'Savlon' Liquid and 'Savlon' Cream are indispensable to yo ur first aid kit. They gently clean a way dirt, killing the germs that would infect the wound. The antiseptics in both products are powerful, safe. Th ey were discovered by I.C.I. and are now u sed extensively by doctors and hospital s in thi s co untr y an d overseas.
Advertisements with remillance should b e sent to The Advertisement Dept., The St. John "Review," 23 Pembroke Gardens, London, W .8 (to which address replies to B ox Num bers should be forwa rded). Rate 9d. per word, minimum lOs. Box numbers 2/6 extra Trade advertisements 1/- per word, minimum 15/-.
Semi-display advertisements in classified section charged at one-sixteenth page rate. Please note copy cannot be accepted after the 17th of the month preceding publication date
FOR SALE
DOLLS
A limited number of dolis, dressed in Nursing Members' indoor uniform, are available from the Stores Department, Priory for Wa les, 4 Cathedra l Road, Cardiff, at 6s. 8d. each plus Is. 3d. postage. Twelve or more post free; please send cash with order.
S J A.B. Badge Wall Shields, 35s. 6d.; S J.A.B Gold Cased Crested Cuff Links, 57s. 6d. Medal ribbons Is. 6d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform , 2s. each ribbon mounted on pin brooch; Regulation med a ls mounted 3s. 6d. per medal on brooch. Miniatures quoted for. - MONTAGUE JEFFERY, Outfitte r, St. Giles Street, Northampton
WHOLESALE PRICES for toys and stationery. Also pre-packed parcels: 144 6d to y s OR 72 Is toys OR 48 Is. 6d. 1.oys OR selection stationery. Each parcel 52s ., carriage 4s. 6d. under £3, 6s. over £3 , free o ver £20. Price lists-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2a Handsworth Road, London, N.17
TROPHY CUPS, BAZAARS, GARDEN FETES, SPORTS EVENTS , etc. Send for our Catalogue. FUND RAISERS, BALLOON RACES, PERFUME CARDS, FANCY GOODS, TOYS, CARNIVAL HATS, NOVELTIES, etc. Also now available LOUNGE, DINING AND BEDROOM SUITES, CARPETS, etc. ALL AT TRADE PRICES. Send for 64-page catalogue Save £££s from Britain 's la rgest suppliers SWINNERTONS OF WALSALL LTD., D ept. R.O ., Union Street, Walsall.
N.O PRICE INCREASE. Through bulk bu y ing we can stIll supply full length British BALL POINT PENS, diestamped in gold with your Organisation or Charity, for 5d. each. Minimum quantity one gross. Please print y our slogan (maximum 30 letters) and send 60s. for 144 printed pens.-J. E. mOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD , 2a Handsworth Road , London, N.17.
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES
AUDREY ALLEN COUNTRY MARRIAGE BUREAU, POl!GHILL, BUDE, CORNWALL. Nationwide, confidential. Details sent plain sealed cover, without obl1gation.
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates accepted at the age of 16 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students, Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped School of Nur sing. Successf ul candidates, on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice. Com f ortable Nurses' Horne in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert Hall, Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres Tennis Court Active Social Club
Applications in writing to the Matron.
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON E.C.I
Vacancies ex ist for STA TE ENROLLED NUR SES to enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophtha lmic Nursing . Twelve months' cou rse, of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing Moorfields Certificate of P rofici ency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Cert ificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board Oppo rtuniti es for promotion and practical respons ibility in the specialist fi e ld of nursing.
St. John takes part in the Lord
Mayor's Show
The theme of the St. John entry was a thousand years of voluntary service. Headed by two mounted St. John Hospitaller Knights in armour of about the time of the Crusades-on either side a Monastic Knight, and a Monastic Sister, each tending pilgrims-illustrated the Order's link with the Holy Land and the first Hospice for pilgrims, established in Jerusalem in about A.D. 600.
On a float was Dick Whittington at his desk when he got his first job in London as a clerk of the Order. The surrounding framework depicted St. John's Gate (as it is today), the 12th century Priory of the Order of St. John, built in Clerkenwell.
Ambulance and Nursing Cadets flanked Dick Whittington, symbolising youth with a great future, a future in which the Order has played a part.
The Brigade of yesterday and today was illustrated by two men and two nurses in costumes of about 1900 using the famous "Furley" litter and two men and two nurses in the new uniforms with one of the latest stretcher-trolleys (this one is provided for the Brigade on duty at, and lent by, Chelsea Football Club). A representative from the Commonwealth (where St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade now functions in every territory). The London District mobile Radio Unit-which has proved invaluable in getting aid to casualties more quickly at large public duties where crowds impede movement.
ST. JOHN AND THE ARTS
St. John's connection with the arts is three-fold. By the voluntary aid freely given at concert halls, theatres and exhibitions. By their training in First Aid and Nursing, which is as much an art as a science. And by the Order's ancient property at St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell. At one time it was the office of The Master of the Revels who issued licences for some of the plays by Shakespeare, Ben Jonson and Marlowe. Here too, Dr. Samuel Johnson first worked for Edward Cave the printer, and where David Garrick had his first audition, and where, today, are housed some of the priceless historical treasures of the Order.
(Pictures on pages 23, 24, 25 and 26.)
Yvonne Maddaford and Lynne Irving, members of the Cheriton Nursmg DzwslOn, Folkestone Corps, making up Trudy Irving as a road accident casualty for a fancy dress competition in which they won first prize.
CONTENTS
Classified
Birmingham County Snowdonia Training Weekend
Dr. Newton of Worcestershire retires
The Office of Magistrate, by Clarice Maizel
A Matter of "Life and Death," Part I , by Professor Francis Camps
Description of the New Uniforms
COVER PICTURE
CHAMPIONS OF CHAMPIONS. Winners of the 1967 Grand Prior's Trophies Grimethorpe Colliery Division
S.J.A.n. Capt. n. Coop, A. Yoxall, J. E. Hyde, J. Round and T. W. Haynes (Res.). Quite apart from their numerous competition successes, this team has a very proud record of First Class First Aid. A particularly popular win in the ladies' section: The U.K. Atomic Energy Authority AWRE Aldermaston. Popular because, In comparison they are new5 comers to First Aid competitions, although the Captain, M.iss M.ary Thomas has led her team into the G.P. competitions on seven occasions. This year she was ably supported by Miss J. Manby, Mrs. V. Prout, Mrs. L. Shore and Mrs. S. Offord (Res.). John 'Warburton (l\'Iore details of both teams on inside back cover.)
IMPORTANT APPOINTMENTPROF. SIR HEDLEY ATKINS
To Head St. John Medical Board
H.R .H . THE DUKE OF GLOUCESTER, Grand Prior of th e Ord e r of St John, has approved the appointment of Pr ofesso r Sir Hedl ey Atkins, K.B.E., D M., M.Ch., F.R.C.S., President of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, as Chairman of th e St. J oh n Ambulance Medical Board. The news of thi s appointment IVi ll be rece iv ed \V ith satisfaction and pl eas ur e by eve ryone associat ed wi th t h e St Jol7n Ambulance Associat i o n and th e St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade, b rin gi n g as it does t o th eir wo r k the advice and expe ri ence of this distingllished member of the m edica l profession.
LORD PRIOR wi th the Lord Mayor of Westminster at the Seymour Hall waiting for the arrival of H.R.H. The Du chess of Gloucester. Also in th e pictu re th e Superintendent-In-Chief and Mr C. T Eva ns , Secre tary - General of th e Order of St John. John Warburton
CANADA
HIS EXCELLENCY, the Governor General , presented t h e Br onze Life Saving Medal to Mr. E. A. Lanthier, of Ott awa, who saved thr ee childr en from drowning. His Excellency is Prior of the Order in Canada (see O ctober issue page 4) an d the pr esentation was made during St. John R omage Day at EXPO '67. More pictures of the H amage Day activities and of H.R.H The Pri ncess Margaret's tour of ins pec tion in next month's is sue
A GOOD PHILOSOPHY
Roderick MallD, in the "Sunday Express" a few weeks ago, said "Treat life like a toboggan-don't look back-look forward and enjoy the ride."
HER AL .HIGHNESS s h aking hands with th e Comm lsslOner-II1-Chief. Also in the picture th e Hospita/l e r Sir Stewa rt Duk e -Elder and M r . N C McC lint ock, D epu ty Secretary-Genera l John Warburton
SIR SOUTHWELL, D irector-General , S.J.A.A., accompanyzng H.R H. to see a demonstration by the women's t eam of the !V.ational R o.ad P assenger Transport C e ntre-Liv e rpool Cit y who came second 1I7 th e co mp etition. H e r Royal Hi gh n ess also saw the m en' s tea m in action from th e Elect ri city Supply Ambu la nce C e ntre-St ell a North. John \<VarbuftQn 7
of the runners-up trophy, Sheffield and Rotherham Constabulary, Sgt. K. e. Burgin (Capt.), Sgt. E. Newton, P.e. H S. McCudden , P.C. B. T. Wallace and P.e. K. Robinson (Res ).
John Warburton
R UP in the ladies section, Ministry of Technology Ambulance Centre, Miss D. Reynolds (Capt.), Miss G. 1. Guy, Miss A. E. Fagan, Miss M. Large and Mrs. M. Martin (Res.).
John Warburton
THE MARKET HARBOROUGH Nursing Division team, one of the youngest teams ever to reach the finals were placed third The entire team is made up of ex cadets who reached the Brigade Finals three times (1964, 1965 and second in 1966). John Warburton
Bookshelf
THE KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN
The first edition of the history of the Order by the late Sir Edwin King was published in 1924 entitled "The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of S1. John of Jerusalem in England."
Sir Edwin was a man with many cultural and humanitarian interests, foremost amongst them was his association with the Order in which he held three of its Executive Offices as Registrar, Librarian and Chancellor.
Sir Harry Luke, Bailiff Grand Cross, Bailiff of Egle of the Order, has revised and continued this fascinating work.
In his Foreword the Lord Prior, The Lord Wakehurst, says " This has been a considerable task , but by no one better qualified for it than Sir Harry with his almost life-long knowledge of the Eas tern Mediterranean, his deep studies of the history of The Order of S1. John, his close association with the government of the ,Venerable Order for some 40 years, and the literary ability which has made his books popular throughout the whole Engli sh- speaking world."
The book is attractively bound in scarlet with the Cross of the Order embossed in white and gold on the cover.
Published by The Order of St. John. Price 50s.
A GOOD UNIFORM
THE ST. JOHN STORY
By Joan Clifford
Published by Robert Hale at 25s. Jacket design by Biro .
Joan Clifford is a writer particularly interested in social questions and welcomed the opportunity of taking a look behind the scenes of a great but reticent voluntary organisation.
Joan Clifford recounts the pioneer days of St. John organisation , and discloses some of the tales of service and gallantry so little generally known
As an outsider, she was impressed by the complexity and breadth of the Order's work. Her story reveals the "heroes" among the so-called ordinary men, women and young people whom she met, as well as those who count it an honour to give many hours of quiet, routine service .
This book is her tribute to all who work, in the words of the S1. John motto, "For the good of mankind."
Educated by the Girls' Public Day School Trust, intended to train as an advertisement copywnter but her position with a well-known agency e.nded abruptly with World War II, during which time she held a Commission in the A.T.S
Results page 39
BLACK SUNDAY AT HITHER GREEN
like poverty, is purely relative. What can one person's life can be philosophically accepted by But the ability to alleviate suffering, great or small, and to deal competently with the situation is the important factor.
Speed and skill are essential, but deployment of helpers, comforting the victims and their relatives and doing the many undramatic jobs are equally important.
This was vividly illustrated at the Hither Green rail crash. With gut the efficiency of the emergency services (of which, O'f course, the vQlunJtary organisatiO'ns are a vital part) and the ()Ii IQcal people it might well have been a blacker and even mO're tragic disaster.
At about 9.50 p.m. Mr. William Hicks, the Brigade Press Liaison Officer, was watching television and saw a flash" about the crash. telephoned S.E. Area Commissioner Mr. W. A. in case he had not seen news which specifically asked for trained medical and nursing aid.
Mr. Wheble immediately contacted the Area Surgeom., Dr. :E. C. Dawson, and A/N/O. Mr. Bugg and made for other Area Staff and members to be informed. He then telephoned Mr. Fenton, District Commissioner, and was informed that a Mobile Unit and were standing by. Three of the ambulances in the area already on - way to the scene from Crayford, Southwark and Orpington. By to.30 p.m. more than 70 5t. John personnel, including cadets, were on the spot.
Dr. DawsO'n and Mr. Bugg and District S.O. "NQblily" Clark were am(;)Dg the first to' reaeh the site ood were engaged fO'r twO' h(i)urs in amputating the upper limbs O'f Qne O'f the trapped victims. A difficult enough operatiO'n in ideal circumstances, but here there was the added danger O'f the cO'ach crashing dO'wn Qn to' the rescuers and the casualty.
10
After the operation was completed A/N/O. Bllgg went with other members to Lewisham hospital where they worked into the early hours of the morning
In the meantime more on-the-spot helpers than were needed to cope with the situation had arrived and arrangements were quickly made to disperse them to hospitals where their assistance would be required.
It is impossible to mention the name of every individual, but it need hardly be said that everyone did what was required in the usual quiet and unobtrusive way. However, it may be of interest to readers to know ho w our personnel were deployed.
The Area Commissioner kept six Ambulance members at the crash and sent others to Lewisham, St. John 's, Woolwich Memorial , the Royal Herbert, Miller sand King's College hospitals. An aspect of such disasters which is often overlooked and one in which the voluntary services play a vital if undramatic part, is to escort patients home, to comfort and reassure relatives, to help in the blood donors sections and (sometimes the hardest of aU) to stand-by in case of need.
Some members were able to be on the spot very quickly, but it is remarkable that within 45 minutes of the accident happening 78 members, including Cadets, were on duty.
In his repQrt Area CO'mmissiQner Wheble concludes, "I am grateful not only to' my O'wn persQnnc,1 whO' sO' splendidly resPQnded to' the emergency calI, but to' thQse whO' tumed up fr(i)m O'ther at'eas withQut request and gave help at the incidenJt."
So, once again, in a national disaster St. John played its part in the major scene and also in helping the individuals involved who had to face their own personal disaster.
THE IDEAL
The success of a Division, be it an Ambulance Division, a Nursing Division or a Cadet Division, is achieved by good team work existing throughout the Division.
The ideal Division is made up of members , N.C.O.s, a Divisional Officer, a Nursing Officer , a Divisional Superintendent and Surgeon. Plus a good Secretary , a Treasurer, and a President and Vice-President.
THE MEMBERS
First there are the members-a ll types, and from all walks of life. Possibly eight in a Division, or 18, maybe 30, and in the Cadet Divisions often 40 to 50.
Most of the members are working during the day-and, as well as coming along in the evenings for the Divisional Meeting, on some other nights, possibly out on duty. At weekends, again very often their spare time is taken up with Brigade act ivities.
Dependent on the size of the Di v ision , there will, perhaps, be some Corporals and possibly a Sergeant. These N.C.O.s are invaluable to their officer-they are fully trained and can be relied on to train others. For example-recruits come along at different times and are, therefore, at different stages of training and this is where an N.C.O. can be useful.
THE DIVISIONAL OFFICER
The job of the Div. Officer is to assist the Superintendent and to be an understudy in every way. The ideal, of course, is for a Division to have two of these Officers, but in many cases there is, unfortunatel y, only one-the Officer shortage is very acute, in fact, at the present time some Divisions are lVitho llt a n Officer.
THE NURSING OFFICER
Is a State Registered Nurse and she is an asset to any Division. Sbe can be of enormous assistance to the Superintendent on the training side--especially for Home Nursing, Child Care lectures, etc. Unfortunately there are too few Nursing Officers.
THE DIVISIONAL TEAM
THE DIVISIONAL SURGEON
Again a most valuable member of the Divisional Team. The Division that has the services of a Surgeon is very fortunate indeed. Like the Nursing Officer, he will assist by giving courses of lectures, both to the uniformed members and to the general public-thus assisting stimulating recruitment. Again, many more doctors are needed in the Brigade.
THE DIVISIONAL SUPERINTENDENT
This office demands the qualities of leadership, a good Divisional Team is useless without an efficient officer in charge. The whole Division is reflected from the person at the top. I once heard a quotation by Lord Mountbatten which said: "there is no such thing as a bad ship, only a bad Captain," how very true this is, so much depends on the officer in charge. She is the mainspring of the Brigade, her problems are many and varied, and it is not always realised what this entails.
Meetings have to be planned, duties arranged, and even If there is a good Secretary, there is still a lot of paper work to be done. All too often the Superintendents are people with full-time jobs, or have homes to run and children to look after. All this work must be done by the Superintendents as part of their duty, but there are many ways in which the Divisional President can the burden,
There is so much you can do to help, by the very virtue of the fact that you are non-executive members. For example, many minor difficulties which loom so large in the mind of an overworked Superintendent, can be smoothed over by a President who can view the matter in an impartial way. So often a Supt. comes up against a snag in the work and cannot, for some reason, discuss it with the other members, but you, just because you are non-executive members of the Brigade, can help so much, for you have no bias, and they can talk to you knowing that you will give them impartial advice.
I have been told by some Presidents that their Superintendents do not call on them as much as they would like; this, in many cases, is because the Superintendent is nervous of asking too much of the President, who is probably a very busy person. So do please let your Superintendent know how much time you can give and make it clear you are willing to help, and if, at any time, you are unable to spare the time, you must say so. For the Brigade is a vital necessity and no one can help more in this way, than yOLl.
You can help by giving publicity to the Brigade and its work. The Brigade is renowned for its modesty and even today members are shy of telling the Press of the voluntary service they give. So often you can say, "I am not an executive member myself, but I am connected with the Brigade and ( Continued on page 33)
MISS IVY L. ROBINSON , D jSj O (Cadets) (N), London (Prince of Wales's) District , who gave a most stimulating talk at the Pr es idents' Conference entitled the Di v isional T eam.
Jack H.
By Distri ct Staff Officer Miss Ivy L. Robinson, London (Prince of Wales'S) District
Yorks. N.R.
PICTURE SHOWS Lord Westbury, M.C., M.F.H., County Vice-President (Ambulance Cadets), presenting the Morley Cup to Cadet Leader B. Whit e head, Captain of the winning team in a new cadet rescu e and stretcha exercise. Other memb e rs of the team were C ICpl. B. Taylor, A IC P. Lily , and A IC J. Tallon, all members of the Marske-by-the-Sea Ambulance Cadet Division. They gained 88 marks out of a hundred.
Duke of Lancaster's District
DIVISIONAL SUPERINTENDENT J. SLATE, Cleveleys Division, presenting Cadet Readyhough with his Grand Prior's Badge. He is the first member of this Division ever to have gained this award.
PICTURE SHOWS four young m e mb ers of the Moat Road Nursing Cadet Division, Leicester, demonstrating th e ir first aid skill on th e "victim" Claire Dow e A ll th e girls are West Indians , l eft to right: Naomi Cameron, Jasmine How ell , Paul ette Afflic and Genevee Gayle.
p W J ac kso n
THE JOHNSON'S are ind ee d a St. John family. Mr. JohnsGJn took ov er the Harleston Combin ed Cad et Division in Norfolk last year when there were only nine memb ers; throu gh his l eadership and th e e nthusiasm of his family the presen t str e ngth is now tw enty -five. Although not a member of the Brigade, Mrs. Johnson has rec e ntly taken a First Aid Certificate - th e two bo ys, Lynton and Rodn ey are, of course, members of their father's Divisio n. We hav e no doubt that the fifth m embe r of the Johnson family takes an active part in th e "care of animals."
J. A. P e rfill
Priory for Wales
A MEMORABLE occasion at H averfordwest, Pe mbrok eshire , when twelve cade ts w ere enrolled in th e P e mbrok es hir e (H averfordwest Division), and t en into th e Milford Hav e n Division. The ceremon.y was perform ed by Mr. 1. D. Smith , Assistant Chi ef Sup e rint enden t (Cadets), for the Priory for Wales. Among those who were en. roll ed were Ann Bir ch , Christine Hu g he s, Rosal yn Jam es , D e nise Sable, Trudy W,iseman, R ebecca Evans, Lesley Pratt , Susan LIttle r H elen Goos emo re, Ann R ees, Shirley Brown and Gillian Williams.
Arthur Williams o n
Leicestershi
re
MOAT ROAD Nursing Cadet D iv ision , L eiceste r prize winners. L eft to right:
Genevee Gayle and Claire D owe, shared the trophy for first year home nursing. Evelyn O Connor best first year first aider, Carol e Whelband, Cadet of the Y ea r, and Ram ela P a tel who won the S enio r First Aid and Nursing Trophi es. The presentations w ere made by C.S.O. Miss A. Gabriel.
During the evening the D eputy C oml11 issioner, Dr. A. R. Bradl ey, enrolled tw elve new members.
p. W Jackson
PICTURE SHOWS Mr. C. Willmott of Gatefol'd Road , Worksop, presenting th e cup he donated to the winner of the Worksop Div ision, Cadets Angling Match, 14- year-o ld Cadet Philip Merrills. Also in the picture are: back row, left to right, Cadets Barry Merrills, Phillip Ward and Nigel Cain. Front row, left corner, Cadet Steven Johns and front row righ t-hand corner, Cadets Keith Garside and Gary Palm er.
Worksop Guardian
Cumberland and Westmorland
AT A RECENT presentation ceremony of awards, four members of the Forsyth family of Egremont (Cumberland and Westmorland) were recipients Not to be outdone the next member of the family to join the Brigade will be Mrs. Forsyth. In spite of having sent the report for correction, we not only do not know the names but there seems to be some confusion over the sexes, so to be on the safe side as time is short, we like the picture and perhaps they will write and let us know a bit more of their family history
Cumberland Evening News & Star
Worcester
THE MALVERN team which came second in the S.J.A.B. County of Worcester Southern Area Cadet competitions, left to right: Linda Davies, Kathleen Holland (Captain), Christine Davies and Lynette Ballinger. Ma,ive m Gazette
Wiltshire
THE WESTBURY Combined Ambulance and Nursing Cadet Division at one of their monthly uniform inspection meetings together with some of the trophies they had gained in 1967. These include the KelshalV Shield, the Wiltshire County Cadet Championship of 1967 and the 1967 Uniform Cup. The officers -in-charge .seated in th e front row are: Div. Supt. P. J. Webb, Div. Officer (Nursing) on probation Mrs. L. Reed and Div. Officer (Ambulance) Mr. G. W. Primm e r D. Bunton
Oxfordshire
SONS OF th e U.S.A.A.F. personnel at Lower Heyford who have recently taken a first aid course with th e Kidlington Division (Oxfordshire), for the first time eve r were o n public The occasion was a magnificent all' dIsplay arranged by Messrs. Wills at Oxford Airport. It is h?ped that the first AngloA 11'1'ertcan division of th e Brigade w ill be formed in Oxford s hire. The of th e Kidlington DIVISion who ran th e classes is Mr. Horace Cox, assisted by Corporal Williams.
Lincolnshire
MR. R. WILSON promoted to County Staff. Cadet Leader D. Leek of the Gainsborough Ambulance Cadet Division Lincolnshire, presented Mr. Wilson with a brief case as ' both a farewell present from the Division, and also to mark his promotion to County Staff. His successor also in the picture is Divisional Officer C. F. Stephenson, who wzll succeed him as Superintendent of the Division.
The
PHYSIOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD
A paper given at the National Home Safety Conference 1967
By Thomas E. Oppe, M.B., F.R.C.P., D.C.H.
Man is-at least in his own estimation-an highly animal. His superiority is due to his ability to adapt to a wide variety of physical and social £urroundings and his achievements in modifying, controlling and creating the environment in which he lives. Other animals are less successful either because they have become well adapted to a very restricted environment or have only limited means to alter their immediate surroundings;. Two main factors are responsible for the uniqueness of man's evolutionary success-one physical, the other psychological.
The physical determinant is the ability to use his hands in order to manufacture tools. Other animals can only use their extremities for such functions as locomotion, fighting, retrieving and such primitive construction as nest or dam building. Coupled with man's manual dexterity is the mental ability to communicate not only vocally but by writing and now even more sophisticated means The systems of communication now available mean that learning is no longer restricted to what an individual can achieve by his own trials and errors, and the example of those with whom he is in close contact. He has also the means to participate in the continuing collective "memory," "experience" and "knowledge" of the whole race .
Accidents happen when the relationship between an individual and his (or her) environment is disturbed in a violent, unexpected way. Sometimes the disturbance is initiated by the individual behaving for some reason in an inappropriate manner-as in the case of a small child running into a busy road. Sometimes it is a sudden alteration in the environment which upsets the balance, as when the roof of a building falls in, crushing the occupants. Frequently there is a combination of the two factors and I merely want to emphasise the concept of a continuous balance between individual and environment which if changed violently leads to illness or injury.
Childhood is the period during which the new individual grows and develops to maturity-and by maturity is meant ability to reproduce and to function adequately in the adult environment. One cannot however view growth and development as an isolated phenomenon because normally it takes place witmn the framework of a {)ontinl!lously varying social and physical milieu which beco.rnes progressively more complex. Change is always associated with potential danger and in relation to child development we have to realise that both the 16
child and the environment must change if maturity is ever to be reached. Animals reared in captivity or children brought up in completely sheltered surroundings do not mature into normal adults and it is quite wrong to believe that any good purpose is served by trying to safeguard children from every hazard. It should be our aim to assist him to adapt harmoniously to the expanding worlds in which he must live.
Harmonious adaptation-or homeostasis as the physiologists call it demands physical aptitUdes, intelligence, and emotional stability. Many of these qualities are inherent and are part of the genetic make-up of the individual. These inherited characteristics are species specific in that member s of the same species generally grow and develop in much the same way, but each individual also has a unique inheritance which accounts for the variations between individuals which appear at every stage of the developmental process.
At birth the human baby is physically almost helpless, and it will take him 18 or so years before he becomes accepted as an ad ult. This prolonged period of dependency, more than a quarter of the total life span, is a special characteristic of human beings. The newborn can perform the basic functions such as breathing and feeding but is almost entirely dependent upon the care of others for his nutrition, protection from severe changes in temperature and other physical dangers. His environment is narrow and being immobile he cannot easily venture into dangerous situations by himself. Accidents to small babies are therefore usually precipitated by the actions or omissions of the care-taking adults and are rarely initiated by the child. During most of the first year in which the infant is preoccupied largely with physical growth, it is important to provide him with a safe, secure environment. This is normally done by the family who may need advice and guidance either by education or legislation. Unhappily some babies are deprived of normal mothering and may suffer either from deliberate acts of violence or from neglect. It seems that crying, which is the normal mechanism by which a baby draws attention to his needs, can provoke some disturbed or inadequate adults not to compassion and help but to anger and assault. When this happens the baby may have to be removed to a place of safety and security.
(Continued on page 28)
EXERCISE ALPHA. For once th e evening in the Manchester area was fine for the Combined Droylsden Antbulance, Nursing and Cadet Divisions e m e rgency exercise. A ltogeth e r th ey had to deal with 60 casualties. The Divisions are particularly grateful for the co -operat ion of th e St. Mary's Guide Company, the Droylsden Squadron Air Trainin g Corps and members of the Mossley S.l.A.B. D iv ision who acted as casualties. The result of the inqu est on this disaster exe rcise was extremely fav o£(rable, and it was unanimously agreed that this type of training was of ex tr eme value and other events ar e go ing to be planned in the n ea r future.
"EVENING NEWS" TEi:NAGERS OF THE YEAR
MISS SHEILA .FENTON (Ealin g Nursing Cadet Division) who took.pal:t In the Lord Mayor's Show, re pr ese nting a Monastic Sister of th e Ord e r in th e 12th Century, was of the Year for th e Ealing area in a comf! e tLtw17. organised by th e "Eve nin g News." H e r father IS pef!uty for Lc:nd on (Prince of Wales's) Dlstn c t who also lom ed the Brtgad e as a Cadet.
Eve nin g News
OF
EXERCISE ALPHA
ONE
THE casua lti es being transported to the clearing station during Exercise Alpha.
SNOWDONIA TRAINING WEEKEND
Birmingham County Snowdoni a Training C entre h eld another very successful train i ng w e ekend last September.
The aim of founding this centr e was to provide a bridge between the Cad e t and Adult Divisions by introducing a new type of First Aid tra ining with the added appeal of ad venture as well as to fit members to t a ke part in mountain rescue team s by additional spe ci a l training This includes map -reading , recovery of casualties in mountainous terrain survival in isolated country a nd camp craft.
The centre is some eight miles north of Machynll e th in Mer ionethshire--a sub s tanti a lly built stone cot ta ge with all " mod cons, " including a telephone It lies in the foothills of Cader Idris and about one mile f rom the beautiful lake of Tal-y-llyn and can accommodate 24 people. During 1965 and 1966 most of the time was spent in sett ing up the Centre and training leaders (see St. John " Review " 1965)
This year members from Birmingham Warwickshire , Worcestershire and Shrops hire attended. They were first shown a film of the district and giv en a talk on the likely hazards of weather and conditions in c ertain parts of the district (slate qu a rries and mines which were outof -bounds) in order to avoid accidents through ignorance of the countr yside.
The exer cise invGlhed treatimg and rescuing a casualty from a ledge in the valley. Heavy Tain complica ted the operation However the casualty was success f u Uy hauled to the top of the valley to a waiting vehicle. Here another sn a g w a s encountered. The stretcher would not go into the vehicle and had to be transported back to the centre with the stretcher strapped to the roof rack
The Physically Handicapped
From Lord Nelson to Today
One of England's physically handicapped heroes, Lord Nelson, is reputed to have stayed at Merton House, Ros£-on-Wye, but whether this is true or not it certainly is a building of architectural and historic interest and is scheduled as such.
After many years as a private residence and hotel it recently came on the market and was bought by the Rotary Club of Birmingham at a cost of over £25,000; it has been adapted and equipped as a Holiday House for handicapped in the Midlands.
The adaptation has involved many alterations, including a specially designed lift and fire escape; hand rails; baths moved away from walls; and a inodern oil-fired central heating system.
The 'Birmingham Fellowship of the Handicapped have organised holidays for some years at a camp at Caister-on-Sea for 600/700 reasonably mobile handicapped people, and for years wille way of giving the less mobile a similar opportunity has been sought. The Rotary provided the house and taken the r€Sponslbillty of providing the guests and assisting in the day-to-
day running of Merton House. The Management Committee, set up by the Rotary Club of Ross-onWye, are responsible for "on-the-spot" and daily administration as well as havmg gIven practical help during the conversion.
It is hoped that seriously handicapped people will make use of this new facility Address enquiries to Miss L. M. Brook, 36, Holly Road, Quinton , Birmingham 32. Charges have to be made but these will be kept to an absolute minimum as Merton House will be run as a nonprofit-making concern under a Charitable Trust.
The charge will be ten guineas per week, and since the house was opened last summer over 160 people have stayed there.
A member of the Birmingham Fellowship of the Handicapped told us that Mrs. Gay, the resident Hostess, would be pleased to receive visits from Brigade members-and even more pleased if there is anything they can do to help with night duty. For further details write to Mr. B. A. Dale, B.F.H., Guest, Keen & Nettlefold, Warley, Smethwick, Stafford shire
ST. VALENTINE'S KARNEVAL AT GERMAN EMBASSY
Two motor cars ... and articles which would be worth nearly £3,000 if sold over the counter (they .,. include toys, puppets, tape recorders, record players, watches, clocks, cutlery, leather goods, cameras and projectors, carpets, blankets, cases of wine, a typewriter, ski-ing equipment-and free air travel for two to a German sports centre) are gifts donated so far by German manufactt!lring companies and firms representing the companies in Britain for sale, auction, or as raffle prizes, at a St. Valentine's Kameval to be held at the German Embassy, Belgrave Square, London, on St. Valentine's day, February 14.
Seventy German-based companies and 50 British have been apprQached. The proceeds will benefit the St. John Ambulance Brigade and Deutsche Sozialausschus (the German Welfare Council, an organisation which looks after Germans in distress in Britain).
Host tior the evening to the 600 Karneval revellers will be the German Ambassador with his wife, Frau Blankenhorn, as hostess.
Tickets will include a buffet supper, which will be open from g.30 p.m. to 1.30 a m., unlimited free champagne; free bars; dancing to a wellknown West End band and the entertainment by 20
folk groups and folk
Two floors of the Embassy, including part of the Ambassador's offices, will be thrown open, and between the dancing guests can visit the gift stands, designed by Terence Davis, and staffed in some cases by girls from the Embassy staff wearing national costume
The Karneval is being held under the patronage of many famous names in industry, politics and the arts-in Britain and in Germany.
The items offered for auction include two German saloon cars, an electric lawn mower, a pair of skis, a typewriter, opera glasses and a collection of German porcelain.
The choice of St. Valentine's Day, the name "Karneval" and the offer of the German Embassy for the setting of the ball, stem from the annual celebrations which take place in Germany in the period preceding Lent. These celebrations are at their height on February 14, with bans and processions, particularly in the Rhineland and in the South of Germany.
Tickets for the St. Valentine's Kameval, £5 5s. each, can be obtained from the Cultural Counsellor, the German Embassy, 23 Belgrave Square, London, S.W.t.
Snippits
BRISTOL
Miss Janet Bennett, a member of the Bristol South Nursing Cadet Division, qualified for her Grand Prior's badge in September. It is the first time for many years that a Cadet from this Division has qualified for this award. Janet is taking up nursing as a career and will do her training at the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London.
SUCCESSFUL RESUSCITATION
LONDON
A two-year-old girl was successfully revived by an attendant when she fell into the baths at Twickenham.
Two police constables revived a seven-year-old boy who was dragged from the sea unconscious at Margate.
FARNBOROUGH, HANTS.
His father s ucce ssf ully applied mouth-to-mouth resuscitation on two-year-old Sean Ash after he had been entombed in soft mud at the bottom of Hawley Lake
NORFOLK
650 Cromer Area Sea-front Casualties
"Since May over 650 casualties have been treated at beach first aid huts manned by members of the Cromer area of the St. John Ambulance Brigade."
This was stated by Wing Commander B. R. W. Hallows, the Brigade's Area Commissioner, following an inspection of the huts at Sheringham, Walcot, Mundesley, Cromer and East Runton.
"Casualties have been mainly cuts, bruises and wasp stings," Wing Commander Hallows ·tDld a reporter. He added: "There have been an unusual number of wasp stings this year."
R eport e d in the" Eastern Evening N ews ," S ep t ember 11, 1967.
LANCASHIRE
On D ece mb e r 2, 1967, an int eres tin g l e tt e r from a local resid e nt appeared in the Liv erpo o l " Daily Po s t. "
Sir,- The "Daily Post's" account of the St. John Ambulance Brigade at Maghull deciding on an old barge for conversion into a headquarters must make many people think of the possibilities there are for using our much abused canals.
All the claptrap that has been spoken by councillors, and even M.P.s on the use, safety, danger, and so on of the canal networks locally 21
have amounted to nothing useful. Now, some youngsters with officers who have imagination and drive have given the answer. Use the blasted canals.
Of course, there should never have been any necessity for the Maghull St. John Division to have taken such steps-the entire Brigade is far too important to the public to be without headquarters, but their efforts are magnificent to witness.
This must prove that if ambition and interest are sufficiently sincere results can be obtained Obviously, this is a sharp lesson for our national leaders and city fathers.
Andrew Sayle.
Mather Avenue, Liverpool, 19.
PRIORY FOR WALES
From a report in the South Wales "Echo," November 21, 1967, it was stated that nearly 150 South Wales boys were recently presented with certificates won under the Duke of Edinburgh A ward Scheme.
When Child Washers-up Downed Dish-cloths
An amusing incident occurred the other evening at a small St. John Ambulance club . Everyone connected with the club is a voluntary worker and does a tremendously good job.
But, usually, after a tea-break, a couple of children help with a little washing-up and putting sugar bowls on tables, for which I understand they receive about 2s. between them.
Well, on Friday, two more "washers-up" arrived, which rather devalued the two bob. So they "downed dish-cloths" and asked for a rise of 3d. each.
This they got after a lot of laughter from the adults. They deserved it, because though only children they, like the rest, do a good job. 42, Crompton Street, Walkden.
WORCESTERSHIRE
Dr. F. L. Newton Retires (Mrs.) Lewis.
Dr. Newton became Divisional Surgeon when the Malvern Ambulance Division was founded in 1920. He has now given up his practice in Malvern and retired to G10ucestershire.
Colonel C. P Vaughan, Commissioner for Worcestershire, paid tribute to the great service Dr. Newton had given the County at a small farewell party held recently.
In 1940 Dr. Newton became the first Commissioner for Worcestershire, a position he held until 1953 when he was transferred to the Brigade Reserve.
(Continued on page 35)
THE OFFICE OF MAGISTRATE
By Clarice Maizel
Area Superintendent (N) North Derbyshire (N.C.B.) Area
A little over 600 years ago it was decreed that "a few .of the most worthy in each county" should be appointed to hold courts and to sit in judgment on their fellow men. The population of the country had increased, and it wa $ no longer possible for the King and his nobles to keep pace with crime and di gpute in their feudal c.ourts.
This decree laid the foundation for our lay magistracy, which still deals with over 90 per cent of the cases that go through the courts.
Samuel Pepys was a magistrate. So was Fielding, the novelist. William Shakespeare ' s father disgraced himself by appearing before his own Bench. The cliarge was that he "did cause a nuisance by leaving a stinking pile of rubbish by his door." William Shakespeare describes the magistrate:
"And then the jU5tice,
With fair round belly and good capon lined, With eyes severe and beard of formal cut, Full of wise saws and modem instances."
It is $till commonly suppo5ed that a magistracy is, first and foremost, an honour bestowed for past services. Nowadays it is stressed that the office is a job to be done; that serious study and training sessions are involved, both initially, and every time the law is changed, and hardly a parliamentary session goe5 by without some change or other.
Magistrates are not expected to know the intricate points of law. The Clerk to the Justices is a lawyer, and he is the legal adviser to the Bench. He tells the wordings and requirements of a particular law, but the application of that law to a particular person is entirely in the hands of the magi stra tes.
Court procedure is quite another matter. This the magistrate must know, and any departure from the approved way of conducting a case can render the prosecution invalid.
The non-involvement of the magistrate must be complete . To own one brewery share would prevent one from being a licensing magistrate, or to be am ordinary share member of a co-operative society would preclude one's sitting on the Bench when any case involving any such society or employee of a society were involved
The figure of Justice on top of the Law Courts in London is blind, so can a justice be blind, but one is not permitted to continue on the Bench if one cannot hear the evidence.
The rnagistf3!tes' courts (ili re often ca lled the cpurts," even by such responsible papers as "The Times." Fortunately, since we are not a police state, there are no such things as police courts. The police bring the majority of the cases 22
to cQurt, and a senior police officer may act as prosecutor, but the jurisdiction is entirely in the hands of the magistrates. Policemen act as ushers in small courts, but larger courts have civilians performing the same duty.
People are sometimes heard to say: "I pleaded guilty, to get it over with, " or " to save time." A person in court may qualify his plea of "guilty." A motori s t will sometimes say, in reply to the clerk's question as to how he pleads, "Guilty, but if the other man had kept well to his own side of the road the accident would never have happened." In occurrences such as these the magistrates will not accept the plea of guilt , but will want to try the case as one of "Not guilty," so that justice is done
The range of the work of the court is immense. It deals with the things that go wrong in every situation, between the cradle and the grave. There are application for affiliation orders, adoption procedures , the treatment and education of children, and the juvenile courts. Matrimonial courts take up a considerable time , and are completely closed courts, with no admittance to the public, and no press coverage. Juvenile courts are closed to the public, but often the press is in attendance. They may publish the proceedings , but not divulge the name of the juveniles before the court, or the relationship to any other person which could lead to their identity becoming known.
Open court covers a list of activities that are almost beyond counting ; larceny, forgery, arson, assault, everything, in fact, from making one's own banknotes to not having a dog licence. The serious crimes , such as murder, go to higher court, but even they first go through the magistrates' court.
The magistrates may send to a higher court any case, however minor, where they think that the case history of the convicted person warrants a more severe sentence than they have the power to give. The usual pattern of things is that crime must not pay , and the more often a person commits a crime, the greater the deterrent.
Eighty per cent of offenders before the court do not return, and there is a natural improvement in the behaviour of most criminals as they get older. The remaining 20 per cent who return are a great problem.
When one sees a juvenile court portrayed in a television play the magistrates are genera]Jy seen as old and out of touch. In real life the magistrates are younger, the ideal being much nearer to the
(Continued on page 35)
A THOUSAND YEARS OF VOLUNTARY SERVICE
St. John Contin gent Depicting the Hi story o f the Or der a nd its Found ations fr om the time of the Cru sa des to 1967.
Ab
el?v.: : THE FLOAT
Il'lbur.ed fo otball e r ,With First A I:1e rs in
CLOSE-UP of the St: J.ohn's Float with Member of the Order , Mr F. Crimn!en, St. J o hn s Gate Division (better known to most people as one of the merry band at Stores) wzth Cadet Sgt. J. Lockie, Hammers fnith Division, as Dick Whittington. Unfortunatel y the Cat was "stuffed" and not a membgr of St. John.
LAND-ROVER crew Cpl. W. Stacey and A 1M. J. Clerke, Ealing Ambulance Divisicm, chatting with AIM. L. W. Sheen, No. 85 Ambulance Division, who w as one of the two 1967
party before the procession moved off.
John Warburton
stretcher
Above: D/SUPT MISS ANNE WISLA, C.N. 54, wearing the new hat and overcoat in th e Lord Mayor s Proc ession. (S ee also page 32). John "Varburlon
Right: N/M. DENISE JONES, Enfield N.D. , D I S I O Martin Young and DISupt. Colin R ee d er (C.A '3) representing St. John in 1967 and the uniform of an Officer 1910 vintage. John W arburton
Above: A I M. BILL KINGSTON fr om S. Australia District, Woodville Ambulance Cadet Di v isi o n , who is in th e U.K. on a working holiday, with D IN I 0 Bona vent ure Le e from Sabah , w ho r e presen ted the Briga d e O ve rs e as. John Warburton
" Left: ST. JOHN O:t:J" THE WALKIE-TA,LKIE OPERATORS. Takll7g part In the Lord Mayor s procession to show St. John today.were Nursing Jennifer Reed and Anne Gaye Willesden N.C .DIvIsIOn and Divisional Officer Miss S Holden from 1f.Ilburn
The London District Radio Unit is now used at all major public duties-;a boon in days of dense
Another 1967 touch was prOVided by a stretche! fitted with every modern device to e nsure comfort fO/: the victim (lent by Chelsea F.A .C,), crewed by Denise Jones, Anne Richards, A I Ms M. W. Thompson and L: W. Sheen, and the "casualty" was Andre Hieff , New Addington.
John Warburton
Today and Yesterday
Right: Ambulal}-ce
towing model of Anclent John Gate, on which Dick Whzttlngton lS sitting at his desk under th.e benevolent eye o f one of the St. John Behind can be seen the Furley LItte!, invented by Sir John one of the pioneers of the Flrst Aid J:1ovement, propelled by m embers zn 1900 costume N I Ms Rosemary Lenn o:n4 Pauline Sewell and A I Ms H. Gnffzths and J. Sweeney. Heading pro: cession were two mounted Knzghts zn Armour. They were Col. A. V. G. , Dower, County S.J.A.A. qna County President, Bngade, Oxfordshire and D I Supt. Knott, Hackney. Monastic Knight and Sister, D I.Supt Oliver, N.D.L.B. and N I M Fenton, Ealing. Pilgrims were.C ILdr. Moya Howe and Sandra Allkzns, Holborn. Sport & General Press Agency
Left: THE "FLICKER GIRLS."
Alongside the procession Ambulance and Nursing Cadets wIth cardboard discs, emNem on one side and brief details of St. John on the other which were "flicked" into the crowd. They included A IC Peter Thompson (last year's American Cup winner) Pott e rs Bar; Narznda Mehtab, C 23 East London; Francis Smith, Grays; Micha e l Wyldes, C 106; NICs. Christine Smith, Grays; P. Woodard, St. Pancras and Gwendoline Blows, Grays.
John WarburLon
A MATTER OF "LIFE AND DEATH"
by Professor Francis Camps, Department of Forensic Medicine, The London Hospital Medical College
PART I
"And God formed man of the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life-and man became a living soul."-(Genesis 2,7).
The mention of Forensic Medicine conjures up in the minds of many, something associated with death. Perhaps more-sudden death; more death by violence and, most probably, a sensatIOnal background.
This extravagant misconception has been fostered by the Press, fiction writers and even by pathologists, whilst the emphasis on death has led some of those who decide the future , of the medical curriculum into forgetting that the problems of those who suffer trauma, whether it be physical or mental, and survive, are usually more significant than those who succumb.
Whereas the subject of this discussion is "death," it is as well to appreciate that, in order to have death there must be life, and the problems associated with this are almost as complicated.
WHAT IS LIFE?
Life has been defined in many ways, none of which materially assists the problem about to be considered; for example:
"The property which differentiates a living animal or plant or a living portion of organic tissue from dead or non-living matter" immediately raised the question of somatic and cellular death, whilst
"Continuance of animate existence-opposite of death"
merely begs the question and the definition of "lifeless" as
"having no life; dead; insensible-1651" not only depends upon the definition of death but also does not even conform with it unless it is accepted that all unconscious people are "dead," with which conception nobody can possibly agree. When it is appreciated that the lack of modernisation of the meaning of words in an age of rapid scientific and medical progress is associated with legal definitions just as out of date, it looks very much as though the time t.o rethink and redefine is becoming overdue. As a relevant example: On a certain theological basis , life commences at the moment of conception, whilst on a legal definition a foetus is held to be viable after 28 weeks' gestation (Infant Life Preservation Act), yet the same child which is on this definition "non-viable" 27
can be a live-birth on the definition of " having been completely expelled-shows signs of life or breathes." In fact, so illogical is the definition of live- and still -birth that a perfectly normal, full-term child , which is strangled whilst one foot is still in the vagina, is legally a still -birth.
A recent report of the British Medical Association has condemned this situation and has recommended that there shall be a death certificate for "still-birth." Attention has been drawn to this in view of the problems of irreversible cerebral anoxia (the dead brain), to be discussed later, and a possible comparison with the absent brain of the anencephalic monster whose failure to survive, if due to an act of omission or commission, constitutes murder, by a literal interpretation of the law.
THE TIME OF DEATH
Examination of any textbook, old or new, WIll show that for the last hundred years at least, a matter which has engaged the attention has been " The time of death." Further-that in spite of a great deal of time and research, there has been a failure to arrive very much nearer a solution to the problem. This may well be, in fact, incapable of fruition for the reason that there are too many unknown factors involved. A proper statistical appreciation would show this as another example of attempting to resolve the problem by generalisation, particularly when the original data are bedevilled by dogmatic statements handed down from edition to edition on the time factors in relation to such phenomena as fixation of hypostasis (R. v. Emmett-Dunne) and appearance, persistence and loss of rigor mortis (R. v. Wallis). It may be that tilis state of affairs is in part due to the splendid isolation (or segregation) of the forensic pathologist from contact with the clinical and experimental medicine and similar subjects. The time of death has also, on occasions, been confused with the time of attack-victims may not die for hours Or even days after a traumatic incident. It may be that you will think these criticisms represent a "defeatist" attitude, but there is worse to come, because the problems mentioned were studied in the days when the practitioner believed
(Continued 011 page 29)
Physiology and Psychology of Childhoodcont. from page 16
The taddler is much mare able to' precipitate accidents because the urge to' explare which has been reinfarced by what he has seen and heard during the first year, can now be fulfilled by his advancing mability. Early in his secand year he gains the lacamatar ability to' crawl, then walk. His; manipulatary skills increase So' that he can pick thirlgs up, and try aut their cansistency and shape using both h.ands and mauth to' dO' this. At the s;ame time he gets the beginnings af verbal cammunicatian recagnising but nat always abeying requests and cammands. He is; naw less dependent an adultg, and he demanstrates his new faund liberation by testing aut far shart periads his prowess; away fram mather. He is alsO' extremely imitative sa that if there are older children araund he will try to' capy them.
All this; adds up to' a dangerous situatian because his entirely natural develapment may be at adds with his man-made enviranment. His inherent pratective reflexes and respanses dO' little to' warn him ' af the dangers af electricity ar gas. His natural urge to' put things in his mauth may be disas;trous if dangeraus drugs, ar hausehald materials are within his reach. The first effarts to' walk are clumsy and his balance uncertain sa he readily bumps intO' things and falls easily. The emotional crisis termed "negativism" leads him to' disobey his mather's warning "na." He must learn at this stage by repeated trials that skills are consolidated by much practice.
The pratectiveness which was warranted at an earlier stage is nO' langer apprapriate but mathers are aften fearful af letting their taddlers learn "the hard way" sa the taddler gets frustrated at being denied opportunities to' explore. These difficulties are accentuated when the parents are tense ar anxiaus and the children tired and irritable. One wanders haw many accidents have been saved by the television praviding a saurce af distractian during the difficult haur ar sa befare bath-time.
Sa far we have spaken indifferently abaut the child being him ar her, but naw we have to' recagnise that with the exceptian af burns and scalds, accidents happen significantly mare frequently to' bays. It is arguable whether this sex difference is due to' innate physiolagical and psychalagical factars ar whether it is largely due to' diffe.rences in the way that parents bring up their male and female children. Either cansciausly ar uncansciously mast parents like their bays to' be "bays." Aggressive and adventuraus behaviaur is less discauraged in bays than in girls, in spite af accasianal mUliml!lrS af disappraval mast small bays acquire a large arseFlal of weapans fram an early age. Girls an the ather hand are encauraged to' be quieter, mare campased and to' restrict their interests to' damestic affairs. Whatever the causes 28
the statistics are clear that accidents to' bays are mare frequent and mare seveFe than to' girls.
The next impe>rtant stage af develapmentmarked sacially by cammencing farmal schaaling, is the acquisitian af the ability to' cammunicate fluently by speech, and to' read and write. The child's learning pracesses are nO' langer dependent campletely upan his awn trial and errar experiences and the abservatian and imitatian af athers. He is naw apen to' a number af educatianal pracesses and has same pawers af reasaning. At the same time his physical skills are mare ar less campletely develaped, he can run, skip, climb and jump with facility if withaut much pawer. At schaal he is braught intO' cantact with children af his awn age and campetitiveness becames impartant.
Mast parents make it clear that they are delighted if their affspring are cleverer, harder-warking, tidier and paliter than the rest. It is nat surprising that children alsO' see merit in climbing higher, running faster and living more dangerausly. Physical skill, campetitiveness and the temptatians af the madern enviranment are ahead af wisdam at this stage. The child can ride a bicycle, and wants ane, befare he has "raad sense," he is fearless in the way he tackles physical feats and challenges. Prahibitian is unlikely to' succeed and the right appraach wauld seem to' be to' recagnise the prablem and make use af the child's advancing reasaning skills. At the same time it is right to' cash in an the desire af children in the juniar schaal age graup to' farm "gangs" and to' acquire badges and certificates. Schemes far awards for praficient swimming, safe cycling and sa an are af great value and are psychalagically quite apprapriate. They are, hawever, less useful if a reasanably high standard is nat demanded.
The age araund transfer to' the secandary schaal heralds ane af the climactic peri ads af child develapment - the anset af puberty. Adalescence-ar the teen age-is much discussed and is interesting fram the physical, psychalagical and ematianal aspects. Physically there is a grawth spurt aften accampanied by clumsiness. The specifically sexual partians af the anatamy undergO' rapid develapment and the physical differences between bays and girls became much mare abviaus. The bays became mare muscular and with this an increase in pawer and endurance.
Adalescence-as we all knaw-is a peri ad af paradaxes. There is a great need far canfarmity -all wearing much the same clathes, liking the same "pap" stars and behaving in similar fashian. At the same time-adalescence is a time af rebellian in which the standards af the adult generatian tend to' be reversed and averthrawn.
Adolescents are amangst the most respansible af citizens with their idealism and fervaur to' create a better warld, they can at the same time act with
(Continued on/acing page)
SALISBURY MEMBER'S BRAVERY
Mr. W. J. Richards, member af the 2/401 Engineering Branch Cammittee, perfarmed a particularly caurageaus act whilst himself having to' use crutches awing to' a persanal injury.
Mr. Richards, whO' is a St. J ahn Ambulance man, hurried to' the scene af an accident near his hame and saved the life af a 17-year-ald yauth, Alan Brindley. On arriving, after having twa falls an the way and damaging his leg plaster, Mr. Richards faund the yau th suffering fram severe electric shack which had upset his heart actian, althaugh he was still breathing. He applied cardiac massage successfully and stayed with the yauth until a dactar arrived. It was later stated that but for Mr . Richards' prampt actian Alan Brindley wauld have been dead in abaut 15 minutes.
Physiology and Psychology ofChildhood-cont.
great irrespansibility and seemingly have nO' regard far the feelings af athers. Educatian af the adalescent by adults unless dane skilfully is warse than useless and preaching is the least skilful way af attempting this. I believe that adalescents shauld educate themselves by being well-infarmed and taking respansibility. Hawever, their capacity far hera-warship shauld be utilised and ane hapes that admired will set an example af respanslble, safe behaVIOur withaut necessarily being "square." .
Adalescents leaving schaal are transferred fram an enviranment which is camparatively safe-far schaals are carefully regulated and seriaus aCCIdents are rather uncamman-ta ane af great danger. V!e have all been shacked recently by the paar aCCIdent recard af yauth in industry. Is there a far allawing yauth to' acquire same baSIC mdustnal skills before being thrawn intO' the deep end?
This has been a brief review and I have artificicampartmentalised develapment intO' faur mam age peri ads-infancy, taddlers, primary schaal , and adalescence. Of caurse ane shauld nat this because grawth and develapment are cantmu?us and the ane stage merges imperceptIbly lilt? the ather. Individuals vary cansiderand gIrlS tend to' be ahead af bays. I have tned to' .show that physical and mental aspects are clasely mter-related and. that the physialagy and af the c.hlld cannat be sensibly dIscussed withaut relatmg them to' the sacial and physical enviranment.
A Matter of "Life and Oeath"-cont. from page 27 that it was passible to' establish that death had accurred by: vision (the maving feather); Tactile sensi (the pulse) and auditory perception (the saunds in a stethascape).
In view af the recagnitian af hypathermia 1 (as a mad ern alternative to' narcalepsy)2 and certain dramatic incidences, such as recavery af cansciausness in a refrigeratar ar in a past-martem raam, it has became clear that the traditianal methads af praaf af death must be reappraised. But this is nat all because the pawers af resuscitatian, historical but ignared until recently, have been maderately successful, sa that it is naw impassible to' say that a persan is dead, even if the E.C.G. and E.E.G. shaw nO' thing-unless there is nO' intentian to' attempt resuscitatian, a decisian which might ane day lead to' actian far negligence. Even with successful re-establishment af cardiac rhythm and respiratian, the passibility will still exist that the ultimate "living" result may prave to' be a drain an the assets af the cammunity.
WHAT IS DEATH?
Fram this, the earlier statement that the definitian af "live" (and far this it must be abviaus that cansideratian must be given to' the intrauterine and neanatal periads) must be clasely allied with the definitian af death.
In the past, death meant the end af life but with madern advances in medical this is nO' langer the case. It is therefare with twa aspects that we are cancerned tanight and it is by using such a canceptian that it may well be the J2rablems af the future may be capable af salutian.
The first type af death is that which is inevitable -such as accurs with advanced carcinamatasis; the camplicatians, such as pulmanary infectian af a cerebra-vascular catastraphe; ar uraemia due severe permanent renal damage. In such cases It IS usually a slaw pracess, sametimes with particularly. sensitive cell c;Ieatb almast anticipating .death ar accasIOnally same acute episade mterverung, such as a pulmanary embalism. In such cases it is to' be haped that any attempt at resuscitation wauld nat be cantemplated. Nevertheless, if such an ill-gauged actian was taken it to' pralang life, with the use' af far a pralanged periad -canscIOUS ar uncanscIOUS.
The secand type af death is that assacia ted with unexpected Perhaps the best recagrused examples af this are cases af cardiac arrest which accur during ar shartly after sunrical aperatians, because it is these which have mast publicity when resuscitated. It is, af caurse, (Continued on page 31)
29
WHAT NEXT?
By Mrs. L. M. Clark, l05N Eltham Nursing Division
It was 2 o'clock. Afternoon lessons were just about to start, when an agitated sixth form girl burst into the room with a message that assistance was needed urgently in the main entrance hall. Information gathered was that the patient was shamming, but on arrival I found that this was no sham.
Anne had been hypnotised! There she sat, head up and arms hanging limply by her side, staring straight in front of her. Pulse was normal, pupils dilated when shaded, but nothing would induce her to blink, Stella-the cause of this dilemmawas frantically biting her finger-nails and, bet ween almost fits of hysteria, she pleaded with Anne to wake up.
What, I asked myself, does one do for this?
My black book couldn't help me here. Stella hadn't a clue how she had done it or how to wake Anne up. All she did know was that she had accepted a dare from Anne and that she would never, never do it again.
The suggestion that this should be reported to the headmistress and Anne be sent to hospital only made Stella fly into fresh fits of hysteria and failed to rouse Anne. The office staff were alerted to send for an ambulance, but having made Stella realise how dangerous this ex ercise could be, she was told to wake Anne up. With my fingers crossed, Stena was instructed not to plead with Anne but to tell her in a firm voice that she was "going to wake up." It worked! Anne stirred, closed her eyes and then wakened up. At first she looked frightened, then puzzled, and said: "I'm fine, what's the fuss." She hadn't a clue that for 15 to 20 minutes everything seemed chaos while we tried to calm Stella and find out what she had done . So an ambulance wasn't needed.
A report to the headmistress that Stella was terrified of what she had done and had learned her lesson, an apology from Stella for the troQble she had caused, and lessons went on as usual. Punishments were forgotten and only Anne is still wondering what really did happen during that 20 minutes when she feels so fine.
WHY I JOINED
By Percy Bird, Divisional Superintendent Bridgwater Ambulance Division
When I was nine years of age I joined the 2nd Company of the Boys' Brigade in Bridgwater. Started first aid with Boys' Brigade and failed my first aid test. I started work on the Great Western Railway and joined the Station Class at Bridgwater. In 1916 I still wanted to join St. John. Once again I failed my first aid examina.tion. But I tried again in 1917 and passed this time.
I used to wait for wounded men at Bridgwater Station, from 1914-18 war. Got transferred to Penygraig in 1920, South Wales Was Class Secretary for the Great Western Railway class there. I was awarded two efficiency awards from the Great Western Railway at Paddington. I returned to Bridgwater in 1927 and joined the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and am still a member.
I tried to join R .A .M.C. in the last war, but Great Western Railways would not release me. So Rail way A.R.P. and first aid it had to be. Also loca l C-C at Bridgwater. My duties have been interesting at all times. I am first aid trainer for th e Bridgwater R .F.C. for the past 30 years to date.
I was transferred to Newton Abbot Division in 1931 and returned to Bridgwater in 1935. I am 65 years old. Retired from the British Railwa ys on January 28, 1965. Class Secretary of Bridgwater Railways class from 1942-1965. Holder of 15 years -25 years-35 years-45 years medals for Railways Ambulance Service. Also St. John Ambulance Brigade Long Service Medal and four Bar s for 35 years. I received another bar at the end of last year making it 40 years' work for St. John .
Am always interested in the competition work, staging and "make-up." Still interested to help the scouts, Boys' Brigade, young farmers, first aid work. I am still going to carryon the good work for St. John.
My record reads as follows for St. John: Private 1927; Corporal 1942; Sergeant 1950; Divisional Superintendent 1953; Serving Brother St. John 1953.
That is why I joined St. John. I have done a good job to help others to carryon the St. John work.
TALKING POINT
This Badge is now authorised to be worn on • Brigade uniform. (Brigade Order 1397, January, • TRUTH NEVER TRIUMPHS BUT ITS ENEMIES DIE OUT 1967).
• Max Planck 1858-1947 30
A Matter of "Lire and Death"-cont. from page 29 such cases which themselves most easily t o me3:sures occurrIng, as they do, with all facilIties Another type also amenable to deaths due to electrocution; myo1l1SUffiClency (coronary artery disease) and arrest. due to external stim uli (vagal inhIbltIOn) A tlurd type, also associated with s udden co llapse, i s that in which there is an acute cardiovascular cerebro-va cular catastrophe, s uch as a ruptured aneurysm of the abdominal aorta or cerebral haemorrhage, in which there is no real hope of recovery and, should resuscitation be s uccessf ul then the patient is left in a permanent s tate. or wit? some painful or psychologically imPOSSl ble eXIstence which would be covered by Osler's famous quotation from Clough: "Thou can'st not kill but shouJd'st not strive officiously to keep alive."
It is , of course, in the rare cases in which the individual is not only restored to life but at least apparent normality, that obtains maximum publicity. i? these of exaggerated lack (If responsibillty. There IS little doubt that it is the sI?eed with which the measures are instituted that dIctates the. and this, in its turn, should be the responSIbIlIty of the person who has t o weiah the pros and cons of even making or no mystery be made of the situIt IS.possible with modern methods to maintam by this is meant a beating heart and breathing lungs-for an almost indefinite time so that .there a body which will perform basic functIOns. WIthout being conscious. So, too, in the p.enod after the heart has been started, it js to say what may happen. Even when at the tIme of "death" the E.C.G.3 and E.E.G.4 waves were absent, after the heart has started, they will return.
" The position, therefore, is easily understood: death" has occurred and "life" has been restored on t?e basis of the original definition: "shows sign; of !zfe or breathes." But there remains a "body" which does not perform purposeful actions or or apparently recognise its surroundings. This of affairs been. called "a vegetable state. It would be easy If the SItuation rested there or c?uld be anticipated three months' hence: but thIS IS not so for what is not yet known although it may be a matter of "guesswork," is to. whether the central nervous system is in fact stIll In other wo rds-"how n;uch an unconscIOUS person feel?"
This question has a historical sianificance and the basis of a troversial whIch arose at the tIme of the introduction of a method of decapitation by "Dr. Guillotme. It in the "Moniteur" on May 20, 1783, WIth an open letter by Sommerin a and Oesler as to how much the head felt after bsever31
ance by the "widow." This was, no doubt, stimulated by Alexandre Dumas' romantic acco unt of the execution of Marat's murderess Charlotte Corday. She was alleged to have blushed on b oth her face was slapped by the executIOr:-er s aSSIstant, Legros. In the heated discussion :vh1ch followed, cases were cited proving there were reactIOns as well as severa l interestmg to disprove them. There is, howtime to go into the details but it IS of. mterest to record that, although Andre Soubiran thought that Dum as had a viv id imagination, ye t he commented "But all the same Such. examples of the unreliability of eye\VItnesses m moments of emotion are well shown the three independent description s of the executl?n of Queen of Scots. All three eyeWItnesses dIffer, except in one matter-that she decapitated by a single blow. Objective eVIdence has shown that, on this point, they we re a ll wrong.
" RECEPTION " DURING UNCONSCIOUSNESS
Reverting. to during unconsciousness, there I.S eVIdence that in hypogl ycaemia s the can appreciate what is happening WItho ut able to speak and the same is said t? ill carbon monoxide poisoning. Thus the sltuatlOn must be faced as to whether it is an intact, central nervous system which makes the difference between true life and death in life means the presence of a mInd. It .IS lillpossible to define life by reference to one smgle factor for it involve both "the body" and "the mind." Thus, it is impossible to deny that a person is alive if he still is or is capa?le of being, mentally normal; even he requ.lre. mechanical assistance to maintain his respIrC!-tlon (a respirator) or his heart (pacemaker). mIght, on the other hand, also be said to be when, possibly incapable of conSCIO usness, he 1 stIll able to breathe without mechanical assistance. Here again we do not always whether is synonymous WIth lack of appreciation. Under such circumsta nces ,. it wOl}ld be murder legally to switch off the respIrator .m a case of poliomyelitis but a matter of doubt ill a person whose brain miaht be S? damaged that consciousness could never bbe regamed. The latter conclusion, unless it is faced up .t?, must otherwise lead on to the unrealistic pOSItIOn that a headless body wo uld have to be kept putrefacti o n by mechanical means, to the detnment of other conscious persons.
It myst now be obvious that the importance ?f tlme of death di sap pears into the background VIe.w of th.e potential problems involved by the whIch h as been produced by modern medicme .
(Continlled o)lerleaf)
THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH'S AWARD
THERE'S A BOMB IN YOUR HOME IF YOU HAVE AN AEROSOL CAN
is a new danger in the home. lies in .that innocent can of aerosol hair spray, or msect-killer. Heat will cause the can to explode, so it should be kept away from stoves and the fire ..
Recently, in Johannesburg, an Afncan bOIler attendant was burnt from head to foot when he shov€lled some rubbish into the boiler.
The rubbish had come from an office wastepaper basket into which someone had thrown an aerosol hair spray can. The can exploded as soon as it entered the boiler, shooting out a solid sheet of flame.
As a result of this accident, the National Occupational Safety Association asked for the comments of Mr. M. C. Vorster, general manager of one of the leading aerosol can fillers in South Africa.
He said that every precaution was taken by
THE NEW UNIFORMS
The picture on page 4 shows the new St. John Ambulance Nursing uniform. An attractive dress, princess-line, in a lovely shade .of. "Cepea" material with an Also 1l1VISIble front zipper. The dress is basically the same f?r all ranks including Nursing Officers, and there IS a halterneck apron which can be put on quickly when a "dirty" job has to be done.
The "American-type" indoor cap is worn by all ranks except that the Officers have a narrow black binding on the edge. Nursing Officers, S R.N. retain the traditional indoor cap. Officers wear black shoulder straps and for S.R.N.'s rank markings are backed with grey plastic.
In the picture on page 25 Divisional Superintendent Miss A. Wisla is wearing the new "overcoat"-basically the same for men and women, a
A
Matter of "Life and!Death"-cont.
On a purely traditional basis, and this must been theological in origin, death was assocIated with departure of the soul from the body: "The intellectual or spiritual power," "high development of the mental faculties 1604" (Shorter Oxford English Dictionary) Of "The vital, sensitive, ()r rational principle in plants, animals, or human beings. Frequently. distinguished as tative sensitive and rattonal, or reasonable. (ibid.). The word "vegetative" may be of significance in relation to matters to be discussed later.
32
manufacturers to ensure the safety of customers, but stressed the point that attention must be paid to the warnings on the containers.
"The containers are factory tested at 132 degrees with an internal pressure of 110 psci," Mr Vorster said
"The containers should not be exposed to sunlight or artificial heat, nor should they be kept. in cupboards close to or heaters. them within the reach of chIldren also constItutes a ha zard ," Mr. Vorster added.
Another danger to be guarded is th.at eyes can be damaged if sprays- especIally dISinfectants, insect-killers and room-fresheners- are not used carefully.
DAILY DISPATCH, East London. Reprinted from "Call of St. John," December, 1966, issue.
shower-proof Terylene / Cotton coat into 'Yhich a quilted nylon lining can be buttoned III cold weather. The ladies have at last thrown away the old pudding-basin hat, and now wear an extremely smart tri-corn-not all that new, perhaps, but very becoming. County/District flashes are worn on both dress and overcoat.
The men's uniform does not appear to have chan aed so much. The accent is on lighter material, comfort and a more streamline cut, using up-to-date materials. The white cloth cap has been replaced by an easily cleaned plastIC one. The haversack is also white plastic into which the water bottle now fits. The major change is that the leather belt has been discarded and all ranks now wear a cloth belt.
The new uniforms and equipment are now available from the Stores Department-Priory House, St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C.1. Tel.: CLErkenwell 6644.
The Oxford English Dictionary defines death as "the final cessation of the vital functions," and the true significance .of this definition lies in the w?rd "final" because now not only must the functIOn cease: but it must also be incapable of being restored.
1
2
4
.=E ectroe nce ph a lograph.
5 li:[ ypog yca cmia = D c fici c ncy of su gar in th c blood (To:b<continued)
The Divisional Team-cont. from - page II
I can tell you that every member gives up his or her spare time for helping other people."
If you know the local newspaper representatives, do try and interest them in the affairs of the S J.A.B. in your neighbourhood. Tell them of events aJ?d see they are invited to inspections or any publIC ceremomes
You would be giving the greatest help if you could see the Brigade is represented on local co mn'}j ttees , Education Committees, Hospital Committees, and local Youth Committees. If you could represent us on your local Standing Conferences where the St. John viewpoint is all too seldom heard, I feel you would have an opportunity for promoting local interest in St. John work.
Perhaps you could go along to your local Women s Institute or Townswomen s Guild or Rotary Club and talk on the History of the Order of St. John and its foundations , again, this is an important way of publicising St. John and you would be doing the Brigade a great service.
Many of you have, no doubt, v isited lands associated with the History of the Order, such as Cyprus , Rhodes , Malta and the Holy Land, talks on these places would be of great interest and use to members of the Brigade, and I know the Superintendent would be most grateful and happy to arrange such an evening
I have illustrated a few of the ways in which you are in a key position to assist with publicity of th e Br igade and could I say how much you can do in this direction by wea r ing your uniform on appropriate occasions.
Publicity leads to Recruiting , and the need for recruits must be emphasised. Presidents , of course, ha ve a unique opp ortunity for playing a most import ant r ole in this campaign , particularly in your own Area , where , fo r instance, you can quote statistics to illustrate the number of hours member s spend on duty, the amount and the type of work done and even how the Brigade could be doing even more wer e its numbers increased.
Whenever the opportunity arises, do stress the need for recruits.
AUXILIARIES
The Divisional Team would not be complete without mention of these valuable people, the Auxiliaries . They help to make the work of the Brigade possible, even though they may not be First Aiders. These non-uniformed helpers are often in the background, assisting in many ways , making that welcome cup of tea at the end of a First Aid Class, assisting with money-raising efforts.
I heard of an Auxiliary who regularly baby sits twice a week for a St. John member, who can, therefore, attend her weekly practice evenings and her weekly Cinema duty. These smaU, but useful undertakings are all helping the Divisional Team to do its job.
Those who help us, year in and year out, should be given some tangible proof of our gratitude and every Auxiliary s badge showing the eight-pointed Cross is another way of keeping the symbol and name of St. John before the public.
CADETS
The Divisional Team operates in much the same way as the Adults. In addition to the N.C.O.s there is an appointment of Cadet Leader, and very useful these young Leaders are. We have, at the moment, some Cadet Divisions being kept running by Cadet Leaders owing to the Officer shortage.
Officers-in-Charge of Cadet Divisions, by the very diversity of their duties, are sometimes in need of even greater help by Presidents, and unfortunately there are all too few Cadet Presidents.
The most important work of representing the Cadet movement adequately on local Education authorities is a task which can be very satisfactorily performed by Presidents, particularly if you are already concerned with local govern33
ment. It is desirable that every Education Committee should have, at any rate, one councillor or co-opted member with a grasp of our Cadet activities throughout the country. You, as Presidents, can do so much to help on the Cadet side.
I want to suggest how you can help in the all-important problem of increasing the number of Cadets who transfer to the Adult Divisions. It is not easy for a boy or girl to adjust themsel ves to becoming the youngest and least important member of a Division, especially after being possibly a Cadet Leader or a Sergeant, with a Grand Prior's Badge, and perhaps several special Service Shields.
It is never easy to change from being top dog and even less so when surrounded with strange faces.
We are working hard for better co-operation between Adult and Cadet Di visions and this is where you can help us. Will you keep in touch with the Officer-in-Charge and get to know the bo ys and girls who are reaching transfer age. I would like to suggest that perhaps you organise a " welcome " party for Cadets on their promotion night, it need not be a grand affair, but any little effort will make them f eel the y are welcomed and needed in Adult Di v ision. I think you can do much to help by smoothing over this difficult transition period.
The future of the Brigade lies with the Cadets , they are the raw material, vital to the continuance of our work and we must spare no pains to see that this valuable source of recruits is not wasted.
We hope you will sp a re the time to come along to Cadet Open E venings , Emolment Ceremonies and presentations of a wards, these are the occa sions when parents are invited and we do like them to meet our Presidents-a word here and there goes a long way
Another way to help the Cadets is with their camping. Man y years ago I was Superintendent of a Nursing Division in Kent and decided to start a Cadet Division This flourished, and I asked Lady Violet Astor of Hever to become our President, she accepted, and became a very good friend. She later became County President.
One year I wanted to take the Cadets to camp , so I asked Lady Astor if it would be possible to camp on her land. ot only did she grant us a beautiful camp site beside the lake in the grounds of He ver Castle, but I was given the freedom of the whole castle estate for the Cadets, plus milk, cream, eggs, fruit and all garden produce. Year after year we camped there and when I moved to London, I was allowed to take London Cadets to camp on the san1e site with the same facilities. I have many happ y memories of camps at Hever.
I am not suggesting that you throw open your castles and ga rdens for the Cadets to camp in, but you could perhaps help when your local Cadet Superintendent is looking for a camp site, by perhaps using your influence with local landowners or persuade a friend in another County to allow can1ping on their land.
Camping is part of Cadet life and camp sites are becoming increasingly difficult to find.
Cadet camps are often an aid to publicity as the following story will demonstrate. Two years ago, I was asked to visit a camp of a London Division of boys in a small village in Sussex.
I remember arIiving just before eleven at the village Church and seeing a very smart contingent of Cadets marching down the village street, and the local people all stopping to look at them. After the service, the lads formed up outside the Church, and on command of their Officer, marched away up the street back to camp. You would be surprised at the number of comments I heard from the locals. Who are they? What smart boys! St. John Cadets, oh , boys from the St. John Ambulance Brigade, how nice they look. You can imagine how proud I felt. An advertisement for St. John? Yes, I think, a splendid one.
(Continued on page 36)
WITH COOKS IN MIND
(Especially those taking their Grand Prior's Badge subjects)
Reprinted by courtesy of the British Sugar Bureau Domestic Advisory Service, 57 Duke Street, Grosvenor Square, London, W.1.
CHUMP CHOPS WITH FRUIT SAUCE
This is a unique way of preparing lamb and the sweet sauce gives it a different flavour.
The sauce can also be used with pork chops or meats with stronger flavours.
PREPARATION: 5 minutes.
FOR 6 PERSONS
Ingredients:
6 large chump lamb 2oz. raisins. chops. 20z. sultanas.
2 tablespoons dripping. 20z. mixed dried fruit.
3 cloves / garlic. 1 tablespoon cornflour.
i -pint meat stock. 4 tablespoons white wine I-t dessertspoons sugar. vinegar. salt and pepper to twist of lemon peel. taste.
lVIETHOD
Heat the dripping in a large saucepan or casserole and braise the lamb chops and crushed garlic for about 15 minutes. Add the meat stock (barely covering the chops) and simmer for about 45 minutes. Skim off all the fat with a spoon dipped in cold water.
Take t to i -pint of the liquid from the lamb and add lemon peel, sugar, vinegar and fruit and simmer for about 10 minutes. Mix the cornflour and pepper with a little of the liquid and add this to the sauce and stir until it thickens. Place the meat on a serving dish and pour over the sauce.
CHOU ROUGE FARCI AUX MARRONS
Red cabbage is not normally blanched but we find in this case it is better to do so.
The outer leaves and stalks need not be discarded as if cooked very carefully with butter and a little vinegar added to the water they make an excellent vegetable accompaniment to the meat dish.
They may also be shredded finely and added to a salad.
PREPARATION: 15 minutes.
Ingredients:
1 large red cabbage. 80z. chestnuts.
