IVlslollal Officer E. Tin/,/er al/d Hilary COl/l/ors.
17
DEVON
(Below)
FOUR YOU G ST. JOH AMBULA CE NURSI G CADETS who were awarded fhe Gralld Prior badge at the anllual prize-gil'in!? and ellrolmellt ceremony held at the Catholic Chllrch Hall, Brixham. With their new badges are (left to right): Shirley Richards (17). Sally Hanllelf (16), Madeleille Saxton (J 5) and lulie Edwards (14), at the St. John Ambulance Hall. Pelln Meadows. Brixham. Herald E."prcss
Cyril E. Diamond
sets of 3fobn's (!gate anb tbe tltiotp QCbutcb
MANY enquiries and requests have been made in recent years for up-to-date sets of coloured transparencies in tandard slide format to supplement general interest lectures and particularly for the instruction of cadets in the history of the Order. The speciali ed nature of the material, however, has not of recent years attracted the interest of the commercial producers who issue standard sets of slides on such hi tori cal centres as the Tower of London.
We are therefore glad to announce the release of five well-chosen ets which have been prepared by the Officer ijc London District Film Unit, S.J.A.B., who is al 0 a member of the Visual Aids Committee.
This has ensured that the material has been selected and the notes prepared with the requirements of our members very much in mind. For assistance in the work and particularly for the granting of facilities for photography and in the preparation of the notes, the producer is much indebted to the authorities at St. John's Gate, especially the Librarian's Department.
The sets have been chosen to provide for a basic introduction to both the Gate and the Church, and for more specialised material which depicts the wealth of interest of the contents for those who wish to progress beyond the basic ets. Each set comprises 12 lides as follows:
Set No. I-Introducing St. John's Gate and the Priory Church
SJGj 2 The Gatehouse, South side
SJGj12 Entrance to the Robing Room
SJGj16 The Chapter Hall
SJGj18 The Spanish Cabinet
SJGj26 The Chancery Fireplace
SJGj30 The Council Chamber
SJGj35 Lan din g window outside the Chancery
SJGj40 The Library Fireplace
SJPChj 1 The Church and Guard House
SJPChj 4 The Crypt Altar
SJPChj17 The Church Altar
SJPChj27 Docwra Memorial Gates
Set No.2-St. John's Gate
SJGj 2 The Gatehouse, South side
SJGj11 Vault of the Gatehouse
SJGj12 Entrance to the Robing Room
SJGj16 The Chapter Hall
SJGj18 The Spanish Cabinet
SJGj26 The Chancery Fireplace
SJG/30 The Council Chamber
SJGj32 Tobacco Jars on Carved Chest
SJG/35 Lan din g window outside the Chancery
SJG/40 The Library Fireplace
SJGj42 West Tower Stair, from the Museum
SJGj44 Armour and Chainmail
Set No.3-The Priory Church
SJPCh/ 1 The Church and Gatehouse
SJPCh/ 4 The Crypt Altar
SJPCh/ 9 The Alabaster Effigy
SJPCh/10 Memorial Plaques and Font
SJPCh/12 Window, St. John the Almoner
SJPCh/15 Looking through the Vestry
SJPCh/17 The Church Altar
SJPCh/19 The Triptych- closed
SJPCh/20 The Triptych-open
SJPCh/22 Banners on the North Wall
SJPChj27 Docwra Memorial Gates
SJPChj29 Canon in the Cloisters
Set No.4-Conversion of Set No.1 into Sets Nos, 2 and 3
SJG/11
SJGj32
SJG/42
SJG/44
SJPCh/ 9
SJPCh/10
SJPCh/12
SJPChj15
SJPCh/19
SJPCh/20
SJPChj22
SJPChj29
Vault of Gatehou e Tobacco Jars on Carved Che t West Tower Stairs, from the Museum
Armour and Chainmail
The Alabaster Effigy Memorial Plaques and Font Window, St. John the Almoner Looking through the Vestry Triptych - closed
Triptych- open Banners on the North Wall Canon in the Cloister
(Continued on page 31)
Voluntary Nurse - cont. from page 15
Gratefully 1 discovered 1 had only one more round to do before going home and that was the evening drinks. 1 hurried into the kitchen and could have flung my arms round the neck of Jane when 1 saw her familiar face peering over the top of a steaming jug of hot milk. "1 think this is hot enough now," she said, quite unperturbed. Together we collected on to the trolley cups and saucers, spoons and all the paraphernalia required. We pushed it from the kitchen to the ward and then from bed to bed, handing out Ovaltine, Horlicks, chocolate , hot milk as required. 1 had some appreciative "thank you's," some tired smiles, some cheetiul comments, and suddenly my heart lifted , weariness vanished and J realised how very wOIthwhile the whole evening had been.
INDUSTRIAL BURNS
by 1. S. CASON, F.R.C.S.
Consultant Surgeon, Burns Unit, Birmingham Accident Hospital
Reprinted by courtesy of the "Ambulance Bulletin"
About two-thirds of the burns we see in ho pital due to accidents in the home and only onethIrd due to those in industry. This may be a reflectIOn on the numerous Factory Acts which lay down the safety measures to be applied in industry as compared to the few Acts of Parliament which protect people in their homes.
However, in spite of legal measures, burning accidents in industry still happen and a large number are preventable.
The type. of ind ustrial burn varie from city to city accor?Ing to the various manufacturing proce ses taklllg place. For example in Birmingham (where there are a large number of foundries) the commonest ind ustrial burn is due to molten metal.
. types of industrial burn may be c1a sified Into eight large groups.
l. Molten Metal: The commonest injury is where some molten metal splashes on to the reaion of the foot, trickle down in ide the boot, band a deep burn on the foot. This may prevent the caster or moulder from workin a for months, according to it size, and b even small burns may result in incapacity for three months.
.2. H(!t molten materials: Hot tar, bitumen, bltumastI.c and plastic have the capacity to adhere the Skill, and the time factor involved in removIng the material may sometimes result in a deep burn.
.3. Hot solid ohjects: Such as hot pipes hot b Pleces of metal, rivets, etc., may also produce 'deep urns.
4. Rxplosions: Due to inflammable liquids petrol) so.metimes produce the mo t xtenslye burns and thIS group contains the hiahe t mortahty figure b
5d Hot fluids and steam: May also P f ro uce extensIve cald with a hiah mortality As or exam 1 lb' I· 'd pew len a man fall into a vat of hot IqUl
6. Chemical burns: exposed to dangerou When the worker is chemical he may suffer 19
burning injuries. The commonest types are due to acids (sulphuric) and alkalies (caustic soda). Some chemicals, a well as causing burning injuries, may be ab orbed through the kin or be inhaled and cause death from acute poi oning (e.g. Methyl Bromide). It is for these rea ons that the Fir t Aid treatment consists of immediate thorough washing off of the chemical with plenty of water.
7. Friction burns: Probably the smallest group and occurs where electric revolving polishers or mop are used
8: F-.lectrical bu,'?7s: The commonest type of patient IS the electnclan or electrical engineer. It i easy to say, "he should have known better," but of course he is more exposed (becau e of the nature of his job) to electrical dangers than the rest of the population. Electrical burns constitute about 9 per cent of the Industrial Burns admitted to hospital.
ELECTRICAL BURNS
Indu trial electric burn a far as the doctor is concerned may be cla ified into "Low Voltaae" "High Voltage," and electric "contact" electric "flash" burn
"Low Voltage" Burns
The common type i where burn have occurred the domestic main upply. The entry and eXit wound . are u ually mall in ize and can be very decei.ving in appearance. Although they are of small size they penetrate very deeply and not only destroy skill and fat but some of the deeper structures such a tendon, nerve, blood ve sels, bone and joint. A mall electric burn on a finger may re ult in amputation becau e the electric burn has damaged the blood upply and vessel to that particular finger.
"High Voltage" Burns
.occur on the main power line and electrIC raIlways of The "high voltage" burn are larger m lze than the low voltage. Commonly the current enters the hand and earths through the feet of the patient if he i standing at
the time . The exit wound can be many times larger than the entry. For example, severa l fingers may be destroyed on the hand which has touched the wire where the current enters the body but at the exit or earth, both feet and legs may be destroyed.
The resultant flash is also liable to set fire to the clothes of the patient and if thi occurs he may suffer from an extensive flame burn of the body as well. (e.g. 40 per cent of the area of the body may be burned). If the burn exceeds 15 per cent of the area of the body an intravenous transfusion of plasma for two days will be required to prevent burn "shock" from occurring. This i not the same type of shock as electric "shock." Electric "shock" is due to the effects of electricity on the heart and nervous ystem of the body stopping the heart and the breathing, whereas burn "shock" is due to the leak of pJa sma from damaged blood ves sels in the area of the body burned.
Another effect of electrical burn injury is to alter and release some of the muscle proteins into "myohaemoglobin" and this substance shows itself as a "muddy" coloured urine. This sub tance may also damage the kidneys and the patient may die from kidney failure.
"Contact and Electric Flash" Burns
As you may have gathered by now the "contact" electrical burn is a relatively small but deep burn, and the electric flash burn is much larger in size but less deep. The electric flash burn commonly affects the face, eyes and hands and arms, because these are usually not protected by clothing. Although the electric flash at its source may reach a very high temperature, it is only present for a fraction of a second and hence does not usually prod uce a very deep burn. The depth of a burn depends not only on the temperature of the thermal agent, but also the time of exposure to that agent. Electric flash burns therefore quite commonly heal spontaneously and only a third of them usually require a skin grafting operation. This is in strong contra t to the electric contact burn in which most (99 per cent) require some skin grafting operations.
TREATMENT
First Aid
The first-aider must make quite sure that the current is switched off before touching the patient, otherwise he is likely to become the next victim. If this is not possible the patient should be pushed ofT the offending electrical supply with some nonconducting device.
If the breathing has stopped but the heart is still beating, ar ti ficia l respiration is necessary after making sure that the airway is clear. This mu t be carried on until the patient arrives at hospital, when an attempt to restart normal heart rhythm
must be made and artificial respiration can be continued by the use of a respirator machine.
A steri le dressing sho uld be applied to wounds or if this is not available, freshly launderea linen. This will help to prevent further contamin· ation of the wound by dirt and bacteria.
HOSPITAL
Here, if neces ary, defibrillation should b( attempted and artificial respiration continued.
If the burn is larger than 15 per cent of the are, of the body, an intravenous plasma transfusion il se t up and this will continue for about two da y to prevent burn "shock" from occurring.
The burns will be dressed with some antisepti( or anti biotic cream in the ame way as any othe' burn.
J f the burn are deep, skin grafting operatiom and amputation of badly damaged limbs, may required.
After weeks of treatment, the patient may the have to pass through the stage of Rehabilitati on and sometimes training for another occupati or may be necessary in the more everely disabled
Finally, the more badly burned patients may dit from the many complication which can occur ir the course of the illne s. The larger the size of thl burned area and the older the patient the high t' the mortality rate.
Three Good Samaritans
One Tuesday afternoon in Wellington Place Belfast, there occurred an incident which shaull not go unreported. A woman collap ed; a youn; woman ran out of a nearby shop and, on findin; no pulse or breathing, began to apply "the ki of life" and cardiac rna sage.
A young man took over the mouth-to-mou t resuscitation. Another young woman arrived ani assisted with the cardiac massage. When thi cardiac ambulance came shortly afterwards thl woman's pulse and breathing had returned.
The two young women are apparently nurses. a the Royal Victoria Hospital, the second bell1: add ressed as "Si ter." The young man is a membe of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.
As someone unable to help the unfortun al woman I wish to express my very great admirati o ' for these three young people and commend the cool and efficient action, and in so doing ackno\\ ledge our great debt to bodies such as the St. JOhl Ambulance Brigade, and the nursing professi oc ADMIRER
Belfast 6.
20
First Class First Aid
MR. GEORGE E. MURES gave mouth-tomouth resuscitation to a victim of a road accident who appeared to be dead. The casualty later recovered in hospital. He undoubtedly owes his life to the prompt, skilled attention Mr. Mures was able to give. Mr. Mures is a Senior Clerk, D.M.O., Euston, Regional Ambulance Secretary, London Midland Region, Briti h Rail. The accident occurred at Wokingham Road, Earley, Berkshire, on ly a month after he had taken his first aid cert ificate .
MR. JOHN DEREK ELEY, Derby Transport Ambulance & Nursing Division, received a Letter of Commendation for uccessful1y giving artificial re piration to a drowning casualty.
LETTER OF COMMENDATION TO A DIVISION
The Commissioner-in-Chief awarded a Letter of Commendation to the Cheddar Ambulance Division (Somerset) in recognition of their outstandina work during the flood disaster in July. They performed 220 hours voluntary re cue duty under exceptIonally arduous conditions- their own H.Q. was flooded and their ambulance swept down the go rge. Area Commissioner D. Clark states: pivision not called out as a body to aSSIst, lO any case It would have been almost impossible to have assembled at any given point as many of the roads were impassable and telephones out of Under the conditions prevailing each man put hImself at the ervice of the community to be used where most needed."
J. SABELIS, Hudder field Central NUrSlO&, a Letter of Commendation for her actIOn lO restoring the breathina of a aassed casualty by applying artificial and cardiac mas. age. She also had the presence of mInd to ask for oxygen equipment when sending for the ambulance.
AMBULANCE MEMBER BRIAN ABBOIT
East Ham Ambulance Division. Brian was injured in an accident, chest and leg ,jUfl.es WIth,. of course, accompanying shock. S of thiS he treated hI companion (both are Scouts) an? in total darkness he applied . ald. Later hiS companion had to underao but ha made a good recove;y. t hout. the lOstant and efficient attention thi s ory m1ght not have had a happy ending.
G NURSING CADET HILARY CONNORS
rantham Nursing C d D'" , mOllth- IVlSIon. Hilary gave year_o lJobmouth resuscitation successful ly to a twoaa d oy had fallen into a pool in the b r en of a nelghb Tl h' our. le c Ild wa apparently 21
not breathing when Hilary arrived on the scene but after five minutes treatment he started breathe and made a complete recovery in hospital. As the Commissioner-in-Chief said in the Letter of Commendation, her action w.ill serve a an inspiration to all cadets in Grantham.
AMBULANCE MEMBER H. CO OPE, Belper Ambulance & Nursing Division. Mr. Coope works at. the Parkray Foundry and was called to cope With a colleague who was trapped in a machine. With the help of others he managed to free the casualty and then controlled the bleeding and treated the fractured legs. Again the ca ualty made a good recovery in hospital.
AMBULANCE MEMBER W. E. HOLMES
Stanton Ambulance Division. Mr. Holmes wa' returning from the South Area, Derbyshire AnIn when he came upon a' road aCCident lllv01vmg six casualties some of them seriously injured. The Superintendent of the Long Eaton Ambulance Service informed the Divisional Superintendent, Mr. W. H. Sheldon of the efficient treatment that the casual tie ' received.
There must be many case of our colleaaues saving live about which nothing is heard- a salute to those which are reported and the "unung" heroe and heroines .
Fun in First Aid
Overheard at the competitions
Lady to man playing Caretaker: "Do you know anything about Fir. t Aid?" Man: "No."
Lady: "Well - now's your chance to learn- take hold of thi . ."
... and of course you've heard the tory of the fellow who had an X-ray becau e he couldn't understand what hi , girl friend saw in him.
Scene: Operating Theatre- operation In gre,
Surgeon: "Clamp. nur , e."
Theatre Sister: "Si ter, doctor."
Surgeon: "Mister, sister."
By courtesy of "Ambulance Bufle/in" pro-
T
TRAINING OF VOLUNTARY WORKERS
HE good volunteer, like any other capab le worker, is prepared to accept the d iscipline of his job. He is not j u st an imp ul sive amateur, plunging into operation where and h ow and for so long as he pleases bu t, even if he work on his own, a responsib le sharer in a collective effort. Any other attit ud e would be frivolo u s at this stage of public service progress. The range of official work during recent years has immense ly widened. Outlook has gained in discernment, knowledge i n depth. Theory has entered exciting new territory; practice has absorbed innovation. Service education, endowed with infl uential institutions, has been set on a course which will profo un dly affect professional prospects, undenia bl y for the better.
The consequences of a ll this were bound to be felt within the allied rea lm of voluntary service. Indeed, with their capacity for pioneering, voluntary bodies could be expected to be reasonably accessible to new ideas, even though these wo u ld modify established methods and expectations. This quality should display itself, for instance, in relation to the qua l ifications of voluntary workers. P ressure from such a sharply intensifying central area of interest in the local government fie ld as staff training was sure to affect the outlook in the vo l u n tary region. But here another factor, besides the need to keep voluntary work efTectively related to the deve lop ing services of t he loca l authorities, has played its part. That is the determination of forward- looking voluntary organisations to hold their footing as efficient and progressive forces in the complex and exacting world of the sixties. Clearly, local authorities themselves have a good deal to gain from the success of these efforts, which help to ensure that they have knowledgeable partners, with no links sagging b etween the two sides through apathy or alienation. T h is seems to be well understood. The National Old
People's Welfare Council was able in its latest annual repo to anno u nce an "encouraging response" to a letter urgir that more attention should be given by county and cou n borough councils to the training or voluntary workers. Out 54 replies, 19 authorities gave details of current train ir activities, 2 asked for further information with a view taking action, 19 were willing to co-operate if approached their old people's welfare committees, 9 told what they we proposing to do as a result of the letter and only 5 thou! action unnecessary. It was known that others who did n reply already had good training programmes or had ta k. action since receiving the letter.
The Natio n al Old People's Welfare Council itself has se' persuasive example. It appointed a field officer [or trainr (Mr. H E. Lobstein, now general secretary, Wandswor Counci l of Social Service) to help the training officer (M P. Forman) to expand service to areas where little cont, had been possible before. As a result, the existence variations which the national council in its No. I leallet training activities de cribes as " tarLling" has been d covered.
There are areas where great emphasi has been laid on \I organised training schemes, which are held regula r supported by a lively team spirit at all levels. By wa y contrast, there are places complacent ly indulging tn belief that "all is known and all i done" and study cour or information sessions are not wanted. There are, natural many gradations of response between these oncoming a' stuck-fast attitudes respectively. Perhaps the leaflet will h' to lever the last-mentioned groups out of their imm ob stance.
By courtesy of (f British Hospital Journal and Social Service Revie
HORSES
AND PONIES
IN CASE SOME R EADE R S have been inspired by the article in the J anuary issue of "Pony Trekking" here are a few points of the horse and, as recommended by the R .S.P.C.A., if you want to read rOllnd your subject the following hooks are suggested: " H orse Keepe rs' Encyclopedia" and "The R ig h t Way to Ride a H orse," hoth by W. H Walter, puhlisher Elliot; " JnstJ'1lct ions in Ponymastership," by GLenda Spooner, Museum P ress; "The Guide to Pony Club Tests," by ColoneL Sir J ohn Lees, Bt., Croshy Lockwood; and "Equitation," by H enry Wynmalen, "Country L i fe."
The R .S. P .C.A. have an excellen t leaf let on the esse n tia ls of rid ing a n d t h e care of h orses alld ponies. Address 105. J ermyn Street, London, W.l. 22
I WITH COOKS IN MIND I
= Recipes Irom the British Sugar Bureau
Coffee Meringue Layer Cake
This is easy-to-make but impressive party dessertlayers of lightly flavoured menngue with a coffee filling. The flavour and filling may be varied with orange, chocolate or buttersco tch.
8 tablespoons strong b lack coffee or 1 dessertspoon coffee powder with 8 tablespoons water.
Whisk. whites to a foam and add the cream of tartar.
Add. the Icmg sugar and caster sugar, a tablespoon at a time, well after each addition. Add the almond extract and spices and beat for a further 2 minutes.
From heavy paper, cut four eight inch circles, and on. a baklllg sheet or board. Divide the meringue n:llxture mto four parts and spread over the brown paper Circles.
Bake at 250 deg. (Reg. i-n [or H hours. Turn off the oven and leave mermgues to "dry." Cool before removing brown paper.
METH OD F illin g
h Beat the egg yolks and gradually sugar and flour t en add the .and cook over boIlmg water, stirring untll It thickens. Cool the mixture a little before b en,dmg m the butter. Spoon the warm mixture over each stack into Decorate the top with h ipped Cleam rosettes and chill m the refrigerator.
Cod (or Haddock)
ThIS IS a most economical dish , taking little time to prepare and o,nly half-an-hour to cook. We found it was delicious served .wlth Jerusalem artichokes and riced potatoes.
ApprOXimate cost for the fi h preparations: I 9d. per head. PREPARATION: 15 minutes.
FOR 6 PERSONS
Ingreclien ts: cod or haddock. fish stock or water.
200l0 ns 40z. butter.
I tablespoon breadcrumbs. 10z. capers.
2 salted Cucumbers (sliced).
2 bay leaves.
21b. pickled cabbage (red).
1 tablespoon tomato puree.
1 tablespoon vinegar. It tablespoons caster sugar salt and pepper to taste.
METH O D
Ga rni shi ng 4 s l iced olives. lemon (sliced). 2 sprigs dill (chopped). sour cream (optional).
leaves an? cook gently for 10 minutes. Cut the fish into small sectIOns and add to the saucepan with the cucumbers and salt and pepper. Cover with the stock and simme; m a covered pan for 15 minutes.
Butter a baking dish and put half the pickled cabbage on the Cover this with the fish and sauce. Lay the remamlng cabbage on top, sprinkle with breadcrumbs and sn:all knobs of butter. Bake in a moderate oven for 15 mmutes .and before serving, garnish with olives dill and lemon slrces. '
Spiced Bread and Butter Pudding
An. interesting variation on an old theme. Making the puddmg as we have suggested makes it lighter and more full of flavour. It costs approximately 10d. per head.
METH OD vanilla extract or I vanilla pod. i-teaspoon cinnamon. i -teaspoon salt. §-pint scalded milk. 1 lemon rind. 1 orange rind.
Trim off crusts and butter the slices of bread and cut in half. the .s!ices in a well-buttered dish, sprinkling each WIth ralsms, sugar and a little of the orange and lemon nnd.
Warm milk with the vanilla pod or essence, nutmeg cmnal!10n an9 salt. Separate the yolks and whisk them the milk. egg whites and fold them into the milk. mIxture over bread; sprinkle the remaining lalsms , orange and lemon nnd on top and bake in a moderate (375 or Reg. 4) for approximately 50 minutes or untrl the puddmg turns a golden brown.
Jerusalem Artichokes Velvet
Jerusalem ar.tichokes are now in season and at their We thmk that this unusual recipe will be a welcome to an otherwise simple meal. This di h co ts approxImately 10d. per head.
PREPARATION: 15 minutes. FOR 6 PERSONS
Ingred ien ts : 10 shallots.
I fIb. Jeru alem artichokes. water. milk.
loz. flour. caster sugar. bay leaf. chopped parsley.
10z. bu tter.
METH O D
the onion.s finely and saute lightly in 30z. butter. e sugar, vmegar, tomato puree, cabbage and bay 23
Peel a nd trim the onions. Wa h and peel the artichokes and cut mto mall of the same ize as the onions. Put the o nlOn artlch?kes, t a bay leaf, ugar, water and half mIlk WIth Mtle alt into a covered saucepan and IInmer for 20 mmutes. the butter. in another saucepan and add the flourofl the. heat. Stram <:>n half the liquid from the artichoke and bnng to the bOil: Add the remaining milk, re-season and co.ok for a mrnutes longer. the pour on the sauce and immer for 2 mmutes. Add a little chopped par ley before erving. (Colltil/lled 017 page 26)
IT is a definite requirement of Brigade Regulations that units embarking on the acquisition of property must have in hand funds sufficicnt, or very nearly so, to cover the purchase money.
Steps may be taken by a unit, or anyone acting fOl' it, to raise funds locally for this purpose but everyone subscribing to', or working for, this, must fully reaJise that the money so rai se d must only be deaa with for that stated purpose and strictly in accordance with Brigade Regulations.
Incidentally, the name given to this fund can be misleading if it fails to be dealt with at a future date, bearing in mind that the ultimate project could either be buying an existing building already suitable, buying a building and adapting it to suit requirements or acquiring a piece of land and erecting an entirely new building. Therefore " Building Fund, " '"New Building Fund" or " New Headquarters Fund" could convey a wrong impression to subscribers if a new building is not forthcoming but an old one is obtained.
A s imple name like "Headquarters Fund" covers every eventuality and does not leave anything open to question by subscribers, as has been known to be the case.
Having attained the desired financial status, decided on the property you hope to acquire, and asceliained that the vendor is willing to sell at a price within your scope, the next step which should be taken at the start is quite unofficial but will have an important bearing on your future action.
It is obvious that no-one would be lucky enough to get a ready made Ambulance Headquarters as such, so that your future occupation of the same must invoke a change of the pennilted use of the premises and/or development , which calls for approval by the Local Authority.
You have as yet no standing to make an official application but an unofficial approach to the right peoplc can be of immense value so that it is up to you to get to know your local officials and councillors and seek their help and guidance.
Far too often nowadays the Counci l's officers and the council members themselves are spoken of disparagingly as "Town Hall Bureaucrats " or " that stuck up lot at the council offices, " but this is far from being the case and you will find them only too willing to lend a sympathetic ear and give helpful advice, and never more so than when the words " S1. John" are embod ied in your requests With theh· co-opel'ation it can be possible and desirable to obtain "a pproval in principle" to your pl'Oject and thus clear away any doubts as to it being advantageous to pl·oceed. It could also afford the means of furnishing a report as to the value of the property by a qualified surveyor.
You arc now in a position to notify the Vendor that you are willing to proceed with the purchasc but, for reasons which will be apparent latcr, in any arrangements which you make, whether verbally Or in writing , it must be emphasised that it is "subject to formal contract."
Your next step is to apply through the proper channels to Brigade Headquarters for approval of the purchase, to instruct the Solicitors whom you wish to act for you, and to appoint a Committee of Management who will act on behalf of the unit in all dealings with the property. This latter must consist of not more than seven and not 24
=
Sless than fivc people intimately connccted with the work of the unit and the best rcsults are forthcoming if il consists of a judicious blend of members who are 01 some standing in the ncighbourhood, such as the Prc ident or Vice-President or certain honorary membe rs, coupled with active members of thc Divi ion or Divi siom who will be the chief user of the Headqu ar ters. You will receive from Headqu ar ters a Briga de Form BF jPI on which to make the application for official approval
BP Chemicals Ambulance and Nursing Division
The Division was inaugurated in 1938 with 21 members 13 of these had only gained their first-aid certificates that year. Four of the others were transferred from Hull Western Division, and one each from the Hull Central Eastern and De-La-Pole Divisions, with Dr. H. Marshall 'as Divisional Surgeon.
Of the founder members, only two are at the present time active members of th.e Pivision, the Divisional Surgeon, Dr. Marshall and the DlYIslOnal Superintendent, J. E. Simons.
The only other founder member still active in the service of St. John is Mr. G. M. Hinch, now on the East Riding County Staff. By ] 948 the membership was 29 which
increased to 57 by 1955. '
During the war years all the members of the Division also served in the Civil Defence on the Hom e Guard and their commitments to these services were very heavy. They were very often .on. duty all night, little rest before being back on shIft III the factory; shifts at that time were 7 days a week and not 5 as now.
Thc Solicitors will forthwith submit to the local Borough, Urban or Rural District Council as the ca e did not deter them from their St. John may be, and to the County Council, a que tionn airc on duties. t,?ok the Royal Life Saving Certifiofftcial forms known as "Searches" designcd to find OU cat.e artJ1Jclal respiratIOn and the promotion of circuwhether the property is aITectcd by any loc a l Governmcn l latlOn m 1942. Arter taking this examination, teams headed schemes either in being or contemplated in the forese e· by Dr. Marshall Journeyed to many parts of the East Riding able future. These include such things as Closing Orde rs, to demonstrate the technique to members of the Police Demolition Orders, Town Planning Schemes, Ro ad Force, Home Guard. Civil Defence Units and other organiWidening Schemes and, what are vcry much to the fore In May 1942 all the Officers and N.C.O.'s of the at the pre cnt time, Town Centre Development Schemes took the St. John Lay Instructors Certificate In rural arcas particularly, cnquirie are made a to exammatlOn. designated Public Footpaths, Ribbon Developmcni In 1943 the B.I.S. Cadet Division was founded and 15 boys Schemes and "Gree n Belt" area Of particular imparl· were enrolled at Hedon. ance, especially on new building e tates, is the questi on June 1945 saw the first competition work by the Division as to whether the roads are publ ic roads (i.e. taken over when a team captained by Sgt. S. Scott met a team from and maintained by the Local Authority) or, if not, whar Hull Docks Division. Although the Hull Docks took the Road Charges are still outstanding. laurels, our team was by no means discredited and gave These enquiries, though seemingly so mewhat irrele vanl a good of themselves. Since then the Division has in their extent and savouring of unnecessar y red tape. many Regional, County, Area and National Competiare, nevertheles , of tremendous importance , serving a! tlOn successes. they do to protect a purcha cr who could otherwise fin d I himself faccd with insurmountable problem after tht t .always been the ambition of certain members of purchase has been completed when it would be too latt the DIVISIOn. for Division to own its own ambulance. to do anything about it. Many ways were tned to obtain an ambulance without The Solicitors will have received from the Vendor·) fuccess. A Committee was formed to collect paper olicitors a draft Contract for approval upon which thel rom the .vanous site offices An old paper baler was bought will submit further question to those solicitor known and and Div!sional I!lembers baled the paper and as "Requisitions on Title " which deal with m atters like" sold It to the paper mills, h.opmg to raise enough money for to be di closed on the title deeds , sLlch as p arty walls an ambulance. Alas for theIr scheme which ended in smoke rights of way or joint u cr of drain s or scwers, ctc. when the shed holding so many and a lot of unbaled
Only when the c matter havc been satisfactorily deall paper caught fire and was destroyed. with and not until then will your Solicitor give the all 19Some of the money raised in this way, however was used in clear for thc matter to procced and, ubject to yo ur PF I f 6;4when model of Resusci-Ann was purchased at the cost and Management Committee being officially approved 0& ThIS model has been invaluable in training and ina formal Contract can bc entcred into. This Contracl. uctmg, not only Divisional members but electricians t b I d f I d mecha t· , no elOg an actua ocumenL 0 tiL e, oes not requlf( DICS, appren Ices and other factory personnel. sealing by the Ordcr or signing by all the Managcm en on the subject of resuscitation, one of the Committec, but can be igned by any member Or mem DIVlS bul bers authorised to do so. Normally a tcn pCI' cent depo sil Ion s am ance members, Mr. R. Newsome, is required to be paid on cxchange of contracLs. was the first person in Hull to use the mouth-toAccompanying the oillcial approval of the pu rch as1 Hmouth method on an old lady who was fished out of the when received will be a handbook of instruction 10 edon Haven. Although we had not at that time the pass on to the solicitors acting for the unit, whicn Imodel to practise on, we had only talked and had lOcludcs a copy of the Trust Decd of the Ordcr ana t also a specimen of the draft Conveyance. Tlus lattcl ec ores on this method, he performed however with must be close ly adhered to and any depaJ1ure therefro ll1 success and the old lady recovered. must first receive the a ppl'ova I of the Solicitors Later on we learned through I tt t t h N I fO'r the Orde.-. that a mouse taken from a a e er sen 0 e
The Deed of Conveyance (a draft of which is fiJi! mouth-to-mouth method was also rev lved With thiS submittcd to the vendor's solicitor) will nonnally coni' means of administration f ass $h ette used as a prise thrce difTerent parties , firstly , the vendor, secondh That we never found out IS Ime. 0 was t e performer? thc Grand Priory in the British Realm of the Mo In 1953 the '. Vencrable Order of the Hospital of S1. John of Jerusalem Coronation Itmos t outstandlOg event of was the which, for the sake of brevity, will bc termed througho U i eight of its an hono.ur for the DIVISIOn to have route. m elS on duty 10 London on the Coronation
(Continued on page 27)
25
E ast Riding contingent, of which they were a part, arnved 10 London at 4 a.m. on a cold, drizzling morning for d uty at the first aId post between Birdcage Walk and BucklOgham Road The part of the route they was 10 the front of the Albert Memorial and a fine place to view the parade and the comlOgs and gOlOgs at the Palace and would have been perfect had it not for the drenching rain which perSisted all the day , until about 4.30 p .m. in the evening. It was also an honour to have one Ambulance Officer and two N.C.O.'s at the Royal Review held in Hyde Park in of ] ?56. ThIS was a contrast to Coronation Day, With glOriOUS sunshlOe, and what a sight to see St. John Personnel froll: all the .Commonwealth and other parts of lme up 10 order, the Nursing Corps in the!r sparkllOg grey and whIte, the Ambulance Corps in sombre and white uniform and as a contrast the bnlllant scarlet lmings and silver facing and white crosses on the robes of the Superior Officers and the Chapter.
Mr. N. Dennis, President and Treasurer of the Division from 1938 to 1954 when he was transferred to London was in the King's Birthday Honours in 1947' and receIved the M.B.E. Mr. S. Scott, then one of the Ambulance Officers , received the B.E.M. in 1950. The Division can also count one Officer Brother and five Serving Brothers of the Order of St. John amongst its past and present members.
THE TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS OF DUTIES PUT IN BY THE DIVISION DURING ITS LIFE-TIME UNTIL THE OF 1968, WAS 35,143. number of dutIes above do not include the hundreds or should I say thousands, of hours put in during the war. in. all of first aid have been given to organtsatlons lOc1udmg Towns Women's Guild in all their Young Farmers Clubs, Conservative, Labour and Clubs , Teachers and Parents Associations, Women's InstItutes, Hull Telephone ,Department, Electricity Dept., and to Youth <,=lubs untformed organisations including BoX Scouts, Girl GUIdes, Brownie and Cub Packs, Boys' Bngade and Church Lads' Brigade Companies and also to hundreds of other children for their Duke of Edinburgh Award.
During its time the Divisional members have also attended 98,703 cases of accident and sudden illness this could be well over the 100,000 mark as records were so well kept at the beginning of its history. By the end of this year, past and n:embers have completed 1,052 years for St. John wlthm the DIvision, the present active members of the Division will account for 418 years of this total.
The factory have always given encouragement, help and assIstance to the Division and it members and of senior !Danagement have always held office of PreSident and VIce-President.
Until last it was an Ambulance Division , but now SIX young ladles have enrolled and we have now become a and Nursing Division, and our Factory NurslOg Sister has now been enrolled and she will look after the girls' interests.
the years, certain little incidents have arisen whIch have caused some amusement, like the time a first year member was taking his examination. He must have been something of a contortionist for when the doctor asked where his sternum was, he replied ''I'm sat on it " and the member when a ked "what is su n-stroke?" an we;ed "a rare tropical disease not often found in England."
I wonder also if members of the three teams returning from Scotland after winnin£ the Hague Trophy can remember what the then said after he had scalded his leg with hot coffee on the tram and not one member had a dressin o with him, was the air blue! e-
(Concluded on page 30)
ANGEL CHEESECAKE (6 Persons)
There are many recipes for cheesecake, but here is something completely different and, because of its many flavours, it is a recipe which should appeal to all the family.
PREPARATION: 15 minutes
BAKING TIME: 30 minutes (350 deg. F.)
Ingredients
Crust
6 oz. crushed digestive biscuit
1 oz. castor sugar
1 teaspoon ground all-spice
2 oz. melted butter
Cheese Filling
! tin pitted cherries
1 lb. cream cheese
2 eggs beaten
3 oz. vanilla sugar
2 egg whites
2 tablespoons sour cream
Method (Crust)
Combine all the ingredients well and line the bottom and sides of a 9-in. pie dish and leave to set.
Method (Filling)
Spread a layer of cherries on the bottom of the pie crust. Blend the cheese until soft; add vanilla sugar and beat for a while, then add the beaten eggs and continue beating until you have a smooth and creamy mixture. Pour into the pie crust and bake for 25 minutes at 350 deg. F. (Reg. 4). Blend the sour cream with 1 tablespoon of sugar and spread over the cheese layer (after it has been allowed to cool and set). Beat the egg whites and cover the sour cream. Turn the oven up to 475 deg. F. and cook for 3 to 5 minutes until golden. Leave to set before serving.
AUSTRIAN ROAST DUCK (4 Persons)
A young duck takes approximately Ii hours to roast and 2 hours or more for a duck of 2 Ibs. and over.
Although a duck normally cooks in its own fat, we find that a nob of butter inside the duck keeps it moist and gives it a better flavour. If the skin of the duck is rubbed all over with butter it helps to make it light, crispy and brown.
PREPARATION: 10 minutes
COOKING TIME: 1t to 2 hours depending on the size
Ingredients
1 duck
4 sweet apples
8 Iumps of sugar
1 gill of stock
Marjoram
12 cloves
Seasoning to taste
Method
Preheat the oven to 425 deg. F. (Reg. 7). Pet and core the apples and insert 2 lumps of sugar ir each apple and spike each apple with 3 cloves. Rub the duck well with salt, pepper and mar joram leaves and insert the 4 apples, leaving eae end of the duck open. Put the giblets and stocb the roasting pan then place the duck, back upward in the pan. Cook for 1§ to 2 hours, or until the due is tender, golden and crisp. Turn over once dur in the cooking.
HARICOT VERT ANDALOUSE
(Spiced Runner Beans)
This recipe has been devised to quell the ar guished cries of boredom which are often heard the seemingly endless appearance of bai le vegetables.
With the addition of a few herbs , spices an complementary vegetables we have given you a dii full of flavour and nourishment.
If fresh beans are not available, the frozen 1m beans are just as good.
Ingredients
1 lb . runner beans
t pt. water
1 bay leaf
1 small onion , peeled and sliced 1 clove garlic
! teaspoon grated nutmeg
1 lemon juice
1 dessertspoon tarragon vinegar
3 cloves
2 oz. butter
2 tablespoons sugar
1 tablespoon chopped parsley
Salt and pepper to taste
Method
Bring the water to boiling point in alar saucepan and add the sliced onions, salt, bay leaf, garlic clove and nutmeg Simmer gent for 10 minutes, and the add the beans . Co , gently for a further 10 minutes. (7 minutes frozen beans are used .)
Strain off the liquid and return it to the saucepa
Remove the garlic clove and bay leaf, puttin g I beans in a dish to keep warm.
Add the cloves, sugar and tarragon to the liqt and reduce to half the quantity. Remove the c1o1 and stir in the butter until melted
Add the beans and chopped parsley
Pour into a serving dish and serve at once.
Acquiring a Property (or St. John-cont. (rom page 24 as " the Order, " and thirdly , the members of the Committee of Management by their full names, addresses and qualifications, who also will in short be referred to as " the Committee of Management. " Although the propeI1y is to be conveyed to the Order the Committee of Management is joined i.n the. deed as they will provide and pay over the conSIderatIOn money but, more impOliant, to bInd them to carry out any covenant's restrictions and agreements disclosed in the deed as to the property and. to manage the property accordmg to Bngade Regul atIOns and as set out in the Trust Deed of the Order
Although not dealt with at length in the Conveyance the is enjoined to control the property WIth partIcular reference to Clauses 4 5 and 6 of the Trust Dee d. These , however, are not but only deal wlth the use of the buildings with the benefit. of the work of the Order in view, the taking and control of all mone ys received from etc, and the repair and insurance of the bUlldlllgS.
Th.e members of the Committee of Management will a ll SIgn Conveyance and have their respective signatures wItnessed, after which it is sent to Headquarters the Common of the Order to be affixed , this belllg normally done In the presence of a nd countersigned by the Chancellor and the Secretary General of the Order
(Conclud ed o n pa ge 30)
ST. JOHN REVIEW POSTAL SUBSCRIPTION FORM
To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John, 1 Grosvenor Crescent London S.W.1. "
Please supply / renew* St. John Review
commencing with the issue
I enclose 17/- for 1 year
Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John.
Name ' " 'iN' 'BLO'CK ' CAP'ITALS
Address
REVIEW CROSSWORD No. 3
Compiled by W. A. POller
B y courtesy of th e Sugar Bureau
Dom es tic Advisory Service
*Delete whichever is inapplicable
Solution to Crossword No. 2-69
Across: 2 Atti 5 Pl 11 Ch' t c ,' y onc; 9 , Dr-a-wl 10 Auricular' Sca.b ; ]4 , Latched ; 16', S;r-coma; ]8 : Ingenious' b 2EI , C<:tp-e; 23, Overrules ; 26 , Down"] , , 29, Sprue. 4, p.ract lce; 2, Anacr?tic ; 3, Tal-us ; abscess; 13 ,' B;an 6 1 , LIce ; 7 , .Rellc ; 8 , Cerebral 20 , Pleases' 22 t .' 24 eRe ! 17, Os -c lll a te ; 19 , Scotoma ; , , e, , Igor ; 25 , Snap 27
ACROSS
I .Do polling booths provide the best places for amputations?
8. R ace for a bit of land
9. Carrier of disease in the house
10 . Taste of acid .
11 The French article in a meadow.
12. Alter spores to produce complication of treatment of fractures
16. Although sleeping, he disturbs the ward
17 Short railway ends after lost aid for clean part of farm
19 Group of b,?ne with pin between points
20 Marnage With lad back after breaking rib
23 Between puberty and maturity.
27 Remove bed from burned ve sel.
28. Execute twice an old bird.
29. Face in severe shock.
30. May describe accident in which patient ha bled severely.
31. Loss of sensation di tal to a laceration suggests one may have been cut.
DOWN
1. Fever characteri ed by acute inflammation of throat and mouth
2 Two ratings on neglected teeth.
3. Entrails of Cornish river
4 Discharges in di turbed times
5. Result with sun obscured from ea t to east.
6. As normal saline is to blood plasma.
7. Pl ace for young children in N. urrey
12 Conjunctiviti
13 Bacteria dependent on 0)" gen for growth.
14 A urgeon ' s method of arresting arterial haemorrhage.
15 Transmit heat without conduction or convection
18. TIlness to throw into confusion
19 Use t-p an to raise body to erect position.
21. PromInence of femur, tibia or mandible.
22 Benign or malignant growt h
24. Sort of wound produced by a sword
25 Three for a n ae thetic
26 Cut a duct anatomically.
NEW STRETCHER
This illustration shows a stretcher adapted, by means of a removable footrest, for negotiating stairs. The adaptation was carried out by Mr. Tom Evans, Class Secretary, St. Mellons, Cardiff, whose idea it was, and has been approved by Dr. Hitchens, Medical Adviser, South Wales Electricity Board.
A blueprint of the s tretcher and footrest is available on application to the Editor, "Ambul· ance Bulletin," should any other Branch of th e E.S.A.C. wish to carry out this modification.
"Ambu lan ce Bulletill "
I WHAT CAUSES ARTERY DISEASE? I
Atherosclerosis is a disease causing degeneration of the arteries. There
are two main forms which it takes--either irregUlarities!
in the arteries or occlusions (blockages)
THE part played by dietary factors in diseases of the heart and arteries and in diabetes has been the subject of considerable recent controversy in medical and nutritional fields. Wide publicity has been given to views condemning carbohydrates in general and sugar in particular, even though the large body of expert opinion does not accept such unqualified assertions which have not been tested according to proper scientific standards. Of far mGre significance is the kind Gf research which Dr. K. J. Kingsbury has undertaken into. the causes Gf degeneratiGn Gf the arteries.
A paper by Dr. Kingsbury was published in the "Lancet" of December 24, 1966, under the somewhat formidable title "The relationship between glucose tolerance and atherosclerotic vascular disease."
This was based on some carefully planned experimental observations and the results have been analysed with considerable care in order to test their validity. While the discussion is unavoidably abstruse to the layman, there is much of interest and importance in the observations recorded.
ST. JOHN AMBULANCE
DISTILLERS COMPANY (Southern Area)
NATIONAL DOCK LABOUR BOARD AMBULANCE CENTRE
DOCK & HARBOUR AUTHORITIES ASSOCIATION
NATIONAL COAL BOARD
H. J. HEINZ CO. LTD. B.P CHEMICALS
MINISTRY OF TECHNOLOGY AMBULANCE CENTRE ARMY DEPARTMENT AMBULANCE CENTRE
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF YOUNG FARMERS' CLUBS
BRITISH RAILWAYS, LONDON TRANSPORT (RAILWAYS) & BRITISH TRANSPORT DOCKS
NATIONAL ROAD PASSENGER TRANSPORT AMBULANCE ASSOC.
GRAND PRIOR 'S TROPHY COMPETITIONS
Conway Hall, London, W .C. l
Queen Mary College, London, E.1
Norbreck Hydro, Blackpool
The Spa Rooms, Scarborough Kitt Green, Wigan Tavistock Rooms, London, W .C.2
E.I.D. Aquila, Bromley , Kent
Porchester Hall, London, W.2
Royal Show, Kenilworth
Queen Mary College, London, E t.
The Music Hall, Union Street, Aberdeen
Seymour Hall, London, W.l
AUTUMN COMPETITIONS-DATES AND PLACES NOT YET CONFIRMED
Sept/Oct. GAS INDUSTRY COMPETIT10NS, GENERAL POST OFFICE
The extent to which a patient is afflicted with atherosclerotic disease is difficult to measure except after death, an d dead patients are no use for biochemical studies. Dr. Kingsbury, therefore, conducted a series of pilotexperiments to ascertain the best means of assessing the degree of atherosclerosis in patients selected for subsequent study.
These painstaking initial experiments have been rewarding because Dr. Kingsbury has been able to. select a hGmGgeneGus grGup Gf patients fQr study. Havmg achieved this objective, his next enquiry was ascertain whether such patients' bodies behaved dIfferently from the norm al' in other words whether their biochemistry differed.
Dr. Kingsbury was able to classify his patients into three grades-slIght, moderate, or extensive--according to the degree of arterial disease, and also by the number of OCclUSIOns in the same arteries. In view of the controversy concerning the possible relationship ?etween carbohydrates an d arteriosclerotic di sease, he lllcluded a study of their glucose tolerances in the series of tests employed over an extended period. These glucose t<?leraI?-ce tests were the same as those used to study the dIabetIc state.
NO PROGNOSTICATIONS
The results of these tests are recorded and it is shown is a direct relationship the elevation ? t e b.I?od-glucose levels and the degree of arterial but not at all with the number of OCclUSIOns. For the present Dr Kingsbury has been to this relationship, although other d Wotr'l is bemg publIshed which examines it in more e al .
He dGes nOot venture to. make generalisatiGns o.r prGgnosticatio.ns since he regards this wGrk as establish29
ing a basis upo.n which other relatiGnships such as those between dietary factQrs and arterial disease can be assessed. This is very wise, and it WQuld be gGGd if Qther wo.rkers in this field fGIJGwed the same careful example.
It would, therefore, be unfair to Dr. Kingsbury to attempt to go much beyond his carefully worded summary except to say that it is clear from this work that the carbohydrate tolerance of patients deteriorates as their arterial disease progresses, and this only appears to happen in a partiCUlar group of patients. This could mean that individuals who are particularly prone to de velop arterial irregularities-but not those who tend to develop arterial occlusions-may have some defect in their carbohydrate metabolism. Alternatively, the deterioration in their carbohydrate metabolism may be an outcome of their disease .
NO COMMON FACTOR
The observation that the deterioration in carbohydrate tolerance is related only to the progression of the arterial irregularities and not to the incidence of acute occlusive disease is particularly interesting. These observations certainly do not lend any support to any hypotheses which propose a common factor for all types of atherosclerotic disease, such as the progno tications of Professor Yudkin in regard to sugar, or others in regard to fats. Indeed Dr. Kingsbury makes the point that:
"These re ults show that atherosclerosis in man is not a homogeneous disease biochemically, and that distinct disease / biochemical associations exist."
In Qther wGrds, Dr. Kingsbury rules Gut a CGmmo.n causative factQr in the develGpment, Gn the Qne hand, Gf arteriGsclerGtic disease and, Gn the Gther, Gf Gcclusive vascular disease.
Elsewhere in the paper he also pOses the interesting que tion:
,·It remains to be een if those patients whose tolerances decrease with age, and in whom extensive arterial irregularities tend to develop and who have a worse prognosis, are a distinct group of prediabetic patients whose glucose metabolism is progressively becoming more diabetic. "
It seems likely that his further investigations will be designed to provide an answer to this pertinent question. If the answer is in the affirmative then it could mean that in so far as atherosclerotic dis ease is concerned, a high sugar consumption is harmful only to those unfortunate individuals who have a pre-existing diabetic tendency.
One can look forward to the pro pect that these further contributions may introduce some sanity into this controversial subject and do much to clarify many aspect of arteria l and heart di ea e. • • 0
A c qu r ng a Prope r ty for St Jo h n - con t. f rom p a g e 27
All necessary formalities having been completed the title deeds of the property will be received in for the purchase money Nowadays .Order t hese d eeds to be kept locally by a Uillt wIth the perrmssion of the St. John Council for the County but they must of course be in the custody of either the Bank or the Solicitors w'here they can be readily accessible when they need to b e referred to (This, howev e r , in no way precludes the ceremonial handing. over of the t? a R epresentative of the Grapd Pnor at any DedIcation Ceremony in accordance WIth the prescrIbed procedure).
On takin g p ossess ion of the p rop e rty the Ma nagement Committee s hould i mm e di atel y m a k e a pplicati on t o the LocaJ Authori ty f or reli ef f r o m r a tes. Provided notice in writing is given to that Authority that the property is occu pie d by a charity and wholly or main l y used for c haritable purposes the amount .to be charged. sha!l not excee d one half the amount whlch would ordmanly be charge d However , by a further section of the Rating & Valuation Act 1961 a Rating Authority shall have power to reduce or remit the payment of rates ch a rgeable on such properties, This , of course, is at the discretion of the Authority and will depend to a large on use of the build ings, particularly regardmg outSIde lettings, so t hat the Committee of Management must exercise due care in deciding the question of hirings to outsi d e bo d ies.
The foregoing outlines the procedure to be gone through when a property is purchased, but it is substantially the same where a unit takes a lease of property for more than three years. For Lease or Tenancy Agreement for under that period the procedure is somewhat mo d ifie d
This article is written with the intention of acquainting the man in the street (i.e. the ordinary Ambulance or Nursing Member), in everyday terms , as to the formalities that are necessary , at the same time removing any d o u bts that matters were being unduly prolonged. It will also enab le him or her to be prepared to carry out their part expe d itiously if they are involved in any scheme, thereby considerably reducing the time taken to furnish particulars and hel ping to ensure that matters can, proceed smoothly to the satisfaction of all concerned.
Mr. Got c h , a m e mber of a w e ll-kn o wn St. J o hn family (h e and his broth e r, Mr. W. S L. Got c h , C o unt y P.R.O ., Northampton s hir e, now hav e a ce ntur y of se n 'ice b e twe e n th e m in S .J .A .B.) has just a c hi eve d a rath e r unique " doub l e "
H e has just comp l et ed fift y year s in th e Law with th e sam e firm of solicitors and is a Legal E xec uti ve (i. e . a Fellow of the I nstitut e of Legal E x e c uti ve s). Hi s firm has a c ted b o th for cli e nts s e llin g pr o p e rt y to th e Ord e r alld also in the ca se o f a Brig ad e Unit pur c hasin g prop e rty for th e Ord e r.
H e has also now qualifie d for fift y ye ars' se r v ice in t h e B rigade , th e last fift e en ye ars as Corps Staff Officer as Secretary to th e W e llin g borou g h Corp s H e hold s the B rigade I nstruc t or 's C e rtifica t e in S ec re t ar y ship and Finance , and has compiL e d Examination Pap e rs f o r , and ac t ed as Examin e r f o r th e County in both tho se subje c t s
B P. Chemic a ls Ambulance and Nurs i ng Divis ion -cont from page 25
Who was the team member in London who had to go d own to breakfast in his socks because he could not find his shoes that had been pla n ted, and who asked a coloured man in an hotel in Liverpool for his a u tograph, because he had b een to ld he was Sugar Ray Robinson, and the man cou ld n ot un derstand a word of Eng lish? These are just a very few o f the littIe th ings that have given amusement, but througho u t its entire history the Division and its members have all lived u p to and upheld the great tradition of the Order of St. John. 30
LETTER
Dear Madam,
The April edition of the St. J ohn " Review " contained an advertisement for first aid armbands and it is said in the advertisement that the armbands would be useful at limes of ma jor accidents Or disasters, and that the armbands proposed would be useful for overcoming the difficulties which are likely to arise at such a time.
With respect, this matter has been discussed at County level in this County following the Hixon train disaster in January, and we arrived at the conclusion that armbands were of little use in such a situation
The d ifficulties outlined in the advertisement were apparent at the Hixon train disaster, there were very many onlookers and people who were generally in the way, and without some clear means of identification it was difficult for the police to differen tiate between helpers and hinderers .
I must stress that there was no complaint made by any member of the Brigade on duty at the Hixon disaster with regard to their services not being required, but those of us that were there appreciated the difficulties with which the police were faced , and discussed the matter with a view to overcoming the difficulties and a ssisting in the orderly conduct of the proceedings at such a disaster.
We came to the conclusion that the only way in which we could be sure our members would be recognised, was by them weanng some very distinctive form of identification which could be seen at a distance.
Safe, gentle and swift to heal-
Savlon
'Savl o n ' L i q uid and 'Savlon' Crea m a r e i n dis pe n sa b le t o yo u r first aid kit Th ey ge ntl y clean a way dirt, ki ll ing t h e germs th a t w o uld i nfect t h e wound. T h e a ntise pt ics i n b ot h products are powe r fu l, sa fe. Th ey we r e discovered b y I. C. I. a n d a r e n o w u sed exte n sive l y by d o ct ors and h ospitals i n this co un try an d o verseas.
'Savlon ' Antiseptic Cream 1/6, 2/6, 4/6, 8/3
Savlon ' Liquid Antiseptic I f8, 3/-, 5/ I.
We came to the conclusion that something in the nature of a shortened pac -a-mac, in reflective pl a stic with perhaps the St. ] ohn Cross on the back or the words "First Aider " would be the best answer.
An armband cannot be seen at a dist a nce and the public image of the police could well suffer if police o01 eers had to go along to everyone that was at a of thIS nature , and enquire whether they were alders. It may be that inside the coach of a train or m the wreckage of an aeroplane the a rmband would be hidden from VIew , whereas a short , plastic jacket would not be, and everyone would know who the people were.
advantages of the plastic jacket would be presuma bly Its cheapness, and its compactness A p a c,can be folded , u p lOtO :;t space roughly correspondmg wllh an Officer s fir.st aId pack , and it would not ere ate too much hardshIP . for any Brigade member to a small p:;tck , i? his car, in the saddle bag on hiS cycle 0T tndeed lO hiS pocket, and it would a e avatl.able for him to put on as soon as he reached ny Idaccldent , and the reflective nature of the material a ls<? be used <l:s a safety f a ctor. and a programme on which I appeared me 10 whIch thIS matter was discussed , several viewer telephoned to say that means of identification h een avaIlable .to aiders for many years in the of the .first :;tId which is issued to them in bthe lIttle !denlificatlOn card which is supplied shOuld and it was sugges ted that this su e s.u Clent fOl ou.r purposes. I disagree WIth their lift' on. the baSIS that not everyone carries Would b e s them , and important, that it demand n ICU ous for the polIce to go round and disaster. 0 see everyone ' s identification card at a major sure Stores have jackets a d t?f tge pOSSIbIlIty of obtalOlOg such short but it n b I . t ey what the likely cost would be y e lOterestlOg to find out. '
Yours faithfully, D. L. WILLIAMS County Staff (See not e opposite)
Your Her a ge-cont. (rom p a g e 18
Set No . 5- A continuati on of St. John s Gate
SJ G / 9 Hera ldic Sh ields on Gateway, South
SJO / 13
SJO/ 17
SJ O / 27
SJO/28
SJG / 29
SJG/ 34
SJO/38
SJO/ 39
SJ O/47
SJO/ 49 side
Grand Master Pinto and Council
Chapter Hall Lantern Windows
Silver Cupboard No. 1
Silver Cupboard No.2
Close -u p of Silver Cupboard No.2
H.M. Queen Victoria
Processional Cros s and Chalice
The Santa Anna Turkish Cannon B alls
Plaster cast, Arms on the Auberge of England at Rhodes SJO / 50 Door of the West Tower
Set No . 6-A continu a ti on of th e Priory Church
SJPCh / 2 Boundary line, original Church
SJPCh/ 6 Ikon, left of Altar
SJPCh / 7 Ikon, right of Altar
SJPCh/ 11 Pa vement stone from Bethlehem
SJPCh/ 13 The Weston Effigy
SJPCh/ 16 The Door Knocker
SJPCh/ 21 The Lectern
SJPCh/ 24 A lberto Arringhieri - On Active Service
SJPCh/ 25 Alberto Arringhieri - I nth e
SJPCh / 26
SJPCh/ 28
SJPCh/30 Convent
The Prince of Wales Banner
Fabric of the Church, South side Stonework in the Cloister Oarth Window
They are. upplied in plastic sealed wrappings, complete wIth lecturer's notes, and cost 25s. per set, plu direct from the producer, whose addre IS gIVe!! below. They may be viewed in the VI ual AIds Section and orders will be accepted and transmitted: 144, Brownsprino- D rive New Eltham, London, S.E.9. b,
Very grea t care has been taken to ensure the authenticity of the notes supplied. Information has been collated from various sources resultino- in a freshness of presentation which should the speaker in his delivery.
. For the St. John enthusia t who e relatives and fnend have already provided him with almost everything available with a St. John flavour, one of these ets could well make a most attractive gift.
31
ADVERTISEMENTSCLASSIFIED
ADVERTISING AGENTS
T. G. Scott & Son Ltd., 1, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.C.2 (Tel.: 01-242 6264)
Cased Crested Cuff Links, 63s. Medal ribbons 1s. 6d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform, 25 each ribbon mounted on pin brooch; Regulation medab mounted 3s. 6d. per medal on brooch quoted for. - MONTAGUE JEFFERY , Outfitter. St (iiles Street. Northampton . (4)
BALL-PENS , Diarie s, Note Pads , Keys , Fobs, Pencils , etc., Gold-stamped Brig a de name or Personal names raise funds quickly-easily. Details-Northern Novelties, Bradford, 2.
UP TO 30 0/0 DISCOUNT (5) on branded CARPETS
WilTON, AXMINSTER, ORIENTALS, Etc. FREE delivery U.K. Chinese. Indian. Persian Carpets and Rugs a speciality.
Expert fitting arranged if required. Write stating requirements or for introduction to showrooms-LONDON or MAIN cities , DODSON-BULL CARPET CO., LTD.
Showrooms: 6 Old Bailey. London. E CA 01-1487971 (10 lines) 83-89 Blackett St., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Tel: 20311 or 21428 55-61. Lever Street Manchester I Tel 061-236 3687/8/9 (II)
3td. EACH !-PRINTED BALL POINT PENS 144
Full-length Conway Stewart Ball Pens die-stamped in gold with your Brigade or Charity for only 39s.; 144 Printed Pencils 35s. Ple ase print your slogan. (Maximum 30 letters), and add 4s. 6d. standard carnage. -J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD ., 2a, Hand sworth Road, London, N.17. (17)
ORGANISERS OF BAZAARS, FETES AND FUNDS .
We welcome both personal buyers and mail orders for our extensive range of toys and stationery at wholesale prices. Send for price lists. Also pre-selected parcels: 144 6d. Toys, or 72 Is. Toys; or 38 Is. lId. Toys, or Selection Toys Is. lId . to 5s. lId.; or Selection Assorted Stationery. Each parcel 54s., plus 4s. 6d. po stage. Two or more parcels 6s. postage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffiey) L TO., 2a, Handsworth Road, London, N.t7. (18)
SUPPORT STOCKINGS
Comfort and relief for all leg troubles. Sheer and fashionable appearance. Perfect goods at amazing low prices. See October, November, or Decem . ber issues for details, or write: Cilia Jane Hosiery Co. Ltd., 53-55, London Road, Cowplain, Portsmouth, Hants. Requests for literature and quantit y di sco unts welcomed. (16)
MOBILE FIRST AID UNIT FOR SALE
18 Foot long , Rubber Tiled Black and White Floor. Fitted two Stainless Steel Sinks with Aseptic Taps, Twin Gas Rings , Water Heater. Calor Gas Lightin g and Auxiliary Lights for Mains. Stretcher Storage, Fitted Stretcher Bed and Tip-up Seats. Provi sion for Second Stretcher Bed Toilet or Cloak Com· partment , three Store Cupboards. Side Door, Double Opening Re ar Doors and Internal Sliding Door to Divide into Two Compartments. This Unit is in Extremely Good Intern al Condition and Read y for Immediate Operation For appointment to view , please Telephone Superintendent R. C. Howard 01-368 6731 or write: 13 , Amos Ro ad, New Southgate, London N lI. (20)
FUND RAISING MADE EASY WITH PENCILS AND BALL POINT PENS!
Pl!ncils by Rowney with HB black lead in the OFFICIALLY APPROVED colours- silver, whit e and blue, overprinted in black ink with S.J.A. details and badge
Also pens by Conway Stewart available in eighl duo-colours, ink printed with SJ.A. details and badge.
Increase your funds fast - write today for fre e samp les and price booklet to the AUTHORISED SUPPLIERS:
AfREDALE PRESS LTD.
Dept. F., P.O. Box 60 Mosscar St., BRADFORD, 3
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENT! AND TRAINING SCHEMES
MOORFJELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD. LONDON, E.C.l
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates accepted at the age of 17 to commence an months course of training as Ophthalmic Students, M(). fields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful can dates. Well equipped School of Nursing. SuccesS candidates, on completion may enter the General Tra ing School of their choice. Comfortable Nur ses' H O I in Kensington within easy reach of the Al bert Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tenni s COL Active Social Club.
Applications in to the Matron.
APPEALS CORNER
By
Colonel W. L. R. Benyon, Appeals Organiser 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111I11111111111111I11111111111111111111I1111
Sad to relate, o ur Chairman, Lady Trefgarne, wi ll be leaving us at the end of March as she is changing her domicile. This is a bitter blow to us all and we sha ll miss her very much indeed. During the years she has been our Chairman, Lady Trefgame ha s been responsible for raising thousands of pounds through her inspi rati on and inventive gen ius . All her projects have been exciting and enterta ining From all of you I am passing on our thanks and expressing the hope that she will keep in touch with o ur exploits.
Miss Joanna Sterry, Secretary to this small department, has also left us to take up the offer of a trip to America; who can blame her.
So, from now on you will have to put up with - just me.
Our programme for the year i till taking shape but you may like to put these few date in your diaries. On Thursday, May 29, there i to be a Fashion Show in Guildhall, London, preceded by a buffet lunche on. This is generously being sponso red by tho e two well-known stores, Me srs. Burberry Ltd. and The Scotch House and hould a occasion. It is being run in conjunctIOn WIth the Festival of London Stores. We are honoured indeed that the R t. Hon The Lord Mayor of London, Sir Charles Trinder, and the Lady Mayoress have very kindly con en ted to be the ts of Honour. Tickets (3 gns.) can be o btam.ed from me and early appl icat ion would smce pace is limited. Please tell any of yo ur f!'lend s who may be in London on that date
The se ries of Exh ibiti on Golf Matche started year in conjunct ion with the Feather Club is co ntinu ed. We are fortunate th at Mr . Elizabeth Price-Fisher, the well-known lady champ ion, bas agreed to act a orga ni ser thi year. ha s a lre ady succeeded in arrang ing the followa nd several more are under di cu ion In dIfferent parts of the coun tr y. Do try and come.
May 11: Rowlands Ca . tIe.
May 18 : Pennard.
july 20: Herne Bay.
August 10: Willingdon.
August 24: Hexham.
Our most grateful thanks are due to the following for their donations:
National Mutual Life Assurance Society
Commercial Union Association
Ph oenix A ociation Company
Eq uity and Law Life A sociation
Legal and General Association Society
Sun Alliance and London In s urance Company
The Ralph Yablon Company Ltd.
R oyal Exchange
Sun Life Assurance Society Ltd.
Norwich Union Insurance Group
Guardian Group of Companies
Corporation and Members of Lloyds and Lloyds Br okers
Jockey Club
Oppenheimer Charitable Trust
Two ideas have come to me lately which I pass on without comment because they seem to me to be of u e on a local rather than a national level.
The fir t concern the use of empty shops for charitable purpo es. I under tand that s uch premise if loaned to a charity for a period of at lea t ix week , earn a rebate of rates for that period in most areas, although some local authorities allow only a 50 per cent rebate. It appear that rates ca nn ot become chargeable to the ow ner after the char it y has given up its activities for a further period of three month. It i therefore a very attractive propo ition to owner who are sa ddled with empty hops to loan them to a charity. Try it and see, but take legal advice first.
My econd s ugge ti on is much impler. Why not run a beauty conte t for the local "St. J ohn Beauty Queen." You need a pon ' or and a s uitable occa ion but it would be great fun and excel1ent pUblicity; after all everyone like pretty girls!
Finally, may I ugge t that yo u buy "Woman' R ea lm " for the next few weeks In it you wjJl find an a rticle " Your Junk - My Trea ure" in which R osemary Simon ha m o t kindly suggested that unwanted "nonsense" of a ll ort hould be ent to us for Ll se or sale you never know
OLD EYES FOR NEW
You and thousands more of u s- ordinary n1en and womenmay now give sight to someone who i s, at thi s moment , blind.
Because this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back their vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
Eyes of all colours are equally valu a ble , and it do es not m a tter if you have worn spectacle s for year s .
If you are not as young as you were , do not feel that your offer will be less valuable. Strangely enough , it will be mor e so: the eye s of older people are even better for thi s purpo se.
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shall benefit, it is essential that there should be many more willing donors than will ever be called upon.
PLASTIFOl
COMMERCIAL UNION ASSURANCE
Appointed insurers for St. John Ambulance Brigade
All classes of Fire, Ufe, Accident and Marine business transacted Branch Office: 17 Addiscombe Road, Croydon, CR9 6H P Telephone: 01-6862434
All members of the Commercial Union Assurance Group are members of the British Insurance Association
For SUPPLIES
of First Aid Manuals, or any teaching book relating to courses organised by the St. John Ambulance. Teaching aids generally include First Aid Film Loops. Uniforms for the St. John Ambulance Brigade, including Badges and Insignia. All First Aid Materialsstretchers, kits, etc.
Wide range of items for Gifts & Prizes.
Write to:-
General Manager (Stores) Order of St. John
St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell
London E.C.1
Tel: CLErkenwell 6644
THE ST. JOHN REVIEW
Official Journal
Dept J. 69 Aberdeen Street, Hull, Yorkshire.
ST. JOHN HOUSE JUST THE PLACE FOR ALL ST. JOHN MEMBERS TO STAY AND MEET THEIR FRIENDS
A ppIJ' for details 10 : The \,(larcien, St. John H o use, 50 Eaton Pla ce, L o ndon S.W .1 01-235 2732
JOHN
REVIEW MANAGEMENT BOARD
"Unsolicited articles will be acknowledged only if a stamped addressed envelope is enclosed."
Acknowledgement Slips
I acknowledge, with thanks, the article you have SO kindly sent for inclusion in the St. John
While I am most grateful for suggested matenal, I am sure you will understand that plans for each month's publication have to be made well in advance and it is therefore not possible to give any guarantee as to publication or return of material. Your articl e will, however, be read with interest and given every consideration.
Please also remember that, except for topical neWS, there is bound to be a delay of at least a month from date of receipt. Articles and events which can be held for future issues may mean three months before publication, so don't despair.
Looking Around
First Aid in Sport, by Dr. E. O. Walwyn-Jones, M .R .C.P . ...
Exposure and Survival, by a Brigade Surgeon Helping Hands
Casualty Handling, by V. S. Helmore
Electricity Supply Ambulance Centre National First Aid Final Personalities
Training to Face an Accident Without Panic, by D / O John Cook
Being Prepared for Accident Release, by D / S / O. Ben R Jarman
Wishe for a God Child, by Cyril Fletcher
Obituaries
LOOKING AROUND
/ have just returned from a very pleasant visit, (IS a guest, fro111 Bristol where the 1969 Electricity Cuuncil's 20th National First Aid Finals were held. All exciting cuntest-witll an "old and new wu rl d" flal'uur. (Pictures and results UI1 page lO - detailed results in May issue).
Once aga in will readers please note where "fanmail" sho uld be addressed-de tails on page I
May I draw your attention t o the notice regarding the acknowledgement and return of material on in side front cover for the " R eview" as agreed by the " Review " Management Board. "All items wi ll be carefully considered. Every effort will be made to include pictures and news, but acknow ledgements can be made on ly if a s.a .e. is enclosed." Please, if it is a valuable personal item, make this clear so that there will be no mistakes-of co ur se, sometimes the material is lost by the G.P.O. and not always by the Editor!
Referring back to the Electricity Council, 1 would like to take the op p ortunity of thanking Mr. Philip Crouch, the Centre Secretary, and Miss Sylverton, Editor of the "Amb ul ance Bulletin," E lectricity Council, for their unfailing help and s upp o rt. What they and their colleagues have done for me-which is after a ll for St. 10hn-cannot be expressed in words, but no appeal for help has ever been ignored.
NEWS IN BRIEF
Norfolk. In a recent report from the "North Norfolk News" under the title of "Crew of Two Re ady for Action," the work of Mr. George Bu]]im ore and Mrs. Iris Kerry appeared They have the responsibi1ity of manning the town of Cromer's St. 10hn Ambulance ambulance service, ready to go out at a moment's notice as they are in radio contact with the County Hall, Norwich, H.Q. of the Ambulance Service.
Bristol. No.1 Nursing Division celebrated their 60th Anniversary in March. Miss Annie Style (86), the only surviving founder member of the Division c ut the birthday cake. Among those present were the present DIS. Mrs. V. 10slin, Miss Winifred Donaille (who joined the Division in 1924), Assistant Commissioner Mr. G. 1. Creech and SIO C. F. Kimmings.
Bucks. In the March issue a mention was made of the tribute paid to the Chesham Medical Comforts Depot. Since then some amazing facts and figures have come in, a lso a tribute to Miss Wheeler whose indefatigable efforts have brought relief to so many. In ] 968 over 3,000 articles were sent out o n loan. Tn her r epo rt Miss Wheeler thanks Mr. Will s of Messrs. Carters, and Mr. Evans of Ta ll y
Surgical Instruments for their prompt assistanct "Their help extends far beyond an ordinary COni mercial service." She also mentions, "1 have rea son to be very grateful to Mr. Pratt, whose ca service often has to be o ur first thought in an s udd en emergency issue of goods." As Mrs . Alic Boa e, wife of the Warden at the St. J ohn Hospita in Jerusalem said in her article (November issue "A id Takes Many Form ." During my recent il l ness this has been brought home very forceabh
The aid has come from so many unexpecte, ources. Among others who have helped th Depot at Chesham are the Rotary C lu b, th , organisers of the Donkey Der by, the J ohn J acksol Darts Team , the Townswomen's Guild, the Count Council, the Buckingham c.c. Health Dept., Mr; Janet Mar h, and her twelve helper s, Mr. Elli ani the other voluntary drivers, and to Mr. and Mrl Fowler of Little Chalfont and their son Timothl
The Fowlers gave the Depot a fully reclining seli propelling chair.
Croydon Centre. At their A.G.M. held in Febru ary, the 1968 report sh owed that 35 courses hal been held and were attended by 428 candidate 0 which 407 succes fully pa s ed their examinatiom
Sixteen of these qualified for Advanced Fir tA il and Surg. Commdr. P. J Roylance, Area Com missioner, South Western Area , London Di tri c who directed the course, commented very favour ably on the high standard of the examinee. One aga in Hi s Worship the Mayor of Croydm Councillor Bernard Sparrow, agreed to be Presi dent of the Centre, and the Committee expresse, their gratitude to him fo r his interest and unfaili n t s upport.
Oxford shire. A cutting from the "OXforl Times," sent in by D I S. Highton, Bices ter Cade Divi s ion, gives a report on the "Helping Ha n l Service" which he has organised so that the Nun ing Cadets call on the o ld er ci tizen every Satu r day and undertake errands and help in any wa required. Quite apart from the practical side tn visitors and the visited enjoy the personal con tact. Mr. Highton says that there i no shortag of volunteer. Four girls are particularly enthu siastic helper s, Patricia and Susan Higgin , ani Marianne and Lucia Wright, all members of tn. Charlbury and Stone field Combined Cadet Di v l s ion.
Leicestershire. Last month 29 cadets were en rolled into the Thurmaston Ambulance and Nun ing Cadet Divi s ion s There wa an excellent pic ture in the "Leicester Adverti er" of D I S A. R Birley in s pecting a happy group of the new cadel before the Service at All Angels' Church.
CORRECTION
The article by Mi ss Baker on the "Care of ti l> Older Citi7en. Part 2," the sentence, under "Treal ment or Hypothermia" s hould read " rectal temper
ature" and not "actual temperature." Where we place the responsibility for the error seems to be a bit confused, but no doubt it was the editorso apologies, sincerely, to Miss Baker and readers.
Belfast. The St. 10hn and Red Cross Hospital Library celebrated its 21st Birthday on April 1 this year. The Editor having started her career in the U.K. St. John with this Department of the Joint Committee, ha a particularly soft spot for it after over 20 years, and well remembers Mrs. Violet Dobbin who was the first, and still is County Organiser of the service . When she s tarted the service she had a second- hand bicycle and less than 300 books. Today, the H.L.D. serve 44 hospitals and in 1968 distributed over 168,000 books. There i a minute paid staff and a band of 190 voluntary librarians. Belfast has a new and magnificent hospital and I hope to get round to reading my notes and doing the story about Mr. Bill Ryan, S.R.N.m., a sta lwart of St. 10hn, C.O. In struct or and a member of the ho spital stafT, in the near future.
It always seems that o ne has t oo little material until one come to trying to find space for it.
Cadet Camp Isle of Wight 1969. The Annual London District Cadet Camp will be held in the of Wight from August 9 to 16. AIS I O. L. 1.
Kibble says in the S. W. Area Gazette that he would like to see at lea st two cadets from each enq uiries to him at 40a, Coombe Road, KlI1gston-upon-Thames, Surrey.
Still on London District, I wa delio-bted to hear that "The Laffertys" are back in the U.K. and will look to some snappy and amu ing material abou t their Journeys. Laffertys, please note, and welcome h ome.
GARDENS OPEN IN AID OF ST. JOHN Lincolnshire.
Enfield House, Sunday, June 1. Humber tone Avenue, Grimsby. (Mr. and Mrs. F. A. Would). To get there , turn ast from Waltham Toll Bar A [6 .over level crossing- make sure there i n't a. trall1 coming- and it is the first hou , e on the nght beyond the bollards.
Casewick, Stamford. (The Hon. Mr. N. Trollope-Bellew). Between Uffington Tallinaton a S l1d Greatford (A16) turn left at Open unday, June 22.
Hackthorn Hall, Lincoln, SWlday, June 22 (Sir and Lady Cracroft-Amcotts). Six miles N. S Lll1coln on A 15. Turn east sho rtly after campton R.A.F. Station.
PRIOR Y FOR WALES
To mark the Golden Jubilee of the Brigade a number of china statuettes of the Grand Prior, Sir Thomas Docwra, 1501-1527, one of which was presented by the Prior for Wales, Lord Aberdare to Lord Wakehurst when a party of senior members of the Order visited the Gate as part of the Jubilee celebrations last year. A number of these statuettes are still available at £6 6s. (including postage and packing), from the Treasury Secretary, Order of st. John , Priory for Wales, 4, Cathedral Road , Cardiff. They would make a suitable present-only fifty exist- or as a trophy for a new competition.
FIRST AID IN SPORT
By Dr. E. O. WALWYN-JONES, M.R.C.P., (London)
There has been an increase in numbers of people playing sport, and spending more time in training. This has in turn led to an increase in injuries, and greater medical interest. Consequently more doctors attend team events and treatment is given at an earlier stage, so that efficient Fir t Aid is of prime importance in returning the athlete to fitness in the shortest possible time.
The majority of injuries are to the soft tissues, i.e., muscles, tendons and ligaments. They may be:
1. Direct: due to a blow or knock.
2. Indirect: due to sudden violent effort, e.g., a muscle pull, tear or strain. The commonest injury is to the hamstrings in sprinters.
3. Due to overuse, particularly with modern training methods (see later).
The First Aid treatment in the first two instances is based on preventing further damage, and consists of:
(a) Rest, elevating the limb involved, and
(b) The application of a cold compress, i.e., a towel, soaked in cold water and wrung out, wrapped around ice, if available, bound firmly in place. This sounds simple but is essential, to reduce blood flow and hence further swelling and damage. Simple analgesics, e.g., soluble aspirin, can be given as needed.
Massage at this stage is of no benefit and possibly dangerous. (It could encourage myositis ossificans, a serious complication with calcium deposited in the muscles). Local injections also belong to the treatment of long-standing lesions and have no part in First Aid.
Overuse injuries are not always so easy to diagnose and may be regarded too lightly, even to the extent of being called malingering. The reason is that there is little to find and the symptoms can be vague. The only possible rule for First-aiders must be to regard any complaint of pain in any bone, joint or muscle, made worse by activity, with the utmost suspicion, even if there is nothing to see or feel. It is possible to produce crack fractures of any bone and conditions such as javelin or tennis elbow, probably starting with a minute tear, and then continued overuse leading to 4
inflammation. The First Aid treatment is to stol the action that brings on the particular trouble to rest the part involved and to support the painfU l area.
The difficulty is to persuade the athlete that tbi is necessary and need medical advice before hi resume hi sporting activity. Space does no permit describing these conditions in detail becau si they can occur anywhere and often be multiple yet it is here that the alert First-aider can do th( grea te t good.
Laceration, abrasion and spiking, etc., can b dealt with using the local applications available alway bearing in mind the risk of tetanus infecti ol from any penetrating wound. All athletes should h protected by an annual injection of tetanu tox oia but should be referred to the spor t doctor afle' First Aid for these injurie
Serious injurie , such as fractures of the Ion! bones, joint dislocation and penetrating wound' may occur, particularly during field event, an medical emergencies such as epilep y, concussi or or heat stroke. These are all dealt with in standar\ text books, but heat stroke merits an additiom word.
The rate at which the body can lose heat i limited, and under extreme conditions with pre longed exertion, e.g., marathon running, cyclin! the heat produced internally by energy expenditur may exceed this, so that the body temperat Uf ri es, pos ibly to 106 deg. F. or 107 deg. F. WIDe is a level dangerous to life. This is the cau e c collapse in such athletes, not dehydration or sa l deprivation. Treatment to reduce body temperatu r by external cooling or wrapping in a wet, cot sheet and directing currents of air from all dire( tions is e sential and urgent.
To summarise
The basic principle in all porting injuries rest and reduction of swelling. The cardinal syJ1l[ tom to look for in difficult cases is pain- lOi must never be ignored, particularly if it is maO worse by effort.
By cOllrtesy of th e Electricity Allthority "Am/)//io/ll
BlIlletin."
Exposure is a combination of fatigue, cold, anxiety, and mental stre ss, with symptoms of coldness, tiredness, mental dullness, failure of vision, slurring of speech and shiver ing. leading to collapse and death if no action is taken.
Exposure can he divided into two categories
1. Exposure in water as in shipwreck.
2. Exposure in air a in mountaineering. For the purpose of this article only expo ure to cold is considered. The effect of exposure to heat can be just as fatal.
EXPOSURE IN WATER
If the rectal temperature drops below 34 deg. C. it means that the temperature in the muscle is in the low twenties, and at this temperature the swimmer is unable to swim and the climber unable to move. A fat person in water is protected from exposure more than a thin one and if the water is 16 deg. C. a fat per on, with the exercise of swimming, does not get cooler, but a thin one would. So if you are thin, it is better to hang on to wreckage than to swim; but if you happen to have a thermometer with you and the water is 25 deg. C. it is safe to swim!
Survival time in the sea depends mainly upon the temperature of the water, ranging from as little as 15 minutes in temperatures just above freezing, to many hours in tropical climates. In cold conditions s urvival will depend to a large extent on the amount of clothing you have on, and of course the necessity of a lifebelt to keep afloat! Infection, easickness, loss of morale , also play their part in survival at sea. People exhausted and exposed suffer from hallucinations which may tempt them to throw themselves from the boat or raft.
The traditional ships life-boats give little protection cold or heat, but they have the a dvantage of being navlgable, whereas the raft just drifts However, these days there are few parts of the world where a ship is n.ot soon reported missing and a search made. In these Circumstances an inflatable rubber dinghy offers the best chance of survival. These will hold up to 20 or 30 men and are inflated when they reach the water. The occupants enter through a flap which can be closed, and are protected fron: cold or heat by the canopy, which can also collect ram-water.
In shipwrecks exposure does not only mean the effects of cold but can also mean the effects of heat, lack of w.ater and food. We can only exist for six or seven days Wlth?ut water but can sUJ'vive weeks without food. We requ.lfe a minimum of 500m .1. of fresh water a day for surVIval. To drink seawater even diluted is fatal. Alcohol !'flust be avoided at all costs as it dilates the vessels 111 the skin. It is only recommended when rescued!
EXPOSURE IN AIR
t In the case of exposUJ'e to cold the severity will depend, Tblarge extent, upon whether the person is wet or dry. toe exposed to cold when wet is far more serious than ° 1;Je to cold when dry. Exhaustion also plays a TlaJor par: m whether the person is to survive or not. o le .of the wind which evaporates the moisture
In.' e. clotblllg and further cools the body is also of nll,Portance. Wetting will reduce the insulation of 25 e othmg by 50 per cent and exercise by a further tireger cent. The moral of this is that if you are cold, el ,wet and exhausted on a mountain or anywhere se for that matter, your best chance of survival is to 5
take shelter from the wind and rain as best you can, and to huddle together for more warmth and protection. J n this way you stand a better chance of survival than by trying to struggle on. Remember you can suffer from exposure in the mountains of Wales even in August. As in the case of survival at sea body fat will protect you if you are wet through but in dry conditions body fat is no protection against exposure. A person's mental condition is often confused in exposure and this can be due to fatigue as much as to the cold.
WHAT TO WEAR
It is easy to become exposed but not difficult to prevent it. All people exposed to severe weather must be suitably clad. The ideal is Ventril fabric which will let water vapour out but will not let water in. This material, however , is very expensive and not always available. A plastic garment will keep water out and this is known as a Cagoule. This keeps the water out but also keeps the water vapour of the body in. In severe conditions this water vapour will form as frost on the inside of the Cagoule. Even if you are wet through and put on a Cagoule it will stop water evaporating from the body with the resultant loss of heat. Rubber garments are unsuitable because although they keep the wet out, they will not allow the water vapour to escape from the body and you are just as wet from the insi de as you would be from the outside. So dry cold is far less likely to cause exposure than wet cold and this is why you may be more prone to exposure in the damp climate of Snowdon than in the dry climate of the Himalayas.
HIGH ALTITUDE PROBLEMS
The higher we go up a mountain the less is the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere. This means that less oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream by the lungs and that the oxygen supply to the body is cut down. The first effect this has is that the person becomes breathless on exertion. At sea-level you can exercise as much as you like and the oxygen concentration in the blood remains the same. At 19,000 feet the oxygen concentration in the blood goes down and the sensation of shortness of breath is very great. To overcome this we have to breathe quicker. It is interesting to note that people who live at high altitudes such as the Sherpas, do not have to breathe quicker to keep their oxygen concentration in their blood the same as ours. Their normal life is carried on at 13,000 feet. They can easily carry a 60 lb. load at this altitude and a trained mountaineer, without any load whatsoever, has a job to keep up with them. It seems they extract more oxygen from the same amount of air. Pneumonia at high altitudes is often fatal due to acute pulmonary oedema, which means that the air sacks in the lungs become full of fluid and are unable to take up oxygen from the air breathed in. The person is drowning in his own fluids and in this condition a cylinder of oxygen for treatment is essential.
MOUNTAIN SICKNESS
There is also the problem of mountain sickness which does not seem to be entirely due to lack of oxygen. The more rapidly one ascends a mountain the more likely you are to suffer from mountain sickness. The symp(Contillued Oil page 25)
THE HELPING HANDS
April 24
May 3
May 10
June 5
June 11
June 19
July 2 and July 4
July 10
October 5
November 20
NURSING CADET JANICE
BEESTON (12), 0/ Hemel Hempstead, taking part in a joint St. John and Red Cross nursing contest, gives Mrs. Coleman a helping hand during the test. The boys 0/ Hemel Hempstead St. John Ambulance Cadets, Charles Porter, Brian Edmllnds, Barry Smith and David Tuddi/oot came all' top, beating three girls' teams /rom Radletf Abbots Langley and Hemel Hempstead. The competition was orga nised by the Abbots Langley Red Cross. The Radlett Red Cross Cadets came second. The jlldge was a local Districl Nllrse, Miss Grace Austin. Two iJ/l 'alids were inl'o/l'ed, Afrs. Coleman, sIIfferillg (rom heart /ailure and bronchitis and 'her grand-daughter (Marion Dean) simulated recol'ering ji-OI11 a urinary infection and sprained ankle.
Evening
ST. JOHN AMBULANCE
NATIONAL FmST AID COMPETITIONS-1969
DOCK & HARBOUR AUTHORITIES ASSOCIATION
NATIONAL COAL BOARD
H. 1. HEINZ CO. LTD.
B.P. CHEMICALS
MINISTRY OF TECHNOLOGY
AMBULANCE CENTRE
ARMY DEPARTMENT AMBULANCE CENTRE
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF YOUNG FARMERS' CLUBS
BRITISH RAil-WAYS, LONDON
TRANSPORT (RAILWAYS) & BRITISH TRANSPORT DOCKS
NATIONAL ROAD PASSENGER TRANSPORT AMBULANCE ASSOC.
GRAND PRIOR'S TROPHY COMPETITIONS
Norbreck Hydro, Blackpool The Spa Rooms, Scarborough Kitt Green, Wigan
Tavistock Rooms, London, W.C.2
E.I.D. Aquila, Bromley, Kent
Porchester Hall, London, W.2
Royal Show, Kenilworth
Queen Mary College, London, E.1.
The Music Hall, Union Street, Aberdeen
Seymour Hall, London, W.I
AUTUMN COMPETITIONS-DATES AND PLACES NOT YET CONFIRMED
Sept./Oct. GAS INDUSTRY COMPETITIONS, GENERAL POST OFFICE COMPETITIONS, "DAILY EXPRESS" NATIONAL COMPETITION FOR INDUSTRY
6
H ELPING HANDS - Bicester in the news agaill-see page J 5, Susan Higgins, Mar/anne Wright, Pat Higgins and Lucia Wright with lvII'S. C. A. Turner, /01' whom they regularly do the housell 'ork, shopping and any other persona/ services.
MACKNESS. a Nursing Cadet of 3, Rose Walk, Berrylands , Surbiton. Surrey, who IS workIng hard for her Grand Prior 's Badge, would very much like to have a "pen-friend" in of our overseas Cadet units, particularly French-Canadian. The subject she has taken mc1udc handicrafts, animal care, librarianship and camping. Her ambition is to work in a hospital. but until he gets the re ult of her G.C.E. he cannot decide in which particular branch thi will be.
7
Echo, Hemel Hempstead
AnLOn's Photography
CASUALTY HANDLING
First Aid Lay Instructors
by V. S Helmore, Chief Fire an d C.D. O fficer.
Firemen, Policemen, First Aiders, C.D. Volunteers, Mountain Rescue teams, Air Sea Rescue Teams and many untrained people at some time in their lives are faced with the Handling of a Casualty.
Not enough emphasis is placed on this in any text book or by any instructor. Only those who have witnessed serious accidents and disasters, who have actually witnessed MISHANDLING of casualties can speak of this subject with authority.
It is of no use whatsoever to be able to know your text book, be to bandage, splint, etc., if you. are going to destroy the knowledge acquired by bad handltng.
Good casualty handling requires a very high standard in all means of transportation of casualties plus an abundance of commonsense.
CASUALTY HANDLING IS N O T COMMONSENSE
FIRST AID IS NOT COMMONSENSE
CIVIL DEFENCE IS NOT COMMONSENSE as COMMON means to everyone and SENSE means understanding.
Everyone DOES NOT understand, so none are COMMONSENSE
Whoever you are, reading this, would be or Rescue volunteers, when you start your FIrst AId Training, ask yourself these questions:
HOW WILL I STAND UP TO BITS AND PIECES?
HOW WILL I STAND UP TO THE CRIES OF CHILDREN?
HOW WILL I STAND UP TO THE CRIES OF THE DYING?
ALL FIRST AID BOOKS are ACADEMIC KNOWLEDGE like "LATIN to an ITALIAN." Besides this knowledge, try and face up to the facts you are going to meet with LD.D.D.D.D.D. INJURY, DIRT, DANGER, DEBRIS, DARKNESS, DYING AND DEAD.
There is always DARKNESS, DARKNESS because we don t know DARKNESS because we cannot pull ourselves together, DANGER because we c<l:nnot adapt ourselves to the situations we are confronted With.
Do you remember the Commandment. "THOt! NOT KILL." To drive home the necessIty of tillS subject, one must be outspoken to all those who care to read or listen. We criticise the Germans and their attitudes and actions in concentration camps, yet they are human beings the same as you. THINK of the attacks on old people, the rape of young children, the use of the boot in a brawl.
Think of the housewife who will faint at the sight of a drop of blood, yet five l.ater can go into a shop, handle a piece of raw JUICY meat, clean a rabbIt or chicken cook it and eat. You see, we adapt ourselves.
We ;re fully aware of the cruelties in Factory farming like debeaking, dehorning, plus many more, yet we shall eat the flesh. Why? Because as an excuse we say the law permits it, it is in black and white. The. same with some First Aid, it is done because it says so 10 the book, but without consideration to the patients' condition. Are they CONSCIOUS- UNCONSCIOUS-SHOCK.
If you are injured at home, and in sympathy, a picks you up. IS IT THE RIGHT OR WRONG thlDg to do?
Two things should be remembered, INFORMATION AND O BSERVATION, such as-Was your knee injured?
Could you have used the human crutch method?
SOME FO O LS FIGHT CASUALTIES AND INSIST O N LIFTING.
Remember a CONSCIOUS person will help himself and might even get onto the stretcher th!ng is certain, they will never aggravate theIr own tnJunes. 8
YOU MIGHT!
With the UNCONSCIOUS, WHICH PART HURTS : You don't know and the patient can't tell you. It is th e UNCONSCIOUS that we can destroy with bad handling They were unconscious when you did it, and they cann ot therefore stand up in the witness box and say "THAT'S THE MAN THAT PARALYSED ME FOR LIFE and so you are free to do it again."
Remember the unconscious refuses to respond when stimulated from the outside- BILL!, BILL! i- no answer.
Remember that the underlying causes of unconsciousness difTer widely, asphyxia, fainting, bleeding, pai n shock , poisons, yet all this is due to a tempC?rary of the vital brain function or disorder. ThIS should, 10 the hands of a good First Aider remain TEMPORARY, but yo.u r hands can make it, PERMANENT. Your hands can kIll , and it's too late to say: "It won't happen again."
Even Surgeons cannot look at an unconscious patien t and say what is wrong, but like us can say "MAYBE."
ONLY THE X-RAY can look into a man body properl y.
SURGEONS DO NOT GUESS. They even X-ray after a limb has been put into plaster to ensure their work has nOi been undone by those responsible for the fitting of the plaster. How much greater care must we take then?
All Academic books, including First Aid books are full of mistakes because they were written by man, therefore your book is a GUIDE, use it as such and adapt it to the situation.
Let us consider one definition of SHOCK. A conditi on brought about when the body has been subjected to gross vio lence, mental or physical.
Imagine a telegram: "Come at once, your wife's dead ." Result chaos in the mind at once If shock is not treated , will die. We were all shocked by the air attack s in 1940-41, but our boys went up and did battle, and win or lose this eased some of the shock out of us , and we could ;est we could breathe fresh air, because we didn 't have to in shelters which were obnoxious, we co.uld have drinks. Men can do nothing in this world without women who give warmth. NOT one case can be treated without warmth.
WARMTH IS A TREATMENT FOR ALL CASES OF SHOCK.
HOW MANY PARENTS IGNORE THE CRIES OF A CHILD without stopping to think what might be the cause. LOOK how panic disappears at the sight of a policeman or a nurse with a lamp, a rescue man with a ro.pe
Treat your patient properly. If he has cold feet , warm them up. "Undo tight clothing" is a familiar statement an,d action of First Aiders, but STOP and THINK! A man S coUar is his size. We should in most cases close apertures to keep out the cold.
Woo l traps the atmosphere. Put your feet on lime and it feels cold, put them on a carpet and it feels warm, yet both can be in the same room at an even temperature. Wh.l is this? Because wool captures warmth. When a person IS cold and doesn't complain there is a reason.
Remember SHOCK IN YOU is characterised by your shaky hands.
DON'T TREAT OTHERS UNTLL YOU HAV E OVERCOME IT. GIVE WAY TO TEARS, BE SICK al both act as a relief. Apply your first aid treatment with the minimum amount of movement.
Never shoul "FIRE!" Twenty or more people ma) panic, may jump to their death. More thought may have saved them. Remember some gases go up, some do\\fl, therefore crawling could mean death.
(Continued 011 facing page)
FIRST POWER DRIVEN "INDEPENDENT" MOBILE FIRST AID UNIT
SO UTH-EASTERN AR EA-L ONDO N (PR INCE OF WALE S'S) DISTRICT
TH E TERM " independent" is L1sed loosely, but it is, as far as we know , possible to describe the converted coach, dedicated by the Assistant Chaplain of the Order , the Rev E. E Turner, at Bromley, which does not depend on a towing vehicle. The proud possessors are S.£. Area, London District - it is certainly the ollly one in the District . It will be invaluable 0/1 public duties, and s.E. Area are prepared to lend the unit to other areas The Brigade is greatly indebted to the Greenwich Round Table who paid for the coach and for having it painted Brigade members actually carried out the conversion. Mrs C. M. Stretton, S.R.N., Area Assistant Nursing Officer , lIIas largely responsible for the success of the project, and in recognilion of her efforts, she was presented wit/7 a gift of cut glass and a miniature replica of the unit Area Commissioner E. A. Wh eble expressed his thanks to all II'ho helped financially and materially
Hospital Car S ervice , Somers et
This is a national service organised for St. John in Somerset in 1945, which has functioned under the National Health Service ince 1948, with a mileage figure of more than 2! million.
To maintain the ervice in the early day, 300 enrolled dnvers covered Somerset and were controlled from the Hospital Car Service County Office at Weston-Super-Mare.
Later, the reque t of the local authorities , the Hospital Car ServIce to function in a modified form , owing to. formation of the professional Ambulance Service With Its .ever-increasing number of radio-controlled sittingcase vehlcles, and it still fulfils a useful purpose by meeting the transport needs of Somerset County Council and Bath CIty Ambulance Service
The situation in Bath City has, however, now changed. Here, the . Ho pital Car Service began to function in 1945, and 10 ]951, the direct control of drivers and journeys was glve!l.to Chief Fire and Ambulance Officer, although the admlOlstratlOn, paymcnt of drivers, etc., still remained at the County Office. Last year, the Ho pital Car Service Withdrew from it work in the City at the request of the local authOrity who decided to form its own voluntary car pool.
fThanks have been expressed for the excellent work 0. the drivers who have cared for a great number of patients and COvered thousand of miles during the 23 year of ervice to. the City.
Co.The .work which continuc as .usual for. et County tI lIncil has shown a marked mcreasc 10 mileage during Orne year, .and the long and pleasant association with it cers still remain .
Mrs. Dorothy Bingham-Hall, Hon County Organi er. 9
C asual ty Handling -continued
Remember all things improvised are better than those provided, example: you always have rigidity with a door for a stretcher, whilst the provided tretcher sags. Cover up the bits and pieces and to ensure continuity of treatment, mark the casualties accordingly and let others know that the ca ualty has a CRUSH INJURY. C.R. T.
Let others know that the casualty has a TOURNIQUET.
Let others know of any contamination. C. Let other know the casualty has been treated with Morphine. M.
Let other know about PHOSPHORUS. P. MOVE THE STRETCHER TO THE PATIENT. MOVE THE DOCTOR TO THE PATIENT unless otherwise directed.
MOVE THE UNINJURED LIMB TO THE INJURED. DO NOT MOVE WHERE THERE IS NO NECESSITY. IF YOU MUST MOVE, DO SO WITH THE GREATEST OF CARE.
RESPECT THE FEELINGS OF THE CONSCIOUS CASUALTY.
RESPECT ADVICE OR HISTORY FROM BYSTANDERS WHEN YOU ARE DEALING WITH THE UNCONSCIOUS CASES. THEY CAN'T TELL YOU THE BANDAGES ARE TOO TIGHT, THEY CAN'T TELL YOU YOU ARE HURTING THEM, WHERE IT HURTS, IF YOU ARE MAKING IT WORSE. THEY CAN'T TELL YOU THAT BEFORE YOU TOUCHED THEM THEY COULD FEEL THEIR LEGS, BUT NOW THEY CAN'T THINK OF EVERY MOVE YOU MAKE WITH AN UNCONSCIOUS PATIENT.
A paper prepared for the Ministry of Defence Fire, First Aid and Training School.
ELECTIUCITY SUPPLY AMBULANCE CENTRE NATIONAL FIRST AID COMPETITIONS RUNNERS-UP IN ACTION
SOUTH EASTERN (Brighton)
Capt. R. Morrell
No.2. E. P. Patching
No.3 D B. Moore
No.4 R. C. Burchell
R es : R. M. Owen
YORKSHIRE (Sbeffield) - Below
Capt. Miss S. Marriott
No.2. Miss D. Whitham
No.3. Miss M. E. Leach
No.4. Miss J. Wi/man
Res.: Mrs. M. Foden
The trophies were presented by MR. S. F. S. WHITMORE, Deputy Chairman, South Western Electricity Board and SIR DAVID WILKINSON, Bt., D.S.C., Director, St. John Ambulance Association, presided. Judges - Team Tests: Men, Dr. R. McL. Archibald, of Epsom ; Women, Dr. Dorothea F. Coles, of Bampton; and the Individual Tests were judged by Doctors J. L. W. John on, of Cromford, D. Harrett, of Cardiff, G. N. Ferry, of Bristol and K. Lee, of Bath.
The Bristol University Union Buildings were ideal for taging a National Competition. For once there was plenty of space for competitor, judge, spectators and photographers. Regarding the latter, as a rule the only view they can get of team in action is from behind- so when it come to identifying the teams for publication there is an additional problem.
The catering facilitie were excellent and a special vote of thanks wa given to the Union authorities.
NORTH EASTER (ewcastle-upon-Tyne)
Capt. Mrs. M. Watson
No.2 Miss M. McOlvin
No.3. Miss M. Gra y
No.4 Miss S. Ward
Res.: Miss G. FQJ bridg e
GRAND PRIOR'S BADGES
HAMPSHIRE
THE MA YOR AND MAYORESS OF WINCHESTER, Councillor alld Mrs. Stewart Green, presented the Grand Prior 's Badges to five members of the Winchester City Nursing Cadet Division (Left to right): D. Barnes , J Furseman, J Chard, G TibbIe and J. Beck COllnly Superintendent (N) Miss L. Cooper is on the extreme right. Hampshire Chronicle
PARTY TIME-NORTH WEST RIDING, YORKS
PLYMOUTH, S.W. DEVON AND EAST CORNWALL ANNUAL
DINNER AND DANCE Picture shows: Mrs. C. M. Rodd, County VicePresident, Squadron Leader J. W. G. Hancock, Commissioner, and Mrs. V. A. Trebilcock.
SOUTH
MEMBERS OF THE WHAR CLIFFE SILKSTONE AMBULANCE
CADET DIVISTO picture taken after their Christmas party at which Area Staff Officer
P. Proctor (second from right, back rOll') was guest 0/ honour. it is encouraging to see a /1/1/71ber 0/ juniors 11'/70, to quote their Divisional Secretary, Mr. H. Higgins, "Are eagerly all'aiting to be enrolled."
PERSONALITIES
H.Q.
Miss Sheila Puck Ie , who succeeded Miss Muriel Watson as Chief Admini strative Officer to the Superintendent-inChief has come to St. John after a long career in the Army. joined the A.T.S. as a Territorial in 1938, while still at London University. Her War service included years with mixed Anti-Aircraft Batteries defending Coventry, Liverpool and London.
After the War she spent 3t years at the War Office , where she drafted the Terms of Service for the regular Women's Services, Q.A.R.A.N.C and W.R.A.C, which were formed in 1949, and for this she was awarded the M.B.E.
Thereafter, staff jobs alternated with regimental duty, including a tour of duty in Hong Kong and years on the staff at Headquarters, B.A .O. R. She was promoted to Lieut.-Colonel and went to the Medical Services and W.R.A.C Record Office, where she was respon ible for the posting and career planning of the Other Rank s in the three Medical Services (R.A.M.C, R .A. D.C and Q.A.R.A.N.C), as well as W R .A.C
She retired in October, 1968 . Her hobbies are travel and the theatre.
FOUR VETERAN MEMBERS of th e Brigade in Falmouth, three former Di visiona l Superintendents and one ex-Tra nsp ort Officer , met for lun ch earlier this year. (Left to right): Mr. Ray P enhaligon, Mr. William (San) Toy, Mr. J. Jq ckman and Mr. John Henry Eddy.
Mr. Jackman erved with the Falmouth Di vi ion for 30 years and County Staff for 20 years. Mr. Eddy joined in 1922 and served for some 40 years and Mr Toy for 32 years. All became Superintendent of the Division. Mr. Pengah gon added three.year s hi s age in order to erve in the World War (Ill whIch they all erved) and many t:lblltes were paid to him for hi s ambulance serv ice, parhis ski ll a a driver, often under very difficult In those day (and up to the introduction of the Aatlonal Health Act in 1948) the Falmouth St. John O1bulance ran its own ambulance service. Recalling their experiences, they remembered the time 13
when Mr Penhaligon was on duty 24 hour a day, seven days a week during the blackest days of World War II, and in 1941 his own home wa bombed. It was reported in the Falmouth Pa cket that "Numerous sailors and merchant eamen alive today have call e to be grateful to him for hi expert driving. "
A fine record of service. No doubt they still take an intere t in SI. John if not quite so actively. Best wi hes to them in their retirement.
NOTE: The experiences of other readers would be of interest.
Falmouth Packet
CARLJISLE
HARRABY C AD E T
DJIVJISJION S
ANNUAL PRESENTATION OF AWARDS
THREE GRAND PRIOR BADGE WIN ERS Cadet Sergeants Michael NfcCarthy, Malcolm Bell and Gordon Adams. The presentatiolls were made by the Coml11is ioner, Colonel G, M. Kinmont and County Staff Officer S Stephell soll,
(Above):
FIRST NURSING CADET IN BICESTER TO WIN A GRAND PRIOR'S BADGE. The Commissioner, Wing Commander Kane, presented Miss Beryl Arthur with her Grand Prior's Badge, Also in the picture, Divisional Superintendent A, Highton.
(Right): MR . DENIS CASHMAN, recently transferred from Guild/ord, was presented with his Service Medal by the COl11missioner. Wing Commander Kane in his address fo the Brigade in Bicester said that it provides a striking example of good work. Among the guests was Lady Bicester, County Vice-President (N).
Harri s lorgan & 011, Biecstcr
LONDON DJIST R JIC T
EALING N j C DIVISION GRAND PRIOR 'S BADGE WINNERS
(Left to right): N /Cf SGT. KAY BUCKINGHAM, N/CfCpl, Valerie Soper, N/C/Sgt, Marianne Cal'anagh and N/C. Michelle Wilson received their awards earlier this ye ar. This makes a total of eight G.P.'s in the Dil'ision, The presentatioll of awards included 72 Proficiency Certzticates, and Special Service Shields to CLOCK UP 2,800 hours between FOUR membersthis MUST be a record-the recipiellts were Kay Buckingham, !VIarianlle Cal'allagh and ursillg Cadet Susall Burton and lelllllj'er Moulders. Kay's total has 11011' reached 1,000 hour of IJo lulltary service. The ceremollY, which included enrolling 13 nell' Cadets, was perforllled by Area COlllmissioller Lt -Col. R. A. Payne and A/S/O Mrs. V. C. DOl ies CONGRATULATIONS to the Dil'isioll on their 40th anniversary. },;!ust make them aile of the fir t Cadet Units to be formed.
l\liddiL'sc\ COlillt) J IIllL S
Cumberland News
Cumberland Ne\\·
Cumberland Ncws
Harris Morgan & Son, Bieestcr
ACHIEVEMENTS
ANN TENWICK, MOST EFFICIENT CADET. Ann, a member oj th e Cit y oj Ro chester Nursing Cadet Divis ion, receiving the Efficiency Cup /rom the President, Mr. F. Cory, Jor her action at a road a cc ident when a child was knocked down by a car
SCARBOROUGH NURSING CADET DIVISION CHAMPIONS - they won all Jour trophies at the County Competitions last month The presentation s were made by Lady Serena James , County President The awards were the Yorkshire Shield Jor overall winners, the Home Nursing and Best Team in the Test and the Uniform Troph y. (Front, leJt to right): Jacquely ne SandyJord, Katherine Rogers , Christine Fowler (Back, leJt to right): Jane Harrop , Susan Waite, and Janet Gib so n. In the Ambulance Cadet section, the newly formed Billing ham Divis ion carried off the County Trophy.
AWARD TO BLOOD DONOR
MRS. ROTHWELL , Superintendent, Todl17orden Nursing Division, receiving the GOLD BADGE/rom the Mayor, Councillor A. L. Greenwood, Jor having given a tolal oj 50 pints oj blood. Also in th e picture is th e Regional Blood D on or OrganiseI', Mr. A. Ambler. In his presentation address, the Mayor said: " You have set a fine example to the young people oj Todmorden." Mrs. Rothwe ll \lias admitted to the Order oj St. John as a Serving Sister in recognition of her services to the community.
CHESHIRE
SERGEANT MISS GERTRUDE LOWTHER, a member oj the Offerton and Great Moor Nursing Di vision, became "Nursing Member oJthe Year" when s h e won the competition (individual First Aid) Jor 1968 She is the first holder oj the cup which was presented by Mr. W. Cecil Robin son, a Jormer Commissioner oj the County. Miss M. Wilbey, a member oj the Port Sunlight Nursing Division was runner-up The competition was watched by the Mayor oj Crewe and se nior officers oj the Brigade in Cheshire.
What do you do with it when you have read it? If you do not pass it on to a friend, why not give it to your Public Library, or doctor, dentist, or pass on to another Division.
A Call For Help
The call for help was urgent, yet another Bank Holiday accident. I found the casualty lying rigid on the roadside twitching, but not breathing. There were no ap parent external injuries Mouth-to-mouth art ifici al respiration resuscitation was going to be difficult, he was such a tiny mite, 0 I breathed gently into his no e. Meantime, I sent my on in his invalid car for medical aid. After what seemed an age he started to breathe. Ever so little at first then stronger until finally he was able to breathe by himself. He would have hi chance to live if only his injurie were not too severe. Then convulsions started and I knew in my heart it wa not to be. Medical aid arrived!
"I am afraid there is nothing I can do but make hi easier," said the medic al man, sadly, and filling hi he gave the patient an injection and in econds It was all over. I had ju t lost my best friend, my dog!
p.Sad a.s I and my family are a lesson wa learned J Irst , AId to animals is al 0 part of our duty in St. dohn s. Mouth-to-no se resuscitation i practical and .oes work and there must be much one can do somePerha-,?s. a book on First Ai? to animals might W.o rth wntl ng, or perhaps a senes of articles by a surgeon could be published. I think we would benefit from a little knowledge to help oLlr dumb fiends. T. H
-St. John House?
The subscriptions are reasonable. The accommodation comfortable. You can hold your annual social events there- meet your friends. Good food. Fully licensed. Apply: The Warden, 50, Eaton Place, London, S.W.t. Tel: 01-235 2732.
fc:\<:ning Echo. Ken!
bcning Star
AMBULANCE CADET SERGEANT PETER DYRON, Market Harborough AIC Division, holding the Ghyst First Aid cup (presented by an anonymous donor) which )Vas competed for, for the first time. The judge was Dr. J H. Cumberland and the presentation was made by a former Divisional Superintendent of the Market Harborough Nursing Division, Mrs. S. Warner. The runner-up )Vas
A I C Cpl. Rohert Jaycock and third, AIC Stephen Goodman During the evening five new members were enrolled by C IS l O Mr. R. Crewe.
