The St. John Gazette (August 1946)

IN our series of zipc oxide plasters and bandages, careful attention has been given to the selection of the constituents incorporated in the adhesive. The result is that skin irritation is reduced to the minimum.

'LEUKOPLAST'

ZINC OXIDE ADHESIVE PLASTER

7'2" to 3" wide, in lengths of I yd.,5 yds. and 10 on spools. Also in special tropical packings.

'LEU KOLASTIC'

FLESH COLOU RED ELASTIC ADHESIVE BANDAGE

I" to 3" wide, I yd. length stretching to 1% yds.: 3 yds. stretching to 5-6 yds. On and in tins. Also in special tropical packings.

'HANDYPLAST'

FIRST-AID ANTISEPTIC ADHESIVE DRESSINGS WITH AN AIR STRIP

size boxes 6d. and 1/-. Also elastic stnps, 17'2" and 27'2" wide. I and 5 yd. lengths for surgery use. HERTS PHARMACEUTICALS LIMITED

WELWYN GARDEN CITY

<i(1)t

Iltire C!&f!idal 8 lIDltrnal Df Of;ratth Jdory in tlJe n.ealm of 3B'enerahle ®rhfr of tlJe of of Jerusalem

Edited bv GEORGE E. CRAFT, O.St.J., F.R.S.A

VOL. 19. No.8. AUGUST, 1946

EDITORIAL

HOLIDAYS At the time of penning these words the holiday month is with AND us and numerous members will be having a well-earned rest. ACTIVITIES In some cases the first real rest for seven weary years. On those left behind falls the work of the Brigade; and in some cases it means that those at home will have greater demands made upon them for duties. It is on such occasions that Brigade duties, other than lining the streets on the processional route, are brought more fully to the fore. So many members of the general public take it for granted that members of the Brigade will be present when an important street function takes place, that they entirely overlook, or possibly they do not know, other important duties which personnel carry out.

There is the important duty of Hospital Assistance, which is done in such a quiet unassuming manner that only those connected with the hospitals realize how much it means to the nurses and patients in those institutions. The Hospital Car Service, the Escort and Guide Duties, Library Services in Hospitals, Occupational and Diversional Therapy, all occupy an important part in the curriculum of the efficient St. John Ambulance Brigade. The assistance rendered to the District Nurse and the running of Medical Comforts Depots are just as important as the street duties. Each separate duty makes up the important and self-sacrificing services of Brigade personnel.

AUTUMN TRAINING

This year we shall have a, possibly, more interesting Autumn session owing to the fact that the Supplement to the Textbook is now in force, and all re-examinations now take this into consideration. There is not very much extra to learn, but the hardest part is for the old stagers to forget that which they have practised for many years. The Instructors, too, must make sure that they are fully conversant with the new instructions before attempting to impart their knowledge in future classes. First aiders are very critical; and the least slip is enough to mar any future instruction.

INVESTITURE AT ST. JOHN'S GATE

On July 26 an investiture was held in the Chapter Hall prior to the Chapter General. Included in the recipients were the following, who received the Bronze Life Saving Medal of the Order: Charles T. H. Howe (Transport Officer, Weston-super-Mare Corps), Richard C. Walker (Co. Durham), and Edward A. Wright (of Tadworth, Surrey). who was only 14 years of age when the award was made.

Colonel Sir Edwin King (Chancellor of the Order) carried out the Investiture in the absence of the Sub-Prior (Lord Clarendon), who was indisposed.

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VISIT TO THE NETHERLANDS

Lieut.-Colonel Sir Thomas Cook, accompanied by Lady Cook, recently undertook a special mission to the Netherlands, and established contact with the Order of St. John in the Netherlands.

He was received by the Grandmaster, Baron W. J. van Lynden, at the Headquarters of the Order; others present being Baron F. C. C. Van Tuyll (1\Iaster of Works, Jonkheer H. A. Quarles van Ufford (Chancellor), Jonkheer VV. Laman Trip (Treasurer), Jonkheer Dr. L. H. K. C. van Asch van Wijck (First Knight of the Chapter), and Jonkheer C. L. van Beyma (Second Knight of the Chapter).

The Chancellery at The Hague takes the form of two rooms belonging to the house of Jonkheer W. Laman Trip, who shares the duties of Secretary-General with the Chancellor.

There are 180 Knights of two grades, but no other members of lesser degree. The pre-war membership was 220, and it is proposed to re-establish that numb er in the near future; whilst it is proposed to replace the Eagle included in th e insignia, and of German origin, by the Netherland Lion.

Sir Thomas also visited the Headquarters of the Netherlands Red Cro ss Society, of which H.R.H. Princess Juliana is President. He \vas received by the Director-General, Jonkheer H. P. van Ketwick Yerschuur and members of the Committee.

During his stay Sir Thomas visited Rotterdam, \\"here he inspected the warehouses containing stocks arriving from various quarters for the relief of th e population, the Castle of the Doorwerth, which was the pre-war seat of .\ssemblv of the Knights, but which was completely destroyed during the battle of Arnheni, the Castle of Sterkenburg, which is under consideration for the new seat of Assembly, and a cemetery containing 1,600 graves of members of the British Forces who fell in the fighting in that. area. Hospitals \vere also visited. Thomas was the guest of honour of the Chapter held at The Hague, and replIed to a speech of welcome from the Grandmaster.

It is hoped that it will be possible to have a liaison officer fro111 the Order in the British Realm to the Order of St. John in the Netherlands.

POOTUNG PRISON CAMP, CHINA

Since the cessation of hostilities in the Far East many reports of first aid training have been received, including that of the above camp, where some 40 men and w0?1;en were trained in first aid by two BntIsh doctors, a St. John Gold Medallist and one other.

Mr. F. S. Coote was appointed Chief of Services by the internees, numbenng some 1,100, and later some 200 women were also sent to live in the camp which was an abandoned tobacco house.

The training closely followed that of the St. John Association, and examinations carried out on similar lines with the additional subject of Home Nursing for the women. During the period of internment .the first had about two years' practIcal expenence in rescue work handling of acute sickness, hospital ing, and were called upon to render assistance whenever medical help was required . The Japanese provided no facilities except when it could be proved to satisfactiC''1 of a guard that a man was

upon the point of death. They then per mitted the patient to be transported across the river to the hospital in Shanhai

Emergency certificates were presenteJ by the examining doctors; and these th EAssociation are replacing with the official certificate.

SUPPLEMENT TO FIRST AID

c:re reminded that Supplement to FIrst AId to the Injured is now in operation and that as and from August 1 last, all classes and examinations will be conducted on the Textbook plus the Supplement.

We are repeating a notice which has already appeared in the Gazette regarding two small errors which crept into the manuscript, for the benefit of those who have not yet altered their copy of the Supplement:

(1) Page 12. Three lines from the bottom of the page the word "foot" should read •• head ".

(2) Page 32. In Rule 4 the words " and 2 seconds feet down II' should read .. and 3 seconds feet down". 216

COMMEMORATION SERVICE, 1946, IN THE RUINS OF THE PRIORY CHURCH, LONDON

ENTHRONEMENT OF THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY AS PRELATE Of THE ORDER IN THE CRYPT CHAPEL, 24th JUNE, 1946.

PEEPS BEYOND THE SYLLABUS (II)

"ARTERIAL BYWAYS"

By Major H. C. STEWART, M.D. Divisional Surgeon, 58/5 Western Postal and St. M arylebone Division, The St. John A mbulance Brigade

It's a queer title, isn't it? And, anyway, why. not hie?'hways? "\Vell-to take the latter first, highways obviously means the mam artenal pathways such as the aorta, femoral, and brachial arteries, etc., which carry much blood considerable pressure, but from a first aid point of view are, not of to us, They rarely give trouble unless they are Injured III an accIdent or III war, and the hcemorrhage they produce is sudden and often fatal. If you are present at the time, you may be able to control some of these by the use of th e correct pressure-point.

From an anatomical point of view, arteries are much more constant than veins. When you place your finger on the pulse (radial artery), it is usually f elt easily but veins are much more irregular, which can be seen witho,ut if you let those on the back of your hand and arm fi ll up by hangmg It down , and then compare the distribution of these surface veins with those of your friends, when you will see the differences.

I. ARTERIOLES

The smaller arteries, however, in many ways playa much more important part in our lives, and are rather neglected. Just follow in your mind the arteria] system for a minute, starting from the left ventricle where the blood leaves the heart by the aorta, from 'which arise all the big vessels supplying the brain, limbs, trunk, and vital organs. Now these vessels are tough in construction to withstand the pressure of blood in them, but they are also elastic, and gradually diminish in size until they form the very fine netv,ork of capillaries in th e tissues When these arteries have eventually become so small that they are like threads, they are called arterioles, or little arteries. These vessels are of the greatest importance because being under nervous and other control, the y can be closed or opened, so varying the blood flow to a particular part. \Vben it is cold the skin vessels constrict and less blood flows through, so less heat is lost, and the opposite happens when the body is overheated. Capillaries are often contracted or dilated as well, but the arterioles play the most important part in this control. Veins in their turn have their little vessels or venules, but these are less important as they are less controllable, and of course it is th e amount of blood reaching an organ than really matters.

These arterioles act in the same way as the" crowd barriers" put up specially for the" V " day parade. When you queue for the dogs, a football match, or everybody is pushing and shoving, you feel hemmed m on all SIdes, untIl you reach the turnstile where only one can enter at a time. When it clicks behind you, and you are in, the most noticeable thing is surely freedom, the lack of pressure.' you can walk in comfort in any direction you lIke. In other words, the artenoles when constricted act as turnstiles, letting only a small steady stream, free from pressure, through, and now you will an artery when cut will spurt from the pressure of blood, while a '¥Ill only ooze. The oPP?site occurs when the pressure behind the IS too great, and ,the stadIUm walls give way, and the crowd flows In lIke a great wave; such IS the case when the arterioles dilate and allow the blood to surge in, as, for example, in blushing.

It i,s this mecha71ism, control of arterioles, which is largely responsible for the spurtmg of cases of shock, so that it leaves the skin and other organs, and In parts the body

There IS a saymg, a man IS as old as hIS tongue and a little older than his teeth," to which we might add- ' and will live as long as his arteries allow him."

218

As we grow older, our tissues lose the vitality they had in our youth, and our arteries become thickened and less resilient in nature. When you take a pulse, you count the beats, but with experience can tell if the artery feels young and supple, or hard and old, with perhaps raised blood pressure. This latter condition is largely due to the changes of old age which effect your blood vessels, and if you are unlucky in this way these changes set in at an earlier age and rather more severely than is the case with the normal advance of years.

The heart then has to increase its pumping power, and the blood pressure rises, otherwise insufficient circulation will get through the narrowed vessels, and vital organs receive too little blood. A raised blood pressure, remember, by itself is of little account, provided that the heart and bloodvessels can withstand the extra strain. If the latter give way, you get an internal hcemorrhage, which if it affects arteries in the brain will cause apoplexy, and the person will have a " stroke ", from which they mayor may not recover.

The arteries that give way under these circumstances are quite small ones, but the force of the escaping blood under pressure may damage the brain by forming a pool that will press on vital parts, or may even plough up the brain substance, like an airplane making a crash landing does to the surface of a field. Lucky is the person with high blood pressure who has nose bleeds from time to time, as this acts as a safety valve and reduces the pressure, In these cases the wise first aider will not try and stop the bleeding, which always stops in its own good time. The heart can pump against the increased pressure for a time, and the muscle increases in thickness to cope with the extra work to be done. After years of this, however, the strain becomes too much, the heart dilates, its force weakens, and the blood pressure may fall, but at this stage this is not a good sign. Finally, you have a condition of heart failure as result of years of overwork and strain.