1 tablespoon sugar.
1 pinch of nutmeg.
METHOD
Score the surfaces 'of the chestnuts on the domed face. Place in a baking tin with a little water and nutmeg and roast for approximately 8 minutes. Drain and peel them while they are still hot.
Wash the cabbage in salt water and remove any tough outer leaves and stems. Place the cabbage in a large saucepan of boiling, salted water. Cover and cook for 10 minutes.
In the meantime, slice the chestnuts and mix with the sugar; heat the beef stock.
Drain the water off the cabbage and remove the heart, without disturbing the o uter leaves; st uff with the chestnuts and place in a baking dish.
Cover with the hot beef tock and bake in a moderate oven (375 deg., Reg. 4) for 20 minutes.
Pour the cream over and serve
BEEF RAGOUT
This method of cooking meat is suitable for all cuts of beef also for veal, mutton, rabbit and game. It can be cooked the day before it is needed and some cooks will advocate this as it gives the dish a richer flavour.
In order to make this dish asappetls111g and full of flavour as the French do, it is important to remember the following:
Use one pan for the whole cooking process so that no valuable flavours are lost.
Cut the meat into 2in. squares and leave a little of the natural fat on the meat to keep it tender.
Brown the meat carefully-a few pieces at a time so that the fat is not cooled. If the fat is allowed to cool, it will start to stew the meat which will make the dish greasy and unappetising.
Flour used should be -t to ioz. to I-pint liquid. The quantity of liquid should be roughly i-pint to I-lb. meat.
We have included small herb dumplings to make a good, savoury winter dish.
I-pint beef stock. i-pint cream. salt and pepper to taste.
1 gill red wine. I-pint stock. ioz. flour. dripping for frying.
1 clove/garlic (mashed).
1 dessertspoon sugar.
Cut beef into 2in. squares and heat a deep, heavy saucepan or casserole. Heat the fat until it is smoking and lay in the meat, one or two pieces at a time, and brown lightly on both sides. Remove the meat and keep warm.
(Continued on page 36)
The Office of Magistrate-cont. from page 22 age of the offender's parents than to his grandparents.
A high court judge has said that there are no thing as delinquent children; there are only delmquent parents. A child is very much the pro?uct ?f its home environment, and a great many Juvemles before the court are children of broken or unhappy marriages. In some cases the child has been hopelessly spoiled, in others it is the reverse, and the child has been the butt of a domineering parent. Sometimes a child is so disciplined at home that when he gets out of SIght and earshot he is a public menace.
worst that can happen to a child is to be by hIS parents, if not openly rejected, and the chIld that comes before the courts is often th.e one who cannot establish sound relationships WIth any other person; the nearest he can get to it is to join a "gang."
Many c?ild offenders, and adults too, are put on probatIOn. To many this is counted as having "got off." In fact, at any tin1e during the period of the probation, which is commonly for two or three years, the probatior:-er can be brought back to court and a dIfferent killd of punishment given jf his behaviour does not measure up to probation officer's requireIl].ent.
In the matrimonial court couples who have together to say "I will" now stand apart, and, III say "I won't." Always the aim is but when this is impossible the magIstrates must fix the maintenance, and decide upon the fate of the children.
. Young marriage, young love, conjures up a pIcture of but it does not always turn out thIS way. The years between 16 and 20 are years of immense change, and to choose a partner .for life. during those years of change, and feelmgs, can be a risky business. The dIce are loaded in several ways. In the first place only a very small proportion of these young people come home to a home of their own; usually they have to live with "in-laws." Secondly, there is a than even chance that the boy may not be ear nmg a full wage.
To modern young people, because they have had more to spend than ever before the weiaht of domestic responsibility comes hard. They not afford to go out so often, and the new clothes, and other luxuries are quickly replaced by hIre purchase commitments.
. offences take up a great deal of the tIme m magistrates' courts. The .offences vary from the trivial to the serious, and at every court many of the cases carry endorsement. Three enup0J.?- driving licence mean disqualificatlOn from dnvmg. To ignore that penalty, and 35
sti.11.to drive, mean.S There are many offences I.n juvenile courts these days. SometImes the chIld before the court will smile secretly when it is announced that his licence will endorsed; maybe he is only 15. His licence WIll bear the endorsement when he is old enough to have one.
In the welter of motoring offences that clog the court lists it is sometimes felt that the courts have a grudge against the motorist. This is not so. When the last case has been heard and the magistrates' car park empties, the mot;rists who ha left face the same hazards as the people at?amst they sit in jUdgment, and the danger of appeanng on the wrong side of the Bench.
The ways into trouble are innumerable but the way out of trouble is long and hard; harder than the processes of justice make it. Often the sentence out by one's fellow men is longer than any would of. There is the publicity, the talkrng, the whispermg and the watching. The 1:!lemory of a town or a village is as long as the of its oldest inhabitant, and so long as a cnme is remembered, the criminal pays.
5.ometimes, during a court hearing, there is an aCCIdent, or someone is taken ill. Here it is useful to have police ushers, with their 5t. John Ambulance Brigade training.
Once, when a man had a serious charae read over to him by the Clerk of the Court had a fit , and in falling hit his head on the sh'arp corner of. a ta ble . Another time a person involved in a cnme a handf.ul of sleeping pills just before gOlllg rnto the WItness box. Quite often so meone giving evidence that is distressin a to relate is taken ill 0
The hardest part in such circumstances for me is to sit still and take no part. "
Newton Retires-cont. from page 21
During his 30 years with the Brigade hi services have been recogni by the Order , fir t as Serving Brother and then nsmg through the various QTades until he was appointed a Knight of Grace. 0
In addition to his Brigade activities he also , erved as Chairman of the 5t. John Council for W orcestershire.
The County President of the Brigade, the Beauchamp spoke of his terling work and saId how much he would be missed by all his many friends and colJeagues.
E I'e ry good w ish for th e fut ur e. P e rh aps h e would write about some of his yesterdays.
Dr.
With Cooks in Mind-cont. from page 34
In the same pan, fry the onions whole and carrots quartered, slowly until they begin to colour. Sprinkle with sugar to brown them. Take off the heat and dust in the flour, cook slowly until brown.
Stir in the wine and crushed garlic, then add the meat, bouquet garni and salt. Cover with hot stock and bring to the boil. Cover and simmer for 1t hours and then lay the dumplings on top, allowing room for them to swell; cook for a further 1- hour.
HERB DUMPLINGS
Ingredients:
20z. S.R. flour.
20z. fresh breadcrumbs.
20z. grated suet.
1 beaten egg or cold water.
METHOD
20z. chopped green her bs (parsley, spinach, nettles, lemon, thyme, etc .).
salt and pepper to taste.
Mix all the dry ingredients together and moisten with egg to make a rich dough or water to make it less rich.
Roll into small balls the size of a walnut and add to the ragout half an hour before serving.
Get the "REVI EW" Habit!
For details of the House and Membership, please complete and return this coupon to THE WARDEN, ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE, LONDON, S.W.I. (BELgravia 2732).
The Divisional Team-cont. from page 33
I have not mentioned the problem of raising money, but every member of the Divisional Team is aware, as I know you are, that a Division must have money in order to exist.
One way in which you might be of great help is by approaching local industrial interests and ascertain whether they cannot be induced to give donations. Your assistance on Flag-days and house-to-house collections will indeed be welcomed by the Divisional Superintendent.
You may be a ble to persuade someone to lay on a charity show, or to find some well-kn own figure to open your local fete or Christmas Bazaar and so bring the crowds in. You can do much by explaining our need of funds to outside organisations and people and telling them why we need them.
Explain that St. John is part of everyday life in this country and the public is, in many cases, in our debt, which they can repay, in however small a degree, by giving us the money to get the tools to do the job.
I have spoken of the Divisional Team. I like to think of the four Divisions, Ambulance, Nursing, Boy Cadets and Girl Cadets, as a family. All living and working together, helping each other as a family should. The ideal situation is, of course, for them all to meet under the same roof. This is possible where they are fortunate enough to have their own Headquarters. Many Divisions without their own H.Q. meet in halls and other premises, but we encourage coordination of training, and we make every effort to combine the four Divisions on duties, so that they get to know each other and work together in harmony.
Social functions, where Officers and members of the four Di visions meet and enjoy themselves, do, of course, provide excellent opportunity for getting to know one another.
Finally, as a Brigade member , I thank you for all you are doing and I hope I have made you aware of how much we need your support, your help and your friendship. And I hope that when you see St. John on duty at any function, that you will go along and chat with the personnel, believe me, they will always welcome and appreciate your interest.
The voluntary spirit exists in the Brigade today as it has always existed and there will always be work to do.
lt is our duty and your duty to further the work by interesting friends, and by getting more members of the general public to join us.
The White Cross of which we are so proud is the symbol of voluntary service, for over 800 years it has meant that h.elp is at hand.
Will the wresent-day wearers of that Cross feel that their task is done? That they can now lay down their emblem?
The answer is to be found in the ever-increasing calls which are being made and answered with that true St. John spirit today.
ACROSS
1. Indicate nice men for practices of Pre-Hippocratic physicians.
8. Unpredictable en d to symptom of biliary derangement.
9. Expiratory dyspnoea often allergic in origin
10. Auditory ossic1es are aid to horsemen.
11. Horrifying cause of fainting.
13. Treated with vitamin B 12, this anaemia is not so fatal as the n a me implies.
16 Nicer local could be used for severe pain in the loin.
20 . Prepared tea or beer.
21. His condition is due to deficiency of secretion of islets of Langerhans.
22. Too l in medicinal sol uti on.
23. A disturbed molher with a degenerati ve change in large artery.
24. Dangerous reduction in number of white blood cells, possibly due to radiation. DOWN
1. Correct by slight m a nipulation.
2. Command in g officer with us in the end is a relative.
3. Bear sufTering with patience and fortitude.
4. To catch hero with many following produces fertility vitamin.
5. Natural impulse.
6. Fishy medication for skin di sease.
7 Tim e passes as sleep is di st urbed
J
2. The fi r t and still mo st used , was disco vere d by Alexander Fleming.
14. Cares not for one from whom genes h ave been inherited.
15. C<?lourful satellite, but appearing infrequently, it is sald.
16. Mild infection but can have serious effects during pregnancy
17. Most proficient from stable .
18. Lowers head by flexion of lumbar spine.
19 Reflecls an addition to 20 grains short.
ST. JOHN REVIEW
POSTAL
SUBSCRIPTION FORM
To the Treasurer and Accountant. Order of St. John, I Grosvenor Crescent, London. S.W.I.
Please supply j renew* ST. JOHN REVIEW
com mencing with the issue 1 enclose 17 j- for 1 year
Cheques. etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John. Name
*De/ete whichever is inapplicable.
A. Potter
Post to Editor, mark Compo 1, 23 Pembroke Gardens ,
5. Five Roman and one German carry blood to the heart.
8. Pulse in hypoglycaemia.
9. Rest and natural substance to bring back health.
10. due to bleeding into the tissues.
12. Tree-before and after burning.
13. Use rib to produce superficial injury.
14. A serious complication of animal bites in many parts of the world.
16. Slight injury from upturned pin.
17. Use of drugs in treatment of disease is a nice, mild change.
20. Bone forming joints with both clavicles.
21. Anatomy studied by first-aiders-and by doctors and nurses.
23. Essential body fluid.
24. Return of illness during eonvalescence. DOWN
1. Moor a place to sleep.
2. Bite was fatal to Cleopatra
3. Steals child while he sleeps?
4. Body without head and limbs.
5. A long view.
6. Method of preventing spread of infection.
7. Sees round the boils.
11. Articles carried to assist in rendering efficient first aid.
13. Musicians looked at woodworking tool.
15. Antiseptic spirit.
17. Male person or old estate.
18. Object could be Australian bird in care of doctor.
19. CI@an variety of surgical instrument.
22. Clears up many a mess.
RESULTS SHEET JUDGES:
Men's Team Test: Dr. W. M. M. Douglass, of Stony Stratford.
Women's Team Test:
Individual Tests: Dr. J. A. Hanraty, of Deal.
Dr. Dorothea F. Coles, of Bampton.
Dr. H. C. Williamson, of Parkstone.
Dr. A. H. Campbell, of Ashby-de-la-Zouch.
Dr. C. H. Drake, of Gloucester.
MEN'S RESULT
WOMEN'S RESULT
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY S.J.A.A.
FIRST AID COMPETITIONS
This year , for the fir st time, women ' s teams competed in this event and they are justly proud that the Newcastle-upon-Tyne Women's Police Team came second The Northumberland Champions for 1967 were the Newca stle-upon-Tyne City Police.
WHO'S WHO AND SCORE SHEET
yea r co ur e of t ra inin g fo r t ud e nt s of l 8 yea r of age.
Fo r f ull d eta il , p lea e w ri te to Mi ss B rette ll , o ll ey H o p it a l , B ra in t ree , Essex.
(( It's
JUDGES:
Dr. J. Brown, County Surgeon , S.J .A .B .
Dr. D. W. B. Hogg, Area Surgeon, S.J.A.B.
Casualties supplied by S1. John Ambulance Bri gade Casualty Group. Competition Organiser: Miss J
GRAND PRIOR'S WINNERS
GRIMETHORPE COLLIERY S.J.A.B. Division
Sgt. Br ian Coop , a sple nd id caplai n of a plend i d
lea m, ga in ed lh e t h ir d hi g hest indi vid ual mar l s. J o hn
Hy d e a nd A lbe rL Yoxa ll receive d lb e O rd er 's Me ri to ri ous
Ce rt inca tes in r ecog nili o n of lb e ir co ur age a nd d evo ti o n lo dul y wh en a n acc id en t occ urre d in vo lvin g 160 m in ers
- a lth o ug h injur ed th em e lves th ey gave first a id to lhei r co ll eag ues J oseph R o und r ece ive d a Cer lin cate of l-lo no ur for co ur age durin g th e sa m e di sas ter. R ece ntl y
Te rr a nce H ay nes a nd J o11n H yd e a t te nd ed a seve re ly i njured wo rkm a n w ho was run ove r b y a bu - by th e spee d a od e fTi c ie ncy of lh ei r tr ea tm e nL th e m a n's Leg was save d fro m be in g a m p ut a ted
U.K. A.E.A. A.W.R.E. Aldermaston Team
T he Ca pl a in , Miss M a ry T ho m as- 24 year c rv icc in t he Bri ga d e, fo r w11i c h s he was a dmiLt ed a a Se rvin g in 1966- in additi o n to lea din g th e lea mi s S u pe rInt e nd e nt of th e So ul.b co le Nur s in g Ca d e L Di v is io n.
Ga rd e n s, L o nd o n , VV.8. AT LEAST TE D AY S IN A DVAN CE.
2. E n c l os e fl, c h equ e o r P.O. , m a de p aya bl e t o t he Ord e r of S t. J o hn
3. E n c l ose brie f bi og r a phic a l det a il s
4. F ull n a m e a ddre ss , t it le , quali fic ati o n h o n o ur a nd awa rd s. IN BLOCK LETTERS PLEASE . I t is ve ry much re g re tted tha t order s cann o t b e t a ken o n the d ay - s o pl eas e t ell y o ur coll eag ue of the se fa cilities to avo id di sapp o intm e n t.
* Yo u m ll s Sl a) in yo ur se a ts.
OLD EYES FOR NEW
You and thousands more of us - ordinary men and womenmay now give sight to someone who is, at this moment, b1ind.
Because this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back their vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
Eyes of all colours are equally valuable, and it does not matter if you have worn spectacles for years.
If you are not as young as you were, do not feel that your offer will be less valuable. Strangely enough, it will be more so: the eyes of older people are even better for this purpose.
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shall benefit, it is essential that there should be many more willing donors than will ever be called upon.
Mark all correspondence "CORNEAL GRAFTING" addressed to: The Director-General, The Royal National Institute for the Blind, 224 Great Portland Street, London, W.1.
His Majesty King Hussein of Jordan has donated his eyes to the Order's Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem.
One Shilling
I NVESTITUR E P H O T O GR APHS
GRAND PRIORY CHURCH, LONDON
P H O T O G R A P HE R S atten din g t h e I n vestitur es
r epres en t t h e press a n d cannot u nd ertake to photograph indivi du als unl es s pre vi ou sl y co mmiss ion e d . Ph otographs can be commissio n e d in advance a t a cost of £ 1. At t he m oment t h is ca n incl u de a pi c tur e of the act u al in vestitur e a nd a fami l y group after the ceremony . * A n yo n e w i shing to be photographe d p lease app l y as fo ll ows:-
1. Send a written to The E d itor, St. J o lm " R eview," 23 P e mb roke Garden s, L o nd o n , \lV.8. A T LEAST TEN D AYS IN A D VANCE.
2. E ncl os e £ 1, cheque or P O , ma d e payable to t he Ord e r of S t. J o h n.
3 E nclo se brie f bi ograph ica l d eta il s
4 . F ull name a dd ress , t itl e, qu a l ificat i o n s, honour s and a war d s IN BLOCK LETTE RS , P LE A SE.
It is very m u c h regrette d that or ders ca n not
b e taken o n the d ay-so p l ease t e ll yo ur coll e ague s o f the se fa c ilit ies t o a void d isappointment.
* You ,nust s tay in you r seats. FOR INFORMATION concerning courses in First Aid, Patient care in the home, Clean Food Handling, Hygiene and Public Health and Child Care Ask the nearest ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION CENTRE or write to The Secretary THE ST JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION
HOW TO GET TO THE GATE
EDITORIAL
Ea rl y this month I had t o send out an urgent, iII-ty ped, w orse spelt and q uite ungrammatical panic circular regarding th e closing dates of the " Review" Cro ssw ord competition Coun ty staff and P .R .O. s mu st ha ve done a magnificent job in passing th e informati o n as the po stman has not b een weighed do wn wi th ju stifiabl y irat e letters.
I said in the circu la r that I was sick of wr iting tha t "d u e t o circumstances beyond our contro l ," th e "Review" wo u ld b e late again and , th er efore, the closi ng dates for t h e competition were n onsense. Please note tha t for U K readers the date is n ow Marc h 31 and fo r overseas May 31, by which time I sincerely hope you will have received your Ja nuary copies
The main reas o n for the lateness of p u blication was due to a rumour that the " Review " had cea sed pub ]ication. This left u s with no advertisement s. Witho u t advertisements we cannot su rvive. So ab o ut 900 letter in all (individually signed) were sent to o ur regular adverti sers and the mag azine held in ca se it was possible to retrieve a t leas t some of the lo s t revenue. The lateness of
FOR SUPPLIES
of Fi rst Aid Manuals, or any teaching book relating to courses organised by the St John Ambulance Association. Teaching aids generally include First Aid Film Loops. Uniforms for the St. John Ambulance Brigade, including Badges and Insignia. All First A id Materials-stretchers, kits, etc.
Write to General Manager ORDER OF ST. JOHN
St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, London E.C.I Tel: CLErkenweil 6644
the p ubli cat ion of th e Feb r uary and March issues will be d u e to the same cause. H owever, thanks to t he su ppor t of o u r advertiser s the r est of the year l ooks fairly bri gh t.
In Janua ry, a " R eview" Management B oard was set u p to lay down general policy-not in a restrict ing sense, r a the r to investigate p ossible means of increasing circulation and adv ertising revenue.
T h e Board incl u des senio r r ep resentatives of Industry, Adve r tising and J o u rnalists, as well as Executive O fficers of the O rder , Association and B rigade. Lady B recknock is the Chairman and Sir David Wilkin son Vice -Chairman.
In order t o implement the day -to -day recommendations of the B oard and to plan and obtain the contents of the " R eview " a " R eview" Committee was set up . (The Board to meet q uarterly and the Committee monthly.)
The " R eview " now has a powerful backing, but thi s d o es not mean that you , the readers and your (Continued on page 3)
WITHOUT ACT UAL ORAL CONTAC T
Tuition in mouth-to-mouth
o r mouth-to-nose
res uscitatio n ca n now be p ra ct is e d w it h comp lete hygienic
FAST AID WITH PHENSIC
When you need a safe, effective analgesic, turn to Phensic. Phensic does morethan kill pain. It soothes, calms and comforts.
If you would like a free supply of Phensic for your first-aid kit (as supplied to doctors and dentists) please write to:
The Edw ina Mountbatten Tru t is the memorial to a great woman. The proceeds of the ale of t hi s book goes to a fund which s upports St. John, the nursing profession and children all over the world.
In Februa ry 1960 we were tunned by the new of her death. In 1968 we can remember her by contributing to the interests for which he gave h er life.
EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN
HER UFE IN PICTURS
Compi led and Edited by Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock
Superintendent-in-Chief, St. John Ambulance Brigade
7s. 6d. each
Professional Sample
Edit orial-cont. from page I contacts, have a less important part to play. We need your views, your news and your ideas.
There is a constant appeal for readers letters.
Now, the "Review" is an open forum. Advertisements, articles and views expressed are not necessari ly according to regulations. The only censorship exercised is when the item could be an attack on an individual.
ArticJes on treatment or aclverti ements of products may not adhere to the authorised manuals, but have the value of stimu lating disc ussion ancl are reputable views and products which may be employed in everyday domestic use o r to widen our knowledge of clrugs ancl equipment wh ich we may come acros ' when working in ho pital · or clin ics.
The Hither Green disaster showed that our role in any emergency must be as flexible as possible. There we were needed in hospitals and not as F ir't Aiders. amiJiarity with modern trends will make it possible for us to know how to carry out in s tructions - in emergenci s you have to be ab le to " jump to it." ''I'm a irst Aider" of little use or comfort in these circumstances. We can be more of a hindrance than a help.
I regret that th is i 'sue ca rries Ii We Cadet new ' , but a seric of article on proficiency subjects is being prepared.
Don't any Cadet have their own news and view? Don t they reali e that they can write direct and the item can be published in confidenc
The other day I met a B.R. . . friend of mine who told me a splendid ·tory. She and her hu 'band went into a bar for a drink. ft was a very hot day. They wanted omething, trong but long and cool.
nasty fright." He said, "Nothing to the fright I got. The first words I heard made me wonder if I was at the pearly gates- 'lt's all right, I'm St. John'."
An ilJustration of the lighter side. Contributors cou lcl well include treatment, particularly when it has been necessary to improvise.
This issue is very much looking back over the events Jast year- important enough to be kept on ice. So, please, when you send in a contribution of a specia l event don't despair if it is some months before it appears. We have to stock-pi Je and often a piece will keep and fit in with a topical article or appear a. achievements during the year.
Economies which have had to be made- very regretfully, are that no receipts for subscriptions will be sent unles pecialJy reque ted.
That contributi ons to the "Review" will not be acknow ledged.
That gratefu I thanks to newspaper, journal and author for pictures and articles, with permis ion to reprocluce free of charge, will not be sent, but wiJl be acknowledged when published.
Further on economie. I cannot promi e to return item ent for publication, but if a tamped aclclres ed envelope i enclosed I will do my best to , ee that they are returned, in due course, depending on voluntary aid available.
The Que tionnaire la ,t year made it eviclent that m t readers want to keep the "Review" goingsome, gratifyingly, at any pric but no amount f Boards and Committe however hard workinocan do this without you, the reader' upport.
By backing the "Review" we are al 0 Backing Britain." The circulation is mall, but it does go throughout the Commonwealth, to the U.S.A., and to ] ndu try.
Beecham Proprietary Medicines. Beecham House, Great Wes t Road, Brentford, Middlesex Phensic
7s. each orders for ten or over (postage ex Ira in each case)
Published by Macdonald
Recommended for relief from HEADACHES
Orders to:
Edwina Mountbatten Book,
1 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S. W.1
Telephone: 01-235 5231
A s the wife had served with the Red Cros and St. John Relief Team in Cyprus and the husband thought it a good .idea they had the territorial drink of brandy and ginger a le. He had scarcely ipped his drink when he wa overcome by the heat. They left, but on the doorstep he collap ed. She, as a First Aider had tarted the treatment when a large gentleman came through the crowd and said: ''I'm St. John, can I help you madam?" My friend stood back and let him get on with it. The casual ty began to recover- then the well known comforting phrase was repeated, "It's a ll right, I'm St. John."
Having recovered, the husband and wife made their way to the car. She said, "You gave me a 3
The aying that committees in general "Meet of ten, confer e ld om and act never," i an epitaph which cannot be applied to the member of our et-up.
On page 14 are the adverti ing rat The whole of the revenue for classified advertisements goes to the magazine; 20 per cent of the other advertisements covers the expenditure in getting the ad vertisernents.
Mak e hi story by making the "Review" the only house magazine which pays for it elf.
New First-aid and transit dressing for Burns
-even unskilled helpers can apply it in seconds
The Roehampton burns dressing, made from Pritex polyurethane foam , reduces risk to the patient during the critical pre-hospital period. It also provides a logical preliminary to the modern exposure_.treatment.
It is so simple and effective to apply that even unskilled helpers can attend to a casualty -quickly and safely.
It can be applied in seconds without causing unnecessary pain and with a minimal risk of adh(3rence. It provides good protection against trauma and reduces the risk of infection. This Roehampton dressing can be removed in seconds. It will often save the patient having to be given large doses of drugs, or even a general anaestheti c In the event of multiple casualties, such ·as might be caused by large scale explosions or fires, the Roehampton burns dressing has man y advantages. 0 It makes a light, compact pa c kage that is easy to transport. 0 N o spe c ial care is needed to keep it in perfect condition. 0 It remains sterile until the pac k age is broken open. 0 In all circumstances, it gives the patient the best possible means of protection from further damage while on the way to hospital.!
Reference: A. J . Evans (1957) Brit. Med. J., 1, 547. J. Kohn (1963) J. Roy. Army Med. Cps., 109/4, 1.
ABOUT THE BOOK
The White Cross in Canada takes its title from the distinctive emblem of St. John Ambulancean eight-pointed white cross on a black background. Through many centuries the white cross has been associated with the work of devoted men and women performing deeds of mercy in the service of mankind.
This is the first definitive history o.f St. John Ambulance in Canada .. ta be published. The opening chapters review the early history of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in the days of the Knights
About the Author
Colonel G. W. L. Nichol on came to Canada from England in 1919. Before the Second World War he was a high school principal in Saskatchewan. It was at Saskatoon Normal School in the twenties that he qualified for his first St. John Ambulance Association Certificate in First Aid.
During the Second World War Colonel Nicholson served with the Prince Albert Volunteers, and from 1943 with the Historical Section, General Staff. At the time of his retirement from the Army, in 1961, he was Direct or of the Historical Section, Army Headquarters , Ottawa.
Colonel Nicholson is the author of a number of works on military history, including "The Canadian in Italy, 1943-1945," "Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919," and "The Fighting Newfoundlander."
(Mo re pictures on. page 15)
(S ee also page 15)
Hospitallers, and show how the Order carne to be revived in England in modern times.
We read of the early efforts to establish the work of St. John in Canada, of the growth of the movement throughout the Dominion, and its continued development to the present day. An account of the fine contribution made by the Canadian orgal1isation in two World Wars is balanced by a description of how St. John has met the challenges of peace time, particularly when disaster strikes. Readers will find helpful a chapter setting forth the various oomponents of the Order in Canada.
HER ROYAL HIGH ESS the Prin cess Marga r e t and Lord Snowdon are seen arriving at the St. John Ambulance First Aid post in the Canadian Pavilion at Expo '67 , accompanied by Miss Yvette Loiselle, Pro vincial Superintendent (N), Quebec. Int e rnational Press Service
LT.-GEN. SIR WILLIAM PIKE and the Lady M oy ra Bro wne being presented with an illustrated book on the history of Montreal by Mayor Jean Drap eau, Mayor of the City of Montreal. The presentation took place when General Pike and the Lady M oyra Bro wne made an official call on the Mayor at City Hall on August 31 , the day preceding the Homage Day Ceremonies. Left to right: Lt.-Gen. Sir William Pike; Mr. William Molson, Pr esident of the Quebec Council, St. J ohn Ambulance; Mayor Jean Drapeau; Mr. Ian MacLaren, Chancellor of the Order; The Lady M oyra Browne; Brig. J. A. DeLalanne, Member of Priory Council.
MRS. JENNY DOUGAN, Provincial Staff Officer, Cadets, being presentgd to H.R.H. Princess Margaret during the visit of Princess Margaret and Lord Snowdon to the St. John Ambulance First Aid Post in the Canadian Pavilion at Expo '67. Left to right: Lord Snowdon; Miss yvette Loiselle, Provincial Superintendent (N), [2u.ebec; H.R.H. Princess Margaret; Mrs. Peter L. Robznsdn, Superintendent-in-Chief; Mrs. Jenny Dougan.
BRIG. T. E. D. SNOW, Pmvincial Commissioner for Ontario, and Lt.-Gen. Sir William Pike shown
'
(Demonstration pictures page 15.)
A PROUD MOMENT
A MATTER OF "LIFE AND DEATH"
by Professor Francis Camps, Department of Forensic Medicine, The London
Hospital Medical College PART II
NOTHING IS NEW
The present problems, at the moment unappreciated by many, are in the main legal and ethical and will no doubt be resolved by the law. The present confused situation is at least in part due to modern resuscitation, or maybe to the re-examination of the old techniques, which followed upon "the development of precise methods for evaluating pulmonary function" (Conroe-Artificial Respiration). This review has, in its turn, resulted in the re-assessment of traditional methods of artificial respiration and, in some cases, their replacement by what might be called "modern" techniques, were it not for the fact that "nothing is new." Reference to Kings II, Ch. 4, will show:
(v. 19). "And he said unto his father-My head! My head! And he said to the lad carry him to his mother ". he sat on her knees and then died."
(v. 34). "He went and lay upon the child and his mouth his mouth, his eyes upon his eyes, and his hands upon his hands , and he stretched himself upon the child and the flesh of the child waxed warm."
(v. 35). "Then he returned and walked into the house to and fro and went up and stretched himself upon him- and the child seven times and the child opened Its eyes."
This is classical description of modern mouth-tomouth resuscitation and it is no accidental coincidence for, in Kings 1, Ch. 17:
(v. 21). "And he stretched himself upon the child three times . .. "
(v. 22). " . .. and the soul of the child came into him again and he revived."
From this there can be no doubt that the word "final" is highly relevant, and that it will apply even more to cardiac massage. Yet to "final" must also be added "irreversible," as will be seen later. The following case is illustrative:
CASE 1:
"A man was admitted to hospital for gastrectomy-the operation was successfully completed and he was returned to the ward. A short time later he collapsed from cardiac arrest. External cardiac massage was immediately carried out, without result-direct massage by opening the chest was done. As a result, the heart started and severe bleeding was noticed from the abdominal drainage 9
tube. Quite properly, it was decided to operate again, and it was then found that, as a result of the pressure used in cardiac massage, there was a severe rupture of the liver, which was repaired. In spite of this he died.
".At the inquest, the coroner asked the patholOgIst the cause of death and the reply was that it depended upon when he died, i.e., when the cardiac arrest occurred or after the repair of the liver. The coroner correctly decided the latter, and that the cause of death was the ruptured liver."
CASE 2:
"Following the Christmas holiday, work on an artesian well was recommenced at the Zoological Gardens. On removing the covers in the 'pit,' the workers, who had failed to take precautions entirely, collapsed and died of carbon dioxide poisoning. Two keepers in the Reptile House, who went to their rescue, also collapsed and, whilst one died, the other survived, remaining unconscious for a year. He ultimately died of a respiratory infection and, at an autopsy, was found to have complete degeneration of his central nervous system, including optic atrophy.
"It is still a matter of investigation as to whether this was due to irreversible anoxia or specifically carbon dioxide poisoning, but since then two cases of recovery ha ve shown retinal changes which appear to be permanent."
From this it can be seen that, on the basis of the survival of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, such cases are "alive." But the central nervous system, at some stage, is "dead." If the "mind" be part of the central nervous system, then death took place when the degenerative process was irreversible. If such a concept be accepted, then the following definition of "death" can be postulated.
"The final cessation of the vital functions as shown by irreversible changes in the central nervous system."
This does not, however, completely solve the problem of whether, having once decided that a person is "legally" dead, it is permissible to destroy the cardiovascular and respiratory systems by, for example, stopping a mechanical respirator for, unless properly defined, this could be "homicide." A more practical approach is made by Hogan, who suggests that unless some decision is taken on these lines, there may be so
(Continued on page 30)
Right: LT.-GEN. SIR WILLIAM PIKE presenting to Cadet Wayne Doiron, of Lachine, Quebec, the three millionth certificate awarded by St. John in Canada.
BelolV:
with a gU!UP of Nursing Members from Ontario wearing replzcas of the voluminous uniforms worn in 1912 at Expo '67.
" RESCUE"
"Down-Under"
By Dr. PETER BUSH
"What's the idea? What are you doing coming to a fire in whites?" Such might have been the enquiry addressed to a member of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Rescue Squad on arrival at the disastrous bush fires in Victoria, but in a few hours everyone involved in rescue work was to appreciate the imaginatioN in the design -of the uniform, which stoo@ out against the smoky blackness as a sign of rescue and help.
Having recently emigrated to Australia with my family, r have welcomed the opportunity to continue my association with the Brigade in this country. A chance meeting at the Headquarters of the Australian Medical Association with the Chief Commissioner of the Priory, Sir Kingsley Norris,
and the Chief Surgeon for Victoria, Dr. A. W. Burton, was my first introduction to St. John in Australia. Through the kindness of Mr. Taylor Young I was able to meet the members of the District Staff and it was not long before I received an invitation to become Divisional Surgeon to the Waverley-Camberwell Division. This provided me with my first introduction to the rescue squads, an integral part of the Brigade organisation in Australia.
Four years ago, District Officer M. D. Phelan , who was at the time Divisional Superintendent of the Waverley Division, conceived the idea of a highly trained mobile squad to be ready for service at a moment's notice in an emergency. In the few years since then, a fully organised rescue squad organisation ha s been developed, and in any emergency these squads are ready to move in at the first call. Great service has already been rendered at the scene of bush fires and other disasters. During this last winter , a squad was called out to help in a search for students lost in snow in mountain bush country , 100 miles from Melbourne. The formation of these rescue squads ha s also served a double purpose n providing an additional incentive to Brigade members to continue their training in subjects other than First Aid. The squads are an integral part of the Civil Defence organisation, and much of their equipment is provided by the State Government for this purpose.
Planning the exercises.
Their training programme is designed to provide experience in fOfl1!-s rescue work, but the over-riding consIderatIOn IS that a rescue worker who is unable to provide first aid. for victims of disasters under AustralIan condItIons, does not provide a complete service. a highly trained first-aider renders IllS knowledge useless unless he can reach his patient, who may be lost in thick shoulder-high undergrowth in untra cked country, surrounded by bush. fires, at the foo t of a cliff, or pinned under a vehIcle or machinery. Consequently, training ence in compass navigation and map clIff climbing, and the use of mobIle for moving vehicles, Tirfor , and for extncatlO? of cas ualties from within or under crashed vehIcles, Portapower. In addition, squad expected to be experienced .in radio .commulllcatlOn tech niques , highly trained m fi.rst aId and stretcher bearing, including rigging flymg foxes and other equipment to carry casualties across natural hazards.
Several weekend training camps have been held, a nd recently I was privileged to be invited to participate in one of these. This was held at the permanent Brigade Training Centre, Doug;las Donald Training Camp at Yarra JunctIOn, 43 mIles from Melbourne, where the participating squads set up camp on Friday evening. The permanent buildings on the site provided a mess room and sleeping accommodation for the District Staff, a lecture hall and a shower and toilet block. The squads were camped in and a temporary radio control point was establIshed. ThIS weekend camp had been designed for also as a competition between the 13 partlcipatmg squads. The programme was prepared to cover all facets of rescue squad training.
Friday p.m. Establish camp.
Saturday 8 a.m. General parade and uniform inspection. Stretcher drill. Vehicle na (short distance) and casualty locatIOn (on foot) and simple first a id.
Saturday p.m Rigging flying foxes. Use of Tirfor and Portapower equipment. Rooftop rescue using ladders.
Saturday evening. Night exercise. Simulated aircraft crash. Prior to sunset, squads leave camp site, climb to top of mountain: form a search line then descend other SIde and locate mas's casualties Return trip with treated casualties after dark. On return to camp , films of previous exercise and other first aid training films.
Sunday 8 a.m. General parade and Short period of drill. DemonstratlOn of ( Continu ed on page 14)
ST. JOHN in action Down-Und
r, Waverley and Camb
No.1
escue Squ.ad are presented with the Camp Competition Cu.p by District Offi ce r M. D. Phelan.
Cliff r esc u e trainin g.
D e monstration of Tirfor e quipm e nt for mo v in g wr ecked ve hicl es
SAliURDAY AFTERNOON
By Muriel B. King
How quickly it came around. Yes, Saturday afternoon again, but with a difference. Instead of going home from the office as usual, I purchased a ticket from the Bank Underground station and made my way to West London and the sports ground. Here football, rugger and hockey were all to be played on this sharply cold, frosty midwinter afternoon.
There were four of us on duty, two men and two nurses, all qualified first-aiders. The men were invaluable for they not only brought the ambulance with them but dealt with all the "on the spot" treatments and did any lifting and carrying from the ground to the first aid room.
The different teams were already arriving and the u$ual good-natured banter was being exchanged. Our first aid room is situated at the end of a corridor opening out almost on to the playing fields. At the other end of the same corridor are the men's bathrooms and changing rooms, and it was not long before the rumbustious tread of the colourfully clad teams was to be heard as they trooped along past our door.
We 1ir$t-aiders thought it judicious to keep out of sight for the time being, for who knew what thoughts might stir uneasily in the mind of a footballer as he caught sight of our uniformed figures, waiting. Waiting for what?
PREPARING FOR ACTION
In any case there was work to be done. "Pam," I suggested, "if you get the camp bed prepared, I'll see to the table." There was no time to spare, for the teams were beginning to round up.
Pam quickly disappeared to find water for the kettle (we had no running water). She spent the next ten minutes filling hot water bottles and checking the camp bed. This she covered with a blanket, placing on top a mackintosh sheet to protect it from the mud the players invariably brought in with them. This particular afternoon would prove no exception. Although it had rained during the morning, the ground was still hard from several days of dry, frosty weather. This meant, as we all knew, plenty of mud and, possibly, injuries from the hard ground.
I proceeded to set the table with the medical requirements from the store cupboard. Out came the huge glass jars containing sterilised cotton wool balls, lint, and gauze, then a variety of bandages, plasters, lotions, antiseptic creams, etc., together with small empty receptables. These I laid neatly in rows, ready to pick up at a moment's notice. Lastly came the instruments. They were set side by side in a shining row; it was a display to be proud of.
THE FIRST "VICTIM"
Our first patient walked in on his own two feet. He was a very tall man, dark and nice looking. We could see immediately that he was bleeding from the mouth. He looked at me with anxious eyes . "Do you think, nurse," he asked, "that you could put it back? It's only just happened and if you were quick " His voice trailed away. He held up his hand and I saw, clutched between a forefinger and thumb, his front tooth.
I sat him down, gave him a mouth wash and then examined the damage. A torn lip, a missing tooth and three others loose. "I'm afraid," I said, "that we'll have to take a trip to the hospital." The afternoon's work had really begun.
The door suddenly burst open. An out-of-breath footballer stood there. I looked hard. It was difficult to see where mud ended and he began. "Just stop the bleeding, nurse, will you? I must get back to the game, quickly." He panted away, refused a seat and pointed to his leg. Somebody's spiked boot had torn a four-inch strip of flesh from it. It was streaming with blood. "Wait a minute, wait a minute," I urged, for his impatience was terrible. Somehow we managed to clean him up and dress the wound temporarily. "Come in after the match," we instructed, "it needs further attention." He was out of the room in a flash , bent only on getting back to the game. Pam and I exchanged looks. 11en!
A little later on we had our second hospital case. The two men carried him in on the stretcher "A fractured leg by the look of it" one of them said. Our patient was in pain but trying hard not to show it. We carefully carried out the examination, applying the rules as we had been taught. Yes, we agreed, it was a fracture, of the right tibia we thought.
We all four carried out our stretcher drill , and loaded him into the ambulance. Off to the hospital again, with Pam inside to keep an eye on the casualty and get particulars of his circumstances. Had he come by car? Was there anyone to drive it home for him? Could we telephone his relatives? As it turned out we were able to collect him frorn the hospital ourselves, in our own ambulance, twoand-a-half hours later, when X-rays had been taken and the leg set in plaster.
NON·STOP
We didn't stop that afternoon; one after the other, we must have treated a dozen or more injuries. At last, however, the whistles started blowing as each game finished, the light began to fail, and we knew that now it was only a matter of
(Continued on page 33 )
C AD ETS MADE TOYS FOR CHIL DR EN IN HOSPITAL. About fourteen cadets of the Blackbird L eys Di visio.n mCl:de a pile of cuddly toys fo r children in th e Churchill and Saldes hospital s In .Oxford : The t oys we re handed o ve r to Sister Edna Simmons of the Churchtll hospital. The Divisiona l Superintendent, Mrs. B etty Pott er, said: "T h e cadets go ing in for the handicraft badge and we th ought it lvou ld be a ntce tl7lng If the toys they had t o make could add to the hospital's chi ldr en's chee r. " Nursing Cadet Linda Hi ggs hand ed ove r the toys, of whIch she had made ten. Oxford fail
NORFOLK
R U BY MU RR AY, the singing star, made time during a ve ry tight schedule to visit the St J ohn Ambulance First Aid post on the promenad e at Mundesley. In addition to seeing some of the new Di vis!on al Offi ce r Mrs. W. l effries told h e r about some of the casualtzes had been dealt with at th e post during the season. MISS Murray ob VIOus ly enjoyed h e r visit-and th e "cu ppa."
"Rescue"-cont. from page II
advanced cliff rescue techniques on dangerous cliff face.
Sunday p.m. Demonstration of C.D. respirators in smoke-filled enclosure.
Sunday 4 p.m. De-briefing by Staff Officers.
Emu parade .
My interest was sustained throughout the whole weekend, although my personal contribution was in the field of first aid and casualty simulation. For the vehicle navigation exercise on Saturday morning , squads were required to search for hikers lost in the bush in a specified area of heavily wooded country . Only one squad failed to navigate their vehicle to the specified starting point ; the remainder reached their destination and then had to attend to minor injuries, sprains, bruises, cuts, etc.
The culminating event of the day was the night exercise. Having prepared 18 cadets (who were in camp for the entire weekend to be used as casualties for the various exercises) with a variety of simulated injuries, fractures, burns, and wounds in different sites, including two corpses, the adjudicating party set off with the casualties for the incident site. The hill, which had previously been pointed out to me, up which we were to climb, and over the top of which the casualties were to be placed, commenced with a gentle slope. This soon changed into a stiff climb with a gradient of 1 in 4 for half a mile, and I was made to realise how essential physical fitness was in the training of the rescue squads. In the special manual of training for rescue squads, a series of 14 weeks' graduated exercises is provided, ranging from arm swinging and alternate toe touching in the first week, to Cossack jumps in the fourteenth week. Experience of the hill climb for this exercise made me realise very forcibly and rapidly that occasional gentle family tennis, and driving round my practice in a car, were hardly adequate training for rescue squad work! However, we climbed 1,500 feet in threequarters of a mile through heavy scrub country, and then had a brief respite for sustenance before positioning our cadet casualties.
By the time this was completed (and a snake rapidly and efficiently despatched) the teams of rescue squad searchers were just appearing over the top of the mountain. A long line oflights, appearing over the brow of the hill, was a sight I shall not easily or quickly forget-fascinating and inspiring88 highly trained volunteers ready to cope with any emergency they found.
The first-aiders rapidly set to, and I was able to inspect the treated casualties, tied to stretchers on a path at the top of the hill prior to their setting off on the descent to camp. When all casualties had been found, treated and inspected, I set off for base, and was able to overtake them all on the downward journey in time to inspect in more detail, under a good light, the fi Fst aid treatment of 14
the casualties on their return to base. My final assessment was that all the casualties had been treated very adequately, and that under disaster conditions , these rescue squads were able to give an excellent account of themselves, and were a great credit to the great organisation to which we all belong, despite the fact that certain comments on the indi vidual treatment of the various casualties were not considered inopportune.
The high standard of the treatment of casualties has been the experience on the occasions when rescue squads have been called in to the scene of bush fires and other disasters in Victoria. "The White Cross ," the journal of the Brigade in Victoria, reported in a recent issue:
" On the first Wednesday of the dis as trous Gippsland fires , the No. 1 Rescue Squad of the Waverley-Camberwell Division , St. John Ambulance Brigade arrived in the area to operate initially from Glenal a dale. In their cle an white uniforms they represented to the hardened local fire-fighters just another city crowd trying to cash in on the glory.
"It took about 24 hours to change this attitude. Working day and night, they carried food and medical supplies right into the fires and provided a badly needed boost to morale.
"While every other organisation was working on a shift basis , the rescue squad was on the job all day, every day
"The members averaged about two hours' sleep each night and often this was forfeited to find and bring back a casu alty.
" ... The next day was one which will be remembered as Black Wednesday. Experienced fire-fighters and local residents would never again speak of the horror of the 1939 fires.
" This year's were far more tragic with regard to property loss , but although hundreds of homes were destroyed, not one life was lost-surely a tri bute to the Rescue Service
" ... 'The Pictorial Standard' of Gippsland , in their March issue, paid an excellent tribute:
" 'The only feature which outshone the splendidly attired st. John's Ambulance Brigade members , was the quiet efficiency _ of their organisation and of those who worked beside them'. "
Classified rates are 9d. per word, minimum lOs. , for non trade advertisements (such as members' uniforms for sale, holiday accommodation offered bv St. John members) and Is. per word, minimum ISs., for Trade advertisements. Box number 2s. 6d. extra.
Other advertisement rates are:
Full page 50 gns. Quarter page 14 gns.
Half page 26 gns. One-eightih page 8 gns.
Discount of 5 per cent for three; 7! per cent for six; 10 per cent for nine and 15 per cent for twelve insertions-other combinations subject to agreement.
A DRAMATIC SEQUENCE
A sudden explosion
The hunting lodge disintegrated St. J ohn to the r escue Situation under control
Following an inspection of a St. John First Aid Post at Expo and a luncheon , everyone returned to the Place des Nations to find the scene had changed dramatically.
On two sides of the open area demonstrations of First Aid and Home Nursing were being conducted by members with commentary over the public
address system, describing in English and French what was taking place.
In the centre of the parade ground was a mysterious-looking hunting ca bin. Then without warning, there was a puff of smoke from the cabin and a loud explosion.
The cabin disintegrated an d four apparently badly burned men crawled out of the wreckage.
Four Firs t Aid Teams (one each from Industry , the Canadian Armed Forces , St. John Ambulance Divisions and St. John Nursing Divisions) rushed to the spot. Each took charge of a casualty and gave the necessary first aid. A running commentary of the te am treatment being carried out was given by a fifth member of the te am . It was a most impressive de iTIo nstr at ion and reality was maintained throughout by the high calibre of casualty simulation a nd the efficient manner in which the casualties were treated.
The Divisional Superintendent
By C.S.O. Watkin W. Williams, Buckinghamshire
"The Queen said with great decision, 'Nobody can do two things at once'."
("Through the Looking-glass," with apologies to Lewis Carroll)
Note: This is a resume of a talk given at a training course held in Buckinghamshire last year.-EDIToR.
Something very odd seems to have happened to my copy of "Through the Looking-glass." I took it upstairs the other night to read in bed, meaning to hunt up al} the quotations that appear on the programme. Of course I started with the one that heads this session; but when I found it, it all seemed somehow different. It was a very old copy of the first edition of the sixpenny series of Lewis Carroll's works, published in 1898, with lovely illustrations by Tenniel. Perhaps some of Carroll's magic still survived, and I had somehow got through the looking-glass myself. Anyway, listen to what I read, and you can judge for yourselves.
"It's all in Brigade Regulations," the White Queen said with great decision: "nobody can do two things at once, you know."
"I suppose that's why you never think while you're talking," snapped the Red Queen.
Then, turning to Alice, she added more kindly:
"You must excuse her; she means well, but she can't help saying foolish things, as a general rule What she really means is that nobody can do the work of half a dozen people all at once. Nobody can be a good Divisional Superintendent and at the same time do most of the work of the Secretary and the Treasurer, and do without N.C.O.s and an Advisory Committee - and a Storekeeper and a Duty Organiser, and plan the programmes and carry out the training single-handed."
"If Nobody can really do all that," said the White Queen admiringly, "he must be very clever."
" Nobody is," replied the Red Queen, darkly.
I think I must have dozed off for a few minutes at this stage, for the next thing that I can remember is that I was reading quite a different part of the book-but more about that later.
Of course there is a great deal in what the Red Queen said. The Division is the basic unit of the Brigade, and the Divisional Superintendent is the mainspring of the Division. On his leadership and inspiration depends whether the Division will succeed or fail. He is personally responsible for everything done in the Division, everything done by the Division, and everything connected with the Division--except the technical training which is the responsibility of his Divisional Surgeon and Nursing Officer, with whom he must co-operate in the closest possible way.
The resp(msibility of a eannot be exaggerated. He is responsible to the Brigade and to his Commissioner; he is responsible to his · 16
Members, and he is responsible to the general public. But just because his responsibility is so great, that is no reason why he should carry out every detail of the administration himself, even if he feels-and sometimes perhaps rightly-that things would get done more easily, more quickly and more efficiently if he did.
Don't tell me that what I am saying to you, ami what I am going to recommend to you, is impossible to achieve. I know it is.
"Ah, but a man's reach should exceed his grasp, Or what's a heaven for?"
During my 26 years' membership of the Brigade (a much shorter time than some of you here present have served), I have been a Divisional Superintendent for close on 20 years, and I have no illusions about what I have tried and failed to do. But I also know what I have been aiming at, and what we are all aiming at, and I am absolutely convinced that the poet Browning was right in saying that if we are even partially to succeed, we must always be reaching beyond our grasp.
Responsibility, then, though it cannot be shed, must as far as possible be delegated . If a Division is to have any "life," all its members must have their individual jobs, for which each one is individually chosen because of his own personal suitability, his interests, his temperament, and his age -whether young or old. It is among the first duties of the Superintendent to see that:
1. He has a full complement of Officers and N.C.O.s to complete establishment, and that he uses them;
2. He has a Secretary and a Treasurer, and, having trained them in their jobs, trusts them to get on with them;
3. In a larger Division, he has a member responsible for arranging Public Duties, and another responsible for looking after stores and uniforms, another who concentrates on press relationships and pUblicity, and others who are the acknowledged leaders and specialists in each of the various activities in which the Division takes part-setting up First Aid Posts, casualty simulation, hospital work, transport work, and so on;
4. He gives a fair proportion of these responsibilities to the younger members the Division, according to their interests and suitabiTity;
5. He establishes a tradition that none of these responsibilities are held by anyone member for ever, and that it is no disgrace or "loss of face" to hand them over to someone so that no activity of the Division becomes stagnant, hidebound or set in a groove;
6. He watches, guides and helps all these people when they need it, but gives them no cause to feel that in so doing he is restricting their freedom of action or curbing their initiative. Of course there will be times when he feels that they have let him down. Of course there will be times when they make mistakes. But haven't you and I made plenty of mistakes in our time? I know that I have, and I leave you to find your own answer.
"If you never make a mistake in life," said the Red Queen (I mean the Red Queen in my book), "you'll never make anything."
And now, Liaison, which is the Superintendent's next most important duty. By far the most important liaison is that between Cadet and Adult Divisions, and I'm personally convinced that in this respect many of us fail very badly indeed, and that this is one of the prime causes of Cadet leakage and of our waning numbers. Every Adult Division should try to have a direct link with a Cadet Division, and vice versa. The Superintendent of each should be a frequent and welcome visitor to the other, and to a lesser extent this exchange of visits should apply to other members of each Division. If this is done, then there will be no gulf between the Cadet and the Adult Divisions; no Cadet need ever feel that he is parting from friends or going to strangers when he crosses the line at his 16th birthday: the transition becomes natural, because it is scarcely felt. But what of the Division that he enters? Does it satisfy his hopes? Does it fulfil his longing for adventure? Does it give him some responsibility that he, even at his age, can carry? If the answer to any of these questions is " No," then we have got to rebuild our house, right from the foundations.
The second most important liaison is with Nursing Divisions-that is, if the Division is not in the happy state of being a Combined Division already. The natural unit in life is the family, in which members of all ages and both sexes work together on tasks which vary according to their age, inclinations and ability, but in which all are happily, adventurously and purposefully occupied for the good of the whole family. The wise Superintendent will try to ensure that the Brigade family is not divorced, that its children are not strangers to their elders, and that, because it is a happy family, it draws its friends into an everwidening family circle, and that the average age of the whole group remains static, even though every individual member becomes a year older at each birthday.
The third liaison is with the Brigade outside the local family unit-the Area, the County, and 17
the Brigade nationally and overseas. Regular attendance or representation at Area or County meetings, visits to other Divisions, joint activities (both social and competitive), prompt passing on of information to all those for whom it is intended (Area notices, County and Brigade Orders, and so forth), encouraging the reading of the "Review," films, overseas visits, pen-paIs-all these help towards this end.
And the last important liaison is with the families of our members and the wider circle of the general public. The latter is particularly important from the recruitment point of view, for the wider are the human contacts of the Divisional Superintendent, the better recruited his Division will be. But above all it is part of his duty to know the families of his individual membersand this applies to Adult no less than to Cadet Divisions-for it is only when he has an intimate knowledge of each one of his members in relation to their families, their work, their interests and their friends that he can hope to become the "guide, philosopher and friend" that each one of them needs to find in their leader and head if the Division is to pulsate with life and health.
These are just some of the thoughts that passed through my mind when "Through the Lookingglass" slipped from my hands and lay discarded on the bedspread
"W here's your programme?" asked the Red Queen, sharply.
"I haven ' t got one," replied Alice, apologetically.
"If you ha ven' t got a programme, you can't change it," said the Red Queen with a snort.
"But why should I want to change it?" asked Alice.
"How should I know? Don't ask stupid questions , child. But people always want to change their plans sooner or later , and you can't change something that doesn't exist, so you had better get a programme quickly."
Programme planning is an essential responsibility of the Divisional Superintendent, and I can say with absolute confidence that the planning and preparation of programmes takes, on the average, at least as long as the time involved in carrying them out-that is, if they are going to be worth carrying out at all. If you find yourself in a jam, you may be able to succeed in running one meeting with what you have up your sleeve; you may possibly just be able to get away with it twice; but you won't succeed the third time. And in my experience the most pathetic thing to find, when looking in on Divisions, is that quite dearly no definite programme has been prepared at all, or that some discussion or quiz, which might possibly fill a IS-minute gap in a properly prepared programme, has been spun out to last a whole evening. I sometimes feel lost in admiration for the loyalty and devotion of the members who "(Continued on page 34)
Developing Ideas
BY MICHAEL S. FAULKNER, NORTH BELFAST AMBULANCE DIVISION
The almos t complete failure of the long-awaited Recruiting Year should have at least one lesson for all members of the Brigade. The lesson is that the image of the St. John Ambulance Brigade is not sufficiently attractive to bring into this form of Voluntary Service the type and number of p eo ple which we so urgently require.
WHAT HAVE WE TO OFFER ?
It is my belief that this problem cannot be solved by an exercise in Public Relations , although this is certainly an aspect which could be greatly improved, but rather by a long, hard look at what the Brigade is offering potential recruits, in terms of what other outlets for voluntary service have to aive. I do not believe that people ju st do not to know about voluntary service; this is an answer all too convenient for the more venerable members of the Brigade who can by invoking it lay the blame for the inadequacies of our organisation on some mysterious shift in social habit s, or simply on the inexplicable vagaries of "T he Younger Generation."
If this were a true explanation one would reasonably expect to find the same acute shortage in organisations such as V.S.O., I.V.S. and the host of other Community Service bodies, yet thi s is simply not the case.
What then is the explanation?
I fumly believe that we in the Brigade are failing to give a taste of adventure, we are failing to provide the ex citement which is so very necessary for people of 18 to 21 years. We are so complacent, so very genteel and nice, so insufferably boring, that unless we change our methods of training, and, indeed, our whole way of thought very drastically , we shall shortly find ourselves with our nice Victorian superstructure and no people in it to do the work, and the trouble is we might not even notice.
IMPROVE THE IMAGE-EXPAND INTERESTS
Now, some people do have very good ideas indeed for improving the Brigade and making it much more attractive, but very few of these ever seem to come to fruition.
One which did was the employment of Radio Communications in London. This immediately added another interesting dimension to the dreary world of First Aid and Home Nurs i ng. I wonder, however, how many ideas are hesitantly put forward, and immediately dismissed because the individual to whom it is communicated uses only his personal judgment to assess the merits of the -18
suggestion. It is obvious that this is a most wa s teful process, destructive of initiative and repres siv e to originality. Surely a much more effective system is the notion of trying out new ideas on a limited scale to see if a particular idea works, and what modifications it requires. This would involve the Brigade in using the Experimental Method, a method which science, includin g the Behavi oural Sciences such as Ps yc hol ogy, has foun d most at isfactory.
EVALUATING IDEAS
The procedure for this method 1S relatively simple. First of all, the mechanism for bringing sugge stions to the attention of those in a position to evaluate them must be very liberally lubricated, and widely advertised within the Brigade, perhaps by a me ssage in Brigade Order s.
A number of experimental divisions sh o uld then be set up , taking volunteer from their own divisio ns only for the duration of a particular investigation. The new idea sh o uld then be tested with the experimental divi ion s for a period of month s, and the results objectively examined.
Let us see how thi s would work on a concrete example. Let u s suppose that I put forward the suggestion that learning can be accelerated and impr oved by the careful employment of Visual Aids. I put a suggestion to my Area Staff Officer , who will then be obliged to pass it on to the District Staff Officer with re sponsi bility for the experimental division . The idea would be discussed fully at District level , and the more obvious objections and modifications made. An experimental plan would then be made. Then a Firs t Aid course employing a lot of visual aids, films, etc., would be given to the experimental division over six weeks and then an examination carried out by a panel of doctors who would carefully mark and assess the candidates. Simultaneously, a control division would be given a more traditional course over eight weeks, and an identical examination, marking and assessment, would be carried out.
It is important that the candidates for the examination be mixed up from the two classes and that the examiners should not know which class each candidate attended This procedure eliminates the possibility of bias on the part of the examiners
The two sets of results would then be compared and if it were found that the Visual Aids Class had obtained significantly better results, this would justify further research into the matter at Brigade H.Q. level.
This is only one simple example of how
(Continued on facing page)
" BINGO! "
Christmas Fair, organised by the Countess Beauchamp in the Guildhall , Worcester, raised the amazing total of £2,588 14s. 1d.
Perhaps the most extraordinary thing about the affair is the small amount of expenses to be deducted from this total. Only £26 16s. 6d. had to be paid out. For this we are indebted to the generosity of frien ds who paid for the printing, arranged for free advertisements, an d in other ways.
Mr. Godfrey Winn, a native of our county, very kindly ca me to open the Fair for u s, an d was kept very busy autograp hin g hi photograph s for sa le He a lso br ought with him , and raffled a copy of hi s recently published a utobiography.
Developing Ideas-cont.
experimental techniques could be u sed to draw valuable conclusions and to evaluate ideas. Similar techniques could be evolved to deal with the problems of awkwardness which beset the new recruit in the Division.
Other fields which are in most urgent need of attention are Officer selecti on and administration.
It i almost a truism to say that an idea need to be supported by practical experience before it is likely to be accepted, and the Brigade today is urgently in need of all the innovati on s and u sef ul suggest ions which it can get.
The money expended on Recruiting Year would, I feel, have been much better spe nt on a Development Year, during which we could have investigated why the Brigade is relatively unattractive, and we could then have taken steps t o remedy the situation.
We could learn a great deal from the Boy Scout Movement's Advance Party Report , which involved a careful revaluation of the role of Sco uting in today's world, and produced a report which has been of inestimable value to the Scouts.
I would suggest that the day for a "St. John Ambulance Brigade Advance Party" is long, long overd ue. To pretend that nothing has changed in the last 50 years, and that we can continue to bury o ur heads in the sand and let the world go by, is going to bring the Brigade to a rapid and inglorious extinction, when it has a most valuable role in today's world and that of tomorrow Please let us use a little imagination.
NOTE.-Although the " R ev i ew" has a compa rati vely small circulation it r eaches a ve ry wide audience all over the world and therefore is an id ea l vehide in. exchanging ideas so that th ey reach as many p eop l e as possible. The Llse of Visual A ids in trainin g is b e in g very th o r ough l y developed at Headquarters bllt it is ge ttin g peopl e t o us e th e m that poses a probl em They are expe nsi\ 'e and a loan system, excep t On a limit ed scale is not practical. Every Division. should hav e a fund-raising m e mb er (p re'ferably an au x iliary) so that th ey can hav e th e ir own basic essential visual this m embe r could also "flog " th e " Revie w." It is hop ed to hav e one issu e of the maga z in e, probably in Jun e, which will be devoted large l y to v isual aids. - EDIToR.)
19
FIRST AID FOR ROAD USERS
Three important new 35mm colour fi Imstri ps, and five important new 8mm Single Concept Cassettes produced in line with the new manual. Ask for them now. Please send me on approval sale or return those items I have indicated: Fir st Aid for Road Users, Fi Imstrips D Cassettes D First Aid for Fractures, Filmstrips D Cassettes D Advanced First Aid, Fi Imstr ips D Irrigation of the Eye , Fi Imstrip D Cassette D Administration of Drugs , Fi Imstrip D Cassettes D Industrial Safety , Fi Imstrips D Cassettes D Resusc itation of the Newborn, Filmstrip D First Aid at Home, Filmstr ip D Anatomy and Ph ysio logy, Filmstrip series D Birth, Filmstrip D Emergency Obstetrics, Filmstrip D Human Development-Growth, Filmstrip D Poisoning (Home Safety 4), Filmstrip D Please send me a Mini Minolta 35mm Filmstrip Projector on approval D Please send me an 8mm Single Concept Projector on approval D Camera Talks ltd., 31 North Row, london W1.
NAME: ADDRESS:
OCCUPATION : DATE
UGANDA
MR. JOHN KINTU, Headquarters Officer in Kampala, giving a demonstration to some of the student nurses at the hospital in M eg.o.
AIR BORNE
MEMBERS of the Brigade in Surrey who recently qualified for their air attendance certificate. Pi cture shows left to righ t: D / S Ernest Jones, N / 0 Mrs. Bessie Eldred, Course In structor Mr. David Cheeseman and D /Sec Eric Tilley. These four members have between them completed 73 years' service with the Brigade and are members of the Walton Oatlands Division. Since the Brigade in this l ocality took to th e air, their major headache is to find somewhere to ga ra ge their ambulance. Surrey Herald
HISTORIC OCCASION
DR Z. N. PANOS , Director of Medical Services, Cyprus, Commissioner of the Brigade, presented cert ificates at Dhekelia at an historic occasion when the first comb in ed Cadet division was form ed in the sovereign base.
HORNSEY OPERATIC & DRAl\1ATIC SOCIETY (AMATEUR) By arrangement with CHAPPELL & CO. LTD.
Spring 1968 Production
In Aid of St. John Ambulance Brigade London (prince of Wales's) District TUESDAY, MARCH 5, AT 7.30 p.m.
HALF A SIXPENCE
A Musical Play based on the Novel "KIPPS" by H. G. WELLS Music and Lyrics by DAVID HENEKER Book by BEVERLEY CROSS
Tickets 15/- to 5/-. Cheques, etc., payable to "London District, S.J.A.B." FrOl1'l District H.Q., 29, Weymouth Street, London W.l. Tel. Langham 6762
This is the second year that the H.O.D.S. has given a performance in Aid of District Funds
ACTION
Devon
"FLIGHT WAS a favourite but only his rider took off." This was the heading for tIVO pictures which appeared in the "Herald and Express" last year showing one of several mishaps at the Donkey D erby held at Labrador in aid of R.A.F. charities. Picture shows Rosemary Brow n, another jockey who parted company with her mount, receiving a helping hand from the Briga de w h o we re there as usual.
Herald and Expre ss
Dorset
PICTURE SHOWS Mr. R. A. Jam es, S.E.N., who Itas put in ma,ny hours of as a First A ide!' at the cal71p at Pool e In Dors et. ThiS picture was sent In with Mr James's r ep ly to the questionnaire in the Jun e isslle of the "Review" to illustrate hi s particular wish for more, and a gre ater va ri et y of, action pictures, witlt which the Editor heartily agrees. It so happened that this snapshot was fairly sharp and well exposed but 0/1 the whole amateur pictures don' t reproduce well, and IInless they are of exceptional general interest it is too expensive to have them copied by a professional. So please remember when sending in pictures, take a close look at them and make up your mind, fairly, whether or not you wou ld print them if you were the Editor of a journal or a newspaper.
Uniforms 1968
St. John uniform-a part from being distinctive- has always been admired as being extremely smart. But any garment to be really smart must fit and it is no use growling at Stores. I have seen some of the forms sent in and I am amazed at their powers of deco ding. Some of us are not fortunate enough to be stock-size. Our shoulders hunch; our necks are longer; our shoulders are too square; our waists too short and so on. The order form allows for all these deviations from the stockman's normal and it is up to us to admit to them and take particular care in filling in the very comprehensive form. This will ensure a good fit and perhaps help to cover up our less attractive features. By the way, height is importa nt.
The drawings below show some of the features which are important-they and all the others are on the form so stand in front of a looking glass and see if any of them match the reflection.
On the whole the men's uniform has not cbanged all that much on the surface. But it is now designed to be more streamlined, made in a lighter and more comfortable material. The white hat band is now made of plastic as is the haversack. The leather belt has been discarded and replaced by a cloth one, and the waterbottle now fits neatly into the haversack.
All ranks (both sexes) now have a smart Terylene and cotton shower-proof coat with a quilted nylon detachable lining (page 25), cost about £9 for the coat and £2 4s. for the lining
Northern Ireland
MISS BEATRICE GIBBONS, a member of the Headquarters Transport Division, Northern Ireland, was one of the mem:bers who helped with the annual turkey tea of. the MultIple Sclerosis Society in Belfast. For this occaSlOn seven ambulances operated by this Division and four private cars transported 55 of the guests from all areas to attend this party Divisional Superintendent T. K. Smythe commanded the operati,on, to whom the grateful thanks of the Society were conveyed naturally to include the members who took part. -'Belfast T eleg raph
ment are
available from the Stores Department, Priory House, St. John s Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.Cl. Tel.: CLErkenwell 6644.
MEMBERS
Although the nursing uniform has already been featured in previous issues and it is not possible to show the really attractive silver-grey of the material, these close-ups will give some idea of the practicality of the design BasicalJy Officers and Members dresses are the same except that the Officers have a silver -buckle on the belt and, of course, the usual rank marking on black detachable shoulder straps. Nursing Officers (S.R.N.) have a grey plastic disc under their rank badges. Dress costs about £4 without badges.
READY fOR ANYTHING
(Left). New tricorn hat.
Stores now have a First Aid kit to suit every possible contingency. The one illustrated is called the "Squad Duty Outfit." Fibre glass case (approximately 12in. :x 9in. x 5in ., costing around £5 lOs ), and contains:
Contents
1 Unit Pack Adhesive Dressings (Assorted)
4 x i oz. Packets Cotton Wool
4 Small Lint Dressings No.7
4 Medium Lint Dressings No 8
2 Large Lint Dressings NO.9
1 Eye Pad
1 Spool i in. x 5 yards Plaster
1 Pair 4i in. Scissors
8 Triangular Bandages No.2
Ambulance Divisions
Members tunic and trousers
Officers tunic and trousers
Terylene cotton coat- all ranks
Quilted nylon detachable lining
Prices are exclusive of collar badges, etc., which are extra
Review by Alexander Muir, reprinted by courtesy of the "Daily Mirror"
There is a long and romantic history behind that familiar figure seen at football matches and on holiday beaches.
He is the man with the first-aid knapsack and the badge of the eight-pointed white cross denoting membership, voluntary and unpaid of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.
He is a direct descendant of the black-robed Knights of St. Jolin of the Middle Ages.
The knights were monks who protected pilgrims
on their way to shrines in Jerusalem a'nd who cared for them if they fell sick.
Despite a daunting reputation for military valour, they were finally driven out of Palestine in the 13th century by the Muslim warrior Saladin.
The St. John story is told in two new books"The Knights of St. John in the British Realm," by the late Sir Edwin King, revised by Sir Harry Luke (St. John's Gate, 50s.), and "A Good Uniform," by Joan Clifford (Robert Hale, 25s.).
International Pianist Teresa Garbulinska recital at Nunwell House
Miss Teresa Garbulinska kindly consented to give a pianoforte recital in December at Nunwell House (by kind permission of Major and Mrs. D. E. G. Oglander) in aid of funds for the st. John Ambulance Brigade.
Teresa Garbulinska was born in Poland and graduated from the Conservatoire of Cracow in 1959 with high honours. She was a student of Professor Henryk Sztompka, the famous Polish virtuoso who was an outstanding authority on the music of Chopin and a pupil of Paderewski.
In 1956 Miss Garbulinska won the first prize at the National Mozart Competition in Katowice, Poland, and has since performed in Poland, Russia , Yugoslavia, Hungary, other parts of Europe and also in the United States of America , not only giving recitals, but also as a soloist with leading orchestras. She is a frequent broadcaster on Polish
radio stations, and has also made recordings for foreign radio stations, mainly on the works of Chopin .
Miss Garbulinska has participated in many international music festivals, competitions and has toured many European countries
In the summer of 1964 she took part in the Berkshire Music Centre at Tang]ewood, Mass., U.S.A., and in the season of 1964 / 65 gave performances throughout that continent , m a inly in New York, Chicago, W as hington D .C ., Detroit an d Philadelphia. She also broadcast whilst there.
Miss Garbulinska's favourite composers are: Bach, Mozart, Chopin, Debussy and among American composers , Samuel Barber.
Miss Garbulinska is the house guest of Mr. and Mrs. Pearson of Binstead Hall, Binstead.
OLD COMRADES
Leicestershi re
LEICESTERSHIRE old comrades' annual club dinner, held at Brigade headquarters in Regent Road, Leicester. Picture shows : "Pat" Bosworth, Mr. W. A. Cotton, Miss E. R.obinsem, Mr. 1. Bliss, Mrs. M. S i bfey, Mr. 1 H. Cragg , Miss E. Sansom, Mr. A. Chamberlain and Miss D. Poole
PRESENTATIONS AND AWARDS
TUNBRIDGE WELLS NURSING C ADET DIVISION at their Annual In spection last year who were presented w ith their Road and Home Safety Certificates. Left to right: D iane
ll , Margaret
et,
and Angela Kirk. They are seen with County Staff Officer Mrs. 1. G. Houchin.
MISS FUNG , a dentalnllrse froll7 Hong Kong, pictured with members of the Beccles Nllrsing Division. Mi s Fling has been in England for nearly two yea rs and she is the first girl from H ong K ,ong t o become a dental surgery assistant in {liis co untr y. As a souveni r of her stay in Beccles she \Vas presented with a crested powder compact, and in return the members of the Beccles S .l. A.B. Division were treated t o an authentic C hin ese meal, cooked by Miss Fung h erse lf.
ST. JOHN NOIJSE IS YOIJR CllJB
Meet YOUI fllends .nd ,IIIe youl p.,tles t/tele
Full particulars from: The Warden, St. John House, 56 Eaton Place, London, S.W.1 Telephone: BELgravia 2732
Russe
Hall
R owena Anderson
Tunbridge Wells Advertiser
A Matter of "Life and Death"-cont. from p. 9
many respirators "tied up" that those who might benefit would not be able to do so.
So far, the whole argument may have appeared too theoretical but the issues are, in fact, more practical consequences, as can be seen by the following case:
CASE 3:
"One Saturday evening at 11 p.m., as a result of an assault, a man called Potter sustained a fractured base of the skull from falling backwards and striking his head on the pavement. He was admitted to hospital and blood-clot from the surface of the brain was removed. His wife was told that he should be all right. At about 11 a.m., on the Sunday morning, his respiration ceased, and an artificial respirator maintained his breathing. A further operation showed no further bleeding. At 6 p.m. his wife was asked permission for a kidney to be removed to transplant into the body of another man whose previous graft had failed. To this she agreed, under the impression that the kidney would be removed after death. (N.B. There is no right for a person to give consent for any operation which will benefit someone else, but only to benefit himself.) At about 11 a.m. on Monday, the unconscious man, with his heart beating, his kidneys functioning, and his breathing mechanically maintained, was taken to the operating theatre where his kidney was removed and transplanted into another person. As soon as the removal was completed, the respirator was immediat€ly stopped and his body taken to the mortuary.
"At the subsequent inquest, a verdict of manslaughter was returned against the assailant and he was committed to stand his trial. The evidence given by the surgeon was that he was dead when the f€spirator ceased (i.e., at 11 a.m. on Sunday), and, by the pathologist, that, from his findings at the autopsy, death was inevitable."
Legal opinion was quite definite that whoever stopped the respirator could be guilty of homicide. The ease was, therefore, submitted to the Magistrates who, when all the evidence, including an additional witness , had been called as to the time of death, accepted that it was when the respirator was stopped and dismissed the case on a submission of Novus actus.
This case has been subsequently reviewed in the "Medico-Legal Journal" in which Sir Russell Brock: eminent cardiac surgeon, is quoted as follows:
"at least the heart and respiration must cease and not be capable of revival before life is extinct "
It is also said that there can be no distinction between medical and legal death, and the ultimate 30
decision must lie with the doctor, which, to quote an eminent judge in connection with medical evidence "MIGHT LEAD TO TRIAL BY DOCTORS."
In any event, attention must be drawn to the "Human Tissues Act" which states definitely that the tissue must be removed by a reg istered medical practitioner who has pronounced life extinct
The Potter case may be an extreme example because it is difficult to believe that it is possi ble to state with certainty that a person suffering from a head injury is certain to die within 12 hours, although since then one surgeon has, in fact, sought permission to do the same under simi tar circumstances of impending criminal prosecuti on.
The Potter case also showed undue haste to sto p the respirator and, in fact, a little thought and more time interval would have avoided the " near contretemps" to the medical profession which occurred. It might be said, from an academic point of view, a ruling in law might have been obtained had the case gone to trial by judge and jury and the defence of Novus actus been put forward with interallied submission of "homicide" against the doctor.
"THOU SHALT NOT KILL, BUT ... "
It seems clear that herein lies a problem which requires solution and that it might lie in the direction which has been suggested, although it is clear that there must be proof stronger than just a doctor's opinion. This could be by the use of an instrument such as an electroencephalograph in the more immediate cases or, after a period of survival in which irreversible changes might be expected to occur, by a biopsy of the central nervous system. On the other hand, it may be that the solution will lie in the hands of the chemist for , as Evans has said, far too little academic research has been done on the chemistry of the body associated with death , whilst looming large on the horizon is the famous quotation of Arthur Hugh Clough quoted by Osler, "Thou shall'st not kill, but need 's t not str ive officiously to keep alive," which is still in the mind of the clinician who is relying on his clinical knowledge as his hand moves towards the switch which controls the respirat or, as against the feeling of the patient that there is some substance in an old statement that "Whilst there's life, there's hope"; or would it be better to leave it to Jessica Mitford in "The American Way of Death," quoting from the "F uneral Directors' Journal," that "embalming makes it quite certain you will not be buried alive"-a statement which has been only too true when, in the course of operative resuscitative measures, formal saline was injected into the blood and heart in mistake for saline.