<!aui? (Mflinnrrs
A /C/ SGT. ROB E RT CRAGG, cap tain of Newfoundpool A IC Division, receiving the Area Quiz Shield from Area Superintendent D r. N. T. Nicol. Also ill the picture (left to right) Paul Br oderick (Res.), P e t er A llsop, Bernard Reed\, and Nigel J ones f "
LEICESTERSH I RE
C ATH E RlN E PL O NCZ YK (6) persuades V iscoun t ess Ke m sley, County P resident, to buy oll e of her pretty ha ndkerc h iefs at t he fair he ld in th e Latimer Street School, Anstey, in aid of the Anstey Division at which the successful total 0 £140 was rea lised.
Training To Face An Accident Without Panic
A falk given by Div. Off. John N. Cook Gravesend Ambulance Division to Kent No. J Area Officers
"Why does such and such a Division never enter a team in the County Competitions?" is a familiar comment. Well , that's a fair question, let 's see if we can find the answer. First and foremost , is there enthusiasm at the top of the Division for competitions? If not, then it will be a very hard up hill struggle for any keen members to enter, let alone succeed, if the Superintendent is not intere ted. This, of course, is true of any Divisional activity.
Most Superintendent s have the problem of too few really active members. He may also be heavily committed to transport or welfare work. On the other hand, we have the attitude that to participate is sufficient. That is not good enough, it was the will to succeed that made thi s country. If YOll are entering co mpetition s, go in with the killer illstinct, to win. Don ' t pick four men, push th e m in unprepared, and then wonder why the intere t ha s gone, when they finish the day bottom , with a mi erable score.
I know only too well that you are faced with an increase of the four-shift-sy stem, which means that the weekend, as we have known it, is fast disappearing, and it is impos ible to keep a team together. In any case, four trained people working as a team is rare at any accident in real life When you do manage to get a team to enter a competition they are often faced with an unrealistic test. Mu st there always be a Telephone, Doctor, Ambulance , Bandages, First Aid Kit, Daylight, etc., on tap- there is n 't in real life! A test away from routine , and the team who perform like trained sea ls will be thrown
What a cynical, uncon str uctive chap he is, you think. I don't mean to be cynical and I do have ome ideas.
Firstly, Four Member teams, surely the members can be changed at will. It may be an advantage to change an engine in the Monte Carlo, but to have to change a team en route to the top is a distinct handicap. practice and confidence locally, by having Int erD.lvlslOnal, or even Ambulance v. Nurses Competitions, With a Cup for annual competition, to your own rules. Organi se a Solo or Pairs Competition, with or without the help of untrain ed bystander. This will give more confidence at the real thing and develop less mechanical reliance on other members, i.e., No.4 will go and get the blanket
BIRMINGHAM
Picture shows members of Bournvill e Nursing DivBirmingham County, wh ich celebrated its Golden Jubilee last year. After the presentation of the certificate Mr. Michael Cad bury ted a model for Artificial practice to Mrs. Michael Cadbury, President the :qivision, who then It over to Mi s Nickless, th e Superintendent of the Divi sion.
(Le!t to right):
AREA COMMISSIONER
CO.I. E. Price, Div Supt. 'tISS Nick less, Mrs. Michael adbury and (seated) Mr •M'I Ie wei Cadbury
Why not an Individual Competition from Divi sio nal level right through to National level? Individual Test s at present u s ually contain enough for one man only. Let us see a test with three or four casualties, and only time for one, or the important things on four. Thi s is real life, and certainly more interesting to the Competition spectators than some of the drearier routine tests we sometimes have to sit through, when all bandages as shown in the book must be applied to gain full marks. Indeed, with more than one casualty, as quite often happens, it is ba sic first aid that saves lives, not getting a lot of frills done in a short time. " A good first aider is one who does little well," to quote my ex-Divisional Surgeon.
But why have Competitions at all? so me will say. If I may repeat A .S. O. J. W. Pope' s earlier comments at this meeting:
I It affords pecialised training for all members of the team.
2. The opportunity arises for training with made-up casualties.
3. Making a diagnosis with made-up and trained casualties i as near to the real thing as is possible.
4. The complete care of the patient throughout is proved by the perusal of the marking sheet after the competition.
S. To train together in all aspects of First Aid is the easiest and s urest way of st udying the First Aid Manual.
I think these comments fully justify competitions.
Now a few words about blood.
Looking around at the medal ribbons, I can see that mo t of you have een plenty. Well , I was not old enough to see active ervice during the war, and the younger members in the Brigade hardly know what entailed in the carnage of war. The result is you can serve St. John 's for years without knowing what a messy horrible injury look like until there it is, one cold wet night on the motorway, and yo u are the only First Aider. "Would I panic?", the (Colilililled Oil page 22)
P. W. Jackson
P. W. Jackson
SERVICE
The Blue Arrow , Suffolk
Ipswich Area Ambulance and Nursi ng mem bers regu lar ly attend matches at the Ipswich Town football ground
This duty has been extended tc accompanying supporters to away games. The supporters hire a special train, The Blue Arrow, and two Ambulance and one Nursing member go with them. Their presence on the train is announced over the public address system before the train leaves. Among the cases treated have been grazes, foreign bodies in eyes, fainting and sickness. The report states that it is whispered that occasionally "broken hearts" have to be treated on the return journey. The Secretary of the Ipswich Town Supporters' Association, Mr. Garnham, expressed the Association' great appreciation of this service.
THREE MEMBERS on a recent trip to Birmingham. The Scheme has been made possible by close and very full co-operation by all concerned, which included consultation with the other Brigade Commissioners when the escorts would be visiting their territories. The Suffolk members much appreciate the fact that members of other counties meet them at the station and take them to the grollnd where they help the local contingents.
BEING PREPARED FOR ACCIDENT RELEASE
By BEN R. JARMAN, D.S.G. (Cadets) (A), Yorkshire) West Riding District
It all too frequently happens that a Brigade Member comes on the scene of an accident before the arrival of tbe Emergency Services and he is faced not only with casualties but perhaps with a "rescue operation " as well. He if wis.e, have essential First Aid equipment WIth hIm In hIS car, but further lives might be saved if a minimum of "rescue tools" were readily available also.
Mem bers of the Briga de, w h o a re ow n er- d rivers, mjg h t co nsid er eq uip ping the i r cars or vans to dea l with the ever-in creasing nu mber of r oad acci den ts invo l vi ng tra pp ed persons.
We are reading daily of the growing number of road accidents, including those on our Motorways, in which the first essent.ial to get into the vehicle before any form of. examwatlOn <?f the casualties can take place. I.n certaw dangerous Circumstances, indeed, the casualties may well have to be "rescued" immediately (fire, fumes and water, etc.), in order to save their lives. So we have .to. into" the vehicle, treat the casualty where thIS IS mdlcated and sometimes to "rescue" him fr?m the tangle of metal and machinery. In order to do thiS, we must have the basic training in the elements of rescue/release and we must also have some basic ·'rescue tools."
It sho ul d not be too difficu lt for the D ivisional Superi nte nd ent to arrange a vo lu ntary short co urse on E lements of Accident Re lease," Or it might be easier to arrange a Corps or even an Area Course
The best qualified, I would think, to give this instruction.' would be 9fficer of the Fire Brigade and professlOnal , so that the best use might be made of. tools avaIlable, to reach the casualty with the of delay and to rescue if the circumstances Indicate It i emphasised that the Brigade man must be in the Fir t Aid required for the types of most commonly encountered in casualties trapped m crashed vehicles, and also in "basic rescue."
NOTTS
PICTURE SHOWS: Front Roll' (Left to right), N / M H. Gladwill, D / O (Cadets) V. Goacher, D/ S (Cadets) M. Stapletol/, D / S M. Mills, D / O B. Blower, N / M W. Richardson. Middle ROlli (Left to right), N / Ms H. Lee and A. Englo lld: Sgt. D. Moorhouse, Cpl. M. Soxb ) N / Ms G. Davies and P. Make/llo ll> Back ROlli (Left to right), N / Ms H Beadle, L. Tebbett (ex-cadet), V. Odlen, R. Haynes, B. Lee, M. Pakulski and K. Burton. They are members of the WORKSOP NURSING DIVI SION and last year gave J ,673 hours of volulltor), duty. Most of the hours were spent helping the physically handicapped at the Worksop Centre.
The w.riter has made. some .research into the attempts .reachmg the casualties which could be made in the hVltal few moments" immediately after a road accident B and BEFORE the arrival of the Fire d Pollce and Ambulance Authorities and has heSlgned the "ACCIDENT RELEASE KIT" pictured . ere. Many Brigade Officers and Members a Superof a County Ambulance Service ;nd garage are among those who have shown great Interest m the "kit" and the container.
DESC RIPTIO N
anIhe container is turdily built o( tin. (minimum) wood A· d" there are. two compartments,. one marked "First "A ·dand the ltd of the larger sectlOn has the wording CCI. ent. Release Kit" in large two-inch letters. The Itself could be fin ished in bright orange or one o t e new "reflective" paints. Rubber feet are fitted on corners of the large base and also on the side CbPtOslte to the carryi ng handle, to protect the case and fron: .wet r?ad . The "rescue tools" are held of bY hln POSItIon WIth Terry Tool Clips and the lids ot compartments open outwards. Note: "Presletta" 21
dry trans!er lettering, obtainable in many sizes, is ideal for markwg the case.
The advantage of this combined First Aid and Rescue Kit is that it can be stowed easily either on its base or side, in the boot of the car 0; at the rear of an estate-type vehicle and can be carried-complete-right up to the scene of the accident. The cost of the con(less eq.uipment), and made by a professional ]omer-approximately £3 10 ., but would work out cheaper if made at home.
CON T ENTS
First A id Secti o n: Essenti.al and basic equipment suggested here, compnsed mamly of sealed sterile dressof various s.izes and triangular bandages, the aim bemg. to deal perhaps many serious injuries as speedIly as possIble as encountered in multiple car pile-ups especially on our Motorways.
"Acci de n t R e lease" Sectio n : The contents could include the following tools, etc.-small sharp axe, heavy hammer, hack- and spare blades, small wrecking bar, large screw dnver (u eful for removing leads from certain type o.f adjustable panner, a wrench, red warmng lIght WIth. rotating dome, and protective gloves. A small torch IS mounted inside the main lid to illuminate the contents in the dark, an extra torch can be mounted here too, along with a mall fire-extinguisher of the non-toxic type.
The carries further item of equipment in the back of hIS estate-car and these include blankets a .groundsheet, ropes, a tow-line, two extra flreextmgUlshers and an additional First Aid outfit to deal with a variety of injuries where time is not an important factor. The contents of the "kit" are being constantly revised and readers will be able to add to the list.
All this will take some effort, time and money but will be worth the trouble, if by our forethought re cue efforts, one life can be saved.
If a ny rea der is int er es te d in th e d imensi o ns an d o t h e r de ta il s of t h is container, I will be p l ease d to s uppl y t hese as So o n as p oss i b le (s a e., p lease!)
Enquiries to Mr. Jarman. The Man e. Cowling near Keighley, Yorkshire.
"ACCIDENT RELEASE KIT"
CADET NEWS
From North Riding, Yorkshire
Despite the snow and terrible conditions in the North Riding in February the work of St. John goes on.
Congratulations to Mark Spence of the Stockton and Thornaby Ambulance Cadet Division who submitted the winning entry in the recent poster competition.
Rescue Exercise
An uninformed observer couldn t have been blamed if he thought there had been a major disaster in the woods of Grewelthorpe, near Masham, on Sunday, November 17. Teams of stretcher bearers could be seen carrying casualties at various points on a steep wooded hillside and through derelict buildings. Nothing was really amiss as Cadets of the North Riding and West Riding (N.E. Area) were holding a Stretcher and Rescue Exercise.
With four completely different sections to the competition, teams had to undertake virtually every form of lift and carry in the manual. 1967 saw our first introduction to this type of competition and now we have tasted realistic conditions we hope that it will not only become an annual event but that the idea will spread to our Adult Divisions.
Although the support from North Riding Divisions was disappointing we feel that it was well worth while and thoroughly enjoyed. Well done, Scarborough Nursing Cadets in gaining the " Morley Cup" for leading N .R. teams.
Our thanks are due to the West Riding Staff Officers for their help with the organisation and to the numerous judges without whose help the event could not have been run. IIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
The use of any particular appliance, equipment, medicament or preparation advertised in the "Review" is not necessarily endorsed for first aid purposes. IIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Training to Face an Accident-cont. from p. 19 younger member asks himself. Let him find out in the safety of his own Depot. Then try him in a mock accident in a local street or factory, or any unusual situation-only make sure you clear the exercise with the Police if it is to take place in a public place. It is surprising how good make-up and acting will send the public running to ring 999!
You cannot achieve any measure of realism without skilled injury simulation and a trained casualty. A casualty who screams with pain when his " broken" femur is roughly handled, and does not ruin the exercise by laughing and giggling whilst being examined, is absolutely essential. I consider good casualty simulation to be 25 % make-up and 75 % acting, in the case of the conscious casualty.
It quite often happens that the man who will not enter competitions at any price, will make first-cla ss material for casualty simulation. Try him. But let 's also try and get all our members trained as casualties. Correct reactions teach First Aid to Casualty as well as to First Aider. Consider how much interest could be added to your Drill nights by giving all members a responsible role in training.
The sights, sounds and smells of many injuries can be most unnerving. Let the First Aider learn to face up to them in a planned exercise where it is not a question of Life and Death.
Wi§he§ for a God=child
By courtesy of Mr. Cy ril Flet cher , and Miss Joanna Scott-Mon crieff and the B.B.C.
Well, you funny , red , wizened little scrap of humanit y, you don t look very pleased with life at the moment. And any cynic will tell you that there is very little in thi s life to be pleased about. My first wish for you is that you should disagree with this. My first wish for you i that you should find a great deal in this life to be pleased with, There i , thank God, a great deal to be plea se d with.
So I would like you to have a happy disposition. [ want you to be an optimist. I want you to be a gay, happy man, Because of this you will make friends easily. And friend s are helping hand through life .
I want you to be able to appreciate everything around you, to be an observer. To be able to s top and stare and enjoy the magic. As Blake , the poet says, to "k i the joy as it flies. "
I want you to choose a job you will enjoy. So much of your life will be spent working that it i terribly imp ortant that you should be happy in your work. That way you do good work. I don't want yo u ever to say, " If only 1 had done this job, or that job, 1 would be happy." If you have a vision, a secret ambition to do, for goodness sake have a stab at it. If it succeeds, what joy, what heaven if you fail, at least you have had a try and will know yo ur limi· tations.
I wish that you should have compassion. To feel the joys and the anguish of others. To share and alleviate their troubles, and sufferings. To lend a helping hand. Never to be knowingly cruel or hurtful. There will be enough troubl es without adding to them
I want you to lead a life of good report. When you are a little older you will become a citadel. A unique being A person entirely alone ... who even your wife and mother will not completely know. You alone will know your elf. Humble yourself on occasion perhaps, but always respect yourself entirely. I was terribly up se t once one day to ee dozing by a city grating, a mere bearded bundle of clothes, grateful for the warmth coming from some underground cafe kitchen. What tragic history had thi s poor soul? What had caused the slow disintegration of this man, who at one time mu s t have had his own dignity and respect for hiJ11' self? I wish that you shall never lo se your self-respect.
A most important wish and perhaps the mo st important wish of all: I want you to love. This way you will enlarge your whole existence. You will care for others. You will become involved with other. You will give yourself to and for others, and by loving you will become beloved You will then be on your way to being a Christian- tha t's really the only wish I need have for you For all the other wishes follow-you will be happy, yo u will appreciate the wor ld around you, you will make friends easily, yoU wi ll lead a life of good report, and have compas ion for others.
So, after all , I need have only one wish for you, yoU funny little speck of humanity- my wish is that yo u should be a complete Christian.
I OBITUARIES I
It is with the deepest regret that the deaths of the following members of St. John are announced: -
DR. JACQUES KOENIG DISTRICT SURGEON, MAURITIUS
It was with deep regret that we learned at Headquarters of the tra g ic death of Dr. Jacques Koeni g at the age of ?5. Dr: KoeOlg had been involved in a serious car .accldent.m November, 1968 He appeared to be a. at! factory recovery, but a month later lung comphcatlOl!s set in and he died on Christmas Eve. was the son of the former Leader of the Partl Maunclen He himself had been Divisional Surgeo n, John Ambulance Brig ade from 1964 to 1968 Surgeon s ince May, 1968. He was educated 111 !'1auntl!ls and at Dublin , an d was for many year an InfluentIal member of the Mauritius Private Medical an d Dental A s ociation. In the s ummer of 1968 he the Mauri tius Medical Profession at an lJ1ternatlOnal conference in Australia. He was a very popular figure in Mauritius and was to have been married in December. We extend our sympathy to his fiancee and to all hi colleagues an d fnends in Mauritiu
Mr. Barton, Di visio nal Superintendent Wel wyn and Codlcote Combined Divi sio n , HeTt s. rr. G. Beaton, Bridgebouse Ambulance Divi sio n YorkshIre.
Mrs Broughton, former Superintendent, Earby NUlsmg DIVI SIo n , Lancs.
Mrs. Amy Brench, Slough Nur ing Divi s ion Buck.
Mr. Albert W. Superintendent, Heald wood Skegby, Sutton-In-Ashfield.
Miss Phyllis Carruthers Matron Llanidloe Hospital, Wel shpool. ,
Miss Winifred on.' Divi ional Superintendent, Rushden NurSing DIVI SIon Northants.
MSr. Compton, Divi s ional Officer of lford and omerford AIC DIVI SIon , Hant s.
DrS' Charles Corfield, former Medical Superintendent underland General Hospital , Co. Durham
Dr. Wd iII!am. Shives Coutts, former Corps Surgeon, Tipton an Dl stnct Corp, Staffs.
MN · J.ulia former Vice-Pres ident, New Milton lIrslng DIVI SIo n, Hant s.
iNiss !: M Divi sio nal Officcr, Blackpoo[ "A" Ulsmg DIVI SIon , Lancs.
Jess!e I?rury, former Corps Superintendent (N) elby and Dlstnct Corps.
DrR · Evans, former anaestheti t, Abery tv.yth General ospltal, Wales.
Brentwood Ambulance Division , E sex
M rs. Aune) Gotch, Kettering Nur ing Divi ion, Northant rs. Ellen (" D t " ) G '11 f S JAB 0 renv. e, ormer Chairman of Sprowston
1\1 Parent s' Committee, Norfolk
r. " B t" H D ' . ayle, founder member of Ludlow Ambulance IVISlon, Shrop hire.
MH H.i1ton, for many year a member of the South e on Collle ry Ambulance Divi s ion Co Durhalll
J\US M ' ' F'· B. Holbrough, Vice-President of Walton and nnton Combined Divi ion, Essex.
23
Mr. Harold Horn, Superintendent (A), South Western Area, W R ., York s.
Mr Sidney R. Hull, former Divi s ional Superintendent Wl s bech Ambulance Division , Cambs. '
Mr. Hutterby, Security Officer, Laporte Fire Brigade and tutor to S.l.A.B., Lincs
Dr. W. Isbister, Manchester, 30 years service to St. John Ambulance , Lancs.
Mr. W. J. James, former Di v is ional Superintendent A.D and for 25 years in charge of the Lougho; Mll1er s rescue sta tion.
Dr. D. M. MacManus , former Organiser of No.1 London Area. Home Guard Medical Service and lecturer and examll1er to the voluntary First Aid Organisations London DI striCt.
Miss Doris Elsie Mead, M.B.E., former member of the Epsom Di visio n and Officer in charge of Cadet s London Dl stncl.
Mr. A. Mill, Tavi tock Ambulance Division Plymouth, S.W. Devon and E. Cornwall.
Miss Dori Mitche)] after 30 years service in the Brigade in York.
Mr. George A. Mossop, Area Staff Officer, Southern Area Staffs. )
Mr. Arthur Nutton, former Cadet Officer, Sowerby Bridge St. lohn Ambulance , York s.
Dr. Tom Logan Oliver, former Divi sio nal Surgeon Thetford Ambulance Division Norfolk.
Dr. B. A. Protheroe, former Divi sio nal Surgeon Briton Ferry Ambulance Di visio n, Wale
Mr. George Sankey, founder member of Bridgnorth St. John Ambulance, Shropshire.
Mrs. Annie Radcliffe who joined the Brigade in Sowerby 80 years ago, Yorks.
Mr. William Radcliffe of Blackburn A socia tion and Brigade Lanc. '
Dr. J. H. Richmond, Area Surgeon, South Staffordshire.
Mr. Walter Schofield, former County Cadet Officer Es ex after 39 years' ervice. ' , 1\Jr. Scott Napier, v. ife of a former County Surgeon Norfolk.
Mr. Charles Simpson, County Secretary, Sussex.
Mr. Trevor R. H. Smith, former President, North Bournemouth S.J.A.B.
Mr : Smith, founder member of the Ludlow Nursing DIVI Sion , Shrop hire.
Mr. " Sam " Smith, Di strict Staff Officer, London.
Mr. William JO.hn (Jack) Stephens, British Rail , Ashchurch, Glollce ter hire.
1\Jr. Frank Ward, who was for many year in charge of the Sl. John Ambulance Transport Section in Leicester City.
Miss Alice founder member of No. 15 , llford Nul' 109 Dlvl JOn.
Mrs. Gladys B. Wheeler, Clifton Nursing Division Bristol.
Mr. T. Whiting, former member of Northampton H.Q. DIVI Ion and holder of the Imperial Service Medal after 40 years' service with the G.P O.
Dr . . Williams, examiner and in tructor S.l A.A., Rlddll1g , Derb yshire.
1\Jr. Charles William Wrightson of Hull , York E.R.
Mr. G.e?rge Williams, Superintendent, Crowhill Ambulance DIVISIon , Plymouth, S.W. Devon and E. Cornwall.
Mr. Jack White, President of the Haddi coe Ambulance Cadets, Norfolk.
Mr. Le lie Walter, Dean Court, Bournemouth , Hant
Miss Ida former Superintendent, Sowerby Bndge Nursmg DIVISion , York.
Dear Editor, "Cadets and the Adult Divisions," "Review," November, 1968
I should like to take up the argument provoked by this article. The views I shall express are entirely my own: in parts they concur with Damon, but mostly they difIer.
Perhaps I could commence by commenting on the article as a whole. Although written with sincerity, I must criticise the fact that it was too long, and many times strayed from the point. Parts of the article appeared to have no bearing at all on the subject. In addition, there were some comments which made no sense, e.g., the paragraph suggesting "Cadets should only be taught the rudiments."
Whilst criticising the article in general, I should like to question the qualifications of the author. He excuses his writing this article with the suggestion that he is qualified to do so because he is a grandfather! So all people who are grandfathers are not "middle-aged squares?" Or all "middle-aged squares" are not grandfathers? Or what! The simple fact of being a grandfather. in my estimation, confers no right upon anybody to write such a damning article about Cadets.
ow to answer some of the points raised. Despite his assertion to the contrary, it would appear that Damon resents the role of the Divisional Superintendent of Cadets as a Youth Leader.
He states: "All of us must realise that the Cadet organisation exists solely as a means of fostering the primary purposes." May I refer him to Brigade Regulations 7B (a)-(f). These clearly define the objects of the Cadet movement. He will find that there is a lot more embodied in these Regulations than the teaching of First Aid, including a regulation which says that the Cadet movement must provide "All the facilities of a National Youth Organisation."
I am sorry for Damon that he appears to have run into over-enthusiastic Cadets. Perhaps before he flung the mud-pie, he should have considered his examples more carefully to see where the blame lay. He told of the Cadet being lectured by a "dour and dedicated Divisional Officer." May I humbly suggest that a possible reason for the Cadet ("one of my best boys") playing with a yo-yo was doing so because the speaker was a "dour and dedicated Divisional Officer," whose talk was not very interesting. No mention is made of what the other bovs were doing at the time. Were they all behaving like -little angels?
Damon claims to admit that the "fault" (whatever that may be) does not lay only with the Cadets. However, I feel that it is only fair to point out that in the same paragraph he attempts to suggest that this is not so.
Perhaps I could venture a little suggestion (I realise that I am not qualified to do so as although I have nine years Brigade experience in, and with Cadets, I am not a grandfather, and must therefore be a middle-aged square despite the fact that I am only 20!)
Instead of saying to the Cadet who wants experience "Not just now, sonny!" you could explain the situation with a few gentle words about "a woman's feelings," etc. I feel that this would have created a much better atmosphere, and would have secured another CadetAdult bond .
Please do not misunderstand me, Damon, I am not suggesting that all Cadets are angels. Some are far from it (we all have our black sheep) and all Cadets are (usually) healthy active boys and girls. All who are really interested in their work are usually thirsting for more knowledge and more experience.
They are not interested in "just learning the rudi24
ments ." Damon credits the Cadets with the ability to di tinguish a Calles from a sprain. They would also be able to tell h i m that the treatment i lIot the same. Perhaps Damon should revi e his book quickly otherwise he will find himself "failing, or just scrambling through his re-exam."
J like his suggestion that all Officer econded to Cadets should be "stepped down a pip" and that their duty "be equalled to that oC, say. 1 ransport Officer." This is a perfect example of his ignorance of the ab?Ul which he ha written (and-may I say It again-In which he claim to be qualified) 1 suggest that he ask a local Superintendent of Cadet if he could spend si'( month s w i th his Division as an observer. I also suggest that anybody else who feels the same way should do the same.
Damon suggests that enior members of the Adult Division be u ed as instructor of Cadets. Senior in rank or senior in age'? a matter, for in most Division s they are probably the same. person Do these men and women really have the ability to create an enthu lastlc approach to the Subjects ? Can they really move with the times and keep up with fast moving youngsters. perhaps half a century younger? I do not ay that some cannot there is an exception to every rule If Damon was fun· ning a Cadet Division and acted the way he suggests, he would never be able "to install respect for all St. John stands for. and an enthusiasm in Cadets, etc." My con· tention is that you must work in with the Cadets and become a really efficient instructor in order to gain their respect. When you have done this, you will not need to concentrate your efforts on getting them to follow the cause. You follow the cause, and they will follow you. This is called leadership.
There are many more points 1 would like to take up but I have not the time nor the space to do so. I will settle for one more comment. The impression gained from this article is that Damon thinks that he is still in tbe Services , and would like the Brigade run on the same lines. In fact he even suggests this in one of the closing paragraphs. It is a pity that qvil closed down- this would have been the Ideal organisation for Damon.
To summarise. may I say tbat Damon chose a nam e to suit his character. I th ink a true definition of "Damon" would be "A wanderer-backwards."
1 am sorry that this letter is so long. J have only one fear and that is that my criticisms may have ofIended some very good friend of mine, who ha written this purely as a hoax.
RICHARD
G.
FARREl L, Dagenham Ambulance Division,
Dear Editor,
I was interested to read the article on "Cadets and the Adult Divi ions" in the ovember issue and would like to offer some further thoughts:
(a) The problem of transferring cadets to adult sions is a thorny one and J wonder if the following will help: No single cadet to be transferred to a division of much older members, rather wait until there are two or three cadets to be transferred together Wben tbey are transferred a member is appointed to look after them introduce them. be a friendl y face, and satisfy that they are being intro duced to their new role responsibly. Not on I) allow but instruct them to deal with patients al soon as possible.
(b) The Brigade has just rid itself of the view. that the member with the longest service is the next candJda!e for promotion, but now the same princil?le. In a new guise. The purpose of an aSSOCiatIOn certificate is to demonstrate the possession of knowledge and woe the day that this ceases to be, for people will th e confidence that is so vital for the holder if he IS to
(Cantin lied on facing page)
COMPETITION
Marking Sheets
Twenty sets (one team and two individual) of each of the National First Aid Final Competitions for 1969 will be available.
The complete set, dispatched in December 1969, costs £2 lOs.
Individual sets, dispatched immediately after a competition, cost £3 (20 sets in all).
PLEASE INFORM COMPETITION SECRETARY AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AS SUPPLIES ARE LIMITED
A few single sets at 3s. may be available for specific competitions-again-early orders, please. Enquiries to: Competition Secretary, St. John Ambulance, 1, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S,W.l. Tel.: 01-235 5231.
EXPOSURE AND SURVIVAL
Cont. from page 5 toms of this are loss of appetite, a feeling of unreality, headaches, nausea, vomiting, and tingling of the extremities. The symptoms reach a maximum in 48 hours and may last for as long as a week. Extra potassium is given for this condition but its efIect is uncertain. A drug called Diamox which causes the patient to pass more water is also given.
TREATMENT OF EXPOSURE
In the field
A patient sufIering from exposure will have very cold extremities in order to preserve the warmth in the core of the body. It is essential therefore, that in transporting a l1atient to base, no attempt should be made to warm UI1 the extremities with hot-water bottles or rubbing. This will precipitate a sudden surge of circulation to the surface and the relatively warmer blood from the core will be drawn out and cooled further. When this cold returns to the brain, heart and lungs, it will result lfi mental deterioration, loss of muscular co-ordination, and eventually to unconsciousness, heart and respiratory failure, and death. The patient should be put into a sleeping bag or covered with whatever protection is available. The warmth of another person lying beside hi!11 will help greatly. He hould be protected from wllld, rain, or snow, by wind proof material. If he is fit he may be given chocolate or sugar or a hot dr.lllk if available. If re piration ceases, artificial respirattOn by the mouth-to-mouth method must be carried out. In transporting patients the head down position must be used if practicable as this helps the blood to get to the brain.
On reaching base
For the conscious patient a hot bath a soon as possible IS thc best treatment. He will be able to get into a bath he could not bear hi hands in normally. That is 50 c.; wherea normally the hotte t bath you can IS 45 deg. C. The temperature will rise quicker IU h a hot bath than with blanket, although it has been s ow.n that the patients with exposure admitted to hospItal survive, whatever form of treatment is given to them.
. In conclusion may I say that for tlIi article I am pndcbted to the following lecturers: Dr. L. G. C. E. F ugh, M.B., B.M., B.eh., Dr. I. M. Milledge, M.D., .R.C.P.E, and Surgeou Rear-Admiral Stanley Miles, Q.II.P., M.Sc., D.T.M. I hope I have interpreted thcIr rcmarks accurately; and also to a leaflet on ex&osure which my son brought back from the Outward ound Course at E kdalc.
A ST. JOHN AMBULANCE CADET
By Miss Cathy Bunn, S.R.N. Nm·sing Officer, Billingham Ambulance Cadet Div.
S is for smart, this a Cadet should be, T i for try to do this willingly.
J is for St. John, he founded the Brigade, o is for the Order, world-wide he has made, H is for healthy in body and mind, Never be cruel, always be kind.
A is for aid, given to people in need, but Medical Aid mu t be obtained with speed, B is for better, that's what we try to be, U for the uniform we wear so proudly.
L for the lives we try to maintain,
A for ability to relieve people from pain, N is for nursing,
C is for care.
Enduring difficulties we must share.
C is for children, girls and boys, Already too old for playing with toys. Dres sing up, but not for fun. Excited, for adventure has begun. Taking a]] thi and writing it a one,
It' s the making of a Cadet in the Order of St. J aIm.
25
Letters- cont. from page 24
instil confidence in his patient. And does the completion of 15 year ervice (even in a minority of case) mean that a member /,/lOH'S how to give an injection'? Talking of disparity, 1 will agree that whilst we have to hold the Higher First Aid Certificate for ambulance work it would appear more logical to exchange the a-touch Technique for the Admini tration of Oxygen.
(c) Lack of respect for Brigade ranks has probably been with u for many year in i alated in tances but only over the last few year has it been of uch prevalence, and I correlate thi with the ending of National Service. Being in pos e ion of a Brigade Commis ion. and al a one of the fir t to e cape this ordeal, I am po sibly well placed to say that, fir tly, for an officer to lead men succes fully he must be respected. and secondly. he will only be re pected if his leadership is efficient and ambitious (for his unit. not himself). As individuals are we not aware of thi in other spheres of life? Even so, I feel there will till be local difficultie , of what use is freedom to a teenager? -y ou can't rebel against it!
I would be interested to hear other views on thi problem which is now so widespread and controver ial.
M. DE LARA, Divi ional Officer. Haslemere Ambulance Divi ion.
(Sheffield)
University of Bristol Union
Basic First Aid-Medical Aid
By J. M. PARK REGIONAL AMBULANCE SECRETARY
The term "Medical Aid" means treatment by a doctor, not necessarily at the site of accident or illness, but in hospital or at home. It is necessary,
therefore, to make a quick, ensible appreciation
of the injuries and general condition of a patient and then decide what "Medical Aid" is needed,
headings,
I. Telephone for a Doctor.
2. Telephone for an Ambulance- remove to hospital.
3. Send him home and advise to have his doctor vi it him there.
In re pect of these the following guidance is given: -
(I) When injuries are severe or sudden illness appears to be serious get an Ambulance. DO NOT waste valuable time telephoning for a doctor, it i likely he will be out visiting his own patients. If and when a doctor is obtained he will probably order the removal of patient to hospital anyway.
(2) When sending for an Ambulance- give the exact location, or as near as pos ible- state the number of patients and mention if injury or condition is serious.
(3) If patient is able to go home, make sure someone goes with him 0 that hi relatives can be informed what happened, and that they ad vise his doctor.
The nature of injury / illness will determine the priority in getting "Medical Aid" for a patient, if It has to be hospital REMEMBER: -
Ambulance J ourney
Jf hospital is near- DO NOT keep the Ambulance wai ting.
Give the minimum First Aid.
Keep the airway clear.
Be ready to control bleeding which may recur. sure bandage on limbs are not becomin-g too tight.
DO NOT give fluids - an operation may be necessary.
Advise Driver of urgency to get to ho ' pi tal. conclusion, REMEMBER, you are not ju ' t 219 dealing with injuries or sudden illness, the people W!lO befall uch misfortune are HUMAN BEINGS feelings - so- handle them gent ly- move them as little as possihle and carefully rcassure thcm. 40Q., 27
The effect of a little kindness does much to assist recovery.
This completes the six articles on Basic First Aid, published particularly with "Non First Aiders" in mind. It is hoped interest has been stimulated and a desire created to learn more about the subject.
In the London Midland Region we have 250 Classes actively engaged teaching First Aid and it would be a pleasure to accommodate you in a class near your place of employment or home. To the "unconverted" DON'T DELAY- JOIN TODA Y - a line to the Regional Ambulance Secretary, Melton House, Watford, LMR.2, is all that is necessary to ensure your membership in an active First Aid Organi ation.
(By cuurtesy uf " British Tral/spurt Pulic e Juurnal ." )
THE RAILWAY CONVALESCENT HOMES
YOU SAFEGUARD PROPERTY WHY NOT SAFEGUARD YOUR HEALTH TOO- IT IS FAR MORE PRECIOUS
MEMBERSHIP OF THE RAILWAY CONVALESCENT HOMES ONLY COSTS Sd. A WEEK AND THIS INCLUDES YOUR WIFE AS WELL
A FORTNIGHT AT ONE OF THESE HOMES AFTER SICKNESS MAY MEAN ALL THE DIFFERENCE TO YOUR HEALTH FOR YEARS AFTERWARDS
Full particulars gladly supplied on application toTHE SECRETARY
THE RAILWAY CONVALESCENT HOMES
HIGH BRIDGE HOUSE
93-96 HIGH STREET
UXBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX
Telephone: Uxbridge 35567-8 or YOUR DEPARTMENTAL OFFICE
APPEALS CORNER
By
Colonel W. L. R. Benyon, Appeals Organiser
It is very much regretted that, for reasons beyond our control, the Fashion Show and Lunch at Guildhall, which should have taken place on May 29, 1969, has had to be cancelled.
To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John, 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1.
Please supply / renew* St. John Review
commencing with the issue
I enclose 17/ - for 1 year Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John.
Name
Address
REVIEW
Compiled by W. A. Pott er CLASSIFIED
ADVERTISING AGENTS
T. G. Scott & Son Ltd., I, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W C.2. (Tel. : 01-242 6264)
FOR SALE
'.J.A U Hadge Wall Shields, 35s 6d.; SJ A.ll. Goltl Cased Crested Cuff Links, 63s. Medal ribbons I s. 6d. ribboll on buckram for sewing on uniform, 2s each ribbon mounted on pin brooch: Re gulation mountcd 3s. 6d per medal on brooch Miniatures 4uotcd for. - MONTAGUE JEFFER Y. Outfitter, St. (jilcs Street. Northampton . (4)
BALL-PENS , Di a rie s, Note P a d s, Ke ys, Fobs Pencil s. etc., Gold-stamped Bri ga de n a me or Perso n a l name s rai e fund s quickl y- easily. Det a il s-Norlhern Novelties, Bradford, 2. (22)
TROPHY CUPS. BAZAARS. GARDEN FETES. SPORTS E VENTS , etc. Send for our catalogue Fund Rai se rs. Balloon Race s. Perfume Cards. Fancy Good s. Toy s. Carnival Hat s. Novelti es, etc. Al so now available: Lounge Dining and Bedroom Suites, Carpets, all types of Light Fittings and Shades, etc. ALL AT WHOLESALE TRADE PRICES Larges t s upplier s in the country. SW1NNERTONS LTD. , Dept. R.O. , Union Street, Wal sa ll. (23)
1. Take pamphlet on ancient tombs for motor nen e fibres of brain and spinal cord?
9. Without a break
10. Symptom of some who attain dizzy height s?
11. He died on examination for wood-wind instrument.
12. Naturally an attempt to remove irritant from the all passages.
13. General and local anae thetic u sed together in fe tivit)
16 No car i possible from drug-induced sleep.
17 Spreads news and rumour round the hospital.
J 9. Drink of milk and wine to regurgitate in babyi h wa\
2J. Lewd script on the gums is indicative of lead poisoning
24. Of poor physique.
25 Take first aid, then there will be five before us fOI contagious disease
26. A s hilling with Roman dirt and impurities.
29. One line s haped to facial deformity of leprosy.
30. Twist a tail in European.
DOWN
UP TO 30 0/0 DISCOUNT on branded CARPETS
WILTON, AXMINSTER, ORIENTALS, Etc. FREE delivery U.K. Chinese, Indian, Persian Carpets and Rugs a speciality. Expert fitting arranged if required. Write stating requirements or for introduction to showrooms-LONDON or MAIN cities DODSON-BULL CARPET CO., LTD.
Showrooms: 6 Old Bailey, London, E CA 01-2487971 (10 lines) 83-89 Blackett St., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Tel: 20321 or 21428 55-61, Lever Street, Manchester I Tel: 061-236 3687 8/ 9 (II)
3td. EACH ! - PRINTED BALL POINT PENS 144 Conway Stewart Ba ll Pens die-stamped In gold with your Brigade or Charity for only 39s.; 144 Pencil s 35s. Plea se print your s logan (MaXimum 30 letters), and a dd 4 s. 6d. standard carriage. - 1. E. THOMAS & SON (C utfley) LTD. , 2a, Hand sworth Road, London, N.17. ( 17)
" BALL PE S FOR FU 0 RAISING ."- We supply die-stamped ball pens with your Brigad e name. etc. at competitive wholesale rates. - THOMPSON & CRE IGHTON, 202, Heaton Road , Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 6. (24)
FOR SALE. MORRIS LD4/ WADHAM 'S AMBULANCE 1962 70 ,000 miles. In good condition. Wad ham' s patent s tretcher gear. Offer s to: Mr. NEWLAN, Caterham Di visio n , 63 Torwood Lane Wh yte leafe, Surrey (21 )
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON. E.C.l
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates ac cepted at the age of 17 to commence a n 18 months course of training as Ophth a lmic Students, Moorfield s Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped School of Nur ing. Successful candidates, on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice. Comfortable Nur s es' Home in Kensington within easy reach of the AI bert Hall, Victoria and Albert Mu se um and Theatre Tenni s Court. Active Social Club.
Application s in writing to the M atron.
31. High blood s ugar of untreated diabetic. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 14 15. 18 20. 22. 23. 27. 28.
Descr ibe exactly s tudent s s howing a sig n of opiu n poi so ning
Ran with a hundred to our inten se resentment.
Only a speck, but painful in the eye. Seeing double.
Wa s hing out the s tomach or colon.
Very scarce and not well-done.
Old-fa s hioned protection for the back and chest.
The crisis of thi s acute lung infection is se ldom seer nowaday s.
Face giving nothing away.
Part of the sept um of the no se. Commonly a painful complication of 8 down.
Nerve s carrying impul ses to the brain.
One it s upon it s tubero s ity
The curate's malodorou s food - in parts at any rale
Survivc bad back
Vol ca nic product from two s mall Amcrican s tates.
ORGANISERS OF BAZAARS , FETES AND FUNDS
We welcome both personal buyers and m a il orders for OUf range of toys and stationery a t wholesa le pnces. Send for price lists . Also pre -s elected parcels : 144 Toys, or 72 Is. Toys; or 38 Is. lid. Toys, or Toys Is. lId. to 5s. lid .; or Selection A sorted tatlOnery. Each parcel 54s., plus 4s. 6d. po s tagc. Two or more parcels 6s. postage.- J. E. THOMAS & SO (Cuffley) lTD 2a, Handsworth Road, london, N 17 (18)
SUPPORT STOCKINGS and relief for all leg troubles. Shecr and fashionable appearance. Perfect goo d s at amazing low. prices See October, November, or December ISsues for details, or write: CilIa Jane Hosiery Co ltd., 53-55, London Road , Cowplain, PortsRant s Requests for liter a ture and quantit y _ ISCOunt s welcomed. (16)
Classified Rates:
Semi-display, £3 10s s c.i. (minimum £1 10s.) Non-Trade, 9d per word (minimum 10s.)
You and thousands more of us - ordinary men and W0111enn1ay now give sight to someone who is, at this n10ment, blind.
Because this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back their vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
Eyes of all colours are equally valuable, and it does not n1atter if you have worn spectacles for years.
If you are not as young as you were, do not feel that your offer will be less valuable. Strangely enough, it will be lTIOre so: the eyes of older people are even better for this purpose.
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shall benefit, it is essential that there should be many more willing donors than will ever be called upon.
dan
Mark all co rr espo nden ce "C ORN EAL G RAFTING " addressed to: The Director-General , The Roy a l National In st itute for the Blind , 224 Great Portl a nd Street, London , W.l.
His Majesty King Hu sse in of J or
has donated his eyes 10 the Order's Ophthalmi c H ospital in J eru salem.
Problems disappear on the Complan course
The elderly have a lot of problems. Often they get dispirited, feel drained of energy and can't be bothered with food. Why should they, when their teeth and digestion are poor, their appetites non-existent? Tea and soft toast fills them up. But it's not nourishment, and they become too tired, too depressed to face their problems. Complan I3reaks the vicious circle. Com plan gives the elderly complete nourishment , in less time, with less effort, than it takes to make tea. A daily cup of Complan enriches inadequate diets without upsetting delicate digestions. Well-nourished on Complan, faces lighten , steps are sprightly , Clnd problems don't seem quite so bad.
Complan
Presentation : 1 Ib cartons
Complan is a Glaxo trade mark
Detailed literature available on request @;
THE ST. JOHN REVIEW
Official Journal of St.
R. S. Dolan
Civil Defence and St. John, by D IS. J. G. Fitton
Recruitment, by DIS. R. Giles
Organi sers of Voluntary Services in Hospital, by J. M. Cullinan
Dates for Your Diary Letters Quiz
The Amazing " Drug" in
LOOKING AROUND
" .•. and the greatest of these is CHARITY." Unfortunately the word "Charity" has become something of which people are ashamed. Those who dispense it are not best equipped to do so. On the other hand, compassIOn would appear to be "the greatest of these," and looking back on Easter and forward to Christmas I think that compassion in our work, our thoughts, and our daily life can contribute more to helping humanity than all the other vows and beliefs, regardless of class,. race or would seem that this is really the baSIS of Pro UtIlI tate Hominum-coupled with Faith, Hope and Compassion. There are so many appeals for help which one cannot really answer-except with compassion.
I have been taken to task by my good friend William Gotch of Wellingborough (who has been a member of the Brigade for over 50 years) because I said in "Looking Around " under Acknowledgements (page 2, March issue), S.E.A. instead of S.A.E. He has written a most amusing letter which will be published. To get back at his typing and spelling, I would dearly like to know what are "ranifications." An account of the Brigade's activities in Wellingborough since 1889, will appear shortly.
CELEBRATIONS
So many Divi sions are coming up f<?r various saries that it is, alas, impossible to pnnt all the pIctures and full reports, but please send details (if befo.re the event) so that they can be included, however bnefiy, In "Looking Around." It is always possible, when space allows, to do a follow-up later, but do let us try to keep the event up to date.
I have also been taken to task by The Lord Cozens-Hardy for abbreviating county names such as Lancs., Beds. and Bucks 1 too hate abbreviations, but to give an even balance to a page, or the same size of type, an? the!'e fore importance to each it is often impossible to aVOid thiS form. Anyway, knows that editors are like cats, as described by
OPEN FORUM
REGULATIONS are being amended so that anyone can contribute an article or write a letter to the "Review" direct. May I remind you, however, that the full name and address of the correspondent must be known to the Editor and that items which are a personal attack, or could be taken as such, will not be considered for publication. Otherwise the floor is yours. If you have a pet "tub" here is the chance to thump it. BUTThere has been a spate of letters, which for reasons given have been checked (a) with the authorities concerned, and (b) acknowledged, telling the writer that the "attacked" are being given a chance to reply. IN MOST CASES THE LETTER TO THE WRITER HAS BEEN RETURNED AS UNKNOWN -NO SUCH ADDRESS. Surely this is rather childish- to say nothing of a waste of time, effort and postage on all sides .. If you want to be "cranky," please don't wnte to the Editor. By all means write the letter, keep it for a day or two and then tear it up!
T. S. Eliot in his book "Old Po ssum's Book of Practical Cats"-" they do do what they do do and there is no doin g anything about it."
COMPETITIONS
The " Reader 's Digest" always has a very good feature on "It Pays to Increase Your Word Power," and it would seem that we cou ld use this in two ways. Firstly , for Quiz sessions, by using the clues and solutions of the " Revi e\\" crossword and so become familiar with terms which would be u ed when we do ho pital duties. Secondly , not an original idea, for every Division to have one of the excellent pocket Medical / Nursing dictionaries and while having that "cuppa" after the meeting take three or four and their meanings- this might help those who complain that they cannot do the crossword.
MANCHESTER CENTRE
ST. JOHN AMBULANCE
NOVICES AND OPEN COMPETITIONS
Saturday, October 11, 1969
CLOSING DATE for ENTRIES AUGUST 18, 1969
Application forms from Competition Secretary, Miss K. Elliot, 72, Windlehurst Road, High Lane , Stockport, SK6 8AE.
FIRST CLASS FIRST AID
Mrs. Betty Angus , Nur ing Officer, Reading Nursing Division successfully applied mouth-to-mouth re usci· tation a man who collapsed in the street on hi s \\ay to work. She has been recommended by the Police for a Royal Humane Society award. Fortunately a pas er·b) knew Mrs Angus and rushed to her home. It took ten minutes to revive the casualty, and his wife commented, "I would like to express my tremcndou gratitude for the prompt action of Mrs. Angus."
NEWS IN BRIEF
Suffolk. The Gippeswyk Ambulance Division, lp wich, appears to have had a remarkable ?ver. the ten years in candidates successfully quall fYlllg Ill First Aid Nursing. 1966 was their peak year With 91 First Aid certlfi· cates. Total over the period - 553. It is remarkable becau se it is not a large Division- average numbers between 12 and 15, so their Divisional Surgeon, Superintendent members must have put in a great many hours to .ac hleve this result. They hope to run another course of First Aid this September and anyone interested should appl y to D / S Stanmore, 303, Felixstowe Road, Ip swich.
Worcestershire, Stourbridge Centre Open First Aid Competitions will be held at Messrs Westwood & Co, Ltd factory, Bowling Green Road, Stourbndge, on Saturday, September J 3, 1969.
Kent. Unique Distinction. Miss Monica Maple, Superin' tendent, Tonbridge Nursing Divi sion, qualified as an Associate of the Chartered Insurance distinction in the area for a woman. MISS Maple the Brigade as a member of the Tunbridge Well s Divi s ion in 1954 and has held her present apPOIntmenl in St. John since 196].
HELP
The Kent Association for the Disabled need helpers their camp, Golden Sands Country Club, September 13-2 , and at Littlestone Holiday Camp, September 28 to Octobe rS, In the latter case some 400 guests are catered for an.d 70 helpers needed Please contact Mr. J C. Ayling , 2, Delius Drive, Tonbridge, Kent.
Wales. Congratulations to the Caersws Nursing Division on winning the Henrietta Lady Davoes Shield in the MidWales Area Competitions. The members of the team are Mrs. Gwen Rowland s (Captain), Mrs. F. Lewis, Mrs. Irene Jones and Mrs. Eileen Wilson. Also to the Welshpool Nursing team which came second. The competitions were held in Aberystwyth in March. The Mayor of Aberystwyth presented the awards.
London (prince of Wales's) District. Among those who were admilted and promoted in the Order at the last Investiture held in the Grand Priory Church, E.C.1, in recognition of their services to humanity, was the Commissioner, Western Area, Lieut.-Colonel R. A. Payne, J.P. "Bob" Payne is well known to many members of the Association and Brigade, with which he has been connected for over 30 years. In addition to being a J.P. his other voluntary interests include being First Aid Training Adviser, Army Cadet Force, and has been awarded the Certificate of Good Service in the New Year 's Honours for hi s work as Chairman of the Hertfordshire Army Cadet Force Centenary Committee.
Yorkshire, East Riding. The Bridlington Lion Club have presented a "Resu ci-Anne" to the Nur ing Division. St. John is deeply grateful to the organisations which support them in so many way. The official presentation was made at the end of la t year. The ceremony included enrolment of Cadets by Mrs R. Fletcher, retired Divisional VicePresident, and the presentation of a Vellum Yote of Thanks, of the Order, to Mrs. Rosetta Fletcher, Divisional Superintendent, No.1 Bridlington Nursing Divi ion.
OVERSEAS
Canada St. John Ambulance Brigade celebrates its Diamond Jubilee thi year, and celebrations will be held in London, Ontario. It i interesting to note that Mr. William Loveday , who took his First Aid certificate with the Wellingborough Centre in 1906, helped to form the first Canadian Division.
South Africa. The cover picture of the "Call of St. J ohn" for February show some members of the Witwatersrand District Nursing Corps in their new summer uniformslet us hope that if any of them are over here for St. John's Day (June 21) that we will provide suitable weather 0 that we will not only have the plea ure of meeting them but al 0 to see them in their new regalia.
GENERAL INTEREST
Some of our member help with the "care of feet" service and they may well be interested in a booklet, produced by Dr. Scholl's Foot Comfort Service, J 82-204, St. John Street, London, E.C. I. " Pillow. In the January 10 issue of the NurSing Mirror" there was a very interesting piece about the "Wuodarest" pillow. It can be used in chairs or beds and. is ideal for elderly and bed-ridden people Detail available from The Wundarest Products 10 Montague Mews South, George Street, London, , Pillow. The "Nur ing Times" reviewed the pillows- don't we all know what it is like to be 11\ 111 and constantly fidgeting because the pillows are In the wrong place- this device is a pillow grip which can be adjusted to prevent the pillows s lipping and yet allow the patient to reach the locker or lean back again In comfort. Further details from Jacob, White & Co., Ltd., Westminster Mill, Horton Kirby, Dartford, Kent.
Any queries regarding press notices, exhibition § material, except when relating to the REVIEW, § should be addressed to: H.Q.,1 Grosvenor Crescent, London S.W.1
Ealing Nursing Division's Anniversary
The Ealing Nursing Division of The St. John Ambulance Brigade celebrated its 40th Anniversary by a wonderful re-union supper at its headquarters at Priory Hall, Loveday Road, Ealmg.
85 members, old members of the division , and friends associated with 64N, met together again.
Guest of Honour was the original Superintendent of the Division - Mrs Violet Claridge. Among the guests were two of the original founder members - Miss Petzsche and Mrs. Theobald , who assisted Mrs Claridge in cutting the 40th Birthday Cake. Also present were 64N's President, Councillor Mrs. Beatrice Howard, Vice-President Mi s Winifred Capes, Western Area 's late Area Superintendent Mrs. Elsie Norford, and Master of Ceremonies, Lt.-Col. J. W. H. Blunden.
The Ealing Nursing Division wa formed on December ]4, 1928, on a pouring wet night in the Y M.C.A ., Bond Street, Ealing, when J 6 people enrolled. From then on\\ards, the Division never looked back, and went from strength to strength until during the war years it reached a membership of lSI!
In 1929 a Girl Cadet Division was formed, and this also proved very successful. until at the present time it has reached a target of 100!
In 1932 the Division won the Brooks Efficiency Drill Cup, and retained this cup for 7 years. A "V.A.D." was formed, and the A.R.P. Reserve was 88 members. Many thousands of hours of public duties have been undertaken over the years, also the training of the public in the borough in Fir t Aid and Home Nur ing.
In 1933 an "off-shoot" of the Ealing Division was formed at Greenford, and is now the J4lN Greenford and Northolt Nursing Division In 1960 a Hanwell section was formed, which is the 185N Hanwell Nur ing Divi ion.
The success of the Division over the years is due to the friendly and unselfi h spirit of its Officers and Member. The Division is still a very active and popular one. It has it own headquarters-a very fine building in Loveday Road, Ealing, which was opened on May 21, 1964, and is manned by the four Ealing Divisions of The St. John Ambulance Brigade , i.e., Ambulance, Nursing, Ambulance and Nursing Cadets.
2
3
Health, Personal
and Commercial
By John Gibson
Published by Faber & Faber at I8s.
This book ha been written for nurses, the third edition, revised and brought up to date. It has been popular with student nurse because of its clear and readable style.
The chapter on "Provisions for the Disabled" should prove helpful to all tho e who work in this field.
I would recommend that it hould be available to all St. John Ambulance Divisions, either to have a copy in the County H.Q. Library or, better still, in the Divi ional library.
Dame Barbara Cozens, D.B.E., Chief Nursing Officer.
MRS. MICHAEL TURNER signing the visitors book.
TRJINIDAD AND BARBADOS
Mrs. Michael Turner has been interested in St. John activities for some time, so, while on a cruise, she visited the Headquarters at Trinidad and Barbados, of which she wrote an extremely colourful account.
Mr. A. E. Dwarika, District Secretary, met her and, for once, pleasure came before business- they went on a sight-seeing tour of the Port of Spain where she comments particularly on the beauty of the old houses and the Government House gardens.
Mrs. Turner says: "I think Trinidad is the most 'lush' of the West Indian Islands from the point of view of vegetation and beautiful scenery."
After the tour she went to Headquarters where she was met by the Commissioner, Mr. D'Arcy, and visited a class of young people taking a course who sang the Trinidad National Anthem for her.
One of the things which impressed Mrs. Turner was that 26 First Aid Posts were being manned throughout the Carnival Week.
The next day she arrived at Barbados and was met by Colonel Connell, Commissioner, and, after a lightning tour of Bridgetown, went to relax at 4
the home of Mrs. Challenor, Di trict Super· intendent (N). Here again, the lovely garden wa' a joy, and Mrs. Turner was intrigued because Mr! Challenor's dog was wearing two collars. Askin! for the reason she wa told that the white collal was replaced every three months a it was a specia one to keep away flea and ticks.
In Mrs. Turner's description of Bridgetown sh. says: "I suppose that Barbado i one of the rno! English of all the i lands . Every treet in Bridge town has an Engli h name and they even have , Trafalgar Square, with a small Nelson monument.'
The greatest need in Barbados is for a mini·bu' for St. John to enable them to tran port peop from out-lying areas. Their pre ent vehicle is some· what old, and Mrs. Turner expres es the hope tha' they will get some help towards buying a new one
It was with regret that St. John in Barbad(1' said goodbye to Mrs. Turner, wishing her could have been of longer duration, and hopJD; that on a future occasion she would be able (I spend more time with them, and thanking her her interest in the mini-bus project.
MEDIAEVAL FA YRE DUNSTER CASTLE
Thousands of people from aJl over Somerset came to the Mediaeval Fayre, organised by the Chairman of the ?t. John Council, Lady Brooke-Popham, which was held In the setting of the Norman castle in Dunster. The Thespian of Taunton staged a colourful pageant of the of the Order of St. John , including th.e long connectIOn of the Luttrell family of Dunster With the Order. Colonel C. T. Mitford-Slade D L J P ., Lord Lieutenant of Somerset, opened the FaY;e. ,
The Maypole Dance )vas one of the affractil 'e features of the Fayre. Otlter a!fractions w e re /ell'ender girls: pedlars mingling with the crOll'd. Tlte West Somerset Company of Archers g(Il'e a demonstration.
Tlte present. The end in g of the pageant of the Order through the ages was {/ drt III1C1 1ic demonstration by memhers of the Bt/Rade when a spectator "collapsed ." 5
"The M.err)' Wives of Dunster skilfully drtve a hard bargain selling flowers.
Notc.-A fuller repon in a fUlure issue.
All piclurc by L. G Charrell
Dr. John Blow
AGOOD first-aider will take advantage of every crap of information he can obtain to help in the correct diagnosis and treatment of a casualty. This information might be supplied by the patient or bystander and from the examination of the patient and his s urrounding s.
With the increasing sophistication of medical treatment, more and more people carry information on their person relating to medical conditions and treatment. The knowledge tbat such information may be available in a casualty's pocket, wallet, handbag, on his wrist or round his neck will ensure that a search is made-especially when a casualty is unconscious.
"Medic-Alert" is tbe name by which a rapidly growing organisation is becoming known throughout the world. Its operation is simple and its effect far reaching.
The organisation provides for any person with a hidden medical problem to have the protection of an emblem worn on the wrist. This gives an immediate "flash warning" to the hospital, doctor, first-aider, etc., who might attend such individuals at a time, and in circumstances, when they are unable. to speak for themselves-for example, following an accldent or collapse.
The Medic-Alert Foundation provides a bracelet with a medical insignia on one side and the appropriate medical warning engraved on the reverse. There is also a serial number and a London telephone number. The organisation maintains a central file in London recording any further information regarded by the owner's doctor as essential for adequate protection. In an emergency this information can be obtained on making a reverse charge telephone call from anywhere in the world. The telephone is manned 24 hours a day.
Subject to confirmation of the appropriate details by a doctor, any person with a medical condition may apply for a Medic-Alert emblem by completing an application form and sending a once-only membership fee of £1 lO s. to MedicAlert Foundation, 43a, Wigmore Street, London, W.l.
EPILEPSY
The British Epilepsy Association, 3-6, Alfred Place, London, W.CI , issues a card to its members. This states clearly that " 1 have epilepsy" and gives the patient's name, address and telephone number. In addition there is a guide to treatment and the expected time to recover consciousness as well as the name and telephone number of f he doctor who normally looks after the patient.
6
DOCK MEDIC-ALERT
All important feature based 011 a lect ur e g iven by Dr. Johll BlaH at the South East Region First Aid Weekend. By courtesy of the N.D.L.B. 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111""1111
DIABETES
Members of the British Diabetic Association receiving insulin injections carry a card. Thi states that the bearer i a diabetic and gives instructions on how to deal with the event of sudden confusion or faintness The reverse side gives details of the diabetic's name and address as well as doct?r and hospital clinic information. Anyone sufTering from diabetes should be encouraged to join The British Diabetic Association, 3-6, Alfred Place, London, W.C\. The annual subscription for an associate member is ISs.
STEROID TREATMENT
Steroids may be used in ome allergic conditions and chronic disease in which the severity justifies the use or such powerful drug -as examples, bronchial asthma and rheumatoid arthritis.
The body produces its own steroids and these are especi· ally required in conditions of stress uch as shock following a severe injury or associated with an acute infection.
If a patient is taking additional steroids, the ability of the body to produce its own, on demand, may be suppressed, with the result that the degree of hock may be considerabl y greater than might be expected. A patient on steroid will probably carry a small blue card.
ANTICOAGULANT TREATMENT
Many people are now taking anticoagulant tablets for conditions in which it is desirable to reduce the tendency or the blood to clot. These will include some patients who have s uffered from coronary thrombosis and others who have inflammation of veins.
Awareness that a patient is taking anticoagulants will indicate to a first-aider that particular care in the control of bleeding will be necessary should such a person suffer from internal or external bleeding.
Supervision of patients on this treatment requires regular blood tests and the hospitals i sue a small blue booklet containing facts about blood clotting and anticoagulant drugs, with a space for personal details inside. This may be found on a casualty.
HAEMOPHILIA
As well as "blood thinning" by drug treatment there is a rare condition called haemophilia, which is characterised by delayed blood clotting and consequent difficulty in checking haemorrhage. It is inherited by some males in certain families.
If such a man is involved in a relatively minor accident , the first aid control of haemorrhage could be a life saving procedure. A local wound should be covered by an absor· bent dressing which is kept in place by a firmly applied bandage. Cold water compresses are very useful when there is bleeding into muscles and joints, and ice packs and pressure on the wound may be effective in reducing bleeding in the early stages.
The HaemophiJiac will certainly carry a sma ll dark green booklet with " Haemophilia Card" on the outer cover. Inside are personal details and the addresses and telephone numbers of his general practitioner and hospital consultant
The bearer's blood group is also noted s hould transfu ion be necessary. In addition to the card he may wear a metal disc on a neck chain or bracelet giving his name and "has haemophilia." The disc is available to members of the Haemophilia Society, P.O. Box No.9, 16 , Trinity Street, London, S.E.I, and the card is issued by certain ho spitals which specia li se in haemophilia
(Continued on page 27)
NIGERIA-NEW APPOINTMENT
MR. VICTOR O. OSHO has recently been appointed as Administrative Secretai·y of the SI. John Council of Nigeria He succeeded Mr. NATHA -JOHNSON, who retired after eleven years of olltstanding service to St. John. Mr. Osha is also P/lblic Relations Officer. He studied journalism at the Regent Street Po!.vtechnic and also read Public Relations at the Institute of Pllblic Relations and College for the Distributive Trades in London. After graduating he worked for a nllmbel' of vo lllntar y organisations. He is at present working for the Uilited States Informatioll Service, Jbadan.
JOHN EWSOME, Wakefield Ambulance Dil' irepresented Great Britain as a member of the team In Prague for the Ultava Marathon. In spite of a snow an,d running over 26 miles and 385 yards (a quarter ! the distance was over cobble stones) J oh n was the IlI'st man home. He joined the Brigade a cadet il1 J954 transferred to the adult division fil'e veal's later. nCdldentall y, not only can we be proud of his win but he Ina e it in the record time of 2 hrs. 2L nuns. 25.8 ecs. 7
MR. GEORGE IMESO of Swill lOll, Lancashire, is described by a colleag/le, Mr. George A. King , as "A Mall of Worth." He trallsferred to the Brigade Reserve last December after 44 years sen'ice during which he was Superintendent, No.3 Area, Duke of Lancaster's District, for the last six years of his actil 'e sen'ice. He joined the Brigade in 1925 and rose steadily throllgh the rallks and became Divisional Superintendent and then Corps Staff Officer and later Corps Superintendent , Manchester and Salford Corps. III Mr. Killg's report he says that no story about George Imesoll "wo uld be complete without a tribute to his wife. "No man could have had a better helpmate to her I say 'thank YOll.' They both leave liS with our gratitude for a job "we ll and truly done."
AIR DISASTER
By Divisional Superintendent R S. DOLAN, Horley & Gatwick Ambulance Division
At 4 a.m. on Sunday, January 5, I received a tel ephone call from Surrey County (I assumed that this was the police, but learned later that it was in fact an officer from Surrey Ambulance Control), asking me if I would open the St. John H.Q. to receive bo d ies, the victims of an air crash which had just taken p l ace in the Balcombe Road.
I d resse d and opened the hall, and then went to the Horley police station for further information. A Boeing 727 had crashed on landing approach, and that it was estimated that some 50 people had died and there were approximately 15 survivors. The only other two halls available in the area were unobtainable as the keys to these were at County Hall, Kingston. Ambulances would be arriving any minute at the hall with the victims. Fire was raging an d all the bo d ies would be in a burnt condition. I te lephoned my D ivisional Officer, R Songhurst and put into operation our own system of call-out, which we would use on a major emerge n cy. Within 15 minute s ten of my memb ers had arri ved.
I then telephoned the G.P. O telephone supervisor and requested that our telephone, a call box type, be operated on a "flash call system" (something we learnt from the floods. This means that no money need be inserted and on dialling 100, the operator immediately got the number you required). The request was granted. Mr. John Kenyon, Chairman of the Identification and R epatriation, the Chief Constable of Surrey, Mr. Matthews, and Chief Superintendent Irvin arrived. They requested that all windows be fully opened and the heat be turned off. They were accompanied by Group Captain Mason, Chief Pathologist of the R oyal Air Force. He asked if I could have any of my members standing by to help, but suggested that as the place would be looking like a battlefield, no nurses be asked to attend. I took his advice and telephoned Miss Leighton and advised her of the situation and what we were doing and instructed her to stop all Cadets coming near the hall and that N O nurses were to come to the hall until I gave the all clear.
We then set to work. The police station was already overcrowded with extra police being drafted in from surrounding areas. A.S.O. D. Baylis arrived to help and told me that he had informed the Deputy Commissioner. I contacted B .U.A. Gatwick and asked for large groundsheets to try and protect our floor. These arrived and were laid d own.
We helped the pol ice label and number the victims and identify where possible. Time now around 06.30. Mr. Kenyon's team (who are all pathologists) and professional interviewers were 8
by now interviewing the relatives in our small hall. I asked each one of my members if he would help in the main hall but would understand if he declined. Each man accepted. I then organised a kitchen staff to cope with cups of tea for the distressed relatives and for ourselves who, by this time, were feeling the effects of the cold.
I once more sent up to Mr. Lusty of Intercontinental Caterers for supplies. He immediately sent tea, sugar, milk, soup, etc., and a supply of whisky and rum to keep out the cold.
I contacted Divisional Officer Mrs. Young (hall bookings secretary) to cancel a Sunday school meeting due that morning and any bookings for the remainder of the week. I then contacted by 'phone more members of my Division and requested their help to relieve those who had been at the hall since 04.15. When they arrived I instituted a shift system as we operated during the floods.
At this point I managed to contact Area Commissioner Ashdown and inform him of the situation to date. I requested more help from other Divisions. Redhill and Reigate, Godstone and Caterham Ambulance Divisions were contacted and our shift system was then complete. Group Captain Mason then approached me and a ked if it were possible for the pathologists, which included Dr. Mant, Chief Pathologist for Surrey, to carry out the post-mortems at the hall, otherwise it meant transferring the bodies to Redhill General Hospital. This I agreed to, and our members offered to help. Area Commissioner arrived with some members that had been called in from other Divisions.
Mr. Kenyon asked if we could fix his team up with hotels for the night. This I did. Food was once again a problem, as on Sunday no eating houses were open. I again went to Mr. Lusty who supplied pre-packed dinners which only needed warmin g in our ovens for half-an-hour. Later in the evening he sent a large supply of sand wiches, free to st. John members, and later we sent to Mr. Kenyon for the remainder. The Area Commissioner later went to see and thank Mr. Lusty. Time noW around 14.00.
A nursing officer had arrived, having only just heard of the happening and was there anything she could do. I explained that early in the day I had been on to Miss Leighton saying that Nurses were not required, but the situation had noW changed and the post-mortems would be carried out here up to 22.30. If she could muster a couple of nursing members, they could take over the kitchen. This she did and arrived back in fifteen minutes with help. Later in the evening, Mi ss Leighton arrived with more nurses for the second
shift. D uring this time, two members of the "Friends of St. John" (a local committee who raise money for our Divisions) arrived, including the Chairman of the Parish Council, Mr. H. Aldridge.
Area Surgeon, Dr. Hicks, arrived at the hall and assisted in trying to identify the Jones family who were patients of his.
Crawley (Sussex) Ambulance Division telephoned and offered their service Mr. Ashdown had left by this time and the Area Superintendent, Mr. Adams had arrived. Together we telephoned Mr. Ashdown and six Crawley members arrived and proved very useful. We carried on and eventually stood down for the night at 02.00 , reopening at 08.00 next morning A.S.O. T. Dumaresq came to the hall to assist me.
The zinc coffins that had arrived the day before from Mr. Kenyon's office were filled, numbered and sealed, except those which the police wanted open for fingerprinting. The County Coroner, Colonel McEwan, gave clearance for their removal to London at approximately 14.00. Mr. Kenyon contacted the local Vicar for a short service and we in the meantime cleared away the debris, and generally tidied the hall ready for the service. Flowers were borrowed from a nearby shop to go on a makeshift altar. The five minute service took place at 15.00 and was attended by some of our members and some from the Nursing Division. After this we loaded on to the lorries the zinc caskets and the hall was clear. Officials from the Public Health department arrived and declared th.e hall closed until fumigated (next morning) WIth formaldehide. All clothing, blankets and any other materials that had come in contact with the victims would have to be destroyed. Most of the blankets and materials used were supplied by the police and the Surrey County Council, but three of our members' uniforms, because of the nature of the burns and the country of origin had to be destroyed. Mr. Kenyon expressed his thanks to everyone. All costs for food, use of hall, cancelled booking fees, etc., were to be sent to him. Eventual close down Monday 20.00.
On arrival home, the police telephoned to say that the R.A.F. recovery team had arrived, some twenty men and required some accommodation for the night and the next three nights. I explained the Public Health had said, but got in touch WIth the Chairman of the Horley Round Table Who helped us during the floods. They canva sed their members and all the R.A.F. men were accommodated for the night.
After the fumigation on Tuesday morning, we Were unable to enter the hall for fumes. These Were so strong that we closed the hall again to the I eventually, with the help of the Council HOusmg Officer, got them billeted in the old C.D. .Q.
A firm of Industrial Cleaners have since been 9
CIVIL D EFE N CE
A N D S T o J O H N
By Divisional Superintendent J. G. FITTON, Horsham Ambulance Division
THE idea of inviting the ex-Civil Defence Members in the area to join Horsham Division , was put to the local Officer in charge, shortly after we heard that the Corps was to be disbanded.
No move in this direction took place for quite some time, and probably would not have done so at all, were it not for the fact that my wife (Div. Supt., Horsham Nursing Div.) and J decided to attend a service at Horsham Parish Church, at which the Colours of the local branch of the Corps were being laid up.
In course of conversation with one of the Sussex County CD. Officers about this ceremony, the matter was again brought up , and as a result, a meeting was called , at which it was proposed that the ex-Civil Defence Rescue, Communications, and Ambulance units should join Horsham Division of St. John, and form sections within the Division to carry on their training, and help in any emergency which the Division might be called upon to tackle. Further meetings followed, and as a result, twenty ex-CD. Members have taken their First Aid Course, and intend to join the Division as soon as their certificates are to hand.
These men have held together for over twelve months since their training discontinued, and it says much for their enthusiasm, and the purposefulness of their leaders, in keeping them together.
They are now eager to re-start their training, and equipment has to be found to enable them to get on with the job.
A small amount of equipment has been made available to the Division , on a permanent loan basis, by the West Sussex County Council, and we have purchased rope and ladders to start training on lashing or rescue procedures. An old age pensioner has donated £1 and a leading member of the local community £5, to help to give us a start. Our ultimate aim is to have a fully equipped Rescue vehicle and a fully equipped Communication vehicle, with trained personnel, capable of dealing with anything from floods to plane crashes.
The ex-CD. members will learn our way of working, going out on public dutie , assisting with conununications where desirable, and they will train our existing members in the type of work at which they are experts.
Our objective i to have a co-ordinated team , from our two Adult Divi ions, capable of interchange of jobs, able to tackle any emergency and able to relieve each other at specific tasks hould the need ari e.
Also to train our older Cadets in Re cue and Conununication procedures as they get to the stage where they are nearing the age for promotion to the Adult Division
We hope that this scheme will prevent the 10 s to the community of the services of people who have spent years training to become efficient in emergency, and that they will be an added a set to the Brigade.
engaged to strip and repolish the hall floors and generally wash down the building's interior.
NOTE: This Division did sterling work during the floods last autumn, for which they received a Meritorious Service Certificate. See January issue, page 3. ••••••••••
JERSEY
Jer ey Evening Post
MR. FOWLES-NORTON, BRIGADIER LEMPREIERE-ROBIN, Mrs. A. Ahier and Sergeant Guy and a representative of the Cleveland Garage pictllred at the handing-over ceremony of a new, fully-equipped ambulance estate car which Mr. Fowles-Norton presented to the Brigade in Jersey in m emory of his wife. The vehicle has been specially modified to carry both a stretcher and a sitting patient in addition to the driver and an attendant. It cost £1,000 and St. John is deeply grateful for this generous gift. The ambulance will be used mostly Oil duties covering salld racing and other sporting events.
pnenmatress clinical airbed
Hospital and domestic use as a means of preventing bedsores and associated ailments in immobile patients
The Pneuma tress is the fi rst really efficient mechanically operated device for the prevention of bedsores in bedbound patients. It can be permanently installed on any bed in minutes, without skill, requires no special electrical circuitry other than a conventional domestic power point, uses very little current, is virtually indestructible, self-controlling and extremely quiet in operation. The power unit has a working life of many years and it will operate for at least a year, day and night, without any maintenance attention. The problems which Pneuma tress has overcome.
BEDSORES
Bedsores are a serious and common problem in patients who are forced by nature of their illness to remain on their backs for an unnatural length of time.
Bedsores are caused by an unrelieved pressure over bony prominences. Once established, bedsores become infected and anaemia and protein deficiency follow, prolonging the patient's convalescence or causing death. The only way to prevent bedsores is to emulate nature by constantly changing the posture of the patient in bed-a normal healthy person changes position some fifty to a hundred-and-fifty times each night, principally in response to the discomfort over pressure areas. This also prevents the other complications associated with immobility, namely venous thrombosis, urinary stagnation leading to infection and similar complications in the lungs and alimentary tract. The conventional method of achieving this end in hospitals is by two- or four-hourly turning of patients from side to side by the nursing staff. This may require from two to five pairs of 10
hands depending on the size and disability of the patient.
The Pneumatress achieves the same effect by tilting the patient through a smaller arc, but more frequentlyevery fifteen minutes- and very gently.
OTHER IMPORTANT APPLICATIONS
The Pneumatress was originally devised to prevent bedsores in unable to move because of paralysIs or old age, but research has revealed other application. Patients who can move but will not because of pain are helped by the Pneumatress. These patients, especially ifshocked, and with a low blood pressure are particularly liable to develop bedsores rapidly, Examples of such patients inclu de those in the immediate period of major surgery, those With (Co ntinued on page 21)
RECRUITMENT
By R. GILES, Divisional Superintendent, C / 114, Lower Sydenham Division
No doubt every Officer has said to himself at some time or another: "You ju t can't seem to get young recruit. All they want i television." This, of cour e, is very true, but junior Cadet , all aged 10 years, reported to their Superintendent: "Please Sir, we gave a first aid at today." Of course, one immediately display? To whom? Why didn't I know It? After all, I am the Superintendent of the Division! Now, lads, you should have asked my permission you kno";,, so next time, don't forget, will you, let me know first. And, very tactfully, you correct the procedure adopted by. fOl:lr lO-year-old boys who, in turn, will probably go thmklng to themselves, well, he wasn't very pleased, Or IIIterested.
Perhaps, no more will be said about the matter and perhaps in three months' time those four boy will "fed up" leave the But more than likely, no one wIll associate these two occurrences with each other and Come to the an wer that the real reason they have left (1) Lack ofintere t shown by the leader of the boys; (2) Lack of encouragement shown by that ame o-called leader (3) Lack of leadership itself, and (5), (6), (7), one could on forever.
f But what if this leader had asked or enquired from these Whr "What display did you do? Why did you give it? Wh o did you give it to? What equipment did you u e? o was I?" And probably, mo t important, "What made you think of it, and why didn't I think of it 1"
An atmosphere of self- atisfaction and proudness builds ?oys explain, naturally all trying to talk at once.
I ell Sir, it was our end of term school concert, and they much to put on, so one of us fell over and we all b eated hll11 for a broken leg, and we u ed our ties as andages, and everybody clapped at the end, and our 11
Headmaster said it wa a good idea. We couldn't ask your permission, Sir, 'cos we didn't think of it until thi morning."
The Headma ter said it was a good idea. The Headmaster of the chool that we hold our meetings in. Perhap we can learn something from the e four boys and meet thi Headmaster who \0\ ill no doubt gi\'e u his support.
The result of thi meeting wa at hi own ugge tion, et out as follows: All boys between the ages of '0 and 11 years, not only from one school, but also of a second neighbouring school as well, were excused cia s les ons for one afternoon and quietly u hered by their teacher into the hall.
After a very informal introduction to the boy. our the Headmaster, talked about the honour of belongmg to the S.] .A.B., and especially of belonging to C 114 Lower Sydenham Divi ion We told them ""ho we were what S.] .A. B. tood \0\ hat we did at our meeting, etc.: etc., and then on With the four boys again, a different di play of course, this time A break followed \o\hile leaflets on this information were given to each boy and a half-hour of question time. Finally, the end of the afternoon and any boy who would like to join, form a neat queue at the table.
V!e is ued 57 letter of introduction to interested boys,. which had to be taken home, igned by their parent and returned to the Headmaster; and we till have 21 of tho e now as Probationary Cadet in the Division, \\ hich ]S really quite enough to recruit in one attempt.
Thi i now 12 months ago, but to replace thi Junior clas '. we had another afternoon to entertain the school boy. not JU t 10-' 1 year-olds, but an audience of approximately 80 boys between 9 and 11 years of age. Recruit from our second attempt , '5 boys.
I t is easy to learn from other - 1 did; but remembering it IS easy to get recruit AND] UST AS EASY TO LOSE THEM. I hope thi y tem can be of help to other divi ions.
Oldham Evening ChrOnicle CROMPTO DlVISION. Picture shows five Amblliance Cadets who received their First Aid cerri/icares when tilir t new members were enrolled in the recently formed Crompton Division. Left fo right. G. Homa. K. Davis. M. Thorpe, S. ChJverall and S. Barrett with Area Staff Officer H. D. Adams (left). and Member-zll-Charge Mr. S. Slltton and Area Commissioner Mr. G. Spencer.
CISlO. R. WILSON, of Lincolnshire. sent in the above He says :7his carcj was. bought at a sale in Gainsborough and formed part of an album. As zt has a Nottmghamslure printers (photographer's name), I suggest it could be a V.A.D. Detachment photograph of that area." Unfortunate!}' there is no captioll, but perhaps Nottin g hamshir e ma y hav e a re cord in th e ir archives of this event.
Organizers of Voluntary Services in Hospital
V
OLUNTARY services in hospital, it is gratefully acknowledged, have always been there. But readers of Nursing Times will have read something of the way in which, over the last five years, a number of hospitals have been appointing paid organizers to recruit and co-ordinate voluntary help from a much wider field, in much greater variety, than ever before*.
In 1962, the Ministry of Health in circular HM(62)29 encouraged further development of activity in hospitals by voluntary bodies such as Leagues of Friends, Red Cross and St. John and the WYS (now WR YS), proposed bringing in a wider range of voluntary societies and suggested that there was scope for considerable expansion of voluntary effort everywhere and specifically including psychiatric and geriatric hospitals.
The Earliest Schemes
The next year, the Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust backed a three-year experimental scheme at Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge, with a medical social worker as a fulltime paid organizer.
At the same time St. Thomas's Hospital, London, did likewise. Both experiments succeeded and were made permanent.
Following a cJnference on The Use of Volunteers at The Hospital Centre, London, in 1966t, the King's Fund decided in investigate the use of volunteers in hospitals, and appointed Miss Jan Terdre (now Mrs. Rocha), a social worker holding the Certificate in Social Studies, University of Edinburgh, to conduct a survey. It is her report that we have before us nowt.
The survey started in early 1967, and at that time the hospitals known to employ organizers of volunteers numbered 13, all of them in London except the three psychiatric hospitals.
The survey method was to draw up a questionnaire after consultation with individuals and organizations, and send it in advance to each of the 13 hospitals for them to see and think about before Mrs. Rocha paid them several visits, interviewed organizer, hospital staff, patients and volunteers, and completed the questionnaire herself. Information was 12
sought, too, [rom the Ministry of Health, from trade unions, from American and Canadian hospitals with volunteer schemes , the American Hospital Association and the International Alliance of Hospital Volunteers.
As a result, Mrs. Rocha has given us an account of how the 13 hospi tals tackled the job : appointing an organizer, how the organizer set about developing the schemes and making them acceptable to hospital staff, recruited, nourished liaison with existing voluntary organizations, fitted volunteers to jobs and jobs to volunteers.
The volunteers- who they are; how many; what they can do; why they offer thei r services; how to give them job satisfaction; what the organizer looks [or in a volunteer ; uniform, meals, insurance; what the volunteers thought of their work and what the hospital staff and patients thoughtall these come sharply alive.
Volunteers in the Ivory Tower
Here is the community in all its kaleidoscopic variety and colour coming into the hospital , bringing not only their hands and feet to help with the work but also what may often be their greatest gift of all: themselves and their normal outside-world savour. Here also is the hospita l reaching out from its ivory tower into the community , saying not simply "We want you for what you can do, " but "We want you for what you are."
These 13 hospitals- at that time a mere baker's dozen of them out of the whole country- were the pioneers . They and their organizers tried something very difficult. They made mistakes and learned from them. They went on trying and it worked.
Now their experience is available to all. Mrs Rocha :s Report ought to become the definitive textbook on thiS subject so far, and at 11s. 6d. it is dirt cl:eap. It is easier 10 read than most textbooks. There IS no theorIZIng. It is all solid facts except [or her recommendations, which are brief, to the point and clearly based on those factsliving facts.
Presenting awards to St. John Ambulance Brigade cadets, of the Portchester School Cadet Unit , Alderman Mrs. Bessie Bicknell, Chairman of the Education Committee and an Officer Sister of the Order of St. John, praised the example which these boys had set in their public service. "The effective and proper use of our leisure time," said Mrs. Bicknell , "is one of the most important aspects of life today. Here is an example of what can be done with leisure, at the same time giving service to mankind." In the performance of their duties, the Portchester Cadets gave yet another example of how the young people of Bournemouth help to dispel the idea that modern youth is idle and selfish.
The School Unit was formed in 1963 with 48 cadets, and has won many local and regional awards in competition.
Mrs. Bicknell presented Special Service Shields for Public Duties to David Lane for 600 hours of
WHEN
June 5
June 11
June 19
July 2 and 4
July 10
july 12
September 25
October 5
October 16
October 29
NOVEMBER 20
JULY 22
October 1
November 18
July 20
B.A.
(HONS.) (LOND ), DIP.ED., S.R.N.
(See page 20 Jar footnotes )
public duty, Brian Lock for 400 hours, and Simon Ousey , Martin Slade, Derek O'Neill, each for 200 hours
Two special awards , Mrs. Bicknell said, it gave her great pleasure to present- Grand Prior Badges for proficiency in twelve different subjects to David Lane and Ian Mackenzie. They are the only Ambulance Cadets in Bournemouth to gain this award.
On behalf of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and the Education Committee, Mrs . Bicknell thanked the Headmaster of Portchester, Mr. F. Castle, for the encouragement he has given to the Unit and the Officers, Div. Supt. H. Johnson, Div. Officers N. Llewellyn and C. Duthie for their services and she hoped that the Cadet Unit's work would continue to expand to bring further credit for public ervice both to the school and the town.
DATES FOR YOUR DIARY NATIONAL EVENTS
FlRST AID COMPETITIONS-1969
WHAT B P. Chemicals
Ministry of Technology Ambulance Centre
Army Department Ambulance Centre
National Union of Young Farmers' Clubs
Briti sh Rail, London Tran port (Rail) and Briti h Transport Docks
St. John Ambulance Brigade
Daily Express National Competition for Industry
National Road Pa enger Transport Ambulance Centre
Gas Indu try
G.P.O.
GRAND PRIOR'S TROPHIES
INVESTITURES
ORDER OF ST. JOHN
CADET RALLY
WHERE
Tavi tock Rooms , London, W.C.2
E.I D. Aquila, Bromley , Kent
Porches ter Hall , London , W 2 Royal Show, Kenilworth, Warwickshire
Queen Mary's College, London, E.1
Fairfield Halls , Croydon, Surrey
Queen Mary's College, London, E.1
The Mu ic Hall , Union Street, Aberdeen
Friends House, Euston, London, N.W.1
Seymour Hall, London, W l Seymour Hall, London, W.l
Grand Priory Church, Clerkenwell, E.C.l
Inspection by H.R.H. Great Yorkshire Show Ground, _ The Princess Margaret Harrogate
ETTERS
Dear Editor,
I have only just got round to reading the December 1968 issue of the "Review," and I find the article on Weekend Camps by Div. Supt. L. E. Gaines very interesting, as we have been considering the idea of weekend camps also.
One point, though, I should like to see cleared up. author says that one of the advantages of weekend camps IS that the person in charge does not have to be the holder of a Brigade camping warrant. As this remark has passed without official comment in that or the January is ue, may We take it that Supt. Gaines has interpreted Brigade Regulations, Appendix 0, correctly? If so, the whole project becomes much easier.
Our interpretation, however, has been that a warrant is needed. Para.1 of the appendix says that "No St. John may be held unless holder of the Warrant is 'Present ... " It then goes on to say that no permit is necesary for a weekend camp, but that it is neces ary for a l onger camp. It would seem from this wording that the warrant is the personal qualification for holding camps :generally, of no matter what length, whereas the permit is the approval for a particular camp to be held. For a longer -:camp, both a permit to hold it and a warrant holder to run it are needed; for a weekend camp, the permit is not needed, but that does not mean that an unqualified person can run it.
If, however, Supt. Gaines' view of the is I should be very glad to have thiS confirmed 'Officially-and the appendix should be re-worded to make this clear. I note that Farnborough now have a warrant holder, so they are in the clear, but our prospects ru nning :t hese camps would be improved if we could do It without .a warrant holder.
Yours sincerely, (Lt.-Col.) R. B. Robinson. (C / S /O, Ambulance Cadets, Wiltshire).
NOTE : Colollel Robinson is, of course, correct in what he says and Colonel Goring has confirmed this. The position i s that no St. John Camp may be held unless some, but not necessarily the same, holder of the appropriate St. John Camping Warrant is present in the camp at all times.
A permit- as opposed to a Warrant - is not necessary 10 hold a weekend camp, but a permit has to be applied for for longer camps Oil C / Camp l I (vide General Regulations Appendix Q).
Chief Secretary, St. John Ambulance.
Dear Madam,
I have been a member of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, the Newtown & New Mills Ambulance Division for a good many years now, and am a regular reader of the St. John "Review."
On reading the February edition, I see that the Dorset Division get mentioned for hours of duty.
I am social secretary for the above Division and in 1968 we put in 765 hours of duty- this is not counting the weekly meeting nights.
I think this is very good as there are only 14 senior members of the Division and these were carried out at t:arnivals, boat rallies, regular park duty, theatre shows and church parades.
I never seem to read of anything that goes on down here, and I wonder if this could be published in a later edition.
Yours faithfully, N. Middleton.
(Newtown & New Mills Ambulance Division, Cheshire).
l-t
Dear Madam,
Can someone kindly settle a dispute for me?
At a recent class at the St. John Ambulance Brigade, of which I have been a member for 30 years, the instructor was demonstrating the method of applying a bandage to arrest bleeding from the palm of the hand. She did this on me as the patient; she took a triangular bandage and folded it narrow, then placed it round the front of my wrist several times. finishing with the knot over my thumb , my fingers were not covered at all. I said that this method was wrong, but he said she had seen it in the manual. Now I have never seen it in any manual - it says in the 1965 manual, page 78:
Bleeding from the palm of the hand can be very severe and alarming, and the treatment i :
Grasp the wri t firmly, and place the patient in good light. Place a dressing in the palm and cover with a small pad, bend the fingers over the pad, thus forming a fi st bandage firmly and place in a triangular sling. (rt does not say how the bandage has to be applied).
I am enclosing the method I say is the right way , so I would be very pleased if you would confirm thi s.
I thank you.
Bleeding from the palm of the hand.
Page 54, 1958 edition.
Bleeding from the palm may be very severe as several arteries communicate freely with one another Where there is no visible foreign body, pressure may be maintained by bending the casualty's fingers over a dressing and a s mall pad and fixing as described below . The pad should be quite small and firm. a two-inch bandage would be very suitable
Place the pad over the dressing in the palm and bend the fingers over the pad so as to make a fi t. Place the centre of a triangular bandage folded broad across the back of the wrist take the end on the thumb side and carry it obliquely over 'the front of the fist across the knuckles and back again to the thumb side behind the wrist, now bring the other end obliquely across the fist in the opposite direction. Finall y, bring both ends to the front of the wrist , cross them over and tie over the back of the wrist.
Support in n triangular sling.
I remain , yours faithfully, Pte George Gott. (Colne, Lancs .).
Dear Mrs. Richards,
I am enclosing an account of the Division's 40th Anniversary.
*
Also as a matter of interest, you may care to know that four of our Ealing Nursing Cadet s from CNll were presented with their Grand Prior Badges in January by Lt.-Col. R. A Payne. (We have a wonderful Girl Cadet Division here in Ealing, with a total membership of approximately 100!) and we have three Grand Prior Badge Holders too in our Adult Division 64N.
Compiled by St. John Ambulance, Stourbridge Centre.
Here is a chance to test your knowledge and that of your friends. The questions are a hotchpotch but all are in some way connected with health or safety. For the answers please turn to page 23.
1. Which of the e types of traffic signs give orders:(a) Circles (b) Triangles (c) Rectangles .
2. An unconscious person is more limp on the left side of the body than the right. Which of these is the mo t likely diagno is?
(a) Diabetic coma (b) An epileptic attack (c) A troke.
3. Bad smells can cause disease:(a) Often (b) Rarely (c) Never.
4. The age group mainly at risk with regard to dome tic accidents is: -
(a) Small children (b) Young adult (c) The elderly .
5. A child seems to be developing a cold. Should his mother: -
(a) Give extra quantities of vitamin preparations (b) Con ult the family doctor
PLASTIFOL
PLASTIC WOUND REPLICAS offer outstanding opportunities in visual First Aid trainingopportunities for practical instruction in treating an injury, so that students are emotionally prepared to deal with emergencies Begin now to build up a complete range for your team. Send 1/ 6d. in stamps for a colour booklet giving details of all wounds available.
BROWNING'S LTD., Dept J. 69 Aberdeen Street, Hull, Yorkshire.
(c) Keep the child warm and away from other children as far as possible.
6. In the case of one of these internal organs there are two normally present in the body. Which one? (a) Urethra (b) Ureter (c) Uterus.
7. The best way of preventing the spread of germs which cause food poisoning and dysentery is: -
(a) Washing hands, after visiting the toilet (b) Adequate ventilation in all rooms where food is stored or eaten
(c) Regular and thorough cleansing of lavatories with suitable disinfectants.
8. An infant's heart rate is 130 per minute. Is this:(a) Abnormally slow (b) Normal (c) Abnormally fast.
9. In the first aid treatment of burns which of these is wrong?
(a) Immerse the part in cold water (b) Prick any bli ters present (c) Remove anything of a constricting nature.
10. Is a runny ear (a) Normal (b) Normal when one ha a cold (c) Always abnormal.
( Continued 011 page 19 )
FUND RAISING MADE EASY WITH PENCILS AND BALL POINT PENS!
Pencils by Rowney with HB black lead in the OFFICIALLY APPROVED colours- silver, white and blue, overprinted in black ink with S J.A. details and badge
Also pens by. Conw ay Stev..:art available in eight duo-colours, mk pnnted With S.J.A. details and badge
Increase your funds fa t- write today for free amples and price booklet to the AUTHORISED SUPPLIERS:
The has had the pleasure of attending and speaking (not such a pleasure) in Northern Ireland
§ !:full and 10 Essex (May on the mechanics of producing the magazine. This personal contact i It helps to get what both Sides She any invitations to other meetings. Only problem bein u :: that must depend on fare paid and hospltahty-no expenses. Contributors and all colleagues are we1com: == § when 10 London. Please telephone before 10.30 a.m. No matter how early. Address and telephone number on § :: contents page. ==
SILEBY DIVISION won the Martin-Plowright Trophy and the y were present ed with their trophy at Hinckley Divisiollal H.Q. Left to right, Sgt. C. A. Hellerley , Nursillg Member Miss M. Litherland, Divisional Officer C. Herrald, Ambulance Memher Mr. B. Starmer, Mr. P. 1. Martin and Mr. P. 1. Plowright.
LEICS
EAST MIDLANDS GAS BOARD WINNERS. Mrs. L. H. Smith, Leicester City Transport Department General Manager , presented the team with the Bowerman First Aid Trophy.
AT THE ANNUAL DINNER OF THE NEWCASTLE DIVISIONS
the Deputy-Mayor of Newcastle, Alderman D. Proctor, presented the Bethell First Aid Trophy to Miss L. Lawton. Left to right, Alderman D. Proctor, Mrs. Proctor, Mrs. L. Whalley (President), Miss L. Lawton, Divisional Superintendent 1. E. Durham, Miss Fiona Sharp and Miss Judith Lane.
DOVER DIVISIONS WIN CO U TY FTRST AID
QUIZ. Six teams from various parts of the county took parI in the quiz at a co mp etit ion held at Borough Green and it is the first time that they have won-a just reward for having travelled 70 miles to compete. Congratulalions to Mrs. M. F. Holm es (Vice-President), Mrs. E. A iallskas, Mrs. C. HUllt and Mr. 1. C. Osborne.
BEXLEY URSI G AND URSI G CADET DIVISIO S carry off the trophies for First Aid and uniform. Both teams were trained by Mr. R. Penn y. S.R.N., Nursing Officer of the Cadet Division. Nursing Division Team I. 10 r.o Miss Maylin, Mrs. Anne Sheel.101l (Captain), IS also Superllltendenl of Ihe Cadet leam, Mrs. N. Phillips , who won the award for high est illdil'idual marks , Miss Susan Turner and Miss Irene Thomas. ursill!? Cadet Team
Left to right, Mrs. 1. A. Prince, Mrs. M. Kemp (Captain). Mr. H Kerslake and Mrs. I. F. Kendall.
Evening Sentinel
Kemish Times
Kent Messenger
Mary Jones, Angela' Gillian Hazell, Palncla Wa Iso n Denise Sisley. Making Team, Brenda Duguid and Susan Porter.
As the Editor is assisted by three cats, the phone nev e r stops a/ld th e re is always someone coffecting or delivering" Urg e nt Press !l1aller, " accidents happen and Damon's letter got a bath. His reply to S O S is below alld the original foffows. Of course, if it had been ty ped and /lot handwritt en the problem would not have arisen!
Dear Mrs. Richards,
I surmise you were drinking a cup of coffee when my letter came. Did you spit out a mouthful in a gasp of rage or a burst of laughter? I hope the latter since it would show you are back to normal after your bout of Asian 'flu.
When I went up for the Annual Dinner and Dance of Langley Division early in March, they bounced me into responding to the toast to "The Guests" and the Toastmaster (now a Police Cadet who was a St. John Cadet in my time with them!) introduced me as "Damon of the Review"! Shall I ever live it down?
I hasten to effect repairs to the Dead Sea Scrolls, returned herewith, since I am sure you, at least, appreciate what I tried to say and I am equally sure we, you and I, feel the "Review"-and the movement-benefit from expressions of opinion made without malice and with the good of St. John ever in view.
I'm delighted to get the "Review" again and to learn you are "back in harness" (which you wear so jauntily). And I'm not really contrite over this "storm in a tea cup" (I still think it was coffee n.
18
1 do help a lot with the cadets, with whom 1 believe I am NOT regarded as "Persona non grata," also with Scouts (I have a great affection for that movement frol11 which we draw much renewal of membership) and when it comes to pen-and-ink I'm the general dog's body for the division; can I do any scribbling for you? 1 hope from time to time to offer some (non-controversial!) contributions to "Review," particularly such as will serve as "filling" and need not go in this month, next month- or ever.
In haste- have just been told to cover a six-a-side Rugb y mateh in half-an-hour's time between Bath schoolboy and a visiting group of German lads. Yours sincerely, Jack Baker. (Bath).
Dear Madam, Referring to the controversy I started, Caw! talk abou t "Sow the wind and reap the whirlwind." Anyway, it hould all be good for the circulation (both of Cadet Officers AND the "Review").
I think dear old "W.W.W.'" letter is the only thoughtfu l one; he, at least, read and "hoi ted in" every word of mine. 1 admired Mr. Player's spirited altack (l bet he's a splendi d Cadet Supt., beg pardon, Supt. of Cadets) ; he flogged the Knight of St. John image to death, I thought, but he di d give me "the chain mail of experience and the breastplate of mature understanding" which I put on back to front to retreat in disorder from District Staff Officer Watts (\ could not catch the "charger of opportunitY" - it go t frightened and bolted !). I think that lady wa a little unfair, I don't think I'm a moral coward to use a nom-de-plumer gave full and convincing rea ons; anyway, your intro· ductory remarks in October "Review," to my amusemen t, left my disguise very tran parent and I am not a per ona ge, anyway, and DAMON (what an unfortunate choice , wi sh I'd kept to NOMAD) was not a coward, whatever he was. In fact there was a DAMON (not the sophist- l won t pu t on a "Kick me label" in future!) who bravely offered himself as hostage for a friend condemned to death. Anyway, the lady wasted too much time trying to be clever with the dictionary (I did know all those uncompl i· mentary words) and clearly howed she hadn't reall y grasped my letter after "reading twice ." This benign (an d accepted!) father, uncle, granddad and grand uncle is very much in favour of the coming generation but our comp ll' cated civilization (and St. John structure) is so involved , so integrated, so precious to us that we can only turn it over to them with words of warning and advice. Miss Watts (1 expect it's a Miss) will see this herself when he is mu ch older. So I di miss her points I, 2 and 3 as ricochets. I agree with her 4; that's what 1 tried to say and s he say s it no better. (In fact, her phrase, " 0 few Adult Members with no Cadet work experience" needs to be read more than twice). Re her 5, I think we can all be honest enough to admit we make mistakes-even in First Aid; the virtu e of discussing them in our very own Official Journal is that we can learn from our own, and our colleagues', mistakes I expected a quick-and opposed - response from Cadet officers. I hope, but do not really expect, there will be some also from the ordinary rank and file who are the elderly. steady plodders who are keeping the Divisions going. I think most of them would welcome "Take Over Bids" from the youngsters, especially for the tedioLl s, unglamorous jobs like Class and/or Div. Secretary. But 1 don't suppose many will write (they aren't usually great hands with a pen as rapier-thrust controversialists) which many will interpret as a proof that DAMON wa wrong Anyway, I am sure you are too shrewd an Editor to allow the discussion to degenerate into an unprofitable bicker. Its main purpose was to plead for the "Review" to be sent regularly so that 1 can see "how goes the battle ." However, as the Chinese are supposed to say "A picture tells more than 1,000 words" so you might consider slipping in the enclosed at the appropriate time in the debate to show that I love 'em all and there's no hard feelings.
Yours sincerely , DAMON.
ESSEX
HUMPHREY L YTTLETON, the w e ll-known ja zz pla y er , giving som e e xp e rt advice to St. John members at Basi/don - Mar g aret Arber, Jill Coop e r and David Shearcroft at th e Arts Centr e There was all embarrassin g, bllt amusin g incid e nt b ecalise wh e n " Humph " turll e d lip at the th e atr e and was taking
mall tid y ing-lip ill
adin e ss for th e performan ce alld was laid to " b e off ."
cOllc e rt was about
ing about. How
gave "Humph " and
promoted by
SUPPLIES
of First Aid Manuals, or any teaching book relating to courses organised by St. John Ambulance. Teaching aids generally include First Aid Film Loops. Uniforms for the St. John Ambulance Brigade, including Badges and Insignia. All First Aid Materials - stretchers, kits, etc. Write General Manager ORDER OF ST. JOHN STORES DEPT.
St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, London E.C.I Tel: CLErkenwell 6644
QUIZ-continued from page 15
11. A person on treatment for diabetes suddenly becomes ill and confused. Should you (a) Give some sugar at once (b) Wait for the result of a urine test (c) Call an ambulance.
12. The most important time to wash teeth (a) Fir t thing in the morning (b) After meals (c) Before going to bed.
13. In which of these type of injury is it not es ential for the first aider to scrub hi hands before treating: -
(a) A foreign body in the eye (b) A closed fracture (c) A small cut.
14. The minimum age for driving a motor cycle on a public road is 16. The minimum age for driving a motor car i :(a) 16 (b) l7 (c) 18.
15. Which of the following conditions infectious?
(a) Eczema
(b) Warts on hand and feet (in the latter case known as verrucae) (c) P oriasis.
16. The amount of atmospheric pollution cau ed by moke from domestic fires in Great Britain is: -
(a) 25 per cent (b) 50 per cent (c) 75 per cent.
THERE is a safe drug which kills pain almost instantly, prevents infection, helps control bleeding, and costs almost nothing. The drug? an ice cube.
Ice is such a powerful anaesthetic that surgeons have used it to perform certain types of major surgery with patients wide awake. In most cases the patients were almost immediately afterwards able to sit up in bed , ask for something to eat and then chat with friends on the phone . As they had no anaesthetic by inhalation or by injection, there were no after effects or drowsiness.
Aside from such extremes, dozens of every-day conditions could benefit from ice as a pain reliever.
A little sliver in the tip of your finger is easily removed with the point of a needle sterilised in a match flame. If you cannot stand the pain in the sensitive fingertip, place the tip of the finger on an ice cube until it becomes numb.
Then the sliver can be lifted out without discomfort.
Ice the "trigger" area.
Sometimes ice can relieve backache when it is due to simple muscular strain. A man went to a doctor's office complaining that the pain in his back was so severe that he could not bend forward an inch. After examination the doctor decided to spray the back with ethyl chloride, a chemical which can freeze the skin. However, the bottle was empty. So the doctor put an ice cube over the "trigger" area the spot which, when pressed, triggered extreme pain in the back. In a few minutes the area was numb. To the patient's surprise he was able to get off the examining table without help. He bent forward and tied his shoelaces.
When a person gets a heart attack, the doctor might have to use morphine to prevent shock due to the massive pain. But until the doctor comes an ice cube rubbed gently on the chest over the painful area can give relief. After such treatment, morphine may not even be necessary when the doctor arrives.
Persons who cannot tolerate narcotics or who demand an unreasonable amount after surgery or for some painful ailment are often given the ice treatment. Not only is the pain relieved but the disagreeable effects of the narcotics such as nausea, constipation and drowsiness are avoided, to say nothing of the possibility of addiction. Unfortunately, ice cannot be used for too long a period after surgery, because cold inhibits the healing of incisions.
When you burn a finger by accidentally touching something hot you instinctively want to cool it immediately. Most people are conditioned to look for butter or an oily substance. But ideally the finger should be put in a bowl of cold water in which an ice cube or two has been placed. Or the ice cube can be rubbed directly over the burn until the sting is no longer felt when the cube is removed. The relief from pain is prompt. More important there will be very little swelling and blisters won't appear. Consequently, the bum will heal more rapidly.
There is another type of heat injury in which an ice cube works dramatically. A husband and wife were driving across the Mojave desert during the summer in intense heat. The wife passed into a fainting condition, her face was flushed and her eyes became glassy. Her husband opened a thermos bottle in which there was cold water containing ice cubes and rubbed some across her arms, forehead and back of the neck. The treatment revived her in seconds.
Ice has another medical virtue. It helps to stop bleedingnot only that which is visible but bleeding which occurs under the skin, as when a shin is kicked or an eye bruised.
20
The black and blue discoloration is due to leakage of blood from torn blood vessels. An ice cube over the injured place constricts the blood vessels so there is less leakage until clotting takes place. This mean not only less discoloration but less swelling, less damage to the surrounding tissues and less pain.
Whenever there is a sports contest a supply of ice cubes should be readily available. No matter what part of the body is injured ice cubes can be applied with utmost safety. It is to be understood that regardless of how much relief is obtained by the ice the injured per on must not return to the game until seen by a doctor. What may appear to be nothing more than a sprain could be a fractured bone
Another virtue of ice cube treatment is that it help to prevent infection Any part of the body that is refrigerated is not likely to become infected even if contaminated with dirt. The ice cold temperature keeps germs dormant and unable to mUltiply and spread. If an ice cube can be held against the wound until the doctor arrives the danger of infection is practically eliminated.
In emotional disorder ice has been used with uccess, especially in schizophrenia cases.
Does this direct application to the bare skin ever cause frostbite which can be dangerous? No, it never doe. Ice is not dangerous, because it refrigerates the tissues, it does not freeze them. Freezing does cause frostbite with severe damage to the skin and underlying tissues. Water freezes at zero degrees Centigrade. Blood and tissues freeze at a slightly lower temperature. This means that if the skin is simply refrigerated the temperature of the tissues is lowered to somewhere between a half and five degrees above freezing. The difference is not much but it is great enough to be a good margin of safety. Some persons in their desire to increase the benefit of ice have made ice bags adding salt to them. Salted ice does hasten and intensify chilling but it can cause frostbite. Leave well enough alone. The ice cube will work efficiently and safely just by itself and needs no "help."
By courtesy of the Western Fire Journal, California and Ambulance Bulletin of the Electricity CouncIl.
ORGANISERS OF VOLUNTARY SERVICES -contd from page 12
Review from the "Nursing Times".
* Wherever the need The Voluntary Help Scheme at St. Thomas's Hospital, D. Boorer, with J Cullinan, Nursing Times, February 25, 1966. A Great Goodwill Voluntary Help at Fulbourn Hospital, ibid, October 7, 1966. Volunteers at Salford, Nursing Times, November 10, 1967.
tThe Use of Volunteers in Hospital: Conference at The Hospital Centre, Nursing Times, July 8, 1966, p. 907.
tOrganizers of Voluntary Services in Hospital. Jan Rocha. King Edward's Hospital Fund for London, lIs. 6d. post free in the U.K.
First Aid Training in Cheshire
In order to meet an increasing demand for First Aid training in Cheshire, the ma lority of centre committees have introduced Training SubCommittees within the centre. These were started in the early part of 1968, and consist of members of the Association and Brigade who are the holders of a lay instructor's certificate and anyone else who would like to have this qualification.
The sub-committee meet once per month, and after spending the minimum time on the organisation of present and future courses in the centre area, go on to their main work of increasing their own knowledge of First Aid subjects, di cussing different methods of pre senting First Aid subject and evaluating the late s t visual aids available to the First Aid instructor. Over the past year the work of these sub-committee ha meant that First Aid instruction has been given, both more reali tically and with a great deal more variety and therefore most effectively. To overcome a shortage of doctors in certain areas there has also been a move to increa e the level of instruction , and to this end a Lay Instructor' Course has been organised for three of the centres by the Cheshire Headquarters Centre In order that the lay instructors for the whole of the county could meet, a one-day conference was held at the Mid-Cheshire College of Further Education, Hartford , sponsored by the Nortbwich Centre. Between 50 and 60 lay instructors attended this conference which was chaired by Dr. G. Love , S B.SU ., the Chairman of Northwich Centre, and opened by K: C. Cook , Esq., K.StJ ., Regional I?lrector, St. John Ambulance A ociatlon. Guest speakers were Dr. G. O HLughes, M C, M B., Ch B ., M.R.CS. .R.C.P., Chairman of the Mancheter Centre and Chief Medical Officer North Western Ga Board. Dr. spoke about the organisation of
In s tructors' Courses and gave a great many useful ideas on this subject from his experience.
He also gave the conference an indication that the present instructor 's qualifications may be amended in the future and asked for the views of the conference on certain a pect of the proposed arrangements. This was followed by a display of vi ual aids which was organised by Mr. A. Brown and Mr. J A Dyas. The visual aids presented ranged from a blackboard, home-made flannelgraph , flexible magnetic board to overhead projectors and cine projectors. This display created a great deal of interest and emphasised the need for instruction on cheap, portable aids which can be produced by the instructor and are of immense value to him.
The conference was addressed by J . A. D. Rofe, Esq., M A., M.Ed., Barrister-at-Law and Principal of the South Cheshire Central CoJJege of Further Education. Mr. Rofe dealt with the theory behind any teaching technique and gave many useful examples of how the instructor could improve both standard and variety of his instruction.