2. THE CORONARY AND NUTRIENT ARTERIES

Then we come to the "forgotten arteries", which are nevertheless of vital importance to our existence. Supreme among these is the coronary artery, or the one that supplies the heart itself with blood. It may seem odd at first, with all the blood continually passing through the heart, that it cannot derive from this enough energy, that is to say oxygen, for its purpose. In fact, the chambers of the heart are lined with a delicate membrane, rather like that in the eye or mouth, and this depends on its supply from the blood continually in contact with it. Our hearts have a really tough job. They commence beating, even months before we are born, and have to continue to the end. There is an amazing reserve of power and energy in them which is often demonstrated to students by taking a frog's heart out and fixing it up in the laboratory with some saline solution perfusing it, when it will continue to beat for many hours, and may even continue through the night and be found still performing the following morning. The coronary artery then, is the first branch of the aorta which comes off as the latter vessel leaves the heart, and supplies the much needed extra blood required in cases of exercise, fever, etc ., when the heart beats much faster and has more work to do. T4e heart pain in angina pectoris is often due to this artery being furred up, like a water pipe, so that it cannot carry enough blood to the muscle.

The other arteries often forgotten and neglected, are the arteries to the bones. It is easy to think of bones as dead structures from their appearance, so different from that of living flesh. They are, of course, very much alive, otherwise they would not mend after being broken, and as all repair of tissue, as well as growth, depends on a good blood supply, so each bone must have its own lit,tle These are known as Nutrient arteries, usually not very large, varymg In SIze from that of a piece of string to that of a fine thread. If you look at the bones of a skeleton, particularly the long bones, you will find a little hole entering at an angle about the middle of the shaft, which is the little tunnel by which these vessels enter the bone. Being small, they are not given individual are important in relation to the healing of fractures. If artery IS torn In the accident there is always the chance that the fracture WIll not heal properly,

perhaps because if it is comminuted, one or more fragments may "?e of their blood supply. Just as the living membrane of the heart IS .supphed by the blood as it passes through, so the surface of th e bones supplIed by vessels running in the periosteum, a membrane on the outsIde of the bO.ne WhICh contains a profusion of blood vessels. This alternative route of supply IS a great safeguard, but is not always sufficient on its own.

BARBADOS

The following is an extract from a letter received from J\1r. E. B. \iVilliams, Commissioner of the Barbados District.

" On behalf of the Barbados District I should like to thank Overseas Headquarters for the long cable received on June 19 giving advance notice of the broadcast by the B.B.C. of the Commemoration Service and enthronement of the Archbishop of Canterbury as Prelate. This information was published in the local papers and over the Radio Distribution. You will be pleased to know the reception was splendid.

The Barbados District held their Annual Parade and His Excellency the Governor, Sir Grattan Bushe, K.C.M.G ., inspected the seven Nursing and one Ambulance Divisions, afterwards taking the sal u te at the March Past. This took place on Sunday, June 23, and the annual Service was held in St. Michael's Cathedral immediately after. The Lord Bishop gave the address and made a stirring appeal, reminding members of the meaning of the four arms of the Cross and the eight points of the centre design in the badge and fl.ag of the Order.

Sir Harry Luke gave a very interesting lecture on the history of the Order. Invitations were sent out and the public was also admitted to the lecture. Sir Harry appealed for funds for the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade Overseas, Barbados District Eye Fund. This fund was originally started as a private charity by Lady Bushe, our Lady President, but since May 2 has been taken over by the Brigade. This fund, which now amounts to $495.63, is to provide glasses and in some cases special treatment for those who cannot afford them and will be administered by the Family Welfare Society. The Treasurer of this special fund is a member of the Brigade and also a member of the Society."

SOUTH AFRICA

Health Exhibition.-The South African Vroue-federasie concluded its Health Tour in Johannesburg in the middle of June, having spent a day in each of thirtyone towns and villages in the Transvaal conducting health lectures and giving 2'20

demonstrations. In Johannesburg it wa s attended chiefly by members of the medical profession, and it seems a great. pity that it di d not attract the attent.ion of the general public to a greater extent as many would have benefited from a project such as this, especially as lectures were conducted on public health, physical culture, mothercraft, child welfare, dietetics and cooking.

Informative health exhibition stalls were set up by the Public Health Department, the National Advisory Committee of Physical Health Education, the Social \Velfare Department, Red Cross and St. John Ambulance. The lectures and demonstrations were conducted by these organizations. Two members of the Brigade gave a Home Nursing demonstration on the correct method of bedmaking, making a bed first, and then showing how to change sheets and remak e the bed with a patient in it. They are to be congratulated on a neat and efficient dlsplay.

HONOURS

The Chief Commissioner, Brigade AtHome, is please d to announce the following Honours which have been announced :-

B.E.M.-Sergeant G. French (Borough of Wembley Division), in recognition of services rendered for the Port of London Authority during the blitz Hon. Sergeant F. G. Tucker (Wimbledon and Merton Division ), whilst serving with H.M. Forces. He was also Mentioned in Dispatches in 1943, when he was on the secret manning staff in Cairo and again in the same year when he was in the Medical Branch of 13th Corps during operations in Sicily.

Sergeant Albert Rider (Gainsborough Division) has been awarded the. B.E.M. for outstanding work dunng his five year's service in Bomb Disposal.

Mentioned in Dispatches.-Miss Phyllis Cooper (Chingford Nursing Division), for services in the Mediterranean Theatre.

My FRIENDS,

There has been a great deal of qiscussion lately on the possibilities of the extension of the usefulness of Medical Comfort Depots in rural areas.

Those of us who live in large towns do not realize that, in many areas buses do not pass the door every few minutes, or that to get to the nearest village even, is a couple of miles on " Shanks' Pony" or a bicycle. I must admit that it was not until I went do'W'Il to Suffolk last weekend and got really into the country, that I realized the difficulties of living in the rural areas. Thanks to the kindness of my good friends, the miles rolled by in comfort, but I hate to think of how I should have fared if my wife had been ill, and it was a case of tramping the distance on a cold winter's night.

The answer seems to be that in these cases particularly, it would be a great advantage to have a few articles available in carefully selected areas. These need only be really essential articles, such as bedpans, urinal bottles, mackintosh sheets, and hot water bottles. One each of these articles in, say, six places within a radius of five miles from the central depot would, I think, be a very great help. Co-operation with other Divisions would be necessary to prevent both deciding to place the articles within half a mile or so of each other. No bookkeeping would be necessary at these sub-depots as all articles loaned, etc., could be booked into the central book, say once every three months.

It is not necessary for the person holding the article to be a member of the Brigade or Association, though this is, of course, desirable, so long as they are responsible members of the community (that is, a householder of reasonable tenancy).

It would, of course, be necessary to advertise locally the address to which one could apply, as it would seem rather too much to expect a person entirely unconnected with the Organization to displaya permanent notice on the front of the house.

I should be very pleased to hear from any Depot that has already a scheme of this type in operation, and their opinion of its value. I could then pass the news on to other Depots considering such a stage.

Still more Depots are wanted in all parts of the country, so rally round and help with the good work.

THE SECRETARY, M.C.D. Committee.

LETTERS OF INTEREST

The Surgeon-in-Chief has received the following letter in reply to the letter of welcome which he sends to each newly appointed Brigade Surgeon.

"Thank you for your kind letter of welcome and advice on my appointment as Divisional Surgeon, for the enclosed Pamphlet B.L. 3, and for authority to wear uniform and to use Divisional stationery for Brigade correspondence.

" I have already made myself known to the County Surgeon, and shall not hesitate to seek his advice and help in any difficulty.

" I was a prisoner-of-war for three years and can never forget the service rendered in the way of food, clothing, medical supplies, books, etc., by the Red Cross and Order of St. John. It is a debt which I can never hope adequately to discharge, but I hope it may always serve as a stimulus spurring me to greater effort and service."

THANKS

Captain F. Claridge (in charge of Middlesex V.A.D.'s) has received the following letter from Lord Latham (LordLieutenant) :

"Now that the Middlesex Sailors' Soldiers' and Airmen's 'Welfare and Comforts Fund has closed down, I should like to congratulate you upon the results of your appeal to the Nursing V.A.D. Immobile members and their St. John Nursing Divisions in Middlesex for knitted woollen articles for Middlesex troops and other units stationed within our boundary. The total of between four and five thousand articles is indeed a splendid achievement, and I should like to feel that my appreciation of this work could be conveyed to all your helpers through the medium of your Gazette."

RAILWAY AMBULANCE NEWS SOUTHERN

Thames Valley.-Awards gained by members of the Thames Valley Class were recently presented by the Mayoress of Twickenham. Of the 78 members who entered for the examination, all passed. The Mayor congratulated the members on their work, saying that he admired the persistency with which Railwaymen adhered to the work. The oldest member of the Class, Mr. A. Brazier, Twickenham, was presented with a cheque from the Company in recognition of his promptitude displayed, dealing with a woman passenger and her child who had fallen from a train near Clapham Junction. Mr. H. Hammond (Class Secretary) thanked the visitors, who included Asst. Commissioner Dr. G. R . H. vVrangham, of the S.J.A.B.

221

OBITUARY

We regret to announce the death of the following :-

Doctor Hugh George Robinson .-For many years Dr. Robinson was Divisional Surgeon of the Saltash Ambulance Division. He was a Serving Brother of the Order of St. John; and was Medical Officer of Health of Saltash Borough and St. German's Rural District.

Mr. A. E. Rushworth .-In 189 4, Mr. Rushworth was a founder member of the Huddersfield Division and was first secretary. At his death he was Treasurer of the S.W. Area, West Riding of Yorkshire and Corps Vice-president of the Huddersfield Corps. At a memorial service a large gathering of business and civic life attended; the Brigade being represented by Assistant Commissioner H. Harrison and Corps President E. W. Hirst.

Corps Supt. Thomas Emery Marsh.Joining the Brigade in 1893, Mr. Marsh rose to the rank of Corps Superintendent of the Brighton Corps. He was a Serving Brother of the Order and held the Service Medal and Bars. He received many mentions for life-saving; and during the two world wars trained many thousands in first aid, nursing, and air raid precautions.

Dr. Reginald Thomas Moore.Divisional Surgeon of the Bedminster Division, Dr. Moore first became interested in the Brigade as a patient for his Uncle who was Divisional Surgeon and Superintendent of the Division. On reaching the correct age he joined the Brigade and became Ambulance Officer and later Divisional Surgeon. His death, at the early age of 32, due to a flying accident in Africa on June 9, came as a shock to all who knew him.

Div. Supt. Mrs. Georgina Cavill.Joining the Brigade in 1939, Mrs. Cavill was appointed Officer-in-Charge of the Shirehampton Nursing Division on its formation in 1941. In the 1945 New Year she received the B.E.M. for her work as District Organizer of the Penny-aweek Fund, being responsible for collecting £3,400 in 3t years.

not only did he keep the Brigade units together but organized classes in workshops and factories. Though he passed the responsibility of the Bolton Corps to younger hands, the outbreak of war, in 1939, once again saw him stepping into the breach and took over the leadership of the Corps. Cheerful, generous, and never lacking for a word of encouragement to the younger members the Brigade, M1'. Lomax will be sadly mlssed.

Amb. Offi ce r J. Hartley. -After a lon g illness, Amb. Officer Hartley, one of the original members of the Blackpool Ambulance Division, passed away on July 25. Mr. Hartley, for over 40 years a member of the Brigade, was treasurer of the Division until his retirement and treasurer of the Headquarters Committee until his death. From 1914 to 1938 he seldom missed an afternoon's attendance at the Fire Station and acted as voluntary attendant with the ambulances. On the outbreak of war, 1939, Mr. Hartley was put in charge of a F.A. Post and remained a member of the casualty service until the full-time C.D. was disbanded.

CASUALTIES UNION

This Organization, well known to many of our readers, has entered its fifth year and proposes to extend its boundaries by the following methods :

(1) An Instructor's Course will be arranged for any group of between twenty and thirty people, with adequate first aid knowledge, to train them in the realistic technique of faking injuries Certificates will be awarded to those who achieve a satisfactory standard and join th e Union.