(Continued on page 34)
CLASSIFI'ED ADVERTISEMENTS
Advertisements with remittanc e should be sent to The Advertisement D ept., The St. John "Review," 23 Pembroke Gardens, London, W.8 (to which address re pli es to Box Numb e rs should be forward ed). Rat e 9d. p er word, minimum lOs. Box numbers 2/6 extra. Trade advertisements 1/- per word, minimum 15/-.
Semi-display ad ve rtisem en ts in classified section charged at one-sixteenth pag e rat e. Pleas e note co py cannot be accepted after the 17th of the month prec eding publication date.
FOR SALE
DOllS
A limited number of dolis , dressed in Nursing Members' indoor uniform, are available from the Stores Department, Priory for Wales, 4 Cathedral Road , Cardiff, at 6s. 8d. each plus Is. 3d. postage. Twelve or more post free; please send cash with order.
SJ A.B. Badg e Wall Shields, 35s. 6d.; S.J,A.B. Gold Cased Crested Cuff Links, 57s. 6d. Medal ribbons Is. 6d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform , 2s. each ri bbon mounted on pin brooch; Regul atio n medals mounted 3s. 6d. per medal On b rooch Miniatures quoted for. - MONTAGUE JEFFERY , Ou tfitter, St. Giles Street, Northampton.
TROPHY CUPS, BAZAARS, GARDEN FETES, SPOR TS EVENTS, etc. Send for our Catalogue. FUND RAISERS, BALLOON RACES, PERFUME CARDS, FANCY GOODS, TOYS, CARNIVAL HATS, NOVELTIES, etc. Also now available LOUNGE, DINING AND BEDROOM SUITES, CARPETS , etc. ALL AT TRADE PRICES. Send for 64-page catalogue. Save £££s from Britain 's largest suppliers. SWINNERTONS OF WALSALL LTD., Dept. R.O ., Union Street, Walsall.
WHOLESALE PRICES for toys and stationery. Also pre-packed parcels: 144 6d. toys OR 72 Is. toys OR 48 Is. 6d. toys OR selection stationery. Each parcel 52s ., carriage 4s. 6d. under £3, 6s. o ver £3, free over £20. Price lists-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2a Handsworth Road, London, N.17
NO PRICE INCREASE. Through bulk buying we can still supply full length British BALL POINT PENS, diestamped in gold with your Organisation or Charity , for 5d. each. Minimum quantity one gross. Please print your slogan (maximum 30 letters) and send 60s for 144 printed pens.-I. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2a Handsworth Road, London, N.l7
GENERAL NURSING A PPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES
AUDREY ALLEN COUNTRY MARRIAGE BUREAU, POUGHILL, BUDE, CORNWALL. Nationwide, confidential. Details sent plain sealed cover, without obligation.
31
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates accepted at the age of 16 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students, Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped School of Nursing. candidates, on completion may enter the General Traming School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses' Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert Hall, Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tennis Court Active Social Club.
Applications in writing to the Matron.
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON E.C.I
Vacancies exist for STATE ENROLLED NURSES to enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing. Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing. Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board
Opportunities for promotion and practical responsibility in the specialist field of nursing.
Apply to Miss M. B. MacKellar, Matron Moorfields Eye Hospital.
Compiled by W. A Potter
THE BRITISH RED CROSS IN ACTION
Dame Beryl Oliver, G.B.E., R.R.C.
ST. JOHN REVIEW
FORM
To the Treasurer and Accountant. Order of St. J0hn, I GrosvenQr Crescent, London, S.W.I.
Please supply/renew· ST. JOHN REVIEW
commencing with the issue
I enclose 17/- for I year
Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John.
Name
Add'ess
*De/ete whichever is Inapplicable.
This story of the British Red Cross, with a foreword by Carola Oman the historian, is no mere chronicle of events listing wars and disasters, as it records the achievements of the Society in the 96 years since its formation in 1870 In a forthright manner Dame Beryl Oliver recalls the events of the Crimean War the Battle of Solferi no and the part played by Henri Dunant in founding the Red Cross. There is a stirring account of the joint activities of the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John in the two World Wars.
Sir Arthur Bryant wrote in the Sunday Times: 'This scholarly and comprehensive book-the record of the British Red Cross's share in that work and the story of how the Red Cross came into being-crowns the life labour of one of the fi nest and most self-effacing of its servants , , her book is factual accurate and immensely informative','
rgica l t rea tm en t to m inim ise r isk of in fec ti o n i n d irty l aceratio n. 10. S o lu tio n is a c orrosive i qu i d 11. How h a i r mop c a n b e u sed to re li eve p ain
12 No th ing to u se Engl is h river.
13. May occu r a t o n se t o f infe cti o u s di se ase a nd will f oll ow a fa ta l t er mina tion 14. La rg e bli s t er c on tai nin g ser um o r pu
Co m a may resu lt fro m too little or to o mu ch.
18 Not a cor d b i nding th e o rga n into the orbit!
19 Th e r u se i n p r ophy l ax i s is n o t sci e n ti fi c me d i cin e
22 . A p r e scription si gn in glad producing fl o wer y tr ibut e.
24 Rent sa line secr etion.
25 Syncope r equiring fir s t a id in t e mperature .
2 6. Immuni sing injection s prepa r ed from fluid p ar t o f -blood
29 Treatm e nt f o r inf e cted a ppendi x
30 Would a poet have p y r ex ia o f t his t y pe ?
31. F@rmed b y a third fold.
' N.B. Solutions to the January Competition Crosswords will appear in the June issue.
6.
2. Large d
3. Verte
form
a n d coccyx 4 A l one it p ro du ces high spirits.
5. Comma nd er wi th d e c
20. S yn drome of ren a l fai lure.
2 1. Re spira ti o n in 25 across.
22. Not vegeta ble gu ms 23. In fl a mm a t ory t o a Bull.
e felt in the arm.
27. I n the recor d a mai d en has n o fig u re
2 8 Greed y D av id l oses h is firs t p enn y
33 Get the "REVI EW"
Saturday Afternoon-cont. from page 12 re-dressings and d ea lin g with min or cu ts and bruises.
A sh ort while later we heard the tr a mp of heavy feet as, once again, the teams filed past our room, this time covered in mud , but oh, so happy, singing at the tops of their voices. They sang through their ablutions and great billows of steam rolled down the corridor.
We packed up our room then , partook of the refreshment provided , clambered into the ambulance and departed.
Some weeks later I met our friend of the missing tooth He gave me a cheerful grin and just as I had assimilated the fact that he showed me a perfect row of teeth once again, with a quick movement the front one dropped and rose-for a brief instant I again saw the gap We both dissolved into laughter and I knew he had forgiven me for not replacing the original.
The Divisional Superintendent-cont. from p. 17 persevere in coming to reGeive SUGh unappetising fare. Progra.nrrme planning i£ a subject that could occupy several sessions in itself, and I have only time now to mention briefly some of the essential ingredients of a carefully prepared season's programme: training (in its many forms), revision, novelty, adventure, surprise items, competitions , discussions, talks from outsiders, films, joint meetings (with Cadets, Nursing Divisions, etc.), ex peditions, social events- and in most of these the golden rule is to change the theme just before the Division feels that it has had enough of that subject (and come back to it on another occasion), rather than just after.
In this respect the Divisional Advisory Committee can be of real help to the Superintendent, and making active use of such a Committee, in this and other ways, will ease many of his labours. Almo :§J t in conclusion, may I briefly summarise ten qualities that I think a Superintendent must possess if his Division- and that means the Brigad@ as a whole-is to survive:
1. He must be loyal-to the Brigade, its objects, its mottoes and its regulations; to his Commissioner and his Senior Officers ; and to all those who look to him for leadership, help, advice, training and inspiration.
2 . He must always try to see the best in other s, and never allow unkind or ungenerous criticism to pass his lips If his Division is to follow him, he must earn their admiration-I had almo s t said, their love. And if they do admire him , the y will imitate him , and that imitation will include the things that he says and does when he least suspects that they are looking or listening.
3. He must be human and sympathetic, patient and understanding, and ready to listen more often than to talk.
4. Though he may sometimes have to speak sternly and in reproof, he must never lo se his temper.
5. He must have humour, and must be able to share the humour of others, even if he is sometimes its object.
6 He must always try to encourage, never to di scourage; to minimise difficulties, never to magnify them; and he must ever have his oilcan ready to pour on troubled waters.
7. He must be courteous and grateful; and he must remember that courtesy often consists in prompt answering of letters and circulars, and that gratitude is best expressed by saying "thank you" to those who have worked hard and often unobtrusively.
8. When a member of his Division has earned am award, he must make every effort to ensure that that award is received publicly and quickly.
9. He must never be afraid to say, "I don't know," or to admit a mistake, or to have the 34
Black Book beside him and use it for reference.
10. He is there-as we all are- to serve, and his most devoted service is due to those who look up to him for leadership.
And, lastly, three final quotations from that s trange copy of "Alice" which I took with me through the looking-glass of my dreams:
"If you must stand on your dignity," said the Red Queen, "don't be surprised if it get s a bit worn and frayed."
"Don't let yourself get strangled with that red tape," the Queen called out to Alice; "just give it a good tug, and you'll find that after all it's only red elastic " ,
" Thank- y ou ," said Alice , and s h e dropped a pr ett y curtsy to sa ve tim e w hile thinking w hat to sa y n ex t. " It was ver y kind of yo u to answer so man y o f my pr o bl em s."
" I may have an s w ered yo ur QUE STIONS, child ," said the Queen - quit e kindl y , f or h er ,' " but I can ' t ha ve ans w ered y o ur PROBLE M S It is only QUESTIONS that can b e ANS W ER ED: PROBLE MS ha ve to b e S OLV ED But in o ur Di v isio n we d o n 't ta lk ab o ut ' problem s," we call th em. ' o pp ortuniti es'."
A Matter of "Life and Oeath"-cont. from p. 30 TO SUMMARISE:
The situations which may ari se fall empirically into groups in which are involved the discipline s of theology-the spirit, the mind, the soul, and the hereafter ; of medicin e-e thi cal behavi o ur , which is closely as so ciated with obedience t o the law, accompanied by scientific and hum a ne approach. The clinical respon sibility is rel a ted to the interests of the individual and the community , whilst the interests of the law, which must be the ultimate arbiter, will lie in such matters a s inheritance and in framing such definitions that will fit in with a modern conception of life and de a th and control of those decisions of the medical pr ofession which may be induced by an ever-increa sing scientific curiosity. All of us must beco me fully aware that we are now rapidly approaching a time when replacements of whole viscera may be possible We must envisage a time when not only may a person have his heart and lungs replaced with those of somebody else but that (recently in Cleveland a new brain has been grafted into a dog), it may not be long before it may be possible to acquire a new mind or-psychopathic person ali ty!
Although it may seem a masterpiece of understatement, it would appear that a new definition of death is not only a matter of importance, but of some urgency. So, too, is the decision as to who shall decide when life bas ceased to exist.
"But come he slow or come he fast, it is but death that comes at last"
Given to the Manchester & District Medico-Legal Society.
WITH COOKS IN MIND
Reprinted by courtesy of the British Sugar Bureau Domestic Advisory Service, 57 Duke Street, Grosvenor Square, London, W.I.
DEVILLED APPLE FROTH
There are many ways of making apple dishe s, but this recipe certainly gives them a different lo o k - it is a delicious and cheap way of giving variety a nd h as the advantage of being quick and simple t o m a ke. The cream and fruit salad can be omitted t o m a ke it le ss rich f or the children.
PR E P ARATION: 30 minutes.
FOR 6 P E RSONS
Ingredients :
21b . coo king apples.
2 egg white s.
6 t a blesp oo n s su gar.
1 te as po o n lemon juice
i -pint cream (whipped)
1 sm a ll tin f ruit salad
2 pin ch es cinn a m on .
METHOD
B a ke the apple s in a moderate ov en (325 deg ., Reg. 3), until so ft and th en rem ov e the core and peel. Rub them through a sieve, add the cinnamon a nd l ea ve a side to cool.
Beat the egg whites until the y form stiff white pe a k s; fold in the s ugar and lemon juice and beat the mi x ture ag ain lightly. When the apples are quite cold , f old in the egg mi xture and pile on to a serving dish Decorate with the w hipped cre a m a nd the dr a ined fruit salad.
PURPLE VELVET
Thi s is a rich pudding but quick and simple to m a k e . It is a dec or ative part y di sh and alth o ugb we h a ve ugg es ted bla ckberri es one may s ub s titute o ther seaso n a l fruit or , in winter , f r ozen fruit ca n be u se d with equ a ll y goo d re sult s
PRE PARATION: 30 minutes .
FOR 8 PERSONS
Ingredients:
120z. blackberries
80z. marshmallows
1 7in. plain sponge round.
30z. blackberry jam . t oz. gelatine.
mallo ws into small pieces and di ssolve in three tablespoons of blackberry juice over low heat; leave to cool. Pour the remaining juice over the sponge. Rub the blackberries through a sieve and add the dissolved gelatine. Whisk the blackberry puree together with the dissolved marshmallo ws. Whip the evaporated milk with the lemon juice until it doubles it s bulk and resembles whipped cream. Add this to the blackberry mi x ture and pour it ov er the sponge.
Decorate with whipped cream and a fe w fresh bl a ckberries.
CUCUMBER SALAD CREAM
There are two ways of preparing this recipe , either with vinegar or alternati vel y thick sour cream can be a dded to the m a r inaded cucumber. If the sa l a d i s m a de with vinegar, it is a good acco mpaniment t o r o ast or boiled beef. If sour cream is used, it goes well with other cold meats o r certain fi sh, such a s sa lmon trout.
PREPARATION: 10 minutes.
Ingredients:
1 large cucumber.
1 t a blespo on vineg a r.
1 teasp oo n lemon juice.
3 table sp oo n s oil / o r i -pint thick sour cream .
METHOD
sugar t o t as te. 1 clo ve / garlic i te as p oo n p a pr ik a.
Peel the cu cumber and slice v er y thinl y
Mi x the oil and vinegar , lemon juice and m a shed ga rlic until it changes colour and then pour it o ver the cucumber. Allo w the cucumber to absorb the marinade for a n hour before serving Sprinkle with paprika. Alternativel y-drain the marinade off the cucumber and pour a cup of thick sour cream over the cucumber. Sprinkle paprika over the top.
2 tablespoons water. 1 small tin eva por a ted milk.
METHOD i -pint double cream. 1 teaspoon lem o n juice. 20 z sugar.
Split the sponge round and fill with jam. Put it tegether again and place on the bottom of a trifle dish.
Cook the blackberries with the water and sugar until tender , retaining a few of the berries, strain, keeping the juice and leave to cool. Cut the marsh35
Please send unwanted spectacles for refurbishing for overseas poor to :
Albert Bailey
:MISSIONARY OPTICAL SOCIETY Hinstock
Marrowbrook Lane Farnborough , Hants.
OLD EYES FOR NEW
DATES FOR YOU R DIARY
National First Aid Competitions, 1968
The following is a list of Competitions so far arranged for 1968: COMPETITION
Electricity Supply Ambulance Centre
Girls Brigade
Distillers Co. Ltd. (Southern Area)
National Dock Labour Board
Dm;ks & Harbours Authority
H. J. Heinz Co. Ltd.
National Coal Board
U.K. Atomic Energy Authority
Distillers Co. Ltd. (Final Comp.)
B.P. Chemicals (UK.) Ltd.
Ministry of Technology
Army Department Ambulance Centre
Young Farmers' Club
Brigade Finals
British Railways, London Transport (Railways) & British Transport
Docks & British Transport Police
Gas Industry
National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Association
General Post Office Ambulance Centre
Grand Prior's Trophy Competitions
DATE & PLACE TO BE AGREED
Fire Brigades
Seymour Hall , W.1 London
Conway Hall, W.C.1
Queen Mary College, E.1
Caxton Hall , S.W.1
Harlesden , N.W.10
Skegness
Risley, Lancs.
Conway H a ll , W.C.1
Conway Hall , W.C.1
6, Burlington Gardens , W.1
6, Burlington Gardens, W .l
Royal Show, Kenilworth
Fairfield Hall, Croydon
Queen Mary College, E.1
Friends House, E uston
Seymour Hall, W.1
Seymour Hall, W . 1
You and thousands more of us - ordinary nlen and womenITIay now give sight to sonleone who is, at this lTIOment, blind.
Because this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back their vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
Eyes of all colours are equally valuable, and it does not matter if you have worn spectacles for years.
If you are not as young as you were, do not feel that your offer will be less valuable. Strangely enough, it will be lTIOre so: the eyes of older people are even better for this purpose.
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shall benefit, it is essential that there should be many lTIOre willing donors than will ever be called upon.
His Majesty King Hussein of Jordan has donated his eyes to the Order's Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem.
Mark. all correspondence "CORNEAL GRAFTING" addressed to: The Director-General, The Royal National Institute for the Blind, 224 Great Portland Street , London, W.1.
Safe, gentle and swift to healSavlon
'SavIon' Liquid and 'Savlon' Cream are indispensable to your first aid kit. They gently clean away dirt, killing the germs that would infect the wound. The antiseptics in both products are powerful, safe. They were discovered by I.C.I. and are now used extensively by doctors and hospitals in this country and overseas.
'Savlon' Antiseptic Cream 1/6,2 /6,4/6, 8/3.
'Savlon' Liquid Antiseptic 4/10.
COMMERCIAL UNION ASSURANCE
Appointed
for St. John Ambulance Brigade
ADVERTISEMENTS-CLASSIFI ED
Advertisements with remittance shou.ld be sent to The Advertisement D ept., The St. John "Review," 23 Pembroke Gardens, London, W.S (to which address rep li es [ 0 Box Numb e rs should be forwarded). Ra[ e 9d. per word, minimum lOs. Box numbers 2/6 ext ra. Trade advertisements 1/- per word, minimwn 15/-.
Semi-display advertisements in classified section charged at one-six te ent h page rate. Please note GOpy cannot b e accepted after the 17th of the month preGeding publication date.
AUDREY ALLEN COUNTRY MARRIAGE BUREAU , POLJGHILL, BUDE, CORNWALL. Nationwide, conl'iD€tails sent pllain sealed cover, without ebligation.
Cased Crested Cuff Links, 57s. 6d. Medal ribbons Is 6d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform , 2s. each ribbon mounted on pin brooch; Regulation medals l'llomnted 3s. 6d. per medal on brooch Miniatures quotecr for.-MONTAGUE JEFFERY , Outfitter, St. Giles Street, Northampton.
TROPHY CUPS, BAZAARS, GARDEN FETES, SPORis EVENTS, etc. Send for our Catalogue. FUND RAISERS, BALLOON RACES, PERFUME CARDS, FANCY GOODS, TOYS, CARNIVAL HATS, NOVELTIES, ete. Also now available LOUNGE, DINING AND Be:DROOM SUITES, CARPETS, etc. ALL AT TRADe: PRICES. Send for 64-page catalogue. Save £££s from Britain 's largest suppliers. SWINNERTONS OF W ALSALL LTD ., Dept. R.O ., Union Street, Walsall.
WITH OUR HELP your bazaar will be a greater success than ever! Come and see our extensive range of toys, stationery. ALSO pre-selected parcels: 144 6d. toys OR n I s. toys OR. 42 I s. lld. toys OR Selection toys Is. to 5s. OR. Selection assorted stationery. Each parcel 54s., plus 4s. 6d. postage. Two Or more parcels 6s. postage. Price lists-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD. , 2a, Handsworth Road, London, N.17.
NO PRICE INCREASE. Through bulk bu yi ng we can still supply full length British BALL POINT PENS, diestamped in gold with your Organisation or Charity, for 5d each. Minimum quantity one gross Please print your slogan (maximbIm 30 letters) and send 60s. for 144 12rinted pens.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2a Handsworth Road, London , N 17.
RAISE £££'8 FOR YOUR GROUP
HIGi'iI PROFITS MADE BY OUR -FAST SELLING LlNESCHRISTM,AS AND B IRTH9AY CARI9 PACKS. DECORATIONS. WRAPPINGS, FANCY GIFTS STATIONER¥, TABLEWARE.
WILTON, AXMINSTER, ORIENTALS, Etc. FREE delivery U.K. Chinese. Indian, Persian Carpets and Rugs a speciality. Expert fitting arranged if required Write stating requirements er fer introduction to shewreems-LONDON er MAliN cities DODSON-BULL CARPET CO., LTD.
Showroems: 2-4 Little Britain, Lendon E C.I MON 7171 10 line. 83-89 Blackett St., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Tel: 20321 or 21428
HOLIDAYS
SCOTLAND-Holidays. Unspoilt, picturesque seaside (fishing) village. Self-contained, f urni shed flat: apartments St. John members SPECIAL TERMS .-Box No S.J. 1.
MALTA. - St. John member offers comfortable acco mmodation , all year round , in own house , near sea. B I B. or demi-pension Very moderate lerms .-Writc to C. ] Crockford , St. Nicholas Street, SLIEMA.
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES
NOTLEY HOSPITAL Braintree, Essex
BE A NURSE at 17
first training for two years for the Orthopaedic Nursing Certificate, then taking a shortened course of training for State Registration.
There is also a three year course of training for students of 18 years of age.
For full details, please write to Miss Brettell Not]ey Hospital, Br aintree, Essex.
MOORF1ELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON E.C.I
Vacancies exist for STATE ENROLLED NURSES te enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing. Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing.
Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board, Opportunities for promotion and practical responsibility in the specialist field of nursing.
Apply to Miss M. B. MacKellar, Matron Moorfields Eye Hospital.
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Ca ndidates accepted at the age of 16 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students, Moorfiel ds Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candi· dates. Well equipped School of Nursing. Successful candidates, on 'Completion may enter the General Trainin g School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses' Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert Hall, Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tennis Court Active Social Club.
Applications in writing to the Matron.
INVESTITURE PHOTOGRAPHS GRAND PRIORY CHURCH, LONDON
PHOTOGRAPHERS attending the Investitures represent the press and cannot undertake to photograph individuals unless .commissioned. Photographs can be COrn.IDlsslOned in advance at a cost of £1. At the moment this can include a picture of the actual investiture and a family group after the ceremony. Anyone wishing to be photographed please apply as follows:-
1. Send a w ritten request to The Editor, St. John " Review ," 23, Pembroke Gardens, London, W.8. AT LEAST TEN DAYS IN ADVANCE.
2. Enclose £1, cheque or P.O. , made payable to the Order of St. John.
3. Enclose brief biographical details.
4. Full name, address, title, qualifications, honours and awards.
IN BLOCK LETTERS, PLEASE .
It is very much regretted that orders cannot be taken on the day--so please tell yo ur colleagues of these facilities to avoid disappointment.
Pl ease note that all pictures are circulated to your local press but there is no guarantee that th e Editor will publish it.
ST. JOHN REVIEW POSTAL SUBSfjRIPTION FORM
To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John, I Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I.
Please supplyjrenew* ST. JOHN REVIEW
commencing with the lssue
1 enclose 17/- for 1 year
Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John.
Name IN BLOCK CAPITALS
Address
*De/ete whichever is inapplicable.
For details of the House and Membership, please complete and return this coupon to THE WARDEN, ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE, LONDON, S.W.I. (BELgravia 2732}.
It's not alWayS easy to think of new ways of raising funds for your organisation But there is one sure way and that is by selling Christmas and Everyday cards , sundries and gifts* from the Webb range.
Webb offer the finest value for money with a service to match. They offer you the opportunity of making £££'s for your organisation. Generous profit margins, prompt and efficient attention to orders, many bonus payments, exclusive card designs.
Just a few of the benefits you get from dealing with Webb , Britain's largest card manufacturing organisation NOW is the time to act. Post the coupon today and we will send you by return, details and a copy of our exciting 1968 Brochure.
EDITORIAL
People in glass houses should not throw stones - on the other hand the desire to do so is somet imes (')verw helming, so here goes.
Apart from the reasons given in the February :ss ue editorial, the latenes s of the "Review" is also d ue to the fact that cuttings, pictures and other ma terial submitted for publication are either in,omplete, illegible or already months out of date. r inherited the magazine three months out of j a te. While there was still an office with staff, we i us t managed to keep our heads above water. Now here is only the Editor to undertake all the sub"criptions, changes of address, etc. Without the lelp and support of the Treasurer the job would be impo ss ible. r am inclined to think that , in an effo rt to avoid raising the sub scriptio n and incur'i ng any unnecessa r y expense, I may well have itt en off more than r can chew. But r can only '1s sure you that r am d oi ng my best and must aga in ask for yo ur help and support.
This may be by being tolerant; by sending your material so that it does not have to be re-written ; +ha t further information is not required; that Jic tures are properly packed and arrive in good that you will di spose of any extra copies
which may arrive, due to the fact that any change in quantity or address may mean that a second lot is sent off to make sure that you get them.
Although r do the wrappers, the distribution is done by the printers, who need these in advance, which means that it is not always possible to make last minute changes. It is only with their unfailing assistance that r have been able to almost catch up.
PLEASE, whenever possible, make your orders yearly. Quarterlies mean extra expense. PLEASE make your subscription by Banker's Order, this will cut out having to send reminders. The old sayi ng of "Look after the pennies and the pounds will look after themselves"-Pay by cheque so that receipts are not necess ary.
If you have a special event coming up let me know well in advance with an approximate estimation of how much space will be required-but, plea se, send in the material, properly captioned pictures without having to be reminded.
Finally, r am grateful to all those who have put up with inconvenience caused by our difficultiessubscribers, printer, block makers and advertisers. Thank you.
Have you seen our exciting new 35mm filmstrips and 8mm filmloop on Casualty Simulation?
Please send me on approval (sale or return) the following filmstrips:
* Casualty Simulation
* First Aid for Road Users
* First Aid for Fractures
First Aid at Home
Advanced First Aid Series
The Role of Oxygen in the Human Body
* Safety and First Aid in Industry
Epilepsy
Drug Dependency
* Smm filmloops also available
Please send me on approval (sale or return):
1 35mm Filmstrip Projector
An Smm Filmloop (Single Concept Cassette) Projector
AnlAutomatic Slide Projector
A Daylight Screen
Name
Address Tel.
Please
H.R.H. THE PRINCESS MARGARET'S RECENT ILLNESS
We were all concerned to hear of the recent indisposition of the Commandant-in-Chief
Gf AmbulanGe and Nursing Cadets, and you will wish to know that the Commissioner-in-Chief sent flowers to the hospital with the accompanying message:-
"The Officers and Members of The St. John Ambulance Brigade all good wishes to Her Royal Highness The Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, for an early recovery."
The following gracious acknowledgement was received from Kensington Palace:-
"The Lady-in-Waiting to The Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, is bidden by Her Royal Highness to thank the Officers and Members of The St. John Ambulance Brigade most warmly for their message of good wishes which The Princess greatly appreciated."
Classified Advertisements
Editorial
Valentine Karneval P r ize Wioners
Camping Story with a difference by A j S O. John Coward
Home Accidents and the Under Fives by F. H. Robarts , F.R.C.S
First Aid in 1908 by Michael Newbold
Rescue-Life Line by S. C. Bishop
Alcoholism: Some Problems of Responsibility by Evelyn E. Gavin
Prize No.
Volkswagon Car A3622
Rosenthal Dinner Set A1080
Munich Air Tickets C26398
Rosenthal Coffee Set C26478
Electric Mower A2884
Box of Heberlein Cakes A3483 A6665
Carton Cigarettes A4652
B15192 E59989 E57020 8152.73
B13202 A3742 B13047
VALENTINE KARNEVAL
H .E. FRAU BLANKENHORN, wife of th e German Ambassador in London, was hostess at a Gala evening given by the Ambassader at the Embassy on February 14 which was attended by many distinguished people. The proceeds will be shared b y the Briga d e and the German Welfare Council. Ticket numbers of winners of unclaimed prizes appear on page 35.
Prize Record
Biro Desk Set
Toilet Set
C hoco late Bo x
No. Name
B12862 Mr s Redmile, Nott s. HucknalJ, A6412
A5219 A6175
Al223
81 379 8 A6201
B16212
B1 359 1 A5191
A4853 A4360
AJ09 B21290
A679 A5205
A5714
B17696
E59839 A1296
B12413
Sir John Wolfenden, London.
Mr. C hri s tie , C. Kings, Chel tenham.
Major Schreiber, Woodrid ge, Suffolk.
F. J. Cartwright , Farnham, Surrey.
Ballard Montalt Road, Coventry.
D. F. Co les, St Brampton , Oxford.
J. Gardener , Uxb rid ge Rd. , W.12
R. A. Stain, Seawall Highway, Coventry.
Mr s D. O. O'Brien, C he llen ham.
Mrs. Dod ge, Birmingham, 28. Mrs. Ashworth. ewb ur gh , N. Wigan.
Sir Ro wla nd J e rram, Li kearcl, Cornwall.
Dr. van Royen , Dutch Embas sy. B. J one, Shepperton, Mx. E. W. Wanerson, Cheltenham.
Herr Dubral, Lufthansa H ou e.
Mrs. Sutton , East Horsley, Surrey.
C. J. Salter, L1oyds, E.C.3.
Mrs. Sadler, Farnham, Surrey.
F. Siviter, Warley , Wor cs.
RAFFLE PRIZE WINNERS
Name
Lord Cozens -Hardy of Lancs.
Miss Leighton, Horley Surrey.
G. A. Doherty
Mr. Houghton
Lord Cozens-Hardy of Lancs.
Mrs. Atkinson, Street, Som.
Sir John Evetts, Keinerton, Glos
M rs. Carr, N.W.14. Totteridge, Duchess of Bedford. Dunton, Surbiton, Surrey. EGhterhoff, DER Travel.
R ec ord B15733 A5272 A4733 B14349 A4554 A4419 A0362 A6438 A1249
Name
Mr. Greenacre, Fenchurch Street, E.C.3. Duchess of Bedford.
R Aveson , Southampton, Hants.
Mrs. Russell, Dunmow, Essex
Mrs. Grierson, Northleach, GIos.
S. Bower, Aston-on-Trent, Derby
Mr. Boas, German Embassy.
W. E. Brandt, Fenchurch Street, E.C.3.
D. & K. Eaves, LeYland, Lancs.
Miss Stonebridge, St. Sampsons, Guernsey.
Sir John Wolfenden London. Christie, Farnham, Surrey.
The Lord Wakehurst.
Lady Er kine, Templecombe, Somerset. Mr. Lawrence , Cheadle Hume Che hire. R. Bryan Cobham, Surrey. Dr. C. Ball , Darton Barnsle y. :Mrs. Tompson, Bentl ey Mr. Waterhouse, St. Sampsons, Guernsey.
Sir John Evetts, Keinerton, Glo
Mrs. McLoughlin, Cheltenham.
J. Harriman St. Sampsons, Guernsey.
Sue Holman, Ashburton, S. D evon.
1. M. Br ed don. Fremington, N. Devon.
John Rann, Ryde. l.o.W. Mr. Ru sse ll , c/ o Duke of Becl£ord
Mr. Loch Kendell, S Croydon.
Mrs. Sawrey - Cookson, Shrewton, Wilts.
J . Rochester Prie tHill, Willerby.
Mr. H amer Sowerby Bridge , York
(Continued on page 35)
THE DUKE AND DUCHESS OF BEDFORD
PICTURE SHOWS Mrs. Elizabeth Courtney with The Lord Pri or of th e Order of St. John,
CAMPING STORY With a Difference
BY AjSjO JOHN COWARD
INSPECTION OF the North-Eastern Area
CW.R. Yorks.) Cadet Camp, at Fotto Hill in the North Riding, August 1967. Left to right, Div Supt. J. R. Peeks, Camp Commandant; Area Staff Officer John Coward, North-Eastern. Area; Div. Supt. Mrs. F. M. Fowler, Deputy Camp Commandant ; Brig.-Gen. Fairweather, County Conunissioner, North Riding of Yorkshire; Lord Westbury, County Vice-President (A) Cadets, North Riding of Yorkshire.
The North Eastern Area Camp of the West Riding of Yorkshire District, held at Potto Hill, Swainby, on ' the edge of the North Yorkshire Moon, was attended by 56 Ambulance and Nursing Cadets, 8 Ambulance and Nursing Members and 10 Officers from the Acomb, Clifton, Dringhouses, Harrogate, Ripon, Starbeck, Wetherby and York City Divisions, also guests from the Scarborough Divisions in the North Riding District.
The Camp Commandant was Divisional Superintendent J. R. Peeks and the Deputy Commandant Divisional Superintendent Mrs. F. M. Fowler.
An advance party of one Officer and four Adult Members moved on to the site on the Friday evening, and despite heavy rain, with the assistance of helpers from Ripon Division, managed to get the marquee up as a kitchen by the time the remainder of the campers arrived, shortly before midday on Saturday. The bulk of the equipment, which arrived soon afterwards, got bogged down. All mechanical means to shift it failed, so three ropes were attached to the tow -bar and 70 campers took part in a gigantic tug of war.
The inevitable happened, one rope broke. Who doesn't laugh at anyone else's downfall? We did.
It took us a good five minutes to get over it. The rope was re-tied and after a series of "One-TwoThree -HEAVE," the monster began to rock out of its muddy bed Still reluctant to leave the field under its own power, it was hauled all the way to the road, much to the amazemeIllit and amusement of the driver.
We arrived at the first check-point, about 10 miles from the start, at 8 a m., in fine form. The support party was there to us with hot soup and a mixture of egg and mIlk. One walker was out of favour, having made the wise decision that the Lyke Wake Walk was not for her. So at 8 20 a.m , t he remaining 15 walkers set out on the second stretch-12 miles of open moorland . Then it r ained, and the wind blew, we were up in the clouds, in some cases the cold rain penetrated our clothing. I n places we had to wade through mud and water.
The experienced Dirgers (Lyke Wake Walkers) d iscussed the prospects of crossing Wheeldale Bog, which we were due to cross during the afternoon, dou btless shrouded in mist. On a clear day one can head for "the golf balls," the three huge domes of the Fylingdales Early Warning Station. But for a party of mostly inexperienced youngsters to cross the mist-covered bog, with only a compass to guide us, was a bit dodgy .
About 10.30 a.m the rain stopped and the cloud lifted, so we postponed our final decision on crossing Wheeldale Bog.
every clump of bracken, every boulder and every hollow.
One by one the casualties were located, and the search party broke up to give them the necessary treatment.
One Neil-Robertson and two improvised stretchers were rushed up the hillside from a waiting car and the casualties were strapped on. Then began the difficult task of carrying them over the rugged and ,difficult ground, down the steep slope to the nearest road. On completion of the exercise the casualties were released from their bonds and we returned to camp for a hot drink. Most of us benefited from the experience and the younger members were thrilled by the excitement of the occasion.
Sixteen Cadets gave up much of their spare time to study and qualify for the camping proficiency certificate.
Friday was a holiday for most of us. Groups planned to visit local towns or the coast, but it rained most of the day and campers were back well ahead of schedule.
The Lyke Wake Walk is well known to many people living in and around Yorkshire, but for those who may not have heard of it, it is a 42-rni1e walk across the highest, widest and wildest part of the North Yorkshire Moors, from Osmotherly to Ravenscar, and one is expected to complete it in 24 hours.
With this in mind, yours truly looked carefully through the campers and the 16 members who were most likely to complete the walk were selected. These 16 were packed off to bed at 9 p.m. and arose at 2 a.m. on Monday. Then, after eating the earliest breakfast I have ever experienced, we were taken by cars to Osmotherly and walked to the official start of the Lyke Wake Walk. We passed the start just before dawn at 4.15 a.m., in fine weather and feeling very fit.
The first few miles were uneventful, we considered the wisdonJ of our adventure, and discussed it with the sheep and rabbits we passed on the way. We had one short pause and each ate a banana. The cold soon penetrated our clothing, so we pressed on. The general feeling was, that so long as we were walking on the flat or downhill and the weather was good, we were doing the right thing. But at times we were walking uph ill and it rained!
I disgraced myself by taking a header into a ditch. I was treated {OF shock (not in accordance with. the book) and fortunately the rain which followed was heavy enough to wash the mud off my trousers and anorak . In due course I was none the worse.
On Sunday, we paraded for a special st. John Service, held in Swainby Parish Church. The Area 8 Commissioner, Mr. J. Geo. Rochester, and the District Secretary, Mr. R. H. Knott , were in camp for the parade.
Unfortunately, the fair weather was not to last, a nd the next hour or so up to the next check-point was spent trudging, sometimes ankle-deep or worse in swamp, and trying to scramble up the muddy slope to Blakey Rigg.
We reached the Castleton road (which runs along Blakey Rigg) at noon, and eagerly sought the support party, who were supposed to meet us with a tent and cooked dinner at a road junction n ear Ralph's Cross (one of Yorkshire's ancient m oorland boundary stones). Visibility was about 30 or 40 yards and the driving rain stung our eyes and made it difficult to peer into the haze. At fi rst there was no sign of the tent, then as we moved towards the Cross we saw the tent and the Cross side by side. Had the tent been big enough I am sure the support party would have pitched it over the Cross, to be sure of being in the right place.
Somehow the question of crossing the bog didn't a rise again, the Cadets were bundled into two cars belonging to the support party and driven back to camp at Potto Hill The rest of us sheltered in the tent and dried off as best we could over a Primus stove. The Camp Medical Officer stood by with Chocolate, to stave off the pangs of hunger, and "medicine" to keep out the cold We decided to postpone lunch until we reached the comparative comfort of the marquee at Potto Hill-the end of the road.
SEARCH AND RESCUE EXERCISE
Three casualties had been placed in isolated hollows . When the 70 -strong rescue party arrived they were strung out in one long line across the search area, armed with torches and first aid equipment, then the line moved forward to comb 9
Damp spirits were soon dispelled at a camp concert in the marquee, which kicked off with a rousing rendering of Ilkla Moor Bah't 'at, The Quarter Master's Stores and She'll be Coming Round the Mountain
For some unknown reason, pop songs were not in evidence.
The occupants of each tent put on their own show, most lacked rehearsal, but this in itself provided good entertainment. The evening was rounded off with the traditional fish, chips and cocoa.
When we stirred on Saturday the cloud had broken up and the weather was fair but uncertain, so we decided that it would be wise to take down the tents and marquees early, in case of further rain.
The equipment lorries remained on the road (taking no chances of getting stuck in the mud), and a tractor was used to pick up equipment from the field.
Coaches came, collected their passengers and took them on their separate ways. A little group stayed behind to fill in the pits and make a last check of the now deserted camp site. Finally, we paid our respects to the owner, Mr. Cowley, and left.
There's a good deal of work left to do in the stores, drying out, cleaning, checking and repairing equipment. I suppose that will be about the end of camping for the time being, but I am looking forward to the day when the curlew in the next field wakes us in the early morning.
REVIEW SUBSCRIPTION F ORM ON PAGE 1
HOM,E ACCIDENTS THE UNDER FIVES
A paper given at the National Home Safety Conference 1967
By F. H. Robarts, F.R.C.S.Ed.
Surgeon in Charge, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh
An accident i£ "something that befalls." Some are happy chances, but those which concern us are mishaps, defined in the dictionary as "ill or "unlucky accidents." Even ideally all accIdents cannot be prevented, the very existence of the word "accident" proves it. But there are .accidents which should be prevented; especlalJy those which have the longest-lasting of which fatality is the extreme example. This 1£ one reason why accidents to youn a children are so important. But if we cannot all accidents in this or any other age group some of these accidents are more preventable than others; and there are some which ought to be prevented there are some which by they senous lIDplication£ must be prevented if at all pO$si ble.
To t?e young child, as to the elderly person, the home IS known ,to be a dangerous place. So too, of course, are our roads. But the frequency of occurrence of accidents and, therefore, of the opportunities for their prevention, varies at least propoI:iion to numbers at risk at any given tlIDe and ill any gIVen situation, and with the lengths of time in whieh these numbers are exposed to these risks. Stand in the middle of a busy road for an hour, or for a day, and in the longer period you have a very much greater chance of becoming a casualty if not a corpse, for the longer you stand the greater is the number of variable factors which will operate against your chances of escape-the increased traffic density at peak periods, the variables of the seasons and of the weather, of day and of night, and of the of each individual driver who passes and of their national characters. All, and many others, are contributory factors which may affect the ultimate result of your experiment. We all spend many more nour£ in our homes than we do in the streets of our town and the roads of our countryside; and this is one of the most important factors in the high level of occurrence of home accidtmts. Because of this long-acting time element, the elimination of even a few significant factor£ could pay handsomely in a reduction of the overall level of incidence. The number of road fatalities is only a little lower than that.in our homes from domestic accidents, but the total numbers at risk and the time-duration of their exposure to the hazards of the roads fall far short of those pertaining in the home environment.
Young children under the age of five years
10
and the elderly spend a very great part of each day and of each night in their homes where, in some circumstances, even in their beds they are not safe. There the hazards for all, of adults smoking in bed and of fire and matches in the hands of children. Asphyxiation by coal-gas poisoning may overtake them in their relative immobility or weakness and failing or untrained senses. For the young child asphyxiation by smothering and overlaying, or by the inhalation of food or by strangulation in cot bars still heads the list of home fatalities in infancy, and over the whole age-range comes third in Scotland and fourth in England and Wales in numerical importance, surpassed overall only by death from falls-usually in the aged, and secondly from the poisonings of many sorts, some accidental and some intentional. Death at all ages from thermal injury vies for third or fourth place North and South of the Border with those from the various types of aspllyxia in babies already mentioned.
With the purpose, therefore, of finding out more about the many factors which can contribute to the s:ausation of accidents to young children in the home and in the circumstances of the motherchild relationship outside the home, an exploratory survey is at present being conducted under the auspices of the Medical Commission for Accident Prevention and Life-Saving. This is not with the intention of indicating to us the kind of accidents and injuries which happen to the under fives for surveys which give us this sort of information have already been conducted in the past. Everybody knows how common are falls both inside and out of the home, and the parts of the body which usually suffer injury in these circumstances in the different age groups. Most know of the circumstances and the effects of burning and scalding (amongst the most serious of any injuries) with their long-lasting physical and psychological effects and justifiably the subject at this time of a separate enquiry in detail by Professor Wilkinson of the Sick Children's Hospital here in Great Ormond Street, and sponsored also by the Medical Commission for Accident Prevention. Too common also are cuts and lacerations, and penetrations of chest, abdomen and perineum by sharp objects and spikes; poisonings in the home by medicines and household cleaning agents and by gas often recur, as also in our gardens and parks and in the countryside by the ingestion of seeds and berries. There is a heavy annual toll from drowning on oUir inland waterways, and even on the crowded
beaches of our coasts, in public and private swimming pools and decorative ponds, not only in p ublic places but now more dangerously in our ho mes and gardens as well. The high frequency of death in infancy from suffocation and choking certainly demands further enquiry for many of these are by no means clearly explained even a lthough most are innocent of any sinister implication, and are real tragedies for those whom they befall. Even autopsy does not always explain the e sudden deaths . The Coroners of England an d Wales and the Procurator Fiscals of Scotland should surely require to know more about these accidental deaths.
In the present survey six areas of the United Kingdom have been selected as conveniently ty pical of six different residential environments:
1. Edinburgh and the Port of Leith-with a population of approximately 468,000-a large but not heavily industrialised university city with many of its citizens in the professional and artisan classes, and with much traditional housing A popular tourist centre in the summer.
2. Sheffield-population 493,000-a large and heavily industrialised city undergoing much redevelopment and rebuilding on modern lines, and also with a university.
3. Oxford-population 106,000-a smaller univer sity city, more rural in its immediate environs but still with considerable though less heavy industry.
4. Richmond- population 181 ,000-a mainly residential community of the outer Greater London area.
5. Winchester-population 28,000-a truly provincial city and county town with a rural community dependent upon it for many services: and
6. Tiverton, in Devon- population 12,000-a small and almost purely rural market town with some light industry and a rural and agricultural area dependent upon it.
Not only were these areas selected on account of their representational differences but also because there were present therein the basic contacts and interests upon which such a survey could readily be built.
Fifty accidents, as nearly consecutive in occurrence as possible, have been reported to the Local Medical Authority in each area from January 1, 1967, and fifty have similarly been reported from July 1, thus gleaning any seasonal variations of mid-winter and of summer weather, if any, and of the long-light evenings. Each "accident" has been investigated in considerable depth to a prepared questionnaire with the experienced help and co-operation of the Health Visitors of the Local Authorities. These 600 "accidents" to children tInder five ' years, collected in these six different H
parts of the country, some in winter and some in summer, are now available for detailed analysis. The details of the family are probed-the occupation of the wage-earner and the social class, the number of siblings and their ages and others in the house including even pets and lodgers. Details of the home are noted-its type and how acquired and held, shared or not, the number of rooms. facts about the living-room and kitchen, bathroom, toilet, their lighting and heating, cooking and clothes-washing and drying, play facilities both indoors and out, overcrowding and how kept, television habits, smoking, bingo, pools, window and stair safety, medicines and matches, cutlery, gas and electricity fittings, etc. The type of accident and brief data of the injury are recorded for the purposes of correlation with the other information. One is well aware, however, that ultimately an "accident" happens or just misses happening purely by chance, and in some of the worst environments no "accident" may happen more by the grace of God than by the good guidance of the family's destinies; and not uncommonly quite terrible and unfortunate "accidents" occur even in the very best regulated and most careful households-again by pure accident. In the survey close attention is paid to the chief protagonists in the "accident" situation, namely, the victim and the individual who was at that time in primary charge of the child-usually, but not always, the mother, and what each was doing and where in relation to each other. Their "accident-proneness" and that of the family as a whole is also noted. The physical and mental state of the victim and of the mother and of any mother-substitute presently in charge, the mother's place in the menstrual cycle or in pregnancy, the " pill" or drug-taking are all investigated, as also is any out of home occupation. what it is and how much time she gives to it. The enquiry ends with an assessment by the investigator of the mother's attitude to the "accident" and with some confidential remarks on the marital and financial stability of the family and on nationality factors which may have influenced the situation.
The full analysis of these many data requires time and mechanical computation and this is in progress in the Department of Social Medicine of the University of Edinburgh. However, a very superficial and visual inspection of a small proportion of the completed forms of the first half of the enquiry reveals some interesting features and confirms others which we already recognise only too well.
The winter returns from Sheffield-the area of highest population and of the heaviest industry but possibly with the highest proportion of new housing with inbuilt improvements in sanitation and domestic heating, but no doubt with other hazards of modern multi-storey construction, have been set beside those of the area of lowest population-Tiverton-with its almost totally rural
(Continued on page 32)
FIRST AID IN 1908
By Michael Newbold, Divisional Secretary, Fulham Ambulance Division
If you wanted to learn first aid at the turn of the century you would have been confronted with more pitfalls than by today's standard of teaching.
Having recently acquired a copy of "Firs t Aid to the Injured," dated 1908, I was surprised to note that not only did a course of instruction in first aid last just four lectures, but it is ordered that " On no account are Mixed Classes of Men and Women permitted."
Chapter One is devoted to principles of first aid and elementary anatomy and physiology, together with other notes on the subject being studied. In those days the Manual makes mention of Prof ess or Esmarch's triangular bandage, which was apparently made by cutting diagonally a piece of linen 40 inches square, our present First Aid book stipulates the material as only 36 inches square.
Chapter Two deals extensively with fractures, the general rule it seems being to use splints wherever possible. Today we are taught to treat the simple type of fracture, like the elbow, forearm, hand and ankle by applying triangular bandages, whereas all these injuries were dressed with aid of splints, the classic example being that of the elbow, where an "L" shape splint was used.
When confronted by a fracture of the femur (thigh bone) the Victorian first aider had to be especiall y careful as his First Aid book details different ways of bandaging for both men and women. The book states: "When the patient is a womaJ? it is expedient after extensio n of the limb, to tie the feet together, dispense with the inner spijnt, and pass the bandages round both limbs."
Fig$. '2.9 and 30 in the book illustrate the different methods. 12
I would imagine that the use of a broom for women is optional!
Circulation, wounds and haemorrhage are dealt with in Chapter Three, and the age -old tourniquet was still being taught, along with such pressure points as the internal and external carotid arteries, the facial artery, the temporal arteries, the occipital artery, the axillary artery, and nine others. With 15 press ure points at his command the trained first aider hardly had any need of tourniquets, rubber bandages or flexion.
A good deal is devoted in Chapt.er to the nervous and respiratory systems, which IS followed by various methods of artificial respiratioJ?-' ing Schafer'S, Howard's combmed wItf Silvester's, Laborde s and Marshall Hall s Methods. Figs. 60 and 61 illustrate Howard's combined with Silvester's Method.
Note the centre first aider is holding the patient's tongue and the one on the right is kneeling astride the patient, a practice that is hardly modern teaching.
Poisons are dealt with in Chapter Six, the treatments being very simi lar to those in the current F.A book except for such emetics as wine and tickling the back of the throat WIth a feather to induce vomiting
The bandaging in Chapter Seven uses triangular bandages for the scalp, shou lder , hip, hand, foot, chest, and elbow, which are all done as current methods.
The concl uding Chapters of the book give instr u ction in hand seats and stretcher transport for two, three, or four bearers, and is covered in great detail, as this takes 30 pages which wo uld be more at home in a drill manual.
A most interesting added extra at the end of this book is a price list issued b y the Stores Dept. St. John 's Gate. At that time the cost to eq Ulp a private was £1 lIs. 4d., which included a patrol jacket, and trousers in black tartan,. wa ist belt and pouch (for personal FITst AId kIt).
First Aid kit for pouch consists of:-
2 Triangular Bandages, one of which is sealed up in waxed paper. The other may be used for practice, but sho uld be kept as clean as po ssible.
2 Roller Bandages (3in. and lin.).
1 Pa cket of Cyanide Gauze (1 yd Compressed).
1 P air Scissors, 6 Safety Pin s.
The next Chapter details treatment for such miscellaneous injuries as stings, foreign bodies and burns, and James Cantlie, M.A., author of the Manual, paid great attention to covering every aspect of treatment or injury conceivable. A paragraph entitled "When a Woman's dress catches fi re" reads: "If a Woman's dress catches fire when nobody is by, she sh ould lie flat, flames uppermost, smother the flames with anything handy, and crawl to the bell pull and ring."
1 Small B ottle of Strong Smelling Salts.
1 Piece of Strong Cane for tightening improvised tourniquet.
Price 2s. Sd. each. (Whistle and Chain 2s. extra).
And if you do not consider this was a bargain the Stores Dept. was offenng a Horse Drawn Ambulance with Genuine Indiarubber Tyres for £32 lOs. (Horse, it is assumed, Extra).
13
" REVIVAL"
By M. M. Cayley, District Officer
What a thrill for a member of the Brigade to visit an area where in the past a Division existed to find that " Phoenix-like" it has risen from its ashes.
Such an experience was mine when early last year I visited the town of Sligo. There I witnessed a ceremony which would make the heart of any Brigade Officer rejoice-the Presentation of ficates to a group of girls who had completed theu First Aid and Home Nursing courses, with the intention of reviving the Sligo Nursing Division
Pre sent for the occasion were the Mayor, Mr. G allagher, their Chaplain, Re v Fr. Carr, their Medical Officer s and officers and members of theAmbulance Division.
How one would Eke to have those girls nearer Headquarters to give what help one could d.uring the inevitable "growing pains" as they mature mto a fully experienced Di vision.
They already have considerable experience, as under the direction of Fr. Carr, they have helped the members of the local Wheel-Chair Association at their weekly meetings. Again, during the pilgrimage to Knock Shrine, the invalids from the Diocese were in their care.
Public dutie s of the more ordinary type wer e those performed at the Sligo Race s the when they worked in co-operatlOn WIth the Ambulance Di vision. In ad dition, they did their part in raising funds on what was a most successful flag day during the month of June.
As winter approaches they have recommenced their indoor training and lectures, and perhaps before very long we may have the pleasure of seeing a team of those bright young people taking part in the Brigade competitions.
How gratifying it is, in this materialistic age, to find a group of young women with such splendid ideals, carrying out the motto of which we are all so proud-"Pro Utilitate Hominum." Long may they prosper!
Get the "REVI EW" Habit!
To find out
WHAT GOE.S ON IN ST. JOHN take the "Review" regularly COMPLETE THE ORDER FORM ON PAGE NOW
Anyone wanting to buy one of these bright yellow life-savers apply to Mr. Bishop, sending 11 /(mcludmg postage) at Corps Office, Tudor House, Spon Street, Coventry, Warwickshire.
, RESCUE
St. John Life Line
Warwickshire Corps Member's Ingenious Invention
SHOW the very ingenious rescue life line deSigned by Mr. S. C. Bishop, Warwickshire Central Coventry C<??S (Hon. Corps P.R.O.), which costs less than ten slnlLLngs and can be handled by a child. The spectacular rescue of two children by the use of this life lllte was r eported in the "Sunday M e rcury" in December of last year. Mr. S. C. Bishop has prepared details c:f how. to make it. He suggests that Di v isions, Cadets lit partlcu/ar, might make them for sale in aid of funds.
CoveQtry Evening Telegraph
MRS. MARGARET BOOTHMAN, County Superintend e nt eN) Bucks, congratulating 16- ye aro ld Cheryl Birch for having gained h e r Grand Prior' s Badge. D / S. Mrs. P. Child had a special word of praise for th e S.J.A.B. junior ca dets who took part in the parade for their smart turn out.
SOUTH SHIELDS NURSING CADETS r ece ive ce rtificates. Presentations of First Aid and Home Nursing certificates we r e made to the South Shields Nursing Cadet Divisi on at a ceremony held in September last year. The division 's officers in the pictur e are, l ef t Superintendent Mrs. 1. Garrick and ri ght, D / O. Mrs. D. Layen. Shields Ga ze lle
Slough Observer
St. John Council, West Riding of Yorkshire, FLOWER FUND
D IVISION, WO R CESTE R SHIRE
Left to right, Ambulance Membe rs D. Ditchfi e ld; R Mill ; A. Humph ries (T rai ner); Sergeant A Thompson (Captain); Cpl. T. Mole; D / 0 B. Blak eway (who was Captain of the team f rom 1963 - 1966) and Cpl. B . J ones
NORTHANTS
ALCOHOLISM:
SOME PROBLEMS OF RESPONSIBILll"Y
By Evelyn E. Gavin, M.A. (Psychology), LL.B. Lecturer in Law, Strathc1yde University
Reprinted by courtesy of the author and The Health Education Journal
LEICESTERSHIRE
Another Market Harborough Success
N/M MAUREEN DOVE, Market Harborough Nursing Division, who won the Musson Trophy at the Annual First Aid and Home Nursing Competitions in February. The runner-up was Mrs. E. Pratt, B.U.S.M. Company Nursing Division , who received the Margaret E. Field Cup. Mrs. B. D'Arcy, Leicester Partridge Nursing Division, gained the Mrs. E. York TrDphy. Readers will remember that MaUl'erm was a member of the S.J.A .B. National Finals win,:ing team in 1967. Presentations were made by A /S /0 Mzss M. A. Hales who was also one of the judges. Other judges were A/N /0 Mrs. A. S. Fletcher and D /0 Miss C. Russell.
P. W Jackson
W.R., YORKS
ONE OF THE highlights of the end of 1967 in the West Riding of Yorkshire were the competitions held for Cadets. Their Divisional Superintendent is Mrs. N. Partridge and the junior members taking part were Rose Walezen, Denise Halsted, Alison Darw en t, H.owor Canavan, Julie Lumb, and B eve rley Darwent.
The increasing recognition of alcoholism as a disease constitutes a great advance for understanding and treatment. It has long been accepted by those concerned with the treatment of alcoholics that an attitude of moral censure will achieve n ot hing except an aggravation of the condition. This o utlook is slowly percolating through to the layman. The work of the National Council on Alcoholism, the periodic new spaper and magazine articles, and even the view advanced by members of Alcoholics Anonymous that alcoholism is an allergy, mistaken though it is, have all put before th e layman a picture of alcoholism as a medical problem, the alcoholic labouring under a disease which it is beyond his unaided efforts to arrest. Theoretically this view is not difficult to accept, at leas t by the expert and by those who are not actively associated with alcoholics. For the layman, however, with experience of alcoholic behaviour, the concept of alcoholism as a disease introduces acute difficulties in reconciling fact and theory. These difficulties are reflected in the behaviour and at titudes of those who come into contact with alco holics, and are likely to have an adverse effect upon the course of the disease and its treatment.
SPECIFIC DIFFERENCE OF " ALCOHOLISM"
To pay lip-service to the disease conception is not enough. Alcoholism is not quite like any other disease. What other disease apart from drug addiction manifests itself solely on the ingestion of certain substances, and at an advanced stage is ins tantly reversible upon a decision by the sufferer himself? The physical and mental degeneration brought about by of drinking may be uncontrovertible, but the alcoholic himself may deny any need for treatment. No other disease follows such a pattern. The description of it as a disease of body, mind and spirit recognises the psychologic al and moral issues arising from the alcoholic's deviant behaviour.
QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY
The difficulty for most people, however sincerely they may be prepared to accept that alcoholism is a disease, is in fitting tlllS ."disease" into their existing mental framework. Most people have a fairly clear conception of what they understand by such terms as "disease," "mental illness," "delinquency," and most deviant behaviour can be 19
categorised according to one of these. But alcoholism may seem at different times to resemble each one of them in turn. This makes it impossible to assess responsibility, which in turn makes it impossible for the onlooker to preserve a consistent attitude and consistent response to the condition himself. Few things create a greater handicap in dealing with a human situation than constant ambiguity of one's own feelings of the onlooker. These are likely to move in a vicious circle, through blame, remorse, sympathy, and after further displays of destructive and egotistic behaviour by the alcoholic, resentment, because the impulse is to blame him, but blame would infer responsibility for the effects of a disease.
Responsibility lies at the root of the problem. for those who are dealing with the alcoholic, and also in a different way for the alcoholic himself. One observes this not only among relatives, friends and employers of alcoholics but sometimes in the impatient or harassed doctor who recommends that the patient should simply cut down his intake - the one thing he cannot do-or in the nurse who is unable to refrain from moral or aesthetic judgments.
THE DOMESTIC PROBLEM OF THE ALCOHOLIC
The situation is very much more difficult, however, for the alcoholic's family, who must live with him, and are emotionally involved with him. They are asked to accept treatment. His disease is infectious in the sense that it causes grievous suffering to those he lives with, but he cannot be placed in quarantine. In a sense, they may be told, he is not altogether sane, but he cannot be forcibly placed in a mental hospital. His conduct may cause more harm than some acts of delinquency, but he cannot be restrained or charged with an offence. They are asked to accept that he is not (wholly) responsible but he may still be holding down a job, and behaving in most respects as if he were responsible-that is, as if he were free to behave otherwise. They hear of other alcoholics who have gone to Alcoholics Anonymous and achieved instant sobriety, while their alcoholic rejecb this avenue and goes on drinking. It is hard not to believe that he could stop if he chose. How are they to assess responsibility? How are they to avoid blaming him, or accepting his "illness" only with resentment?
These are the conflicts which are faoed by anyone who is closely associated with an alcoholic. They. are more complex than at first sight they appear. As the disease progresses there occurs a gradual change in the alcoholic's personality and character. This may not be recognised as an effect of the alcoholism because the symptoms are not of an overtly neurotic kind, and do not manifest themselves only during drinking. Consequently they are less likely to be condoned by those whom they affect. ·The alcoholic becomes increasingly egotistic, selfish, childish and unreliable; these traits become part of his "normal" personality. There is a world of differe?ce between excusing a person his phobia about heIghts or enclosed places, and excusing a person who habitually, drunk or sober, puts himself before other people. The alcoholic's family can hardly fail to judge him responsible for hi s actions, or to withhold blame reluctantly and with growing resentment.
The main problem, given that alcoholism is a disease, would seem to be at what point during years of drinking, and at what level of daily conduct, does responsibility cease. Most people are prepared to accept the validity of certain determining factors in delinquent behaviour, yet they are able to reconcile these with the legal view of the delinquent as ultimately responsible. It is as if one said: he is not responsible for the person his heredity and environment have made him, but he is responsible for the delinquent acts of that person.
LEGAL AND MORAL ASPECTS
This false dichotomy as a means of resolving ambiguity illustrates an important psychological principle. Life might be intolerable if ambiguity could not be resolved by such short cuts. If, therefore, the same principle is applied to the problem of responsibility in alcoholism, one must again make an arbitrary distinction between effects of the disease ovr.r which the alcoholic has no control and "effects" which he can control. One may either try to determine this by studying the individual case, or one may resolve the difficulty by inferring no responsibility for the disease itself, but responsibility for refusal to seek or accept treatment (not giving too much thought to the possibility that the latter is itself part of the condition). However he does it, the observer must reach his own conclusion.
It is not surprising, in view of the emotional immaturity that is observed in so many alcoholics, that the alcoholic is himself struggling with the problems of responsibility. The adult world demands that he should accept responsibility for his actions; this he is emotionally incapable of doing.
Nevertheless, he wants the best of both worlds to be relieved as the child is, of full responsibility but to enjoy the independence and freedom from 20
restraint of tlle responsible adult. This he has. He. or she, is entitled to the custody of his children, and is entitled, without restraint, to pursue his suicidal course. One is confronted sharply with the problem of the onlooker's responsibility. The onlooker is accorded, by common consent, the right to obstruct an individual act of suicide, but few people are prepared to adopt the same policy towards a general course of alcoholism Yet such "interference" has saved the life of many an alcoholic who, left to his own choice, would have met an early death.
There is a great deal that can be done if those who are in a position to take action in the alcoholic's interest are not afraid of rebuff s and accusations of interference. Almo st any action is ju s tified that will motivate him towards recovery. This change in motivation is , in m ost cases, the greatest hurdle to be overcome. He must want to recover, and he must want to recover for himself, and not to satisfy his wife or his family.
APPROACH TO TREATMENT
In the alcoholic two impulses are in conflict, the need to drink, with its consequences, which eventually become unsupportable, and the need not to drink, with its consequences, felt for most of the time to be unsupportable. Only when the balance is reversed and the need not to drink becomes greater than the need to drink , can the alcoholic accept treatment. Left to himself, it may take him years to reach this level, and very often alcoholic poisoning, cirrho sis of the liver, suicide, or some other fatal disease will intervene. On the other hand, the process of "hitting bottom" may be accelerated by manipulating the consequences of his drinking/not drinking, if one under stands which consequences are most significant for the particular alcoholic. For example pressure may be brought to bear by a magistrate, an employer, or near relative: it must never be done in a spirit of retnbutIOn. It can only be done by one who is not himself in the grip of resentment, baffled by the problem of responsibility, or in need of a target for his own frustration.
It is essential therefore that anyone who is concerned with an alcoholic should come to terms with these difficult questions. It is not a matter of finding "right answer" to a problem that has occupied philosophers for centuries: it is a matter rather of each person finding an answer that is right for himself. What will be right for himself will be that of the problem w.hich enables him to appreCiate most sympathetIcally the conflict that is waging within the alcoholic person, while at the same time enabling him to preserve the objectivity essential in deaumg with any serious human problem. He will then be in the best position to exercise whatever pressure or persuasion seems most
(Continued on page 28)
s of ide nti f i ca ti o n H e m e nti o n e d a l e it e r f r o nt a cas u a lt y w hi c h r ead " 1 s aw th e Bri gade uni fo rm a n d k n ew th a t J was a ll ri g ht. I co ul d r e l ax-J w a s in good h ands."
T h e pr ese ntati o n s of awa r ds h e m a d e incl ll ded 23 Gr a n d Pri o r's B adges, an o u ts t a n d i ng
n llmb e r.
T h e Co mmi ss i o n e r , Mr. H. R S. P ocock a nn o un ced, w ith r eg r e t th e r e tir e m e nt of Jur a t G.
Ma l e t d e C art e r e t , Co unt y Pr es id e nt w h o pr ese nt ed a f la g t o th e Bri g ad e t o mar k th e O cc a s i o n.
Co mmi ss i o n e r P ocock., wh o wa s al so r e tirin g, r ece ive d a s urpri se g ift o n b e half o f th e Brig ad e a s undial an d r a in ga u [, e w hi c h we re pr ese nt e d b y A dmir a l Di ck.. Mr P ocock is w ritin g a b ook
abo ut th e Bri ga d e in J e rsey w hi c h we h o p e o b e a bl e t o r ev i ew in th e " R ev i ew "
S
ON E OF TH E hi g hlig ht s in Gl o u ces t e r l as t yea r was t he )'is i of D a m e B a r ba r a Cozens (Chief
N ur s in g O ff ce r ), w h o is see n in s p ec tin g No 10 Com p a n y N ur si n g Cadets a t t he Coun t )
R e l i ew h e l d at Kin gs h o lm Ru gby Gr o lln d , Gl o u ces t e rs hir e.
Glouce le r h re Ec h o
Rear-Admiral Royer Dick
LANCASHIRE
LEICESTER
Ambulance Field Day at Bridgate
THE P ARKV ALE DIVISION, Leicester, together with "Casualties Union" staged a special "Fie ld Day " to demonstrate the type of injuri es which had to be dealt with by the members on First Aid duty. The Arthur Faire Nursing Di vision took part in the exercise which included demonstrating the correct application of artificial respiration in a case of drowning. Divisional Surgeon Dr. J. Ashton supervised the attention to the "casua lti es "
P. W. Jackson
SUFFOLK
"Digging In"
Chantry Ambulance Cadet Division
MEMBERS have been doing a fine job for the old folks. In July, last year, they sta rt ed clearing up the ga rd ens of elde rly people living in Ipswich and in three months had put in over 2,000 hours on the Chantry Estate. Mrs. Longhurst (81), is watching the boys at work and said that she thought it wonderful that they should bother. "I cannot dig myself," she said "an.d nobody else will. Recently I couldn't rest in. bed thinking how bad it was."
Anglian Daily Times
THE PRESTON CORPS Nursing and Ambulance Cadets held a very successful barbecue for the second year in succession. All arrangements were made by Dr. D. W. J. O'Neil, and it appears that it will become an annual event at Alston.
A Letter to "Woman"-Big Moment
A keen member of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, I was bored when there seemed no call for my services at a rugby match. Then a player ran up , clutching his ribs and yelling for a bandage. I hurried proudly forward to cope with the emergency.
And, indeed, my first aid saved the day. The player was soon able to return to the field-with a bandage holding up his shorts in place of the elastic!
GLOUCESTERSHIRE
Gloucester Cadets help at local Fete
EVERY YEAR St. Catherine's Parish Church has a fete, the proceeds of which they generously share with local charitable organisations. Picture shows Ambulance Cadets David Wagstaff and David Faulkner on the "hot dog" stall.
The Citizen
MISS P. c.: Horsforth.
WORCESTERSHIRE
EVESHAM AMBULANCE DIVISION seen at their weekly pracdce Last yea r was a ve ry busy one for them for in addition to their average of some 2,000 hours of duty th ey had to rais e funds for th e n ew ambulance.
Div. Supt. K. Mitchell said: " In this modern age of motorways th e need for first aid train ed p e rs onne l is becoming urgent." The Di v ision also had a busy time at their lutt in Abb ey Park and among picnick e rs on the Crown Meadow.
Evesham Journal
DEVON
ST. GEORGE'S ROAD CADET DIVISION form a guard of honour for the 1967 Hospital Princess, Diane Mills (10), and her two attendants Jane Southby and Elaine B ennett, at the League of Friends of D evo nport Hospital fete last summer. More than 500 people attended.
Western Evenin g H(nalm
OXFORDSHIRE
MRS. PAULINE WILLIS (above), learning eme rg ! I1cY resusc itati on from Dr. D. F. Coles, County Superint e ndent CN), Oxfordshire, at a demonstration g il 'en at th e Southern Gas B oa rd 's showrooms last year This was one of many demonstrations and displays h eld in the county in th e ir' 1967 Appeal Year-not only for funds hut as a {rain ing and r ec ruitin g ca mpaig n.
Oxrord Mall
RHODESIA
ORDER OF ST. JOHN COMMANDERY IN CENT RAL AFRICA-INVESTITURE [N SALISBURY, RHODESIA. Picture sholVs H.E. Si r Humphr ey Gibbs, K.C.M.G., K.C.v.O., O.B.E. , investi n g Brigadier Collins, Director of Ambulance and Commandery Commissioner, as a Knight of the Order of St J ohn, at a ceremony h eld at Government HOLise la st September.
UGANDA
FIRST AID and Safety Officers at the Kilemebe Mines when they discussed trainin g and specialised equ ipment for use in preventing accidents and in th e event of an emergency.
Left to ri gh t: First Aid Officer ,of the Mines, Mr. P. Kagoro; Mr. John Kintu; and, second from right, Mr. Albe rt , Safety Officer.
KENYA
MR. JACK M. BENNION, G.M., inspecting members of the East African a lld Harbours S.l.A.B. II hen he r etired from the Authority last veal' Mr. Bennion is still the Distr ic t Staff Officer, Kenya District. On /1is left is Mr. H. D Odab a, Corps Superintendent, and on his right
A.S.O. M r. H. P. Odolil. it was a "fa r ewe ll " parade (fortunately ill one se ns e only).
ST. LUCIA
The New St. John Ambulance Headquarters
IN JANUARY St. John in St. Lucia ce l ebra t ed two special event s. HE Th e Governor, Si r Fred e rick Clarke, b ecame the first Knight of the Order in th e Island and th ei r new H .Q. was opened b y him. In the October issue (1967) HE. Sir Frederick Clarke, who is Pr esident of the St. John Council, is seen performing the Foundation ceremony.
WALES
Senny Bridge & District Cadets
RAISED £22 14s. 6d. by Carol singing and Mary Brown and Anthony J eff reys presented a ch eq u e for this amount to Mrs. Freda Morgan, Chairman of the Church of England Children s Society.
CONGRAT:ULATIONS TO TWO NEW ZEALAND BRIGADE DIVISIONS
AUCKLAND NATIONAL RESERVE AMBULANCE DIVISION , which has fun c tioned continuously since its formatio n in 1916, ce l e brated its J ubilee and received congratulations from the Commissioner-in-Chief this ywr.
DUNEDIN AMBULANCE DIVIS ] ON celebrate their 75th Anniversary. The Brigade was first formed in New Ze al an d in f i rs t overse(fls-and ;tO W has a total strength of nearly 10,000 26
KENT
Cadet of the Year
L AST YEAR 12-year-old Ambulance Cad et Richard Twort was presented with the a w ard for Ambulance Cadet, Tunbrid ge Wells , 1967. The presentations of all a wa rds was made by C.ommander C. R. Bur gess, Area Commi ssione r, w h o was also inspecting officer. At the same event Ambulance Cadet Sergeant Patrick D elaine r eceived his Service Shield and 7th proficiency certificate.
Ambu lan ce Cadet Pat rick Cross combined his enrolment into the D ivision with qualifying for his first proficiency certificate in f irefighting.
Tunbrid ge W e lls Ad\'eni er
LONDON DISTRICT
PICTURE SHOWS Cadets Harry Croft and Da v id Brownsell offering refreshment to three v isiting S.J.A.B officers--left to ril{ht: the Area Superintendent, Mr. S H. Smith , the Area Staff Officer (C), Mr. L. Chapman and Area Surgeon Dr. Osborn e, during a recent ce l ebration socia l evening at St. Augustine' s Hall, Park R oad, Ric kmansworth.
N.B. - Area Surg eon Osb o rne narrowly escaped se ri ous injury during the Brigade Finals 1967 , at Fairfields Hall , when a vacuum clean er crashed through the glass ceiling of the h{111 in w hi ch he was judging the individual competi ti ons.
Alcoholism: Some Problems of Responsibility
-con t frGm page 10
appropriate in the particular case, in order to re®rientate t.he alcoholic away froID hi s $lll icidal end in the direction of sob riet y. Only then can treatment be commenced.
POEMS FROM HOSPITAL
An Antho1oBY
Edited by
J€an and Howard S€rneant
BEFORE THE ANAESTHETIC, OR A REAL FRIGHT
John Betjeman
I ntolerably sad, pr ofound
St. Giles' s bells are rin ging round,
They bring the slanting summe r rai n
To tap the chestnut b,oughs again
Whose shadowy cave of rainy leaves
The gusty belfry-song receives.
Intol e rabl y sad and true,
Victorian r ed and iewel blue,
The mellow bells are rin gi n g rOLtnd
And chffl rge the evening li gJ.7Jt with sound,
And I look motionless from b ed
On hefflvy trees (fllff/Jd purple red
And hear the midland bricks and tiles
Throw hack t he bells of stol1Je St. Giles, 28
Bells, ancien t now as castle walls,
Now hard and new as pi t c h p i ne
Now full w ith help from ages past,
N ow dull w ith death and hell at last.
Swing up! an.d give me hope of life,
Swing down! and plunge the su rgeo n 's knife.
I , brea thi ng fo r a moment, see
D ea th I,vi n g himself away f r ol17 me
And think, as on th is bed I li e,
Is it extin c ti on wh e n I die?
I move my limbs and lise my sig ht ;
Not yet, thank God, not yet the Night.
Oh better far those echo ing hells
Half-thr ea t ened in th e pea lin g bells
Th.an that this 'I' s hould cease to be--
Come quickly, Lord, come qui c k to me.
St. Giles's bells are asking now
'And hast th o u kn ow n th e Lord , ha s t thou?'
St. Giles' s bells, they richly ring
And was that Lord o ur Ch ri st the King?'
St. Giles's bells they hear me c all
I NEVER KNEW THE LORD AT ALL.
Oh not in me yo ur Sav i o ur dl vells
You ancient, ri ch St. Giles's b e lls.
Illuminat ed missalsr-spires--
Wide screens and d eco r ated
All these I l oved, and on my kn ees
I thanked myself fo r kn o win g th ese
And watc h ed the mornin g sun li g ht pass richly s t a in ed Victorian gl ass
And in the colour -s haft ed air
I , kneeling, thou g ht the Lord was th ere.
Now, lying in the g ath e rin g mist
I kn ow that Lo rd did n o t ex ist ;
Now, l est thi s 'I' s h o uld cease t o be,
Come, real Lord , come quic k fo m e
With every gust the ches tnut s ighs,
With every breath a mortal die s;
The man who smil ed alone, a l one,
And went his journey on hi s ow n
With 'Will yo u g i ve my wif e this le tt e r,
In case, of cou rs e, I don't get better?
Waits for hi s coffin lid to close
On waxen h ead and y e ll ow toes. Saviour, had I Faith
There'd be no fight with kindl y Death.
Intol erab l y l ong and deep
St. Giles s bells swing on in. sleep:
'But still yOLt go from h e re alone'
Say all the bells about the Throne by courtesy of the Author and publishers.
ORDER OF ST. JOHN ADMISSIONS, APPOINTMENTS and PROMOTIONS
Her Majesty the Queen, Sovereign Head, has approved the following Admissions to and Promotions in the Order of St. John
F or Appointment to the Grade of Knight
C a pt a in Sir Gilbert Inglefield , T.D.; Lieut.-Colonel Arthur Goring;
H. E. Sir Frederick C larke (Governor of St. Luci a); H. E. Sir Fred P hillips, K.C.M.G. (Gover n or of St. Kitts)
F or Appoin tme nt as Chapl a in and S ub-Prel ate
The Very Rev. M a rlin G oster Sullivan, D ean of St. P au l's.
F or Appointm ent to the Grade of Commander (Brother)
The Lord Rupen Nevill ; Surgeon Captain Char les Patrick Collins
D.S.C. , M.D ., D.P H. R .N.; Fre derick Willi am Charles Pennington O.B.E.; M a llhew Athey; George Ho war d Goronwy Ow e n Hughes, M.C. , M.B. Ch.B , M R.C.S ., L.R.C.P., D.P H.; Ro y Fr a ncis Trethewey Pope; Eri c Simp so n Smith ; R obert Thom as Bax, L.D.s. , R.C.S ; John George Rochester ; Air Commodore Willi a m Burne Thorburn M B. , C h B. D P H ., D 1.H.; Surgeon R ea r-Admir a l Stanley Miles M.D ., e h B., M .S.C., D T M. & H ., R Robert Franci Browning.