The conference clo ed with the members being divided into small di cussion groups to discuss the various topics with during the day, and then commg together to form an open forum.
The conference was closed by Major S. J. Harvey, O SU. Deputy Chief Constable for Cheshire, who emphaised the remarks made by Mr. Cook in opening the conference that there wa a need for more instructors and for better instructors in Fir t Aid. He congratulated the Northwich Centre on the conference which was undoubtedly a success-made the more obvious by the unanimou vote of the conference to hold another one
ARE YOU IN THE RED?
§ pay you make a note in your diary. Subscription § § form on page 29. §
pneuma tress clinical airbedcontd. from page 10
multiple injuries, acute backache or any painful joint condition.
The elderly confused patient who becomes noisy for no apparent reason is often reacting to pain in the pressure areas- when thi s di sco mfort is relieved by the gentle rocking motion of the Pneumatress, he ceases both to be disturbed and a disturbance to others.
Alleviation of morning stiffness in patient s suffering from chronic arthritis is effected by the device, and its motion act s a a soporific on spasmodically violent patients suffering from mental disorders
HOW IT WORKS
The Pneumatress consists of two air cells constructed from heavily rubber-impregnated canvas, each approximately six foot long and one foot wide. These cells are positioned side by side on the bed frame BENEATH a conventional mattress. Each cell is inflated independently, one at a time, at fifteen minute intervals, causing the overmattress to be rocked from side to side silently, and to the occupant of the bed imperceptibly. This relieves the right and left sides of the body pressure alternately, thereby preventing pressure sores and keeping body fluids in motion. Air is supplied by a silent running pump connected by narrow gauge rubber hose to the cells-no electrical wiring comes into contact with the bed, so there is no potential threat to safety. The entire system can be packed into a space of about two cubic feet for transportation or storage when not in use.
HOW THE DESIGN WAS DEVELOPED
The Pneumatress was invented by a prominent orthopaedic surgeon, currently practising in Edinburgh. His experience of the problems of nursing orthopaedic patients, and his knowledge of the problems associated with traumatic, neuro-surgical and geriatric nursing led him to devi e a system which would ease patients' discomfort, speed their recovery and relieve nursing taff from an inefficient and timecon uming duty.
The Pneumatre s could ea e the live of thousands, and ha been enthusiastically welcomed by medical practitioner, hospital taff and patients who have been kind enough to put the prototypes to test.
The product wa developed and is manufactured by Carmanan Instrumentation Limited at East Kilbride.
Further details from Mr. G. D. Buchanan, Carmanan Instrumentation Ltd., Ea t Kilbride, Glasgow. Tel: East Kilbride 29122/3.
FflU/ly F/ue Peril
Accidents caused through carbon monoxide poisoning as a result of defective chimney flues could be a growing menace.
Deaths in London last year incl uded three in Kensington and Chelsea, through leakage of gases from flues erving solid fuel hot water boilers. Carbon monoxide, because it has no smell, is the most dangerous of flue gases.
But there i no danger if pe o ple take the right precautions. The Local Government Information Office advises
"If you are installing or renewing a boiler, or want to construct, repair, alter or line a flue chimney, make sure that the contractor gives notice of the proposed work to the District Surveyor," a spokesman tated. "A sound chimney of sufficient size, material and construction is vital to allow safe discharge of fuel gases. Even old flues found to be satisfactory could later become defective and, therefore, regular inspection by a contractor is necessary."
Another vital safeguard is to ensure that there is ventilation through air bricks or similar openings to the outside air. Further ventilation is required if a mechanical extractor fan is fitted in the room.
Advice on solid fuel appliance can be obtained from contractors whose names are available through the Coal Utilisation Council. In some cases, under the Clean Air Act, the local authority must also be informed where work is proposed to a boiler.
If works relate to a gas installation, the local office of the Gas Board should also be told.
Under building regulations a separate flue must be provided for each appliance, except where two appliances are in the same room. But it is recommended that only one flue should serve a boiler. Defects can develop in old chimneys and, if an old flue is to be used, then it should have its existing lining made good or be re-lined with a non-combustible material. Unusual weather conditions may also prevent flue gases from escaping to outer air through the defective chimney, and the poisonous fumes then escape inside the building.
The L.G.I.O. draws attention to the fact that local councils, Gas Boards, the Coal Utilisation Council, Institute of Petroleum, and firms maintaining or installing oil fired systems are always available to answer enquiries on the subject.
Finally, the Office warns, if unusual fumes are noticed in any part of the building, ventilation should be increased by opening the doors and windows and if the fumes can be traced to a heating appliance, the fuel should be turned off or raked out. Expert advice should be sought immediately.
Issued by the Local Government Information Office.
Safe, gentle and swift to heal-
Savlon
'Savlon' Liquid and tSavl on ' Cream are indispensable to your first aid kit. They gently clean a way dirt, killing the germs that would infect the wound. The antiseptics in both products are powerful, safe. They were discovered by I.C.I. and are now used extensively by doctors and hospitals in this country and overseas.
'Savlon' Antiseptic Cream 1/6, 2/6, 4/6, 8/3.
'Savlon' Liquid Antiseptic 1/8,3 /-,5 / 1.
Letters- continued from page 14
Dear Madam , I did not think much of the " Method s of article. I am a Hom e Office C.D. In st ructor (SpeCialist) In every subject will se nd you my.approach of a lesso!1 I give when teaching Lay In struc tors, I.e., a lesson In teachIng how to teac h. It i still based on.beginning, midd}e and e!1d, but as I teach thi every day, either to C.D., or FI.rst Aid Instructor s, 1 find that I can get It over qUite easily. I also include a Critici m Form so that .every wou ld-be Instructor i check ing on the faults of If he i last in out of twenty, he should have crit icized nineteen on faults-ensure that he doesn't fall into the same trap, and give an almost perfect lesson.
Dear Madam, Yours sincerely, V. S. Belmore.
(Chief Fire Brigade and Fir t Aid Officer, M .O. Defence)
GRAND PRIOR'S BAD GES.
With regard to recent corre pondence on this s ubject , I would like to make a few comments, having been connected with cadet work for 20 years.
] I would agree that the s ubjects give an advantage to the Nursing Cadet, but it does not make it impossible for a boy with a little "drive."
2. I would agree that the s ubject s tend to be Theory training rather than practical, making sessio ns a bit like school. Even here, this can be got over by time spent on making visual aids.
Your la st correspondent suggested the Grand Prior 's syllabus as not flexible enough, but I feel we must only include those subjects that can be included under welfare and service to the community.
We only have these yo ungsters for an hour or so a week, and just would not have time to include a varied syllabus as the Duke of Edinburgh Award scheme. I have been to conferences when it has been s ugge sted such s ubject s as bee-keeping sho uld be included. If we deviated from our St. John training, much First Aid and Nul' ing would suffer. I would have thought a Grand Prior badge shewed a reliable, public-spirited per on trained in public service, not in general knowledge or a Jack of all Trades!
If the Grand Prior's y llabu s is not enough to promote this type of per on, any officer could make extra use of the Duke of Edinburgh Award scheme and the two schemes (G.P. and D. of E.) would help each other.
Perhaps further correspondence could sugge t ways in which we could make it a little more attractive for boys, but I am quite certain that the main reason is that officers just do not try to put over proficiency s ubject They find it so much easier to find excuses and put on First Aid and Nursing instead at a training meeting.
Ever since I have been connected with cadet work, I have never found that our members talk about the Grand Prior's badge and their progre S towards it with the same enthusiasm a Scout talks about the Queen' Badge. If we could rever e thi s attitude our problem might ease. Yours si ncerel y, J. E. Smith. (A /S O, Surrey).
Dear Madam,
I would not wi h to crab the article on " Road Accident After Care" (November issue) , but it is perhaps more Suitable for Advanced Motorists than for sta ndard First Aiders. "Pulling out by frantic rescuers" is not my experience of St. John. The only times 1 have seen anything like it have been at motor races, where it appear to be policy, On account of the fire risk.
The sending of messages in both direction , flagging down cars, giving white objects to wave, and so on, seem less than essential for an uncon ciou casualty With a blOCked airway.
23
But the dangers from traffic are real enough. I have known of a st randed driver whose car was repeatedly grazed by Sunday traffic , but no-one would stop. I have had a who lost one leg and had the other severely fractured In several places, by being run into as he lifted his spare wheel from the boot.
My s ugges tions for St. John are:
I. Carry a reflecting triangle near your hand (not In the boot).
2. Pull off of the road, if you can, get out of your car, taking yo ur reflector with you.. . . .
3. Make a quick assessment of fire r.lsk and of I!lJunes. Switch ofT ignition and deal With the patient as urgency demands.
4. Organise messages and traffic control (thiS can often be done over your sho ulder whilst engaged in item 3).
5. Proceed with deliberate first aid as needed. The Auoresce nt jerkin s upplied by the is effective, but not cheap, and it is clumsy to Lighter. models are available. It is easy to run out of dreSSIngs and tnangular bandages merely in stoppi ng bleeding ,.especially in with bare arms and legs. It IS a good Idea to carry a plastiC bag full of clean, old linen or towels, in addition to your first-aid kit.
Yours faithfully, R. H. Percival , M.A., M.Ch ., F.R.C.S ., D .C. H. (County Surgeon, Kent).
Dear Madam,
Your Open Forum in the January set me .thinking, our struggling division do WIth some mention. An incident connected WIth St. John and our local ambulance.
Our members man the local County Ambulance every night and week-ends, doing 101 hours a week-we have been doing this for the past 34 years. .
I was duty driver, starting November 25. Tuesday bel!lg our practice night, our Superintendent was. at WIth 'fl u so I went to our Ambulance Hut , whIch IS separate the Ambulance station; the Hut is about three-quarter miles from my home, so my wife st0c:>d by: on the she has done this for years on practice Dlghts, and If a call come he jumps on her cycle to get me.
On November 26, just before 9 p.m., she received a call from Bracknell to transport an haemorrhage from Hungerford Newtown to Oxford , he da hed with message for me, outside the Ambulance Hut door she slipped and fractured her left leg.
Members inside the Hut were clearing up ready to go home, we got her inside the Hut on a blanket and I had to dash ofT to Oxford with the haemorrhage case. We have only one Ambulance at Hungerford, so an Ambulance was called from Newbury to take my wife to Battle Ho pital, Reading
For me it was a terrible journey to Oxford, usmg the R.T. ] was told of my v.ife's progress. We have had a laugh ince. I tell her she broke a leg to ave omeone' life, and of course it was very convenient to do it out ide the Ambulance Hut to give our member practise.
Another incident the ame time, the Ambulance attendant on the Newbury Ambulance that took my wife to Reading, received a damaged leg while starting his motor-cycle after being called to Hungerford.
At Battle Hospital he ,\ent in for an X-ray and found no bone broken.
Your sincerely, Alfred C. Eatwell. (Berk .).
( Leiters colltilllled 011 following page) 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Thi branch has been trying over the past five years to develop an annual inter-college First Aid Competition, and would like to appeal through your columns for more support.
The competition take place on the econd Saturday in May and is open to teams of staff and/or s tudents from colleges of all designations concerned with Further Education.
There must be many among your readers who are employed at such colleges as teachers, technician, administrative staff, porters and so on. To them I would say, "Can you not raise a team and join us? "
Full details and entry forms may be obtained from me at the address below.
Yours faithfully, A. T. Corless. Borough Polytechnic, Borough Road , London , S.E.l.
Dear Madam ,
I welcome any article bringing the benefit of camping to the notice of Brigade Officers, both Adult and Cadet, but the article by Farnborough Ambulance Cadet Division* ends shivers down my spine. They must have a strange copy of Brigade Regulations, for mine states (and I think you should put this in the blackest type you have): "NO ST. JOHN CAMP MAY BE HELD UNLESS SOME, BUT NOT NECESSARILY THE SAME, HOLDER OF THE APPROPRIATE ST. JOHN CAMPING WARRANT IS PRESENT IN THE CAMP AT ALL TIMES."
The Camping Warrant is the Brigade's insurance that no child under its care is being placed at risk from wellmeaning, but inexperienced Officers. The harm that can be done to children, camping under sub-standard conditions, may not only be physical, but serve to alienate them from camping if not the Brigade, for the rest of their lives.
The article, in my opinion does more harm than good to the cause it pretends to serve, and the fact that Farnborough were lucky enough to get away with it is something about which they should remain silent.
I am already needing to prepare instructions to London District to counter the harm the article has done and, in view of the wide influence exerted by the "Review", I urge in the interest of Cadets everywhere, that the Brigade do the same in the Brigade Circular.
Yours fai thfully , J. W. Nutt, D.S.O II. (District Camp Adviser, London).
*See December 1968 issue, and page 14.
Dear Madam,
During a recent tratntng session, we found that we had some time to spare, so I decided that we would discuss an article from the current issue of the " Review." The one I chose was "Road Accident After Care," by Dr. Alexander Mather, M.B.E., Institute of Advanced Motorists. Much information was achieved from the discussion.
First of all we were convinced that this article was aimed primarily at the untrained person, we all agreed that to act in haste could spell disaster, but most of us who have pulled up at road accidents, find that, Ambulances and Doctors, called as soon as the crash was heard, often arrive and leave without having treated any injury , finding that the only thing which was hurt was the pride of the motorists concerned.
It is suggested that you should park your vehicle as far away from the incident as possible, however, a fire tender called to the scene of a motorway crash will place itself between the accident and vehicles travelling on the same carriageway because of the bloody-minded ness of some motorists. I have had a car driven at me, while controlling traffic at the scene of an accident prior to the police arriving, therefore I would prefer my car to be dented rather than myself.
On the point of turning off the ignition, quite a few questions were asked, "Where do you find the keys and 24
switch?" [n mo t cars they are s ituated in a central position or in front of the driver on the control panel. The Hillman Imp ha s it switch on the facia panel surrounding the steering column, but being a low budget motori st m yself, I wouldn't know where to find the ignition sw itch on a Jaguar, Bentley or Rolls Royce.
Should the vehicle contain a diesel engine, any fiddling with keys will not stop the engine-thi is done by pulling the stop control on the left-hand s ide of the dri ver. In a diesel taxi it is s ituated on the dash-board or by raising the accelerator pedal, thi will s top the flow of fuel to the engine (remember that the accelerator pedal is the one at the driver's feet nearest the driver 's door). Should the vehicle have been travelling, the engine would have stopped but it i till necessary to turn the ignition off.
To make the car really safe it is neces sary to apply the hand brake which can be found in any of four po sit ion s, on the floor between the front sca ts, on the floor beside the driver' seat near the door, or on the lower part of the dash-board on either the left or right of the s teering column.
The latter two s hould be pulled towards the driver.
Should there be a smell of burning, we are told to disconnect the battery leads, so where's the battery ? On a Triumph Herald or Vitesse you release the bonnet clips at the ide and lift the bonnet forward, the battery is located on the bulkhead on the nearside of the car. Man y other cars bonnet locks are connected to the inside of the car, and after struggling to open the bonnet of a Mini you find that the battery is in the boot. Many vans carry their batteries under the front seats and there must be many more variations to this theme, but to di scon nect a batt ery you will need either a spa nner or screwdriver.
The paragraph dealing with casualties sho uld have its own meaning to the trained First Aider, who will attend to the priorities, breathing, bleeding, shock and fractures. If the condition of the casualtie allows them to be left in the vehicles, leave them there If they are pinned, treat them as far as you can, but get out of the way when the fire tender arrives; firemen are also trained in first aid and the casualty won't suffer at their hand s.
A person trapped beneath a vehicle, can often be released by jacking the vehicle off the ground. The car jack is made in many varieties and to the unknowing can prove hazard· ous. The rule is to jack and pack , that is raise the load by jack and pack the load with so lid objects to offset the danger of the jack slipping. Spare wheels from other cars would prove useful here. Don 't raise the vehicle to s uch an extent that it may overturn, or the car owner if not injured may be rather annoyed if it did
I hope that the comments J have made has whetted the appetite of the trained first aider and I am sure that they will be able to find many more problems I am s ure th at many car dealers will be glad to assist in sort ing out further queries. Dear Editor, Yours si ncerely , Leonard W Aldwinckle (Div. Officer , Stevenage (Broadwater) Combined Divi sion).
I very much appreciate the mention in the March issue of the St. John " Review " of my departure from Grosvenor Crescent and I thank you for this In case, in future years, a historian should use your paper as a source for his research, I feel that it would be proper for me to draw attention to one or two points.
I was appointed Secretary, St. John Ambulance A ssocla· tion on July 1, 1953, a post which I held until I left on February 28, ] 969. In this capacity, I was res ponsible for the day-lo-day administration of the As soc iation in England and overseas. The post of Secretary, Association Branch of St. John Ambulance, was created as a result of the merger I never held this appointment , though, naturally, I carried out the duties as a part of my work With all good wishes, Yours sincerely, J. E. F. Gueritz
m:be in tbe 3Realm of tbe Venerable Cl&rber of tbe Ti,}osp ital of $>t. 3Tobn of 3Terusalem anb llromotions
j!;)er .majestp ®ueen, j!;)eab of tbe ®rber of 3Tobn, bas approueb tbe following to anb 19romotions in tfJe ®rber
BAILIFF GRAND CROSS
Lewis Gilmour Whyte, F.F A
KNIGHT
Sir Willi a m Henr y Arnold, C.B E.
Sir Irving Bl anchard Gane, K.C. V.O.
Ra ymond Lee Bellwood, T.D.
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Varyl Begg, G.C B ., D .S.O., D .S.C.
Bruce Greatbatch, C.M.G., C.V O., M B.E
DAME
Sarah Muriel Grace Sigrid , Miss Watson
O.B.E.
The Lady Joan ewman Winifred Kate, Mrs. Elliott
CHAPLAIN AND SUB·PRELATE
The Rt. Re v. Ian Thomas R amsey, M.A., Lord Bishop of Durham
COMMANDER (BROTHER)
Major-General Sir Thomas John Willoughby Winterton, K.C B ., K.C.M.G., C.B E., D L.
OFFICER (BROTHER) Colin Elliott H a mling Alan William Sutherland
Thacker Dick Dr. Stanley De Bonnaire Kenneth R ichard Archer
All a n Livingstone Cowan
ASSOCIATE OFFICER (BROTHER) Ernest H arold Cluer M.R .C. S ., L.R.C.P.
OFFICER (SISTER) Yvonne Jo an, Mis Sinclair
SERVI G BROTHER
Hesketh
POLICE NATION AL FINALS
EDJ BURGH CITY POLICE ( o. 1), the Winners of the Police National First Aid Competitions, 1969, receivillg the Pim Challenge Trophy fro/11
Mr. 1 T. Manuel, H .M. inspect or of Constahl/lary. Ellgland and Wales. Sgt. C. Fisher (Capt.), Sgt. B POI 'CY, Sgt. C. Campbell, COllst. K Killill Const. 1 Tolmie (Res.).
DOCK MEDIC-ALERT-cont. from p.6
ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS
One group of tablets for treating depression is known as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Troublesome si de effects may be caused if certain foods and medicines are taken at the same time as treatment with this group of drugs. Patients taking monoamine oxida e inhibitors are issued with a card telling them to avoid all other medicines, certain food and alcohol. Should a first aider find this card on a casualty no special treatment is indicated, but he should bring the information to the notice of anyone involved in further treatment.
Look at the illustrations and, wherever possible, examine the actual cards and booklets. Without the information which these documents provide for certain patients your first aid treatment may be incomplete.
I HAVE EPILEPSY
Sometime called fits or cpnvulsions.
If I should be found uncon ciou , this is NOT becau se I have been drinking, but more probably becau e I have just had an epileptic attack.
Issued by the BRITfSH EPILEPSY ASSOC[ATION, 3-6 Alfred Place, London, W.C.l.
My na/lle is Address
T e l :
Nearest R e lati ve
If I should have a fit, please do not move me unless I am in danger, but leave a clear pace around me, loo se n my collar, and put something oft under my head. DO NOT re trict my movement, DO NOT give me anything to drink, DO NOT lift me up.
It is not necessary to call an ambulance, the police, or a doctor unless I do not recover con ciousness in a few minutes.
I u ually recover consciousness in minutes.
1 am under the care of:
DIABETICS
IMPORTANT
The bearer of this card is a diabetic and takes In s ulin. In the event of s udden confusion or faintness plea e give 2
CHESHIRE CONSTABULARY, the Winn e rs o/the Women's Sectioll of the Police National First Aid Competitions, 1969, rece iving th e City of Londoll Rose Bowl from Mr. 1. T Manuel, H.M Insp ec tor of Constabulary, Englalld and Wal es. P.W. Sgt. M. Cornall (Capt.), P W. D. Cook, P W S. Strallge, P. W. S. Davies 26
Front and reverse of card issued by the British Epilepsy Association.
The use of any particular appliance, equipment, medicament or preparation advertised in the "Review" is not necessarily endorsed for first aid purposes.
of
on
Instructions to Patients:
While t akin g thi s d r ug and fo r 10 d ays after y our treatment fini s hes you m u s t ob ser ve the following s imple instruction s :
1. On no account take an y other M E DICINE S (including tablets , capsules nose drops inhal a nt o r suppo sitories) whether purchased b y y ou from a chemi st or previou sly prescribed b y y ou r docto r, with out fi rs t co nsulting him.
NB Cough and Cold Cures } Tonic s Laxat ives
Pain R e lieve r s A re Me dicin es
2 Avoid CH EESE, BOVRIL, O X O , MARMITE, BROAD B E ANS Keep a car ef ul note of ANY FOOD THAT DISAGREE S with y ou , a void it and tell your doctor.
3 A v oid ALCOHOL ab solutel y. Report any unusual or severe symptoms to your doctor.
MEDIC-ALERT EMBLEM
Front of disc , worn on stainless steel c hain bracelet.
STEROID PATIENTS
INSTRUCTIONS
1. DO NOT STOP taking the steroid drug except on medical advice. Always have a supply in reserve.
2. In case of feveri sh illness , accident, operation (emergency or otherwise) , diarrh cea or vomitin g, the s teroid treatment MUST be continued Your doctor ma y wish you to have a LARGER DOSE or an INJECTION at such times.
3. If the tablets cause indi gestion consult your doctor AT ONCE.
4. Always carry thi s card while r eceivin g steroid treatment and show it to an y doctor denti s t , nur se or midwife whom you ma y consult
5. After your treatment has fini shed you mu s t still tell an y new doctor , dentist , nur se or midwife that y ou have had steroid treatment.
I AM A PATIENT ON STEROID
TREATME NT which mu s t not be s topp ed abruptl y a nd in case of int erc u rre nt illn e m ay have to be inc reased
REVIEW CROSSWORD No. S
Compiled by W. A Po tte r
Reverse of disc, with engraving
Full d e tail s are a vaila ble from th e ho spital or general practitioners shown ov e rleaf.
Note. A llergies are of e xtr e m e importanc e I hav e had a gr e at d e al of e xp e ri e nc e in this and fortunat e ly e ith e r m e dical aid or th e r e m e d y has b ee n a v ailabl e in tim e to a v oid a fatality.
Asthmatic pati e nts ar e particularly v ulnerable and a drug which is a cur e for on e is a KILLER for anoth e r. So if y ou kno w of any r e m e d y which could pro ve, at worst fatal , this information sh o uld b e carr ie d at all tim e s. Editor.
L _____________________ --l itllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII\¥,
WIPE UP FIRST AID
(See ins id e back cove r)
A tea towel (7 s .), printed on Iri sh linen with Firs t Aid hints, i s available from the Stores Department, Order of S1. John, Priory Hou s e, Sf. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C.1. Obviou sly it i s impo ss ible to cover all accidents in the home, s o the empha si s i s on the treatment of:-
BURNS AND SCALDS
BROKEN BONES
RES U SCITATION
BLEEDING
Just in ca s e your tea towel is in the washing machine when you need to refresh your memory on what to do - suggest you buy two s o that there is always one to hand.
6. In va lid
7. F un ctio n a l un it of the ki d ney.
8 T hi s wo m an's itch m
14. Fight for waste m aterial.
15 D o ret urn o u r smell
17. G iven in some form to a ll our patients
19. D eath of a par t of a b one.
2 1, Cessatio n of respiration due t o washing-out of CO 2 from bl ood by over- b reathing.
23. M anufact u ring method for part of scapula or vertebra.
Do wn: 1, P in -point pupi ls; 2, R ancour; 3, Mote; 4, Dip lopia; 5, L avage; 6, R are; 7, Cuirass; 8, Lobar pneumonia; 14, Poker; 15, Vomer; 18, P leurisy; 20, Sensory; 22, Ischium; 23, Bad egg; 27, Live; 28, Lava.
1. Breath - taki n g way to die.
7. R eversed form of sebaceous cyst recently discovered.
9. R arebit for J udge.
10 Set a lip i n club-foot.
11. Signs of in ert gas.
12. Penal reform for N.H.S. pa tients.
13. Some of the rib and part of the pelvis.
16. B urn and bed for French neurologist whose joints occu r in tabe dorsalis.
18. Eleme n tal essential for f unctioning of thyroi d g land.
20 Father behind time eparating cavities of mo u th and nose.
22. P ara lysis a n d deform ity of the arm due to injury to the brachial p lexus at bir th
25 Half of laxat ive from seaweed.
26. W et i n vers ion in steamer for cooked meat d ishes
28. Verte b rae fused toget h er in coccyx.
31 Been ro u nd N ew Zea la n d and finally east for poisono us hydrocar bon.
32. Three times a n d adden du m for muscle.
33 Caffei n e contai n in g d ecoctio n
34. Sore has d irt pro du cing fixation of joint.
DOWN
1. Descri pt ive d eform ity of fin ger ca use d b y di visio n of fl ex o r te nd o n
2. If b ack befo re li t tl e b rot h er a nd m ot her we get b eni gn t um o u r.
3. T a ke n o th in g w ith teta nu s pro phyla ct ic in cerea l.
4. Arches in the ch es t.
5 Feelin g very we ll a m o n g fl owers.
To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John, 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1.
Please supply / renew* St. John Review commencing with the issue I enclose 17/ - for 1 year
Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John.
OLD EYES FOR NEW
You and thousands more of us-ordinary men and womenmay now give sight to someone who is, at this n1oment, blind.
Because this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back their vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
Eyes of all colours are equally valuable, and it does not matter if you have worn spectacles for years.
If you are not as young as you were, do not feel that your offer will be less valuable. Strangely enough, it will be more so: the eyes of older people are even better for this purpose.
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shall benefit, it is essential that there should be many more willing donors than will ever be called upon.
His Majesty King Hussein of Jordan has donated his eyes to the Order's Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem.
Mark all correspondence "CORNEAL GRAFTING" addressed to:
The Director-General, The Royal National Institute for the Blind, 224 'Great Portland Street, London, W.I. 30
ADVERTISEMENTSCLASSIFIED
ADVERTISING AGENTS
T. G. Scott & Son Ltd., 1, Clement s Inn, Strand, London, W.C.2. (Tel.: 01-242 6264)
PENS FOR Fl} D G. "-We supply ball pens with your Bngade name, etc at competitive wholesale rates .-THOMPSON & CREIGHTO , 202,
Classified Rates:
Semi-display, £3 10s. s.c.i. (minimum £1 10s.)
Non-Trade, 9d. per word (minimum 10s.)
Trade, 1s. per word (minimum 15s ) Box No. 2s. 6d. extra.
Page size (Trimmed):
Screen: Text pages 100
Copy date: 1st of the month preceding publication.
Publication: 27th of month preceding cover date.
Agency commission: 10%.
FOR SALE
SJ.A.B. Badge Wall Shields, 35s 6d.; SJ A.B. Gold Cased Crested Cuff Links, 63s Medal ribbons I s 6d. each on buckram for sewing on uniform, 2s each fIbbon mounted on pin brooch; Regulation medals mounted 3s. 6d. per medal on brooch Miniatures for. - MONTAGUE JEFFERY, Outfitter, St. Glles Street. Northampton (4)
BALL-PENS , Diarie , Note Pads , Keys, Fobs , Pencils , Gold-stamped Brigade name or Personal name ralse funds quickJy--e asil y. Detail - Northern NoveWe Bradford, 2. (22)
ORGANISERS OF BAZAARS, FETES AND FUNDS. We welcome both personal buyers and mail orders for our range of toys and stationery at wholesale pnces. Send for price lists. Also pre-selected parcels: 144 Toys, or 72 Is. Toys; or 38 I s. II d. Toys, or Toys Is. lld. to 5s. 11 d.; or Selection Assorted tatIOnery. Each parcel 54s., plus 4s. 6d. po tage. Two or more parcels 6s. postage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuilley) LTD., 2a, Handsworth Road, London, N.l7. (18)
SUPPORT STOCKINGS and relief for all leg troubles. Sheer and fashIOnable appearance. Perfect goods at amazing low prices. See Octob er, November, or December Issues for details, or write: Cilia Jane Hosiery Co. Ltd., 53-55, London Road , Cowplain, PortsHants. Requests for literature and quantity _ dIscounts welcomed. (16)
(Continued overleaf)
Edwina Mountbatten Trust
In 1967 the Edwina Mountbatten Tru t gave grants totalling nearly £8,000 to it three beneficiarie, the St. John Ambulance Brigade, the Save the Children Fund and the nUL ing profes ion. The grant to the St. ] ohn Ambulance Brigade went toward e tablishing a mountain rescue training centre for young people in Snowdonia; that to the Sa ve the Children Fund towards a unit for undernouri hed children in Tanzania; and the grant to the nur ing profe sion were u ed = for research into management technique, = a nursing project in a South Wales unit for the treatment of drug and drink addiction, and for teaching equipment in nur e training
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, LC.1
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates accepted at the age of 17 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students, Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped School of Nursing. Successful candidates, on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses' Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert Hall, Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tennis Court. Active Social Club.
Applications in writing to the Matron. (8)
MOORFffiLDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l
Vacancies exist for State Enrolled Nurses to enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing. Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing.
Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board.
Opportunities for promotion and practical responsibility in the specialist field of nursing.
Apply to Miss M. B. MacKellar, Matron. (26)
Please address all material for the magazine and queries, to the Editor, address on page one. Any queries regarding press notices, exhibition material, except when relating to the REVIEW, should be addressed to:Miss O'Connor Press Secretary St. John Ambulance
1 Grosvenor Crescent
London, S.W.1
Tel.: 01-235 5231
THE EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN TRUST IS THE MEMORIAL TO A GREAT WOMAN
The proceeds of the sale of this book goes to a fund which supports St. John, the nursing profession and children aU over the world.
In February 1960 we were stunned by the news of her death. In 1969 we can remember her by contributing to the interests for which she gave her life.
EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN
HER LIFE IN PICTURES
Compiled and Edited by Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock
Superintendent-in-Chief, st. John Ambulance Brigade
Like strolling into town and holding up the bank! It's a bit too risky! ! ! Why not try the quick, easy and safe way, by selling Christmas and Everyday cards, sundries and gifts from the superb Webb Ivory 1969 range
We at Webb Ivory pride ourselves on giving the same first class service to all organisations , no matter what their size Generous profit margins, prompt and efficient attention to orders, bonus payments, exclusive designs.
Don't take chances, aim at making 1969 a great on-target year for fund raising Send now for your copy of the FREE full colour Webb Ivory Card and Gift brochures.
OLD EYES FOR NEW
You and thousands more of u s-ordinary men a nd womenmay now give sight to someone who is , at thi s moment , blind .
Because this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back their vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
Eyes of all colours are equally valuable , a nd it do es n ot matter if you have worn spectacles for year s .
If you are not as young as you were , do not feel th a t you r offe r will be less valuable. Strangely enough, it will be more S O : t he eyes of older people are even better for thi s purpo se.
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shall benefit, it is essential that there should be many more willing donors than will ever be called upon.
Hi
Majest
Mark all corresponden ce " CORN E AL GRA FTI N G " addressed t o : The Director-Gener a l, The Royal National In stitute for the Blind , 224 'Great Portland Street , London , W.l
THE ST. JOHN REVIEW
is with pr o fo und regret that we announce the death of sm HARRY L U KE , K.C.M. G , D.Litt.
National
The
The Superintendent-in-Chief's Overseas Tour
Chairs and the Chair Lift, b y B Allpoint, Ware Ambulance D ivision
(Prince of W ales' Dis trict) First Aid Finals R e ults
Letters
Appeals Corner
Crossword No.6
SUPREME EFFORT
A/C. JUNIOR MARTIN CROUCHER, in spite of a weak ankle, volunteered to take part in a charity walk to raise money for St. John. At 8t years old, he must have been of the contestants-his sponsors offered lOs. per mile, and he completed 22 miles. A splendid effort. 2
LOOKING AROUND
I would like to appeal to the reader who constantly sends in letters from phoney addresses criticising the senior officers of the Brigade at all levels. Thi type of letter must be checked and, as everyone knows, there is opportunity for freedom of speech in the "Review" but this does not mean liberty or licence. It is childish at best and an extremely irritating and unnecessary waste of the Editor's time-so please lay-off.
GOLD AWARD
Miss Margaret Wright, a former member of the Bowes Park Nursing Division, London District, now training as a physiotherapist, received her Duke of Edinburgh' Gold Award in March this year.
NEWS IN BRIEF
Wales. Mrs. Annette Corfield, a member of the Newton Nursing Division is one of six members chosen to represent the Brigade at the Investiture of H.R.H. Prince Charles in Caernarvon.
Northern Ireland. The Governor of Northern Ireland, Lord Grey, was installed as a Knight Commander of the Order, Commandery of Ards, by the Lord Prior, The Lord Wakehurst, on April 25, 1969. Subsequently he carried out an Investiture of members admitted to or promoted in the Order.
Bedfordshire. Mr. Jackson, Dun table Ambulance Division, who is giving a welcome boost to the "Review" at an exhibition, suggests that wherever the Brigade has a stand or di play that it might be valuable, both for our circulation and also for the public (and members) to have a few copies available. The crunch comes becau e, on the whole, these copies would have to be free and the number of copies are limited - 0 please help in this way if you can but under tand that it may not be possible to supply up-to-date numbers. However, there are still plenty of promotion leaflets available from store at the Gate.
Work has started on the new Corp Headquarters at Luton and should be ready by May, 1970. It will cost £32,000 of which £8,000 has still to be raised. Lady Zia Wernher, County President has started the new appeal off with a donation of £200.
Berkshire. The County Competition was won by Great Western Ambulance Division, Reading, but Abingdon can also hold their heads high. Three members of the same family did extremely well.
AIM G. Richards was in the Ambulance runnersup team, his son Christopher won the Artificial Respiration ection, Cadets, and his daughter Valerie was a member of the Nursing Cadet Division which came second. The winners in the Nursing section were Windsor. Ambulance Cadets, Abingdon, and Nursing Cadets, Cookham.
Bristol. In Cheddar, people are digging a "wishing well" in aid of St. John, Scouts and Guides as a "thank you" for their work during last year's floods.
Buckinghamshire. Ambulance Cadet Leader Andrew Gove (whose father is Commissioner, Central Area) became the first Grand Prior's Badge winner in High Wycombe. Cadet Sergeant J. O'Donague, who received a Commendation for first class first aid, is well on his way to becoming the econd holder of the Badge, he has elev.w proficiency subjects.
Cheshire. Mrs. E. Leach has recently retired as Superintendent, Runcorn Nursing Division. She was presented with a string of pearls. Mrs. Leach has been a member of St. J obn for over 30 years. Her husband is Superintendent of the Ambulance Division.
Cumberland and Westmorland. Colonel G. M. Kinmont retires this month after six years as Commissioner. Nursing Cadet Sergeant Patricia Halfin, Wigston & Silloth Division, has completed over 1,000 hours voluntary service, most of it at the Silloth Convalescent Home.
Dorset. In January this year Mrs. A. C. R. Pope, O.B.E., retired a President of the Dorchester Nursing Division and was ucceeded by Mr. E. A. W. Williams. Mrs. Pope had been President since 1945 and is President of the National Association of Flower Arrangements Societies which has raised large sums for charity.
Co Durham. Councillor Robert Bell Carr, Superintendent of the Durham City Ambulance of which he was a founder member, is the City's new Mayor.
Hampshire. Heather Sanders (14), Alverstoke Nursing Cadet Division, has completed over 600 hours of voluntary duty and wa presented with her badge by the Mayor of Gosport. Mo t of her work was at the Northcott House Old Home. She hopes to become a nurse.
The Secretary-General of the Order of St. John gave a talk about the Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerualem at the Poole Centre at which the Chairman, Mr . D. R. Galton, commented on the very large number of candidates attending cour es. As the majority were factory employee it is hoped to run special cla ses for them in future.
A holiday camp for pas tics was organi ed by the Brigade in Dorset and Hampshire at Weymouth in April. Cadets from these areas have al 0 helped at the camp for di abled at Woodlarks in Surrey.
He rtf ordshire. Earlier this year the St. Albans Nursing Cadet Divi ion were pre ented with a new flag by the Parents Committee. The Dedication and Blessing were performed by Dr. W. M. S. West. Isle of Man. The Commissioner-in-Chief, Lieut.General Sir William Pike carried out an Inspection (Continued Oil page 4)
N.D.L.B.
FIRST FIRST AIDER
(Results on page 15)
LOOKING AROUND COl1fd. from page 3 and presented awards, including nine Grand Prior's Badges , during a visit to the island in May. He also presented the Deemster Cowley Cup to Nursing Cadet Joyce Carter as Best Cadet of the year. Lancashire. Superintendent Tony Morley, Maghull Ambulance Cadet Division opened a Water Safety campaign in April. He said: "The idea is to promote water safety by teaching young ,People to improvise in saving life instead of runnmg off in a panic." An old Mersey (converted) barge was u sed as the Brigade's "floating H.Q." on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. number of received special instruction. It IS that .it wIll prove an attracti0l! for pe.ople, especlally chIldren, not directly assoclated With St. John" but whose immediate action might mean the dlfference between life and death. Rochdale Grand Prior Badge winner John Hall (16), received the award from Area Commissioner G. Spencer. John joined the Bdgade in 1962 and in October last year transferred to the Adult Division.
London District. Ley ton and Ley tons tone Ambul ance Divi sion's Su perin tendent, Mr. George Evans, transferred to the retired list recently. He will be greatly mis ed by his colleagues. He fol-
lowed in father's footsteps when he joined the Division in 1934 and then became their Superintendent. In the letter from the Division it is stated that they very much hope Mr. Evans will give them the pleasure of hi company whenever he wi he to visit their headquarter5.
Nottinghamshire. Sutton Colliery Nursing Cadet Division now have their own flag. After month of fund rai ing activities- jumble ales, concerts and ales of work they achieved their ambition and the Dedication and Ble sing was performed by the Rev. D. A. Biggar, Vicar of Skegby. The service also marked the third birthday of the Division which, in this hort period, have gained 21 ° proficiency certificates and given over 2,800 hours of voluntary service.
I thought the next item sent in by Nottinghamshire was either for future Mi s World or Mr. Universe as it starts off "A body building quiz." However, not to worry, it was a quiz on basic Fir t Aid on the T.V. "Univer ity Challenge" pattern. Corp Surgeon Dr. B. Baker was the quiz master (competition devised by CISlO. W. A hmore), and was won by the Southern Area Team, who defeated the Creswell team by 90 mark to 82.
of jilllajestp <laueen Qfli?abetb to jJobn's
MAJESTY THE QUEEN WITH ALDERMAN R. E. TROTT, J.P., Mayor of Islington on her arrival at The Gate.
On Thursday, November 28, 1968, the Order of St. John witne sed the first visit of a Sovereign Head, and indeed that of a reigning monarch since before the Di olution, to its Headquarters in Clerkenwell, London.
On the last occasion of a royal vi it, King Henry VIII was received here by Grand Master de L'Isle Adam on May 15, 1529. The Grand Master, then the head of the Order, was on a visit to England, and during that cordial meeting at St. John's Gate Henry promised him 20,000 ducats towards the expenses of an expedition for the recovery of Rhodes which the Order had lost to the Turks in 1522.
This gift ultimately took the form of nineteen bronze cannon with 1,023 cannon balls. Her Majesty the Queen saw one of these during her conducted tour of St. John's Gate, the Grand Church and Crypt. In 1906 it had been dIscovered by a sponge-fisher in Famagu ta harbour, buried in and and mud, and until the end of British rule in Cyprus in 1960 it stood in front of Government House, Nicosia. It i numXlIII and bears the arms of King Henry VIII hlmself and those of the Grand Master.
. <?n this occasion the purpose of Her Majesty's VISIt was to view her portrait, lately commi sioned by the Order and painted by Mr. Leonard Boden.
5
This magnificent portrait of Her Majesty as Sovereign Head of the Order hangs above the fireplace in the Chapter Hall, which is adorned with other portraits of Sovereign Heads and tho e of Grand Priors. Amongst them is E. Caruana Dingli' fine portrait of Her Majesty's grandfather, King George V, and a more recent portrait is that of the present Grand Prior, H.R.H. the Duke of Gloucester, painted by Simon Elwes in 1956.
Whilst in the Chapter Hall the Lord Prior, Lord Wakehur t, invited Her Maje ty to sign the vellum Homage Roll of the Order, on which Her Majesty' name has been beautifully inscribed by Mr. Percy Collings the Heraldic Arti t. The Homage Roll, which bears the names of all members, goes back to 1888 when Queen Victoria granted the Order her Royal Charter, by which it became a British Order of Chivalry. The Queen became Sovereign Head and appointed the Prince of Wales, afterwards King Edward VII, to be it Grand Prior.
By the Statutes of the Order the reigning monarch i it Sovereign Head, and ever ince 1888 the Grand Priors have been members of the Royal Family. Royal Charter were granted by Her Maje ty Queen Elizabeth IT in 1955 and 1958. By that of 1955 the prefix "Venerable" granted by the Charter of King George V in 1926 was expanded into "Mo t Venerable."
John Warburton
HER
HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN shakin g with Mr s C T.
E van s , w if e o f the f o rm er S ecr e tar y -Gen eral and present Re gis trar
o f th e Ord er (ex tr em e l e ft) Th e prese ntatio n s we r e mad e b y th e
L o rd Pri o r , th e L o rd Wak e hurs t. Also in the picture, C o l o nel
Philip Call , Direct o r o f C er e m o ni es, The C o mmiss io ner-in-Chief , and Lad y Pike.
HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN WITH SIR STEW ART DUKE-ELDER. Hospitaller of the Order, during her visit to the Gate. Tn the foreground is a model of the Order's Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem.
For the benefit of new readers it will be of interest to know that, until the recent troubles , the Ophthalmic Hospital, Jerusalem, one of the most up-to-date in the world, treated over 150,000 outpatients and performed an averageof5,000majoroperations annually since it was opened in 1960. It is supported entirely by voluntary contributions, both from members of the Order and its Foundations and by industry.
One of the "miracles" performed at the Hospital by Sir Stewart and Dr. Arthur Boase and their team, was restoring the sight of a woman who had been totally blind for over thirty years.
In addition to the work at the Hospital , the OrJer contributes to the research for prevention and cure of Trachoma, the greatest scourge in the Middle East. The value of this work is inestimable, not only from humanitarian and social view point, but also it has great economic significance, becau se blindness , sometimes almost from birth, cau ses great suffering to the family and produces a huge problem of workless in the countries concerned
Significant steps have been made in the treatment and prevention of eye diseases in recent years in which the Order has played a prominent part.
MR. LEONARD BODEN , who painted Her Majes t y' s portrait , pictured in his studio pUlling the fini shing t ouches to a portrait of the lat e
H.R H. The Prin cess R oyal , commissioned by Th e R oyal Corps of Sig nals. H e usually wo rks on fiv e or s ix pictur es at a time. Th e o th er t wo portraits in th e pictur e ar e of Mr. Donald Sinder , as Lord Foppington in " The R elap se" and Tito Gobbi as S carpia ill "La Tas ca. " His wife is also a well-known artist and th eir daughter a talent ed harp ist
Warburt OD
THE ART OF NURSIN G
By EDITH CA RR UTHERS
Assistant Tutor. Dewsbury School of Nursing
MRS. E. CARRUTHERS, S.R.N., S.C.M., R.F.N.
My title "The Art of Nursing" was decided upon with some feeling, because so often nowadays Nursing is l ooked upon as just another job. Surely no one will deny the fact that Nursing is an art, especially when we know that the definition of an art is "The systematic use of knowledge and skill in making or doing things." I am applying that not only to professional nurses, but to St. John members also. Please notice that the two words used were knowledge and skill. Anyone with average intelligence can acquire the necessary knowledge, but the skill is something that comes only after years of practice and experience and I may add, that to some it never comes at all!
Nursing is not something essentially of the mind, but of the soul as well, something one feels for his fellowmen, and to those lucky ones who acquire both the knowledge and the skill, it surely must be one of the most rewarding of all the arts.
It was Florence Nightingale who said that "To stand still is to regress." How very true that statement is, because to be a good nurse one cannot afford to stand still. There is always another day and with each new day that dawns comes new knowledge and new skillsso much so that it is almost impossible to keep abreast of them sometimes.
As an Area Nursing Officer I do my level best to keep my area well informed and up to date, but that is not enough. Members must play their part by developing an inq uisitive mind and a thirst for new knowledge. They must not be satisfied that they know their St. John book off backwar ds, for it is not -the Bible. Every available piece of information from newspapers, books or magazines must be read. A wise old counsellor said "We read that we may minister not only to their bodies through our textbook knowledge, but to their minds with our varied interests and broadened outlook." The more I read the more I realise how little I know. Hardly ever a day goes by when I do not feel that I have learned something new and interesting. Officers, and in particular Nursing O fficers, should help in the acquiring of that knowledge. It is a well known fact that teachers tend to teach what they themselves are most interested in, therefore, it is important to find someone who is really interested in the Brigade. Although I am not decrying in any way the wonderful work done by complete strangers to the Brigade being an ex-cadet myself certainly helped me to understand the idiosyncrasies of the Brigade. Most trained nurses are rather alarmed at this attitude of knowing the book b ackwards, and sticking to it rigidly
T hey are taught to be much more flexible than that, whic h means that they may not do things exactly as the book says and whi lst I am fully aware that there are onl y t wo ways of doing a job, the wrong and the r ight-t he re are often many ways of arriving at the right way and sometimes a di fferent approach shou ld serve to broa d en one's o u tlook. It is said that the "Art of leadership is delegation." Officers should try to practise this, 8
they should not try to run the division on their own.
The Nur ing Officer must be given a definite job to do each time she comes to a meeting. If she is treated as a fellow officer and kept well informed, in return she will give very good and loyal service.
To be a good nurse one mu t have most of the essential qualities, but I do not hesitate to add that to my mind the most outstanding of these qualities is the ability to be observant. The doctor relies on skilful observations to make a correct diagnosis, therefore she is the doctor s eyes and ears throughout the whole of the time the patient is in her care.
I have always maintained that it is the little things in life that are of the greate t importance and so it is with a good nurse. How often have we seen a meal returned from a patient untouched without anyone asking " why?"' huge helping of meals put before frail old people, when just a drink would suffice; left-handed patients struggling with rigbt-handed lockers; patients being treated like imbeciles and nitwits because they dare to ask some details about their illness or treatment; meals covered with gravy, sauce or cu tard, without asking the patient's preference; or no one thinking to pull the screen around a visiting minister or distressed relatives It is harder still to understand nurses who get impatient and annoyed at what they call- over-anxious relatives
We have only to put ourselves in their position to find all the answers we need. It grieves me terribly to hear it said that we can now produce machines that will take over a patient's breathing, circulating, kidney functions -even think for him, but we still cannot produce nurses who will provide tender, loving care for the patients. Is it true that we are not providing this very basic elementary need for the patients? If what the Sunday papers have been saying lately is true, we are certainly not providing it. I have given it a lot of thought lately and can only corne to the conclusion that if a girl has not got these very necessary qualities by the time she i 18 years old, there is not a hospital in England which has the slightest hope of her acq ui ring them throughout her training. These are qualities that are instilled into a girl long before she takes up nursing; they come, I would think, from a discipli ned and loving home, and parents that teach tolerance, love of neighbour and unselfishness.
A good nurse should be prepared to do everything for a patient that he cannot do for himself. She must , if I may use a popular saying " Bridge that Gap." She must be the consciousness of the unconscious-the eyes of the blind-the leg of the amputee- the love of life for the suicidal. She must not only have a sense of dedication, but a sense of sympathy; a sense of humour and above all common sense. How very reassuring a kind word, a sm il e, or the touch of a hand must be to a sick person. It is such spon'
(Concluded 011 page 26)
Knights of Malta
The Sovereign Military Order of St. John § show they are not history
After 900 the Kn ights of Malta are still waging war on suffering 111 many dlfTerent parts of the world. "The old changeth, place to new," it might be said Without Irreverence to elthe.r or to Tennyson, today the movement IS glrd1l1g itself with renewed SPIrIt and purpose.
The Maltese cross on relief workers' Vletn.am or West Africa is a sign that the order IS not a relic of history but is still very much alive.
Few to the smart shopping street, Via Condotti, here !ealIse that. half-way along lies a palazzo which is technIcally not 111 Italy It is the extra-territorial headquarters of one of oldest surviving orders of chivalry, the Sovereign MIlitary Order of the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Maltacommonly called the Knights of Malta.
CHANGING IMAGE
ItalJ:' is among 33 countries which recognises the Order's sovereignty. and maintain diplomatic relations with it. The Order has ItS own number plates on vehicles and its own stamps, though these are not accepted for international mailing
The Knights, es entially Roman Catholic in outlook about 9,000 throughout the world. The Order takmg steps to get away from the image of an exclusive club of C?ld with glittering uniforms but little to do. It a renewal with the aim of returning ItS C?ng1l1al mls lon, of succouring the sick, l[[especlive of race, religIOn, or politics, which is also .the poliCY of the Most Venerable Order of St. John and ItS Foundation, the Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem and the. St. John Ambulance which el!lbraces the teaching (non-uniformed branch) and the uniformed First-Aiders throughout England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Commonwealth.
this it particularly seeks to attract young people Its ranks .. no insists on noble blood, but says It wants nobIlity of SPIrIt and a willingness for elf-sacrifice.
EPIC SIEGE
.!he Order descends from the "hospitallers" whom the Crusaders found already present in Jerusalem in 1099 Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land who had Sick. formal status by a Papal Bull in 1113 e Order was driven out of Palest1l1e by the Saracens in 1291. It then occupied and ruled Rhodes from 1310 till expelled by the Turk in [522.
olJhe of sO.me of Europe's greatest and est famliles, were 111 1530 given Malta' there they withstood an epic siege by the Turks in 1565' but were driven by Napoleon in 1798. Since then tl;ey have had no .euRltory to rule and have maintained their headquarters Ifl ome since 1834.
MT.he presen.t revival is going C?n under Fra' Ange[o de MoJana, a MIlanese lawyer, who III 1962 was e lected Grand f equiva lent to the Order's "Head of State." Driving Olce IS the new Grand Chancellor (the Order's "prime 9
minister"), Quintin Gwyn, appointed in January, 1968. Of Welsh Gwyn :vas born i.n Norwich, but is actually a Canadian and senior executive of a large Canadian company.
oLltstar:ding example of a return by the Order to its Original role IS provided in South Vietnam. Since September, 1966, the German branch of the Order has maintained a team of about 45 doctors, nurse, and relief workers25 - to tend the sick and refugees in Quang Nam prOVInce.
TEACHING T R AD ES
The team, who run three medical centres and teach refugees trades as m?tor engineering and carpentry, have often 10 the thick of the fighting. A condition of their work IS that they shall aid people from both sides and they have never been molested even by the Vietcong. Count :yolfgang von Ballestren, Hospitaller of the Order, sald:- They have done magnificent work." A Germar: from P?lish Silesia-and a refugee himself-the Count IS responslb[e for the Order's relief activities throughout the world. The German team helped people in warvillages sometimes not knowing whether they Vietcong ?r pro-Government, he said. In 1967 they aided 110,000 VIetnamese.
RELIEF W O RK
T heir frequently led them through Vietcong-held terntory. When our ambulances with the Ma[te e Cross passed along a road nothing happened. But when American vehicles passed they were always fired on," the Count said.
This the have set up in Geneva a special co mmlttee to consider the problem of leprosy. Their other relief work, such as in Vietnam and Biafra and their many less dramatic activities in numerous othe; countries, are being co-ordinated under the "International Assis.tance of the Order of Malta," which was formed at a meetIng of leaders of the Order here in October.
Based on an article printed in THE GLASGOW HERALD, Thursday, December 26, 1968.
DIAMOND JUBILEE
MALTA DISTRICT ST . JOHN AMBULA N CE
Sep tem ber 6 - 14, 1969
Full details of the programme and what to wear will be circulated hortly. Due to the fanta tic demand to attend the programme published in the May 1968 edition of "Review" has had to be revi ed.
"" EastbouJrne
MR. COLIN BURDEN and MR. BRIAN FIELD members of the Eastbourne ambulance service, stationed at Dursley Road, received an emergency call, and on the way to the hospital their patient, Mrs. Judy Davis, gave birth to a baby boy.
A/ M. Brian Field commented "Both of us have had emergency childbirth instruction." From the press report it would seem that all concerned are "doing well."
'RlfillIJE IN IICTI()N
WANTAGE
PICTURE SHOWS MEMBERS of the Wantage St. John Ambulance treating a casua lt y at the Lockinge Point-to-Point meeting. Oddly enough it was a "runaway" vehicle which caused the accident when it crashed into a tent. The prompt and efficient action of the members on duty was highly praised by both the bystanders and the organisers of the event.
MANSFIELD TOWN v. WEST HAM match in February. A barrier collapsed and picture shows one of the casualties receiving treatment.
CORPORAL KEVIN MOSS (13), a member of the Scarborough A/e. Division gained two well-deserved awards, over 80 hours voluntary duty and 100 per cent attendance at divisional meetings. Kevin only joined three years ago and has already gained four cer tificates towards his Grand Prior's Badge.
Eastbourne H erald
Wiltshire Newspapers Ltd.
Sheffield Morning Telegraph
Isle of Wight County Pre s
AWARDS. Cadet Leader Clive Morey (R) Cadet of the year and best N.e.o. Award for the cadet making the best progress, went to Anthony Gustar (3) (I). They are both members of the Sandown A/e. Division.
FROM AMBULANCE MEMBER
TO STATE REG JISTERED NURSE
Area Superintendents, Ambulance and Nursing, Mr. and Mrs. W. H. D. Symes, are justly proud of the success of their son David for passing his State Registered Nurse examination.
David joined the Transport Division of The Bournemouth Corps S.J.A.B. early in 1963 as a probationary member. 1963 passed his First Aid Exammatton and 10 1964 hIs Home Nursing.
During the period 1963-65 he performed many hours of public duty, and also over 300 hour s each year in the Casualty Department of The Royal Victoria Hospital, Bournemouth.
In January 1966 he commenced his hospital training as a student male nurse at The Royal Victoria Hospital, sitting his finals last February.
His success means that he has become the first Brigade member (AmbuJance) to become a Nursing Officer within the Bournemouth Corps for many years. (No known record over the past 20 years.)
David's service, coupled with that of his parents (Mr. Symes-40 years, Mrs. Symes-33 yea.rs, David-6 years), gives a total of 79 years of serVIce to St. John in Bournemouth
LEICESTERSHIRE NURSING CADETS Another picture of th e young members their First Aic( skill at the annual Parents Evel1lng of the Arthur Falre Nursing Cadet Division held recently at Leicester Headquart ers. (See also page 21). P. W J ackson
Middlesex County Times
EALING NURSING CADET DIVISION is keeping up its record of Grand Prior's Badge winners. In February this year Kay Buckingham, Valerie Soper, Marianne Cavanagh and Michele Wilson received their awards. The young ladie s have also reached the magnificent figure of 2,200 voluntary service between them.
SELBY A l e
TOP AWARDS
ACOMB CADET OF THE YEAR. FI!teen-year-old Robert Jones was presented with the Cadet Shield by Divisional Superintendent William Snelling at a ceremony recently, which also marked the 2J st anniversary of the Selby Cadet Division, whose Superintendent , Mr. A. B oyn t on , was one of the Jounder members. Among those who allended were Anthony Wails, Gregor Pickson and Brian Stringer all former members.
IN THE NORTH NEWS
STANSFIELD NURSING DIVISION, Bradford Corps
winners oj the Ashley Rose Bowl in the first leg of the annual First Aid CompetiNol1s. Picture shows: Captain Miss Ann Woodhead, Mrs. Isobel Painter, Mrs. Ann Crossley, Mrs. Gladys Greenwood and Mrs. Ann Summerson.
TeJegraph & Argus
Cadets from Cornwall . In MALTA
NEWQUA Y NURSING CADET JUNIOR , SALLY BARNES , presents th e Commiss ioner for Malta, Lieut. Colonel J. V. Abela , O.B.E., wi th a Plaqu e made of Cornish tin when a co ntingent from Cornwall visited the island this spring (See page 23).
Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe Training Camp
The Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe have invited 50 members of the Brigade to a Training Camp at Hornum on the Island of Sylt from August 1 - 28, 19 69. The aim is "To deepen contacts between the British and German Orders of St. John." Open to members between 17 and 25. Fares and spending money is the responsibility of the visitors but hospitality will be provided.
NEW ZEALAND ST. JOHN FAMILY
Picture shows:
AI M. Warwick J Lowndes, Cadet
Officer Miss Daphne
A. Lowndes, N IM. Mrs. Margaret Lowndes, A I M. David
A. Lowndes, Corps
Officer Arnold H Lowndes and N / M Mrs Elsie J. Lowndes.
SURREY Do. CKS Captain, F. Cowling, Mr. J Hams (who fled for the Individual Cup)
Mr. J. Newcombe, Mr. R P ollard and ' ":fr. C. the trophy for third place In the NatIOnal First AId Competition.
TOUR
(Above). A LUNCHEON PARTY at the Tai Pak floaling restaurant given by Mr. Yuen Por , President , Aberdeen DiviSiOI1. Guests included Sir William and Lady Pike, Miss Kild y Yuen Por, Area Commissioner, Ho Kang Po, Area Vice-President, Mr. Lemand Ching Kung Phoo and Mr. Wilham Kwok Chur Lan.
(Right). THE COMMISSIONER-IN-CHIEF, during his visit to the Aberdeen Division, with the President and Area Commissioner.
(A fuller report will appear in the July issue).
630 ST. JOHN Dental Pene tration Squad in Hong Kong which has done such stalwart work in the outlying districts
SINGAPORE
(L. to R.) : Lady Brecknock, H.E. The President In ch e Yusof bin Ishak, Dr Loh, Commissioner alld Puan Noor Aisha (the Presidellt 's wi/e) at an In vestiture at the magnificent St. John Headquarters in B each Road. The President is a very good friend of St. John and takes a great persollal and active interest in the work . During my stay we had a parade of abollt 2,500 officers and members. As in West Malaysia there are a lIumber of schoo ls whose pupils appear to join ell bloc and in consequence, there are larg e numbers of cadets of a very high standard and who, well handled, shou ld form the basis of a very flourishing future for the Brigade. St. John existed in Singapore before the war and Brigade members managed 10 hide their uniform during the occupatioll and to re-appear correctly dressed 10 present themselves to Lady Mountbatfen at the lime of the surrender. 11 is therefore encouraging fo see this fille record still upheld.
TOUR
More pictures and itinerary in July issue
JOHORE
PICTURE SHOWS arrival al Padang, Johore Bahru. Mr. E. Paramasiwas MB (Area Commissioner, Johore), Data Dr. Haji Mega! Khas (Commissioner, West Malaysia), Miss Iris Smith and Puan Sri Sardon (Superintendent (N), West Malaysia).
MISS SMITH (Chief Welfare Officer, St. John and Red Cross Service Hospital Welfare Dept., For East) accompanied me throughout my tour of W. Malaysia and Singapore and was a most helpful and long suffering A.D.C. The Johore Parade was a particularly smart one as this picture of some of the cadets sholVs. Johore is separated from Singapore by a causeway. H.R.H. The Sultan is a
very rich man with a most fabulous silver collection. I was sorry to have missed the polo match on his grounds in Singapore particularly as Jimmy Edwards was among the players!
(Continued on page 19)
A U S T R A L I A
( abo ve) THE PRIORY HEADQ U AR TERS in Canb erra Th e foundation stone was laid by th e Lord Prior , Lord Wak ehurs t. It has gro wn into a very fine building , with beautiful larg e hall and several smaller room s.
PEROWNE standing behind the title stone, the corner of which can be seen in the large photograph on the righthand side under the tree.
Continued in July issue.
THIS PICTURE shows what is pro bably th e only mo unt ed di vis ion in th e B rig ade. It co ns is ts of 14 men and 8 p onies and I in spec t ed it with o th er B rig ade unit s a t th e go ld min es at Va tyko ula in Fiji.
H ere t oo I was p ut thr oug h th e traditional an d ve ry co lourful Fijian Cerem onies of W e lco m eth e pr ese ntation of th e Ta bua ( Whale's T oo th ) and th e d rink ing of Y aq ona Th e Brig ade in Fiji is ve ry flo urishing an d h eld in hig h es t eem, and th e Fijian A mbulan ce m emb ers ex tr em ely sm art in th eir skirt s with t oo th ed edges. A ll Fijian s see m able t o sing and dan ce and I was we ll ent ertain ed during my ve ry happy five da ys th ere
COMMISSIONER-IN-CHIEF'S TOUR
(Co nti nue d fro m page 16)
CHANDIGARH
During hi s vi sit to Hong Kong and India at the beginning of the year the Commi ss ioner-in.Chief carried out ins pections and watched demon, stration by our colleague s oversea s
St. John Ambulance has two missions:
(a) the promotion and teaching of Firs t Aid and allied s ubjects in indu s try and to the general public, with which is a ss ociated the publication of textbooks ;
(b) the provi sion by the uniformed Brigade members of a v oluntary Firs t Aid , Welfare and Home Nursing service for tho se of any race , colour or creed who need thi s help The black and white uniform i s familiar to all
in the cru s h of crowd s at State occasions, at sporting event and less prominently, when helping in the home. The work of St. John Ambulance i s constantly expanding.
During hi s vi sit General Pike di s cussed mutual problem and pooled idea s with senior St. John Ambulance officers in the ove r seas countries
C HA N DIGARH
Gover n ment Senior Model Schoo l ( H ead Mistress, Miss A Karam Singh, P .E.S.), w ith some me m bers of t h e Brigade who look justly prolld of some 0/ t h e awa rds t h ey have won
(right) CANON CHRISTOPHER
LANCS
MRS. WENDY
ROBINSON receivillg her certificate for passing the re-examination from the Mayor of Blackburn, Alderman Arthur Rigby, at the Blackburn Infirmary as she was unable fo aI/end the annual presentation ceremony. Mrs. Robinson has been a member of the Brigade for 12 years. Also ill the picture are the Mayoress, Mrs. Kathleen Rigby and Mr. D. G. Lund, Secretary, St. John Centre, Blackburn.
Chairs and the Chair Lift
By B. ALLPOINT, Ware Ambulance Division
The chair lift is one of the easiest methods of carrying a patient, especially when stairs have to be negotiated. Many ambulances carry chairs specially made for the purpose, but if these are not available, ordinary household chairs are often used instead. As these chairs are being used in a way they were not designed for, there is an element of risk to the patient , which may be minimised if the firstaider has some knowledge of the inherent weakness of, at least, the more common types of chair.
Perhaps the best chair for the purpose, apart from the specially designed carrying chair is the stacking chair with a tubular steel frame and a seat and back of canvas or thin sheet metal.
Before using these, the frames should be examined to make certained that metal fatigue is not causing them to split at the angles where the tubes are bent. Make sure that welded joints have not broken and that metal seats and backs are still secure. Test canvas seats in the same way as the canvas on a stretcher, i.e., by kneeling on it.
Dining-room chairs with loose seats or "built-up" seats are safe is the joints are still sound. To test them, press the seat down firmly with one knee and hold the top back rail with both hands. Now alternatively push and pull the top rail, any movement due to loose joints will be immediately apparent.
Several manufacturers are now marketing a dining-room chair with seats and backs consisting of padded plywood, covered usually with plastic, attached to the frame with screws, driven through the rails into the plywood. Naturally the screws have only a small hold and, whilst they are firm enough when the chair is being sat on in the ordinary way, I would not advise using this type of chair to carry a patient.
20
EXTREME CAUTION MUST BE USED IF THE ONLY AVAILABLE CHAIR IS ONE OF THE SPINDLE BACKED TYPE.
If they are old, the glue may have crystallised and lost its adhesion. New ones are assembled by piece workers and occasionally one may be found which has been put together without glue by a workman who wishes to save a few minutes, and it is not easy for the factories' inspector to detect this because the joints are very tight when first assembled, but subsequent shrinkage of the wood may loosen them slightly. Fortunately most workman are conscientious and bad workmanship is comparatively rare but the first-aider must look out for them. If one joint of a spindle chair gives way, others usually follow and the whole thing may disintegrate.
When carrying a patient in this way, the bearer at the rear of the patient (I shall call him No.1, and his mate No .2) should take a firm hold of the upright rails near the top and not the upper cross rail. This is particularly important if the chair is Victorian, where the top cross rails are always cross-grained and further weakened by having a mortice cut into them. Any undue strain will cause these rails to break off. No.2 bearer should hold the front legs as near to the top as possible. It could be even safer to hold the seat itself but this rarely proves practicable.
Slip-mats, rugs, furniture and other obstructions should be moved out of the way, of course, and loose stair rods should be replaced. Look also for worn patches in the stair carpet and remember which steps they are on.
If the carpet has been laid over the modern type of fixing which holds it from behind, make sure that the spikes have a secure grip. Most of these fittings are very efficient-one or two makes are less so. Where carpet clips have been used, there may be an unsupported crescent of carpet projecting from the front of each step. This will not
CHAIR ARTICLE ( Continued)
cause trouble if the foot is placed fairly on the full depth of the step as it hould be in all cases.
When carrying a patient upstairs, No. 1 bearer must resist the natural tendency to lengthen his stride a soon as the landing. The average staircase has steps about nme Inches deep and riser about five inche If No. I takes a,! 18 inch stride, No. 2 must mount two steps and raIse hImself and the patient 10 ins. at the same time in to keep pace with No. I, and since the chair prevents seeing his feet, the danger of him tripping up IS obvJOus.
The risk when de cending is even more acute. No. 2 must take very short, shuffling steps in the hall until his partner also reaches the level floor.
Our manual state that the chair and patient should be tIlted backwards to an angle of 30 degrees with the horiThe illustration on page 166 show it almost upright. I belIeve the truth lies between the two. If the chair is too vertical a apprehen ive, fearing he may be tIpped off. TIltIng It too far back will increa e the weight owing to leverage. Lt is a simple matter to balance a broomstick upright in the fingers but to grasp it by one end and hold it at arms length calls for quite considerable effort.
The chair is not 0 long as the broom tick and i supported at both ends 0 the increa e in weight is, of course, rar less pronounced, but itis worth con idering if the patient IS heavy. Naturally hi injuries must be con idered when deciding at what angle to tilt him.
I will not discourage anyone from using the chaIr lIft In the belIef that it is too dangerous. It is necessary to test a stretcher each time it i opened for use. ense dictates that the same care should be used a chair. If the latter is sound and its structural limitaare known, thi method is even afer than a tretcher ecause, with the chair, both bearers face the ca ually and both are able to watch him.
LEICE§TERSHIRE
SOM E OF THE KEEN YOUNG MEMBERS of the Arthur Faire NurSing Cadet Division, Leicester, who gave an impressive demonstration of their skills in First Aid at the annual parents evening.
St. John IS a family affair and it is encouraging to hear that more and more parents take part in the activities of our young colleagues. Time and time again a division has been revitalised by the efforts of parents. That is the materialistic view, but their interest gives so much more in sharing, not only with their own young people but in gaining a practical knowledge of lI hat the aims and ideals of voluntary lI 'ork is all about. A salute fo the parents for their support.
:21
W ARWICK§HIRE
Stratford-upon- von Herald
VICTOR Y FOR STRATFORD- UPON-A VO bed-making team. Early this year the Nursing and Nursing Cadet Division teams carried ofl the bed-making trophies at the County Competitions. Left to right: N l e. Linda Fowler, D I G. Sheila Ingram, N IM. Katltleen Smith and N l e. Jacqueline Spencer.
C O N G LET O N, CHESHI R E OP EN I N G O F NEW HEADQUA R TER S
The new Association a nd B rigade H.Q. was opened by the Mayor of Cong leton A lderman W. H. Sempe r earlier this year. I n h is address h is worsh ip paid t ribute to t he work of St. John an d emp h as i sed th e need to vo lun t ary work with in th e welfare state. Divisiona l Surgeon Dr. M B C asey th anked the Cong leton Co uncil fo r t heir he lp in ge ll ing the n ew h eadquarters es ta blis h ed. Councillor F. H eapy, president of t he local S.J A.A. commented on the increased interest in St J o h n wo r k in th e locality. D uring th e evening t he Mayor made a presentation to the ret iring D iv isio nal S uperint endent Mr. H Swinde lls aft er 4 5 years' service.
CORNWALL
Cornish Guardian
LONDON (PRINCE OF WALES) DISTRICT
NATIONAL FIRST AID FINALS RESULTS
AMBULANCE Division
MASSEY Over a ll winners in all 211 (National Dock
MAINWARING CUP sectio ns Labour Board)
OSBORN SHIELD Runner s up in all sections 73 (Grays)
NINNIS Member gaining highest Div. Supt. W. A. Oliver EFFICIENCY CUP marks in the Individual 211 (National Dock tests Labour Board)
CLARIDGE CUP Winners in Uniform 17 (Wimbledon & Merton) Inspection
NURSING
MACFADDEN CUP Overall winners in all 107N (Shirley) sections
WALKER CUP Runners up 50N (Willesden)
BROOKS Member gaining highest Sgt. J. Wintersgill EFFICIENCY CUP marks in the Individual 91 N (Palmers Green) tests
WORKMAN CUP Winners in Uniform 91 N (Palmers Green) Inspection
AMBULANCE CADETS
DAGENHAM Overall winners in all C3 (Grays) SHIELD sections
CAVENDISH Cadet gaining highest marks Cadet R. J. Harris EFFICIENCY CUP in the Individual tests C3 (Grays)
WILLIAM NIELL Uniform Clll (Lower Sydenham)
NURSING CADETS
ROMFORD CUP Overall winners in all CN15 (Harrow) sections
CAVENDISH Cadet gaining highest marks Cadet S. Lee in the Individual tests CN80 (Chadwell Heath)
MARGARET Uniform CN37 (Bexley)
MACRAE CUP
RIDEOUT CUP Area gaining highest points Western Area in all sections of District Competitions
SLEATH GENT CUP Individual First Aid Sgt. F. P. Williams 17 (Wimbledon & Merton)
NURSING BOWL Individual Nursing Sgt. J. Wintersgill 91 N (Palmers Green)
MOUNT GARRET CUP Bedmaking (Nursing) 28 (Borough or Harrow)
CLARIDGE
22N (Harrow)
What Why When Where How? Know the answers?
You will find them in the St. John Review For less than 4d. per week you can get St. John News from all over the world, keep up with the dramatic changes in medicine, surgery, industrial first aid, nursing and emergency treatment techniques and have an opportunity to air your own views. Fill in the form on page 31 and enclose 17j- subscription (including postage).
If you already subscribe why not give it as a present?
HOW TO GET TO
"The White Cross in Canada"
by Col. G. W. L. Nicholson is now available to readers of St. John Review " an exciting account of the history of St. John Ambulance in Canada a must for members everywhere "
Please forward me copy (copies) of "The White Cross in Canada." Enclosed, please find Postal Money Order for the sum of..
FOR SERVICE
you can best put the principles and practice of the knowledge gained on the First Aid Course into active use by joining the ST. JOHN AMBULANCE
Ask at the nearest unit of the ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE or Write to:The Chief Staff Officer St. John Ambulance 1 Grosvenor Crescent London S.W.l
Tel: 01-235 5231
I OBITUARIES I
THE ART OF NURSING Cont. jrom page 8
taneous gestures that make a nurse human well as efficient. So often we see nurses so pre-occupIed by the job they are doing forget completely the allimportant human
The time to converse IS another lmportant psychological aspect. In fact that is all the psy chiatrists do So much pain and fear is of the mind rather than the bod y and we all know the relief afforded at being able to share our troubles with someone A nurse s routine should allow a little time each day to talk to the patients use of words is so terribly important to all of us; It 1 only this ability to use words that makes us men and not monkeys , and science is still t,rying to find a tranquiUizer more effective than a few kind words.
A good nurse should als? kno.w , askmg , If a patient has worries or pam- wIthout USlOg a meter if he is pyrexial or not , by the look on hIS f a ce if he has slept the night before. She should sense the acute feeling of helplessness and that a patient feels who is in hospital for the first hme She should know and understand that a patient' s reaction to illness may show itself in defiance , indifference , ment , seclusion and even !he mtellectual capabilities of a nurse ar.e nothlOg In paris on with the kindness , compaSSlOn and tranqUllIty that patients so readily respond to
tion work requires good leadership and enthusiasm. Officers are there to lead and lead they must. A keen competition team is always an assurance that at least a few members of the division are working hard. One cannot fail to be wiser, ever after just watching a competition and everyone should make greater efforts in this direction.
The patient can be made to look very realistic in First Aid , but it is not nearly so eas y in Home Nursing Do try to teach " patients " not to sit there looking very fit and well and jumping about the bed like March hares It is. for instance, so much easier to lift a patient when he a sists and whilst we do generally encourage patients to move about more nowadays, there are still occasions when the patient must have everything done for him and even the exertion of trying to lift himself may prove too much , so do try to put the volunteer " patients " in the picture about what they are supposed to be portraying Another import a nt detail is to alwa ys keep " patients" well covered u p- it annoys me intensel y to see them exposed undul y If we put ourselves into their position we should find even uch trivial details most anno y ing and unnecessary. I am alway tempted to fail people who do not pay attention to this elementary detail of nursing. Please do speak to the poor patient ; do not treat him as if he were just a tree trunk being rolled about in the bed I have already said that talking to the patients is of great therapeutic value.
sm HARRY LUKE, at Mansion House, on St. John's Day last year. Bailiff Grand Cross an.d Bailiff of Egle of the Order of St. John. On hIS death last month, the Order, and humanity, lost a great man. Well-known historian and writer, with his 40 years association with St. John, he recently revised the history of the Order. He will be greatly missed.
It is with deep regret that we announce the deaths of members of St. John and those who have helped the organisation. We offer their families and friends our sincerest sympathy .
Dr. Mary Ainscow, Dame of the Order and former Superintendent (N) for Cumberland and Westmorland
Mr. "Gaffer" Andrews, founder member of the Fakenham Division, Serving Brother of the Order, Norfolk.
Mr. Thomas Harry Burgess, J.P., Commander of the Order for services to the Brigade in Ware, Hertfordshire
Mr. Samuel Clutterbuck, founder member of St. George Division, Gloucester and former Corps Superintendent, Gloucestershire. Serving Brother of the Order.
Miss Rosalie Gerry, of Swinbridge, near Barnstaple, Devon.
Mr. Arthur Thomas Kempster, County Staff Officer, East Denbighshire, Priory for Wales.
Mr. Ernest Lucassi, Officer Brother of the Order and a member of the Brigade for 45 years.
Mr. A. J. Riley, Managing Director, Sport & General Press Agency, who, for over 20 years was a very good friend of St. John.
Miss Dorothy Roberts, well-known as a member of the Brigade and as a S.E.A.N. at Frenchay Hospital, Bristol.
Mr. Lawrence Stocks, Superintendent, Bentley Corps, W.R., Yorkshire.
Mr. Arthur Henry Turner, former Superintendent of the Seaton & Beer Ambulance Division, Devon.
Do not think that because St. John members are not professionally qualified , their contribution is of. an y less importance. They may be only a small cog 10 a large wheel but if one of those small cogs becomes bent or broken , the whole machine may well to a standstill. They have a very valuable contnbutlOn to offer to the general public , and more than they are the first line of help If the reputatIOn ,?f bemg sympathetic , reliable and competent can be acqUlred the General Practitioners and the Casualty can be saved an awful lot of work . Members of the Bnga?e are also expected to be good Citizens a!ld that showing good example , giving good adVIce and a sound technique. The nurse s primary responSIbIlIty
is that she shall do the patient no harm. . I have already mentioned the importance of mOVing with the times. A few things on the conveyor belt at the moment are: -
Pressure Areas
Enemas
Sterilization
Another detail that alwa ys impresses judges is- quick and efficient preparation . Do not lay a finger on the patient until everything needed to carr y out the procedure is at hand, tra ys and trolle ys should be set out methodically. The things that are usually forgotten areprotection for the bed or the patient ; thermometers when warm lotion is used and dental mugs for mouthtrays
The difficulty of doing these things correctl y at competition is often due to the fact that there is not enough practice with the correct equipment beforehand. Most divisions are sadly lacking in this direction and whilst I am aware of the fact that they do not have fat bank balances , I think more effort should be made to provide necessary equipment for training I think it is quite an insult to a Nursing Officer or a Doctor to come to lecture or examine and find dirty bed linen , cracked syringes and chipped receivers There are one or two divisions where I am sure this would never happen , but I have
Out- the old "rubbing with spirit. "
In - The importance of regular change of position, cleanliness and diet.
Out- The old 2 pt. solution of hot soapy water.
In - The new few ounce disposable packs.
Out- All ward sterilizers.
In - Central Sterile Supply Departments
Bedmaking Out- The old military precision type
In - All for the comfort of the patient type . Information
Out- The old " Tell them nothing " attitude
In - Tell them as much as possible
All this information can be supplied by the Nursing Officer long before it gets into the textbooks. Textbooks are always out of date by the time they are published , but in spite of that I am delighted to see new St. John textbooks on the market.
We simJDly must make progress If no one ever tned out new methods and techniques, we should not ,?nly squash all initiative, but come to a dead end. RIght through the ages new and revolutionary ideas have treated with suspicion. Never condeJ?n a method U':ltlJ it has been tried and the results studIed. Let me remlDd members again "To stand still is to regress ." .. I would like to say just a few words about competI.tIo? work and Home Nursing in particular- because It always the "black sheep" of any competition. Competl-
had several complaints from examiners lately in my own area and this sort of thing gets the Brigade a bad name. One of the words on the eight-pointed star is Resourcefulness and with a little thought, all sorts of things can be improvised . Most food stuffs are put up in different sized foil containers which are very useful for setting trays and trolleys. This is just one idea but there must be many others I should like all divisions to revise their equipment, and if necessary, to buy some new article, possibl y every two months A good craftsman needs a good bag of tools and these things must be provided for members. Capable and progressive officers do not always get the upport the y need from the members and it can be very frustrating to be full of bright ideas with no one to help to put them into practice. This is one of the ways in which perhaps Presidents and Vice-Presidents could be very helpful and most of them would be only too delighted if asked for their assistance It can be seen , I am sure, that this " Art of Good Nursing " requires much more than just a personal resolution to do better It requires good leaders , good support and good team work. Good nursing is usually a combined effort of doctors , nurses and man y other ancilliary workers There would never be successful doctors without observant, reliable, conscientious nurses in the background and St. John members in their own particular wa y can give quite a lot of support at the bottom of the ladder.
Not wanting to end on a particularly serious note, I conclude with an amusing definition of the essential qualities of a good nurse: -
1. Unending patience. 7.
2. Encyclopaedic memory 8.
3. Exemplary tact. 9.
4. Unshakable calm 10
S. Inexhaustible energ y. 11.
6. Incorruptible ethics . 12.
Saintly temper. Impeccable grooming. Infallible judgment. Sunny disposition. Legible handwriting No use for money or leisure.
Is it any wonder that so very few people can claim to have achieved perfection in this so-called "Art of good nursing? "
We acknowledge the courtesy of the Editor of the "St. John Council jor Somerset Year Book " who has made arrangements with the contributor jor the reproduction oj this articlejrom the 1968 edition.
SUPPLIES
of First Aid Manuals, or any teaching book relating to courses organised by St. John Ambulance. Teaching aids generally include First Aid Film Loops. Uniforms for the St. John Ambulance Brigade, including Badges and Insignia. All First Aid Materials-stretchers, kits, etc.
John's Gate, Clerkenwell, london E.C.I Tel: CLErkenwell 6644
with the Area Staff Officer for Cadets (he commented that it was the first time he had been invited to an Adult Division! !). A talk on Burns was given, illustrated with slides after refreshments
members, ex-Cadets recently transferred to Adults , I also have a nurse, a founder-member, who does a wonderful job of work with any Section of Cadets she is in charge of.
Dear Madam,
I have written re the Cadets and the Adult Divisions first initiated by Damon , to endorse the views of e.S.O. W. W. Williams. For some time I have visualised the unit consisting of an Ambulance Adult and Cadet, and Nursing Adult and Cadet, all working closely together.
I joined the cadets some time ago and progressed through the ranks to become the Divisional Supt. in charge of the Cadet Division , although I was also at one time running a Young Adult Division. Now I have taken over an Adult Division relinquishing my Cadet post to another. The Adult Division possesses its own headquarters used by the four separate divisions, Ambulance, Nursing, Adults and Cadets, and I hope to bring my experience in the cadets into use in tying the Divisions together, in a "St. John Family Unit."
I feel that this experience is vital to the Div. Supt. in charge of the Adult Division as the difference between the Adult meetings and the Cadet meetings is so immense as to frighten off the young member. It has to be realised that the ex-cadet may be working for his Grand Prior's Badge or for his Duke of Edinburgh's Award and therefore an opportunity for these to be continued, or even started with new members MUST be given. Similarly the Cadet meetings will have been made up of a collection of varied items, only part of which may have been First Aid, whereas if the Adult meetings are solely First Aid then the new recruit soon becomes bored and leaves. Therefore if the Adult Supt. has, say, six months' session with the Cadet Division before taking up his appointment and thereafter attending Cadet meetings such as their Inspections, Re-examinations, A G.M and other special meetings, then a closer bond will be fused so that he knows what the Cadets are used to and they know him and what he expects.
When Damon states that "it would be a good thing if those seconded from Adult Divisions looked to senior members to demonstrate and instruct in the 'SIMPLE' (he must be joking, has he seen the Essentials of First Aid Book?) First Aid." I disagree. Surely the Cadets will have more respect for their officer if he can train them in a variety of subjects including First Aid, instead of running for help on each different topic studied. Unfortunately Damon appears to be one of those who still does not recognise that a Cadet who has the Grand Prior's Badge is one who has consistently studied a variety of subjects, or a Cadet who has achieved the Duke of Edinburgh's Award is one who is prepared to have a go, has initiative and maybe qualities of leadership. These are the leaders of tomorrow, if only they were encouraged instead of being told that they are "red uced " to the rank: of Ambulance member, their Cadet qualifications meaning nothing, sometimes because the Adult Supt. does not know what they are anyway!
I certainly do not agree that members who hold the Service Medal should be entitled to the Advanced First Aid certificate. It has been my experience that it is the younger members who go for this, not the more established members who says that he is passed learning new tricks.
Finally I would agree that there is too frequently little respect for ranks ("it is a voluntary organisation you know," is the usual comment). But , this is noticeable from Adult Supt. referring to the Supt. for Cadets by his Christian name in front of the Cadets and failing to acknowledge sa lutes, as if being seconded to the Cadets puts one down a step. When officers recognise each others rank rather than each others Division , then perhaps we shall see an improvement down the ranks.
In order to foster the "Fam ily" spirit we have just held a Promotion and Enrolment Ceremony at the Adult Division where the Area Commissioner promoted five ex-cadets and enrolled three new members. Both the Adult Division and the Cadet Divi sions were on parade together
28
Maybe some of this may be suitable for publication, and I would like to suggest that other views be expressed so that the apparent decline in Brigade membership is arrested.
Yours faithfully, ALAN E. GRIGG, Sutton Transport Division, North Area , Birmingham County.
Dear Mrs. Richards,
I was most interested 10 the article by "Damon" in the November issue, he raises a most interesting point in regard to the combination of young and older members In the Wellington District N.Z., we have tried developing new divisions comprised of younger members or to have had sections within divisions in which the younger members have had additional training sessions. This has met with a modicum of success.
I hope that your paper will publish further opinions of what should or could be done to provide an efficient and happy combination for different age groups within divisions. I am becoming of the opinion that in general members of the Brigade tend to retain their membership far too long and that at Divisional level all should retire at 55 years of age. This is not to say that those retiring are to be of no further use to the work of st. ] ohn, far from it. They could be used and act as lecturers in First Aid Classes, act as storekeepers, record-keepers, secretaries, treasurers, etc. to Divisions, assist in the conduct of competitions, or in many other ways.
Of course youth is impatient and in many cases eager to advance. I think that we who are older must be prepared to stand aside a little more readily than we have in the past. For surely one purpose of our work for St. John is to advance the Order and not ourselves , and we must realise that today the demands of the First Aider are greater than those of even ten years ago. I may not like to admit it but the teenager today is better equipped to absorb advanced training than I was at the same age.
By all means let us continue to encourage our younger members to take the Higher and Advanced Courses, it is more important for them to do so than for tho e of us who are older in the Service. But why, oh why. cannot we all like each other more than we do, whether we be young or not so so young in the service of those we joined to serve?
If anyone can suggest a nice way of saying to someone who has given 30 years or more faithful and good service, "look you are too old and the young members want to take your place," I will be pleased to hear it. Or, again, bow one could best persuade an older member that the younger members may well have something very worthwhile to offer the Brigade.
R . J. TOWER. Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
Dear Madam,
I would like to comment on the letter from C.S.O. Watkin W. Williams, Bucks. (See January " Revi ew").
A very good idea, I have been running this type of unit for two years, our Divisions were at one time one combined Adult and one combined Cadet. J was in charge of Cadets and the founder-member, a Nursing Divisional Officer, was in charge of Adults. I did go to Adult meetings (Mf. Damon, please note) , and I assisted in training when required and only then.
The Divisional Officer resigned and I was asked to take over, there were no other officers, I accepted.
It was hard work, but worthwhile . 1 now have one Divisional Officer Ambulance Section (a n ex-Cadet). and one Divisional Officer Nursing, these work with the Cadets with two ambulance members and two nursing
Our Divisions are as follows: 25 Adults to date and 115 Cadets. The Adults train together, but we have to train Cadets separately although one Section trains mixed; our headquarters is very small.
We are understafIed I know, but I do not intend to cut down, the large number became so, when I had a good officer, who moved to another area. A big setback that was overcome.
The Division also has two treasurers and two secretaries, two surgeons, two presidents and two vicepresidents.
In time we will have a full complement of officers and n.c.o.'s - we are a fairly young Division and all members are very keen.
Further to this, another idea to think about. At my Parents and Friends A.G.M., they proposed that they become Parents and Friends Committee to the four Divisions, a proposal that has my full support and the support of my senior officers.
Food for though t, yes, there is a new train of thought in most Divisions, let us not suppress them, let us move forward with the times.
Yours sincerely, V. B. LANGLEY. Divisional Superintendent, Steyning, Bramber & Beeding Divisions.
Dear Mrs. Richard s,
A recent topic in a local paper on the subject of mouth-tomouth resuscitation may interest members of the Brigade
First of all, you may have come across some squeamishness when demonstrating the "Kiss of Life" to the public when they express a certain dislike to mouth contact with the casualty. A local policeman has invented a device which fits over the face of the casualty, while allowing normal resuscitation to be carried out.
P e. Barker of Worthing, Sussex, designed the "Resusciade " as an 8in. square of thin P.V.e. with a small rectangular valve in the centre. The valve is one-way, and fits In the casualty's mouth with the rest of the sheet over the face.
Normal "Kiss of Life" commences, the nose closed over the plastic and breathing through the valve. Air exhaled from the casualty's lungs escapes under the shee ting.
The valve can be used comfortably by people who find difficulty in covering the whole mouth, and encourages squeamish people to use it for certain types of cases, i.e., where there are unpleasant liquids or secretions around the casualty's mouth.
police forces are now obtaining supplies, and fOllowmg a conversation with the inventor, the object is to get as much pUblicity as possible to P.e. Barker'S credit.
I would point out that, as first aiders, we are trained to "get on. with the job" a soon as possible, and we are not squea111lsh in a case where every second counts. But there are times where this "Resusciade" would be useful, as explained earlier.
They can be obtained from: Portex Ltd., Hythe, Kent.
In boxes of 10 at 30 . a box, 3s. each; or boxes of 100 at 2 . 9d. each; or boxes of 500 at 2 6d. each; and a minimum order of a box of 10 should be placed.
The Police-Sur geon of the area ha successfully tested the "Resusciade," which I think would be useful as an addition to the first-aid kits of nursing and ambulance members.
Yours faithfully, D. T. SHELTON, "A" Division (Brighton).
I THROUGH I t"l ADVENTURE
How many of our younger members in either the Association or the Brigade take full advantage of the mass of leisure time activities now available?
How many more would like to do so and do not know how to start?
June, the first edition of a pamphlet IS belllg Issued to help solve this problem. It is called "Service through Adventure," and is being sent to Counties, Centres and Areas.
The following extract from the foreword by the Director-General indicates the purpose behind this publication:
"The object of this pamphlet is to suggest opportunities for our younger members to discover the practical application of their First Aid training over a broad range of everyday sporting activities. By taking part and acquiring some skill in these activities, members will not only increase their. own self-reliance and expertise, they will also Illustrate the value of First Aid Training to those from other spheres with whom they come in contact."
Your comments are invited, so get hold of a copy. i
EDWINA MOUNTBA ITEN ; HER LIFE IN PICTURES
Compiled and Edited by {Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock
Superintendent-in-Chief, St. John Ambulance Brigade
7s. 6d. each
7s. each orders for ten or over (postage extra in each case)
APPEALS CORNER
By Colonel W. L. R. Benyon. Appeals Organiser
CHARITY GOLF MATCHES
in aid of St. John Ambulance and the Feathers Clubs
St. John and The Feathers Clubs Association have combined to launch a programme of Charity Golf Matches to take place in various Counties during the present year.
Mrs. Elizabeth Price-Fisher, British Women's Champion in 1959, is assisting the charities in the organisation of the programme. Many prominent golfers will be participating.
AUGUST 3
AUGUST 10
AUGUST 24 Herne Bay, Kent. Willington, Sussex. Hexham, Northumberland.
Further information from:
Miss M. R. O'Connor, Press Secretary , St. John Ambulance, 1, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1. Telephone: 235 5231.
1969
"DAILY EXPRESS"
First aid teams throughout Britain are now devising fiendish ways in which luckless workmates could get injured just to give them training to win this year's Daily Exp ress National First Aid Competition for Industry.
Already many works first aid teams are getting in orne practice by creating a series of unexpected and unusual accidents requiring fast and efficient treatment.
For in either the regional rounds or in the final they could be given only a few testing minutes to cope with possibly disastrous results caused by anything from a runawa y fork-lift truck to a blast furnace blow-out.
Each te am of five, either men, women or mixed, will represent their firm in regional finals which will fully test their skill in such simulated emergencies.
When the finals take place in September in London's Queen Mary College a panel of doctors, specially skilled in casualty work will adjudicate.
Last year's winning team came from the National Coal Board's central workshops and an I.C.I. team were runners-up.
The winning team will go forward to compete in the Grand Prior 's International Fir t Aid Championships in November.
This Dail y Express competition which is restricted to industry and aimed at promoting knowledge of first aid and its advantages on the workshop floor is sponsored by the Dail y Express in association with St. John Ambulance.
Porchester Hall, London, W.2 Royal Show, Kenilworth , Warwickshire
Queen Mary's College, London, E.1
Fairfield Halls, Croydon, Surrey
Queen Mary's College, London, E.l
The Music Hall, Union Street, Aberdeen Friends House, Euston, London, N.W.1
Seymour Hall, London, W 1 Seymour Hall, London, W.l
PLASTIC
offer
emergencies. Begin now to build up a complete range for your team. Send 1 6d. in stamps for a colour booklet giving details of all wounds available.
BROWNING'S LTD., Dept J. 69 Aberdeen Street, Hull, Yorkshire.
The use of any particular appliance, equipment, medicament or preparation advertised in the "Review" is not necessarily endorsed for first aid purposes.
To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John, 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1.
Please supply/renew* St. John Review
commencing with the ..................... issue
I enclose 17/- for 1 year Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John.
Name IN BLOCK CAPITALS
Address
*Deleie whichever is inapplicable
Compiled
by
W. A. Potter
ACROSS
1. Joke. disturbed cat at inner angle of eye.
4. H.avll1g body temperature below 99 degrees F.
10. Lunbs rescue height.
11. Lone phase for malaria vector.
12. Current units from a drug di penser.
13. Malarial part of plague.
14. Must change bit of dirt and di ease of corn.
17. A cause of severe internal haemorrhage following a blow over left lower ribs.
20. Apron-like fold of peritoneum.
22. Make legs painful.
24. dental caries conserva ', ively.
25. WJth.o ut heSItation mother produces insect.
28. for the tongue.
29. ExerCIses 111 whIch It appear doctor is not well.
30. Cut ornamental fabric tax.
31. Loss of transparency of corner due to prolonged irritation. DOWN
1. Large pal c:oncealing niacin deficiency disease.
2. Useful for Improvised plint.
3. Become to maintain physical effort or mental concentratIon.
5. Stiffness. of of limb due to icy conditions?
6. some tIme after unpleasant smell.
7. RelIgIOn IS ap,?earing before 50 during the morning.
8. German s ubstItute u ed during the war.
9. !V1ay re ult va cular changes complicating diabetes 10 elderly patIents.
15. Would describe the writing on the wall!
16 Defonmty of cruel lesion.
18. Eversion of eyelid due to scar or paralysis
] 9. Umbi.licus from alum hop
21. Tn fiftIes a form of heat is fatal.
23. Scot I converted to believer that life should be controlled by reason.
26. Cipher preceding red reverse in river.
27. Conception of rigid ear.
ADVERTISEMENTSCLASSIFIED
ADVERTISING AGENTS
T. G. Scott & Son Ltd., 1, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.C.2. (Tel.: 01-242 6264)
Classified Rates:
Semi-display, £3 10s. s.c.i. (minimum £1 10s.)
Non-Trade, 9d. per word (minimum 10s.)
Trade, 1s. per word (minimum 15s.)
Box No. 2s. 6d. extra.
Page size (Trimmed): 9i"X 7t".
Screen: Text pages 100
Copy date: 1st of the month preceding publication.
Publication: 27th of month preceding cover date.
Agency commission: 10%.
FOR SALE
SJ.A.B.
Badge Wall Shields, 35s 6d.; S J.A.B Gold
Cased Crested Cuff Links, 63s. Medal ribbons Is. 6d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform, 2s. each ribbon mounted on pin brooch; Regulation medals mounted 3s. 6d. per medal on brooch Miniatures quoted for.-MONTAGUE JEFFERY, Outfitter, St. Giles Street. Northampton. (4)
BALL-PENS, Diaries , Note Pads, Keys, Fobs, Pencils, etc., Gold-stamped Brigade name or Personal names raise funds quickly-easily. Details-Northern Novelties, Bradford, 2. (22)
ORGANISERS OF BAZAARS, FETES AND FUNDS. We welcome both personal buyers and mail orders for our extensive range of toys and stationery at wholesale prices. Send f or price lists. Also pre-selected parcels: 144 6d. Toys, or 72 Is. Toys; or 38 Is. 1 Toys, or Selection Toys Is. ltd. to 5s. ltd.; or SelectIOn Assorted Stationery. Each parcel 54s., plus 4s. 6d. po stage Two or more parcels 6s. postage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Culley) LTD., 2a, Handsworth Road, London, N.17. (18)
SUPPORT STOCKINGS
Comfort and relief for all leg troubles. Sheer and fashionable appearance. Perfect goods at amazing low prices. See October, November , or December issues for details, or write: Cilla Jane Hosiery Co. Ltd., 53-55, London Road, Cowplain, Portsmouth, Hants. Requests for literature and quantity discounts welcomed. (16)
" BALL PENS FOR FUND RAISING. "-We supply die-stamped ball pens with your Brigade name, etc. at competitive wholesale rates.-THOMPSON & CREIGHTON, 202, Heaton Road , Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 6. (24)
UP TO 300/0 DISCOUNT on branded CARPETS
WILTON, AXMINSTER, ORIENTALS, Etc. FREE delivery U.K. Chinese Ind ian. Persian Carpets and Rugs a speciality. Expert fitting if required. Write stating requirements or for introduction to showrooms-LONDON or MAIN cities.
DODSON·BULL CARPET CO., LTD.
Showrooms: 6 Old Bailey London, E.CA Tel: 01 -24 87971 (IO lines) 83-89 Blackett St., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Tel: 20321 or 21428 55-61, Lever Street, Manchester I Tel: 061-236 3687/8/9 (II)
3td. EACH! -P RINTED BALL POINT PENS. 144 Full-length Conway Stewart Ball Pens die-stamped in gold with your Brigade or Charity for only 398.; 144 Printed Pencils 35s. Please print your slogan. (Maxim um 30 letters), and add 4s. 6d. standard carriage.
-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2a, Handsworth Road, London, N.17. (17)
WOMAN SUPERINTENDENT St. John has suit in excellent clean condition. Hips: 42in., bust 38in., £12. Bo x No. 28.
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates accepted at the age of 17 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students, fields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped School of Nursing. Success!ul candidates, on completion may enter the General Traming School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses' Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Hall, Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tenms Court. Active Social Club.
Applications in writing to the Matron.
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l (8)
Vacancies exist for State Enrolled Nurses to enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing. Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing.
Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board.
Opportunities for promotion and practical responsibility in the specialist field of nursing.
Apply to Miss M. B. MacKellar, Matron. (26)
PUPIL NURSES, required with good basic general education. Training commences at 18 years of age. :full details from Matron, Stratford-upon-Avon HospltaL Arden Street, Stratford-upon-Avon (29)
32
CLASSIFIED ADS Continu ed
AMERICA 1971?
Bovingdon Combined Division are Illanning a J5-day individual choice state side holiday by air in July 1971 at a price you won ' t believe, and what's more, payment can be made by monthly in sta lments commencing in July thi s year. For further information write with 9in. x 2in. s.a.e., or telephone D /O. A. L. Verney, 7, Dukes Way , Bcr kham s ted, Herts. Telephone: 5290. (27)
ARE YOU IN THE RED?
Pl ease help u by send ing your s ubscription a month before it run s o ut , overseas reader s, two months in advance. If you can't remember the renewal date, may I s uggest that next time you pay you make a note in your diary. Subscription form on page 31.
VISUAL AIDS THE SINGLE CONCEPT FILM LOOP
10 be u ed in conjunction with th e First Aid Manual, Second Edition.
WHAT IT IS
It i a length of standard 8 mm. cine film which has a running time, usually, of about 4 minutes.
WHAT IT DOES
It is used to portray a sing le technique, procedure or concept and by the exclusion of all irrelevant and background material to teach the s ubj ect in the most concentrated form.
HOW IT IS USED
Ideally it is used as a continually running loop in a clear plastic casel/e, which is then loaded in a daylght vewing projector s uch as the ICEM or the Rank 800 E. This method requires no blackout of classroom or erection of screen and no threading or re-winding. It will repeat the film as often as is required by the teacher and may be stopped and started at will. It may be left with the group or individual for self-ins truction purposes.
Fairfield Halls, Croydon, Surrey
SATURDAY, JULY 12, 1969
For details of the House and Membership, please complete and return this coupon to THE WARDEN, ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE. LONDON, S.W.l. (BELgravia 2732).
In Spool. The spooled version of the film loop is used in a standard 8 mm. projector in the same way as for any other film. It will require re-winding after each showing. For direct or forward projection a screen and blackout are both necessary.
With Absorber. A drum film loop absorber may be attached to an ordinary 8 mm projector. Spliced into this appliance the loop can be used for co ntinu olls projection. The cost is low.
With Back Protection Screen. To avoid blackout difficulties and dispense with the need for a screen, an ordinary 8 mm. projector may be used to throw the picture into a back projection cabinet where the image is reflected in a mirror and emerges on a translucent screen facing the class. Such cabinets may be obtained commercially or made up in the home.
HOW GOOD IS IT?
The value of any film loop depends on the quality of the instruction photographed on the film, and on the tec hnical efficiency of the film maker. Where these are both the best available an absolute standard of excelle nc e is achieved. Wide use of uch a loop ensures a univ e rsal high standard.
WHY USE IT?
Dr. Brynmor Jone s, Chairman of the Commit te e appointed to advise the Government on Audio-Visual Aids in Ed ucation , concludes that the si n gle concept film loop is one of the most powerful tools now available in this field. It is u sed extensively in industrial training ituation for this very reason.
IS IT COSTLY?
Compared with simpler aids it might appear o. But for very little money you obtain a captive demonstrator or demonstrator instantly on call, night or day, requiring no lecture fees. expense. refreshment or overtime, who will repeat the demonstration as often as you require and always to the same impeccable authorised sta ndard If you attach importance to the standa rd of your practical work the real question is an you afford to be without it?
(See " R eview," June and July issues)
ARE YOU IN THE RED
Please he lp us by send jng your s ub scription a mont h before jt r un s o u t, overseas readers, two mo nth s i n advance. If yo u can't remember the renewa l date, may I s uggest that next time you p ay yo
Safe, gentle and swift to heal-
Savlon
'Savlon' Liquid a nd ' Savlon ' Cr eam are indispensabl e to your fir s t aid k i t . They gently clean a way dirt, killin g the germs that would infe ct th e wound. Th e antis e ptics in both produ cts ar e pow erful , safe . Th ey we r e di scove r ed b y I.C .I. and ar e now u se d e xt e nsiv el y by doctors a n d ho s pit a ls i n thi s countr y and overse a s.
Unfortunately, due to re-organisation at H.Q. it was not possible to make the June and July issues a focus on visual and training aids. However, we hope to catch the winter and spring training programmes by carrying special features in the November and December issues.
Last month you will have seen a picture and a brief report on the achievement of 8-year-old Martin Croucher-22 miles in aid of Brigade Funds. It is a remarkable achievement because Martin, a member of the Eastbourne A I C Division, can walk only with the help of a special boot. He was the youngest contestant and raised £11. As Mr. Francis Denning, Brighton & Hove District Centre says, "Martin was certainly an inspiration to all those who went on the walk." Martin's ambition is to become a doctor. No doubt he will show the same devotion and determination and the best wishes of all his colleagues go with him. The Easter Walk raised £100.
Billingham AIC Division (see page 14), also
took part in a sponsored walk and raised £90. In the first edition of their lively Newsletter (unnamed so far), the following story appears:
THE FIRST AID MAN WHO FELT SO FOOLISH
It was a big night in Ull water School, Penrith. Eleven fir t aid teams were competing for a cup, and they had to show how they would cope with people injured in a road accident.
Team number ten were asked to do their stuff. They gave a dramatic performance, with their fake ca ualties looking most realistic. Step by step they went through the drill. A new member of the team was sent to phone for the police and an ambulance, while others prepared the injured for the ambulance.
Then, ju t as the team walked off, there wa s a rumpus outside the school. A police car whizzed up, followed by a bell-clanging ambulance. The policemen and an1 bulancemen walked into the hall. Then the embarrassing story wa s told
The young member of the team had never been in a competition before. When he left the stage and asked an official where the nearest phone was, he was directed to a kiosk 500 yards along the street. There he dialled 999 and summoned police and ambulance to the school.
Fortunately, the powers-that-be saw the funny side of it. But there was no happy ending for team number ten. They didn't win, even if they were the most realistic.
Of course, that would never happen with the Billingham Ambulance Cadets
LOOKING AROUND
Continued fron'/, opposite page
WELCOME
Mr. Philip Adams has been officially appointed as Medical Secretary and Secretary to the Visual Aids & Exhibition Committees at Headquarters. He was a "Terrier" before the war. Called up in 1939 and commissioned in the Indian Grenadiers with whom he served with the XIV Army in Burma. He was Mentioned in Dispatches. After the war he joined the R.A.F. Cinema Corporation and was their Regional Director in the Middle East for about eight years. For the last 14 years he was a member of the R.A.F. Film Production Committee with special responsibilities to the Ministry of Defence for visual aids.
Wiltshire
N I Cs J. Thornton, Wilton Divi ion; C. Shepherd, Grosehill Divi ion, have gained their Grand Prior's Badges.
Lancashire
Blackpool St. John Ambulance News. D I S. A. Taylor entered his Ambulance Cadets for "Venture 69," a scheme sponsored by the Lancashire Evening Ga z ette, to encourage young people who are making a u eful contribution to the communitywhich our young members have a splendid record.
Manche ter G.P.O. Northern Competitions. The Blackpool Ladie Team won thi event for the third time.
TRIALS ofa COUNTY SECRETARY
By W. D. WICKEN, Wiltshire
1 took on the job of County Secretary from scratch. The only thing 1 knew about "St. John" was that he played football for Liverpool, although 1 have since discovered that a distant relative used to spend many hours with a stretcher behind the goal of our local football team.
I was informed that it was a nice easy job , just a couple of hours now and then with 47 Divisional Secretaries to help me. 1 therefore pictured an enormous building to house this collection until 1 discovered that all 47 lived in 47 different places scattered allover the County , were all fully employed at their own jobs during the day and very rarely available. My own office was not enormous, just sufficient to house myself, a table, chair, telephone and a pen.
Fortunately, 1 was given a copy of that green paperback, "General Regulations," which 1 found very handy , but 1 was puzzled by those letters "BF" until it was pointed out that they referred to the persons who incorrectly completed the forms.
= "/Jetll Retltlels, = I
The price of the 'Review' has at Is. since 1963 de pite I - in general costs, and a considerable drop m adver.tlsmg heavIly§ subsidised by the Order and so as to reduce subSIdy,. the Revlew § ment Board have reluctantly decided that the pnce must. to Is. 6d. With §
__ =-----= effect from the September 1969 issue. The 4adnnual tThehref?;: §_----------=§_= the packing charge of Id. and postage as e ore. e n will not affect present subscribers until thelr subscnptIOn runs out.
I very much hope all members of St. John will to support .this == publication in every way; encourage others to become subSCribers and, when !'! a ::
__ =====_ to do so, encourage firms with whom they have contacts, to take adverttsmg 1====== We must make every effort to increase our revenue m order to prevent any possibility of having to cease publication.
;==_ M. BRECKNOCK, §== Chairman of the 'Review' Management Board."
Annual Pilgrimage to Lourdes Many members of St. John act as voluntary escorts to the pilgrims each year. Sgt. Harold Renton has recently completed his eventh escort duty. When he and his charges returned to Blackpool Airport his minibus had broken down. Help was at hand- the S1. John Mobile First Aid post was contacted and the patients were quickly "rescued " Mr. Renton has been admitted a a member of the Order (Serving Brother) in recognition of hi ervices to humanity.
Hertfordshire
Bovingdon Combined Ambulance & Nursing Division is also "Looking Around." Their object is to recruit other Brigade members to join them on a holiday in the U.S.A. Charter flight enquiries to D / O. A. L. Verney. Except for travel and accommodation, members of the party are free to make their personal arrangement, hut Mr. Verney, 7, Dukes Way, Berkham ted, will be glad to help and advise. It is an extremely attractive basic programme and may be paid for over a period of 23 months. If you are still undecided on your holiday (last two weeks in luly) - hurry and apply.
3
As 1 took over the job at the end of the year my 47 Assistants commenced to slowly swamp me with another puzzle known as "BF. No.1, " and which 1 began to think 1 was. Worse was to follow when 1 received a large bundle (1 thought it must be the washing), containing many large sheets of paper- all "BF" of cOUIse--full of mysterious columns heading " No FT," "No MCD," " No ex-Cadets, " " No GCB Holders. " Only after deep thought 1 came to the conclusion that "No" must be an abbreviation. Many BF.l s were apparently completed by people who seemed to have held the pen still and moved the papers I after wards found out that these penholders were all excellent First Aiders and wi nners of man y competition trophi e s: after all one does not reach Brigade Finals by holding a pen!
Shortly after taking over, a charming young lady rushed into the office saying she was a "NM" and wanted to borrow Annie for the evening . When 1 told her Annie didn ' t live here any more. she replied: "Yes, she does, he is in that suitcase over there ." 1 had noticed this suitcase in a corner and thought it probably belonged to my Commissioner. 1 immediately pictured another column" 0 bodies in the uitcase ," but on opening it I found it was a kind of ventriloqui t 's dummy.