(2) Where such courses are impossible, a " Study Circle" (preferably including a member of the medical profession) will be formed and all possible information of the technique will be sent by post. Visits by travelling H.Q. members will be arranged, and appointing an Instructor or Instructors undertaken.

Any person or groups of persons who have been practising the faking of injuries and/or the acting of signs and symptoms

District Officer Fred Lomax, M.B.E.- are invited to become affiliated to the The passing of Mr. Lomax on July 22, Casualties Union with the view of has lost the Brigade one of the "old (a) pooling information and experiences; soldiers" who had given invaluable (b) maintaining contact; and (c) acting service, particularly to the Bolton Corps, as a nucleus for future development. for many years. During the South Full particulars of the Union, of which African War he was in charge of the Brigadier W. Rowley Bristow, F.R.C.S , organization in Bolton and supplied a is the President, can be obtained from the large number of men for the Brigade Hon. Organizer, Mr. E. C. Claxton, Contingent for" The Cape ". When the M.B E ., B.Sc., A.M.tC.E., 64 Chiltern clouds of war darkened the sky in 1914, Road, Sutton, Surrey. 222

ATHLETE'S CRAMP

Whilst on duty at Sports Meetings members are often called upon to deal with persons who are suffering from what is known as Athlete's Cramp. The causes and suggested treatment of this condition are as follows.

CAUSES

Cramp in the legs and thighs is caused by two factors: (r) The arteries are pushing blood to the running muscles rapidly as a result of the increased heartrate. The veins carry away this blood as quickly as they can, but they may not be able to remove it from the leg muscles as fast as the arteries are supplying it. Thus we get the vessels of the leg muscles packed full of bl?od,. which bec.ome.s full of carbon dioxide. Cramp results from the local congestIOn III the of the running muscles, because blood is being forced into them much qUIcker than it can get away. There is another factor. When muscle cells work they produce as a waste product (of combustion) not only carbon dioxide, but also a substance called Sarcolactic Acid. This is removed by the blood. In overactivity of the leg muscles this is produced more rapidly it c<l:n got rid of with the result that an excess amount of sarcolachc aCId remams III the This acid is a great factor in causing rigor mortis-that tight contraction of the muscle fibres which occurs after death. So it can readily be seen that an excessive amount of sarcolactic acid in the muscles during life will cause a condition of constriction or cramp.

TREATMENT

With the patient lying on his back, the first aider flex the in the abdomen and the leg on the thigh. Returning the lower 11mb to posIh.on of extension, this passive movement is repeated slowly for some lIttle while. This should be followed by, or alternated with, brisk hand massage towards the trunk. Other methods of massage (such as tapotement) are employed by professional trainers, but we, as first aiders, should not attempt any such methods unless we happen to be trained and qualified masseurs as well.

DIFFICULT TRANSPORT

The Officer-in-Charge of the Northern Ireland District gives details of an unusual case which members of the Brigade were called upon to undertake :

The Northern Ireland District were recently asked to assist in what was described by the Surgeon in charge as a "difficult and dangerous task of transport ". The case concerned a five weeks' old baby (premature) suffering from a congenital abnormality in that the cesophagus (gullet) was not .connected with its stomach but ended blllldly. An artificial opening had been made into the stomach through which the baby was fed but as the saliva collected in the child's mouth and throat could not be swallowed in the ordinary way, and as the child was too young to cough properly, there was constant danger of its actually drowning itself. The child was a patient in the Jubilee Maternity Hospital, Belfast, and as its father had obtained employment in London, the task was to remove the baby from Belfast to the Great Ormo.nd Street Hospital for further operabve treatment.

223

Northern Ireland Headquarters promptly arranged air transport for the baby from Belfast AirPO!t to the infant to be accompamed by a trallled nurse (the Nursing Officer for Co. Tyrone). A Brigade ambulance child and nurse from the HospItal III Belfast to the aircraft, and arrangements were made with Brigade Headquarters in London for a car to be waiting at Croydon to rush them to the Great Ormond Street Hospital. It is hoped that further operations will enable the child to lead a normal life.

THE ST. JOHN CADET

The second issue of the above, dated August 1, is now on sale, and Officers-inCharge of Cadet Divisions should make sure they 0 btain their copies by: (1 ) placing a standing order with their newsagents; or (2) sending a subscription to the publishing office (46-47 Chancery Lane, London, W.C. 2). Divisions ordering four copies can obtain them at 95. post free for four issues; single subscriptions being 25. 6d. for four issues, post free There are a few copies of the first issue (dated May 1) still available.

HOME NURSING HINTS

Affections of the ear, nose, and throat will often co me under th e care of who undertake to assist sickness in the home; and although many C?f wll1 be simple others will need m ed ical attention as they may be warmng SlgI1S of serious trouble.

THE THROAT

Throats are affected by dust and germs, especially in A sore throat, with no rise in temperature, little general malana , swellmg of th e tonsils or formation of patches, may be treated by SImple. gargles ma,Y be made by adding a pinch of salt , a t easpoonful of vmegar, lIttle Condy s fluid or glycerine of thymol, to a half cup of warm water. Chlldren should be taught to gargle from an early age in the same way they are to clean their teeth. The patient should half-fill the mouth, hIt th e head shghtly back, open the mouth and breathe through it. Never hurry a gargle and never tak e too much into the mouth at once.

A patient with a sore throat, however slight, should watched, and a. doctor called in if anyone of the following is noticed or compla1l1ed of by the pahent ;-

r. A rise in temperature or rigors.

2. Headache, backache, heaviness of the limbs.

3. A feeling of nausea or actual vomiting.

4. Pain in swallowing.

5. Even slight swelling or tenderness just below and behind the axle of the jaw or lumps felt at the back or sides of the neck (tonsilitis, scarlet fever).

6. White, yellowish-white, or grey patches on the lining of the throat or tonsils (diphtheria).

7. Croupy breathing (ture croup, so called) which might mean diphtheria; false croup, enlarged tonsils, and/or adenoids.

8. A rash or " strawberry tongue".

Repeated attacks of sore throat usually mean adenoids or unhealthy tonsils.

To examine a throat the patient should be seated facing a light. The head should be tilted back and the mouth opened. He is th en instructed to say" ah ". This causes the throat to open and his tongue to become slack. At the same time the tongue should be gently pressed down with the handl e of a spoon handle (which should be boiled afterwards) or with a wooden spatula (which should be burned afterwards).

You will then see the back and sides of the throat to the level of the tonsils. Be careful not to push the tongue down roughly or to touch the uvula, the little red projection at the top of the arch which can be seen behind the base of th e tongue.

THE NOSE

The nose is in communication with (r) the throat (behind the arch of the opening of the mouth into the pharynx), (2) the ear (by a tube called the eustachian tube), (3) the eye, by the tear duct, and (4) the outside, by the nostrils. It is lined with mucus membrane, which produces, like all mucus membranes, its typical secretion. Any irritation of this membrane, e.g. by dust, by irritating vapours, or by germs, will cause an excessive and abnormal secretion-increase the amount and change it in character. At first thin and watery, it may become thick, yellow, and pussy, containing certain germs. While this condition lasts the patient should be careful not to breathe or sneeze over other people; and if obtainable paper handkerchiefs should be used and burnt immediately after use.

In health, the mouth and nose contains myriads of germs which may not affect us until we lower either our general or our local resistance. General resistance is by by. hunger, by exposure, and by constipation and other th1l1gs. Local reslstance IS lowered by stuffy rooms (it is never th e draught that makes us catch cold) and the fog and froust of the ventilated rooms, cinemas, railway carriages, and so on.

224

A chronic discharge from the nose is often due to a gross abnormality, such as persisting adenoids, bony malformations in the nasal passages, or obstruction due to nasal polypo. The same abnormalities may cause a pathological diminution rather than an increase in the nasal secretion. Medical advice should be sought in these cases.

THE EAR

The ear is connected with the nose by the narrow eustachian tube. Any discharge from the ear channel, however slight (and often it may only be discovered by staining of the pillow overnight), means germs in the innermost part of the ear, and a doctor must see the case as soon as possible. The infection may be due to a spread along the tube from the nose, and is a fairly common sequel of measles and scarlet fever.

Earache may be due to the presence of a plug of hard wax in the ear channel, or be part of a simple cold, in which case warm olive oil will r elieve it. Or it may be the warning sign of serious ear trouble which may lead to the spread of infection into the air spaces in that rounded mass of bone we can feel just behind the ear, called the mastoid process. Severe pain in the ear, tenderness over the mastoid process, a rise of temperature, and glands which can be felt in the neck make it important that a doctor is sent for at once.

COMMON MISTAKES IN TREATMENT OF POISONING.

Few problems test the intelligence of the first aider so severely as that of poisoning. It may be mistaken for so many other conditions; it may be due to 50 many different causes, all requiring some special treatment. An error may cost the patient his life; and there are so many ways in which a first aider can err unless he is fully conversant with textbook instructions.

The first mistake, often made, is not to keep clues to diagnosis and treatment . The empty bottle (which the patient's relatives may remove or mislay in the heat of the condition), boxes, packets, and vomited matter should always be kept for the inspection of the medical man or possibly the police.

,Vhen the doctor arrives the examination of the vomit may tell him whether an alkali or an acid has been taken, or some smell will betray the poison taken. It may even tell him that the patient is not suffering from any poison but the vomit and other symptoms are due to hcemorrhage from a gastric ulcer!

Empty bottles may give forth some characteristic smell; or the aJ?-alyst, when called in, may be given information from them. Therefore the first prmcII?le is to keep all objects and matter which might, even in an way, a.sslst with diagnosis and treatment. The direct effects of a p<:lson are. somehmes obscured by its more remote effects. For example, alcohol IS taken m measure by a reveller who is lightheaded early in the evening. On trymg to reach the security of his home, he falls down a flight of stairs and is found unconscious, bleeding from a scalp wound. Possibly the first aider comes to conclusion that the patient is suffering from alcoholic poisoning and indiscreet fussing and publicity, puts him to bed. In most cases thIS actlOn may ju stify itself; but there is always the chance that the alcohol, not quite such quality as it shou ld be, will inflict injury on such delIcate organs as the eyes, if it is not promptly washed out WIth the help of a stomach pump or emetic.

There is still the more important eventuahty whIch the first alder must bear in mind. The patient's unconsciousness may be due to concussion or of the skull with resulting hcemorrhage into, and compression of, the bram. If this is so, and he is put to bed to It sleep off his alleged drunken stupor, he may die there in a few hours, whereas an ' immediate oper.ation in hospital might have saved his life. If a doctor is not available, first alders should remember that a hospital bed is a much safer refuge than any other.

Everyone cannot be expected to acquire an encyclopcedic knowledge of pharmacology; but every first aider should know and understand the knowledge given in the Textbook on the subject of poisons.

225

No. I (PRINCE OF WALES S) DISTRICT

Ealing Nursing Division.-Annual G ar den Party was held on July 6, when the Mayor (who was accompanied by the Mayoress ) acknowledg ed the hard work done by the Division. D istrict Officer J. Standingford welcomed the Ma yor, and gave a brief history of the Order of St. J oh n During the proceedings District Officer Capt. Claridge, on behalf of the Middlesex Comfo rts Fund, presented certificates of thanks to members and friends for knitting nearly 1,000 garm ent s for the Forces Nearly £50 was raised b y th e function, which was visited by Asst. C o mmission er Dr. Wrangham, County Surgeon Selby, Div. Surgeon Caldwell, and the Rev. L. E. Pr out. A vote of thanks was expres sed to Lady Skinn er for the loan of her beaituful garden.

COUNTY OF BERKSIDRE

Ascot.-First aid at As cot rac es were the joint responsibili t y of the Bra cknell Ambulance and Nursing Divisions and the Asc ot Detachment of the B.R.C S. During th e wa r meetings were covered entirely by Brigad e pe rsonnel, but the requirements at the first p ost- wa r meeting tested their resources a nd energies

The Stand side was staffed by the B R.C.S , an d the public side by the Brigade The C ounty Mobile First Aid Post was sent from Reading an d was served by an ambulance sent daily f r o m Readi ng. All duties were covered by members of the Bracknell Divisions, the As cot Nur sing Division, and Reading Corps. 208 ca s es recei ve d attention, including two deaths.