Fo r Appointment to the Grade of Commander (Sister) Marg are Joan Mi ss Holloway; Loi s sa bel Mr To w nsend; Elizabeth Mrs. Bilk. B.Sc.; Dori s Edith M argare Mr Hoadley The Lady Moyra Browne, O B.E. , S.E Miriam Gertrude, Mi ss Hull ; Air Comma nd ant D ame P a ulin e Giles, D B.E., R R.C. , S C Q.H S. ; Lady Clarke ( Wife of the Governor of Sl. Luci a); L ady Phillip s (Wife of the Governor ofSt. Kill ).
Fo r Appointment to the Grade of Officer (Brother) George Er kine Johnston e, M B. , Ch.B.; Charle Edward Town; Nigel J acka m a n ; Willi a m Rowl a nd Earp; M ajo r Rich ard Carr -G omm; Ma jo r H am is h Stewa rt F o rbes; Rodney Des mood Galpin; Derek Asthur Hill ; J ohn R eader Welch J ohn Fi e ld P a r h a ll ; Anthon y John H ay nes Frederick Ja mes Read; Dr Allan Win s ton Morei r a, J P .; Arthur James Bunch; Samuel John Eaton; M aurice W a lt e r H a rri s; William Fra ncis Sh a rp ; Frederick Arthur S y m onds; J a m es W a lter W eb b , B .E. M. Henry W a t on; M ajo r Sydney Jose ph H arvey, O.B.E. Arthur George oble; H erbe rt Frederick KnOll; Kenneth H e rbert W a lter, M.R.C.S.
L.R.C.P.; Regin ald Clifford Willi ams, M.B .; M a urice Fox; Ernest J a mes Fo ley; Arthur George Goves , M B.E John Richard Gregory; Jo se ph J a me Arthur Brook; W a lte r Regi nald Casling; R obert William H a rris; Franc s Charles R olfe; George Albert King ; Philip Roy Steve ns, M.R C S. L. R .C. P. Henry Al exa nd e r John ston; Arthur George Rich ard Bone S.E ; J oseph George W a rner; D a niel Br yers; Leonard John Field; Willi a m H aro ld In s ley ; Willi a m Henry Str a ng Frank Wil ia m Murkin
S.R B T .A.; R eg inald Albert W a lk e r; Willi am Bromfi e ld Ma urice
D e nham Ernest Hukin ; D av id W ar d ; Fr a nk Ernest Colvin Barnes; Alfred Edward M o ul; D avid oe l M a rtin Sco tt-W ar re n M R.C.S
L.R.C.P.; aac Hi p hon , M.B ., Ch.B., M.R .C. S ., L.R .C. P.; Kenneth William D ona ld D.Sc. M A ., M D ., M.B .• F.R .C. P F.A.S.E.; H a rold Ian McClure, F.R .C. S F.R.C.O.G., M P.; Fr a nci s Edward Camps, M D ., M B., B.S. , M.R.C.P , D.T.M. & H. Tony Willi a m Alphonsus
G le ni s ter , T.D. , D .Sc. Ph D. , M.B.; George Buchan.an , B.L., L.R.C.P.,
D P.E. , D.I.H. D T.H D P .A.; M ajor-G e n e ra l Rich a rd James Moberly , e. B., O.B.E. ; Win g Commander Rhy s Tudor Br ac kley J o nes F.R .C. S ., L.R.C.P Tan Sri Wong Pow Nee, P.M Peter Mal.den Studd; Ma jor Francis R oger Tngham; Percy Erne L es li e Foot: Juli a n Fr a nklyn (on a ppointment as P erso n a l E quire to M r. C. H. C. Pirie-Gordon); Dr. Nel a mvetil K a runakara Menon A.M N. , J.P
For Appointm ent to the G r ade of Associate Officer (Brother)
Ng Khoon Hong; Ng Yin Fong J.P.; Dr. Ooi Phee Tu a n Tan Sri MohammedS a ll eh b in 1 mae l P.M N., P.J.K.
For Appointment to the G rade of Officer (Sister) Thelma Eve y n Mi ss Whitbreaci; Ruth Jane Victoria , Mi s Hind, S.R.N. S C M.; Nellie, Mr s. Smith' Vera Vivi a n, Mi ss Ma lya n Ivy Li li an, Mi ss R obi nso n Doroth y Joan, Mrs Mullig a n ; Beatr ice M a ry, Miss Wood Dorothy Edith Mi s Chi nn ; Frances May, Mrs. Newson Sybjl Miss Griffiths, S.R N., S.C.M Sq u adro n Office r Bella Birnie Murison, R F.N. S.C.M .; Dori s, Mrs Timm , J P
For Appointment to the Grade of Serving Brother
The R evd. E ric F rank in Tinker, M.A. (Ass i tant Chap a in ); J ohn James Harri Maurice Franci Ron.ayne, O.B.E ., T.D. , M.B. Ch.B.; John Char es Si ze r ; C hi ef Technician R obert John Co llins; Surgeon Commaluder Mi c h ae l James Boy le, M.B" RCh. D L.O., R.N.; W ard ma s ter Lieutenant Comma nd e r O af Allen Saunders. F.R.S.H. , R.N ; Wardmaster Lieutenant Edward Victo r Bi s hop R.N.; Frederick J a mes Trevor Roy Willi a m Sh iret; Geoffrey Willi a m Edwards; James Patrick C li rfford; Veli a n Kotain BmmaJil ue l P.J.L<..; Dato Dr. Wee Kh00n Hock LL.D., P.M .K.; Major (Dr.) 1. N ata r a j:ln. P.J K.; J osep h R om8u ld Menezes, P.J.K.; Anthon y Lim Seow Kun g, P J K.; Yeoh Yeun Chong; MarLin
THE KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN
The first edition of the history of the Order by the late Sir Edwin King was published in 1924 entitled "The Grand Priory of the Order of the Ho spital of St. John of Jerusalem in England." Sir Edwin was a man with many cultural and humanitarian interests, foremost amongst them was his association with the Order in which he held three of its Executive Offices as Regi stra r , Librarian and Chancellor.
Sir Harry L uk e, Bailiff Grand Cross, Bailiff of Egle of the Order , has revi sed and continued this fascinating work.
Published by The Order of St. John. Price 50s.
The Edwina Mountbatten Trust is the memorial to a great woman. The proceeds of the sale of this book goes to a fund which supports St. John, the nursing profession and children all over the world.
In February 1960 we were stunned by the news of her death. In 1968 we can remember her by contributing to the interests for which she gave her life.
EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN
HER LIFE IN PICTURES
Compiled and Edited by Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock Superintendent-in-Chief, St. John Ambulance Brigade
7s. 6cl. each
7s. each orders for ten or over (postage extra in each case)
Published by Macdonald
Orders to:
Edwina Mountbatten B(!)ok, 1 Grosvenor Cliescent, L0ndon, S. W.l
Telephone: 01-235 5231 30
For Appointment to the Grade of Associate Serving Brother Dr. Sulaiman bin Mobd Attas, P J.K. J .P.; The HOR. Dato Paduka W aha b Ariff; Dr. T. Visvanathan; Gurcharan Singh S/O R a m Singh , A.M.N.; D ato Hashim bi n Haji Mol.amed, S P.M.K. , S J.M.K.; Inche M0bammad bin Nawi; Chew Keat Hoe; Mohd Meah bin B a ba Ahmed, S.T.D., S.R.N.; Tan Chooi Hoe, P.J.K.
For Appointment to the Grade of Serving Sister Lilian Rose, Mrs. Weeks ; Elsie Kitty, Miss Matthews; Alice Mary, Miss Gadd , A.R.R.C.; Elsie Milanda, Miss Clowes; Devaki, Mrs. Krishnan , A.M.N.; J ane Frances, Miss Marginson; Ethel SteIJa, Mrs. PraiJI; Jean , Miss ShuttiewortJ1; P atr ici a Gladys, Miss Stokoe; Sheila Margaret, Mrs. Cato; Vera Grace, Mrs. Chapman; Lucy May, Miss Bostin; Marjorie Josephine, Miss LittJeton, B .A.; May, Miss Grimshaw; Hilda Ann, Mrs. Phillips ; Stella Olive Mrs. Kendall; Frances Marie Mrs. Alexander; Winifred Mrs. Bootl1 Emily Mary, Mrs. W eat herburn Agnes, Mrs. West ; Matilda , Mrs. Liadsay, S.R.N., S .C. M. ; Ada Cooper, Miss Crofts, S.E.A.N.; Nellie Grao:e Hilder, Miss Libbis; D o ris Mabel, Miss PowelJ; M a rjorie Grace, Mrs. Kingsman, S.R.N.; Mary, Mrs. Priaulx; Jo a n Gladys May, Mrs. Boden Bessie Alice, Mrs. Holmes Tiedt; Sylvia Joy, Mrs. Jones, S.R.N.; Pamel a, Mrs. Appelbee; Olwen Mary, Miss D avies, S.R.N.; Amy Violet, Mrs. Snowdon, S.R . ; Minnie Lois, Miss Gurney; Olive, Mrs. Kesby; Iris Glynne Mrs. Houchin; Mabel Edith , Miss Frost; Florence, Miss Cahill; Elizabeth Mrs. Cartmell; Frances May, Miss Parker; Clarice, Mrs. Riddington; Doroth y Margaret, Miss PooJe; Marjorie, Mrs. North; Marjorie, Miss Eassom; Gladys Mary, Mrs. Coulson; D aisy Ethel, Miss Mortin1er; Freda Margaret, Mrs. Plimmer; Louie Ellen, Miss Hedges; Kathleen J oyce Mrs. Styles; Annie, Mrs. Richards; Winifred Ro se, Mrs. Woodward; Millicent R ose, Miss Crosdale; Winifred, Mrs. Newman; WinifTed Joyce, Mr. Parslow; Ada, Mrs. Dednl an; Emily Elizabeth , Mrs. Bugg; Lottie Ellen, Mrs. SpenceT; Jean Selina, Mrs. Morland; Edith, Mrs. Bus by ; Muriel Agnes Mary, Miss Bi shop; Kathleen Anne, Mrs. Smith , S.R.N., S.C.M.; Marion, Miss Winn, B.A.; Eve, Mrs. Webb; Felice Maude. Mrs Treloggen; Norah Webb, Mrs. Parry ; Annie Sabina. Miss B a ll ; D oris, Mrs. Wilkinson; Margaret, Mrs. Mitchiner; Winifred Jessie, Mrs. Searle; Mary Ommann ey, Miss Downs; Margaret Hilda, Mr. Noon; Frances Thornton , Mrs. Hitchman; Edna Beatrice Mrs. Hendry, S.R.N.; Florence Doroth y, Miss Brown; Mary Sutherland Miss Sainsbury, S.R.N.; Rita Gwendoline, Mrs. Alsworth; Elsie May, Mrs. Williams-Hubbard; Dorothy Mrs. Willie; Alice Mrs. Tarran; Minnie Gertrude, Miss Dunham; Emily, Mrs. R outh; Joan, Mrs. Wride; Muriel, Mrs. Greenwood; Lilian, Mrs. Smith ; Martba Emmeline Annie, Miss Lether; E dith Mary, Miss Reveley; Kathleen Mrs. Nicholson, S.R.N., S.C.M ; Annie, Mrs. Snow; Mary, Mrs. Page; Winifred Maud, Miss Langley; Amy, Mrs. Hall am; Dorothy, Miss Speight; Muriel, Mrs. Chappell; Alice, Miss Haigh; Phyllis, Mrs. Cordey; Elizabeth, Mrs. Courtney; Grace Anne, Mrs. Bowden.
For Appointment to the Grade of Esquire
Captai n O swald Nigel Amher t Cornwallis Cecil , R .N. (To be Esquire on Appointment as Persona l Esquire to Rear-Admiral R oyer Dick).
PRIORY OF SCOTLAND
For Appointment to the Grade of Dame Mary Winifred Lady Warren.
For Appointment to the Grade of Officer (Brother)
William John Watson Gra h am; Alexander Thomson ; D aniel Duncan D.L J.P.; Willi a m Michie, M.B.E., M.B., Ch.B., F.R.C.S.; Thomas Falconer Rob son, M.A., C.A.; D avid Cook Smitb; John Gray Martin, M.B ., Ch.B.; George W allace, S.S.c.
For Appointment to the Grade of Officer (Sister)
Frances Ross, Mrs. Hamilton; Abigail McMillan, Mrs. McCallum; Rosanna Phillips Mrs. Arbuckle; Irene, Mrs. Kelsey; Sophia Ainslie, Mrs. Sivewrigbt Sheila Hill, Miss Grant, M.A.
For Appointment t@ the Grade of Serving Brother
Raymond MacG arva Harris, C.A.; Alexander Irving Henderson; Henry Palmer Henderson; DOl!Jgl as Campbell, B.Sc., M.B., Ch.B., M.R .C.G. P .; Walter Underwood, F.R.I.B.A., F.R.LA S.; James McGregor Sinclair.
For Appointment to the Grade of Serving Sister
Yvonne Menna, Mrs. Leggat Smith, M.A., B.A.; Maud Perry, Dr. Menzies; GeTtrude Florence, Miss Grant; Joycelyn Frances, Mrs. Allison; Margaret Marshall, Mrs. M acLeod, M.A.; Winifred Mary, M 'l's. Marshall; HiJda Mary Isabella, Mrs. Strachan; Mary MacDonald, Mrs. Yule; Elizabeth St0kesberry, Miss Kirkpatrick; M arg a ret, MFS. McGihlbon; Jam.et De ra, Miss Gill; Marjorie, Mrs. Mander; Anne Betty Hirst, Mrs Bolaok; Wimifred Alice Mrs. Killg01!lr; Al'lne M 0ssman, Miss Ormist0n; Winifred Ethel, Mrs de V'l'ies.
FOll Appointm ent to the Grade of Esquire
James Shanel Sivewright (as Person a l Esquire to Captai.n J. Shand Sivewright).
PRIORY FOR WALES
F or Appointment to the Grade of Commander (Brother)
Colonel Charles William Nevill, O.B.E. , T.D. (Lord Lieutenant of Carma rthenshire)
F or Appointment to the Grade of Esquire
Jeffrey Getbin Lewis (for ap pointment as Person al Esquire to Lieut.Colo nel J. R. L. Traherne, D .L.).
PRIORY IN AUSTRALIA
F or Appointment to the Grade of Knight
Robert J ames Dymond; Dr. Willi am Ellis George; Dr. Neville George HoddJe.
F or Appointment to the Grade of Commander (Brother)
James Sinclair Stodart; Robert Leslie Craigie; Dr. Arthur William Burton; Henry James Robert s; Daryl Clinton Myers.
F or Appointment to the Grade of Commander (Sister)
Amelia Frances, Miss Field; Eva Annie, Miss Bush; Elizabeth, Miss Pert; Edna Mary, Miss Shaw , O.B.E.
F or Appointment to the Grade of Officer (Brother)
Lieut.-Co lo nel Leonard WilUam Henry Butts; Captain Edward Michael C rouch; Dr. Terence Willoughby Herdman-Porter; Dr. Robert Soutbby; F rank Schermbrucker; Ron ald George Markham; John Wilfred Greene; Dr. Rodney James Hudson; Dr. John Vincent Vaughan; Thomas Osborne McGee; William Albert Sydney Adams; Alfred Stanley Barker, J .P.; Roy Stuart Osmond; Sir Frank Packer, C.B.E.
F or Appointment to the Grade of Officer (Sister)
Lillian Myrtle Mrs. Gleeson; Margaret Anne, Mrs. Wilkinson; Minabel Bertha, Mrs. Reid; Honora Laura, Miss Morris, F.C.N.A.; Keitha Valerie, Mrs. Scarr, S.R . ; Reit a Effie, Mrs. Folbigg; Elsa Karin Rigmor, Mrs. Albert.
F or Appointment to the Grade of Serving Brother
The Very Re v. Eric Michael Webber , Dean of Hobart; Paul William Meyers; Percy Aitchison; Regin ald Wakeham Bartels; Bruce Alpin C amp bell; Dr Brian Aniliony Connor; Albert John Ralpb Edgar Ashley Mason; John Rich a rd s; Allan Greenlees; Kevin John Kain; Dr. James Allan Mawdsley; John Owen Jones; Mervyn Goodall; Dr. John D avi d Sear by ; J ames Henry Jord an; Lloyd Evelyn Wigg; John Alfred Ryan; Donald D avid Thomas; Kenneili Charles Naisbitt; James Langstone C ronk; Warren Murray Burgess; James Sebastian Dunne B.A.; Stanley Raymond Grosser; Dr Noel John Mitchell; Albert Edward Abell; Thomas Charles Irving; Lionel Perce Tierney; Loris Philip Blashki, M.B., B. S., J P.; Colonel Neville Percy Breden M.B., B.S., R .A.M .C. (Rtd.); Dr. Rob ert Dick ; Ronald Charles Ferrier; Robert Arthur Garry; Dr. Peter William Harvey Grieve; Dr. Alan Richard Hazelton; Dr. R aymond Maxwell Glennie Holmes; Dr. Colin William Chisholm Langton; F rede rick Ro y Sansom; Graham Thomas Smith; Alan Hammond Claude Wynter; Peter Geoffrey Huxley; Trevor Willi am Manser, F.C.A.; Alan Porter Nangle.
F or Appointment to the Grade of Associate Serving Brother Dr. Morris Cohen.
F or Appointment to the Grade of Serving Sister Madge Enid, Mrs. Gibson; Nola Dorotl1y, Mrs. Fairhurst; Dr. Joan Hazel Welch; Marjorie Eva, Mrs. Bound y; Patricia Thelma Newell, Miss Wright; Jessie Enid, Miss Lade; Dulcie, Miss Dempsey; Jessie, Mrs. Hart; Madeline, Miss Porter Vida Kathleen, Miss Skinner; Beryl Mrs. McFadyen, O.B.E.; Lily Elfrida, Mrs. Stephenson; Dorothy Mary, Mrs. Pearce
COMMANDERY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA
For Appointment to the Grade of Commander (Brother) Dr. Lancelot Graham Bowser Cumpston; John Martin Lavan.
F or Appointment to the Grade of Officer (Brother) David Millar; William Arthur Cooper; Cyril George Clarence Wayne.
For Appointment to the Grade of Officer (Sister) Isobel Millicent, Mrs. Chinery; Jean Malcolm, Mrs. Marshall; Frances Dorothy, Miss Paxman.
For Appointment to the Grade of Serving Brother Dr. Edward Staruey Bompas; Henry James Eade; William Frederick Gilhlept; Dr. Eugelile Granville Le Breton; Donald George Macleay; William Francis MaloEey; William Edward Poole; Leonard Oliver Sigge; Kevin James Young.
For Appointment to the Grade of Serving Sister Doris Mollie, Mrs. Gilbride; Heather Aid a, Mrs. McManis; Enid Alfreda, Mrs O'Halloran
31
COMMANDERY OF ARDS
For Appointment to the Grade of Officer (Brother) Reginald Hamilton Livingston, M.D. , F R.C.S.; Gerald Herbert Sheridan, B.E.M.; James Wilson.
For Appointment to the Grade of Officer (Sister) Margaret, Mrs. Crawford.
For Appointment to the Grade of Serving Brother Denis Theodore Archdale; Thomas AJbert Smallwoods; Gerald William Donaldson , M.B., B .Ch
For Appointment to the Grade of Serving Sister Jeannie Mrs. Rodgers
Roberta Joyce, Mrs. Cooper; Charlotte May, Mrs. Neely, S R.N .; Peggy Kennedy, Miss Macleod; Harriet Evaline, Mrs. Campbell, S.R.N., S C.M .; Mary, Miss Wilson; Jane Esther, Mrs. Johnston; Marion Janet, Mrs. Greeves, M.B.E.; Anna Stewart, Miss Maedonald; Jean, Miss Logan.
Home Accidents and the Under Fives-cont. from page II
features and more traditional aspects of housing and living.
Although severe accidents do occur, of course, as our fatality lists and other statistical tables show, fortunately these are relatively few and far between when set against the enormous numbers of the many and varied more minor mishaps. In the areas of high pop\'Ilation only a period of two or three weeks was required to obtain the required number of "cases" for investigation. Conversely a longer time was necessary for this in the rural areas. The fourth dimengion-Time-therefore is not standard in the two areas of investigation.
The "accidents"-not the injury but the overall picture-were given a purely personal appreciation as "trivial," "significant," i.e., potentially dangerOU$, or "severe." Of the latter none were listed in these areas in these relatively short periods of time. In Sheffield-74 per cent were classed as "trivial" and 26 per cent as "significant." In Tiverton-62 per cent were considered to be "trivial" and occurring in innocent situations and 38 cent to be "significant." In Sheffield half of the "significant" accidents involved the ingestion of alien substances-four of them with medicines, aspirin twice, slimming tablets once, and one child was drunk after getting at the Christmas sherry. In Tiverton only a quarter of the "significant" cases were due to ingestionsone with aspirin, one with bleach (the bottle being within reach on the draining board), and two sisters had a convivial lunch-time session with a of camphorated oil! Even with these very small numbers one wonders at the number of poisonings, although fortunately none was serious. In Sheffield 33 per cent of "significant" accidents involved thermal injury; and in Tiverton there was a similar incidence. In Sheffield 17 per cent of such significant accidents involved traumatic agents-in the main from falls. In Tiverton approximately 42 per cent were due to traumatic causes-three out of the eight being street accidents, one a wringer injury and another a palatal penetration from falling with a pencil in the mouth-potentially quite a dangerous event. Of the two cuts one was from a broken milk bottle and another child discovered a razor blade in her grandmother's house. Even these simple events suggest wider implications and ideas for propaganda in prevention. I know that these numbers are far too small to be of any realistic significance but the value of small numbers lies in the fact that it is possible to appreciate the total picture of each "accident" from the data provided-an appreeiation which becomes lost in the complexities of a computeris @d alilalysis.
Some of the facts which emerge from this very small inspection of only a fraction of the total 32
survey seem to reinforce one's previous knowledge and experience and suggest new areas of action, thus-
1. There is an importance in the architecture and design of our homes, and of furniture and equipment. Sharp corners of protruding wall junctions and the sharp edges on furniture-the so-called clean lines of the advertisements-are significant in relation to falls in the home; and injuries to fingers from the conventional hinged and swinging doors continually occur.
2. Medicine cupboards must be universally provided and must be kept locked but still should be placed out of the reach of children. It is the poisonous agent left carelessly and thoughtlessly within reach which causes an accident, and the danger of many common domestic agents and medicines does not seem to be generally appreciated.
3. Cooking, washing dishes and attending to a baby are common ploys of the person in charge of others and, therefore, constitute a time for especial care on their part with regard to the activities of others in their charge. Each leads to a comparative immobility of the individual, as also does pregnancy.
4. The insertion of foreign bodies into inaccessible apertures of the body, especially the mouth and nose, is a common pastime of small children; but it is seldom dangerous unless the object is inhaled .
5. Many families have fireguards but they do not always use them and the guards are often intentionally removed by parents at the most dangerous times.
6. Falls-usually on the level-are relatively common and are toddler tumbles in the main; and raised hearths are potential traps for trippers. Stair gates seem seldom to be fitted.
7. The social-problem home with the illegitimate child, the unmarried mother, the overcrowded home and the large household, the financially unstable home, especially when stemming from social rather than economic causes, provide accident-prone situations.
(Continued on page 35)
It is very much regr etted that con tributions to th e "Review" cannot be acknowledged unless further information is required. PLEASE alwa ys ty p e or print titl es and names in capital letters. Zf pictures are to be returned please enoto se a st (jf;mped e lwelop e and I will make eve ry e ffort to do so but reg ret that I cannot promise. In order to make th e "Review" pay , every possibl e eco nomy is being exe rcised which includes the Editor undertaking all clerical and sec retarial work
"I had a Good One last Week"
Dear Colleagues, "I had a good one last week."
How often have we heard this said? Indeed, how often have we said it ourselves and gone on to bore somebody with the details. Rarely do people write about their cases and rarer still do they put them into the form of the following, which was part of a letter that I received recently. The writer is a Brigade Officer who recently moved from London out into the country and loves it. Life is running at disaster level and, in one way, last night put the proverbial lid on it. You want to know? Brace yourself, I'm going to tell you anyway.
Our village is about six miles from our market town, and I was on my way home in the darkcoming in fact from the St. John meeting. The back of the car was packed with many things , including a box of casualty make-up, bottles of blood and the lot. I had on myoid throw-me-theplasticine-and-collodion clothes. Well, there I was driving very quietly down the narrow country road with not a soul in sight. Even the pheasants had the sense to be in bed, though the hares kept popping up in their usual suicidal manner every now and again. Who could guess what was round the corner ? Suddenly I see a car parked facing me a nd there is a man in the middle of the road waving his arms frantically at me I stop with a sigh. I have had this happen before. They rush up, peer in the window, look aghast, and mutter, "Oh! I thought it'd be a fella. I wanted a push." I prepare to explain that I am no fell a but the man runs to my car shouting, "Phone for an ambulance. Quick. There is a girl lying up there. She is unconscious and bleeding very badly."
Me: (thinks) Phone for an ambulance? But I am the one who should send him for an ambulance.
Me: (says) "I'm a first-aider. I'll have a look at her first."
Man: "Thank God!"
I grab my kit and tear up the road. There she is. On her side. Blood everywhere. Where the devil is it coming from? Her hand. No: her arm. Her There .it is. !wo razor slashes. Stop bleeding. She IS moamng slIghtly. Put on dressing. Wish my hands would keep still! Bleeding controlled. No obvious signs of anything else. Run back down the road, get in the car and bring it nearer. Headlights on. Now let's have a good look at her. Nothing else to find. Pulse 60. Diagnosis: Had a "go" at her arm and passed out at the resulting mess. Not enough blood or pulse to account for severe shock. Still "out" but shivering now. Send man for ruO' from my car. I get him to help me roll it up'
33
Suddenly it is snatched from my hand and I look up to find at least a dozen men standing around. Wonder vaguely where they all came from. Decide they probably crawled out of holes in the ground. Later events proved I was probably right. The Know All who took the rug now begins to lay it over her. "We'll have that under her," I say-not particularly sweetly. Begin all over again. I get down and ask Know All to pull her very slightly towards him till I tuck the rug in at her back.
Know All: "Oh! You mustn't do that! If you find anyone in the road you mustn't move them."
Me: (not very patiently) "I am a first-aider. I know what I am doing. Now will you please ... "
Know All: "Ah, but you see, if there are any broken bones you can do a lot of damage."
Me: (thinks) I love dearly and I know they are not too quick on the uptake ... but this is ridiculous.
Me: (says) "I am an officer in the St. John Ambulance Brigade. It is not your advice I want, it is your help. "
Know All crumbles. My moment of glory.
After this I began to worry a bit at the length of time it was taking her to come round . Surely she should have been out of a faint by now? I go over her again. Not a thing. The ambulance is on its way. The village bobby is panting onwards on hi s trusty two-wheeled steed Wi sh to goodness they would get a move on. Have I missed something? Tablets! Maybe she took drugs of some kind before doing the razor trick as an encore. Let's have a at those pupils again . At that point my headlIghts go out. I turn amazed and there is my friend Know All just closing my car door. Do you mind! Some people are as much use as a hole in the head. Pupils seem O K. as far as I can tell. Her handbag That's it. An empty bottle or bo x. Feverishly begin going through her bag. Know All gets down beside me
Know All: "Good idea. Looking for her address?"
Me: "No."
Know All: "Looks like she has had an epileptic fit."
Me: (thinks) Well thank you, Dr. Kildare. Me: (says) "Does it?"
How can one grow to so dislike someone in such a. short time? The awful thing is I maybe know hIm. I never at anybody but my patient. And I suppose a faIr number of them were villaO'e people. What a thought. I don't think I have been so rude in my life.
Anyway, there I am going through this wretched bag like a maniac. Well, I didn't find a bottle. I (Continued overleaf)
REVIEW CROSSWORD No. J
Compiled by W. A. Potter
ACROSS
1. On€ of Pasteur's achievements was to produce a VaC<l:iIle effective against its bite.
9. Sound indication of bronchitis.
10. Pati€nt requiring a high fluid intake.
11. Lat€ change in web-lik€ tissue.
12. Chambers of the heart
15. Glands producing food.
17. Ey€s ' and hands of the doctor- in his absence.
18. Only solution containing corrosive disinfectant.
"I had a Good O ne last W eek"-cont. didn't find a box. What I did find was the razor blade. And I found it with the ends of two fingers of my right hand. Have you ever felt a fool? I mean a real fool? T her e I stood in the full glare of the headlights with blood dripping all over the place. Is there a doct or in the ho u se? Struggling with a p u ny b it of el as t opl ast t r ying to stem the flow. My first aid bo x c overed in b loo d My bl oo d. Any furth er danger? Wh a t a l aug h B y the time I had treated casualty num b er 2 (namely me), casualty number one ha d a pu lse of 70 and ho oflipping-ray, was c oming r oun d And that is really the beginning of the st ory . b ut en ou gh is as good as a feast.
I got home event u ally, my hand looking mo st effeetive in blo od of my own gr oup. Very impressive I tho ught. C oncern wa s d u ly sh own b y b o th hu sband and eld er som. an d I la un ched enth u siastically into my tale. They were a wond erf ul a udience Eyes grew large and jaws d r opp ed. When I h ad finished I waited for the sou nd of cheering, 34
Food pf0ducer found in Phenol.
22. Nice action still could be result of eating unripe fruit.
23. lm.itially for fixation of fractures.
24. There could be an anaesthetic.
25. Part of house from which unsuspected listener drops.
26. Wearing away begins with sore back and ends with one of 3 down.
29. Sound of disease-spreading parasite?
33. Half-dose of laxative from seaweed?
34. Carelessness by First-Aider could convert this fracture
35. ". to this.
36. Elevated when brain is compressed. DOWN
2 Styptic salt.
3 Fonned from atoms by gain or loss of electrons.
4 Dread a form of poisonous snake.
5. Parenter al administration of fluid.
6. Assign shares in medicinal lotion.
7. Saintly manifestation of eye disease .
8. Patient with malaria , mumps or smalipox, for example .
13. Alimentary complaint produced by digit in nose.
14 Palsy due to its pressure in the axilla.
15. Mixed beers do produce skin ulcer in debilitated patients
16. Reduce tension.
19. Secretion beginning digestion.
20 Begin a cheer for large joint.
21. Sleep is inapt without it around.
27. Argue confusedly for folds in lining of empty stomach
28. Accidents will come to one's mind.
30. Appears to be centipede blood-sucker with irritating bite
31. Part of lung and tooth.
32. Emotion stimulating secretion of adrenalin.
trumpets (other than my own) blowing, and maybe the odd bell ringing. What happened?
My son looked me straight in the eye and said, "I don't believe it."
Pause to regain breath.
Me : (indignantly) "Well, how do you think I got my hand in such a mess?"
Son: "I don't know, but I feel sure there is a reasonable explanation!"
So there you are, village life has its moments. Who wo uld have thought that on that l ovely July night I would have found an attempted suicide? Mind you, I am fast getting to know h ow she felt!
This can't be page number five of types cript cop y ! Don't I get carried away? I think I sh ould be carried away!
Thank you fo r listening. Sorry I won't be b or ing YOM in person yet a while! Thanks again for writing
Yours till the bl ood stops fl owing, A First-Aider.
Home Accident s and th e Under Fiv e s-cont. fr om page 32
Stimulated, therefore, by these few emergent d ata of this small section of the survey and armed with some previous knowledge and experience, one is impressed by the large load of distress, if no t suffering, produced by the accident in the home; but one is grateful that so many of these are trivial. In these records one begins to see the si tuation and to recognise the family in which an " accident" is probable and to see the many aspects of architecture and design in our homes which require modification or provision. The potential hazards of a toddler's inquisitiveness and his modes of play are also spotlighted, and the family ci rcumstances and its stresses and strifes which may have an effect upon the occurrence of ac cidents are appreciated. The elimination or amelioration of these by education and propaganda in the correct quarters-to architects and th e designers and engineers of the many articles of furnishings and domestic equipment (by legislat ion if not by standard specification), and to all ad ults and older children in their homes and schools, and to the youngsters themselves in the games of their homes and gardens and nursery classes, and in their junior schools; by pamphlet and by advertisement and by television-especiallly by the latter-delivered as it is straight into the homes where it is most needed and where it may be watched by millions. The early experiences of most children nowadays are tinged, and sometimes ev en heavily tainted if not tarnished, by the fa ntasies of the television screen so permanently
illuminated in many homes which, otherwise, are so difficult to reach and influence by other methods. Much more co uld be done by a more liberal and more intelligent approach, both to the children themselves and to their parents, amongst whom there is a very general lack of appreciation, if not an active abrogation, of their responsibilities in the field of the protection of their children from accidental hurt. Many of them have little idea of the dangers lurking within their own homes and of their responsibilities on "saving their children." There is a tremendous field for and need for education in these matters for the children of today are the parents of the future and the ignorance and apathy in the public and in the parents of the present will be no less but greater in the future.
The relevant factors in the causation and in the prevention of accidents are obviously many, and the known facts are presently relatively few, but it is hoped that this survey directed as it is towards the protection from injury of a very vulnerable and very valuable section of society, when taken in conjunction with the others who work for the prevention of accidents, exemplified so adequately by The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, whose Golden Jubilee we celebrate at this time, will achieve some amelioration in a quarter where accidents happen a great deal more often than they should and where the effects of our ignorance and complacency may, from the mistake of a moment, last a lifetime.
B,· co urt esy of The R oyal Soci ety fo r th e Pre ve ntion of Acc id e nts.
Raffle Prize Winner s- cont. fr o m p ag e 7
The following counterfoils either had no name or no address, many of these are still unclaimed.
C26868 A3515
E58555 B16119
B17301 B12260
C26500
C26137 C25340
C25822 A1466
C25590 B13794
C26851 A6459
B14334 A4196
B13489 B12522
A5331 C26418
B14796 C26554
B16847 B12847
B15174 B18497
B14231 A4253
B18461 A5572
A4901 E59006
C25701 A6693
E58530 C25508
A6647 B18441
B18782 C25273
0.6280 B16938
B18691 A6071
C25443 C26075
C268 15 A0281
A4859 A6738
E57974 C26510
B15901 C26196
E58240
E57699 C25857
A1272 C26808
A5729 E58460
C25754 C26663
A2790 C26 339
A3435 E25740
35
OLD EYES FOR NEW
You and thousands more of us - ordinary men and womenmay now give sight to someone who is, at this moment , blind.
Because this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back their vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
Eyes of all colours are equally valuable, and it does not matter if you have worn spectacles for years.
If you are not as young as you were, do not feel that your offer will be less valuable. Strangely enough, it will be more so: the eyes of older people are even better for this purpose.
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shall benefit, it is essential that there should be many more willing donors than will ever be called upon.
His Majesty King Hussein of Jordan has donated his eyes to the Order's Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem.
Mark all correspondence "CORNEAL GRAFTING " addressed to :
The IDirector-General , The Royal National Institute for the Blind, 224 Great Portland Str eet , London, W.l. 36
DATES FOR YOUR DIARY
!-f R /-1 The Duke of Ed inburgh will allend a professional \\ restling tournament, s p u n su r ed by Da l e Marti n Pr umotiuns, at the R oyal A Lbe r t !-i oLl, Londun, in aid of St J ohn Ambu l ance on Thursday, J uly 11.
T h e fo ll ow in g is a list of Nationa l First A id Competitions so far arranged for 1968:
OMPETITIO
E lectrici t y Supply Ambulance Centre
G i r ls· Brigade
D i till er Co. Ltd. (So u thern Area)
Nationa l Dock Labour Board
Dock & Harbours Authority
H. J. Heinz Co Ltd.
Nationa l Coal Board
D K. Atomic Energy Authority
Di till ers Co. Ltd. (Fina l Comp.)
B.P Che m icals (U.K.) Ltd.
Mi nistry of Technology
Army Department Ambu l ance Centre
Yo un g Farmers' Cl u b
Br igade Finals
Brit ish Railways, London Transpoli (R ailways) & Brit ish Transport
D ocks & British Transpo li Police
Gas In d ustry
National Road Passenger Tran port
Ambu l a n ce Association
Gene ra l Post Office A m b ul a nce Cen tre
Grand Prior's Trophy Competitions
DATE & PLACE TO BE AGREED
F ire :Briga d es
VB DE
Seymour Hall, W.1
London
Conway Hall , W.Cl
Queen Mary College , E.1
Caxton Hall, S W.l
Harl esden, N.W.I0
Skegness
Risley , Lanc
Conway Hall, W Cl
Conway Hall , W.Cl
6 , Burlington Gardens , W l
6, Burlington Gardens, W.l
Royal Show Kenilworth
Fairfie ld Hall , Croydon
Queen Mary College E.1
Friend House, E ll ston R oad
Aberdeen
Seymour Ha ll W l
Seymo u r Hall, W.l
DATE
March 20
March 30
April 4
April 20
May 2
May 4
May 11
May 16
May 30
June 6
June 13
June 20
July 3 & 5
July 6 ] uly 11
September 12
October 6
October 31
November 21
October 10 or 17
Safe, gentle and swift to healSavlon
'Savlon' Liquid and 'Savlon' Cream are indispensable to your first aid kit. They gently clean a way dirt, killing the germs that would infect the wound. The antiseptics in both products are pow e rful, safe. They were discovered by I.C.I. and are now used extensively by doctors and hospitals in this country and overseas.
'Savlon' Antiseptic Cream 1/6, 2/6, 4/6, 8(3.
'Savlan' Liquid Antiseptic 1/6t, 2,' 9t, 4(10.
FOR SUPPLIES
of First Aid Manuals, or any teaching book relating to courses organised by the St. John Ambulance Association. Teaching aids generally include First Aid Film Loops. Uniforms for the St. John Ambulance Brigade, including Badges and Insignia. All First Aid Materials-stretchers, kits, etc.
Write to General Manager ORDER OF ST. JOHN
St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, London E.C.I Tel: CLErkenwell 6644
IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED PHARMACEUTICALS [)IVISION ALDERLEY PARK MACCLESFIELD CHESHIRE
QUALITIES, OVER 290 SHADES INCLUDING
ELLIS MAYMAN & SONS LTD.
for all your tufted carpet requiremerzts
Call or send for our free pack of smnples to Ellis Mayman & Sons Ltd.
Springwell Mills, Bradford Road, Dewsbury
COMMERCIAL UNION ASSURANCE
Appointed insurers for St. John Ambulance Brigade
The Edwina Mountbatten Trust is the memorial to a great woman. The proceeds of the sale of this book goes to a fund which supports St. John, the nursing profession and children all over the world .
In February 1960 we were stu nned by the news of her death. In 1968 we can remember her by contributing to the interests for which she gave her life.
EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN
HER LIFE IN PICTURES
Compiled and Edited by
Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock
Superin tenden t -in -Chief, st. John Ambulance Brigade
7s. 6d. each
7s each orders for ten or over (postage extra in each case)
All classes of Fire, Life, Accident and Marine busin&ss transacted
Branch Office: Grosvenor House, 125 High Street, Croydon, Surrey
Telephone: 01-6862566
All members of the Union Assurance Group are members of the Bf/tlsh Insurance Association
Published by Macdonald
Orders to:
Edwina M(!)Unti;)atten
1 Grosvenor Crescent. Lond<om, S.W.I
Telephone: 01-235 5231
DATES FOR YOU R DIARY
National Events 1968
The following is a list of Competitions so far arranged:
COMPETITION
H. J. Heinz Co. Ltd.
National Coal Board
U .K. Atomic Energy Authority
Distillers Co. Ltd. (Final Comp.)
B.P. Chemicals (U.K.) Ltd.
Ministry of Technology
Army Department Ambulance Centre
Young Farmers' Dub
Brigade Finals
British Railways, London Transport (Railways) & British Transport
Docks & British Transport Police
Cadet Rally
International Jubilee Camp
Gas Industry
National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Association
General Post Office Ambulance Centre
Grand Prior's Trophy Competitions
DATE & PLACE TO BE AGREED
Fire Brigades
VENUE
Harlesden, N.W.10
Skegness
Risley, Lanes
Conway Hall, W.C.1
Conway Hall, W.C.1
6, Burlington Gardens, W 1
6, Burlington Gardens, W.1
Royal Show, Kenilworth
Fairfield Hall, Croydon
Queen Mary College, E.l
Malvern, Wores.
Swansea
Friends House, Euston Road
Aberdeen
Seymour Hall, W.l
Seymour Hall, W.l
21
10 or 17
THE ST. JOHN REVIEW
Official Journal of St. John Volume 41 Number 4 APRIL, 1968
CONTENTS
D ates f or y our Di a r y
Co. Durh a m E xercis e " St. John "
Th e Sup eri nt end en t -in- C hi ef in Ug a nd a Shock Follo wing Coach Crash b y A. S O W. P i lkington
C o sm e ti cs & D erm at olo gy b y N a pie r Thorn e , M .D ., M .R.C.P .
S t. John ' s Bed f or No rt h o lt Hom e
C ongra tul a tions to s om e o f our out s t a nding m embers
Impress ing t h e Competi ti on Judg e b y A Brig a d e Surg eon
O r d e r o f St. John Inv es titures
DISASTER IN DURHAM
Fr-om a Report by Miss Aastard, County P.R.O.
The "disaster" code name "Exercise St. John," (carried out in co-operation with the Police and Fire Services) resulted in the loss of one life and 57 seriously injured people involved in a road accident. But the operation of rescue teams varies according to the cau se but does depend on speedy mobilisation and the co-operation of the various service$. This exercise proved the ability to mobHise St. John, in particular the Fescue forces, in ease of an emergency.
The Folice provided a bus and crashed van as props and the Fire Brigade turned out with sirens screaming as they would for a full scale rescue operation.
The site could have posed a problem, but there was an ideal spot and the Easington Rural District CouDcil readily gave permission to l!lse it. Ideal because existrng roads lent realism to the settmg of a serio Ns road accident.
Editor and Advertising Agent Mrs. H. E. D. RICHARDS 13, Pembroke Gardens london, w .e Telephone: 01-603 5761
P a ki s tan Flood s
E vents i n South Af r ic a
Some P r inciples of Window-dre ss ing
N ews from Malt a, G e. , News f rom Jam a ica
The St. John Ophthalmic Ho spit a l , Jerusalem
Apologies
Two stations , one at the site of the disaster, under Div Surgeon Dr. Thompson and DjS Mrs. Judkins, and the "emergency hospital," manned by the Nursing Division under Div. Surgeon R. Gibson and NjO Miss Hobin.
It seems a little hard that P.C. Pearson, accident prevention officer, should have had the job of telephoning the news of the "accident" to set the exeroise in motion . The message was passed to Peterlee Police Station; from them to the Fire Brigade and to OjC St. John at the Horden Medica l Centre.
Immediately each section went into action. At the end of the day the "post-Ililortem" showed that 55 casualties had been correctly diagnosed and treated-special praise from the "casualties" for careful and gentle handling.
Mr. J. Knox together with the County Nursing Officer, Mrs. Owens and Corps NjO Mr. P. Smith got together and organised the simulation and the 2 distribution of the "casualties." The N.C.B. lent two ambulances and also their Medical Centre as a "faking" station (the victims ranged from every type of fracture in the book, diabetic, epileptic and an awkward old man with a broken hearing aid!).
Obituaries
Crossword Competitions Senior and Cadet
Classified Adverti s ements
COVER PICTURE
ST. JOHN IN RHODESIA
The Bulawayo Railway African Ambulance Division, which wa s in spected in the Drill Ball, on October 28 1967, by the Commandel"Y CommISS IOner, Bri gadi e r M. O. CoUins C.B.E. K.St.J., were awarded a numb er of S ervice Medals lind Bars. The photograph the eight members (total service 90 year-s): Back Row Oeft to right): Pte. Badi, Cpl. Lubinda, L/Cpl. Mutanekebva, L/Cpl. Kamandi sha. Front Row (left t.o right): Cpl. Jefts , Sgt. Nahkando (lst Bar), Dr. W. S. Russell, Sgt. Kapimpi (1st Bar), Sgt. Namafuka. (Photo gr a ph by court esy of Rhodesia R ai lway s) 3
SUPERINTENDENT-IN-CHIEF IN UGANDA
MARJORIE, COUNTESS OF BRECKNOCK, insp ected Bri gade Units at Kampala (above), and Nakaseke during her recent tour of Uganda, Tan zan ia and K e nya. At Kampala she was accompanied by Mr. Okot, Divisional Superint end en t, and Mr. Or ye ma (immediately behind Lady Brecknock). At Nakaseke (bel.ow), many village di gnita ries attended the inspection eringing gifts, including a large basket of eggs which would not, unfortunately, ha ve survived the tight-packed tour and return journey.
SHOCK FOLLOWING COACH CRASH
By Area Staff Officer William Pilkington, F.R.S.A., Public Relations Officer, No. 5 Area
The sad details of the tragic crash which killed J ack Austin and Rex Boyde on September 5, 1967, is now history, but several points and experiences are important, I think, to Brigade Members.
At 5.15 a.m 32 actors and actresses were returning to Manchester by motor coach from Barnsley. We had been doing some night scenes in the new Thora Hird series, "The First Lady" for the B.B.C.
I was sitting in the first seat on the near side, Eric Thorber sat next to me. On the opposite side of the gangway, immediately behind the driver sat Eddie King and Jack Austin.
I had been dozing and suddenly became wide awake, something seemed to be wrong, we were going down a very steep hill at a fast speed. The hea dlights clearly showed two large danger warnings, the last one indicating an L bend. I glanced a t my watch, 5.15 a.m., then to my horror I saw the coach was heading stra ight for the crash barrier, a s I learned later, this was the Devil's Elbow, near H olme Firth. Then came a sickening crash as the coach struck and broke through the steel barrier, hi t the stone wall beyond, then we seemed to drop like a stone, coming to a grinding halt, 40 feet d own a hillside at an angle of 45 degrees. There were screams and shouts of pain and fear, Eric T horber had gone through the windscreen like a bullet, so had Eddie King. I saw both men in the glare of the lights, which for some reason had remained on. They were bleeding severely and had landed 10 yards in front of the coach.
I now found I was trapped by both my legs, bein g entangled in the steel handrail and framing of t he doorway. My head and shoulders were through th e windscreen, while due to the crash several se at mountings had been tOfn up and I got four se ats and eight occupants on top of my back. ] was in very great pain and having the weight of ei ght injured people crushing my chest into the windscreen framing, bJ;eatbing was most difficult.
By turning my head to the right, I saw Jack Austin slumped forward, covered in blood. I managed to free my right arm sufficiently to touch Jack and I realised he was dead.
My main fear was if fire broke out, thank God it did not. I was about sick with pain but I did not pass out at all, a pity in one way, as I was not able to give any practical aid, and the pain in my was now unbearable.
One point struck me, there was not any panic and the discipline was wonderful, I called to Eddie King to press his hand to his temple to stop the bleeding from a wound, he tried to smile and said, 5
"Don't tell me to use both hands, one is useless now." The courage of everyone was a credit. I could not see behind me but I could identify the voices, and I called out, "If you are bleeding try to press on the wound." Jim Broome had got out of the coach, his head cut badly, his left arm fractured, but he managed to help seven victims to get out. Carl Van-Wurden, one time champion wrestler, himself injured, used his great strength to pull two women out.
It seemed a life time, but in reality only I! hours before we heard the bells of Fire Engines and the first ambulance to arrive. The firemen had to clear everyone else out before they could get to me, so I was the last to be taken out, hence I saw aU the victims being carried past. I could have wept, to think I was helpless, not to be able to even carry anyone.
Finally, the firemen cut away the metal trapping my legs , also my trousers, and I was carried to the road to await my turn for an ambulance to take me to Ashton-under-Lyne Hospital.
As soon as I realised I was safe on the roadside I knew what severe shock is. Every part of me started to tremble violently, it was something I had no control over at all. A fire officer put his coat over me, he might as well have put a newspaper, my teeth were chattering and I felt so cold that I did seriously think this was the end of the road.
How clearly I realised the importance of hot water bottles, hot sweet tea, etc. Another first-aid point was driven home, the value of someone to speak to the injured, believe me, this is important, particularly in the cold open space we had crashed in.
The firemen and ambulance crews were magnificent, they gave not only their great skill and service, but their clothing also.
Again the importance of covering a patient warmly cannot be stressed too much. At Ashtonunder-Lyne General Hospital, the night duty doctors, nurses and staff had volunteered to work on for our benefit.
The influx of 30 injured people must have been a terrific strain, but nothing was spared for our care and treatment.
I have been off for ' 14 weeks now, but I feel so grateful when I think of my two dead colleagues. Angela Elliott in a steel jacket with two spinal fractures, Ray Crook paralysed and others still suffering.
The lesson I learned most clearly was that the wider the teaching of first-aid goes the better.
(Continued on page 7)
COSMETICS AND DERMATOLOGY
By courtesy of the NURSING MIRROR.
PART I
The pattern i$ constantly changing. For like myself who work in the metropolis, great changes have occurred during the past decade. as a result of large-scale migration of West IndIans, and to a lesser extent of Indians and Asiatics. A day rarely passes without seeing several c?loured-skinned patients. The deeper the brown pIgment the more difficult is it to detect erythema, and many skin diseases where the latter is a pr.ominent featl1:re, lo?k profoundly different. When It comes to harr, while the Caucasian desires perms the negress wants her hair straightened. Just as the achievement of the former can lead to , brittle hair due to reduced tensile strength, so can the latter.
TO CURL OR NOT TO CURL
Hair straightening, or "hair pressing" as It 1S called, was being carried out some 60 years ago by a Mme. Walker in France-not on negresses but on curly-haired Europeans. She used the hot comb method. The comb, made of brass now rather than .is either on the gas-ring or by a electnc heater. It is then applied to harr,. has been greased with petroleum Jelly, while It IS held out straight. This produces temporary straightening, just as heated curling tongs fix curls.
A shower of rain or even a damp atmosphere will undo the process. In theory, the heat of the comb. should be tested on tissue paper-in practIce, those who employ this popular straightenlllg meth.od at home often omit the test and end up by singeing their hair. When this subsequently breaks off about one inch from the scalp they arrive in the skin out-patient department and dema.nd their faDing hair! Although th.ey lllvanably adilllt to using the hot comb they WIll not agree that the frizzed hair is the result of their unskilled hairdressing. Some even enhance the of the straightening process by applyuig a caustic cream containing 5 to 10 per cent of sodium hydroxide. Skin burns as well as broken hairs can easily result and i his method is best avoided. T fu ioglycQlates can be used for st.raightening, a.s for permal1lent waJ ving. While haIr can. be held 1n curlers durim.g the waving process, It has not so far been possible to invent a :vorkable piece equipment for holding the harr out straIght whIle the chemical preparations 6
are applied to it. The same precautions must be observed as when perming hair.
SUPERFLUOUS HAIR
I dwe.lt rather over-long on the scalp hair but It IS subJect to more cosmetic manipulation than the other individual areas of skin or nails. J do not propose to deal with soaps or shaving soaps here, largely because, to do them justice, would take too long There is one simple remedy for superfluous harr on the male face and that is shaving. Most women over 20 sprout a few coarse hairs on th.eir chins or upper lips- some grow, dare I sa y It, a respect a ble beard - but it is rare to find a woman who will agree to use a r az or on her face. Its use imparts a shiny appearance, as both coarse and lanugo hairs are removed at the same time, but it does not make the hairs grow thicker.
Plucking with tweezers is temporarily effective where only a fe w bristles occur. Epilatory wax works well but it is painful to use and the best results are obtained if another person tears off the solid wax, as it is the speed of removal which makes all the difference to the success of the operation. Some waxes contain resins and may produce the occasional allergic reaction.
Bleaching with hydrog.en peroxide freshly neutralised with ammonIUm hydroxide will render d.ark less noticeable. Depilatory creams WIll certarnly remove the hairs but in many cases will also cause soreness and erythema when used the This is due to primary attack on skrn keratrn and not an allergic manifestation. They will remove axillary and leg hair from the person without causing these undesirable X-ray epilation would certainly not be JustIfied, on a number of grounds. This leaves us with the choice of electrolysis or short-wave diathermy for permanent removal of individual hairs. Both give good results in competent hands but much scarring can be produced if diathermy is used by teohnieians lacking in skill who put speed of treatment before ul,timate cosmetic results. As with chirOpody, the Health Service only prothis for those whose superfluous haIr IS due to endGcrme or other disease.
(Continued on page 28)
Coach Crash-cont. from page 5
Here were 32 men and women, one trained and experienced, but helpless and trapped. If only there had been just one more, much suffering may well have been saved, even a life.
Another great service was al so impressed on me - blood donors. Many pints were given to my injured friends. I urge all Brigade Members who a re able, to add this Christian service to their work. We never know who will need who, do we?
The 141 Greenford and Northolt Nursing Division of the St. John Ambulance Briga de recentl y presented a h os pit a l bed for the sick r oom of N o rtholt H ousea l ocal old pe ople 's home.
The h os pital bed wa s purcha sed with money mainl y d onated at the division ' s 25th Anniversary Thanksgiving Service, which wa s held a t St. Barnabas Church, Northolt Park, on September 24, 1967
Mrs. G. Llo yd , Matron of Northolt House , received the bed on behalf of Northolt H ou se and the dedication wa s given by Father Malcolm McHaffie, M.A., of St. B a rnaba s Church , Northolt Park
Am ong the g uests present on thi s very happy occasion were: Dr. C. A Osb?rn, Area Surgeo n f o r the North West Area; Mr. R. R. Dal y, a past Mayor Of. who repre sented the Greater Ealing Homes; and Mrs . C. S . M . De Val , DIVISIOnal Superintendent of the 141 Nursin g Division , who presented the bed on the division s behalf ; and members of the division.
The donation of the bed m a de a very fitting end to the division ' s 25th year.
R. B. Robinson , County Staff Officer, Wiltshire, enrolled the Cadets among whom were Philip Wilson, Malc@lm Jordan, Maurice Anger, Allan Hamb-ridge, Maurice Belcher, Lionel Clarke and his brother, Kevin Clarke, Guest of Honour was Major-General N. Crookenden , Commandant of the Royal Military College of Science, Shrivenham, he is also President of the Shrivenham Division.
Wiltshire Newspapers
WEMBLEY NURSING CADET DIVISION made two blankets from squa res they had knitted last winter for the Wembley Eventide Homes at Priory Close, Stanmore. The chil dren in the Wembley Hospital were not forgotten. For them the Division made scrap books. Picture shows: J eannie Walker, Sandra Whitlock, Susan Young and Ann Po wling. Sandra has now comp l eted over 200 hours of voluntary service.
E. S. AND N. DEVON
COLYTON AMBULANCE CADET team in action during the battle for the Puddicombe Cup at the area competitions held in Honiton earlier this year
CHESHIRE
(Below) HAZEL GROVE AMBULANCE AND NURSING CADETS. Picture shows som e of the award winners after an en rolment and pres entatio n ceremony performed by CISlO H. M. Becket and 4/S/0 Mrs. M. McCormick.
Stockport Adveniser
ESSEX
CADET LEADER SEAMUS KELLY wins the Baillie Cup. Captain R.I. Wenley, Commissioner for Essex, presented the J oftn Baillie Cup to Seamus for being the outstan.ding Cadet in 1967. It was a big night for the Colchester Di v ision aJ they also took delivery of a Land-Rover for which the Cadets had rais ed £560 during the year. It goes to show what you can do if you really set your mind to it.
ColcheSler Gaze ll e
LONDON
Wernbley News
CONG RATU lATI 0 NS
Mr. A. Hales, Huddersfield Corps SergeantMajor, Ambulance Member D. Knowles, Dearne Valley Ambulance Division, W.R., Yorks., and to members of the Dartford Ambulance Cadet Division who have recently received Letters of Commendation from the Commissioner-in-Chief.
Mr. Hales was commended for the skilful and efficient manner in which he organised and carried out the rescue of a small boy who had fallen into a lock with complete disregard for his own safety.
Mr. Knowles was commended for his action at the scene of a serious road accident at Bretton Cross Roads, West Riding. Seven people were involved and, as usual, little other help available. This was his first experience of an accident since he took his certificate in 1966.
Superintendent R. F. Cooke and a number of his Cadets were at their Headquarters when they were called to help at an accident involving three vehicles. In addition to the Letter of Commendation they were awarded the Jenner Cup (usually presented .to the outstanding Cadet of the Year), for the qUIck and efficient way in which they dealt with the situation They were: Corporals A. Phillips, M. Rossier, R. Dale, Cadet Leader S. Cooke, Ambulance Cadets M. Collier, S Wretham, M. Wilson and M. Da y, Cadet Probationers J. Collier and D. Austin. The presentations were made by Commander Burgess who said in his address "It was an absolutely marvellous demonstration of vital, important, good and practical training. "
Summer- is a comin'
123 COMBINED STAINES DIVISION to(Jk part in last year's Carnival Week. The theme was St. John Past, Present and Future. A Cadet dressed as a Knight added colour as well as simply drawing attention to our connection with the past. The uncomplieated, well written sign giving the Division 's name and the attractive, and again simple, drape roun.d the vehigle should give other Divisions a good basis j@r a float. (See also page 16).
SPECIAL SERVICE SHIELD FOR VALERIE BROWN
WhitefieldAmbulance an.d Nursing Division , who last yea; a Special Service Shie ld for 200 hours of voluntary serVlce. She has b een a member of the DiviSion for four and h er service included four trips with th e pilgrims VlSltzng Lourdes, France, and work in g in a Bradford orphanage during h er school holidays. H er ambition is to becom e a com put er analyst.
Bury Times
Ambulance Cadet Colin Pusey,
Chesterfield and Booker Division , received a Letter of fr?m the CC?mmissioner-in-Chief in recogmuon of Se!VICeS to neIghbour s, and in particula r to an elderly mvahd couple while he him self was on crutches as he was suffering from O steo chondritis. The citation ends " ... ,for the fortitu?e you h ave shown in helping others despIte your own IDlsfortune. Your determination to override your own difficulties exemplifies the true spirit of the Brigade "
IMPRESSING THE COMPETITION JUDGE
By A Brigade Surgeon
You must know your first aid to win a competition, but you must also know how to impress the judge!
How many competitors enter a competition without having looked up the regulations? Have you?
Regulati ons
Take my advice, look them up in General Regulations, Appendix E. The judge is required to let you have an introductory card, stating the general staging, time of day, state of weather, etc., at least one week before the competition. He will expect you to adjust your first aid according to the circumstances. A fractured femur on a mountain side must be splinted more thoroughly than a frac tured femur in a city. In the first instance a lo ng journey is involved. In the second instance a n ambulance should be on the spot in a few minutes.
Personal Appearance
See that your uniform fits you. Slight adjustments to length of sleeves , well sewn on buttons, and such like details will make all the difference. Your uniform must be free from stains and well brushed. Your buttons must be clean and your boots blacked.
However, perso nal appearance does not only mean clothing. Your hair must be neat and tidy. I have no objections-within limits-to our longhaired contingent amongst the younger ambulance members. There is, nevertheless, a vast difference between tidy, long hair and the shaggy dOg look.
Most important of all is your hands. See that they are clean and the finger-nails free from dirt. However perfect your aseptic technique may be, if a dressing is applied with dirt under the fingernails, your technique will be at fault.
The Team
As you all know No.1 is the leader. He takes charge at the incident immediately. He gets there as quickly as he can and leaves the others to bring up the equipment. Marks are given for good leadership He should do most of the talking. The rest of the team should report to him things they observe.
When there is one casualty, NO.3 assists No. 1 with the examination and treatment. Nos. 2 and 4 are the fetchers and carriers, and also the stretcher bearers, when the two bearer lift is used. These two should concern themselves with the surroundings. They should look for any further danger, position of nearby shelter, telephones, etc.
When there are two casualties, the leader must decide which is the more severely injured. He deals with that case himself, leaving No. 3 to examine and treat the less severely injured. In this case, there will be a second judge, to listen to No. 3's commentary on the second patient.
The Running Commentary
The leader must speak in a loud clear voice. This is for two reasons. Firstly, the judge will not give him marks for anything he does not hear. Secondly, there is the audience to consider. They also want to know what is being said. This will enable them to follow the test and keep their interest. If the patient is unconscious say so. The judge has set the test. He knows all the answers. He wants to find out if you do.
Do not ask the judge unnecessary questions or repeat them. Elaborate preparations have been made to give you information, by looking about you. Use your eyes to see and your tongue to give a running commentary; not to cross-question the judge. The more you take notice of your patient, and the less you take notice of the judge, the better you will get on. Unnecessary questions or comment is penalised by loss of marks.
Tests
In a competition you will have to do a team test which has 160 marks. Also , each of you will have to do an individual test which has 60 marks. That is 4 x 60 = 240 marks for the individual test against 160 for the team test.
The Marking Sheet
It takes a judge many hours to set a test. He does it with the book you are to be examined on open beside hin1. You are examined on that book and nothing else.
The marks-as far as practicable-are divided as follows:
Approach ..................... 5 per cent.
Examination and diagnosis 20 per cent.
Treatment.......... 60 per cent.
Disposal ........................ 10 per cent.
Management 5 per cent. You will see you get the most marks for the way you carry out the treatment; but if you do not diagnose the injury first, you will not treat it either.
Equiplnent
First aid equipment will be provided for you on the set, or will be given to you to bring in. You should always wear a watch It is essential for (Continued on page 26)
INVESTITURES
The Order of St. John is a warded every year to some 600 persons who have rendered seryice .to mankind-not only through the Order and Its Foundations (the Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem-the St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade)-but to others in all walks of life whose activities warrant recognition in any part of the world. All recipients are approved by the Sovereign Head of the Order, Her Majesty the Queen and recorded in the "London Gazette."
Four or five times a year an Investiture is held at which the recipients receive the insignia of their grade. The ceremony normally takes place at the Grand Priory Church, Clerkenwell, London, E.C.1.
It is an impressive occasion. The entry of the procession is heralded by three knocks on the West the assembly rises. The Cross Bearer and Clerical Brethren of the Order precede the Chapter-General procession which is led by the Assistant Director of Ceremonies. When they are seated a second summons of three taps of a wand on the West Door is given and the Director of Ceremonies enters, followed by the Executive Officers, the Bailiffs Grand Cross, the Bailiff of Egle, the Chancellor and the followed by the Sword Bearer who immediately precedes the Lord Prior and, if he is to be present, H.R.H. The Grand Prior.
When the Lord Prior has ascended his throne the officiating Chaplain offers prayers , after which the Lord Prior addresses those to be invested.
The Lord Prior advances to make the presentations. To his left stands the Chancellor, holding
a cushion, on which is placed each insignia. The recipients come up in turn as their names are called by the Secretary-General.
At the conclusion of the ceremony the Lord Prior calls on the officiating Chaplain to read prayers The processions withdraw in reverse order to that in which they entered.
n s, N o rbur y, S.W.16 , rece iv in g h e r in s ignia as C o mm a n de r Sist e r o n h e r pr o m o ti on in th e Ord e r of Sf. J o hn , fr o m th e L o rd Pri o r at t h e Grand Pri o ry C hur c h , C l e r ke n we ll , E .C .I , o n Fe bru ary 27 Sh e fir s t jOin ed S t J o hn as a m e mb e r of th e Ch e ls e a and Fulham Nur s in g DiI 'isio n in 1941. S h e tran sfe rr ed to Distric t Sta ff (L o n do n) in 1949 as S taff Offi ce r t o th e
Di s tri c t N ur sin g O ff ice r. In 19 62 s h e b ecam e Assis tant
Distric t Sup e rint e n de nt an d is n ow Dis tric t Sup e rint e nde nt, L o nd o n (Prin ce o f Wal es's) Dis tri c t J o hn W arburton
Urgent Warning
Issued hy the BRITISH RHEUMATISM & ARTHRITIS ASSOCIATION
The A ssociation 's a ttention ha s been drawn to the pr a ctice in certa in a re as o f door-to-door salesmen ca lling a t the homes o f r h e umatic and arthritic sufferers in an a ttempt to sell them v arious fo r ms of medica l a nd m ass age equipment. Whil s t thi s pr a ctice is within the l a w , members are advi s ed to be mo s t ca ref ul before committing them selves to any form o f direct purchase or hire purchas e agreement and shOUld alway s consult their medical a dviser in the case o f medical app a ratus or if in gener a l doubt, app r oach Headquarters office.
The A ss o ci a tion does not consider it advis a ble for members to sign f orms or f or deposits to be given to travelling salesmen unle ss the purchaser is fully convinced o f the suita bil i ty of the equipment they are purchasing, but in any event to obtain a proper receipt for any such monies, statin.g the name of the company from whom the equipment is pill'chased, the amount paid and the whole cle a rly signed by the salesm a n, who should be asked to show some form of authority for selling the company's goods.
INVESTITURE PHOTOGRAPHS
GRAND
PRIORY CHURCH, LONDON
PHOTOGRAPHERS attending the Investitures represent the press and cannot undertake to photograph individuals unless previously commissioned. Photographs can be commissioned in advance at a cost of £1. At the moment this can include a picture of the actual investiture and a family group after the ceremony. Anyone wishing to be photographed please apply as follows :-
1. Send a written request to The Editor, St John " Review ," 23, Pembroke Gardens , London , W.8. AT LEAST TEN DAYS IN ADVANCE.
2. Enclose £1, cheque or P O ., made payable to the Order of St. John.
3. Enclose brief biographical details.
4. Full name , address, title, qualifications, honours and awards.
IN BLOCK LETTERS, PLEASE.
It is very much regretted that orders cannot be taken on the day-so please tell y our colleagues of these facilities to avoid disappointment.
Pl e ase no te that all pictur es are circulat e d to y our lo c al pr ess but th e r e i s no guarantee that th e Editor w ill publish it.
FIRST AIDER ARMBANDS
Frequently St. John member s offer their help at the time of a major accident or disaster without it being reali sed who they are This could result in their services not being accepted, or those with whom they would wish to co-operate failing to recognise them. It could also prevent any credit for their work being given in Press reports.
One proposal to overcome this is for armbands to be available for wear at such times These could either be carried permanently by the individual in a wallet or held in bulk with emergency stores . Evidently, to provide armbands on this scale would necessitate something cheaper than the pattern, and the Stores have obtained samples of a plastic pattern which would sell at about Is.
Samples have been produced and this proposal is now under consideration.
THE LADY MOYRA BROWNE, O.B.E., S.E.N. receiving her insignia on her promotion to Commander Sister. Lady Moyra att e nded the St. John's Homa g e Day at Expo 67 last year wi t h the Commiss ioner- in-Chief. John Warburton 12
SHOWS
AUSTRALIA
St. John Ambulance
Members, South Australia
THIS PICTURE of members of the Brigade who were on duty in Canberra on Anzac Da y was sent by Mr. N. Palm e r formerly Superintendent of the Oatlands and Weybridge Divi sio n , now living in Canberra Act, together with an inte resting re port about a display and resuscita tion demonstrations staged in the centre of the c ity's vas t shopping area. A large pr,oportion of the population is foreign immigrants, but th e lan guage difficulty was ove rcome with the h elp of the Good Neighbour Council who supplied in.terpreters. The Cadets demonstrated the use of inflatable splints. Just to ma ke us all envious he also sent a picture of th e Victoria and Act Cadet Camp with the comment: "Ten days of perfect weather "
SOUTH
A. GARDNER WILLIAMS, Dir ecto r .of and Chief Commissi(:mer (left) D t MI' D H White Cooper pictured WIth some of the Cadets dunng the combmed
of the Natal Inland and S.A.R. Brigade Comman Dl stncts
PAKISTAN
DISTRICT SURGEON Dl'. Mohsin N. Kayumi, working at one of the relief centres which were set up during the devastating floods last year in Pakistan when the Karachi units answered a call for h elp to the victims by the Dir ecto r-Gen e ral of Social Welfare. The Brigade contingen ts were under the command of Mr. Iqbal Quraishi, Senior Distri ct Superintendent. The Karachi Lions Club gave in va luabl e h e lp by pro viding a van for carrying p e rs onne l and medical supplies.
FLOOD DISASTER
A BRIGADE Divisional Surgeon and St. John members at one of the relief centres. The Pakistani Women's Association lent an ambulance. The patients treated suffered from a wide variety of complaints and altogeth e r nearly 7,000 people received attention during the seven days of the emergency.
MR. A GARDNER WILLIAMS , K.SU., Director of Ambulance and Chief Com.missior:er, presenting the Service Medal of the Order to Cpl. Clemen.t NXLll?1alo at the recent held in the Durban H eadquarters Hall. Looking on is Sgt.-Maj. Joe Maluleka who has til 0 bGis to his Service Medal.
MR.
The Natal Witness
The Natal Mercury, Durban
KENT
Farningham Divisions
Carnival Float
WITH THE CARNIVAL and show season in mind this float entered last summer is looking back and forward. It shows what can be done with imagination and hard work. As if this was not enough the same members, after the judging, covered the first aid duty for the rest of the event. Farningham Divisions are best known for their coverage at the Brands Hatch Circuit during the meJtor racing practice and competition season.
SOME PRINCIPLES OF WINDOW-DRESSING
FIRST PRINCIPLES
The first and most obvious principle of display is that everything should be clean and fresh: nothing gives a poor impression so quickly as dust, dirty paper and smeary windows. The other principles are particularly helpful in dealing v.:ith printed material, though they apply to anything you may wish to display.
The most important is the principle of three. It seems that people respond to three much more r eadily than two or five or any other number of a rticles, so that, if you build up a display in units of three, for some deep psychological reason, it will be far more effective than any other. Of course, large units of three can be made up of smaller units, again of three, so that you can make a ny number of variations on the three theme.
The companion principle to this is that of the pyramid, which says that when tke eye looks at a picture, or a window, it travels down and outwards. Therefore, the best displays are those which have units of three arranged in pyrami<;ls.
CARNIVAL TIME
MUSIC -WHEREVER THEY GO
ROYSTON ROTARY CLUB presented the St. John Ambulam;:e Brigade Band with a new side drUln. Drum Major Stanley Vine all is seen receiving the gift from Mr. Norman Northgraves. The Band was formed in 1966 and made their first appearance at the Brigade Church Parade last June. Another generous gift to the Division during the year was an industrial trailer which members would cO'li/.vert int(,) a mobile unit. Everyone will heartily agree with the Herts. and Cambs. Reporter comment '''far better t'han a tent." '
How can 'you do this? The answer is to hoard everything-cardboard boxes, fiat dress boxes, tailors' boxes , hat boxes; in fact any sort of box that will support lightweight articles for display. Old newspapers, postal tubes, bottles with their corks, broom handles, bricks, heavy lin 0, egg or orange boxes, cress boxes and milk bottle tops are extremely useful, so keep a store of them if you can.
The boxes and bricks suitably covered with paper or painted can be used to vary levels and to support leaflets; other things which make good supports are postal tubes, the bigger the better, and a broom handle stuck in a bucket of wet sand or wet newspapers. Smaller things can be supported by the bottle and cork, a pin stuck in the cork will hold quite a large poster firmly, and four bottles make good legs to support a top of thick card or lino.
Three turns up again in the ways of displaying printed material, which can be shown fiat, upright and suspended. These methods of showing leaflets can be combined into units of three and p yramids.
The next principle is that of the "stopper." This is the main point of the display which is designed to arrest the attention of the passer-by. The positi on of the stopper is decided by studying the stream of people passing your window during the day. You will find that more people pass in one direction than in the other, so you must place your stopper in the position that is immediately before the eyes of a person passing in the main stream. A secondary stopper is used for those passing in the other direction.
WIND OW ON THE WORLD
Now that you have the principles in your mind you have actually to dress the window and place your exhibits. The window is a valuable thing to have: it costs money in terms of display space, so it must be used properly.
First, you must realise that it is useful in two planes, the window itself and the window floor. E qual balance of things in either plane tends to be monotonous so it is better to use off or broken balance.
The same is true of the height of the objects in relation to one another, so you should try to vary the level of the window floor by using plinths or columns to support your pamphlets and posters.
17
Naturally, most of these things can be disguised with paper. Some of them can be painted-for example, the postal tubes and the orange boxespainted one colour and lined with a paper of another colour make an interesting slatted surface which can help you to get a little variety in textures. Linoleum can be painted with washable distemper and used for panels, or as a support. Distemper that washes off is excellent, and for a permanent colour the new jelly paint is unbeatable, it can be used easily without any mess and it dries in no time.
Danford Chronicle
DROYLSDEN NURSING CADET DIVISION , Lancashire, won the First Aid Challenge Bowl against stiff competition from 16 other t e ams at Whit
am were: Captain Elain.e Attack Paula Dunn, Catherine Nugent and Eileen Traynor.
WINNERS OF THEIR FIRST AID CERTIFICATES with officia l s at Mu ll ard's Magnetic Components , Crossens (Left to right): Mr J. B. Green, M r. C. Grindley (plant manager), Mr. C. D Pa te rson (new personnel officer), Miss M Dixon, M r. H. Bedford (secu ri ty office r), Mrs. B. Kitching, Mr. A Molina, Sister R. Windle and Mr. Molloy. Mr. W. Lowe, who also gained the award, was unfortunately unable to attend. There are 2 8 qu alified f irst aide rs at this plant, three of whom a re members of the Brigade
MALTA
Malta Prepares
BRIGADE'S DIAMOND JUBILEE
1969. The programme wi ll begin with a reception at St. Jam es Counterguard ( Brigade H.Q. v iew of part of the inte ri o r, right), after the offiCial we lco m e, o n Sa t urday, September 6, 1969 . There are nwn y ornamen ts and gifts at th e H.Q. from m embe rs who have v isited Mal ta and tried to show thei r appreciation of the hospitality a nd g reat kindness extended to them ( unfai lin gly) during their s ta y. Further d etai ls of th e programme will appear i n the May issue.
BUCKS.
BLETCHLEY NURSING CADET DIVISION 21st BIRTHDAY. Last year the Bl etc hley Nursing Cadet Division ce l e brat e d its 21st Birthday with a very happy gathering of par ents, friends and members. Th e highlight of th e evening was the pr esenta tion of Grand Prior's Badges to Sgt. Julia Walpole, Sgt. Ann Sanderson, Sgt. Susan Tink, Cpl. Christine Biddl ecombe and Cpl. D e lia O Gorman by their Pr esident, Mrs. D. M. Hobbs. They hav e all been members of the Divisi on since they were eight years old. On e shadow that was cast on this happy occasion was th e fact that County Officer Miss M. White was not well enough to attend. Best w ishes to the Di vis ion , to Miss White for a speedy recovery and to th e five young ladies in th e photograph.
BOOKS FOR THE SICK
I THE "TIMES" OF MALTA there is a week II' column appears written by the Co mmi ss ione r, Lt."-Col. J V Abela which repo r ts o n actil 'ities with which the B rigade are inl'olved. In December he annol/nced a new -e n ' ice to th e patients in the St Lllke's Hospital, C hildren s Ward-Books. Oil Friday, D ecember 22, after (j year of hard work collecting, two off icers of the Valletta N ursin o Division , Mrs Mary Spiteri and Miss Anto in ette G alea, made the fi rst distribution. The YO lln gsters were 1e lighted. This special round was followed by a distribut ion of illustrated magazines to one of th e o ld people's 10 177 r?S.