Being a sort of amateur ventriloquist myself, 1 took the dummy on my knee and gave " NM" a short demonstration She then told me what Annie was and said we must blow it up-I had visions of gelignite and T T until " M " pulled out a pump The suitcase also contained a piece of red plywood in the shape of a head which "NM" told me it showed how to open you; mouth. She said she would not require it as she knew how to open her mouth, I fully agreed with her. However, after a struggle we blew Annie up and found she was about six feet which prevented us getting her into " M s" mini car, so we had to rope her on the roof. I wa afterwards informed that Annie was topped twice by the Police.
NOTE .-An y similar amusin g e pisodes which re aders ma) car e to s e nd would b e w elcom e. I know that Mr. Arthur L e n g, nolV re tir e d , w ho was a m e mb e r of the G .P.O . Association and Brig ad e for man y ye ars , was n e arl y arr ested for having a "body-in - the-sllitcase " Unlike th e TV s e ri es, it was a woman. The Editor would b e pl eas ed to hav e Mr. L e ng S story in his own words bllt ma y be able to r e memb er e nough to do a follow-up next m e n/h •
'QCbe in tbe l\.ealm of tbe Venerable
®rber of tbe T!}ospital of jJobn of qcommanberp of
LORD GREY OF NAUNTON, Governor of Northern Ireland, was invested as a Knight Commander of the Order at a ceremony held in the Throne Room of Government House, Hillsborough, jn Aprjl, by the Lord Prior, The Lord Wakehurst. Lord Grey then proceeded to hold an Investiture of newly appointed Members of the Order.
Lady Grey of Naunton was presented with her badge as Djstrict President (N)picture on page I8-by the Commandery Superintendent (N), The Countess of Roden, at the first combined Ambulance and Nursing Training Course held at the Ministry of Agriculture College, Muckamore, near Antrim. (Further report in August issue). Pictures show (above) the investiture of Lord Grey and (below) some of those who received their insignia as Members of the Order at the ceremony conducted by Lord Grey.
MALTA
SIR GEOFFREY TORY, British High Commissioner, Malia, presented LT.-COL. J. V. A BELA, Commissioner, with a framed colour photograph of St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C.I. The ceremony was held at 51. John H.Q., St. James's Countergllard, Valletta. Sir Geoffrey was accompanied by Lady Tory. Among the distinguished guests were Miss Mabel Strickland, Mr. W. Bickford, Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Ash, Deputy District Surgeon Dr. R. L. Cheverton, tv1rs. Gael Borg Olividf and Dr. Lennox Johnston. In 1968 members performed nearly 8,000 hours voluntary service ill the islalld.
JUBILEE CELEBRATIONS
Members attending the Malta Jubilee Celebrations will receive a copy of the official programme on arrival in Malta.
DRESS. Members should bear in mind that uniform is heavier than civilian clothing and it would probably be more advantageous to travel in uniform. Decorations will be required for the parade, and miniatures for those attending the St. John Ball in Dinner Jackets.
HOT WEATHER DRESS. Instructions will be circulated through the Commissioner, Malta District, authorising Hot Weather Dress, as detailed in Dress Regulations. Badges of rank are not worn.
NURSING. (a) Review Order when medals are worn. Black jacket and skirt or nursing dress. (b) Officers, black lightweight dress at other times, also in the evening with miniature medals for appropriate functions.
CHIEF JUDGE N. V. BUCHANA ,Vice-President, Alberta St. John COllncil receiving a cheque for $20,000, for the Ophthalmic Hospital, Jerusalem, from one of the yOllng marchers in the Calgary-Alberta "Miles for Millions" march. As the Calgary and District Illternational Aid Society stated "The sacrifices reaped by the walkers will benefit millions of people all ol·er the world. The blisters and callouses of many feet, the tired muscles mean hope alld opportunity in a world of hunger, poverty and destitlltion."
Times of Malta
John Klavi"as
Attempted Suicide and the General Nurse
CLARE MARC WALLACE gives some advi ce to casualty s taff
Approximately 5,000 people a year die from suicide in this country and many times this number attempt it. In a large proportion of cases, patients who have attempted suicide are referred to a general hospital for immediate treatment.
When the attempted suicidal patient is brought into Casualty he may be met with understanding by the medical and nursing team, but unfortunately it is not infrequent for staff to feel contemptuous of, say, minor cuts of the wrist, or the swallowing of a small overdose of aspirin. There is the feeling that these patients are a "waste of time," as they "aren't really ill."
If and when they are admitted to psychiatric hospitals one hears stories from both patients and relatives of the unsympathetic and even callous treatment received at general hospitals. Sutures may be inserted into a slashed wrist without a local anaesthetic "as a punishment." (This I can verify, having worked in Casualty before taking psychiatric training.) Sisters select large stomach tubes and pass them none too gently into the patient after a small overdose of drugs.
Occasions like these are far too common to be imagination on the part of the patients concerned. Having spoken to many general nurses I am afraid that students learn this harsh attitude from the trained staff and, when they are trained, pass on their prejudice to their juniors
One intelligent male patient, who was very depressed about his examinations, took an overdose of codeine and cut his wrists. He was conscious on arrival at the casualty department of his local hospital and told me that he was admitted by a staff nurse who took one look at him and remarked in his hearing, to a student: "Oh Lord It's one of those blessed neurotics. Find a nice, big stomach tube while I get the doctor. He's going to like being called out at this hour for this. Beats me why they don't make a good job of it or else pull themselves together." The man's relatives overheard part of this conversation and complained to the casualty officer, once he had treated the patient. His only defence was to shrug off the whole matter. "We get so many of these cases," he said. "They're usually only trying to cause a scene."
Incidents like this are far too common and , in my opinion, only go to show the enormous gulf between the psychiatric and general nurse. Attempted suicide is aLways a serious matter, attempted by a patient who is at his wits ' end. I am not suggesting that the patient should be fussed over, but I do plead for some understanding by casualty staff. The treatment they give to these patients is remembered and can serve to make potential suicides "make certain" that they do not fail in their attempt at selfdestruction the next time.
Reassurance to the distressed patient and relatives by casualty staff is common humanity. It is a nurse's duty to soothe the disturbed patient and to carry out first-aid measures with the minimum of discomfort to the patient, who is already in a tense and anxious state. If the nurse's attitude is one of hostility, it only serves to reinforce the patient's feelings of dejection and depression. Life is important to every human being and to attempt to end it must surely mean that the patient is in a desperate state and needs expert help from all who come in touch with 6
him. However trivial the injuries , the fact that the patient has felt forced to make the gesture is sufficient reason to treat him with respect and pres erve his dignity
It is never up to the nurse to pass judgment on the attempted suicidal patient. Even if she is not psychiatrically trained she remains a nurs e , with all the privileg es and duties towards aLL her patients that this entails.
Usually, if the patient's condition is such that a psychiatric opinion is necessary- and it usually is- then the attempted suicide is admitted to a medical ward to await this opinion and for further treatment and observation. In some cases the patient is seriously ill, physically and requires intensive care. Very often, however, the patient is taken to the medical ward conscious.
The nurses there invariably experience either exasperation or anxiety- or both. They fear further attempts and " blame" if the attempt should prove successful. There is a great sigh of relief, from the sister down , if and when the patient is transferred to a psychiatric hospital. I wonder how many of the staff think about what happens to the patient after transfer. Usually they do not; for th e general nurse it is just a question of hoping that the patient will be moved as soon as possible for the "magic" of the mental hospital.
"Heartiness," jollying along or contempt have no place in the care of this type of patient. A sympathetic approach and a willingness to listen whenever time allows is , I believe, the best approach by the untrain ed nurse. If patients wish to talk about their attempt then they should not be hushed up or censured , but allowed to rid themselves of some of their guilt b y talking. " But, what should I advise?" the student nurse may ask. There are no hard and fast rules, except to remember that the patient will feel reassured even if the nurse only listens Advice from her is out of place. She should try to show that she cares about the patient's future , and offer reassurance as occasion demands. Should the patient say that he intends to try suicide again , this must be reported at once and , if necessar y, the patient should be specialled.
Provided the nurse remembers that e ve ry on e has a breaking point, then she will not go far wrong in her approach to the patient. Attempted suicide is an appeal for help, and help should be forthcoming from everyone with whom the patient comes into contact.
R e printed b y kind p e rmission of th e Author and th e "Nursing Mirror."
Please send a photograph (not returnable) with your material. Also please, when Letters of Commend· ation and Meritorious Certificates are awarded, send a picture of the recipient. ffillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllil1I11111111111111111111UIIIlIIIlIIIIIlIIIIlIlIlIiF.
DIVISION,
e r Julia OLL e rnshaw ; Cad e t / L
ad e r Susan Je nks: Cad e t / L e ader Susan PauLson ; S g t Jan e Daws Front row: Sgt. Erika Ward ; Sgt. Susan ALcock ; Cad e t
gain ed th e ir Sp e cial Ser v ic e Shi e Lds for ov e r 400 hours of du ty.
HERTS
OF THE
NURSING
AUGUST
DIVISIONAL OFFICER E. C. F ORB ES receiving a Meritorious Certificate from Commissioner Mr. Leonard Percey for saving a man's life. Mr. Forbes, of the Hitchin Ambulance Division, employed as an engineer at the Lea Valley Dairies Depot, was faced with a severe injury of a ruptured artery between the thigh and abdomen of the casualty who had been crushed against a wall by a lorry. He thrust his hand into the wound, holding the severed artery. When bandages were applied, Mr. Forbes hand was still holding-on and it was in this way that both casualty and first-aider were taken to hospital. He commented: " l cannot even remember whom I told to do what. But an instinct ingrained over 20 years led me to do what I did." Training will tell.
A Well Paid Job?
By A Veteran Brigade Officer
"You're on a good thing," "You get well paid or you wouldn't do it," "The Government pays you."
What member of the Brigade has not heard these remarks, or ones in similar terms? You have to tolerate and dismiss them as the utterings of uninformed individuals who do not, or will not, realise that some people give voluntary help when and where it is needed.
One particular individual I know was very fond of passing such comments when he came across members of the Brigade and I had often been the target for his shafts. I knew that other members of my division had suffered in a like manner so that when I came up against him my mood was far from amiable. When he had indulged in his usual sarcasm, instead of ignoring him, as I usually did, I cornered him.
"Do you know how much it has cost me to do this work?" I asked him, and before he could say any more, I added "a £1,000. When did you do anything for nothing last or pay to help somebody else?" He went off muttering and I would not be 8
surprised if it was "More fool you," that he uttered under his breath or something like that.
Later in more leisurely moments I pondered over what I had said. He was the type who would make capital out of it if he could so I mused over the prospect and wondered if, should the need arise, I could substantiate my hurried calculation.
During my service I had had five uniforms paid for by myself, the division was not in a financial position to fit its men out that way and the last one, a complete officer's outfit, did not give me much change out of £30.
Then my telephone. I had this installed when I took over the job of transport officer, in my own name, and not in that of the Brigade, so the accounts came to me and I mostly forgot to pass them to the divisional treasurer.
My car too. I do not know how many miles I ran that on Brigade business, teams to competitions, men to the surrounding places for duty, and a host of other little things. Petrol, well I just paid. I suppose by the amount of Brigade work it did I should not have been far out of order if I had
A
WELL PAID JOB ContinuedJ;'omfacing page asked for assistance towards the tax and insurance, but I never did. Then when my sight went, to the extent that I could not conform with Ministry requirements, I did my travelling by bus or train. I attended conferences in London paying my fare and since I was appointed to the Order I have not missed st. John's Day. On all occasions I have been accompanied by my wife and this meant lunch, tea, dinner, or sometimes a show and supper. Not that I mind, but if I had not been in the S.J.A.B. I should not have been involved in such expenditure.
Any Brigade correspondence I dealt with I paid the postage for and sometimes this was a dozen letters a week. My house too was the First Aid Post for the surrounding area and my first aid case was frequently in use. Replacements, well I provided them myself. I could have drawn from divisional stores but never did. The division had difficulty to keep going financially without any burdens that could be borne otherwise.
As a senior officer of the Brigade in the town I was invited to attend many gatherings and functions and these often involved some sort of expense. Some I need not have gone to but I represented the Brigade and so had to uphold it. Some of them could assist us one way or another so it was up to me to let them know our interest. Nothing that would bring St. John to the notice of other people could be allowed to escape and so the sacrifice was cheerfully made.
A thousand pounds did I say. I don't think I overestimated. It has made me happy and I trust that by my efforts some others have been made a little happier too.
Hobbies, and St. John work has been one of my chief interests, are not expensive, whatever the cost, if they provide enjoyment.
"DAILY EXPRESS"
SEPTEMBER 25
QUEEN MARY'S COLLEGE, E.l
The winning team will go forward to compete in the Grand Prior's International First Aid Championships in November.
This Daily Express competition which is restricted to industry and aimed at promoting knowledge of first aid and its advantages on the workShop floor is sponsored by the Daily Express in association with 5t. John Ambulance.
ACCIDENTS WITH ELECTRIC CURRENT
WAR N I N G contact with electric cables carrying voltages up to 400,000 leads to serious injury, including severe burns.
On August 20th, 1968, two such instances were reported, the first in "The Times" and the "Evening Standard."
"The Times" report:
Three small boys were playing in a sub-station area. One named Alex started to climb a generator with a red thing on top. A companion said, as he put his hand out, "the fire came out at us."
Alex was found lying down with his clothes burning. Mr. McKean, who answered the call for help stripped the burning clothes off the boy and covered him with his c0at.
"Evening Standard" report:
While two men were clearing a cable beneath a gas main the live cable was struck by a pick. There was an explosion. The two men were knocked down. One, whose clothes were on fire "from head to toe" ran across the road. His clothes were almost burnt off.
The danger with high voltage units is that the electricity "will reach or jump out" and set one's clothes on fire.
Motto-keep your distance.
DO IT NOW
Revise your knowledge by reading over the Chap.ter on "Injuries due to Electric Current."
C.D.E.E. PORTON-Men' Team. N.C.O.S.D. BARLOW-Women's Team. Runners-Up P. & E.E. Shoeburyness. R.A.R.D.E. Fort Halstead. Trophy for Best Pairs Nos. 1 and 2 Porton. Nos. 1 2 R.O.F. Glascoed. Full results August issue.
J E R S E Y
ST. JOHN AMBULANCE JERSEY CENTRE
JERSEY WOMEN'S POLICE TEAM WIN THE PHILIP LE MASURIER MEMORIAL TROPHY. W.P.C.s M. Carter; P. de Carteret; M. Staley and Reserve Cadet B. Wilding.
COMPETITIONS
STATES OF JERSEY (MEN'S) POLICE TEAM IN ACTION. Members of the team were P .C.s M. Wright; A. Dr yland; D. Ponting and R. Stokes. The Trophy was presented by H. F. C. EREAUT, Esq., and the competitions were judged by Drs. David Scott-Warren and R. L. Osm ent.
STATES AIR-PORT FIRE SERVICE TEAM: 1. Coran; 1. Cowan; 1. SIll/ivan alld A. Blackmore, dealing with the casualties during the competition. There were two victims who were sllpposed to be injured by a hit-and-run motorcyclist. It is the first time for 50 years that a similar competition has been held, but it is hoped that it will 110W be an annual event.
By BEATRICE N. MUNYASI, Division 6, Kisumu
St. John Ambulance Association
ST JOHN Ambulance Association is an organisation which started during the time of the crusades. It is one that is concerned with helping people as well as animals. It is run by the Order o[ St. John, whose headquarters are in Jerusalem. This organisation was introduced at Lugulu by the former matron, Miss G. Hiskins. At the beginning we were doubtful of whether it would function as needed, but with help from the headquarters, it continued and is still going on smoothly. Miss Hiskins organised a small group of girls to learn First Aid. Many people, of whom one was myself, wanted to join it but failed to get a vacancy. The Club was being held on Monday after school. One Monday, I sat alone in the formroom and thought of how I might become a member of St. John. Then fortunately one more member was needed and Miss Hiskins sent for anyone who was around and was interested to join. The rest of the people had gone for games and I was the only person around. So that was how I joined the St. John Ambulance Club.
The courses include: Home Nursing, Child Care and First Aid. It is after one has passed the First Aid cour e that one is called a cadet. One is not allowed to study for Horne Nursing or Child Care unle s one is a cadet. Many girls at Lugulu are very interested in joining the Club, but the limited number decided does not allow them to.
The courses are usually held in the School Hall.
When Miss Hiskin left for England, she left me and Phinike Havaya in charge of the Organisation in the school. This meant that we had to act as Nurse Instructors. By then, Phinike was in the third form while I was in the second form, and so we decided to train twelve members from the first form.
After they had been called cadets, we asked them to study for either Home Nursing or Child Care. Many of them were willing, and they did well.
.Phinike agreed to take over the FIrst Aid c1as while I took over the Horne Nursing and Child Care classes. Due to the co-operation of those girls, we worked on, hand-inhand till the Club attracted many people in the schoo l. That was the year 1966 to 1967.
Unfortunately Phinike finished school in 1967 and left me to continue
with the work. I found it hard to work alone, and so I had to get two cadets to help me. These were Florence Nafula and Beatrice Otido. They cou ld not start teaching until they had been proved fit, and so they were examined by Miss Copeland, S.R.N., who enrolled the trainees. Beatrice took over the Child Care class, while I, with Florence, the Home Nursing and First Aid classes.
By July 1967, many girls had joined the Club and so we had enrolled the ma iority of the school.
The Club is greatly advancing in the school. As we are very busy with the preparation of East Africa School Certificate Examination, J have chosen Florence Wavuko, Martha Webi and Florence Malto to take over our places. These girls have been trained and are capable of leading others. They are training members from both forms one and two. We help them whenever they are in difficulties.
It is indeed a pleasure that the Club is helpful both at school and at horne. When I was trained by Miss Hiskins, I thought that was just a club where I could pass time. The day carne for sports. I did not know that I could be of any help, but Miss Hiskins told me to convert one of the form rooms to serve as a Medical Centre. "Am I going to be of any help?" I thought to myself when I went back to my cubicle.
During the time for sports I remained at the Medical Centre. Two hours did not pass before one of the athletes was brought with a wound on the leg. "What should I do?" I recalled what I was taught when dealing with wounds and so I got it bandaged. It was 0 hot that many athletes fainted. With help from other cadets, the day went on all right. This incident proved the u e[ul work of St. John Ambulance.
When we broke up [or the August holidays, I did not carry any bandages or anything with which I could apply First Aid. Miss Hiskins gave me a cadet badge which showed that I was a member of this body. I was very proud of it and I wore it wherever I went. Many people who saw me wearing it said: "Beatrice can help in an emergency."
The time carne when I did what I did not think I could do. I had gone to the market. No sooner had I reached the market, than a bus collided with a car. The window glass of the car cut the hand of the driver, and there was too much bleeding. What I 11
The Allthor had to do was to stop the bleeding as quickly as possible. When the policemen arrived, the bleeding had topped. Once at school, and now in the market 1 had to utilise my knowledge of the work of St. John. Because of my pre ence, the casualty's life was preserved. Then the doctor came, I explained to him the history of the accident, what treatment I had given, and the present condition of the injured. The doctor said, "You have helped."
In the course of the holiday, I had a job in hand. With the knowledge of St. John, I had to teach the women Child Care and Home Nursing. The young children agreed to learn First Aid. As for the women, that really helped them, for many did not know the correct time for weaning a baby. During the meetings I could say, "Mothers, I have called you here to improve the health of the children and yourselves, and everybody else. When you want to give food to the child, first clean yourself and make sure that everything else is clean. When teaching a child how to speak, do not imitate hi way of speaking but speak properly. Do not use abusive words in the pre ence of children, for children are likely to copy that example and are likely to shame you before other people.
"When omeone is drowning, remove him from the water and apply artificial re piration, and his life will be restored." Where practical work was needed, I had to demonstrate it practically. I could conclude by warning them that "Health is the key to life." They could all go home and do likewise.
Thus the body of St. John now begins to help in the homes and village.
At school, when we study for course, e pecially those of u who intend to go in for nursing, we are annually given certificates when we have pa ed the examination. These certificate help us a great deal. They enable us to join certain departments
(Contil/ued on page 28)
BRIGADE IN ACTION
A Y O UNG WOMAN looks anxiously to a St. John Member for comfort, reassurance and help while his coLLeague treats her friend who was injured during the disturbance.
Luton Evening Post
OAK ROAD END BATTLE
PO LICE CHIEF INSP ECTO R JOHN BOOTHBY in an interview described the scene as something he had never witnessed before. This took place at the Luton v. Watford match in May. More than 100 people were treated by Brigade members, thirty of which needed further treatment in hospital.
HOSPITALLERS CLUB FOR WALES. Sir Cennydd Traherne, Chancel/or of the Priory for Wales, ul/veiled a plaque in memory of St. John Ambulance Officers and Members who gave their lives in two World Wars. The dedication was performed by the Re vermd Canon W. E. C. Thomas, Officiating Chaplain of the Prior y. Also in the pictllre: Dr. J. L. Davi es, Treasurer; Dr. T. J. M. Gregg, Chief Surgeoll; Mr. C. 1 Parr y, Bri gade Secretary for Wales; Dr. W. B. Davi es, Chairman; Dr. D. W. Williamson, Vice-Chairman and Colonel J. R. L. Traherne, Chief Commissioner for Wales.
MEMBERS OF THE BRIGADE in action at the Luton Football match held at Oak Road End in May this year.
THE CRUSADER-ST. JOHN AMBULANCE RESCUE BOAT which operates in the Towy Estuary at Ferryside, Carmarthenshire. Picture shows the crew racing to water in answer to all "emergency" call. "The Herald of Wales" gave a splendid centre page feature on this I/ew venture-pictures covered the moment of launching (in five stages) to the "casualty" being carried ashore.
South Wales Evening Post
South Wales Evening Post
co. DURHAM
BILLINGHAM AM BULANCE
CA D ET DIVISION. It is with g r eat pleasure that the progress of this comparat i vely new Division is noted. La/est effort is a lively Newsletter-hope it doesn't compete with the REVIEW, but it certainly supplies some good material, including "Fun-in-First Aid" for the "National Magazine." Picture shows them after they won the Yorkshire Shield earlier this year. They will rep r esent Yorkshire N.R. to give a demonstration at the CADET RALLY in July. Left to right:
Cold Water Treatment of Burns and Scalds
By WILLIAM THOMSON, M.D., D.P.H., D.I.H., D.P.A.
Western Regional Hospital Board, Glasgow
Until a few years ago the first aid treatment of burns and scalds was essentially negative. Apart from covering the burned area with a clean dressing, securing rapid admission to hospital and reassuring the patient, first aiders were usually taught what NOT to do. This negative approach was designed primarily to reduce the risk of infection and to ease the patient's treatment in hospital whe r e casualty surgeons often had the unenviable task of removing b u tte r , soap and other substances from a raw a n d painful area. The principle seemed to be that if little good was being done, at least the first aid treatment was calculated to do the minimum of harm.
My own views were altered by two isolated events. I had read and been impressed by an article by Dr. F. L. Willington, of Devon, in which he advocated the treatment of minor burns by immersion in milk and I started to teach this to my first aid classes. My own limited experience and the "feed-back" from the various classes seemed to justify this as a first aid measure. My real conversion came a few years later when, one wintry night, I attended a lectur e given by Dr. O. J. Ofeigsson of Iceland. He outlined his experimental work on rats using cold water as a treatment of burns and scalds.
In Iceland, immediate immersion of the burned part in cold water is a traditional way of treating a burn and Ofeigsson sought to prove its value experimentally. In a series of tests during which anaesthetised rats were given various burns and scalds, he showed beyond all doubt that prompt immersion of the burned part in cold water hastened the heal i ng process and prevented or alleviated ma n y of the complications. His work has since b een confirmed in h u mans and in an imals by other doctors. 14
The advantages of tbis form of treatment as a first aid measure are immense. It relieves the intense pain and gives comfort to the burned patient who becomes more easily manageable and receptive to reassurance. For the first time it gives the first aider something positive to do ; something that can be done at once; something which does not require elaborate equipment or training; and something which favourably affects the outcome of the injury . Apart from the immediate good, immersion of the burned part in cold water prevent further damage, improves recovery time, enhances healing, helps to combat shock and probably reduces the risk of infection
The following points are worth considering in a little more detail :
TIMEFACfOR
The burned part must be immersed in cold water immediately, nothing should interfere with this aim, and there should be no delay other than to extinguish naked flames. The object is to lower the temperature of the burned area quickly and, in a way, to drain the heat out of the burn into the water. Nevertheless, even if there has been a delay it is m y opinion that immersion should still be carried out. It has been shown that even after a delay of forty-five minutes healing is improved; and swelling and fluid is reduced even after a 2-3 hours' time-lag. In mass burning s ituations, particularly where there is a shortage of t r a in ed first aiders, even a single immersion may be vital in reducing damage although it will not control pain.
(Continued on page 25)
, to H.M. THE QUEE MOTHER.
H.M. QUEEN ELIZABETH, THE QUEEN MOTHER IN HERTFORD SHIRE
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, Mother inspected the Hertfordshire the St. John Ambulance Brigade Polytechnic on May 17.
The Queen Divisions of at Hatfield
This is the first Royal Tnspection of Hertfordshire Divisions since the Brigade Command for the County of Hertford was fir t set up as a separate body in 1935.
It was good to see the Commis ioner, Mr. L. R. N. Percey, M.B.E., J.P., well enough to be pre ent on thi historic occasion and it is with regret that his retirement, after six years, is announced. Many people, outside the County, will have known him and warmed to his unfailing friendlines , and will wish him a compJete return to health and a happy retirement.
On arrival at Hatfield, Her Majesty was met by Major-General Sir George Burns, Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire.
During the Parade, Her Majesty pre ented a number of Service Medal, Grand Prior Badges, and Special Service Shields. The R oyston Nursing Cadet Team, the current ho lders of the National Trophy for First A id and Home Nursing were presented.
15
Following the Parade, Her Majesty watched a "First Aid Incident" presented by the team of the Hitchin Ambulance Cadet Division (the winners of the 1969 County Cadet Ambulance Competitions).
( COllt il1l1ed overleaf)
HER MAJESTY pres e nted DiVISIONAL SUPERINTENDENT , MRS. A. L. OLNEY , with her Service M edal She is Superintendent of t h e St. Albans llrsing Cadet Di visio n.
Cadet/Cpl. Colin Pickeri ng; Cadet /Sgt. J effrey Green; D/S. Alan Caig; Cadet/Sgt. Malcolm Hodgkiss; Cadet /C pl. Neil McNalighton.
MR L. R. N. PERCEY, Commissioner, Hertfordshire , presented the DEPUT-Y COM: MISSIONER , MR. F. GORDO HOLMES
Among those who were presented and received awards were:
Awards-Ambulance
Ambulance Member Leslie Maddison of Hoddesdon Combined Division.
Ambulance Member Ronald Alfred James,
S.E.N. of Hemel Hempstead Combined Division.
Divisional Superintendent John Hankin, Royston Ambulance Division.
Sergeant Ernest C. Camp of Welwyn and District Combined Division.
Ambulance Member George H. Westgarth of Bishop's Stortford Ambulance Division.
Awards-Nursing
Divisional Superintendent Mrs. A. L. Olney of St. Albans Nursing Cadet Division.
Divisional Officer Mrs. I. M. Ellis of Stevenage (Chells) Combined Division.
Awards- Ambulance Cadets
Special Service Shields
Stuart Marlow of Hitchin Ambulance Division (Cadets).
Ivan Newson of Hitchin Ambulance Division (Cadets).
Awards-Nursing Cadets
Margaret Evans of Letchworth Nursing Cadet Division.
1969 Trophy Winner
Gillian Maslin, st. Albans Nursing Cadets, this year's winner of the County Individual Nursing Cadet Trophy, was among those presented to Her Majesty.
The Members of the Royston Nursing Cadet Team presented were: Dorothy Swann, Anne Kerzie, Bridget Banner, Rosemary Leftwich, Angela Simons.
A DAY TO REMEMBER
DIVISIONAL OFFICER MRS. TSABELLA ELLIS, Stevenage (Chells) Combined Division, receives her Service Medal from H.M. The Queell Mother.
H.M. QUEEN ELIZABETH, THE QUEEN MOTHER, inspecting Amblilance Members ot the Brigade in Hertfordshire.
D /S J. HANKIN, Royston Amblliance Division , receiving his award from Her Majesty. He joined the Brigade in 1954 alld has taken a keen interest in the Cadet Di vision and was instrumental in starting the Cadet band which is now well established and takes part at all local functions.
Mr. V. H. CLARK, principal tutor, Boston General Hospital, Lines, describes an experiment in block release education for pre-nursing cadets
§ undertaken by the Sheffield Regional Hospital Board § :;1111-1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
It is always a problem to find a scheme of pre-nursing education and experience which is effective and satisfying for both cadet and hospital. On the one hand, the cadet feels she is wasting her time and is being used as a substitute for domestic or portering staff while on the other , hospital staff become frustrated with the limitations imposed on the usage of cadets in the various wards and departments. To both sides the average cadet scheme appears to be a waste of money and everyone's time.
Th Nursing Committee of the Sheffield Region al Hospital Board sent a memorandum to the hospitals within its area encouraging Nurse Education Committees to investigate the possibility of setting up cadet education on a block release basis. In Boston, this scheme seemed to have possibilities and the Nurse Education Committee asked the local College of Further Education and the Nurse Training School to look into the matter and find out if this idea was feasible. The suggestion from the Regional Board was that cadets should be released for two block periods of study of six months each, i.e ., one block per year. On the face of it, this was not practicable until we examined the idea of running these blocks consecutively, from the January following the intake of new cadets in the previous September.
Girls would then arrive at the hospital in the September and work there full-time until Christmas without going to the college at all. Then in the new year, they would attend the college full-time for 20 weeks and the second period of 18 weeks would follow immediately, with the summer break taken normally as for all the other college students. During the college holidays, cadets would work in hospital and take their annual leave.
This scheme was put before the Nurse Education Committee who approved of it whole-heartedly, recommending the Hospital Management Committee to adopt it and
to seek approval from the Mini try of Health. This was obtained and permission was granted to pay the cadets while at college when it was pointed out that the total time spent at classes was equivalent to the time already being spent at the college on the existing day-release scheme. The principal of the Boston College was strongl y in favour of the scheme and did all in his power to further arrangements
Advantages
The advantages we expect to ga in from this scheme are these: first, we can ofTer girls a programme which the y can complete before they enter an introductor y cour e, provided they have not reached the age of 17 year in the September of entry. Secondly, the college is able to include in this block release other tudents who do not wish to be nurses, but wish to take the subjects incorporated in the syllabus. This would help pre-nursing cadets to mix with other students and perhaps widen their outlook Thirdly, such an arrangement of blocks will allow a better selection of subjects to be taught because different lecturers can be used who would be unavailable to the original day-release scheme. Fourthly, girls joining the cadet scheme without any subjects at O-level or Grade 1 C.S.E., will be able to take English language , human biology and sociology at O-level at the end of time spent at the college.
In addition to these subjects, the cadets will study applied chemistry and applied ph ys ics, taking an internal examination at the end of the course. Fifthly, the prenursing cadets will be back in hospital awaiting the introductory block and having undergone the whole of th e cadet course, thus making maximum effective use of the college educational facilities
(Continued 011 page 30)
DEVON
SALTASH AMBULANCE & NURSI G CADETS WIN COU TY COMPETITIO S The trophi es were presented by MISS E. PAYNTER Division Director British Red Cross Society. Runn erS- lip in r'he A IC were St. George's Road ·'B" Team. /n th e NurSLl1g Cadet Section, Saltash had a clear win of 2st mqrks over the runn ers -up , St. Bonifac e. A t th e pr ese ntatIOn ceremo,?y Cadet Leader Carol Nicholls (St. BOlliface N IC / D) recen·e d the Pranc e Cup for o utstandin g activities and initiative in 1968 The Ambulance Cadet Award to Cadet Leader P eter Bish op, St. George's Road DI VISIon.
We tern M orning N cw
COMMANDERY OF ARDS
Picture shows: Lady Grey accepting her badge of Office, as District Presid ent, from The Countess of Roden. Also in the picture is Mr. D. S. Stephens, B.A., Commandery Commissioner.
SUSSEX
MISS JANET !IUGHES r ece iving h er Grand Prior 's fro"!, J:'1.1SS : G. Lawson, Pr es id ent, Worthing Nurslllg DIVISIOn. Jan et, who joined as a Cadet started h e r G e n er al NursinFf trainillg at Worthing Hospital this yea r. Every good Wish to Miss Hugh es, and th e other 500 or 600 Cadets who tak e lip nursin g every year
NORTHERN
IRELAND
FORTH RIVER PAGEANT. Ambulance alld staged a Pageant at a show In Wheatfield School, B e lfast , portraying the hIstory of th e Ord er alld its Foundations over 1.000 years. Pictllr e shows Anile-Marie Captain as a page and Ellen McCurdr as a Knight of the Order.
Bt.:Ifasl Telegraph
Beckel[ ewspapcrs Ltd.
HULL
SI R W ILLIAM P IKE inspecting the Hull and East Riding of Yorkshire units at Cottingham Secondary School. Over 500 members were on parade. Sir William took the salu te. Also present were the Lord Lieutenant, the Earl of Halifax, and t h e Co mm issioner of the East R iding, Lord Westbury.
DERBYS
70th ANNIV E RSAR Y OF D E RB Y C OM BINED DIVISION The Derby Combined D ivision celebrated its 70th Al1 n iversary th is yea r They received a congratulatory telegram from the Comm is ioner-in-Chief. The Divisional Super intendent, G. H B oyce. has completed 40 years service with the D ivision. I t became a Combi ll ed D i v ision in the mid-1960's and now has a me m be rs h ip of 30.
eceptionist.
J OHN AMBULANCE T
ANSPORT DEP A
TMENT, GUER NSEY. In Guernsey t he people who answer the emergency calls are al l St. John members. They have a fine Headquarters and, as we know, they also do a magnificent job on cliff reSCl/es, The Flying Christine II, and calls for help on land and sea. Perhaps they will be taking to the air shortly. Full report in August issue. In the meantime you can go to the Channel Is lands for your holiday knowing that you will be in the best of hands should misfor t une overtake you.
SMARTEST
TURN OUT
NU R SING CADETS Pauline Hart, Catherine Reynolds, Karen Myes (Capt.), Stephanie Patterson and Lavinia Boler WOIl the Miall-Smith Cup and the COllnty Competitions for the best l/niform turn-out.
The Daily Mail, Hull
WELWYN GARDEN CITY
Welwyn Times
RESCUE AWARD
NU R SING CADET HAZEL HUGHES, Cove N IC Div ision, was presented w i th a powder compact by the Divisional President, Mrs. 1. Welch in recognition of her successful rescue attempt at Hay li ng I sland. She saw a man in difficult ies in the sea and, with a friend, swam Ollt and brought him to safety. The Divisional President, Mrs. D. Kent said, in her address, how pro/ld everyone was of Hazel's outstanding bravery.
by the
Dlike-Elder earlier this year. The ceremony was attended hy the Secretar .v- General, Mr. N. S. McClintock. A fuller report will appear ill the A ugllst issue. WHEN July 10 July 12 Sept. 13 SEPTEMB E R 25 October 5
DATES FOR YOUR DIARY
NATIONAL EVENTS FIRST AID COMPETITIONS-1969 WHAT British R ail, London Transport (R ail) and British Transport Docks St. John Ambulance Brigade Stourbridge Centre. Open Competition
Fairfield Halls. Croydon, Surrey We twood Dawes & Co. Ltd. Bowling Green R oad, Stourbridge Qu een Mary' C oll ege, Lon don , E.!
DAILY EX PRESS NATI ONAL COMPETITIO N F OR IND USTR Y WHE R E Queen Mary's College. London, E.1
National R oad Passenger Transport The Music Hall , Union Street, Am bulance Centre Aberdeen § October 16 Gas Industry Friends House, Euston, London, N.W.! == § October 29 G.P.O. Seymour Hall, London, W.1 §
N O VEMBER 20 GRAND PRIOR 'S TROPHIES Seym our H a ll, London, W.l
GRAFOR
Applying Graforel vinyl lettering, for instant. signs. Full details .of display letterfng in a variety of m ate rials from William B urridge & Assoczates, 18a, Dunrobln Court, 385, Flnchle y Road , Lon d on, N.W.3.
SELF ADHERING PLASTIC LETTERS FOR INSTANT SIGNS
D is pl ay le tte r ing is manufactured today in a number of different materials. And it is certainly an important advantage o f su ch well cut manufactured letters that they are bo th f u nctional and decorative.
Mr. Terek, Managing D irector of London Industrial Art, wh o se C ompany makes dis pl ay lettering of all ki n d s, c o ns ide r s that cork or vinyl letter would be the m o st su ita b le, bo th are simple to apply and can subsequ ently be remo ved if a ch a nge is required.
24
It is unnecessary to have previous experience in order to handle these letters well; and convey sales messages or information to customers in a way which enhances the general appearance of the salon. Lettering can be used for directional signs, merchandise displays, the tariff of charges or simply to take advantage of a bare wall space to repeat the organisation's name , to mention but a few examples.
(Continued in August issue).
COLD WATER TR EATMENT O F BURNS AN D SCALD S
Continued /rom page 14
WH AT T O DO
The burned part should be held under a running cold water tap or shower right away , while a basin or bath is being filled . The burned part should then be immersed in cold water making su r e that every part of the burned area is covered. If the burned area cannot be immersed satisfactorily due to anatomical difficulties or the receptacle being too small , then clean sheets soaked in cold water could be applied , and re-applied frequently, to the burned area so that the necessary cooling may be achieved 'I he patient s hould be reassured constantly .
P ER I OD OF IMMER SIO N
Whenever possible the patient should have the burned part immersed until there is no longer any pain This varies with the nature and extent of the burn and can be from a few minutes to five hours While lengthy periods of immersion can be achieved easil y with small or moderate burns , patients with extensive burns must be removed to hospital as soon as possible In cases of this type the part is immersed immediately and the ambulance summoned. The burned area must be cooled for at least ten minutes, timed by the clock- if the ambulance takes longer to arrive, the patient must be kept with the burned parts immersed until it does. During transfer to hospital the burned areas may be loosely covered with a sterile dressing , although I personally would prefer a dressing soaked in cold water.
REM OVAL OF CLOTHIN G
Cooling should be started immediately by immersing the burned part, including the clothing, in water. Time must not be wasted in removing clothing at the cost of a delay in getting cold water to the damaged part. Once the b urned area is in the water , the clothing should then be removed unless it is sticking to the body. Overheated clothes would continue to burn the skin and also prevent loss of heat from the affected area.
TEMP E R ATUR E OF THE WATER
Recent evidence suggests that it may be desirable for water at room temperature to be used. when immersion is likely to be prolonged or when burns are extensive.
CLEANLI NESS OF THE WATER
Ordinary tap water is quite satisfactor y. In an emergency some authorities are of the opinion that any water would do If time allows , I would not object to a small quantity of antiseptic being added. with due precautions, to the water after the part has been immersed.
The following case histories might be of interest :
CASE 1 (D r. O. J. Ofeigsson)
As a child of two, this lady fell and plunged her right arm up to the axilla in a pot of boiling milk A bystander immediately put th e child's arm into a bucket of cold water but the level reached only to the elbow. Now after thirty-eight years, apart from a mall smooth scar on the back of the right hand, her arm and forearm are normal. From the elbow to the shoulder. however , she has ugl y brown and white scarring and contracture.
CASE 2 (Dr O J. Ofe igss o n)
A husband and wife were making jam in a cooker which exploded, splattering their faces with the boiling yrup They immediately began imm ersing their faces in basins of cold water keeping the burned areas under water for long a po ssible before drawing breath and reImmersing The husband stopped treatment after a few minutes but hi s wife continued for a further hour. Photographs taken later revealed tiny scars on the hUsband s face ; his wife s face w as normal. : 5
DUNSTER CASTLE
"Th er e is no oth er house in Som ers e t wh ere th e Order Standard has flown so proudl y on so man y occasions " Bishop of Bath & Wells. June 18 , 1967.
A beautiful portrait by Philip de Laszlo was painted a few years after Mrs. G Luttrell became associated with the Bngade
Through the long years her interest has never waned and the history of the Brigade in Somerset is a continuous story of generous gifts and personal encouragement.
Her home in Dunster- the only remaining Norman Castle in Somerset- is constantly open for St. John functions. Many social occasions attended by guest s from all over the County, have greatly benefited St. John funds and against this historic background the Presidents of Somerset have held their Annual Meetings to discuss how best they could help their Divisions These and other memorable occasions at Dunster have never failed to leave an impression of a gracious hostess , warmhearted and far-seeing , shunning publicity yet generous eilough to make it possible for us to include her portrait in our Year Book
On her retirement as County President, we wish her health and happiness and may the strong ties of affectionate regard in which she is held throughout the County long continue .
( B y courtes y of th e Editor of " The Som ers e t Year Book ."
Leader of Westminster City Council appointed Commander , St. John Ambulance, London District
Group Captain Gordon Pirie, Leader of Westminster City Co uncil, has been elevated to Commander, St. J ohn Ambulance, London District. Group Captain Pirie who has been Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade for the past nine years, will henceforth be responsible for all St. John activities in Greater London.
CASE 3 (Dr. A . G. Shulm a n)
A man was scalded with steam. the burn involving the face, arms, and chest wall. Ice water compresses were applied to all areas except a small overlooked patch on the abdominal wall. Although the patch was the most remote, all areas except the overlooked one were completely healed within one day. The abdominal patch blistered, remained painful, crusted over and required over two weeks for complete healing.
C O CLUS IO N
Cold water as a first aid treatment of burns and scald. either by immersion, or in my opinion by water soaked compresses i inexpen ive. readil y available , humane , harmles and very effective. It relieves pain, restores morale reduce shock, prevents complications and ha tens the healing process .
In my view it represent as great a breakthrough in the first aid treatment of burn s and scald as mouth-tomouth breathing did in the treatment of asphyxia.
(A list o f re f ere n ce s to th e r el e l'all( lit eratur e ma y b e ob tain ed fr o m th e (Iuth o r 0 11 requ ( st ) Refe re nce: D r. O. J . O fc i g on D r A G Shu l ma n
This articl e app ear ed ill th e British R ed Cross "N e ws R e l'ie w ," and w e ar e g rat e flll t o th e Allthor and Editor f o r p ermissi o ll fo publish it.
Reprinted from the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1968, 3, 123, by permission of the Author alld Editor. Sir,
Improvised Stretcher
When dealing with road accidents it is essential to lift injured persons from a vehicle with the utmost gentleness, and, if at all possible, in the position in which they are found. Within the confines of a saloon car this may be extremely difficult, using the normal points of access and relying upon gripping clothing without dragging or twisting the body, to say nothing of the contortions required on the part of the rescuer.
Matters can be simplified by using one blanket in the following manner.
The aim is to put a cradle under the patient with the minimal disturbance, and to produce handholds at a distance.
One end of the blanket is rolled up twice, and the remainder infolded upon itself like a Venetian blind until a narrow strip is produced which can be slipped carefully under the patient's knees.
With the roll behind the knees the folded portion is brought backwards under the buttocks (which need to be lifted slightly) and then unfolded upwards between the seat and the patient.
The patient is now cradled, he has not been disturbed, and he can be lifted out sideways, supported and controlled by handholds at a distance.
Mter extrication the patient may be lowered to the ground with the blanket protecting him below and above. By infolding the sides of the blanket it can now be used as a stretcher.
Dear Mrs. Richards,
First, may I convey my best wishes to you on your return to duty, and I do sincerely hope the prognosis is extremely satisfactory.
Could you please include in one of your editions, a request for all previous Brigade Orders in good condition, If anyone is contemplating disposal would they please forward to me and I will reimburse the postage, or perhaps better still, if they would write and explain what they hold, I will only be too pleased to answer. The reason for my unusual request is, I would like to get all these documents bound.
Incidentally, the picture on page 9 of the March issue, of South Mrica is the wrong way round, all the ladies have buttons on the right and medal ribbons also on the right breast.
Yours faithfully, S. C. MALLALIEu, SEN., Bury, Lancs.
Note: The Editor's thanks to Mr. Mallalieu for drawing attention to the South African picture and apologies to the ladies concerned.
Dear Mrs. Richards,
In Lincoln, we are orgamsmg a "STAMP MART" to raise funds and wondered whether you would be good enough to give it a mention in the "Review" in order to bring it to the notice of all Priories, (:ommanderies and Counties.
We are interested in ALL stamps, including foreign, British (Irish, Welsh and Scottish). No need to float them off their backing paper-we will do that-and some English stamps are just as valuable as foreign ones, if not more so.
Parcels of stamps should be sent to: The Hon. Secretary, St. John Council, Cardinal's Hat, 268, Higb Street, Lincoln.
We will willingly refund postage.
Yours sincerely, FRANCES HEDGES, County Superintendent CN).
Sir,
I am a nursing sister with a decision to make about my future - l read the nursing magazines, find a position I like, think about it for a while then change my mind in favour of another one.
Thinking?
I am thinking of the future but also recalling the past.
Although I hold my professional qualifications, my experience did not begin when I was 18 years old, nor when I was 16 years old and a nurse, it began when I was 11 years old, when, With a school colleague of mine ventured to our first-ever S.J.A.B. meeting-Cadets , of course.
Soon we were attending regularly. Passing examinations in such subjects as Home Nursing, Fire Fighting, Child Welfare and naturally First Aid. Promotion ran parallel at this time, and our spare time was soon to be occupied by voluntary nursing at a local hospital.
At last I was a member of the adult division, yet still able to attend many cadet lectures and functions.
I enjoyed S.J.A.B., it gave me a basic insight to nursing; at the same time, maintaining my interests in the career I had chosen. Many things I was taught during that time have over and over again proved invaluable to me since.
In an organisation like S.J.A.B. I made many, man y friends, went places and ventured into new territory.
I am, as I always have been and will be, a proud member of this organisation, even although at present my position prevents me from attending meetings and activities, the pamphlets and magazines published keep me in contact with my past world.
I should like to say "Thank you" to a wonderful organisation and to my many friends for their help; but to new members, especially those wishing to take up nursing in any form at any level, I say:
"All that you give now, is returned later, with interest ."
JACQUELlNE SAMPSON
NOTE.-This letter was written to the Commissioner, Staffordshire, and is from an Officer in the Q.A.R.A.N.C. who is an ex-Cadet.
Dear Mrs. Richards,
In the February issue of the "Review," I noticed the name of Doctor Brook Moore, who has been promoted to Knight of the Order, Priory in Australia. Dr. Moore was the Medical Officer in Stalag 383- where he organised first aid classes for the Allied prisoners of war. Certificates were gained by 368 British prisoners and a hand-carved shield was made for competition work.
Today the Brook Moore Novice Challenge Shield is in the Museum at St. John's Gate. It was presented in 1945 by Sergeant White and it was carved laboriouslY from a rough, wooden packing case which had contained a St. John and Red Cross food parcel. The carving was done with the aid of a penknife, nails and a piece of glass; the wood was then stained with boot polish. It is now an object of interest to visitors, particularly those from "down under"; at the same time it is a tribute to the courage and effort of the prisoners who contrived to pass their time in such praiseworthy manner.
Dr. Brook Moore's promotion is well deserved and will be a delight to those who know him.
Yours sincerely, C. E. TOWN. Stoneleigh, Surrey.
MINISTRY OF TECHNOLOGY AMBULANCE
Electrical Quality Assurance Directorate
JUDGES: Team Test: Dr. H. G. Jeffs of Catford.
Individual Tests: Dr. G. L. Love of Great Budworth. Dr. A. M. Nelson of Putney.
MEN'S
REVIEW CROSSWORD No. 7
Compiled
by
W. A. Potter
Nurse and Patient
Published on April 18, 1969. Human Relations in Nursing by Evelyn
Pearce, S.R.N. Faber & Faber, 25s.
This is an excellent book for those who have to look after the sick, as it explains the patients' reaction to illness very fully.
The addition of the brief chapter on the "religion of the patient" will help those who have little knowledge of different religions.
A book especially useful to the student or pupil nurse.
Health, Personal and Communal
Published April 18, 1969. A Short Hygiene for Nurses by
John Gibson, M.D., D.P.M. Faber & Faber, 7s.
A useful book to have available when preparing and giving lectures on Hygiene to Adult members and Cadets. The illustrations will be particularly helpful when talking to younger members.
Reviewed by Dame Barbara Cozens and Mrs. Nichols.
Yorkshire Post
YORK CITY AMBULANCE CADET DIVISION. The Divisional Superintendellt. Mr. S. R. Williams. in a new role as a Knight of the Order. This dual personality was to celebrate and proclaim the winners of the York v. Shrewsbury Telephone Area Competition-won by Shrewsbury.
LUGULU Continued from page 11 very easily. For example, when we apply for Nursing, we say: "In addition to the School Leaving Certificate, I have a Certificate in Home Nursing." The girls who were at Lugulu in 1966, most of them who joined Home Nursing while students and then decided to take up Nursing, had a very easy time during their first year in training. All they were doing, we had already covered. Making beds, bandaging, giving medicine to patients, bathing a patient while in bed, taking temperatures and very many other things.
When members of St. John go out from school, they are still helpful. They help in comforting the old people who are helpless, poor and have no children. They also go round to comfort those who have lost members of their families, and contribute money to set up schools for handicapped children and orphanages. This is a great help to the country, for it is for humanity through humanity.
The cadets are not paid anything, for it is voluntary work.
So much has been said about how the organisation helps people. But it is also known that the organisation not only helps people but also animals. It is very much known that animals do not think as we think. We know our needs and the needs of the animals. We know how we can help the animals when they are in trouble. Most animals do not really know how to look after their young ones. So it is the duty of the human beings to help at this. When most animals are injured, they don't have any proper cure of their injuries. A member of St. John Ambulance Association will naturally take care of that animal. This is being kind to all animals.
On the whole, working for humanity does not require any payment or reward on earth. The body of St. John has spread throughout the world without any cost at all. It is a voluntary service and in spite of this, many people belong to the organisation. Very important of all, members of this organisation give out some of their blood to help other people who are lacking some.
28
Lastly, the watchword of a St. John Ambulance Association member remains firm:
To serve God.
To be loyal to the President and to my Officers.
To observe the mottoes of the Order, which are: "Pro Fide," for Faith, and "Pro Utilitate Hominum," for Service of Mankind.
To be thorough in work and play.
To be truthful and just in all things.
To be cheerful and prompt in all Ido.
To help the suffering and needy.
To be kind to all animals. Beatrice N. Munyasi. Nurse Instructor, Lugulu. St. John Ambulance Association.
§ HAVE YOU REMEMBERED TO § RENEW YOUR "REVIEW" § SUBSCRIPTION? §
WHY NOT PAY BY BANKERS ORDER?
ACROSS
1. Shock due to foreign protein finally becoming milky.
9. Air in the tissues, possibly complication of fractured rib.
10. Secretion from trees concerning immorality.
11. Requisites for a row.
12. A style produced by fungus cells.
13. One on the solar plexus may cause fainting and collapse.
16. Pain of peptic ulcer relieved by food.
17. Haemorrhage concealed initially.
18. Iron-containing part of haemoglobin gives main heat.
21. Little brother Kenneth de cribing fracture?
24. Willingly re-organised life.
25. Part of ilium, ischium, tibia and scapula.
26. Nut producing temporary impairment of consciousness.
29. A pint may be quite unsuitable.
30. Hardening of arteries resulting in liability to spontaneous rupture.
31. Breathing characterised by alternating periods of hypernoea and apnoea.
DOWN
1. Analgesic one might use in Pari.
2. Nitric inhaled to produce vasodilation.
3. Lost deed after he took notice.
4. Interchange of information and intentions.
5. Pickle a remedy.
6. Hormone important in regulation of blood sugar.
7. Vitamin "A" deficiency of those without tears?
8. '" But certainly not a sign in eye condition suffered by antarctic exposure.
14. Calculus for the surgeon, not the mathematician.
15. Vital organ of which ear is part.
19. Collyrium for politician's speech?
20. Deadlock in which a little devil and stupid fellow take a point.
22. Possible result of deficient secretion of 6 down.
23. Adornment for a lower limb.
27. Remain for support.
28. Not a journey one would make by car.
BIGGER & BETTER RETURNS Raising Funds
THE LESWYN WAY
New ranges of Christmas and Birthday Card Packs, Stationery, Gift Items and Decorations-all of the high standard of quality for which LESWYN are noted: all tip-top value.
No delay, your orders despatched the same day. Write for a free copy of the Christmas colour catalogue.
The use of any particular appliance, equipment, medicament or preparation advertised in the "Review" is not necessarily endorsed for first aid purposes.
To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John, 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1.
Please supply/renew* St. John Review commencing with the ..................... issue I enclose 17/- for 1 year Cheques/ etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John.
ST. JOHN HOUSE i
50 EATON PLACE, LONDON S.W.! -
Just the place for all St. John members to stay and i
PRE-EDUCATION FOR NURSING CADETS-
Continued from page 18
We feel that this block release scheme offers the best of both worlds. Educationally, the college is able to provide a fuller , wider range of subjects and can make use of its facilities and lecturers to better advantage.
Practically, in hospital , the cadets do not have to suffer long periods of repetitive boring activities which could possibly induce them to leave and se e k employment elsewhere
This scheme started in September 1968 and we hope that it will fulfil the promise that we believe it has in s tore for us
LAYOUT OF BLOCK RELEASE COURSE
First-year Second-year In hospitaL Second-year Return to In hospitaL from block period block during block hospital to recruitment of study in in college college in college await to college four weeks summer 14
ADVERTISEMENTSCLASSIFIED
ADVERTISING AGENTS
T. G. Scott & Son Ltd., 1, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.C.2. (Tel.: 01-242 6264)
Classified Rates:
Semi-display, £3 10s. s.c.i. (minimum £1 10s.)
Non-Trade, 9d. per word (minimum 10s.)
Trade, 1s. per word (minimum 15s.)
Box No. 2s. 6d. extra.
Page size (Trimmed): 9tH x 7*"
Screen: Text pages 100
Copy date: 1 st of the month preceding publication.
Publication: 27th of month preceding cover date.
Agency commission: 10%.
FOR SALE
SJ.A.B. Badge Wall Shields, 35s. 6d.; SJ A.B. Gold Cased Crested Cuff Links, 63s. Medal ribbons Is. 6d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform, 2s. each ribbon mounted on pin brooch; Regulation medals mounted 3s. 6d. per medal on brooch. Miniatures quoted for. - MONTAGUE JEFFERY, Outfitter, St. Giles Street. Northampton. (4)
BALL-PENS , Diaries , Note Pads , Keys , Fobs, Pencils, etc , Gold-stamped Brigade name or Personal names raise funds quickly-easily Details- Northern Novelties, Bradford, 2. (22)
ORGANISERS OF BAZAARS AND FUNDS We welcome both personal bu yers and mail orders for our extensive range of to ys, stationery and Chr is tma s Card s at wholesale prices. Send for price li s ts. ALSO pre-selected parcel s : 144 6d. To ys OR 72 I s To ys OR 38 I s. lId. To ys OR Selection Stationery OR Selection Chri s tm as Ca r ds Each Parcel 54s , plu s 4s. 6d po s tage. Two or more parcel s, 6s po s tage - J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffiey) Ltd ., 2a , Hand sworth Road London , N 17 (18)
SUPPORT STOCKINGS
Comfort and relief for all leg troubles. Sheer and fashionable appearance. Perfect goods at amazing low prices. See October, Novembe r , or December issues for details , or write: Cilla Jane Hosiery Co. Ltd., 53-55, London Road, Cowplain, Portsmouth , Hants. Requests f or literature a nd quantity discounts welcomed (16)
and orders with cash should be directed to: STORES DEPT" THE ORDER OF ST.
PENS FOR FUND RAISING. "-We supply die-stamped ball pens with your Brigade name. etc at competitive wholesale rates. - THOMPSON & CREIGHTON, 202 , Heaton Road , Newcastle-upon -T yne , 6. (24) 3 1
CLASSIFIED ADS Continued
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.1
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates accepted at the age of 17 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students , Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped School of Nursing. Success ful candidates, on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice. Comfortable Nur ses Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert Hall , Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tenni s Court. Active Social Club.
Applications in writing to the Matron. (8)
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.1
Vacancies exist for State Enrolled Nurses to enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing. Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing.
Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board.
Opportunities for promotion and practical responsibility in the specialist field of nursing.
Apply to Miss M. B. MacKellar, Matron. (26)
BETHNAL GREEN HOSPITAL, Cambridge Heath Road, London E.2 (308 beds) . General Training School - Vacancies for students aged 18 years and over for 3-year training with good basic education. Cadet Nursing Scheme in operation. Age 16-18 years. Apply Matron (31)
Twenty sets (one team and two individual) of each of the National First Aid Final Competitions for 1969 will be available.
The complete set, dispatched in December 1969, costs £2 lOs.
Individual sets, dispatched immediately after a competition, cost £3 (20 sets in all).
PLEASE INFORM COMPETITION SECRETARY AS SOON AS POSSmLE AS SUPPLIES ARE LIMITED
A few single sets at 3s. may be available for specific competitions-again-early orders, please. Enquiries to: Competition Secretary, St. John Ambulance, 1, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1. Tel.: 01-235 5231. 32
THE EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN TRUST IS THE MEMORIAL TO A GREAT WOMAN
The proceeds of the sale of this book goes to a fund which supports St. John, the nursing profession and children all over the world.
In February 1960 we were stunned by the news of her death. In 1969 we can remember her by contributing to the interests for which she gave her life.
EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN
HER LIFE IN PICTURES
Compiled and Edited by Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock
Superintendent-in-Chief, st. John Ambulance Brigade
7s. 6d. each
7s. each orders for ten or over (postage extra in each case)
of First Aid Manuals, or any teaching book relating to courses organised by
John Ambulance. Teaching aids generally include First Aid
Loops. Uniforms for the St. John Ambulance Brigade, including Badges and Insign ia. All Fi rst Aid Materials
kits, etc.
FUND RAISING
COMMERCIAL UNION ASSURANCE
THE ST. JOHN REVIEW
BLACK (or is it in the RED?)
Please give up something, but NOT your subscription to the REVIEW when it goes up to 23s. per annum on September 1, 1969. Existing SUbscriptions stay the same until renewal date.
CONTENTS
I-V°OKIN-ol I
A friend of mine takes great pleasure in the. saY,i,ng that "generally speaking women are g.enerally speaking. I have a feeling that this is aimed particularly at but would like to add that I talk too much but hate .speakln g . .
In the September issue I hope to publish a very
. 1 b A/S /O (Western Area London Distnct) artlc e y 'k' " Mrs Lafferty on "Unaccustomed as I am to spe.a mg in w'hich she refers to a lady who went to sleep In the back row-my worst experience was when someone went to sleep in the front row before I had even uttered a word.
On one occasion I was asked to talk to a group of the Women's Association, Gas Industry, St. John. I could not think of a sentence to start but on wax
I saw a slogan: " Do not despair, there IS the nver. Perhaps not very appropriate to the but. at leasi made the audience laugh and mforma atmosphere-and they did not throw me m the fiver.
Recently I had the pleasure of meeting. some of the S eons Nursing Officers and Members m Essex. The 'was an extremely day on Health-I was the light rehef-subJect. producmg. t e "Review"-not a humorous at b.est of H ever armed with copy, bent , s 'age proofs and the finished article, haVing blmded fhe with science, I asked why so many dand trained Nurses subscribed. to the magazlOe. \X;'as It a uty or did they find it interesting. Dr. ASSistant County Surgeon, said that he took It as a duty but now found it interesting. Judging by the of assent fr<;lm the floor this seemed to be the average view. For which encouragement and support, many grateful thanks.
Having blown my own trumpet-now c.omes the Please don't let the 6d. per month the subSCription starting in September cause you to discontinue your support.
COLD COMFORT
The increase to 23s. per annum, including postage, applies only to renewals due quarterlies) onwards, so subscflptlOns stand until the next renewal date.
TIME TO SMILE
On page 31 there are some jokes and tongue tWisters for which I am indebted to the Billingham Ambulance Cadet Division. "
The following are stolen from "The Call of St. John.
"No one is entirely useless--even worst of us can serve as a horrible example to others.
The world is divided into people who do thlOgS those who get the credit. Try, i! 'you can, to belong to t e former, there is far less competitIon.
TRUE, BROTHER, TRUE
"True friendship is like sound health-the value of It IS seldom known until it be lost." C. e. COLTON.
SALUTE TO THE BRAVE AND THE SKILLED
During the last nine month , Service Certificates and Letters of CommendatIOn have been awarded to the following: D
A/ M. W. E. Holmes, Stanton Derbyshire, for his prompt and ac.tlon In treatmg casualties involved in a road accident. SIX people were injured some of them severely.
D / S.'K. Walker, T / O. J. A/ M. L. Polkinghorne Highbridge Ambulance DIVISIon, Somerset, who were to transport a woman who had suffered a attack. On the way to the hosl?ital she stopped breathmg and the crew successfully appIJed resu scitation external cardiac massage and admlDlstered oxygen.
D / O.'G. Blondel, S / O. R. H. Herve and A/ M. T. Guernsey Ambulance Division . Mr. Blondel received .hls award for five cliff rescues in 1968. Mr. Herve for gettl?g a man and girl to safety after they were trappe? on a cliff, and Mr. Reynolds for organising and completing another cliff rescue.
CjS / O. W. L. Nottingham, Cadet Cpl. qeof'!'rey Godfrey, London Dlstnct and AIM. A: D. DaVIS, Blrmmgham. Mr. Ashmore successfully resuscitated a difficult circumstances after It had been CjCpl. Godfrey, Lower Sydenham A / C /D. , for hi S in rescuing an elderly D1ght-watchman a gas cylmder exploded in his canvas hut. A / M. DaVIS for hl.s a!tempts to save the life of another ?f the BlrmIDgham Building Department Ambulance DIVISion.
Cpl. C. Burden and A/ M. B. Field, Eastbourne Ambulance Division, Sussex. They answered an emergency call a woman who was having a baby. On the way to hospital she gave birth to a son which was succe sfully delivered by Messrs. Burden and Field- report adds that mother and
son were making excellent progress. ., .. N / O. Mrs. Betty Angus, Reading South DIVISion, Berkshire, for applying successful resuscitatIOn to an epileptic case who had stopped breathlDg.
A/ S / O. Mrs. D. M. Harrold and Ambulance Cadet Harrold Sprowston Ale. Division, Norfolk, for glvmg first aid to a boy who was suffering from a fractured femur, tibia and a compressed fracture of the skull and bleeding from ears, mouth and nose.
AIM. T. Graham, Sheffield Ambulance DIVISion, Yorkshire. He gave successful resuscitation to t>yo chLldren who had been overcome by fumes from a defective paraffin heater. . h C b ' d
Ambulance Cadet Andrew Dewart, West om me Cadet Division, Norfolk, who treated a boy With a fractured tibia and fibula and suffering from shock.
A/ S / O. Mrs. I. C. Bearon, Eastern Area, Cheslllfe, for successful resuscitation of a nlDe-month-old baby
A BUSY DAY
Members of the Brigade who covered the OXFAM sponsored walk last month were certainly kept on "trot." Some 40,000 people took part in the event of whIch about 10,000 needed treatment.
IS THIS A RECORD?
Mr. Alfred Knight, Wisbech, Cambridgeshire,. has been a member of the Brigade for 66 He from service with British Rail in order to Vi.Slt two of eleven children in Canada. This looks as If. Mr. Kntght may qualify for two records in St. John- serVice and domestic.
Sussex-Hastings New H.Q. Lt.-General Sir William Pike, Director-General, St. John Ambulance,. opened the new S.J.A.B. Hastings H.Q. last month It IS of a £80000 project which will include a fire poltce.H:Q and' municipal offices. Sir William descnbed the buddlOg (the first of the group to be completed) as superb and that the whole concept was a example .of and co-operation between offiCial a?9 non-offiCial bodies.
Yorkshire-W.R. Eighteen DIVISions .of th.e Area took part in a parade last month which cOlDclded Wit f thelCentenary Celebrations of the County Borough 0
Barn s ley. In hi address Sir William J. Taylor (Commancler, West Riding), complimented them on their excellent turnout and paid tribute to Area Commissioner Lt.-Col. Charles Bernard Ball, who retired on St. John's Day, for his untiring service to St. John for over forty years Worsbrough Nursing Division were presented with their Jubilee Certificate.
Dr. Eric Fear, Chief Medical Officer, North-Eastern Gas Board, has been appointed County Director, S.J.A.A. He is a Serving Brother of the Order of St. John and has been associated with St. John for many years.
PLEASE NOTE
King George VI Leadership Training Course, Westcliff-onSea, December 5-7, 1969.
Presidents and Vice-Presidents' Conference, Royal College of Surgeons, Lincolns Inn Fields, W C.2, October] 5, ] 969
Make sure your President and Vice-President know about it. It is a very stimulating occasion, not to mention excellent refreshments.
Essex-Special Service Shields. Miss Arlita Savage, Chelmsford and Gillian Goring, Melbourne Nursing Cadet Divisions-congratulations.
I see the county is running a photographic competition and hope that the organisers will send in the winning entries-please put in sufficient packing to avoid damage to prints. This goes for all pictures sent through the post.- Ed. Hampshire-Bonhomie United Charity Society gave away their 50th Minibus to the Southampton Society for the Blind in June. The Society 'S effort have virtually banished the word "house-bound " from the vocabulary of a great many old and handicapped people.
Of the 50 vehicles, 12 are in use for old people, 13 for the handicapped, 8 to children's organisations and 17 for the joint use of St. John and Red Cross. Mrs. "Mac" McGregor, St. John's Central Area, Transport Division, Chandler's Ford, has driven Minibus No. 33 over 7,000 miles, clocking up 800 hours. In recognition of her work, Dr. King, President of Southampton Society for the Blind, presented her with a brooch on behalf of the Society 'S Chandler's Ford, Eastleigh and Southampton Club.
MAKING THE GRADE
Up to the week ending July 11, 1969, 107,329 certificates were gained in First Aid, Nursing, Child Care and other Association subjects. The weekly average is over 3,500 . When delays occur, these are due to errors on the Report Sheets. It i frustrating for everyone- at both ends-for awards (for which all have worked so hard) not to come through quickly. So, Class Secretaries (overworked and voluntary), plea e read the small print. The Editor spends quite a time running off wrappers and doing other "Review" chores at H.Q. and can give an unbiased opinion that the small staff works to capacity, but none of us have crystal balls. Perhaps Stores Department will start stocking themvery useful.
EDITOR'S
USUAL NIGGLE
Please, Please, Please. No more "Annie" demonstration pictures. This is, of course, unless there is an end product. Ditto for Dedication of Ambulances. It is very gratifying to know that, through the hard work of members and the generosity of the many organisations which support St. John, our fleets of vehicles are replaced and augmented- but put yourself in the Editor's place-how do you choose which one of ten to (a) mention; (b) publish a picture? It is indeed a way of saying thank you for a valuable gift, but does need a little more- history of the County/ Division- something to make it different and therefore interesting to the other 23,000 readers.
London District- "Surbiton Ambulance Division Gazette."
The Editor, Mr. H. E. King, makes a very interesting comment in their current edition: "Most of us have faced danger in one form or another some of us have found ourselves in 'dodgy' situations Is it easier to face-up-to-it as a group as opposed to being alone?" Perhaps readers 3
who have been in tight corners would care to give their views. It is encouraging to read in so many of the Divisional publications the accent on humour- perhaps we are not taking ourselves as seriously as in the past. Serious business is keeping up with training and efficiency without being boot-faced about it. Suffolk- Is this a record? The Mayor of Aldeburgh, Councillor C. H. Sylvester, member (and Hon. Treasurer) of the Aldeburgh Combined Division, is Mayor for 1969/ 70. It is the second time that a member of the Brigade has held this position. D IS A. H. Kemp was Mayor for 1957/ 58. Recently the Brshop of St. Edmundsbury and Ipswich, Dr. Leslie Brown, a Prelate of the Order, dedicated an ambulance which was generously donated by Egerton 's (Ipswich) Ltd.
A PLEASURE
The Editor would like to thank readers, contributors, editors of newspapers and journals, our printers and blockmakers- and many others for their support, encouragement and "free" services over difficult periods- also the faithful few advertisers.
In passing. I have a cat which , in human terms, is 126 years old. During the winter he was ill-sick unto death. A combination of Complan and raw egg diet helped him to turn the corner and has made him into (to use a popular advertising phrase) a 'Kitten Cat. "
WELCOME
It is with pleasure that we hear of two new P.R.O.s (Hon.) appointments, Staff Officer J. E. Aklen, Northern Area, Wiltshire and Mr. Alex Stevenson, Editor, "Somerset County Gazette, " as P.R..O., Somerset. The Editor would like to take this opportunity to thank the "retiring" P.R.O., Mrs. Dorothy Bingham-Hall, for her unfailing help and support. It is very much hoped that, with her new-found leisure,shewill become a regular contributor to the "Review."
PROGRAMME PLANNING
The November issue will carry the results of the Film Appraisal Committee's comments on training films. In the meantime, the Board (not from a First Aid point of view) approves the showing of "A New Concept in Elastic Bandaging," running time 15 minutes, as a general interest item Details from Brian Middleton , Medical Products, 3M Company, Wigmore Street, London, W l.
NO ACCOUNTING FOR TASTE
Interesting to read that background music therapy is proving 0 successful in an experiment carried out in a Bristol Mental Hospital. According to the Chief Nursing Officer there, there has been a dramatic reduction in damage to clothing and fitting since the introduction of continuous background music. In addition the amount of drugs administered (sedatives) has been reduced. While rejoicing at any improvement and help available to these unfortunate ufferers, it is possible that others would end up in the wards as a result of constant "ear-ba hjng" by transistors.
RETIRING MEMBERS
From time-to-time, subscribers write in to say that they mu t give up their subscription to the " Review " as they are on the retired list (both Brigade and employment). Most express regret as they have been readers for years. Why not ask your retiring members if they would like to be given a subscription to the magazine foc a year a part of their parting gift- some have been delighted at the thought.
Any queries regarding press notices, exhibition material, except when relating to the REVIEW, should be addressed to: H.Q., 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London S.W.1
LIEUT.-GENERAL SIR WILLIAM PIKE, K.C.B., C.B.E., D.S.O., Director-General, St John Ambulance, talking to the Guard of Honour on the steps of St. Paul's Cathedral on St. John's Day.
The following is an extract from the Sermon preached by the Archbishop of York, the Prelate ()f the Order of St. John, at the Annual Commemoration and Rededication Service in St. Paul's Cathedral.
"There are two kinds of rebels. There is the negative kind represented by the criminals crucified on either side of Jesus. They had been a social menace; so far from helping to make society a better and a lovelier thing, they had kicked over the traces, and broken down law and order. And society, according to the rough method of the day, had meted out punishment and put them to death.
"Their opposite numbers today, I suppose, are those who, after a football match, rip up railway carriages or throw stones at passing trains; or the drug pedlars who murder people, soul and body, to get rich quick; the people who drive fast cars while they have got too much drink in them, leaving women without husbands and children without fathers. These are the negative rebels, and they must not be surprised if society, in order to maintain a measure of order, brings them to book. there is another kind of rebel. They are the positive type. They see, with a kind of blinding clarity, the evils which deface our world. They loathe war, and poverty, and illiteracy, and the -uisease of mind and body which these things bring -in their train. They are not over-careful about their '-own conditions, nor their own rights, nor even, if It comes to a point, about their own pay. They 'care desperately that they themselves shall make 4
some po sitive contribution to the so luti on of the ills which fle sh is heir to. But they are perple xed as to how best that contribution can be made. Life stretches ahead. The decades will slip quickly by. How can they best invest the years?
"If I could help so mebody to see the answers to these que stio ns, I should be happy. Let me say two things:
"1. Nothing less than a world-view will do. We live on a little island. Too easily we can become insular in outlook. We are fre e-we can write and speak as we will. But across the water, in parts of Europe, there is no such freedom. We are comfortable-everything is laid on for us by a Welfare State which cares for us from womb to tomb But across the seas, there are countries where people die on the st reet without doctor or nurse, where children grow up with rickets and pot-bellies, where adults by the million cannot read or write. If you want an easy life, forget them. Pull down the shutters of your mind. Pull up the blankets round your ears and go to sleep. But if you want to LIVE, think about these things, and negatively, but positively.
"Ask whether your life should be invested abroad rather than at home; whether your call may be to service overseas for life or for a spell of years; whether you could make your contribution through Voluntary Service Overseas; or whether one of the voluntary organisations, such as our own, may not be in need of your help. I speak especially to the young. Too often these organisations are manned
by the middle-aged, the people who have already heavy loads of responsibility and work. They need a tran sf usion of new life from younger people. Do not stand on the side lines and criticize. Jump in. Throw in your lot and get others to do the same.
" One of the many good things abo ut our own Ord er is its international character. For example, we have with us today a member of the Brigade in Canada which is celebrating it sixtieth anniversary, and right glad we are to welcome him and to congrat ul ate them.
"That is the first thing-a world view.
"II. The second thing is this: R emember J esus Christ.
"This Ord er of ours is a Christian Order. Of that we can be glad and proud. This is no mere formality. Any fool can be a nominal Christian- that is as easy as falling off a log. But to be a real , committed disciple of Jesus Chri t is a very different-and a very difficult- matter. It calls for a great deal more than attendance once a year at a great service at St. Paul's. Discipleship of Jesus involves encounter-enco unter , first, with Him as a living Lord who makes demands on us and offers st rength to us; and encounter, secondly, with
ot her s in need, men and women to whom we go o ut in love and service for Christ's sa ke.
"At the beginning of His public ministry , Je sus saw two pairs of young brothers He had known them during the years when they had grown up together. They had fished and played and sw um in the lake as a group. Now He called them'Fo ll ow Me.' And follow Him they did. Heard Him teach. Watched Him heal. Saw Him rebel die ri se. And then, before He left them, He said: :Y go, preach the Gospel, heal the sick, continue My work. And n ot a day will pass when I will not be with you.' That was good enough. They found He kept His word.
"He always does. I know that, because I have proved Him. Many here today could bear their witness too. The work is hard. The battle is grim. The forces against us seem at times almost overwhelmingly strong. But there is never a day when He is not with us. And that for us is good enough, as it was for the first friends of Jesus.
"There, then, is my message to our Order today and very specially to the younger members of this congregation. Wanted, positive rebel s! remember Jesus Christ. Remember a world in need. And spend yo ur life, your strength, your money, yo ur talents, in linking the two." •••
THE PRIOR FO R SCOTLAND SIR MALCOLM BARCLAY-HARVEY OF DENNET, assisted by the CHANCELLO R and MR. A. GARDNER WILLIAMS Prior of South Africa, conducted an Investiture after the ' St . John's Day celebrations ill Glasgow. Picture shows: Mr. Matthew Taylor being invested as a Commander Brother. Mr. Taylor is a member of the Glasgow Committee of the Priory and of the Association Executive Committee. It is interesting that the Order's procession started from one of the oldest houses ill Glasgow (built in 1471), Provand 's Lordship, in which Mary, Queen of Scots lived in 1566.
Glasgow Her ald
CHEST INJURIES
(A review of the subject in Modern First Aid Text Books)
By DENNIS CLARK, M.B.E., F.R.C.S., Area Commissioner, Northern Area
A,,,WAY • 'Pal'lnt
Diagram depicting the results of injury (right) compared with the normal (left)
Until three or four years ago, First Aiders of St. John had been brought up to consider chest injuries in terms of simple or complicated fractured ribs and possibly a sucking wound of the chest. The terms were easy. A simple fracture was one with local pain caused by direct or indirect violence to the chest and a complicated fracture was one with lung injury, when blood would be coughed up, or with liver or spleen injury, when the signs of internal haemorrhage would be found. Even a s LIcking wound of the chest was simply managed in the nineteenth impression of the first edition of "First Aid." At that time the arguments went to and fro on the merits of the order of application of the two broad bandages across the chest in an uncomplicated rib fracture. In the eighteenth impression of "First Aid" the upper bandage was advised to be applied first and in the nineteenth the lower. Little did one expect that within two years all text books would accept the comment of the Canadian "Fundamentals of First Aid" that "There is no effective means of First Aid sp linting for this injury."
Supportive treatment only is now the order of the day. The second edition of "First Aid" and "The Essentials of First Aid" favour an arm sling, and is followed by "The Anatomy of First Aid" the ABC Television Handbook. "Fundamenta ls" suggests a stretcher and the "New Essential First Aid" (Gardner and Roylance, Pan Book No. X646) is concerned with postural support. The two latter include complicated fractures, penetrating wounds and crush injuries in their consideration of treatment though neither explain the special severity of crush injuries.
Complicated fractures of the ribs are described simply and adequately in almost all text books though it seems strange that in the two new Association book s the bloodstained sputum on which the first aid diagnosis of lung complication rests is not mentioned except in connection with penetrating wounds of the chest. These wounds are not necessarily associated with fractured ribs though they may be and it should be realised that itis only a matter of editorial convenience if this subject is included both under the headings of "Fractures" and " Wound s." All text books emphasise the danger of penetrating wounds and the urgent need to seal the hole, particularly in the case where air can be heard to suck in and out of the wound. They vary in the means used to Gloit, but the s ubject is well covered in "T he Essentials of First Aid."
Consideration of stove-in chest is an introduction into both the second edition of "First Aid" and "The Essen6
AIRWI"IY - 06,t'IVctecl.
COMMANDERY OF ARDS Disaster
ORMEAU AND CLOONEY AMBULANCE AND NURSING DIVISIONS WITH LONDONDERRY TRANSPORT DIVISION EXERCISE
MEMBERS OF THE BRIGADE/I'om these Divisions staged an exercise on the hillside above Ballysillan which involved the rescue and evacuation of casualties following an explosion in a quarry. Picture sholVs: Ambulance members carrying a casualty down the hillside in a Neil Robertson stretcher.
tials of First Aid" and in the latter is considered twice. Both recognise the importance of damage to the chest wall as a support and airtight container for the lungs This most important point was ignored altogether by the Canadian "Fundamentals of First Aid," yet Proctor and London in their book "Principles of First Aid" (written for doctors but a first class reference book for fir t aiders) state: "Among outstanding effects of injury are severe external bleeding and embarrassment of respiration by obstruction of the airway or DAMAGE TO THE CHEST (our capitals). Both can kill rapidly and both are usually responsive to First Aid." If we agree, then an attempt must be made to understand what is entailed in the loss of the support and rigidity of the chest wall. Luckily this is not difficult for first aiders who know that the lungs are elastic and will collapse if removed from the chest and who realise that the so-called pleural space does not normally exist as a space but that the pleural surfaces of lung and chest slide on each other like two polished and matching pieces of metal with a drop of oil between them. If air or blood or both are introduced between the pleural surfaces through a wound or from an injured lung: or if the ribs of the chest wall are broken in several places so that parts of them become loose then the lungs will partially collapse regardless of whether they are punctured or not. In the latter case the chest wall will sink like a dent on an egg that has been tapped with a spoon and the rigidity which allows expansion on taking a breath, will have been lost. In fact the effort of respiration will depend on the diaphragm moving downwards as breath is taken in and thus the injured part of the chest wall will be sucked in and not expanded as in normal breathing. This is the "paradoxical breathing " of the stove-in chest.
Both our text books recognise that this form of chest injury is becoming more common and mention the steering wheel as the cause. Both books list the distress and difficulty in breathing, blueness and chest damage, but Proctor and London enlarge on these symptoms. Obstructe? breathing is put first and a distinction made between thiS and " Respiratory distress," a str uggle to breathe, not necessarily due to obstruction. They add the important coughing up blood and explain cyanosis. The local chest wall signs are included under the heading "asymmetry of the wall," the result of penetrating wounds and movement. Paradoxical breathing must be looked for 10 all
(Continued on facing page)
Belfast Telegraph
drivers of crashed vehicles. It can be seen or felt through thin clothing and clothes should not be removed to discover it.
The first measure of treatment suggested by Proctor and London is the immediate relief of obstructed breathing but at times this is difficult to recognise or treat because the obstruction is not in the throat but usually in the lungs, the lower end of the breathing tract. Free bleeding from the lungs is likely and may continue. The unconscious patient n:ust be put in three-quarter prone po ition on his injured Side to allow blood to flow from the mouth The conscious patient may be so distressed that his anxiousness and restlessness can reach the point of aggression. In such cases a recumbent position will not be tolerated and the most comfortable position will have to be adopted. Often this is a semi-sitting position well supported. Whenever possible the patient should be helped to cough and clear the lungs but this depends on the control of the paradoxical breathing. Proctor and London point out that paradoxical movement can be simply stopped by hand pressure on the broken part of the chest. Only enough pressure must be made to stop the movement even though the chest seems to sink in a long way, an alarming subsidence of the chest wall. The sign of success is the relief of the patient's breathing. Then a pad can be fixed with bandages to maintain the pressure or the patient's own forearm may be used as suggested in the two Association text books, though there may be such distress that this is impossible. Then rapid transport is required to hospital with unrelenting vigilance and assistance from the ambulance attendant.
If a patient with a stove-in chest or penetrating wound of the chest arrive5 under hospital care with no increase in shock or greater distress then his life may well be saved.
Those First Aiders who have given attention in such a case may be happy in the knowledge that they have not only to control one of those injuries 010 t dangerous to but also most dependent for success on the quality of FIrst Aid administered.
We acknowledge the courtesy of the Editor of the St. John Council for "Somerset Year Book ," who has made arrangements with the contributor for the reproduction of this article from the 1968 editioll.
CHEST AND HEART ASSOCIATION Educational Conferences
(1) Friday, October 10, ]969 Morning and Afternoon. THE CHESTY CHILD
The Castle, Belfast, Northern Ireland (2) Tuesday, November 4, 1969
£1 5s.0d. Including lunch and tea. Afternoon only. "STROKE" CONFERENCE
The Dental Hospital Tower, £1 1 Od. Dundee, Scotland Including tea. (3) Thursday, November 20, 1969 Morning & Afternoon.
CHEST AND HEART CONDITIONS IN LATER LIFE
The Livery Hall, Guildhall, London
(4) April 12-18, 1970
Fee not yet settled. Seven days.
CHEST AND HEART HEALTH WEEK Lecture, Exhibitions, Demonstration. Gla gow, Scotland Fee not yet settled.
For further details apply to:
The Chest and Heart Association, Tavi tock House North, Tavi tock Square, London, W.C.l. Telephone: 01-387 3012.
Florence Nightingale's Influence on Nursing Today
B.M.A Prizewinning Essay 1968, Category II
By MONICA E. BALY, S.R.N., R.F.N., S.C.M., H. V.Cert., Rcn Western Area Organiser
secure intelligent women who would act as skilled auxiliaries to the doctors and who would be capable of handling, supervising and reporting accurately on the patients under their care. To attain this objective she knew she must select carefully and train rigorously.
The money donated by a grateful public in recognition of her services in the Crimea gave her the opportunity to put into practice her carefully thought out experiment.
training and who received free maintenance, uniform and a £10 allowance, and the other, a one-year training , for "lady probationers," who paid for their training.
T he Greatest Victorian
Mrs. Cecil Woodham Smith described Miss Nightingale as "The Greatest Victorian of them aU"!; as there are so many eminent Victorians it is a large claim, but it is difficult to fault. Florence Nightingale was a legend in her own day, but no miasma of sentimentality nor subsequent reaction of antimyth can destroy the solid facts of her achievements; they were Herculean.
For the best part of 50 years she laboured unremittingly "for the sake of the work," using every weapon she had to achieve her purpose, and her weapons were many: a first-class intellect, a passion for statistics, influence in high places, royal patronage, charm, a talent for the incisive aphorism, and above all the imagination to see what needed to be done. In the debacle of the Crimean War her achievements shine like a beacon, but it was not in nursing alone that she effected reform; the hygiene of barracks, the diet of the army, recreational facilities for soldiers, military clothing, the files of the India Office, all came under her scrutiny and were the subject of her pungent reports.
She said she had "lived through Hell" and her life's work was to see that such preventable suffering did not bappen again; she knew that every day reform was delayed people were dying unnecessarily.
Although Miss Nightingale was the prime mover, and in some cases the sole architect of many reforms in the second part of the 19th century, they can all be seen against this background: the desire to prevent suffering. In reforming nursing it is for this reason her efforts were bent not only to the hospital but to prevention of ill-health in the community.
After her return from the Crimea, Miss Nightingale set her hand to two major reforms, The Health, Efficiency and Hospital Administration in the British Army, and a reform of hospital nursing. In spite of opposition, frustration and dark despair, in both she triumphed, and both had far-reaching effects. It is debatable who owes most to Miss Nightingale: the British Army or Nursing
Reform of Nursing
Although Miss Nightingale's reforms eventually covered hospitals, Poor Law Institutions, midwifery and nursing in the community, her most spectacular reform was in hospital nursing. In this she laid the foundations of modern nursing and gave this country and many others a system that has stood the test of a century.
The background to her reforms was her own practical experience in the Crimea where her efforts to provide a nursing service with the available material had been so nearly wrecked by the disputes of the religious orders and the ignorance and indiscipline of some of the hospital nurses. She had learnt in the hard school the need for a corps of intelligent and trained women who had, as their first duty, the care of the sick and not the proselytising for a particular creed.
The second half of the century was ripe for reform; evangelical and liberal thought was changing the public attitude to poverty and disease, medical knowledge was advancing and the voluntary hospitals had been expanding for over 100 years. At the same time intelligent women were beginning to rebel against the Victorian straitjacket of enforced feminine uselessness.
Miss Nightingale's objective was to 8
It was not, however, an experiment that had universal approbation; there was opposition on all sides, particularly from the doctors. Mr. South, the senior consultant surgeon at St. Thomas's, where the experiment was to take place, wrote that they were "not at all disposed to allow that the nursing establishments of our hospitals are inefficient or that they are likely to be improved by any special institution for nursing." He argued that nurses were subordinates "in the position of housemaids."2
Because of this atmosphere of hostility it was essential that the first probationers should be above suspicion; the whole enterprise depended on them. They must be "the incarnate denial that a hospital nurse needed to be drunken and promiscuous." 3 The scheme must therefore allay hostility and gain public acceptance. The discipline of the first Nightingale school was not discipline for discipline's sake; it was there to secure approval for the system. The triad of the plan was training of the character, the acquisition of skill and knowledge, and nursing administration in the hands of nurses - a triad which even the most radical reformers would not wish to deny 100 years later.
To achieve these objectives, carefully selected pupils of good education and moral standing did a year's training in the Nightingale School, living in a "home" supervised by a home sister. The "nurses' home" was an innovation of Miss Nightingale's devising; it reflected the cultural pattern of her own home and was designed to inculcate these values into the probationers. It also ensured strict supervision so that no breath of scandal could assail the Nightingale ladies.
Although Miss Nightingale envisaged her training as suitable for any intelligent girl of the right aptitude and character, the scheme attracted daughters of the upper class. After seven years there developed two methods of entry: one for ordinary probationers who did a two-year
It was not Miss Nightingale's intention to restrict entry to one class, but the ladies helped to supplement the finances of the Nightingale Fund, and after a while Miss Nightingale appreciated the leadership qualities they could bring to what was a missionary campaign. Eventually this system gave way to a standard twoyear training but left its mark on the profession Other hospitals with strained resource copied it whole or in part; even in the 1930s it was not uncommon for entrants to pay for their uniform and for the preliminary training school. The ability of parents to bear part of the cost had a social cachet which in turn led to a dichotomy, one of the many historical factors that has led to disunity in nursing.
The economic rewards and training patterns were set, and were to last in the main principles for a century.
Nursing Administration
Miss Nightingale was quite clear about her aims. She wrote:
"The whole reform of nursing both at home and abroad has consisted of this: to take the power over nursing out of the hands of the men and to put it into the hands of one female trained head and make her responsible for everything (regarding internal management and discipline) being carried OUt."4
Unless she achieved this objective the experiment failed. No one was more meticulous than Miss Nightingale in insistence on absolute obedience to the orders of the doctor as far as treatment was concerned. But nursing was more than just blind obedience and technical skill, it was intelligent comfort and care, trained observation and doing for the patient those things he could not do for himself
Much ink ha s been spilled on " the proper task of the nurse" but for guidance we could do than look at Notes on Nursing and other writings of Miss Nightingale; these astringent comments till have relevance even in a world of heart and lung tran plants. We might tart with: "It is the first duty of the hospital that it shall do the patient no harm."
To achieve the practice of nursing as an art it was absolutely neces ary that nurses and would-be nurses were administered by omeone who understood that art. N ur es were there to nUrse. In any event the supervision of nurses by doctor , chaplains and lay administrator in the previous half century had hardly shown commendable results.
In order to achieve this change the Nightingale School became a power for training matrons. Promising pupils were sent forth as missionaries· they had been trained to train.
was the fame of the Nightingale School that the services of its trainees were eagerly sought, although once in their new posts they were not always so eagerly welcomed. Many were the battles that ensued between the old and the new. The new Nightingales set about their reforming with a zeal worthy of Miss Nightingale herself; in spite of setbacks, invariably at the end of the day they triumphed. The new matrons had carved themselves an empire.
Reforms in Poor Law Institutions
Although nursing reform in the voluntary hospitals was the most spectacular, the reforms in the Poor Law Institutions were perhaps more farreaching. The need was more desperate and they affected more people. In 1869 there were about 50,000 sick paupers living in institutions that were designed, not to care for the sick, but to implement the less eligibility test. Care, if any, was in the hands of pauper nurses.
Louisa Twining had already exposed the evils in the London workhouses, and William Rathbone, a Liverpool philanthropist, enlisted Miss Nightingale's help in starting a nursing service in the institution at Brownlow Hill. The battle for reform in the conditions of sick paupers was even more formidable than the battle in the voluntary hospitals. At least the hospitals had a tradition of philanthropy; the workhouses were there to deter. The upper class reformers spoke the same language as the governors of hospitals; the boards of guardians did not.
Reform was long, bitter and often disappointing. Miss Nightingale never achieved complete success, but the experiment of using trained nurses at Brownlow Hill and elsewhere proved the point; eventually, in the years between the Metropolitan Poor Law Act in 1867 and the Royal Commission on Poor Laws 1909, the system of using separate infirmaries staffed with trained nurses, albeit often sparsely, became almost univer a!.
Nevertheless, although the system of training became univer al the type of entrant did not; the tradition of the Poor Law hung like a veil for many years, providing a curtain between "voluntary hospital nurse" and "municipal nurses."
District Nursing
In 1861 William Rathbone drew Mi Nightingale's attention to the need for nursing care for the poor who were ick in their own homes. He had already tried an experiment of his own, but could not pur ue it because of lack of suitable nurse. After much consideration Miss Nightingale concluded that the only hope was to train nurses specially for the purpo e. At William Rathbone's expense Liverpool Royal Infirmary started a training chool for nurses; a percentage of the trainees was reserved for the hospital and the 9
The Lamp remainder went to work on the district. It was the forerunner of other similar schemes, and, in spite of the crushing burden of the other work, Miss Nightingale always kept the threads of district training in her own hands; there was no equivocation about their duties, they were not almsgivers, they were not doctors, they were there to give trained nursing care.
In 1887 Queen Victoria decided to devote part of the Women's Jubilee Gift to the cause of nursing the poor in their own homes, and Miss Nightingale persuaded the trustees that the best way of doing this was to train nurses. Thus the Jubilee Institute for Nurses was founded, and trained nursing care in the community ran pari passu to that in the hospitals.
Health Visiting
Notes on Nursing precede the germ theory of infection, yet with an almost incredible perspicacity they fore hadow it. "Lack of proper health teaching" is the theme. Florence Nightingale said once: "I look to the day when there will be no nurses of the sick, only nurses to the well."
Prevention is the keynote to all her writings and teachings. In 1892 when she was living at Claydon with the Verneys she had a chance to put into operation a scheme she had long cherished: the idea that there hould be a corps of health missionaries to support the work of the district nurse.
With the help of Sir Harry Verney and the North Bucks Technical Education Committee , a course wa started for suitable educated women to be trained as teachers of health. These forerunner of our health visitor so establi hed themselves that by 1909 their training was governed by statute. 5 They were to form the basis for an important and unique part of British nur ing.
Miss Nightingale's Influence on Nur ing in the 20th Century
One te t of the enduring influence of the reforms effected by Mi Nightingale is to a k to what extent they have affected the development of nursing in this country and abroad. There can be ( Continued all page 25)
Miss Nightingale
OVERSEAS
KARACHI
MR. A. E. SYED, Honorary General Secretary "Vl of the St. John Ambulance Assodation Club, -Am Karachi, presenting MR. JOHN WEBB, General Manager, Order of St. John Stores Department, London, with the Annual Reports of the Association, a copy of "Sufaid Sitara"a journal of the Brigade-and an Honorary Membership card of the Association Club. Mr. Webb has just returned fro 111 an extensive overseas tour and hopes to record this and other memorable occasions in the" Review" soon. He was reunited with one of his "Annies" when Mr. Ibrahim Nagra , D / O __"""",, Division / lll-:gav'/'ctdemonstration-on the model of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
MAURITIUS
MR. LUCIEN TRANQUILLE, M.B.E., Area Superintendent, Mauritius District (le}t), witlt Divisional Surgeon, Port Louis Ambulance Division, DR. B. RAMDOWAR, M B.E. , who received their awards in H.M. The Queen's Birthday Honours this year, on the recommendation of their Prime Minister.
Mr. Tranquille is also Chief Officer of the Port Louis Fire Brigade, a Lay Lecturer in First Aid, a member of the St. John Council and has been associated with the work of St. John for 15 years.
Siva Studios
DIAMOND JUBILEE CELEBRATIONS
Members attending the Malta Jubilee Celebrations will receive a copy of the official programme on arrival in Malta.
DRESS. Members should bear in mind that uniform is heavier than civilian clothing and it would probably be more advantageous to travel in uniform. Decorations will be required for the parade, and miniatures for those attending the St. John Ball in Dinner Jacket s. 10
HOT WEATHER DRESS. Instructions will be circulated through the Commissioner, Malta District, authorising Hot Weather Dres s, as detailed in Dress Regulations. Badges of rank are not worn.
NURSING. (a) Review Order when medals are worn.
Black jacket and skirt or nur sing dress.
(b) Officers, black lightweight dress at other times, also in the evening with miniature medals for appropriate functions.
NEPAL
St. John and B.R.C.S. Service Hospitals
Welfare Department
Dharan British Military Hospital
MISS IRIS SMITH, Chief Welfare Officer, St. John and Red Cross Hospital Welfare and V.A.D. Department, FARELF, visited the British Military Hospital at Dharan, Nepal. DhQ/'an is the Recruiting Depot for the Gurkhas. In the group pictllre the other ladies in the picture are Gurkha midwives. The other picture sholl's MRS. GURUNG placing one of the garlands round Miss Smith's neck. MRS. BIRBAHADUR RAI presented her lI'i!h a Gurkha brooch.
St. John and Red Cross Service Hospitals Welfare
HONG KONG
MISS P. E. TOFT, St. John and B .R.C.S. Welfare Officer, British Military Hospital, Hong Kong, doing the hospital librar y round. The books are supplied from the St. John and Red Cross Hospital Library Department H.Q in London. Miss Toji joined !he Service in J955 and has served in Cyprus, Tripoli, B.A.O .R., !he Far Eavt as well as in th e u.K.
BRIGA D IER SI R STEWA R T DUKE-ELDER presented prizes and awards at the O rde r's Ophthalmic Hospital earlier this y ear. Throughout the years since t h e o ld hospita l was lost in 1948, it has been largely due to Sir Stewart s efforts t hat the new hospit a l was built, expanded and became the foremost op h t ha lmic hospital in the Middle East.
SIR STEWART'S RETIREMENT
It is with much regret that we learn of the resignation of the Ho spitaller, Sir Stewart DukeElder.
Throughout the 87 years of its existence, perhaps nob od y has d one mo r e for the St. John Op hthalmic H os pita l in J er u salem t han Sir Stewart. After the Old Hos p ital on the Bethlehem roa d had been lo st in 19 48, it was du e la r gely to Sir Stewart's imagination t h at th e Ord er resolve d to b uil d in Arab Jerusalem a hos p it a l which wo uld serve as a consulting ophthalmic hospital for the whole of the Middle East and to combine with it a R esearch Institute, the first duty of which would be to seek a vaccine against trachoma. Sir Stewart himself raised much of the necessary capital and for 15 years he has been in charge of an effort which has elevated the status of the Order's work in J erusalem from that of a small , though worthy, British charity to something really important in terms of world health.
More than sixty years ago the late Sir Harry Luke , Bai liff of Egle since 1961 , made a prolonged tour, much of it on horseback , through the mainland and island s round the ea s te rn end of the Mediterranean In the course of thi s he fir s t mad e a cqu a intance with the work of o ur Order when vis iting the Ophth a lmic Ho s pital ju s t out sid e the wall s of Jeru alem in February 1907 Soon after thi s he s ta yed a s a guest in one of the most magnificent of the Cru sader cas tles in Syria , Hasn-el-Akrad , formerly Crac-desChevaliers, which had been bui lt by our predecess ors the Knight s Hospitallers who set us the example of building a ho s pital in Jeru salem.
Later he had much to do with the Order s acti viti es during the years of his admini trative servi ce in Pales tine in the time of the M a ndate, fir s t a s Assi s tant Governor of Jerusalem under Sir Ronald Storrs and afterwards as Chief Secre tar y of Pales tine under Sir John Chancellor and a s Acting High Commission e r. It wa s not, however, until after he retired in 1943 that Sir Harry wa s able to engage fully in tho se diplomatic and other duties on behalf of our Order which have been of s uch outs tanding value.
1!)arr;!, of
dominium over the New Hebrides before the Vichy Government cou ld dispo se of them to Japan.
For some time after retiring Sir Harry wa s active on behalf of the Briti sh Council. He travelled far and wide in the Wes t Indies, Mexico and Central and South America and with s urpri sing indu s try collected recipes for hi s celebrated contribution to culinar y science THE TENTH MUSE and continued to write fascinating additions to his already long list of eminently readable and informative books In this admirable work he was at times sadly h a ndicapped by the loss of hi s very valuable and unusual library Thi s had been left behind in Malta when he left there to become Governor of Fiji in 1938. Unfortunately what had been considered to be perfectly safe storage vaults proved quite inadequate to protect his books when Italian and German bom bs rained down on Malta Of a ll the books so as siduously collected by him si nce the beginning of the century, o n ly about half a dozen survived.
in procession to the great Hospital which the Knights of the S.M O M. had built during their occupation of Rhodes (1310-1522). There Lord Scarbrough held a special ChapterGeneral for the Investiture in an impressively picturesque ceremony.
$20 ,000 GIFT
CHIEF-JUDGE N V BUCHANAN pr ese ntillg a red pla stic foot containing a ch equ e f or 20 ,000 to DR. ARTHUR BOASE, Warden of th e Ophtha lmic Ho spital Youn g people in Calg ary , Alberta raised it on a spon sored walk (" Foot-Po wer Pu sh" as it was kno wn) , org anise d by the Committ ee of Mil es f o r Milli ons. Mr. Bu chanan lV as a cc ompanied by Mr E. C. Emmott Exec uti ve Dir ec tor , Alb erta St J ohn Co ull cil . A lso pr ese nt were British Cons ul-G eneral Mr 1. L e lV en ; Mr s Boa se ; Matron , Miss M. H o llolVay and Mr. I. Marogi
His admini s trative career in the service of the Crown had been exceedingly varied and unu s ual. He served twice in Cypru, twice in Sierra Leone, twice in Pales tine in the Aegean in Turkey, in Georgia and in the short-lived Republics of Tran s Caucasia while they were s till hazardously independent.
As Lieut enant Governor of Malta he rescued the very ancient Maltese language from unwritten ob scurity and wa s scurrilou Iy attacked by Mu ss olini who, like Bismarck, had a " reptile pre ss" with which to express his di s p leasure at the promotion of Maltese to the rank of an official language in the i land to the detriment of Italian. He was able to take advantage of the intervals between periods of self-government in Malta to repair and preserve some of the historic architectura l treasures of the island
In the Pacific , as Governor of Fiji and High Commissioner in charge of a mu ltitude of other islands , he achieved a remarkable and more than diplomatic triumph by enabling the Free French to secure New Caledonia and the French share of the con-
In 1875 the Sovereign M ilitary Order of Malta formed the British A ss ociation of Knights of the Order of Malta , which now maintains the Ho s pital of St. John and St. Elizabeth at St. Johns Wood. It was with Knight s of this A ssociation that the 14th Earl of Scarbrough, as soon as he had become sixth Sub-Prior of our Order in 1923 , began to use his personal influence to abate or mitigate the chilling negative influence of the complete estrangement which existed between the S.M.O M. and our Order.
Thi s had arisen in 1858 when the then Lieutenant Master, Fra Philip Colloredo , denounced the action of the French Knights of the Capitular Commission of the S M O M , formed in 18 14, for sponsoring the revival of the Grand Priory of Eng land as having been u ltra vir es a n d of no effect and asserted that in conseq uence of that OUf Order h ad no legal existence.
It was almost entirely due to Lord Scarbrough s efforts that it was fo und possible during our Pi lgrimage in 1926 to Jerusalem , Cyprus , R hodes and Malta to obtain permission for him to inve t the Italian Governor of R ho des, his C h ief Secretary and the Mayor of that City as Honorary mem bers of o u r Grand Priory. The P ilgrims in Levee dress, wearing their Ma n t les, marched 13
During the campaign in Italy in "Hitler's War " so many members of the S.M.O.M and of our own Order " worked in close and cordial cooperation in the sacred cause of Charity and Humanity " with the British Red Cross Societ y, that in May 1945 the 10th Earl of Clarendon, who had become 8th Sub-Prior in 1943, wrote to the 56th Grand Master of the S.M.O M. suggesting that as a resu lt of these war-time contacts relations between the two Orders might be renewed, and offering a copy of Sir Edwin King s "History of the Knights of St. John in the British Empire" for the Grand Master's acceptance In reply the Grand Master sent autographed copies of two books about the S.M O.M. and intimated that a special mission from St. John's Gate wo u ld be warmly welcomed at the Palazzo Malta (where since 1834 the headquarters of tbe S.M.O M. had been hou sed in what had been its Embas sy to the Vatican before 1798). In view of his of the I talian language, his WIde knowledge of the history of the S. M .O.M and his experiences in Pa lestine, Sir Harry L u ke was selected to lead the special mission which was sent to Rome in October.
He wa most graciously received on O ctober 13, 1945 , by Hi s Most Eminent Highness Fra Lutovico Chigi della R overe A l baoi, the Prince Grand Master. S uch wa s tb e success of hi s conversation s with th e G rand Mas ter and members of hi s S over eign Co un cil that not onl y was th e decl a ra tion of 1858 (tha t th e G ra nd Prior y of E ngland had no lega l ex is tence) ignored but it wa s desc ribed as " th e hi ghl y- meri to riou s Britis h Ord er of St. John ." Permiss ion was granted for members of the S M. O .M to become members of our Venerable Order and the Grand Master asked that a Liaison O fficer might be appointed to represent the O rder at his Court. F u rthermore , it was suggested that our Ven era ble O r der might i n tervene, und er a power of attorney from the S M O M ., at the moment of transfer of sovereignty over the D odecanese
OVERSEAS VISITORS ON ST. JOHN'S DAY
VISITORS FROM TWELVE COUNTRIES were represented at St. John's Day celebrations. They came from Australia, Canada, Gibraltar, Guyana, Hong Kong, Kenya, New Zealand, Rhodesia, Sabah, South Africa and Uganda. Some of them are pictured outside St. Paul's Cathedral at the Annual Commemoration Service.
Islands from Italy to Greece, to secure for the S.M.O.M. the entire and absolute right of ownership of the Auberge of Italy and certain churches in Rhodes.
While in Rome on this occasion, Sir Harry was also received by Pope Piu s XII, to whom tlte purpose of the Mission was explained and whose attention was also drawn to the devoted activities of some of his missionaries in the Pacific In due course the Mission returned and Sir Harry made a formal report on its proceedings.
Thereafter Sir Harry came to be well-known as a lecturer in America and on board ship during "Hellenic Cruises," and became still more active on behalf of our Order.
In 1948 he inspected its work in Cyprus, Malta and Gibraltar and held Investitures there. Later in the year he renewed relations with the German Knights of the Lutheran Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the 10hanniterordean. Immediately after the war the survivors of these Knights (Hitler had hanged fourteen of them) under their Herren meister, Prince Oscar of Prussia, were found to be trying to do the work of their Order in their nine hospitals, in spite of being in such a state of destitution owing to the loss of all their property behind the Iron Curtain, that they were reduced to subsisting on a very meagre and compulsory vegetarian diet.
British assistance from Lord Wakehurst and other members of our Order in the Army of the Rhine enabled them to start on what became a truly remarkable recovery. Sir Harry also conferred with the very sympathetic
leaders of the less unfortunate Association of Rheno-Westphaljan Knights of Malta at Munster who had three hospitals with 560 beds between them.
In 196 I, only three year after hi visit, Sir Harry was one of the delegates of our Order at the ceremony, when Prince Wilhelm Carl of Prussia, who had succeeded his father, Prince Oscar, as Herrenmeister, presided in a French church in Pari s at the reception of French Knights of the newly-formed French Association of the Luther 10hanniter.
In his revised and greatly augmented ]967 edition of Sir Edwin King's HISTORY OF THE KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN IN THE BRITISH REALM * Sir Harry commented: "H may well have been the case that only under the auspices of S1. John could such an event have taken place within sixteen years of the end of Hitler's War."
After the appointment of Lord Wakehurst as Lord Prior in 1948, the activities of our Order were greatly increased abroad. ltsinfluence in Europe , Asia and America was extended and its prestige enhanced.
There were consultations and conferences in Rome, New York., Paris, Cypru, Jerusalem , Geneva , Malta , The Hague, when the good work begun by Sir Thomas Cook (retired Commissioner for Norfolk) was continued, and at Stockholm where Sir Harry completed what had been begun in 1946 by Lord Mountbatten of Burma before going on to Finland.
There were also meetings at St. John's Gate and congresses at Bubikon in Switzerland. On many 14
BRIGADE IN ACTION
LINes
ONE OF THE WALKERS pulled a muscle and received treatment from the Brigade during a "walk-about" Scunthorpe, covering 20 miles, which raised over £800. 138 people entered, 0/ which 120 finished. The walk was orgallised by The Scunthorpe Lions Club. St. John used yards of adhesive plaster-even a seasoned runner was a casualty-which just goes to show walking is a tough occupation.
occasions Sir Harry supported the Lord Prior and owing to his ability to converse Auently, not only in Italian, but aloin German, French, Greek and Turkish (and his happy facility in writing Latin) was of great use in helping to conduct negotiations without the assi tance of interpreters.
Sir Harry had a great share in producin g that remarkable atmosphere of harmon y and tolerance which made it po ssible for the four Orders of St. John other than the S.M.O.M. to ally themselves by the Convention of Ne id erweisel in June, 1961, for the S.M.O.M. to make the Joint Declaration with our Venerable Order in November, 1963, and finally to take part publicly in the religious services in the Co-Cathedral in Malta in 1965, which celebrated the four hundredth anniversary of the raising of the Great Siege of Malta by the Turks.
His election, as an Honorary Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, in ] 952 delighted Sir Harry as being a gracious recognition of his s ucces sful industry as an author. His promotion to be Bailiff of Egle in succession to the 9th Earl of Shaftesbury in 1961 came as a reward for his activity on behalf of our Most Venerable Order, of its Allies and of the S.M.O.M. So highly did he esteem that reward, that in 1963, supported by the Secretary-General of our Order, he became the first Bailiff of Egle si nce the Di so lution to attend a se rvice in the church of Egle and to addre s the congregation from the pulpit.
* A vaila ble front f he Order's Stores Department.
Scunthorpe Star 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
DORSET
NURSING CADET SGT. FREDA HOLMES AND CPL. DIANA OSBORNE, Dorchester Di vision, pictured with tIVO children from the Cheshire Home for mentally handicapped children in Dorchester. Freda has recently gained her twelfth Special Service shield and Diana her fifteenth. Many congratulations-is this a record?