Reading.-Reading East Nursing Divi sio n celebrated their third anniversary b y a dinn er. Mrs. Eaton, who formed the Di vision in 1943, was presented with a silver serviette ring and an illuminated address by Amb. Officer M iss Palmer. Mrs. Eaton is leaving the Division to take up her appointment as Corps Storekeeper (N ).

COUNTY OF BRISTOL

The annual Inspection was carried out by Deputy Chief Commissioner Lieut.-General Sir Henry Pownall, on Durdham Downs, where some 1,000 members paraded under County Commissioner Dr N S. B. Vinter. Sir Henry expres sed his satisfaction at the turn-out

On Sunday, June 23, Sir Henry visited County Headquarters and inspected the Ambulance the and all records During his a senous exploslOn occurred in the ci ty, and Sir Henry saw the ambulances turn out in a matter of se.conds. He subsequently that four ca sualues had been picked up and admitted to hospital within eight minutes of the call b eing re ceived.

In the afternoon the Deputy Chief Commissioner, accompanied by County President the Duke of Beaufort and the Duchess of Beaufo rt, attended the Annual Church Parade to the Bristol Cathedral, when over 800 members paraded under Commissioner G. J. Creech. The County Sliver Band and the County Cadet Band attended the annual inspection and the church parade.

Lond on and the Coronation of King Edward V II. Mr J W . E ggles ton has been appoint ed Superinten de nt to follow Mr. Todd.

C OUNTY

OF DERBY

Staveley.-The Stav eley Corps held its annu al " F eas t Su nd ay" Church Parade on June 23 in the Pa rish Chur ch, where the Rev. Can on D i bben conducte d a special service Th ere w ere 12 D ivis ions on parade with Corps S upt. H Kirk, assis ted by Corp s Officer B Kend all, in charge of so me 450 members, with Area Cad et Offi cer F . Sh irnwell in c h a rge of the Cad ets Stav eley M ilitary B and, Irel a nd Colliery S ilver Band, with b ugle b a nd s fr o m War s op, Sta veley W ork s, and M arkh am (C adet s) were in att endan ce County C o mmi ss ioner H. C. Cham ber to o k the sal ute at t he march pa s t.

NORTH, EAST, AND MID-DEVON Th e Cou nty in sp ectio n was held on June 30. w h en the C hief Co m mi ss ioner ( General Sir C live Li d d ell ), acco mp ani ed b y Staff A sst C ommis s ion er H J . W riggles wo rth , ins pecte d some 1,2 00 m ember s on the E xe t e r City Fo otbllll T he ( Ald erman F. H. T arr) pr es id ed a t the fun c uon, th e fir s t part of w hich co n sis ted of a sh o rt s ervi ce co nducted b y the M ayor 's C h apl ain. The Ma y or paid tribu te to the w ork of th e Briga de, sa yin g: I salute vou for your s el f-sa cri fi cing wo rk b y day and ill seas o n a nd out of s ea so n " Foll owin g the ins p ec tion and m a r ch pa st , Sir Clive co m pli .. mented all U nits and thanked them for their e.xc ell ent wor k during th e w ar. He urged a conunuan ce of t he sa m e s pirit of determinati o n and co-op era tion in th e se rvi ce of their f ellow men in ti m es of pea ce. Th e Chief Commiss ioner ex pre ss ed ple asure at th e e vident s tr e ngth of th Cadet m ove men t in Devon County C om mis si on er H. J Vi c k than ked Sir Cli ve fo r his visi t, the la s t County Insp ectior h av ing tak en p la ce i n 1938, when the tOtal p erso nnel wa s 1, 649 , while the pre sent was 2,50 0. He als o stated that du ring 1945 pauents remov ed by the ambula nces number ed 6,327, whilst 919 road accidents and 7, 121 fi r s t ai d cases r ec eived attention . The a mbulan ces trav elled 145,512 miles. Th ose present irtclud ed A ss t. Commission er G. W . Hingst on (Second - in-Command ), Li eut.C ol. K. G W Saunders, and Major R. G ray Co u nty Supt. M rs. D e la Pryme (irt charg e 01 th e: Nursin g p ers onnel ), with County Offi ceMISS F K. Wo od County Cadet Officers H. L o n g mald and Mrs . Hudson Hobden were i':1 c har ge of Ca dets Corps Supt. J. L. Gr eet ( Deputy Co ,?- s table of Exeter ) was Adjutant.

The evenmg p nor to the inspection, Sir Cli ve LIdd ell w as th e guest of honour at a reception a nd dinner given by the Mayor (Alderman F H. Tarr)

PLYMOUTH , S.W. DEVON, and E. CORNWALL

On July 15 County Commissioner C. C. Prance mspecte d the City of Plymouth Transp ort COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND Division, which is composed entirely of e mKesw.ick.-Sup t. P. S. Todd has retired from ployees of the Plymouth Corporation Transp ort th B d h Department. T he Division was under Su pt. e . nga e, avmg. completed 52 years' servi ce. L. R. Pryor. T hose present included President He IS only active member left who joirted C J k (G on the formation of the Keswick ' ac son en eral Manager), Div. Surgeon T. DlvlslOn m 1894. In 1898 he was appointed (M.O.H ). and members of the County Sergeant and Secretary, in 1930 promoted to At a Boy Scout Jamboree held at Moun t Officer, and has been in charge of Edgcombe Park durirtg July, at which some 1,000 the DIVISion for the past 12 years. He was Scc;>uts were under canvas, members of th e awarded the Medal in 1909, and gained B ngade staffed fi rst aid posts l'n the camp confive Bars. H;IS were recognized by the unuously. Order by hiS adIDlsslon as Serving Brother T'

Among the public duties carried out Mr. Todd aVlst,?ck.-County Officer R. D. Sampson, attended Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee' by Corps Sergt.-Ma;or Skinner, m Inspected the Tavistock Division under Supt. 226 '

H. G. Stockbridge. The Ribbon of the Service Medal was presented to Supt. Stockbridge and Hon. Sergt. A. Mill; whilst that awarded to Cpl. F. Fellowes, who was killed in action, has been sent to his family.

Those present irtcluded Div. Surgeon Lieut.Col. A. H. O. Young, Mr. F. G. Grigsby (Chairman, S.J.A.A.), Mr. W. H. Gulley (Treasurer), Mr. W. Reeves (Secretary), and members of the Nursing Division, who served refreshments.

COUNTY OF DORSET

Wyke Regis.-The Nursirtg Division gave a demonstration at the Church Fete, being assisted by the Cadet Nursing Division and the newly formed Ambulance Division. Supt. Mrs Hole gave a running commentary.

COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER

On Sunday, July 21, the Chief Commissioner, Sir Clive Liddell, accompanied by Sir James Sleeman (Chief Commissioner, Brigade Overseas) and Staff Asst. Commissioner H. J. Wrigglesworth, carried out the annual inspection of the County of on the Athletic Ground, Cheltenham Some 600 Ambulance and Nursing personnel were on parade, and presented a smart appearance. After the inspe ction, Sir Clive complimented the members on their smartness, and congratulated them on the work they had carried out during the war period. He appealed to all members to continue with their work with the same co-operation and determination as wa s shown irt times of peace He claimed that the Brigade was one of the finest examples of an organization of national importance which carried out its work efficiently, economically, and entirely by voluntary effort. County Commissioner

Dr A. Barret Cardew thanked the Chief Commissioner, whilst County President Viscount Bledisloe also thanked Sir Clive, and paid tribute to the work of the Brigade.

Those present included County President (N.) Viscountess Bledisloe, Lady Sleeman, County Cadet President Lady Gwynne Evans, Sir Leslie and Lady Boyce, Mr. D. L. Lipson (Member for Cheltenham), and Mrs Lipson, Alderman T W. Waite (Deputy Mayor ), County Vice-President Mrs A. Mitchell, Asst. Commissioner H. J. Lewis, County Supt. Miss Fabers, and other members of the County Staff.

Durirtg the morning Sir Clive inspected Ambulance Headquarters, where the ambulances run joirttly by the Brigade and B.R.C.S. are garaged, and where both organizations work and train together. The County Office and a M.C.D. at Charlton Kings was also visited.

On the previous day, Sir Clive irtspected the County Ambulance and Nursing Cadets on the Gloucester Carriage and Wagon Co.'s Sports Ground, Gloucester, being entertained to tea by Sir Leslie Boyce (Div. President and Director of the Company) and Lady Boyce.

At both functions the Blockley Cadet Ambulance Band played for the march past, and played well.

COUNTY OF KENT

Dover.-To mark the 45th anniversary of the enrolment of Pte. W. A. Knott, a full uniform parade of the Dover Town Division was held, at which Supt. A. G. Curd read a resume of Mr. Knott's service with the Brigade. He joined on June 13, 1901, has never missed a reexamination, and only two annual irtspections. He had attended some 1,200 drills, had served under ten Divisional Surgeons and six Superirttendents, and was Divisional Secretary and Sergt. for 20 years. He is a Serving Brother of the Order, and holds the Service Medal with five bars. Pte. Knott after giving some reminiscences of some of his activities, especially in the early days, was invited to inspect and dismiss the

parade. Folkestone.-The service was held at A / Corps. Supt. W.

L. B. Easton were in charge of the members of the Folkestone Corps. Those present included the Mayor (Alderman W. Hollands), the Town Clerk (Mr. C. F. Nicholson), members of the Corporation and other officials, County Cadet Officer Miss L. Curzon Smith together with Officers-in-Charge of the various divisions. The service was conducted by the Rev. T. Howells, the Vicar (the Rev. L. C. Hickin) giving the sermon. Corps Officer Easton read the lessons. After the service the Mayor presented Service Bars to Corps Officer Easton and Pte. W. Burden for 35 years' service, certificates and Service Medal Ribbons to H / Sergt. F. Coughlan and Corpl. W. Clarke Saltwood.-Asst. County Supt. Miss H. May irtspected the Saltwood Nursing Division on July 13. Supt. Miss M Pamment was in charge of the parade, and following the inspection, demonstrations were given. Miss May congratulated the members, most of whom are new to the Brigade, on their enthusiasm and their appreciation of the high ideals of the Order of St. John. Miss May was accompanied by County Officer Mrs. K. May.

COUNTY OF NORFOLK

At the Norfolk County Show, members of the Brigade were on duty and dealt with 51 cases, including one fatality. Three persons were assi s ted to the stati o n owing to the distance. Thorpe.-Corps Supt. Mrs. Davidson organized a fete held in the grounds of Surrey House, Thorpe, by kind permission of Dr. and Mrs. A. Davidson. St. John Funds benefited by over £150 Among the large attendance were County Commissioner Sir Thomas Cook, County President Lady Cook, Major Darvll-Smith (Chief Officer Ambulance Cadets ), Lady Moyra Browne (Staff officer to Chief Officer Nursing Cadets), who presented a Grand Prior's Cadet Badge to Sergt Anne Ambrose, County Supt Dr. May Rutledge, and County Secretary Mrs. J. H. Yull North Walsham.-At the annual meeting of the North Walsham Division, Supt G. B. Fuller announced his resignation, owing to age limit, after 27 years' service. He joined the Brigade with the No.1 District in 1909, and was on duty at King George V Corporation. He went to North Walsh am in 1912, and served with the B.R.C.S. until 1924, when he formed the St. John Divis ion. A plea that such service should be honoured was made by Mr. F J. Bloom (Chairman, North Walsham U.D.C ). The annual inspection of tlle divisions was held on July 8, being carried out by the County Commissioner.