LEICESTERSHIRE
NEWLY FORMED COMBINED DIVISION IS "WITH-IT." The officers of Anstey's combined St. Joh.n Ambulance and Nursing Division (note th e new uniforms), chatting wit h the Commissioner, Mr. L. Lee (right), afte r the Di vision's first inspection. Th ey are, left to right: Divisional Sup e rint ende nt Mrs. D. H. Tu zinkie w icz, Div isional Nursing Offic e r Mrs R. N. Kellett, Div isional Surgeon Dr. K. F. C. Brown and the Di visiona l Pr esiden t Mrs. V. L ee.
THE COMMISSIONER , refe rring to the new service , particularly thanked the Minister of H ealth, the Chief Government Medical Officer, th e Superintendent and Matron of St. Luke's Hospital for their help , support and e n cou rag e m ent ove r this scheme. In his notes Colonel Abela stated that d/lring 1967 Brigad e members had given 10,885 hours of voluntary service. One of their most re g ular activities is escorting invalids to religious functions. T h e Association in Malta is no less active alld the courses iJ1 First Aid, NurSing and Child Care resulted in 526 ce rtif icates being awarded. A really spltmdid record for a comparati vely small "unit" of St. John. Congratulations.
GALA EVENING IN JAMAICA
Over £,5000 Raised at St. John Ball
HIS EXCELLENCY Governor-General, Sir Clifford Campbell , att e nded a ball in aid of St. Joh,,! at the JamaIca Reef Hotel, Port Antonio on Saturdcry, March 9, which rais ed ov e r IS the fourt.h year that Mrs. Char.les Warrack had organised this event, each year with zncreaszng success. PIcture shows: Mr. H eznz Gottwald, Lady Mitchell , HE. the Go ve rnorC?eneral, Mrs. Ro.y Levy (wife of the Senior Commission e r) and Mr. M. Geddes. Th e re port zn the J:1arch 11 Issue of the "Gleaner" says: " this sum was rais e d by the support of man y but due to lfener0Ll:s of a few." Among the many gifts donated for th e auctzon were four ongznal pazntzngs by John Gould, the famous painter of birds
Keeping in Touch
In the local press it is reported from time to time that St. John members are emigrating to or visiting places connected with St. John overseas. The Editor would be most interested to from them. The same applies to overseas members whovisit the U.K. either on holiday or to study and take part in a variety of duties whether attached to a Divisiom or not. 20
ST. JOHN OPHTHALMIC HOSPITAL, REPORT - DECEMBER, 1967
By Brigadier Sir Stewart Duke-Elder, G.C.V.O., M.D., F.R.C.S., F.R.S.,
Order of St. John
In recent months the numbers of patients a tte ndin g the Hospital has been slowly and steadily r is ing. The overall volume of work is now between ne-third and one-half of the normal for this time of yea r and we are receiving about 200 out-patients a day.
A quick review of the present situation reveals about I i million Arab s within the area now a dministered by I srael. All of these are potential a tient s, for few have partjcipated in the excellent scheme of health insurance in Israel. Arab patients fro m the Ga za Strip, and from Nazareth and elsewhere in I srael who remember the St. John H os pital from the days of the Mandate, have been co ming back to us. A few Jewish patients have a lso attended- the first who have been able to do _ 0 si nce 1948. I do not need to say that they are very welcome Without attempting any forecast of t he eventual political settlement in the area, it is reasonable to expect that the numbers of p atients will increase when more peaceful times come
All our expatriate staff have had some wellea rned rest in England and are now back in J erusalem. Five surgeons are there, but the reduced t empo of work has justified, for the time being, a r eduction by one in number of British sisters.
The Israeli Authorities have been most helpful a nd co-operative. The Hospital has be.en visited by th e Minister of He.alth and inspected by his officers Who have been impressed by the standards
21
achieved there. Very fruitEul contact on a professional level has been established with the Hadassah Hospital and useful information has been exchanged.
An application ha s been submitted to the Government of Israel for rec og nition as a charitable institution. If this is accorded to us some tax advantages are likely to follow. These will be all the more welcome in that the cost of living in Israel is a great deal higher than in Jordan and the (Continued overleaf)
Anthony Boase
Anthony Boase
cost of running the is correspondingly Although locally produced food stuffs and the basic essentia,ls of life are generally cheaper they do not balance the very much higher of imported goods. Our wages bill for local staff may be doubled.
Happily the Trachoma Research Campaign was quite unaffected by the Middle East War and the field work in Iran has been carried steadily forward.
In the spring and summer of this year return visits were paid to villag@$ where young children had been vaccinated against trachoma in 1966 in order to assess the result$. Considerable protection has noted, but for how long this will and whether any rebound of sensitivity to the virus might outlast immunity to infection mU$t be established. The incidence and mode of infection with trachoma are also being intensively studied. MO\\l t of the laboratory studies associated with the field trials are still being carried out in London. When less specialised sdentific techniques suffice it is hoped that the facilities available in our own laboratories in Jerusalem will be used.
APOLOGY
The Editor apologises, most sincerely, for the en-or in the caption on page 8, March iss ue, which applies to the one printed below. The one in the March issue shows the presentation af Grand Prior Badges-but caption gone astray-will "owners" p,lease accept apologies and send in correct details.
THE 15-21 CLUB
A Step Forward
BY PAUL HODGKINSON (Treasurer)
In Leicester we have been concerned about the number of teenagers who have drifted away from the Brigade.
Was it because of the pressure of intensive studying, or "the new job," or that St. John had nothing to offer them?
I remember when I first joined the Brigade I was a little disappointed at the lack of social activities. It was decided to form a 15-21 Club.
The Club has now been running for over a year and has aroused the interest of teenagers in the city.
During the year the Club has held various socials and dances, the most successful was the "tramps' supper." We converted the whole of the top floor of Brigade Headquarters into a "tramps' hovel," u si ng black-out material, old furniture and boxes.
Apart from providing social activities, we have found that ' the Club helps to "cushion" the transition period between "the Senior Cadet" and "the young Adult Member." Older Cadets have been able to meet and befriend members from the adult divisions and no longer move up into a division of total strangers.
We hope to raise enough money to buy sports and table tennis equipment, so that we can offer a wider variety of activities to attract even more members. We feel this project is of paramount importance because the teenagers of today will form the back-bone of 5t. John tomorrow.
CO. DURHAM
EASINGT ON COLLIERY DIVISION'S CARNIVAL l N AID OF THE UNIFORM FUND. Pictur e shows v ea r- old H e nr y Wilson and his moth e r who took part th e parade A crowd of thr ee o r four th ousand watched an d with the h e lp of tw o pit p o ni es, l e nt by the N C.B. , giv ing rid es to th
(who
and m usica l eve nings )
NORTHERN IRELAND
INSPECTION OF the NorthEastern Area (W.R. Yorks.)
Cad e t Camp at Potto Hill in the North Riding, August 1967.
Left to right: Div. Supt. J. R. Pe eks, Camp Commandant,' Area Staff Offic e r John Coward, North-Eastern Ar ea,' Di v. Supt. Mrs. F. M. Fowl e r, D eputy Camp CQmmandant; Brig .-G en Fairw e ather, County Commissi one r, North Riding of Yorkshi1'e; LOl'd Westbury, County Vice-President (A) Cadets North Riding of Yorkshire.
OBITUARIES
LANCASHIRE
Duke of Lancaster's District No.5 Area
(Left) DEEGAN (13), of Holland Road, HaleLtverpool, is a Nursing Cadet in Sefton Nursing DlvlsIOn, St. John Ambulance Brigade. In this, her first year of membership, Marie is the first Cadet to win the Tushingham Trophy, for being the Best All Round Cadet of the Year. Div.jSupt. Mrs. Rotherham is delighted with the p.rogress is making and everyone is very proud of thls cheerful gzrl. Her smart appearance and efficient work is a credit to the Brigade and a splendid exa mple to others. Well done , Marie, keep up the good work.
W Pilkington
KENT
(Below) CADET SERGEANT Janice Waddell (16) and Cadet Leader Zina Gilbert (16), received their Grand Prio(s Badges from the Countess of Guilford, County Presldent tor Kent, at a dinner held recently at the Folkestone Nursing Cadet Division's headquarters in their honour. Am@ng the guests were five former Grand Prior winners from the Division. Kent Messenger
HAMPSHIRE
(Above) CADET LEADERS Marian Leeding and Anne memb'ers of the Woolston Nursing Cadet Southampton Corps, have gained their Grand Pnc:r Badg,es, 1-nne has also qualified for the Duke of Edmburgh s Sllver Award. After the ceremony, which was by County Superintendent (N) Miss L. Cooper, Marzan presented Mrs. E. Bryant (Area Supt.) with a flag she had made for use at public duties. Marian started her training in January at the Treloar Hospital, Alton.
D r. S. S. DATTA
Dr. Sukar Sagar Datta (76), President of the Bristol India Association, has died in Southmead H ospital.
Dr. Da tta first came to England at the age of 19 and qualified in medicine at Bristol University.
He had worked at the Bristol General Hospital, Southmead Hospital, and Manor Park Hospital. H e was senior medical officer of Manor Park H ospital for 35 years until he retired in 1956.
Dr. Datta was formerly President of the Bristol T rades Council and of the Borough Labour Party.
Dr. Datta made a speech from the floor at a L abour Party conference about 20 years ago which played an important part in the eventual granting of independence to India by the Labour Government.
He was very active in the Bristol S1. John Ambulance Brigade.
He leaves a widow and two sons.
Was at Queen Victoria's funeral
Mrs. LOUISE DARE
Mrs. Louise Dare died at the home of her daughter, Sister D. R. Dare, S.R.N., S.C.M., at the age of 81.
Mrs. Dare had been a keen worker with the St. John Ambulance Brigade and was one of the original members of the first Bristol brigade, and was present at the funeral of Queen Victoria. She was admitted as a Serving Sister of the Order of S1. John.
She helped with the first trainloads of wounded soldiers to arrive at Temple Meads Station, Bristol, in the 1914-18 War. Her other great interest was the Mothers' Union and she was a founder-member of the branch at Holy Trinity, Winchmore Hill, London. She was also a founder-member of the Horfield branch, Bristol.
Vespers of the dead were said by the Rector. A Requiem Mass and Absolutions of the dead were taken by her son, the Rev. F. Dare, vicar of St. Paul's, South Harrow.
Mr. HAROLD STAVELEY WATSON
It is with deep regret that the death of Mr. Watson is announced. He started his career in St. John in the late nineteen-twenties and became Divisional Superintendent of the Scarborough Ambulance Division in 1948. He then transferred to County Staff about two years ago and was admitted to the Order in 1956 in recognition of his services. He will be greatly missed, not only by his St. John colleagues but by many members of the community as he took an active part in the N.H.S.R. Mobile First Aid unit and the Scarborough Blood Donor Committee.
Mr. ROBERT JOHN FITZMAURICE
It is with deep regret that we must report the death of Mr. Robert John Fitzmaurice, former secretary of St. John Ambulance-Federal District, Ottawa. Born in Dublin, then moved to Belfast, he began his long association with St. John Ambulance in 1942 and served as Hon. P.R.O. of the Order, the Association and Brigade, Commandery of Ards, Northern Ireland, for 13 years. He was admitted to the Order as a Serving Brother in 1948.
Mr. Fitzmaurice became Secretary of the Federal District, Ottawa, Canada, in September 1956 and in recognition of his valuable services was promoted to Officer Brother in 1961. He was completely dedicated to the work of St. John and his presence will be greatly missed by his many friends and colleagues. He is survived by his wife and son.
25
Impressing the Competition Judge-cant. fram p. II
taking the pulse and respiration rates. You can also see how mUGh time you have left to complete the test.
Usually the materials provided are sufficient to do the test set. However, it can happen, that the __ first aid equipment provided has not been matched up with the te£t set, and things may be short. In these circumstances use what you have. First aid has often to be carried out with improvised materials.
Expose the Injured Part
Remember that you will never diagnose injuries unless you can see them. Expose the injured part. This is essential for both diagnosis and treatment. Don't be bashful. Get their clothes off. It will teach the make-up teams to wear bathing costumes under their clothes! Never cut clothes, there is another team to follow. Never remove bathing costumes. They are the make-up teams last defence!
Care of the Patient
The principal object of the test is to find out how you look after the patient. Handle him gently, treat him kindly, speak to him reassuringly and do everything in your power to make him as comfortable as possible under the circumstances.
Speak to the patient. If he is conscious he will answer. Ask him what has happened, where he is hurt, and if he is in pain. Examine the injuries he complains of and treat the most serious first. Decide at what point you can move him out of danger or to shelter from the weather. You may have -to gi ve him urgent treatment first such as artificial respiration, control of haemorrhage, or the setting of a fracture. Always make a complete examina60n after the obvious injuries have been treated.
If the patient is unconscious, and does not answer when he is spoken to, carry Qut the routine examination of an unconscious patient. Do not be content with finding one injury: there may be other£. Remember he may regain consciousness during a Look for a Medic Alert bracelet. It may have the diagnosis on it, and a phone number you can ring. Search his pockets. He may carry a "Steroid card," or some evidence of why he is unconscious. In any case 0 btain his name and address, it is always essential.
Bystanders
Use any bystanders at the scene of the incident. You must not cross question tbe judge but you must cross question bystanders. What happened? Does he know tbe patient? Does he get turns like this regularly? Does he know the cause of them? How long do they last? What usually happens?
Often a bystander does not know the patient byt only witnessed the incident. It is importan:t 26
ST. JOHN AMBULANCE (Manchester Centre)
Annual First Aid Competition
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1968
Closing date for entries July 31, 1968. Entrance forms will be despatched July 1, 1968.
Please make early application to:
Competition Secretary, Miss K. Elliott 72, Windlehurst Road, High Lane, Stockport
NATIONAL FIRST AID COMPETITION MARKING SHEETS
A limited number of copies of marking sheets used at the Finals of the 1968 National First Aid Competitions will again be available following each event, at a cost of 2s. 3d. (post free), per set consisting of one team and two individual tests, or at a subscription of £2 5s. for 20 issues during the year.
All tes ts are based on the se cond edition of the manual "First Aid," Part I (Chapters 1 to 15).
Cash with orders to the Competition Secretary, St. John Ambulance, 1, Grosvenor Crescent, S.W.l.
The first set of papers is now available.
to know what took place. Did he go unconscious suddenly? Did he fall down with a cry? Did he have convulsions first? Did he feel giddy and gradually go unconscious?
Having found out all he knows about the patient, question him about the locality if you are not familiar with it yourself. Where is the nearest-house; phone; doctor; ambulance; hospital? Having got all this out of him, set him to do anything you can trust him to do.
Tile Judge
A judge finds Glut, in the first few minutes of a test, if you know your first aid. To win you must im press him.
1. Knock knees
ACROSS
6. Dusting powder from spirit alcohol.
10. Deep sleep produced by alcohol or drugs.
11. Inexact direction before peremptory dismissal of Arab.
12. H 20 well above boiling point is driving force.
13. Not the sort of cut a surgeon would make
15. Impetuous person with fever?
17. Pot-like substance.
19 Indecent part of play after he died
2 1. Breathing in pneumonia.
22. His spots on the cornea are indication of vitamin A deficiency.
24. Treatment sanitary inspector would order for abscess?
27 Tries lies to destroy all li vi ng organisms.
28. And one way to do it.
29 Serious wound in which skin damage is often dangerously deceptive
30. Spreading streptococcal infection of subcutaneous tissues.
DOWN
1. Short sharp breath as in G P.
2 In the acute condition there is oedema and much alb umin in the urine.
3. Cause of common cold, measles and poliomyelitis.
4. Poultice from flax.
5. A rum ice mixture for p atient with renal failure.
7. Smell often stimulating flow of saliva.
8. Separate mother and child.
9. Nevertheless, not a prosthetic part of the skeleton.
14 Clotting of blood in injured or diseased vessel.
16. Current shock in breath taking.
18 This pustule is Anthrax.
20. Commit suicide.
2 1. Sound indicating a break?
23. The small carcinoma for fluid-filled space surrounding brain and spinal cord
25. Alan is confused about direction preceding ducts and bones
26. Duck, twopence and a shilling often with ends.
Po st to Editor, mark Compo 2, 23, Pembroke G ar dens, London , W 8 Closing date: U.K June 1; Overseas Jul y 1
PRIZE-BEER MUG
JUNIOR AND SENIOR CROSSWORD COMPETITION- First two correct solution s in each se ction to be opened.
PLEASE NOTE CHANGE OF ADDRESS FOR "REVIEW" MATTER, INCLUDING ADVERTISEMENTS, AS PRINTED ON CONTENTS PAGE
Cosmetics & Dermatology-cont. from page 6
SHOULD AXILLARY HAIR BE REMOVED?
For beauty the answer may be, yes. Its purpose. of course, is to assist in the evaporation of sweat in the unclothed. Less hair in women can be distasteful especially so in summer when stockings are not being worn. Shaving is a good simple method for either site. If an .electric razor is chosen, powder may first be dusted on the skin. Where a safety razor is used less trauma is caused if a shaving soap. rather than powder. is first employed. Modern depilatory creams rely on thioglycolates to soften the hair fibre to such an extent that it will break as the cream is rubbed off with cotton wool. They cause the S-S bonds in the keratin to be ruptured and are the same organic compounds as those employed in cold permanent waving, the basic difference being the vehicle in which they are incorporated and the relative concentration of the chemical. Sulphides were formerly used: barium sulphide, a rat poison, had to be abandoned because it was too dangerous; calcium and strontium sulphides hydrolyse too and produce that "rotten egg" smell, due to liberated hydrogen sulphide.
D E ODORANTS AND ANTIPERSPIRANTS
Our course leads us to deodorants and antiperspirants. While most of the prodncts sold under one or both of these titles have both properties they are distinct and procured by separate means.
Perspiration takes place from two types of sweat gland, the eccrine, which are widely distributed over the skin surface and act as temperature regulators, and the apocine ones which develop at puberty and are normally confined to the axillae and ano-genital areas. The odour of fresh perspiration varies with the individual and as well with changes of physical actIVIty and dIet. From clean Skill it has a mild and usually non-objectionable odour. It undergoes marked changes on standing. due to bacterial of content into fatty acids, this beillg most rapId ill hot weather. It is fairly obvious that body odour can be suppressed by eliminating it or reducing the volume of perspiration or by both.
Many chemicals have been employed as deodorants, from simple zinc oxide and boric acid to modern powerful antiseptics, such as hexachlorolatter, which is fortu m.ately a rare skin sensIllser, IS now the most commonly used antiseptic for this, reducing the skin 'flora and considerably delaying the decomposition of sweat.
As antibiotics are far better suppressors of bacterial growth than antiseptics they ha:ve been 28
substituted, but have not found commercial favour as their sensitisation index is far greater than that of hexachlorophane and there is the added danger that antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria will emerge.
Chlorophyll enjoyed a great, if transient , popularity as a remover of all and sundry noxious odours. It does work as a deodorant but its use is declining for various technical reasons As with so many cosmetic preparations sold in this country, perfume is normally added. This may occasionally cause an allergic skin reaction.
Antiperspirants act by virtue of their astringent action which inhibits the flow of perspiration by coagulating the protein of the skin with a n accompanying swelling of the sweat gland openings , cau sing partial blockage with reduced flo w of sweat. Care must be taken to avoid complete blockage as thi s may predispose to painful ab scess formation.
There is a wide choice of antiperspirants on the market including powder , lotion, stick , mist, p as te and cream. Many metallic salts have been employed but the acid salts of aluminium , such a s sulphate, chloride and phenolsulphate, a re the most effective if used in concentrations of from 10 to 20 per cent. The formulation require s a great deal of skill as the low pH of the salts ma y ca u se skin irritation if there are minor shaving abrasions present, and also damage to fabrics. The latter should never be ironed until all antiperspirant has first been removed by washing or dry cleaning.
LIPSTICK
What would the 20th-century civilised woman do without her lipstick?
Although the art of colouring the female lips dates back to the dawn of civilisation, it is only during the last 30 years that lipstick has become the principal article of make-up. Before the First World War lipsticks were composed of an oil and wax base coloured by carmine obtained from dried insects of the species Coccus cacti. In the kitchen this dye is labelled cochineal. It is insoluble in water, gives less intense colour than modern lipsticks and will wipe off.
In the early 1920s it was discovered that eosin, the dye used in red ink, has special virtues as a colouring agent in lipstick. When applied to the lips a reaction occurs with the surface layers producing an "indelible" stain which is difficult to remove as the eosin has formed a loose bond with the epithelium. A whole range of colours can be produced from acid eosin and the various compounds derived from it, and it is still the mainstay of the colour used in the major ity of lipsticks. Eosin als.o shares with carmine the advantage of being completely harmless if ingested-this is far from the case with many other dyes, especially the
(Continued on page 31)
ADVERTISEMENTS-CLASSI FI·ED
Advertisements wit h remittance should be sent to The
A dvertisement Dept., The St. John "Review," 23 Pembroke Gardens, London, W.8 (to which address replies t o Box Numbers should be forwarded). Rate 9d. per word, minimum lO s Box numbers 2s. 6d. extra. Trade a dvertisements Is. per word, minimum ISs. Semi-display advertisements in classified section charged a t one-sixteenth page rate. (please note copy cannot be a ccepted after the 17th of the month preceding publica· ti on date.)
F ull Page 50 gns. H alf Page 26 gns.
Quarter Page 14 gns. One·Eighth Page 8 gns.
Discount of 5 per cent for three; 7! per cent for six; 10 per cent for nine and 15 per cent for twel v e insertions - other combinations subject to agreement.-Editor.
FOR SALE
BALL -P E NS , Di a rie s, Note P a ds K eys, F ob s, Pencils, etc., G old- s ta mp ed Bri ga de n a me or Pers on a l n a mes rais e f und s qu ickl y-eas ily. De ta il s-Northern Novelties, Brad f ord , 2.
AM BULAN CE O F FI CER S j a cket a nd tro u sers for sa le at n o m i n a l p rice. T a ilored Wes t End a nd superior materi a l, unm arke d O wne r 5H I I in. Me d i u m buildMarti n, M a n sa rd , W ymers Wood R oa d , Burnha m , Bucks.
S. J.A.B Badge Wall Shields, 35s 6d ; S J.A.B. Gold
Cas ed Crested Cuff Links , 57s 6d Medal ribbons Is. 6d ea ch ribbon on buckram for se w ing on uniform , 2s. each ribbon mounted on pin brooch ; Regula tion medals mounted 3s. 6d. per med a l on brooch. Miniatures q uoted for. - MONTAGUE JEFFERY , Ou t fitter St. G iles Street. Northampton .
SPORTS EV E NTS , BAZAARS , GARDEN FETES
Send f or C a tal o gu e. TROPHY CUPS, F UND RAISERS BALLOON RACES , PERFUME CARDS , FANCY
G OODS , TO Y S , NOVELT I E S , CARNIVA L HATS
ETC. ALL AT WHOLESALE T RAD E PRI C ES. Sav e £££s fr om the l ar ge st suppli ers to R.O.S.T . in the co untry . Let u quote f or your WEEK LY TOT E AND D RAW TICK ETS , E T C WE AR E T H E C HEAPEST IN TIlE TRADE .-SWINNERTONS LID Dept. R O., Un i on Stre e t, Walsall.
WITIl OUR HELP y our ba zaar will be a greater success · than ever! Come a nd see our exten siv e range of toys st ationery. ALSO pre-select ed pa r cels: 144 6d. toys OR 72 I s to y s OR 42 I s lId. to ys OR S ele'cti on toys Is. to 5s lId. OR Selection as sorted s t ationery Each parcel 54s., plus 4s . 6d . postage. Two or more parcels 6s. postage. Price lists- J. E THOMAS & SON (Cuffiey) LTD. , 2a, Handsworth Road, London , N.17. N O PRICE INCREASE. Through bulk buying we can still supply full length British :BALL POINT PENS diestamped in gold with your Organisation or Charity, for 5d. each quantity one gross. Please print your slogan (maXimum 30 letters) and send 60s. for 144 printed pens.-J. E. TIlOMAS & SON (Cuffiey) LTD , 2a H andsworth Road, London, N.17 29
ELISHAN PRINTING & PUBLISIllNG LTD. Is your Branch experiencing Printing and Publishing difficulties at the present time in respect of your Year Book and Directory publication ? If so , we
in respect of future publica tions. Kindly contact Mr. H. Shannon of Eli shan Printing & Publishing Ltd. , 58 Edgware Way, E dgwa r e , Middlesex. Tel.: 01-958 6655 / 6/7 (Classified Ads. continued overleaf)
For details of the House and Membership, please complete and return this coupon to THE WARDEN, ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE, LONDON, S.W.I. (BELgravia 2732).
Classified Advertisements-cont.
WANTED
NURSING OFFICER'S UNIFORM SUIT. Measurements 34in ., 26in., 38in. Mrs. S. M. Needham, 6, Cherry Royston, Herts.
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL
CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates accepted at the age of 16 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students, Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped School of Nursing. Successful candidates, on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses Home in Ktmsington within easy reach of the Albert Hall. Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tennis Court Active Social Club.
Applications in writing to the Matron.
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON E.C.I
Vacancies exist for STATE ENROLLED NURSES to enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing. Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing.
Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board.
Opportunities for promotion and practicai responsibility in the specialist field of nursing.
Apply to Miss M. B. MacKellar, Matron Moorfields Eye Hospital.
HOLIDAY ACCOMMODATION
BED AND BREAKFAST, Hayle, Cornwall. SPECIAL RATES to St. John Members.-Write Polkinghorne, 60, Commercial Road.
THE NEW UNIFORMS READY FOR ANYTHING
Ambulance Divisions
Members tunic and trousers
Officers t1lnic and trousers
Terylene cotton coat-all ranks
Quilted nylon detachable lining
Prices are exclusive of collar badges, etc., which are extra
synthetic ones, some of which might even be carcinogenic.
The compounding of a lipstick is no mean feat. T he base must permit uniform dispersal of the pigment, form a stick of sufficient strength to resist a ccidental breakages and be s.oft enough to allow easy application, while it must not melt or run in summer weather. The added perfume-oil must be sel ected with care. It must be non-irritant and free of any unpleasant taste. Spicy and floral flavours a re preferred by wearers to fruity ones.
Part n continued in May iss ue.
1. Hearty listener.
ACROSS
8. Ideal , but impracticable.
10. Danger to life in upper ileum.
11. Fishy organ of locomotion.
12. Evidence of indigestion, but there is no cardiac damage.
14. Basic element of living tissue.
16 Friend dined in the mouth.
18. No stimulus to special nerve-endings of the tongue.
19. Island without article for young animal.
20. Form of oxygen has one to an ounce.
22. P c. tried to prophesy.
23. Take a turn rouEd the wrist to start an d finish.
DOWN
2. Annoying foreign body from the garden.
3. Fracture of neck common in elderly people.
4. May be in association with knee, skull or toe.
5. Extravasation of blood producing bruise-like patches in skin.
6. Uninspiring way to die
7. Wash for patient confined to bed.
9. Sight of myopic.
13. Surpass all expectations.
15. Take aloes or turn up for !lied rash.
17. Indian plant pro vi ding rope and hashish.
19 Adhere closely .
21. Finally finishing 13 down
Name
Addre ss
OLD EYES FOR NEW
HOW TO GET TO THE GATE
concerning cours@s in First Aid, Patient care in the home, Clean Food Handling, Hygiene and Public Health and Child Care
Ask the nearest ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION CENTRE
or write to The THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION
I Grosvenor Crescent, London S.W.I Tel: 01-235 5231 32
FOR SERVICE
you can best put the principles and practice of the knowledge gained on the First Aid Course into active use by joining the ST."JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE
Ask a(the nearest unit of the ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE
or write to The Chief Staff Officer THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London S.W.I Tel: 01-235 5231
You a nd thous a nd s more of us - ordin a ry men a nd womenm a y no w giv e sight to someone who is , at this moment , blind
Because this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back their vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
FOR SUPPLIES
of First Aid Manuals, or any teaching book relating to courses organised by the St. John Ambulance Association. Teaching aids generally include First Aid Film Loops. Uniforms for the St. John Ambulance Brigade, including Badges and Insignia. All First Aid Materials-stretchers, kits, etc.
Write to General Manager ORDER OF ST. JOHN
St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, london E.C.I Tel: CLErkenwell 6644
Ey es of a ll colour s a re equ a lly valu a ble, and it doe s not m a tter if y ou h av e wo r n spect a cles for ye a rs.
If y ou are not as young as you w ere , do not feel that your offer will be less valu a ble. Strangely enough , it will be more so: the eyes of older people are e ven better for this purpose .
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shall benefit, it is essential that there should be many more willing donors than will ever be called upon.
H is Majesty K ing Hu sse in of J ordan h as donated h is eyes to the Or de r's Op h tha lmic Ho spita l in J erusalem
Mar k a ll co rr espondence " CORNE A L GR A FTIN G " addr essed to : The Director-Gener al , The Ro ya1 Nation a l In sti tut e for the Blind , 224 Great Portl a nd St reet , London , W.1.
THE KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN
The first edition of the history of the Order by the late Sir Edwin King was published in 1924 entitled "The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England." Sir Edwin was a man with many cultural and humanitarian interests , foremost amongst them was his association with the Order in which he held three of its Executive Offices as Registrar , Librarian and Chancellor.
Sir Harry Luke, Bailiff Grand Cross, Bailiff of Egle of the Order, has revised and continued this fascinating work.
In his Foreword the Lord Prior, the Lord Wakehurst, sa ys "This has been a considerable task, but by no one better qualified for it than Sir Harry with his almost life-long knowledge of the Eastern Mediterranean , his deep studies of the history of The Order of St. John, his close association with the government of the Venerable Order for some 40 years, and the literary ability which has made his books popular throughout the whole English-speaking world."
The book is attractively bound in scarlet with the Cross of the Order embossed in white and gold on the cover.
Published by The Order of St. John. Price 50s.
ST. JOHN REVIEW
POSTAL SUBS(;RIPTION FORM
To the Treasurer and Accountant. Order of St. John. I Grosvenor Crescent. London. S.W.1.
Please supplyjrenew* ST. JOHN REVIEW
commencing with the issue
1 enclose 17/- for 1 year
Cheques. etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John.
Name IN BLOCK CAPITALS
Address
*Delete whichever is inapplicable.
Have you seen our exciting new 35mm filmstrips and 8mm filmloop on Casualty Simulation?
Please send me on approval (sale or return) the following filmstrips:
* Casualty Simulation
*First Aid for Road Users
* First Aid for Fractures
First Aid at Home
Advanced First Aid Series
The Role of Oxygen in the Human Body
* Safety and First Aid in Industry
Epilepsy
Drug Dependency
*8mm filmloops also available
Please send me on approval (sale or return):
1 35mm Filmstrip Projector
An Bmm Filmloop (Single Concept Cassette) Projector
An Automatic Slide Projector
A Daylight Screen
Name • Address Tel.
Please fill in the above form and return it to:
b y doctors and hospitals in this c ountr y and o ve rs e as . ' Savlon' Antiseptic Cream 1/6,2 /6, 4/ 6, 8 / 3. 'Savlon' Liquid Antiseptic 1/ 6t , 2/ 9t 4/10
ADVERTISEMENTS-CLASSI FI ED
Advertisements with remittance should be sent to The A dvertisement Dept , The St. John " Re view, " 23 Pemb roke Gardens, London, W.8 (to which address replies t o Box Numbers should be forwarded). Rate 9d. per word, minimum lO s Box numbers 2s 6d. ex tra. Trade a dverti sements Is. per word, minimum IS s Semi-dis pla y advertisements in classified section charged at one-sixteenth page rate. (plea se note copy cannot be ac cepted after the 17th of the month preceding publicati on date.)
£££'S FOR YOUR GROUP HIGH PROFITS MADE BY OUR -FAST SELLING
Road, Sutton Coldfield, Warks.
F un Page .. ....... 50 gns. Qualier Page 14 gns. One-Eighth P a ge 8 gns.
Ha lf Page 26 gns
Discount of 5 per cent for three; 7! per cent for si x ; 10 per celi t for nine and 15 per cent for twel ve ins ertions - other combinations s ubject to agreement.-Editor.
UP TO 30 0;0 FOR SALE
DISCOUNT on branded CARPETS
WILTON. AXMINSTER. ORIENTALS. Etc. FREE delivery U K Chinese , Ind ian Persian Carpets and Rugs a speciality Expert fitting arranged if required Write stating requirements or for introduction to showrooms-LONDON or MAIN cities DODSON-BULL CARPET CO., LTD.
Showrooms : 2-'4 Little Britain London, E.C.I MON 7171 (10 lines) 83-89 Blackett St Newcastle-upon-Tyne Tel 20321 or 21428 55-61 Le v er Street Manch e ster , Tel 061-236 3687/ 8 / 9
S. LA.B Badge Wall Shi elds , 35 s. 6d. ; S J A.B Gold Cased Crested Cuff Lin ks , 57s. 6d. Medal r i bbons I s 6d. each ribbon on buckra m for se w ing on un iform , 2s. each ribbon mounted on pin brooch ; R egulat ion medals mounted 3s. 6d. per m edal on brooch Miniatures quoted for. - MONTAGUE JEFFERY , Outfi tter , St G iles Street. Northampton.
SPORTS EVENT S, BA Z AARS , G A RD E N F ET ES Send f or Ca ta logu e . TROPHY CU PS , F U ND RAISERS , BALLOON RACES , P E RFUME CARDS , FANCY G OODS , TO YS , N OV ELTI E S, CARNIV A L HATS, ETC . ALL AT WHO LES ALE T RADE PRI C ES. Sa ve £££s f r om th e l a r ges t supplie rs to R.O S.T. in the co un try. Let u s quote f or y our WE E KL Y TOTE AND D RAW TICKE TS ETC. WE AR E THE C HEAPEST IN THE TRADE .-SWINNERTONS LTD , Dept. R.O., Un ion Street, Walsall
WITH OUR HELP y our baza a r will be a gre ater success ever! Come and see our extensi ve range of to ys, st atIOnery. ALSO pre-selected p a rcels : 144 6d. to ys OR 72 Is toys OR 42 I s lId. to ys OR Selection to ys Is. to 5s. lId OR Selection assorted stationery. Each parcel 54s., plus 4s 6d. pos t age. T w o or more parcels 6s. postage. Price lists-J. E THOMAS & SON (Cuffley ) LTD. , 2a, Hand sworth Road, London, N.17.
N.O PRICE INCREASE Through bulk buying we can sh U supply full length British BALL POINT PENS diest amped in with you.r Organisation or Charity, for 5d quantIty one gross Please print yQur sl ogan (maxImum 30 letters) and send 60s. for 144 printed peLls.-J. E. TIIOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD. , 2a H andsworth Road, London, N .17
ELISHAN PRINTING & PUBLISHING LTD. Is your Branch e x per iencing Printing and Publishing difficulties at the p r esent time in re spect of your Year Book and Dire cto r y publication ? If so , we can offer our
Apply
DATES FOR YOU R DIARY
National Events 1968
The f0110wing is a list of events s o far arra nged :
Ministry of Technology
A rmy Dep artment Ambulance Ce ntre
ST. JOHN S DAY
Members of the O r d€[
Annu a l Ser vice
Motor Sports G a la Farmers' Club
Briga de Finals
Charity Wrestling Matches
Br iti sh Railw ays, London Tran sport
(R a ilw ays) & Br iti sh Tr a n sport
Dock s & Br iti sh Tran sp ort Police
Cadet Rally
Intern a tional Jubil€€ Camp
Ga s Indu stry
National Road Pa ss enger Transport
Ambulance A ss ociatiem
Order of St. John Inv€stitur€
G€neral Post Office AmbulanG€ Centre
Order of S1. John Investiture
Grand Prior's Tro lP hy Competitions
DATE & PLACE TO BE AGREED
Fir€ Brigades
St. Paul' s Cathedral
Debden, Essex
Ro yal Show, Kenilworth
Fairfield Hall, Croy don
Ro ya l Albert Hall
Queen Mary Co llege , E.l
Malvern, Worcs. Swansea
Friends Hou se, Euston Road Aberdeen Grand Priory Church
Seymour Hall, W.l Grand P ri ory Chu r ch
Seymour H a ll, W.1
There's a correct position for every case with
WADHAM MULTI-POSTURE STRETCHER TROLLEY
Rugged and strongly built to an entirely new design, the Wad ham Multi-Posture trolley is truly multi-purpose in application. Constructed of aluminium alloy, with retaining bar fot securing within a vehicle.
An infinite variety of adjustments cater for all manner of in j uries
The:! only trolley with a Postu ra l Dr ain age position
TWO MODELS: PRICE £128 & £110
Export Orders handled promptly and effi ciently. Wadhams ALWAYS deliver on time.
From the Sole Dist rib utors and En glan d s Bi ggest Ambulance WADHAMS (COACHBUllDERS) LTD
Hambledon Road, Waterlooville. Hants., England Tel: Waterloov i lle 2661 and 2585
ow Complan helpsyou helptheelderly ·
Th e seventh age of man presents age -old problems One of these is n utri tion-how to keep elderly p eo ple properly nourished once t hei rtaste and desire for good food h as diminished Because Complan i s a complete food, containing b ala nced proportions of all the n utrients needed for complete h ea lth, Complan can solve this p ro blem What's more, Complan can solve it in a way that's acceptable t o the elderly Why do elderly people r es ort to nutritionally-poor diets?
Poor teeth? No appetite? Can't be b othered? Faddy tastes? Then
C om plan is the obvious answer.
C om[0lan needs no chewing, is v ery easily digested, takes no l o nger to make than cocoa, can be ser ved as a drink or used in Cooking, and can be flavoured s weet or savoury to suit all tastes.
A CllJP of Complan daily enriches t he protein, energy, vitamin and m ineral intake of elder.Jy people,
to fortify and balance their diets without upsetting routine or digestion In times of illness
Complan is invaluable. Seriously ill patients can be nourished for months on Com plan alone.
Remember Complan for the elderly. This is the complete food that enriches nutritionally-poor diets in a way old people can accept
Complanthe complete meal in a cup
Complan
5 / - per Ib pack (recommended price)
Complan is a Glaxo trade mark
Glaxo Laboratories Ltd Greenford, Middlesex
3
It is with the deepest regret that we announce the death of MISS LILIAN KEY, friend and co)]eague for many years at Association Headquarters. In spite of suffering from an incurable disease, and after severa l serious operations, she returned to work when many
CONTENTS
COVER PICTURE
Within fourteen minutes of the beginning of the match between Oxford United and Albion eal1lier this year the Albion left George Dalton, broke h\s right leg in two places. The game was h eld at Goldstone and members of the Brigade are seen carrying him off. Eve ning Argus 5
FRONTISPIECE
on
at the Spurs v
CRASH INFERNO
(Below)
TWO CARS collided at Finedon crossroads and one burst into flam es. Four p eo pl e were injur ed and detained in hospital. David Bailey, son of the St. John Ambulance Di visional Secretary, was in a fish and chip shop, when he heard the crash and ran to where h e kn ew the FinedOJ/ Ambulance Division was holding its practice night. Members rushed to th e scene with equipment and stretchers.
LONDON DISTRICT ANNUAL CAMP
ISLE OF WIGHT
Stoat's Farm, Totland Bay
August 11-18, 1968
Organisers of camps all the country have, no doubt, been hard at it durmg the wmter months (as usual).' preparing for the coming "invasion," while enthusLasts ha l'e been looking forward to the season.
Picture shows: Dame Barbara Cozens, Chief Nursing Officer, inspecting officer at last year's camp when it celebrated its 10th anniversary. She also cut the anniversary cake.
Governor-General Presents Awards
H.E. SIR MA:URICE DERMAN, Gov erno r-General, presented insignia to m embe rs wh o were admItted to or promoted m the Or de r (Left to rig ht): Serving Br oth e rs Mr: J. French, Mr. E. Dr. J. F Cremona. Pr omoted to Officer Broth ers Dr. J. Sahba, Mr. A. V,. Cal!'chz and Prof essor A. J. Craig. Serving Broth ers Dr. P Cassa r, and Mr. V. Camzli en.
DIAMOND
Winners of the "St. Elmo" Shield
OF Pawla-Ta rxien Ambulance Di visiou c:fter their in winning the closely contested com.petztLOn. (Left to nght): C. P. Cachia, D J. Chetcuti C: Zammit and P. P izzute and the casua l ty, Anthony , Pl zz ute.
ello, M. Ciangura, E Silvio and L. Demiceli
A VIEW of the St. John Ambulance H eadquarters at St. Jam es Counterguard, Valletta
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AMBULANCE CENTRE NATIONAL FINALS
Results on Page 27
NEW VENTURE IN CEYLON
Picture shows the first successful candidates of the Ceylon Transport Board 's courses in First Aid, Nursing and Child Care. The Chairman of the Board (cent re), Brigade Commissioner, o n the left, and the Honorar y Secretary of the Association on the right. This is a new ven tur e for the Board and their Chief Medical Offi ce r is taking steps to orga ni se classes of First Aid throughout the country. The target is to have a trained First Aider in every depot, garage and workshop in the island. Congratulations to Our successful colleagues and every good wish for the project.
ST. JOHN INTERNATIONAL JUBILEE CAMP IN WALES
H.R.H. THE PRINCESS MARGARET, Commandant-in-Chief, St. John Ambulance & Nursing Cadets, will visit the camp on Monday, July 22 (the day after she "reviews the troops" at the Cadet Rally to be held near Malvern, Worcs.).
Contingents from South Africa, Canada, Cyprus and Malta are definitely attending, and it is very much hoped that there will be one from the many other Commcmwealth countries in which St. John has an ever increasing membership.
During their stay the Canadian party will be visiting the Priory of Scotland for ten days. Although St. John Ambulance does not operate there (the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association undertakes all duties and training), the Order has a number of ho spitals for the aged.
OVERSEAS VISITORS TO THE U.K.
The Right Reverend James Hughes, Bishop of Trinidad, accompanied by his wife, is attending the Lambeth Conference in June and it is very much hoped that His Lordship (a Chaplain of the Order) and Mrs Hughes will be able to attend the St. John's Day Celebrations on June 22.
Another distinguished visitor from Trinidad will be Mr. Albert Collier (a member of the St. John Council); he is expected within the ne xt few weeks and ha s also expressed a wish to attend St. John functions.
Wing Commander Fountain, Commissioner for Bermuda , is expected to arrive on May 13 for a three week visi t.
Puan Sri Sadiah Sardon, Di strict Superintendent (N), West Malaysia, is now in Eng]and and we lo ok forward to publishing something of what she has seen and done during her stay.
Mr. B. Maharaj, from F iji , who takes a great interest in St. John work, is expected to be invested as a Serving Brother at the ceremony to be h eld in the Grand Priory Church on May 14.
The Lady Moyra Browne, Deputy Superintendent-in-Chief, has just returned from Malta, and Lt.-Gen. Sir Alexander Drummond, Personal Adviser to the Director-General, is at present visiting Malawi, Kenya, South Africa and Rhodesia. (Reports on these two visits will appear in a future issue.)
E
Droylsden S.J.A.B.
ARTHUR KEARNS, S.R.N., Nursing Officer
,
CHAMPIONSHIP SMILES f rom the London (Battersea)
lectricity Supply Ambulance Cen tr e's tea m.
LADY CHAM PIO S from th e Merseyside & N. Wales (Chester) team.
COSMETICS AND DERMATOLOGY
By courtesy of the NURSING M1RROR.
Concluding lecture by Napi er Thorne, M.D., M.R.C.P. , physician-in-charg e, Skin D e partments, Prince of Wales's General Hospital, Tottenham, Mile End Hospital, and St. Andrew 's Hospital, Bow, London.
PART II
ALLERGY
Sabouraud, that learned French dermatologist, reported allergy to lipstick as long ago as 1905. Hellier, of Leeds, in 1937, was the fint to report in this country that eosin could cause allergy. This has since been shown to be due to acquired hypersensitivity sometimes induced by light sensitivity. It produces irritation and soreness of the lips, associated with peeling and fissuring. The angles of the mouth are usually spared. Treatment consists of absolute discontinuation of use of all lipstick until chelitis has completely subsided. Local applications of hydrocortisone give symptorelief in acute cases. A lip salve or a simple emul$ifying cream should be frequently applied. When recovery has taken place, trial should be made of a "non-allergic" lipstick which does not contain eosin. Many lipstick manufacturers produce such a lipstick in a variety of shades. Unfortunately they are not indelible.
NAIL VARNISH
While on the subject of bright colours our thoughts turn to the nails. Ladies have manicured their hands and polished their finger-nails for centuries but it is only within living memory that nail preparations have been widely used, and there is a profusion of products available, apart from base coats and top coats. These include chemical cuticle removers, which are more liable to induce chronic paronychia than cuticle scissors, bleaches, stain removers, driers and nail creams. Perhaps the most recent introduction in the United States is plastic nail elongators, which provide for the nail biter a substitute so tough that it is relatively difficult to bite through them!
A lot of complex chemistry goes into every bottle of nail varnish. For instance, "pearl essence," which produces a shimmering effect, is a suspension of guanine obtained by scraping scales off fish such as herring.
Professor Calnan (1957) found that in a series of 158 patients suffering from cosmetic dermatitis. nail varnish was the second comm.onest cause, for 20 per cent of cases.
CAUSE AND EFFECT
Women finger their faces, particularly their eyelids and the sides of their necks, and it is here, 12
and not on the fingers, that we find nail varnish dermatitis.
It sometimes appears on the legs, due to nail varnish being used to stop a ladder from running, and has even produced a case of pruritis ani The sensitiser is usually, but not always, the resin. Base coats at one period were reported as producing subungual haemorrhages, nail dystrophies, onycholysis and hyperkeratosis , due to a phenolic compound which they contained. The reported cases stopped abruptly, suggesting an alteration of formulation by the manufacturers.
Nail varnish removers, whether oily or not, also cause flaking and brittleness in a proportion of users. As with lipstick , it is possible to manufacture hypo-allergic nail varnishes.
At one time face powders caused contact dermatitis due to the orris root which they contained. Since its use was abandoned, contact reactions to face powders and face creams have become extremely rare . Mascara and eyeshadow also contribute the occasional case of allergic sensitivity.
In men we see relatively little dermatitis from cosmetics-in part this is due to the fact that they use considerably fewer cosmetic and toilet preparations than women. The occasional hair dye dermatitis will occur. Perhaps our biggest haul is after Christmas when father tries out that new after-shave lotion and immediately comes out in a localised erythema. As a dermatologist I have only twice been called out on Boxing Day to see a skin patient; one was just such a case!
BIRTHMARKS
Until recently birthmarks, scars and other blemishes often psychologically disturbed patients, even to .the extent of rendering them recluses. Much can be done by plastic surgery to reconstruct noses destroyed by lupus vulgaris or to remove pitted scars by dermabrasion. Pigmentary changes and birthmarks can now be oompletely conoealed, t hanks to m.odern cosmetic techniques such as Covermark, while unsightly burn scars can be rendered far less macabre. It seems a little strange that the generous
Ministry of Health, while providing a free wig to cover the burn scars of a patient's scalp, expects the same unfortunate sufferer to pay in full for the equally necessary cosmetic cover for his scarred face.
"Ointment and perfume rejoice the heart," said the writer .of the Proverbs (Proverbs 27, 9). In fact the first mention of perfume in the Bible is in the book of Exodus, where it was incorporated in incense. Nowadays perfume is in universal use, and while being the raison d'etre of toi!et waters and colognes it is added to most c,osmetics except face rouge, eye make-up, and nail products. For the wearer who may be senSItIve to perfume there are very reputable sC?called non-allergic make-up from which It IS omitted.
The know-how of the perfumer is far more highly guarded than in other branch. of the cosmetic field. The vanous aromas which are evolved are the result of blending two or more, sometimes up to a hundred, different the result being a mixture rather than a chemIcal compound.
There are three distinct groups of substances which are used by perfumers. Animal secretions, and only four are commercially useful, form the smallest group and include civet, made famous by Shakespeare's plays. It is derived from a gland under the tail of the civet cat. The others are ambergris, from alimentary canal of the spermaceti whale, castoreum and musk from the preputial sac of the musk deer. They valuable lingering property and aSSIst ill fixmg other perfumes. Flower or floral oils are essences obtained by extraction from plants, usually the flowers, with solvents. They are often a IDlxture of many distant chemicals, which may defy complete analysis. Other perfumes are synthetically from coal tar, petroleum and SImIlar products.
CONTACT DERMATITIS
Contact dermatitis has been described in workers in perfume factories but the number of cases is relatively small. Clinical experience suggests the oil of Bergamot is the most frequent cause of perfume dermatitis. The condition is known as berloque dermatitis. It presents as pale to deep brown pigmentation of the skin upon exposure to natural sunlight following the application of the perfume, which is a common constituent of eau-de-Cologne and toilet waters, and is a personal idiosyncrasy.
The neck is the commonest site to be affected amd the brown streaks steadily darken as they run from top to bottom. Often the most expensive perfumes, rather than the cheapest, are responsible. This is ascribed to adulteration with small quantities of copper, as they are stored and shipped in
copper containers. A violet ,or jasmine fragrance containing methyl heptine carbonate has been incriminated as causing allergic dermatitis on a number of occasions.
The list of possible perfumes causing allergy is long and include oil of cloves, oil of lemon, oil of orange, eugenol and vanillin. Patch testing to the perfume or a perfume-containing cosmetic may clinch the diagnosis. Owing to the complexity of the ingredients, patch testing to these could well be a formidable task and is not recommended.
It is only natural that the dermatologist should see cases where aJlergy to cosmetics has occurred. Do not be put off from using them by of aUergy, as in most cases it is far less likely to occur than from penicillin or even aspirin taken internally.
PERSONALITIES
Miss Linda
Laytham-Gold
Award
J::1N DA HAS recently gained the Duk e of Ed in burgh's Award Gold Standard. S h e started as a Cadet in the Sp rowston N IC Division du rin g which time she gained th e Bronze and Silv e r Awa rds. She has n ow t r ansfe rr ed to the Adult Di vision Amo n g th e proj ects Linda unde rtook for the award was working for a week, during her holidays, at the local c hildren's hom e and in helping, for a week, to @rganise a resid e ntial course designed to inter es t young people in the Scheme. She has gained her Adl 'anced Nursing Ce rt ificate, S .J. A.A., and s tu died plant life and home planning.
Dr. J. Withers Receives Order's Service Medal
DR. J. WITHERS (centre), Moderator-designat e of the Presbl'terian Chur ch in Ir ela nd, received his Se rvice Medal from the Governor, Lord Erskine at an I nvestitu re h e ld at Government House, Hillsborough. The "came rawoman" is Miss She il ah Withe rs Dr. Withers ' daughter Belfast Tel egraph
. A Hundred Years Young
MISS ANNIE CARRICK ce l ebrated her 100th Birthday on January 8-she had three cakes and is seen cutting one of them. A lso in the picture (left to right): The Mayor, Ald F. H. W. Bishop, Lt.-Colonel Williamson (Secretary to th e COUllci l of the Order and D e pu ty Commissioner, S.J.A.B., Gloucesters hir e), and th e Mayoress, Mrs. Bish op. Miss Carrick is Pr esident of the C h e lt en ham Nursing Cadet Di vision and it was through her efforts that the Cheltenham Nursing Di vision was fo rmed in 1910. Needless to say she was th e first t o "s ign-on" and , in 1934, became Di v isi ona l Superintendent. The n ext vear s h e formed the first Nursing Cade t Dil'isi on. Miss Carrick has lived all her li fe in Che lt en ham and was a schoo l teacher so that her continued interest in the Cadets is understandable, but h e r del'oted service to St. J ohn is outstanding.
Gloucester hire Echo
WALES
Mrs. Sheila Mary Dobson, S.R.N.
WAS APPOINTED County Nursing Officer for Flintshire last yea r. She started as a Cadet and gained her Grand Pri o r's Badge in 1955. It is allvays wonderful to hear about our young members who , after studying for their chosen careers, " r e turn to the fold." P erhaps more would do so if we to ok a littl e more trouble keeping in t ouch during the tim e when they are otherwise occupied-making a ca reer, bringing up small ch ildr en o r engaged in some other til17 e -consnm in g activity-a Christmas card, or a copy of the Di v isional programme with an i nvitation to drop ilL, or passing on a copy of the " R ev iew. "
MancheSler Evening News
SALUTE TO THE BRAVE
Letter of Commendation-
AIM. B. E. de Carteret
GUERNSEY AMBULANCE DIVISION. Last year
Mr. de Carteret rescued a boy of 15 -who got int o difficulties on the cliff at Petit Port. He was a member of the rescue team and climbed down. 300ft., and was then lowered Q further 25ft. to the trapped boy. He strapped himself and the boy to the rescue harness and they were both hauled to safety. In his letter the Commissioner-inChief states: "I have pleasure in sending you this Letter of Commendation on the efficient and courageous manner in which you effected a successful r escue with the aid of other members of the team you r action will enhance the already high reputation of the Brigade in the Bailiwick of Guernsey."
Brian J. Green
Divisional Officer M. DeneMeritorious Certificate
D /0 . M. DENE was awarded the Order's Meritorious Certificate last year for his outstanding courage in another cliff rescue during the summer. The reports of Our Channel Island s colleagues are so efficiency and mobility-that they must find them commonplace. Fuller pictures whenever possible of the individuals concerned (if not of the event)-would be most welcome for the "Review." In Guernsey, they are, on the whole, even more modest than the average member of the Brigade. This is a b'ad thing. Pride in our organisation is built up, morale raised and could even stimulate recruiting when such reports are published. So do not feel it is blowing your own trump et-it is the life-blood of our future.
Brian J. Green
PERSONALITIES
Divisional Officer
Arthur John Rosewarn
Taunton Ambulance Division. In November, last year, 57 years' active service in st. John by Mr. Rosewarn ended. He started as a first aider with the old Great Western Railway Association in 1924 and, apart from any St. John awards, he gained the Railway. Gold Service Medal (and 40 year Bar); Cross and five certificates for first al.d serVJces -only one of which was hIS part m hc)pmg at the tragic disaster at. Norton F Jtzwarren , when 28 people were killed and 58 lDJured.
He was a founder member of. the -:r:aunton Division; instructor to the Pollce, Fue SerVIce, <;:I.P.O. and Railway staff. The Scout him the Gold Thanks Badge lor 38 years trammg. their members. "Ro ie," as he is affectionately will not sever oonnection with the work [0 whlch h.e glYen of hiS life' althouah on the " Retired" list he I still "C?n call" fOT Best wishes to "Rosie" for his retrrement.
(See opposite page}
New appointment at H.Q.-
Mr. Edmund S. V. Stephens "Vic" of 78 Enfield Ambulance Division (which he joined 'in 1936), has been appointed Officer 0-9- the C.-in-C.'s staff. If anyone thinks that thIS means a polished desk and chorus of secretaries they 'could not be more wrong. One day he is res1?lendent in impeccable uniform -a few minutes later, overall and trolley. No matter what the job-"Vic" will always help. One o f those who really believes in "for the service of mankind," but not Monday to Friday, 9 to 5 only. Enfield Weekly Herald
Wiltshire
Belo\\': . . . h b D / S John Richards A / e DIVISIon, as een awarded a Meritorious Certrficate of the Order and the "Wingate Bowl." See al 0 page 23. Salis
bury Journal
lOOK AND LISTEN AND LEARN
A paper given at the National Home Safety Conference 1967
By Bill Grundy-Granada Television
All art is didactic, somebody once said-it was probably George Bernard Shaw, often the wisest fool in Christendom. Of course the theatre is a pulpit, he used to say; it cannot help itself. It must be, whether it wants or no. It is in the very nature of art to teach, to instruct, to moralise.
Well, if all art is didactic, perhaps even a subart lik@ television is too? Perhaps it also must teach, instruct, and moralise whether it likes or not?
Perhaps. But what about that huge number of avowedly non-instructional programmes, those devoted purely to entertainment (although many of them strike me as neither pure nor entertaining); what about theni? They do not set out to teach, they do not seek to impress, they do not have a message. As exemplar, you will remember the film producer who was asked what the message of his latest film was. "Message?" he asked, as he took his cigar from his mouth. "Message? Look, son. If I have a message I send it by Western Union."
But according to Shaw, and, now I come to think of it, Tolstoy too, our film man, though rich, was wrong. Because every film he made had a message. It said something, and it said it with impact, whether he knew it or not. It conveyed some capsule of knowledge, portrayed some attitude to life, made some statement about a situation, hammered home some propaganda, to an audience not captive, but voluntarily surrendered. His film, like Shaw's theatre, was a pulpit, a place where sermons are preached, a place whence cometh instruction. The only difference was that, unlike Shaw, our film man cared not at all for the text of the sermon, nor the nature of the instruction.
N ow if all this is true of the cinema and the theatre, where the audiences are not captive-if they were captive there would be far fewer sad cinema managers and mournful impresarios-how much truer is it of television, which is as compulsory a part of most people's experience as the four walls that surround the viewer and the viewed. Of all forms of art and of sub-art, television is undoubtedly the one which has potentially the highest aggregate effect, because it is very nearly omnipresent and so almost completely inescapable.
From all this, and particularly the last point, there are two fairly obvious deductions to be made. Firstly, we, the television makers, must be careful what we say: But that's our problem, not yours. The second IS the much more important point that we have an enormously powerful 18
medium of instruction here, made even more powerful by the fact that it works very largely without the audience knowing it is being worked on.
Two examples, one old, one new, will demonstrate the power. Years ago, the B.B.C. ran a television series about photography, introduced by a well-known photographer called Baron. He happened to mention, quite incidentally, that he often used a yellow filter. Twenty-four hours later you couldn't buy a yellow filter at any camera shop in the country. The dealers didn't know what had hit them, nor why they had been hit, although I suppose they liked the sensation. Baron had made no specific recommendation. He had not said that using a yellow filter was a splendid way of ensuring good outdoor shots He had not told people to go out and get one immediately. He had, I repeat, merely said in passing that he often used a yellow filter himself. His audience had been worked on without its knowing, and even more alarmingly, without Baron himself realising that he was working on them. A fairly loaded weapon, this television.
The recent example is concerned with radio. Multiply it by television's magnifying power and imagine the effect. In August this year, Mr. George Sigsworth, head of the B.B.C.'s agricultural pr ogramme section, was invited by the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nation s to go to Rome to organise farm broadcasting in other countries. He remarked that programmes like The Archers were ideal, in that they were able to put over important agricultural points in an entertaining way-again the ferment is invisible, the working is unnoticed, you will observe. He instanced the Philippines. There, he said agricultural advisers had had the greatest difficulty in persuading people to try a new variety of rice. Then they started a series of broadcasts which advocated-in an entertaining way, of coursethe use of a new variety. What happened? The inevitable, naturally enough. All stocks sold out like lightning. Now, as I said, examine that effect through television's magnifying glass, and then stand back appalled or overjoyed, according to temperament, at the efficiency of the propaganda weapon that lies there, waiting to be wielded.
All this is by way of preamble and is quite probably unnecessary, since if you did not already realise the power of the medium you presumably would not have invited me here to talk to you.
Incidentally, although the invitation left the title of the talk to me, it did suggest that it should
be on the subject-"What makes people look and listen?". To that question, then, in the light of what I have already been saying, we can give a short sharp answer. Anything! Which may sound cy nical, perhaps even depressing, but for our purposes today can be taken as encouraging. Encouraging because it means your message has a choice of vehicles. Or to change the metaphor, one can apparently get to Heaven by a number of different ways.
But this too I imagine you already know. What, th erefore, I am required to dQ today is presumably to choose the vehicle or to select the route. Or if not that, at least to explain how the engine works or the road is built.
Let me therefore abandon two things. First I aba ndon The Archers, or Coronation Street, or Emergency Ward Ten, or whatever; all tho se progra mmes which are aimed at entertaining but wh ich you know , from your own experience and from the examples I have just quoted, are also potentially immensely formative. I abandon them sim ply because they are not my field in television, not because they are no use for propaganda. They can be of tremendous use. But how you get the producers of these programmes to hide a little powder in the jam is your problem not mine. It's worth a continued try, though, because if you succeed you're almost there. But, as I say, I abandon this field because it isn't mine. Mine is the field of television journalism, television education, and the television documentary. And that is the field I intend to cultivate now.
The second thing I abandon is generality. From now on I will try to be specific. I have with me some extracts from television programmes which I think gave people very little chance of not watching or listening Programmes which, however badmannered it was of them, simply seized their audience by the throat and said "Hey you. Look. Listen. And Learn." I'll show you these extracts in a few minutes. But now let me cultivate my own garden by going over what I think are some of the desirable attributes of a documentary-type of programme aimed at making people aware of a problem and of wanting to do something about it. First, impact. The gun may look lovely, but it is no use if the bullet doesn't reach the target. The programme may be polished to perfection, but it is a waste of time if it hasn't enough impact to penetrate the skull. Now the emotional, dramatic, or ju st plain strident approaches clearly have dangers. After a time people may get used to them and discount them. But the subtle, sophisticated approach may be even more risky . It may go unnoticed altogether. Irony, as all writers know, is a chancy weapon. Sarcasm, because cruder, fetches blood more often. Impact is essential. But choose carefully. The boot up the backside wakens people more effectively than a sandbag on the skull. Secondly, simplicity. If facts must be given, they should always be presented pictorially A graph is a highly sophisticated way of presenting information, so an "animated" graph is better than a nonanimated one. And a block diagram is better than
(Continued on page 24)
DEVON
Tavistock Ambulance Cadets
AT THE END of last yea r Sir Francis Chichester laun ched an appeal for Youth in D evon at Ta vistock. Pictur e shows Mr. Gilbert Soper, D I O , Tavistock A IC Division, with some of his Cadets who staged an "acciden t" incident in support of the project. The theme of it wa s "WE KNOW wha t to do-DO YOU?" The Yelverto n Nursing Cadets also took part and the ir Divisional Offic er, Mrs. G. Sop e r, is seen in the background.
Thorington Photographs
Can these Dry Bones
EZEKIEL, CHAPTER 31
By Dr. Mary E. Rolston, Divisional Surgeon, Haslemere Nursing Division
Does anyone give a thought to the problems of the m€dicallecturer faced with an Association class, held perhaps in a village hall? Everyone has already done a full day's work (including the lecturer). He has at most 50 minutes (no one can listen for longer) to get over many diverse and novel ideas. What aids doe s he have? Officially the requirements are a stretcher, bandages , a few wall diagrams , and Resusci-Anne for one lecture, and, if he is lucky, a blackboard.
It is true that visual aids of all sorts are pressed upon us, but these are costly, or have to be transported to and from some dist ant centre. Often the hall must be blacked out, a projector and projectionist found. In village halls it is simply not ON. In any case they take up valuable lecture time. The wall diagrams though good are only twodimensional, and thus are limited in interpretation.
The art of speech to a class, and of selectivity, comes to us by experience.
The blackboard is chiefly used to list the main points of any subject. It is wise to write these up one by one as they arise and thus lead the minds on to the full list. An occasional mnemonic is useful, e.g.
Treatment of poisoning with pa tient conscious-
A -Aid quickly, with full message.
R -Retain poison and vomit.
M-Make him vomit (except in corrosive poisoning).
S -Soothing drinks freely to dilute remaining poison.
Often students will make them up for themselves; some may be of a ribald nature-all the better.
We cannot all be blackboard artists but we can try. Pin men are quick and easy and one may build up a picture as the class watches.
There are a few simple aids we may take with us. F or instance:
Lecture 1.
TAKE A HAM BONE AND 6d. PACKET OF KLEENEX
The general approach to an accident can be dramatically illustrated, and will kindle the imaginations of the audience.
Many, lecturers find the Ana'tro-ny and rather a fun meal. A short sketch of the two subjects suffices, with perhaps the fun account of the skeleton as being the basic structure. Other systems aome later under their respective subject headings.
20
Here it is a help to have a student seated by one with a rug ready on the floor. He should be young, and dressed in relaxed clothing. Points of anatomy, stance, and certain injuries are easily demon strated on him. This student will learn more than anyone else in the class.
Most people are familiar with bone, but a joint is harder. Here I find it invaluable to order a ham bone from the grocer. When he has sliced off all the meat (at the weekend as a rule) he will supp ly the jointed end for a small sum, or gratis for St. John. A minimum of dissection overnight will give a first-class exhibition of a knee-joint. The shining ligaments, and capsule , and the marrow in the severed end are well displayed. One now proceeds to open the joint with a strong knife, and the synoveal membrane and glistening cartilage are seen, and when the bones are almost parted the semilunar cartilages come into full view. The only weakness of this demon stration is the small size of the patella, but I always explain that the pig has no need to say his prayers, nor to clean the front door step.
I repeat, it must be a ):lam bone. There is something specia l in the curing that makes for success in the demonstration.
Dre ssings will be explained from the lecturer's own experience. Personally, I am always dubious about that "clean" handkerchief. Fortunately, our latest manual mentions "cellulose" tissue. I explain that this includes Kleenex or similar tissues. At this point I produce from my pocket a sealed 6d. packet of "paper" handkerchiefs and demonstrate their use as a dressing.
Lecture 2.
TAKE A SET OF "LIGHTS" AND A BABY DOLL
This lecture is always popular, Resusci-Anne being a hostess in herself, but let us start with a recap on physiology. Here the butcher may help Order a set of "lights," complete with trachea and larynx if possible. The cost is about Is. or nil. Soaked overnight in saline, they are quite presentable for the class next day. The narrow chink of the glottis, rings of trachea and the bronchi, are seen at once. A portion of the left lung is cut across to show the bronchioles, and floa te d in water to demonstrate the air bubbles. F inally, the pump of Resusci-Anne is inserted into the right bronchus, or one of its branches, and the lungs gently inflated and deflated. This will be enhanced if we cheat a
little by carefully peeling off a portion of the pleu;a from one lobule. The inflation then produces a truly spectacular rise and fall.
A dog-loving stu dent will gladly take the lights home afterwards.
Now for the teaching on asphyxia. After a gentle smile at the likelihood of meeting an astronaut in distress, we may go through the list of causes, minimising some, but adding at di scretion such items as, electric shock , snake-bite, heart attack, and plastic bags. The term respiratory centre must be defined and its "si tuation" given. This throws a floo d of light on the subject.
Of course mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is of prime importance, and it is well described in the book, but it is not all. Sylvester's method of Artificial Respiration deserves more attention than it usually gets-many forget the shoulder-pa d. Let it be removed between each stu den t's attempt. At this point some stu dent is sure to ask: "What if the casua lty is trapped face downwards?" The lecturer uses his discretion here!
In poisoning by carbon monoxide the danger to the rescuer cannot be over-emphasised. For cadets it is a good idea to stage an accident by arranging a "well " or a gas-room. Call up a plump little girl and let a boy tie a rope round her waist with a bowline: she then takes three deep breaths and crawls into the room, dra gging the casualty out in the correct manner, while the boy holds on to the life-line.
The ensuing giggles etch the whole procedure on their minds.
Choking- Do try a drink first, it often relieves the spasm. Get a student to bring a baby-sized doll and this will illustrate visually the treatment of choking in infants, and also mouth-to-face resuscitation of the new-born.
Lectures 3 and 4.
TAKE A SHEEP'S HEART, LIPSTICK AND A CORK
Ask as many students as possible to bring watches with secondhan ds an d take a sheep's heart, lipstick (for "wound s") an d a cork for the nose-bleed.
A brief recap on the circulation is a good beginning. Demon strate the heart, its size and position in the thorax and the coronary arteries, an d then cut it across to show the chambers and septum: it is tempting, but profitless , to go into too much detail. The pulse deserves close attention. Refer the students to Part II of the 11lanual, page 220, where taking the pulse is well described. Get them to practise this en each other and check some of the answers yo ur self. It is amazing how many students will report a rate of exactly 72, which is, of course, quite a rare recording.
21
The rest of these lectures follow the usual lines, illustrated by anecdotes. Nose-bleeding and dental bleeding are best remembered if illustrated on your "model."
Lecture 5.
'TAKE A FEW X-RAY FILMS, ILLUSTRATING
OBVIOUS FRACTURES
(students always appreciate these)
Joints: The sprained ankle i;; well treated in the latest manual. A II stu dents should practise it as it is such valuable knowledge. Sponge rubber (mentioned in new manual, page 11), is an excellent alternative to cotton wool here, and indeed in all packing of fractures.
Fractures: Di agnosis is the main theme. History, symptoms and signs should be given in this order, i.e. Ask, Look and Feel.
The list of 12 diagno stic points is d aunting to stu dents. If a glazed look comes over their faces STOP THE CLASS. Ask if anyone has ever seen a fracture. It is surprising how few people have. If one student has witnessed a fractured clavicle, ask him "Just how did it happen?" A flood of reminiscence will follow (which may well have to be stemme d ) but at least the class will have become involved.
The subject as a whole is easily dramatised and illustrated. Many lecturers prefer to omit the treatment of the fractured spine, until transport is studied in a later class.
Lectures
6 and 7.
TAKE AN OX-BRAIN AND PORK CHOP
Burns and scalds are well dealt with in the new Household Poison s manual. Two points are perhaps worthy of attention :
(a) Burning petrol, paraffin , and other oils should never be quenched with water-it spits and spreads the fire. Smothering is the only remedy; illustrate with frying pan and saucepan lid.
(b) Immersing the part in cold water. Students always ask "How lon g for?" My answer is probably only valuable for the first 10 minutes.
Let your -model be wearing rings an d bracelets. The manual rightly emphasises their early removal, but in my experience it is nearly always forgotten: a vis ual ap proach helps.
Unconsciousness. Get students to brin g crash helmets and car safety belts. Order from the butcher an ox-brain if possible, this being the largest obtainable, a lthough only one-third the weight of the human specimen. Soak in weak saline for an hour or two an d transport to the cl ass in a pie-dish or other container of supporting shape. Also a
PICT-YRE SHOWS: Corps Supt. H. Ratcltffe; No.4 Area Commissioner Colonel G. A. Steele; D/S G. Lightfoot; Area Supt. D. Macdonald; A/S/O T. Vale and A/S/O (C) Mrs. A. Williamson. The celebrations included a Loyal Toast to Her Majesty The Queen; a report of the history of the compiled by A / S / 0 Vale; presentatzon of awards by Colonel Steele and displays by Amb ulance and Nursing members.
WORCS.
Dudley Ambulance Division's 75th Anniversary
THE DEPUTY MAYOR of Dudle y Alderman T. Wells, hands D IS. w. P. Mclntosh an illuminated address recording the work of the Division.
Divisional Presid ent Mr. S. J V. Freeman looks on.
Dudley
MORE FEATHERS in their cap.
Th.ey won an open competition for the Wmston Henn Trophy (against six other teams), which took place at the Brierley Hill Fire Station Victims were provided by the Dudley Fire and Amb1!'lance Staff British Oxygen Co. Quast Arc Works "B" team were second. The trophy was presented by the Mayor of Dudley, Councillor Cales Homer.
Dudley Hera ld
Huntingdon and Peterborough C.D. Corps
IN FE BRUARY this year, 18 members of the Huntingdon and P eterborough Division of the Civil Defence Corps received awards. The presentations were made at the Huntingdon H.Q. in Ermine Street and more than 100 members attended the event. Pi cture shows some of those who received either C.D. Long Service Medals or St. John Medallions. The presentations were made by Brigadier J. H. W. G. Richards, former County C.D. Officer, who paid tribute to the efforts of the vo lunt eers for their unstinting and invaluable help to the community in any emergency. The strong spirit of comradeship which exists throughout the country between the various organisations, voluntary and paid, has contributed , undoubtedly, to our ability to face , to cope with and recover from any disaster-in peace and war. Long may this spirit li v e. Hunts. Post
DIVISIONAL SUPERINTENDENT W. J. RICHARDS, Amesbury Ambulance Cadet Division, Wiltshire, was awarded the Wingate Bowl for saving the life of a 17-year-old youth suffering from electric shock, who, without Mr. Richards' prompt and effective action, would have died. Mr. Richards was himself on crutches and in plaster, but in spite of this and two falls on the way, was able to save a life. (The whole story appeared on page 29 of the January issue).
WALES
N.H.S.R. Team brings honour to Wales
THE LLANIDLOES team had a clear win of 88 marks over their nearest rivals in the N.H.S.R. Inter-Hospital Board Final Competitions held in Bristol. Four members of the team represented the Welsh Hospital Board and are S.J.A.B. Members from Montgomeryshire. The team was Mrs. M. Jones (Leader), Mrs. G. Jones, Mrs. D. Hughes, Mrs. A. Stephens, Miss D. George, Mrs. G. Rowlands, Mrs. E. Jones and Mrs. S. Lewis.
Grants Studios
Dudley Ambulance Division-
Look and Listen and Learn ....... cont. from p. 19 either. Symbols always help. Words like "percentage" should never be used-four out of five (not 80 per cent) of the British public leaves school at the age of 15. If they ever know what a percentage is, most of them soon forget it. Few people are fully literate. Fewer still are numerate. Convert those figures into pictures.
This clearly implies a non-intellectual audience. And so it is. For such an audience a purely intellectual approach is a waste of time. It is no coincidence that the circulation of the "Daily Mirror" is over 5 million a day. Nor that "The Times" sells only about 350,000. But both papers have a lesson to teach. The result of learning that lesson can be a programme with the accuracy of "The Times" and the impact of the "Daily Mirror."
Incidentally, "The Times" itself seems recently to have learnt that lesson. Since its face lift a year or so ago its circulation has gone up by nearly one-third. Its accuracy remains unchallenged, but its impact is far greater because its presentation has been so simplified.
The third desirable attribute of a programme aimed at making people aware of a problem and wanting to do something about it is personalisation. The power of abstraction may be the sign of a mighty intellect. But few of us have one of
those. We prefer the concrete. There is more joy on earth over the one sinner we hear about than there is over a thousand generalisatioDs about the wickedness of the world. Let us have about us, not Men, but a man, one particular person, with whom we can identify.
You doubt me? Ask any local government officer about the furore "Cathy Come Home" caused. And yet, let me remind you, that epic was billed, quite clearly and distinctly as "The Wednesday Play" for that particular weekl For years research workers had been hard at the problems of poverty and housing. For years they had barely succeeded in making the sleeping public even turn over. But one play, about one family, suddenly made that same public sit bolt upright in bed, shouting "Shame" at the top of its voice.
Or in a less melodramatic, probably even more moving vein, who, having seen Granada's World in Action programme, "A Girl Called Sharon," didn't feel desperately that something must be done? This was about leukemia. Leukemia has existed for years. So have campaigns to make the public aware of it. But one programme, about one little girl dying of the disease, made a louder and perhaps more effective cry than any generalised shout.
So let us have people. Let us be simple. Let us aim for impact. And let us be single -m inded. I
(Continued on facing page)
WORes.
1,400 MILE
CfJf{fJf(CESrtl/ £rJaqn fJrignoc
Redruth Nursing Division, Cornwall
D /S MRS. MACKENNEY demonstrating treatment for a suspecte d fracture of th e jaw. The Redruth Ambulance Hflll is wsed for practice forr (fQ/l four Divisions. Through th e e fforts of the NurSing, Diy,'ision am €lnne:xe for speciei 1raining purposes was built tm.el equipp e d. The County Slflperinte ndent. (N) slates: " The l!?.edruth Nursing and NurSing Cffla e t Divisions hav e a strong competition tradition af1ld this special annexe has contributed enormousl y to th e ir e ffici e ncy. The Divisio.n is vellY jortunfflte in hav ing Dr. Lawrer1J€: e (second left) as th e ir DiviSional Sbtrg e on."
St John has come a lo.ng W€ty, in most places from "one triangular bandage and a lot of enthusiasm," dur-i ng the last 80 years.