CONWAY AMBULANCE CADET DIVISION recently formed, as "casualties" helping the Caernarvonshire Ambulance SeYl'ice team to train for a first aid competition.
MANCHESTER FIRE BRIGADE
MINISTRY OF TECHNOLOGY FIRST AID FINALS
Minis t er.
M emb ers of the t eam als o in th e pic ture , Mr s. M Martin, Mi ss A. E. Fag an , Miss M Larg e and Miss G. J Guy . M ini s ry o f Techn o logy
TH E AMERICAN CUP F OR GALLANTRY has been awarded to Ambulance Member WILLIAM TH O MAS, O F THE ST. IVES AMBULANCE DIVISION, Cornwall , for hi gallant action when a Cadet Sergeant, in saving a man from drowning, on April 1, 1968.
William , together with a Cadet and another boy, was playing footb a ll, on a headland near St. Ives. A woman ran to them for help , saying that her husband wa s drowning in the se a.
William, leaving the boy to comfort the woman, immediately ran with the other Cadet to the edge of the cliff and scrambled down a steep slope. Although William could not swim he immediately jumped down into fifteen feet of turbulent sea water. Mercifu ll y he landed on an underwater ledge , so that he was breast-high in the water, otherwise he himself would have been drowned.
With the sea breaking over them , William grasped the man' arm , and he and the other Cadet m a naged to drag him clear of the sea.
In jumping into the sea in such circumstances, Wi ll iam put his own life at risk, and gave no thought of his own safety.
Bill Hadley.
ACOMB NURSING CADET DIVISION about to set off on a walk round York in aid of a fund to buy seats for the grounds of Wilbe/force Home for handicapped blind They up part of their Easter holiday for this event. Over £35 was raised. Mr. Wilberforce (right), Chmrman of the Home's Management Committee, was official starter.
ST. JOHN FOOTBALL MATCH AT ABINGDON, BERKSHIRE. It is more usual to see St. John members in a very different type of competition, but this year the first, of what it is hoped will be an annual series of football matches, saw Abingdon versus Dudley. Dudley won by 5 goals to 2 and were presented with the trophy by Mr. C. E. Gostling, President, Abingdon Division.
The three young supporters in the foreground are mascots.
N D.L.B. 211 (LONDON) DIVISION in action during the London District Finals which they wrested from Gray's Ambulance Division, and went through to represent S.E. Area in the Brigade Finals in which they came seventh. (Stop Press on Brigade Finals on page 19. Results in September issue). Picture shows: Area Commissioner Dr. P. Roylance (Judge). Team: Capt. D IS. W. A. Oliver ; S ISgt. F. Cowling and AIM. J. Newcombe.
By MISS L. D. SOUTHWICK, S.R.N., O.N.D., Assistant Matron, Royal Eye Infirmary, Plymouth i
ffilll 111111 II 1111
May I start with a complaint? Ophthalmic hospitals do not get their casualties soon enoughnot the major accidents but the minor ones. Foreign bodies
Steel goes rusty in the moisture of the eye and in twenty-four hours can change into minute particles of rust and sink deeper into the front, shiny part of the eye (cornea), setting up irritation and inflammation and possibly causing the loss of several days' work.
Minute particles which have blown into an eye can often be washed out, using a slightly warm saline.
A casualty having any foreign body enter his eye under pressure, for instance from a drill; or from a hammer and chisel, should be sent to hospital immediately as there is a possibility of the foreign body getting right into the centre of the eye (inter-ocular foreign body-I.O.F.B.). In no circumstances should the eye be irrigated as this tends to push the substance further in.
A small particle can be removed from under the upper lid by everting the lid. The casualty is asked to look down and by placing a matchstick on the lid below the eyebrow and grasping the lashes between finger and thumb, the lid can be turned back over the stick. The foreign body is then gently wiped off with damp cotton woolthe patient looks up and the lid returns to its normal place.
Other corneal disturbances, such as ulcers, should be treated by a doctor.
By courtesy of Ambulance Bulletin of the Electricity Council.
PLASTIFOL
PLASTIC WOUND REPLICAS offer outstanding opportunities , in visual First Aid trainingopportunities for practical instruction in treating an injury, so that students are emotionally prepared to deal with emergencies. Begin now to build up a complete range for your team. Send 1/6d. in stamps for a colour booklet giving details of all wounds available.
BROWNING'S LTD., Dept J. 69 Aberdeen Street, Hull, Yorkshire.
"To be kind to all animals"
After a busy morning at Trooping the Colour this year, the Divisional Superintendent and two members of No.4 (Ley ton & Leytonstone) Division were returning to their Headquarters in the Division's ambulance, thinking thoughts of long cool drinks, and of a job well done. As they approached the crossroad at Whitechapel Road and Cambridge Heath Road, E.1, they saw a crowd of people and a stationary police car. Anticipating a road accident, the driver stopped the ambulance and the crew went forward to offer assistance, one of them still wearing his medals. To their surprise they found that the "patient" was a racing greyhound which had been hit by a car.
A doctor present placed a temporary dressing on the shoulder of the unfortunate dog, and it was then lifted on to the stretcher, put into the ambulance and taken to the P.D.S.A. Sanatorium at Ilford.
During the journey, a fracture of the dog's foreleg was diagnosed, and the temporary dressing replaced by a sterile dressing.
On arrival at the P.D.S.A. - amid quizzical stares(what's an ambulance doing at the Vets? ! ! I)-the dog was carried on the stretcher into the surgery, where it was confirmed that the dog had, in fact, fractured its foreleg. Later it was heard that the dog had an excellent chance of recovery, but that its racing days were over.
So three men went home, later and thirstier than before, but even more satisfied that their duty was well done.
N.B. The heading to this story will be recognised as part of the Code of Chivalry learnt by all Cadets in the Brigade. It is interesting to note that the Superintendent of No. 4 Division is a former Cadet Officer, and that both members of the ambulance crew were former Cadets.
BRIGADE FINALS
Fairfield Halls, Croydon, Surrey SATURDAY, JULY 12, 1969
Cadets: Barnstaple, E. S. & N. Devon. Full results in September Issue.
The use of any particular appliance, equipment, medicament or preparation advertised in the "Review" is not necessarily endorsed for first aid purposes.
Abingdon v. Dudley North Berkshire Herald.
Points to be Noted by every Member of First Aid Teams for all Future Competitions-especially Team Leaders
In the past members have learned tricks of gaining marks or making sure they do not lose any.
1. By stating negatives, e.g., "I would not remove or disturb clots." This has been said even when clots have not been formed. In future if a Doctor wants this statement the wound MUST be made up with a movable clot. If clots could not form in the time since the accident, any remarks about clots WILL BE PENALIZED. Another such statement is "I would not give anything by mouth" even when there are no possibilities for obtaining food or drink. SUCH UNNECESSARY REMARKS WILL IN FUTURE CAUSE LOSS OF MARKS. MAKE SURE YOU ONLY STATE WHAT YOU ACTUALLY SEE, HEAR, TASTE, SMELL OR TOUCH, ANY GUESS WORK AND YOU LOSE MARKS, ANY UNNECESSARY STATEMENTS OR QUESTIONS, YOU LOSE MARKS. FORGET THE PATTER YOU GAINED MARKS WITH BECAUSE THE SAME PATTER WILL NOW LOSE MARKS.
2. TEAMS HAVE KNOWN THAT THEY COULD GAIN MANY MARKS FOR LOADING THE CASUALTY INTO THE AMBULANCE. SOMETIMES 40 MARKS, 20 % OF THE TOTAL HAVE BEEN GIVEN FOR PREPARATION, TESTING, BLANKETTING AND LOADING.
Many teams carry a stop-watch and as time for the end of the test draws near, first aids speed up to BEAT THE CLOCK- first aid has been abandoned for speed and the casualty hustled-not placed in the Ambulance.
3. Teams have learned to state out loud what they are doing, or supposed to be doing, when in fact they are not doing. Example: "I am testing the pulse," when in fact they are not feeling the right position, not feeling long enough to check or have no watch so cannot check. These actions, unless they are actually done, will lose marks in the future. Remember loud remarks distract a judge and you will lose marks.
A SILENT TECHNIQUE MUST BE USED IN FUTURE AND ONLY QUESTIONS WHICH MUST BE ASKED, OR STATEMENTS MADE WHICH SHOULD BE MADE.
THIS IS THE ONLY TIME ANY FmST AIDER SHOULD SPEAK TO THE JUDGE.
4. SPEAK TO CASUALTY IF CONSCIOUSIF NOT SPEAK TO BYSTANDERS. NEVER SPEAK TO JUDGE UNLESS YOU MUST.
20
NEVER SAY "IS THERE ANY FURTHER DANGER," LOOK FOR IT AND DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT.
NEVER SAY "IS HE BREATHING ," FIND OUT AND IF HE IS NOT, DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT. IF HE IS , FIND OUT THE TYPE.
NEVER SAY "I DO NOT SEE ANY HAEMORRHAGE," ONLY STATE WHAT YOU DO SEE.
NEVER BE SATISFIED WITH THE INJURIES SUSTAINED THROUGH A FALL. FIND OUT WHY HE FELL.
IF FAKING IS BAD, FOR INSTANCE: NOT ENOUGH REPRESENTATION OF SWELLING, STATE THAT THERE IS ONLY SLIGHT SWELLING. IF THERE IS SUPPOSED TO BE EXISTING HAEMORRHAGE, STATE THE AMOUNT YOU FIND , NOT WHAT YOU THINK THERE OUGHT TO BE, AND ASK WHAT TYPE IF THIS IS NOT CLEARLY INDICATED . IF YOU SAY YOU ARE SUPPORTING A LIMB, MAKE SURE YOU ARE. YOU CAN ASK: "HAS THE PULSE ALTERED" IF YOU ARE TESTING IT AGAIN.
YOU CAN EXPECT SOME INDICATION OF THE PULSE RATE FROM PATIENT OR JUDGE IF IT IS SUPPOSED TO DIFFER FROM THAT FOUND, BUT NEVER SAY: "I FIND IT 72 , BUT I WOULD EXPECT IT TO BE." TAKE IT PRO PE R L Y, GIVE THE REA L ANSWER AND EITHER PATIENT OR JUDGE WILL TELL YOU THE ANSWER YOU WANT.
REMEMBER YOUR CASUALTY IS ALSO A JUDGE.
REMEMBER DO NOT RUSH ACTION OR WORDS.
REMEMBER STUDY POSITION OF CASUALTY AND SURROUNDINGS BEFORE ACTING.
REMEMBER TO MAKE HASTE SLOWLY AND BE SURE OF YOUR ACTION. REMEMBER DO NOT FORSAKE PERFECTION FOR SPEED.
V S. HELMoRE, Chief Fire and First Aid Officer, M.O. Defence.
J""I"'II"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""1""""""1""",""'1 DON'T FORGET YOU CAN GET SETS OF MARKING SHEETS FROM COMPo SEC., ST. JOHN AMBULANCE H.Q.
People in the News
co. DURHAM
COUNTY STA FF OFFICER HORACE CARR
Dear Editor,
Further to the excellent article on the Chair-Lift in the June issue of the "Review," may I make a suggestion?
.The especially if rather "limp" or with mJured arms, IS ltable to sway particularly on turning an awkward corner; neither bearer has a free hand to save him. Therefore , I always recommend my students to tie him into the chair. A long scarf, two triangular a bath towel or other improvisation, IS passed round hiS pelvis and knotted or pinned at the back of the chair.
After all we are all advised to use car safety belts for much the same purpose!
I agree with your contributor that the illustration on page leaves much to be desired. It only shows the method m use for the wide stairs of a public institution, and not for usual narrow twisting stairs of an ordinary house, where the bearers must necessarily work fore and aft of the casualty.
Yours faithfully, MARY E. ROLSTON , M .B., B.Ch. (Divisional Surgeon) Surrey.
Dear Mrs. Richards,
I would like to say how pleased I was to read Mr. Langley's letter in the June issue.
A quadrilateral Division is to my mind a must if we are to continue as a well trained and efficiently run organisation. The advantages are numerous , to name but a few the complete liaison between Ambulance and Nursing Divisions , the liaison between Adult and Cadet I?ivisions, the joint use of Headquarters, stronger finanCial.. r.esourc.es sharing of specialised training facIltttes spnng ImmedIately to mind.
There is , however , one other problem which ceases to be a problem and that is the promotion of Cadets to the Adults. By. age of 1.6 a Cadet will already know the Adult DIVISIOn and WIll have been on Public Duties with Adult members and the step from the Cadet to the Adult Division is a very simple one .
I Jomed my local Cadet Division at the age of 14 and two years later was promoted to the Adult Division and since have progressed through the ranks to my present pOSItIOn
Looking back I am sure that the experience I gained in that quadrilateral Division was invaluable. In this area there are several Divisions such as this under the control of one Superintendent and in all cases there are large numbers of Cadets promoted to the Adult Divisions We must, in the future, ensure far better liaison between Adult and Cadet Divisions and between Ambulance and Nursing Divisions and should, where po ssib le, give serious consideration to joining forces.
My own opinion is that Cadet Divisions should not be formed unless under the wing of an Adult Division. A Cadet Division should be the training ground for its Adult Division and should be providing efficient and enthusiastic members at the age of 16. There are no advantages to having four separate Divisions so let's combine and look forward to the future in a stronger position than we have ever been before .
Dear Madam , In the issue of St. John Christmas Cards, I think in 1966 was a humorous one showing a St. J ohn man with a Nursing Division woman sitting on the Moon awaiting the arrival of a space ship- with a suitable caption to match.
I received very favourable comments from those to whom I sent them
I feel that the .illustration, plus other various captions, could be made mto posters , etc., and would be a real topical propaganda move.
I would welcome one of these cards and permission to use it in my own locality. The theme has boundless possibilities.
Hoping you may be able to assist me and that you may pas the idea on , at least it would be worth a try.
Yours respectfully, S. WORROLL.
D IS Middleton Division, Manchester.
NOTE. - The card was designed by Mrs. Willett, one of Mr. Webb's (General Manager Stores D ept , Order of St. John) , efficient and talented staff. - EDITOR.
Dear Madam,
The last time I made contact with your office was when we submitted an advertising poster for a competition you had organised . (Hello, again).
I still write (unpaid), the weekly first aid forum in our local newspaper on behalf of the Blackpool Divi sions and more recently the Blackpool Home Safety Committee. The column will be three years old this August.
In order to develop more writing skill I have undertaken a two-year course in journalism, which requires articles to be written as test pieces. Naturally, I choose as subjects first aid and home safety. I enclose two of these which may be of use to the " Review, " if not , the honourable waste paper basket is always ready.
By the way, if y ou have any news items which you have no use for, would you kindly use the above address as a W.P.B .! One article is condensed from RoSPA pamphlets and the other is produced from general knowledge
Yours sincerely.
1. E. ENTWI TLE.
Blackpool St. John Ambulance Press Officer.
NOTE.-Except for those who are constantly concerned with journalism and, therefore, nw ve with the times and trends, it is extre m el y useful to take a refresher. So many authorities now run courses for adult education, including journalism. Try and make the tim e to attend-never know when you might hav e to put your knowledge to use locall y or nationall y. These da ys olle cannot afford to be " left behind." What ma y appear toda y to be the safe, well tried m ethods can, tomorrow , become out of date and fit for Mr. Entwistle's W.P.B. (I hope to publish his contributions ill a future issu e). Don 't be blinded by science. YOH can only tackle a job properly if you are confidently qualified to do so-this m ea ns training and experience.
FLAG DAYS
CORNWALL AND WALES
(Below). DENBIGHSHIRE DYFFRYN CLWYD NURSING CADET DIVISION made history this year when they aI/ended a Service at St. Jo seph's Roman Catholic Church, Denbig h The Re v. Father B Norris received the Di visio nal Flag from Cadet Leader E. Williams at the Altar. N I C. T. Gi/mane read the Lesson. The parade which followed was led by D I S. H. Richards, NIO. G. Webster and the Standard Bearer lVas escorted by Divisiona l Pr es ident Mr. G. W. Edwards.
J. J. Jon es
22
St. John Christmas cards, including a beautiful reproduction of the portrait of H.M. The Queen, at prices to suit all pockets and a selection of gay designs. Apply: ORDER OF ST. JOHN CHRISTMAS CARD DEPT., P.O. BOX 47, BURTON-ON-TRENT, STAFFORDSHIRE.
Northern Ireland Grand Prior Cadets
LONDONDERRY AMBULANCE GRAND PRIOR CADETS. Picture shows: (Leji to right): Sgt. Adam Quigley with his parents and Cadet Leader Samuel Vickery and his parent s.
Cornishman
( Above) CORNWALL. ST. IYES NURSING CADETS 01/ their way to St. I ves Parish Church for the Dedication of their new flag. (Left to right): Ro semary Jam es, Pam ela Uren, Lillian B errimal1.
LONDON DISTRICT
W I LLESDEN NU R SING DIVISION ANNUAL
INSPECTION by A/Supt. Miss Dean, M.B.£. and A/S/O. Miss V. Henderson. There are six Grand Prior Badge ho lders and eight trained operators who carry out duties with London District's Radio Communicat ions Unit.
and
NORTHANTS
(R
which
D
th e trop hies ill the Northamp t onshire C o unty ( D ewa r Sh ie ld) Compe t itions (Left to righ t): A/M. G. E . R oss (best individua l, t wo years running);
O
S gt. R. P ridmo re (Capt.) with Arthur Cup, h ighest overa ll team marks; A/M. D Newsome and A/M. A . B oaden ho lding Go t ch Cup-Kingsthorpe )!Jon it also in 1968. orthants Chronicle and Echo
( R ight). LY DD AND NEW R OMNEY AM BULANCE/ NU R SING SECTION were winners this year of the National Associat ion of Ambu lance Officers Competition for Kent Picture shows A lderman Edward Moore presenting the Shie ld to Edward Baker and Kenne t h Wenham. Lydd ambu lan ce s ta t ion is t he only
by B rigade members.
YORKSHIRE
(Left). ACOMB AMBULANCE CADET OF THE YEAR Cadet Sgt. Robert Jones receiving the trophy as Acomb Cadet of the Year from Divisional Superintendent SneLlings. He is now Cadet of the Year for West Riding and has been presented WiTh the Jarman Trophy.
NURSING TODAY Co n t. from p . 9 n o gai n saying t hat th e effect has bee n profound, a n d of a ll the infl ue n ces o n nu rsi n g it has been t he most healthy.
In fluence on Nurse Training
The ma in tenets of the Nightinga le system have been an article of faith for the nursing profession. However, much that has passed for the "Nightingale system" has traduced the intentions of Miss Nightingale herself. First, she was a superb statistician: she k n ew that all sick persons cou ld not be nursed by her highly trained and carefully se lected nurses. They were trained to train and to supervise the exist ing nurses, and by supervision make them better nurses.
But the system was caught in the web of its own success. The prestige conferred on a hospital in having a training school for nurses, and the apparent ly unending stream of devoted young women offering themselves, led more hospitals to start training schools. Soon the criterion became, not the production of trained nurses to be sent forth to train others, but a supply of biddable probationers who would form the major part of the nursing service, or when trained would remain on the staff.
Secondly, the lady probationers, whom Miss Nightingale had reluctantly accepted, became the first matrons. Lacking the practical sense of their founder they sought to restrict nursing to upper class entrants, hoping to demand a high qualifying examination, not to mention a swingeing registration fee. Illogically they would not entertain the idea of more than one grade of nurse.
The corollary was obvious: if the increasing demand for nurses was to be met, and there was only to be one grade and one qualifying examination, then the selection and standard must be lowered. Ostrich-like for over 40 years the nursing profession refused to face its options. The influence, however, was not Miss Night in gale's but Mrs. Bedford Fenwick's. This influence on the profess ion, on doctors and administrators, can be seen in the almost fanatical resistance in some quarters to the introduction of a shorter training for the assistant nurse and to the Nurses' Act of 1943.
It is not the influence of the original Nightinga le training on nursing that has caused the havoc, but the deparfrom it. The Nightingale Schoo l III 1860 was financed independently by the Nightingale F u nd. A lthough the probationers undoubtedly contributed to the service of the hospital, their traini ng needs came first. This has been the main recommendation of every report on nurse training from Horder to Platt, including the Government's own report on The Recruitment and Traini ng of Nurses, 1948. " R eports are n ot se lf-executive"6 wrote M iss N ighti n ga le. T hey are not. .Are t he o r igi n a l princip les of the N Ighti n ga le scheme still valid? Obvi-
ous ly t he simp le but rigo r o us traini n g of 1860 is not suitab le for the comp lexities of medical know ledge in the second ha lf of the 20 th cent u ry, b u t even the suggestion for nurse training in A Comprehe n sive Medica l Education 7 that a basic degree in h uman bio logy wou ld be a suita b le foundation for some nurse training wou ld not deny these principles. In a time of rapid expansion and evaluation of degree courses for nurses, no one has denied that careful selection, the right character and aptitude, the acquisition of knowledge and skill are the r ight principles for nurse training.
The Nurses' Home
The Nightingale Home had a specific purpose: to give a cultural background and to supervise personal behaviour. Once the experiment was a success, provided selection was high, rigorous discipline was no longer necessary. In subsequent years the provision of a nurses' home, except in the more wealthy hospitals, was not to provide a cultural background, but to keep a large trainee labour force close at hand for the long and often unsocial hours they were required to work. There seems little evidence that later home sisters spent time discussing poetry with their charges. Much has been made of the early discipline and its effect, but the first probationers were invited to criticise their lectures, an exercise in participative management that has not had much place in the intervening years. Although nurses' homes are becoming white elephants, the latest body to pronounce on nurses, the Prices and Incomes Board,8 recommends that student nurses should live in during their first year, which was all Miss Nightingale originally asked.
Nursing Administration
The Nightingale reforms brought a revolution to hospital administration. The matron became the supreme head of the nursing ervices and the training school. It gave us o u r so-called and often maligned tripartite administration. There is, however, no evidence to suggest that mere dual admini tration would have been easier. Indeed, the unseemly acrimony of the 19th century dual system makes our present little local difficulties pale into in ignificance. The idea that the matron shou ld be the head of the training schoo l is em bedded in the nursing profession as Holy Writ; the hocked horror at the uggestion in the Wood R eport 9 that n urse training hould be u nder the control of a training authority and not a hospital is evidence of this.
The R eport o n Senior Nursing Staff Structure has in fact shattered the idea that the matron must be the supreme head. With a layer of "top management" havjng structural authority over "matrons" of units, the old concept is dead. Nevertheless, the principle remains; what Miss Nightingale fought for was that one trained nurse shoul d be jn charge of all nursing matters. One doubts if she would have minded whether it was a hospita l or a group, a matron or a chief nursing officer. If the Committee had recommended that someone other than a nurse should be in charge of the nursing services, then well might we have wrung our hands and said, "The spirit of Nightingale is dead."
Pay and Conditions of Service
Traditionally nurses were always rewarded partly in kind. The Nightingale system undoubtedly set the seal on this. Once the comforts of a Victorian upper class home were supplied, all that was needed was pocket money, and preferably a private income, a not unexceptionable method of reward in 1860. The difficulty came in the years between the wars when many nurses' homes did not provide upper class comforts and when private incomes were no more.
The battle to remove nurses from this system is hardly won. Tradition al public and management thinking is still the picture of a nurse as a young, single, dedicated woman, not a married man, a widow with children, a woman supporting parents or even just herself until death parts her from her small pension. M iss N ig htin gal e's Influ ence o n th e Gener a l D eve lopm ent of Britis h N urs in g By amazing prescience Miss Nightingale gave to us not only reformed profe sional hospital nur ing, but a nursing ervice to the community backed by a special corp of nur es trained to prevent ill-health-the forerunners of our health vi itor . Countries which did not adopt the Nightingale system have poorly developed community nursing and preventive services. In order to provide a child we lfare service for the displaced persons camps in Germany in ] 948, it wa necessary to start our own training on British lines; the concept of positive child health services was unknown. (Concluded oller/eaf)
HAVE YOU REMEMBERED TO RENEW YOUR "REVIEW" SUBSCRIPTION ? WHY NOT PAY BY
The R eport on Senior Nursing Staff Structure (Salmon) in 1967 wa careful to leave this princ ip le inviolate; the chief nursing officer (Grade 10) i head of a ll nur ing services and training within the ambit of her group. Is this too much for one pe rson? W ill the f u ture of n Ll rse education perforce be more c lose ly li n ked with outside 2S e du cationa l b odies? I s this o n e Nighti n ga le principle that we m u st event ua ll y throw overboard? O ne fee s Miss Nightingale would not mind provided the profession kept contro l of its own education.
THIS PICTURE lVas sent in by Nursing Officer Valerie Cousins of the Melbourne Nursing Cadet Di vis ion , Essex. which shows the MIDLAND COLLIERY Nursing Cadet Division, taken nearly forty years ago, of which she was a member. The Di vision won the Yorkshire Rose Bowl. Their Superintendent lI'as Miss Webster. N/O Cousins says that she lVould like to knoll' whether any of the members are still in St. John and to hear from them. The D / O 's name was " Freda." Mrs. Cousins was then Valerie Penfold and
YORKSHIRE
West Riding WHERE ARE YOU NOW?
DATES FOR YOUR DIARY NATIONAL EVENTS
in tbe TJjritisb 3Realm of tbe ;ffiost Venerable ®rber of tbe of 10bn of 1erusalem anb
;ftilajestp 'aCbe $ouereign of tbe Cl&rber of Jobn, bas approueb tbe foUohling %Ibmissions to anb -ilromotions in tbe Cl&rber ffillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllill111I
FOR APPor TME T TO THE GRADE OF KIGHT
Colonel Geoffrey George H arg reave Bolton, C.B.E., M .C., D L. (from Commander)
Professor Lionel H arry Butler M .A. (from Offi cer)
H.E The Hon Sir P a ul Ha s luck , G .C. M G ., M A (Governor-General of Austra li a)
Vice-Admira Sir Charles Mills K.C B. C.B.E., D .S.C. (Lieut-Governor designate of Guernsey)
Air Chief Marshal Sir John Davis G .c. B. O B.E ., A.D.C. (Lieut-Governor design a te o[ Jersey)
FOR APPOl TME T TO THE GRADE OF DAME
Lorn a, Miss Cooper, S.E. ([rom Commander)
Alexander J a mes Aird Robertso n M B. , Ch.B ([rom Serving Brother)
Benjamin Walter Wood , M.R .C.S., L.R C P. (from Serving Brother)
Willi am Thomas R osier (fro m Serving Brother)
Clarence Avondale Lifford (from Serving Brother)
George frederick Tidy (from Serving Brother)
Edward William Jone s, B .E. M. (from Serving Brother)
Claude Allan Osborn , M R.C.S ., L.R C.P. (from Serving Brother)
James Edward Wilson (from Serving Brother)
Wilfred Gwilt (from Serving Brother)
Archib a ld M ayes (from Serving Brother)
Ron a ld Morris (from Serving Brother)
Robert Henry Wright (from Serving Brother)
John Wanliss (from Serving Brother)
DAILY EXPRESS
SEPTEMBER 25 is seen (to use her phrase) holding the "loot."
NURSING TODAY Concluded
Underdeveloped countries have wanted from u s not so much hospital nurses but highly trained public health nurses; a poor country needs not expensive hospital s, but health. This has been a unique Briti sh contribution to world health, a contribution that owes its origin to Mi ss Nightingale's first lady health missionaries. Although much s till needs to be done to integrate the work of hospitals and the health services to the community, at least the Nightingale reforms gave us a comprehensive nursing service.
The Influence of Tradition on Nursing
The achievements of reform in the second half of the 19th century cannot be minimised. They are legendary. However, living in the shadow of a legend is not an unmitigated blessing.
Exhorted to the " Nightingale spirit," praised as "ministering angels, ". sicklied o er with pale cast of sentImentality, nurses have tended to c!ing blindly to the tradition that them to such a pinnacle. To questIon the system was /ese-majeste, and this bred orthodoxy; conformity operates against reform. In spite of some lightened questioning, the profeSSIon has tended to look back to its days of glory and has chosen not reform, but a crown of thorns.
Nursing, once saved by an outstanding woman, has had an almost Messianic belief that this would
happen again. But no new Nightingale will arise; this is not the !leed of the 20th century. The profeSSIOn has it in its own hands to match the hour.
Mi ss Nightingale adapted her system to the needs and the changing attitudes of the 1860s; she gave u s a spr ingboard , not a mattress; principles, not ossified rules. If we cannot adapt the fault is ours, not hers. Reprinted by courtesy of the Author and " The Nursing Times."
1 Founders ' Lecture to College of Nursing, 1956. the Roya l
2 Life of Florence Nightingale, Mrs. Cecil Woodham Smith. Fontana, 6s.; Con stable , 45s.
3 Life of Floren ce Nightingale, Mrs. Cecil Woodham Smith, Fontana, 6s.; Constable, 45s.
4 Letter to Miss Agnes Jones, matron of Brownlow Hill
5 Health Visitors (London) Order , 1909.
6 Note on the margin of The Royal Sanitary Commission on the Health of the Army.
7 Institute of Social Research, 1968.
8 National Board for Prices and Incomes, Report No. 60, Para. 44, 1968.
o Working Party on Recruitment and Training of Nurses, 1948. 26
NATIONAL COMPETITION FOR INDUSTRY
Queen Mary's College, London, E.1
October 5
National Road Passenger Transport
Music Hall, Union Street, Aberdeen
October 16
Gas Industry
Friends House, Euston, London, N.W.1
October 29
G.P.O.
Seymour Hall, London, W.l
NOVEMBER 20
GRAND PRIOR'S TROPHIES
Seymour Hall, London, W.l
INVESTITURES
ORDER OF ST. JOHN
October 1 November 18
FOR APPOI TMENT TO THE GRADE OF CHAPLAIN A D SUB-PRELATE
The Very Revd. Frederick W a lter Cogman, Dean of Guern sey
FOR APPOINTME T TO THE GRADE OF COMMA DER (BROTHER)
Major-Gener a l R obert Maxwell J ohnstone, M B .E., M.C., M A ., M.D ., F.R.C.P. ([rom Officer)
George Henderson Smith (from Officer)
Harold Allwood Brown (from Officer)
George M ack lin Hinch (from Officer)
William Duxfield Allison ([rom Officer)
Herbert Davis Chalke, O B .E., T.D ., M A ., M.R .C. P ., D P H. (from Officer)
Major Robert Myles Gibson, E.R.D., M Sc ., M D ., Ch B. F.R C.S. (from Officer)
John W a lker M B. Ch.B. (from Officer)
Edward William Cowpe-Pendleton C. B.E., B.E.M. (from Officer)
Josiah Woods (from Officer)
Brigadier Brian Wolseley Webb-Carter D S.O. , O.B.E. (from Officer)
Colonel George Milne Kinmont O.B E., D.L. (from Officer)
Harold Touzeau (from Officer)
FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF COMMANDER (SISTER)
Olive Kathleen, Mrs Russell (from Officer)
Mary Bertha Mrs. Kelsey (from Officer)
Hilda May, Miss Bidmead (from Officer)
Alexandra Lady Hasluck (Wife o[ the Governor-General of Australia)
Anne Lady Mills (Wife o[ the Lieut-Governor designate of Guernsey)
Doreen, Lady D avis (Wife of the LieutGovernor designate of Jersey)
FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF ASSOCIATE COMMANDER (SISTER)
Marie Louise , Mrs. de Roth schild (from Associate Officer)
FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF OFFICER (BROTHER)
J ames William Maycock M.B. , Ch.B (from Serving Brother)
Cyril Chandler (from Serving Brother)
James Albert Eccleston (from Serving Brother)
Harold Sydney Wookey (from Serving Brother)
Samuel John Cook (from Serving Brother)
Victor David Lake (from Serving Broth e r)
Samuel Horace Evans, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. ([rom Serving Broth er)
Douglas John Spence (from Serving Brother)
John Hamer (from Serving Brother)
Roy McLellan Archibald, M.B., Ch.B., D I.H. (from Serving Brother)
Eric Cyril Fear, M B. , Ch B. (from Serving Brother)
Surgeon Captain Peter de Bec Turtle (from Serving Brother)
James Donald Cameron, M.B. , Ch B., F R.C S (from Serving Brother)
Ronald George Ehlen
John Edward Miles
J a mes Fr a ncis Pantridge M C., F.R.C.P., M D James P a trick Payne, M.B ., Ch.B., F F.A.
R .C. S Dr. Stanley Clucas Gawne
Brig a dier James Howden Robertson, Q.H D S., F D S ., M R C.S.
Colonel Charles Frazer Murison M.B ., Ch.B.
Colonel Henry Gray Skinner. M.B. Cb B.
D P.H ., D.I.H. D T.M ., & H
Lieut-Colonel Andrew Ralph Worthington M.B., Ch.B.
Lieut-Colonel Clive Marshall Sa muel, M.B., B.S ., M.R.C.S ., L.R C P., D .P.H.
Major Lyndon Earle Johnson
George Smith Jo ss, M B., Ch.B., L.M.C.C., F.R.C.S
Malcolm Sylvanus Parker
FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF ASSOCIATE OFFICER (BROTHER)
Ismail Gibrail ([rom Associate Serving Brother)
Dr. Matthew Taylor Mellon
FOR APPOINTME T TO THE GRADE OF OFFICER (SISTER)
Mary , Miss Sterrett (from Serving Sister)
Monica Eileen, Miss White (from Serving Si ter)
D orothy Mary, Mrs. Farnsworth ([rom Serving Sister)
Beatrice Irene Mrs. Sanders ([rom Serving Sister)
Elsie Gladys Mis Marshall (from Serving Sister)
Catherine, Mrs. Ayden (from Serving Sister)
Alice Mary, Mr. Bateman (from Serving Sister)
lrene Alice, Miss D ance, S.R. (from Serving Sister)
Joan Frances , Mrs. Lafferty (from Serving Si ter)
Frederick Savary T ay or. Q.C., B.A ., LL.B. (from Serving Brother)
Paul Emile Tremblay (from Serving Brother)
Frederick Leo n Turner (from Serving Brother)
Alfred Vardy (from Serving Brother)
Jean deVill ers (from Serving Brother)
Major Frank Samuel W a lker , E.D., C.D (from Serving Brother)
Bertram Ri chard W aters (from Serving Brother)
Lt.-Col. Willi am Storey W atso n (from Serving Brother)
Col. Jean A. Berthi aume, O.B.E. C.D.
Harold Ro y Crabtree, C.D., B .Sc., LL.D.
The Honourable Yves Gabias
John C. Gilmer. C.A.
Brigadier Orris Julian Keehir, C.D.
Ass t. Comm Edward LeDrew Martin
Air Vice-M arshal Frank S. McGill C.B
John Edgar Skinner
R aymond Courtney Smythe, B .M.E , C.E.Q
William S. Tyndale, Q.c.
R. How ard Webster
Chief Supt. Edwin Wil so n Willes. LL.B
Morley A. R Young , M D ., C.M., F.R.C.S (C), F.A C.S ., F A.C.H.A.
FOR APPOTNTMENT TO THE GRADE OF ASSOCIATE OFFICER (BROTHER)
Lt.-Col. D avid Kubryk , C.D. , M.D., D P H (from A ssociate Serving Brother)
Lt.-Col. Samuel Lerner , C.O. , Q.C. B .A. (from Associate Serving Brother)
F OR APPOI TMENT TO THE GRADE OF OFFICER (SISTER)
Rita Provost , Mme. Choquet (from Serving Sister)
Vanda , Mme de Villers (from Serving Sister)
Emma Lavinia, Mrs. Dicks, R .N. (from Serving Sister)
Alice Maude Mrs. Evans (from Serving Sister)
Annie M ary J ane. Mrs. Mooney (from Serving Sister)
Bernice Ro si n a, Mi ss Simmons (from Serving Sister)
Dorothy, Mrs. Stephens (from Serving Sister)
Marie Roberta. Mi ss White (from Serving Sister)
Marjorie, Mi ss Caverhill
Fernande, Mme Turcotte
FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF SERVING BROTHER
Murray Wright Airth
Lt.-Col. Alex Angers
Cecil Arnaud
Hubert Hjalmar Atkinson, M.B ., F.R C.S.
Cpl. Buster Lane, P Avery, C.D.
Robert Harold Balinson , M D.
Neville Guy Barnett
Wilbert Batem a n
Georges-Henri Belanger
Romeo Belanger
Lt.-Col. James Kenneth Bell , M.D ., E.D. Maurice Joseph Alyre Belliveau
Camille Belzille
HEREFORD
No.1 HEREFORD NURSING DIVISION took part in the No.9 Regional Competitions. Team: Nursing Members Rosemary Jones, Helen Corrich and Lloyd. With them are DIS. Mrs. S. Jones, Mrs. J. B. Congreve, County Superintendent and the Worcestershire County President, Countess Beauchamp.
INSTANT SIGNS CONTINUED
In an article by Mr. William Burridge, whose firm handles the information about these materials, he says that the use of colour and variations in size not only increases the attractiveness of the message but makes it more arresting.
The difference between cork and vinyl letters is that the former come in their natural colour which can be effective as it is or can be suited to the purpose and taste of the user, the latter are in BLACK AND WHITE ONLY, but they are self-adhesive.
Contrast between the colour of the background and the lettering is also important. But the simpler the type face, the less colour contrast is necessary. It must be remembered that when using cork letters, a light coloured letter will produce more shadow than a dark one. IT IS THE
SHADOW WHICH GIVES THE SIGN ITS QUALITY. Dark lettering produces conflicting shadows, so particular care must be taken in your choice.
Another point to remember is that the size of the lettering is very deceptive and should be related to the distance at which the message is expected to be read. Mr. Burridge suggests that a notice which is to be read from a few feet away requires a tin. to tin., whereas one which is to be read from 20ft. to 30ft. away would need lin. to 2in. letters.
A plain background is usually most suitable, although wallpaper, textured board, timber slats and fabric are all suitable, provided they are not too "jazzy" and therefore detract from the important legibility of the lettering.
REVIEW CROSSWORD No. 8
Compiled by W. A.
Potter
ACROSS
1. The long runs from the dorsum of the foot to the groin.
9. Obviously the valve between the right atrium and ventricle has three.
10. Chicken-pox confusing vicar and finally a girl.
11. Animal fat used as base for oi n tments.
12. Not much of a fight?
13. Final process in making a cup of sweet tea.
16. Sat around we perspire.
17. Largely an upset concerning the organ of voice.
21. Animal unknown from 28 across.
22. Goes round the suburbs.
23. The area beyond 22 across. Probably.
24. Arm or leg from more than fifty with medical qualification.
26. Dusty disturbance providing a road to success.
28. Beat heard on auscultation during systole
31. Pointer on producing inversion of an eyelid.
32. Support for hernia.
33. Kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.
DOWN
2. Stone barb in dressing soaking up secretions.
3. Shot for person infested with parasites.
4. Bone of carpus and tarsus.
5. In short World Organisation of large scale relief of suffering.
6. In place of instrument with two jaws.
CORK LETTERING. Using cork and self-adhesive vinyl lettering (July issue) gives signs and exhibition work an attractive as well as a professional look. Full details from William Burridge & Associates, P. R. & Publicity Consultants, ] 8a, Dunrobin Court, 389-391, Finchley Road, London, N. W.3.
30
7. Small bit of land is an obstacle.
8. Network giving rise to great sciatic and other nerves of legs.
9. A rebuff joint with sub-normal temperature?
14. Money wagered where formerly many were burned.
15. Form of nitre with no pharmacological action.
18. Preparation for diphtheria immunisation is suitable.
19. Junior medical staff in hospitals.
20. Transport with delight.
25. Nerve producing movement of doctor on hill.
27. Although not necessarily successful, he makes an attempt.
29. Grain often painful on the foot.
30. It is the end of many inflammatory conditions.
First Person: "Why are there no telephones in China?"
Second Person: "I don't know."
First Person: "Because there are so many Wings and Wongs you might Wing the Wong number."
Little Boy: "Mummy, Mummy, why is Daddy running across the field ?"
Mother: "Shut up and reload the gun."
Boy: "What is black and white and moves on eight wheels ?"
Girl: "I don t know."
Boy: "A vicar on roller skates."
Diner: "Do you serve crab in here?" Waiter: "We serve anyone. Sit right down!"
If you cross a zebra with a pig, what do you get? A striped sausage!
Letter sent to the Editor of the "Guinness Book of Records":
"Dear Sir, I have at home a ten-inch black disc, with a hole in the middle. Is this a record ?"
"Can I put this paint on myself?" asked the potential purchaser.
"Yes, Sir," replied the assistant. "But it would look better on the wall."
Said the newly-wed husband to his new wife: "What is this dish called ?-in case they ask me at the hospital."
"Waiter, I have found a button in my salad," said the diner.
"Very sorry, Sir," said the waiter, "It must have come off when the salad was being dressed."
Evening ews. Hereford
John Warburton
ADVERTISEMENTSCLASSIFIED
ADVERTISING AGENTS
T. G. Scott & Son Ltd., 1, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.C.2. (Tel.: 01-242 6264)
Classified Rates:
Semi-display, £3 10s. s.c.i. (minimum £1 10s.)
Non-Trade, 9d. per word (minimum 10s.)
Trade 1s. per word (minimum 15s.)
Box No. 2s. 6d. extra.
Page size (Trimmed): x 7tH.
Screen: Text pages 100
Copy date: 1st of the month preceding publication.
Publication: 27th of month preceding cover date.
Agency commission: 10%.
FOR SALE
ORGANISERS OF BAZAARS AND FUNDS We welcome both personal buyers and mail orders for our extensive range of toys, stationery and Christmas Cards at wholesale prices. Send for price lists. ALSO pre-selected parcels: 144 6d. Toys OR 72 Is. Toys OR 38 Is. lId. Toys OR Selection Stationery OR Selection Christmas Cards. Each Parcel 54s., plus 4s. 6d. postage. Two or more parcels, 6s. postage. - J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) Ltd., 2a, Handsworth Road , London, N.17. (18)
SUPPORT STOCKINGS
Comfort and relief for all leg troubles. Sheer and fashionable appearance. Perfect goods at amazing low prices. See October, November, or December issues for details , or write: CilIa Jane Hosiery Co. Ltd. , 53-55, London Road, Cowplain, Portsmouth, Hants. Requests for literature and quantity discounts welcomed. (16)
"BALL PENS FOR FUND RAISING ."-We supply die-stamped ball pens with your Brigade name, etc. at competitive wholesale rates.-THOMPSON & CREIGHTON, 202, Heaton Road , Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 6. (24)
Cased Crested Cuff Links, 63s. Medal ribbons Is. 6d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform, 2s each ribbon mounted on pin brooch; Regulation medals mounted 3s. 6d. per medal on brooch Miniatures quoted for.-MONTAGUE JEFFERY, Outfitter, St. Giles Street. Northampton (4)
Free Christmas Card and Stationery Catalogues. Free Extended Credit facilities. Generous discounts, plus Sales Bonus and Approval Parcel Service. Send for details to:
WILTON, AXMINSTER, ORIENTALS, Etc. FREE delivery U.K. Chinese, 'ndian, Pers ian Carpets and Rugs a speciality.
Expert fitting arranged if required Write stating requirements or for introduction to showrooms-LONDON or MA'N cities.
DODSON-BULL CARPET CO., LTD.
Showrooms: 6 Old Bailey, London, E.CA Tel: 01 -24 8797' (10 lines) 83 -89 Blackett St., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Tel : 20321 or 2'428 55-61, Lever Street, Manchester I Tel: 06'-236 3687 /8 /9 (II)
3td. EACH ! - PRINTED BALL POINT PENS. 144
Full-length Conway Stewart Ball Pens die-stamped in gold with your Brigade or Charity for only 39s.; 144 P rinted P e ncils 35s Please print your slogan. (Maximum 30 letters), and add 4s. 6d. standard carriage.
-J. E THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2a, Handsworth Road, London, N.I 7. ( 17)
CORPS SUPERINTENDENT'S new uniform complete.
Never worn, cost £30. Size: 40in chest, 40in waist, height 5ft. 8ti n. For disposal to highest offeL-M rs C. D. WHITNALL , Corps Secretary , 156 , ShorncJiffe Road, Folkestone, Kent. Tel.: 52002. (33)
WANTED
WANTED URGENTLY , large St. John Priest 's Tippet and Cap, secondhand.-BELBEN, Great Maplestead Vicarage , Halstead, Essex. (3 4)
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS
AND TRAINING SCHEMES
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.1
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates accepted at the age of 17 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students, Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped School of Nursing. Successrul candidates, on completion may enter the General Training School ct their choice. Comfortable Nurses' Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert Hall Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tennis Court. Active Social Club.
Applications in writing to the Matron.
MOORFffiLDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.1 (8)
Vacancies exist for State Enrolled Nurses to enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing. Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing.
Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board.
Opportunities for promotion and practical responsibility in the specialist field of nursing.
Apply to Miss M. B. MacKellar, Matron. (26)
32
BIGGER & BETTER RETURNS
Raising Funds
THE LESWYN WAY
New ranges of Christmas and Birthday Card Packs, Stationery, Gift Hem s and Decoration - all of the high standard of quality for which LESWYN are noted : all tip-top value.
No delay, your orders de spatch ed the same da y. Write Jar a free copy oj the Chris/mas co lour ca /alogue LESWVN CARDS LTD (Dept. SJ) Sutton • (oldfield, Warwicks.
WIPE UP FIRST AID
(See back cover)
A tea towel (7s.), printed on Irish linen with First Aid hints, is available from the Stores Department , Order of St. John, Priory House, St. John 's Gate, C1erkenwell, London, E.C.1.
- ST. JOHN REVIEW POSTAL SUBSCRIltTION
To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John, 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1
Please supply/renew* St. John Review
commencing with the issue
I enclose 23 / - for 1 year Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John.
THE EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN TRUST IS THE l\iEMORIAL TO A GREAT WOMAN
The proceeds of the sale of this book goes to a fund which supports St. John, the nursing profession and children all over the world. In February 1960 we were stunned by the news of her death. In 1969 we can remember her by contributing to the interests for which she gave her life.
EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN
HER LIFE IN PICTURES
Compiled and Edited by Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock
Superintendent-in-Chief, St. John Ambulance Bri gade
7s. 6d. each
7s. each orders for ten or over (postage extra in each case)
Co u ntle s lives have been saved by the prompt action of trai n ed Firs t Aid personnel. It is therefore essential that st u dents, whibl trai n ing, arc emotionn Ily prepared to face a n y emergencies
P LAST l FOL Wound R eplicas olTcr outstanding opportullltles in visual Fir t Aid training , opportuni t ies for practica l in structio n in treating an injury They are perfectly safe for the demon s trator to use are quickly attached to the skin, yet free movement is possible and t reatment does not damage them. Ideal for demo nstra t io n s and competitions Bui ld up a complete range for your team.
Se n d 1/ 6d. in tamp for a co lour booklet giving details of all wound av a ilable ca s ualty faking hint and suggested incident.
BROWNING'S LYD.
f.1111111111111111I1II1I1
1I11111111111111111111iF.
It is a popular belief that misfortunes come in threes. Perhaps this applies to SHOCKS too.
As regular readers will already know the subscription for the magazine has been raised, as from September 1, 1969 to 23s. per annum, including postage, of course. I sympathise with those who are caught in the first batch. The others are laughing- that is those who have paid up to 1970 August!
The second shock is that , in spite of over £3 ,000 being saved on overheads last year and the increase in subscriptions, we shall still be in the "red"-due to the lack of advertising revenue Third shock to come
The Editor can assure readers that every possible economy is being made on the production of the magazine. Our printers have held the cost for some five years, in spite of rises in costs , wage increases, etc., and they have maintained their first class service . Our block makers, too , with the same problems , have not raised their charges
I cannot begin to express the personal- and I mean to St. John , and me- service that they have provided over very difficult periods- about which you have read "ad nauseam. "
THE "REVIEW" IS GOING TO DIE.
ONLY YOU CAN SAVE IT.
How can you save it?
By continuing your subscription at the increased 6d. a month, which, as I have said before, is very little per week.
Quarterly subscribers with LESS than 6 copies, could transfer to annual subscriptions , paid in advance, thus saving invoices, postage and labour.
PLEASE-even if you don t read this column read the letter in your AUGUST ISSUE regarding the switch to annual bulk subscription- it will cost you less- think of the postage and poundage from your end.
Ending the Editorial TIRADE on a slightly more cheerful note-over the last 18 months an increase of over 500 new subscribers has been very encouraging. So, too, have been the letters (pats-on-back with the odd "kick"). It is good to know, that , on the whole, the readers are getting what they want.
The Editor, as usual, is always in a panic over the clerical and other chores , so appealed to London District for help from cadets. Help came and I hope to publish their reactions in initiation into the publication of the " REVIEW ." They did the chores but I hope they learnt something which may be of use in the future
INSTANT LETTERING
Referring to the " Instant Lettering" articles in the July and August issues please note that all enquiries should be addressed to London Industrial Art, 51 Lisson Grove, London, N.W !. and NOT as stated to Mr William Burridge.
HELP THE DISABLED WEEK-OCTOBER 5-11
Help the Disabled week , sponsored by the Central Council for the Disabled, is not a fund raising effort
The object is to interest members of the public to take an interest in the handicapped and home-bound- to visit them, to take them to Church, the shops or the cinema (some cinemas do not have facilities for wheelchairs so wise to find out in advance what is the form at your local cinema). Many members of the voluntary organisations already do a great deal in this field but it is spreading-the -net to catch other people with time on their hands who may not necessarily want to do first aid and nursing but would be glad to help in other ways So , please, do what you can to help
W.R. YORKS-EFFICIENCY AWARD
Bradford Central Ambulance and Nursing Division were this year's winners of the Dr. and Phyllis Black Memorial Trophy for the most efficient Division in the Area.
FLINTS HIRE-A NATIONAL RECORD?
Dr Henry John Bradley is to take over as Commissioner of Flintshire from Mr. Reginald Atkins. Dr. Bradley is the third generation of a family of doctors to be associated with St. John Ambulance covering a period of 94 years His grandfather qualified in 1875 and shortly afterwards became interested in First Aid and his father, who died last year, gave 40 years service to St. John. This is an outstanding history and would appear to be a record of family service.
W ARWICKSHIRE-"MINI" FIRST AID COURSES
Coventry City Division is going to run a "mini" (or " crash" ) course of First Aid. Three sessions, specially for motorists and housewives , to teach artificial respiration and control of severe bleeding . No ex amination will be held and the cost is 5s. The venture deserves every success and might result in the saving of many lives and limbs.
OXFORD-NEW COUNTY DIRECTOR S.J.A.A.
The Hon Ralph Mansfield has been appointed County Director S.J A.A. for Oxford. He takes over from Colonel A. V . G. Dower who has been appointed Commander of the County.
LANCASHIRE-CADET LIFE-SAVING PATROLS
Cadet members will patrol the towpath of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at BootIe The scheme is operated in conjunction with Bootie Corporation. A spokesman of the Corporation said " There have been no fatal accidents during the hours of patrol. "
WORCESTERSHIRE-STOURBRJDGE AND LYE
The S J A.A Centre in Stourbrid ge was first formed in 1883 and their present Chairman , Dr. J. H. Taylor, Commander of the Order, has been ass ociated with St. John for over 30 years. There are six thriving Brigade units , the oldest being the Stourbridge Ambulance Division formed in 1914 and the y are now well supported with Nursing, Ambulance Cadet and Nursing Cadet Divisions. LYE Ambulance was only a year behind They are lucky to have their own headquarters. Their ambition is to form an Ambulance Cadet Division- the girls are already in the lead with their own Division. A case of Boys of Lye unite- don't let the girls have it all their own way!
W ALES-RADIO RESCUES
LORD ABERDARE , Prior for the Priory for Wales, commented on the value of radio networks in improving the mobility of St. John Ambulance first aid and rescue services at a General Assembly of the Priory for Wales recently. He referred in particular to the offshore rescue team at Ferryside. Lord Aberdare also announced that A MEMORIAL WINDOW TO THE LATE H.R.H.
PRINCESS MARINA (COMMANDANT-IN-CHIEF FOR WALES) , was proposed to be installed in the Church of St. John , Cardiff , as a mark of gratitude for her help over many years.
KENT-A LEADER LOST
DAISY , VISCOUNTESS ALLENBY , OF MEGIDDO, has retired a fter over 20 years as County President, Nursing Cadets, Kent. She says it will leave a gap in her life- it will certainly leave a gap in St. John in Kent
BERKSHIRE-LETTER OF COMMENDATION
NURSING OFFICER MRS . ANGUS of Reading
South Nursing Division was presented with a Letter of Commendation by the Commissioner , Brigadier T. E. D. Kelly. In his letter the Commissioner-in-Chief, Lt.-Gen. Sir William Pike, commended Mrs . Angus s prompt application of mouth-to-mouth reS ':sc itation to an epileptic casualty who had stopped breathing.
DATED
In the "Cumberland Evening News" recently there was a report of a triangular bandage illustrating bandaging techniques which had belonged to Mr. William Sewell 's father when he joined the Police Force in 1902. A little before the Editor's time , but she had one too in 1938 Mr. Wi Lliam Sewell was a former Chief Fire Officer for Gosforth, Northumberland.
CADETS WORKING IN HOSPITALS
Headquarters has circulated a communication stating that in 'ce rt a in stringent circumstances cadets , over the age of 14 years , may undertake certain duties in hospitals. It is stressed , however , that Superintendents of Cadet Divisions should contact County H .Q . before undertaking any duties .
KING GEORGE VI MEMORIAL LEADERSHIP TRAlNING COURSE
Westc1ifI-on-Sea , December 5-7 . Application forms to attend the course (which is fully residential) can be obtained from County Headquarters
No.3 AREA, DUKE OF LANCASTER'S DISTRICT
DR. THOMAS K. LEESE, Area Superintendent (A) was appointed Vice-President of this year's Methodist Conference. It i an outstandi ng honour for an unordained person to hold thi appointment. Mrs . Leese is Area Nursing Omcer.
SOMERSET
CHEDDAR AMBULANCE DIVISION launched an appeal at Whitsun to raise £3,000 to replace their ambulance, the life of which had been considerably shortened during the rescue operations in the July , 1968 flood disaster. Within a month the fund had reached £ I 00 largely don a ted by local trader :rhe " W!shing Well " at Cheddar Gorge has raised over £50 smce It was opened in May
ZAMBIA
Mr. W J S R.N ., P.O Box 63 , Luanshya , Zambia, would like to hear from other "Review" readers in Zambia.
TROOPING THE COLOUR
This sounds like history now but the Editor has been trying to get some pictures of member on duty- alas Without succes, so here i the story The Brigade mounted 18 First Aid Stations and treated 555 casualties - the highest number on this occasion since Coronation Xear. In addition to 600 London District members contingents from Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Essex, Hertfordshire , Kent, Lancashire, Surrey and Sussex were on duty
AUSTRALIA
Divisional Officer (Cadets) W. Kingston from Adelaide, Who has been attached to London District for two years :;
home b y an overl a nd route. He has promIsed an artIcle for the " Review. " -1 h e Brigade in th e u.K. welcome overseas members a s "attached" during their stay - but please remember to write and let us know in advance and bring your uniforms with you.
SURREY
CATERHAM AMBULANCE DIVISION raised £2,100 in less than a year for their new ambulance (£600 from the Caterham Carnival fund) which was dedIcated b y Canon R. G Budd earlier this year.
DERBYSIDRE-BIRTHDAY HONOUR
MR WILFRED BROUGHTON, Staff Sergeant Bolsover Colliery Ambulance Division , was among the S1. John members to receive awards in Her Majesty s BirthHonours list, he the B E M Mr;- Brougbton tram s Bolsover CollIery Ambulance Competition team WhICh won over 40 trophies, including the Grand Prior 's, in 1968 He joined the Brigade in 1937.
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE
BEESTON ROTARY CLUB 's gift to St. John of a mobile First Aid unit , the key of which was handed over by Mr. A. Smedley , a member of the Club and President of the Division , to Assistant Area Commissioner Mr J E Wood Mr M. Litchfield, President of Beeston Rotary Club, was present at the ceremony JUBILEE
;No: 46 ENFIELD NURSING DIVISION, London
Dlstnct, celebrated their Golden Jubilee this year. Over 60 past and present members attended the celebration at the Divi ion's H Q Readers will remember that the Enfield Ambulance celebrated their "Golden" two years ago. Distri.ct Superintendent Mrs . D . Hoadley said, when handmg over the certificate, that it was "a silent eloquent testament of the service that has been given III Enfield over the past 50 years."
BERKSHIRE-LAMBOURN COMBINED DIVISION
Among usual spate of holiday-time duties, Lambou!n DIvislOn had an additional and unusual one at Wbltsun - a 24 hour marathon football match- the score for St. J obn was 14 pairs of ore and blistered feet. They are a sll!all Division in a rural area and the way they coped WIth the many call on their services wa magnificent.
Come Dancing!
, W.l .
ranges of Christmas and Birthday Card Packs, Gift
and Decorations- all of the high standard of quality for which LESWYN are noted: all tip-top value.
No de]ay, your orders despatched the same day. Write for a free copy of the Christmas colour catalogue.
for Wales
CADET RALLY 1969
(Above). A I M WILLIAM THOMAS received th e American Cup for Gallantry from Prin cess Margaret. H e saved a man trom drowning ill April last year. A t the time h e was a Sergeant in the Cadet Division. H e now belongs to the St. I ves Ambulance Di vision, Cornwa ll. A IC. PHILIP HODGKIN, Armley and Wortley Combined Di vision , was presented with a Mpriloriolls Service Certificate for diving il1to the Leeds-Liverpool canal to sove tll'O hoys.
H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES
(Above). H.R.H. The Prince of Wales talking to District Nursing Officer Mrs. J. C. Jones, S.R.N. (of North Monmouthshire) and other m e mbers of the Brigad e who were on dut y during his tour of Wales following the Investiture. The picture was taken in Pont y pool Park. Du e to the very warm conditions the Brigade was kept busy dealing with people overcome by heat. In th e "So uth Wales Echo's" Post bag, Mr. Thomas Dowding of Cardiff had this to say about our memb e rs: " Th ey did a grand job." His Ro y al Highn ess praised th e Cadets for their smartness.
Picture shows (right): H.R.H. The Prince of Wales talking to one of the Cadets during his visit to Picton Castle last ye ar.
Members of the Royal Family have tak e n a keel! inter es t in St John activities since H.M. Queen Victoria granted the Royal Charter in 1881 and became their Sover e ign Head. H.M. The Queen is the present Sovereign Head. n.R.H. The Duke of Gloucester is Grand Prior of the Order. H.M. Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother, is Commandant-in-Chief of Nursing Corps and Divisions and H.R.H. The Duchess of Gloucester, D e puty Commandant-in-Chief. H.R.H. Princess Marina was CommtIl1dant-in-Chief for Wales. H.R.H. The Princess Margaret is Commandant-in-Chi e f of Ambulance and Nursing Cadet Divisions and in July Last ye ar, H.R.H. The Prince William of Gloucester became Commandant-inChief of Ambulance Corps and Divisions. He knows what's-what as he was a m e mb er of the Brigad e while at Elon College Fox Ph otos and South Wales Argus 4
(Abov e). PRINCESS MARGARET admires the exhibits in The halldicraft display staged by cadets from Billillgham Contingellts from 11 counties t ook part ill the parad e and in additioll to the insp ectio ll Prill cess Margar e t e llrolled 120 Il ew m emb ers alld presellted 57 Grand Pri o r's Badg es. (Right). PRINCESS MARGARET auto g raph ed a tablecloth embroidered by th e mother of a Stockto1l-on-Tees Cad e t Her signature will be embroid ere d ill as a souvenir.
picture by R Ackrill
L ORD CACCIA
THE L ORD PRIOR INVESTING M R S. LI ONEL DE R OTHSCHILD
THE LO R D WAKEHURST will relinquish his position as Lord Prior of the Order and he will be succeeded by THE LO R D CACC IA, on October 1. Lord Wakehurst became Lord Prior in 1948 and among the mallY forwardlooking policies he instituted was the revision of the Statutes which (among other measures) gave the Commonwealth Priories a more independent status. H.M. The Queen, in conveying approval of Lord Wakehurst's resignation, said that she is conscious of the outstanding service he has given the Order for twenty-one years. Lord Caccia became a Knight of Justice of the Order in 1960 and Chancellor in 1966. (See also page 19).
CADET RALLY, HARROGATE, JULY 20
Address by H.R.H. THE PRINCESS MARGARET, Commandant-in-Chief, Ambulance and Nursing Cadets
I am ver y pleased to be with you today and to see so many S t. J ohn Cadets from the West Riding of Yo rk shire a n d eleven neighbouring counties.
The ann u al R ally is always a memorable day, esp ecially for those who are being enrolled or are receivi n g awards. I was glad to welcome so many new Cadets and I am sure that in a few years many of them wi ll have earned their Grand Prior Badges like the 60 Cadets to whom I presented this award today.
It always pleases me when I hear of Cadets passing the necessary Proficiency Certificates to win the Grand P rio r Badge. The Certificates cover a wide range of su b jects, including camping, road and home safety, casu alty simulation and child care, and they prepare vou for the "Service of Mankind" in the fullest possible way. Many peopl e have a vague idea that it would be a g oo d thing to help others, but the only way to do this effectively is b y learning the necessary practical skills.
for Wales
ST. JOHN ' S DAY CELEBRATIONS
picture shows the procession leaving St. John Baptist Church, Cardiff, after the Annual Commemoration Service. Extreme right, Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock, D.B.E., Superintendent-in-Chief. The Sword-bearer Mr. R. T. Smith, preceding the Prior for Wales, The Lord Aberdare. The General Assembly was held in the Assembly Rooms, City Hall, Cardiff. The occasion also marked the promotion to Dame of the Order of Mrs. Mary Owen, J.P., who has recently retired as County Superintendent (N), Pembrokeshire.
After 20 years service with the Brigade in Wales, Miss Zoe Druitt retired earlier this year. This will leave a gap which will be difficult to bridge, not only in the Priory but throughout the St. John Ambulance movement. She was tireless in her activities and it was almost a certainty that she would be speaking at a major training conference. She had the ability to bring the most mundane subject to life-to instil enthusiasm in the most disillusioned of us.
Your training as St. John Cadets is aimed at teaching you how to act under difficult circumstances with common sense and the calmness which comes from confidence in your own abilities.
Ambulance Cadet William Thomas showed the value of his training when he rescued a man from drowning. I was so pleased to hear that he has now taken full responsibility in the Brigade by becoming an Ambulance Member, and I hope that, when you reach your 16th birthday, you will follow his example. In the Adult Divisions there will b e many opportunities to put your training into practice and you will find the happiness and sense of fellowship which comes from a shared interest.
I would like t o wish y ou a ll every s u ccess in the f utu re.
There are two things which are expected of you as (j a member of the Brigade: to want to help and to learn how to help. You can never know when you may be involved in an emergency or what form it may take.
In a tribute from the Priory it states: "Camps and Training Courses which she ran in Wales were a model of efficiency and she was instrumental in introducing speakers of outstanding repute in many fields. Her personality and charm were such that it was virtually impossible for anyone to refuse her request.
"We wish her every success in her new venture of running a guest house in the I Ie of Alderney." Everyone would wish to be associated with these good wishes. Zoe, please send address.
In passing it is pleasant that her colleague Mi s Lovett, Secretary of the Priory for many years, is enjoying her retirement in Somerset.
John Warburton
Western Mail & Echo
Miss Zoe D. Droitt Retires
SPALDING NURSING DIVISION
(LINCS.) being appLauded by Sir Hedley after winning the Perrott ShieLd. They also carried off three other trophies. (Full results on page 24). Team: N ISgts. Joan Melling, Mildred Rennison; N 1M. Jean Cherry; N ICpl. Ruth Knight and N I M. Janet LongLand.
BARNSTAPLE NURSING CADET DIVISION were honoured by being welcomed home by the Mayor and Mayoress of Barnstaple after their triumph of winning their section. Team: C ISgt. Marcia Smale; N IC. Margaret Smale; C ICpL. Geraldine Poat and NICs. A lison Cowie and Margaret Morris.
BRIGADE CHAMPION S
MARKHAM MAIN (W.R. YORKS.) AMBULANCE
DIVISION BRIGADE CHAMPIONS FOR 1969, also winners of the Hingston Rose Bowl and Trimble Shield.
The trophies were presented by Prof. Sir Hedley Atkins, Chairman, "Medical Board St. John AmbuLance. Team: AIM. Barry Higham (Capt.); DIS. Frederick Alton; A 1M. Keith Gilbollrne; Sgt. Anthony Farrell and Sgt. Michael Hopkinson.
CEFN CRIBBWR AMBULANCE CADET
DIVISION-Champions in their section and winners of two other trophies. Team: C /CpLs. Stephen Wintle, Colin Broome, Alun Dawe; A ICs. Stephen Fitzpatrick and Paul Wintle.
REDRUTH AMBULANCE DIVISION taken during the team test. They came second-eleven and a haLf marks behind the winners. Team: DIS. H. J. Olson; TISgt. D. Teague; Sgt. M. E. Tangye; AIMs. J. Bobin and G. Cowie.
1969 FINALS Runners-up in
action
(Above). DUDLEY AMBULANCE CADET DIVISION (WORCS.), dealing with a boy who suffered a fractured spine in a road "accident." Team: C ISgt. Michael Fryer; Cadet John R. Dodd; C ICpl. MichaeL Clarke; alld Cadets Garry S. Hickman and Peter Van. Derventor.
(Right). CHERITON NURSING CADET DIVISION (KENT), who also won the Mountbatten Cup, in action during the team test. Team: C I Sgt. Lynne Irving; C/Cpls. Ann Gardiner, Norma West and Jane Simmonds. 9
(Above) ST. MARYCHURCH NURSING DIVISION (DEVON), coping with two boys "injured" while experimenting with a chemistry set in their home. Team: Sgt. Mrs. H. Ward; N IMs. Mrs. M. McGovern, Mrs. W. Rogers, Mrs. M. Maslin and Mrs. 1. Maslin.
I
By COLONEL
Except for care of the unconscious patient and the control of bleeding there is perhaps no field of first aid where skilled and immediate treatment is so important as in the management of fractures. It should never be forgotten that in 1916 the adoption of the Thomas s knee splint (originally designed for treatment of tuberculosis in the knee) for use in fractures of the femur lowered from 80 per cent to 20 per cent the mortality due to this injury from gun-shot wounds.
Fractures of the lower limbs and spine are especially important as the patient is helpless and dependent on outside aid for care and treatment.
There are many ways of classifying fractures , but the first consideration is between the open and closed fractures-these used to be known as compound and simple fractures respectively. The third class is known as complicated fracture , when a fracture is complicated by serious injury to other tissue, the best examples being fracture of the skull with underlying brain damage, and fracture of the ribs with disturbance of normal respiration.
In complicated fractures , management is that of the complication and not the fracture , since, p er se , fracture of the skull and fracture of the ribs do not necessitate treatment.
Open fractures, where there is a wound leading to the site of the fracture , require emergency surgery to avoid infection of the bone, which might lead to amputation and death. These cases , therefore, should receive priority in transport to hospital once they are adequately splinted.
Before discussing further the management of fractures , it is necessary to introduce other important considerations. Fractures may be stable or unstable. In the stable fracture, no splintage is required other than that necessary to make the patient comfortable on his journey to hospital, and very often a sling or firm bandage and resting the injured part on a pillow , is adequate. In unstable fractures , any movement of the patient will alter the position of the broken bone , and this will increase the bleeding and will also increase the painboth these factors adding considerably to the degree of shock. Other classes of fractures , however. are really only of interest to the doctor carrying out their subsequent management, and from the first aiders' point of view, it is unnecessary to distinguish between spiral, oblique, transverse , comminuted , or other classes of fracture.
The basic rules for the treatment of fractures are to reduce the deformity, to maintain the reduction until bone union has occurred, and to support the injured bone until the union is consolidated, restoring the original rigidity to tbe skeleton. Complete reduction of displaced fractures usually requires anaesthesia and X-ray facil ities to control it-procedures beyond the resources of the first aid worker. Nevertheless , in general, it is best to secure an approximate alignment before splintage as this is less likely to impede the circulation beyond the fracture than leaving the limb in a deformed position. It must never be forgotten that one of the cardinal signs of fracture is swelling, and this swelling is due to loss of blood from the bone and soft tissue vessels ruptured during the injury. The amount of blood loss varies from case to case but in a fracture of the Delvis it may amount to almost half of the circulating blood volume, and in a fracture of the femur the loss may be three 10
Medical Institute I
to four pints , and it is this blood loss, with the attendant surgical shock that presents the first danger to the patient's life. Early and adequate splintage will minimi se this blood loss and play an important part in the patient s recovery. Any pain , swelling or tenderness detected in the vicinity of a bone should lead to suspicion of a fracture and suggest adequate splintage and reference to hospital for X-ray
It must be remembered that it is possible to have severe vascular injury with fracture s of the limbs , and these count as complicated fractures and must be regarded equally seriously as fractures of the pelvis , ribs and skull. Therefore , it is essential to examine the circulation beyond the line of fracture , to ensure that this is adequate Important points to note are colour, and whether tissue blanches under nails when press ed and then returns to normal colour, whether the pulse can be felt beyond the fractur e, a nd whether the patient can feel the distal part being touched. Certain fr actures and dislocations of the foot are frequently susceptible to arterial injury, and unless earl y surgical tr e atment is carried out, gangrene will follow The presence of nerve injury below the fracture should also be suspected if insensibility is complete. and if the patient cannot move the digits beyond the fracture. Bearing these general points in mind , we will now con si der some individual fractures.
Fracture of th e skull does not in itself require first aid treatment , but requires attention to the state of consciousness and the presence or absence of any bleeding. One particular fracture , how ever, should be noted , and this is the depressed fracture , when the skull is cracked in such a way as to allow the bone to be driven inwards These fractures may be " Pond " fr a ctur es when a portion of bone is detached and driven inwards, and " Gutter" fractures when two length s of bone are broken , and their adjacent edges project inwards and form a valley Soon after these fractures the space between the skin and bone fills with blood clot , and it may not be possible to feel the depression However , often the first aider can feel the depression, and in this case should record firmly and unequivocally that there is a depressed fracture so that the admitting hospital will lose no time in carrying out radiology and subsequent surger y
Fractures of the fac e and jaw are again often masked quickly by swelling, but here again the important first aid is attention to the airway , and placing the patient in such a way that blood and saliva can drain out of the mouth and nose and not trickle back and restrict the airway; if the patient is not shocked, he is often most comfortable sitting and leaning forwards If he show s any signs of shock, he should be nursed in eith e r the prone or semi-prone (coma) position
Fractur es of th e n eck and spin e again may be divided into stable ones where there is no injury to the underlying spinal cord , and the unstable fracture. where the cord is either damaged or in jeopardy . If ther e is any obvious deformity, or any sign of loss of sensation or movement below the line of fracture , then utmost care must be taken in moving the patient, and the procedure laid down in the First Aid Manual should be adhered to rigidly. A movement that must be avoided at all is forward bending of the head /trunk, and this consJderat ion must be borne in mind particularly when extricating
( Continued on page 30 )
NEW APPOINTMENT
M R E. B O L OW OO KE R S, Assistant Superintelldent
Nigeria Police and D istrict Staff Officer, St. John Ambulance, has been seconded to the St. John Council as full time Field OrganiseI'. He took over from H.Q. Officer, Mr. S. O. U. / gbe and it was appropriate to change the title at this time. Mr. Olowookers has taken an active part in St. John work since 1958 (with the Nigerian P olice Force) and is a qualified Lay I nstructo r.
HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF CANADA and Prior of the Order of St. John inaugurated the splendid new H.Q. for the Province of Quebec. It was built through the generosity of an anonymous benefactor. Picture shows G £lard of f{onour Ambulance Cadets. An Taylor
FIJI
THERE IS A CLOSE FRIENDSHIP and affiliation between Fiji and London District. Deputy District Commissioner Mr. Derek Fenton was instrumental in presenting Fiji with a stretcher. Picture shows the Superintenden/-inChief, Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock, watching a demonstration of the stretcher in use.
A D AY IN THE L IFE OF VATUKO U LA wi th M arjori e, Countess of Brecknoc k
This is the way in which the news-sheet headed the pictorial record of the Superintendent-in-Chief's visit. Other pictures of her overseas tour appeared in the June issue, but this item has a special significance.
District Starr Officer B. R. MAHARAJ, and his family spent six months in the U.K. during which (in addition to three months study course of Training Techniques at the Royal Institute of Public Administration), he undertook nuny public duties.
There has been a long and close association with London District and our colJeagues in Fiji. Gifts have
been exchanged. So this time when our fellow member was returning to his homeland, Deputy District Commissioner Mr. Derek Fenton was instrumental in presenting Fiji with a stretcher.
FIJI has. what is probably a unique record that. out of a population of 500.000 there are 2,000 adult and 3,000 cadet members. On his travels Mr. Maharaj visited a number of countries including Malta, where the Commissioner, Colonel Abela, presented him with a Golden Jubilee Medallion.
THE USE OF casualty simulation and realistic staging is now taken for granted. / wonder how many people remember the days when a label tied to the "casualty" was the ollly indication of the condition and how terrified they were when they came across their first real case.
Photo Works
OL O WOOKERS
Picture shows Brigade members dealing with a road "accident" watched by the S/lperintend ent-in-C hief.
"Unaccustomed as I am "
By Mrs. J. F. LAFFERTY, Area Staff Officer, South Western Area, London District
It is about 17 years ago that I was first asked to talk to our local Church Fellowship about the Order of St. John, and to give a demonstration with my newly-formed Division.
A few weeks ago I was asked to come again to give a talk about the Order to the same group I used the same notes that I had prepared all those years ago- and that I have been using allover the place ever since. Happily only one of my audience was the same as last time, and when it came to question time , I asked the first question for once- had he remembered that I was repeating myself? He hadn't!
Like the man who coined the phrase " Unaccustomed as I am to Public Speaking " I am speaking with false modesty. I , personally , am very accustomed to public speaking, although, strangely enough , I am very seldom called on to talk to my own St. John colleagues
It usually starts with a phone call. " Can you come and talk to our Young Wives/Mothers ' Union / Women s Institute / Housewives Circle?" (Don't the men have any social meetings- or don't they care for a lady speaker ? ) "I will come if I can," I reply "What do you want me to talk about?" "Oh , First Aid ," they reply. My heart sinks , "What else can you talk about ? " "Well, for a start, the History of the Order of st. John ," I say. Or I used to say, now I have learned wisdom- the word "History " takes them back to school days, so I have learned to re-phrase it a bit. In fact, like most women , I can talk about almost anything (possibly not with much authority!) given sufficient time to do a little research into my subject.
Why does my heart sink when they ask for a talk on First Aid? Because I know only too well that I cannot possibly hope to teach any worthwhile First Aid in the 45 minutes or so that are usually put at my disposal. However, since I always start off with a little " prevention is better than cure," I live in hopes that some of my words may fall on fertile ground The talk usuall y goes down in the programme as "First Aid in the Home ," but once this led to amusing complications
The Secretary of one of the local Women's Institutes rang to ask if I would talk on First Aid - with a date about 15 months ahead. I agreed Then she rang again to say that the Committee thought the members might not turn up if "First Aid" was mentioned in the programme -could I give an alternative title? I suggested my first love- History of the Order. Back she went to the Committee, but they felt the members should have good done to them by stealth, and they should have the talk on First Aid, but under another name , please. So I came up with "Your Home is less Safe than the Public Highway," which seemed to suit them.
By the time I was due to give my lecture, I had completely forgotten what I had agreed to call the wretched talk! Because I felt I should at least make some small remark that would tie up the title chosen with the actual subject. Walking into the hall the first person I set eyes on was my doctor's wife. "Thank goodness I've seen you ," I exclaimed. "Can I look at your programme and see what I am supposed to be talking about?" "I haven't got my programme with me ," she replied , "but you are talking about First Aid in the Home , aren't you?"
So much for our elaborate attempts at disguise! Fortunately they were a good natured lot, and I was able to tell the story against the committee with great glee, and everyone enjoyed the joke, which set the scene nicely for the rest of my talk. Still , I can forgive this group a lot, because they are the only ones, to date. 14
who have asked me what my fee is! I said " A donation to St. John ," but if I ever get ask ed again , I shall state a sum , which can still be given as a donation , but I shall ask for more than the half guinea that I usually get!
I have also been asked to find another title for "History of the Order," and I came up with "1,000 years of healing. " I don t know if this was such a good idea, because on this occa sion there were a lot of empty seats! Maybe there was a lot of illness about just then - I do remember it was in the winter. I also remember that one lad y fell asleep at the back - a nd this often happens
I used to think I wasn t holding the interest, but I have noticed it is usually the v ery elderly , or comparatively young ladies who succumb. We can forgive the very elderly, who do tend to nod o ff very easil y, and when it is a young mother , I guess she hasn t had much sleep with the baby at night , and I am happy she can catch up on a few minutes So I console my self that if I am not stimulating, at least I am soothing!
Since it is not possible to teach much of the F.A. Manual in a short evening, I try to keep my chat as light as possible. But I am beginning to wonder if I succeed too well- I have just had a letter from the la s t meeting I spoke to. After thanking me for an interesting and helpful talk , the Secretary went on " without exception we thought it was also one of the mo s t humerous that we have ever had!" ( h er bad spelling , not mine! )
In case I should get too full of my own importance , I have my own personal "deflater " in the shape of my husband. "This group has asked me back for the fourth time, " I told him with some pride . " I reckon they are making a nuisance of them selves ," he said , " they only ask you because it is so difficult to get speakers in the afternoon! " However , I know the cheery little Cockneys at this Church , and he doesn't. They wouldn ' t take all this punishment from the same source , even if the Committee decr eed it. Or would they ? Is it a case of " Better the Devil you know ?"
Still , the l a st word must go to the Church Fellowship that started me off. One lady told me how much she had enjoyed the History , and did I talk about anything else ? "First Aid ," I started. "Oh , no ," she said , " we re all too old for that, our families have grown up ." I onl y hope that the elderly husbands and wives , grandfathers and aunts realise this , and don ' t go and do anything inconveni e nt, like having a stroke, or fracturing a femur!
King Edward's Hospital Fund for London Annual Report 1968
Are the mentally handicapped babies born in this country faced with a lifetime of custodial care in large institutions?
Can productivity agreements be implemented in the hospital service?
What can be done to help the drug addict or the alcoholic towards rehabilitation?
Is medical leadership the key to successful hospital management ?
Should more old people be looked after in their own homes , or in small special homes planned for them, rather than in hospitals?
What training should be given to nurses so that they can undertake the top-management posts now available to them?
It might appear difficult, at first glance, to see the relevance of this random selection of questions to the work of the King's Fund or, to give it its full title, King
Edward s Hospital Fund for London. But an y one reading the King s Fund Annual Report for 1968 will quickly grasp that the search for answers to these and numerous other questions is essential to the Fund s present work.
Any organisation concerned with improving practice and standards in a changing society must change as needs change.
This is particularly true in the context of the health and welfare services. Today the realisation of the basic concepts of the National Health Service is influenced by a combination of economic, social , technological and scientific factors. Advances in scientific and technical !rn0wledge make possible dramatic new developments 10 health care but social and economic restraints limit what can be achieved in practice. Moreover, they pose ethical and organisational problems of great difficulty. It is against this background that the Fund s work should seen and assessed- as part of a continually develop109 programme related to change.
A change of emphasis and approach in the Fund's work has been clearly necessary in order that it should contribute constructively to the future.
Despite the fact that financial provision for the National Health Service is a government responsibility, there remains a vast need in the hospital and health services that the government cannot satisfy fullywhether for equipment, or building, or education, or research. To this need the King's Fund, with its wide resources , is in a unique position to contribute.
And to do so " it must primarily concern itself with minds of men and. for that purpose, must ask questions, must ventdate ideas, must stimulate intelligent and informed discussion , must postulate solutions; must also, within that general context , teach."
Last year the King's Fund made grants of over £215 500 to hospitals (both independent and National Health Service Authorities), and to voluntary organisations , including St. John and Red Cross , Joint Committee Hospital, Scio House, Putney. The grants cover an even wider field, such as the Council for Music in Hospitals , a hostel for relatives of patients in Broadmoor Hospital, help for centres for drug and alcoholic addicts , the study of nurse recruitment methods and the nutrition and health of old people (See Bookshelf, page 5).
Enquiries to: Miss Cecily Collier , P.R O., King 's Fund , 14, Palace Court, London , W.2.
WITH COOKS IN MIND
"KISEL" (pronounced Kisselle)
This is a very popular Russian recipe which is made of fruit , but no gelatine is used in its preparation. There are three consistencies- fairly stiff which is served cold; semi-stiff- served hot in a fruit dish; and liquid-to be served as a sauce.
It goes beautifully with rice , or poured over pancakes. Served cold on its own, it is a very refreshing summer dish.
STRAWBERRY OR RASPBERRY KISEL
Ingredients: 1 lb. strawberries. 4 oz. caster sugar.
METHOD
2 tablespoons cornflour. t pt. water.
Hull and wash the strawberries and rub through a sieve. Place the sugar and water in a heavy saucepan, dissolve it slowly over low heat and then bring to the boil.
Blend the cornflour with 3 tablespoons cold water and add to the boiling syrup; stir well and bring to the boil again. Remove the pan from the heat, add the strawberry puree, blend well and chill. Serve cold with cream.
(Printed by courtes y of the British Su gar Advisory Bur eau).
NORTHANTS
Thrapston Cadets
P icture s h
(l. to r.): N IC CP
ANNETTE GEO R GE, DAWN WHITE, BOBBI E BR AY and SGT.
P ETE R ELLME R who were presented with their Grand Prior's Badges by County Nursing Superintendent MISS M. HULL at an "Open Evening" for parents and friends at Thrapston H.Q. i n J uly.
Cyril E. Diamond
BERKSHIRE
MERITORIOUS SERVICE CERTIFICATE
AM BULANCE MEM BE R BILL STEVENS, one of the crew of the Abingdon St. John rescue patrol boat, was awarded a Meritorious Service Certificate in recognition of his action in saving a small boy from drowning. The incident happened Last year. When the chiLd feLL in the boat wellt as close as possible but because of rocks it could not have got in close enough. Bill, f1l1ly clothed, dived in alld rescued him. Bill started his St. John career as a Cadet. He has now transferred to the adult Division. In private life (if any St. John member has such a thing), he is the SOIt of S.A.C. C. J. Stevens, with the R.A.F. in Abingdon, and employed at the Abingdoll branch of Ivor Fields photographic business. The preselltation was made by the Commander for Berkshire, Brigadier T. E. D. Kelly, at this year's annual inspection.
SURREY COUNTY REVIEW
LT.-GENERAL SIR WILLIAM PIKE, Director-General and Commissioner-in-Chief, St. John Ambulance, handing the County Colour to Haslemere Ambulance Division. The Colour is heLd for aLternate years by Eastern and Western Divisions in the County. Last year it was heLd by Dormansland and LingfieLd Ambulance Divisions. (Below). THE LADY MOYRA BROWNE, Deputy Superintendent-in-Chief, inspecting the members of the Nursing Divisions at the annuaL Surrey County Review.
SURREY COUNTY REVIEW. Group picture of Presidents and Vice-Presidents. Also Dr. Rolston, Mrs. Gristock, Mrs. Coulstock, Mrs. Railing and Mr. Rex Percy.
All pictures by Geo. Nalder
Golden Hamsters
Your Golden Hamster is descended from the family of one female hamster and her 12 young discovered in a burrow near Aleppo in Syria in 1930. These were the first to be found alive since before 1880. In 1931 some of their children were brought to Britain but America did not know of them till 1938.
CHOOSING YOUR HAMSTER
When fully adult a good golden hamster should be about 5in.-6in. long with reddish-brown fur on the back and whitish belly and feet. When the hamster is very young, this brown fur is a "mousey" brown in the golden variety. But there are white, piebald, cream, and many colours got through cross-breeding these days, though, they are still all Golden Hamsters The best way of choosing any young hamster is to look at its ears which should be covered with lots of silky hairs. As a hamster ages, these hairs disappear until, in an old animal, the ears are quite bare and shiny. Size is nothing to go by. You can easily be sold an undersized adult for a young hamster unless you examine the ears. When buying, examine the eyes and make sure they are free from tumours. A healthy young hamster has a plump, well-conditioned body with soft, thick fur. It should be without scars or sores of any kind. Even if these heal, you may find your hamster too nervous to make a good pet. Both males and females make good pets, though a female is old at 2 years while a male lives up to 4. For a very young child a male is probably better since the female can be peevish when in season.
HOUSING YOUR HAMSTER
Cages sold in shops are often too small and made of metal which can be cold in winter. Wire bird cages and aquarium jars are not really suitable. Hamsters are rodents, though not related to rats, and must gnaw to keep their long teeth in trim or they may die from starvation. Cages should be made from hardwood at least t in. thick. The grocer or greengrocer can supply a suitable box at least 24in. x 12in. x 9in. deep; with a hinged lid and one long side replaced by a glass panel this will make a good pet cage. No sleeping compartment is needed. A good ball of hay- straw is too cold and coarse and cotton wool can cause severe constipation-will keep your pet warm. A layer of sawdust on the floor will keep it clean. Hamsters are such clean, odourless animals that they can be kept in any room. They can
Mice can cause diseases in hamsters if they get near their food. They should not be kept in the open because in the wild they are used to an equable temperature and dislike English weather. When very cold, they hibernate likelthe dormouse, looking quite stiff and dead. They should be left to waken naturally, but some dry food should be left in the cage in case a warm day or night revives them Cages need be cleaned once a week only, the damp corner being changed as necessary. Hamsters store more food than they eat and their store should be cleared every week. Do not move this food daily or you may make your pet mistrust you.
KEEP HAMSTERS SINGLY
Alway s remember one hamster, one cage if you want to enjoy your pet. Males, females, or male and female kept together often fight fiercely, particularly if they are good breeders. Litters should be sexed and separated into their groups when 4 weeks old or they may breed offs pring which will grow up weaklings. The groups will be all male , or all female. These groups should live happily together until they are around 8 weeks, when they should be separated and caged singly. Hamsters are happier living alone as long as they are given something to keep them busy like cotton reels , nuts, paper, etc. Plastic toys are dangerous.
FEEDING YOUR HAMSTER
In the wild state hamsters probably lived on cereals and insects The best basic food is a dampish mash made from small puppy meal to which is added a variety of table scraps - bits of meat, boneless fish, egg, cooked bacon rind , cheese, pudding, porridge, etc. This should be balanced with green food such as a rabbit eats, along with chicory, lettuce, broccoli, etc. , fruit and, in winter, raw root vegetables. As a change from mash- which is disliked by some hamstersquaker oats, baked bread, dryish bread and milk, maize, or mixed corn may be given with the usual greens, etc. Nuts, raisins, cake, etc., are welcome tit-bits and can be very useful in settling a hamster in. Chocolate is not good for animals and can cause death. The packet hamster food containing whole oats is not to be recommended and is much more expensive than buying maize by the pound. A hamster needs about a tablespoon of mash plus greens, etc. fed daily , preferably in the early evening. Some dry food should always be in the cage since hamsters like to eat when the mood takes them Milk or water should always be given in a small heavy pot such as is used for face cream.
BREEDING HAMSTERS
When kept warm hamsters will breed all the year round, coming into season every 4-5 days, but the true breeding season is April to October. The female carries her young
LANCASHIRE
CORPS OFFICER , TRAINING, MR. R GIBSON, staged an e m erg ency "call-out" of members of the St. Corps to deal with 29 "victims" injured when a bus overturn ed. Since th e shut-down of the Civil Defence Organisation this type of emergency ex ercise has become even more important. It was estimated that the trapp ed passengers and the injured could be re leased and treated in 75 minutes. Our members excelled themselves b y completing the operation in 55 minutes. A future larger exercise is planned. Undoubtedly, it will be equally efficient, both from the planning and the execution points of view.
Mrs. CATHERINE AYDEN RETIRES
Mrs. Ayden gained her initial First Aid Certificate in 1938, and her first Home Nursing Certificate in 1939 . Became Cadet Officer, Benhall & District Cadet Division in 1942. In 1946, Mrs Ayden was promoted to Cadet Superintendent and held this office until she retired in 1969.
Following the recent annual inspection of the Saxmundham Combined Adult Division and the Benhall and District Cadet Division at the Market Hall, Saxmundham, tributes were paid to Mrs. Ayden s outstanding work for St. John.
Dr David Ryder -Richardson , President, presenting her with an inscribed barometer on behalf of the Adult Division , described her as the " guiding light of the Division ," and remarked that " every village should have a Mrs. Ayden in their midst."
A presentation of a silver-plated fruit bowl on behalf of the Cadet Divi sion was made by Mrs A. Aldous , their President, who spoke of Mrs. A y den 's devotion to that Division and her enthusiasm for training.
Mrs. Ayden , who was made a Serving Sister of the Order in May, 196 2, was , during the la s t war , a member of the local Mobil e First Aid Party
GOLDEN HAMSTERS Cont
16 da ys and us uall y begins to sho w increased size about the tenth day. The average number born is around 8 and she should not be lifted or worried once she is in kindle . If getting sufficient food and milk , the babies only leave the nest after 18-21 day s though they start eating after 5 days. During this important period the mother 's food should be nourishing and include table scraps; small pieces of carrot, lettuce, dry quaker oats , etc. should be given. These the mother will arrange around the nest. Should the mother not get s ufficient food and milk she may eat her babies Hamsters should not be bred from until at lea s t 14 weeks old . The female is us ually too old for breeding at 12 months and should be res ted between litters to recover from the strain of feeding her young
HANDLING AND SEXING
Hamsters from reputable breeders should not bite. To pick up place your hand gently over the back and lift with the head facing the wri st. Do not place your hand beneath or poke your fingers at a hamster. They are shortsighted and may mistake you for food. The more they are handled the tamer they become. If used , gloves should be light-coloured; dark gloves can scare an animal badly. Ham s ter bites are not poisonous though any wound should be washed and dressed for safety . Hamsters can be easily sexed if you remember one rule: the male organs are a distance apart while the female are close together.
SICKNESS IN HAMSTERS
If you keep your pet warm and dry in a cage large enough for exercise and balance its food properly your hamster should not be ill. Hamsters bought from a shop should always be given mainly greenfood and fruit, with water or milk to drink, for the first few days. Quite often these animals are fed on corn only for convenience and , unless given greens, etc. can suffer severe constipation followed by diarrhoea. Should this happen to your hamster take it to the nearest R S.P.C.A. clinic or veterinary surgeon and give him the above details. Take it off all food for 24 hours giving water only until you can get advice, or you may lose your hamster.
Issued by the R.S.P.C.A., 105 Jermyn Street, London, S.W.1. 19
OBITUARIES
It is with the deepest regret that we announce the deaths of the following members of the Order and its Foundations and offer sincere sympathy to their relatives, colleagues and friends:
Dr. Mary Ainscow, Dame of the Order.
Nursing Member Mrs. M. Aslett, Worthing Nursing Division, Sussex
Miss Edith L. Bath, Southbourne Nursing Division Hampshire.
Mrs. Bayley, joined Spencer N.D Northampton lD 1934 and transferred to Sheffield A Division in 1937 of which she became Superintendent.
Mr. Percy Cornelius Bennett, A j Sj O, Southern Area Staffordshire .
Mr. Edward G. Butcher, founder member of the Halstead Ambulance Division, Essex
Mr. Oaude Ivan Bull, Commissioner Matabeleland Rhodesia , Central Africa ,
Mr. WilHam H. Collis, founder member of Ross Ambulance Division , Gloucestershire.
Mrs. Elsie M. Dobson, a member of the Withernsea Nursing Division , Yorkshire N .R. for 29 years.
Miss Betty E. Gee, recently transferred from the Beverley (N.R. Yorks .) Cadet Division to the Nursing Division.
Mr. W. J. Holar, a member of the Hampstead Ambulance Division for over 50 years.
Mr. John H. Hunt, formerly of Main Colliery and a member of the Brigade in W R. Yorkshire for nearly 50 years.
Mr Fredrick C. Hutchings who was Superintendent of Mlllbay Ambulance Division for many years. Also class secretary S.J A.A. Pl ymouth British Rail.
Mr. William Member, No. (15) East Ham (London Dlstnct) Ambulance Division after 60 years service in the Brigade. '
Miss Margaret Moorhouse, Asst. County Superintendent (N), Yorkshire , N.R.
Mr. Walter F. Rigley, Divisional Superintendent llkeston Ambulance Division, Derbyshire. He joined the Division in 1912.
Mrs. Gladys Rowley, founder of the Bentley Yorkshire Nursing Cadet Division. She was a of Brigade for over 30 years.
Mr. Anthony Saunders, Divisional Superintendent C158 Parkside A IC Division. He joined the as a Cadet in 1949.
LORD PRIORS ORDER OF ST. JOHN
Cont. from page 6
Pictures Oil Page 6 show (l e ft), THE LORD CACCIA at the Gen eral Assembly , Mansion House, St. John's Da y , 1968.
(Top right)
LORD WAKEHURST investing MRS. MARIE LOUISE DE ROTHSCHILD as Associate Commander Sister at the Jul y Inv estiture , in recognition of her services (over 25 years) to the Brigade and to Girls' Clubs and old people's welfare in the East End. She is still President of the Bethnal Green Nursing Division which she formed after the last war. She also formed a Nursing Cadet Division in Exbury.
(Above). ARMY DEPT. NATIONAL FIRST AID FINALS. The winners in action - C.D.E.E. PORTON men 's team. Capt. N. Terr y, R. Norton, S. Nicholls, P. Sheppard. Mr. F. Mason was the reserve , not in the pictllre.
RIGHT MAYOR TAKES SALUTE AT MAIDSTONE ANNUAL PARADE
WI NNE R S OF THE NATIONAL F IRST AI D FINALS in act ion.
M r E. Tunnell (Capt.), Messrs. W. Cov ington, C. Bridgman and C. S m ith. M r . M. Gray was the reserve.
(Left). WIN ERS OF THE WOMEN'S SECTION IN ACTION. N.C.O.S.D. BARLOW. Mrs. C. Lord (Capt.), Mrs. I. McCartn ey, Mrs. M. Pullan , Mrs. M. Walk er. Mrs. Smithson was the reserve.
COUNCILLOR E R NEST ROGERS, Mayor of Maidstone, took the salute at the Annual Parade following a Service in All Saints' Church. Picture shows some of the St. John Ambulance contingent. Many other voluntary and ex-service organisations took part.
Eye Techniques and Why
By R. H. P. FERNAN D EZ, S .B. S t.J. , M .D. , D.I .H. , Regional Medical Officer,
C.E.G B., South Western Region
Introdu c ti on
In 1968 I reviewed the cau es of accidents treated by First-aiders and nurses at selected power stations. The eye was involved in 35 per cent of these.
V is ual Acuity
The visual acuity is the measure of a patient's ability to see. It is usual for each eye to be tested eparately. though there are methods when both eye are tested together. The clarity of sight for distant objects is the one usually measured. However, the ability to read or to see objects in the peripheral margins of sight may also be te ted. The outer limits of the latter are limited by the eye socket bones and nose ina normal eye.
A special chart on which are printed different sized letters is required to measure accurately the distant sight. This is placed 6 metres (19ft. 7in ) from the patient who IS asked to read the smallest seen printed letters. These letters are arranged in lines each with a distinguishing number. When the number is sixty, thi infers that the patient has read the letters which a person with normal eyesight can read accurately when positioned 60 metres from the chart. It is recorded on the patient's notes as 6/60. Other readings are 6 / 36 6 /2 6 6/18 6/1'26 / 96 / 6.
The top number is the distance the patient is from the chart, the bottom, the distance a normal sighted person can just see these letters. If a patient makes one mistake, this can be shown by writing minus one after the fraction
The chart must be kept clean and be well lit. Mistakes are avoided if the right eye is always tested first. This result should be recorded first, followed by the left eye's assessment. If a chart is not available, the patient's ability to see distant objects should be compared with the tester's own.
21
Apart from emergency eye irrigations, the measurement of the visual acuity is the first technique that should be carried out when handling an eye complaint. You may feel a fool when you try and test the acuity of a patient with a glass eye, but it certainly increases morale.
One eye specialist tells his house surgeons that if the visual acuity is not recorded on the patient's notes it denotes that the doctor in charge was not trained at a good eye hospital.
It is no use padding an eye and asking the patient to make his own way if the amount of sight in the other eye is inadequate for safety. This is vitally important in the case of car drivers or cyclists.
T h e
History
The tale the patient tells often gives a clue to the d iagnosi. The obvious example is when a chemical has entered the eye. The treatment in this case is immediate irrigation of the eye with water or other specified solution if available. Knowledge regarding the name, concentration and the time interval between irrigation and the entry of the chemical into the eye is invaluable to those treating the patient. lot so obvious is the help given to Fir t-aiders by the following types of histories.
Case
No . 1
A man asked a First-aider to examine his right eye because he could not see clearly At first , the Firstaider thought the eyes looked normal. He then saw that the pupil of the right eye was very much larger than the left. The patient could give no reason why this should have happened. There was no history of injury, no pain in the eye and the patient would not admit
MaidslOne Gazette
HANTS
THE HON. MRS. S. R. CUBETT, County Pr esident, opened the new Eastleigh St. John Ambulance Divisions' H.Q. Picture shows presentations of bouquets following the ceremony. The Mayor and Mayoress, who were present, have become auxiliary members. The acquisition of these H.Q. (the first permanent home of the Divisions), was due largely to the result of the Mayoral Appeal.
to any eye treatment. Correctly, the First-aider referred the man to his family doctor. The doctor had seen this condition before and after stern cross-examination, the patient admitted three days previously to having placed in his eye some ointment prescribed by an eye clinic for his six-year-old son. He had done this because the eye felt sore. The ointment contained atropine which enlarges the pupil. When this happens the sight becomes blurred Unfortunately, it takes about a week before the pupil becomes normal.
The moral in this case, is only to use medications which have been prescribed for a specific illness and to throw them away when they are no longer necessary.
Case 2
A First-aider was consulted by a fitter who had felt something fly into his eye. On examination, the eye looked normal and surrounding objects were seen clearly. The First-aider decided that as he could find nothing abnormal in the eye, the foreign body which had entered the eye must have left without causing damage.
The following day, the patient's eye became painful. He consulted his own family doctor who arranged for his admission to hospital where a foreign body was discovered inside the eye. The only clue which might have made the First-aider suspect this condition was the history. The fitter admitted he had been using a chisel and obviously any flying particles hitting the eye would do so at high speed-sufficient to penetrate the eye. Hence, even though the eye appears normal in every way, whenever there is a history of the eye being hit by high-speed flying particles, then only those who are very experienced can decide whether they have not penetrated the eye.
Case 3
A man asked a First-aider to treat an abscess in his lower lid. The First-aider saw an obvious septic spot or stye but was horrified to see that the whole of the skin surrounding the eye was red and very inflamed. He decided that the patient had a virulent infection involving the area around the eye and immediately sent the patient to his own doctor. Again, the doctor had seen this condition before. On questioning, the patient admitted to bathing his eye with water in which some boracic crystals had been added. The reaction around the eye had been caused by the skin being sensitive to boracic. The cause of the abscess was a stye.
The moral is never use boracic to bathe an eye. It does no good and can cause harm. The way to bathe an eye is to thickly pad a piece of wood (the old fashioned wooden spoon is ideal) and dip the padded end into a bowl of boiling hot water. This is held as close to the eye as can be comfortably tolerated. It should be dipped into the hot water when cool and the practice continued for 10 minutes. It is usually recom22
mended to be carried out three times a day. More often may cause the tissues around the eye to become sodden. It is a very comforting practice to spoon bathe the eye when it is inflamed.
Case 4
A first-year qualified First-aider, who dreaded handling eyes, was asked by a patient to see whether something had entered his eye. The patient stated he could feel something there, although he could not remember exactly when it entered. The eye was reddened, but the First-aider could see no foreign body. Because he was not sure of the diagnosis, he asked the patient to see his own doctor who asked the following questions: "Were the lids stuck together when you woke in the morning?" The patient answered "Yes." In view of the fact that he could see no foreign body, he diagnosed conjunctivitis, an infection of the eye. When the vessels of the conjunctiva are enlarged they give a similar feeling to the lids as if there is a foreign body present.
The First-aider was correct in referring the case to the doctor, but enquiry regarding the history might have given him a clue as to the cause.
Removing a foreign body
Those who have treated many cases of foreign bodies in the eye, quickly acquire the knack of everting the top lid. The well-trained First-aider always everts the top lid first before inspecting the bottom. The reason for this is that if in the process of everting the upper lid, a foreign body is dislodged and slides down behind the lower lid, it is detected when this lid is inspected.
When an eye is examined to detect a foreign body, the strongest light available should be used. It should be directed diagonally from the side of the eye. An Angle Poise Lamp is ideal for this purpose.
Before deciding that a foreign body is not present, the eye should be examined with the aid of a magnifying glass.
Sterility of Eye Drops
Eye drops which have become contaminated by germs may cause a roaring eye infection resulting in blindness. It is, therefore, vital that when eye drops are used, they are in an absolute sterile condition. When in doubt, obtain a fresh supply.
Though many First-aiders are loath to deal with eye conditions, experience has shown that First-aiders handle simple eye conditions very efficiently. It is often said that lack of looking, rather than lack of knowledge is the most frequent reason for not diagnosing eye conditions. To this should be added lack of talking to the patient, for often the history gives the clue to the cause of the complaint.
(By courtesy of the author and "Ambulance Bulletin," Journal of the Electricity Council).
NORTHERN IRELAND
H.E. LORD GREY OF NAUNTON, Governor of Northern Ireland and a Knight Commander of the Order of St. John. inspected cadets at the Ballymena Show. He was accompanied by Area Commissioner Dr. W. N. Jones, Area Supt. (N) Mrs. F. A. Morton and Area N /0. Mrs. R. A. Neely.
CHESHIRE
COLONEL R. OLLERE SHAW, District Commissioner, inspected over 250 members of the Brigade from POYllton, Macclesfield, New Mills, Congleton, Wilmslow and Hazel Grove at Poynton. The MACCLESFIELD NURSING DIVISIO were presented with the Illgham Cup for the highest rate of recruitment in 1968. The Mayor and Mayoress of Macclesfield and the Chairman of the Parish Council and Mrs. Bowers were present.
SALOP
SHAWBURY NURSING CADET DIVISION won the No.9 Region competition this year. L. to r.: Pauline Manley, Janet Jones, Lynne Rothwell, Shirley Mantle and Jane ManIon.
Shrewsbury Chronicle
G. Baker
Stockpon Adveniser
__ --=
Brigade Finals -1969-Results I
(W.R. YORKS.).-Dewar Shield, Hingston Rose __ =§ = and Trimble Shield. - 2. REDRUTH (CORNWALL).--Symons Eccles Cup.
LABOUR BOARD (LONDON), for Ellis Cup. Awarded to team leader with highest individual marks.
DUNGANNON AMBULANCE & NURSING DIVISION (N. IRELAND).Copland-Griffiths Cup awarded for smartest uniform.
SHIRLEY (LONDON). - Won the Grosvenor Cup for uniform .
NETHERTON (WORCESTERSHIRE).-Gai ned the Mountbatten Trophy for highest marks in the team test.
SOUTH BELFAST (N. IRELAND).- Won the bedmaking trophy-the Mountgarret Cup.
AMBULANCE CADETS
1. CEFN CRIBBWR (WALES).- White Knox Cup, Jarvis Cup and the Barne Cup.
2. DUDLEY (W ORCESTERSHffiE).--Schooling Cup.
3. GRIMETHORPE COLLIERY (W.R. YORKS.).-Pownall Cup. LEWES (SUSSEX).-Gained the Lowe Cup for uniform.
New Zeruand Cup for with I
3. BINGLEY (W.R. YORKS.). - The Tweedale Trophy and the Pownall and
STARTING A NEW DIVISION
Billingham Ambulance Cadet Division co. DURHAM
§ B y Divisional Superintendent ALAN CAIG § S711
Forming a new Division is not an everyday occurrence but it may inspire others to take on such an adventure by reading about how it happened to me.
So there was I, standing in the middle of this posh hotel in Harrogate, about to start what was to become a great adventure. King George VI Memorial Leadership Course, February 1967, and I was scared stiff, and terribly shy. The course went well, and I took particular interest in the " Rai sing a Division" exercise.
I had not a clue as to what a BF7 , or a BF12 were, until I found myself filling them in. The make-believe Division was raised and was a success.
On the train back to Tees-side I realised how easy it would be to raise a Cadet Division , if only people would co-operate, just like the exercise. I joked with two nurses I was travelling with when I said that we could all raise a Cadet Division at nearby Billingham, where no active st. John unit existed.
A couple of weeks later I found myself telephoning the local Council asking about the possibility of a grant, and asking County Staff Officers whether I would be allowed to start my own Ambulance Cadet Division.
After months of planning, obtaining permission from the Commissioner to go-ahead and a promise of a £40 grant from the Council, I was sure that it could be done.
A First Aid Programme was drawn up in case some silly boys were daft enough to join; I worked out exactly how each meeting would be run, starting with a collection of the weekly subscription of 6d. and a weekly cleanliness inspection, followed by First Aid Training, and ending with a few games.
Every single minute of every single meeting was planned out long beforehand in every detail, so that I knew exactly what I would be doing at any given time.
I persuaded two friends of mine (who were Ambulance members with less than one year's service, just like me), to give me a hand in teaching the new boys I expected. I was all set.
I bought four dozen printed leaflets from Stores , and the Council printed (free of charge) 1,200 leaflets advertising the first meeting. These were sent to every school, youth clubs, ladies ' clubs, working men's clubs, and the Council's own notice boards around the town a fortnight before the first meeting, arranged for October 11, 1967, at 7 p.m.
The County Staff Officer for Ambulance Cadets had to suddenly cancel his acceptance of my invitation to come and say a few words, and so I was left to make the very first speech of my St. John career without any expert guidance.
Nineteen boys turned up on the first night, and I was delighted. I was also very, very shy and timid, but I found that I was easily able to speak to the new recruits without having to look at my type-written speech at all, because I made up what I had to say as I went along.
25
I explained what the Brigade was, what it does, and how the Cadets come into it all. First Aid, Home Nursing, Cycling, Swimming, all the favourite Proficiency Subjects, and the social side was strongly put forwardFootball, Cricket, Table Tennis, etc., etc. And, I stressed that they would be required to render First Aid at numerous public functions, which seemed to make them realise that First Aid was important, and that the Cadet movement was worthwhile and enjoyable.
A fake accident was arranged, and dealt with by a local Cadet Competition Team, and they used lots of artificial blood, which went down very well. After this, there was a cup of tea and bi scuits, during which time the boys' names, addresses and ages and hobbies were taken, and then they were taught two arm slings to give them just an inkling of what First Aid is like.
The following week the number dncreased to 27, and steadily on until 43 boys were on the register, with a regular attendance of about 24.
Crisis! The Hall we hired at lOs. per week from the local Electricity Board had to be given up, just as we were getting into our stride. Aha! There is an Ambulance Division for the I.C.I. works in Billingham , who get their hall and equipment free of charge. I approached them and I.C.!., and was given free use of their hall. We had a Flag Day for a Division which was still not officially in existence, as the First Aid examination had not been taken, and we raised £97, which was collected through a combined effort of the Parents Association (which was just starting to become the fashionable thing for the boys ' parents to be in), and the Great Ayton Division who very kindly travelled 15 miles in their ambulance to help.
We now had some money. We moved into the Community Centre in August 1968, and paid a fantastic rent of 36s. a week. This unit is far too small, and isolated, I thought, and so I advertised in the local press for a willing young nurse to help me start a Nursing Cadet Division, and I got one. In September , 1968, the proposed Billingham Nursing Cadet Division was started, with 60 girls clamouring to join, and 30 boys wished to join the Ambulance Cadet Division, which had been as a proper Division .the previous May, with 10 Cadets, and one Super. ThIfty girls and the boys were recruited, the residue being put on a waiting list.
A further Flag Day in October, 1968, raised £120, which gave us our rent for the following year. A lot more money-raising was done, and the rent was paid out of the General Account. £80 of the Flag Day money was put into a building society where it still lies.
We now have 17 Cadets (Am bulance), one Divisional Officer, Geoffrey Gladders, who has given. an immense amount of help and ideas, and we are savlOg extremely hard for our own ambulance. And we will get it!