Attleborough.- The first post-war irtspection of all units in the locality was held on July II, when County Commissioner Sir Thomas Cook spoke of the post-war organization for the County, and paid tribute to the continued activities of the Attleborough Divisions Mr. W. Gaymer, who gave permission for the irtspection to be held in the recreation hall of the cyder factory, referred to his irtterest in St John. Those present included County Supt Dr. May Rutledge, County Cadet Officer Mrs. G. E. Portal, County Organizer Lieut.-Col. J. E. M Skinner, and other officers.

Aylsham.- The County Commissioner inspected the Aylsham Division on July 8 in the grounds of The Beeches, by kind invitation of Asst. Commissioner Dr. A. G. Holman. East Harling.-Sir Thomas Cook inspected the East Harling Division in the grounds of East Harling Hall, by kirtd permission of Col. Mornement.

NORTHERN IRELAND DISTRICT

The Northern Ireland District was gratified to receive recently a visit from Viscountess Dawson of Penn, County Supt Buckinghamshire During her visit she inspected Nursing and Nursing Cadet Divisions in Belfast, and took the salute at a march past of all Divisions on parade in annual parade and church connection With the Annual St. John Day Church St. John's Church, when Parade at Crumlin Road Methodist Church, Smith and Corps Officer Belfast. Previously Lady Dawson had inspected 227

Londonderry and Portstewart units during her visit to Londonderry.

Annual Competitions.-The annual competitions were held at Queen's College, Belfast, on June 29, with the following results :-

Belfast Challenge Cup (Senior, Men). I, Glenageary; 2, Imperial Tobacco; 3, East Belfast.

Lord Mayor's Cup (Novice, Men). I, Dublin Central; 2, Bangor; 3, Dublin H.Q. Whitaker Memorial Cup (Senior, Women). I, Hartcourt; 2, Howth and Sutton; 3, Bangor.

Nursing Whitaker Cup (Novice, Women) I, Dun Laoghaire; 2, Belfast Central; 3, Ballymena. District Surgeon's Cup (Boy Cadets). I, City of Dublin; 2, St. Patrick's; 3, Londonderry.

Girl Cadets' Cup (First Aid and Nursing). I, Portrush G.G.; 2, East Belfast; 3, Bangor.

Mrs. Lockhart's Cup (Girl Cadets and Guides, First Aid). I, Larne; 2, East Belfast; 3, Bangor. Lieut.-Col. Fraser's Cup (Individual). I, Pte. F. Mallon (Windsor, S. Belfast).

Mr. Brennan's Cup. I, A / S Storey (Clogher) ; 2, A / S Massey (Ballygowan).

The Strachan Cup (teams from industrial concerns). I, Fertilizer; 2, Harland and Wolff B; 3, Electricity Mains.

Viscount Craigavon's Cup (Royal Ulster Constabulary teams). I, Glenravel Street, D District; 2, Montpottinger E District; 3, Musgrave Street A District.

Pro;rress Cups. Bangor Ambulance Division; Newcastle Nursing Division.

Trophies and prizes were distributed by Lord Dunleath.

COUNTY OF OXFORD

Nursing Divisions in the County held a Victory Evening in the Headquarters of the Oxford Corps. Sketches were given by various divisions, and County Surgeon H. R. Wynne conducted a first aid and general knowledge quiz. County Commissioner Dr. C. Gardiner-Hill, County Supt. Mrs. O. Watney, and County Officers Mrs. Barrett, Miss Fanshawe, and Mrs. Thomson were present.

Oxford.-Members of the Oxford Corps, under Corps Supt. J. Rogers, were inspected by County Commissioner Dr. Gardiner-Hill on the IfIley Road Rugby Ground. Nearly 400 officers and members were on parade representing the various divisions. County Surgeon T. F. Briggs, County Officer F. Dearle, and H. Howard and County Cadet Officer Capt. Geidt were present in addition to Corps Surgeon Weddell, Div. Surgeons H. D. Darcus, H. A. Robertson, and W. A. Reynard.

Barton.-The Barton Division held a Flower Show and Fete in the Rectory Grounds on July 20, when Sir Geoffrey Peto performed the opening ceremony, and paid tribute to the work of Supt. R. H. Stickland, hon. organizer, whose energy had been of the highest. Members of the Barton Nursing Division ran the jumble and produce stall. Mr. Stickland has just received information that he is to receive the Vellum Vote of Thanks of the Order.

COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM

Ambulance League.-After competitions had taken place fortnightly over a period of five months, finals of the Ambulance League of the Corps have taken place with the r:esults: 1st, City Division; 2nd, Central DIVISIOn, followed by Robin Hood D!v!s!on, Bulwell Division B Team, and N.C.P.T. DIVISIon B team.

On July 14 A/Commissioner G. F. Hardy mspected some 200 Officers and men of the Nottingham Corps under Corps. Supt. F. Wilson Moulds. County Surgeon P. M. GettIeson accompanied the Inspecting Officer, who took the salute at the march past and presented the Ambulance League Challenge Cup to the winning team and the Notter Trophy for the most efficient member of the City Division to Pte. Dennis Murphy.

The Commissioner also inspecte<;! the five ambulances of the Transport Secuon, under Supt. G. Longstaff. Corps Offi<;er J. E. Potts was Adjutant, and those present mcluded Corps Surgeon J. Cohen, Area Cadet Officer F. Holton, together with other Corps Officers. The Parade was entertained to tea by Mr. and Mrs. D. R. D. As til 1.

COUNTY OF SUFFOLK

The first County Inspection ever held proved a great success and was a credit to the Brigade. Held at Lowestoft on July 7, some 800 members were inspected by the Chief Commissioner, Sir Clive Liddell, who was accompanied by Staff Asst. Commissioner H. J. on the Denes Oval. County ComffilssIOner the Earl of Cranbrook was in charge, being supported by his County Staff with County Officer W. C. Meyhew Parade Adjutant. County Officer W. C. Watts was in charge of the Ambulance, Supt. E. Catton the Nursing, Cadet Supt. Rust the Ambulance Cadets, and County Cadet Officer Miss M. Botwood the Nursing Cadet Divisions. Previous to the inspection a luncheon was held, at which the following were presented to the Inspecting Officer: County President Lady Blanche Cobbold, County Vice-President Lady Cranbrook, the Mayor and Mayoress of Lowestoft, Lord Stradbrook (Lord Lieutenant) and Countess Stradbrook, the Rev. Canon R. L. Whitehead, Div. Surgeon Maude (who arranged the function), County Supt. Miss Parker, County Officers Nethercoat, and County Nursing Officer Miss Miller, and others.

After the inspection Sir Clive presented Service and other awards; and congratulated the members on their smart appearance. He referred to the good work they had done during times of war, and called for that same co-operation in times of peace. The County Commissioner expressed thanks to the Chief Commissioner, whose visit was much appreciated. The County of Norfolk Brigade Band was in attendance, and during the evening gave a public performance. Tea was taken at the headquarters of the Lowestoft Division, and members of the local Division are to be congratulated on the arrangements made.

COUNTY OF SOMERSET

H.R.H. the Duchess of Kent (in the uniform of Lady Superintendent-in-Chief of the Brigade of Wales) visited Weston-super-Mare on June 26, when in four brief hours she saw the launching of the lifeboat, opened the new Borough Maternity Hospital, and carried out an inspection of the Brigade. Her visit came as the high spot of a whole Carnival Week in aid of St. John Building and Extension Fund. Arriving from the sea in a R.A.F. Air-Sea Rescue Launch, Her Royal Highness, after her other official duties, proceeded to Grove Park, where she was received by County Commissioner Dr. Hugh Powell, who presented Asst. Commissioner A. Wevell, County Vice-President Mrs. Robert Vernon, County Officers Mrs. Vivian-Neal, Miss St. Lo Wilkinson, S. J. Bailey, and W . J. Tottle, County Nursing Officer Mrs. Jordan, Corps Transport Officer C. T. Howe. The Duchess stopped and chatted with many members, and shook hands with a number having long service in the Brigade. Addressing the parade, Her Royal Highness said that she was very glad to have the opportunity of inspecting the Somerset St. John Ambulance Brigade. The work of all ranks of St. John during the war had been beyond praise. In war or peace St. John members are called upon to serve tile nation at all times, and though many had earned a rest and can, she hoped, take a holiday, the ranks must never lessen.

The County Commissioner expressed thanks for the honour the Duchess had paid the county, and for her encouraging message. Previous to the inspection an official luncheon was held at which many persons were presented to Her Royal Highness. These included Lady 228

Wluzt

a bl-ide .vall told abo'Lt Ite,· l,usblU.d

"IF HE is a little irritable in the mornings," his mother had said, "don't any notice. It's just that often after a ha;d his digestion is too tired to cope with s upper. As you .kno,:, one s dIgestIon to be restino- at nio-ht not workino-. I should gIve him a cup of Benger s at supper or thin'" Benlrer's hcl;s you to digest your food, soothes you and sends you to bed all the nourishment of a meal. Yo"? .sleep well wake up [rc3h alld fit try it Benger s has a delICIOUS flavour.

n rluIBpnflP'··S Food is good lor IjO,,,

People don't realise that milk is tough work for the digestion last thing at night. Active enzymes in Benger's Food break up these curds, partially pre-{jigest the milk that. you the full nutriment of the milk without digestive stram s, today, is as easy to make as a cup of cocoa. At chemiSts and grocers, from 1/9 a tin.

Br: GER'S LTD., HOLMES CHAPEL, CHESHIRE

Milk and Tinned

Evaporated Milk both make delicious Benger's. Try it 1

Origin of a 'household name'

v\ RieHl'S UQUOR (fIRBOINIS DETERGENS

The antiseptic and antipruri tic constituents in Coal were isolated for first time when W right's introduced their active extract Liquor Carbonis Detcrgens over 80 years ago. This distin c tive preparation has secured a prominent place as a meciicament in treatment of skin disea;;es . It is specified repeatedly by dermatologists and is today, through constant and application of modern methods of rr:anufacture, better than ever before, both in appearance and antiseptic value. Wright's Coal Tar Soap, soothing to the tenderest skin, derives its healt hprotecting powers from this preparation.

:\\ tOA1'4

Dunbar Nasmith (Deputy Supt.-in-Chief, N.D.), County Commissioner Dr. Hugh Powell, County Surgeon W. Bain, County Supt. Dr. Gladys Danby, County Officer Mrs. D. Bingham-Hall, Corps Surgeon P. S. Martin, Corps Supt. H. J. Allen, and President Mrs. E. Miller-Barstow.

Building and Extension Fund.-A Carnival Week was held from June 22 to 29, during which numerous functions were held, commencing with a fete in Grove Park, which was opened by the Countess of Cromer. The object was to raise a £10,000 Fund for the erection of new headquarters on premises purchased adjoining the present headquarters. The Mayor (Alderman W. B. Craig) 1Il a foreword in the souvenir programme, invited donations to be sent to him, and stated: "The Brigade has served Westonsuper-Mare since 1906. It has developed with the town, and is now ready and willing to take its place in the post-war reconstruction scheme with a service and a building that will be in keeping with the high standard shown in plans for the future of the Borough."