Look and Listen and Learn-cont.
mean that two ways. Single-minded as to subject. Diffusion destroys effect. One thing at a time please. Too many points spoil the programme. And let us also be single-minded as to authorship. Few committees are good at creation. The King James Bible is possibly the only great work to be produced by a panel. The best work, whether it is a Mozart concerto or a safety slogan, is the product of one man or woman. "Go to work on an " Drinka milka day"; "Beer is best"; these were all one-man efforts. If too many points spoil a programme, so do too many points of view. There must always be one man and one man only r esponsible His voice, with its message, will come across more clearly than the muffled shouts of a chorus.
So now to see whether I have taken my own advice. First , as to voice. Yes indeed. What I have said may be a poor thing, but it is definitely my Own. Nobody else is to be blamed.
Second, as to simplicity. You will have to search hard to find any deep thought in what I have said.
Third, single-mindedness. So limited is my subject matter, I think it likely you might accuse 25
me not just of single -mindedness, but of feeblemindedness too. I have no defence.
Four, personalisation. I have given up trying to count the number of times the personal pronoun "I" occurs in this script. If that isn't personalisation , I don't know what is.
Five, impact. Of this I have no idea. You are the target. I merely aimed at you. If there was any impact, you're the ones to know , not me.
On that analysis, therefore, I claim to have passed my own test. I hope so. I have no expert knowledge in your special field of home safety. In fact I have no knowledge in that field at all. But I do have some professional knowledge in the field of making people look and listen and learn. So have many of my colleagues Sometimes our knowledge is put to relatively trivial ends. It is nice to know that on occasions , such as today perhaps, it can also be used in something as splendid as the savina of human life and the reduction of human subffering. There are many satisfactions in bein a able to make people look and listen and Few can be more worthwhile than the satisfaction which comes from helping to further the aims of a humane Society such as yours. If this talk and the films that follow assist the work in any way , I shall be delighted.
POLICE REVIEW CHALLENGE CUP (Runners-up) DORSET &, BOURNEMOUTH CONSTABULARY
WHYTE CHALLENGE CUP (Third Place) SHEFFIELD & ROTHERHAM CONSTABULARY
WOMEN
CITY OF LONDON ROSE BOWL (Championship) CHESHIRE CONSTABULARY
Vice-Admiral Sir Peveril William-Powlett (County Director, Greater London) presided at the distribution ceremony; the Challenge Trophies an d individual plaques were presented by Mr. D. Taverne , Q.C , M.P. (Joint Parliamentary Under Secretary of State, Home Office).
MEN'S RESULT
A. Lancashire Constabulary
B. Dorset and Bournemouth Constabulary
C. Sheffield and Rotherham Constabulary
D. Midlands Constabulary "A"
E. Edinburgh City NQ. 1
F. and LutoN Constabulary "A"
G. Police (Z Division)
H. Sussex Constabulary "B"
1. East Riding Constabulary
J. G lamorganshil'e C (\)llstabulary
A Cheshire Omstabuiary
B. Sussex Constabulary ":2" (West)
WINNERS
Ladies (Merseyside and North Wales, Chester).
Captain: Mrs. Sybil Cooper; NO.2: Miss E. Jack son ; No.3: Miss W. Arrowsmith; No.4: Miss J Hatfield; Reserve : Miss M. C. Hughes.
Men (London, Battersea).
Frederick Hunter;
MEN'S RESULT
A. Yorkshire (Skelton Grange)
B. Eastern (West Thurrock)
C. Southern (Marchwood)
D. Merseyside and North Wales
E. North Western (West Lanes.)
F. MidJands (Gloucester)
G. London (Battersea) ..
H. South Wales (Tir John)
I. South Eastern (Brighton)
J. East Midlands (Kettering)
K. South Western (poole, West Cornwall)
L. North Eastern (Stella South)
A. South Wales (Newport)
B. North Eastern (Newcastle)
Midlands (North Staffs.)
E. South Western (Bristol)
Yorkshire (Sheffield)
G. Merseyside and North Wales (Chester)
H. Southern (Marchwood)
1. Eastern (South Denes)
J. London (S@uth East London)
K. North Western (South Lanes .)
Captain:
No.2: G. F. Robins ; No.3: N. R Pearson ; No.4: G. Stevens; Reserve: A. J. Dopson.
LETTERS
Dear Madam,
We all greatly admired the new style uniform and model in February's " Review," and would like to possess such a dress, but where, oh where did the model hide her Personal First Aid Pack !
When we carry ours in our pocket I wouldn't like to say what we look like, except to say that we suffer from an ungainly hard swelling, in a place where there shouldn't be one.
Yours faithfully, (Mrs.) B. M. Hedges, Div. Secretary, Dorchester.
(Note.-The letter contained a most alarming drawing illustrating her point! -Ed ).
Dear Editor,
The last 'Copy of the "Review" I managed to get hold of was last November's and I saw in it details of your hope that the magazine would not be in jeopardy in the futrure.
I hope my writing three months from that date of the notice will be construed as some encouragement that someone who is not, strictly speaking, a member of the Association has some faith in your ability to carryon despite difficulties.
Perhaps it is a little late to comment, but if I may, I would like to congratulate you and your staff on the prodUl;tion of such an interesting and informative journal. Do, please, keep it up. It has such a friendly and informal approaGh-11l 0t afraid to feature individuals (of whom the Ass(')eiation can be so proud), alongside the technical artiGles.
I am not, as I say, strictly speaking, a member of the Asso ciation, but as a qualified Instructor and Police Sergeant, I do my best to lecture Police Officers for their re-examination certificates Some of them are cOmiFlg up for the second time so I need more grist for the traditional mill, that is why I need tbe assistance and fillip your magazine gives. I've exhausted the November issue, so please don't delay in forwarding more of your tonic.
Yours sincerely, (Signed) Robin Morgan. Trenchard House , Bro adwick Street, London, W.l.
BOOKSHELF
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND HYGIENE
by EVELYN PEARCE
Faber & Faber, price 25s
This is a most interesting book. It should be of value to all members of the Brigade. It is easy to read, the text is clear and it is well illustrated . A most useful book to have in every home.
Dame Barbara Cozens, D.B .E., R.R.C. Chief Nursing Officer, St. John Ambulance.
APOLOGY TO BIRMINGHAM
With reference to the apology on page 22, April issue. The picture in March, to which it refers, is reproduced here, with sincere apologies and hoping that it is now correct.
Birmingham-Presenta tion of Grand Prior Awards to three members by the Commissioner, Lt.-Col. G. D. Davis N /M. Patricia Walton and A/Ms. Trevor Griffin and Graham Green, watched by C / S / (,)S (A & N) Cadets Miss F 1. Batt and Mr J. Ecdest@n. 28
Can these DrY.Bones Live?-cont. from page 21 pork chop or the bone (i.e. t spine) removed from a loin of lamb.
Begin with a popular account of the brain and nervous systems; on the specimens point out the pia and arachnoid membranes, plentiful supply. Emphasise the great fraglhty of the bram once it has been deprived of its bony box , the supporting membranes torn , and the water-bath drained away. Details of brain structure are a waste of time, but the simple demonstration has great impact
The chop , or loin bone , Will show the spmal cord and with luck one or two nerve trunks eme;ging. I have no special comments to make on the content of this lecture , except that the lecturer will of course, be selective. it to life where possible. A good actor will simulate epilepsy, and a heart attack with a little coaching.
A diabetic card passed round the class will help .
A full demonstration of the examination of the unconscious patient (see p age 155) makes a good close to this class , as it brings the whole subject into focus. I have even on occasion acted as patient myself and insisted on a student actually removing my false teeth.
This chapter has been greatly simplified in our latest manual, to the great benefit of us all, but a little amplification from the lecturer will help. Before leaving home, I go round the house and the wood-shed, and collect the following: paraffin, turpentine, weed-killer , petrol , bleach , methylated spirits, children's aspirin, highly coloured quilli se rs and hypnotic pills, a drum of sodmm
bicarbonate, a packet of salt, a tablespoon and anything else that oocurs to me. I range these on the table before me. The distinction between irritants and narcotics can then be drawn visually.
Children often help themselves to aspirin.
A three-year-old grandchild of mine removed the cap of a bottle with her teeth, and swallowed 28 tablets-she recovered! So high is aspirin on the list of casualties referred to the poison bureaux that a special word is surely justified.
The modern treatment if the child is conscious is: Induce vomiting.
Give solution of bicarbonate of soda, two level teaspoonsful in one teacup of water (tepid). Repeat four-hourly until help is obtained.
Lecture 8.
MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONSTAKE ST. JOHN HAVERSACK
These call for no special material only for selectivity on the part of the lecturer.
Transport is basically demonstrated by a trained instructor but the lecturer should give the introduction and stand by with the whys and wherefores.
A demonstration of the contents of a St. John haversack, and if possible, an inspection of an ambulance will close the course with added realism, and may help to bring in recruits for the Brigade.
Does all this seem rather childish-are we not all glad of simplicity when tackling a new subject?
Believe me, the butcher's shop approach is not a waste of time. It rather saves much wordy description. Above all, it is remembered.
ODD MAN OUT •.•
REVIEW CROSSWORD No. S
Compiled
by
W. A. Potter
ACROSS
1. Remove all the internal organs.
6. Where last great influenza epidemic originated.
10. Apipose tissue.
11. A third auditory receptor?
12. Before opening parachute.
13. Synovial sac.
15. Instrument used to determine fields of vision
17. Jumps in disturbed sleep.
19 New route towards 15 across.
20. Grand meal arranged for two limbs
22. Does nothing useful.
24. Young tup
26. Power beginning in short respiratory infection
27. Buds of tongue in confused state.
29 Running sign of coryza and measles.
30 Equipment for oesophageal feeding. DOWN
1. Twelfth cache for fairy.
2. Change to another tongue.
3. Absorbed by lacteals of intestinal villi.
4. Broken arm not the whole fortification
5. Odd part @f young child.
7. Unpleasant insinuation examined by hae;natologist
8. Nostril, larynx, trachea or bronchus, for example.
9. Rlood protein containing antibodies. .
14. Correct alignment of fragments of broken bone.
16. Mother, artist, sergeant -m ajor and ourselves wasting away.
18. Apes c1.aim to produce convulsive complication of toxaemIa of pregnancy.
2@ ]'1011owing mOIning place doc t or back in a corroslve
2t. Sign of b leeding from stomach or duodenum. ,
23. Alternative to stairs.
25. Having supple, active body
28. Large deer in steel kennel.
Get the "REVI EW" Habit! ·
To find out
WHAT GOE.S ON IN ST. JOHN take the HReview" regularly
COMPLETE THE ORDER FORM ON INSIDE BACK COVER (MAKES A GOOD PRESENT)
NOW
"A JOURNEY TO JERUSALEM"
A limited number of copie of the film "A Journey to Jerusalem," about the St. John Ophthalmic Hospital , are available from Headquarters. (Col?ur, running time 12 minutes, commentary by Patnck Allen.) The treatment shows the link with the Hospital and the work of the other Foundations of the Order.
There is no direct appeal for funds but if it is u.sed for this purpose this should be made eIther before the showing, or afterwards by a talk ,. preferably by a member of the Order.
AU films are booked up months in advance so please give as much notice as possible. PLEASE ENSURE THAT A QUALIFIED OPERATOR IS IN CHARGE OF THE PROJECTOR PLEASE STATE THE DATES ON WHICH IT IS NEEDED AND RETURN IT IMMEDIATELY. PLEASE SEE THAT THE FILM HAS BEEN CORRECTLY RE-WOUND AND IF DAMAGED ' PLEASE GIVE DETAILS IN COVERING LETTER.
All enquiries to:
The Secretary, Visual Aids Department. 1, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1. Tel.: 01-235 5231
SOLUTIONS TO THE APRIL COMPETITION CROSSWORDS WILL BE PUBLISHED IN JULY.
SOLtJTIONS TO THE JANUARY COMPETITIONS WILL BE PUBLISHED IN JUNE.
HOW TO GET TO THE GATE
FOR
SERVICE
you can best put the principles and practice of the knowledge gained on the First Aid Course into active use by joining the ST. JOHN AMBULANCE
Ask at the nearest unit of the ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE
or write to The Chief Staff Officer ST. JOHN AMBULANCE
I Grosvenor Crescent, London S.W.I
Tel: 01-235 5231
FOR INFORMATION
concerning courses in First Aid, Patient care in the home, Clean Food Handling, Hygiene and Public Health and Child Care
Ask the nearest ST. JOHN AMBULANCE CENTRE
or write to The Secretary ST. JOHN AMBULANCE
I Grosvenor Crescent, London S.W.I
Tel: 01-235 5231
FOR SUPPLIES
of First Aid Manuals, or any teaching book relating to courses organised by the St. John Ambulance. Teaching aids generally include First Aid Film Loops. Uniforms for the St. John Ambulance Brigade, including Badges and Insignia. All First Aid Materials-stretchers, kits, etc.
Write to General Manager ORDER OF ST. JOHN
St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, London E.C.I
Tel: CLErkenwell 6644
31
30
OLD EYES FOR NEW
You and thousands more of us - ordinary men and womenmay now give sight to someone who is, at this moment, blind.
Because this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back their vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
Eyes of all colours are equally valuable, and it does not matter if you have worn $pectacles for years.
If you are not as young as you were, do not feel that your offer will be less valuable. Strangely enough, it will be more so: the eyes of older people are even better for this purpose.
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shall benefit, it is essential that there should be many more willing donors than will ever be called upon.
your fund
raISing on target
your fund raISing on target
DATES FOR YOU R DIARY
British
London Transport (Railways) & Briti sh Transport
Docks & Br itish Transport Police
CADET RALLY
H.R.H The Princess Margaret will " review the troops"
INTERNATIONAL JUBILEE CAMP
H.R.H. The Princess Margaret will visit the International Camp in Swansea which marks the 50th Anniversary of the formation of the Brigade in the Priory for Wales
Gas Industry
Fire Brigades
National Road Passenger Transport
Ambulance Association
Order of St. John Investiture
General Post Office Ambulance Centre
Order of St. John Investiture
GRAND PRIOR'S TROPHY COMPETITIONS
VENUE
LONDON
Communion, Grand Priory Church
General Assembly, Mansion House
St. Paul's Cathedral
Debden, Essex
Royal Show, Kenilworth
Fairfield Hall, Croydon
ROYAL ALBERT HALL
Queen Mary College, E.1
MALVERN, WORCS
SWANSEA
Friends House, Euston Rd., N.W.1
Fire Brigade H.Q., Corporation St., Birmingham, 4
Aberdeen
Grand Priory Church
Seymour Hall , W.1
Grand Priory Church
SEYMOUR HALL, W.1
ADVERTISEMENTS-CLASS IFJED
Advertisements with remittance should be sent to The Adveliisement Dept., The St. Jobn " Review," 23 Pembroke Gardens, London, W.8 (to which address replies to Box Numbers should be forwarded). Rate 9d. per word, minimum lOs. Box numbers 2s. 6d. extra. Trade advertisements Is. per word, minimum ISs.
Semi-display advertisements in classified section charged at one-sixteenth page rate. (please note copy cannot be accepted after the 17th of the month preceding publication date.)
Cased Crested Cuff Links, 57s. 6d. Medal ribbons Is. 6d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform, 2s. each ribbon mounted on pin brooch; Regulation medals mounted 3s. 6d. per medal on brooch Miniatures quoted for.-MONTAGUE JEFFERY , Outfitter, St. Giles Street. Northampton.
S.J.A.B. SURGEON' S UNIFORM. Tailor made , excellent cloth, good condition. Chest 39, waist 36; inside leg 29. Accept highest offer. Write (Ex-Area Surgeon) J E. King, 4 Yates Street, Blackpool.
SPORTS EVENTS, BAZAARS GARDEN FETES. Send for Catalogue. TROPHY CUPS, FUND RAISERS, BALLOON RACES, PERFUME CARDS, FANCY GOODS, TOYS, NOVELTIES, CARNIVAL HATS, ETC. ALL AT WHOLESALE TRADE PRI CES. Save £££s from the largest suppliers to R.O.S .T. in the country. Let us quote for your WEEKLY TOTE AND DRAW TICKETS, ETC. WE ARE THE CHEAPEST IN THE TRADE.-SWINNERTONS LTD., Dept. R.O ., Union Street, Walsall.
WIrn OUR HELP yemr bazaar will be a greater success than ever! Come and see our exteI'lsive range of toys, stationery. ALSO pre-selected parcels: 144 6d. toys OR 72 Is. toys OR 42 Is lld. toys OR Selection toys Is. to 5s. lId OR Selection assorted stationery. Each parcel 54s., plus 4s. 6d. postage. Two or more parcels 6s. postage. Price lists-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2a, Handsworth Road, London, N.17.
LESS THAN 3d. EACH: 144 Full-length Conway Stewart :Ban Point Pens die-stamped in gold with your Brigade or Charity for only 35s. Pencils printed for the same price. Pl ease print your slogan (maximum 36 letters) and add 4s. 6d. stan dard carriage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2a Handsworth Road , London, N.17.
RAISE
£££'S FOR YOUR GROUP
HIGH PROFITS MADE BY OUR -FAST SELLING L1NESCHRISTMAS AND BIRTHDAY CARD PAC KS. DECORATIONS, WRAPPINGS, FANCY GIFTS, STATIONERY, TABLEWARE SEND FOR OUR FREE CATALOGUE
ELISHAN PRINTING & PUBLISHING LTD. Is your Branch experiencing Printing and Publishing difficulties a t the present time in respect of your Year Book and Directory publication? If so, we can offer our services in respect of f uture publications. Kindly contact Mr. H. Shannon of Elishan Printing & Publishing Ltd., 58 Edgware Way, Edgware, Middlesex. Tel.: 01-958 6655/6/7.
BALL-PENS, Di aries, Note Pads, Keys, Fobs, Pencils, etc., Gold-stamped Brigade name or Person al names raise funds quickly-easily. Details-Northern Novelties, Bradford , 2.
EXCELLENT " FUND RAISERS - Your Group name , etc. , die-stamped on qual it y ba ll pens (S. J .A.B. colour ), competitive rates. Det a il s an d samples: THOMPSO & CREIGHTON, " Ball Pen Suppliers ," 202, Heaton Ro ad, Newcastle , NE6 5JJ.
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD , LONDON, E.C.l
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates accepted at the age of 16 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students, Moor· fields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candi· dates. Well equipped School of Nursing. Successful candidates, on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses' Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert Hall, Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tennis Court Active Social Club.
Applications in writing to the Matron.
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON E.C.I
Vacancies exist for STATE ENROLLED NURSES to enter for the Post-Enrolled training In Ophthalmic NUl sing. Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent In the School of Nursing.
Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board
Opportl!llilities fior promotion and pra ctical responsibility in the specialist field of nursing.
Apply to Miss M. B. MacKellar. Matron Moorfields Eye Hospital.
The Order of St. John" Cuff Links 22/6
Direct from "Stores Dept ." , St. John's Gate, London, E.e.1
"""indsor" Crests M.P.
Finest Quality vitreous Enamel
MADE IN ENGLAND
BADGES
• Badges to any shape or design
• Minimum quantity for new die on request
• Designs produced to custome r's sketch.
Manhattan Products
(BIRMINGHAM) LIMITED Steward Street Birmingham 18 Telephone: Edgbaston 6404
Badge Makers to the Ord e r of St. John
All enquiries for bad ges of The Ord er of St. John should be directed to their S o r es Dept., St. John's Gate, Lond o n, E.C.I.
The Edwi na Mount batten Trust is the memorial to a great woman. The proceeds of the sale of this book goes to a fund which supports St. John, the nursing profession and children all over the world.
In Febr uar y 1960 we were stunned by the news of her death . In 1968 we can remember her by contributing to the interests for which she gave her life.
EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN
HER LIFE IN PICTURES
Compiled and Edited b y Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock
Superintendent-in-Chief, st. John Ambulance Brigade
7s. 6d. each
7s. each orders for ten or over
(postage extra in each case)
Published b y Macdonald
Orders to:
Edwina Mountbatten Book , 1 Grosvenor Crescent. London, S. W.1
Telephone: 01-235 5231
3
PRIORY FOR WALES, BRIGADE GOLDEN JUBILEE
LORD ABERDARE, Prior for W al es, pr esented a c hina statuette of th e Grand Prior Sir T h omas Docwra (1501-1527), to the Lord Prior of the Ord er, The Lord Wak e hurst, when a pCtrty of fifty senior members of the Brig ade , from all ove r Wales, visited the Gat e as part of the J ubilee
C elebrations Lord Aberdare entertained t h e party to lunch at the Hous e of Lo rds; th ey had tea with the Lord Prior at the Gate an d then attended a Cocktail Party at Kensington Palace as g u ests of H.R.H. Princ ess Marina, Du chess of Kent, Commandant-in-Chi ef for Wal es. R ep ort and more pictures in the Jul y issue.
CONTENTS
D ates for your Diary
C la ined Adverti eme nt
Pr iory for Wales Golden Jubilee
The R o bert Jone and Agnes Huot Orthopaedic Hospital, 0 westry, by Mrs. Alice Cramp ton Pym, M.B.E., CIS l O, Shrop hi re
The Battl e of Gro venor Square
Over eas Per onalities
Aids
Letters
Lieut.-Colonel Sir Thoma Cook, Retiring
N. D .L. B. First Aid National Finals
Di sa bled Living Activities Group Booklet on Clothing
PeopJe in the New s
A Wonderful Opportunity for Over seas Service
Appeals Corner
Crosswor d- Winner s of Competition and Solutions
The Corps Examination by D I S S. Worroll
Essex Gardens Open in Aid of St. John Roy al Opening of Syon House Gardeni n g Centre
H.R.H. PRINCESS MARINA, DUCHESS OF KENT, during h er vis it to the Hospital.
THE ROBERT JONES & AGNES HUNT ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL OSWESTRY, SHROPSHIRE
By Mrs. Alice Crampton Pym, M.B.E., County Staff Officer, Shropshire
Photographs by courtesy of ORTHOPAEDIC
I first had the privilege of working for this worldfamous Hospital from 1931 onwards as a voluntary helper in the Wellington After Care Clinic-one of the many Clinics which the Hospital runs in the 10 counties that it serves.
In 1946, I moved to Oswestry and I was appointed to the Board of Management. When the National Health Service came into being in 1948, I was elected on to the Hospital Management Committee, which is under the Birmingham Regional Board.
This Hospital, which started as a Home for Cripples in Baschurch in 1900, by Dame Agnes Hunt, herself disabled, was the forerunner of the national change in the attitude to disabled people. The attitude which does not put cripples aside, but gives encouragement and help, and suitable train-
ILLUSTRATED
ing to enable them to take their place in society.
The wonderful work that Dame Agnes was doing- particularly with children-attracted the attention of a famous Liverpool Orthopaedic Consultant, Sir Robert Jones, who eventually joined Dame Agnes. Thus started a partnership (which continued until the death of Sir Robert in 1933) , and which laid the foundations of this now famous Orthopaedic Hospital. There are 518 beds, a training school for orthopaedic physiotherapists, student nurses and S.E.N., and post-graduate courses for staff nurses, as well as a meeting place annually for orthopaedic su r geons.
A lew years ago the Charles Salt Research Centre was built in the grounds and now has a brilliant team 01 doctors and scientists looking into
(Continued on page 22)
THE "BATTLE OF GROSVENOR SQUARE"
Although there are political meetings in Central London nearly every Sunday during the year, the majority seldom make the headlines.
Not 0, March 17, 1968. By the evening of that day the political events in Square the main story, not only m thIS country but m many countries throughout the world.
Careful planning by London (Prince of District ensured that whatever the outcome of thIS particular political meeting t?ey would be fully equipped to meet any eventualIty.
Strategic reserves were in position at Brigade Headquarters in Grosvenor Crescent and Park Lane and the whole 10rce 01 personnel and vehicles was efficiently and effectively controlled by radio.
Before the duty commenced every Officer and Member was fully briefed by the Officer-inCommand, Deputy Commissioner Derek R. Fenton.
Sector Commanders were D jS jO E. B. Hamley (Public Duty Officer) and D jS jO A. Bone (Training Officer) .
Di cipline was the keynote of the whole operation and the en uin g events proved beyond doubt that St. John , although a voluntary body, can maintain a high standard, even in the most difficult ituation s.
Critici m i often made in the Press of the youth of today, but all present were proud of the responsibility and devotion to duty shown by the lar ge number of young members of the Brigade on duty- the majority of whom were in the 18-25 year age group. Orders given to them were answered promptly and without hesitation.
Except for certain precautionary movements , little happened until around 5.15 p.m.
Soon after the arrival of the procession into Grosvenor Square, however , the first casualties occurred, and the reserve at Park Lane was called in. This consisted of five Ambulances, one Mobile Unit, one Doctor, one Nursing Officer, 26 Officers and Members.
Within a short time it was necessary to reinlorce with the Grosvenor Crescent reserves which had already moved up into Park Lane. This meant an addition of four Ambulances , one Mobile Unit, one Doctor, two Nursing Officers , 38 Officers and Members. Not only were the foot personnel contlfOlled by radio, but so also were the ambulances. Throughout the whole time a radio car of the London Ambulance Service was attached to us , and for a short period three of their vehicles were used.
The Base Radio Control was at Brigade Headquarters and was under the control of D jS jO Miss M. D. Groom and D /S jO A. F. J?areham (Communications Officer).
The Chief Staff Officer to the Commissioner -inChief, Wing-Commander T. Fazan, was present and gave effective practical support.
The Commissioner-in-Chief received the following letter from the U.S. Ambassador:
"Will you be kind enough to extend to the members 01 your honorable corps the great appreciation 01 the United States Government lor the splendid work they did on Sunday.
"Men and women performed their duties, at personal risk, in the best tradition of your organisation, which has served Great Britain and the world so well in war and peace."
Deputy Commissioner Derek R. Fenton received the following letter from Chief Superintendent J. Gerrard , "C" Divi sion , Metropolitan Police:
"On behalf of all police officers who were engaged in the operations at Grosvenor Square last Sunday I would like to express our appreciation for the support and assistance we received from members of yo ur Brigade.
"Although the number of casualties was unfortunately quite high, they were treated promptly and evacuated with the minimum of delay.
"This is a tribute to the standard of your efficiency and we are gra teful for it."
7 Within an hour 50 cases were removed by ambulance to many 01 the hospitals in the neighbourhood, and in all over 110 were treated.
HEADQUARTERS' t
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
[Port of Spain
ON JANUARY 12th, 1968, Their Excellencies the Governor-G ene ral Sir Solomon Ho c h oy and Lady Nochoy visited St. John Headquart ers Among the othe r distin g uish e d gues ts and officials were the Archbishop-Elect, Monsi g nor Anthony Pan tin,' Dr. Wyke (P resi d ent); Mr. Basil J ackson, (Chairman St. John Council) ' Mr. R. C. Rooks,' Dr Selwyn L ee Young; Capt. S yd n ey L ee Lum ; Mr. B. I. Lalsingh (Hon. Tr easure r) , Mr. G. Arnold, Mr. A. H. Matth e ws; Mr J ose ph D'Arcy (Ag. Commissioner) ; Mr. P. J. Stone (Secretary) ,' Mr. G. Oli ve r (Assoc iati o n Secr e tary) ; Mr. K. Fletcher (Association Dir ecto r) ,' Dr. V. Massiah (District Su rgeo n) ; Mr. F. T. WilliamsSmith; Dr. H. McShine, C.M.G.,· and Mr. Arthur B ent ley.
AROUND THE WORLD
HIS EXCELLENCY, who is Pa t ron of the St. John Council, toured the Headquarters with Lady Hocho y.
NORTHANTS
Half-a-century in the Brigade Divisional Supt. W. J. L. GOTCH Of Wellingborough H.Q. Ambulance Divi sion, re ceived re cognition from hi colleagues. Lt. -C.ol. D. M. D orr, Divi ional President, presented him with a St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade heraldic shield from the members of the Divis ion and paid tribute to his wonderful record. He re ceived from Div. Supt. Mrs. M. 1. Howford the book "A Good Uniform," by Joan Clifford, from the officers and members of H.Q. N ur ing D ivision and Div. Supt. Mis s S. Th omp on presented him with a Parker b a ll pen and p encil set from the officers and memb ers of Victoria Nursing Di vision. Mrs. Gotch, who has been a member of the Victoria Nursing Division for the past thirty years, was given a fern leaf costume brooch by her Division in reco gnition of her support and help to her husband in his work. (Continued on page 24)
FATHER AN D SON, Mr. J ack and Mr. Paul Burton, of the Cheshire Constabulary, a re believed to be the on l y father and son to qualify as Lay I nstructors. Last year P au l was awarded the Royal Humane Society's Resuscitation Certificate fo r successfully applying mouth - tomouth ar tificial respiration.
THE SECRETARY-GENERAL,
MR. C. T . EVANS, C.M.G.,
PRESENTED MISS GLADYS M. SWANSBO R OUGH with parting gifts when she re t ired after 29 years with th e O rder. She b ec am e H e ad of Stores Accounts D e partm e nt and he r se r vices were rec ognised by th e Order of which she is an Office r Sister. W e are glad to say t hat Miss Swansborough is th oroughly enjoying h e r freedom an.d no will be look ing forward to the C r ick et season as she is an e nthusiastic supporter of the game. (See also pa ge 28).
M R LEWIS W. W OO D reti r e d on May 21, 1968, after 43 y ea rs service in St. John. He worked in many departments and finally became head of the Reports Section The re must be thousands of people all ove r th e wo rld who know of him and who would l ike to join us in wish ing him heal th and happiness in the future
TRAINING AND V I S
IN RECENT YEARS the intr oduction of audio , visua l and casu.a lty s imulati on as aid to training has undoubtedly raised the standard of First Aid and w·sing. It is an awesome th ought that a li fe m ay depend on the way w e apply ou r training and through th e new techniques and m ed ia the vo luntar y organisations are ensu rin g that those who ma y hold a life in their hands recei1 e th e best and m ost up-to-date training. It is, of cou rs e, up to the individuals to mak e the fullest p oss ibl e use of these aids.
THESE PHOTOGRAPHS vividly illustrat e the high standard of casualty simulation and we re taken durin g a First Aid course run by th e Bl e tchley Ambulance Di viion. Picture shows (left): Cpl. G. Grac e being treated for lim e in his eye. (Above): Cpl. R. B ettam fell off a ladder and had part of a broken drill e mb edded in his arm. (See also pages 17 and 18).
VISUAL AIDS
Cave Dweller to Spaceman
The basic concept of visual aids is not new. Drawings of prehistoric mammals in which the heart is located (presumably as instruction to hunters), have been found in caves at Dordogne in France.
Diagrams of construction details of the Great Wall of China and of the Pyramids in Egypt have been cited as early examples of visual aids. The stained glass windows of our medieval cathedrals through which light, varying in intensity from moment to moment with the interplay of sun and shadow, creates subtle appearances of movement, are particularly beautiful visual aids of the spoken text or lessons.
There is, therefore, no mystery about visual aids. They consist usually of diagrams, models, photographic or pictorial supplements to teaching. A simple example is illustrations in a textbook. They are not inserted by accident, caprice, or to break up the text, but are used to convey a concept or explain a procedure or demonstrate a technique in a more easily assimilable form than the many words of description which would otherwise be required.
It is possible to teach the theoretical side of first aid by word of mouth alone, with an instructor trying to convey the requisite body of information from his own textbook to the student via the ears. But it has been established that the amount of instruction retained by the student through one sense (hearing) is significantly less than if two senses (hearing and sight) are involved 12
and that the effectiveness increases with every further sense employed.
Rather than describing an object, it is better to show it, and even better if it can be handled.
Convey a Concept
Fig. 2
Excessive Realism!
Medical students practise the recognition of bones after hearing them described and seeing them by feeling the shape of the bone held behind the back.
The total volume of blood in the average adult body is often taught by such phrases as "between 7 and 10 litres" and "one pint of blood to one stone of body weight" but anyone who has seen 10 milk bottles of artificial blood on the table before them will be unlikely to forget; and to see the effect when one is emptied on the floor will give a more realistic view of blood loss than is conveyed by word of mouth alone.
Every first aid class has certain visual aids at its disposal, therefore, comprising the illustrations in each member's book, the charts used by the instructor and the actual bandages, splints and equipment used in the practical sessions.
For us, then, the words visual aids convey assistance to the teacher; assistance in the fundamental task of imparting a given quantity of information (instruction) from a given textbook to the student through the medium of the teacher. THEY DO NOT SEEK TO SUPPLANT THE TEACHER. They dO' not even set out to reduce his workload since he must himself learn their use
(and limitations) and how to deploy them to the best effect. They make even more necessary the need for careful preparation of his lesson.
Properly used: THEY IMP R 0 V E THE QUALITY OF THE INSTRUCTION. They engage the attention of the student and make the learning process more meaningful and acceptable. They assist in fixing the subject matter more firmly in the memory of the student.
Since many of these aids impinge on the consciousness of the student through the eye or visual sense it has become customary to call them 13
Most lecturers use differences of inflection, intonation and pitch in their own voices, and others, reproduced electro-mechanically, to bring alive the cold print of the text. One such lecturer calls it "transforming the monochrome of the book into glorious technicolour" and the an.d more practised the lecturer the more Justified IS this claim. Listening to sound involves the aural sense and combinations of such aids with vision are thus increasingly described as Audio-Visual Aids.
One of the major problems facing the first aid instructor, however, is the increasing sophistication of his audience. Working on the premise that even material of very great interest can only compete effectively for attention after long and painstaking preparation, the advanced and expensive techniques employed by television have created completely new standards of communication. Furthermore, our younger members expect these adjuncts in any learning situation to which they expose themselves, having been accustomed to such equipment which is freely available in today's schools.
While the content of the First Aid Manual may meet general acceptance instructional methods must measure up to modern needs. In this the instructor enjoys the privilege of a personal appearance. He must exploit this advantage by using the full range of audio-visual aids available to him. Film strip and film loop should be used in conjunction with the other obvious, but too often neglected, aids like the blackboard (or chalkboard since it may now be green or even white) or flannelgraph. Above all, a successful presentation is still largely dependent on the instructor's personal contribution and the amount of time and energy he is prepared to spend beforehand.
In the ensuing articles we hope to discuss the characteristics (and limitations) of the aids now available to instructors to help them in their fundamental task of achieving an acceptable presentation.
NOTE.-Visual Aids-Focus on Equipment in july issue.
Fig. 4
Fig. 3
Visual Aids. But sound may be employed also in aid of the teacher.
NEVER MIND THE WORDS Look at the Pictures!
by F. G. THOMAS
the National Dock Labour Board's Chi ef Welfare Officer, still Chairman. of the Vzsual Azds Committee of the St. John. Ambulance Association. Here he emphasises th e valu e of visual aids in teaching first aid.
RY 'B .. C.
IWe are assaulted on every side, these days, by phot?graphs, posters, pictures. Some still, some movmg to persuade us to do something which we w<;mld not otherwise do, or want to do, or ever think of doing-whether it be to buy a special food, or .dress in a .certain way, or adopt a mode of behaYlOur, or thmk in a certain manner about our affaIrS.
illuminated street signs, . commerCIals blatantly display their wIth modem technique with the illlmmum of prmted words.
is very tangible evidence to show how effectIve these forms of propaganda are. They rt ::: ch an enormous audience but make the least on the viewer. So dangerous is this med!ur;n that there is a tacit understanding that the of picture which may not be notIced by the viewer is not used on teleVISIOn.
This forl? of is not new. At the of this artIcle are some examples of ancient embodying ideas; on the left is an pIctograph of God, in the centre the EgyptIan symbol of life, followed by the optic Cross. (whIch has a clear resemblance to the EgyptIan symbol) and the austere western crucifiXIOn .
At the end of the article are examples of the of today taken from the "Michelin GUIde whIch any traveller can follow.
Every first aider ip Scotland recognises the Cross of St. Andrew. The Maltese Cross of St. John has been the symb?l through the centuries which men have followed m peace and war, even unto death.
The c?at (')f arms of the National Dock Labour B.oard a more complicated pictograph. Its pIcture IS composed of a number of elements
14
by the College of Heralds, all of which are SIgnificant of the industry, land, sea, ships, cargo more. elusive symbols such as the seagulls. It IS .mterestmg to note that the idea of decasualisatIO.n labour) has to. be turned into words, in Latm, Let no man be Idle against his will."
It is not without interest that in these very modern da we. seem to be reverting to the oldest form of plctonal communication to influence
We are using elementary visual aids with the ffilmmum use of words. And yet, as the Board' s coat of aFms while the picture may ev.oke an Idea,. It cannot develop it. Tbe interpret.of pIctograph will depend On what the VIewer to it. I once stood in the Coptic m CaIro-one of a party of tourists. The pnest showed us the cellar where it was alleaed Joseph and Mary hid on the flight from Egypt. The cellar was flooded. He explained at some length. that the Coptic cross derived more from the EgyptIan symbol for life than from the crucifix. He added for me a new interpretation of the symbol.
of is true of all visual aids. The glass wmdow on the church is a visual aId-something akin to the coloured slide of our day. of people have grown up with these plct.ures as part of their life. The child gazes at pIcture; b?t as his life unfolds and he expenences the pams and pleasures of life he sees
more in the picture than in his childhood; he brings to it his own interpretation. The picture has not changed, but the child has become a man.
General Booth, it is alleged, said: "Why should the devil have all the good tunes?" and so started the Salvation Army singing in a popular mode. Educationalists are similarly using modern visual aids in teaching. But there are people in first aid who have some mistrust about visual aids in the first aid class. In too many classes today, teaching is by way of the minimum requirements-a doctor, an instructor, a blackboard and some charts and the "b lack book." These are, of course, first essentials. Modern visual aids, the slide, film tape recorder can not only enrich the course but prepare the first aider for the moment when he has to face his first casualty. They will not replace the passing on of personal experience, whether from the doctor or the instructor, to the experienced first aider. They can, however, bring life into the teaching.
It might well be that the first aider would be so put off by what he saw or smelt-there are some who cannot stand the smell of blood-or the circumstances of the accident that he would not be able to carry out the routines he had learnt.
Casualties' Union have made a valuable contribution by simulating not only the injury but the patient's reactions. The trained casualty can give a most realistic performance. Some years ago a weekend schoo l of dockers were watching a demonstration of the work of members of the Casualties' Union. Eventually one of the team came into the room with a particularly realistic make-up with appropriate noises of a very bad burn. A member of the audience fell off his chair in a faint. He was promptly carried off by a team of first aiders who resisted his remonstrations that he was all right and sent for the doctor who was attending
the conference. The patient was a member of the team of Casualties' Union!
Visual aids can help to bridge this gap between the class-room and the actual incident and so help to prepare the first aider for what he may meet in real life. Actual coloured photographs and injuries, if used under expert guidance and at the right time, may be very informative. A set of slides taken in a hospital of head injuries were shown to an experienced group by the surgeon who had taken them. They were not pleasant and one which was particularly grim caused some of those attending to put their heads well down. In fact, this particular injury was the least dangerous and cleaned up comparatively easily. If the first aider had not seen that slide he might well have been unduly a hlrmed and disturbed if he met it in real life.
Much more could be done in this way and St. John Ambulance is considering the possibility of securing suitable material. It is not suggested that such visual aids on slide and film should be used in a first year class but under the direction of the doctor or someone nominated b y him-they can help in the advanced class, the lay instructor's course and with selected and experienced first aiders.
After all, first aid is concerned with living beings. The "black book" dissects and analyses and prescribes; but it is abstract. A chart may show the circulation of the blood. A film can show the blood in colour pulsating as it moves round the body. The demonstrator can show a group of people what to do, whether it be tying a bandage or carrying a casualty with a fractured spine. There are now available from St. John Ambulance a series of short 8mm. films which can be shown on any projector, illustrating some aspects of the
textbook so that everybody can see clearly and in detail the process the doctor or the instructor has described.
Visual aids can supplement the class-room teaching. These are very simple examples which are inexpensive-after all, many people now have slide projectors or an Smm. projector which lies dormant for many months once they have shown their holiday snaps.
There are many other important uses of visual aids which have not yet been fully explored.
The end product of a first aid class is when the member faces, alone, his first casualty. He must, of course, know the routine. He must know what is required, what he can do and what he mu::;t not do. He may be very well trained, but his first actuality can be terrifying. There are first aiders who have practised for years without having a real opportunity of applying their knowledge.
Some years ago in an out port a man fell between the quay and the ship. A bystander dived in, got him to shore, whereupon a first aider rendered artificial respiration and the man lived.
The man who dived in got an award from the Royal Humane Society The first aider did not and there was some feeling in the matter. It was pointed out to the first aider that he was lucky in that there were many first aiders who had practised for years and never had a chance of using their skill as he had. He was content with the comment.
In this case the first aider responded to his first casualty according to the book.
So far we have dealt with visual aids-(a) in relation to class teaching and (b) as a means of preparing the first aider for his first casualty. There are, however, many other possible uses of more general import. For example, there is the question of maintaining class interest. Year after year the student goes over the same ground, the same training and there can be little variation in the teaching content for the material is quite properly prescribed by the first aid manual-except for such changes as m9-Y be authorised by the sponsoring bodies. The uses of the slide and the film can help to maintain lively interest in many ways. There are background films, which can be rented without undue cost, dealing not only with treatment but the circumstances of accidents. There is a very good short film showing something of the work of the Order in the Hospital in J erUSf lem with which every first aider should feel som(: responsibility.
It is sometimes said that all this costs money and that equipment is difficult to borrow or is expensive. This is true to some extent when using 16mm. app?-ratus. But there are projectors in many sC!lOols which can be borrowed by arrangement wIth the Local Education Authority. Sometimes 16
the local photographic dealer may be persuaded to loan apparatus as a personal contribution to the work of the Order.
But, in addition, there is a field of general interest these days in home movies and slide projection which has not been sufficiently tapped .
Many people have means of showing their own slide and Smm . movies , which they buy in a moment of enthusiasm , use on their holiday , show afterwards the results to long-suffering friends and put it away for the winter.
Here, surely, is a source of interest to be used Often the owner is happy to be given an opportunity to provide his equipment and material if someone will only ask him to do so. What is more, the camera enthusiast would willingly co-operate in making a short film which would be an excellent exercise for a first aid class- it would be well worth making during the winter months.
, This enthusiasm should be created by the cla ss secretary. The owner of the equipment would only be too glad to have an opportunity of using hi s gear, if someone would help in the cost of materials, which are not very expensive.
It might be making a short film showing the class in training and then follow through with shots of what can happen- one member involved 'in dealing with an accident at home; another on the street and another on the docks, in an office, and so on. Then all of them meeting the next week as usual to hear the next lecture in the course.
There is nothing new in all this, the Maltese Cross has been the symbol of service to the sick for a thousand years. It is recognised today on every football field , place of entertainment and wherever crowds gather throughout the land.
A very simple visual aid- and most effective. It is surely worth while using modern aids in and lear:n.ing. They .can help in carryin g on thIS great tradItIOn of serVIce to mankind.
20rtcE NTU RY
FILMSTRIPS & FILMLOOPS
CASUALTY SIMULATION.
THE ROLE OF OXYGEN IN THE HUMAN BODY.
FIRST AID FOR MOTORISTS. This is based on the 2nd Edition of the Joint Manual and made under the direction of Dr. V. M. Hawthorne, Lecturer at Gla sgow University in conjunction with Civil Defence Personnel.
Further information from CAMERA TALKS, LTD., 31, North Row (Park Lane), London, W.l, and available in 3Smm. filmstrips and Smm. filmloop.
AMBULANCE CADET LITTLECHILD being treated for head injuries during the Bletchl ey Ambulanc e Division's First Aid Course.
PICTURE SHOWS: A simulat
d rescu e operation by the officers of the Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely Fire Brigade wluD were the first in the country to adopt the new Space Rescue Blanket. Victim is wrapped up like a chocolate biscuit in a metallised plastic foil. This blanket pr eve nts loss of body heat.
DELAY IS DANGEROUS
WOUNDS AND BLEEDING
An instructional film produced by the Photographic and Film Unit of The Royal Society of Medicine (Director, Mr. Esmond Wilson) for the National Dock Labour Board, illustrating the correct methods of dealing with cases ranging from a nose-bleed to a stove-in-chest. The "actors" are all volunteer members of the Board's Ambulance Centre.
Stock: 16mm, Optical sound in Colour-l reel of 690ft.
Running time: 19 mins.
Loan: Free from the Welfare Dept., National Dock Labour Board, 22-26 Albert Embankment, London, S.E.1. Tel.: 01-735 7271/9. Copies, from above address, can be bought for £50 each.
ST. JOHN with ST. ANDREW'S AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION and the BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY have produced the following series:
Title
104/ Cl 104/ C2 104/ C3 104/ C4 104/ C5
C8
C9
CI0
Cll
C12
SPACE RESCUE BLANKET
37 / C4
37/C5
730 / Cl
730 / C2
730 / C3
730 / C4
730/C5
730 / C6
730/C7
730 /C8
Treatment of Fractured Clavicle
Treatment of Fractured Humerus
Treatment of Fractured Unbent Elbow
Treatment of Fractured Forearm, Wrist and Hand
Treatment of Fractured Lower Limb, without Splints
Treatment of Fractured Lower Limb, without Splints, Long Journey
Treatment of Fractured Lower Limb with Splints . . .
Treatment of Fractured Femur with Splints, Long Journey
Treatment of Fractured Jaw, Ribs-Seated , Ribs-Horizontal
Treatment of Fractured Spine .. ,
Treatment of Fractured Pelvis ...
Treatment of Fractured Kneecap
Triangular Bandaging the Head and Scalp
Triangular Bandagin g the Shoulder and Hip .. .
Triangular Bandaging the Elbow and Knee
Trian g ular Bandaging the Hand , Foot, and Stump
Triangular Bandaging the Chest
Transport- Single Helper
Transport-Two Helpers .. .
Preparing and Blanketing Stretcher
Loading Stretcher without Blanket
Loading Stretcher with Blanket
Loading Stretcher with Webbing Bands CD
Lifting from Trench with Webbing Bands CD.
Transport of Spinal Injury '"
LETTERS
Dear Mrs. Richards,
In the March issue (Volume 41, Number 3) of the St. John "Review," you published an article which interested my husband and myself very much-"First Aid in 1908."
You will, no doubt, be surprised to learn that we have a copy of "First Aid to the Injured ," 550th Thousand , priced Is and dated 1897, originally written by Peter Shepherd, M.B., Surgeon Major, Army Medical Dept., killed at Isandula, January 22, 1879-re-written by Robert Bruce.
In Chapter 2, on Fractures-the treatment for fracture of collar-bone is exactly as in the latest issue of the tex tbook; whilst in the treatment of fractured spine, some of the articles which are suggested to keep the limbs steady and are stated to be easily adapted for the purpose include a sword and scabbard, policeman's truncheon and cape, a stocking filled with earth and expanding ornaments for flower-pots .
Chapter 9-Carrying Stretchers, is by Mr. John Furl@y-this supersedes (so the book states) previous instruction based on the rules laid down in Professor Longman's "Treatise on the Transport of Sick and Wounded ."
Chapter 10 is for females only-Preparation for the Reception of Accident Cases. Included in this chapter is the preparations to be made for the surgeon's visit. This covers the "lighting of a fire, even in summer" also "providing a foot-bath under the table" and in the case of burns, "old linen, oil, flour , bread and materials torn up for banda ges"-"if a chemist's shop is within reach carron oil and cotton wool should be sent for."
This issue also includes a General Price List which includes such items as:
Ashford litters £8 5s. 6d. to £12 Is., plus extras such as hood and apron, rubber tyres, etc.
Lowmoor jackets £1 5s.
Copper tinned water-bottles lOs. 6d.
Rtidels ice ball lOs. 6d.
Gold medallions cost £2 lOs. plus 2s. for Morocco velvet-lined case
Surgeon's silver wire cross 9d.
Brigade flags, 4ft. 3in. x 3ft., 12s.
Prices are also given for uniform for cyclistsSuperintendent or Rank and File.
We also have an equally interesting edition of "Home Nursing," dated 1918 , and "Brigade Orders," dated 1899, 1900 and 1901.
Included in the Brigade Orders are those issued on the death of Queen Victoria (having black edging) and one for November 1899 , B O.16, giving orders for members of the Brigade WNO volunteer for speciJal service-"They must be unmarried , in perfect health, of good physique, free from hernia, with fair eyesight and serviceable
20
teeth . A certificate must also be furnished by the Divisional Superintendent that each man is of exem plary character and of temperate habits. Each man will provide his own woollen or flannel underclothing (two sets), two flannel shirts, four pairs of socks, one pair strong, laced boots (with sp are laces), canvas shoes, slippers and Brigade uniform. "
The pay and allowances while on foreign service were s tated to be:
Officers 38s. 6d. week, with free rations.
1st Grade 23s. 4d week, with free rations.
2nd Grade 21s. week, with free rations.
I hope these detail s will interest yo u and maybe the readers of the "Review."
Yours trul y, (Mrs.) M. R oberts.
Dudley, Worcestershire.
Dear Editor,
Referring to Mr. Mich ael Newbold's article on "First Aid in 1908" in the March 1968 iss ue of the "Review," I feel sure he and many others will be interested in the following extract from the treatment in the case of "Bites by mad animals" as detailed in the 189 2 edition of "First Aid to the Injured" (Surgeon Major Peter Shepherd and edited by Robert Bruce, M.R.eS.Eng.) , page 51, namely:
"If the accident occur in the open, gunpowder may be placed in the wound and fired , this being done three or four times; or the wound may be burnt several times by ordinary fusees
"If the patient become faint, some stim ul ant , as brandy or wine, must be given."
Yours faithfully, Henry J. Godfrey. Bromley , Kent.
OPEN FORUM
The "Review" is an open forum in which readers can express their views except when these contributions are sent anonymously or when it is a personal attack on an individual. The Editor h as recently received unsigned items- it just isn't o n Contributors MUST give full name and address even if the item is published under a nom de plume. The identity will not be revealed without the author's permission. Freedom of speech does not mean licence. Write it. Sleep on it. Think again. Then send in constructive views and not just a touch-of -the-liver.
Train Crash "Disaster"
Lieut.-Colonel Sir Thomas Cook, J.P., to Retire
Sir Thomas Cook, Commissioner for Norfolk, will retire on St. John 's Da y, after holding this office for 33 years. He will be succeeded by Brigadier F. P . Barclay, D .S. O ., M.e , D.L. In his farewell message, Sir Thomas says that it is a happy coincidence that he will be succeeded by the son of the Commissioner from whom he took over, the late Mr. F. H. Barclay.
Sir Thomas, like many members of St. John, has served the Eight Pointed Cross for more than half his life.
Although he is retiring as Commissioner, he will continue his valuable service to St. John when he succeeds the Earl of Albemarle as County President.
He says: "In this new category I shall regard it as my obligation to place my advice and experience at the disposal of my successor, to exercise my energy to the full and to continue the many friendships which I have established under the banner of the oldest Order of Chivalry in the World."
21
Orthapaedic Hospital-cont. from page 6 the problems of rheumatoid arthritis, orthopaedic conditions and immunology.
Patients and medical and nursing staff come from all over the world-and many miraculous operations are performed. Consultant surgeons come from Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool , Hereford and the Welsh area. The Matron, Miss Mary Powell, who is a physiotherapist as well as a S.R.N., has written a book on orthopaedic nursing which is the standard text book for student
Our Patron, H .R.H. Princess Marina, vi sits the Hospital every fi ve years, and her last vis i t was in 1967 when she opened the new Geria tric Wards (64 beds), an addition to the Nurses H ome a nd visited the swimming pool, which was built with m.oney collected by the H ospital Le ague of Friends at a cost of £23,000. This pool is used dail y b y the patients, particularly by the paraplegics for whom this f orm of rehabilitation is very necessary.
The Hospital is the centre for the Midland Spinal Injuries Unit so that rehabilitation a nd the Occupational Therapy Dept. form an important part of the H.ospital's programme.
The Hospital was one of the first to have a full time Art Therapist who also contributes to the rehabilitation. There is also a Special School, so that children can continue their education during their sometimes very long stay.
There is a ver y enthusiastic band of voluntary helpers doing various jobs in the h ospital (including many St. John Nursing Cadets), and The League of Friends, who have collected over £60,000 since 1962, are now reaching their target of £25,000 towards a new Chapel/Concert Hallthe building of which started , on January 1 this year.
May I conclude by saying that stud.ents are allowoo. to enter the School of Nursing at 17 years of age and any enquiries re the training should be sent to the Matron at the Hospital.
N.D.L.B.
SM I LES f rom t he Hu ll T eam. Capt. W T Mor ris, J A. Har rison , A. E. Johnson, A. T. Shann and R eser ve R. Wilkinson. John Warburt on
THE CHAIRMAN'S CUP SURREY DOCKS, LONDON
PLACED THI RD in th e co nt e st Capt F. E. Cowling, C H. M ill er, J. Ha rr is, B Wo l f. T h e ma rks of t h e fi rst t hre e t eams w ere 312, 30 lt and 29Jt. Wh il e cong rat ulatin g all comp e tito rs o n a h ig h standa rd of Fi rst Aid, Co l F J. W. Ho o p er, M .B. , D.P. H. , conun ent ed on th e n ece ss ity to ge t prio riti e s rig ht- i. e., i n on e te st th e casualty h ad an abdomina l wound as w ell as a f ractu red cla v icl e, h er e th e w o und was most imp o rt ant. H e also m ent ion ed a common cri tic ism th a t not enou g h use is mad e of bystand ers-e v e n if th ey ac t halfwi tt ed and obstr uctiv e T h e r eason fo r t h is is p rob a bl y t h at w h e n t he r e ar e fou r qua l ified p eople to cope wit h th e situat ion (and th ere is a t im e li m i t to comp l e te th e t reatment and o rg.anis e h elp) , on e tends to us e t h e sk ill ed r esou rce s, wh ereas, w h en fac ed wit h a simi l ar situation , wit h n.o ap p ar en t t rain ed aid to hand , t h e F irs t Aide r do es m ake use of b ys tan.d ers John Warbur ton
RUNNERS·UP, SWANSEA
THEI R N o .4 (Mr. A Tud g ay ), al so w o n th e I ndiv idual C up (L e ft to ri g ht ) : Capt. D. Di ck ers o n , A L a n g ley, V Williams A Tud g ay a n d R ese rve G . Gray J ohn Warbun on
CLOTHING FASTENINGS FOR THE HANDICAPPED
& DISABLED
A Disabled Living Activities Group Booklet
Attention to the fastenings of garments may greatly ease the burden of helping the unaided handicapped person.
The Disabled Living Activities Group of the Central Council for the Disabled set up a Clothing Panel in 1963. A report on "Problems of Clothing for the Sick and Disabled," by Ann M. Gamwell and Florence Joyce, both Occhlpational Therapists, was published in July 1967. The booklet "Clothing Fastenings for the Handicapped and Disabled," is the first publication by the Group to suggest some solutions to clothing problems. Others are planned.
Descriptions of the fastenings mentioned in this booklet are brief and clear . Note is made of sizes and colours of fastenings usually available. Line drawings; fully illustrate all that is said about fastenings and the ways in which they may be used. The Clothing Panel is appreciative of the generous help given by Mrs. Brenda Naylor, Dress Designer, who drew the illustrations.
Many firms have assisted, both in offering information on their products, and supplying samples, so that all the items mentioned will be available to anyone in the United Kingdom, the Army & Navy Stores Ltd. (of Victoria Street, S.W.l), have agreed to stock all the fastenings noted in the booklet for sale to personal shoppers or by mail order.
Members of the Clothing Panel who have prepared this booklet represent a wide field of specialists from nursing, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, mental health, special education, the King's Fund, textile manufacturers, a disabled driver and observers from the Ministry of Health and the Department of Education and Science.
Some assistance with the cost of preparing this booklet has been given by Marks & Spencer Ltd., and the Sembal Trust has kindly made the Group a loan to enable printing to proceed.
The booklet does not claim to mention all clothing fastenings that have ever been devised, nor aU the ways in which they can be used. What it does aim to do is to mention fastenings that are available and ways in which they can be used.
Probably the most important section is that on "Points to Consider," where it is clearly stated that in deciding on openings and fastenings to garments there are three things to note: the range of movement a disabled person can make which will indicate where the opening should be placed, the degree of power he can exert, and the type of fastening he can manage best. 'Ike illustrations clearly show that current fashion kends can be followed, and making a garment easier to manage for a disabled person does not mean ruining its appearance.
Appropriate adaptations to garments, and careful choice of fastenings, may greatly help the dayto-day living problems of di sa bled persons , mothers of handicapped children, the elderly and many others.
Apart from a full index, the booklet contains a section on "Ideas ReJated to Disability."
This is intended to guide the reader to solutions that may help a particular case, and to stimulate interest in garments of good design and function (suited to their purpose and the disability of the wearer), and the variety of fastenings and ways of using them.
Enq uiries to:
Miss Leonora Elphick, A.I.M.S.W., Co-ordinator of Clothing Proje cts,
The Disabled Living Activities Group, Central Council for the Di sa bled , 39, Victoria Street, London, S.W.I.
Telephones:
01-222 7487 / 8 (office).
01 -692 5275 (home).
Div. Supt. W. J. L. Gotch-cont. from page 9
The Commissioner, Dr. W. Dr ake-Lee, congratulated Supt. Gotch on hi s magnificent record of service not only to Wellingborough but to the country and the Brigade in general. He also complimented him on a marvellous job as county Press Relations Officer for fifteen years.
Mr. Gotch has been Divisional Supt. for twelve years and is also Secretary of the Wellingborough Centre, St. John Ambulance Association. A R.N.A .S.B. Reservist he was called up before the outbreak of war.
For over 40 years he has held some po sition or office in the Wellingborough Branch of the British Legion, including those of branch chairman and treasurer and the latter po st he st ill h olds.
For eight years he was secretary of the Northamptonshire Royal Naval Services Association, an officer in the Civil Defence Corps. His interest in the Friendly Society has seen him twice Grand Master of the Wellingborough District Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Manchester Unity, besides being a lodge officer and trustee.
He was programme secretary of the Wellingborough Hospital's Fete for nearly twenty years; earned a Special Constabulary long service medal, was foundeF member and treaSl!!lrer of Wellingborough and District Rifle Club and President of Wellingborough United Foo t ball Club. Spare Time? He has an allotment! The Editor "digs" him too!
24
PLYMOUTH, S.W. DEVON AND
E. CORNWALL
BUCKS.
IN SEPTEMBER last yea r Div. Supt. George Timpson decided to form a new Cadet Division in Eton Wick. He was told by th.e grey-beards that h e would n eve r mak e a go of it because there were so many other activities in. th e district. In February hi s ambition. was achieved when. 18 Cadets (7 bo ys a.nd 11 gi rls) were e nr o ll ed and received their preliminary certificates. Befor e the cer e mony Area Commissioner Mr. L. Steph e ns was presented with a Cadet Flag. County Sup e rint e ndent (N) Mrs. M. Boothman gave an a.ddress and the Brig ad e f ilm "A Wa y of Life," was shown. A warm welcome to these yo ung p eo pl e and ma y th eir Division prosper. Wind sor Exp ress
A WONDERFUL OPPORTUNITY FOR TWO
Couple wanted for one year for a St. John Headquarters overseas. Man would have responsibility for efficient organising and running of Headquarters and would be expected to travel occasionally. Wife should have good secretarial training and should be capable of taking over responsibility of Headquarters in husband's absence. Both must have sound St. John background and good knowledge of Association and Brigade organisation. Good salary; free furnished flat over office; free use of office car; and two free return air passages. Ages between 25 and 50. Please apply giving full particulars to the: Director Overseas Department, 1, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I, and if suitable, further details will be supplied. 26
SALOP
DIVISION PRESENTATIONS
LONDON DISTRICT
10,737 HOURS SERVICE MR. WOLFE, TEDDINGTON AMBULANCE DIVISION, GAINS SERVICE
STAFFS.
MISS SWANSBOROUGH'S FAREWELL PARTY
APPEALS CORNER
All future editions of The " Review " will, it is hop ed , include an Appeals Corner , under which announcement s of future projects and the results of past events can be made public. We shall al so try from time t o time to publish lists, gimmicks and new idea s which may be of use to our readers in thi 3 essential bu siness of fund raisin g
STAFF
As a re sult of the merger between the A ss ociation and the Brigade, the Appeals Department has much wider scope and the staff ha s therefore been increa sed: Lady Trefgarne, Chairman , h a s now been joined, in a permanent capacit y, by Colonel W. L. R . Benyon (lately Controller, Overseas), a s Appeals Or ganiser Mi ss J oanna Sterry remains as Secretary, sharing an office with Mi ss Ros @mary O Connor, the Press Secret a ry, so that the essential liaison between these tw o departments remains very clo se indeed.
THE FUTURE
On July 11, H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh will be at the ROYAL ALBERT HALL to see the professional wrestling promoted by Dale Martin Ltd. H R H. will al so be sh own some St. John displays and will take supper with selected guests.
Tickets for the wrestling at 10 gns . from the Appeals Department (01-235 5231) and at lower price3 direct from the Royal Albert Hall (01-589 8212). This is a simply splendid oppo r tunity t o see really top-c]ass wre stling a nd help St. John at the same time
On September 26, R. "TARA Ball" is being held at one of the historic houses in London, through
the kindness of M .G. M . as p a rt of t h e la un chin g of their new pr esent atio n of t h e famo us " q one With th e Wind. " The 5 gn ti cket s ca n b e ob ta m ed f ro m th e App ea ls Office, a nd t hi s in cl ud e a champ agne buff et supper , cab a r et, et c. We ar e also relying on the generosity of our friends f or raffle and tombola prizes , which should be sent t o 1, Grosvenor Crescent, Lond o n, S.W.l (c.o.d. , if you like).
THE PAST
Our rea der s m ay like t o kn ow h ow p as t even ts h ave f a red. Our n e tt pr ofit s h ave b een m a d e up as f oll ows:
A ntique Au cti o n £2, 500
V alentine K a rn eval £ 1,900
G olf M a tch, Leath erhe a d £ 50
Our m os t g ra teful th a nks go t o the m a ny wh o h elp ed so much
Coll ecti on s in all the ABC cinemas in th e ea rl y part of the yea r t o talled £5,911-this was 9.3 per cent increase on the collections taken in 1966. Alth o ugh all concerned sh ould be con gr a tul a t ed on their efforts, there wer e still cases where nob od y turned up to t a ke the co ll ecti on . F or admini str a ti ve r easo ns cheque s will n o t be received befor e th e Autumn
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Our most grateful thanks are due to the following for their generous gifts:
Bangor-on-Dee Steeplechases L t d.
Ale xand r a Park Racecourse
Kempton Park
Fontwell Park Steeplechase
Hospital V oluntary Services & Research Trust
(Continu ed on f acing p age )
C ross word C ompetition N o. I -S enior WinneT
Mr s. Ha milt o n , F lat 2, I S, Co llin g ha m R oa d , Lo nd on , S.W.S.
Ca d e t C r osswo rd N o.1-W inn e r
M i s Kat h ry n A. Brya n t, 220a, Hud d ersfield R oa d , Mi r fteld, Yorks.
N ote - A lth o ugh it wo ul d appear, to judge by th e rep li es to t h e q uestio n nai re last year, tha t the Crosswords are po pul ar a n d th at th ere was a dema nd for a Cadet vers io n a nd compe titi o n s-ON LY T W O ENT R IES WER E R ECEI VE D] EACH SECTION.
So far o nl y one for the seco nd Se ni or a nd no n e for the Cadet -" R eview," Apr il iss u e.
Solutio Ill to Crossw ord N o. 1.
A cro ss : 1, Ancient medicine; 8, J aun -d ice; 9, 10, Stirrup s; 11, Sights; 13, P ernicio u s; 16, R enal colle; 20, Brewed ; 2 1, Di a b etic; 22, Lotio n ; 23, A -therom -A; 24, Agranul ocytosis.
Down: 1, A d just; 2, C -o-us -in; 3, Endure; 4, hero-\; 5, I n ti nct; 6, Ichthyo l ; 7, El ap es; 12, An u blOuc; 14, Ancestor; 15, Blue moon; 16, R ubella; 17, Ab l est; 18, Stoops; 19, Scr-a-ps.
Solution to Ca d e t C r osswo rd N o. 1.
A cross: 1, B lanket; 5, Ve i ns; 8, R api d ; 9, R est-ore; 10, Haemato m a; 12, Ash; 13, Bruise; 14, R a bies; 16, Ni p ; 17, Med icinal ; 20, Sternum ; 2 1, Human; 23, Water; 24, Relap e.
Down: 1, Berth; 2, Asp; 3, Kidnaps; 4, Torso; 5, V ista; 6, Iso l ation; 7, See -the -s; 11, Equipment; 13, B an d- saw; IS, Alcoho l ; 17, Man-or; 18, D-em u -r; 19, Lance; 22, Mop.
S oluti on t o C r ossw ord N o.5.
A cross : 1, Eviscerat e; 6, Asia; 10, Fa t ty; 11 , Mi ddl e ear; 12, Free fa ll ; 13, Bursa; 15, P erimeter; 17, Leeps; 19, O uter; 20, Arm an d l eg; 22, I dl es; 24, Ma l e lamb ; 26, In fl uen za; 27, Taste; 29, No e; 30, Gavage pack.
Down : 1, Elf; 2, I nterpret ; 3, Chy l e; 4, R ampart; 5, To ddl er; 7, Smear; 8, Air passage; 9, Globulin; 14, Apposition; 16, Marasmu s; 18, Eclampsia; 20, Ammonia; 21, M el ae n a; 23, L i fts; 25, Lit h e; 28 , E lk
Appeals Corner-cont.
" GIMMICKS "
One county has launched a successful scheme under which donations to St. John are substituted for the usual floral tribute at funeral s. We feel that this is a very personal matter and is better confined to a local county rathe'r than on a national scale.
P a rticul a r s fr om The Secreta r y, The St. J olm
We st Ridin g F lower F und , St. J ohn Hall , L und La ne, Killinghall , near H a rr oga te, Y orks (T el.: Ripley 525 )
REVIEW CROSSWORD No. 6
Compiled
by
W. A. Potter
ACRO SS
1. Wo uld these epidermal appen d ages be affecte d in iron- d eficiency diseases?
4. Symptom of dyspepsia-Not c onfined to the hotb l oo d ed
8. A blu shing affair wh en affectin g skin arterio l es .
10. R espon d to a stimulus.
11. Heel work for the surgeon.
12. Coloure d chil d ren with congenital heart d efects.
14. Fever transmitted by milk.
15. Altho u gh quite d ry, we may be in it socially
18. A short bath.
19. G l an ds stim ul ated by emotion and onions.
22. R esu lt of a woun d an d l anguace a terminal infecti o u s d iseas e.
23. Init i a lly girl so ldi ers of yell o w ra ces.
25. Mature pie cu t up in sen i or service.
26. In mo st cases it is good first ai d to secure to the chest.
27 . P rominence of tibia an d fib ul a
28. Mother with son works in stone. DO WN
1 Drains a co n junctival sac.
2. Fin d u se for fl u i d given intraveno u sly.
3. Pota to u se d t o rem ove foreig n b o d ies fro m the eye.
4 Crack fracture reced ing in mi ddl e ace.
S. Ward M aster co ncea ls intesti n a l p arasite.
6. A t o m ic f u el.
7. Bu tt o cks co n sume d b etween pol es.
9. Bo rn with a p enny for re qui re m ent.
13. M ay b e du e t o aero phacy or dyspepsia
16. T akes cha rg e o n arrival a t street accid en t.
17. Mol e in u te ru s could create D N O scare.
18. Instrum ent u se d in b eginning of surgery.
20 . W e, who mus t eventu a lly die.
2 \. W o und li k el y to h ave ca u se d in ternal h aemorrhage.
22. Po x ac quire d playing r u gb y f ootb a ll ?
24 M a th ema ti ca l exp r essio n f or p eri od of gestati o n
THE CORPS EXAMINATION
By Divisional Superintendent S. W orroll, Middleton Division, Duke of Lancaster's District
Having taken an examination described, and also being a member of the Division that acted as guinea pigs before it was put into practice for the NO.3 Area, and seeing that Mr. Wheble has made his own thoughts on the subject public, with the added N ,ote by the District Col. Ollerenshaw, I feel justified in commenting on a numb er of points mentioned in the article. * I do not mean to be critical, but to put the subject as seen from the other side of the fence.
The principle of a panel of examiners with simulated casualties is good, more interest is created and, I think, less examination fears than when confronting one's own Divisional Surgeon.
Where a Division has been exa mined by its own Divisional Surgeon, year after year, this has been the fault of the District Office. The application form for examination allows for a doctor to be n.ominated in the event of the District being unable to appoint one. The nominee has been chosen, who, in most cases, is the Divisional Surgeon
But a big cry for some time has been the shortage of doctors. It is surprising to note that there is s,o little faith and trust in the Divisional Surgeon's integrity and fairness to conduct an examination without being placed in an awkward position of failing a candidate and consequent recriminations.
the sore point with a good many members, who account for the majority of absentees, is not the examination, nor wanting a particular doctor, but the attitude in a Voluntary Organisation of being told you will have to take the examination Saturday afternoon. You will have to go to another town to take it. Apart from the 20 minutes' examination time, waiting time plus travelling time, the afternoon is spoiled.
Another factor not mentioned is that a large number of members d,o a considerable number of weekend duties, which all 'goes to make the free weekend more valuable.
1966 was the National Recruiting Year and yet the article talks of eliminating those who do not co-operate and in the Note, of members we could very well do without, it says we are n.ot trying to enforce it. Surely this is the wrong attitude when one views the drop in membership over the years leading to the Recruiting Campaign.
With reference to the tables 1 and 2- percentages convey nothing to anyone unless the number upon which the percentage is based is also given . As an example, I attended a lecture given by an 30
economist wh,o baffled us with per cents until an elderly man stated in the discu ss ion that he kept poultry, 50 per cent of which were la ying. This, said the economist, was very good for the time of year, but the elderly man intervened and said: "Aye, but I've nobbut got two hens."
Much more could be written on this article, but to sum up:
As stated the type of examination is good.
The attitude is not so good towards Brigade member s.
Why should the Brigade members have maintenance of yearly efficiency made difficult for them?
Other organisations-one case in point, the Lancashire County Ambulance Service, who e men are to all intents and purposes a Brigade Detachment-ch oose their own examiner and qualify for the same Awards as Brigade member and in some cases may be paid for time spent at examinations.
The new first aider and tho e requiring reexamination (mainly for Industrial purp ose) ha ve everything laid on for them.
D oc tors seem to be availa ble for lectures and examinations to suit the candidates' convenience.
The number of Association Certificates will prove this, arrangements for these are made, in many cases, by a Brigade Division.
It would be interesting to know how many good members have resigned , or been eliminated, b y the stated attitude. I feel the real testing point ha s yet to come in respect to this.
A saver for the present has been the gaining of the Higher Certificate.
If we want progress we must have change, but not at the expense of the True Spirit of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.
* See July , 1967. " Review ."
THE LADY HOSPITALLERS CLUB
The n e w meeting pl ace is 52, Lower Sloane Street, London, S.W.3 (near Sloane Square Underground Station), on the seco nd Sat urd ay af te r noon every month, exceptio n July an d August.
It was f ounded in 1920 and, with the excepTIion of th e war years, ha s met regularly every month .
Mi ss E. Z. Arnor was elected Pre si d ent this February.
Officer s wishing to join should contact Mrs. F. A. Robin so n, 120, Eastern Avenue, W a n ste a d, E.ll. Telephone: W ans te a d 5370
GARDENS ESSEX
Open to the Public in Aid of St. John
Open 2.30 -6 p.m. Admission 2 / - (Children Free)
Some of the special attractions are given below.
JUNE 23, SUNDAY
GREAT RUFFINS, WICKHAM BISHOPS (Mrs. J. Hudson). S.E. of Witham via B1018. Bus route Witham-Maldon No. 335. Roses and many intere bng trees and shru bs.
PENNY POT, HALSTEAD (Mf. and Mrs. R . Butler). A131 and bu s service Braintree-Hal stead No. 311. R oses and herba ceo us borders.
LEEZ PRIORY, HARTFORD END, Near FELSTED (Mf. and Mrs. N. N. Butler). River walk, Priory ruins (1220), Tudor Courtyard Mansion. A favourite spo t of H.M. Queen E li za beth 1. 3 miles S.E. of Felsted, 5 miles S.W. of Braintree.
COP FORD HALL, COLCHESTER (Mf. A. B . e. Harrison, M.P. a nd Mrs. Harrison). Extensive n at ural woodland garden. Origin a ll y laid out by Ri chard Wood at the end of 18th Century. Mini at ure ro es. 11 th Century Norman church noted for wall paintings. Main A12 to Colchester, first right after Marks Tey rounda b out , follow igns t o "Copford Church."
JULY 7, SUNDAY
MANOR HOUSE. TENDRING (Sir Philip and Lady Southwell). Attractive garden including two
fish ponds. R ose garden. Bus stop Weeley, " Black B oy," i mile turning off B1035. Sir Philip is Director-General , St. John Ambulance.
JULY 14, SUNDAY
SP AINS HALL, FINCHINGFIELD (Col. Sir J ohn Ru ggles -Brise, Bt.). Woodland, roses, herbaceo u s b order s, lake, E lizabethan h ouse. W. of B1 05 7.
FAULKBOURNE HALL (Mf. and Mrs. e. W. O. Park er). E lizabeth an Manor with fine Norman tower. Exten sive beautiful grounds. A cedar tree beli eved t o be the oldest in the Kingdom. Between Witham and Braintree on White Notley road.
SEPTEMBER 1, SUNDAY
HILL PASTURE, BROXTED (Mf. D . H. W a terfield). Be a utiful , large, modern landscape garden. R o ute B 1051 just bel ow jun ction of Dunm ow -Thaxted, E l enham-Thaxted roads.
TERLING PLACE, Near CHELMSFORD (Lord and Lady Ra yleigh). Formal garden of clipped yew, planted wi th ann uals. Lake and swans. Woodland Hou e built 1772, wings added 1818. Bet ween A12 and A13I. Centre of vi ll age. Station Hatfield Peverel. Bu s No. 50.
Gardening Centre Opening by
H.M. Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 12, 1968 IN THE AFTERNOON ADMISSION BY TICKET ONLY
The Gardening Centre at Syon Park, Brentford , London, will be opened by Her Majesty Queen E li za beth, the Queen Mother, on Wednesday, June 12, 1968. All pr oceeds for the day will go to the Gardeners' Ro ya l Benevo lent Societ y and the Gardeners' R oya l Orph a ns Fund.
Admission t o the Openin g Ceremony a nd the grounds 25s
Admission to the Ground s ONLY lOs. (Car Park lOs.).
Application for tickets to: The Secretary, Gardeners ' Ro ya l Benev olent Socie ty, 48, Westminster Palace Gardens, Artillery Row, London, S.W.I.
First Aid coverage will be provided by St. John Ambulance personnel.
OLD EYES FOR NEW
You and thousands more of us - ordinary men and womenmay now give sight to someone who is, at this moment, blind.
Because this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back thdr vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
Eyes of all colours are equally valuable, and it does not matter if you have worn spectacles for years.
If you are not as young as you were, do not feel that your offer will be less valuable. Strangely enough, it will be more so: the eyes of older people are even better for this purpose.
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shall benefit, it is essential that there should be many more willing donors than will ever be called upon.
His Majesty King Hussein of Jordan has donated his eyes to the Order's Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem.