The first Competition Team of the Billingham Ambulance Cadet Division entered the County Round of the National Competition for First Aid. and won. The same teW} entered the County Youth First Aid Competition sponsored by the Association, and won. But it is strange, although the Cadets win at First Aid, they have lost every single game of football.
The Division put on a demonstration of handicrafts at the Cadet Rally on July 20 for Princess Margaret, who graciously consented to autograph a table cloth embroidered with the Cross of St. John, prepared by the Parents' Association. And all within one year of registering the Division, which is not bad, even though I say so myself. We also have a President and a Surgeon, who help greatly.
To any young member who finds he is not getting anywhere in the Brigade , I would say start your own Division, it's not as hard a it may seem. To this very day, the weekly meeting is planned in minute detaiL and the weekly programme is planned months and months in advance. That, I think, is the secret of this
(Continued overleaf)
Dear Mrs. Richards,
In South Australia the St. John organisation not only provides the normal voluntary services allied to sport, parades and other activities, but it also provides the ambulance service. To assist in this work it has a subscribers' scheme whereby, for a small annual contribution, free ambulance service is provided.
One person who recently contributed is an elderly lady who migrated from England in February last, and with her SUbscription she sent the following letter:
"Dear Sir,
It gives me great pleas ure to send this coverage for the next two years. I had an unusual kindness shown me at Tilbury Docks, London, in February this year by the St. John Ambulance ladies.
I suffer with arthritis of the spine and most of my bones I guess are affected, but I walk and do my own work, etc., and I thank God for all this.
But to walk and carry one 's luggage is not easy and these two ladies, one senior and one trainee la ss, came up and offered me a ride in one of their chairs. It was bitterly cold, snow everywhere at the time; I was tucked in with a rug and off we went. At the Customs my passport was taken in by the senior lady and she got everything checked for me. Then I was wheeled onto the wharf and then up the ramp or steps-two strong sa ilors came and carried the chair and me to the ship's deck, then I was wheeled again to my cabin by these two wonderful Good Samaritans!
I did feel it was really wonderful and they sai d it was a pleasure and a courtesy and kindness they were privileged to give to folk a bit di sabled as I am.
I felt very humble.
I had always been going to join, but when your letter came today, I felt I wanted to Jet you know just how very much I have really felt and appreciated this kindness and love they showed me, as I am over 70.
Wishing you all the best in whatever work you undertake. I DIPS MY LID or my hat- and say you sure have the respect of the world for the work you do."
Thanking you, Yours faithfully, (Mrs.) L. H. NICHOLLS.
As you can realise it would be impossible for me to find out the names of the St. John nurses who heJped this lady and my only recourse seems to be to send you the transcript of her letter with the suggestion that you may care to publish same. I hope that by so doing the nursing members in question would be able to know of the gratitude of a lady who is now so far away from them, and who, because of their kindness, was most willing to support u s here.
Very sincerely yours , P L. FE RRI ER, (Manager).
E DITOR. -Will the Good Samaritans please make themselves known. 1 had the pleasure of meeting some of the members on duty at Tilbury two years a/?o when we covered the "Sunshine Cruise"-most St. John members are friendl y, but they went out of th ei r way to be h eLpful. It is with great pleasure that the abov e tribute is published.
Dear Mrs. Richards ,
On reading with tremendous interest, in the July issue, the article on "Cold Water Treatment of Burn s and Scalds," by William Thomson, I feel I must mention, if not for interest sake, then for the sake of those not convinced, an incident involving my four-year-old son.
Whil e reaching up to a table he had the misfortune to pull on to himself a very hot cup of coffee and scalded his chest.
Acting at once I picked him up and held him under a running tap until the pain was relieved. With in a few hours even the "redness" had completely disappeared and he showed no signs of any ill-effect.
I often wonder what those who can't be bo thered to learn would have done in the same situation.
Yours sincerely,
J. O . HUNTER, Ambulance Driver, Coventry.
Dear Madam ,
On browsing through some editions of St. John "Review," I noticed in the May issue, that Newtown & New Mills Ambulance Division, Cheshire, put in 765 hours of public duty in 1968. Before we have others endeavouring to get into the Guinness Book of R ecords, it should b e noted that Whitstable Combined Division , Kent, with 18 active members, carried out 5,792 hours of public duty during 1968. This, of course, was not our best year. We have already had a pep talk, and this year we all intend to pull our socks up .. . or stockings.
Yours faithfullly, M S. BENJAMIN. Div. I Supt. (R). Whitstable Combined Division , Kent.
D ear Mrs. Rich ards, I must thank the St. John Ambulance for the wonderful help we , the optical societies, have received from these , the present-day representatives of those most noble knights of old.
Apart from spectacles donated by units from all over the country, a pleasant surprise came our way last week.
Divisional Superintendent L. F. Painter and the Parents' Association , Farnborough, Hants , Cadets, ran a jumble sale of which proceeds half were donated to us. We will use this to our spectacles overseas
It may please you to know that now over a million pairs have passed in and out of "Hinstock."
Thanks , again, St. John's.
Yours sincerely, ALBERT BAILEY , Christian S. Missions
STARTING A NEW DIVISION Cant. /rom page 25
Division. We all, Officers and Cadets, know what is going to happen at each meeting long before we get there , which I consider is of prime importance.
We do duty at a local Old People's Home, and visit old people in their own homes; attend a Children'S Cinema Matinee each Saturday morning , when there is usually one bloody nose. At Christmas we sing at the Old People's Home , and hand out gifts to them.
Bragging or not , I think this Division is successful, even though I have still a lot to learn about youth leadership, but this is something that is learnt as you go along. Form-filling I also learned as I went along, so do not let that stop you.
EDITOR.-As mentioned in previous issues of the R EVIEW the Division has started th eir own Newsletter - I hope they will double their subscriptions to the nationaL magazine to cover the free publicity-eve n if I pinch th e ir mat erial..
HERTFORDSHIRE
Making a Splash
(Right) ST. ALBANS CADETS FI RST TO GAIN PRO FICIENCY CE R TIFICATES IN CANOEI G Picture shows the stage of "learning how fa paddl e "
The four cadets, Sgt. K. Pow e ll , Cpl. A. Ba xter and AmbuLance Cadets J Donoho e and P. O 'Ca rroll , passed the test with flying coLours. The course was run under the auspices of the British Canoe Union at th e H er tfordshir e Young Mariners' Bas e, Cheshunt.
(Left). PART OF THE TEST INCLUDED capsizing the canoe and bringing if to land. Pi cture shows A I C. P O'Carroll making a good job of it. St. John AmbuLance great Ly appreciates help and encouragement given by mall}' orga nisations , individuals alld the press.
CAMBRIDGE
Cherry Hinton
Divisions in aircraft "Disaster' ,
(Right). AT MARSHALL'S AIRPORT this yea r a full sta ge disast e r exe rc is e was staged by the Cherry Hint on, Cambridgeshire , Divisiolls Pictur e shows: "Dead and wounded" being remov ed from th e wreckage after a mid-air "c rash" between a transport plane and a jet fight er.
Cambridge News
Problems disappear on the Complan course
The elderly have a lot of problems. Often they get dispirited , feel drained of energy and can't be bothered with food . Why should they, when their teeth and are poor, their appetites noneXistent? Tea and soft toast fills them up But it's not nourishment, and they become too tired, too depressed to face their problems. Complan breaks the vicious circle. gives the elderly complete nourishment, in less time , with less effort, than it takes to make tea A daily cup of Complan provides nutritional balance in pleasant - to-digest form. on Complan, faces steps sprightly, and problems don t seem qUite so bad.
The nurse, the top first-aider, and the most effective doctor have one thing in common. They have the a bility to gain the patient's confidence and by so doing relieve the patient of all unnecessary worry and anxiety. I have no doubt that such confidence can develop into a will to the chance of complete recovery.
This abIlIty m a helper to gain the patient's confidence may be a natural gift in much the same way as the stubborn refu al of some persons to s uccumb to the most deva tating injuries or illnesses may be an innate trait of character. B ut for . people, whether helper or patient, such qualItIes need to be fostered and developed with very great care. They are, of course, pnceless and therefore worth all the effort that can be put into achieving them.
Fort unately. they are not difficult to acquire or to Impart If advantage is taken of realism in training and the fullest use is made of experience as " casualties" in such realistic situations. It is essential that would-be helper at whatever level sh?uld be able to identify themselves with the pam, loss of control of life, loss of security and the problems that arise when injury intervenes in a busy and responsible life.
Having ex.perie?ced this as a "ca ualty" in a number of the helper will no longer be obsessed WIth a casualty's immediate and o b vious injury, but will find himself able to care the needs of the inj ured person in their entirety -mdeed for the injured person him elf .
Attention to the injuries will then take its proper place, and a dangerou , but perhaps extraneous, situation, which has been left unguarded by injured person, will not be overlooked. .the undischarged respon ibilities of the patIent wIll be cared for and this is essential bec.ause without them being attended to, the patient cannot hope to relax.
It is important to give scale to the worries and responsibilities of the individual patient. What would be of no consequence to one person may be an overwhelming burden to another. One must learn that one's own assessment of what is important does not matter, it is what worries the patient at that time that is important.
But it is not enough to get the scale rioht, nor to responsibilities of the patient. What IS essentIal IS to set the patient's mind at rest. Empty 'promises do no good because platitudes are unlIkely to convmce the patient. But, supposing
th ey did , s u bseq uent disill usion m ust h a ve a n even mo r e damagi ng effect on t h e t ru stf ul p atient. W e are ta ugh t in childhood that "Actions sp ea k than words " Her ein lies our c ue. T h e wntmg d.ov.:n of vital things like names, addresses, messages, tImes, essential tasks to be done etc will the patie:nt of helper's The of. oral in the hearing of .the p.atlent, mc1udmg the handing over of t h e wntten mformation, the growing confidence, but the reportmg back from time to time about action being taken and the positive res u lts, wIll trul y set the patient's mind at rest. R ealistic training in wh ich the "casualties" demand. such will p repare aiders to take appropnate actIOn. The "casualties" themselves will be even more by the adequacy, or not, of the response m terms of action, and from that learn how "to do unto other s as yo u would that they should do to you."
D o not w.ait to get your exp erience the har d way by aCCI d ent. Make it yo ur b usiness to get first hand know ledge as a "casualty" now. Casualties Union will help.
BOOKSHELF
Rescue Nursing
A training manual for mo bile nur sing an d resc ue sq uads. Pr oduced b y the Vict or ia D istrict, st. J ohn Am b ulance, A u str a lia. P rice 14s. The J oint First Aid Manual teaches you how to cope on your own. This manual teaches yo u how erve as a team at large-scale accidents and dIsasters. How to plan recep tio n of and transfer to hospital of cas u alties. Authors T. P eter Bu h and M. D avenport, Chief Nursing O fficer . (Continued overleaf)
1-1 !Pj
"Nurse tells me you've a query, Mr Higgins." Reveille
MANAGEMENT OF FRACTURES Cont. from page 10 such cases from vehicles and other hazardous positions. If not in danger, it is often far better to leave the patient in the vehicle until adequate splints and assistance are available, including, where necessary, the crash equipment now generally available to police and fire brigades for dismantling vehicles before extricating the casualty, but obviously, if the patient is at risk from further damage from fire or other hazard, then rapid extrication must be carried out in spite of risk of further damage. The first aider can be encouraged by knowing that instances of further damage are very rare, the majority of these fractures being sufficiently stable to protect the spinal cord from further damage, unless really careless and rough handling is employed.
Fractures of the pelvis are of first aid importance only when complications such as injury to the bladder or urethra are present. Modesty should be overcome, and one should always examine the private parts for the presence of blood discharging from the bowel or bladder, as this is a cardinal sign of such damage, but in all cases the patient should be advised not to pass water until his arrival in hospital. In a very unstable pelvic fracture, a firm bandage round the hips will often make the patient more comfortable for transport, but most of these cases are not in severe pain and can be moved after the limbs have been secured together, without risk of further damage.
Fractures of the upper limbs are often most comfortable in a large arm sling, with the arm bandaged to the side after a soft pad has been pressed between the arm and body. With a fractured collar bone, the pad should be somewhat larger, and placed well up in the armpit before bandaging the arm to the side.
Fractures of the hand and fingers should be treated by the boxing glove dressing, consisting of a pad, made from dressing if available or from a handkerchief, roughly the size of a cricket ball, pressed into the palm, and the hand bandaged into what is described as "the position of function" which is easier to remember as that used when holding a half-pint glass.
In fractures of the Lower limb, provided the fracture is of one limb only, the simplest and best emergency splinting is achieved by using the other limb as a splint, inserting padding where necessary between the two limbs, and preserving the normal contours, and allowing the uninjured knee to be slightly bent until the feet are bandag ed together-straightening the uninjured knee will then pull the fractured leg gently into alignment, and make the patient comfortable for transport.
For fractures of the femur, a Thomas's splint, if available, should always be used, and for fractures below the knee, inflatable splints now in common use have virtually supplanted the use of wooden splints, which are more usefully employed as fire lighters, since they cause discomfort and often distort the fracture, unless the padding is extremely skilfully done, but most cases will travel comfortably and safely using the uninjured limb as support. However, if both limbs are fractured and no proper splints are available, some form of fixation must be used which firmly secures the bones below and above the fracture when the fractured bones are in as normal a position as possible, and this means for a fracture of the femur, the splints must extend up at least as far as the shoulder and down to the foot, and for fracture of the tibia, it must be able to hold the foot below the ankle and the femur above, so that they are not able to move in relation to each other.
Fractures of the feet and hands are usually stable, and if displaced can seldom be reduced without anaesthesia. Therefore, in these cases all that is necessary is firm bandaging and support on a pillow for transport.
Turning finally from the major fractures, it is as well for the first aider to know that certain mir.lOr fractures may cause prolonged disability if not recognised. Chief amongst these is fracture of the scaphoid, a small bone in the wrist, which is often injured in an apparently trivial incident. This fracture should always be sus-
BOOKSHELF Cant. from page 29
The Knights of St. John
The first edition of the history of the Order by the late Sir Edwin King was published in 1924 entitled "The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.'"
The late Sir Harry Luke, Bailiff Grand Cross, Bailiff of Egle of the Order, revised and continued this fascinating work.
The book is attractively bound in scarlet with the Cross of the Order embossed in white and gold on the cover.
Published by The Order of St. John. Price 50s.
A GOOD UNIFORM
The St. John Story
By Joan Clifford
Published by Robert Hale at 25s. Jacket design by Biro.
The use of any particular appliance, equipment, medicament or preparation advertised in the "Review" is not necessarily endorsed for first aid purposes.
WIPE UP FIRST AID
A tea towel (7s.), printed on Irish linen with First Aid hints, is available from the Stores Department, Order of St. John, Priory House, St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C.l.
30
The White Cross in Canada
By Colonel G. W. L. Nicholson
A history of St. John Ambulance, the first definitive history of S1. John Ambulance in Canada to be published.
Available from St. John National H.Q .• 321, Chapel Street, Ottawa , Canada. Price: Cloth bound, £2 5s.; Paper, £1. Special presentation volume £10.
ST. JOHN REVIEW POSTAL FORM
To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John, 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1.
Please supply /r enew* St. John Review
pected when the patient has a painful wrist, and when holding a card or piece of paper between the thumb and forefinger causes pain, and it may be confirmed if there is marked tenderness on pressure in the anatomical snuff is the small triangUlar depression at the base of the thumb, seen when the thumb is stretched to its fullest, and so named because at one time it was customary to place one's snuff here before inhaling it.
Finally to summarise the points of importance: Complicated fractures demand treatment of the complication before consideration of the fracture. Open fractures will require surgery, and should be regarded as priority cases for transport to hospital. Unstable fractures should always be splinted before moving the patient, unless movement is imperative to prevent further injury. Stable fractures are usually made comfortable by simple means, and the main importance is to recognise the signs of fracture, so that the possibility of this injury is not overlooked.
commencing with the issue
I enclose 23/ - for 1 year
:: Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made == payable to Order of St. John.
Name
Address
Compiled by W. A.
Potter
ACROSS
Red Pal becomes itinerant salesman (6).
A scratch often produces relief in this condition (8).
Folds of tissue surrounding the vulva (5).
Invasion by disease producing organisms (9).
Colourful joints are source of vitamin C (4-4).
Cerebrum and cerebellum (6).
Prefix implying involvement of the whole universe (5).
Sound of normal breathing (9).
I rest appropriately for this complaint (9).
ComlOg after phosphorus skin irritation is very black (5).
A nice distinction (6).
Cause of anthracosis (4-4).
Drug providing temporary increase in activity of an organ or organism (9).
Before morning a vessel is in India (5).
Body without flesh and blood (8).
Defect of vision corrected by diverging len es (6).
DOWN
1. Rosey notice slips into narrowed outlet of stomach (7, 8).
2. Adulterates by using seabeds (7).
3. Web-like middle membranes of meninges (9).
5. Prevalent kind of fire (4).
6. Happen again as part of a sure cure (5).
7. Such an i njury should not cause alarm (7).
8. Irregulanty of common in children (5, 10).
9. Often a result of an lDJury to a lower limb (4).
14. Applications (4).
16. Opinion important in radiography (4).
17. Easily controlled bleeding (9).
19. Understand clearly and convert to money (7).
21. Bind as fowl for cooking (5, 2).
23. Give freely to a good one (5) .
25. Not normally a hot profanity (4).
26. Its appearance around bright lights is a sign of ocular disease (4).
ADVERTISEMENTSCLASSIFIED
ADVERTISING AGENTS
T. G. Scott & Son Ltd., 1, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.C.2. (Tel.: 01-242 6264)
FOR SALE
ORGANISERS OF BAZAARS AND FUNDS. We come both personal buyers and orders for our extensIve range of toys, stationery and ChrIstmas Cards at wholesale prices. Send for price lists. ALSO pre-selected parcels: L44 6d. Toys OR 72 Is Toys OR 38 1s. lld. Toys OR Selection Stationery OR SelectIOn Christmas Cards. Each Parcel 54s., plus 4s. 6d. postage. Two or more parcels, 6s. postage.-J. E THOMAS & SON (Culley) Ltd., 2a, Handsworth Road , London, N.17. (18)
"BALL PENS FOR FUND RAISING."-We supply die-stamped ball pens with your Brigade name, etc. at competitive wholesale rates.-THOMPSON & CREIGHTON, 202, Heaton Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 6. (24)
S.J .A.B. Badge Wall Shields, 35s. 6d.; SJ .A.B. Gold Cased Crested Cuff Links, 63s. Medal ribbons Is. 6d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform, 2s. each ribbon mounted on pin brooch; J?edals mounted 3s. 6d. per medal on brooch MInIatures quoted for.-MONTAGUE JEFFERY, Outfitter, St. Giles Street. Northampton. (4)
BALL-PENS, Diaries, Note Pads, Keys, Fobs, Pencils, etc., Gold-stamped Brigade name or Personal raise funds quickly--easily. Details-Northern Novelties, Bradford, 2. (22)
EASIER FUND RAISING AND BIGGER PROFITS. Free Christmas Card and Stationery Catalogues Free Extended Credit facilities. Generous discounts , Sales Bonus and Approval Parcel Service. Send for details to: TALISMAN GREETINGS LTD., P.O. Box 37, 3a Totnes Road, PAIGNTON Devon. (32) UP TO 300/0 DISCOUNT on branded CARPETS
WILTON, AXMINSTER, ORIENTALS, Etc. FREE U.K. Chinese Indian. Persian Carpets and Rugs a speCiality Expert fitting if required. Write stating or for introduction to showrooms-LONDON or MAIN cities DODSON-BULL CARPET CO., LTD.
Showrooms: 6 Old Bailey. London, E.CA Tel: 01-2487971 (10 lines) 83-89 Blackett St • Newcastle-upon-Tyne Tel: 20321 or 21428 55-61, Lever Street, Manchester I Tel: 061-236 3687/8/9 (I I)
3td. EACH! - PRINTED BALL POINT PENS. 144
Full-length Conway Stewart Ball Pens die-stamped in gold with your Brigade or Chanty for only 39.s. ; 144 Printed Sovereign Pencib (British) 39s. Please prmt your slogan. (Maximum 30 letters), and add 4s 6d. standard carriage.-J. E THOMAS & SON (Culley) LTD. , 2a, Handsworth Road, London , N.l7 (17)
GOOD FUND RAISERS from Airedale Press Ltd.
Have the S.J A. Emblem displayed on Pencils and Ball Point Pens, printed with 2/3 l,ines of Brigade details on British-made Rowney PenCils and Conway Stewart Pens. Write for Price Booklet and samples to Dept. F. P.O. Box 60, Mosscar Street, Bradford 3, Yorkshire. , (25)
CONWAY STEWART QUALITY BALL PENS , Diestamped with 33 Gold Letters and Spaces. 30s. a gros s. 6s. standard charge , post and packing any quantity . Three days delivery. Samples free. Sale or return . Full refund on pens returned. - ABBEY WHOLESALE 77, Liverpool Road , Stoke ST4 lAE. (36 )
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL
CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates accepted at the age of 17 to commence an J8 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped School of Nursing. candidates, on completion may enter the General Tr a ining School of their choice Comfortable Nurses' Hom e in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert H a ll , Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tenni s Court. Active Social Club.
Applications in writing to the Matron.
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL
CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l (8)
Vacancies exist for State Enrolled Nurses to enter for th e
Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing. Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing.
Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board.
Opportunities for promotion and practical responsibility in the specialist field of nursing.
Apply to Miss M. B. MacKellar, Matron. (26)
ROYAL ALFRED MERCHANT SEAMEN'S SOCIETY RESIDENT MATRON
is required by the Society f or the E ASTBOURN E LADIES' HOME (38 beds). The Home is situated close to the seafront a nd other ameDltJe s. Furni hed or unfurnished 2 -bedroom flat is available
The post is suitable for a marri ed coupl e, husband to follow own employ ment or po ss ibl e employment by the Society if required . C ommencing salary £ 1 000 p .a. (no deduction for board and lodging ) Application form s are obtainable from : D J. LAFFE RTY , M.B .E., O.SU. , General Secretary , Head Office, " Weston Acres," Woodmansterne Lane , Ba nstead Surrey. (Telephone : Burgh Heath 52231/2). (37 )
WEST CUMBERLAND HOSPITAL HENSINGHAM
WHITEHAVEN, CUMBERLAND
General and Enrolled Nurse Training
Candidates accepted at the age of sixteen for a Cadet Nurse Training Scheme in preparation for General Nurs e Training or Enrolled Nurse Training at eighteen years of age. Candidates also accepted at eighteen or over for either of these trainings. Good accommodation availabl e. Active Social Club. New District General Hospital on the edge of the Lake District. (38)
32
Due 10 our rapid expansion programme we require
YOUNG MEN
Safe, gentle and swift to healSavlon
'Savlon ' Liquid a nd ' Savlon' Cr eam are indisp e n s abl e to your fir s t aid kit. They ge ntly cl e an a way dirt , killin g th e germs that would infe ct th e wound. The antis e ptics in both produ ct s ar e powerful, safe. Th ey we r e di scove r ed by I.C.I. and are n o w u se d e xt e nsiv e ly by doctors and ho spi t a ls in thi s countr y and o ve rseas
'Savlon ' Antiseptic Cream 1/6,2/6,4 /6,8/3.
Savlon' Liquid Antiseptic 1/ 8, 3/ -, 5/ 1.
CI m
who have recently completed their schooling or who have already obtained retail experience J to take advantage of our comprehensive training programmes due to commence in September and November, 'OJ level education, Age 17 - 20, Salary according to age and experience,
Please forward brief details of education and experience (if applicable) to date,
D. C. Laimbeer, Tesco Stores Limited, Dairyglen House, Crossbrook Street, Waltham Cross, Herts.
TESCO for a really good job!
With Webb Ivory Christmas Cards, Sundries and Gifts
Make sure that this year your fund raising prof it s ar e out of this world . You are guaranteed a first clas s servic e from \'Vebb Ivory with generous profit margin s, prompt and efficient attention to orders, bonus paym e nts , exclusive card designs.
FUND RAISING SKY HIGH
Prepare for blast off- send NOW for your FREE full colour copies of the 1969 Webb Ivory Christmas Cards and Gifts brochures
Countless lives ha ve been savcd by the prompt actio n of trained Fir t Aid personncl. It s therefore essential that student s, whil t train ing, are cmotionall y prepared to !'<lce any emerge ncie s
PLAST I FOL Wound Replica s offer out standing o pportunilies in vi sual First Aid training , opportunities for practica in struction in treating an injury
The y are perfectly safe for th e demon str ator to u e, are quickl y attached to the skin , yet free movement is ro ss ible and treatment does not damage them. Ideal for demo nstration s and competitions. Build up a complete range for your team.
Send 1/ 6d. in stamp s fo r a co lo ur book let gi ving det ail s of all wou nds available, ca sualt y faking hint s and suggested incident s
BROWNING'S LYD.
D e pt. J. 69 , A be rd ee n S tr eet, Hull , Yorks h ire
NEW FROM THE BUTTERWORTH GROUP
NEW ADVANCED FIRST AID
by A. WARD GARDNER, MD, DIH and PETER J. ROYLANCE, MB, BCh
Recent statistics have sh o wn that a large number of injuries , s o me of them serio u s, occur in the h o me.
A gain, in m o dern indust ry, with its complex, highspee d machinery, injuries can a ll t oo easily take place, and many o cc ur every day on t he roads. This well illustrate d bo o k gives advice on the best steps to take in emergency situations until skilled medical ai d can be o btained The treatments are described in simple terms free from jargon and are easy t o apply This boo k will be of special interest to members of first aid organisations, med ical students , nurses an d d octors. A knowledge of first aid s p eedily applied can save lives and reliev e suffering 1969 288 pages illustrated 18s . net
BUTTERWORTHS-llIFFES- NEWNES 88 Kingsway, London
OFFICIAL ST. JOHN CAR BADGES
OOKI;\! ()
1II1111111111111111111n;
The tragic death of The HOll. Lady Gamage as the result of a motor accident in August came as a great shock one's sadness is tempered, however, by the knowledge 'that a person of her vitality and untiring enthusiasm would have suffered so much if she had been injured. I remember Lady Gamage over 15 years ago at the Royal Show when it was held at Windsor. There were we mud up to the eye-brows and yet she managed to remain immaculate in the publicity stand (built in the form of a Crusader's tent), and in spite of ploughing over to show visitors the exhibition caravan. Her friendliness and genuine warmth could not fail to reach everyone with whom she came in contact. She expected you to work hard but set an example by her own efforts.
MAINLY ABOUT PEOPLE
B.Sc. Honours Degree
NOEL McLACHLAN, Letchworth Ambulance Division Hertfordshire, gained an honours degree 111 Chernist;y at Manchester University. This achievement has gained him a grant to study for a further .three years for his Ph.D. from the Science Re search Council.
EVESHAM'S FIRST
PATRICIA BARRETT Evesham Division. has gained her Grand Prior's Badge the first Nursing Cadet in Evesham to gain the award.
WEYMOUTH TO WESTMINSTER
THERESA BURDEN, Weymouth ursing Division. was presented with a set of surgical scissors from her Division by Superintendent Mrs. 1. Bevan when she left to start a three years' training as a radiographer at the Westminster Hospital, London. JANE GIBSON, of the same Division, will be starting her training as a nurse at the same hospital. The best wishes of all members are extended to these two young ladies and the many others who take up medicine, nursing and allied professions. It is hoped that they will keep in touch and return to St. John when they have completed their needed them as Cadets- we need them even more with their specialised knowledge.
LONE INVESTITURE
D IS. HARRY NEWELL, Gaumont Ambulance Cadet Division , Bradford Corps, was unable to the Investiture in London Jast November due to Ill-health so, at a special ceremony, Major F. R Ingham, rman, Council of the Order of St. John, W R Yorkshire, presented him with his insignia.
HEAL THYSELF!
CPL. EDWARD RIMMINGTON was among the 70 cases treated by the Brigade during this. yea.r's City of Leicester Show at Abbey Park. Mr. Rlmmll1gton was knocked over by a horse and sustained a broken arm and bruises We hope that he has recovered completely but no one could blame him for being "ho rse-sl1Y" on a ny future duties.
2
ST. JOHN-A FAMILY AFFAIR
MR. ROGER HACK AND MISS JEAN MARION
BARTLETI were married recently farnham, He is a member of the Farnham DiVI Sion and bnd.e (a former champion hurdler) is the daughter oi DIVIsional Officer Mr. A. V. Bartlett.
HAPPY SURPRISE
MRS. AMY SHAVE retired l ast month after 31 years service with the Briga de Member of the Woolston Nursing Division, Hamp hire, of which she was Superintendent , planned a secret farewell party. Mrs .. wa pre ented with a rose bowl on behalf of the DIVISIOn and the Area Corps. She aid "My Lime w.ith St. JO.hn has been the happiest of my life ." A sent iment which will be echoed by many.
IN OUR THOUGHTS
Since the second attempt of a "war to end all. wars" there seems to have been an even more contll1u,?u conflict all over the world. In terms of human suffenng one barely dares to dwell on it. but the part. played by the voluntary organisations, often under very dIfficult conditions, still maintains the high standard of tbe motto of "without distinction of class, race or creed. The tragic situation in Northern Ireland has brougb t yet another tribute to the work that they do - qUietl y, efficiently and usually not noticed because "we are always there when the need arises."
WE DO NOT WISH TO BE PAID FOR OUR SER VICES BUT FIRST AID KJTS DON'T GROW ON TREES- SO, THOSE WHO HAVE CAUSE TO BE GRATEFUL, ALL OVER THE WORLD - MIGHT REMEMBER THAT THEY CAN SHOW THEIR GRATITUDE IN A VERY PRACTICAL WAYNOT JUST BY WORDS TO A REPORTER- BUT HAND IN POCK ET, HOWEVER LITTLE IF EVER YONE GAVE A PENNY ON FLAG DA.Y THE RESULT WOULD BE SENSATIONAL- even In these days. One is not ungrateful for the verbal thank s, these are much appreciated, but th ey do not buy essential equipment or keep the Ambulances on the road . NEW ROLL FOR TRAFFIC WARDENS
In Birmingham , Mrs. W estwood Mi.ss described by the Birmingham Evell lll lJ Mall Maids" qualified for their AI.d In August. They took the course In their time. As Mrs. Wes twood said: "Jf there .is an. aCCident, peopl e automatically turn to someone In uniform '" that IS why I think that all traffic warden should have some knowledge of First Aid."
1,000 HOURS SPECIAL SERVICE SHIELD
DAVID ET HERIDG E, Hith er Green Ambulance Cadet Division, has completed 1,000 hours voluntary service. Congratulations. The report in the Evening News was a little brief- for the " R eview," more details, please
SAFETY AND FIRST AID IN INDUSTRY
About 12 years ago when the editor was in the Pre ss Office, she went to see the Head of the Ind ustrial Section of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents in connection with their annual conference and exhibition - he thought she was mad. Their failure was our success. However, after "talks" it was agreed First Aid was the "second line of defence." From that moment the First Aid organisations co-operated very closely with all sections of RoSP A. We all need each other. Prevention and Cure. They go hand-in-hand. So, through the various branches the hazards in the home, in leisure activities, in "getting to work" and in industry and how to cope with the situation, if the worst happened, grew into a combined operation so that in October this year, in Birmingham , there is the first combined course followed in ovember with RoSPA and St. Andrew's Ambulance Association in Glasgow. Enquiries: RoSPA 22, Summer Road , Acocks Green, Birmingham, and 1 I, Bothwell Street, Glasgow, C.2.
FIGHT THE GOOD FIGHT
Since the subscriptions went up I have been wearing dark glasses- putting off opening the post until I had some moral and physical support and keeping ear-plugs permanantly in position-for fear of what I would see and hear. Response to appeal to keep up subscriptions so far are encouraging. A SPECIAL THA K YOU TO THE ORWEGIA ORDER OF ST. JOHN FOR INSTANT INCREASE IN SUBSCRIPTIONS (A ROU 0 DOZEN)- as we have never, to my knowledge , published anything about them this is a good booster. W. H. Smith & Sons, Strand House Branch have increa ed their order by 50 per month. plus an extra 50 for September.
Seymour Hall, London, "V.I OCTOBER 13-17. ot open to the public but St. John member have always been welcome. Sponsored by the Nllrsing Mirror. Information from Mr. Derek Page, Dorset HOll e. Stamford Street, London, S.E.l. Tel.: 01-928 3333.
TIlE HISTORY OF MEDICINE
This book has been written specially for the young reader- orne of us older ones will find it fascinating. "Yell illustrated and covers the period from prehistoric times to up-to-date techniques. Price 9s. 6d. (plus postage), rrom Ginn & Co. Ltd ., 18, Bedford Row, London, W.c.!. [t should be of particular interest to the many Cadet who take up medicine and nur ing as a career.
TALKING POINT
Why are people- some dedicated to kindness and consideration- unkind to people? Are they not really basically kind and considerate--do they, therefore, need an outlet ror their real feelings - not the windowdreSSing?
BRIERFIELD CENTRE OPEN FIRST AID COMPETITION
REVIEW 'OFFICE' CHAIN GANG
Strtk e Cfllfing Ol/t h/ock pl/lls for the Octoher ISSI/e.
A NEW TROPHY this year was a Ro se BowL pre ented by Mi s Kathleen Sumner (Coun t y Councillor for Lancashire) for the best team Captain's individual marks. It was won by MR. C WRIGHT. of the Lancashire Constabulary, BOLTON DIVISION
THE LUKE BROTHERS, with Vivian beillg assisted by Sub-Editor Zabadie. The Cadets were from the PaddingIon Ambulance Cadet Division. Un.fortunately there are /10 pictures of the yo ung men from the Edmonton A IC. Division , bllt the editor is gratefllllo Edward Kempton and Colin Hall, Wembley CI01, also two Ambulallce Cadets from Edmontoll. A few brief notes were lakell, bllt the editor would be glad to receive fuller details from the Officers in charge for publication - fullllames, sen ic e, proficiency certificales and ambitions.
GOING MAD
On the whole the REVIEW is more or less on time yet it takes a contributor * two months to write in and say that a piece was published "word for word" (he also wishes me a Merry Christmas ... ). If you do publish and be , word for word, it's wrong, if you don't 1 suppose you are still Can't win- just as well , keeps the letters going which is important. 0 get your pens to paper.
* (By-the-way no names no !)
THIRTY-FIVE YEARS AFTER SHE NEARLY DIED MRS. EVELYN SHANE met MR. R B. COYLES thirty-five years after he saved her from drowning. She was then only four and Mr. Coyles, a member of the Brigade in Cumberland, now in his 80 , met her for the fir t time since the accident this year when she returned to Whitehaven on holiday. The report in the Luton Evening Post states that Evelyn "died" for two hours and it was Mr. Coyles' prompt and devoted action that saved her life. He applied artificial respiration for two hours.
Diamond Jubilee
No. 13 (Croydon) Nursing Division
A Diamond Jubilee celebration supper has been arranged for Saturday, October 25, 6.45 p.m., at South roydon Baptist Church Hall, to be followed by a concert given by the D J. Singers. Tickets £1 Is. each and full particulars can be obtained from the Divisional Superintendent, Miss V. M. Blaber, 11 Lytton Garden, Wallington, or any member of the Division.
John Warburton
John Warbunon
GUERNSEY
THE LO R D PRIOR, THE LORD WAKEHURST, with the BAILIFF and the DEAN 0/ Guernsey conversing before an Investiture held in the Tawil Church , St. Peter Port ill Jlll y Lord Wakehurst also inspected the St. John Ambulance Headquarters and remarked " This must be one of the most completely equipped St. John establishments in the country." To consider only two of their activities, cliff rescue and the marine ambulance, this unit mllst be one of th e busiest ill St. John. Also a unit which is called upon to display courage , efficienc y alld devotion to duty to a far greater degree than any other unit.
A TRIBUTE TO THE LATE HON. LADY GAMAGE
THE T R AGIC DEATH of Lady Gamage in a motor accident in A IIgList wi ll be a sad l oss to St. John , 110t ollly in Berkshire, of which she was County Superintendent from ]943 to 1959, bllt to the Willdsor Nursing Divisioll , of which she was President. She was a member of the Assoc iation and Ophtha l mic Hospital Committees. Lady Gamage never undertook any activity as a figure-head. Her interest was keen and real. aile of her recent efforts was to raise the money n ecessary for bllilding th e Wi ll dso r N.D. Headquarters.
I n recognition of her services to humanity and St. Johll s h e was appoin ted a Dame of Justice of the Order.
Some Aspects of Nursing Care in Rheumatic Diseases
By I SABELLA M acRAE, R .C.N., S.C.M., Nursing Officer, The Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Glasgow
Reprinted by courtesy 0/ the author and the "Nursing Times "
Inhabitants of the lonely islalld Tristan da Cunha, who were evacuated to this country and who have now returned home, are the only human group on earth found to have no traces 0/ rheumatoid arthritis. This disease and other rheumatic conditions cause mankind an enormous amount of illness, pain and general disability, and although no drama attaches as in the transplant lVor/d, their study and care open up an interesting and rewarding field.
Rheumatism has been called the di sease that " kills the fewest, but cripples the most." It is a portmanteau term which includes all sorts of aches and pains - many of them under difTerent labels. A phenomenal amount of sickness and ill health is caused by rheumatic diseases and there are many condition s associated with them
The Centre for Rheumatic Diseases in Baird Street , Glasgow , carries out research and treatment in regard to a variety of rheumatic condition, in a building that was formerly used for infectious diseases
Ju t over a century ago Sir William Tennent Gairdner, regilt profe sor of medicine at the University of Glasgow and the first medical officer of health for Glasgow, initiated the building of the first municipal fever hospital in Glasgow to deal with the then prevalent infectious diseases. Thi hospital had 136 beds and was comprised of a wood pavilion on brick foundation During the time Lord Li ter was at the Royal Infirmary, cases of smallpox, cholera and gas gangrene were admitted and the hospital became known locally as the Lister Clearing House. The present building was erected at the beginning of thi century, and since then many disease s which affected the citizens of Glasgow have been dealt with.
In 1963 the interior structure of the building was completely modemi ed at a cost of £160 ,000 , but the familiar facade of the three-storey hospital remained unchanged. The development of the building into the Centre for Rheumatic Disea es makes it pos ible for research in rheumatic diseases to be carried out.
The ho spital was planned to accommodate 48 resident patient , but it is difficult to de cribe the location of the various departments owing to the difTerent floor level
The ward on the ground floor con ist of two five-bed units separated by a day room. On the fir t and second noors there are two 19-bed units connected by an open area compri sing a television space and nursing station, which is connected to every part of the flat by a light and buzzer system. The theatre suite and dental unit u ed for minor surgery are on the third floor.
The nursing staff at the Centre participate in research into the nature and cause of rheumatic diseases Generally, the treatment of rheumatic diseases hould be a matter for a team, the nurse playing an important role.
A brief outline fol lows of some of the conditions treated at the Centre.
RHEUMAT O ID ARTIDUTIS
Rheumatoid arthritis is a subacu te or chronic form of arthritis leading to gross changes and deformities of the joints and when severe can aiTect many parts of the body.
5
It is interes ting to note that so far only one group of the Earth's inhabitants have been found with no trace of rheumatoid arthritis, which is the best known rheumatic disease- they are the inhabitants of Tristan da Cunha who were temporarily evacuated to Britain after the island's volcaruc eruption.
O STEO ARTHRITIS
Osteoarthritis manifests itself a s a friction of cartilage following wear and tear on joints so that like the traditional " granny' s knees" they actually crick. It is also known to occur as a secondary condition after some injuries.
GO UT
Although gout is traditionally con sidered a joke, it can cause utter misery to the sufferer; the disease is inherited and is the only rheumatic condition in which crystal s of uric acid are accumulated in the body.
RHEUMATIC FEVER
Rheumatic fever is a condition u ually found in children and young adults; although comparatively mild nowadays, it can eventually lead to cardiac disease
DISK DISEASE
Of all the rheumatic conditions di sk disease is the most common cause of loss of work among men employed in heavy indu try. Disk trouble can give rise to lumbago, sciatica, pain in the neck and arms: it can appear without any apparent injury.
THE P ATIENTS
The rheumatoid patients are different in that they are greatly incapacitated by their deformities and this calls for an enthusiastic programme of rehabilitation The patients are referred to the outpatient clinic from other consultants in the region rather than directly from their general practitioners. Numbers of patients , however, are sent from their general practitioners when there is clearly a diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Male and female patients with an age range of five to 80 years are admitted to the hospital for asses s ment.
The procedure of admitting the patient varie slightly from that of other ho pital The patient is bathed and after this the weight and height are recorded A specimen of urine i obtained and thi s is tested for sugar and protein only The temperature , pulse and respirations are taken on admission and if they are normal there is no need for any further record. The blood pressure is taken and recorded and a further check is done once weekly, but if the patient i on teroid therapy a daily check is taken
A most of the patients admitted are on some type of salicylate treatment, three specinlens of stool are obtained on consecutive days for occult blood testing Routine samples of blood are taken by the resident doctor and these are sent to the various departments. A great deal of research is carried out in the immunopathology department of this ho pital and specimens from many parts of the We t of cotland are studied. Routine tes tingofsomeofthis hospital's pecimens are carried out in four mall biochemistry laboratories within the building
The medical history is taken by the resident doctor and later the patient is asse sed by the consultartt physician as to (Continued 011 pag e 7)
Conversational avoidance and syrupy sympathy by the public at large, enhances the many surmountable fears felt by a stroke patient. This was the experience I found. A convincing air of optimism, and some straight talking, particularly by near relatives, did much to help me on the road to recovery.
I had a severe cerebral hemorrhage in December 1964, which left me comatosed for 14 days. This resulted in complete paralysis on my right side, and a slurred speech. No hope of any improvement was apparent.
By far the worst experience was the complete sense of hopelessness and frustration, which I felt. I was, by prof&ssion , a musician. Furthermore, careerwise, I had become a successful holiday-camp manager of a large, full catering establishment. Being on 47 years old, I had, therefore, an awful lot to lose.
My first thoughts were suicidal. These foolish tendencies were slowly dispersed by the friendly optimism of the doctors and hospital staff, whose devotion and dedication ever remain imprinted on my memory. This unhealthy state of mind was finally quashed by the "to ugh" methods of a male nurse when one day I told him of the way my thoughts were turning. Tight-lipped, he pulled the curtains around my bed. Then, pulling the bed-clothes from me, he grabbed the front of my pyjama coat, and stood me alongside my bed, like a ventriloquist's dummy.
"That's what you'll be doing in a month's time!" he exclaimed sternly, as he put me back to bed. He then produced a notebook and sitting on the side of my bed, said, "Now, let's write down why life isn't worth living , and then we'll write why it's worth living."
Needless to say, the last list was much longer. Unorthodox? Maybe, but he left a very foolish , but thoughtful patient. From that day, I never looked back.
I progressed and finally went home. Very immobile and afraid, I was received by an apprehensive family. The evident conversational avoidance of these terrible but common afflictions in the past was now showing its effect on the household.
Physiotherapy, as an out-patient, was the next step. For the most part, patients in the waiting room exuded an air of gloom and despair. I found a danger of pessimism and complacency among them. The common complaint was the recovery time lapse. However, one's own determination plus the air of optimism, which flows from the medical staff, soon left me in no doubt that my first impressions did not necessarily apply to all stroke cases. The reason for hopelessness amongst my fellow patients became apparent to me, a mere layman.
If the patient didn't concentrate on the affected limbs, during the set exercises, the therapist, in my opinion, might just as well have exercised the shirt sleeves. Correct concentration during the movements I found excruciatingly painful. Many patients adopted the non-concentration method, thereby prolonging their treatment, and increasing complacency.
With tongue in cheek, I will tell you of a method which certainly helped me. Sitting alone in my room, I wondered what would happen if I concentrated on the movement of my left limbs instead of the affected right ones. With my eyes closed ,' I lifted my left arm to the horizontal position, 6
concentrating on this and as uming that my right arm was following suit. For about 15 minutes, nothing happened. Then, my right arm started to move up. In a short while, it was level with the left arm. Within an hour, I found that thi method worked with all my affected limbs. But, immediately T opened my eyes, my paralysed limbs became non-functional.
However, persistent practise made the parts independent of my closed eyes. So, T achieved these movements, without any pain. The process halved my physiotherapy course . Although I was a long way from recovery, all my limbs were moving.
To further help my movements , I bought a rowing machine. At first, my balance was precarious. Now, after four years, I am an adept performer on this machine. At the present time, my 15 minutes rowing machine, and 15 minutes vigorous limb exercises daily, are an essential part of my routine. I seem to feel my circulation going after this. I returned my wheelchair after a week, and can walk without a stick. There is, however, a caliper on my right leg.
Perseverance with my right hand has enabled me to type , to write, and to eat a boiled egg with the affected hand . Furthermore, J have driven a Wolseley 16/60 Automatic since July 1965.
In April 1965, I resumed my duties as a holiday-camp manager. This presented some difficult!es, as my programme called for a lot of public speaking. Particularly, as in May 1 had built up over the years many hundreds of disabled holiday-makers. Although my speech was slightly slurred at the beginning, daily practise in front of a mirror soon eradicated the faults. Fear of facing crowds was my biggest worry. Persistent self-discipline and perspiration conquered this within six weeks.
However, I had to think of my future health. So, I gave up management of the camp a few months ago. I found the business pressures were becoming too much. Now, I view with excitement a new career in my original love, as a writer.
Probably my hardest task was to give up my daily pint. I have been a strict teetotaller since the stroke. The Arst six months was hell. From then, it is no problem, whatsoever. Indeed, I have spent more hours in pubs since my stroke than before-only drinking soft drinks.
A further consolation was that the proAts in the holiday camp were the highest during my post stroke years.
May I add one small point, which has been of immen<;c importance to me. I carry my daily dosage of tablets in a small snuff box. I never have the uncomfortable doubt as to whether or not I've taken my daily allotment.
I write this. primarily, to endeavour to help others in a similar plight, but also to give a sincere slant to our doctors from the bedside.
The care of my local hospital, Bideford, and the help and devotion of my local doctors, gave me the necessary will to rl'!cover, facing a new life with great hope. MY MOTTO FOR THE FUTURE IS: WHAT CAN I DO WITH WHAT I'VE GOT LEFT!
FlASH BACK
Bob brings hope to the disabled, page 20
SOME ASPECTS OF NURSING CARE IN RHEUMATIC DISEASES
Cont./rom page 5
which course of treatment would be most s uitable. The eyes are examined by an ophthalmologist soon after admission and if the patient is on steroid therapy a close watch is kept for any changes such as cataracts and thinning of the sclera. The two important needs of the patient are rest and exercise at the right time and using the proper methods. As was mentioned before, the patients are very often crippled and disabled, and they also become emotionally upset. It is important therefore that the nursing staff are compassionate and understanding in their attitude to these patients.
THE NURSING
The nursing of the rheumatic patient is important and a great deal of patience is necessary. Patients are very often slow of movement and they cannot be hurried.fMany small tasks have to be carried out such as combing of hair, putting on and taking off slippers and helping the patients in and out of their dressing gowns.
All patients are kept as ambulant as possible, but if the patient is confined to bed for any length of time all pressure areas must be carefully attended to. Rheumati c patients are prone to pressure sores owing to restricted movement and deformity of joints. Bed-cages are frequently used to ease pressure on the lower limbs and it is important when bedmaking that the clothes do not restrict the patient's movements. The nurse's task is made easier by the many aids available in the hospital and beds can be adjusted to various heights to make it easier for the patients to get in and out. Nurses must be gentle in their handling of the patients as very often they are sore to touch and patients on steroid therapy bruise easily.
We find that the patients tend to be stilT and sore in the early morning and the night nurses have to be particularly careful as the lack of mobility could result in a fall. A physiotherapist gives a form of class physiotherapy in each ward daily to encourage movement and to aid rehabilitation. Drug therapy plays a great part in rheumatic diseases and especially so in our Centre where research is carried out on
HELP THE DISABLED
IN OCTOBER A WEEK , spollsored by the Central Council for the Disabled, was organised. Obviously, as melltioned in the September issue, this help is not limited to a week. Pi ct ur e shows members of St. John ill Warwickshire where they make a special effort at every Royal Show for handicapped people. Different areas n.eed a different approach - get the non-First Aiders, nonnurses, but people who can and want to help. DOIl't forget the car ow n ers, gardene rs and emplo yers. Offers of h elp to 34, Eccleston Square, S.W.\. Tel.: 01-834 0747.
John F Hughes
various drugs. Each patient has a prescription chart and this is kept in the form of a Kardex. The drug is ordered and signed for by the doctor and when given is signed for by the nurse.
Visitors to the hospital often express surprise when the nurse is giving out drugs as the bottles on the medicine trolley containing aspirin preparations are very large. Small bottles would not be practical when as many as 12 of these tablets can be given daily to a patient.
Under research programmes special tests are carried out in conjunction with drug firms and it is important that the nurse knows the nature of the test in order that she may collect specimens of urine from the patients at stated times. Drugs can also be given by intravenous infusion and a careful watch must be kept on the patient's reaction.
SURGERY
Surgery can sometimes be effective in the care of an arthritic joint. Operations have been found to be particularly effective in the elbow, the knee and the metatarsal joints of the foot, restoring painless mobility to patients. Postoperative care involves observations of plasters which are put on in some cases to immobilise the limb until sutures can be removed. The blood pressure and pulse are noted frequently after operation as there may be blood loss from the wound under the plaster. After the plaster has been removed individual physiotherapy is given.
I feel that 1 am very fortunate in that the nursing staff at the Centre are enthusiastic and interested both in the welfare and nursing of the patients and in the many research projects undertaken at this hospital.
At present the nursing staff consists of registered general nurses, State-enrolled nurses and nursing auxiliaries. A few months ago we joined with the Royal Infirmary in forming a pilot scheme for the Salmon structure and in 1969 we hope to participate in pupil nurse training in conjunction with the other hospitals in the group.
By opening a Rheumatic Centre in Glasgow the Western Regional Hospital Board are ensuring that the attack on rheumatism will continue to gain ground.
(Above) SUSAN RANDALL, MARGARET FRANCIS AND CAROLINE SIMO S "take the cake." Susan and Caroline had just been presented with their Grand Prior Badg es. Susan, (now a Corporal) has been a member for seven years-since she was eight. Caroline, a Sergeant, joined five years ago. Margaret is also a Grand Prior Cadet.
(Right) AMANDA HOLROYD holding the Junior Cadet Cup for efficie nc y. The presentatiolls were made by Councillor Ralph R ey n o lds , Chairman, Bushey U.D.C. Among the six n ew Cadets enrolled during the even ing was GILLIAN BRIAN (11) which means that eve r y m e mb er of the Brian family is in St. John.
LONDON DISTRICT
BUSHEY
HEATH
NURSING CADETS
A DAY TO REMEMBER
DEPUTY COMMISSIONER DR. IAN MACKENZIE pr esen ted awards during the annual inspection of the High P eak Corps at Bu xton. Pictur e shows: (Above) Councillor Mrs. D. Lodlow r eceiving h er badge as Pr es ident of th e Buxton Nursing Division
(Right) AMBULANCE CADET DAVID FLETCHER (Harper Hill Division) receives his Grand Prior 's Badge.
DIVISIONAL
DIS. JOHN MOORE of Pe akdal e Ambulance Cadet Division rec e iving his Service Medal from Dr
Graphic Photos, West Hens. &. Watford Observer
Graphic PhotOs, \Vest Hens. & Watrord Obsencr
Graphic Photos, Wesl Hens. &. Walrord Obsl:J'wr
(Left) ELIZABETH SMlTH was awarded the Sports Progress Trophy, donated by the Treasurer, Mr. S. Hughes.
Buxton Adveniser & Herald
Buxton Adveniser & Herald
(Above)
OFFICER MRS R. GRIFFIN (Whaley Bridge Nursing Division) was presented with a hal' to her Service Medal.
(Right).
Mackenzie.
Buxlon Advertiser & Herald
The Problem of Resuscitation
By Area Surgeon C. J. P. SEC COMBE, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Western Area, London (Prince of Wales's District)
Scene.
There is Resusci-Anne nicely blown up on the floor and the Examiner says, "Please treat this patient who uddenly collapsed at the football match."
The candidate will choose one of four methods:
1. A lecturette is delivered with the minimum of action.
2. Oral resuscitation is applied and continued until patience is lost with the examiner.
3. Cardiac compression is applied until patience is lost wi th the examiner.
4. A more or usually less complete drill of oral resuscitation combined with cardiac compression is applied.
Resuscitation techniques have been in use for some years and still there is no general method in use as one used to see with Holger Nielson or with Schaeffer's method.
Since the procedures are sound, the teaching must be bad. The main reason for the bad teaching is the fragmentation of the subject and a failure to introduce resuscitation as a complete programme of help to the casualty.
Resuscitation is not used only for asphyxia but is a necessary step in the treatment of every serious casualty. It has a much wider meaning than artificial respiration. There is as much risk of further damage to the patient from a partially obstructed airway as there is of death from a completely obstructed airway.
Adequate oxygenation of the tissues is vital to tissue survival. Hyperbaric oxygen has been shown to increase the 'chances of survival of badly mutilated tissue.
The essence of resuscitation is examination followed by appropriate action; checked by repeated examination which may then require a variation in the plan o/action.
It starts with the control of bleeding , the provision of an adequate airway, the correct positioning of the patient and may proceed to exhaled air resuscitation and on to cardiac compression. The examination decides on the priorities and which steps may be omitted.
In the patient, who is breathing, but who has suffered an illness or injury which may result in vomiting, e.g. a fractured skull, head injury, severe abdominal pain, a stroke, of compression or concussion a three-quarter prone position may save a life. The head should be positioned so that the airway is clear with the head extended.
Any casualty who has been or is unconsciou s and is retained in an upright position by his car seat belt must have the head gently supported in the extended position. A head allowed to flop forward will have a restricted airway with its risk of subsequent chest trouble.
If on examination it is found that the patient is not breathing then artificial respiration is called for. If the heart is not beating then as a general rule respiration has also failed. The exception can be in electric shock where an arm to arm current can shock the heart into standstill. Before deciding on the method of artificial respiration, certain points must be borne in mind.
A. Sylvester's method, which has a tidal flow of about 1,050 CCS, is not used in:
1. Stove in chest.
2. Fractured arms.
3. Fractured spine-if recognised.
B. Mouth-to-Mouth, which has a tidal flow (dependent on the relative vital capacities of the donor and recipient of exhaled air) may .vary from 1,000 to 4,000 ccs. It is not used in:
4. Prussic acid poisoning.
Caustic burns of the face.
Severe injuries to the face.
Certain industrial poisons, e.g. Acryl Nitrite (never) Benzene (Never inhale-great care needed).
Exhaled Air Resuscitation
In using mouth to mouth certain precautions must be stressed and are of vital importance.
1. You must not work in a dangerous atmosphere, e.g. a room clearing of gas.
2. You must not fill your lungs from an area contaminated by the exhalation of the patient.
3. It must be safe for you to work on your patient, e.g. beware of electrocution.
Great stress must be laid on the following points:
1. The correct position of the patient and the operator.
Mouth-to-Mouth may have to be done on land or water or with the patient on his side but in each case the head must be adequately extended. Correction of the airway itself may encourage spontaneous breathing in the patient.
The operator should choose to kneel opposite to the shoulder midway between the heart and the no se.
The patient's head should be rotated by placing one hand on the chin and lifting. The fingers of the other hand grasping the soft part of the nose with the heel of that hand maintaining the sniff position by pressure on the forehead. In the normal weighty body there is no difficulty with this.
Putting the hand under the nape of the neck, although occasionally helpful, wastes time as the hand has to be moved to open the mouth. It is the lightness of the doll that appears to make this manoeuvre easy. It is not a method that should be practised.
2. Speed is the most important factor.
That first whiff of air may save brain damage.
The lecturette has no place in the practice of resuscitation. There is no time to waste on arranging the dress or position of the patient.
There is no time to waste in clearing the airway because:
(a) An airway obstructed by a foreign body unless obvious is a rarity.
(b) It is often possible to blow past the obstruction.
(c) If a foreign body is dislodged further down the trachea a whole lung or more may be freed of obstruction which, with modern treatment, can be dealt with later.
That first whiff may save a life.
Air should only be blown into the lung until the chest is seen to rise. Continuation will fill the stomach with air. If resuscitation is continued for some time then a hand should be placed on the stomach to evacuate any air trapped in the stomach.
When the chest rises the operator must disconnect to allow the patient to exhale and must turn the head above the patient so as to fill the operator's lungs with clean uncontaminated air. Indeed in certain gases, e.g. Benzene Poisoning, the operator may be advised to stand up between puffs in order to ensure clean air.
3. Frequency of Puffs.
The purpose of the puff is to oxygenate the brain via the blood by the heart.
A fast beating heart is associated, as in children and babies, with a higher respiratory rate. A slow beating heart requires a slower rate of puffs.
A single lung inflation will oxygenate all the available blood and no further puffs are required until the heart has replaced the blood in the lung
The heart and the lung have to work together.
The donor's normal respiration rate is 15 Lo 20 breaths a minute.
In the exci Lemen t of the momen t we will allow 20 breaths a minute, that means each breath takes 3 seconds.
In 3 seconds the heart might beat 4 times that is a rate of about 80 beats a minute. sets the of our puffs and pumps, our cardIac compressIOns.
4. Confirmation of Diagnosis.
As the of is confirmed by seeing the chest nse or feelmg the passage of exhaled air pass 109 over the back of the hairs of the hand as it is held in front of the mouth so must the condition of the heart be frequently checked by feeling for the carotid or radial pulse.
This should be done every two minutes unless a contraction of the eye pupil size suggests a more frequent check.
In the causes of failure to expand the chest are:
1. to close the nostrils-a weak nasal pinch.
2. FaIlure of the operator to open the mouth wide enough for an adequate seal.
3. Failure to maintain head extension.
4. Obstruction of the airway due to a foreign body or a mechanical fault, e.g. a sticking valve.
Sylvester's Method of Artificial Respiration
The commonest operator faults which must be corrected are:
I Bent Elbows.
In order to get an even pressure the arms must be kept straight.
2. The double exhalation pressure on the chest between each inspiration. There is no rhyme or reason in this quite common fault amongst first aiders.
3. The depressed head associated with a curved back and often bent elbows.
Operators must be encouraged to keep a straight back and the head up. This helps to keep the arms straioht and gives the first aider a confident and efficient to his work.
4. Failure to keep the patient's head extended.
Whilst a blanket or coat under the shoulder blades is ideal, in practice one may have to use the lie of the land, pull the patient's shirt or coat up under the shoulder blades or hold the head in the extended posifion between the operator's knees.
5. Failure to apply pressure to the chest.
Unless the patient's forearms are held parallel to each other, elbows close together and the patient's hands near the face, pressure will be applied, with some dewee of danger of vomiting, to the upper abdomen.
6. FaIlure to expand the chest by applying traction to the chest wall through the arms by the shortest route. of the elbows must rise away from the floor, descnbmg an arc towards and away from the patient's ears. Lowering the tips of the elbows towards the floor sweeping in a horizontal plane has no effect on msplratlon. Pressing the tips of the elbow on to the floor in a patient with a thick barrel shaped chest merely causes pam.
Cardiac Resuscitation
are dangers in this life saving procedure of damage to the nbs, the lungs and the liver.
The drill that is taught is designed to allay operator panic to ensure that time is allowed for s Llch conditions as a famt (where the pulse may at first be imperceptible) to recover.
The heart must pump oxygenated blood around the body therefore PUFF before PUMP.
An empty heart won't contract, therefore raise the legs so as to pour blood from the legs into the heart as in a faint.
It may be possible to stimulate the heart by striking a firm blow over the lower 1/3rd of the sternum with the side of the closed fist. In this case it is essential to protect the solar plexus by placing the fist of the other hand in the notch below the ribs. It is emphasised that it is the patient's sternum that is struck.
Compression must be applied against a firm surface. a firm board must be placed under the patient and the pIllows removed , or the patient placed on the floor.
Compression is applied with the arms straight with a smart rock forward to depress the chest at least 2 inches followed by a backward relaxation.
The hands are placed one on top of the other so that only the palms are used to apply pressure not the fingers.
The hands must not lift off the chest between strokes in order to avoid bruising the chest.
There is available in the stores a most excellent pair of gauges that give a very good guide to the efficient performance of respiration and compression.
The commonest fault is too rapid compression.
About four beats in three seconds, a little faster than once per second.
is most important that the whole procedure of resuscitation should be taught as a drill of some 20 to 30 movements and the only place for Resusci-Anne is on the floor.
The drill must be repeated frequently in order to remain efficient.
The drill (the timing may not tie up precisely with the lImes quoted above because there is nothing sacrosanct in this timing which can and must be approximate) are as follows:
(Continued on pages 28 and 29)
ROUND TABLE GIFT TO FELTHAM
D 10. F. BAILEY with some of the Cadets (Stephen Beaumollt, David Wastall and Andrew Witt) admiring their new training model which was presented to them by Mr. E. Cass from the Fe/tham Round Table.
YOU IN THE RED?
Please help us by sending your subscription a month before it runs out, overseas readers two months in advance. If you can't the renewal date, may I suggest that next time you pay you make a note in your diary . Subscription form on page 30.
Middlesex Olronicle
DEVON GOES GAY
SUSAN EVANS AND DEBBIE CROWTHER as Bride and Groom (members of the Yelverton Nursing Cadet Division) who took part ill the Division's entry, which won the Porter Rog ers' Cup this year at the Hon'abridg e Mardi Gras.
Jim ThoringtOn and Tavistock Times
John McDonnell and Surrey Comet WALTON , WEYBRIDGE & HERSHAM YOUTH CARNIVAL. The St. John float which took part in this year's carnival and-in spite of the cold and drizzle£22 was collected. The theme of the float was "For the Service of Mankind " and showed five scenes of Brigade activities including help given b y members to the e ld e rl y and disabled. The float was designed by DIS. Mrs. K Wi lli s, Hersham Ambulance and Nursing Division, assisted by h e r husband.
Security in Sickness
All enquiries regarding the above excellent organisation to Hon. Group Secretar y, Group 680, Mr s H. E D. Richards , 23, Pembroke Gardens, London, W.8 Tel. 01-603 5761.
Membership of the Group is open to anyone connected with St. John.
ST. JOHN IN ACTION
H R .H. PRINCE CHARLES' lNVESTITURE Pictur e shows members of th e Brigade r e mo ving a casualty d/lring His Ro ya l Highn ess's Inv esti tur e ceremony at Caernarvon. Other pictures appeared in the September issue. Back numbers available at Is. 3d., including postage.
Northcliffe Newspapers
GLOUCESTERSHIRE
Gloucester Echo
TERRY BIDDL ECOMBE, the well-knowlI jockey, took on a new role as a casualty to help the ChelteHham Spa St. John Ambulance to make a training film. H e "came to grief" at the first Jump at the C h eltenham Racecourse. Also in the picture: Cameraman Mr T. Wollard; Sgt. G. Pittman; A 1M. P. Dugan and Cadet A. Sheward. A IC. D. Gr ego ry also took part in the scene.
13
Terry takes a tumble for St. John
WRITTLE AMBULANCE AND NURSING CADETS who gave a demonstration of casualty faking on the occasion of presentations of awards, including a Grand Prior 's Badg e and Profici ency certificates.
COUNTY DURHAM
WALES
CO WAY CADET DIVISION REVIVED Pictur e shows Mr. K. D. Roberts, a member of the Brigade for man y years, with some of the members of his class as part of the effort to build up the Conway Ambulance Cadet Division again.
L. A. Woodward
LEIGH-ON-SEA NURSING CADET DIVISION
held its eighteenth e nrolment ceremony in Jul y, carr ied out by Area Commission e r R . T. BAX who also presented t h e Officer-in-Charge, Mrs King Ca memb e r for forty years) with the Area Commissioner's Cup. Although this is a small Division, during last summer th ey put in over 1,200 duties at the sea-front First Aid posts
Standard Rccordcr BILLERICAY NEW FIRST AID TENT which was presented to them by the BILLERICAY ROUND TABLE.
LINCOLNSHIRE
MRS. A. GOODWIN retired as Superintendent of th e Stotfold Nursing Cad e t Division earlier this yea r and was pr esented with a watch as a mark of appreciation for all h er work, including , with the help of Mrs. M e rr yweather (now Officer-in-Charge) of building up the Di vi sion. The pres e ntation was mad e by Miss J. Rosser, Di visional Pr esident.
BOSTON CADETS GAIN PROFICIENCY CERTIFICATES. The presentations were made by C S.O. Mrs. Storer. After Ihe ceremony a First Aid demonstration was staged by probationary A mblllan ce Cadets.
l\[anchc teT Evcning News
WEST DURHAM AREA CADETS ENROLMENT CEREMONY. Mr. B Hardman , Pr esid en t , Ryton and District Ambulance Cadet Di vision, presided at the enrolment ceremony of the n ew Combined Cadet Division earlier this year. Mr. Hardman 's daughter is on the staff of the Order's Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem.
BRITISH TRANSPORT
BRITISH T R ANSPORT DOCK 'S LADIES TEAM which won th e Elite Cup at the Ro yal National Eisteddfod of Wales in Flintshire this year. I. to r. Mrs. M. Dinni ck; Mrs. V. Cobb (Capta in) ; Mrs. D. M. Davies and Mrs. S. Kowalewska.
Nonhclill'c New papers
P icture S hows: DA ME BA RB A R A C O ZENS, Chief Nursing Officer, St. John Ambulance (second right) and Colonel Commandant of the Q.A. R .A.N.C. Associa tion, with B rigadier B Gordon, President and Matron-in-Chief; Colonel E. F. D avies, Ch a ir man and Mrs. D. Soames, representing the Joint Committee, Order of S t. John and B ritish R ed Cross Society at the A.G.M. held in London recently.
WANGANUI DIST RI CT CENT R AL NU R SING CADET
D IVISION which scored outstanding successes in recent area and district competitions, the list of trophies would almost fill t h is page. P icture shows (I. to r.) Back row: N IC Diane O'Connor, Divisional Superinte n dent I. M. Cook and N Ie. Myra Milner. Front row: NICs. Fay Hickling and Kathlee n P idwell.
Karachi Branch
KA R ACH I BR ANCH 1969 A.G.M. at which th e Assistant Commissioner, Mr. Sohrab K. H. Katrak was guest of honour. Other distinguished officers who attended included the Hon. Treasurer (also Superintendent of the Khyber Ambulance Corps), Mr. Haji Ziauddin, the Han. Secretary Mr. I qbal Quraishi, Mr. Masood Nabi Nul', President of the Associat i011" Association Cha irman Mr. Khalid Mahmud and Mr. A. E. Syed, Hon. l oint Secretary, S. l .A.A. and acting senior District Superintendent. Karam Din
Three Smart Juniors
(Above)
MEM BER S OF THE BRIGA D E in Singapore pictured taking the weight off their feet.
Crisp Nursing Cadets
FIVE Y OUNG L AD IES (represen t ing three differellt races). A picture of smartness- taken at the McRitchie R eservoir Park, Singapore.
Douglas Dickens
HOUSE- TO -HOUSE HUMOUR
That Didn 't Bring the House Down . . .
By Divisional Superint endent A. G W OODR UFF, 40 Beckton Ambulance Division
Now that the till has rung up " No Sale" on the l a test House-to-House scrounge, and the last German pfennig , Jersey pennies, French cents, Oirish coins and other collectors pieces counted out in the takings, the campaign " To Help Us To Help Others " was not without its humour and amusing anecdotes .
Like the dear old soul whose goldfish were slowly succumbing to an epidemic of fungi In return for " something in the envelope " she insisted upon an examination of her pets. Hurriedly mugging up , mentally, the Infectious Diseases chapter , and after painstakingl y and solemnly taking T.P.Rs. of the worst casualties, the advice to i olate the sufferer and treat em to a weak saline bath was noted (no additional charge for the prescription) Later it was learned that the majority of the invalids had recovered and were enjoying their orbitings in watery space.
Or the lady of the house who was given " a nasty turn " (see Shock chapter) by mistaking the S.J.AB. officer collector for a policeman. Apologising for the unintentional shock given her, the lady recovered and went back into the house, returning to put 2s 6d. into the box as she had mislaid the envelope The thanks given her were brushed aside by the down-to-earth remark: " That' s all right, it would have cost me more than that for laxatives!"
Or the poor old chap , whose eyesight wasn ' t as good as it used to be, who tendered a Salvation Army SelfD enia l Week envelope. Not one whit abashed was he when the collector explained we were collecting for St. John s whose legend was " Blood and bandages"; not that of the S.A.'s. "Blood and Fire. "
And the d elightful "Heads I win , tails you lose" attitude of the old-age pensioner who didn't in the leasf mind giving something to St. John's because in his opinion , man and boy for x-years , St. John's was the onl y organisation h« knew where he sto o d a 50 / 50 chance of getting his money back! Such a philosophy that surely woul d put the per capita levy to shame.
Not' forgetting , of course , the unidentified lady with the unortho d ox house-planning. After knocking on the knocker for a time and getting no response, the collector switche d' to the bell, as noises-off must surely in d icate that 'SoIIJeon e · was at home to receive guests. It became a cfia:lleIige Sure enough , the irresistible force and immovable objyct technique ywon o ut-but not exactly in the rhanner hoped for. The letter-box was opened and a pai r of eyes peered out. A voice , somewhere about two inches below the level of the letter-box, explained: "I can't open the door, I'm in the bath." Honour satisfied , the collect or thanked the voice and went to the next house muttering: "What a damne d funny place to keep a bath!" (or words to that effect). Be interesting, and enlightening, to know ,which particular department of Town and Country Planning granted permis sion for this obviously way-out
Exclu d ing the offers of kittens and plant cuttings, after inspecting gardens at the request of garden-loving givers- after , all is frowned upon in R egs - one of the highlights was that supplied by a young woman who insisted upon the collector "having a look at me mum 's varicose veins " This dear old lady, ign o ring tile plea not to remove the bandages , w ou ld have none of it . "See what a beautiful job the hosp ital has mad e of my operation," she gleefully exclaime d , "a n d a ll thanks to St. John s" who , in the first instance" had atten ded her for a rupturing of the veins and had taken her along to hospital. In order of merit for her
cure it wa : St. J olm ' s, surgeon, followed by nurses. No second opinion on this sweeping statement accepted. And one collector is still trying to fathom out the cryptic remark made by one householder who stated : " Not tonight. It ' s my night out and I'm not home. " Or the benevolent gentleman who ' d lost his envelope and enquired whether his pay envelope would do? He had second thoughts when the collector replied: " Nicely , thank you Every little helps. " And who can disagree with the collector who found a Mental Health Week envelope among his souvenirs at the end of the evening s collection, when he shrugged it off his conscience with: " Ah, well, we ' re all bonkers , anyway."
However , that s that for another year , and while aching feet are being slowly brought back to life, an idea for the Competitions Officer. Why not , in readiness for the nex t scrounge, a gate latch-opening competition? It i s Beckton s proud boast , acquired over the years , that there ex ists no gate, catch or fastening which members can ' t open with either shoe or hands , and are prepared to give any challenger four streets s ta rt- and then overtake 'em !
And for those lovers of music (pop, infernal or classical ) who haven t as yet tried house-to-housing, the sounds allied to door bells have to be heard to be believed From the melodious ding-dong , Westminster chimes, Ketelb y' s " Bells Across the Meadow, " to squawks , honks , whistles , wheezes, clanks and the " mean to see to it sometime " bell that gets stuck and shrieks until the householder attends the summons Great fun really, but the more enjoyable in retrospect.
FROM A SEAT IN THE
AUDIENCE
Some Random (and Provocative) Comments on a Competition
It is not enou g h to enquire n a me a nd a ddre ss of pa tient . It mus t be documented at once , in the presence of the judge . Memor y is too unreli a ble. I as ked three sep a rate competitors, within five minute s of completin g the te s ts, the n a mes and a ddre ss es which the y had taken , a nd two of the three had forgotten!
Re s uscit a tion need s much further s tud y . It is a v as t s ubject. Th e te s t was too short. There i still too much dr a m a- s h a de s of th a t m a gnif'lcent police in spector!
Wh y did he a llow hi s wife to ch a n ge the bulb? Mo s t un ga ll a nt !
' 'I'm a fir s t a id er " becomes monotonou s after two or three repetition s.
" Oh! My God , help m e !" sounded very realistic.
The team t es t wa s a n e xce ll e nt one a nd well thou ghtout , but ju s t a Icct lc complic a ted f or the spectators to g ras p a t on ce
Wh y a re competition test hop s a lw ay s itu a te d in the Hi g h tr eet ? Are there no other s hopping thoroughfa re s?
" Is the s tre tc her re a dy?" Where were his eyes ?
(, Pa ti e nt s" s hould be aw kw a rd r a ther than helpful.
More th a n o ne competitor overlooked the n ew teachin g: " Semiprone f ositi on ." Trippin g ov e r tho se s tep s, he ne a rl y became a casualty him self
Mo s t of th e le a d ers knew their tex t-book thoroughl y but thei r work was too mech a nical. The human touch (" Bed side manner ") was ab sent.
Was that handkerchief a s cle a n as it was cl a imed to be ?
Do not m a ke y our phone ca ll too lengthy. Casualty doe s not require too man y d e ta ils a t this s ta ge.
" What' s h a ppened ?" Surel y it wa s obvious
Patient must resist the temptation to help.
We do like to see the judge exa mine the bandagin g a fterward s.
In actual ca ses m a n y simple fractures would be converted into compound. This should be assumed b y the jud ge and marks debited accordin gl y . Judges are often too lenient.
If competitor would bear const a ntl y in mind those three g iant H a emorrhage , Asph yx i a and Shock (H.AS .) there would be far less blunder , with consequent loss of marks
Why all tho se preliminaries before attending to the patient?
Jud ge : " Are y ou a s king me or tellin g me? "
Securi ty measures were not as strict as the y mi g ht have been. We sa w more than one contact between competitor and spectators
Judge could discourage unnece ssa r y question s b y ignoring them
" I'm t a kin g hi s pulse ." Doubtless the judge wa s gr a teful for the inform a tion , otherwise he might h a ve thought that he w a s cleaning his shoes!
There were four on one side and one on the other (blanket lift) .
" Have you a nice wa rm fire in y our room? " We've never yet seen a cold one!
It is alwa ys interesting to speculate as to where stretcher will be placed. This is often of great importance
There is orten too much unn e ce ary phoning
How m a ny ex perienced medical men could conduct a 19
with the speed of so me
Don ' t forget , Sylvester i s not yet ob solete. It still serves a usef ul purpo se.
Artificial re s pir a tion- when sh all we see correct timin g? Thi s i s impo r t a nt.
E xperienced competitors know th a t the doctor will
a r contest , judo ex hibitions a nd a demon tr a tion b y the 306 (Sutton) Combined Divi s ion The y et up a realistic traffic accident i n the a ren a a nd then proceeded to deal with the itu a tion in 15 minutes allotted time. Divisional Superint e ndent A J M aidment a nd Mr. Gilbert of Casualties Union org a nised the set. The demon tration st a rted b y a b ys tander rushing to the Mob ile Unit for help and bringing back a team of nur in g a nd a mbulance members of the Division The intention of u ing this st a ging was to bring to the publi c' s notice the two r ecent acquisitions to the area a nd 30 6 in p a rticul a r , the Mobile Unit and an ambulance A comment a ry w as given to the crowd by A /N / O J D Horne who inter persed the commentary with facts and figures relatin g to the Division. the number and t y pe of duti e performed , the type of training courses provided , the address of the St. John centre in Sutton , a nd the gener a l aims of the Brigade as a whole Thi wa a busy a fternoon for 306 , for as well as providin g first aid f a cilitie for the public at the Mobile Unit, the ambul a nce had followed the procession throu gh the town Thi w a adequately put into use wh e n in Grove Road a gentleman , on the Harlequin
The a tre Company' s flo a t , uccessfully ignited a homemade ca nnon a n d his a rm which wa at that time in the b a rrel. Thi created e tensive injury and he was ru hed to Sutton and Che a m ho pital for treatment where he w a s kept in for observ a tion As a result a couple of new member ca me forward to join the Diviion • •••••
Dear Madam,
As a keen and practical first aider and competitor may I take this opportunity in congratulating V. S Helmore on his article on competitions in the August " Review ." His article portrays everything that the competitor could hope for, but how is it to be achieved when year after year we see bad compiling, unrealistic injuries , bad settings , and casualty make-up that , to say the least, needs a lot to be desired
In the last year I have taken part not only as a competitor but also as a judge and casualty, in all types of competitions and with several organisations
The following I remember without much effort.
The competition that was compiled from the old First Aid Manual.
The marking sheet that gave marks for everything , except the important parts , i.e., the patient's injuries.
The individual test that accounted for 140 marks.
The man had fallen off a ladder, and there wasn't a ladder on the set.
The so-called make-up expert stuck bits of adhesive plaster on the thigh to simulate a fractured femur.
It was stated in one test that the casualty had lost a considerable amount of blood, and yet all that could be seen on the set was a piece of red plastic. In fact one competitor picked it up from the floor and said to the judge: "What's this?"
Yes, I expect we can all go on relating incidences like these all day , but I think that I have made my point.
When the new book on competitions was first published it was hoped that it would drasticall y change the competitions for the better , but slowly the old ways and methods have been creeping back , and the competitor with the gift of the gab will gain the highest marks and win, not the First Aider who knows his job and says very little but does a first-class job
To reach the ideals of V. S. Helmore I am afraid that we have a long , long way to go, a long, long way-
Yours sincerely , P. L. WIDTE, F.I C.A.P., London.
MORE FROM A COUNTY SECRETARY
Wiltshire County Secretary replies to W. D. Wicken's article in "Review," July, 1969. Where, I wonder , has he or she been County Secretary as I have done the job in Wiltshire for over 15 years and haven't set eyes on him in my office or when I did the job in Devon before that. However , m y present County Office is much as he describes it- but there are two of us "amateurs" here part-time doing Association, Brigade and Council work in one room , but we do have more than one table , several chairs and Stores "three-coloured pens."
We too have our " Annie"- the original model imported into the country and used by the then Surgeonin-Chief, Mr H S. Taylor-Young , F.R.C.S. She causes surprise when standing waiting for me at my garage when they kindly put her in the water tank to trace "leaks."
We have a few more Divisions than he mentions with the empty Salisbury Plain to be crossed to reach many of them from the County Office in Salisbury.
I too was told on arrival that eight hours a week would be time enough but no mention was made that it behoves one to be available on phone at home morning, noon and night , which one is happy to do to help
our Brigade members and try to provide the answers from the " green book"-General Regulations
Fortunately our office has been moved three times with much leaving behind of unwanted paper to avoid being snowed under by it.
He did not seem to have personal record cards , BF4 and BFC4 , to wrestle with as part of Annual Returnsabout 1,000 have to be checked in January- this I do at home strewing the floor in efforts to get them to tally with other forms to see that everyone gets the Award to which the y are entitled- thanks to their being so well kept by Divisional Secretaries- this is possible.
I too find the amusing incidents save the day when problems seem intractable in this very well worthwhile voluntary job.
(Miss) MORTON-PALMER ,
County Secretary, Wiltshire.
E x a ctly a ye ar ag o the follo wing it em was published in THE RE VIEW
BOB BRINGS HOPE TO THE DISABLED
Where to go fo r a holiday is just one of the many probl e ms facing the disabled.
But thank s to Mr Bob Mitchell , re.:;ident manager of the T ravco holiday centre at Westward Ho, Devon, more and more di sabled persons are finding a solution to their problem . For Mr. Mitchell is " mine host" at the camp to nearl y 2,000 di sabled people who spend a week there every year. And the number is growing all the time
Said Mr. Mitchell: " Thi s holiday centre pioneered the idea that certain week s of the holiday season should be set a side especially for the di sabled. We al so receive requests from gue sts who particularl y ask to stay here during the se special week s. Our problem is that soon we may face a situation when the demand for accommodation exceeds the supply."
Meanwhile , Mr. Mitchell , who is backed by a hardworking team , which includes hi s wife , Kathy , as manageres s, believes in crossing that bridge when he comes to it.
Already he has recei ved recognition for hi s work on behalf of the di sabled from the Red Cross and St. John Ambulance Brigade, both of whom have since made him a life member , and recently the country' s largest producers of invalid chairs presented a chair to the centre for the use of any guest who may need it.
Mr. Mitchell does not regard hi s job as one of sitting at a desk. He and his staff of 120 believe in getting out and about among their guests , a gesture which is clearly appreciated
He said: "I find that gue sts are ready to come to me and talk about their problems ."
Little wonder , then, that within a few day s of arriving at Westward Ho, guests affectionatel y refer to him as " Bob. "
We wish Bob Mitchell as much success in his career as a writer. His courage deserves reward and his description of overcoming his disabilities should bring hope to many who might otherwise despair. GOOD LUCK BOB. 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
St. John Christmas cards, including a beautiful reproduction of the portrait of H.M. The Queen, at prices to suit all pockets and a selection of gay designs. Apply: ORDER OF ST. JOHN CHRISTMAS CARD DEPT., P.O. BOX 47, BURTON-ON-TRENT, STAFFORDSHIRE.
C A M B R I D G E
HOLIDAY POLZ E ATH ST. MINIVER BEACH HUT. M r. all d Mrs . E lliott pictur ed with Di visional Sup erin t end ent Stout outsid
take
ce s. Th eir
tc h ers and rescu e rop es in addition to th e full first aid kit. Mr. Stout hopes to do so m e duti es whil e on h o lida y in A happ y exc han ge s y st e m Perhap s o th er co unti es Will f o ll ow suit.
2 1 AU pi c tures
OLD EYES FOR NEW
You and thousands more of us-ordinary men and womenmay now give sight to someone who is, at this moment, blind.
Because this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back their vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
Eyes of all colours are equally valuable, and it does not matter if you have worn spectacles for years.
If you are not as young as you were, do not feel that your offer will be less valuable. Strangely enough, it will be more SO: tile eyes of older people are even better for this purpose.
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shall benefit, it is essential that there should be many more wining donors than will ever be called upon.
His Majest y King Hussein of Jordan ha s donated his eyes to the Order 's Ophthalmic Hospital in Jeru salem.
Mark all correspondence "CORNEAL GRAFTING" addressed to: The Director-General, The Royal National Institute for the Blind, 224 Great Portland Street , London, W.1. 22
LEICESTER
(Right) NURSING MEMBER MISS RUBY GRANT , who was born in Kingston, Jamai ca, and w h o ha s been a m emb er of the Leicester Vaughan Co ll ege Nursing Di v ision for 18 months , chats happil y wit h County Comma lld er Mr. L. Lee at the Leicest er Area Nursing Di visions annuaL il18pection. " 1 am never so happ y than w h en I am with my division, " she says.
(Left)
MRS. C. RIDDI GTO (left), Presid e nt of St. Albans St. John Nursing Di visio ll , mak es th e presentation to Mrs. Hilda Chapmall on h e r retire m e nt from the position of Di vision<ll Sup e rinte ndent. A Lso ill th e pictllre is the former Divisional Offi ce r Mrs. C. R owle.
THE 15-21 CLUB
In addition to th e "T rav e ll ers" folk gro up this go -ah ead alld ent hu siast ic club have orga nised tabl e tennis, billiards, darts. fe n ci ll g alld film s h ows. They started with " nothin g il1 the kitt y"- now th ey ar e so l vent thol/olcs to th e e fforts of their m emhers alld heillg give ll eq ll ipment.
Thi s is just the kind of hot-in-the-arm we need. The corny old aying i , in fact, true-" all work and no play " and it isn't only Jack who suffer. Everyone need some rela xatio n- it impr ove: one' receptiveness to learning, and can bring the young and not so young m ember together and make u better able to cope with other peoples' (and our own) day-t o-day problems.
It might be helpful to newly formed Divisions to hear about the activities and planned programmes from the more experienced. The Editor would like to hear from readers- particularly of items, unusual visits, subjects of talks outside the confines of F.A. & H.N. 23
P. W Jackson
HYGIENIC FOOD HANDLING
By BETTY C. HOBBS, O.St.J., D.Sc., Ph.D., Dip. Bact. F.R.S.H., of the Central Public Health Laboratory, Author of "Food Poisoning and Food Hygiene" and J. S. McLINTOCK, O.St.J., M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H.
Published by Hills & Lacy Ltd., London
Availablefrom Stores, Priory House, Clerkenwell, London E.C.], @ 5/- plus postage 6d.
Profound social changes have taken place in this country the preventive measures advocated with regard to themwithin the memory of all of us. Our contemporary eating selves, the foods they prepare and their equipment. Properly habits would have astonished our forebears. Collective designed equipment and utensils, used and cleaned carefully, catering stimulated originally by wartime shortages has speed of work and correct storage of food both at cold and become firmly established and few commercial or industrial hot temperatures will reduce the hazards of food infection. establishments as well as schools and government institutions It is an unfortunate fact , however, that few families in the are without canteen facilities for workers and students. This land are without members who have been incapacitated at trend has been accentuated by the movement of city workers one time or another by indispositions arising from defective to dormitory suburbs further and further from their places foodstuffs. The attacks vary in severity from the "upset of employment, and by the increase in the number of stomach" to "food poisoning" of greater severity. The working housewives. Today, hundreds of thousands of cumulative loss to the community may be great and the citizens obtain at least a third of their meals outside the burden on medical manpower heavy. home. Simultaneously, the time available for the preparation Observance of the teaching outlined in this book will of meals at home has dwindled and increasing use is made of help to avert illness and the authors are indebted to Miss time-saving expedients. Working housewives have little time Irene Martin, Domestic Subjects Organiser, the North for shopping and are frequently obliged to purchase their Riding, Yorkshire for the series of teaching notes which supplies for days in advance. appear at the end of the book. Miss Martin has put the text Whole industries have been established to cater for these into the form of lectures with summaries in chart or tabular conditions and domestic refrigerators ; cold rooms, both form, and these have been used for short courses on Food chilled and deep-freeze cabinets in shops, and frozen, Hygiene for those working in the school meal service. We canned and packaged foodstuffs are a familiar pattern of hope that others may be encouraged to spread information every day life. about food hygiene in a similar way.
Intensive rearing of animals and poultry and their mass This well illustratl!d and very readable book has chapters destruction have given rise to many problems of infection on Food Poisoning. Personal Hygiene. Purchasing and in these creatures, and carcasses and boned out meat may storage. Food preparation--cooking and serving. Washingbring food-poisoning organisms into factories, shops and up. Premises. Waste disposal- vermin and fly control. kitchens. These developments have led to more careful Also notes for lecturers. studies of the design of premises and equipment used for The information applies as much to the home as it does food preparation. The food handler has not only to protect to those involved in communal catering- an excellent five foods from personal bacteria but also from the bacteria bobs worth. It might make your hair stand on end with which could be passed from raw to cooked foods by hands, details of the dangers of carelessness- but this is better than utensils, surfaces and other equipment. the results of ignoring the basic principles of hygiene and It is hoped that all those who read this book will come to so causing unnecessary suffering, loss of working hours and know the sources of food-poisoning bacteria and their ways even death. of spreading and that they will understand the principles of Get a copy now
affected, but because during the development of the illness the latter had lived in the metropolitan area, this case req uired "contact" tracing in two regions.
A Constant Menace
Reprinted by courtesy of the "Nursing Times."
Although summer is nearly over, so that some of the dangers may decrease. this report by the Medical Correspondent of the "Nursing Times" underlines the need for constant vigilance. Because a disease seems to have disappeared it is sometimes forgotten that it is only through taking advantage of the various medical means of prevention and attention to the vital need for personal hygiene and protection of food.
Recent press reports have appeared concerning individual cases of typhoid that have been diagnosed in a hospital technician in Sheffield, another suspected case in the Midlands, and one in the West Country where the patient and family were
Typhoid is always news, and the reports of these separate cases serves to emphasise that Salmonella typhosa should always be considered in the possible diagnosis of any patient with a PDO, for the average annual incidence of the disease in this country is between 100 and 200 cases.
Infection of man invariably occurs as a result of ingesting faecally contaminated material. Flies may transmit the bacilli, sewage-contaminated water may be responsible, and undoubtedly the greatest hazard is the involvement of a "typhoid carrier" in the preparation of food. The organisms are excreted in' the urine and faeces of the patient who is infected and ill, and during convalescence Salmonella typhosa may be still detectable in the faeces. On
(Continued on page 29)
CHESHIRE
New Divisional President
C OUN C ILLOR MRS. W WOR THI GTO ,J. P .. receil 'e d h er warralll
{IS President of Ihe H aze l Grove Nlfrsing Div ision from A IS. Mrs. J . J BOM FORD. (1.10 r.): C I N 10. Mrs. R. Alla ll , A IS. Mrs .1 .1. Bamford , D IS. Miss E. M. P enllington, Counlv Surgeon Dr .I. E. Millar and Mrs Wort hin RtOI7.
Stockport
CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORLAND
Cockermouth Cadets Enrolled
CISlO. Stanley Slephenson a nd D IS. Amold R obinson.
HAMPSHIRE
COUN I LLOR DA VI 0 BEC K ETT. Mayor of BOI//'J/emol/th, co n gratulales members of Ihe Corps for their volu nt ary sen'ice 01 Ihe sea trolll First Aid posts. He is seen with the Mavoress' D IS. Mrs. Slocks ; Corps Presiden ,t A Id"(!r ma,: M:'s: BicAnel/; N Ie. Susa n S l oel,s and N Ie ISgI GIl/IOn H aynes £II/ring hi s I'isil to one of lite posts.
Eq:ning Echo
\lCbe Qgranb l)riorp in tbe f1jritisb 3aealm of tbe :fflost \J enerable i ®rber of tbe j!}ollpital of §§t. J{obn of J{erullalem anb l)rolnotions
; JI.r 1!J:b' JI.ab of lb. ®rb.r of 3fobn. bali appro\J.b lb' ; follohling %lbmissiol1s to anb ,Jromottolls ttl tJ)e ®rber
FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF KNIGHT
Professor Harold 01arles Stewart, D.L.
M.A., M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.
111e Marquess of WiIlingdon, Maior John Darling Young, l.P.
FOR APPOINTMENT TO THI<: GRADE OF CHAPLAIN AND SUB-PRELATE
The Very Revd. Eric Symes Abboll, K.C.V.O., M.A., D.D.
FOR APPOINTMI<:NT TO THE GRADE OF COMMANDER (BROTHER)
Lt.-Col. Edward Remington-Hobb, D.S.O
O.B.E. Edward Richard Dingley, B.K., l\LB., B.S., :\l.R.C.S.
J oseph William NUll
Kcnncth Olarles Harold Rowc. 1.n.E.
Frederick George TIlOmas, l\l.A.
William George Syer, C.V.O., c.n.E.
H. H. Hywel George, C.M.G., O.B.E.
Giles John Rom anes, M.A., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., D.O.l\1.S.
FOR APPOINTMENT TO TilE GRADE OF OFFICER (BROTHER)
John Alexander GaIleUy, M.A.
Thomas Coates Metcalf
Leonard Noel Douglas Hedges
Wa Kwan Wong, M.B., B.S.
Surgeon Captain Anthony O'Connor, M.V.O., R.N.
John Gabriel Barnes
John Joseph Johnson
Thomas Henry Mann
Gilbert Langer Love, M.B., B.Ch.
James Lockhart Fyfe, M.B., Ch.B.
Herbert Middleton
Alben Edward Morgan
Alan Oakley John, M.n., B.S., l"!.R.C.S .,
L.R.C.P., D.C.H.
John Charles Cumberland
Frcderick Gordon Maxwell, C.B.E., T.D.
Brigadier Eric Stuart White, D.S.O.
urgeon Rear-Admiral Nicol Sinclair
Hepburn. R.N
Surgeon Captain Gerard Sutherland Irvine, R.N.
William Re ginald James Pullen, M.V.O., LL.B., F.C.T.S., J.P.
Arthur Dc mond Herne Plummer, T.D., J.P.
Walter Edward Cooke, F.I.A.O.
Anhur William Peterson, C.B., M.V.O.
Lt.-Col. Sydney Aloysius Anderson, M.V.O., M.B.E., Q.P.M.
Jenkins Nicholas Edmund George Smith
John William Wallacc Kasiryc
Group CaPtain Frank Aikens, A.F.C.
Captain Michael Patrick RadelitTe Boyle
The Hon. John Dunstan Msonthi
Gordon Donald Mann
Lt.-Col. Huben Blount
FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADI<: OF ASSOCIATE OFFICER (BROTHER)
Leonard van G eest
FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF OFFICER (SISTI<:R)
Lady Rhona Cracrofl-Amcolts
Joan, Mrs. Young. M.B., B.S.
Eileen JOY, Mrs.
Diana Ethcl, Mrs. Novls
Edith Mrs. George
Clarice Louise, Mrs. Maizel, 1.P S.R.N.
Edna Margaret Corlett, Miss MeKneale
FOR APPOINTMENT TO TilE GRADE OF SI<:RVING BROTHER
James &Jward Dean Lionel Richard Houlbrook
Alben Edward Pellet
Brigadier Claude Morgan Hutchings, O.B.E. Lieutenant Counenay Averill McConney 111eagan Kunaralnam, M.B., B.S., D.C.H. Chow Cham Lau, M.B., B.S. David PUi-1 am Yue, M.B., n.s. Chiu Ming Yuen
Hin-I un Li, M.B., B.S. Caplain Randolph Marcus 1 homas Gideon John Cord ice, M.B., Ol.B., MY.H. Harry Alben Munro L.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., L R.F.P.S.G. Commander Gordon Cecil
Commander Glyn Owen Jones, M.B.E., R.N. Henry Frederick Charles Adcock
Stanley Ernest Bailey
Stanley Bright
Charles Edward Clifton
William Cocker
Frank James Corke
Claude Eggleton Peter Elliston
John William Fox
George Thomas Raymond Hancox
Walter George Hart J effrey orth
Joseph Thomas Hughes
William Walter Jaggard
Robert Henry Jones
John Kendrick
Major Michael Frcdrie Kirkman, M.B., Ch.B., R.A.M.C. Michael Joseph McCoy
John Francis Sanders
Roben Escott Milton Scoym; John Silson
Charles Swain
Frank Willshaw
George Hamlell
Colonel Gordon Higgs, n.R.D.
Major Norman Edward Shaw, 1.B., C.M F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Guy Harford Powell Lt.-Col. Isaac Cross Pedley, T.D Harry Bayley
Wong Shiu Kwong
FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF SERVING SISTER
Docia Angelina Naki, Miss Kisseih Jenny. Miss Kam Lin Tsui
Miss Poon Wai Chee
Kathleen Clare Miss Gallagher Christina, Miss' Thompson
Evelyn Margaret, Miss Riec , S.R.N. Eileen Ann, Mrs. Silver
Patricia Ann, Mrs. Wallace Helena Beatrice Zoe, Miss Nicholls
FOR AI'I'OINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF ESQUIRE
The Hon. Christophcr Walter Monckton (on appointment as Personal Esquire to the Viscount Monckton of Brenchley)
Richard Michael HOllc (on appointment as Personal Esquire to Maior-Gcncral Sir Ralph Hone)
i'riorp for
FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF KNIGHT
Henry Hardcastle Roberts
Peter Frederick Davey
26
FOR API'OINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF OFFICI<:R (RROTIrER)
John Reid Manin, O.B.L., L.R.C.S.,
L.R .C. r.
William Henry Ryan, F.R.S.II., D.G.II., D.U M R.C.N., S.R.N.
&Jgar Deakll1 Mackrcll
(SISTER)
FOR AI"'OINTMENT TO TilE GRADE OF DAME
Catherine Cornelia, Mrs. Horre
FOR APPOINTMENT 10 THE GRADE OF COMMANDER (SISTER)
Gwenneth Margaret, Miss Thompson
Dorothy, Mrs. Fleming
Malcy Augusta, Mr Green
FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF OFFICER (BROTHER)
Gert Christian Georgc Van Wyk
Alfred Leonard Stone
Arthur Vincent Fielding
Marc
Frederik Johannes De Vries
Fred Bowkcr
Henry John Price
FOR API'OINTMEN I 10 THE GRADE OF ASSOCIATI<: OFFICER (BROTHER)
Dr. Sigmund Hirsch Cohen
FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF OFFICI<:R (SISTER)
fay Emily. Mrs. Whitaker
Dorothy Ellen, Irs. N elson
Ethel, Mr Gemmell
Winnie Miss Vollhardt
Frances Cora, Miss Brown
Johanna, Mrs. Richter
Albenus Bcnjamin, Mrs. Mullineux
FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF SERVING BROTHER
VietOr Bertram Marie Claudius
Carl Fred erik Cornelius
Ad riaan Johannes Jacobus Du Bruyn
Dr. Johannes Christian Du Plessis
Maurice Georgc Greenland
The R evd Albert Redvers Hampson Anhur Frederick Ilearne
Richard [iener
Humphrey Dr. Brian Frederick Karstadt
Alan Keit
ourens Stephanus Labu chagne Slephanus Bernarclus Marc
ard William Walter Marclon Tvan Clirrord Nicholls
Adamson Ovenstone
Pctcr Frank RotTe
Dennis Ernest Smith
Robert McMillan Stringer
R o nald Norman Stuck
FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF SI<:RVTNG SISTI<:R
Charmain Rosamund, Mrs. Burchell-Burger
Ethnie Joyce, Mrs. Donaldson
Lynelle Ann, Mrs. Ferreira
Tvy Florence, Miss Picking
Elizabeth Alice, Mrs. Stringer
FOR AI'PorNTMENT TO THE GRADE OF ASSOCJATI<: SERVING SISTI<:R Hilda, Miss Herscovitch
([ommanberp of %lrb5
FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE OF COMMANDER (BROTIlER)
Maior Sir Cecil McKce, E.R.D., LL.D., J.P.
Irene Letitia, MISS Young, S.R.N., S.C.M. Jean Faulkner LYllle, Mrs. Begley
Id a, Mrs Norris
Dorothy Ida, Mrs. MaTlIn
S.R.N
NIGERIA
St. John Ambulance Brigade Expands
The present Nigerian cri is has necessitated definite plan to break away from the pre ent narrow concept o[ the Sl. John organisation being confined to Government and qua i-Government bodies alone.
We in .the. St. John are now committed to build up to cover all walks of life. Not only will thiS help u to. fulfil our moral obligation as a humamtanan and chanty organisation and enhance our scope of manpower, it will al 0 assist our country as a in its rehabilitation programme and in carrymg out Its post-war recon truction.
As the foreign relief agencie are packing up, this is a challenge to St. John; and we are prepared along with other Nigerian bodies to fill the vacuum and take over partly. or wholly, their functions here in Nigeria. As St. John IS the Government' own sponsored humanitarian body, we therefore solicit the moral and material support of every individual in this country.
An important towards this expan ion has been the recent [ormatIOn of the St. John Ambulance Brigade at Calabar Company Limited, South Eastern St.at.e; and WIth the imr:ninent co-ordination of the Lagos Civil Defence Wards WIth St. John Ambulance Divisions. time ha come to introduce St. John to all educatlo.nal institutions, tarting from the Cadet Corps in Pnmar y school to Brigade Division in Universities and other higher in titutions.
At present more than -'0 Brigade members are a sisting the nul' es at the Armed Forces Hospital, Yaba. And about 100 Brigade member were engaged in the various war ectors giving First Aid treatment to the wounded soldiers and taking care of the civilian
Plan are now on hand to send more people to the war front "for the service of mankind."
.This is the twelfth year of the Order of St. John in NIgeria and we are proud to announce that during those years we have trained more than 26,000 people in First A!d and allied subjects; and annually have offered First AId treatment to more than a million people.
All members of the Nigeria Police Force and the Schoo) of Mines have to pass tbe First Aid examination of St. John.
Report Jrom the St. John COllncil oj Nigeria
FOR APPOINTMENT 10 1HE GRADE OF ASSOCIATE OFFJCER (BROTHER)
Robert Eugene Allen
HER LIFE IN PICTURES
7s. 6d. each
7s. each orders for ten or over
(postage extra in each cas£»
Published by Macdonald
Proceeds to the Edwina !v[ountbatien Trust Orders to:
Remove foreign body (l1ot eplglotfts) check 5 (d), (e , .
Stop each inflation when the Beware excess air gives stomach 1I10atlon.
Allow patient to exhale.
Test for carotid pulse.
Dilated pupil
Ashen colour of patient.
Continue to respirate chest.
Press on epigastrium to encourage patient to belch.
If present maintain watch.
Remove casualty to a firm surface, floor not mattres
A full heart may contract.
Check carotid pulse.
Place one hand on the epigastrium below the ribcage notch to protect solar plexus.
Strike the lower one-third of the sternum WIth the Side of the closed fist firmly.
(a) Watch technique.
(a) Overlap hands on lower one-third sternUJ1.1.
(b) Keep elbows straight.
(c) Keep head up. I
(d) Apply pressure to the lower of sternum on y.
(e) Rock forward fast to give a punch action.
(f) Rock back slowly (comparative).
(g) Do not lift hands off between pressures
(h) Depress sternum about one-and-a-half 1I1ches.
(i) Rate of once per second.
(a) At a rate of once in four seconds.
(a) Decrease in pupil size.
(b) Improved colour of patient.
(c) Carotid pulse.
(a) Beware of vomit.. ..' 11
(b) Prepare to put pallent III three-qualter prone po ItlO on recovering.
(a) Continue until patient becomes stiff.
(b) Collect belongings.
TYPHOID-A CONSTANT MENACE
Cont. from page 24
recovery, an estimated 3 per cent of patients may become symptomless and apparently healthy "carriers," orten with the biliary tract and gallbladder as the main focus of the infective organisms.
The mortality of the disease has dropped dramatically in recent years and particularly since the availability of the antibiotic chloramphenicoL Chemotherapy is exceptionally uccessful for the acute illness but unfortunately it is of little or no u()e for the treatment of the chronic carrier. The prevention of the disease thus entails isolation and treatment of the confirmed cases, close observation of every contact and the continued surveillance of the convalescent to determine whether they become carriers or not. If they do, then there is good evidence to show that they can be freed of their infection by cholecystectomy.
There i much that is amiss in the normal pro-
THE PROBLEM OF RESUSCITATION
Cant. from page 28
SUMMARY
ADULT 2 HANDS 4 BEATS IN 4 SECONDS
CIDLDREN 1 HAND 6 BEATS IN 4 SECONDS
INFANT 2 FINGERS 7 BEATS IN 4 SECONDS
ONE BREATH BETWEEN EACH 4 SECONDS
THREE-QUARTER
PRONE POSITION
1. Remove or turn back bedclothe
2. Kneel on bed.
3. Tuck near side forearm under buttock keeping the fingers straight.
4. Gra p patient's far side thumb with little finger.
5. Grasp patient's clothing or hip with re t of your hand.
6. Keep arm straight and back straight.
7. Protect patient's head with other 11and.
S. Lean back smartly, pulling the patient on [0 your knee.
9. Adjust patient's arms.
10. Extend patient's head.
11. Flex patient's knee and slowly withdraw.
L2. Replace bedc10the
The opinions expressed are my own as a rcsult of much leaching.
cedure or public and private hygiene in thi::. country, with inadequate [acilities for hand-washing in public conveniences and often insufficient attention paid to this matter by many individuals. Not all food-handlers and catering trade employees are subjected to sufficient medical surveillance, and the Public Health Inspectorate is freq uently shortstarred and overworked with, some would feel, insullicient legal sanctions to enforce the maximum possi ble standards of hygiene in the community. Every case of typhoid fever that occurs is undoubtedly a reflection on the inadeq uacy of our community in preventing an irradicable di ease and we all share the responsibility for this.
Finally, it is interesting to note that the Government has just set up a committee of inq uiry under the chairmanship of Mrs. Lena Jeger, M.P., to investigate the methods of sewage disposal u ed in this country, a subject perhap not without relevance to the occurrence of over 100 cases a year of typhoid fever.
The Grand Priory in the British Realm of the Most Venerable Ordrr of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem. St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell,london, E('1
REVIEW CROSSWORD No. 10
Compiled by W. Potter
ACROSS
1. An extraction often promotes drainage and recovery (6,7).
9. Produces rapid recovery when gIven early in a bypoglycaemic attack (5). .
10. Main rules for cartilages of the knee JOint (9).
11. Possesses ploughed snow (4). ._
12. Between lower ribs and crest of pelVIS ().
13. Is back in motoring organisation for Continent (4).
16. The calcium for the sub-arachnoid space (5).
17. Prominence of bone maybe is so happy (9).
20. Bladder of patient with acute retention of urine (9).
21. Take tea around in fungus infection of skin (5).
22. Ache for everyone considered individually (4).
24. Injury twisted spirally (5).
26. Prejudice unsymmetrical distribution of (4).
29. Function of bowels, kidneys, lungs and skin (9).
30. Shape which can alter apparent position of an object (5).
31. How Sam's green meal can give rise to exanthematous disease (6, 7).
DOWN
2. They may be civil, electrical or mechanical (9).
3. Become mentally or physically exh.austed
4 Had amputation of extremity whIle pJaymg bndge, perhaps? (4, 1,4).
5. After unpleasant smell doctor make destructive weapons (5).
6. Young animal in the leg (4).
7. Air space , venous chan,nel and of abscess (5) .
8. Steam inhalant used III monastenes? (6, 6).
9. Diagnosed pyrexia in typhUS or epidemic meningitis (7,5).
14. Depression in abdominal wall (5).
15 Blood cells defending body from invaSion by patllogenic bacteria (5).
18. Established ceremony, possIbly done ln car (9).
19. Reacting readily to a (9)
23. Hiding place of a hundred With pam (5).
25. Vegetable stimulating lacrimal glands (5).
27. Micro-organism beginning 31 across (4)
28. Pa s for health resorts (4).
"The Teddy Bears Picnic"
When your organisation holds its next <;>r similar fund raising activity a "Te ddy Bears PIClllC Stall" can make up to £100 clear in ?- few hour. No financial risk as all stock IS supphed at whole ale price on full sale or return. Nothing pay until activity is over. Send for full details giving name of organisation and status to: -
WEBSTER & KAY (Dept. SJ), 39, Grosvenor Road, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk.
To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order 0 St. John, 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1.
Please supply/renew* St. John Review
commencing with the issue
I enclose 23/- for 1 year
Cheques, efc. should be crossed and made payable fo Order of Sf. John.
AD VERTISEM ENTSCLASSIFIED
ADVERTISING AG ENTS
T. G. Scott & Son Ltd., 1, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.C.2. (Tel.: 01-242 6264)
Classified Rates:
Semi-display, £3 10s. s.c.i. (minimum £1 10s.)
Non-Trade, 9d. per word (minimum 10s.)
Trade, 1s. per word (minimum 15s ) Box No. 2s. 6d. extra.
Page size (Trimmed): 9;}"X7tn •
Screen: Text pages 100
Copy date: 1st of the month preceding publication.
Publication: 27th of month preceding cover date.
Agency commission: 10%.
FOR SALE
"BALL PENS FOR FUND RAISING. "- We supply die-stamped ball pens with your Brigade name, etc. at competitive wholesale rates. - THOMPSON & CREIGHTON, 202. Heaton Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 6. (24)
S.1.A.B. Badge Wall Shields, 35s. 6d.; S.J.A.B. Gold Cased Crested Cuff Links, 63s. Medal ribbons Is. 6d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform, 2s each ribbon mounted on pin brooch; Regulation medals mounted 3s. 6d. per medal on brooch. Miniatures quoted [or.-MONTAGUE JEFFERY, Outfitter, St. Giles Street. Northampton (4)
BALL-PENS, Diaries, Note Pads, Keys, Fobs, Pencils, etc., Gold-stamped Brigade name or Personal names raise funds quickly-easily Details- Northern Novelties, Bradford, 2. (22)
UP TO 30 % DISCOUNT
on branded CA RPETS
W ILTO N AX M I N STER, ORIENTALS, Etc. FREE delivery U K. Chinese, Indian, Persian Carpets and Rugs a speciality. Expert fitting arranged if required. Write stating requirements or for introduction to showrooms-LONDON or MAIN cities.
D ODSON-BULL CARPET CO., LTD.