COUNTY OF WARWICK

Stratford-on-Avon.-On July 6 Sir Bertram Ford (County Commissioner, Birmingham) officially opened the newly acquired Headquarters of the Stratford-on-Avon Divisions. Headed by the Rugby Cadet Band some 200 men, women, and cadets, under County Commissioner Major E. S. Phillips, marched through the town to Headquarters where Sir Bertram took the salute. After the opening, Sir Bertram presented the riband of Serving Brother to Supt. W. Cookings After inspecting the building, a party of 80, including County Supt. Miss C. M. Orton, County President Mrs. Fitzroy Newdegate, the Mayor and Mayoress (Councillor and Mrs. H. V. White), Councillor E P. Ray (Chairman, local Ambulance Association), Mr. W. H. Bond (Association Secretary), Divisional Presidents and VicePresidents, and Corps Officers were the guests of the Association at tea in the Town Hall. For a fortnight before the function, members of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions devoted the whole of their spare time in decorating the newly acquired building

COUNTY OF WORCESTER

Dudley and District Corps.-The annual Church Parade was held at the Parish Church, where the Vicar, the Rev. John Waring, conducted the service and gave an inspiring address. Corps Supt. J. A. Harris and Cadet Supt. R. R. Hines read the lessons. Those present included Asst. Commissioner T. C. Lench, County Officer Winbow, County Press Officer Watkins, Corps Officers Mills, Ollis, and Ellis, with Corps Supt. Harris in charge. The latter welcomed the County Staff and asked Asst. Commissioner Lench to present the following Service awards: 3rd Bar, Corps Secretary Mills and Amb. Officer Cooper; 2nd Bar, Amb. Officer Lander, Sergt. Moss, and Pte. Waterfield; 1st Bar, Supt. Pardoe, Amb. Officer Roden, and Pte. Robinson; Service Jay, Ptes. Berry, Roberts, Perkins, Lye.-Corps Officers Miss Wakefield and Mrs. Northwood inspected members of the Lye Central Nursing Division. Supts. Miss Jackson and Miss Tibbetts, Amb. Officer Miss Tovey, and a .good of members were on parade. Both lIlSpeCtlIlg officers expressed their satisfaction with the drill and work of the Division. On July 13 members and friends of the Division visited the Houses of Parliament, where Mr. Moyle (Member of Stourbridge) conducted them round the House.

EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE

(Chaplain of the Infirmary). County President Lady Atkinson referred to the work carried out by Miss Abbott over a number of years. The organ was the gift of the officers and members of the Hull Humber Nursing Division and a few friends. Those present included County Officer Miss D. Colliver, Cor ps Supt., Miss E. Stonehouse, Div President, Miss D. Robinson, Div. Surgeon, Mrs. Stewart, Vice-presidents Mrs. Sedgwick and Mrs. Thompson. Miss P. W Watson (Matron), Sir Arthur Atkinson, Corps Officers and Sister Briggs, who played the organ after the dedication.

WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE

Huddersfield.-Two members of the Huddersfield Central Nursing Division, Miss Muriel Meadows and Mr H Taylor, gained successes in the Nursing Competition held at Skipton The former gained first place and was awarded the J. Mallinson Cup, and the latter tied for 4th place. Twenty-four competitors took part.

In the Co - operative Field Day, held on July 5 Miss Meadows gained the first prize and the Lady Hoyle Rose Bowl, whilst Miss E Armitage and Mrs. Taylor gained second and third place. Seventeen competitors took part.

The Huddersfield Central Nursing Division are very proud of these succ es ses.

Markham Main.-At the annual competitions at Denaby, the Markham Main No. I team were succes sful for the second time, winning the Nunns Welfare Cup. The No 2 team, composed of first y ear men, won the Denaby and Cadeby Ambulance Shield. Corps Officer A. Seaton was the instructor for both teams.

Mirfield.-To celebrate the coming-of-age of the Mirfield Nursing Division, over 200 members of the S. W. Area took part in an impressive church parade and march past. Those present included Asst Commissioner H. Harrison, who took the salute at the march past, President F. J. Broadbent, Supt. H. Roberts, in charge of the parade, Supt. Miss G M. G. Oldroyd, in charge of the Mirfield Nursing Division, County Councillor H. W. Wills,Councillors W.Benn andC. W. Thornton, Mr J. E. Cowdell (Clerk, Mirfield U.D.C.), and Corps Officers of the Brigade. The Rev. J. T. Hodgson, minister of Trinity Methodist Church, gave an address.

To complete the celebrations, a dirmer and was held at which ISO members, cadets, and were present. Following the loyal toast, LIeut -Col. G. M. Sharp, M.P., proposed the Brigade. The Army, he said, had to draw on the resources of the Brigade to teach soldiers first aid.

He was pleased to know that there were present two members (Supt. G. Marshall and Corps Officer W. H. Terry) who had served in the South African War. District Supt. Mrs. Birkbeck responded, referred to .the early days of the Order. She WIshed to publicly thank Supt. Miss Oldroyd for all she had done.

Corps Supt. Mrs. Speight, who was deputizing Corps Mitchell, proposed the Mirfield NurslIlg DIVISIon. She also paid tribute to Miss Oldroyd, who in reply spoke of the great help given by President Broadbent and Corps Officer. Terry, Th;e latter had suggested the formauon of a NurslIlg Division. In addition to herself there were present three other founder Supt. Mrs. L. A. Fenwick, Amb. MlSs V. Taylor, and Miss A. R. L. MISS Oldroyd gave particulars of the aCtlvlUes of Division in the competition world.

Other toasts lIlcluded "Our President" "Our Thos e present included Comrru.sslOner Harrison, representatives of the Mlrfi<;ld and general population, and other orgamzatlOns.

MORE COPIES

Hull.-On July 13 a service was held in the Chapel of HUllJ:oyal Infirmary, at which the It is now possible t,o. s.upply extra copies of memory 0 upt. ISS Mabel Abbott was per- .The Gazette, and DIVISIonal Secretaries can petuated by the presentation of an organ for use Increase theIr monthly orders. Instructions in the Chapel. The dedication ceremony was should be sent to the Publishers, 46-47 Chancery performed by the Rev .I\.Canon F. Boreham Lane. London, 230

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GIFT TO THE OR D ER

Mr. E. Keith-Roach, C.B.E., Knight of Grace of the Order, District Commiss ioner of J erusalem, 19Z6-1 943, has presented to the Order a piece of pavingstone from Bethleh em, t oge th er with an inscriptio n wh i ch reads:

(( U P ON this paving sto n e co u ntless thousands of Pilgrims have knelt and offered their h u mble prayers t o GOD at Bethlehem, for it formed par t of the paving in the p lace of the Manger in the Grotto of the Basilica of the Nativity.

(( The old paving stone was worn away by the knees of pilgrims and the remains were taken up when the paving was renewed by the Palestine Government in 193I; and I rescued the on ly piece of any size. All the rest of the pieces were thrown a"vay in the fields after I had selected this portion. The stone is surro u nded by a frame of olive wood grown in the Holy Land and made u p in the Holy City of Jerusalem.

Presented to the Venerable Order of Saint J ohn of Jerusalem in memory of my wife, Violet Oliva Keith-Roach, and my son Lieutenant Martin Keith-Roach, D.S .C. , Royal Navy, an Officer of the Ord er, First Lieutenant, Triad , Killed in Action, 1940.

E. Keith-Roach, Knight of Grace.

District Commissioner of Jerusalem, 1926 - 194j·"

The marble is actually worn in parts and the indentation can be felt by passing t he hand ov er the stone.

Accompanying the gift was a fragment of the Church of the Holy S epulchre at J erusalem .

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION

South MoIt o n.- A reunion dinner was organized by the South Mo lton Branch of the Association to welcome back some 20 members of the Brigade who had served in H.M. Forces. The Mayor of South Molton, Dr. R. A. Nash, presided, and proposed the toast to t h e men and women who had served i n the Fo r ces. Amb Officer Truman replied 11r. Woodhouse, in proposing the toast of the Association, said that the ir Branch had been going strong for nearly 2 0 years, having started in 1928 , by the late Dr. Seal. Since that date the ambulance which was the property of the Association, had been i n constan t u se Mr s Seal, in repl y, said that the goo d wo r k of the Association depended a great deal upon the townspeople's co-operatio n. She congratulated those who had carried on eluring the war years.

In proposing the Brigade , Co u nty Surgeon J C. Dixey said that doctors wer e more closel y acquainted with the work ,th a n a nyo n e , and they had always been lmpressed by t h eir ready response to a :p h o n e call. Su p t. Mrs. Neale, in rep l y, sa Id s h e h o p e d t hat at the n ext meet i ng not o nly would ol d members be we l comed b u t a lso many new ones enrolled '

FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPARTMENT

Formed in May, 1940, as a Department of the J oint War Organization, t h e Foreign Re l ations Department has been officiall y re c ognized by the Govern m e n t as the Nati ona l T racing Bureau fo r the United Kingdom; and this decision may well be considered as the last and perhaps t h e most important phase of the D epar tment's work. During the war, when one country after another became occ u pied by the Axis powers, the work of the D epar tment increased and many h und r eds of thousands of messages were exchanged annually: those in this co un t r y and. t h elr r elatIves and friends in e n e m y terntory . T hey we r e transmitted t hr o u gh t he I ntern ational Red Cross at Gen eva wh ich a s the intermediary body, t h e r espectIve National Re d Cr osses o f t he c o unt ri es i n whi ch t h e addressees were s u pposed to be d omiciled. Since peac e has come, t h e r e h as b ee n n o up in t he work of the D ep ar tm ent o r o f lts o verseas personnel. T h e r eunitin cr o f disp ers e d fami l ies thro u gh the inq uir y an d m essage servi ces, the welfare o f th e B ri tish- b o rn nat i ona ls, t h e distrib uti o n of food parcels, the del ivery o f ur gent many oth er categories of work

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GENERAL INTEREST

Ohituary.-The Priory for Wales suffered a great loss in the sudden death of the Sub-Prior, the Lord Cope of St. Mellons, K.C., J.P., D.L., M.A., on July 15. His many and varied public services notwithstanding, the work of the Order of St. John had become one of his closest interests. He invariably presided over the monthly meetings of the Council, where his essential kindness, the wisdom he always brought to bear upon its deliberations, and his genial presenc e will be greatly missed. The esteem and affection in which he was held were reflected in the representative gathering at the funeral at St. Mellons Church, where the Priory was represented by the Hon. J. H. Bruce (Principal Secretary

and Commissioner for Wales, also representing the Prior, the Earl of Powis), members of the Chapter and of the Brigade and Priory Headquarter Staff. The feelings of those privileged to work under his able l eadership are summed up in the inscription on the floral tribute in the design of the eight-pointed cross:

" In proud and grateful memory of the Lord Cope of St. Mellons, E.C., J.P., D.L., M.A., Sub-Prior of the Priory for Wales, Knight of Grace of the Order of St. J ohn."

Chief large number of Brigade Members had the honour of being inspected by the Chief Commissioner of the Brigade at Home, General Sir Clive Liddell, K.C.B., C.M.G., C.B.E., D.S.O., who, accompanied by

From left: Sir Leonard Twiston Davies (Assistant Commissioner for Wales), Lady Twiston Davies (Lady County Superintendent and Chief Officer Nursing Cadets, Wales), The Viscount Tredegar (President Monmouthshire Centre), Major H. Ware (Commissioner Borough of Newport), The Chief Commissioner, The Hon. Mrs. J. H. Bruce (Assistant Lady Superintendent for Wales), Lady Liddell, The Hon. J. H. Bruce (Principal Secretary and Commissioner for Wales), and Dr. D. Rocyn Jones (Director of Ambulance).

234

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GENERAL SIR CLIVE LIDDELL (CHIEF COMMISSIONER) IN WALES. Group taken at Tredegar Park, Newport, where he Inspected Units in Monmouthshire.

Lady Liddell, paid his first official visit to Wales.

On Saturday, July 13, a parade of over 3,000 Officers and Members of the Brigade in l\lonmouthshire and Newport were inspected in the grounds of Tredegar House, where the Inspecting Officer was accompanied by the Viscount Tredegar (President of Monmouthshire Centre), the Hon. J. H. and 1\1rs. Bruce (Principal Secretary and Commissioner for \\'ales and Assistant Lady Superintendent for Wales respectively), Sir Leonard and Lady Twiston Davies (Assistant Commissioner for vVales and Chief Officer Tursing Cadets respectively). The Commissioner for Newport, Major H. Ware, in association with the Commissioner for Monmouthshire, Dr. Gwyn Rocyn Jones, were responsible for the arrangements.