Mark all correspondence "CORNEAL GRAFTING" addressed to: The Director-General, The Royal National Institute for the Blind, 224 Great Portland Street, London, W.l. 32
For details of the I lous e and Membership, please compl e te and return this coupon to THE WARDEN, ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE, LONDON, S.W.I. (UELgravia 2732).
Name Full AJdress
ST. JOHN REVIEW
POSTAL
SUBSCRIPTION FORM
To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John, I Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I.
Please supply j renew* ST. JOHN REVIEW
commencing with the .. ................. .... .......
iss ue 1 enclose 17/- for 1 year
Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order o( St. John.
Name IN BLOCK CAPITALS
Address
*Delete whichever is inapplicable.
FOR
SERVICE
you can best put the principles and practice of the knowledge gained on the First Aid Course into active use by joi ning the ST. JOHN AMBULANCE
Ask at the nearest unit o( the ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE or write to The Chief Staff Officer ST. JOHN AMBULANCE
1 Grosvenor Crescent, London S.W.I Tel: 01-235 5231
FOR
SUPPLIES
of First Aid Manuals, or any teaching book relating to courses organised by the St. John Ambulance. Teaching aids generally include First Aid Film Loops. Uniforms for the St. John Ambulance Brigade, including Badges and Insignia. All First Aid Materials-stretchers, kits, etc.
Write to General Manager ORDER OF ST. JOHN
St. John'S Gate, Clerkenwell, London E.C.J Tel: CLErkenwell 6644
There.s a correct position for every case with
THE WADHAM MULTI-POSTURE STRETCHER TROLLEY
Rugged and strongly built to an entirely new design, the Wad ham Multi-Posture trolley is truly multi-purpose in application. Constructed of aluminium alloy, with retaining bar far securing within a vehicle.
An infinite variety of adjustments cater for all manner of injuries.
All positions securely lockable for safe handling by any hold in rescue and disaster worle
The only trolley with a Postural Drainage position
For use in all forms of transpo rt including aircraft, to move the sick or injwred.
* Rubber diaphragm bed suspension for the single stretcher patient or can form a comfortable seat for four sitting patients.
TWO MODELS: PRICE £128 & £110
Export Orders handled promptly and efficiently. Wadhams ALWAYS deliver on time.
From the Sole Distributors and England's Biggest Ambulance Coach builders WADHAMS
(COACHBUILDERS)
LTD
Hambledon Road, Waterlooville. Hants., England Tel: Waterl00ville 2661 and 2585
How Complan helpsyou helptheelderly
The seventh age of man presents age-old problems. One of these is nutrition-how to keep elderly people properly nourished once their taste and desire for good food has diminished Because Complan is a complete food, containing balanced proportions of all the nutrients needed for complete health, Complan can solve this problem What's more, Complan can solve it ifl @way that's acceptable to the elderly. Why do elderly people resort to flutritionally-poor diets? Poor teeth? No appetite? Can t be bothered? Faddy tastes? Then Com plan is the obvious answer. Compl@n needs no chewing , is very easily digested, takes no longer to make than cocoa, can be served as a drink or used in cook i ng, en @! can be flavobJred sweet or savoury to suit a lii tas t es A cup of Complan daily enriches the protein, energy, vitamin and mineral intake of elderly people, to fortify and balance their <diets without upsetting routine or digestion In times of illness Complan is invaluable Seriously ill patients can be nourished for months on Complan alone. Remember Complan for the eld erly This is the complete food that enriches nutritionally-poor diets in a way old people can accept.
Complanthe complete meal in a cup
5 / - per Ib pack (recom m ended price) Complan is a G trade mark
Glaxo Laboratories Ltd Greenford, Middlesex
DATES FOR YOUR DIARY
The following is a list of events so far arranged :
Young Farmers' Club
Brigade Finals
CHARITY WRESTLING MATCHES
.British Railways, London Transport (Railways) & British Transport Docks & British Transport Police
CADET RALLY
H R.H. The Princess Margaret will " review the troops"
INTERNATIONAL JUBILEE CAMP
H.R.H. TIDe Princess Margaret will visit the International Camp in Swansea which marks the 50th Anniversary of the formation of the Brigade in the Priory for Wales
Gas Industry
Fire Brigades
Natiolilal Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Association
Order of st. John Investiture
General Post Office Ambulance Centre
Order of St. J ohm Investiture
Fairfield Hall, Croydon
ROY AL ALBERT HALL
Queen Mary College, E.! MALVERN, WORCS. SWANSEA
Friends House, Euston Rd., N.W.l
Fire Briga de H.Q., Corporation St., Birmingham, 4 Aberdeen Grand Priory Church
Seymour Hall, W.I Grand Priory Church
HALL, W.l
GRAND PRIOR'S TROPHY COMPETITIONS WHERE Royal Show, Kenilworth
" We are the official Christmas Card suppliers to St. John Ambulance and there s a small exclusive ran ge of design available, overprinted with the wording Proceeds fr om the sale of this ca rd are devoted to St. John Ambulance.' Details available on ap plication ".
t when it comes to fund raising time's getting U short. You can make a lot of money for your favourite charity or good cause by selling Christmas cards and sundry items from the exciting 1968 Webb Ivory range.
No matter what the size of your organisation, Webb Ivory offer the same f1rst-class service-generous profit margins, prompt and efficient attention to orders, bonus payments, exclusive card designs. Don't let Christmas creep up on you, be prepared-take advantage of it. Fill in and post the coupon NOW f?r copies of the new Web.b Ivory Brochures and full details of the Webb Ivory service.
ADDRESS ORGANISATION REPRESENTED
ADDRESS OF YOUR HEADQUARTERS
YOUR OWN POSITION IN THE ORGANISATION
If you areaJreadya custo--nl'eZ;Copy of the brochures will be sent to you automatically
"The Order of St. John" Cuff bimks 22/6
DiFect from "Stares lPept.", St. John's Gate, Landon, Ii.C.1
ADVERTI SEMENTS-CLASSI FlED
with remittance should be sent to T e Dept., 'Fhe St. John "Review," Z3 Perr o brOKe Gan;lens, London, W.8 (to which address repIi s
10 Box should be forwarded). Rate 9d. P H
W(1)1'(:I, .mmlmum lOs. Box numbers 2s. 6d. extra. Tra ci:e adwerhsemcnts Is. per word, minimum ISs.
Semi-d.isplay advertisements in classified section charg e j at one-sixteenth page rate. (Please note copy cannot t a.ccepted after the 17th of the month preceding publicf tlOn dal c.)
Large CaI'3van Trailer First Aid Unit, front and rear entrances Di viding partition. Calor Gas, fitted drawers, sink unit, chemical toilet.-Write Corp3 H.Q. 339, Wakefield Road, Bradford.
RAISE £££'8 FOR YOUR GROUP
CIRCULATION
COMMENT
In spite of the heading the Editor is not trespassing into the medlcal field but referring to the di stri bution of the " Review. "
Although every non-subscribing -member of St. John has not rushed to take out a subscription (while the "Review " was out-of-date this was more than understandable), there has been a steady and encouraging increase in the readership and a no less encouraging decrgase in the numbers of cancellations!
Quol ity vitreous Enamel
• to alilY; shape 0F design.
• Mililimum quafltity fOF flew die en re<:Juest.
• [}esigns J:>roducec;l to custemer's sketch.
Stl"eet Bil"mingbam 18
Edgba"St0m 6404 Badge Makers to the 'Q}rder of
rc es Wept., SG. Jehn's Gate, benClen, E.e.l.
Di sco unt of 5 per cent for three; 7! per cent for si 10 per cent fO.r nine and 15 per cent for twelve insertio n : -other combmations subject to agreement.-Editor. UP TO FOR SALE
DISCOUNT
on branded ' CARPETS
WILTON, AXMINSTER. ORIENTALS, Etc. FREE delivery U K Indian Carpets and Rugs a speciality .' I Expert fitting arr.anged If reqUired. Write stating requirements or for IntroduCtion to showreoms-LONDON or MAIN DODSON-BULL CARPET CO., LTD.
Showrooms 2-4 Little Britain. London E.C.I MON 7171 ( 10 I.n,,$) 83-89 Blackett St Newca tle-upon-Tyne Tel:
Lever
S l.A.B. Badge Wall Shields, 35s. 6d.; SJ.A.B. Go l l Cased Cuff Links, 57s. 6d. Medal ribbons Is. 6c eaGh on buckram. for sewing on uniform, 2:. each rIbbon mounted on pm brooch; Regulation meda l ; mounted 3s. 6d. per medal On brooch Miniature l qu,oted for.-MONTAGUE JEFFERY, Outfitter, S Giles St.reet. Northampton.
IAN CAMPBELL & CO. LTD. OF LONDON tak pleasure in supplying t he Order of St. J 000 wit 1 packaging materials.
SPORTS EVENTS, BAZAARS, GARDEN Send for Catalogue. TROPHY CUPS, FUND '2ALLOON RACES, PERFUME CARDS, F ANC GOODS, TOYS, NOVELTIES CARNIVAL HAT ETC. ALL AT WHOLESALE TRADE PRICES Sa £££s fro m the largest suppliers to R.O.S.T in th eoumtry. Let us quote for your WEEKLY TOTE AN I ) DRAW TICKETS, ETC. WE ARE THE CHEAPES" IN THE TRADE.-SWINNERTONS LTD., Dept. R.O UnIon Street, Walsall. '
ORGANISERS of Bazaars, Fetes and Fund Raisin g, We wekoI?e both personal buyers and mail orders fo Oldr extenSIve ra.r;rge of Toys, Stationery, Christmas Card: LImes at Wholesale Pri Ges Send for o ur Pnce LIstS. Also InternationaUy Distrib iUte d Pre-Selecte Parcels: 144 6d .. Toys OR 72 Is. Toys OR 42 1s. lld , Toys OR Toys 1s. to 5s. lId. OR Selectio n Assorted StatIOnery OR Christmas Cards. Each ParceJ 54s., plus 4s. 6d. postage. Two or llJl@re Parcels 6s postage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (OIffley) LTD., 2a , HandswQrth. iR o ad, LOl'ld0n, N.17.
]LESS 'FRAN .3d. EACJ:I: 144 Conwa y Ball POI.nt Pens dle-s tiamped in with you!'
Bngade. or <?hanty f.@f mn]y 35s. Penci.ls !primteci fOF the same ,nee. !pnmt your slogaN (maximum 30 letters) <lind add 4!s. €id. s1lamdaFd carriage.-.iT. E. THOMAS & SON (CuIDey) LTD., 2a Hamdswortilil Road, L@lildoFl, N.n .
HIGH PROFITS MADE BY OUR -FAST SELLING LlNESCHRISTMAS AND BIRTHDAY CARD PACKS. DECORATIONS. WRAPPINGS. FANCY GIFTS. STATIONERY. TABLEWARE. SEND FOR OUR FREE CATALOGUE LESWYN CARDS, Dept. 18, Union Drive, Boldmere Road, Sutton Coldfield, Warks.
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates accepted at the age of 17 to commence an 18 months course of training as Opbthalmic Students, Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped School of Nursing Successful candidates, on completion may enter the General Training School oE their choice. ComEortable Nurses' Home in Kensington within easy reacb of the Albert Hall. Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tennis Court Active Social Club.
Applications in writing to the Matron.
I MGORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON E.C.I
Va,eancies exist for Sf ATE ENROLLED NURSES to emter for th ,e P0st-Enrolled training In Ophthalmic Nwrsing. Twelve months' course, of which twe months are spent In the School of Nursin,g. Moerfields Certifiealte of Pr;oficiency and Medal awarded to successhJl candidates who are also preJllared for the Profkiency Certificates of the Ophtl:lalmi€ Ntlrsililg Boarcil. OJllPortumides for promotlan anG Jllractlcal responslblUty In the specialist field of nu rsing.
Apply to M!iss M. B. MacKellar, MatraA M00rftielas Eye Hos pital.
The Board of Management, the "Review " Committee and the E ditor wish to express their appreciation to all those who have made such an effort to support the magazine and to assure th€m, in r€turn that every effort will be made to implem€nt readers ' requirements; to effect every possible economy to avoid any rise in subscriptions-although newspapers and journals have had to do this recently ; and to keep the publication on time
Please , however , remember that deadlines must be met and this means your contribution may be " kept on ice" for some months so that it can appear in a suitable issue.
It is regretted that it is almost impossible to return manuscripts or pictures) whether or not a S.a e. is enclosed.
The Editor would like to take this opportunity, too, to thank the many newspapers and journals who supply pictures an d mat€rials free.
INVESTITURES
There seems to be some confusion regarding pictures taken at the Investitures in London.
These fall into two categories: (a) Representatives of the Press who att€nd to cover the newspapers in the areas from which som€ of the recipients come ; (b) the per s onally commissioned pictures which, for convenience sake , the Editor handles, i.e. getting the biographical details , arra ngjng for the photographs and for distribution to newspapers who have not sent a representative. However, in both cases unforeseen accidents (mechanical and human) can happen and there is no guarantee that , whether the official Or the commissioned photographer takes a picture and (c) that it will necessarily appear this is entirely the d ecision of the editor of the newspaper.
My function is to try and get a personal record of the occasion for the people who order a picture fuld to see that these pictures are circulated to their local newspapers. As a matter of interest this entails pr€notification , press release, together with a full list of names, and followed up with fully captioned pictures to papers and journals likely to be interested.
When you are enjoying one of those excellent teas at the Gate I am tearing home to get the captions sorted! I then meet the photographer and the business of sortiflg out an average of 150 pictures starts about 10.30 p.m. Once captioned the majority are posted that nightusually finishing about 2 a.m. This is, of course , the rush pictures for the new spapers Individual prints ord€red take about a week to 10 days to be sent out.
With this in mind I hope future recipients will send in their orders for pictures (with the fee of £1, payable te the Onder when cheques or P O.s are sent), also f ull biographical details well in advanc€.
It is with great regret that I must point out that orders cannot be accepted at the last minute. I would ask the au.thorities · who put forward thei r members for awards to be kind enough to make these facts known. It would save many people from b eing disappoiflted
EDITOR. 3
FORMATION OF ST. JOHN AMBULANCE
1. INTRODUCTION
The proposal for merging the Association and Brigade and the observations which had been received from the Counties w€re considered by Chapter-General on February 28, 1968 .
After taking the many factors into account Chapter-General decided that a single Foundation would be in the best interests of St. John and those it serves. The Director-General and Commissionerin-Chief were accordingly instructed to implement this decision.
Tills Memorandum provides the authority for action to bring about a merger in Counties and guidance on how it might be done. It also includes information on reorganisation at Headquarters.
2. NOMENCLATURE
The single Foundation is to be known as "The St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade, " short title "5t. John Ambulance."
3. HEADQUARTERS
The Head of St. John Ambulance designated the Director-General will be assisted by a Deputy Director-General. One of these two Officers will be charged with the responsibility for the Brigade and will have the additional title of Commissionerin-Chief.
The first holders of these will be:
Director-General-Sir Philip Southwell, C.B.E., M.C.
Deputy Director-General and Commissioner-inChief-Lieut. -General Sir William Pike, K C.B., C.B.E., D.S.O.
The Headquarters organisation to be established is outlined at Appendix A
4. COUNTIES
The pattern of work and local circumstances in the Counties varies widely, and an organisation to suit eme may not be suitable elsewhere. For this yeason a hard and fast County organisation will not be prescribed by Headquarters although a degree of uniformity is desirable and necessary .
Chapter-General do not want Counties forced into merging before they feel they are ready for it. We hope Counties will, in fact, decide to merge fairly soon, but we shall not press it.
Counties should therefore draw up threi r own plans fOf lIUerging, c@ve 'li[ng orga:nisatiofl, no m enclature and timing, and submit these for OhlHI' approval well before the date proposed fOt' merging. We hope that the majority will be able to let us have these plans by St. J ohu's Day 1968, and in 6
the case of those merging soon would welcome a recommendation on who it is considered should be the Head of St. John Ambulance in the County.
5. ST. JOHN COUNCILS
It is hoped that St. John Councils in the Counties will be able to help the merger in many ways, and Association Directors and Commissioners should take full advantage of their advice and influence .
No change in the functions and scope of Councils is envisaged , although it may be more desirable in due course for them to have only one Vice-Chairman.
6.
PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS
No change is seen in the part played by Presidents in the life of the Association and Brigade. There is, however , generally no Presidential appointment at County level on the A ssociation side at the moment, and this would seem de sirable if the County Headq uarters is to be fully representative. We should therefore welcome your views on this point and would be grateful if you would discuss it with your Presidents.
7. COUNTY HEADQUARTERS
Many Counties already use joint Headquarters premises often shared with St. John Councils This should be the ultimate aim everywhere at all level s and cover also the joint use of equipment.
8. HEADQUARTERS COMMITTEES
The Association, Brigade, Women's Advisory and Cadet Advisory Committees will continue in their present capacities, although in the light of experience some modification in the composition of these may be desirable.
9. CORRESPONDENCE
It will in future be sufficient to address correspondence to "H.Q St. John Ambulance" and it will be for the staff to see that your letters reach the B'fanch responsible for action. This, of course, is im no way intended to prohibit writing personally to individual Officers at the Headquarters and it is hoped this long-standing practice will be continued when appropriate or desired.
10. OVERSEAS
Whether the Association and :Brigade overseas decide to merge :is a matter for St. John authorities in eacla cOl.!U!lury to decide f OIF themselves. Many already have a large measure of amalgamation and from comments received by the Order on the present proposals it seems that others may wish to adopt this also
Formation of St. John Ambulance-cont. from page 6 11. CONCLUSION
We both believe that the present step is a right one and we know we can rely on your full cooperation to implement Chapter-qeneral's decision in your County in the way best SUIted to your local req uiremen ts.
One point which has. been J?ade before. but which it is desirable to reIterate IS that there IS no question of a takeover by one Foyndation of other either at Headquarters or 111 the CountIes.
The of the separate Foundations in the. past has been maonificent and we see through umfication increased strength and even greater efficiency for the future.
There will be various instructions and amendments to certain of the present procedures will have to be made in the months ahead. We WIll try to ensure that these a!re restricted to what is necessary and will be grateful for yOUJi' advice at any time o.n matters requiring attention in: this way .
n
Signed by the The ,Deputy Director· General and CommisSlOner-ll1-Chief. (Colltinued on page 26) 7
EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN HER LIFE IN PICTURES
Compiled and Edited by Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock S lIrerintenden t -in-Ch ief, st. John Ambulance Brigade 7s. 6d. each, 7s. each orders for ten or over (postage extra in each case) Edwina Mountbatten Book. 1 Grosvenor Crescent. London, S.W.l Telephone: 01-235 5231
LONDON DIS:rRICT FINAL COMPETITIONS
G. H. PIRIE, Commission e r L d gr eetmg SIR PERCY RUGG Th e Rt H on on Chmrman of th e Gr e ater London .. attended the lu nc h eon at Barri ngton House before se'ein som e of th e tests and th e n presenting the trophies. g John Warburton
BATTERSEA '
PictLIJre shows
Two m em bers o{ the Batt ersea (131) Nursing Di vis io tea. m who were placed third, D / 0 Miss Mabel E M::"tin Mzss Pamela Miss Brenda Taplin and Jan et' zs s tartzn g her training at Sutton S?tember: The winners, who also cap tUl· ed e n wz f/,!-zform Cups again, were 91 Pal me rs N Qreey}- Dt vtszon an.d Ru nne rs-up 22 H arrow ursmg DWZSZO Trl Jloh o WaFburton 8
GRAYS TEAM PULL IT OFF AGAIN
MEMBERS OF THE 73 Grays Ambulance Di1 ision ha ve every r eason to.loc: k pleased. W inners again of th e Dzstrzct Cha,mpiol1ship, also th e Indi v idu al T ro ph y (Brtan Spence) The team. l ed by.D/O. Frank Pri ce-four are Grand Przor Badge h o lde rs-a re A / Ms J an Vander Schans, f an Giles, Brian Spence and Paul B oat man. John \Varbunon
HITHER GREEN
AM BULANCE CADET CHAMPIONS-I02 Hith e r Green Di vis ion. ( Rig ht) : Cdt. Ldr. Dav id Ethe rid ge, Sgt. Graham Hambly , Cpl. Rob e rt But c h e r (all Grand Pri or Badge ho lders), Cdts. Alasta ir Smith (1967 winne r of the Indil idua l trophy), and Rese rve A lan Butcher. Special congrat ulati o ns to thi s team which was one of the younges t il1 the contest.
J obn Warbunon
EDMONTON A.C.
D/S/O "Nobby" Clark demonstrating one of th e latest trainin g devices "An at omical Annie" on s ho w at the Finals, which combines Mouth-to -Mouth r esuscitation with ex te rnal ca rdiac massage, to members of th e Edmonton A.C Di v isi on, Cpl. G. S. Holm es and Cadets R. T. Smith, C O gden, K. W. Gould and S J Sh irl ey Th ey were plac ed fourth in the com p etitions which were won by 102 Hith er Green and Runn e rs-up 39 Harr ow A .C. Di v ision. The Indi v idua l Cup went to Vincent Green of Harro w .
John Warburton
WILLESDEN AMBULANCE DIVISION
193 HAMPSTEAD GARDEN SUBURB N C. DIVISION IN ACTION (Left). They came fourth in the Finals Th e winners we re 136 Brixton with Runners-up 15 Harrow. Pi cture shows: Cpl. Susan Clarke, / Cs. E li zabeth Pr octor, Carole Bi les, Karen R ookwood
John Warburton
See also page 28
Thirty-years' Service with the AA-Gold Award
P ATR OLMAN M R JAMES NAISH received a gold watch in recognition of 30 yea rs' service. (Left to right): Mr Naish , Mr. R. L. Summ,ers (controller, Western Region), and Mr. A S. Davies ( Area Manage r). Mr. Naish has b ee n connected with St John fo r over twenty years keeping h s know l edge of F i rst A id tho r oughly u p -to -date.
Divisional Superintendent
W. Gover Retires
AFTNR THI R TY YEARS' SE R VICE in St. John, Mr. Gover has r ecentl y r esigned as S u pgrintendent of the Colyton and District Divis:'on. In recognition of his services he was presented with a gold watch by Dr. A. A. Maclean. The gift was subscribed to b y his many friends and colleagues. Express and Echo
B.E.M. for Mr. David Rodgers-W. R. York s. LORD SCA R BROUGH, Lord Li e utenant , W es t Riding, pres e nted Mr. Rodgers, on behalf of H.M. The Que e n , with the British Emp i r e M e dal for se r v ices to St. J ohn Ambulanc e du ring his 47 years at the Park Gate Iron & Steel works as a first aide r Mr. f Wadsworth, managing
e Bri gade for fll'e years), r eceived h is Grand Pr io r 's Ba dge f r
th e D eputy -May o r , Councillor Frank John so n, w hi l e D IS Ja c k. H ewi tt watches.
BANKING THE BEQUEATHED EYE
By P. D. Trevor-Roper, F.R.C.S., Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon Westminster Hospital and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London
By courtesy of the Author
Most people have heard about corneal grafting and know how the cornea, almost alone among tissues of- the body, can be transplanted into another eye of the same species and still remain alive and optically clear; so that, if the sight is lost through scarring of the cornea, a new clear cornea can be inserted to restore vision and make the blind eye see again. Indeed, the whole performance is "out of the ordinary"; starting with the rather macabre plucking of the eye from a body within a few hours of death, the dynamic organisation necessary to ensure the eye reaching a hospital where a suitable patient is ready for operation,- the intricacies of the operaticn itself, when over a dozen barely-visible sutures seal the graft into place, culminating with the drama of a sightless eye recovering its vision-such an operation could hardly fail to attract interest in the world at large. And new indications and new techniques are constantly being found to give the operation an ever-widening scope, so that in the major ophthalmic units of Great Britain more and m.or€ grafts are being performed each year.
From the outset, the great impediment has been the difficulty in obtaining an adequate supply of donor eyes, and our timid legislation has hindered rather than helped.
We have done our best by propaganda to persuade people to bequeath their eyes after death, and forms of bequest are available (from the Royal National Institute for the Blind) in which this generous intent can be recorded. But the trouble is that the bequeathers rarely die within a short time in a hospital where removal would be easy. They die many years later, when their wish has been forgotten by their grieving relatives, and the doctor in attendance, although perhaps willing to take on this not-very-agreeable task of excising the eyes just after death, will probably not know where to send them, and the local hospital may seem equally unable or unwilling to help. So in fact, the vast majority of eyes we can hope to receive must come from patients dying in those larger hospitals or institutions where the nursing staff are familiar with the problem and are enthusiastic to help. Even then the eyes can be removed only if the patient's relatives or executors agree. This does not mean that the propaganda to seek bequests of eyes is unnecessary or fruitless, but that the bequeather must realise that in the vast majority of cases it will remain only a selfless gesture; yet the bequeathal and the accompanying (Continued on page 22)
OF THE Hit chin Ambulance Di vis ion , Cou.ncillor W A Hill , Di v ision with a n ew flag on behalf of th e Di vision at a ceremony held 1I1 Aprtl at w zc 1 t. J' AI .thur Goring Assistant Commissioner-in-Chief was special guest. The guecs
omlnLsszoner b y Superintendent P. J. Pla ye r an t e re p
y , for H ertfordshire Hilchin and Lelcbwonb Pictorial
Spr owton Nursing Cadets Flags dedicated
THE REVEREND A COLDWELLS, Pr esiden t of th e Di v ision , dedicated two flags: shows· The R ev A. coldwells, Kathleen Tarpy (Flag B e ar e r), Miss M. M N JOlnNes'CDDIVISCIO::;ts N 2 N CD (Back)· D / O Mrs J Cooper, Sprowton o. Off Lcer A/S / 0 Mrs. D H a;"';ld , Sandra Bullock and Frances Fanning C /S /0 (cadets) A. A en roll ed five new cadets and four juniors in No.1 Di vision and one JunIOr zn No.2 DzvlslOn.
DONOR EYE in container being remo ve d from transport box; central compartment contains a poly thene bag filled with ice cubes.
(Above) Dens e cornea! scar awaiting grafting and (below) corneal graft in place.
Hitchin Adult Division presents Cadets with New Flag
(Ri g ht): MRS. A. A. ETTRIDGE (C ounty Secretary), demonstrating b.andagin g o n fdr. Ra y m ond Frampton , field of fice r Ministr y of Agriculture at the Nor/ o lk School of Agriculture. R esuscita tion was also demonstrat e d.
FIRST AID ON FARMS
MR. P. J . HIGGS,
MEMBERS
RESUSCI BABY
A lifelike normal si ze d ba by fo r
nts.
Resusci Ba by, lik e R es usci-Anne , ca n be use d to teach r o uth-to -mouth resuscitation. It is nece ssary to correctly 1 head tilt method or it is impo ssi ble to infl a te e lungs. Trainee lear ns th a t in fa nt s requIre only small I J ffs o f a ir fro m the re cuer 's cheek 20 t o 30 times a lin ute. Some feature or Re usc i Ba b y are:
NATURAL SKIN MOV ABLE HEAD
MOV ABLE ARMS AND LEGS
REALISTIC WEIGHT
I n a dditi o n to the se feat ur e R es usci Baby will al so
show gastric extension sho uld excessive pres su re be u se d for infl ation .
Re susci Baby ca n al so be u sed to te ach cardiopulmona ry resuscitation of the infa nt. The tr a inee learns to u se only the tips of the index and middl e finger over the mid sternum to give Eee at a rate of 100 time s a minute
R es u sci B a by is packed complet e in a case as sh ow n , that m easures 21 b y 12 by 6in : a nd 'Weighs approx. 12 lb Also included is a d evice for complete sanitation of Re su sc i Ba b y.
INTUBATION MODEL
There are many ins tances in an emergency situation where intubation is indicated. Resusci Intubation Model has been designed to give the trainee a feeling of realism when they are leaming the technique of intubation. Res usci Intubation Model has taken over four y ears to develop.
It has been tested b y the world 's leading authorities in the field of anesthesiology who consider it a major breakthrough in the training of qualified personnel in medicine and para medical field s .
ANATOMIC ANNE
AUDIOaVISUAL AIDS
THE RANK ALDIS TUTOR 1000
(Above). THE TUTOR is cool running and quiet in operati@n. It can b e quickl y adapted to accommodat e filmstrips in both standard format or 2in. by 2in. slides. Size 14in. by lOtin. by 7in. , weight 14lb. 80z A I C mains only (100 volts and dual voltag e models a v ailabl e t o special order). Price from £33 lOs.
SOUND SERVICES
(Not illustrated) HAVE PRODUCED €II n e w 8mm. Loo]3 Projector. With a simple workshop modification it will accept Super 8mm. cass e ttes. THD Proj e ctor, price £87 lOs. is expected to g iv e a long awaited imp e tus to the widespread use of 8mm. loop films 16
RANK AUDIO VISUAL LIMITED
(Above) TECHNICOLOR 600ED 8ml17. R e ar Pr o jec t
IfoC UJ for stoppin g and holdin g a film at an y tim e . Can b e u se d for da y li g ht v ie wing and will a cce pt all s tandard 8ml11 loop film in technicolor cass e tt es
RANK ALDIS TUTOR 1000
(Below). WITH AUTOMATIC filmstrip atta c hm e nt This unit is designed so that it can b e rapidl y int e rc han ge d with normal c arri e rs of standard 35111m. filmstrips. Pr ess -button control.
A training manikin that visually shows circulation of blood and inflation of lungs during correct performance of CPR.
ANATOMIC ANNE
This model has been constructed, like her predecessor, "Resusci-Anne," to simulate human breathing and simulate blood flow. She only works when correct resuscitation methods are applied. The training value of this model is , therefore, obvious.
AIRWAY OPENED
By tilting the head backwards until simulated lungs can be ventilated.
BREATHING RESTORED
By correct application of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
CIRCULATION
The External Cardiac attachment demonstrates when correct pressure is exerted and circulation rest.ored. l 1 in. to 2in. depression on the lower sternum (60 times per minute), can supply sufficient volume of blood- you can see at once if you are likely to save a life by the training you have taken.
Enquiries to Visual Aids Secretary, 1, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.!, or the General Managel', St. John Stores Department. (It is hoped to publish a further section on h'aining aids in the September and subsequent issues.) 17
LOOK LISTEN LEARN
CAMERA TALKS "FIRST AID FOR ROAD USERS"
A still from the colour filmstrip produced in co njunction with the teachin g organisations (see June issue). Quite apart from the excellent clo se-ups of correct treatment, this filmstrip highlights certain important points. How to give clear information to Police, Ambulance or Fire Briga de. H ow to "jack-up" a vehicle when someone is trapped underneath. How to break the windscreen to release victim s and the necessary safety precautions.
Lecturers are busy people and these teaching aids include full n otes .
Today we cannot afford to be without the nece ssa r y "arms ." At one time projectors, films and other training aids were considered to be a lu x ury . Now, with the pressures on time and space, they are a must, if standards of training are t o be maintained and progress achieved.
Full details from the Secretary , Visual Aid s, S t. John Ambulance, 1, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I.
R EA R-ADMIRA L S. MILES describ ing an Austra li an
n equ ipm en t w h ic h has a co ntr o l pressu r e for in fan t o r adult as well as a pLlshbullon m ec hanism on the ma sk to co ntr o l the sup pL y of oxygen. In co rp o rated 111 th e s lIppl y h ose is a manuall y ope r ated bellows fo r g ivin g air with o r w ith o ut oxvoe n. It was o n e of th e featu r es of th e Pl y m ou th , S.W. D e l'o n and E. Corn -
wall Stud" Da v at th e Royal Na l'a l H ospi tal Stone h o us e, at w hi c h an ex tr eme ly va ri ed and insi ru c til' e prog r amm e was carried o ut. It is h o p ed t o pub li s h a synops is of a l ec tur e by Dr G. R. S t eed, M.D., F. R. C. P. on " Di abe t es" in a for th co min g issue.
WeSl e rn Morning New
SPECIAL FACILITIES FOR THE DISABLED
GUARD MOUNTING AT BUCKINGHAM PALACE
A suggestio n th a t di sa bled pe ople should be a ll o wed to watch the Chan gin g of the Guard from inside the Forecourt of Buckingham Palace ha s been graci o usly approved by the Queen.
In th a nking the Ma ster of the H ousehold for thi s informati o n, the Administrator of the Central Council fo r the Di sa bled sa id , " M ay I ask that the g reat gra titud e of the Centr a l Council and of the di sa bl ed whom it serv es m ay be co nve yed to Her Majesty the Queen for gra cio usly agreeing that physica lly h and ic apped people may watch Guard M o untin g from inside the Foreco urt at Buckin gham Palace? This is indeed a welcome privilege which will be greatly appreciated and which the Council will forthwith m a ke known to tho se wh o 19
ma y now enjoy it."
Guard Mounting at Buckingham Palace takes place every day (including Sundays) at 11.30 a.m. Individuals (or parties arranged by an organisation concerned with the disabled) should write in advance to:
The Master of the Household Buckingham Palace London, S.W.1
giving the date on which they wish to come and the size of the party.
Further enquiries to Mr. D. Walker: Phone CHAncery 7632.
SURGEON
C-IN-C IN HANTS
Commissioner-in-Chief in Hampshire
MR. & MRS. LESLIE BOITING (he is Comm,issione r, Northern Area) were marrie d la st Octob e r and a wedding gif t from the A rea ot a telephone seat and t ab l e w e re prese nted to him, b y th e C -in-C ., Li eu t-G e neral Sir William P ike, at a ce remony attend ed by ov e r 100 Brigad e members. Also pr ese nt were the Mayor and Mayor ess of A ld e rs h ot, C llr and Mrs. Richard Scott , the Commissioner for Hampshir e, Brig adi e r B. W. W e bb-Carte r and t.he Farnborough Coun cil Chainnan , Mr. J. D eben ham. Ald e rshot News
HERTFORDSHIRE
New President of Welwyn & Codicote Combined Division
LADY. succeeqs her l ate husband as Pr esident and receives h er wa rran t from the CC?m.mlsszon e r, H ertfordslure, Mr. L. R. N Per cey. (Left to right): Mrs. P ercey, t.he Commzsszoner , Dr. I. D. Morton., Lad y Bro cket, the Hon. Da vid Na ll-C ain and Mr E. C. Camp Dr. Morton received his wa rrant as Vice-President. W e lwyn Times and Hatfie ld Herald
Leverhulme Trophy
Bristol Annual Parade
THE C OM M ISSION E R-I N -CHlEF inspecting at Monks Par k School during the annual parade of adult and cade t Dl vlszons It was a great pit y that th e even t had to be held indoo rs due to bad weather H owever, was a f?ood attendance and, although very mu ch c rowded, there was room fOl reLaTives and f ri ends Evemng Post
THE OFFERTON AND GREAT MOO R NURSING won the trC?phy which is awarded annually to the Ambulance or Nursi n g Di vision in Cheshlre f o !' the all-round efficiency. The presentation was made by M rs c, .. and accepted by Mrs. S. B ot trill on be hal f of the DI Vlszon ThIS IS the tho'd they .'W1 e been. successflli. and they recently also ca rri ed off the I ngham, Cup /01' nUl?:bel of new members in. one year (L eft to r ight): D IS. Mrs. S. Bottrzll, Comm.lsslonel.to! Ch e.sI1lle, Dr. O. P. Edmonds, Cllr. J. B e rge r Mayor of Stockport, and Cou nt y Vice -Pr eSident M I S. G. Lawrence.
Darwen Ambulance Cadet Team completed a hat-trick for di visions in the Duke of Lancaster's District First Aid Finals as the Ambulance and Nursing Teams had alrfiady been successful in their sections. (L e ft to right): Cadet L. Moran , Sgt. G. K. Rushworth, Cpl. P.lreland, Sgt. M. Howard. Front: G. Ta y l o r (with forei g n body in e y e).
LANCS. DARWEN
FIRST AID HAT-TRICK
Banking the Bequeathed Eye-cont. from page 12 discussion will surely make it easier for a person, when death in hospital is imminent, to propose (or at any rate to accept the ward sister's suggestion), that the eyes might be taken for a sightre£toring graft.
The pity is that these donor eyes, obtained with such difficulty, usually go to waste, because the eye must not only be removed within a few hours of death, but it must be kept at near-freezing point thereafter and used within two to three days if the subsequent graft is to remain clear. So within the last decade a number of "eye-banks" have been especially in Amer ica, which try to achieve at rapid collection and distribution of this precious and short-lived donor material; and by the efficient use of air transport and a wellendowed central notifying service, this wastage has been minimised, although far from abolished. Happily, this particular problem is now being solved, since in 1965 a way was devised in the ophthalmic department of Westminster of so protecting the fragile cOFneal endothelial cells that they co.uld survive freezing to. a£ ](0W as - 196 0l eg. Centigrade, at which temperature (that of liquid air) th€y can probably be kept for years without deterioration and still yield a clear graft when
re-thawed. This technique, once it has been standardised, should prevent the wastage of eyes which reach the collecting centre and for which there is no immediate surgical need. For those under-developed countries, particularly in the Far East and Africa, where so large a proportion of the blind could be given useful sight by a single graft, this deep-freezing technique will permit the esta blishment of true eye-banks, ra ther than quick-distributing centres, which is all that we have today.
At present a deep-freezing eye-bank is functioning at Westminster Hospital, in conjunction with a research unit investigating methods of eye-storage (under the wing of the Medical Research Council), and this bank is also supported by personnel from Moorfields Eye Hospital. So, in future, the Westminster-Moorfields eye bank should be able to satisfy the needs of Our metropolis, lea ving scattered smaller provincial eyebanks to cope with local demands. And then those eyes which reach us that are not required for immediate use elsewhere, will be stored, ready for use in Britain, when no fresh eye is available, or for despatch overseas where the need for grafting material is so vast and the present supply so inadequate
LONDON DISTRICT
FIRST AID TRAINING! A WASTE OF TIME?
By Corps Supt. T. Hope, S.R.N., South East Durham Corps, Durham County S.J.A.B.
Many members of the St. John Ambulance Brigad€ must be left utterly frustrated, asking themselves whether their efforts to become proficient in First Aid and Nursing are really worth while. Was it just to become proficient in competition work, or even to attend to the odd cut finger while on public duty? Not a very exciting prospect and, in my opinion, not enough to hold the int€rest of the younger generation.
We can make 'a parallel of this frustration with that of the Boy Scout dragging an old lady across the road as his good deed for the day, only to learn she didn't want to cross.
I am not suggesting we make our own casualties, but do we need to? Just pick up the local newspaper and you will find reports of accidents occurring in your own village or town! Were you called to help? The local doctor is called out from a busy surgery to deal with minor accidents which any St. John member could have coped with.
Visit your local hospital and you will find the Casualty Department oveIloaded with minor accidents which did not require hospital treatment and yet if these accidents had occurred at a place where the Brigade had informed members on public duty, casualties would have quite happily sought their assistance.
Do the general public only value the service of the St. John Ambulance Brigade when they are in uniform and on public duty? The value of this large, well-trained, voluntary army is recognised by Government in time of war-why not in time of peace when casualty figures sometimes exceeds those of a war.
Almost weekly disasters Occur on someone's doorstep. Just think of the recent train, bus and air disasters. Did we play an organised, recognisable part in the First Aid work which was needed? We were needed; why weren't we there in force? I have no doubt a number of Brigade men and women were in attendance, but not as an organised force fitting into a pattern with the Police force, Fire Service and hospitals.
I suggest we need not so much. a new look or a , new .Book but a more positive approach to the 24
objects of the Brigade, and, in particular, to that which refers to National Disasters.
We must fit in with the Emergency Services and be part of the organisation brought into action in event of a major accident or disaster. For this we need special training, such as exercises with the Police and Fire Service under realistic conditions. We must make ourselves known to the public by metal plates (available from Stores) fixed to our doors; by wearing blazers and other badges; by publicising our work and talking to the many local organisations who are simply screaming for speakers.
It is especially important with the disbandment of Civil Defence .for the St John Ambulance Brigade to fill the vacuum so created.
It would be unrealistic to suggest the Brigade members be on permanent standby duties in case of a call, and yet what Brigade member wouldn't go running to help if called!
I realise the vast majority of Brigade members have to work for a livin g, but not for 24 hours per day. We could, by a knock on the door , be summoned to help a neighbour in distress! We could, by a news flash on radio or television, be summoned to report to the nearest Police Station with our ready packed First Aid bag . We could be ready to support such a scheme as is in existence in Yorkshire, where general practitioners in radio cars are called to accidents. How much easier would be their task with sk illed Brigade members to help. Surely a rota of Ambulance Brigade members would supply this help.
This should be our function in this speed age in addition to our long and well established tasks. working in close liaison with the Police, Fire and Ambulance Service on exercises and the real thing.
Then our Brigade members would have a real purpose to train a nd strive to reach the high standard the St. John Ambulance Brigade expects of its members.
With such an First Aid would not be a waste of time nor, I predict, would we lose so many members.
IS IT RIGHT TO GIVE A MAN A NEW HEART?
HARLEY WILLIAMS, M.D., Editor "HEALTH"
The public is perplexed c;livided by heart transplantation. :Proressor Barnard has done something in surgery which has never been done before. There will certainly be more heart transplantations, and also transplants of lung and liver. We shall get used to the idea that human organs can be taken ?ut of a dead body (or even possibly from an ammal) and sewn dexterously into an individual who, for some good reason, needs healthy organ tissue.
Sixty years ago when, Edward VII had an operation for appendIcItIs, people thought t:b e end of the world had come. That was the ning of abdominal surgery. Today, operations are commonplace. The same WIth bram surgery and operations on the thorax. Now we have extraordinary extension of surgery, the removal of a whole organ and putting it in a new place.
Many sensible and logical pe ople object .to this procedure on religious gr<:lUnds. Others, accepting that it may be deSIrable, do ,n ot qUIte know how it is to be done, so as to aVOld off.ence to the living. There is, for the dehcate problem of knowing when a man IS actually.dead. The surgeon who is going to the heart m.to a new individual is naturally anxIOUS to ha,:e It as early as possible. The public fears there WIll be a temptation to remove heart a person who is not quite dead-m the ordmary, accepted, human sense.
These things are worrying peopl.e who are not particularly squeamish, not r ehgIOus, and are quite prepared to welcome medIcal progress.
The actual technical process of sewing in a n.ew heart is simple, for the trained surgeon. ConnectIng up the great blood in order, ing the organ in the nght rosltIon-all thIS IS comparatively easy for the tramed craftsman who has an experienced theatre team.
Although the public may not fully the marvellous technical dexterity that IS reqUIred - they trust the surgeon, at his own But when we come to the "ethical" or moral SIde of organ transplantation, the public feels less secure.
We welcome the Minister- of Health's decision to appoint a committee to discuss precisely these 25
ethical and moral problems. Its chail1l!an is the eminent gynaecologist of Glasgow, SIT Hector MacLennan. Nothing but good can come from these deliberations.
In this magazine (December .we mended the establishment of a uillverSlty chaIT of medical ethics. In fact, this subject, so well worthy of academic study, is gravely neglected: The dilemma now being aired in the newspapers IS only one instance of the many ethical problems that every doctor has to face. Most of these are solved by rule of thumb methods .. We need a more systematic study of subject to answer question, "Is it right to gIVe a man a new heart?
We may say, "Yes, it is right-if you do it in the right way."
R e print ed b y cou rt e sy of the Ed i to r,
BY - THE - WAY
Please address all correspondence (except money) to the Editor (name and address on pag.e 5). All matters requiring attention are automatically referred to (a) the ' lZeview " Management or (b) the "Review" Committee, so your complaInts or satisfaction with the journal are placed before the appropriate authorities.
With reference to the June " S.O.S. " I was delio-hted with the Area P.R.O. S.W. Area, London District, Mrs. Joan Lafferty'S which ended "Incidentally, while I am wntIng, I was touched by your note in the " Review" about to send out 'badly typed and badly notes. 'If it is any help, I have a Gestetner here at home and could possibly by se?d;n:g out 'badly typed, badly spelt duplIcated COpIes if you are really stuck."
Thank yo u, Mrs. Lafferty, as I in my P:C., your contributions are always a tomc. I certainly need one.-Editor.
BRANCH OR DEPARTMENT RESPONSIBILITIES and C('m'lmissioner-im- Policy Chief Secretariat Co-ordination
Advis0rY Group
Association Branch
A
PRINCIPAL COMMITTEES SENIOR APPOINTMENTS
Headquarters Board, members of which Dire@tor-General-Sir Philip Southwell a Fe the Heads orE laranohes
Deputy Director-General and CommisSir William P-'ike
Cbti.ef Seclietaliy-BrigatdieF A. D. Miller
To examine and advise on speciroe matters as may be required by the DirectorGeneral and Commissioner-in-Cbief Classes and examinations policy Liaison with industry Competitions
Preparation and composition of Manuals rEor First Aid and allied sUlDjects
Association Committee
(a) Development-Lt.-Gen. Sir Alexander Drummond
(b) OrgaNisation-Mr. C. Rees Jenkins
Director-Sir David Wilkinson
Principal Medical H. C. Stewart
SecIetary-Lt.-Col. J. E. F.
Assistant Secretary-Mr. J. F. G. Coles N 0\ 13rigade Branch The organisation, training and admin- Brigade Committee
Commissio'ner- in -ChiefLt.-Gen. Sir William Pike istration of the Brigade Women's Advisory Committee Cadet Advisory Committee
Superintendent-in-ChiefMarjorie, Countess of Brecknock
Surgeon-in-Chief-Dr. M. M. Scott
Deputy Commissioner-in-ChiefRear-Admiral R. S. Wellby
De,puty Superintendent-in-ChiefLady Moyra Elrowne
Assistan t Commissioner-in-ChietLt.-Col. Arthur Goring
Chief Nursing OfficerDame Barbara Cozens
Chief Staff OfficerWing COmInander I. Fazan
Principal Administrative Officer (N}-Miss M. Watson
Chief Officer for Cadets-Miss P. N. Morison Overseas
Hilton Poynton
Assistant Director- Colonel W. L. R.
Benyon Overseas-Mrs. E. Gurteen
Chairman Medic al BoardProfessor Sir Hedley Atkins, P.R.C.S.
Medical Branch: The P.M.O., Surgeonin-Chief and C.N.O. jointly 'COnduct the activities of the Branch under the direction of the Chairman of the Medical Board (which includes the Hospitaller and ex-officio members. to be appoinfed). A panel of leadmg specialists is also maintained from whom advice can be obtained when required
Secretary- Mr J. G. F. Coles
Chairman - Lady Trafgarne
Registrar-My. G W. Woodhill
1. Public Relations ConsultantColonel R. Hornby Press Secretary-Miss R. O ' Connor
2. Secretary- Mr. J. F. G. Coles
3. Chairman - Marjorie, Countess of B recknock
Edito r- Mrs. H. Richards
MINISTRY OF TECHNOLOGY AMBULANCE CENTRE
NATIONAL FIRST AID COMPETI"fIONS, 1968
MEN
Champjonship Tr.ophy: R.O.F. Burghfield. Best Pairs Cup: Nos. 1 and 3 of R.O.F. Burghfield. WOMEN
Championship Trophy: DD/Acsl Liverpool. Best Pairs Cup: Nos. 1 and 3 of DD / Acsl Liverpool.
Sir Philip Southwell
St. J ohn tion), presided at the presentation ceremony. Dr. ] eremy Bray, M.P. (J ?ll1t Secretary to the Minister of Technology), presented the trophies and mdlvldual plaques.
APPEALS CORNER
COLONEL W. L. R. BENYON - APPEALS ORGANISER
There is never a dull moment in the Appeals world: either we are juggling with dates to catch people and places together or we are sitting back conjuring good ideas out of the air. Sometimes we are doing both these things at once and on occasions with both hands at the same time, metaphorically speaking. We are doing this now and please note these dates in your diaries.
June 24
Launching party for the "TARA Ball"
This is of course by invitation only and is primarily for the Press. But the visitors to the Grand Priors Advisory Council have accepted, so there will be ,four Priors and four Chancellors; surely a gathering of rare distinction. In addition there will be the Leaders of the Junior Committee including the cream of this year's debutantes and, it is hoped, a hand picked selection of Starlets from M.G.M
July 11
Professional Wrestling at the Royal Albert HaIl, in presence of H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh.
Tickets are selling well, so do not wait too long in making !,!p your party. (See page opposite.)
October 3
The 6'TARA" BalI we referred to last month will now be held at the Hurlingham Club.
PLEASE NOTE CHANGE OF DATE.
We are hoping to get 750 people and a rather
special "personal appearance." May we again ask you for raffle and tom bola prizes: we can never have too many.
October 22
A lunch at the Mansion House at which the Rt. Hon. the Lord Mayor of London, Sir Gilbert Inglefield, has very kindly consented to speak. This also will be by invitation, but please tell your influential City friends so that those who are anxious to attend can be sent an invitati on. Tickets will be 4 gns
This month we have no results to publish but as you see there will be plenty to tell you about in the month s to come. In future, we hope to publish a complete list of winners of prizes in raffl es.
Since publishing the last list we have received the following donation:
Doncaster Racecourse £25.
It is difficult indeed to adequately express our gratitude for their generosity.
"GIMMICK"
Our "gimmick" this time comes from Surrey. You get someone to donate or sell you cheaply a rather special prize. You then sell a very few very expensive tickets in a limited draw for it. Supposing you get a motor car for £500, you might sell 100 tickets at £10. Someone gets a car for £10 only with the odds as low as 100 to 1: you make £500 at least.
Let us know if it works.
Runners-up and winners of the Uniform trophies in the london District Finals.
D / S L. Zoller; M r. S. Halliwell; Mr. H. Whitlock; Mr. H. Newbury and R eserve Mr. G. Maynard. In a picture sen t in ea rli er this yea r th e Division is shown with th e awards they won during 1967-a magnijice;7t ctrray. Congratulations to them -t h ey must keep th e rest oj W este rn Area on th eir "com,pe tit ion-toes " J ohn Warburton
IN AID OF THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE
Dale Martin Promotions Ltd.-present
A GREAT ROYAL
WRESTLING TOURNAMENT
in the presence of H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh at the Royal Albert Hall
Mr. Phyfers, of Folkestone, has a ttention to two errors in the May Crossword, for whlch the EdItor apologises, but being a dunde rhea d she has to. rely on solutions provided! As Mr. Phyfers rightly POllltS out, however, if the words were correctly spelt they would not fit. For the record 21 Down should be spelt MELAENA an d 17 Across LEAPS. Apologies.
During the ruent ri0ts, €x<0ept fO f the necessar y restrictions enforced in these circumstances , the actual disturbances were more or less limited to the border country and therefore did not affect the area in whichl hospital is situated, but some of the police injured flown in by helicopter ud in the hospital.
. Last year, however. the floods were a very different story which Mi ss Goldthorpe tells below.
It was June 11, and after t en day s of constant rainfall, the earth, heavy with water, gave up the Thunder cracked and lightning lit the scenes of growing chaos. The road s split and s.hifted, gatIiered :momentum, colleeted ro cks and mud, mol swept down the hill$icles, taking trees, walls and cars with them. Metal was torn and twisted as if tin, more cars were picked up in the ava1anche, and came to a halt on level ground, bl0ckimg mam arteries to and from the city. The islan01 woke to a hushed, changed landscape, deep scars d0wn the Peak, the harb our waters lapping into the City Hall anl9l washing @ver the wall onto the waterfront. Mmd oozing over everything, clegging the drams, pavement stones lifted and broken, houses in danger of ce.>liapse, pipes exposed, and two umbelievable heaps of over a hundred cars crushed, one on top of another, and still the rain, gently now, but
The wireless was the first to give any clear idea of what had happen ed during the night. People were ordered Jilot to leave theiF houses, cars not t{fJ venture mIt, and for the community to keep in touch with half-Dourly broadcasts. Then the story was gradlJIally pieced together. The Feak was cmt e.>ff, the Feak t r am had been lUldermined and bloeked, two European journalists had been swept off a bridge over the tram by 'tbe water and had drowned.
B@ta roads were out of use with lmdslides, md om.e section 1ra01 just disruppeaF@d. AU pulbiic transport was eooetdled and only po:1ice and emeFgen.cy fiFe sqt\lads were asked t@ r@f>on to tlheir nearest station. The hos, ital at B@weD Road was eut e>fifi, and the ph@nes were @ut {)f @rder, s@ comuldn't Gom..r;m.u1M@ate with fhem.
36
During the afternoon of Sunday, a SjSgt. from the hospital, climbed up the Peak tram route with a wireless radio set for the C.O. so that he could keep in touch with his staff in the main hospital. The day was not without its humour, as two Naval Officers, invited for dinner, arrived in the midafternoon, wet and filthy, exhausted and unable to speak without brandy, with a complete change of clo t hes for the evening, saying that a small thing like a flood wouldn't stop them coming to dinner. Their return journey was even worse, we gathered afterwards, as they had to negotiate it in the dark, with the help of torches. Not being able to ring when they arrived at the bottom with safety, left us more than a little worried.
The following day a convoy of drivers, cooks, orderlies and male nurses climbed the Peak tram route, and arrived gasping, to relieve the men who had been on duty for 72 hours. News came through that one narrow, well surfaced road from the Peak to Pokfulham reservoir had been cleared, and a conve.>y of Army and Police landrovers h a d negotiated it. Food and supplies had been brought up , and a helicopter lift arranged for Mount Kellett. This hinged on the fact that the mi st whicb surrounds the Peak would have to clear for a long enough period, and as it had been with us for almost seven continual weeks, it was in some doubt. All Mount Kellett turned out with cameras to listen, and we hoped, to see. We heard them blindly casting around for a break in the cloud , nearer, then fainter, then nearer again, and the curtain of mist was pulled aside for them to slip in, hover over the hospital roof, winch dow.n their goods and rise into the air just as the mist came down again.
police to travel down in of their convoys as hospital staff, and slowly we mched our way down the road normally used for walking, and came to the reservoir. There the police had a vehicle directing traffic and patient coolies toiling up with baskets of fresh vegetables and fruit. The found his car and we set off on the several mlle trip into town. Although people had been asked not to jam the roads, they were out seeing, hindering lorries, police c£l!s, fire engInes, and refuse carts. The short tnp took threequarters of an hour of grinding, gear driving . Single line traffic was necessary, m many places, and very careful driving over ¥:,ater and pot holes. The narrow, roads leadmg .down to Queens Road were in a pItiful state, the resldents carrying heavy baskets of stones and debris to dump them in piles for collection; several blocks had been evacuated as unsafe, and scaffolding leaned and drooped. Housewives were trying hopeless task of bru shing muddy water from thelr rooms, and heaving carpets onto the flat roofs to try drying them; odd bits of festooned the walls, and noi se, and smells prevruled.
I was dropped to Garden Road to make my way to the hospital. and slipping , ing mud up to nose helght , I got to the bndge. The road was completely blocked up the hill , and the old "sedan chair" path had been opened. Dripping and feeling like an early explorer , I arrived, to be greeted by the u sual Army of " what kept you?" I changed into shirt and skirt and flip flop s, and opened the departme?t. The ho spital was fairly quiet a patIent pomt of view, a s many had been dlscharged on the previous Friday, or had gone on weekend 'pass, and been unable to get back , and no new patients could be admitted . All cold surgery had stopped, most of the medical officers were walking in for the first time since Saturday . Seventy families had been accommodated in the hospital as their living blocks had been flooded; gas pipes had burst and families had been walked out to hotels. Linen wa s short , and food was depleted, so helicopter was fixed. Liaison with civilian hospltals was good, the ones open taking our I?aternity ..and Mount Kellett Hospital agreemg to adnnt cIvllians from the Peak area. Morale, as always in emergencies, was high , and a change of .routine welcomed for a few days. The return Journey took longer as lifts to the bottom of the Pokfulham road had to be scrounged, and a little walking dome. I got back to the Mess eleven hours after I had left it and so it remained for the rest of the week. I don't remember ever feeling so exhausted, probably due the and being constantly wet, elther WIth the ram, or the effort involved.
The government forces worked during the foUowing weeks, a ?mlt up to a f'rivate and down aga:m to Jom the road,
RABY CASTLE GARDENS
Open Sunday, July '21
Lord and Lady Barnard (County Vice-President, Co. Durham) are opening the gardens in aid of St. John, from 2 -6 p.m. SpeCial featu res-fine trees, yew hedges, roses, herbaceous borders, sweet peas and walled formal gardens.
Ad mission 1/ 6
Entrance one mile north of Staindrop on A688. Refreshments available.
by-passing the gaping hole in Magazine Gap, and police directing the one way traffic. Stubbs Road was cleared one width, and very slow traffic got through-it took one to clear a ten-minute drive. Gradually the mall road was load by load, the men working through the mght by lamplight dumping their loads on the reclamation land.
Food in Bowen Road Hospital was cooked by field stoves, as the gas supply was cut off; .all water had to be boiled, a never endmg task WIth patients always having a flask at their bedside. The St. John and Red Cross kettles were put to work and saved a lot of time. The water supply was spasmodic, a few hours each day, wit? everyone clamouring for baths at the same time. All fuel had to be manhandled up the path, then by landrover. Skill in driving was acquired day-byday, negotiating the right-hand corners in three, then two, almost nonchalantly in the end.
This all seems a long time ago now, but the scars remain to remind us that Nature still holds the upper hand, and can bring a thriving, active colony such as Hong Kcmg to a standstill, if only for a few hours, and strike fear into the heart of its people.
TOYE,
KENNING & SPENCER LTD.
MAKERS OF FINE REGALIA & INSIGNIA SINCE 1801
EMBROIDERED & METAL BADGES TROPHIES, MEDALS & ENGRAVING
KNIGHT OF ST. JOHN STATUETTES TIES, SCARVES, HATTING RIBBONS
UNIFORM TRIMMINGS
Please write for catalogue stating items in which interested
REGALIA HOUSE, RED LION SQUARE LONDON, w.e.1
Telephone: 01-2428001
WHAT GO£S ON IN ST. JOHN take the U Review" regularly
COMPLETE THE ORDER FORM ON BACK COVER (MAKES A GOOD PRESENT)
FUND RAISING MADE EASY WITH PENCILS AND BALL POINT PENS!
Penc ils by Rowney with HB bl ack lead in the OFFICIALLY APPROVED colours-silver, white and blue, overprinted in black ink with S.J A. details and badge.
Also pens b y Conway Stewart availab le in e ight duo -colours, ink printed with S.J.A. details and badge.
Increase your funds fast-write today for free samples and price booklet to the AUTHORISED SUPPLIERS:
How Complan helps you help the elderly
The seventh age of man presents age - old problems. One of these is nutrition-how to keep elderly people properly nourished once their t@ste and desire for good food has dimin ished. Because Compl@n is a eomplete food, containing balanced proportions of all the nutrients needed for complete health, Complan can solve this problem. What's more, Complan can solve it in @ way that's accept@ble to the elderly. Why do elderly people resort to nlltritiol'lally-poor diets 7 P-oor teeth? No appetite? Cafl't be bothered? Faddy tastes? Then Compl@fl is the obvious answer. Com plan needs no chewing, is very e@sily digested, take s no longer to make than eo co a, can be served as a drink or used in cooking, and can be flavoured sweet or savoury to suit all tastes.
the €@mplete l11leal in a CllP
A cup of Complan daily enriches the protein, energy, vitamin and mineral intake of elderly people, to fortify and balance their diets without upsetting routine or digestion In times of illness
Complan is invaluable. Serious.ly ill patients can be flourished for months on Compl@n alone.
Remember Complan for the elderly. This is the complete food that enriches nutritionally-poor diets in @way old peo'ple can accept. Presentation 1 Ib cartons
Complan is a Glaxo trade mark
Detailed literature available on request
ST. JOHN AMBULANCE
Enquiries also to Gen . Stores Department Priory House, St. John s Gate, London, E.C.I. Tel.: Clerkenwell 6644 ILLUSTRATED BROCHURES WITH AUGUST ISSUE
THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN has appointed Webb Ivory Ltd. as printers & distributors this year for CHRISTMAS CARDS
The range of cards is colourful & attractive. Sale could produce considerable profits for Divisions and Centres
It is hoped that everyone wi II take advantage of this opportunity.
WEBB IVORY\) LTD. are sending you full details
For details of the lIouse and Membership, please COlli plete and return this coupon to THE WARDEN, ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE. LONDON, S.W.I. (BELgravia 2732).
Safe, gentle and swift to healSavlon
'8avlon' Liquid and 'Savlon' Cream are indispensable to your first aid kit. They g@liiltly clean a way dirt, killing the germs that would the wound. The antiseptics in both products are powerful, safe. They were discovered by I.e.I. and are now used vely by doctors and hospitals in this country and overseas.
To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John, I Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1. Please supply/renew· ST. JOHN REVIEW
with the
and
'Three-o-motic' 3colour boll pen
Push-button selection of black, blue or green inks
COMMERCIAL UNION ASSURANCE
NOTES FRO M T H E ST
RES D EPARTMENT
THE ORDER OF ST. . JOHN h a s appointed W e bb Ivory Ltd. as printers & distributors this year f o r CHRISTMAS CARDS
JOHN AMB ULANCE
The range of cards is colourful & attractive Sale could produce consider a ble profits for Divisions and C e ntres
•
•
•
ADVERTISEMENTS-CLASSIFIED
Advertisements with remittance should be seut to The Advertisement Dept., The St. John "Review," 23 Pembroke Gardens, Loudon, W.8 (to which address replies to Box Numbers should be forwarded). Rate 9d. per word, minimum lOs. Box numbers 2s. 6d. extra. Trade advertisements Is. per word, minimum ISs.
Semi-display advertisements iu classified section charged at one-sixteenth page rate. (please note copy cannot be accepted after the 17th of the month preceding publication date.)
FOR SALE
EXCELLENT "FUND RAISERS "-Your Gr o up narr:e , etc , die-stamped on quality ball pens (S.l A B colour s ), competitive rates Details and samples: 1l-IOMPSON & CREIGHTON, "Ball Pen Suppliers, " 202, Heaton Road , Newcastle , NE6 5JJ.
Discount of 5 per cent for three; 7! per cent for six; H) per cent for nine and 15 per cent for twelve insertions -other combinations subject to agreement.-Editor. UP TO FOR SALE
DISCOUNT
on branded
CARPETS
WILTON, AXMINSTER, ORIENTALS, Etc. FREE delivery U K. Chinese. Indian. Persian Carpets and Rugs a speCIality Expert fitting arranged if required. Write stating requirements or for intraduction to showrooms-LONDON or MAIN cities. DODSON-BULL CARPET CO., LTD.
Showrooms: 2 Little Britain. London. E.C.I MON 7171 ( 10 lines) 83-89 St., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Tel: 20321 or 21-428 55-61. Lever Street. Manchester. I Tel: 061-236 3687 8 9
S.J.A.B. Badge Wall Shields, 35s. 6d.; S J.A.B. Gold Cased Crested Cuff Links, 57s. 6d. Medal ribbons Is. 6d . each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform, 2s. each ribbon mounted on pin brooch; Regulation medals mounted 3s. 6d. per medal on brooch. Miniatures quoted for.-MONTAGUE JEFFERY, Outfitter, St. Giles Street. Northampton.
S J A.B. Nursing Uniform-indoor and outdoorexcellent condition, bought 1%3, 36in hip , £8 o.n.o.Box No. 1.
SPORTS EVENTS, BAZAARS, GARDEN FETES. Send for Catalogue. TROPHY CUPS, FUND RAISERS , BALLOON RACES, PERFUME CARDS, FANCY GOODS, TOYS, NOVELTIES, CARNIVAL HATS , ETC. ALL AT WHOLESALE TRADE PRICES. Save £££s trom the largest suppliers to R.O S.T. in the country. Let us quote for your WEEKLY TOTE AND DRAW TICKETS, ETC. WE ARE THE CHEAPEST IN THE TRADE.-SWINNERTONS LTD., Dept. R.O., Union Street, Walsall.
ORGANISERS of Bazaars, Fetes and Fund Raising. We welcome both personal buyers and mail orders for our extensive ralil!ge of Toys, Stationery, Christmas Cards and Seasonal Lines at Wholesale Prices. Send for our Price Lists. Also Internationally Distributed Pre-Selected ;Parcels: 144 60. Toys OR 72 Is. Toys OR 42 Is. lId Toys OR Selection Toys Is. to 5s. lId. OR Selection Assorted Stationery OR Christmas Cards. Each Parcel 54s., plus 4s. 6d. postage. Two or mOIe Parcels 6s. postage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2a , Handsworth Road, London, N.17.
LESS THAN 3d. EACH: 144 FuJI-length Conway Stewart BaH Point Pens die-stamped in gold with your Brigade or Charity for only 35s. Pencils printec for the same price. Please print your slogan (maximum 30 letters) and add 4s. 6d. standard carriage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Culley) LTD., 2a Handsw0rth Road, LOllldon, N.t7.
HIGH PROFITS MADE BY OUR -FAST SELLING LlNESCHRISTMAS AND BIRTHDAY CARD PACKS. DECORATIONS. WRAPPINGS. FANCY GIFTS. STATIONERY TABLEWARE. SEND FOR OUR FREE CATALOGUE LESWYN CARDS, Dept. 18, Union Drive, Boldmere Road, Sutton Coldfield, Warks.
BALL-PENS, Diaries Note Pads, Keys, Fobs, Pencils, etc., Gold-stamped Brigade name or Personal names raise funds quickly- easily. Details- Nort:lern Novelties, Bradford, 2.
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES
MOORFrELDS EYE HOSPITAL CJTY ROAD_ LONDON. E.C.I
Ophrhalmic Student Nuf'oies
C andidates accepted at the age of 17 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students. Moor· fields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candi· dates. Well equipped School of Nursing. Successful candidates, on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses' Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert Hall. Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tennis Court Active Social Club.
Applications in writing to the Matron.
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAl CITY ROAD, LONDON E.C ••
Vacancies exist for STATE ENROLLED NURSES to enter for the Post-Enrolled training In Ophthalmic Nl:Jfsing Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board
Opportunities for promotion and practical responsl. bllity In the specialist field of nursing.
Apply to Miss M. B. MacKellar. Matron Moorfields Eye Hospital.
In February 1960 we were stunned by the news of her death. In 1968 we can remember her by contributing to the interests for which she gave her life.
EDWINA MOUNTBA TTEN
HER LIFE IN PICTURES
Compiled and Edited by Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock
Superintendent-in-Chief, St. John Ambulance Brigade
7s. 6d. each
7s. each orders for ten or over
(postage extra in each case)
Published by Macdonald
Orders to:
Edwina Mountbatten Book.
1 Grosvenor Crescent. London, S.W.l
Telephone: 01-235 5231
3
The Edwina Mountbatten Trust is the memorial to a great woman. The proceeds of the sale of this book goes to a fund which supports St. John, the nursing profession and children aJ] over the world.
CONTENTS
L. J o h n's Day
T he Tra in i ng a nd Use o f C a d et N.C.O s, b y C. S O W a tk in W Wmiams
Gall a ntr y Awa rd s .. " After A d am ca m e E ve" - S t. J ohn Down-U nder b y D r. J. Peter Bush
Sl. Jo hn i n Action
F i rst A id for A n im a ls
Se r vice in Cru sa d ers C hur c h , Essex
P e r o na liti es at St. P a ul s
Co mp etiti o n Tac t ics , by Geo rg e E Craf t, M B E O ve r seas N ews
J e rsey Ca d et Essay Co mpe t it io n W inn ers
B asic F i rst A id , by J. M P a rk
S t o p Pr ess- B r iga d e F in al s
F i rst Thin gs F i rst , b y M ich ael Senn ock e
Miss L o ve lt R e ti res
App ea ls C om er
South A f ric an Ca d e ts Arrive fo r Cam p Cro ssword
COVER PICTURE
T H E DR U M-M A JOR of th e Ba nbur y C ombin ed SI. Jo hn A m b ul a nc e e nt erin g
S t. P a ul 's C athedra l for th e A nnual Comm emoration Servic e, w atch ed by th e Commiss ion e r - in- C hief a nd
Sk egll tlss Band put o n a g re a t s how
nd a wh o had h a d much e xp eri e nce in p rol' ess ion a b a nd s paid a -ribut c to t h e excell en ce of th e ir combin ed p er fo ml a ncc out s id e th c Ca th ed ra l. o hn 'vVarbun o n 5
(Right). THE LORD PRIOR OF THE ORDER , The Lord Wakehurst, Invested Brigadier Charles M. Hoffe, C.RE., Prior of South Africa since 1961, as a Bailiff Grand Cross on behalf of the Grand Prior , H.R H. The Duke of Gloucester, at St. John's Gate, on June 25, before th e Meeting of the Grand Prior's Advisory Council at which the United Kingdom and Overseas Priories d elegates were present. The Council is held every five yea rs. John Warburton
(Below). THE GRAND PRIOR'S ADVI$ORY COUNCIL and other members of the Order who attended th e meeting em Jun e 25 (standing I. to 1'.)
Colonel P. H. Catt, Director of Cerem.onies; Lord Aberdare, Prior for Wales; Mr. McClintock , SecretaryGeneral; Lt.-Gen. Sir William Pike, Commissioner-in-Chief; Sir Ste wa rt DukeElder, IIospitaller; Sir Hilton Poynton, Dire o: tor, Overseas, St .John Ambulance; The Lm'd Caccia, Chancellor; Brigadier T. A. Johnston , Secretary, Priory of Canada ; Sir Philip Southwell, Director-Gen e ral, St. John Ambulance; Mr. Lewis G. Whyte , Receiver General; The Rev. Canon ·Christopher Pe rown e, Sub-Prelate; Mr. C T. Evans , Registrar; Mr. 1. G. Silver, Secretar y; (seated I. to 1'.) Sir Harr y Luke , Bailiff of Egle; Sir George Stening , Chancellor, Priory in Australia; Mr. A. Kirkpatrick, Chancellor, Priory in New Zealand; The Lord Pn:or; Brigadier C. M. Hoff e, Prior, Priory f ,o r South Africa; Mr. Ian MacLaren, Chancellor, Priory of Canada ; Sir Malcolm Barcla y -Har vey, Prior, Priory of Scotland.
l o hn Warburt o n
(t. to r.) MR. CHARLES T. EY ANS, C. M.G ., re tir ed as Secretary-General of the Ord e r, and took lip his appointm e nt as Re gis trar on St. J ohn's Da y. H e was succeeded by Mr. Nicholas C. McClintock, who had been Secretary of t h e Ophthalmi c H ospi tal and D ep ut y Se cretary-General s in ce 1963.
J o hn Warburton
QExtract5 of toe JLorb l}rior'5 to toe
In his opening remarks the Lord Prjor expressed the O rder's thanks to the Lord Ma yor for hospitality and drew attention to the fact that he is also closely connected wi th St. John and takes a keen interest in all its activities.
He also expressed pleasure at the presence of members of th e Grand Prior's Ad visory Council from Priorjes at home and overseas, and congratulated the Prior of South Africa on hjs promotion in the Order to the grade of Bailiff Grand Cross.
In his speech the Lord Prior paid tribute to Sir Stewart Duke Elder, the Hospitaller and his Deput y, Mr. Keith Ly le , to Dr. Boase and his staff at the Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem for " the wonderful way they have e nabled the hospital to carryon continuously through difficult and dangerous times ." He also stated that the Order had been able to continue to contribute to the resea rch into the treatment and prevention of Trachoma, a nd said how difficult it was to maintain public interest i n this sort of proje c t where there is no possibility of quick or dramatic results.
Referring to the merger of the two Foundations Lord Wakehurst paid tribute to the way in which the Director General, St. John Ambulance Association, Sir Philip Southwell and the Commissioner-in-Chief, Sir William Pike had handled a task which was by no means easy but which would result in further efficiency and economy in carrying out the increasing d ema nds for training and v01untary service to the public.
Referring to the international aspect , following a recent meeting in Gennany of the Alliance of European Orders of St. John , Lord Wakehurst said, "1 believe that St. John is making a contribution to some of our world problems and particularly those which concern the unity and ideals of the Christian Faith."
The Lord Prior ended on what he called "a more personal note"'; the retirement of Mr. Charles Evans as Secretary-General and the appointment of his successor , Mr. N C. McClintock . I would like to pa y a particular tribute to Mr. Evans for the devoted way in which he has se rved the Order and to give a very happy welcome to Mr. McClintock who has alread y been working for five years as Deput y Secretary-General. I also h ave to report the resignation of Major Richard Williams, the Librarian, due to ill-health. We OWe him a very great deal in the building up of the Museum and Library-he has a wonderful eye for spotting anything of St. John interest in any catalogue, and some of these historical treasures will be displayed in Malta in 1970 in an Exhibition organised by the Council of Europe."
7 " This General Assembly ," he said , " is an occasion for surveying the Order 's world-wide landscape and I think it is a very remarkable thing that there js not a Commonwealth territory which has no St. John organisation. "
THE TRAINING AND USE OF CADET N.C.O.s
By C.S.O Watkin W. Williams, Buckinghamshire
(A talk given at a Cadet Officers' Training Day held in Buckinghamshire in April, 1968)
, Most of us will agree that all is not entirely well with the Cadet section of the Brigade, and our presence here today is proof that we (at least) want to improve matters. A good deal of what I shall ha 'Ve to say may be a shock to some of you-indeed, I hope it will! But I hope, too , that you will at once see that the shaak is being administered in an entirely good-natured way, and solely for the good of the young people whose successful training as Cadets mean a great deal to us. And please remember, as 1'do, that criticism of methods of training are bound to be generalizations, not necessarily to all Cadet Divisions , still less to all of you who are here. But by and large these generalizations are true, and by and large they unfortunately apply most to the sort of people who are not interested in coming to a Training Day; so in speaking to you of them I am to some extent preaching to _ the converted; but I look to you to go away from here today as missionaries of the right form of traming and by proving its value in your own Divisions to convert others to a realization of that value.
TWO MAJOR PROBLEMS
As I see it, there are two major problems which face us i..I) Cadet work, and which we have got to tackle and solve.:
1. The very large number of Cadets tha,t we have in relation to the small number of Officers, N.C.O.s and other helpers.
2. The small proportion of Cadets who in due course transfer to Adult Divisions.
May I suggest what I believe to be the basic causes of these two problems? First, problem 1:
(a) That Superintendents are too tender-hearted to turn down applicants to join Cadet Divisions and keep a waiting list; consequently they take in more Cadets than they can effectively train single-handed or short-handed. This is a form of self -m artyrdom whieh springs from noble intentions and a great ' spirit of self-sacrifice, blat is a very great mistake.
(b) That N.C.O s are not appointed up to establishment numbers, and even when they are appointed they are not properly used, because Superintendents don t know how to train them or to use them when once they have got them.
And now for the basic causes of problem 2:
(a) That we tend to forget that the Cadet Movement is primarily a youth movement for the training of good citizens, with special emphasis-but not sale emphasis-on giving boys and girls the opportunity to learn and practise First Aid ?-nd Home Nursing. Instead of this we tend to make Cadet Divisions too much of a juvenile version of Adult Divisions
(b) That we don ' t pay sufficient attention to educating (drawing out) Cadets in the qualities of character, leadership and initiative which they need. This can only be dc-n e by giving them the opportunity to become N.C.O s and training them to use their leadership and initiative in as many Divisional activities as possible.
(c) That instead of doing what @ur :Brigade teU us-promoting Cadets to Adu]t Divisions on or as soon as possible after their 16th birthday-we hang on to them as long as possible because we find them useful to us, all too often not as genuine N.C.O.s but as m.ere "nursemaids " (both male and female) for Juniors
8
(d) That our personal liaison with Adult Divisions is inadequate. Of course there are two sides to thisthe Cadet side and the Adult side- and whichev e r side one happens to be working with , the temptation is very great to say that the fault lies with the other side! But remember , it takes two to make a quarrel , and two to make a friendship. If one of the two assumes there s going to be a quarrel , then ther e will certainly never be a close friendship ; if one of the two assumes there's going to be a friendship , then at least there'll never be a serious qu a rrel.