Showrooms: 6 Old Bailey. London. E.CA Tel: 01-2487971 (IO lines) 83-89 Blackett St.• Newcastle-upon-Tyne Tel : 20321 or 21428 55-61, Lever Street, Manchester I Tel: 061-236 3687/8 9 (I I)
3td. EACH! - PRINTED BALL POINT PENS 144
Full-length Conway Stewart Ball Pens die-stamped in gold with your Brigade or Charity for only 39s.; 144 Printed Sovereign Pencils (British) 39s. Please print your slogan. (Maximum 30 letters) and add 4s. Gd. standard carriage.- J. E. THOMAS & ON (CufTley) LTD ., 2a. Handsworth Road. London. N.17. (17)
GOOD FUND RAISERS from Airedale Press Ltd.
Have the S.J.A. Emblem displayed on Pencils and Ball Point Pens, printed with 2/3 lines of Brigade details on British-made Rowney Pencils and Conway Stewart Pens. Write for Price Booklet and samples to Dept. F., P.O. Box 60, Mosscar Street, Bradford 3, Yorkshire (25)
CONWAY STEWAR l QUALrI Y BALL PEJ\S, Diestamped with 33 Gold Letters and Spaces. 30s. a gross. 6s. standard charge, post and packing any quantity. Three days delivery. Samples free. Sale or return. Full refund on pens returned. - ABBEY WHOLESALE. 77, Liverpool Road, Stoke ST4 lAE. (36)
ADULT NURSING MA UALS (Current Edition) 40 copies at half-price or nearest offer (in bulk). - MR. T. HIGGINS, Divisional ecretary, 181 Sheffield Road, Birdwell , Near Barnsley, Yorkshire. (37)
NURSING OFFICER 'S overcoat, zip-in lining, 36-38 bust. Cost 21 guineas when new, £9 or nearest offer.MISS WILKINS, 2 Gordon Grove, Westgate, Kent. (39)
CHILDREN'S CHRISTMAS PARTIES. All your requirements supplied. TOYS, GAMES, NOVELTIES, FANCY GOODS of every description. Individual wrapping service. Al 0 BALLOONS, CARNIVAL HATS, BRAN TUBS, DECORATIONS FUND RAISERS , PERFUME CARDS, etc. EVERYTHING AT WHOLESALE TRADE PRICES Send for 64 page catalogue. Al 0 Furniture, Carpets, Bedding. Save £££ from Britain's largest suppliers. - SWINNERTONS LTD., Dept. R .O., Union Street, Walsal!. (40) (Co ntinued overleaf) 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111I11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
The Knights of St. John
The first edition of the history of the Order by the late Sir Edwin King was published in 1924 entitled "The Grand Priory of the Order of the Ho pital of St. John of Jerusalem in England."
The late Sir Harry Luke, Bailiff Grand Cross. Bailiff of Egle of the Order, revised and continued thi s fascinating work.
The book is attractively bound in scarlet with the Cro s of the Order embo ed in white and gold on the cover.
Published by The Order of St. John Price
A GOOD UNIFORM
The St. John Story
By Joan Clifford
Published by Robert Hale at 25 . Jacket de ign by Biro.
The White Cross in Canada
By Colonel G. W. L. Nichol on
A hi tory of St. John Ambulance, the first definitive hi tory of S1. John Ambulance in Canada to be published.
Available from St. John National H.Q., 321, Chapel Street, Ottawa, Canada. Price: Cloth bound. £2 5s.; Paper, £1. Special presentation volume £10.
31
ADVERTISEMENTSCLASSIFIED
ORGANISERS OF BAZAARS AND FUNDS. We welcome both personal buyers and mail orders for our extensive range of toys, stationery and Christmas Cards at wholesale prices. Send for price lists. ALSO pre-selected parcels: 144 6d. Toys OR 72 Is. Toys OR 38 Is. lId. Toys OR Selection Stationery OR Selection Christmas Cards. Each Parcel 54s., plus 4s. 6d. postage. Two or more parcels, 6s postage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffiey) Ltd., 2a, Handsworth Road London, N.17 (18)
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL
CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates accepted at the age of 17 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Studen ts, Moo rfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped School of Nursing. Successful candidates, on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses' Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Al bert Hall, Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tennis Court. Active Social Club.
Applications in writing to the Matron.
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l (8)
Vacancies exist for State Enrolled Nurses to enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing. Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing.
Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board.
Opportunities for promotion and practical responsibility in the specialist field of nursing.
Apply to Miss M. B. MacKellar, Matron. (26)
SERVICE THROUGH ADVENTURE
How many of our younger members in either the Association or the Brigade take full advantage of the mass of leisure time activities now available? How many more would like to do so and do not know how to start?
During June, the first edition of a pamphlet was issued to help solve this problem. It i called "Service through Adventure," and is being sent to Counties, Centres and Areas.
The following extract from the foreword by the Director-General indicate the purpose behind this publication:
"The object of this pamphlet is to suggest opportwlities for our younger members to discover the practical application of their First Aid training over a broad range of everyday sporting activities. By taking part and acquiring orne skill in these activities, members will not only increase their own self-reliance and experti e, they will also illustrate the value of First Aid Training to tho e from other phere with whom they come in contact."
.
Your comments are invited, so get hold of a copy
FUND RAISING
SUPPLIES
of First Aid Manuals, or any teaching book relating to courses organised by St. John Ambulance. Teaching aids generally include First Aid Film Loops. Uniforms for the St. John Ambulance Brigade, including Badges and Insignia. All First Aid Materials - stretchers, kits, etc.
The use of any particular appliance, equipment, medicament or preparation advertised in the "Review" is not necessarily endorsed for first aid purposes.
Problems disappear on the Complan course
The elderly have a lot of problems. Often
they get dispirited, feel drained of energy
and can't be bothered with food. Why should they, when their teeth and digestion are poor, their appetites nonexistent? Tea and soft toast fills them up . But it's not nourishment, and they become too tired, too depressed to face 1 Ib (454 gram) cartons their problems. Complan breaks the vicious circle. Complan gives the elderly complete nourishment, in less time, with Complan is a Glaxo trade mark less effort, than it takes to make tea. A daily cup of Complan provides nutritional balance in pleasant-to-digest form. Well-nourished on Complan, faces Detailed literature available on request lighten, steps are sprightly, and problems don't seem quite so bad.
Glaxo Laboratories Ltd, Greenford, Middx
Vol. 42 No.11 November, 1969
One Shilling & Sixpence
Marking Sheets
Twenty sets (one te am and two of each ?f the National First Aid Fina l Compe titIOn s for 1969 wIll be available
The complete se t, dispatched in December 1969, costs £2 lOs . Individual sets , di spa tched Immediately a fter a competition, cost £3 (20 scts in all)
PLEASE INFORM COMPETITION SECRETARY AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AS SUPPLIES ARE LIMITED
A few single sets at 3s. may be avai lable for competitions-again-early orders , please. E nqulfJes to: Competition Secretary, St. .l ohn Ambulance, t, Grosvenor Crescent , London , S.W.1. Tel.: 01-235 5231.
PLEASE NOTE THAT AS FROM NOVEMBER 1 ALL MATERIAL FOR PUBLICATION SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO:
Frank Driscoll, Esq., 26 Pembroke Gardens, London W.8 Tel. 01-603 8512
THE ST. JOHN REVIEW
IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT
By Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock, Chairman, Board
As from the January 1970 issue, the St. John Review will have a new EditorMr. Frank Driscoll-and new printers. So over the first few months of the
and indeed the new decade, our magazine will become a new-style REVIEW. As from November 1 all correspondence should
'\;OOKIN i
GREAT CO U RAGE
AMB UL AN CE CAD E T GE OFFREY ARMSTRO N G, Wallsend AIC Division (picture on page 7), was involved in an accident when a fully laden decker bus ran over his left foot which resulted III Geoffrey having it amputated.
H e did not lose con sciou s n ess or p a n i c a nd attemp te d to dire ct b ys ta n d ers t o give hi m first ai d w h ich in clud e d dire ct press ure on the fem ora l artery to co n t r.o l ve r y severe blee ding. The lady who came to his w<:t s a trained nurse from the Newcastle Royal Vlctona Infirmary and fully appreciated bravery gre<:tt stress. P o lice, witnesses and hospital staff all praised hiS remarka b le fortitude and cheerfulness.
IN SPITE OF H I S TRAGIC D ISABLEMENT, G E OFF REY I NSI STED O N ATTEN D ING THE DIVISIO N AL INSP ECTIO N A M ONTH LATER, ALTHOU GH HE H AD N OT YET BEEN FITTED WITH AN ARTIFI CIAL F OO T, HE STOOD T O ATTENTIO N WITHO UT CRUTCHES
This sort of courage leaves one speechless bu.t one great pride to be a member of the same orgaOisatlOn.
HEALTH AND HYGIENE
All accidents are not unfortunate or fatal. In last month's R EVIEW we published a piece on the Association's book, by Betty C. Ho bb s and J. S. on "Hygienic Food Handling." As the presses were rolling I got a letter from Mr. We b b, General M anager, of St. John Stores Department, to say that Chief Public Health Officer for Southend had used thiS bo ok during a First Aid Course. Employees of a local dairy company have ordered 60 copies of the book.
GAS COU N CIL NATION AL FIRS T AID FINALS
Winners: Southern Gas Board , Men's ship; West Midlands Gas Board , Wo men s Championship
The event took place at Friends House, Lond.on, on O cto b er 16. Sir David Wilkinson, Bt., (DlrectorAssociation, St. John Ambul<l:nce) , preSided and the trophies were presented .by Sir Henry Tones , K.B.E. (Chairman, the Gas Council).
THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE
A b ook recently published 6d.\ in the "Aspects of Social and Economic History, and wntten specifically for the younger generation. I.t be interest to cadets- both those who are thtnkl!lg of cine and nursing as a career and those who like to read
2
round" their interests. It i written by a ctoctor (R K. Allday), extremely well illu trated covers. a wld.e field from prehi toric [lIds tn medIcine to pre ent day practtce. it IS attractIvely bou nd, could almost be a pocket edition. those who Wish to g;o more thoroughly into the various subjects covered In the chapters comprehensive list of source for further information is included.
ON THE U P- AN D- U P
Having been prepared to into a and await an avalanche of cancellatIOns 111 subscnptJOns, to the ri e in cost, I am glad to report so far, tIllS has not happened . In fact there contlDues to be a "snow-ball" of renewals and new subscriber. Thank you all for your support.
BRIGADE
F I NALS-AND OT H E R NATIO NAL
EVENTS
PLE AS E N OTE THAT ALL QUERIES
SHO ULD BE AD DRESSED T O THE PR ESS OFFI CE, 1, GRO SVENOR CR E SCENT, L ONDON, S W I, INCLU DING ORD E R S F OR PICTUR ES
N ORT H E R N IRELAN D
In the middle of the recent tragic events it is to be able to report that a very successful TralDJI1g Course (the 27th) was held in Portrush. Over 100 St. John members from aU over Ulster attended The course was organised by the Counte of Roden and .delegates were welcomed by Mr. R G. Macauley , ChaIrman of Portrush U.D .C. Presentation of awards were made to the foJIowlng by the District Commissioner, Mr. D. S Stephen s
SE R VICE MEDAL 2nd BAR
To Cpl. M. K. Mann , Portru h N D.
SE R VICE MED ALS
Cpl. A. Matthews, S Belfast Nursing Member s V. C. Downey, Clogher; L. 1. SImpson , BaJlymena; E. England , ewry; M. S. McClung , ewry.
VELLUM V OTES OF THANKS
D I S. H. V Joynt, Windsor (Belfast) N D. , D I S. M Wilkinson, West Belfast N D. ; D I S. L. .Crozier, Central Belfast N.D .; Nursing Members M. Mairs and R. Kerr , Ballymena N.D.
GR AND P R I OR B ADGES
Sgt. R. Rea, Y.W.C.A. N.C.D., Belfast ; Cadet P Gowdy , Strathearn N.C.D., Belfast.
SU R REY CAMP IN GUERNSEY
The article written by A / S / O. J. E. Smith is .being held over for the December is ue Will be another item from the island with which to tie It up .
N ORTHAMPT ONSH IRE
M R. CECIL BLACK, who has been a member of the Oundle Division for many years , has been appointed a Justice of the Peace.
WELLINGBOROUGH H .Q. AM BULANCE DIVISION
have come up with an idea which may well help recruiting and fund raising all over the country !t a "Do you know?" leaflet giving d et.a i.ls of the s activities. For example, that the DIVISion has been active in the town for 80 years. The leaflet also includes a couple of simple questions on first aid to nnd out how man y
of the J, I 00 hou eholders either know any first aid or have a properly equipped kit. 684 leaflets were returneda high percentage according to normal "direct-mail" approach - I83 BLANK (one wonders what to make of that!) ; 241 admitted no knowledge of first a!d; 140 had kits ; 43 knew no first aid and so on But over £50 was received as don a tions A number of residents sent in their name to attend a course. The scheme was devised by Sgt. D. Hiron
JOH ANN ITE R -UNFA L L -HILFE
Most readers will know that there is a close link (particularly in London District) with the J ohanniterUnfall-Hilfe (the only organisation outside the Commonwealth to have something like the Brigade's voluntary first aid service), and they held a course on the island of Sylt this year. It is hoped to publish a report in December. In the meantime CPL. ALAN WALTON, Carlisle Division (a Grand Prior Cadet) was selected to attend. He started his St. John career with the Harraby A.C.D and tran ferred to the Adult Division in Carlisle three years ago. He is training to be a male nur e at Garlands Hospital, Carlisle.
HO U SI NG T H E DIS ABLE D
Mr. P. H. Bolshaw, Secretary, Kytes Estate, Watford, Herts ., wrote to the British Hospital Journal about the work done by the Joint Committee of the Order of St. John and Briti h Red Cross Society at the Kytes housing and rehabilitation centre. He drew attention to the fact that the bungalows are specifically designed for people in wheelchairs who work locally Help is also gIven to find them suitable employment. Preference is given to exService men and women for accommodation. Enquiries should be addres ed to Mr. Bolshaw , Secretary, Kytes Estate, Garston, Watford , WD2 6NT.
CARE OF T HE SICK
stuffing out of his two young companions aged 21 and 28 years (also human span). This example tempts me to try it myself- we might then be the first magazine on the moon.
LA N CASHIRE
M
RS . JO AN HOBKIRK,
former Matron of Queen 's Park Hospital, Blackburn, has become Vice-President of the Blackburn Nursing Division. In 1958 she was awarded a grant from the Joint Committee, Order of st. John and B.R.C.S. to enable her to study administration at the Royal College of ursing.
BLACKPOOL ST. JOHN
A report in the West Lancashire Evening Gaz e lle stated that during one year St. John members treated over 7,000 residents and holidaymakers in the town.
HAMPSHIRE
DIS M OL LY BOWLE R ,
L y mington Nursing Division , announced the result of this year's house-to-house collection as "a most gratifying effort which rai ed £100 3s."
WITH HOLIDAYS IN MIND
In the September issue there was a report of MISS Z OE DRUITT'S retirement from the Priory of Wales to the lovely island of Alderney to run a Guest House, LARKS RISE, ALLEE-es-FEES, ALDER NEY. There is always a welcome in the Channel Islands but a particularly warm one is certain at Larks Rise. I felt inclined to laugh when Miss Druitt's retirement was announcedbut it would have been rude at the time. However the cause laughter is justified, she is well and truly involved 111 St. John- already she is flitting over to Guernsey to give a training talk! Told her so
Those who nurse patients in the home particularly DEVO N elderly ones, will be used to giving them COMPLAN but, perhaps, many will not realise that this product is Torquay's Flag Day raised £301 ISs. 2d. Today some equally good for sick and old animals. I saved the life people feel ashamed to give a penny-but they mount of my l26-year-old cat (worked out at seven years per up as we found during the "Penny a Week" drive during human age), on a diet of raw egg beaten up with a little the war. Perhap a slogan (trite) that "every penny milk and a tea poonful of Complan added. As he got counts " might encourage those who are shy of this sum. better and could eat a little fish or tinned food 1 continued all, if you only have a small coin to spare it is sprinkling a "do e'· on each feed. He now knocks the Just as generous as a far larger sum is to other people.
LI COLNSHIRE N C. DIVISION AT MALTA DIAMOND JUBILEE
Hilary Waterston and Judy Odling were chosell to represent the Lincolnshire Nllrsing Cadets at the Diamond Jllbile e celebrations of the Brigade ill Malta.
Lincoln hire Chronicle
OLD EYES FOR NEW
N EW APPO INTMENT
Air-Commodore Thomas Keith Lyle succeeded Sir Stewart Duke-Elder as Hospitaller of the Order of St. John on October I-a formidable undertaking, but all who care for the Order's will have been encouraged and have great faIth in this choice of a man, who has so faithfully served as Deputy Hospitaller since 1960.
Keith Lyle's father, the late Willoughby Lyle, profoundly respected by his son, made his mark as a teacher, an examiner and an administrator. He was small in stature, but tough as whipcord. Under his inspiration Keith learnt to work hard and play hard, so that his prowess on the rugger field and his passion for riding, tennis and other sports never interfered with his medical career. On the contrary, his physical fitness aided his programme of work, because it kept his head clear.
At Dulwich, a school pr,oficient in work and games, Keith did well, and went on to Sidney Sussex College three centuries after that Iron Warrior Oliver Cromwell. From Sidney Sussex where he was an Exhibitioner, Keith moved to his father's medical school, King's College Hospital. Here he thoroughly enjoyed himself, doing a lot of work, making lifelong friends, and playing rugger with the hospital team which included several Internationals.
Ophthalmology greatly benefited, I feel sure, from the fact that Lyle did not rush straight into specialisation. After doing medical and surgical house jobs at King's he put a year as Registrar, winning golden ,opllllons from SIr CecIl Wakeley and other teachers. This extra year of general surgery promoted his dexterity at the operating theatre. Another tremendous asset was his work at the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Queen Square; because problems are the most important, the most illtncate and the most neglected part of medical ophthalmology. ..,
In other words, Keith Lyle IS a traIned phYSIcian as well as a surgeon. He passed the M.R.C.P. and F.R.C.S. examinations, and is now a Fellow of both these Royal Colleges, but his earliest medical qualification from the ful Society of The of this fraternity, to WhICh KeIth succeeded ill 1962, was one of his most treasured distinctions.
The working of the eye muscles is controlled by impulses passing from the brain the cranial nerves that supply those muscles. DIsturbance of this mechanism leads to squint and other 4
disorders of the eye muscle balance. Before he had finished his resident post at the Royal Westminster Ophthalmic Hospital (now the High Holborn branch of Moorfields Eye Hospital) , Keith became intensely interested in squint and kindred disorders; and his knowledge of neuroophthalmology greatly facilitated his approa ch to the classification and treatment of squint. He is now the foremost world authority on orthopti c and surgical treatment of the se condition
From 1939 to 1946 the Royal Air Force wa s devotedly served by Keith Lyle, in whom AirCommodore P. C. Livingston (later Sir Philip Livingston) had complete tru t. Fortunately Keith, in addition to being a supreme diagnostician and operator, was able to communicate his knowledge and enthusiasm to others. Many an established ophthalmologi t of today, then serving in a remote station, was originally purred on by the advice and example of Keith Lyle, to enter thi fascina ting special ty.
As acting Air-Commod ore Consultant overseas, Keith got through an astonishing amount of work because, like his father, he is a competent administrator, quick to work out practical chemes without waste of time. During hi s over eas service he visited Egypt and other part of Africa, Indi a, Italy, Iceland and many other places. Wherever he went, he scattered helpful suggestions, and for him, nothing was too much trouble .
After the war he embarked upon a mass of hospital and writing work, and won the Nettleship Prize. He had already vi ited many clinics in Europe and the U.S.A ., but now he extended his range to Canada, Australia and New Zealand, where he demonstrated surgical technique a s well as delivering lecture In 1948 the Royal Air wisely appointed him Civil Consultant, and he IS still closely attentive to Service problems.
The year 1949 was Keith's supreme achievement. He married Jane, the mother of his four adorable children. Surely there never has been a happier marriage than theirs. Everybody love Jane who shares all her husband's enthu iasm s, and 'supports his work in a multitude of ways. She accompanied him to Jerusalem for the opening of the new hospital in 1960, and is a devot.ed supporter of the Order. We all know that and Jane will promote the work of the HospItal with all their strength.
J. H. DOGGART, M.A , M.D., F.R.C.S.
You and thousands more of us-ordinary men and womenmay now give sight to someone who is, at this moment, blind.
Because this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back their vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
Eyes of all colours are equally valuable, and it does not matter if you have worn spectacles for years.
If you are not as young as you were, do not feel that your offer will be less valuable. Strangely enough, it will be more so: the eyes of older people are even better for this purpose.
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shall benefit, it is essential that there shoul d be ma ny more willing donors than will ever be called upon.
His Majest y King Hussein of Jordan has donated his eyes to the Order's Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem.
Mark all correspondence "CORNEAL GRAFTING" addressed to: The Director-General, The Royal National Institute for the Blind, 224 Great Portland Street, London, W.l.
S
The Drinking Driver
By SIMON FREEMAN, L.R.C.P. & S.E., L.R.F.P. & S.G., F.R.C.G.P. Formerly Divisional Police Surgeon Manchester
"If you drink don't drive; if you drive don't drink" is a cliche. This is an over-simplification of a d.Iffic?lt problem. and the subject requires consIderatIon m depth. It IS clear that drivers will drink and the most starry-eyed idealist must realise this. As with o!her matters, it is essential to find a compromise whIch IS not only acceptable but is practical. This was at cost in the United States when prohIbltIOn was mtroduced. It not only proved a dismal but it increased crime and gangsterism enormously. What IS the problem here today? Are we cognizant of what it means in terms of human life and suffering?
The Drink Habit
The drinking habit in this country goes back for many cent';lries and has long been accepted as part of our way of hfe. ¥embers. of the middle and working classes spent theIr evemngs comfortably ensconced in their " local" over their pints or measures of the "hard stuff." This was fine since little damage was done except to their pockets. I am not referring of course to the alcoholic, or the drunkard. He has always been, and still is a real social and psychological problem. With the of the motor-car, and as it became cheaper and more readily available to most families of all classes a new pattern of social behaviour emerged. '
The couple who were accustomed to a few evening drinks at the pub at their street corner, and most pubs were as near as that, found that it was much more enjoyable to drive out of town a little way and thus combine their evening drinking with a short country run. Who can blame them? The licensed trade were quick to jump on this band waggon and soon large "hotels"-which were really glorified pubs-with huge car parks sprang up like mushrooms within easy motoring distance of every town, large and small.
1
In this country the problem became more and more serious yea rly. It wa a matter of great concern that road accidents reached their peak in the late evening when public hou es and hotel were disgorging their customers. An interesting phenomenon was noted in the dramatic arre t of alcoholic drivers in the late afternoon and early evening during the few da ys preceding Christmas. This coincided with office parties (know n in Lancashire as "footing parties") when young men, unaccustomed to the consumption of large quantities of alcohol when driving, were persuaded to have just those few extra drinks- often with their bosses-and then tried to driye home. I noted this pre-Christmas m my records and it was duly published m the B.M.J m early December 1960 (Figs. 2a and b).
Fortunately this caught the eye of the popular pres who made much capital of it. In addition the Mini ter of Transport (then Mr. Marples) made several appearances on television screens, as I did also, and appealed to employers to cut down on alcohol consumption at such parties. The effect was gratifying since the number of arrests and, more importantly , the number of accidents, dropped significantly over the danger period.
Over the years it was pronounced by leading authorities on the subject throughout the world that alcohol began to have some effect on driving over 30 mg. per 100 ml. of blood It was also agreed that no one wa safe after a reading of 100 mg. Sweden then had a limit of 50 mg., West Germany 80 mg. , while in North America the limit varied from 100 to 150 mg. Each country naturally fixed its own limit which was determined in large measure by local conditions and local thought. It was not until December 1965 at the Fourth International Conference on Alcohol and' Traffic Safety, held in the University of Indiana, U.S.A., that a firm opinion was given on this subject. I was present and read a paper, and several of us made a concerted move for a pronouncement. It was finally agreed that a satisfactory limit for international consideration was 50 mg. per 100 ml. of blood, although of course it was made clear that this was merely advisory and that each country would make its own decision on the subject.
I left that conference highly satisfied that such an opinion had been achieved without real opposition
This sounds a very harmless change of modus vivendi but let us realise its implications. What had for years a harmless consumption of alcohol unaltered but the drinker was no longer w.alkmg home. He was driving. When this was put to hIm he was flabbergasted and he carefully explained that he never d.rank more than he hold so why the sudden fuss smce he had not mcreased his normal alcohol The remained of course that driving a motor vehicle weIghmg a ton or over- a veritable lethal weapon-was much different from taking a walk home. This was proved by the fact that the number of arrests for driving under the influence of alcohol later changed to driving while impaired by alcohol, creased by leaps and bounds. Added to this, as my own proved (British Medical Journal, The Drinkmg Dnve:, 1964), 0n!y the very bad cases were being arrested smce the eVIdence was only that of a police surge<;m and no scientific test of blood /alcohol level had been mtroduced as compulsory evidence (Fig. 1). problem of the drinking driver was an internatIonal one. Sweden was the first country to impose a blood/alcohol level above which conviction was mandatory and the penalties for infringement severe. Other countries suit very quickly and it was not long before Bntam was the only country in the civilised where this was not put into effect. The legal level vaned from country to country and in the United States from State to State. In Czechoslovakia it became an offence for a driver of a public vehicle to show any A sample of 80 cases out of 400. The interpretation IS obvIous: only the most flagrant offenders are arrested. All had pleaded not guilty
(Continued on page 27)
NORFOLK C?LIN SHARP, full-.ba,ck of Kil?gs Lynn, is carried off by members of the Bllgade 'when he wa,s In Jured dUl"lng the match against Chelmsford Cityhe -'wd a broken In the "Essex Chronicle" report a tribute was paid to St. Johll services at many sportilZg events.
DAGENHAM
RON LANE receiv(ng treatment from a member of St. John w h en he slipped off the bike during a bid to beat a record on the B econtree Wheelers' stand. H e had "travelled" 39 miles in one hour all the revolving drums.
FIRST -CLASS FIRST AID
Barking & Dagenham Advertiser 7
AMBULA CE CADET GEOFFREY ARMSTRONG, Wallsend Ambulance Cadet Divisioll a perso!wlletter from the D ep ut y nllSSlOller-ln-Chlef for bravery. (Story ill "Look ing Around").
Essex Chronicle
THE ROYAL "ACCIDENT"
WARWICKSHIRE. St. John members put on an excellent exhibition and demonstrations at the ROYAL SHOW, Kenilworth, this year. Mr. Settle's electronic First Aid questions and answers device was a great draw. Members from Ru gby did their llsual great job in feeding the "multitude."
FEUXSTOWE AMBULA CE DIVISION staged an " air crash" in which 14 "casllalties" (provided by the Cadet Division) participated. Although no other services took part the exercise, supervised by Superintendent Mayes, was voted a great success and many llsetul lessons were learned.
East Anglian Times
KENT
"DISASTER"
FOLKESTONE. The Kent branch of the VoLuntary Civil Aid Service (successor to C.D.) staged an "air disaster." Pictllre shows members of the Brigade treating "injured" children at olle of their posts.
FolkestoDe Herald
. I C A PTAIN THE HON G ANDER SON-COCKS , Custodian of Ptcture SLOWS. h P C d t B daft er the Parish of St Ann, insp ecting the memb ers of t e ro sp ect a e an a servic e at th e Prosp ect Chap e l.
OVERSEAS NEWS
Please sen d co ies of y ou r local p ublicati o ns an d. news of current eventspictures if po !sible. Annua l re po rts a r e of great m t eres t b ut nQews pOInt § of view they are dead. Addr ess t o 5t. John Ambul ance, L on on . .
FAR EAST
ST. JOHN A N D THE N ORTHERN IRELAND DISTURBANCES
As so on a s the dis turb a nces tarted, seven First Aid posts were set up in L ondonderry , manned by 50 member Their ambulance was kept bu sy taking casualties to Altnagelvin Hospital.
A permanently manned po t has been set up in B ogside and two of our ambulances are working with the Headquarter Transport in B elfast. While evacuating patients our members h ave been under fire.
WEST BELFAST DIVISIO N have been on duty day and night at a post set up in a R oman Catholic school and another local division turned out at short notice t o assist at a Methodist Hall.
This is yet anot h er examp le of St. J ohn members going about their b u iness q uietly a nd efficiently, neithe r seeking, nor in most ca es getting, any recognition except that THEY know it is upho ld ing the finest tradition of "Fo r the Service of Ma nkind," wh ich is reward eno ugh
BRITISH UNITED PROVIDENT ASSOCIATION
Security in Sickness
A ll enq uir ies r egardi ng the a b ove excellent or ganisa tion to Hon. Group Secr etary, G r o up 680, M rs. H. E. D . R ich a r ds, 23, P embroke G a r dens, London, W .8. Tel. 0 1- 603576l.
M em ber ship of the Gro up is op en to a n yone connected with St. J ohn .
WALES AROUND AND ABOUT
VISUAL AIDS
THE PLAIN MAN'S GUIDE
To those of us brought up on the 3 Rs , modern teaching technology can present a bewild ering choice of equipment; indeed , when the blackboard is white , Alice does not seem so far away. Over recent years publicity and literature about audio-visual a id s ha s been wid espread and from time to time the advent of a new ri se to communication has led to the suspicion that manufacturers claims on its behalf may have been on the ros y side. If we consider, however , that all vi sual aid media are extremely useful tools and not mechanised substitutes for human teachers and that each and ev e ry aid ha s a place in the whole concept of education and training we begin to realise the potentiality of thes e complementar y sources of instruction.
If we cast our minds back a couple of decades to preTV days and analyse the hold the bo x now ha s on the normal famil y we should think that to mod ern children modern visual audio-aids are the norm rather than th e exception and instruction given without tho se aids must appear a dark age survival. Finally, we come to the point that for the most effective u se of visual aid s to be maintained it is essential for th e instructor not onl y to have faith in his equipment but al so knowl edge of the possibilities and limitations. Th e old adage that an hour pent in preparation is worth two in th e cla ssroom ha s also still not lost its point!
It is of course impossible to pre se nt th e whole range of visual aid equipment in one article but here are just a few of the media currently in us e. Firs tly, we deal with non-projected aids and then our audio-vi ual equipments.
The Blackboard
One of the oldest yet still the mo s t efficacious of all training aids. There are nowadays variou types. wooden , a wall painted with flat paint, slate , plastic, glass and in all colours but essentiall y the technique is the same. The following hint s are offered: Make full use of coloured chalks for contrast. Boldness and clarity is more effective than complex detail.
Captions and lettering should be large enough to be read easily from the back of the cla ss. Remember to talk not to the board but to the class!
Hulton Outline Blackboard
This is a skeleto n of the human body printed on white paper. By use of coloured chalk the lecturer may emphasise any part of the human bod y; the chalk is removable after use. This splendid aid to teaching anatomy ma y be acquired at a cost of 7s 6d.
The Flannelgraph
Cheap and portable the anatomy flann elgraph is a stimulating aid. Anatomical cut-outs adhere temporarily to a backcloth; bones and organs in coloured felts are supplied and used for emphasi ing and building up a picture; the class may be instructed to " make a man " with the felt cut-out bones and three dimensional possibilities exist in explaining relationships of organ s to each other.
A complete set is available from the Stores at £3 lOs
The Visible Man
A 16in. anatomical model consists of a complete " do it y ourself" k it made of clear plastic The model ma y be assem b led, taken apart and re-assembled as required
Skeleton
A plastic miniature skeleton is also available from the Stores at about 10 guineas.
Pla s tic Wound Replicas
These excellent teaching aids are also obtainable from the Stores.
Ca sualt y Make-up Outfits
A complete Make-up Outfit is obtainable from the Stores for £4 Os. 6d Individual replacement items are also available for a few shillings each.
With realistically faked injuries , prompt and proper treatment may be emphasised and a class given true-tolife picture of the signs to expect in real casualties With Make-up and Wound Replicas it takes few minutes to se t up a realistic faked casualty.
An interesting teaching technique was displayed at the Royal Show at Warwick by one of our guest dem onstrators. A host of kids around the demonstration tent ask ed the reason for make-up material ; one lad was asked to sit in a chair and in a few minutes a cut wound was created from make-up; subtly a lesson developed into what first aid action to take with a deep cut ; a surprisingly effective technique!
Re s us ci-Anne
Thi s satisfactory model or female manikin provi des for both oral methods of resuscitation and is invalua ble. It is , of course, too well kn own to go into lengthy detail but it costs just over £40 from the Stores . It is possible to hire or loan this lady from hospitals and medical training schools
The Thorax Cutaway model is also recommended
Wall-Charts
" Picture Language" is one of the oldest methods of communication yet one with universal appeal; charts have proved their value in years of teaching experience. Incidentally, charts should be prominently displayed and securely fixed before class arrival and the lecturer sh ould remember to stand well clear and use a pointer for illustrating detail.
The new Artificial R espiration Charts obtainable from the Stores are a "must. "
Projected Aids
16mm Sound Equipment
You pays your money and you takes your choice! There are some excellent projectors readily availa ble from commercial source at prices from £300 to well over £400. If you haven t a projector and can't afford one they may be hired from commercial sources at £7£10 per exhibition. Otherwise, b y liaison with your Local Education Authority you well could be a ble to borrow one-alternatively, most commercial organi ations have equipments that they will loan to l oc al St. John first aiders- you might even try the ServicesCareers Information Offices have touring teams an d if your Army / R A.F liaison is good why not tap them?
The 16mm Sound Film is still the main Service and commercial method of instruction and films are availa ble from myriad services- there are n o less than 1, 100
(Continued on page 25)
B y M. A. SIMMONS , A.M.I. E .I" A.I.R.I. , D ep u ty Comm iss ione r, Staffo rdshire
Teaching Ai ds used as a means to communicate informati o n is becoming a regular talking po int among t Divisi o nal Memb ers in Staffordshire, fo ll owing their "Tr ai n ing D ay" on June 7, 1969 held on the premises of T he Goodyear Tyre and R ubber Co. (Gt. Britain) Lt d ., W ol verhampton, when the programme consisted o f:
P lanning a P rogramme
Casualty Simulation
D iagnosis
V i sual Ai ds Modern Techniques
T he Area and County Stall demonstrated the Teaching Ai ds availa bl e in Stafford shire an d the equipment exhibite d consiste d of the following:
8 m.m. P ro jector
Tape R ecor d er
R eco rd Pl ayer
35 m.m Slide P rojector
P lastic "Stick-on" letters
Various coloured flannel Pl astic Woun ds O verhead P rojector
Brist ol Tuto r Teaching Machine
Grundig Teaching Machine
8 m.m. "Loop" P rojector
16 m.m. Sound Projector
" P ull Apart" P lastic Models
T he first reacti o n to this array of equipment was "Too expensive f o r a D ivision to even think about!"
Bu t is i t u no btainable for a D ivision?
Ask aro u nd D ivisional Members, "Anyone interested in 8 m.m. Cine P hotography?" an d my bet is that you will be surprised how many bu dding Alexander Korda's there are on hand.
Ask a second question: "Who has a 35 m.m. Camera an d P rojector?" T he response will be the same.
The thir d q uesti o n: ''Who has a Tape R ecorder or R eco r d P layer?" P r o bably a 50 per cent YES to this ques tion.
It i s suggeste d therefo re that the majority of d ivisions have the fir st four items rea d ily available. "So- how do we make the most use of them?"
T he aut horised manual has ready made scripts , for example look at page 16 " D iagnosis."
I n Staffordshire an 8 m.m film of the chapter on " Wo un ds" was made, and a 35 m m. filmstrip on "Burns" l inke d to a commentary-tape recorded.
T aking 35 m.m. sli des is a popular pastime at compe t i ti ons an d probably the make-up provided by Casualti es Union is sometimes displayed at a D ivisional meeti ng a nd d iscu sse d . But is this the bes t use that can be made of the 35 m m camera an d pro ject o r?
It was d emonstrated that more interest is evi dent and me mory re te ntion be tter if the in dividual slides are sh o wn in conjunction with a tape recording giving the st o ry of the sli de. When the next slide is required a distinctive so und is recorde d to in d icate the next picture.
M rs. P . K . Harris, Area Superintendent, used a Flannel Boar d f o r her talk on " P lanning a P rogramme."
Cutting a flannel strip 3 in. wide with pinking scissors t o prevent fray i ng and making wor ds with p l astic sticko n letters for "head ings " If she ha d used a b l ackboar d an d chal k she woul d have "got over" the same message, b u t her t alk would not have been so co l ourful nor woul d i t have crea ted the discussion rega rdi ng her presentation as it has d o ne si n ce.
Next on display were Teaching Machine
The Electric Bristol , which is costly for a division to buy, but it can be hired with First Aid and related programmes on a monthly basis If this cost is £20 then time ta bled between 20 divisions is only one pound per division and could easily be organised at Corps or Area level.
The Grundig Machine i one which could also be easily purchased by a Corps and scheduled out. The total cost with programmes would not amount to more than £15
T h e a dva ntages of Teac hin g Machin es is th at they arc self pacin g a nd tak es care of th e s low lea rn er a nd do not b ore the fas t l earner Also examin
gh t. A lso it will effectivel
not
The more expensive machine could be bought by the County and hired to divi ions . This also could be done with the more expensive plastic " Pull-Apart" models , for teaching anatomy, etc. It is certain that to be competitive in the training field, a pool of teaching aids must be made available to divisions.
Colleges and Industry are favouring the use of overhead projectors because the lecturer is facing the student whilst talking to them and as he writes , it is projected over his head onto a screen. Many inexperienced lecturers tend to talk into a blackboard when using one and the students have difficulty in hearing or absorbing what is being said. Another advantage is that illustrations are readily made into transparencies and projected
Admittedly these cost £60 plus. But industrial Training O fficers are not too reluctant to lend their equipment to voluntary organisations and are often very pleased to oller professional advice in the form of presentation.
Many divisions rely mostly on 16 m.m films as a Teaching Aid but it has never really been proved that students learn more effectively from film , many people regard seeing a film as an experience One advantage is that a film can present material which a lecturer would have difficulty in demonstrating.
(Continlled 011 page 26)
YOUR HERITAGE
SLIDE SETS OF ST. JOHN'S GATE AND THE GRAND PRIORY CHURCH
Man y enqumes and requests have been made for uJ? -to-date sets of coloured transparencies in standard shde format to supplement general interest lectures and particularly for the instruction of cadets in the history of the Order.
We are, therefore, glad to announce the release of six well-chosen sets which have been prepared by Mr. N. E. Clark, who is a member of the Visual Aids Committee.
This has ensured that the material ha s been selected and the notes prepared with the requirements of our members ver y much in mind. For assistance in the work and particularly for the granting of facilities for photoin the preparation of the notes the prod ucer IS much mdebted to the authorities at St. John's Gate especially the Librarian s Department.
The sets have been chosen to provide for a basic introduction to both the Gate and the Church and for !TI0re specialised material which depicts the of mterest of the for those who wish to progress beyond the baslc sets. Each set comprises 12 slides a s follows:
Set No I - Introducing St. John's Gate and the Priory Church:
The Gatehouse , South Side
Entrance to the Robing Room
The Chapter Hall
The Spanish Cabinet
The Chancery Fireplace
The Council Chamber Landing Window Outside the Chancery
The Li brar y Fireplace
The Church and Guard House
The Church Altar
Docwra Memorial Gates
Set No. 2-St. John's Gate:
The Gatehouse , South Sid e Vault of the Gatehouse
Entrance to the Robing Room
The Chapter Hall
The Spanish Cabinet
The Chancery Fireplace
The Council Chamber
Tobacco Jars on Carved Chest
Landing Window Outside the Chancery
The Library Fireplace
West Tower Stairs , from the Mu eum
Armour and Chainmail
Set No.3-The Priory Church :
The Church and Gatehouse
The Crypt Altar
The Alabaster Effigy
Memorial Plaques and Fon t
Window , St. John the Almoner
Looking Through the Vestry
The Church Altar
The Triptych- closed
The Tripty ch- open
Banners on the North Wall
Docwra Memorial Gates
Crucifix
Set No.4-Conversion of Set No.1 into Sets Nos. 2 and 3:
Vault of Gatehouse
Tobacco Jars on Carved Ches t
West Tower Stairs , from the Museum
Armour and Chainmail
The Alabaster Effigy
Memorial Plaques and Font
Window , St. John the Almoner
Looking Through the Vestry
Triptych- dosed
Tri ptych-o pen
Banners on the orth W a ll Crucifix
Set No. 5- A continuation of St. J oh n's G ate :
Heraldic Shields on Gateway , South Side
Grand Master Pinto and Council
Chapter Hall Lantern Windows
Silver Cupboard No 1
Silver Cupboard No.2
Close-up of Silver Cupboard No.2
H M Queen Victoria
Processional Cross and Chalice
The Santa Anna
Turkish Cannon Balls
Plaster Cast, Arms on the Auberge of Engl a nd at Rhodes
Door of the West Tower
Set No. 6-A continuation of the P riory Church:
Boundary Line , Original Church
Ikon , Left of Altar
Ikon , Right of Altar
Pavement Stone from Bethlehem
The Weston Effigy
The Door Knocker
The Lectern
Alberto Arringhieri- On Active Service
Alberto Arringhieri- In the Convent
The Prince of Wales Banner
Fabric of the Church, South Side Cannon in the Cloister
They are supplied in plastic sealed wrappings complete with lecturer s notes, and cost 25s per set, plus postage, dIrect from the producer, whose address i gi ven below:
M r. N E Clark
144 Brown sprin g Drive N e w E ltham L ondon , S.E .9
Very great care has been taken to ensure the authenticity of the notes supplied. Information has been collated fr?m var.ious ources in a freshness of presentation which should aSSIst the speaker in his delivery.
One of the se sets could well make a most attractive gift.
H.E. the GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF MALTA, SIR MAURICE DORMAN, inspected the visiting contingents during the Diamond Jubilee Celebrations, at the Marsa Stadium. Mr. L. Lee, Commander, St. John Ambulance for Leicestershire, salutes Sir Maurice. Mr. Jackson, P.R.O. for Leicestershire (to whom we are indebted for the pictures and the report), states that a young member of the Brigade in Malta remarked, "I never knew that so many people, from all over the world, were members of St. John."
As usual the Commissioner, Lt.-Col. J. V. Abela, and all other St. John members Tn Malta, gave everyone a warm welcome and, never once, showed any signs of the fatigue which organising such a series of functions (official and "friendly") lVould have been understandable. MAY ST. JOHN MEMBERS ENJO Y ANOTHER 60 GLORIOUS YEARS.
PAULA-TARXIEN DIVISION "at home" to members of Leicestershire. A happy picture outside their headquarters. A spokesman said, "We are lucky to have these headquarters- no other division on the Island has one of their own."
DIAMOND JUBILEE
SIR HANNIBAL SCICLUNA AND REARADMIRAL ROYER DICK photographed at one of the informal vis its during the Jubilee celebrations. Sir Hannibal is Librarian of the Royal Library, Malta, and a Knight of Grace of the Most Venerable Order of St. John. Admiral Dick was Commissioner-in-Chief, St. John Ambulance Brigade, from 1962-1967.
MALTA INVASION 1969 STYLE
Over 1,200 members of St. John invaded Malta in September to take part in the Diamond Jubilee celebrations. News takes time to travel, but from all reports the invading force was overwhelmed by the friendly reception and the "natives" seem to have taken to the "occupation." In fact, as one would expect, a good time was had by all and, like anyone else who has visited the Island, St. John members in particular, cannot wait for an excu e to return.
The Leicester contingent are indebted to Mr. E. J. L. Cottin, County Vice-President and Mrs. B. B. Cotton (former County Cadet Officer) for paying the expenses of four members to attend. The qualifications for selection for this was, firstly, age group (unmarried), 18-25, they had had to be cadets for four years and a special recommendation as being keen and active members. Those who qualified were Gwendoline Faulkner, Sandra Barnes, Howard Mear and Richard Parkin.
NEVER TOO YOUNG TO START. TlI'o-year-old daughter of members of the Valetta Division (born ill Darlington, Co. Durham) pictured with members of the u.K. contingent, who wi/! no doubt follow in the family footsteps.
All pictures by P. W. Ja ckson, County P.R.O Leicestershire
\[bt $rit nbs of Jtil alta,
By L t.-Col. J. E F GUER ITZ, Director-General
When so many member of the Order of St. John have attended the Jubilee celebrations of St. John Ambulance in Malta and it is ver y much in our minds , it seems appropriate to draw attent ion to The Friends of Malta, G c., which wa inaugurated on July 17, 1963. The object of this Society is to fo ter and further the welfare of the people of Malta in this time of economic change and to assist them in adjusting to the new situation arising from the reduction of British Services To this en d we seek to encourage and promote training and opportunities for those Maltese who wish to work abroad and to provide expert advice in various field , free from political thought and influence , to those who wish to develop the economy of Malta. Thi i done in close co-operation with the Government of M a lta and bodies of authority in Great Britain.
Amongst the achievements of The Friend of Malt a, G.C , may b e counted a campaign to encourage the settlement in the Islands of retired officials and others from Britain and the Commonwealth This was initiated by articles in all the principal newspapers in Central and East Africa , Scandinavia , Holland and Germany.
Anothe r was the promotion of Tourism in collaborati on with the Malta Tourist Board. An important point in the campaign was to stress the average hours of sunshine per d ay and the average temperature over 24 hours thr oughout the year. These figures show Malt a in a very favourable p o sition as a holiday resort , so that tourists are not limited to the summer months only but can enjoy p erfect weather at all seasons in a country which i s in the sterling area- an important matter in these ti m es of E xchange Control.
M uch has been done by the Society to assist and encourage t be employment of Maltese in industry and to recruit Maltese doctors and nurses in Hospitals in Britain.
In a d dition to these and other similar activities The Frien ds of Malta, G.c. , contribute to all manner of Charities in Malta vary ing from help with the equipment for the operating theatre of the King George V H ospital to an annual subscription to the Din L-Art (This Fair Land) the object of which is to safeguard the historic, artistic and natural heritage of the Maltese N ati on
T he latest scheme of very practical benefit is to encourage by finance and in other ways provision of accommo d a t ion for young married couples who are finding it almost impossible to obtain living quarters at a rent they can afford. Under the guidance of our Housing Committee in Malta plans were proposed and finance raised for a building at Kalkara on ground owned by the Church. O n completion the flats were handed over to t he Malta Homes Society for administration and mainte n ance an d are being let at very modest rentals Applications are now being received for the first flats and candidates are being interviewed . The Friends of Malta are d evelo ping also several self-help co-opera tive schemes an d e ncourage activel y the young engaged couples to save as much as they can , in certain cases the balance being l ent by Barclays Bank D.C.O. or donated in the Frien ds of Malta The funds raised in England and Malta for this project are considerable and the help given by Barcl ays Bank D C.O. is most generous and enco uraging
The Friends of Malta , G.C., are very fortunate in having so many generous and influential members , who are willing to serve on its Council and to work for it in Britain and Malta, under the leadership of its Founder
and Ch a irman, Mr. Basil Lind ay -F ynn, F.C.A., and Mrs Lindsay-Fynn , who , each ye a r , with the help of a strong Committee, organise the " Malta Ball" at the Savoy Hotel. It was their inspiration which led to the formation of the Society and contribute 0 much to its ever increasing success and progress.
The Society was honoured b y H.R H. The Duke of Edinburgh in graciousl y accepting the office as its fir st President for three years and is very fortunate in baving Admiral of the Fleet the Rt. Hon The Earl Mountbatten of Burma , a the present holder of that office.
Quite apart from all those members of the Order of St. John and the St. John Ambulance A sociation and Brigade who have had the privilege and plea sure of visiting Malta, we hope th a t we will have the support of ever yone who , through the Most Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem , have a common interest with u s in th e hi tory of Malta and the pre ent welfare of it s people Ne i nvi te you a ll to give this interest practical effect by joining The Friends of Malta , G.C. , and helping us in our work. The subscription is £2 2s per annum
Further information and member hip application form can be obt a ined from the Di r ector-Gener a l Friend of Malta , G.C ., Portland House , London , S.W I.
D EVELOPMEN T O FFI CE RS
The Role of Development Officers
1. These officers are acquainted fully with all aspects of the work of the Found a tion and with the regulation a nd machinery which govern its functions They a re thus equipped to e xploit to the full an y opportunity for e xtending our work in e xis tin g field s or to bre a k into new spheres as circum tances may allord
2. They should be called into con ult a tion whenever there is re a son to believe th a t an a uthority , service , undert a king or commerci al firm is favourably disposed tow a rds First Aid trainin g, whether for st a tutor y requirements or otherwise , or is contemplating the inauguration or ex tension of First Aid trainin g.
EXTRA AIDS
Co nvent ional Visu al Aids
IMAGINATIO N
Mr. S. G ?ougl as King , Superintendent, Ste venage Ambulance DIVI Sion , has some good idea s on vis ual aid s. He draw s attenti o n to the value of X-Rays which are di scarded by ho spital (when ob solete) a s a useful aid , e .g. fractures
hi s count y they produced the Count y Bic ycle (below) to to cadet s what goe s to mak e a good di vision . ThIS Jdea can be developed in a number of ways-with a t/CO MM
little imagination. Mr. Trevor Payne , Centre of Educational Technology, Su ssex, gives us the quote of the month "Visual Aid I s An Attitude of Mind ."
In they are fortunate in having the use of the Fire Bngade or Police Training School for the Lay Ins tructors courses because they realise the value of visual aid as an integral part of training.
4. It follows from the above th a t one of the principal function s of Development Officers is the det a iled negoti a tion of fresh or ex p a nding services which will have to be conducted a t executive level and at a time when honorary official s may be unable to make themselves available .
5 Detailed reports will be [urni hed b y Development Officers in respect of each situation investigated
Association Procedure
1. Centres will deal direct with the Re gistrar , St. John Ambulance , 1, Grosvenor Crescent, S W.1, in respect of all clas ses re gistered in accord a nce with para. 22 of Part II of Association Re gul a tions except for those organised in consequence of ex ceptions (a) and (b ) who will deal with the Re g istr a r in the m a nner prescribed.
(Co ntillued O il page 25)
18 3 In order that Development Officers m ay be emplo yed in the most economical m a nner it i s desirable that preliminary enquiries are m a de locally so as to provide the fullest possible brief for them. They will also need to know the full ex ten t of the resources which ca n be provided loc ally to meet the required need.
PaigmoD News
P AIGNT O N G R AND P R IO R NU R SING CADETS. Tell .Cade ts their badges .which were presented by CISlO. Miss Margar e t Bolt. Pen ll Y L e wls , P e nn!, Bnstow,.Paula Bnstow , A n n Han.naford Hill, I sobel White Ann Benton, Marrieanne Hamilton , Jelllllfer Barker , Susan Barker and Linda G a y. w o R C S
NORFOLK
CoUnty Express
A FAM I LY AFFAIR. MRS. D. ARBON (Centre) and her two dall g ht e rs , m e mb e rs of th e N o rwi c h No.3 Nllrsin g Divisi o ll , pictur e d with th e trophi es th ey won in re c e n ,t R eg ional , COllnt y and A re a Comp e titi o ns
How I did the First Aid bit and lost me cool
By J. SMITH
L ESSON 1
We all showed up at quarter after seven and half-hour later were sorted out. Some uniformed feller, he didn't tell us his name , then started to mouth. Would have liked to know who St. John was but no joy- right into the first bit. " Don ' t read this manual" (since I'd just paid 6 bob it didn t make me 'a ppy ) " it will put y ou ofT First Aid " he said- didn't he . I had a butchers round the class , dozen or so kids, a load of chicks and a couple of grand-dads. Knew his patter this lecturer gee zer but hadn t a n y notes- straight from the book patter- some de a r old gal in the corner (a Secretary or omething) kept rabbiting away with a bloke made it difficult to hear. Told us wh a t to do in case of a ccident slow like and easy to gr a sp After abit we had a cuppa char-everybod y a bit stifT like- we didn ' t dig the scene . After char he did his thing with dressings and slings but the grandm as in the gallery made so much row washing-up couldn t get the message. I wanted to do m y thing with a reef-knot but no joy Finished at quarter after nine - this lecturer geezer told us to ring for an ambulance but if some feller down the road 'phoned would the message get thru ? didn't get a chance to ask that question did I.
Off with me manual to practise triangular plints or something on somebod y-wh a t a life.
LE SSON 2
We all showed up again and the instructor mouthed away about the body- a couple of pictures on the wall helped . Grandma in the corner rabbiting away again. Some of the chicks tried to take notes on their pretty little leg s but wa sn't e a y. After char, we paired up and band a ged each other- found myself tied to a smashing doll- so pu s hed the other fellers aside and walked her home- dig the scene m an
LE SSON 3
There a ppeared to be no " f a ll-ouf ' in the cla sand the lesson began promptly at 1930 Thi week chairs were arranged in rows ; once again no desks were evident - it is not eas y to take notes on one s knees
ST O U RBRID GE ASS O CIATI ON C OU R SE SUC<:ESSES: Sixt y -two pe ople pa,ssed th e First Aid examinat i on. P icture shows eight y oung vIctors wah Mr. A. Willison (Clu e f Constable, West Mercia and County Director) who presented the certifIcat es
LONDON DISTRICT
BAYSWATER NU R SING CADET DIVISION , who c e le brat ed th e ir te nth an.niv e rsar y this ye ar , wish to tak e th e oppor t ul7lt y of thanking th e ir Sup e rint e ndent, Mrs. I . V. MIlls (s e co n d ri 8 hl) for her work .. I n th e te n ye ars 11 Cad e ts g ain ed Grand Prior Badges ; the memb e rs put in 13,000 hours voluntary dut y; 18 former members ar e train ed nurses and fOll r in the m e dical fi e ld. To cap it all the y fin e re cord of Iransf e rrin g 10 t h e adult dlV /Slon.
N ORWICH NO.3 NURSING DIVISION COMPETITION TEAM.
M R S. G. ASHLEY, MISS E. WINTE R , MRS. F H AMPSHI R E, M R S. A. ALDUS AND MRS P. CH APMAN, looking very we ll pleased with themse l vesas th ey sho uld be- having had a good season in the R egional , County and Area Competitions Mrs. Hampshire (ce nt re) joined t he Brigade as a cadet and g ail/ed her Grand P rior's Badge last year and is 17011' leader 0/ the division's competition team
The lecture was Anatomy and P hysiology and Aids employed were two wall-chart and a blackboard with coloured chalks The lecture was given a t an ea y pace and was quite well presented , but , the Manual wa again in front of the Instructor. The blackboard work was pretty poor and the chart hung 0 th a t light reflection made them difficult to read .
The lecture was r a ther long ending at 2035 and unfortunately continually interrupted by Brigade arrivals through the entrance door level with the Instructor. However , the interest of the class was well maintained.
After tea , all in p a ir practised ba ndaging- variou helpers gave advice but since the y were all in mufti one imply didn ' t know who was helping and who being instructed- a little chaotic perhap
INTERNATIONAL FIRST AID COMPETITION
CASTLE GEMERT, HOLLAND
Winners: MARKHAM MAIN AMBULANCE DIVISION
Team Captain, Ambulance M ember Barry Hi gham, won the In d ivid ua l award. Nine teams competed a nd the one from Austria came seco nd Pr ofessor H. C. STEWART, Prin ci p a l Medical Offi cer, was o ne of the judges .
MARKHAM MAIN WERE BRIGADE CHAMPIONS THIS YEAR AND THEY ARE TO BE CONGRATULATED ON ADDING AN INTERNATIONAL TITLE TO THEIR LAURELS.
"DAILY EXPRESS"
National First Aid Competition for Industry
MEN
Winners
Runners-up
Third
WOMEN
Winners DOCK & HARBOUR AUTHORITIES (Port of London) NATIONAL COAL BOARD (Tursdale Central Workshops) IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LTD. (plastics Division)
U.K.A.E.A., A.W.R.E., Aldermaston
The U.K.A.E.A. women's team won the Grand Prior's Trophy last year.
HERTFORD SHIRE
SGT. A DREW KEEN AND CPL. CLARENCE GRlFFITHS, Chells Stevenage Combined Cadet Di vision receiving their Special Service Shields (200 hours vo luntary duty) from the Deputy Commissioner, Hert/ordsh ire , Mr. Fredrick Holmes. Andrew and Clarence joined the division when it lVas formed last year and their duties have included football matches and helping old age pensioners. This is a sp lendid record in so short a time. On ce again St. Johll is proud 0/ its you ng members.
"What
a horrible sight !"
By Divisonal Officer JOHN N. COOK, Gravesend Ambu lance Division
As a Member of St. John , you are no doubt quite used to the sight of blood , and it does not worry you too much at the scene of an accident. However, a large percentage of the population are so moved by the uight of the precious fluid that they respond b y immediately fainting. In nearly every First Aid Course there is usually at least one person in whom a faint will be induced by merely talking about the Blood Circulation and the Control of Bleeding , and to discuss this vital s ubject with a gathering of lay people at an invited talk, is sure to result in a demonstration of actual First Aid! But t1;lese people can easily be helped in a dramatic way, as I have done on many occasions, as follows: In your opening remarks you will have outlined the content of your talk, the audience is therefore forewarned that you are going to talk about Bleeding and its control. At the appropriate time your remarks could be something like this-"There is no need to get into an immediate panic at the sight of blood at the scene of an accident. ine times out of ten it is far less seriou than you imagine, as I will now endeavour to show you."
Before your talk commenced, you will have laid on the floor in front of you, two open double pages of newspaper. Not, I repeat OT, now, so that they immediately start thinking of a horrible mess. "This small bottle I am holding contains 1/40 pint of imitation blood , watch what a mess it makes when I pour it onto the newspaper. I would like you now to look at thi made-up wound on my forearm when I roll up my tunic sleeve. That's not too bad, is it? But what a mess when I pour from it the contents of another 1/40 pint bottle, especially with outstretched fingers. You now see on the floor 1 /20 pint of blood and the mess it makes. People give 20 times that amount at a Blood Donor Session without any ill effect. So remember that, although the blood loss has caused some shock to the casualty, there is no need for you to become so shocked yourself that you are unable to render First Aid."
The lecture can now proceed in the usual manner without fear of anyone passing out. I have not yet had a failure using this technique.
One can also demon trate, without causing a mess. by placing a piece of irregular baped hardboard painted red on the floor to represent a pool of blood . This method. however, lacks the very strong psychological effect of fluid movement. The irregular shape i obtained by pouring a known quality of water on to the hardboard and cutting out the resulting outline.
SOCCER STAR PRESENT TROPHY. Mr. Billy Wright presented the UIlI/orm Trophy to Ambulance Cadet CLIVE BACKETT. This trophy is awarded mOIl/hly. !VIost dil'isiolls have allllllal alt 'ords-is this a IIllique all'ard?
Hilchin &. LClchworth Pictorial
Blackp o ol Gazett e and Herald BLACKPOOL 1969 CHARIT Y CARNIVAL PARAD E. T he th em e of t he St J ohn Ambulance float in th e 1969 Bla ckpoo l Nor th R o un d Ta ble Carnival was A. D . 1048-and On. Picture shows D IO D L owis as Edw ard th e C onfesso r , AIC M. H arvey as a P age; NIM J. Wood, a Nun and A . Y o ung and H B el/shaw as Mo nks. O t h er members on the /foat were dressed in up- t o-date uniforms, in clud ing th e white bo iler su it s worn by our rescue teams. St. John had "/foats" because th e mob ile fi rst aid unit brought up t he rea r- j ust in case, however, fortuna t ely, th eir services were nol req uired.
FLASH BACK. Pictu re shows St J ohn Nurs ing Uniforms thr oug h th e ages . I t was ta ke n on t he ma in s t aircase a t H eadquart ers in L ondo n and was a so r t of d ress re hears al f or th e 1967 L o rd Mayo r's S how A ltho ug h unifo rms are no t really of mu ch use on /fo a ts th ere seems t o be a demand f or "gimmicks" at "open eve nings" where a d ress pa rade mig ht add co lo ur t o t he p roceedings. T o be wi th -it the two on th e ex tr em e righ t wo uld qualify whereas, equally a tt ra ct ive, th e o th er t wo you ng la dies ca rry the da y f or pra ct ical p urposes in working ou tfit s. (I. to r .) Denise Jon es, Br enda Scoones, R ose mary Le nn and Sh eila Fenton John Warburton 24
L A N C A S H I R E
The Medical Recording Service
R ecordin2 Service is a postal library d lstn butlOg medical educational material in the form of aUdio-tapes with accompanying slides . The object of the Service is to provide teaching material , suppl ementary to for mall di cussion group s.
Tapes are available as 5-10 (13 cm ) reels at 3-} i.p.s or as cassettes (C60 or C90) ; illustration s are 2 x 2 (35 mm) transparencies.
These aUdio-tapes may be loaned from the M.R S. f<;>r two weeks on short-loan terms or in exceptional circumstances "permanent" loans may be made; tapes are loa n ed at a fee of 5s. only , plus postage .
The M. R. S. has produced a new tape entitled " R oadside First Aid " amongst other tapes of interest are "Disaster First Aid ," "Save a Life Course," " Safet y at Sea," etc.
The only equipment needed is an ordinary domestic tape recorder and projector.
Apply to: The Medical R ecording Service R oyal College of General Practitioners Kitts Croft Writtle Chelmsford Essex
Applications for l oan o f audio-tape s mu st be made b y the Bri gade Surgeo n or o ther medical authority.
SUPPLIES
of First Aid Manuals, or any teaching book relating to courses organised by St. John Ambulance . Teaching aids generally include First Aid Film Loops. Uniforms for the St. John Ambulance Brigade, including Badges and Insignia All First A id Materials - stretchers , kits , e t c.
W rite
General Manager
ORDER OF ST. JOHN STORES DEPT.
St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, London E.C.I Tel: CLErkenwell 6644
OR BETTER STILL CALL AND SEE FOR YOURSELF
In addition to t he too] of Our trade there a re some attractive item for presents, as p r izes and for p ublicity purpose.
VISUAL AID S-THE P LAIN MAN'S GUIDE Cant. from page 13
libraries within the U.K offering 16mm sound film s on hire or in some cases free loan. Practically ever y subject under the sun i s included but films of special interest to first aiders may readily be found by perusal of this Foundation s Visual Aids Film Catalogue- by any standards a good buy at a humble 7s 6d. from the Stores. Incidentally , modern technique is to ex plain to a class prior to exhibition the points to be brought out at the screening; after the film has been shown it is then desirable to hold a discussion group to analy se the information given
35mm Projectors
35mm is the normal film gauge used in commercial Not every film showing in your local cinema IS reduced to 16mm gauge so it doesn't automatically follow that what you see at the Odeon can be screened at your Centre. For ex ample , the St. John Appeal Trailers screened at your local cannot be obtained on the smaller gauges.
8mm Sound Film
There are several such projectors on the market at prices ranging from £95-£300 ; there are also availa ble various dual format projectors the cheapest of which is £40 and the dearest at £90 .
8mm Silent Films
There has been controversy over the relative merits of Standard 8 and Super-8 cassette projectors and loop film.s. We recommend the Single Concept Film Loops availa b le from the Stores These are lengths of film with a running time of about four minutes which portray a singl e pro cedure. Ideally, they are screened in a cassette in a daylight viewing projector such as ICEM or R ank 800-E ; however , spooled versions can be used in a Stan<;lard 8mm projector ; with the aid of a cheaply d rum loop film a bsor ber the p rojection may b e contmuous.
The cos t of a good Daylight Loop P rojector is well under £100.
(Co ntinll ed a ll pa ge 32) 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
DEVELOPMENT O FFICERS Cant. from page 18
2 Applications for exceptional procedures in connection with classes such as:
(a) The appointment of "suitably qualified lay peras lecturers in place of me d ical pra ctitioners , or
(b) Exemption fro!? the provisions of .clause 8 (a) of the Regulations for Classes which provi des that not more than one lecture may be hel d in anyone week should be made to the Secretary Association Branch St. John Ambul a nce , 1, Gro venor Crescent don , S W I.
3 R outine correspondence in connection with the issue of certificates should be addressed to the R eaistrar.
4. M.atters of or upon which the ruling toof the likely to be require d, mg ASSOCIatIOn R egulations, should be WIth the Secretary, As ociation in the first Instance.
GRAND PRIOR'S TROPHIES COMPETITIONS N ovember 20, 1969
Se y mour Hall, London, W.l Competitions from 9 a.m. P
25
ISLE OF WIGHT POP FESTIVAL
The biggest ever Pop Festival took place in the Isle of Wight recently, when an e t i mated 150,00q young people invade d the Island to hear Bob SlOg. Un der the guidance of the CommlsSlOner for I sland D r. F. R B H. Kennedy, M.B.E. , K.StJ ., tl:1IS ave the St. John Ambulance Brigade an opportumty fo organise themselves on a .never bt:fore possible , an d to demons t rate their ability 111 a major role
The Unit, which comprised three large was manne d b y 40 members, including the F Ke nned y D iv Surgeon J Mackett, D IV. Surgeon Kenn edy ar:d eight State R egistered Nurses, who were on permanen t d u ty during the four- d ay event.
The staff were kept constantly busy and at no tIme was the Casualty D epartment empty Almost ev ery type of ai lment was treate d at the If "a was unfit they went into the camp hospital , which was. a " ward ." Some spent the who le weekend 111 the "hospi t al." A surprising factor noted was the very h i h ercentage of epilepsy, but the small. of which only one required " hospltallsah?n.
The Briga de receive d .of the Island. hospItals fo r their assistance in aVOldlllg an lllflux of be i ng a d mitte d into the hospitals, as the Bnga e ea with approximately 400 cases. O nly one person WI as sJnt into the county hospital , and tha.t on the ast ay of t he event when the site was belOg dl mantled.
T E ACHING AID S Cont. from page 14
When vi siting Divi sional film sho ws in th e ma.jo rity of ca ses one i s left w ith th e impress ion th e m ax imum value ha s not b een obtained at the sho w.lUg b eca use no time i s allo w ed for di scu ss ion of t he subJ ect sho wn, and that in suffici e nt thou ght had b ee n gIven a.s to wh e th er th e s ubject wa s th e mo t suita bl e for the a udI e nce prese.nt.
Most researchers agree that a film is when a " Follow-up" of practical IS arrange d an d also when the film Itself has a good llltrod uctory speaker. .
If a short film is to be made to demonstro:te skills and d oes not nee d a commentary, and the motIOns are self explana tory-then the obvious choice woul.d be an 8 m.m. Lo o p w h ich can be watched for long pen ods most conve n iently
H ere are some tips for who are anxious to pro d uce their own fi l m matenal.
Make sure the obj ectives are cl ea r
Design y our film on wheth er you wa nt . to supplement kno w!e dge o r skill s or for an in ex p e n e nc ed a udI e n ce.
Present th e conte nt in a lo g ica l sequ e nce
E mpha si se the points you w ant to be empha si se d.
Do not a tte mpt to cram more into a film than y our audi e nc e c an ab sorb
If y ou intend r ecordin g a ma k e sure that the t e rminology u sed I S correc t and simple and , of course,. a udibl e. information gi ve n is correct 111 eve r y d e ta il.
PRESENTS
WITH A DIFFERENCE
The Knights of St. John
T h e first edition of the h istory Of. the O,rder by the late Sir Ed win King was publIshed In 1924 entitled "The Grand Priory of t.he Order the Hosp i ta l of St. J ohn of Jerusalem In ngland.
The late Sir Harry Luke, Bai liff Grand B ailiff of Egle of the Order, revised and continued thi fascinating work.
The b ook is attractively bound in scarlet with the Cross of the Order embo sed in white and gold on the cover.
Publi hed by The Order of St. John. Price 50
A
GOOD
The St. John Story
By Joan C lifford
Published by Robert Hale at 25 s . Jacket de ig n by Biro.
E dwina Mountbatten
HER LIFE IN PICTURES
7s. 6d. each
7s. each orders fo r ten or over (post a ge extra in each case)
Published by Macdonald
Proceeds to the Edwina Mountballen Trust
O rd ers to:
Edwina Mountbatten Book , 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London , S. W.1 Telephone: 01-235 5231
st. John Christmas cards, including a beautiful reproduction of the portrait of H.M. Queen, at prices to suit all pockets and a selectIon of gay designs. Apply :
ORDE R O F ST J O HN CHRISTMAS CARD
THE DR lNKING D R IVER Cont . /rom pag e 6
In 1967 there was at last introduced into this country a limit of 80 mg .; over this level conviction was mandator y. I need not elaborate the outcry this produced and the opposition it aroused in the licensed trade and among confirmed and heavy drinkers. However, the proof of the pudding was in the fact that the rate of accidents and fatalities and serious injuries dropped dramaticall y as oon as the new law came into effect. This indeed was a great tep in the battle against the dangerou drinking driver.
Effects of Alco h ol on D r i vi ng Skill
" I drive better when I have had a drink. " How often have you and I heard this canard repeated ad nauseam from our most decent-living and highly respectable friends! It is said with real feeling and in all sincerity. The tragedy is that it is true a far as their conscious mind is concerned Let me explain without going into real scientific deta il that alcohol soon reaches the brain after entering the stomach- po ssibly within half an hour or less There it does two things.
First, it reduces the inhibitions and the sensitive control of the higher brain. This mean, in effect, that a tran itor y state of euphoria is produced during wh ich period the patient really believes that he is capable of efforts norm ally be yond his ken. He feel better, he feel stronger, he feels capable of great achievements. Carried to ex treme , such a driver will t a ke both hands off the steering wheel ju st to prove that he can even drive well that way ! Thi effect of alcohol on the human brain is without an y doubt the cause of the reall y strong feeling of uch a dri ver that " I drive better after I've had a drink ."
econdl y, alcohol affects the brain in a more ph ysical ma nner. Reflexes are slowed down , reaction time becomes more and more markedly reduced , gait become un stead y, co-ordination i impaired , and the eye are afIected Pupils show minimal or no reaction to light and accommod a tion The need for speedy decisions in motoring emergencie , the quick move from accelerator to br a ke , the necessity of focusing the e yes with m aximum speed from far objects to near objects- these are ju t some of the adjustment impaired by the effect of a lcohol on the brain
Now , for the record , let us add the first of the effects to the second and tr y to anal yse the result . Assuming that the driver thinks he can drive twice as well with alcohol , and knowing that he can only drive half as well , simple arithmetic shows that he is only one quarter as efficient at the wheel. This may sound an oversimplincation but it surely explains how the physical effects of a lcohol are doubled b y the state of euphoria
The Problem of the D ri nking D river
As I made clear in my first entence , it is not a bit of use to think that we ca n per uade drivers to keep away from alcohol completely when they drive One must be realistic in uch matters The danger today is that so often drivers who land themselves in trouble on this score are largely either those who are accustomed to imbibing large amounts of drink without apparent effect (this is not quite the case ince the same amount of alcohol reaches the brain no matter whether one is a drunkard or an occasional ocial drinker) or those unused to drinking who go out on r a re occa ions to social functions without realising the dangers of drinking more than they should on such occa ions
As far as the lalter is concerned , he will have to learn by constant propaganda of the dangers of his occasional night out. Such an evening can have such tragic conseq uences. During my years as a police surgeon, time and again I have been called out in the early hours of the morning to examine a driver. His wife and a couple of friends are sitting in abject misery in the entrance hall of the police station- a place hitherto unknown to them. The driver, a decent , respectable, hard-working family man , is certified by me , loses his licence and probably his job, and catastrophe enter his home. I point out to him at court nex t day that the evening has probably cost him at least £10 for dinner and drinks for his wife and himself , and that for an outlay of just another lOs. b y each couple they could have travelled both ways by ta xi He agrees, but it is too late.
The nursing profession , by nature of things, must have much social contact with younger members of the male sex who own car What advice can I offer you? First , never regard the driver convicted of driving while impaired as just one of the unlucky ones, no matter how decent or good he is otherwise He is a social menace and should be treated accordingly. Never travel in a car with a driver obviously affected by alcohol : your own life could easily be endangered, and y ou are guilty of the offence of aiding and abetting and could be arrested along with the driver. For your dinner engagements, unless going by hire car, limit your own drinking to help your host , by ex ample. One glass of sherry before your meal , and at most two glasses of wine with your meal , and y ou will be well below even 50 mg ., and thus safe from arrest or danger. There is one provi 0 I have to make E xcitement or emotions can impair driving to an ex tent where , if superimpo ed upon even a mall amount of alcohol , a driver could get into trouble. Thus , if you are going to break off an engagement, for instance , wait to tell him the news until your car journey is over!
Neve r Mix Drin ks-o r Dru gs a nd Drink
Finally, remember that many sedatives, h ypnotics, and tranqu illisers potentiate the effects of alcoho1. Never mi x y our drinks , or your drugs and drink This is a good a xiom, not only for y ou , but for you to impart to your friends and acquaintance in y our responsible position as members of a great and honourable profession.
POSTAL ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION § 23 /- §
DE PT. , P O BO X 47 , BURT O N-O N-TR ENT, STAFF ORD S HIRE.
With regard to the former I have to say this. A SUffiing for argument s sake that the y can exceed with safety the limit of 80 mg ., then they will have to comply with a law made for average drinker or top driving, in the same way that an expert driver who could probably drive with safety at 40 m.p.h. in an area re tricted to 30 m .p.h. has to keep his speed down to a maximum required for the average driver who i not as efficient as he is. After all, laws are made for the average citizen.
27
2a Time of examination. The heavily shaded area shows the jump between 6 and 9 p.m. in the few days preceding. Christmas and, from the history obtained, followed office drinking parties
BY DIVISIONAL OFFICER JOHN N. Gravesend Ambulance Division
points just right.
A drawing with full details is available to enable anyone who wishes to construct the model. Please write to author enclosing a stamped addressed foolscap envelope and 6d. in stamps towards printing costs.
2b Percentage of drivers examined in relation to time of examination. Shaded areas show drivers examined after preChristmas office and works parties
Converted to mg.fl00 ml. blood alcohol
N 3 In a sample of 82, urinalysis was carried out with the above results.
PLASTIC PLAYFORM
The prototype playform designed by the St. Albaps School of Art and produced by Declon Foam Plastics Ltd. of Potters Bar, Herts. For further information contact: P. Holt or S. Creegan, Hertford Public Relations Ltd. Tel.: 01-405 8141.
WHILST teaching first aid to beginners with little or no knowledge of anatomy, I have observed that a large percentage of the class will not readily grasp the significance of the head being well back to maintain a clear airway and the head being kept low in the management of shock. I modified my technique of putting over these two important facts, the result was a small measure of success. But it was still not good enough when candidates, after what may have been a short course for the award of a Scout Certificate, obviously had not taken to heart those vital facts which could make the difference between life and death.
After giving the matter some thought, I realised that, whilst one may explain what happens in these two actions, and although there are excellent diagrams and drawings available, the class cannot see the result of the necessary action, and some members of the class will not be capable of visualising what has or should happen. These were the ones who needed further help.
I therefore constructed two models, fretsawed from tin. plywood, and using other materials readily available cheaply to the handyman.
The first model, based on the diagram on page 63 of the First Aid Manual, illustrates a section through a human head, with the tongue relaxed to the back of the throat. Move the head back, however, and a clear airway is seen to be obtained. Fig. 1 shows the head at normal, whilst Fig. 2 shows the clear airway as a result of moving the head back. This model can easily be made in an evening, including one coat of paint, and a short time the following evening to finish the painting. Three cardboard prototypes were made in order to get the pivot
The second model is a silhouette, one-third life size, of a human body. The legs are free to pivot at the hip a nd knee. The head and body are painted pale blue and the legs yellow. The brain is represented by frets awing the approximate shape and covering the back of the resulting hole with a sliding red shutter, kept in position by a white painted flanged plate.
To demonstrate the ease of maintaining a good supply of blood to the brain during shock or a fainting attack, one proceeds as follows.
Before the class arrives, the shutter is closed, thus displaying an all red brain. At the appropriate time in your lecture, with the model held upright, the shutter is drawn downwards, the "blood" disappears, displaying the white " brain" contrasting the blue head, whereupon the model faints.
With the model laying down, legs flat, the shutter is closed halfway, restoring some 60 per cent of "blood" to the " brain. " Raise and support the legs, close the shutter completely, and the "blood" fills the "brain" once more. The legs are painted yellow to emphasise the importance of raising them, if of course it is possible to do so.
The shutter is automatically held in anyone of the three positions by means of a ball catch, details of this and the other items are shown in Fig 3.
This bed safety belt allows the patient to move from side to side with ease, yet prevents her from falling out of bed. This is only one of many aids manufactured by J. A. Carters Ltd ., 65, Wigmore Street, London, W.l for handicapped people.
Any queries regarding press notices, exhibition § material, except when relating to the REVIEW, § should be addressed to:
H.Q., 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London S.W.1
REVIEW CROSSWORD No. I I
Compiled by W. A. Potter
ACROSS
1. Unctuous remedy not to be taken by mouth (8).
5. Finger or toe nail (6)
9. Seven pairs of straight bones? (4, 4)
10. U.S.A., Sir , becomes a communist State! (6).
11. Position of leg when treating a ruptured varix (8).
12. Cartilages attached to 9 across (6).
14. Antibiotic could nice in pill form (10).
19. Small present at the end (3).
20 Pay those to change to a form of manipulative treatment (10)
24. Narrow container for water is rough to a head (6 ).
25. Blend pay with charm in study of .drugs (8)
26. They stimulate pleasantly the first palr of cramal nerves (6).
27. Nerve plexus at root of neck (8).
28 Fashions surgical instruments (6)
29. Tough businessman unlikely to fracture his skull ? (4, 4).
DOWN
1. His trade at the inn died with the coming of steam and petrol (6).
2. Unpleasant sensation often caused by , and always ended with the sea (6)
3 Human causing death (6).
4. Gold or platinum , for example, from mental lobe (5, 5).
6. Nice tour arranged for sufferer from mental disorder (8).
7. Disturb by use of steel net (8).
8. Cause of many air crashes (8).
13. Uncommon now , this disease was a major cause of children mortality fifty years ago (10)
15. Lousy egg! (3).
16. Robbers used by chiropodists (8)
17 Study of causes of disease (8).
18. Indigestible part of normal diet in, some would say, the present time (8).
21. Strengthened- making a belt unnecessary? (6)
22. Normal for intravenous infusion or eye irrigation (6).
T. G. Scott & Son Ltd., 1, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.C.2 (Tel.: 01-242 6264)
Classified Rates:
Semi-display, £3 10s. s.c.i. (minimum £1 10s.)
Non-Trade, 9d. per word (minimum 10s.)
advertised in the "Review" is not necessarily endorsed for first aid purposes.
ORDER OF ST. JOHN INVESTITURES
Please note that requests for photogr a phs s hould b e addressed to: The Press Office, St. John Ambul a n ce H Q , 1, Grosvenor Crescent , London, S W I
ARE YOU IN THE RED?
Please help us by sending your subscription a month before it runs out , overseas readers, two months in advance. If you can't remember the renewal date, may I suggest that next time you pay you make a note in your diary . I1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111I
Trade, 1 s. per word (minimum 15s.) Box No. 2s. 6d. extra.
Page size (Trimmed): 9t"'X7;V.
Screen: Text pages 100
Copy date: 1 st of the month preceding publication.
C a sed Cres ted Cuff Links, 68s. Medal ribbons 1s 6d . each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform , 2s. each ribbon mounted on pin brooch ; Regul a tion med a ls mounte d 3s. 6d per medal on brooch Miniature s quoted for. - MONTAGUE JEFFERY, Outfitter , St. Giles Street , Northampton . (4)
BALL-PENS, Diaries, Note Pads, Keys, Fobs, Pencils, etc., Gold-stamped Brigade name or Personal names raise funds quickly--easily Details- Northern Novelties, Bradford, 2.
C ONWAY STEWART QUALITY BALL PENS , Dies tamped with 33 Gold L e tters and Spaces. 30s a gross 6s. standard charge , post and packing any quantity Three days delivery. Samples free Sale or return Full refund on pens returned - ABBEY WHOLESALE 77 , Liverpool Road , Stoke ST4 1AE. (36 )
CHILDREN S CHRISTMAS PARTIES. All your requirements supplied TOYS , GAMES , NOVELTIES, FANCY GOODS of every description. Individual wrapping service. Also BALLOONS, CARNIVAL HATS , BRAN TUBS, DECORAnONS , FUND RAISERS, PERFUME CARDS etc EVERYTHING AT WHOLESALE TRADE PRICES Send for 64 page catalogue Also Furniture , Carpets , Bedding Save £££ from Britain s largest suppliers .-SWINNERTONS Lill. , Dept. R.O ., Union Street, Walsall. (40)
ORGANISERS OF BAZAARS AND FUNDS. We welcome both personal buyers and mail orders for our extensive range of toys, stationery and Chri s tmas Cards at wholesale prices. Send for price li s ts. ALSO pre-selected parcels: 144 6d. Toys OR 72 Is. Toys OR 38 Is. lld. Toys OR Selection Stationery OR Selection Christmas Cards Each Parcel
To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John, 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London,
UP TO 30% DISCOUNT
(22) on branded
CARPETS
WILTON, AXMINSTER, ORIENTALS. Etc. FREE delivery U.K. Chinese Indian, Persian Carpets and Rugs a speciality. Expert fitting arranged if required. Write stating requirements or for introduction to showrooms-LONDON or MAIN cities DODSON-BULL CARPET CO., LTD.
Showrooms: 6 Old Bailey, London. E CA Tel: 01-2487971 (10 lines) 83-89 Blackett St , Newcastle-upon-Tyne Tel : 20321 or 21428 55-61, Lever Street, Manchester I Tel: 061-236 3687 / 8 9 (I I)
3td. EACH! - PRINTED BALL POINT PENS. 144
I enclose 23/- for 1 year
Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John.
Full-length Conway Stewart Ball Pens die-stamped in gold with your Brigade or Charity for only 39s. ; 144 Printed Sovereign Pencils ( British) 39s. Please print your slogan. (Maximum 30 letters) , and add 4s 6d standard carriage -J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley ) LTD ., 2a , Handsworth Road , London , N.l7 (17)
GOOD FUND RAISERS from Airedale Press Ltd.
Have the S.J A. Emblem displayed on Pencils and Ball Point Pens, printed with 2/3 lines of Brigade details on British-made Rowney Pencils and Conway Stewart Pens. Write for Price Booklet and samples to Dept• F., P.O. Box 60, Mosscar Street, Bradford 3, Yorkshire. (25)
Candidates accepted at the age of 17 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students, Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped School of Nursing. Successful candidates, on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice Comfortable Nurses Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert Hall, Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tennis Court. Active Social Club. Applications in writing to the Matron (8 ) MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l
Vacancies exist for State Enrolled Nurses to enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing. Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing.
Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board.
Opportunities for promotion and practical responsibility in the specialist field of nursing.
Apply to Miss M. B. MacKellar, Matron. (26)
3 1
VISUAL AIDS-THE PLAIN MAN'S GUIDE
Cont.from page 25
The Overhead Projector
This equipment is a splendid teaching aid. Light is projected through a transparency on to a screen and yet the instructor still faces his audience. Visual material can be prepared in advance and by what are called overlays diagrams can be shown in basic outline and then developed. The instructor can also write direct on the writing surface and his notes will be shown on the screen. Furthermore, visual aid notes prepared for lecture may be used time and time again.
There are many splendid models on the market- cost varies but say just under £90 .
35mm Filmstrips
Filmstrips are lengths of 35mm film on which still pictures are printed. The usual practice nowadays is to have them mounted separately in cardboard. The strips are changed by the lecturer, manually, automatically , or in some cases by remote control.
There are some excellent filmstrips available at 12s. 6d . to £1 from British Transport and other libraries and projectors nowadays are fairly commonplace. To purchase projector, the range, depending upon sophistication of equipment, is £18-£100.
Miscellaneous Visual Aids
Many visual aids are part of our life nowadaysphotography is one; others are tape recorders , the radio, TV and so on.
Development in Audio-Visual Equipment
The general trend is towards simplicity of handling , lighter weight and better performance.
The most apparent aspect in respect of projectors is for greater light output lessening the reliance on blackout; the Tungsten Halogen lamp already in use with overhead projectors, slide and 8mm projectors is also being used in filmstrip and 16mm projectors. ill the field of tape recorders the effect of cassettes in a simple reliable and versatile system will be felt.
Many teachers and instructors find slides synchronised with a tape recorder commentary of great value; some companies are exploring the possibility of integrated units and, no doubt, they will appear shortly .
It is felt that more audio-visual teaching machines will appear and that E.V.R. will assume a share of the visual aid field; Electric Video Recording and Reproduction, i e., Cassettes inserted into 1V apparatus is believed to be a future equipment of great value
Our Advice
There is a wealth of material available on 16mm film since this is the standard means of Visual Aid training in commercial and service fields Nonetheless , all of the aids mentioned above have great value However, if you wish to acquire any equipment do ask our advice- also, in some cases discount may be pos sible .
YOUR "REVIEW" SUBSCRIPTION?
WHY NOT PAY BY BANKERS ORDER?
L NOTE J FROM THE STORES
I have received a telephone call from the Chief Public Health Officer for Southend, who states that recently he ran a First Aid Course and used the publication "Hygienic Food Handling."
One dairy company in that area was so impressed with the book that it has now placed an order for 60 copies for distribution to their shops.
JOHN WEBB , General Manager
IIell,d '"ls one?
The trainer of the local rugby club was a St. John man, and had formerly played for it , so he made it his regular duty to be in attendance at home matches. When one of the players of his side was knocked out he was quickly on the scene. "Can you breathe all right ," he enquired , and receiving a forceful reply went on: " Can you move your arms-can you move your legs?" On being assured they were all right, his enjoinder was : "Then get back into the game , we re losing."
" If you found a wound with the blood shooting out, what would it be," the candidate wa s a sked. " Artillery haemorrhage," came the reply.
Safe, gentle and swift to healSavlon
'Savlon' Liquid and !Savlon' Cream are indispensable to your first aid kit. They gently clean a way dirt, killing the germs that would infect the wound. The antiseptics in both products are powerful, safe. They were discovered by 1. C.l. and are now used extensively by doctors and hospitals in this country and overseas.
'Savlon' Antiseptic Cream 1/6, 2/6, 4/6, 8/3.
'Savlon' Liquid Antiseptic 1/8, 3/-, 5/ J.
For details of the House and Membership, please complete and return this coupon to THE WARDEN, ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE. LONDON, S.W.l. (BELgravia 2732).
NEW ADVANCED FIRST AID
WADHAMS MULTI-POSTURE STRETCHER TROLLEY
... 1\ a correct position for every case!
This versatile Trolley allows an infinite variety of. for all II ositions securely lockable. Ruggedly-built aluminium construc Ion e I res Trolley to veh icle • Converts to seat for 4 patients. Postu ral d ral nage position (Trendelen bu rg).
AMBULANCE COACHWORK
composite r; or all
to individual requirements
WADHAMS are pioneers in the use of structu ral plastics for ambulance . i n and construction of bodywork to your exact needs. In use WI pe r Authorities. Supplied to 50 countries overseas. 60 years experience. '\N ADHAM STRINGER (COAC HBUI LDERS) L TO.,
All types of Ambulances and Hospital equipment. Hambledon Road, Waterlooville, Hants. Telephone 2661
"I think Uncle Harry looked a little poorly today, and I think Uncle Harry would have appreciated
little less talk about outer space."
COMMERCIAL UNION ASSURANCE
Appointed i nsurers for St. John Ambulance Brigade All
THE ST. JOHN REVIEW
KEEP ON KEEPING ON
In the words of the old popular song ". Keep right on to the end of the road " alas thi issue of the "Review" is the end of the road for me and for so many who have helped the magazine in so many ways Due to the fact that I disagreed, professionally, with the proposed future policy, I had no choice but to tender my resignation as Editor.
As everyone who knows me will hesitate .to acknowledge (I won't deny it), I've dlsagreed WI th practically everyone in sight! But, my' defence It has been because, rightly or wrongly , I ve tned to do what appeared to be in the of St. John and the magazine. As I have been Edltor for the last thr e e year s and, off and on (filling in) for over ten y e a r . I feel tha t I was qualified not only to comment but to stand firm.
Well, there it is. As you can imagine the decision was not easy. To lose contact with colleagues , all over the world is grieving, but, if one feels about thing, backed by outside professional adVice , there IS no alternative.
However the " Review " is a vital link , both with St. J ohn and other bodies , and will need your continued support- from experience we know we can rely on you- the subscnbers and contnbutor s
Here's hoping that you keep on keeping on and there will be no end to the "Review's" road.
Thank you for your letters , I hope to reply to all in due course. With very best wishes for 1970- and thank you.
LET'S TACKLE VANDALISM
Mr. Laurence Evans , Head of the Local Information Office , speaking about current campaign stated that it was largel y a fact findlllg effort. County , borough, urban and rural councils , if? England Wales have been asked to record specific and tYPIcal examples of vandalism and co t during the last 12 months. From time to time 1ll the press cuttlllgS I have seen reports of First Aid Posts being attacked by vandals and wondered if these incident s have been reported to the local authorities The information might be useful.
SUSSEX
The third annual Competition for mixed teams wa s held at Worthing H.Q. The Adult Section was won by Willingdon and Worthing wt?re second. In the Cadet Section Hastings came first wlth Lewes only two marks behind
OXFORDSHIRE-BICESTER
After ye a r of a nomad exi s tence the Divisions have a p ermanent home- what more a ppropriate than on the corner of St. John's Street on a s itc adjacent to of the early St. John Hospice which gave the Its name . The new H .Q. w ere opened by the CommlsslOner for Oxford shire, Wing Commander M M Kane
BANBURY
Miss Jeanne Sykes , Banbury ursing Cadets , is ofT to Geneva for two y ear s to work for the World Health Orga nis a tion. We hope th a t will 'provide the " Review " with a wealth of m a tenal a nd wlsh her ever y succe s
PRESIDENTS' CONFERENCE
Presidents and Vice-Pre sidents attended this year ' s Conference, held in the Royal College of Surgeons
Among the interesting topics di cus s ed was drug addicts and the Rev. Kenneth Lee ch said: We read more about cannabis than about phenobarbitone , but it is important to point out that more people die each week from phenobarbitone in En gland Wales alone than have died from cannabis In the history of the human race Of more than 1, 5 00 suicides each ye ar about half were the result of taking barbiturates " A high proportion of thes e deaths were in the middle and
"He needs rest and quiet, could you leave him for a fortnig ht?"
Sund a y Express
elderly age group. It would appear that real de pair and loneliness - not ju t for the kicks or publicityoccurs among the over fifties This is where St. John can help by enlisting the help of their relatives and friends to undertake regular visits to the lonely and the old. Regular visits i the watch word. People in this predicament look forward to the visit- disappointment could be disastrous .
SCOTLAND
We don t go over the border very often - except when they capture the Grand Prior ' s Trophy- but Miss Elizabeth West, Principal Officer British Nursing Staffs Committee has sent in a note about the appointment of Mr. John Maltman, A.H.A., as Principal Administrative Assistant , Scottish Nursing Staffs Committee. As Miss West is a member of the Association Committee and takes a keen and practical interest in our training media no doubt Mr. Maltman will soon be (if not already!) brought into the net. I have had the pleasure of knowing Miss West for some time. She has never failed to answer a call for help, put forward concrete proposals and , I am glad to say, we have been able to help her from time to time.
CO. DURHAM
Is this a record? Mr. George Lamb, Croft, Near Darlington , writes: "My friend, Mr. George Edward Baker (Shildon, Co. Durham) , gained his Medalliol1 in 1894."
YORKSHIRE-E.R.
Hull Corps! What is claimed to be one of the olde t and biggest Fairs in England was held in Hull this Autumn. 98 Nursing , 125 Ambulance members, supported by Cadets , from the Hull Corps, covered the first aid duties for a week from 9 a.m. until midnight. 282 casualties were treated of which 19 were taken to hospital. A s most of our members have a full time job (for money!) it is almost miraculous that we are able (free) to cover such duties.
YORKSHIRE-N.R.
"Ca det News." Thi publication is really "with-it."
A bit of everything . 1 am glad that the editorial states that the issue is " long over-due"-I know just how the editor feel - still it was worth waiting for. In addition to the necessar y dry-bones of appointments and promotions there are verses records of G .P. Badge winners, proficiency badges gained (an incredible number), and a profile (with picture) of the Commissioner , Brigadier C. C. Fairweather. The editor( ) are to be congratulated. I hope a spare copy will still reach the ex-editor of the " R eview. "
ST. JOHN FRAMED
There are so me framed pictures of the Order and Brigad e available from the Gate which may be s uitable for Divi s ional H.Q. Plea se contact Miss Helena Nicholl , Curator, St. John 's Gate, Clerkenwell, E.c.l. Tel.: 01-253 6644.
INCREASING CIRCULATION
A suggestion put forward by Mrs. J Finney. Memberin-Charge, 175, Friern Barnet Nursing Division (which might help boo t the " R eview") is to publicise the fact that it can be ordered through a newsagent. This way it is cheaper, les trouble than a postal subscription, which might lapse accidentally, causing trouble all round Having had to deal with single po tal subs . I feel sure
that long suffering Treasury would also welcome more bulk orders. Only snag is that wholesalers get a discount and when one is in-the-red every "surface" saving has to be very carefully weighed-up. However thank you , Mrs. Finney.
MERITORIOUS SERVICE CERTIFICATES
Cadet Leader Norman Croft, Merry Oak School Ambulance Cadet Division , Hants., whose quick thinking and courage saved the life of a boy in a canoeing accident. Norman deliberately capsized his own canoe in order to reach the boy quickly to give mouth-tomouth resuscitation while he was still in the water.
Divi s ional Officer D. C. Drury, Acle Ambulance Division, Norfolk , for his action when a motor cruiser exploded and caused a number of casualties. At one stage the First Aid Post had to be evacuated because of the danger of fire and the victims removed to a boathouse
Cadet Philip Hodgkin, Armley and Wortley Combined Cadet Division , Leeds , Yorks ., for rescuing two bo y s from a canal and applying artificial respiration.
Note. - Meritorious Service Certificates are awarded when the rescuer has risked his life. Letters of Commendation are for efficient first aid but not under dangerous conditions.
LETTER OF COMMENDATION
Ambulance Member J. C. Hallam, Bucknall Colliery Ambulance Division , ottingham , for successfully applying mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration to a man who was rescued from a swimming bath
What Why When Where How? Know the answers?
You will find them in the St. John Review For less than 6d. per week you can get St. John News from all over the world, keep up with the dramatic changes in medicine, surgery, industrial first aid, nursing and emergency treatment techniques and have an opportunity to air your own views. Fill in the form on page 30 and enclose 23 / - subscription (including postage).
If you already subscribe why not give it as a present?
THE JOINT · ·· NURSIN G
M A N UAL
Third Edition
At the request of the Standing Committee of St. An1bulance, St. Andrew's Ambulance Association and the British Red Cross Society, JOAN MARKHAM, S.R.N., S.C.M., R.N.T., H. V., D.N. (London), has revised the joint Nursing manual. Miss l11arkham explains the reasons for its change in presentation in this article.
"The Manual" has been a trusted friend for many years. It has been studied for exams and sweated over for competitions, but most importantly it has formed the basis on which thou ands of people have been taught. Nursing is the art of looking after sick people, and to practise an art, certain skills are necessary. The meticulou and detailed information in the Manual was of tremendous help in learning those skills and the book's contribution has been invaluable·
Although the basic needs of the sick patient remain the same, the ways of meeting those needs have gradually altered. Advance in medical knowledge and surgical practice have changed the whole pattern of patient care. The treatment a doctor orders today is very different from the treatment he would have ordered for a patient with the same disease even a few years ago.
The development of new materials has altered the design and use of medical and nursing equipment and the wide use of disposable materials has made a tremendous difference to the work of the nurse.
It has been recognised for many years that a patient's mind and body were inextricably linked so that the state of the one influenced the tate of the other. Of more recent years is the realisation that the patient cannot be considered in i so lation -he is alway part of society. Social, economic and occupational factors may have contributed
;!Malta-1969
TWO CELEBRATIONS- DIAMO D JUBILEE A D THA K GIVI G
Pictllr e sholVs Th e Lord Prior , The Lord Wakehurst, all arrival at the airport for th e Jubil ee Celebrations with (t. to 1'.): Mr. N. C. McClintock, Secretarv-GeneraL, Order of S1. J ohn, The Lad y Moyra Brmvne, D ep ut y
Sup e rintend e nt-in-Chi ef. Th e Lord Prior , Marjorie, COllntess o[ Br eck nock , Superintendenl-in-Chief, Lt.-Col. J. V. A bela. Commissioner. (See pages 18 and 19)
THE LORD PRIOR and m e mb ers of th e Order, and its Foundations call 011 the Archbishop. Sillce this pictllre was taken Lord Wakehurst has ret ir ed and has bee/l sllcceeded by The Lord Caccia.
m:bank5giiJing ]!lap
All these factor have had their influence on nur ing. The role of th e nur e is now much wider and her range of knowledge has increased. The actual physical work of nursing has been li gh tened but the patient relies even more on the nur se for upp ort and reassurance. Nur ing i ju s t as demanding as it ever was, but the demands are rather different. It is in a n attempt to meet the se new demand s th at the Manual ha s been changed.
While it was generally appreciated that changes were necessary, it was diffi cult to decide just what alteration would be of most benefit t o member s. However, it did seem that many nursing procedu res had been simp lified , often by the use of new or di posable m a teri a ls. As these material them se lves are constantly being improved , nur sing technique s will inevitab ly alter. For thi s rea so n a great deal of detailed inf orma ti on has been omitted , but principles h ave been explained as far a po ss ible . Once the basic principles of a nur sing procedure are unden;tood, the details can be adapted t o s uit both the individual patient and the ac tual equipment ava il ab le. It is because the se prin c iple s can be adapted under the d oc tor' s instructi o n that individ ua] diseases are not included in the Manua1.
The Manual will theref ore pr ov ide only the (Con tinu ed on page 47)
4 to his illness; they must certainly be con sidered in hi s tr ea tment and recovery.
By COLONEL J. M. WEST,
C.B.E., T.D., D.L. Appeals Chairman. St. John COllncil, Shropshire.
The annual ervice of Thank giving for the deliverance of the i land [rom the ieges of 1565 and 1941 was due to start.
The Cathedral could hardly have included another body a we waited for the Cardinal Archbishop to enter and for the Te Deum to begin
Di gnitaries of the Law and the Service had taken their place, the acting Prime Minister and finally the Governor had been conducted to thei r eat. Sudde nly the organ pealed out and the Archbi hop, accompanied by the ecclesiastical hierarch y, moved quickly up the ais le to hi fald tool and then to his throne and the Te Deum began in the Church which the Knight had built a nd where they had sung it in all the years following their deliverance from the Turkish horde .
The ervice over , we emerged into the sun hine and witnessed the laying of wreaths by the Lord Prior and other representative of the Order and the Ambulance Bri gade.
In the af ternoon , I made my way to the Fort of St. Angelo, which , on this great holiday, wa open for all to visit. At the entrance a Malte e mother begged me to take charge of two mall boys- about ix and eight years old -as children would only be admitted if accompanied by an adult. I agreed, alway providing they would behave properly. This was, of course. promi ed by all concerned, and immediately the ticky little hand of the six year old grasped mine firmly and I wa led steadily forward . " Are these boys with you?' a policeman enquired As the grip on my hand wa firmer than ever 5
it eemed nothing but the truth to affirm that they were. Warning us that we mu t al 0 leave the fortre together , the policeman allowed u to pa
It wa very hot. The sun beat down on the stones a we steadily mounted the paved road, and con equently I wa not inclined to move at the fa t pace which my "captors" thought suitable. However, they re igned themelve to it and a de ultory conver ation en ued. Where did they live? Where did I? Where did they learn their Engli h ?-and 0 on.
teadily we continued to mount the sloping roadways until we reached the battlement Here there was no he itation and I wa firmly propelled through a mall hedge to the edge of the battlement, from which I had a splendid view of the Reg atta Cour e in the Grand Harbour below. One was reminded of Henley and the line of punts along the boom But here the punt were replaced by the picture que Malte e boats with their coloured post ri ing from either end
Sati fied that they had e tabli hed me in a good position to watch the racing, the boy obviou l y felt that their dutie were at an end and they moved away to join their friend, giving me a friendly wave as they moved off. Although we had agreed to leave together at 3.30 (they had urged 4 p.m .), we never aw one another again. A tbey lived in Birgu, not far from the entrance to the Fort, I a ume they had no difficulty in finding their way hClme- provided they eluded the policeman!
FIRST AID-Removal of the injured
By W. J. N.
All that day, and f o r five o r six h o urs more o n the following morning, the seamen o f tl:e ALBI?N and the V ESU VIUS, being well prov Ided wIth stretchers, laboured hard, and with cheerful alacrity , at the business of carrying the sufferers o n board ship.-Kinglake's Invasi o n of the Crimea.
The occasion when these lines were penned was a very long time ago but although the methods of handling and removing injured have advanced with the passing years it occurred to me. that the principles involved appear to have remamed unchanged. The latest edition the Am HANDBOOK introduces the subject wlth an excellent approach, when it that the comfort and well-being of the patIent IS the first consideration and warns of frequent handlin g and rough or hurried evacuation being harmful to the patient.
The Manual goes on to speak of how in the control of shock the prevention of blood loss into the injured tissues by the immobilisation of fractures and large wounds is of the first order of importance. The methods of. the removal of sick or injured persons are descn bed as: -
Assistance or hand carriage by one or more bearers.
The aim of the first-aid treatment applied is to enable the patient to reach hi s destination without his condition becoming worse and the Manual indicates the points which be regularly checked, namely: -
The airway is open;
Bleeding is controlled;
Fractures and large wounds are properly immo bilised;
The patient's general condition and comfort is satisfactory;
Dressings are adequate and undisturbed;
Pulse and breathing are regularly checked; The transport is safe.
(Note the final point "The Transport is safe".)
Now let u glance a t h ow Sir Ge orge Th om a Beatso n , K. C.B ., K.B. E., V.D., B.A.(CANTAB), M.D. (EDIN), dealt with the s ubject when he , wrote the Official Handbook of the St. Andrew s Ambulance As sociation at that time in 1893. The author, in his word s of wi sd om , remind s u that be ides rendering such "fir t aid" as been. taught , it may often fall to the lot of the FIrst Alder t o undertake the removal of a sick or injured per so n to a place of safety The Go od Samaritan, it will be remembered , no t only applied the neces a r y "fir t dre sing" of wine and oil to the wounded man, but "he set him o n hi s ow n bea st and brought him to an inn " .
The fir s t aid pupil is reminded that the rem oval of injured per so n s may n ot be an easy m a tt er, and that so me training in the different meth ods is desirable. The Handbo o k p oints o ut that th e nature of the a sistance to be rendered to a disabled per o n will vary with the nature of the case, the se verity of the acc ident , and as to whether the ambulance pupil h as to effect the rem ova l alone or with one or m o re helper s.
When the ambulance pupil is alone, and pr ovided the patient ha escaped injury to l?wer lim b s and can walk, then the great pomt 1 to render assistance in the proper way, and the m a tter should not be beneath n o tice becau se of it apparent simplicity The meth od is accomplished by the di sabled perso n s upp orting him elf on the a rm of the fir st aider and leaning hi weight o n it, but a better plan is the method explained by Dr. Cullingworth in hi s lecture on Sick Nursing amongst the Poor in the Manche ter Health Lecture of 1880-1881. Thi s is the Human "Crutch " meth od illustrated in the pre ent First Aid Manual.
Where the patient cannot walk and the taider ha s to lift and carry a di abled per on wlthout a ss i tance menti on is made of the Cradle Lift or the Pick-a-back method . The chapter carrie a comment o n the latter meth od a nd p oints o ut th at the method of m o unting the di sa bled per so n on the bearer' back was o ne very much in vogue in the day s when tran sp o rt m a terial was ver y sca nty, and Professo r Longmore, aJ?- eminent medical authority in hi s day, had eVIdently remarked that it was in thi s way Baron Percy, the originator of the s tretcher-bearers ier s) in the French Army, gallantly carned off a wounded fell ow -officer over a p ontoon bridge across the Rhine under heavy fire from th e Au strian guns.
The Fireman's Lift is then explained in so me detail and the author points out that the meth od
(Continued on page 33)
SHA R ON NEILL, Hem e l H e mpst e ad Nursin'g Cadet Division, holdin g the
.A .F. TrophY which is awarded to the cadet with the most hours of voluntary dut
a big da y for Sharon as she also rece ived her certificates
, of
abollt Ivhom we ma y not h ea r bllt of whom we are prolld to be colleagues.
MORE BLACKPOOL 'BRIGHT LIGHTS '
NOTTS
ed cadets aft e r th e ce re mon y h e ld at the Hornb y Road H ea dquart e rs. A very warm welcome to Ih e mit is hop ed that some ma y look a littl e l ess appreh e nsi ve in. tim e. Some of li S bark but f ew bite. Bla ckpoo l G
(A ho ve). Pictllr e shows: DR. IAN MACKENZIE, D e put y Commission.er, D erbvshire, talking to Th e Lad y Mo yra Brown e, D ep ut y Superintendent-in-Chief, and " Lt.-Col. Arthur Gorin g, Assistant Commissioner-in-Chief, al the training course h e ld at Nottingham Uni ve rsit y Dr Mack e n z ie gave a very int e rest in g paper on th e dan gers of ex p e rim e ntin g with drugs. P R OUD R ECO R D OF OLLE RTON FAMlLY. Pictllr e shows J e nllifer H e ll h e r falher Mr G eo rge H e ll alld g randmoth e r Mrs Doroth y H e ft who, between them, hav e clocked lip 77 years s e rvi ce ill St. f o hn. Not ill th e photo g raph , but very much in the pictllre, is allot h er gr and-dau g ht e r Elaine who is flag bearer for th e Oll er t o ll Nursillg Cadet Dil ision f e lll/ti f e r has jllst g ain ed h e r Grand Prior 's Badge.
Work sop Gu ardia n
BESTWOOD & CALVERTO AMBULA CE CADET DIVISIO S Tw en t v -nin e Cadets were e nr o ll ed this ye ar (after "a Service condllcted by th e Vicar of Calverton, the R e I'. T O. Ho y le), by the Assistallt Area Commissioll er Air. J E. Wood. Also in the picture: D / O. D Selby, A/S/O. G. Pe pp erdav alld D / O. P W. Smith. Un.fortllnately cade t is 110t identified.
Henfordshire Hemel Hempstead Gazelle
PUBLIC DUTIES IN KENYA
By District Superintendent eN)
Mrs. c. A. A. EVERARD, S.R.N.
After a recent Agricultural Show in ' airobi.) was making out a detailed list of casualties treated during the five days of the show. I am sure men:ber s of the Brigade will be interested to hear of the vanety of cases treated at these duties- May I ha ten to say the e a re th.e usual things we treat and train our members to cope with, and in no way exceptional.
On the first day we had a man bitten by a leopard. This animal had on show at the Wild Life Pavilion and was picked for display as being "well behaved." The man had to be taken to the nearest hospital where he required 12 stitches in his leg. The same we treated an employee of the Museum, who had been bItten by a puff adder. As a matter of fact he was quite a regular "customer" of ours as his snakes hil!l three times during the five day, usually dUring hI daily display of milking the snakes.
On the second day we treated a visitor from Denmark who was gored by boar and a member of the Police Band who was bitten by a man. We later had to treat a woman attacked by a hyena.
These cases are additional to the usual crop of cuts and bruises, falls from horses and kicks by cattle that are usual at agricultural shows everywhere.
We also had a large number of heat exhaustion ca e which are mostly treated with half hour's re t and a large tumbler of water and salt.
On several occasions, we have to treat tribal suffering from variou complaints, but when they arnve in the First Aid Post wearing only a blanket knotted on one shoulder and the whole body covered 1O a. mixtur.e of red earth (ochre) and oil, tht?ir face covered In multicoloured paint, it is r'!-ther difficult. to examlOe them without getting everythtng covered 10 red ochre and almost impossible to say if they are pale or flushed!
Added to this, is the language difficult y. come from all over the country for the Annual Nairobi Show. and some 30 different dialects are spo ken in Kenya , in addition to Swahili and English, and by no means do all people speak one or the other of these two official languages. So we have to be interp.reters as well and sign language has to be resorted to at t imes.