At Cardiff on the following day the Chief Commissioner inspected Units of the Cardiff County and Barry County Area, the arrangements being under the command of Capt. C. G. Traherne, Commissioner for Cardiff, the Barry contingent being in charge of Assistant Commissioner Henry Gethin Lewis, recently appointed in succession to Dr. M. V. Roberts, resigned. At the March Past the Chief Commissioner took the Salute in front of the City Hall, accompanied by the Hon. John and 1\1rs. Bruce, the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress (Alderman and 1\1rs. W. R. Wills), Alderman G. Fred Evans (Chairman, Cardiff Centre), Mr. Bernard E. Brown (Hon. Sec., Cardiff Centre), and others. Following the Parade the Lord Mayor entertained the Inspecting Officer and other guests to tea at the City Hall. In writing subsequently to the Commissioner for vVales the Chief Commissioner stated: "I thought that both Inspections were very well organized and I was favourably impressed by all I saw of the St. John Brigade in Wales."

The visit of Sir Clive Liddell was marked by a Ball organized by kind permission of the Viscount Tredegar at Tredegar Park on Friday, July 12, in aid of the funds of the Priory. The guests numberec1200, and the event was described as one of the most successful post-war social functions. The organizing Committee under the Chairmanship of the late Lorp. Cope consisted of the Hon. John Bruce, Major H. Ware, Mr. Norman Ingledew, and Mr. B. E. Brown, the amount realized being £272 145. 2d.

CENTRE REPORTS

Division, in charge of Lady Cadet Supt. (Mrs.) Grey and Cadet Officer (Miss) Rudway, who spent a week in Porthcawl recently. On their arrival they were met by the Superintendent, Mr. W. L Cottrell, and a number of the cadets of the Porthcawi Division who helped with the baggage, etc., and carried it to the Guide Hall where the Nursing Division was quartered. Arrangements were made for a number of the lads to show the visitors some of the beauty spots of Porthcawl, and every day they visited the Guide Hall and assisted in every way possible, each Cadet inviting a visitor home for tea. On the Thursday, at the suggestion of Lady Cadet Superintendent (Mrs.) Grey, a joint social evening was held at which First Aid Certificates were presented to the Porthcawl Cadets during the course of the evening by Mr. G. Glenton, Chairman of the Porthcawl Council, who was supported by the Clerk of the Council, Mr. Gwyn Jenkins. His general remarks were most encouraging not only to the lads but to the Officers. The Cadet Superintendent thanked Mr. Glenton on behalf of himself and the Cadets for his kindness in presenting the Certificates, these remarks being endorsed by the Divisional Superintendent. Mr. G. Churchill. On the Saturday both Divisions had a picnic at Rest Bay, and Sunday morning saw the departure of the visitors.

The Officers and Cadets of the Stratton Cadet Nursing Division expressed grateful thanks for the assistance they had received from the Porthcawl Cadet Division, and it is hoped they have gone back to England fully convinced that " Welsh Hospitality" is no empty phrase.

Monm.outhshire Centre.-Trethomas Ambulance and Cadet Divisions won three of the four awards in the final of the Ruperra Corps Competition at Bedwas. The men's team, captained by Cadet Superintendent John A. Parry (a member of the Bedwas Colliery Team which won the Martin Shield at Blaina in July last) won the Millicent Vera Cup for the second time. Pte. John Tyler was the winner of the men's individual cup, and the Cadet Team won the cup given by Bedwas Navigation Colliery Co. (1921), Ltd. The prizes were presented by Lady Divisional Superintendent M. Lewis, of Bedwas Nursing Division.

The Finals of the Nursing and Nursing Cadet Competitions on the previous Thursday were: Rhiwderin, 421t; Bedwas A, 418t; Machen, 398t; and Bedwas B, 27St. Nursing Cadets: Bedwas, 395; Trethomas, 392; Machen, 389t ; and St. Mellons, 322t.

Aberdare Centre.-In his report to the Annual Meeting of the Centre Committee Dr. G. L. Pierce summarized the activities following his appointment as Commissioner in May, 1945. Ambulance Competitions, which had lapsed during the war, were resumed; and a special feature of the summary was the series of eight popular lectures organized at Mountain Ash and Aberarnan which were well attended by Brigade Members and the general public. The Medical Comforts Depots were maintained at high level, nearly 2,000 articles being lent out during twelve months. The Ambulance members attended 7,079 cases requiring first aid treatment.

The annual inspection took place on June 15 in the grounds of Mountain Ash County School where 500 appeared on parade despite most inclement weather. The Inspection was conducted by the Commissioner for Wales (Hon. J. H. Bruce), with whom were the Hon. Mrs. J. H. Bruce (Assistant Lady Superintendent for Wales), Mr. Rhys Morgan, High Constable of Miskin Manor, and others. Dr. J. M. Wilson, former Commissioner, was among those present at the social meeting following, at which service medals were presented to ex-Assistant Commissioner Mr. Gomer Davies, County Surgeon H. B. Pierce, and Dr. G. L. Pierce. Other Officers present included Mr. Gwilym F. F. Williams, Centre Treasurer, Corps Surgeon Scales, Assistant Centre.-The Port?cawl Cadet Emrys James, County Officers

DIVISIon had the pleasure of welcommg a detach- D. R. Williams and R. C. Morgan, and Councillor ment of the Stratton St. Margaret Cadet Nursing Steven Griffiths, J.P. 236

18th E.ditlon. Fully Revised. 232nd thousand 313 illustrations-some coloured. 3/6 net. Postage 4d. WARWICK & TUNSTALL'S "FIRST

AID"

TO THE INJURED & SICK

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RHINO-ANTIPEOL

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I OPHTHALMO-ANTIPEOL

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INTERESTING

CA SE REpORT No. 304.-The Officerin-Ch arge of the Cou nty of Berkshire

S .J.A .B. reports the efficient performaJ?-ce of fir st aid by a member of the Readmg So u t h ern Railway Class in the following circ u mstances :-

In the l ate afternoon of J u ne 6, the son of Mr. G. W. Powell ran to his father a n d to ld h im that a young lady had fallen fr om her cycle and was being helped to her home a few yards away Mr. Powell immediately ran to the girl's home and offered assistance . On examination of the patient he found deformity and swelling of the right forearm. He diagnosed a fracture; and with the aid of some wood fou n d in the garden, he promptly splinted and bandaged the injured limb. The pati ent was conveyed to the Royal Berkshire Hospital by car. On arrival, the doctor, during his examination of the patient, commented on the excellent way in which the injured limb had been treated and decided to leave the splints in position until after the X-ray had been taken an d developed. It was later found t h at the a r m had been fractured in two p laces.

COMMENT.-This report tells of good work welt done and wins for Mr G. W. P owell cordial congratulations on his skill in preventing aggravation of the injury.N C.F.

CASE REpORT No. 305.-The Officerin-Charge of the County of Guernsey S.J.A.B reports the efficient perfo r mance of first aid by members of the Guernsey Ambulance Division in the following d ifficult circumstances :_

Soon after lunch on J uly 12 , Gordon Blatchfor d (age 17) and his friend J ohn L e Breton decided to go cliffing at J er bo urg and went to a point below Seaplane Bungalow . Blatchford reached the bottom of the cliff (some 250 feet in height) when, noting that Le Breton was in diffic u lties, he tried to get back to his aid. He h a d climbed thirty feet when, p u tting his foot on what seemed a sec u re ston e,

CASE REPORTS

he slipped and fell on the rocks below. Meanwhile after a tremendous effort , Le Breton had regained the to p o f t h e cliff and was a ble to telephone the Po lice who in their turn called out member s of the Brigade, with the result that port Sergeant C. Froom and Priv a te A. Harris were quickly on the spot Sergeant Froom promptly located Blatchford (who was able to talk) a nd wisely decided not to risk. a further fall until other help was avadable. So h e telephoned his headquarters where Corps Officer H. Blanchford arranged sea transport with the Harbour Master and dispatched Transport Corporal. C. de Cheminant in the motor ves el whIch was sent to the scene of the emergency.

Meanwhile, Sergeant Froom and Police Constable D. De Carteret had gone to a point on the water's edge, some 250 yards from the patient. There, they took off their clothes and swam the distance to Blatchford, whom they found in a state of collapse consequent on concussion of brain, fracture of right arm, suspec t ed fracture of right leg, a large gash on f orehead, and an extensive wound of inner side of right arm. ext, Pte. Harris, who was in charge on the cliff face, lowered first aid material and equipment, including a stretcher. The patient was then treated for his injuries, strapped on the stretcher and, with all available hands lending aid, carried over the beach to (and loaded on) the small boat of the motor vessel which towed it back to St. Peter Port. T here, after land and sea operations w h ich lasted three hours, a waiting am bulan ce quickly conveyed the patient to hospita l. COMMENT.-This report tells the familiar story of good team work done by members of the Brigade in association with members of the Police Force. To each and all, th erefore, cordial congratulations are tende r ed on the success which attended their efforts to rescue a gravely injured patient and t o arrange suitable transport under difficult and dangerous con dit-ions.-N. C F.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Treatment of Epilepsy Epilepsy is a brainstorm which i s d ue

P. T (Yor k).-Please tell me if first to the sudden failure and loss of control a iders can prevent the onset of convulsant of the highest brain centres. T he outstanding movement s as part of the ir treatme nt of symptom is sudden and complete lo ss of a patien t who is passing through an con sciousness. This may (or m ay no t) be Ep ilep ti c fit. f ollowed rapidly by convulsan t m ove ments, N o. Th e convuls ant movements mu st run i n t erference with whic h is inadvisable th eir course ,' an d neither doct or n or first because i t often creates an 'u n con scious aider can prevent their onset or contr ol them. l'esistan ce by the patient.-N. C F. 238

HOBSON & SONS (LONDON), Ltd . FOUNDED 1850

Specialists in Uniforms for St John Ambulance Brigade JACKETS, TROUSERS, GREATCOATS, CAPS, GLOVES, HAVERSACKS.

PRICE LIST AND PATTERNS ON REQUEST •

All enqu ir ies t o : 154 - 164 TOOLEY STREET LONDON BRIDGE, S.E.1

Telephone: TeJeeroms : Hop 2476 (4 lines) Hobson. Boroh, London 1------------;2'39

S.J.A.B. Uniform

Will be made by a tailor-service which gives style and durability combined with strict con for mit y with SJ.A.B regulation If you order

U n If 0 r m. to selfmeasures from N.O.A. Write for details to

Treatmen t of Compo u nd Frac tur es

N. B. (Ed in burgh).-Under the General Rules for T reatment of Fractures on p. 66 of the Textbook, Rule 4 tells us not to attempt extension in the case of a compound fracture when the bone p:-otrudes. Does this mean that extenSIOn may be made when bone d?es protrude? Your kind ruling on this pomt is awaited with interest.

The application of extension to a?'ty fracttl1'e is not the ?imple ope11 atwn 'many first aiders beheve 1,t to be when 1eadmg the Textbook. Personally, I am strongly of the opinion that first aide1 s should not attempt to apply extension in actual circumstances, though I 1'ealize that the Textbook tells them so to do: (1) with great care; (2) without using force; and (3) without letting go until the limb is c?nt1'olled by splints-except when fractw'e 1,s compound and the bone protrudes.-N. C. F.

Paralysis of Limb s in Apople xy

1\1. C. (Cardiff).-Among the signs and symptoms of Apoplexy, the Textbook (p, 166) tells us that one side of body is more limp than the other. WIll you please tell. me a. first ca.n diagnose this condItIon If the patIent ?S unconscious; and accept my thanks m advance.

If the patient is unconscious, it would, in my opinion, be extremely difficult for a first aider to detect the difference in limpness between the two sides of the body. Indeed, recognition of this sign when the patient is unconscious can only be acquired by long experience ,. and doctors, when applying this test, raise the limb a few inches and then let it fall on the bed 011 couch, while they watch closely how it falls.-N. C. F.

Humour i n First Aid

E. M. (Highgate).-The doctor was giving a lecture on anatomy and held out a femur before the class. One of the students asked if it was a real bone; and the doctor r eplied somewhat ironically" Yes! What do you think it is? Chocolat e ? " T o his surprise the student immediately rapped out the answer: " No! Had it been chocolate, it would not still be in the box of bones ! "

Good! Next please I!-N. C. F.

hot c ompresses to the front of the neck from chin to top of breast bone. As we do not see how this can affect th.e throat condition we shall be gratefu l If you will exp l a i n the way in which the h ot compress acts.