All these incidents add to make our duty periods most interesting as you never know what is coming ne xt.
ARE YOU IN THE RED?
Please help us by sending your subscription a month before it runs out, overseas readers, lwo months in advance. If you can't remember the renewal date, may I suggest that next time you pay you make a note in your diary .
RHODESIA TOP CADETS
SALISBURY AMBULANCE CADET DIVISIO , winners of th e anl111al First Aid competition. Pictllr e shows: Stanley Kelly, Peter Spiropolo1ls. Frank dll Pree z. Lucio Mantovani and Brian Woolaston
CANADA
BULAWAYO NURSING CADET DIVJSIO ,winn ers il1' the Nursing Cadet Section. Pictllr e shows: Janis W y ness , Bridget MlIrph y. Hillar y A IIbury and L y nn e Thompson. Apart from th e ir skill in all e ndin g th e injured th e ir h em-lines ar e also very much with it Per haps R EGULAT IONS will hav e all am e ndm e nt saying "show a l eg."
CANADIAN ATIO AL EXH IBITION- ONTARIO COU IL BOOTH. Work of th e St. John adets were featllred at the ex hihitioll On th e "heavy" side demonstrations of artificial res piration and on th e "f lip -s id e" IIs ef lll and d ecor ati ve handicrafts. During th e thr ee weeks of the exhibition. man)' it e ms were mad e which wOllld b e distribllted to hospitals and h omes hy th e Cadets.
SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Unfortunately the very intcre ti ng R eport from South Australia wa not accompanied by pictures. It is mo :, t attractively prod uced and con tai ns orne excellen t illustrations- to be fair, we have had one or two in 1968. the period to which the report refers The Brigade, in Australia, wa inaugurated in 1902, and now have one of the mo t comprehen ive and up-to-date rescue quads. As they were one of the first to train a parachute re cue unit it is quite pas ible that (w ith a rocket launching base near to hand) they may well be itting on the moon when the next landing i made!
As we have noted before "The Call of St. John " (S.A.'s Hou e Magazine), apart from being full of news from the Division. alway comes up with orne quotes which strike (uncomfortably) home. For instance: "Great minds discu s idea, small minds discu people." My favourite, however. i "To get everyone' attention, nothing will beat a good, b ig mi take"- the ex-Editor (almost) should be world-famou. eriously. the Inter-Di trice Competitions held at Port Elizabeth thi year brought success to atal. The Nur ing Cadets won their ection. A /e. Ian Carpenter and A/C. Lindsay Whyte-Sweet were first and second in the Highest Individual Marks.
Mr. and Mrs. A. J. E. (affectionately known as Bert and Florrie) Lowe, celebrated 60 year of happy marriage thi year. We join our coLleagues in wi hing them a happy future. Bert joined the Brigade in 1915 (Berea Ambulance Divi ion). and gave invaluable ervice at the t. John Military Ho pitaL Congella, Durban. He later joined the Greville R ailway Ambulance Divi ion of which he became Superintendent. The Ii t of hi appointment and promotion are too many to Ii t. Although Florrie doe not appear, from the report to have been a member of the Brigade , it was her support and encouragement which helped Bert to fulfil the many years of ervice to the community
Canadian Pictures Ltd.
"Pro Utilitate Hominum "
By 1. M STEWART, 102 FeIth am Ambulance Dill.
They say that the be t way to learn is by exper!ence, and how true it is. During my 20 odd year of servIce as a full-time member of the Ambulance Service, I have learnt not only about first-aid and medical matters, but also a great deal about life and human nature.
It is amazing how one's horizon is by with the var ious people in various walks of lIfe, suffenng from various diseases and injuries.
You learn to be tole ra nt towar ds th e per so n who is a lways moanin o a bout hi s or her sa d lot, a nd ma ke a ll owa nces for th eir remark s a nd behav iour , rea li sin g that it is not entir ely the ir fa ult th a t t hey act in t hi s way
You laugh and joke with the happy-go-lucky person who is always making light of their misfortune although probably knowing that they will never get better.
Y our mind is ta ke n off yo ur own t rou bl es fo r a br ief spe ll , a s you reali se t ha t there is a lways someo ne wo rse off t ha n yourself.
It is a happy and rewarding feeling, knowing that people are trusting in you, and sharing their little secrets and persona l problems with you.
It is not always a pleasant job however.
O ne of the worst parts of the job, as any ambulance man or woman will readily admit, is being called to a badly injured or sick child, especially if you have children of your own about the same age.
I have seen grown men with tears streaming their faces at such a scene, and indeed, I have had dIfficulty in controlling my own emotions on many occaSlOn .
O ne of my most vivid recollections (before I joined the Ambulance Service) was seeing a little girl, about four or five years old, knocked down by a car. I was very old myself at the time, having just begun my first Job I was on my way home from work, and as I passed a o.f shops, a little girl ran out of one of them and IOtO the road. The motorist had no chance of avoIding her. I ca n s till hea r her bein g dragged a long th e gr ound un der that ca r. Before I could gather my wits about a. parent ran from the shop .a nd, without the child up and ran back mto the shop. The chIld lay stilI clutching a doll in her arms. I learnt that she had been killed instant ly.
I vaguely remember making my way. home in my eyes, and the scene that I had wItnessed stIlI vIvid in my mind.
I beli eve th a t it was t his in ci dent t hat ma de me jo in the St. John Ambulance Brigad e, a nd deci de to be a f ull -t im e Ambulance man
When you are dealing with case like thi s you have no time to think too much about It at the tllne, as you are too busy doing what you can for the patient.
It is when you get back to the station a.nd. make a cup of tea, that you start thinking about the JOcldent, and It hits yo u. .'
Yes I have seen death many times, dunng my serVIce, but I have been privileged to witness the beginning of many new lives.
I ha ve had to deli ver no less t han 20 ba bi es durin g my ser vice T hi s scor e includ es tw in s (T he mother was mo re surpri sed th a n I was)
The places of birth varied from kitchen floors to bedrooms, but most l y in the back of ambulances, and I nearly had to deliver one in a cinema once.
When you are on the accident ambulance, you must be prepared to dea l with anything .th.at may come along, and you rea lise the importance of training.
Althou gh you seldom meet with an accident that conforms strict ly to the text book, and have to use your own
methods of treatment in many ca es, t he importance of t he basic know ledge of t he standards a laid down in the text book is brought home to you.
A cla ic example is the rule that no head Injury hould be neglected, and all uch hould be seen by a doctor. The importance of thI S rule was brought home to me on one particular occa ion . . It was during the morning rush to get work. A cyc!1 t was hit by a van, and in falling, struck head a glancll1g blow on the ide of the vehicle. On arrIval we were that we were not required a nobody was badly: hurt , In fact we had to look for the patient , who was walkll1g about and was more concerned with getting the motorist' name and addre s, and the damage to hi s machine, than to hi s own condition.
He was most annoyed at our sugges tion that he should go to hospital for a check up , and tated that there wa nothing wrong with him , and that he would be late for work.
On examining him, we certainly could find not hlng seriously wrong with him, he had not been uncon SC IOUS , he did not appear to be badly shocked, th ere was no other injury to his body and there w,:,-s only a red mark on his head where he had struck It on the vehIcle. There wa no sign of bruising. At this the law and he again protested that he wa all nght and dId not want to go to hospital.
However , the combmed efforts of and myself finally convinced him that it would be In hIS mt erest to go for a check up , even if it was only for the IO s urance cover in ca e of later development s. On the way to the hospital in the ambulance, he turn ed to n:e a.nd aid, " I am beginning to get a headache." We left hIm IO Ca ualt y, and proceeded with another job.
The next day we had occa ion to take another ca e Int o Casualty, and r' asked about our T he re pl ied that they had decided to keep him m for a nd he had died during the night. Apparently, O? stnkmg. hi hea d on the side of the vehicle, he had sustamed a Itght crack in his skull and it had caused very light bleeding, which however continued until it had built up inside hi sku ll had death from compression due to cereb ral haemorrhage. The bleeding wa 0 ligl"!t , that the tors at the hospital did not at first realtse that hIS condItIon was so serious. F rom that moment onwards I treated all cases of head inj uries with re pecL
On another occasion we were called to a man who had been knocked down b y a car and, on arrival, we were told that the man had a leg injur y, but had down a slight incline to a house near by and was havtng a Cup of tea. He mLlst have seen us arrive and came out of the house and proceeded to walk to the ambulance; a he starte d up the incline , he s uddenly collapsed.
Audio Visual Aids in Medical Education
By REGINALD HALL, B.Sc , M.D., M.R.C P ,
Senior L ec turer in Medicine, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Ex/roc/ from Article ill "Britis h Medical ./ ournal" of October 4, J969
The term audio vi ual a id is be t used [or device which can hel p conventional teaching methods such as the lecture , clinical demonstration, or the textbook. Many aids- for examp le, the blackboard and colour transparencies-a re a lre ady in use, but more modern facilities s uch as the overhead projector, the aUdiotape, and the film loop a re little used.
The term aud io visual sy tem i used for teaching methods which can replace the lecturer to a greater or Ie ser extent- for example, film , audiotapes with slides, teaching programmes pre ented either by machine or te xt, an d televi ion programmes. These elf-instructional technique s can be adapted either for individual or [or group tuition
Two major group of teaching ystems-aud iotapes with slide s and films will now be con idcred.
AUDIOT APES WITH SLIDES
the tape Technique adopted [rom programmed learning ma y also be applied to the system.
De pite the exi ting popularity of the audiotape system with slides, careful eva] uation of its effectiveness and efficiency is still required, and the most suitable format to be used in different learning situation mu t be estab!:shed. Harden et al. (969) have shown that medical tudents u ing a tape-slide programme on endocrinology on average did better than tudent taught by conventional lectures, though obviously many factors such as the novelty of the new teaching method could have contributed to thi result. The Department of Audio Vi ual Communication of the Briti h Medical As ociation, under its director Mr. Charles Engel, supported by a grant from the Nuffield Foundation, is in the proce s of evaluating the preparation and use of aUdiotapes for individual learning at difTerent level - preclinical and clinical, undergraduate and po tgraduate, and in different learning situations-in tead of a lecture. The results of the e tudies should help to e tablish the use of audiotape on a firm scientific basis
FILMS
Conventional 16mm film of varying length and quality are available from B M A. film library and from various pharmaceutical firms. Many of these films are disappointing , frequently they present unacceptable or out-of-date information , and they must always be previewed before presentation to a medical audience. The recent reorganization of the B .M. A. film library has led to many film being withdrawn as out of date or unfit for pro jection.
A sho rt length of film (the short film unit) overcome many of the disadvantage of the conventional film; it ma y be used to portray a brief sequence of movement in i olation or with other short film units. Out-of-date units are easily and ine xpe nsivel y replaced ; a unit can be viewed several times and can be integrated as a visual or audio visual ai d into a lecture , seminar, or clinical demonstration.
Sixteen-millimetre film ma y be u ed for short units, but the film and projector are expensive, and it is difficult to rewind the film rapidly. Standard or uper 8mm film i cheaper, and everal pecial projector have been produced which are particularly suitable for operation by the individual student.
T hat was another les on Do not think a patient cannot wa lk wit h a fractured leg
Another pitfall to be avoided is as uming that a patIent i dead.
I well remember an ambulance crew dropping a brIck over this. They arrived at the cene of the call and were told by a young police-constable that they were not wanted as patient was dead and the polIce-surgeon had been fOI. They took him at hi word and returned to the s tatIon.
About 20 minutes later they were called to the ame pot and found that the patient had been examined by th e police- urgeon and wa not dead He did die eventually.
The proper procedure is for the ambulance crew .to see the body, and if there is no doctor on the pot to certIfy the
(Cont inu ed 011 page 24)
On arrival at the llo sp ital , it wa found that he had a fractured tibia. 12
Tape-slide programmes have been widely used in undergraduate and po tgraduate medical education in Britain l arge ly a a re ult of the pioneer work of Dr. John a nd Dr Valerie Graves, who have developed the Medic a l Recordin g Service of the Ro yal College of General Practitioner. What ha not been fully realized in the past is that the tape recording with slides is a completely new medium an d not merely the reproduction of a conventional lecture with slide Pl ayback y tems must be sufficie ntl y simple and reliable for the student 's u e without supervision. The "C" type audiotape ca se tte i probably ideal for thi purpose, ince it does not require to be threaded on to the tape machine . Various type of playback machines are ava il able for tape or for cas ette In the faculty of Medicine of the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne the Phillip s tereo machine ha been used Slide change pulses of about 30 cycle per second are recorded on the econd track of the tape and after amplification in a ynchronizer are used to trigger the lide change mechani m of an automatic proj ector-in thi case the Kodak Carou el "S" projector. In the Univer it y o[ Glasgow, Harden and Wayne (J 968) have de cribed the u e of the Frank-Kindermann audio vi ual tutor machine, wh ich i commercially avai lable, thou gh it i rather ive. The t ape and ca settes issued by the College of General Practitioner s do not include any slide-cha nging impul e. the listener merely b e ing told the number of the appropriate lide. Though this y tem can be used with the simple t equipment, Harden et 01 ( 1969) have hown that students prefer an automatic sy tern, which al 0 results in more efficient learnin g, though further studies a re required to confirm the generality of this conclu ion. The audiotape sy tern m ay be used for individu al tuition with a mall creen and headphones, or for small groups of students. Programme de ign ha been cons!dered by Harden et al. (1968), Engel ( 1969) , and b y Amo et 01. (1969), all of whom tr es th e advantage of this y tem When lide are u ed, a they u uaUy are, it i vital that the visual pre se nt at ion i in tep with the sound - the viewer can tolerate neither a blank creen nor the continuing projection of an irrelevant tide The student can top, start, or go back a t will; he can look and listen simultaneously; he can be referred to histological section, diagram , or short films; and recording of ph y iological phenomen a can be incorporated into 13
Cassette containing endle loop film are available for in ertion into ilent film projector (for example. the Technicolor loop film projector, about £50) or ound film projectors (for example, the American Fairchild Mark IV projector, about £250). The endles loop sy tern can be stopped at any time and the cassette removed but it cannot be rever ed to look at an earlier equence. A econd type of ca ette projector u e automatic threadi ng from a rna ter pool on to a receivi ng pool, with facilitie for rapid rewinding Here it i po ible to stop or rever e, but the film cannot be removed before rewinding. One example of a loop film i that recently published by Macmillan and Company on the ubject of embryology by Hamilton, Boyd , and Gleni ter, as five 8mm loop film With each i is ued an illu trated booklet of explanatory note and background information Neverthele s, the re ult i omewhat disappointing, pos(Co ntinued on page 24)
WALES
B
A BRAVE ATTEMPT Suffolk
AM BULANCE MEMBE R E RI C SM ITH, Lowestoft
A mbZ/ lance Division, gave mOllfh-to-mouth and external cardiac massage resuscitation to a 92-year-old man who collapsed ill th e street. Eric continued his effor t s lI ntilthe amb u lance arrived. Unfortunate l y h is efforts were in vain as t he casualty was certified dead on arrival at the Iiospital. H owever, the report of his actions are commended as heillg in accordance with "the besttraditiolls of St. Johll." Eric is 19 years old.
HERTS
M R LEONA RD PE R CEY, w h o h as recently retired after 16i years as Commissioner for Hertfordshire, was presented with a silver tea-service and a cheque for { I OO by SI R GE OR GE
B U R S, Lord Lieutenant and County President of Hertfords h ire, on behalf of St. Jo h n members. I lL his address, Sir Geo rge sa id " H ours mean 11 0thing to him. H e has a l ways bee n o n h alld w h en needed. I n 1953, whe n he was first appoirbted, the Brigade strength ill the county was 779, 011 his retirement ilL 1969 it is over 1,900-the f igures speak for themselves."
Lt.-Col. Goring, Assis t ant Commissioner- i n-C luef gave a stimulatin g ta l k on respo ll s i bility, co-operat ion a ll d init iative.
loca l publications and news of current events - with
LANCASHIRE LADS
O . The event was the Maxol AA.A marathon held ill Manchester. Derek, one of Alls t ralia's best marathon runners, had to receive treatmel/ll from members of the Brigade after finislzing secolld i ll the race.
Eric Smith
Basil Troth , picture from E venin g Po s t , R ea din g.
CA R C RASH ES IN TO C ROWD . A numb e r ot sp ec/ators a/ the au/a c ross m e e/ing at Spencers Wood w e re injured wh e ll a car crashed indo the crolVd. A mon)g them was a young gir l with sllspected fractures - fol'lunat e l y, Oil e Xamll1ation in hospital , her injuri e s w e re found to be very s e ve re bruising. As /lSl/al members of the Brigade were on the spot to d eal with the casualti e s , most of whom were suffe ring from shock.
LANeS-FAMILY "TEACH-IN"
IAN GARDNER, brother JOHN and elder brother WILLIAM at a session of a famil y First Aid "Teach-in. ," setting an example to evervone that a knowledge of first aid is and you've got to keep at it. J ohn (15), represented his Division al the finals of "Venture 69" (sponsored by the "Evening Gazerte"). Ian (12), in add iti on to being a first-aider, is P ress representative for his Division - the Editor of the" R eview " wishes she had known this before- with a view to shelving some of the sllbhing chore! Oddl y enough I an wants to be a fir e man and not a PRO. St. J ohn runs in the famil y Mr. Frederick Gardner, th ei r father, is, among ot h er things, 011 the Blackpool S.J.A.A. Cent re Commiflee.
BERKS
Readers with defective sight
What is thought to be the first detailed tudy of the problems of de igning books for the partially sighted ha just been publi hed by the Library Association after two years work.
Officially regi tered in thi country are 33 ,500 partially sighted people, but it is known that this figure is well below the total number.
The re earch project wa launched b y a special subcommittee of the Library A ociation and wa carried out by one of the Association ' re earch tafT , Mi Ali on Shaw.
III his introduction to the Report, Arnold Sors b y, c. n. E., M.D., F.R.C.S., E meritu s Professor in Ophthalmology at the Ro ya l College of S urgeon s and the Ro ya l Eye HO SI)ital says that the problem i s complicated by the fact that " partial s ight" has no exact meaning. " It clearly excludes both total blindness and normal sig ht, but sti ll l eaves a very wide range of v is ua l di sab ility. F urth ermore , the more severe of these vario us d egrees of partial s ight are not nece sari ly s ta tionar y; in fact, prog r ess ive dete rioration i not uncommon particularl y ill the e ld erl y."
Print for partial sight is the title of the report (the re earch for which was supported by a grant from the Viscount Nuffield Auxiliary Fund). It is obtainable from the Library A ociation or through book eHers at 25s It indicates tbat 35 per cent improved reading per[ormance can be achieved by improving the t y pography T y pe si ze i clearly one of the rna t im portan t factor but that is not to ay tbat book s in ex tra-large print are required b y all partially ighted reader or that legibilit y increa e indefinitely with ucce ive increase in the ize of t ype. ' There does in fact a ppear to be a ba ic difTerence between the parti a ll y ighted adult and the partiall y ighted child in coping with print ," a y the report. " A partially ighted child retain hi powers of accommodation , even though he h a s one or more eye di ea e , a that he is able to enlarge the image for himelf b y bringing the object cIa e to hi e y e with ea e and without doing any harm "
Boldn cs of the ty p e is a lso show n to b e import a nt , but the ty pe face it elf ee m to have littl e effect on readability.
Althou g h primaril y concerned with problem of t ypographic de ign and la y out the report also consider other f a ctor uch a normal rea ding habit and degree of intere t in reading in relation to people with defective vi ion
R epo rt issued by The Library Association 7 Ridgrnount Street, London W.e.1
FROM HEAD TO TOE
Above he I tem give ome very u e ful information for tho s e with defective ight- now we come to our feet , a n e sential can ideration for an y first-aider and nur e! In a booklet publi hed by Dr Scholl Foot Comfort ervice there are u eful and do-it-your elf hint to keep you on your toe
Thi publication deals with the ba ic rea on why foot trouble develop , such a too much standing. too little wa lk ing , how the way you walk affect s your hoe a that you walk wrongly and thi can lead to strain on other parts of the body
From an anatomical point of view the followin g extracl i intere ting :
a ture h a de igned a perfect piece of mechani m in the hum a n foot. It con i t of twent y -ix bones, kilfully arranged to fom1 a series of arches The framework of the foot is supported by ligaments , mu c1e and tendon and through them run a network of arterie vein and nerve The condition of all these inter-related parts vitally important to faultless functioning of the foot.
Tripod formation-the three weight-bearing point
The foot ha two main arches- the inner longitudinal arch and the metatar sal arch Together the e two arche form three weight-b e aring point ; one at the heel. one at the base of the littl e toe and one at the base of the great toe. This tripod formation give each foot a perfect balance and it i when thi s balance i di turbed that foot trouble often occur.
Because the foot ha to bear the whole weight of the body, it i strongl y can tructed It enable u to walk. run. jump and tand on tiptoe. To mak e a many different movement the foot mu t be flexible. a it i a ls o a delicate tructure If y ou study the diagram you will understand why uch a marvellou sly complex mechani m often fail to tand up to all the train that are put upon it. and why it i a important to keep your feet fit.
Please Renew your HReview "
Promptly
MORE ABOUT MALTA THE PARADE
U.K. CONTINGENT
LIEUTE
OUR HERITAGE
The DIAMO D JUBILEE CELEBR.t\TIO S of the.formation ?f the Brigad e in Malta added another page to the history of our hentage 10 the ServIce of MankInd h Members from all over the world attended and, a usual when anyone Malta, t er e was an extremely full programme:-everyone in the Island wants to entertaIn you, meet y OLl and make sure that you see everythIng. 16 th
There is much to see, whether you are scholar or Idle Roman remaIn s, century architect ur e, the Grand Harbour ar:d fiI?-e new modern buIldIng s . But for St. . John mem bers the thing that str ikes one most forcI b ly IS the fact that one can hardly move WIthout seeing the eight-pointed Cross. f I 1'1"
As yo u clim b up the terraced and raise: your eyes Flag 0 t 1e pre sent le s , as often as not , over a b uilding on which IS carved ( Ill the beautIful the colour of muted su nsh ine) , one of the Coats of Arm s of the Knights because the buIldIng had
O UR HE RITAGE-continu ed
for the Knights during their occupation when , with the people of Malta , they withstood the might of the Turkish Empire and Malta became known a s the " Bulwark of Chri s tianit y."
Th e Pal a ce of the Grand Ma s ter s is full of hi s toric a l trea s ure s. Th e Ro yal Li brar y, which has wh a t mu s t be a uniqu e record of the history of the Langues The tomb in the St. John Cathedral of Grand Ma te r Jean de la valette (aft er w hom the capital is named commemorating the Great Siege ), to name but a few places wher e the influence of the Order has left its mark
In Malta there are nearl y 1,000 members of the Brigade and we wi s h them every succe ss a nd look forward to th e 75th Anniversary celebrations
Tod a y the original creed of " without di s tinction of class, race or creed " has a wider me a ning- embracin g tho se who need succour and tho se who give it. It is something of which we a re justly proud th a t , while revering the p a t we have progre ss ed with the need s of each ag e and ca rri ed out, in th e full es t interpret a tion , our motto of " For the Service of Mankind ."
Sto John Ambulance
Transport Department Guernsey
Since the report in the " Review " on the work of the full time member of St. John Ambulance Tran port Department in Guern ey three major piece of new equipment have been added to their Headquarter at the Roh ais Ro ad in the Island capital of t. Peter Port
COMMUNICATIONS BREAKTHROUGH
Valued at over £10,000 i a Vehicle State Indicator ystem, designed and manufactured b y W S Malden Ltd. , of Crawley, Su sex. The ystem, believed to be a world "fir t", dispen es with the need for voice tranmi sions for routine message s, and with the control room handling something like 50,000 s uch me ss age per year, saves a tremendous amount of time and paper work (each message used to be timed and recorded by h an d in a report book).
Using the new V.S.l. ystem, controller can tell immediately the position of every vehicle in the fleet , whether or not they are available and if the y are "at " or " proceeding to " an incident. If the controller are face d with an emergency in a particular area, the y can tell immediately if a vehicle is near the scene and if it i available.
The equipment in the control room is " up-d a ted " electronically by the receipt of a split-second ignal sent from a sma ll unit attached to each vehicle's radio transmitter. At the arne in t ance a coded vi i ble record is automatically printed and time recorded on a paper roll.
AQUA-LUNG DIVERSNEW RESCUE AID
The second piece of equipment is a re-compre sion chamber, air bottles and compressor.
On the rocky coastlines and off-shore of the Channel I sland are the hunting ground of aqua-lung divers , both profe ssional an d amateur. In recent years, accidents have occurred resulting in several divers developing the Bends, " otherwise known as Central Nervous Decompression Sickness.
Treatment of thi complaint is urgent , and consequently Guernsey St. John have considered it nece ary to acquire this "one man " re-compression chamber.
This equipment alone is not s ufficient to treat a fully established case of the bends but it doe s reduce the ri sk of the condition becoming progressive and makes it possible for a sick diver to be transported to a special unit (in Guernsey 's case, at Cherbourg in northern France), where arrangements have been made to fly a patient immediately it was found necessa ry.
A NEW ROLE
The third item is a Breeches Buo y R ocket et. Thi form of rescue service i normall y undertaken in the Briti hIles by the men of H.M. Coa tguard but as the Channel Islands do not come within thei r sphere of activity, it is being undertaken by the Guernsey St. John
A member of the Coastguard service is to visit Guernsey shortl y to train the ambu lance personnel in its operation. It will be mainly used when a ship or mall boat is driven a hore in he avy ea a nd i inac -
ces ible owing to weather condition b y lifebo at, in hore re cue boat , or helicopter .
All thi equipment, the V.SJ. valued at £10,000, the Re-COml)ression Chamber cosfing £2,000, and the Breeches Buoy over £400, ha s been l)Drcha sed through the generosity of tbe Hayward Foundation of England to whom St. John in Guern sey are deeply indebted.
SURREY CAMP IN GUERNSEY
By A.S.O. J. E. SMITH
At a camp in Guern ey, 82 Surrey Brigade m em ber. and 12 from Su ex attended. The journ ey by tram and boat went well and the party were met by G uern ey officers H Touzeau and E. Legalle, who give so much wil ling help to vi iting camping parties, de pile th e increa se d demands on their se rvices each year.
Arrival at the site at 6.30 p.m. does not leave much time to erect the camp before du k but all but the fla!! pole was up by supper time. We mu t admit some tents wo uld not have stood a gale th at night, but thi was rectified next morning .
The camp, as usual , was divided into groups or squad and these carried out a rota of camp dutie Cooking was done on a communal ba sis under the directIOn of the quarterma ters. All operation were carned out by the cadets and, therefore , the camp work IS counted a. training and not "fatigues."
Trip were m a de round the land a nd to ne arby ark and Herm W e were pleased to meet cadets and officer from Wales and Somer et, the former who came to our camp concert and joined in the tunts and singing. Somerset we met at the Guernsey H Q in a competition. Guern ey have provided a cup for competition between visiting cadet camps, calling it the "Sa rnia " trophy Thi time Guernsey retained the trophy .
Uniforms are not worn at Surrey camps except [or travel and the camp inspection
This year's in s pection mu s t have been t h e quicke s t parade on record, in and out of uniform within 15 minute s.
The inspecting officers were interested in the variou cooking methods: ga , wood fire, oven made from metal boxes , clay and a chimney of "Ma rvel " tins. The hay box is al 0 u ed with great s ucce ss in cooking porridge. stews, etc.
A 21st birthda y was celebrated in camp, the victim fearing the wo r t (tar and feather), had rather an unnerving day, but only kindness wa hown ( te a in sleep in g bag, cards, present and a cake).
Two item s we shall always remember. fen members assisted the local police in an identify parade (we have a photograph of them all siCCing in THE van). One luckless lad was picked out, but we s hall not have to " drum him out" as it wa all a mi s take.
The highlight on the la t morning after a five a.m. rise , was the appearance of three buglers who sounded the "La t Post" at the latrine s as they were lower ed.
It was indeed a friendly camp.
Surrey cadets have held three weekend camps a nd a team camping competition. in addition, a number of divi sion s have been to the Bexhill s tanding camp and se ni or members (youth co lumn ) h ave had lightw e ig ht expedi ti ons
(See Leiters page 27)
for Wales
1."SH IR E A D ,?E COMBI ED] SPECT[ON. Pi cture sholVs: BI !gadler H K. t:v!atnwartllg and Colonel Sir Watkin Williams (Lord Lieutenants of Flin tsllll:e & D en.b lghsh lr e) w h o inspected the combined parade , and Mrs. A. P ennant, Assistant Clllef Lady L?wther (Pr esident Denbighshire) ana Major General Lewis Pll g lt Deputy Clllef Comm iSSi o n er for Wales.
OLD FRIENDS AND COLLEAGUES
Mall)' readers 'will be glad to know that MISS VE R A LOVETT, for man.), years Pri ory Secretary. is enjoying her retiremellt in Westoll -super-Mare (address: 2, Myross MansiOIl Landemann Circus). but sorry to hear that she has del eloped osteoarthritis ill one hip H er kind alld cheerful/elfers ore always a first post tOllic.
Ml ZOE DRUITT (retired Traillillg Officer of the Pri ory) seems to filld tim e, site allVays did, to mn a gllest h Ollse (Larks Rise, Allee-es-Fees , A Iderll, e.\', 1 ), alld trOl 'e l roulld gil'illg her lively olld extreme l y illstrllctiFe tall,s 0 11 trainillg. Havillg C'xperie ll ced her hospitality at a trainillg course at Barry / call assure allyolle who has fears because of the lIame , Larks Rise. that there is certainly n o calise for co n cel'll! H. R
R UTH I N CADET D IVISION lI'ere the Colollr Party at the com billed Ill spectioll at St. Asaph. The\' are Geraint Wyn JOlles. H elC'1I Williams and A 1111 Car rin gto ll.
Denbighshire Free Press 21
Denbighshire Free Press
THE OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
NORTHERN IRELAND
AREA NURSI G OFFICER W. H. RYAN is one of the most well-known , members of St. John in the COMMANDERY OF ARDS, il1 the Brigad e, in Civil D efence (particlliarly N.H.S.R.), in the Bplfast City Hospital, as lectur er, help er and friend. It is people like "Bill" (of which there are, thank God, maIlY), who not only serve the community efficiently but with efficiency bring warmth and true human kindness. Picture shows him giving a demonstration, on our old friend "Annie," 0/1 how to admin.ister oxygen. Because of his lIntiring efforts there is always a strong band of qualified people to help in an emergency. The Belfast City Hospital Management Committee has done everyt hing in its power to help with facilities for training. During th e recent tragic events in B elfast, Bill, his wife and about 70 members of the N.H.S.R. carried out duties 1U0t only in the hospital but at various posts in the city, often under difficult and sometimes dangerous conditions.
John Warburton
SUFFOLK
SUPERINTENDE T "JIM" RU SELL went onto the Reserve this year after joining the Brigade in 1914. Orwell Works Amblllance Division. A dinner was held in. his honollr earlier this year and the Commissioner, Major Sc hr eiber presented him with a pail' of cuff-links as a token of appreciation from his colleagues. Major Schreiber said in his address h ow much Mr. RlIssell had done for the community and how highly he was esteemed by his colleagues. Like mallY others w h o "retire" Jim will no doubt still he active - we sincerely hope so.
Reproduced by courtesy of Squadron Leader DODD, M.A.
The overhead projector has been used si nce the 1940's, but it is only recently that its possibilities as a teaching aid have been properly appreciated. Even now it is common to dismiss the projector as just another piece of instructional machinery, not because it has been tried and found wanting but becau e it has not really been put to the test at all. Tbere i not much literature on the subject. Report No.4 of the Educational Foundation for Visual Aids (196S) is comprehensive but already dated in parts. Morton J. Schulz's "The Teacher and Overhead Projection " (Prentice-Hall, 1965), which is concerned with American methods, remain the standard work. Other references tend to be occasional and slight.
In the last five years a great many different models have become available, ranging from portable one weighing a few pounds and costing under £100 to heavyweight versions intended as permanent features of large lecture balls. Details of overhead projector are available direct from the manufacturers or from the ational Foundation for Visual Aids, 33, Queen Anne Street, London, W.l.
The overhead projector (unlike most electrical visual aids) can be operated in daylight or full artificial light. Tn addition (an advantage over 16mm. projectors). the machine is worked from the front of the class. This arrangement allows the instructor to face his clas while he its or stands near the overhead projector. Indeed. when the machine is used properly. there is less loss of contact with students and greater class control than with all other vi ual aids - including the blackboard.
It is important to pay some thought to the siting of the projector and the screen. If the screen is placed high up on the front wall, or (better) in a corner of the classroom, there is less chance of the machine and the instructor being in the students' line of sight. A visual aid i useless if it cannot be seen. The projector head must be at right angles to the screen jf a square image i to be produced. The easie t solution to this problem is to tilt the screen forward from the top.
Special screens for u e with the overhead projector are manufactured. Home-made ones are readily constructed - for example from softboard painted matt white and mounted on an ea el; the top of the screen can be tilted forward and tied to the top of the easel with tring.
The instructor has more control of his lesson if he works from the projector and not from the screen. But it is possible to point either on the screen (with the hand or a blackboard pointer) or on the glass plate of the projector (with a small pointer). The former method is nece sary when negative transparencies are being used. because the pointer on the projection stage will not project. But for po itive transparencie a knitting needle or similar makes a good pointer when held firmly on the projection stage. The instructor can read the material on the transparency and face the class, while students read the same material on the creen behind him.
Some manufacturers recommend that the light and fan should be left running for long periods. However. even though the lamp-life may be reduced. it is better to switch on and off as the pre entation of the Ie son require. Once a visual aid has served its purpose it ceases to be an aid and could be a di traction. When the light i switched off and the image i removed from the screen. the students' eyes and attention are at once turned to the instructor. Certainly the fan. which can be quite a distraction, should be turned off whenever pos ible. Some machines are fitted with a thermostatic control a that the fan continues to run for some time after the light has been switched ofT. From the instructor' point of view, it is better to have a single witch which turns off light and fan simultaneously. 23
The overhead projector is suited to nearly all levels of teaching and to most subjects. Mo t of all, the overhead projector is an alternative to the blackboard-enthusiasts might claim that it is a substitute. Transparencies can be made quickly and quite cheaply by hand or by machine, either in single sheet or in two or more thicknesses to build up a graduaJ picture (overlays).
For handmade transparencies a ten-inch square of acetate or the projector's scroll (about SOft. long) serves as the " board. " There are now on the market a great num ber of pens and pencils which will take on acetate; a few makes offer different colours and a consistent line. Some good ones are the Lumocolor Pencil by Staedtler (black, white (projects black) and seven distinct colours), the 3m's felt-tipped pens (fine variety) (water-based; black and nine colours), the Pen tel Marker (spirit-based; black and basic colours). Letra et, Presletta, Chartpak and other transfer processes can be used either direct or to acetate or on to paper for subsequent copying by machine. Transparencies can be made quickly by various machines. Three basic processes are infra-red copying, white-light copying and dyelining.
The fastest and cheapest method is infra-red copying; the Thermofax Secretary (3m's Model 4S) is a good machine. It take only a few seconds to obtain a transparency, which (depending on tbe type chosen) will project black on white (positive, os. 12S. 127 and 133), white (or one of four colour) on black (negative, No. 128), black on a tinted background (129). or one of five colours on a white background (888). The last type allows the build-up of a picture in coloured overlaysa device especiaHy suitable for teaching wiring diagrams, fuel and other systems and for geography and history lessons.
The two limitations of an infra-red copier are that it will take only single sheet and that a high carbon content is needed in the print or line of the original. The white-light (photo-copying) process extends the range of material from which transparencies can be made. The 3m Model 107, for example. will copy (in black and hades of grey only- Tran parency o. 628) from books or si ngle sheet coloured originals.
Dyelining (the ultra-violet exposure and ammonia developing of diazochrome foils) calls for carefully drawn originals. The colour range is extensive. but unless more than five overlays in different colours are needed. infrared copying (Transparency No. 888) is recommended as easier and faster.
It is worth framing tran parencies which are to be u ed more than once. They will store better (incidentally. you cannot store completed blackboards or carry them round in a brief-case) and the frame can be used for notes. Transparencies which are not worth framing can be kept flat if they are slipped beneath the scroll.
Poitive or negative tran parencies. masked with an opaque materiaL can be used for the progres ive disclosure of text or drawing. The effect with negative transparencies can be quite dramatic. Alternatively. strips of acetate. hinged to the frame can be brought into view one by one in any order. as desired.
When overlays are mounted. the in tructor hould decide whether the build-up i to take place in a et order or whether some variation is desirable. If the latter is the case. overlays mu t be hinged to more than one ide of the frame - sellotape or teehinge are ideal for this. A kind of temporary overlay can be achieved by slipping the base transparency under the scroll and adding detail to the croll itself.
(Continued on page 26)
PRO UTILITATE HOMINUM Cant. from page 12
patient is dead to take the patient to the t ho pital. On another occa ion two of my mate might have fallen into the same trap if they had not obeyed thi rule.
The ambulance wa called to a man lying face down in the gutter. It was raining hard at the time the man was laying in a pool of water. The crew was mformed by the police, who were pre ent, that the man wa dead and they had called for the police-surgeon and a van.
Indeed, the man did give the of bell1g dead. He was very cold and apparently not breathmg Fortunately, the attendant on tbis ambulance was a bit of an awkward cuss and was a stickler for the rules. He in si ted that the man' should go to hospital. During the journey the "dea d man " suddenly moved and spo ke, and by the time they had reached the hospital he had greatly recovered. The combination of a change of position and warm blankets mu s t have worked, but if he had been left much longer in th.e water in the position he was in he would have died.
Police fire and ambulance services work well and closely tbgether and their members have been responsible for many instances of first-class first ald.
For example, a young aved the life of a motor-cyclist by prompt and efficlent pre sure on the femoral artery. It was raining and very dark we arrived on the scene. We found that a motor-cyclist had collided with a car, and had sustained fractures and very severe extensive of the nght leg.
The yo un g constab le was applYI ng pressure to tbe artery as the patient was bleedmg. very mdeed H e continued to apply pre s ure while we Immobill se d the limb and got the patient into the ambulance. The constable travelled with us to the hospital and we took it in turns to keep up pressure on the a it wa impossible to apply a constrictive bandage OWll1g to the severity of the injury.
On arrival at the hospital the patient was taken tralght to the theatre. We were s till compressing the artery a ll the way to the theatre and during the preparation for surgery The leg was beyond repa ir and had to be amputated.
It was stated later , by the doctors at the hospital , that the patient would most probably have died had the constable not been so quick in applying pressure to artery. .
It was suggested that he s hould receive a recommendation for some sort of award for his action, but I ne ver learned whether he received it or not. He certainly deserved it.
Another example shows how easily you can miss injuries. Here again it was brought home to me by bitter experience. . .
W e were called to a bad multiple car aCCident m which some five cars were involved.
It was chaotic; there were and injured people everywhere. Most of the casua lti es had fractures and severe lacerations which we proceeded to sort out and treat.
Amongst the casualties was a young woman who did not appear to be badly injured. She was about looking for a shoe which he had lo st m the aCCident. She was led to my ambulance and sat in a seat while we dealt with what we thought, the more se riou s cases.
A' few days later I was required. to. identify tl':e only casualty that had died from that IDcldent. Ima g me my horror to find it was the woman whom we thought was the least injured. She had died from internal injuries.
I could go on giving such examples, but it would probably take up most of the s pace in the magazine- they are so numerous.
You are not in the Service very long before yo u learn the art of improvisation. When you get a case of a big, burly Irishman on top of a high scaffo ldin.g, a con}pound fracture of the Tib and Fib., and hi S leg IS bent 111 an awkward position , and he screa m s whenever yo u touch him' it is rather di sc oncerting, to say the least. this occasion, we could not use the Neil-Rober tso n stretc her owing to the awkward position of lim b we managed to get him down by ?f Imp rov.lsatlon with blankets and pieces of matenal avaIlable. With the 24
help of hi mates we lowered him on a tretcher with ropes tied to eac h handle.
We have found that the N e il-Robertso n stre tcher i very handy not on ly for bringing people down from height or up from sewers, etc., but also for ca es of fractured or other sp ine injurie
You are very lu cky if, dUring yo ur erV lce, you do not fi nd yourse lf in court (on the right s ide of the law, 1 has tcn to add).
1 have been ca ll ed as a witne on numerou s occa Ion
One case involved a charge of man s laughter.
1 wa the attendant on an ambulance which an wered a 999 call to a little boy. On arrival we found the child la y in g on a bed up s tairs, apparently dead" and I could n?t find. any apparent reason for hi s death. fhere were no s ign of external injuries that I could see.
A s no doctor was avai lable, we took him to the near?st hospital where he was certified dead. We th en took .1':1111 to the mortuary, a n d after completing all the formalIties, we returned to the s tation
A few month s later , I was walking in the High S.treet , when I was picked up by a police car. After answerIng a few que tion I was informed a man had been c!1arged with the manslaughter of the child and 1 was reqll1l'ed as a witnes
It appeared that the boy had a nno yed th e r.nan, and the man had kicked the boy and had ruptured hiS splee n H e had died very quickly.
Yes,it is a ve ry exciting job in the Servl.ce, although there are time s when yo u seem to be dOIng but taking people back ward and forward to ho pltal for treatment.
But yo u ne ver know what is going t o happ en next.
It may be a train cra h , or a plane cra a or a s uicid e Even at home , you are in demand If the neighbours know that you are a St. J ohn Ambulance man or a fulltime ambulance man.
I have been ca lled out of bed on numerou occasion to deal with accidents and emergencie Not that r am complaining, Oh! no , I feel very proud to. that people have confidence in me and respect my opinion.
I ha ve even had a littl e g irl brin g a pid e r monk ey to me with a broken leg. I did what I could with stickin g pla ster and a loll y tick, and later hea rd that the monkey ha d made a goo d r ecovery.
I could go on indefinitely about experiences I have had during my time in the Ambulance Service and as a St. J ohn member.
Unfortunately, I am no lon ger in the Am bulance erVlce, but I am till very proud ind eed to be In the St.. J oh n Ambulance Brigad e and to carryon my lltlle efforts In the "Service to mankind" and I hope to do 0 for many more years.
Audio Visual Aids
Cant. /1'0/1/ page 13
sibly becau e of the of ubject and it ar tifici al presentatlOn-a enes of colour tran parencle would have done as well Films of the actual proce s of ovulation are a lre ady available, and s how the events much more vividly. There can be little ho.wever, the hort film unit is a valuable teachlDg ald. Wh a t I required next i a careful evalua.tion .of tbe type of materia! which is be t presented In thl way.and the learning ituation in whic!l it i mo t appropna te
CONCLUSIONS
From this neces arily brief review of some type audio visual aids and systems it is obvious that the applLcation of technology to medical education should prove of immense value, particularly in to redre the difficulties of the adverse and detenoratlDg sta[ tuclent ratio. Yet these new teachi ng methods mu s t not be
(Continued on page 30)
Following thi imple knowledge , the Junior are enco ur aged to learn the variou kill imilar to St. John Bad ge ubject; such a home nursing, dome tic economy (cooking and sewi ng) , swimming and life aving, camping, baby care , child care. The Intern ational aspec ts of the Red ross are empha i ed, and they exchange handicrafts, painting, dr aw ing, magazines, photographs with other Red Cross Junior in foreign countries.
There i immense scope for their kill in helping or visiting in Hospitals , ripple and Blind Home, Homes for the aged, Orphanage , Home s for the deaf and dumb where they often take gifts and flowers , and help with amus ing the children by reading alo ud
The large school combine phy ical training
FIRST AID IN THAILAND
By PRINCESS CHULA CHAKRABONGSE County Superintendent, Cornwall
Thailand adhered to the Geneva Convention of 1906 and wa repre en ted at the Conference in Washington in 1912, but the Thai R ed Cro ociety did not come into being until 1920.
The Junior Red Cro s tarred in J922 , and is organized entire ly through the chool, both Government and private school, and each chool is responsible for it own cIa ,which i held once or twice a week, out ide chool hour The children are not compelled to join but about 80 per cent do join , and start at 8 years old , and most of them remain throughout their chool year a Junior members , though the pre sure of e ' amination from age of 14 onwards cau e many to cea e memberhip.
In a tropical country, with a mainly agricultural population cattered over va t area of lonely country ide , the activitie and training are very different from the work of t. John Cadets in England. Each school being respon ible for it own tralJ1lng. the teacher form a committee , which include, in the province, one local government official man or woman , local government in Thailand being organised into Provinces and Di s trict , the enior officials being appointed from B angkok. In the capital however , which ha now a population of over 2 ,000,000 , the training is organi ed direct from Headquarter into the Bangkok chool
The e ential words u ed in training are "H elp" and ervice:' and the aim to give the boy and girl ome ba ic knowledge of their own health and hygiene, much more difficult to pre erve in a really hot tropical climate
))istributing clothes to hill Tribe Childrell Cro s activitie and large well-trained display are given for fund rai ing e[ort , and demonstrations are done by Junior to spread simple tandards of health and hygiene to the Ie s educated part of the public, often on TV.
The Junior girls ew and knit, the boy do handwork and carpentry for di tribution to the poor and handi-
Helpil/g at a Kindergarten sch ool
u.s. R ed Cross advisor IVatchil1g a F.A. dell/Ollstratioll 25
with Red
ca p pe d chil d ren in T h ailand. "The suffering and the nee d y" has a sub tantial tru th in far ofT place here! They make and put toge t her First Aid Kits for upcou n try village schoo ls where there is very little equipme n t.
Each year the Thai R ed Cross Society has a huge f un d raising event, in w h ic h the whole of Bangkok t akes part, an d the J u nior d. o an immense amount of du ty , assisting in every po sible way at sta ll , a me sengers, serving refreshments, g iving demonstrations and sell ing toys they have made- this fair lasts a whole week.
The uniform of the girls and boys is on the line of t he na t ional school uniform , which is basically the same a ll over the country ; a can be imagined every child in a t ropica l climate needs many more changes of clothes
t ha n in E n glan d , due to the great heat , and in the hot seas o n a f res h ly washed a nd iro n ed wh ite cotton blouse is req u ired ever y day. So to simplify the R ed Cross u n ifo r m all the girls u e the regulation dark blue kirt
an d white blouse, they add a triangular blue scarf round t he ir necks (d oing d uty as a bandage or sling if required) a litt le for e and aft cap , with the R ed Cro badge , on bo t h cap an d blouse The boys all over Thailand wear
d ark b l ue or black short , and this, plus a scout-style scarf an d cap, d oes duty for the boys uniform.
My co ntribution to R ed Cross work has been very mod est, as I am only here for three months in the year.
H o wever , I gave two R esusci-Anne models, and some practica l d emons t rations in 1965, and these were the fi r t t hey had ha d . This year I have brought a supply of our latest St. J ohn publications and some material for te aching an d demonstration, which may prove of value.
M y d aughter always plans ome amusing money raising efforts among our friends here , so she feels she is contributing a small effort each year.
This training for citizenship plays a prominent part in T hailand, and con idering again the difficulties of t he clima t e, Thai l and has every reason to be proud of her J u n ior R ed Cross
A h andicraft session in progress
PLEASE NOT E ALL CORRE SPO N DEN CE REGARDIN G THE " R EVI E W" SHO UL D BE ADDRESSED TO ST. JOHN AMBUL AN CE H.Q. , AND N O T TO Mr s RICHARD S
THE O VERHEAD PRO JECT OR Cant from page 23
Blocks and lines of colour can be added to transparencie by pencil, pen, self-adhesive film (such a Transpaseal), coloured acetate (cinemoids are good) or perspex Detail on some types of transparency made by the infra-red copier can be highlighted by add ing co loured ink (to the frosted line of the 125) or by superimposing coloured acetate (o n the 128 silver).
An amb itious device for use with the overhead projector is moire pattern. A mean of producing the optica l illusion of movement on the creen
Moire patterns occur when "a repetitive structure is overlaid with another structure and the line elements are nearly superimpo sed." Ever yday examples are two rows of rai l ings viewed obliquely , closely woven wir e baskets and overlapping net or nylon curtains 1£ a transparency (e g ., the circu l ation of the blood) has fine lines draw n on it at places where the indication of Row is desired and a similar pattern of line (on another tran sparency) is moved above, movement is sugge ted by th e moire patterns that are formed
The ov erhead projector is a ver satile machine. Perhaps more thaI' an y other teaching aid the projector stimulates ingenuity in the instructor and bring out the be t in an teacher
VISUAL AIDS IN LANCASHIRE
MR. K. FAWCETT, S.R.N., of Denton Nursing Division , inform us:
" The u efulness of vi ual a id bec a me so obviou to us and to other Divi ion in the Ashton-under-Ly ne Corps , that I approached the A hton S J.A.A. for a grant to purchase a projector and screen , to be used b y all tl,e member Division of the Corp s. Thi was agreed to and I was given a fi xed urn to purchase the projector and creen After shoppin g a round, we purchased an ex cellent projector th a t accepted 35mm a nd 2Jin qu a re format slides. On looking throu g h a photo g raphic m a gazine , I noticed an offer of a 50in x 50in screen on self-supporting tripod, sli g htl y m a rked on the tripod , a t bargain price , so we purch a sed on e. These a rticles a re kept b y me and are av a il a ble to lecturer in the Corp on request.
" I have tarted to make sl ide that cover most of the subjects in the St. John Manu a1. By taking our own photographs and making use of our members , in makeup and ca ualty, and also processing our own films we find that we are not bound to the commerci a l a nd sometimes stereotyped films offered We do and will continue to use an y commercial films th a t we feel have peci a l v 8. lue in our lectures ."
M R . D. O. LUND, Secretary of the Blackburn Centre, tells us:
"We u e the Uniscope projector 60 x 60 portable screen , fi l m strips being boug11t from C a mera Talks and British Tran s port These fit each lecture and notes are provided with them The first lecture is s tarted with the Visual Aid h a lf-an-hour to show the films, this is followed b y a lecture b y a Doctor then questions and answers, H hours , leavin g an hour approximately for practical dre sin gs done b y our La y In s tructor.
" Fi l m projectors which co t around £300 are not po ssible , plus having to have a tr a ined projectionist, again a costly job , as after trainin g one 's own la y men the y move away to promotion in their jobs. s uch a s Ambulance personnel where with a strip m a ch i ne anyone with a clear voice and ab l e to read and we are in business " We have found this method to be the best for teaching at all levels "
LETTERS
Dear Editor , AN UNUSUAL DISLOCATION
Having taken duty at . R ugb y games for many years, 1 have had experIence of qU Ite a few dislocation In s houlder region Usually, the head of the upperarm IS forc e d out of the socket and is fixed underneath causing great pain and deformity So we are accu s tomed' to st rap it up, a s for a fracture and send the ca se to hospItal. But one dar, a Bradford Northern player fell and r noUced that the bone head instead of lJPPIng out of the socket downwards had come out on toP of clavicle, the arm being extended over the causlOg great pain. J asked him if he could put hIS hand on the top of his head and fastened a broad bandage rOl!nd the arm to the oppo s ite side of hi s head, thus affordIng some measure of upport. The patient was badl y shocked and somehow we got him int o a car and so to the Casualty Department. I accompanied him up the hospItal, supporting the arm as welJ as I could talkIng to him and tr y ing to cheer him up The playe; had to stop in for a nd , I understand , he never rugb y agalll, s o it mu s t have been a bad dIslocatIOn.
May r a sk if anyone ha heard or treated a dislocation thIS , because this was the onl y di slocation of that that I have treated. And r feel justified in calling thIS an unusual dislocation . Yours truly, H DOW EY (Cpl. ). Central Divi ion , Bradford Corp s.
Dear Mrs. Richards.
THE " R EVIEW " ST R UGGLE
A caption appeared in a recent copy of the " R eview " that the " R eview " will die if more support IS not forthcomIng
What is the matter with our membership that we are to sure we have a magazine Every organIsa t.1On ha s ItS monthly publication, even Casualties UnlO':! can a quarterly . Tt not pOSSIble surely that we will be without a maga z llle, I e speciall y would not like to be without it. H a lf trouble with lessening of interest among t our IS many do move outside the circle of the lr own DIV ISIon or localIty never having seen me or eelng what other people do. These are also the people who are too idl e to put in an order for the " R eview. " the years the main thing that keeps me gOI!1g IS attendlllg confere n ces , national functions and seeIng the I am sure. it would be a retrograde step to eve n Ihlnk about closmg the " R eview " down whatever the cost.
Come on : fellow member s, order your copy from your newsagent, If you have any real interest in St. John J. E. SM ITH AI 10. Eastern Area, Surrey
Dear Madam ,
YA R DLEY AMBULANCE CADET DIVISION
. write with reference to the item in the September edItIon of " R eview " entitled "Flint hire- A ational R ecord ," whIch set me wondering if anyone could equal my own record in the Brigade.
.1 as a Founder Member Cadet of the above In ]941 and have succes ively held ev e ry rank III the These were as follows : Corporal. ;)ergeant, 1945 ; during thi I wa s 111 charge pendmg the appointment of a new I tra nsferred to Yardley Ambulance DIVISIo n Jl1 1947 a.n9 was subsequently a ked to return to the Cadet DIVISIon as Member-in-Charge in 1949
27
being promoted Divisional Officer in September 950. I n December 1952 .r was Divi sional Superand hold thiS appomtment at the present time WIfe was a s tudent member of City ur ing Cadet DIVISIon when we fir s t met at a Brigade " Fair " which was opened at Birmingham Town Hall by the late Countess Mountbatten , and is now also a Divisional of .Nursing Cadet Division. My late father retIred . DI .vl s ional Superintendent of Yardley Ambulance DIVISIon III 1956 after 28 years serv ice Our total Brigade se rvice, including Cadet "ervice now totals 80 years and I am sure will grow ov er the ne x t few year s.
I trust that you will find these fact s of intere t and use .
Dear Mrs. R ichard s, Yours faithfully , E. H GILES, Divisional Superintendent. Yardley A.c.
In the issue you asked for Superintendents on DIVI SIOnal programmes. Our Divi si on is runnlOg very successfull y with good attendance s at Divisional meetlOg s and the members are keen and interested the whole year round . I sincerely b elieve that our annual programmes have played a big part in achieving this Po s ibly our type of programme would not work Ambulance Divi s ions , but I should be really pleased If some of m y ideas prov e to be helpful to new SuperIlltendents of ur sing Divisions . is our 1969 programme 1967 and 19 68 followed a SimIlar pattern but s ubstituting Higher First Aid and urs mg for the Fir t Aid Course, out s ide visits to a h,? s pltal a!1d the Fire Station. and finishing the year WIth maklOg artIcle for a Christmas Fair held in December.
J a nu ary ursing Revi ion : Bedmaking' Tr ays ; Inhalations ; Film trip on Li ftin g P a tients . ' Fe bruar y
Nursing Revision: Roller Bandaging ; Quiz ; Annual General Meeting ; Re -stocking all Fir t Aid Kit and Practice Kit.
M a r c h to May (12 wee ks) 9pe f.1 First Aid. Cour e a nd E xamin a tion u s in g Filmtnp 10 conjunctIOn WIth doctor's lecture ' L a t week in Ma y-Re-e xa min a tion of members . ' With cour a nd re-exa min a tion over we like to rel ax a lIttle dunng the ummer month , so we have what we call " Member' ights ." Member volunteer to take the class themselves or arrange fo r a speaker Apart. from the f a ct that the e few week enables the Supenntendent to " re-charge " herself (mo t Important) ha.ve the opportunity to put on wh a t the y thlOk wIll be of Intere t to the Divi ion.
Jun e a nd Jul y ( 9 wee k "Memb er N ig ht ") Records and Coffee Evening ; T a lk and Demon tration by HypnotJ1erapi t ; Talk Demon tration by Hairdre uSlOg J'!1odel , wIg and hair piece ; Coffee E,:,el11n g and BrIng and Bu y our President's home; Sltde of .Pans ; T a lk on the HIstory of M a lt a; Slide of I?istrict ; The ncon ciou Patient: Dlagno IS 10 Flfst Ald A ug u t Fir.t J\id Practice for Outdoor Exerci e ; Outdoor E xercl e p a rk , .u ing make-up and wound replicas o.n ca u a ltle ; ReVIew you appl y the Out Ide VI It- 2t hour tour round Pohce StatIOn.
Se pte mbe r and tr a tion b y S R N .- 0 Touch Technlql!e ; R outIne Care of the Patient by S R ; Malta Ce!ebratlOn - Member report back ; Lecture and FilmtrIP on Drugs. plu report back from ottingham '69.
( Continued overleaf)
October, November and December Public Health and Hygiene Cour e.
Of course our activitie include First Ald. Nur 109 and Escort Public Duties and attendance at Brigade In pections and Church Parades. During the year we have fund raising events, i .e., Jumble Sales. Stall in our Market and we also attend special function put on by the Cadet Divi ion.
For the first time this year there ha been two one-day coach trips. In June we toured Derbyshire where we all alighted for a ramble and a picnic. rejoining the coach later. In October we again toured Derby hire making tops at a Stately Home and a new re ervoir. where by prior arrangement we were shown round the plant. These two trip were enjoyed by everyone and fo r tunately the weather couldn ' t have been better. Towards the end of October I start "mapping out" the programme for the following year by all the e ential activities and known dates, then fillLng m around these. At the same time keeping in mind that a successful programme needs balancing For examp.le- a twelve week examination course followed by a perIod of completely different meeting
A lot of time. thought. telephone calls and l e tters are put into the preparation of a program me and it is really hard work trying to get thlOgs organ l but it i worthwhile when it makes for a uccessful dlvlSlon.
Yours sincerely,
YLVIA M. BOTTR I LL. Divisional Superintendent. Offerton & Great Moor .D., he hire
Dear Mr R ichards , Fir tly may I say how much. I have enjoyed i ues of the " Review ." I thlOk your page Loohng Around ." has really made the magazine come to it concerns US. the members of the Brigade. and It very interesting to know what some ?f our coll.eag ues are doing I wonder whether the followlOg note might be of interest to you.
Ambulance Member Trevor Orchard, of the Hove & Hangleton A / N Division, Su ssex, has just. the Division for Cardiff where he goes to the university to start his training to become a doctor. Trevor goes ther e with exemption from the 1st M.B . examination b y virtue of his three "A" level passes in the G .C. E The St. John interest does not top there, however, becau e I wa hi teacher for biology at the Brighton Grammar School. Trevor will retain his member s hip of the Brigade whilst a medical student and hope one day to become a Div isional Surgeon. Kind regards, Yours s ince rely , M. W HARRI A / S. Central Area. Sussex. Dear Heather , Having worked very closely with yo u profe ionally for everal y ears may I ay how orry I am to hear of your resignation as Editor of the " Re:ri ew ." D ivision of opinion between Edltor and pubhsher not uncommon , and is usuall y concerned with a clash of views regarding the policy or opinion with which a journal i identified This , I am informed is not the case in this situation.
No professional editor accept the ,role of lackey to a system computerIzing copy to pnnters a hundred miles away for an unknown " back-room bo y" t o design the lay out of a journal for which an editor is solely responsible , particularl y when , in addition, the decision to change over to a different style of printing has been " pushed through " in the face of all e x pert professional opinion ., Kn ow ing of yo ur long ded icatIOn to St. John , your k n owledge of its internal and sional " know-how ," I realise that th1S was a hard declslon to take , but you could have taken no other course.
28
You might think that this letter i not s uit ab le for pub l ication , but I put it to you th a t the of the " R eview ," its readers hould be gIVen some .1dea of the rea on why y ou are no longer able to contmue
Your sincerely, J OHN WA RB U R TON New Correspondent.
Dear Edi t or , When brow ing through ome b ac k is ue of the " R eview" 1 came across a letter in the Janu ary, 1969 edition by Mr. B R Jarman , W R. , Yorks concerning the wearing of white boiler uit , uitabl y adapted, for "E mergency Wear ."
At the Cadet R ally at Harrogate this y e a r member of my division d i d a demon tration a re the roof of a bui lding , the team weanng wh i te boller suits with St. John badge atrlXed.
We had man y comments about how m a rt how ea y it wa for them to be een and lOqUlnes a to whether this was an official " Uniform "; even Her R oyal Highne s The Princess Margaret commented on their smart turn-out.
I wholeheartedly upport Mr. Jarm an' ugge tion o please , can this idea receive orne a ttention from the Store Depaliment and omething be done before we all reach the age of retirement!
Yours sincerely, KEITH J. ROBI SO . Div Officer , Clifton Combined Cadet Div ., W.R ., York.
DIAL-A-LOAN
NEWCASTLE COMB INED DIVISIO N
STAFFORDSHIRE
are operating a medical loan service with a difference
As the depot will not be open at r eg ular times, and much of the equipment is hou ed at D IS. J. E. Durham 's home, people needing items can telephone him at St?keon-Trent 47438. This is a temporar y mea m e until a new home can be found for the depot. Howev e r , it might be an id ea for other areas where so meone with time on their hands and a bit of space for torage could organise a dial-a-Ioan service.
HERTFORDSHlRE
MISS DOROTHY ARCH E R
a founder member of the Luton Town ur ing Division, retired in October. LA D Y Z I A WERNHER , County Pre ident , and the Commissioner , M R. J OHN
W I LS H E R , presented her with the farewell gift Wilsher a id in his a ddress: "S he ha been a fountaU1 of knowledge a nd a help to a ll ." Every goo d wi h t o Mis Archer for a long a nd h appy reti rement.
GOOD FRIENDS
Without the help of man y people the REVIEW would have been in an even sorrier plight. Our printers an d block makers have pegged their prices-a nd g iven u superb ervice - for years. ewsp a per a nd journal have supplied picture and material , free of charge Well known professional men and women have contnbuted without a fee. Officials in indu try have assi ted in begging , borrowing (I won t say stealing- that was. my field!) equipment , inform a tion a nd know-how ThI S I yet another instance where words to e x pre ss gratl tude are inadequate. It may interest readers to know that the author of the article on page 18 November " Review ," is the J ohn G ueritz known by many thousands of people all over the world as, until recently , Secretary of the Sl. J ohn Amb ul ance Association To a ll concerned THANK YOU
A NURSE'S PRAYER
" Take m,y hand s And le t t h em move ..
A t th e impulse 0/ Th y love "
Becau e the day that stretches o ut for me
1s ful l of bu sy h o ur s, J come to Thee
To ask Thee, L ord , that Thou wi lt ee me thr o ugh
The many thing that I may have to do.
Help me to make my beds the moothe t way,
Help me t o make more tempting every tray.
Help me to en e when pain must have relief.
Help me to deal with those borne down by grief.
Help me to take to every patient's room
The Light of Life to brighten up the gloom.
H elp me to bring to every so ul in fear
The sure and steadfast thought that Thou art near.
Help me to live throughout this livelong day
A o ne who love Thee well, dear Lord , 1 pray .
And when the day i done and evening tar
Shine through the dark above the un et bar,
When weary quite, I turn to eek my rest , Lord , may [ truly know I've done my be t, R UTH WINANT WHEELE R,
NOTE : This Pra yer was published ill the D ecember, 1967 issl/e of the " R eview," hut its m essage will be as fresh (IS the day it was IVrillell ul/til long after Mall has es ta b li s h ed habita t io ll S 0 11 the el'e llin g stars w hic h hill e throl/gh the dark above the el'e llill g bars
Ac r os: 1, Ointment ; S, Ungui ; 9, True rib; to, Rus ia; 11 , Elevated; 12, 0 t a l ; 14 Penicillin ; 19 , Tip ; 20, 0 teop a th y; 24 , Trough ; 2S, Ph a rm acy; 26 , Aroma ; 27 , Brachi a l ; 28 , ty le ; 29, Hard Head
D ow n : I , 0 tIer ; 2, au e a; 3, Mortal ; 4, Nobl e
Met a l ; 6, Neurotic ; 7 , Un ettle; 8, tailing ; 13 , Diphtheria ; IS , Nit; 16 , Footpads; 17 , tio logy ; 18 , Roughage; I. Braced; a lin e; 23. eyelid, 29
Compiled by W.
A. Potter
ACRO SS
I . Heart condition in which Row of blood into left ventricle i impeded (6. 8)
9 Old-fa hioned Enema (7)
10 Introduces pathogenic organi ms (7)
11. Principal pigment in urine (9)
13 . Erect breed <S)
14 Doctor led back a repre ent ation (S)
IS Locally deficient blood uppl y (9)
18 Some nail produce abnormal depo ition of dark pigment in ti ue (9)
P oint preceding decoration and French ant (5)
22. Shape of ligament and parasite worm (5)
24 Pul e in Auricul ar Fibrillation (9)
2S Uncomfortable re ting-place of hand an d feet (4, 3)
26 Outer garment for warmth (3, 4)
28. A characteri tic of tho e whose domin ant cerebral hemi phere i the righ t (14)
DO WN
I Lining of Alim en tary and Re pirator y Tract (6 .8 )
2. Gland with a major role in control of rate of metaboli m (7)
3. Degenera tion of fat toward the back (3)
4 T a ilor ' mu cle appare ntl y (9)
S. Bani h from one' s own country (S)
6. Expre willingne to help (5)
7 tronge t component of the Innomin a te bone (7)
8 hronic condition in which joint urface h ave been roughened (14)
12 He and a boy get to gether for a girl (S)
16. R emoved ovarie or te ticJe u ing a te t card (9)
17 It i ugge ted th at we hould go to work on it (2, 3)
19. Cue 10 t in line le a ding to e ential mino-Acid (7)
21. a rne lot for intermedi a te product of dige tion of tarch (7)
23 Not a credit when it appear after up etting bed (5)
24 Re-org a ni ation of a id in A ian country (S)
27. Thick part of th e ole of the foot (3)
I
OBITUARIES I
Divisional Officer, Mrs A. M ADAMSON of Plymouth, D evon.
D r. ROB E R T ANDERSON, founder member and D ivi ional Surgeon, Stainforth and Hatfield Ambulance D ivision.
M rs. M. ASLETT, member of the Worthing Nursing Divi ion, Sussex.
Miss E DITH LUCY BATH, President of the Southbourne Nursing D ivision , Hampshire.
A / S/ O Mr. P E R CEY CO R NELIUS BENNETT, Southern Area, Staffordshire .
Mr. C. 1. BULL, Commissioner, Matabeleland D istrict, South Africa.
Mr. E D WA RD GEO R GE BUTCHER , founder member of the Halstead Ambulance D ivision, Essex.
Mr. WILLIAM HEN R Y C O LLIS, R oss Division, G l ouces tershire.
Mr. ROB E R T WILLIAM D AWS O N, Honorary Secretary an d Association Lecturer, Sheffield, Yorkshire.
Mr. S. T. D ENNING, founder of the Association Centre in Brighton, County Finance Officer, Officer in charge of P ublic D uties for the Brigade.
Mrs. ELSIE MAR Y D OBS ON, member of the Withernsea Nursing D ivision, E. R. , Yorkshire.
M iss BETTY E. GEE, Beverley Nursing Division, E. R. , Yo rkshire
Miss MAR Y H OE of Hull, E.R. , Yorkshire.
Mr. W. J H OLAR , Hampstead Ambulance Division, L o n d on D istrict.
Mr. WILLIAM MOFFATT, No 15 (East Ham) Am b ulance D ivision , London District.
Miss MARGARET MO ORH OUSE , former Assistant County Superintendent, N. R. , Yorkshire.
Miss ETHEL BLANCHE NAYLOR, S. R .N. of Hull, E. R ., Y orkshire.
Miss EVA P H ILLIP S of Hull, E.R., Yorkshire.
M r. W ALTE R F. R IGLEY, Chairman of the Granby an d llkeston Association Centre Derbyshire.
Mr. ANTH O NY SAUN D E R S, Superintendent C158 P arkside Ambulance Cadet D ivision, London District.
Mr. E R NEST CHA R LES SUMPTER , former Area Staff Officer, Lond on D istrict.
Miss ALI CE BE R THA WAGENAAR of Hull, E. R ., Yorkshire.
Audio Visual Aids Cant. from page 24
accepted uncritically, for the novelty will soon wear off. Careful an d critical research is urgently needed to define t he role of these new techniques in the hierarchy of teaching me t hods . It is for this reason that the experiments in the faculty of med icine in Glasgow, the R oyal Co ll ege of General P ractitioners , and the Department of Au dio V is ual Communication of the B M.A. are of such crucial and far-reaching importance. •••
30
SUPPLIES
of First Aid Manuals, or any teaching book relating to courses organised by St. John Ambulance. Teaching aids
generally incl ude Fi rst Aid Fi 1m
Loops Uniforms for the St. John Ambulance Brigade, including Badges and Insignia . All First Aid Materials - stretchers, kits, etc . and Presentation Gifts
Write General Manager ORDER OF ST. JOHN STORES DEPT.
St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, london E.C.I Tel: CLErkenwell 6644
ST. JOHN REVIEW
To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John, 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1 .
Please supply / renew * St. John Review commencing with the issue I enclose 23 /- for 1 year
Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St John.
SORR Y TO REPEAT MYSELF
PLE ASE N O TE that all correspondence- material and queries regarding the ST . JOH N R E VIEW-as from N O W must be addressed to: St. John Ambulance H.Q. ,
ATIO b y MajorG
n e ral Th e Viscount
Bridg e man , Lord Li
ant, Shropshir e,
W
Ludlow Ambulanc e Division.
ORB IT. W estollsup e r-Mar e St. John Divisionu look to th e future in th e ir Carnival e lltry. As usual a g re at dea l of hard work on th e part of th e m e mb ers and h e art e nin g support from lo cal firm who l e nt e quipm e nt- includin g th e lorr y.
LINe s
Fm ST AID - R EM O VAL O F T H E INJURED
Cont. from page 6
is one which require s practice and it is only by practice that dexterity and rapidity can be attained. It is then exp lained how firemen have to dev ote some time to perform ing certain re scue drill in connection with the method co ncerned, and of how, as a res ult, n umberle s live have been saved from agoni sing death fr om fire. Speaking of the Fire Service, it i an interesting th o ught ho w that Service i living, in the present day, up to th e high standard s set by their predecesso rs. The next time there is a maj or incident, whether it be on Railways or in the city, lo ok cl os ely at the work the e fine fellow s perform. It will bring home to you what a re ourceful and efficiently trained body of men they actually are.
To return to our subject, the Handbook then describes removal by hand-chair (hand- seats) and al so by the "fore-and-aft carry" , a meth od not now included in the present Manual. It aI 0 describe s conveyances borne by men uch a s hammocks, doolie s , etc. , then goes on to describe "conveyances wheeled by men" such as the A hford litter Mention is a lso made of conveyances borne and drawn by animals and fini he by the most modern method of transport at that time, the Railways. Let us look at the advice given under "Conveyances moved by steam power on Railways".
Under this heading come the subject of carriage by Railway of sick and injured persons. On ome lines there are invalid Railway carriages, but they are few in number and, a a rule, re ort mu t be made to a well-cushioned third-clas carriage, for the absence of any divi ion on their eats render s them the only ones available. In time of war, when large number of men have to be sent by Rail , goods wagons and cattle truck may be utilised for thi work and there are certain recognised methods for rendering them available but reference o nly will be made here to the conveyance by Rail of a ca e of accident or sicknes in civil life. Owing to the narrowne s of the Railway carriage d o or , there i often a difficulty in getting the stretcher th rough, but thi may be done by slightly tilting the stretcher to one side. Should thi not be po sible, t hen the luggage van mu t be taken advantage of. If the carriage is u ed, two cross- upport of wood are p laced upon the oppo ite seat, 1 ft. from each door. These erve to teady and upport the tretcher and also provide a seat for the attendant in charge of the patient. I can imagine some of the comment of readers here. but even in this pre ent day we sometime have problem s in transporti ng injured per ons by R ail and have to carry out what the aut hor advises in hi final umm in g-up on R ailway when he says about the d iffic ult ies- "mea n while, the ambulance pupil will find his i ngenuity and tact ca l1 ed upon to the utmost u nder existing circumstances".
33
The author of the Handbook dedicated it to the pas t and future pupil s of the St. Andrew' Ambulance A sociation, and when one con iders the numbers of ordinary men and women who have taken fir s t-aid in s truction over all the years since the fir st edition appeared, the author s sentiments and hope have with o ut doubt been well ju tified. Now the mo s t natural con sequence of uch keen intere t in the Fir t Aid movement wa s the introduction of Fir t Aid competition, but I do not intend in thi s article to peak of the hi tory and introduction of s uch event, for that must await another day. However, it may be of interest to present-day competitors to show how competitions in Scotland have changed over the years. In the very early day the contest used t o c o nsist o f three secti on s, namely :
(a) General Knowledge;
(b) Practical work;
(c) Transport of the Injured and I include example of the re pective section fr o m competitions of many year ago.
The St. Andrew' s Ambulance Association
The Highland Railway Directors ' Ambul a nce Challenge Cup
ANN U AL COM PETITIO Invernes , 21 t April, 1908
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (ORAL)
A. 1. What are the functions of the Skeleton?
2. Give the varietie of joint , and the variou structure which enter into the formation of a joint.
3. Give the u es of a bandage.
4. What i haemat ome i , and how i it generally cau ed ? State first aid treatment.
5. A per on ha retired for the night. On pa s ing the door of hi room you notice a distinct melI of coal ga s The door i locked and you get no respon se to knocking. The night i very dark. De cribe the tep s yo u would take to aid him.
B. l. Give the ympt o m and ign and first aid treatment of carbolic acid poi oning
2. Name the cause of In en ibility.
3. How i bleeding pontaneou ly arre ted when a large artery is cut acro
4. Give the fir t aid to bleeding from the tongue.
5. In what way may asphyxia be caused?
C. 1. What is meant by the term "comminuted" and "multiple" a applied to fracture? Give two example of fracture from indirect violence and one example from mu cular action.
2. What the fir t aid treatment of choking by a piece of meat?
3. Name a ma ny a you know of the ga eou poi on which are mo t fatal. If a per on ha become in en ible at the bottom of a
well tate how you would proceed to rescue him.
4. Name the variou part of the artery which upplie the left arm. Where does it arrive.
5. Name the bone entering into the formation of the cranium.
D. 1. Under what conditions are burns and scald dangerou to life? What i the immediate danger due to ?
2. What plant gives belladonna poi oning?
3. Gi ve the ymptoms of poisoning by this drug. How does an emetic given early dimini h the danger of poisoning by the plant? Classify foods briefly. How is starch absorbed into the body?
4. Give the dangers of fracture.
5. What are the method to rely on in the temporary arrest of haemorrhage?
JOlIN MAeDO ALD, M.B., .M., D.P.H. Arbiter
St. Andrew' Ambulance A sociation London & North Eastern Railway Company
FINAL AMBULANCE COMPETITION
Held at Gla gow, 2nd April, 1932
PRACTICAL WORK (Bandaging, etc.)
1. No.5 has slipped on orange peel and made a violent effort to prevent himself from falling. He finds he is unable to move his right leg. No. 4 examines him and finds a hard lump with ragged lower edge over front of lower end of femur and a similar hard lump with ragged upper edge over front of knee. A gap of one inch exists between these two lumps. The muscle in front of the thigh is contracted. His wife (No.2) collapses beside him. Team diag-
2. nose and apply treatment.
(Note: Only the first tep to be shown in treatment).
(a) No. 1 will show the first thing he would do to treat No. 2 uffering from arsenic poisoning.
(b) No.2 will show first step in treatment of fractured right clavicle in No. I.
(c) No.3 will how first step in treatment of epileptic fit in No.4.
(d) NO.4 will show first step in treatment of No.3 who is lyin g face down in water.
(e) No.5 has torn off tip of his right middle finger. He will show the first step in treating him elf.
JAS. D. S. CAMERON, M.B., F.R.C.P. (ED.)
Report on the Practical work section
The marks in this part of the comoetition were all low. This was due to the competition being a "final". A high tandard had to be set and naturally could not be departed from after the start
34
of the competition. All team did well; none need be disheartened by their mark.
Question 1. Sixty mark allowed for this question and apportioned as follows: - Diagnosis and method of eXflmination, 20' treatment of fracture, 15; treatment of wife, 15; marks given for general method, etc., 10. Too little attention paid by all teams to examination and diagnosis. I have attempted to tre this in previou years. Only two teams made any attempt to examine the wife; most captains said fainting without even looking at ber. Yet there were three distinct possibilitie - fainting. hysteria and haemorrhage into the brain due to the excitement leading to apoplexy. Mo t of the 20 mark for this were lost.
Treatment of fractured patella ali factory in all instance. Mo t teams decided, for no apparent rea on, that it wa compound. Treatment of the fainted wife too hurried and regarded as of very minor importance. She hould have been kept lying on her back throughout. Only the captain of the winning practical team a sured her that all wa wen with her husband. One team ignored her collapse.
In most in tances team work and method were ati factory.
Question 2. (Note only fir t tep in treatment to be shown).
What was wanted here wa to see that the most important point in treatment was attended to first. No team did this; alJ did the fulJ treatment and as a result the most important point in tead of coming first was lost in a welter of minor points. Full treatment was not wanted, only the FIRST tep was asked for. Read the que tion in future. Eight marks were given for each part.
(a) Finger down throat.
(b) Support right elbow with patient' left hand.
(c) Protect from injury- pencil between teeth.
(d) Remove from water.
(e) Finger held high and grasp digital arteries.
The second question appeared to take mo t teams unawares. Yet if the right thing i done fir t the treatment which fonows will be right.
JAS. D. S. CAMeRON, M B 01.13 F R P (ED )
Thi competition bring back happy memories, for this was the first major competition in which I captained the winning team when we were uccessful in winning the Deuchar Cup for the winning practical team. A a point of intere t the Deuchar Cup wa fir . t competed for that day, and had been put up for comoetition by the son, Dr. Deuchar and daughter of the Deuchar family in memory of their father. a previous General Manof the old L.N.E. Railway (Southern Scottish Area). Dr. Deuchar himself was a keen first aider and was cla surgeon of the dinburgh Waverley
Station Fir t Aid Section for coun tJe s years.
The Judge who et the te t that day- Dr. J. D. S. Cameron- later had a brilliant career at Edin burgh and only retired some two years ago as Consultant Physician at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.
With the creation of British Railways Scottish Region, the Deuchar Cup 10 t some of it original status but i till competed for in the Eastern Section Competition in Scotland. I wonder how many of the Railway competitors of today are aware of the history of the trophy they so keenly compete for annually?
St. Andrew' Ambulance Association
PRESIDENT'S CUP COMPETITION 14th May, 1904
STRETCHER DRILL (Tran port of Injured)
1. No. 1 and 3 are injured in a cycle accident, No. 1 sustaining a severe bruise to his left houlder and fracture of the lower jaw on the left side. No. 3 having both forearms broken and hi right foot injured in such a way that he cannot put it to the ground. The necessary fir t aid treatment has been applied but both Nos. 1 and 3 require assi tance to reach their homes, which are near at hand. The assi tance to be furnished at the same time to both injured men by Nos. 2,4 and 5.
2. A party of five have been hill-climbing, and each i provided with a tout walking tick. When nearly at the end of their descent, No. 5 fall over a cliff and fractures his right thigh. No medical a si tance i available near, but the railway is only a mile di tant. The uninjured four to convey the injured one by improvi ed stretcher to the station just in time to catch the last train. None of the party has overcoat or rug. I]]u trate how thi may be done. Note - There is no time to end to the station for pecial a i tance or appliance.
3. Form, number and prove tretcher quad. Obtain and prepare tretcher, lift and advance twelve pace, retire to original ground and re ume former front, lower but do not clo e stretcher.
4. A man of fairly heavy build has been found unconscious and fir t aid treatment ha been applied. It is desirable that he receive killed aid without delay. He i to be placed on a stretcher and conveyed to hi home, which is a considerable distance off. No vehicular assi tance is available. The di tance prove too great for the strength of No. 1 and 3 and there is no time to be 10 t resting. How i the difficulty to be overcome? On arrival at de tination the tretcher i to be unloaded.
5. The hor e yoked to a light, empty lorry take fright, breaks the tram, and gets free. The driver, who is itting in front is thrown off, and, falling between the trams, i severely injured by the hind feet of the hor e as it kick itself free. He i left lying beneath the vehicle, but clear of the wheels. His chief injuries are a transverse wound of the abdomen, with protrusion of the bowel and fracture of ribs on the right side. He is unconscious and lying on his face. Extricate him and convey him to hospital, which is fairly clo e at hand. No stretcher is to be had.
35
In those early day competitor, like their preent-day counterpart, trained arduou ly and conscientiously to attain proficiency in the First Aid competitions. It might be of intere t to our Fir t Aid readers to study some of the Notes of Guidance which a typical competition team of that time would endeavour to follow in order to meet the challenge of the different problems likely to be met with in the Transport ection of the competitions.
Transport Section
Always read your paper or card of in tructions. Always examine the traverses of an open stretcher and te t the tretcher. (It i not the first time a patient in a competition has fallen through the canvas of a tretcher.)
Always te t and prove the worth of an improvi ed tretcher.
Alway place the stretcher, if possible, three pace away from the patient' head.
Put the tal1e t and trongest bearer in the downhi]] position.
Turn inwards when carrying a tretcher over uneven ground.
Use light in the dark-railway tunnel, etc. Te t the edge of mall streams, ditches, wall , hedges, etc.
Carry uphi]] in lower limb injurie - feet first. Carry uphill in head, che t or acute abdomen (yes, we had the term even in those day) injurie - head first.
Give the mo t erious injury preference in multiple injuries.
Cover patient well, when on or off tretcher.
Incline to injured ide in lower limb injurie .
Incline to uninjured side in upper limb injurie . Incline to injured ide and propped up in che t injurie
In head injurie pay pecial attention during transport.
Spinal injurie - pineboard and rugs.
Tf patient ha to be moved through an arch or
ARCH. YOUNG, M.B., C.M., B.SC. Arbiter
open window, wall, etc., and no stretcher available, u e the rug and board method.
Load an open tretcher over the foot of the tretcher.
When unloading carryover the head of the tretcher.
If a tair is encountered, count the tep, advise your bearer and note that you have sufficient room to mount easily.
Always protect your elf when removing from gas-filled rooms. Note to avoid lights and a smashed window can create a draught to a sist clearing the air.
Protect yourself from electric currents. Switch off if possible, u e dry clothing, rug, etc. Push ofT with splints, brooms, etc., and remember danger of current arcing in high charges.
Always draw a per on from beneath a lorry by feet provided no head injury. Sometimes can remove vehicle. It will depend.
In transverse wounds of abdomen- flex knee.
In vertical wound of abdomen- knee straight out.
If two bearer loading a stretcher alone- two at same ide-injured ide.
If three bearers loading stretcher- two at injured side and one at the uninjured side.
In narrow arches sometimes a fore and aft carry can be u ed to load a tretcher-depend on injuries. (Reader note- thi method not now used.)
All Ambulance to be loaded head first.
In loading by reduced bearers two bearers at head end of stretcher and one at the feet.
A stretcher should always be placed diagonally across a compartment (if po sible to get into compartment) and made ecure.
Ask if a Doctor on a train (I remember one important Competition at York where the Doctor was awaiting a call to assist the team but everyone missed him and made the job so much harder for themselves and also 10 t marks in the process. It is just common sen e, isn't it, but only a noncompetitor would condemn out of hand. Wait until you are working against the clock).
Control the movements of drunk and epileptic per ons whilst on a tretcher.
Use the blankets in the proper order when loading a stretcher or preparing it for reception of a patient.
Remember that some dressing stations in competitions are limited in space. Examine first to see if it can take your stretcher. If so, go in head first.
If you unload the patient remember he requires some blanket cover.
The original position is from where you started. Make certain that PROPER treatment has been applied before you remove, especially with regard to Respiration, Bleeding and Shock.
(Continued on page 44) 36
THE EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN TRUST IS THE MEMORIAL TO A GREAT WOMAN
The proceeds of the sale of this book goes to a fund which supports St. John. the nursing profession and children all over the world.
In February 1960 we were stunned by the news of her death. In 1969 we can remember her by contributing to the interests for which she gave her life.
EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN
HER LIFE IN PICTUR E S
Compiled and Edited by Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock
Superin ten den t- in-Chi ef, St. John Ambulance Brigade
MARKHAM MAIN AMBULA CE OIVISJO , w inn e rs of th e 1969 Brig ad e Filllal s, c a r ri e d off th e Int e rnati o nal F irs l Aid titl e (part o f th e 60th (lIll1ive rsar )' c e l e brati o lls o f th e N e th e rlalld s Oran ge C ros s) at G e m e rt H o llalld this autumll (s e e N o v e mb e r issll e). Th ey cam e third ill th e Gralld Pri o r's Troph y Comp e titioll , b llt w e r e TOPS f o r mark s in th e T e am T e st.
Capfain Barry Higham, Keiih Gilbourne , Anihony Farrel, Frederick Alion, Michael Hopkinson.
Donc as ter Express
YORKSHIRE
THANKS FROM ST. JOHN
THE L ORD WAKEH U R ST. former Lord Prior of the Ord e r of Sf. JOhll, opelled the n e w Mountain Resclle H.Q. ill A berdeell
The
G. W. Bruce, Mr. Ralph Gertenberg and Sir Ma l colm Barclay- H arvey, Lord Prior of th e Prior y of Scotlalld
YORKS
DRIGHLINGTON DIVISION , Spell Valley Corps. Four m e mb ers qualify for the Advanced First A id Certificate.
Pr esen tations b\'
A /S /0. Mrs. -
L eac h , to D /O
Mrs. E. Sykes, Mrs. M. Smith, .A..1rs L. Dickinson and Mrs. 1 Raistrick. Also in th e picture Div Surgeon Dr 1. Stevens and Vice-
Pr es:de nt Mrs. J Slack.
SOUTHWICK CA D ET DIVISIONS raised over £100 by a walk spon-sof'ed by th e Par e nt s and Friends Committ ee. Total distanc e covered (Southwick to Black Rock , Brightorl> , and back), was] 2 mil es. Forty-six took part- plus one do g.
BRISTOL POLICE
BRISTOL CONSTABULARY FIRST AID TEAMS which won. 16 trophies over an area covering Somerset, Berkshire and Worcestershire. The Cadet learn represented the Force in Ihe Casualties Union semi-final competitions. Picture shows: Seated Sgt. W. Par sons (trainer), Mr. C. Twist (Chief Constable) and Chief In sp. Hayden. Standing: Constables D. Kingscoli, P. Hardiman, J. Shaw, K. Wadsworth, Sgt. F. White and Cadets E. Allen, Miss Collier and P. Lewis.
CHESHIRE
A G RO UP TAKEN AT a one-day Leadership Co nference held in Cheshire. Dr. 1 E. Miller, County SlIrgeon, Mrs. Blirt HamillOll, Mr. H. G. H em min g, Mr. S. P Torr, Mr. R A. Fielding, Miss Katherine Pa x ton , and Dr. Scott. Ken Ou ltram
PLYMOUTH, S.W. DEVON and EAST CORNWALI.I
MR. R . W. TREBILCOCK (right), Managing Director Messrs. Arthur Brand alld Cily Radio (Plymouth), presented a colollr televisioll seT to the Commissioner, SQO. LOR. 1 E. G. HANCO CK, as a first prize ill a fund raising competition for th e Brigade. A Is o in the picTlire Mrs. V. Trebilcock, County Superintendent.
50 EATON PLACE, LONDON, S.W.1
Just the place for all St. John members to stay and meet their friends. Excellent facilities for Parties MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION FORM FROM THE WARDEN
Spcnborough Guardian
Preparation for Competitions
By Command ery N ursin g O fficer MISS B B O YCE, S.R.N., S.C.M., Northern Ireland
Reprinted from the "Review," December 1967, in response to man y requests
Whilst the object of belonging to the Brigade approach. There is, of course, the. complacent i not essentially competition work, there is no competitor, who is 0 ure she knows It .all that he doubt that the knowledge gained by the necessary neglects to revise, and to attend practices. practice will render the member in a far is the team member who cancels at the la t mmute secure position to do good, should an accIdent for no very good reason- one alwa>,:s hopes that occur in their vicinity. Florence Nightingale, many he will not be given the opportumty to do so years ago, maintained that a patient should never again. be made worse as a result of ministrations by D Determination- This can do a great deal nurses-it still applie today. for both the individual and the team itself. There There are many people who do not believe in may be many difficulties to of competitions for a variety of reasons- orne good, equipment, lack of suitable premI e m whIch to some not so good. If the sole interest is in winning practise, lack, I am sorry .to ay, of the ?evoted and no one but the few involved in the team teacher, but with determmatIOn and dnve the receive any teaching, then the division would be team can go on to win. And what a sense of better to forget about competitions, and all take achievement each mu t feel a the team goes part in practice. For a division of upwards of 20 forward to receive its cup. members to say that it can't get a team E Efficie ncy- Each member must be able to shows that the division is sadly lackmg m operate on her own as well a with her team-mates. enthusiasm and drive A weak member can be covered up and carried I know people are busy, but if they come to a certain extent, and this may well have to be to the divisional meeting, they can get m a lot done, if illne s trikes the team. But in the Nursing of the necessary practice, by all arriving a little section, each earns her own mark and it is only too early or leaving late, and not wasting time. Far easy to ee who has done least well. If you t.ake too much time goes in talking-instead of talking, time to think, there are really only a very lImIted ask each other questions. number of situations upon which you can be Hoping that a little of my talk might be examined in Nursing. And now that we are not remembered I have based it, once again, on my encouraged to ask questions, i.e., the i old friend the alphabet. I always come across on practical work, it should not be a dIfficult k new words as I hunt through the dictionary for a to become realJy efficient. Much more vanety word that will suit my purpose. exists in setting situation for Fir t Aid, but even
A Aptitude-There is no doubt that some so, there are still the same number of sy tems to people are much better suited to the nerve strain each body and only the ame old bones to be of competitions-and although much can be done broken and splinted. by practice, I think it is quite useless to put a F F id elity- devotion to duty. I quite see member in the team who is well known for her within the ordinary meaning of "d uty" competIcapacity to collapse at a crisis . tions would not count, but once you have accepted B Brain-We have all been given one and on the responsibility of being on the team, then it the who le it improves with use. I find that your bounden duty to do your best. You It frequently the team members do not use their to your divi sion, or in some ca es to your Dlstn.ct, brains once the competition starts-a sort of to be faithful in your attendance at practIce numbness creeps over the competitors and even sessions and in your own private tudy. It is a with prompting from a patient the point is missed. fact that familiarity can lead to failure, and thi I am sure a good way to overcome this is for the you must avoid. team to have practice sessions on divisional nights G Goa l- I feel you have two: First the imand to get the other members to watch like hawks provement in your and secondly the and make a silent note of each thing that they winning of the cup. Both Important to the team , consider has been done incorrectly or omitted. A but as far as human life and comfort is concerned, post-mortem is then held and both sides benefit. the more valuable aspect is in the positive saving The team can add a "deliberate" mistake, to catch of a life or minimising injury by your increased the watchers, if they so wish. knowledge.
C Confidence-b uilt up as a rule by sure H Ha rm ony- A team that gets on well knowledge-if yo u are sure you know a thing, together is more likely to produce good workyo u wi ll do it better than if you are groping in but this does not mean that the leader must not the depths of you r memory for the correct be prepared to take her place as leader. Often, I
42
think, those who have not led are quite convinced that they would do much better as the leader- a fairly natural reaction- the best way to cure this fully or to prove that it is true, is for a different person to act as leader at each practice, and so to experience the sense of responsibility that the leader feels as she deploys her team for the First Aid part of the competition. Linked with Harmony I have cho en:
I Incompati b ility- There are people who cannot work together and it i much better to accept the point. In the stress and strain of the actual competition, incompatibility may well lead to failure.
J Jumb le- to mix a confu ed mas - this sometimes describes the assortment of equipment put on a tray. Always a you learn a procedure and identify the equipment, think what it is used for, think of the order in which it is used and only put that amount of stuff on your tray. Put it tidily, and for goodness sake u e it.
K Kindness- Do not forget to be kind to your patient. I am ure that the more you use an actual patient for your practice- by that I mean someone who plays the part properly, ju t like the Casualty Union people, the better you will get. I wa truck by the pate of word that issued from the lips of ome of the competitors at the National Finals at Croydon in JUly. Obviou ly it wa the natural thing whil st practising to talk to the patient- the competitor was never at a loss and was not put out by hearing her own voice.
L Leader- An important person. She must be able to lead, pleasantly but firmly. There is no need to be dictatorial nor hectoring, a good leader delegate and doe not get 0 wrapped up in a task that she has no eye to spare for the other members of the team. She must not keep all the interesting or spectacular things for herself. She should know her team so well that she gives to each the treatment they are best at- the inveterate "granny knotter" is better not a ked to put on all the triangular bandage! The leader doe not discus one member of the team with another, and she accepts full re pon i bili ty for the actions of her team. Her own work mu t be of high order and she must be just as prepared to learn and to accept correction from nurse or doctor coaching the team, a any member of her team. She must be a good and quick assessor of the work involved in the ituation and endeavour to divide the work evenly- how often have you een one member with little or nothing to do and one getting in a panic because too much is expected of her.
M Method - only comes with practice. An extra minute spent at the beginning of the competition will pay dividends- and i much better than rushing at things- you have all seen the bed being made up and then the pre sure areas treated 43
or hot water bottle uddenly handed over to be put under the bottom blanket. Or the bed completed with the patient lying flat and the inhalation then brought to the bedside and a great upheaval goes on whilst a bed rest is inserted-it would have been much easier to complete the bed with the patient sitting up. In First Aid, lack of method may so easily result in a well bandaged, but dead patient.
N Necess ity- they say is the mother of invention. I know you frequently have to "invent" your equipment, and I also know that this does not stand you in good stead at the actual competition, where every mortal thing you require is provided. And where you are expected to use these things. If a Kaolin Poultice is wanted you should put the tin on to heat and actual1y make the pOUltice. If a moist inhalation, then the kettle must be boiled, drug measured out and Nelson's inhaler correctly assembled and taken to the patient whom you have already propped up in bed. If a dose of medicine is to be given, then it is properly poured out ob erving all the rules of giving medicine
o O bservatio n- The majority of us have two eye, but some make far more use of them than o thers. Learn to u e them- note what you ee and register the information. Casualties Union are 0 good now that you can learn a lot by looking at your patient- her colour, her increased re pi.ralion, the way she is lying in bed, her COUgh-Ill First Aid the way they are lying or sitting, the disposal of the set- all sorts of useful information can be gained quickly and simply. We can all practi e it all the time- put yourself mentally in any part of your own home town and try to think where the neare t telephone kio k, pillar box , etc., I.
P Preparatio n- I tress and not for the first time that a success at competitions rest largely on preparation. Every action should become automatic, for in tance, if you pick up a medicine bottle to give a do e of medicine, you hould without giving the matter additional thought, reach for the medicine gla or spoon and the card upon which the size of the do e and the time of administration is noted. I cannot think that anyone who has conscientiou ly practised that imple method could ever be guilty of grabbing a bottle and pouring out "some" medicine. Nor do I think that there i any need for tongue ticking out and much trembling of the hand. Half a dozen time mea uring medicine hould make you quite familiar with the different dosage, a anyone can buy a medicine glas and tand up at home and pour water out of a medicine bottle! I find it hard to believe that there is a ingle household without a medicine bottle.
( Continued overleaf)
Continued /rom page 43
Q Quality-The quality of your work must be good. Always at the back of your mind must be the thought that sometime you might be able to save a life, or to prevent further damage beinodone, by applying the knowledge you have learnt in the classroom. If your standards have always been high, you will know what to aim for as you carry o ut first aid at the ide of the road or the factory floor.
R Requisites- A nice tidy mind, will with practise be able to produce a mental picture of what is needed for your treatment in the Nur ing part. Look as if you have handled it and are familiar with it. You cannot expect the judge to give you full marks for assembling a sterili ed syringe, if your hand is shaking so much that the plunger refuses to fit into the barrel of the syringe. It looks as if it is the first time you have ever tried to do it.
S Satisfaction-You can't all win, but the knowledge that you have done your best and not
FIRST AID-REMOVAL OF THE INJURED
Continued /rom page 36
Readers will note that the tone and procedure of competitions in Scotland have changed since the early years and have become similar to tho e held by the St. J ohn Ambulance As ociation below the Border. Old traditions die hard, however, and one still find a tran sport hazard placed omewhere in the competition test piece and competitors have to use their ingenuity to overcome many of the problems set.
Most of you will probably agree that notwithstanding the passing of the years and the changes in First Aid treatment necessitated in the light of modern medical knowledge and thought that the principles in the handling and transporting of the injured remain somew hat the same as first described by Sir Thomas Beatson in his Handbook so long ago.
To conclude I leave you with the new Manual's final point on the subject, "See that the tran port is safe". Reprinted b y courtesy of the Author and th e British Transport Police Journal.)
di graced yourself or your teacher should give a feeling of ati faction.
T Team Spirit- The individual desire must be subordinated for the benefit of the team.
U Uniform- There is alway a uniform way of carrying out treatment and a marks can only be awarded for what is observed to be d o ne , que tion s a ked and information given, it i es ential that each member will learn to do it as the book ays and will not leave out what appears to be an unnece sary question, i.e., "Do you want a blanket?" when sitting a patient out of bed.
V Variety- Try to achieve this m your practice sessions.
W Worry- A little is a good thing, too much is up etting.
X The unknown quantity- the te t it se lf.
Y For you the member of the team-eac h hoping that you will not be the one to let the team down.
Z Zeal-with which you have pursued all your study and practice.
NOTTS
THE COMMISSIONER-IN-CHJEF, LT.-GE SIR WILLIAM PIKE talking t o Ambulance Member GORDON DEXTER who, in spite of beiHR severely disabled, is a very keen and useful member.
For details of the House and Membership, please complete and return this coupon to THE WARDEN, ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE, LONDON, S.W.I. (BELgravia 2732).
HERTFORDSHIRE
HEMEL HEMPSTEAD NURSING CADETS. The members of this Di v ision ha ve a proud record of service and qualifying for proficiency certificates. Among those in the piclure are th e willner of the Battle of Britain Trophy, Miss Sharon Neill (see page 8), Cpl. Jani ce B eeston, Cadet Leader Ha ze l Overinglon alld Cadet Leader Christine Wheeler w ho r ece i ved Special Service Shields.
Nottingham Guardian Journal
Graphic Photos
TV GAME , A PAR
Test your powers of observation
Look at the cover picture for one minute-stop watches out! Then see how many of the following questions the competitors can answer-pencils and paper at the ready.
QUESTIONS ANSWERS!
1. N arne of the artist. Giles.
2. How many nurses m the drawing? Two. \ttl!{
3. What are they doing? One in ward and one leavmg exit.
4. How many people in the picture? Nine-(extra mark for "one in bed") \\t'?!
5. Is there a no tice on the wall? Yes.
6 If h t d ·t ? "Way Out." \tt'?! . so, w a oes 1 say. \\tll
7. How many patients in the ward?
8. How many windows?
9. How many pipes? Three.
10. Anything strange about them? Snake left corner top pipe; bot\ttl!{ tom pipe contains syrup of figs.
JOINT NURSING MANUAL Continued from page 4 framework for lectures· Each lecturer will demonstrate proced ures using the eq ui pment which is available at the time in that place. It is felt that instructor will welcome this challenge, as each teaching situation will become much more realistic.
Nursing procedures cannot be considered in isolation; they must always be related to the patient ' needs. It is not a practical proposition to use actual patients for teaching, but teaching based on Nursing Care Studies using simulated "patients" is a useful alternative. This method provide an interesting and realistic framework and also illustrates how a nurse can anticipate and supply her patients' needs.
It is not only nursing procedures which cannot be con idered in isolation; nursing itself must be fitted into the background of the social services. Throughout the text of the manual these services have been mentioned, but it is realised that their extent and scope will vary from one area to another. Lecturer , of course, will be a ware of the services available in their particular districts and it i thought that nursing care studies can again be used to show the relation hip between the various social factors and the patients' needs, as well as the essential link between nursing and the Society'S welfare training.
ticularly help those members who work in hospitals where they may learn to carry out these proced ure s, although on occasions a number of them could well be used when nursing a patient at home.
There is a short appendix devoted to the common infectious diseases; these have been set out in tabulated form for easy reference.
Another very short appendix is devoted to bandaging. There are so many other materials in use to hold a dressing in place effectively and comfortably that bandages are now rarely used. Skill in their application therefore is usef ul to the nurse, but not an essential technique, as it used to be.
The Manual has been illustrated in a different way. It is hoped that the line drawings will clarify certain points and help members to see how certain skills are performed.
The points of difference between the present and the new Manual are quite considerable, but they are not incompatible. The basic care of the ill person remains the same, and the qualities of kindness and compassion are needed by the nurse as she practises her skill now just as much as they ever were. The nursing volunteer has always found the Manual a helpful source of support to her knowledge and attitudes; if the third edition continues this fine tradition as well as its predecessor, the task of preparing a new presentation will have been well worth while.
What are the people wearing? Marks for details.
11. \ttZl.
12 Wh t th m·g? Marks for details. . a are ey carry . \\tZl.
13. Where is the bandaged finger? On the Way-out sign. ;
14. How many adults and children m Seven adults, two children. \\tl!{ the drawing?
15. What does the caption say? "I think Uncle Harry looked a little poorly today and I think 00 Uncle Harry would have appreciated a little less talk about outer space."
There are a number of other details which could gain marks but space here limits listing any more-this is just an idea for getting a little peace and quiet after the turkey and opening presents!
New drugs are discovered almo t every day; some are retained for years, others are superseded in a few months. Because of these rapid changes there is very little mention of specific drugs throughout the Manual. Occasional references are made to ubstance which seem likely to remain in general use, but information which could go out of date very quickly has been omitted. Again it is envisaged that the in tructors will widen the teaching by reference to drugs which are in u e at the time, and members will appreciate that detailed knowledge of drugs is not required.
The Plan oj the Manual
The fir t chapters deal with the general nursing care of any sick patient. Empha is has been laid on care in the home, although there is a certain amount of reference to the care of those in hospital and tho e working in hospital should find no difficulty in adapting this knowledge.
The econd part of the Manual deals with the more pecific care of certain types of patient. It i not claimed that the information is comprehensive but it is hoped that, taken in conjunction with the basic knowledge already gained, it will give member some guidance on the nursing and general care of these groups of people.
Part III devoted to specific nursing procedures. It is hoped that this ection will par-
47
The Voluntary Aid Societies would like to express their gratitude to Miss Mary Waldron, MSIAD., MMAA.,jor preparing the illustrations.
HOW TO GET TO THE GATE
ADVERTISEMENTSCLASSIFIED
ADVERTISING AGENTS
T. G Scott & Son Ltd., 1, Clement's Jnn , Strand, London, W.C.2 . (Tel.: 01-242 6264)
Classified Rates:
Semi-display, £310s. s.c.i (minimum £1 10s.)
Non-Trade, 9d. per word (minimum 10s )
Trade, 1s. per word (minimum 15s ) Box No. 2s. 6d extra.
Page size (Trimmed): x 7;t".
Screen: Text pages 100
Copy date: 1 st of the month preceding publication.
Publication: 27th of month preceding cover date.
Agency commission: 10% FOR SALE
S.J.A.B. Badge W all Shields, 35s. 6d.; .SJ.A.B. Gold
Cased Crested Cuff Links, 68s. nbbons Is. 6d. each ribbon on buckram for sewLOg on urytform. 2s. each ribbon mounted on pin brooch ; mounted 3s. 6d. per medal on brooch . MIOlatures quoted for.-MONTAGUE JEFFERY. Outfitter, St. Giles Street, Northampton. (4)
OALL-PENS, Diaries, Note Pads, Keys , Fobs, Pencils etc., Gold-stamped na'!le or Personal naf!1es raise funds quickl y-eas lly. DctaJls-Northcrn Novclhes, Bradford, 2. (22) UP TO DISCOUNT on branded CARPETS
WILTON, AXMINSTER, ORIENTALS, Etc. FREE U.K. Chinese.
3.Ld EACH !-PRINTED BALL POINT PENS. 144 Conway Ball .Pens in gold with your. or for only 39.s. , 144 Printed Sovereign Pe ncIls (Bnt lsh) 39s. Pleas e pnnt your slogan. (Maximum 30 letters) and add 4s. 6d. standard carriage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2a. Handsworth Road, London, N.17. (17)
GOOD FUND RAISERS from Airedale .Press Ltd.
Hav e the S.J.A. Emblem displayed on Ball Point Pens, printed with 2/3 I.ines of Bngade detatls on Briti sh -made Rowney Penctl s and Conway Stewart Pen s. Write for Price Booklet and samples to F P 0 Box 60 Mosscar Street , Bradford 3, Yorkshire. ., , (25)
C ONWAY STEWART QUALITY BALL PENS , Diestamped with 33 Gold Letters and Spaces 30s. a gr<?ss 6s. standard charge, post and packing any quantity Three days delivery. Samples free. Sale or return. Full refund on pens returned. - ABBEY WHOLESALE. 77, Liverpool Road , Stoke ST4 lAE. (36)
CHILDREN ' S CH RISTMAS PARTIES. All y our requirement supplied. TOYS, GAMES, NOVELTIES, FANCY GOODS of every description. Individual wrapping service. Also BALLOONS , CARNIVAL HATS, BRAN TUBS DECORATIONS FUND RAISERS , PERFUME CARDS , etc. EVERYTHING AT WHOLESALE TRADE PRICES. Send for 64 page Also Furniture, Carpets, Bedding. Save £££ from Bntain's largest suppliers.-SWINNE RTONS LTD., Dept. R O., Union Street, Walsall. (40)
ORGANISERS OF BAZAARS AND FUNDS. We welcome both personal buyers and mail orders for our extensive range of toys, stationery and Christmas Cards at wholesale prices. Send for price li sts. ALSO pre-selected parcels: 144 6d. Toys OR 72 1s. Toys OR 38 1s. J Jd. Toys OR '.lelection Stationery OR Selection Christmas Cards. Each Par cel 54s., plu s 4s. 6d. postage. Two or more parcel s, 6s. postage. - J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cumey) Ltd ., 2a, Handsworth Road London, N 17. (18)
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL
CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates accepted at the age of 17 to commence an 18 months coursc of training as Ophthalmic Moor:Aelds Medal a nd Certificate awarded to sl!ccesslul dates Well equipped School of NurslOg. ul candidates, on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses' Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Hall. Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres TenniS COLlrt. Active Social Club.
Applications in writing to the Matron
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l
Vacancies exist for State Enrolled Nurses to enter for the Po st-Enro lled training in Ophthalmic Nursing. Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing.
Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successfu l candidates who are also prepa red for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board.
Opportunities for promotic:ln and practical responsibility in the specialist field of nurs in g.
Apply to Mi ss M. B. MacKellar , Matron. (26)
SHORTAGES IN HOSPITALS WARDS CLOSED
NEW ONES UNOPENED
Why! Lack of Nursing Staff
In some wards there are up to 130 patients-all to be cared for by three to four nurses per day shift and by perhaps one or two at night.
As a result, nurses are concerned that the standard of care they like to give must suffer. Recruitment of nurses is falling and one of the reasons is the present level of pay. The nursing profession has always been underpaid. It has been exploited for too long.
Did you know that after three years' hard and exacting training the average cash-in-hand of a newly qualified nurse is £6.14.0 a week?
If you feel that Britain's nurses deserve a fair deal, please support the Rcn campaign for better pay and conditions by writing to the Press, tal king to your M.P.s, putting up our stickers and posters, arranging protest meetings and by any other law-abiding and legitimate means.
RAISE THE ROOFI
All Nurses Deserve Fair Pay
Supp/emenllo " Nursing Times" November 13, 1969
Problems disappear on the Complan course
The elderly have a lot of problems. Often
they get dispirited, feel drained of energy
and can't be bothered with food. Why should they, when their teeth and digestion are poor, their appetites nonexistent? Tea and soft toast fills them up. But it's not nourishment, and they become too tired, too depressed to face
p
1 Ib (454 gram) cartons their problems. Com plan breaks the vicious circle. Complan gives the elderly complete nourishment, in less time, with Complan is a Glaxo trade mark less effort, than it takes to make tea. A daily cup of Complan provides nutritional balance in pleasant-to-digest form. Well-nourished on Complan, faces Detailed literature available on request lighten, steps are sprightly, and problems don't seem quite so bad. G/axo