Heat, especially when combined w.ith 'moisture, soothes pain. Further, by an increased flow of blood to the surface,. 1,t diminishes the congestion and i11flam111a.tw!z of the throat. The compress (or, as tt 1,S m01'e often called, fomentation) must be well rung out of boiling water and used as dryas possible, because dry heat scald. FU1 ,the1' , it must be protected wzth oiled silk or some such protective materi.al to retain the heat and moisture, covered wzth a thick layer of cotton wool and kept in position with a bandage which, in this instance, be lightly applied to control th.e dresstng without making the breatlnng more difficult.-N. C. F.

MESSAGE FROM T HE SURG EON-IN-CHIEF

The Surgeon-in-Chief has asked that Surgeons of the Brigade be informed that the Surgeons' Conference he had proposed to hold at the end of September will not now take place owing to the difficulties of catering and accommodatIOn.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS

The Superintendent-in-Chiefs Office of Nursing Corps and Divisions of the Brigade At-Home, is now at 8 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W. 1. Thus, the Headquarters of the Brigade At-Home is now to be found under one roof from where all Departments will operate.

NO TI CE T O READERS

THE ST. JO H N GAZETTE is published on the 15th of e ach month Th e Annual Subscription is 4S po s t free; single copies 3 d ., by post 4d.

REPORTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS should be addressed to The Editor, St John s Gate, London, E.C I , and should reach him not Swelling of Tissu e s of Throat later than the 28th of the month.

M. T (Strou d).-As part of the treat- SUBSCRIPTIONS and ADVERTISEMENTS ment f or Swelli ng of Tissues of Thr oat should be forwarded to British Periodicals, the Textbook, on p. 158, tell s u s to apply Ltd., 46/47, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.%.

24 0

,-r" T reatment is easy, thou ght is hard, bu t tre a tment after tho'ught is proper and profitable" was one of t h e precepts of Hippocr ates, t h e Greek " F ath er 01 Medicine" who lived about 400 B.C

'1 'Cogene' is a treatment' for t.he IPIlef of headache,;, rheumatism and all other nerve paini-). It is an easy treatment - one tablet taken ill a Ii t tIe water- but it can claim to be a "proper and profitable" one, since it. is the re'mlt of experiment and research .

fI

'Cogene' is a direct of the Ji,;covery that a small quantity of a powerful will work of a larg 8 dose pl'O\ lded that It IS backed the right combinat ion of other drugs III the riaht. proport ions. In 'Cogene' four have boon (1 produce an analgo::Hc whlCh wlll n>,ach

the most harassing nerve pain and ye t leave no harmful after-effects.

But never forget that while 'Cogene' will relieve the pain. onl.v your doctor .01' dentist can remO\'e the cause of the paIn . ,upplies are limited, but your chcmi"t "vill see you get your share. Pnce 1 ' 1tel. a tube Regd. Trade Mark Brand Tablet..

A 'GEXATOSAN' Product

ENEMAS

Demand continues for the" Perfex" and" Satinetta." Recommended?y Doctorsand Nurses

BREAST RELIEVERS

Ingram ' s" Omega " remains consistently popular. A sturdy job, designed in collaboration with Medical authorities.

AIR CUSHIONS

practi ce f av<!urs an undisturbed dressing and f or th1S ,Purpose 'Elastoplast' is us 7d ex tens1vel y in hospitals It s t ays !n pl ace, tecting the while perm1ttm g uninterrupted heahng. , Elastoplast' Bandages and Plaste r s can be used with confidence f or all minor injuries

BANDAGES AND PLASTERS

The "Atalanta" is strongly built to stand up to years of hard wear. Specially made seams-no leakage possible.

UNUSUAL ACCIDENTS

The following reports, taken from the Industrial A ccident Prevention Bulletin are published because they bring out unusual features which first aiders might come across and be called upon to treat.

MISUSE OF OXYGEN.-Two recently reported accidents show that the dangers of using oxygen instead of compressed air are still not universally realized.

The first accident happened when two men, who were cleaning a petrol pump, used oxygen to blow through some pipes. An explosion occurred but the men escaped with only minor burns.

The second accident had more serious consequences. Oxygen was used to apply pressure to a petrol tank which was being tested for leaks. The hazard was incre.ased by.using oxygen from portable :-veldmg eqUlpment and introducing it mto the tank by means of the burner which was connected to both the oxygen and the acetylene bottles. The report suggests that a leaky valve may have allowed acetylene as well as oxygen to enter the tan.k and so helped to cause the explosion whIch followed As a result of this accident one man had to have his leg amputated above the knee.

In neither case was there any suggestion that the oxygen was used by mistake.

BAND

GUIDE hints on the BUllle. Drum and Flute. a/soParadeFormat!ons. use of Parade Cane. staff. etc.. 6d. post paid.

DRUM

HEADS

(Broken.) P 0 s t flesh hoop. Ready lapped head returned same day • s received.

Henry POTTER & Co.

36/38 West St., Charing Cross Rd. LONDON, W.C.2.

Flag Day Emblems, Buffons and Badges

Price Lists on application

For all supplies write:

The Universal BuHon (0., Ltd.

Surat St., Bethnal Green, E.2.

PAotu: Advance 2264 Tel.: Unibfllco,Edo,I.ondon 242

The men concerned knew what they were using but did not appreciate Lhe danger.

Boy's JACKET CAUGHT BY DRILL.-H has frequently been pointed out that although the wearing of caps provides a second line of defence against certain types of accident, it does not provide a substitute for a guard, and that a machine :-vhich is dangerous to a girl without a cap IS pr.obably danger o us to a girl who is weanng a cap and to other workers as well. Proof of this was provided by a recent accident.

boy was using a drilling machine WhICh had a 2i in. spindle, 9 in. of which was exposed. The lapel of his jacket was caught by the spindle, the jacket became bu.nched up, and the b oy narr owly escaped bemg strangled. Had the girl 's hair been caught in this way, it would probably have been said that it was her own fault for not wearing a cap, but it co uld hardly be said that the boy was to blame for having a lapel on his jacket.

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

Advertisements with remittance should be sent to the St. John Gazette, 46-47 Chancery Lane London, W.C.2 (to which address replies to should be/orwarded). Rate 3d. per word, mInimum 41. 6d. Box numbers IS. extra. Trade advertisements 4d. per word, mim'mum 6s.

S ADDLEWORTH DIVISION.-The 4th open Ambulance Competition. To be held ill the Mechanics Inst., Uppermill, on Satur4ay, September 21, 1946, at 2 p.m.-See Supermt.endent W. H. WOOD, 12 Court Street, Uppermill, Oldham.

T HE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE OLDHAM CORPS BAGPIPE BAND.,?pen for et.tgagements, Church Parades, InspectlOns, Carruvals, Garden Parties, Social Events• etc.-Apply: AMB. OFFICBR ASHWORTH 14 Wales Street, Oldham, Lanes. '

FOR SALE.-Complete Average-size St. John Ambulance Sister's uniform, £3 10s.Al?ply: MRS. G R. SAYER, 73 Arundel Road Kmgston. Surrey.

FOR SALE.-Ambulance Sister's uniform (S.W.), as new. Coat, Hat, Storm Cap. Dress, Apron, 3 Collars, 2 Belts, 2 prs. Cuffs, 1 Cap, 1 pro Gloves, £7 lOS. No coupons.S.J. 43, c/o PUBLISHERS.

RAISE FUNDS QUICKLY AND EASILY b selling Perfumed Cards and Sachets W' th own wording. Samples free to AIREDALE PRESS, P.O. Box 60

RAZOR BLADES FOR FUND RAISING_ Etched (printed) your own brand" S JAB Best British. Fita all 3-peg We are equlppe!1 to supply .very small quantities. Sample, pnce, and paruculars free.-RoBRRTS BROS. & Co., 143 Town Street, Beeston, Leeds, II.

A GREAT MONEY RAISER for all efforts' .our Mile of Pennies" or Foot of Pennies" Cards. Also Milady's Mending Compacts and Pocket Calendars, all beautifully printed your own wording. Nothing like them for successful results. Samples 3d.-PBRCY E. ADDY, Grattan Press, Bradford.

EVERYTHING FOR SAFETY EVERYWHERE

'NOVOX' and Oxygen:+ CO 2 or RESUSCITATING 'NOVITA' Oxygen APPARATUS for the apparently asphyxiated or drowned.

SMOKE HELMETS of all Patterns. 'PROTO', 'SALVUS' & 'FIREOX' OXYGEN BREATHING APPARATUS

, PURETHA' GAS MASKS for Naval, Military, and Industrial purpose ••

DUST and PAINT SPRAY RESPIRATORS and all other Safety and Protective Devices.

SIEBE, GORMAN & Co., Ltd., DAVIS ROAD, TOLWORTH, SURREY.

IGLODINI

The Safe and non·poisonous ANTISEPTIC " Iglodine," suppi ied ready for use, prevents blood poison, but is nonirritant, non-poisonous .••.• and can be used with complete safety even by a child. It cleans as it heals.

1/-, 1/1 0t, 2/11 -, ,:; From 800ts' and all other Chemists. Professional Sample sent on request. The Iclodlne Co. Ltd.. Newcastle upon Tyne

Uniform BY Garrould

The cut, style, and fine workmanship always distinguishes a Garrould Uniform from any other. Great care and attention is given to every detail. We have such a wide range of scientifically graded stock sizes that 90 per cent of our customers are able to obtain a perfect fit.

Permit or official headed paper must accompany every order.

S.J.A. · REGULATION COAT

Cut and tailored from fully shrunk and showerproofed material, half lined with grey Italian cloth. Prices include buttons. An official order for H.Q. to supply us with badges and buttons must be sent with every order. Prices on request.

STOCK SIZES-Women's :

Bust: 32, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 36, 36, 37.

Lgth. : 44, 46, 44, 46, 45, 44, 46, 48, 47.

Bust: 38, 38, 39, 40, 40, 40.

Lgth. : 46, 48, 48, 44, 46, 48.

O.S.: 42, 42, 42.

X.O.S.: 44, 46.

S.J.A. REGULATION HAT for Officers, Wool Felt, 18/6. Ambulance Sisters, Felt, 18 /6. Box and postage 1/6. Badges are only obtainable from H.Q. Sizes: 6!, 6i, 61, 6t, 7, T1. 7i, 7i. Storm Cap 17 /11. Box and postage 1 /4.

REGULATION DRESS for Officers and Ambulance Sisters. Made from good quality Sanforized-Shrunk washing material.

Bodice unlined, women's 25/6, O.S. 27/6.

Bodice lined, women's 30/-, O.S. 32 /6.

REGULATION CAPE.-Made in regulation grey cloth, lined with all wool red flannel.

REGULATION BLOUSES for Officers and Ambulance Sisters. In Ivory Tricoline 22 / 6 (4 coupons). extra collar 3/6 (1 coupon). Sizes: 13i , 14, 14i ins. O.S. 23/6. (Civilian coupons must be surrendered for blouses.)

S.J.A. REGULATION APRONS for Ambulance Sisters. Made from hard wearing linen-finished apron cloth. Price includes cross.

Waists 26, 28, 30 ins. 7/9

Waists 32 and 34 ins. ' 8/3

Waists 36 and 38 ins. 8/11

Waist 40 ins. .. 9 /6

All in lengths 26, 28, 30, 32 ins.

REGULATION CAP for Ambulance Sisters, 27 by 18 ins. or 28 by 19 ins. 3/3

150-162 EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W2 Telephone: PADdington 1001

PRICES OF OFFICERS' UNIFORMS AND OTHER ITEMS NOT MENTIONED IN THIS ADVERTISEMENT SENT BY REQUEST

All prices are liable to advance without notice. Numerals obtainable from headquarters.