So neve)' despair in your efforts to make y ou r relationship with Adult Divisions as close and friendly as possible , even if you feel that you meet with no response from the other side.
Now let me suggest the various wa y s in which thes e two problems can be solved:
THE SOLUTIONS
1. Close your doo),s to recruits until y ou ha v e obt a ined the number of adult helpers and appointed th e number of N.C.O.s in accordance with y ou r Divisional establishment figures. It sounds hardhearted to close the doors when boys and girls ar e clamouring to join, but it's far the best thing for the children themselves in the end. There are few such wholesome signs of life in an y youth organiz a tion as a WAITING LIST because it shows th a t th e unit isn t going all out for numbers at any pric e but is providing something worth waiting for. Personally , if starting a Cadet Division I should take in no more than 8 o r at the very most 12 at the start, and keep a waiting list of the rest (even if 40 applied to join) and would not take in more until I had got an adequate number of adult helper lined up and had trained the original Cadets as potential N.C.O.s. It should be possible to open the doors again within a very few months, and if during that time some on the waiting list fell by the wayside or joined other organizations , it wouldn't worry me a scrap. Recent census figures in our county show that the average number in our Cadet Ambulance Divisions is 22, and in Cadet Nursing Divisions 37. How many of these do you imagine had Officers and N.C.O.s up to establishment? I won ' t ask you to make a public confession, and still less to sing a public song of triumph; but please check your own Division against the following details as laid down in Brigade Regulations:
(a) Every Division should have a Divisional Superintendent, Surgeon, Nursing Officer, Secretary Treasurer and Storekeeper. It may not always be easy to find a Surgeon or Nursing Officer straight off, but never give up the effort, The duties of Secretary, Treasurer and Storekeeper should never be performed by the Superintendent (except very temporarily if a sudden crisis arises, when the filling of the gap must be treated as a first priority). These jobs are no p ·aJrt Olf the Superintendent's duty, and if he or she undertakes them it simply means that the Superintendent's propel:- task win be performed less efficiently
(b) Cadet Ambulance DivisiOlns of average size , 22 should in addition to (a) have: 1 Divisional Officer, 1 Sergeant and 3 Corporals.
(Continued on page 26)
DEVON
LANCASHIRE
PEOPLE IN THE NEWS
ISLE OF MAN
MISS BRENDA KEGGIN has completed her training and is now sister in charge of the Noble Hospital's newly acquired intensive care wtit. She was an outstanding €adet of the Douglas Division. She took her midwifery training and became a staff midwife at Queen Charlotte's Hospital, London. Isle of Man Examiner
A N C S
(Above). MR. GEORGE KING, an outstanding mentber of the Brigade in Bury , was re-elected (for the thirteenth time) chairman of the Bury branch of the Institute of Certified Ambulance Personnel. The note accompanying this announcement states "We do hope this appears in the "Review." Mr. King is such a good officer and a fine example."
(Below). MISS KATHLYN D. WILSON, S.E.N. , S.R.N. (Div Officer, W.orkington, Cumberland and Westmorland), has taken up an appointment as staff nurse in Westlack , Alberta, Canada. She has been a member of the 'Brigade since 1957. When she returns in a years time she h @pes to settle in Cumberlan rd. We are glad to say she had tl. safe and pleasant journey and wish her every success in her new post.
MR. W. A. AUSTIN, now 85 years o ld wrote to th e editor asking about former collea.gues in London District and Deputy Co.mmissioner Charles Bow e r was abl e to put him in touch with some of th e m. Mr. Austin worked in the Stores Department. Picture shows him in Naval uniform. He particularly liked the picture of Lady Mountbatten and recalls sitting beside her watching a film of the circulation. of the blood shown at the Gate
GALLANTRY
A/N/O HAROLD A. BUGG , S.R.N., an d DR. ESMOND C. DAWSON , M.B., B.S., Area Sur geon., both of Sou th Eastern. Area, London Di s tri ct, we ,:e awarded th e Ord e r's Bron ze LifeSav ing Medal for outstanding ga llantry at the Hith er Green rail d isaster when they carried out an am putation of a v icti/71's arm w hile in grave danger of being crus hed by the coac h under wh i c h th e man \Vas tra pp ed The presentation was made by the Lord Prior Key lone
FIJ I
MR. BALI RAM MAHARAJ , Staff Officer, St. John A mbulance, Fiji, was invested as a Serving Br ot h e r by th e Lord Prior. H e jo in ed th e Bri gade in. 1954 and b ecame Superintendent of th e 2nd SL(Va. Divi sio n. H e is an accountant in th e Suva Treasury D ep t. and is in th e U.K. on six months h o li day and thr ee months stud y co urs e. H e is accompanied by his wif e and two sons, th e yo un ges t of w hi c h is following in fath e r' S footsteps as a Cadet. John Warburton
SCOTLAND
MR. DANIEL STRACHEN , General Secretary of the St. Andre\V's Ambulance Association, was invested as a Serving Brother by the L ord Pri o r althe May In vestiture h eld in the Grand Pri o r) Church. Mr. Strachen has ser ved the cause of first aid and nursing for many years. Also in the picture , Co l onel P . H. Catt , DireCTor of Ceremonies
John \ Varbun o n
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION of a c asualt y on a stretcher before being admitted to the Mobil e Nursing Aid Post.
"Afte-r Adam' came Eve"
By Dr. J. Peter Bush
ST. JOHN NURSES DOWN - UNDER GO MOBILE
a remark may well lead to misinterpretation but in one v€ry l'eal sense at least it is true. The men of the S t. John Ambulance Brigade Rescue Squads in Victoria have already many t imes es tablished their reputation and proved their value in disaster work. Through the inspiration of Divi s ional Superintendent Mrs. Massy Davenport (now Di s trict Officer), of the Ormond Nursing Division , the Mobile Nursing Division , Victoria , came into being.
Mrs. Davenport first joined St. John as a Nursing Cadet in 1936 in the Treharris Nursing Cadet Division in Wales. Her father, Jack Davies, had been a stalwart member and Divisional Officer in the Treharris Division for many years.
In h€r own words , " The idea of Mobile Nursing came to me a long time ago , but the need for such a working force was Gonfumed when I was present in the area of the Gippsland fues. Thereafter the idea had to be condensed into an organised efficient working form , trying to keep in mind the interest and outlet required b y Di visions , wh ils t at the same time being available to a ss ist the community in the event of any emergency".
EGhQing the words and ideals which motivated the formation of the Rescue Squads b y Dis trict Officer Mr. Max Phelan in 1962, Mrs Davenport realised that in Mobile
ST. JOHN IN ACTION
Nursing, Nursing members of St. John would have an opportunity for unusual and essential service , whilst this new outlet would p r ovide an additional incenti ve and interest in training within Nurs ing Divi s ions. Although not yet extended in serio us emergency, the y have been called upon to s tand b y at some of t he State 's bu sh fires this sunU11er. During these incid ent s t he y have formed a base First Aid Post and attended to a number of minor casualties. This has not onl y imp roved the sta ndard of first aid given at such a post, because of the additional facilities they have been able to provide, but has a lso released mal e members of the Rescue Squad s for more active duties
Mobile Nursing has also taken part with credit in several weekend Rescue Squad exerc ises, and in all respect s the members have who ll y fulfilled the hop es of the in st igato rs of the idea , and have ju s tified their existence. Much experience has been gained of work ing under difficult condition s s uch a s would prevail at a disaster and many lessons have been learnt. Perhap s one of the earliest and greatest les son s learned was the realisation of the diffi c ultie s and problems encountered in the field b y the R escue Squads, and the appreciation that first aid given to v ictims of bu s h fires, to casualties rescued from inaccess ible a nd difficul t s ituat ion s,
(Continu ed on page 27)
MOBILE NURSING TEAM
MEMBER insp ec t s th e lab e l tied to a c asualty by th e R esc ue Sq uads in the f ie ld w hil e th e S up e rint e ndent takes notes. (See R esc ue D ow n Under, Februar y i SS L( e, page 10 )
LANes.
MRS. JEAN WI LSO ,011 th e day befo re she was due to take her Firs! Aid Certificate, had some prac t ical expe ri e nc e when she had to deal with casliaities when a blls ore rtul'I1 ed. The report in "Atom News" describes her as th e " h eroine of the COl17foJ'f in g. the passengers and making li se of I\'ha t materials lI'ere al'ailable Do any publiC transport velucles carry fi rst aid kits?
SUSSEX
PULBOROUGH BRIGADE MEM B ERS (A mbulan ce, Nursing and Cadets) were on dllty at the Horsham and Dis tri c t Motor Cycle Cl ll b G rass Track meeting lI h e n six riders were involv ed in an accident. The Dil'isi o nal Superintendent, Mr. Atfield, 16 Ambulance, 3 Cadets and 7 Nu.rsing m embe rs on dut y, alld (as IIsllal) one Amb lllan ce but.'wd to ca ll in !WO COllnty Ambu l a n ces to ass ist in taking th e cas ualti es to h ospital. The one b /'l ght spot on thiS sad day was th e "b lanket co ll ec ti o n " I\'hic h rais ed ove r £30. \Ve t Sussex County Time
PROFICIENCY SUBJECTS-I
FIRST AID FOR ANIMALS
Hints Supplied by the RSPCA
TREATMENT
When trying to find out the nature of the injury-and this is the first the animal carefully. With a dog or cat, note the breed and watGh f0Jr individual pewliarities, as hardly any two animals are the sarne to handle. Some animals bear injuries remarkably well , others are just the ,opposite.
It is important to know where treatment is available and, if necessary, the method of transport.
Do not be too hasty to assume that the animal is dead. Better treat a dead body than not treat a live one. Attend to severe haemorrhage first, whatever the other injuries are. Try to get the patient in a restful position; you will then have a better chance of handling it and you will avoid the risk of injuring the animal more.
Allow the animal plenty of room and air, and be as speedy as is Gompatible with safety. Massaging the limbs and body circulation, and should be employed where possible.
WHAT TO DO AT ONCE IN CASE OF BURN$ AND SCALDS
In the case of serious or extensive burns or scalds it should first be considered whether the injuries are too severe to justify treatment, in which case the animal should be destro yed as soon as possible.
Treatment: In minor cases-pyt the animal under restraint and apply as quickly as possible strong cold tea, and obtain expert adviee at once.
STINGS
A single sting from a bee or wasp can cause very serious symptoms in small animals. Hornet stings are of course much more harmful. Multiple stings from a hive of enraged insects can be dangerous to even large animals Fortunately, stings are usually only one or two at a time with dogs and cats Commonly they occur around the lips and mouth. With a bee sting the stinging apparatus is left in the victim , and if found should be scraped away with the fingernail or a blunt knife, for the poison bag goes on squeezing poison into the wound for some minutes after the sting occurs, thus incI@asing the shock and local pain. Wasp and other stings are flot left in the wound.
If possible pinch up the affected area between finger and thumb for 3 or 4 minutes. This localises the poison, and gives the body time to manufacture antidotes. Apply vinegar to the spot. In cases of shock and collapse, adrenalin 1-] ,000 solution is a specific. Give 3-4 drops in water to a dog or cat. It is obtainable from all chemists. The same drug may be given in snakebite, but here a tourniquet might be borne in mind if a limb is bitten , and a veterinary surgeon summoned llIrgently.
CHOKING
In all cases of choking, no matter how simple they appear, skilled assistance should be sought as soon as possible. Small objects can be removed from the mouth, throat or upper parts of the gullet by means of forceps or small pair of pliers. Lubrication of the gullet can be provided by the adminiof olive oil or butter.
BLEEDING
Serious bleeGl.ing is a dange1i to life, and so lowers vitality that recovery is likely to be complicated later by genil1 infection ofthe wound.
Most cases of bleeding are easily controlled. Very rare is it for a large artery oc vein to be opened. The majo,rity of cases are due to severance of minor blood vessels. A little blood makes a great show
Most wounds occur about the limbs, which is fortunate , for nearly all bleeding can be controlled if a bandage can be applied to the limb . Old sheeting torn into strips 1 in. to 3 in . wide will do where no bandages are available. The points to aim at are:-
(a) work quickly, but keep your head ;
(b) keep the patient as quiet as possible;
(c) cover the whole limb in the case of small animals, or an area at least 6 in. above and below the wound in a large animal, in a layer of cotton-wool and bandage over this Do not be alarmed at blood soaking through. It will clot and make a firm plug in and a casing round the wound. At the worst the loss of blood in the next hour or so will be insignificant, by which time expert help should have arrived. Tourniquets can be improvised from a cord , length of rubber gas tube, or a handkerchief, and tied above (artery) or below (vein) the wound, to check bleeding until the bandage is fixed. To leave tourniquets in place for long is dangerous , in that the circu lation is checked, and resistance to germ infection lowered or gangrene caused from sto ppage of the blood flow to the limb.
Apart from a rough clean s ing away of dirt, local applications to a bleeding wound are not recommended, except by the veterinary surgeon who takes over the patient. Leave it to him to sew up or apply chemicals to the wound.
Internally , if bleeding has already been prolonged , a large animal may be given 2 ounces of gin or whisky in a pint or more of normal saline (a level teaspoon of sa lt to a pint of water) ; small animals, 2 to 6 ounces of the same solution. The alcohol stimulates the heart, and the saline restores th e volume of the blood. Failing alcohol, strong black coffee is a useful stimulant (a quart for a horse or cow, 1 to 2 ounces for a dog). Where bleeding has been controlled and the patient is hy s terical and restless, aspirin (5 to 10 grains for a dog) rapidly lowers blood pressure and induces calm.
BLEEDING FROM THE NOSTRILS
Cold packs to the region of the face may assist in checking the bleeding It is wrong, though permissible if only one nostril, to pack the nostrils with cotton-woo l or tow at their lower end, si nce the breathing is thereby obstructed and as animals cannot breathe through their mouths as easily as the human-being, there is so me degree of suffocation, especially in the horse.
SUSPECTED POISONING
A veterinary surgeon should be obtained in the shortest possible time, as the symptoms and treatment of different forms of poisoning vary so much.
Practically the only poisons likely to be encountered in small animals are strychnine and phosphorus, contained in rat poisons.
In the case of phosphorus poisoning, such as that caused by puppies eating match-heads , give an emetic, but do not give oil , egg and milk or any fatty substance, as these dissolve the phosphorus
With the smaller animals, however , it is well to give an emetic at once, the most handy being a strong solution of salt, or lDush a piece of washililJg soda (hazel nut size) flown throat. After vomiting freely, to counteract the effect of an irritant poison-it is from this class the animals usually suffer -give olive oil, c.astor oil, Iuilk, or milk and egg, but avoid oil when phosphorus is suspected.
(Continued on page 30)
, In
QCrusabrrs' QCburrb
N Sunday, June 30, 1968, the Annual Service of the Order in Essex was held at the Parish Church of Sa int John The Baptist , Little Maplestead
It was a brilliantly sunny day and the beautiful backg ro und of this lovely comer of Essex lent added colour to the pageantry of the procession of the officiating Cl erical Brethren and Executive Officers of the Order, t he crisp Brigade uniforms and the decorative summer h ats and costumes of the invited guests.
This church is one of the three remaining "round c hurches" dating back to the Crusades and is reputed to sta nd on the site of the original Preceptory (1185) built Dy the Knights Hospitallers, and was built about 1335. Tt is the only 14th century example of this type of c hurch now existing in England-a six-sided "nave" s urmo unt e d b y a low belfry and surrounded b y a circular a isle.
Some ancient " monuments" have an aweful impression, b ut this church gives one an uplifted feeling, even when c rowded to capacity. The proud history of the past fuses wit h the aims and objects of the present and the future o f Pro Utili tate Hominirnum. "
The sermon was preached by The Ven J. R. Youens , O. B.E. M.C., Q.H.C., H.M. Chaplain-General. The ervi ce was conducted b y The Rev . K. F. Belben , vicar o f Great and Little Maplestead. Prayers b y The Rev C a non Christopher Perowne , M.A. , T.D. , Sub-Prelate of
Richard Burne the O r der , and the le sso ns were rea d b y Colonel Sir John Ruggles-Brise Bt. C.B., O B.E ., T.D ., J.P. H .M. Lord Lieu tenant of Essex, President of Essex St. John Council, and Mr. M. S. Gisling, Church Warden. Tea on the lawns of Maplestead Hall, as guests of Mr. and Mrs. J. S. Blomfield , was a ple asa nt ending to a memorable occasion.
PICTURE SHOWS : Order of St. John Pr ocession headed bv The R e1·. Canon Christopher Ferowne, H.M. Chaplain G ene ral , The Ven. J. R. Youens. Followed by (left t o right). Mr. L. R. N. P ercey, M.B.E J.P , Commissioner for Hertfordshire, Mr. W. R Earp, Sir Philip Southwell, Dir ecto rGeneral St. John Ambulance, Col. Sir J o hn Ru gg l es -Brise, Bt. , and Lt.-Col. Arthur G o rin g, Assistant C o mmi ss ion e r-in-C 17 ief.
J oh n Warburton
ST. JOHN'S DAY 1968
(Right). AMONG THE YOUNG members of the Brigade who were awarded special seats in the Cathedral for the Annual Com me.moration Service were Shelley McRobbie and Blo omfie ld of C14, East Ham Nu-rsing Cadet Divisi,on. (We all looked a bit wind-swept and were extremely wet on. June 22.)
(Above) PETER HOOK (right), a member of the Palmers Green Ambulance Cadet Division and Leonard Thackery, Tottenham Ambulance Cadet Division, who we r e in the Guard of Honour on St. Paul's Cathedral steps.
HANTS
(Below). NURSING CADET CAROL HARDING, Romsey Nursing Cadet Division, who also was awarded a special seat in the Cathedral.
LONDON DISTRICT
]JBebiration nf 'arablet
THE REV. CANON CHRISTOPHER PEROWNE dedicafed a tablet in the crypt of the Grand Priory Church after fhe annLlal Communion Service on St. John ' s Day, in memory of Colonel Cluny Macpherson, C.M.G., M.D., Knight of J lIsfice (President of the St. john Co un c il for Newfoundlane/) and his wije, Eleanora T. Macpherson, O.B.E., Dame of Grace.
(Above). FOUR YOUNG 'MEN from the ColVlon and Exmouth Ambu,lance Cadet Divisi,ons (E.S. & ·N. Devon) who had spec ial seats for the Commemoration Service. (t. to r.) Cadet / Ldr. E. Perry ; Cadet / Sgt. G Long, Cadet/Ldr. M Hayyvood and Cadet/Sgt E. Malinowski. St. J ohn's Day pictures by John Warbllrtor;.
DEVON
(Belo\\', ce nfr e) MR. FRED ARGYLE AND MR. AND MRS. CU NVI on th e s teps of St. Palll' s Mr. Argyle was l eade r and train e r of the "L" Mel. Polic e First Aid leall1 which had mal1Y co mp e tition successes to their c r edit. A lth o ll g h h e retired r ece ntly he is still a familiar figllre at naTi ono l Fir s t Aid Finals a an expert in cas llalt y mak e- lip. Mr. Michael Cllnvin, S.R.N , and his wife, J ea n, ar e Nursing and Dil 'is i ona l Officers (respectil'ely) of 136 Brixton N IIrsing Cadet Division. They first lI1 e t 0 17 St. J o hn vollllllary duties and Jean is noll' il1 charge of th e Division il7 which she sta rt ed her St. J o hll "c ar ee r."
(Belolv). OVERSEAS ST. JOHN JVIEMBERS. (5 ee page 19).
Pictllr es by J ohn Warburton.
COMPETITION TACTICS
Notes ora lecture given to members of the National Dock Labour Board Ambulance Centre
BY GEORGE E. CRAFT, M.B.E., C.St.J. (late Competition Secretary, St. John Ambulance Association)
First of all I would emphasise the faet that the Judge is there t@ give marks on the work yQU do and the impression given. Many competitors are of the @pini'on that the Judge is there to take marks off! Nothing is further fr0m the truth and when the competitor does good work, the Judge is happy to give the necessary marks for it. Remember that , althollgh you may give the correct treatment for the certain injury , if the treatment is not given at the correct time, marks will be lost.
PRELIMINARY INFORMATION
Each member of the team s hould note the essential details given in " Preliminary Information to Competitors"distance to ambulance station and to hospital, state of weather, wh@ther rural or town neighbourhood, and other stich facts. Do not, however, try to visualise or anticipate the actual test from the informatiQn given. This can lead to preconceived ideas which may be far from the actual test.
APPROACH
Do not rush in at the patient-steady, quiet approach, assess the scene and note any further danger. Do not ask the Judge ab@ut danger-use your eyes and senses. Look for possible guides to the cause of the incident and injuries: items lying abQut which may be of use-pieces of wood for splints (or even to place on a stretcher), rags or sacking which could be us@d for padding, etc.
Speak to bystander and listen to what he can tell you before sending him away for further assistance, first aid equipment, telephon@, etc. How often has one seen a willing bystander sent off th@ set on an errand and then lost for ever during the test?
If are two patients do not automatically split the team into two dual practical tests (two members to each patient). A seriously injured patient may require the attention of three members and the second patient, with less serious injury, tr@ated by one member. The captain of the team must decide this issue quickly and efficiently at the commencement of the test.
Remember always that a good first aider has two hands and a clean handkerchief which is his initial first aid equipment (i.e. control of bleeding, support of injured limbs, etc.). Initial directions by the team captain to members of his team is not regarded as "unnecessary running commentary".
EXAMINATION
Tell the Judge what you find and only what you find. Do not reel off the signs and sympt@ms that are not theremarks may be deducted for repetition of signs amd symptoms from the manual. Only on very rare occasions are all the signs and symptoms present.
Check first that the patient is breathing and in an unconscious patient examine under and over the patient for signs of severe bleeding. Even in a conscious patient this is a gOQd idea because wounds do not hurt like a fracture, dislocation or a sprain, etc.
Take the pulse correctly-do not be distracted or attempt to have a conversation with anyone whilst so doing. You cannot count correctly and do other things at the same time. C0unt out a.loud the actual rate fouRd-the Judge will have checked it bef@l'ek and-amd not wmat )lOU think it should be for the actual case. Some persons acting as patients have peculiar pulse rates and this can be a trap for the unwary. The Judge just wants to know if you can correctly take a pulse.
Ask the patient where he feels the pain and attend to the 18
named area first , providing no bleeding has been found which requires priority in treatment.
With an il'ljury to the back make a careful examination of the limbs. The patient may have a fracture of the spine with possible loss of feeling in the limbs. Also when examining the limbs do not stop at an obvious injury-there may be further injuries lower down!
Do not forget that you find irregularity of a bone and deformity of a limb.
TREATMENT
The treatment given depends on the diagnosis found when examining the patient. Immediate treatment-I. Failure of breathing; 2. Control of bleeding; 3. Control of fractures.
Move the patient only as much as is necessary to preserve life and to give the necessary treatment efficiently. Unnecessary movement increases the condition of shock and delays the recovery of the patient.
Do not tell the Judge what you are doing- DO IT CORRECTLY for him to see. If the treatment given varies from that in the manual, explain why you are doing it differently to the Judge.
The captain directs a team member to treat an injury but does not describe the treatment required. The team member should know what to do (unnecessary commentary).
Use adequate padding when required in treatment of injuries It is of little use placing a folded triangular bandage in the armpit or placing the bandage along a splint and expect full marks for "adequate padding".
With open fractures (bone protruding) , apply pressure on sides of wound to control the bleeding and make sure that the soft pad of material covering the dress ing extends well over it. It is well to bandage the dressing and the padding with a diagonal bandage so as not to press directly on to the protruding bone.
Watch carefully the unconscious patient.
On returning to consciousness reassure the patient and speak gently to him. Do not say, "You are all right " or "quite O.K." He is not and he knows it!
Always check that the bandages are not becoming too tight as swelling is progressive.
Test the stretcher by having someone lying on it and then get two bearers to lift it with that person on it. It is no use just patting the bed of the stretcher and expecting to receive full marks for "testing the stretcher".
GENERAL
Marks aJTe often lost by (1) dealing with unimportant things first; (2) inefficient resuscitation; (3) insufficient padding; (4) pulse not being taken correctly; (5) colour of skin and condition not being given as seen; (6) application of dressings not pressed firmly round edges of wounds ; (7) bandages tied much too loosely . To gain one of the first three places in a competition it is necessary to obtain at least 80 per cent of the total marks and remember that there are more marks to be gained in the individual section than in the team section.
In the Individual Tests section time is short and it is very necessary to make use of all available assistance. There is usually a bystander present and he should be used to the fullest degree for telephonililg, obtaining assistance, helping with the handling of the patient, etc. he is, as a general rule, not a first aider, there are so many things he can do aNd is willing to do if asked.
MALTA G.e.
H.R.H. THE DUCHESS OF GLOUCESTER, th e first member of the Ro ya l Family to do so, visited th e St. John Headquarters in th e St. lam es's Counterguard, VaLLetta. Nu rsin g Cadet Doris Formosa presented H e r R oyal Hi g hness w ith a bouquet of carnati ons The Commissioner, Co l o n el 1. V. Abela looks o n. Times of Malla
THE LADY MOYRA BROWNE D e puty Supe rintendent-in-Chief, laid a w reath at th e War Memorial on b e half of th e Brigade on ANZAC DAY in Malta. Times of Malta
OFF TO AUSTRALIA
R. G. OLDREY (Sidmouth Cadet Dil'is ion) and his family hav e e migrated to Australia. He was a founder memb er of th e Brigad e in Sidmouth 15 yea rs ago , and hopes to continue his St. John work as soon as th ey ha ve settled down. In 1957 he was awarded a Letter of Commendation for h elping with a cliff rescue. His two eld est daughters , Lorraine and Darlene , are St. John Juni ors. Express & Echo
Overseas Group outside St. Paul's (from page 17) A. COTGRIEVE, Corps Staff Offic er, Canada; Mr. and Mrs. T. Da vis, South Africa; Miss G. H ew lings, Canada; Divisional Officer Kam Kin Heon, Malaysia; Divisional Superintend e nt P. l. Little, New Zealand ; District Staff Officer Bali Ram Maharaj , Fiji; Dr. Megat Khas. Commissioner, Malaya; Miss P Ohlson New Zealand; Mr. R ea Northern Ir eland ; Corps Offic er M. P eacock, Australia; Distric t Superintendent Otago District, New Zealand , H. M. Smith; District Superintendent Northern Cape, South Africa , F. R edfam; Miss B. Stace , Australia; Mr. and Mrs. L. Stewart. New Zealand; Miss L. Bock , New Zealand ; Mrs. C. A. Everard, District Superintendent, Kenya.
ST. JOHN AMBULANCE - JERSEY
Short Story and Essay Competition
Senior Class
1st Prize: CatheTine Catney, Why my Mother and Father decided to Train as First Aiders; 2nd Prize: Astrid Le Louet, The Valuable Lesson; 3rd Prize: Susan Catney, A Near Tragedy at the Swimming Pool.
Consolation Prizes
Angela Medder; Joan Le Corre; Suzanne Le Miere; Vivienna Jordan; Mandy Filleul; Eunice Pirouet; Jayne Armstrong; Margaret Bisson; Wendy Le V. dit Durell; Colette Eve.
Junior Class 1st Prize: Mark Connolly, Moon Adventure; 2nd Prize: Karen Rault , A New Lesson at a Senior School; 3rd Prize: Sarah Holt, First Aid on the Moon.
Consola tion Prizes
Susan Doyle; Joy McGugan; Christopher Hopton; Susan Raimbault; Louise Shand; Susan Crespel; Susan Maguire; Jennifer Forder; Joanna Pim ; Cathy WINNERS
BASIC FIRST AID
PART I
By J. M. PARK
Regional Ambulance Secretary
This is the fixst of the articles we promised co,vering the basic principles of First Aid. In an industry ]ike ours it is impossible to have too many first aiders, and although yo u may not have had any training, a knowledge of the basic principles such as will be given in these articles may be the means of sa ving someone's life.
Sununarised in priority order, the principles are:
1. Start breathing.
2. Stop bleeding.
3. Protect wounds.
4. Immobilise fractures.
5. Treat shock.
6. Arrange medical attention.
Tills article deals with item 1, and items 2-6 will be dealt with in subsequent articles in "Ahead. "
BREATIDNG
The body cells need oxygen which is obtained from the air inhaled into the lungs, whence it is conveyed to various parts of the bod y by the blood stream.
If for any reason breathing ceases-unless something can be done for the person IMMEDIATELY death may occur, so we have to breathe for him b y applying a direct method of Emergency Resuscitation (Mouth to Mouthor nose).
FIRST AID ON THE MOON
BY SARAH HOLT (age 9)
Jim Castle was a space-age first-aider who was on a trip to Mars in a newly built rocket. His companion, John Spedley (who was a coward), had offered to go with Jim but said that he would stay in the rocket when they reached their dest ination.
Soon they saw the moon was just beneath them, when sud denly Jim s houted , "We are out of petrol and we are falling rapidly " They were both stricken with horror and excitement at their first landing on the moon.
They hit the moon with a bump as the rocket landed. "Oh, wel l I suppose I can explore here just as well as on Mars. Are you coming with me or do you prefer to stay in the rocket?" asked Jim , looking at John. Then John said, " 1 would prefer to Oh , I cut my arm, and it 's hurting so much!" Jim looked at John 's arm. " That 's a very deep cut ", he sai d , "I ought to do something about it before it gets too bad. Stay there a minute while I get my first-aid kit". When he had bandaged up John he put on his space suit and stepped out.
Suddenly his heart dropped as he saw running towards him hundreds of little moon men, with four of them carrying two stretchers on which were two moon men with crowns on their heads.
They came up to him and spoke to him with a horny voice, saying, "This is our King and Queen. They got thrown do wn a water volcano, can yo u do anything to help them ?" So Jim got out his first-aid kit and stopped the blood Then he told a moon man to put his mouth to the King 's and blow so that the King of the moon men would get air in his lungs (if he had any, being a moon man) and be able to breathe better. Then when the King and Queen were better they thanked Jim and gave him a crown of gold for a present. Then Jim went back to the rocket and told John of his adventure with the moon men.
Why my Mother and Father decided to Train as First Aiders BY CATHERINE CATNEY (age 14)
" Wanda, will you hurry up! " yelled Mother, from the breakfast table, where Dad, Tony, and I were waiting patiently for our breakfast.
"Wanda, do hurry!" yelled Tony, "the pancakes are getting colder every minute".
"Coming!" replied a voice, then the bathroom door slammed shut violently.
"Oh", groaned Mum, holding her hands up in despair, "Now she ll come clumping down at breakneck speed, kick the door open and shout, 'Good morning', as if we are a mile away"
Sure enough, clump, clump, down jumped Wanda, but suddenly there was a b loo d-curdling scream, and the house shook as the small figme of Wanda came hurtling do wn. jumped up immediately with Dad close behind, all traces of anger replaced b y anxiety and concern for her youngest daughter.
Wanda lay in a pitiful crumpled heap at the bottom of the stairs. I knelt down beside her, noticing with alarm that her right leg was twisted in a most horrible manner. I belonged to St. John Ambulance Brigade and knew what this meant.
Mum began to so b, after trying to awaken Wanda, in vain. I whispered to Tony, "Phone the ambulance, and tell them to come here at once, then pho]}e the hosJDital amd tell them to get a bed ready for an eight-year-old girl, who has a suspected broken leg. " Tony stared at me, his face of aU colour and picked up the receiver with shaking hands.
"Mum" wi1l you get a blanket, please, and something nice and cool"; I added, noticing a blue llJmp on Wanda's head, 20
swelling rapidly.
"Yes, dear" , she an swere d, and wal ked as if in a trance up tbe stairs.
I made Wanda as comfortable as I could without moving her mucb, while I asked Dad to make a fresh po t of tea for us a ll , as I supposed it would be a good twenty minutes before the ambulance arrived. At that moment Tony came back and confirmed my thoughts.
"The ambulance will be about twenty minutes, Caro", be murmured.
"Oh, Caro! poor Wanda. What will happen to her?"
"She'll be okay," I whispered shakily.
Tbe next quarter of an hour dragged like days , and I almost fainted with relief when the siren was heard some distance away.
In no time at all the ambulance men h ad taken over, and we all climbed si lentl y into the vehicle and sat down beside the still form of Wanda lying on the stretcher.
"O h , Caro! " Mum whispered , squeezing my hand tigl1tly.
"You were marvellous, darling. I really don't know what we would have done without you. Do tbey teach you all that at your St. John Ambulance Cadets?"
"Yes,"J replied, and was very pleased when she that she and Dad had been tbjnking it over, and had decided to join sLlch a worthy orga.nisation.
"After all", s he said with a rather wateTY smile, "We can't have our outdoing us, can we?"
Well, Wanda was a11 right and Mum and Dad joined the Brigade , with very satisfactory results, and are more than pleased that they did •••• (See also page 21)
Such all' emergency can be caused by contact with electrical current; this in particular is mentioned because the 25 K.V. overhead system is now part of everyday life on our Region, and the danger s hould not be underestimated.
ACTION TO BE TAKEN-AFTER
Safety regulations have been observed:
Place casualty on ills back.
Ensure a free airway by:
Pressing his head backwards until the skin at the back of neck " corrugates."
Place your hands under ills chin and draw lower jaw upwards and fo rwards.
Open your mouth wide-take a deep breath.
Place your mouth over his-seal his nose with yOUI" cheek (or nip hi s nose with yo ur fingers).
lrutlate his lungs and watch fo r chest to rise.
Give first 6 inflations as quickly as possible.
After which inflation rate should be 10 per minute.
In the case of a young child proceed as above-but seall both mouth and nOSe with your mouth.
Breathe gently into the lungs.
Rate of inflation 20 per minute.
If circumstances do not pemlit casualty's mouth to be opened, inflations can be via his nos e.
BASIC FIRST AID, PART II
"The Red River of Life" September Issue
Thes e articles are re printed by courtesy oj "A HEAD." 21
When they had fixed the rocket they went back to earth. Jim will always remember the da y he did first aid on the moon. •••• (Moon Adventure- page 22)
MOON ADVENTURE
BY MARK CON NOll r (age II)
The twinklin.g lights on the control panel stopped flashing, there was a slIght bump and the engines died with a long murmur. Jim Hobbs breathed a sigh of relief "Well at least we made it, now we've only got to get back''>, he Jim and his partner, Andy Donaldson, had just landed on the moon, and in 1972 they were the first ones to ever do so.
A few minutes later they entered the air lock and shut the visors in their space-helmets, once outside, they would have to communicate by radio. As the outer door opened they had first taste of weightlessness in space, and they found it difficult to use the small folding ladder that had just come from beneath them. Soon Jim and Andy had just become the first men to ever stand on the moon.
They now met with an unexpected problem, they stood up to t?eir knees in a thick layer of moon dust, and could not see Just what they were standing on. A quick report to earth, and they set off. They had been told to go on a short expedition collecting specimens of all they could find on the moon's surface.
The walking did not really tire them much, as every step they took carried them twelve feet <Dr more. After only a few minutes Andy fell heavily, but although his geiger counter was brok<tn he was unhurt. A close search later revealed that Andy had caught his foot in a small rupture of the moon's surface.
Then they moved on, and not long afterwards they reached the ri@ge of low mountains around the crater which they had landed in, Kepler. They took some geological samples and climbed to the top of the ridge, and only then did they notice that their oxygen supply had almost half gone, and that they must be getting back.
Just as they began to make out the bubble-like form of their swace-sh: in the distance, Jim, too, fell over what proved to be none other than a small meteovite crater. He let out a cry of pain, and a blanket of darkness came over him. It was very lucky that Andy had learned first aid as part of his training, and he knew just how to analyse and treat the wound. He soon found that Jim had fractured his thigh and become Unconscious.
He took some bandages and splints from the first-aid kit on his back. First he put a padded splint between the limbs and another one on the outer side of the injured leg. This he tied around the chest and around the hips with bandages. Then he added more bandages ar<Dund the legs and carried Jim back to the space-ship. After putting him in the position for unconsciousness Andy started preparing the controls for blast off-to Earth.
A Dance in aid of St. John Ambulance London (Prince of Wales's) District
Markham (W.R. Yorks.), tied 3rd. Hong Kong Cup, Hingston Bowl.
High Wycombe Police (Bucks.), tied 3rd. Ellis Cup.
Dungannon Ambulance & Nursing (N. Ireland), Copeland-Griffiths Trophy.
Nursing:
St. Marychurch, Torquay (E.S .N. Devon), 3rd. Stewart Cup .
Maidenhead (Berks.), Grosvenor Cup.
Spalding (Lines.), The Mountbatten, the Ellis & the Golding a wards.
Ambulance Cadets:
Donisthorpe (Leics.), New Zealand Cup.
Bearpark (Durham), Jarvis Cup
Nursing Cadets: Trelewis (Wa1es), White Knox and :Bedmaking Cups.
Spalding (Lincs.), Emdon Cup.
Brixton (Londen District), The Cunard Cup.
Report and pictures in September issue.
BOOKSHELF
KING + SIR HARRY· LUKE
THE KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN
The first edition of the history of the Order by the late Sir Edwin King was published in 1924 entitled "The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England." Sir Edwin was a man with many cultural and humanitarian interests, foremost amongst them was his association with the Order in which he held three of its Executive Offices as Registrar, Librarian and Chancellor.
Sir Harry Luke, Bailiff Grand Cross, Bailiff of Egle of the Order, has revised and continued this fascinating work.
In his Foreword the Lord Prior, The Lord Wakehurst, says "This has been a considerable task, but by no one better qualified for it than Sir Harry with his a1most life-long knowledge of the Eastern Mediterranean, his deep studies of the history of The Order of St. John, his close association with the government of the Venerable Order for some 40 years , and the literary ability which has made his books popular throughout the whole English -speaking world."
The book is attractively bound in scarlet with the Cross of the Order embossed in white and gold on the cover.
Published by The Order of St. John. Price 50s.
A WONDERFUL OPPORTUNITY FOR TWO
Couple wanted for one year for a St. John Headquarters overseas Man would have responsibility for efficient organising and running of Headquarters and would be expected to travel occasionally. Wife should have good secretarial training and should be capable of taking over responsibility of Headquarters in husband's absence Both must have sound St. John background and good knowledge of Association and Brigade organisation. Good salary; free furnished fiat over office; free use of office car: and two free return air passages. Ages between 25 and 50.
Please apply giving full particulars, through your Commissioner, to the:: Director Overseas Department, 1, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I, and if suitable, further details will be supplied.
FIRST THINGS FIRST
BY MICHAEL SENNOCKE
"I wan.£-.you to practise on each other" says our instructor resplendent in his first aid man's black uniform with medai ribbons. " I don't mind what you do, so long as I see you do it." The mixed class guffaws, titters, or sniggers according to temperament. The ice is broken, and we wait to be initiated into the art of bandaging. First the fundamentals: "We have here the I"oint of our triangular bandage, and this is our base." ("Oh, no!" whispers Bert, who fought in the war "j ust like the parts of the rifle.") ,
"Now we start with the arm sling. I want a volunteer " No one stirs, so the instructor recruits one of the more attractive girls as a patient; she giggles feebly while we cheer him ':In. UI" and over, round the back, tie with a reef knot, tuck m the ends: "You'll have to imagine the safety pin we don't issue them to our classes because we never get "em back."
We I"rogress to more bandaging of head, hand, foot, and back. It IS an art form, complete in itself satisfying like Origami paperfolding; sonie of the results would not be out of place on an Egyptian mummy. On to the knee and thigh. George, I"erspiring freely, is struggling to knot a bandage round the hairy leg of his partner; he looks covetously at his neighbour who prudently chose a nicely proportioned blonde. "Cor, don't you think we should chang€ over for the next one 7" No response.
At the next class we move on to resuscitation. "You do not," says our instructor sternly, "practise the mouth-tomouth method on each other." The class registers relief or disappointment, depending on the assortment of partners. yve are introduced to Annie, a life-sized plastic girl who is infiatecl. by a pump. When raised to three-diniensional life she bears an uncanny resemblance to one of the girls in the class; we approach her gingerly, with an eerie feeling that we have strayed into science fktion. Her pale lips have been doused in a foul-tasting disinfectant. The instructor urges us to blow harder: "My dear, you wouldn't revive a pussy".
NEVER GIVE UP HOPE
Next we practise starting Annie's heart by striking her plastic chest a sharp blow with the palm of the hand. "You may break a rib or two, but that can always be put right later." Obviously another one we can't tryon each other. We can, test our partners' pulses by holding the wrist, or by applymg the ear to the chest. Above or below the bosom 7 The diffident ones are afraid to ask. We are warned never to give up hope of reviving a victim; the doctor's dilemma is not for the likes of us. There is, too, a practiGal aspect; we have admitted that our patient is dead, we are lumbered WIth a body which must be piloted through all the formalities demanded by the State before we can hand over to the undertaker. The ambulance men won't want to know about it.
Next week, reality and experience cmne a little closer. The topic is bleeding, and we all know someone whose nose bled for three hours. Quite unnecessary, says the instructor' pinch the nose and it will stop. All the keys down the back' of the neck, all that lying on the floor; no more than old wjves' We .learn that se!ious bleeding must be stopped by gettmg qUIckly to the slte and applying pressure. Decorum <l;nd inhibition must go: "Some women," says he impassively, , can be very tricky"
When we start using splints the room begins to resemble a tableau of The Death of Nelson: hastily-bandaged wounded lie provped against the furni ture amiol a cornusioIil! of wooden spars .and. torn only the blood is missing. The ship's captam pIcks his way through the chaos, offering words of encouragement 0r criticism: "That's a granny knot you have there, Sir ... if he can still speak when you've finished you haven't done it tight enough". '
WHAT NOT TO DO
We learn, gradually, that a fu'st aider's nwst important pieces of knowledge concern what he must not do. Don't lift a man with an injured spine, you may put him in a wheelchair for life. Don't give the wounded patient cups of tea and hot water bottles, even it if was standard practice not so long ago. We begin to reflect that next time we shall not be able to pass by on the other side; the inwerfect knowledge will have to be applied, the inadequate treatment attempted. The ribald exchanges become fewer, the instructor fires sharp questions at us: "What are the signs of internal bleeding 7 What is the treatment for shock 7" Such things must be learned by rote, or we shall never remember them under stress. This is, we realise, one of the few fields of knowledge where examination conditions match up with real life: no tinie to look it up, no time to ask someone else, no time to split hairs over diagnosis.
On the day of the exam there is much nervous exchanging of questions, many hurried references to the manual. The instructor tells us not to worry; "I've got a nice doctor to examine you." And he is, too; a benign, rubicund old gentleman with a large umbrella that falls half open as he hands it over for safe keeping. A reassuring doctor, straight out of a children's story book. When we answer his helpfully worded questions correctly he beams with relief and rubs his hands together: "Yes, yes, very good, that's quite right." At the end he gathers us together and confides: ''I'm not allowed to tell you now who has passed but I can tell you that Nobody has Failed."
When it is all over and the doctor has departed after shaking hands all round, we counteract the feeling of anticlimax by adjourning to the pub round the corner. The instructor is about to start on his wartime experiences when, from the road outside, there is a screeching of brakes followed by a metallic thud and the sound of voices raised in alarm. "Blimey," says Bert, "we're in business."
Reprinted by courtesy of "The Guardian" and the Author.
PRIORY FOR WALES
MISS VERA LOVETT RETIRES
Miss Vera Lovett, a long and faithful servant to the Priory for Wales, has retired after 48 years of devoted service, having served loyally under three Principal Secretaries- Sir Herbert Lewis, Hon. John H. Bruce and Lt.-Col. J R L. Traherne.
Her efficiency and dedication to her life work as the Priory Secretary was reflected right throughout the Principality, and a great measure of the progress and success of the many activities in the Priory for Wales was due to her outstanding competence and genius in administration. The value of her contribution was recognised by the award of the M B.E. al1d she was a Conmiander (Sister) of the Order.
At a special meeting of the Priory Council the Prior, Lord Aberdare, presented Miss Lovett with an inscribed silver salver. It was typical of her that in her acknowledgement she said the gift would be returned to the Priory in her Will.
Miss Lovett has moved to Weston-super-Mare to spend her well-earned retirement, and, even now, she cannot resist her longing to help others as she has taken up much charitable work.
Miss Lovett takes with her the best wishes of the Staff at Priory House and her many friends and admirers throughout the Priory for Wales-and all over the world.
GRAND PRIOR'S TROPHY COMPETITIONSBOTH SIDES OF THE PICTURE
Mr. F. E. Winniatt, District Ambulance Secretary Aberdare, Glamorgan , writes:
"I and a number of colleagues think that the Seymour London, was a poor venue for such a premier competltJOn.
The staging for the men s test was very high and so far back that it was impossible for spectators, even in the front r ows , to hear and extremely difficult for anyone to see what was gomg on
The women s test was cramped and the competitors had difficulty in working.
The individual tests were staged in a long , narrow room where the spectators were cramped and could shuffle in and out between the rows of chairs, with great difficulty.
It was impossible to get a cup of tea and had to go out to search for one Some of the spectators had travelled considerable distances to att end and, as strangers to the di s trict , were very nearly casualties them selves before they managed to find refreshment.
I have attended many St. John Ambulance Competitions an? two of the best in 1967 were the Brigade Finals at Fairfield Halls, Croydon and the London Transport Finals at Alderham Works, Borehamwood."
Mr. David Hallard , Competition Secretary, St. John Ambulance H.Q. , replies :
"The limitations on staging a competition of this magnitude at Seymour Hall are appreciated but alternative venues in Central London are very sparse and precluded by cost and bookings.
The stewarding at this competition is carried out entirely by volunteers who are drawn from all parts of London and are expected to be in attendance by 8.30 a.m. It would therebe unreas0!1abJe and impracticable to suggest that they Journeyed to FalIfield Halls , Croydon, by this hour.
This, again, is a very costly building to hire and the internal is limited to guests. The majority of stewards and competItors. have. to eat out at an adjoining school canteen, which IS not available mid-week in term time.
Regarding catering at Seymour Hall, a public buffet was open on the balcony throughout the day for light refresh!Dents and tea. There are many public houses and cafes in the viciJ?ity where food can be purchased at far more competJtlve pnces than those in the locality of Failfield Halls, Croydon.
Because of Fire Precautions the width of the settin a for the women s t.eam test is determined by the position otthe exit doo.rs. It IS agreed that the best use was not made of the avallable space ?n this occasion, because the scenery designer unfortunately died suddenly before the competition "
Note : Having been closely associated with the National First Aid Finals for ten years I have seen the immense amount of thought and work that both Mr. George Craft and Mr. David have.put into each one- big or small Anyone with sLl1ular expenence would share, I feel sure, the admiration one feels for results they produced )<Ilith limited funds and, worse still, difflcult and scarce accommodation. Not least ofall the careful which is given to what it is going to the competitors and those who come to cheer- or COJ11lnISerate. J think they deserve a "big hand " , including of course , the "back-room" boys and girls who support thel17-':"Ed 25
LETTERS
Dear Mrs. Richards,
I wonder if it will be possible for me to acknowledge a parcel that I have received con.taining camoufiage garment s, puzzles and badges for the chlldren of Vietnam through a small item in your magazine. '
I a few garments accompanied b y a cop y of you r magazme, whIch I found most interesting, but unfortuna tel y there was no name and address enclosed.
Yours sincerely , A NN A VESSEY ,
Organising Secretary, Children 's Comm it tee Medical Aid for Vietnam. '
Dear Mrs Richards
I was visiting Headquarters last week on the occa s io n of the return of three films which we had loaned to us to sh o w ?ur Student Nurses I saw your most interesting " Re vie w" m the entrance hall and it is many years since I last read the " Review " I mentioned this to Mrs. Lionel de Rothschild our Divisional Nursing Superintendent , and she kindl y said she would arrange to have some copies sent to me Incidentally, Mrs. Lionel does such noble work here under tremendous difficulties As you no doubt already know ne w members are not easily obtainable and present and' pa st members do not always find it easy to attend regularly I have had the great honour of becoming their VicePreSident and although I do not wear uniform I am pr o ud to wear the badge on official occasions.
We have a large School of Nursing in the building and we are able to offer this cla ssroom free to Mrs Lionel 's cl a ss every Tuesday evening throughout the year. My childhood memories of being a Cadet in St. John 's are still very vivid and , therefore, I am so glad to ha ve t he opportunity of renewing m y acquaintance with the " Re vie w" . With best wishes , Y ours sincerely, HILDA G BROMB Y, Matron , Bethnal Green Ho spit al
IS IT RIGHT?-IS IT WRONG? An article in l as t w eek's " G a z ette & Hera ld" b y P e te
A s a St. John Ambul a nce cadet I a m up t o d a te with such inform a tion which goes a s f ollows : I. - Reas sure the p a ti ent
OPTIMISM
If
Success would lose the
That now invests the name, And all endeavours speedil y Would sink to common plane. So failure has its virtues , Although at s ight concealed , For gainst the background failure makes , Succe s shows sharp revealed.
c. C. Wiggin. Reprinted /rom
The Training and Use of Cadet N.C.O.s-cont. from page 8
(c) <;adet Nursing Divisions of average size, 37, should III addition to (a) have: 2 Divisional Officers, 2 Sergeants and 5 Corporals.
(d) Any well-esfablished Division of the size that we are talking of should certainly be in a position to have had at least one Camet Leader appointed. If they haven ' t, it simply means that the job is not being done properly.
(e) Every Division should have an Advisory Committee wllics:h functions; and it is highly desirable that Cadet Divis}ons should take an early opportunity of formmg a Parents' Association.
So , if in your Division the number of Divisional Officers , Sergeants and Corporals is below establishment, and unless someone who is not the Superintendent is doing the work of Secretary, Treasurer and Storekeeper have the courage to close your doors to recruits until you have put these matters right ; and make the finding and training of the missing adult helpers, and the appomtment and training of the missing N.C.O.s your first objective during the next twelve months, even if Cadet numbers go down slightly in consequence. If you ask ho::v to find more helpers, let me suggest (a) that your fnends are much more likely to help if they realize that you are asking several peopl8 each to do a job of modest size than if the person you ask knows that you are asking him or her to become your overworked and only helper ; and (b) that one method of recruitment that is too little adopted is to consult the Cadets themselves-they will often know who to get, and can be very effective recruiting agents for adult help.
2. Having and appointed your N.C.O.s, give them tramIllg at a separate meeting away from the rest of the Division, even if this meeting can t be held weekly. Train them in skills-First Aid and Home Nursing, of course, but others as wdlwhich can pass on to Cadets in small groups , and tram th.em m how to do the passing on . A small group IS far the best unit for training through the proper use of N.C.O.s-better for the Cadets because they will learn from their own age-group better than they learn from you or me (a humbling thought, but true!); better fo·r the N.C.O.s, because they will be gaining the qualities of character leadership and initiative that we are under obligation to develop in them; and better for you, the Officers because, although you will have a (small) extra meeting of N.C.O .s (either weekly or as nearly so as possible), when the Division meets as a whole you will be able to sit back and watch (whi.ch is what you ought to be doing) instead of hectIcally rushing rouned doing everything yourselves.
3. Encourage the Cadets to transfer to an Adult Division at the right time, i.e., as soon as possible after they have struck 16. I know they've just reac.hed the stage at which they are really useful to you: but we've got to think of what is best for the Brigade as a whole. This involves a sacrifice on the part of the Cadet Superintendent, but it's one that has got to be faced and accepte d if the Cadets who ought to be going up (because they are ready for adult and more adventmous activities) are not gomg to be browned off, and if the next year's agerange below them is not going to be held bad: in the training an d experience lI hat this stage they should be receiving as neWly-promoted N.C.O.s
4. Concentrate throughout our Cadet Divisional work on training happy, healthy, useful citizens with special emphasis on First Aid and Home Nursing, but by no means limiting our training to these alone 26
-keeping in mind and view the Grand 'Prior's Badge as th e ultimate symbol of achievement-a nd also with special emphasis on developing character, leadership and initiative.
When we have done all this we shall find that without deliberately trying to do so we have incidentally produced a number of young people of whom many will want to join an Adult Division when their time comes. But don ' t worry about a certain amount of leakage. Cadet training, if properly carried out, is a form of youth activity that should be attractive to most boys and girls. Adult Brigade work, on the other hand, is a form of vocational spare-time service to the community which will not necessarjly appeaL to all ex-Cadets Anyone who thinks that all ex-Cadets necessarily ought to want to join Adult Divisions is living in a cloud-cuckoo-Iand. But no good work is ever wasted, and if we have done our job properly the Cadets who don t either join Adult Divisions or train as Doctors or Nurses or full-time First Aiders will unquestionably be the sort of people who will do useful service for the community in some other capacity-as well as being better equipped than they would otherwise have been to deal with any emergencies that they may meet as wives, mothers , employees and members of the community in which they live.
In conclusion , let me give you a few final thoughts about the training and Use of N.C.O .s.
The appointment of N.C.O.s does not solely depend on the quality of the boy or girl appointed: its purpose is to develop and improve that quaJity. All young people are variable creatures and may sometimes prove unreliable, for the teens are a period of change and
As their leaders we ha ve just got to accept thIS fact, and expect to be let down disappointing and frustrating when it happens, but we have to recognise is as an occupational hazard! If we waited to appoint an N C.O until we found a boy or girl of " perfect N.C.O quality ," we should have to wait for ever-and I sometimes wonder if that's what some Superintendents are doing!
in Leadership is a long-term process, and the appollltment of N C.O s does not produce quick results.
But from the first it is essential that they should be the king-pins in the life of the Division, and the Superintendent must deliberately build up the status of the N C.O.s and create an atmosphere in which they can take the lead.
Of course, there is no question of using N .C. O .s exclusively for instructional purposes Some subjects require adult and expert instruction, but unless the N.C.O is used as instructor and leader as often as is wisely possible , one of the greatest opportunities for the character-development of our older Cadets will be lost. To this end, officers must give constant help to N.C.O .s in the following ways :
1. Whenever instruction is being given in small groups , use N.C.O.s (p r eviously taught and briefed) as instructors except in subjects in which adult and expert instruction is essential.
2. Instruct the N .C. O.s at separate meetings held specially for this purpose, and remember to give them tips on how to teach as well as what to teach.
3. Give them the privilege of advance knowledge about all Divisional activities , not necessarily in detail.
4. Invite and welcome from them suggestions about Divis ional activities and programmes, and enlist theili help in planning and carrying out
5. Remember that in training groups 0'£ Cadets, the N.C.O.s will uncoJiilsciously imitate the methodsand sometimes even the mannerisms- of their Officers. I need not underline tIDe challenge that that presents to you and me!
(Continued on facing page)
"After Adam came Eve"-cont from page 12 carried up cliff faces and similar situations could not always be strictly according to the textbook. Rarely now does one hear a comment that " this could have been done better "; rather now the nurses attitude could be construed as "however the men manage to do such a good job under those conditions defeats me".
The first official appearance of the new Mobile Nursing Squad was at a Rescue Squad weekend training camp at the Victoria District permanent training site at Yarra Junction.
A lthough the time of preparation had been limited to four weeks, and the only financial resources were those provided by the nurses themselves, their turn-out in appearance and efficiency was very creditable. A well-designed practical uniform, white blouse and black s lacks, gave the new nurses an attractive penguin-like appearance.
At previous exercises casualties had been sought, diagnosed, treated and transported by members of the Rescue Squads, but on their return to base no further procedures had been required. On this, and subsequent occasions , however, the Squad members were required to hand over officially their casualties to the Mobile Nursing team who continued treatment, reassessing the severity and nature of injuries and the condition of patients, redressing wounds , when neces sa ry, and inst ituting such further treatment as was indicated.
That thi s additional service rendered by St. John will be of value and appreciated there is no doubt. Occasions will arise when their services wi ll be needed in deadly earnest. As with all emergency services, however , the present need is tD create a unit capable of rapid mobilisation great adaptability and mobility and to keep this unit at readiness for any eventuality, and whilst hoping disasters will not occur , yet be ready to meet them when and if they come, and to extend this idea throughout St. John in Victoria That this can be achieved with a personnel mainly comprising housewives and women with families says much for their interest , keenness and enthusiasm as well as the tolerance of their families.
The encouragement of the District Commissioner, Lt.-Colonel Geoffrey Newman-Morris , and all members of his District Staff has been readily given and gratefully appreciated. This greatly facilitated the task of establishing s uch a unit in the minimum of time. Happy relations exist with the Commanding Officer, Rescue Squads , District Officer Mr. Max Phelan, under whose overall command Mobi le Nursing operates , and with our sister organisation the Australian Red Cross Society.
The objects and rules of the Mobile Nursing Squad have been drawn up and are as follows:
Provisional approval ha s been given to set up a mobile squad of nursing members to act essentially in close conjunction with, but if found necessary, independent to the Rescue and Mobile (Ambulance) organisation. The initial experimental squad will be formed from twelve members of the Ormond Nursing Division
The Training and Use of Cadet N.C.O.s-cont.
6. As well as their giving group-instruction in various skills, encourage N .C. O.s to plan , organize and actually put across various games and competitions to the whole Division.
7. As their experience and qual ities of leadership become more fully developed , give them very occasionally (say, two or three times a year, at most) the opportunity of planning and actually running a complete Divisional meeting-wi th a Cadet Leader or Sergeant taking the part of Superintendent, and other N .C. O.s taking the part of Divisional Officers and other adult heLpers. Preferably (and to avoid an embarrassing row of adult wallflowers) all Officers and adult helpers should on this occasion "abandon rank " and take the part of Cadets for the evening. 27
The objects of the mobile squad are as under:
(a) The specialised treatment and care of the injured and s uffering in times of National or local emergencies.
(b) The organisation and staffing of casualty treatment centres as required, at sites of such emergencies.
(c) The release of Rescue and Mobile (Ambulance) personnel from Base treatment duties to field requirements
(d) To have self-sufficient unites) of nursing personnel, trained and available on call for such emergencies
(e) To train nursing personnel in specialised field work. The proposed rules of the mobile squad, subject to review and alteration, are as follows:
(i) The name will be Mobile Squad (Nursing) .
(ii) General Regulations will apply
(iii) District Officer , Rescue and Mobile Training (Ambulance) will be responsible and in command.
(iv) The said District Officer will keep informed District Superintendent (N) of personnel movements and activities as and where required.
(v) An Officer (Nursing) will be in charge (0 il c and answerable at all times to D I O Rescue and Mobile Training (A).)
(vi) The 0 ilc will be responsible for all training, efficiency, and welfare of members.
(vii) The 0 il c will be responsible for qualification , efficiency, etc., of recruits.
(viii) The 0 ilc will be responsible to see that all members are suitably uniformed and equipped.
(ix) Special (Mobile) Dress Regulations will apply
(x) The 0 il c will be responsible for the approval of Nursing Personnel as recruits for Mobile Squad (Nursing), giving consideration to the following basic qualifications:
1. Seventy-five per cent. or greater pass mark in F I A and H / N examinations.
2. Ability to apply theory to field practice.
3. Mobility.
4. Age
5. Physical Fitness.
6. Discipline
7. Appearance
8. Reliability.
9. Domestic and other responsibilities.
10. Divisional Efficiency and Report.
(xi) All members must be conversant with and adaptable to the Qualities and Duties of a Good Nurse , as laid down in the current Nursing Manual.
(xii) All nursing personnel wishing to enrol must be conversant with basic requirements and qualifications necessary, prior to application.
(xiii) All Recr uits will be subject to probationary membersh ip pending ascertainment of suitability for full membership.
(Co11linued 011 page 29 :
If you are a Superintendent /Divisional Officer worth your salt, it will do you no harm to submit to one of your N.C.O.s inspecting y our lUliform (and no doubt finding something wrong with it!) an d making you take part in whatever skills competitions and games he and his fellows ha ve included in their programme Your dignity w ill not suffer, your prestige will be raised and not lowered , and you will probably find this the most valuable way of assessing the development of character a nd leadership ameng those you have been training
8 . Finally, encourage N.C.O.s to attend any form of training provided for them on a County or Area basis-such as the " Tran sition-group Adventure Training Weekend that we hold annually in this county.
APPEALS CORNER
Some of our VIsItors think We are a lighthearted departmep.t and indeed it is our aim to be so: you have to be lighthearted to get blood out of stones! Nonetheless, this month has been hectic indeed in our office and we are grateful to Miss Elizabeth Luke who spasm odically lends her valuable and decorative assistance to the department.
Tara Ball
The launching party for the " TARA" Ball (to be held on October 3) was a great success. The Press were there in force and so we are looking forward to some nice publicity, whilst the presenCe of the Lord Prior and Lady Wakehurst, together with the dignitaries from the U.K. and overseas Priories attending the Grand Priors Advisory Council, gave the party a really splendid air. Miss Georgina Stonor (whose mother is so well known in Oxfordshire) has very kindly consented to be Chairman of the Junior Committee and is already organising a most attractive crowd of male and female bright young things to help her.
AppUcattioDt fGrms for tickets (£5 5s., including supper) for the. BaH (Octobel' 3, at Hurlingham Qub remember) are nO'w ava.ilable as well as raffle tickets (2s. 6d. each in books of 12) so please let us kno'W how maDlY of each you require.
W@ have now heard that the Pipers and Dancers of
the Irish Guards have agreed to pedorm that night. As you know they are well worth seeing.
A full report on the professiona,l wrestling a,t the Albcli HaU will be published in our next issue.
Golf Match
On September 8 we hope to stage a charity golf match, in conjunction with the Feathers Clubs. This will be between the well known comedians Val Doonican and Dickie Henderson partnered respectively by the professional players Clive Clark a nd Brian Barnes. The match will be in the Bournemouth area, so you know now where to spend yo ur summer holida ys.
A Warm Thank you
Our gratitude is due to aU those who have sent in prizes fGr raffles and tombola and they have 311 been thanked individually. But we still need a JOlt more, so please help.
We are also grateful to those firms taking advertising space in prGgl'anlmes and very much hope th ey will find their generosity rewarding.
"GIMMICK"
On the gimmick side, JOHN LENNON, of the BeatJes, has come up with a s impl y spl e ndid idea: he is sponsoring and contributing to an Art Exhibition in London a nd is anxious that the admission charges should be contributed to charity. Visitors to the exhibition wi ll therefore find in the foyer of the gallery collecting boxes from many charities.
Instead of paying admission they will b e asked to place a donation in whichever bo x they choose and thus support the charity of their choice.
Something on these lines may be worth attempting locally.
(Lef !) THE COMMISSIONER-IN-CHIEF, LT.-GEN. SIR WILLIAM PIKE ; Dir ecto r-G eneral, Sir Philip Southwell and Mr. Eddie Patman , Dir ec t or of Publi City , at th e Tara Ball launching party.
PICTURE SHOWS: The South African contingent on arrival at London Airport on th eir way to attend the Int ernational Jubile e Camp in Swansea. Christopher J o hn Blunden, 16 , of Pretoria; Bridget Helen Levy, 17, of lo'bur g; Lindsay Whyte-Sweet, 16, of Durban ; Agatha l ohanna Botha, 15, of Trans vaa l ; lonathan Schwarz, 15, of lo burg; Catherine B owen, 16, of East London; Brand Bernard 16 of lo 'burg, and Kathleen Tomlinson, 17, of Durban , all on their first visi t h ere
OCCUPATIONAL FIRST AID
In 1966, 296,610 accidents in industry (701 of which were fatal) were repolied to the Factory Inspectorate,.* and as it is estimated that the failure to report rate IS about 30 per cent, it is likel y that over 380,000 occurred.
It is obvious that early treatment of injuries will do much to prevent worsening and to promote recovery. Early treatment in the working en viro nment must, in most ca es, be by the first aiders- only the larger firms, or those sma ll concerns which share a group health service , can support medical and nursing staff.
The Factory Act, 1961, requires first aid arrangements in all factories and prescribes stan dards of equipment and of trained personnel (nursing or first aid) which vary wit h the numbers of persons employe d in the factory.
The Construction (Hea l th a nd Welfare) Regul atio ns , 1966 , made under the Factory Acts , Jays do wn first aid requireme nt s for building operations an d works of engineering construction
The OfT-ices , Shops and Railway Premises Act First Aid Order, 1964 requires simi lar conditions for people employed on these premises offices, shops an d railway buildings near the permanent way
In additio n to these statutory requirements, many industrial organisation have their own medical and / or fir t aid arrangements which have often been in existence for years.
First Aid training is given by the vo lunt ary aid societies-Sl. ] ohn Ambulance , the St. Andrew's Ambulance As ociat ion and the B.R.C.S. and a lso by the Gre ate r London Co uncil the Harlow Industrial Health Centre and the Centra l Middlesex Industrial Health Centre. This training a nd the ren ewal of qualifications every three years i a statutory requirement where a factory employs more t h a n 50 workers or, in the case of the Offices , Shops and Railway Premises Act , where more than 150 persons are emp loyed.
The St. John Ambulance publishes, in addition to the Joint Manual of First Aid , an Occupational First Aid text book designed to meet the needs of First Aiders in indu try and forms the syl labus for an examination leading to (he award of the Occupational First Aid Certificate to those who have already qualified for a F irst Aid Certificate.
*Annual Report of H.M. C hie f Inspector of Factories 1966 Cmnd 3358.
(xiv) members of Mobile Squad (Nursing) must retain their respective Divisional Membership and Efficiency, and as such remain under the direction of their respecti ve Divisional Superintendents, whilst not directly engaged in Field service.
(xv) Divisio'Ilal Rank will be retained, but at all times will be subservient to Mobile Squad leadership from time to time, subject to the di scre tion of the 0 ilc, whilst in the field.
(See a lso " Review", Febn.lary 1968).
REVIEW CROSSWORD No. 8
Compiled by W. A. Potter
ACROSS
1. Nurse concerned with prevention rather than treatment of disease.
10. Fever with marked variation between morning and evening temperatures.
11. Singers upset rich about nothing.
12. Valve preventing back-flow of blood during contraction of left ventricle.
13. Intestinal parasite must lose its head for a cure.
15. Inanimate object.
17. Change of tour produces utter defeat.
18. An example could be 29 Across , 3 Down or 9 Down.
20. Conm10n point to site of appendicitis pain.
21. Conception of arid earth.
22. Frequently number follows preposition
24. Type or organism causing anthrax , tetanus and diphtheria.
25. Structure tlu'ough which baby takes milk.
28. Wild rose.
29. Produced by disturbance or disease of the labyrinth.
30. Infectious disease which may have serious effects in early pregnancy. DOWN
2. Twisted me then encountered an ant.
3. Drowsiness and apathy often part of an illness.
4. Disruptable person formed by calcaneum
5. Haemorrhage producing signs of cerebral compression.
6. Divisions of foot.
7. I got tools for specialist in diseases of the ear.
8. Given special care in the maternity unit.
9. Often a first sign of hyperthyroidism.
14 Rude nation stirred worker's organisation.
16 Capable of transmitting organisms of disease.
19. Doctor and broken idol before us at centre of cochlea.
23. A local anaesthetic with intoxicating drink creates a scare.
26, Five new will equal twelve of the present ones.
27. Suitable suffix for one with adequate strength of skill.
First Aid fer Animals-cant. (rom page 14
If, however, the animal appears to be suffering a narcotic poison-that is, the syfi1J.(')toms show stimulants are needed. Strong coffee, black tea, gIven by the mouth, either alone or in warm water If a dose of whisky or brandy, as for bleedmg will assist.
Soap and water enemas help the bowels to act and should be given, if possible.
FITS
Though alarming to view, fits may resul t from no very serious cause, and they alie referred to here rather from the point of view of what not to do. ,
Puppies , for instance, at the penod of cuttmg theIr permanent teeth when three to six months old, often have sudden attacks.
The animal may fall to the ground, struggle, loud noises or rush round the room (if the attack occurs mdoors) dashU;g itself against the furniture. ..,
It is best left alone until the fit subsides, and It IS deslrable then to handle it, or excite it, as litthil as possible. Guard open fires
Place it in a darkened, quiet room, apart from human beings or other animals, a supply of fresh water, to await examination by a vet<mnary surgeon.
While referring to fits, it is as well to mentIOn that an animal in a fit is not permanently and conseqll:ently there is no additional danger from a bIte or any neceSSIty to destroy it at once
Th@ cause, of course, may be a serious 0l!e, particularly m the eas@ of old dogs , where it may be lexy, but more often than not it is of SImple ongm as mentioned above.
FRACTURES
Possibly the most important :'first-aid ': effort can b.e is to keep the animal as stIl l and qUiet un111 veterinary assistance can be procured. The mJury may be comparatively simple, as in case of a clean or very comt>licated indeed, where sku:!: and surroundmg tissue are tom, and bone split and broken m places
Wherever splints or bandages are bemg applied to fractured limbs it is essential to ensure that the surface of skin is well padded with cotton-wool and that the 'pressure IS evenly distributed; failure in this respect results m parts of the skin becoming dead and gangrenous through obstructIOn to the blood flow.
Temporary spliThts can be imwrovised. from firewoC!d, or "Meccano " strips. In many cases small adhesiv@ plaster over the bandage gives all the ngIdity required.
WOUNDS
It is desirable to cleanse a wound, superficial o.r as 300Fl as possible, and the keynote of such attentIOn IS cleanliness.
All adherent blood, grit, or other extraneous matter should be removed by bathing with hot or water, when doing so, the injury should be as lIttle as pOSSIble. Hold the swab above the wound and allow the water trickle OVtU it applying afte.rwards:, if some .antIseptic, such as a weak solutlOn @f Dettol ; fadmg a solution of warm salt and water (1 teaspoonful to the pmt) may be used.
Slight wounds, or !lo! deep, may not reqUIre bandaging, but more senous mJunes do.
After cleansing and dressing, apply a pIece of hnt over the surface and bandage over the dressing
All but the most severe haemorrhages from. m limbs of small amimals can be controlled by. caSIng t.he. lImb in cottoFl-wool, and bandagi®g the hmb. ThiS IS far prefe.rali>le to tourniquets, @r frequent batm.mg.
DETECTION AND CURE OF LAMENESS _
In all eases of lameness in horses, except where the cause is very obvious it is a safe plan to have the shoe removed, so that the foot be examined. The lameness may be due to a tight nail, that is, a nail that has not actually penetrated the 30
seTrls iti ve pa Ft of the foot, bu t has been driven too close to the latteF, alild (;;auses pressure. The remedy is to remove the oiendiag nail.
HELPING
A FALLEN HORSE
1. In all cases where a horse appears to be injured the services of a veterinary surgeon should be obtamed immediately, and the police R.S.P.C.A. called.
2. To keep a horse recumbent on ItS Side: kneel on the neck from the mane side, grasp the noseband .a nd pull the head up and towards you, whenever the anl!Da 1 starts to struggle. Thus held the a11:imal cannot ItS feet or change its position, nor will hold 109 the head be injured by the limbs of the am mal 10 ItS strugg les.
3 Unhook horse from cart (if double harness release pole chains fir st). To unhook it may be necessary to unstrap or cut harness owing to weight of body on traces.
4. Shove cart back, well clear of horse.
5. If slippery, try to get some sand or t? put down , or put sacking on his hoofs , to afford him a gnp . .
6. Let go the head, get his forelegs out in front and urge hIm to get up. If he on put your sh?ulder under his shoulder. ThiS gives him a prop to help him get up, and when the horse to rise, a strong upward lift by the tail should be given .
7. When he is up make much of hIm and talk to hIm. Put on the nosebag Go easy, to start off afresh, and " nurse " him If the horse cannot move, a float must be procured
8. Remember that where a heavy animal has laId on one side for some hours the under limbs may have "go ne to sleep". Attach a long rope to the li mbs and turn the horse right over on to the other SIde, w I.th a helper to steady the head. Wait at least ten mmutes before attempting to get the horse up.
ROAD ACCIDENTS
It is most important that the public shoul.d know to do in case of road accidents to anim.als, partlcularly In country districts where assistance may not easily be obtaIned
In thd case of large animals it is improbable that much be done without the guidance of a veterinary surgeon, so It I important to contact expert help at once.
In country districts , A A or R.A.C patrolmen have the names and addresses of the nearest veter!nary and will render every possible assistance, as WIll police If a call is put through from the nearest telephone avaJiable
In more populous areas, in addition to the above, th.e chemist and other tradesmen will help. The local IS often of great value and can help in cases where destructIOn is obviously the only course.
With dogs and cats the layman can often first a Id , and so minimise suffering, until expert help arnves.
Remember, animals in and frightene? are almost certain to bite and resent handlmg , even by their An overcoat, rug or sack may be over the aOlmal , enabling it to be carried safely to the SIde of the road or to a house.
If further first aid, such as a temporary dressing to a wound or fracture is involved, dogs should be muzzled by a tape or cord tied round the jaws. Cats be by a with gloves. Absolute rest and quiet IS the Ideal to aim at until the expert arrives.
Further, the R.S P.C.A. will always pay. the first-aid veterinary fees for treating dogs and cats, lllJured on the roads, in cases where the owners cannot 1?e or are too poor to pay. A similar arrangement m the case of seriously injured cats and dogs* whIch have to be destroyed.
The Society's Inspectors are also provided with Humane Killers for the des t ruction of anima.ls.
*Under the Protection of ADimals Act, 1911, police constables are empower ed to call in veterillary to d.estroy "hopelessly injured on publIc highways. The "animal" means any horse, mule , ass, bull, sheep, goat or pIg.
(Continued fJn facin.g page)
PICTURE SHOWS: Stirling Moss recording his re port after testing a manLtally controlled Mini Minor.
RESELCO
INVALID CARRIAGES LTD.
Personal independence is taken for granted by most people and its true value is not appreciated until , for one reason or another, the individual is deprived of it. Technical equipment for rehabilitation has been developed over the years to overcome this loss for disa bled persons, and, in the field of independence in transport, the work of Rese1co Invalid Carriages Ltd has solved the problems of thousands of people
For over 30 years this company has specialised in the conversion of motor cars to hand control for drivers with either a partial or complete disability of both legs, a nd they can fit their system to practicall y any type of British vehicle and a large number of forei gn models
The introduction of automatic transmissions has undoubtedl y simplified dri ving for the disabled since the necessity of clutch operation and gear changing is eli minated Rese1co have developed a new form of control, which can be fitted to most automatic cars, in the f orm of a single combined lever, underneath the steering wheel for right hand operation, for control of both the accelerator and the brake. The operation of this control is simplicity itself. It is used with an upward pull for acceleration, and a sharper upward pull to the rim of the wheel for "k ick-down, " and with downward and forward pressure for braking A great advantage of this conversion is that, regardless of how slowly or quickly the vehicle is being driven the driver always has the brake control in his hand so that it can be applied with the very minimum of delay in the event of a n emergency.
(Picture b y co urt esy of Driv e Publi ca ti o ns)
First Aid for Animals-cont.
PRACTICAL HINTS
When using a lot.ion or any liquid remedy, pour out the necessary quantity 1D a receptacle and throwaway any left over. Never apply it direct from the bottle as thjs may contaminate the rest of the solution. dressing or touching wound , wash your hands in or apply to them an antiseptic cream. InfectIOn can retard recovery and aggravate the condition.
See that dogs and cats do not remove the bandage. Fix it firmly with adhesive tape if possible
VETERINARY ATTENTION
It is emphasised again that the foregoing suggestions are put forwaFd for use in an emergency, where neither proper material or qualified aid is available
A veterinary surgeon should be called as soon as possible. It is most inadvisable for any but the most necessary emergency treatment be given before his arrival.
Published by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 105, Jermyn Street, London, S.W.1. Telephone: 01-930 7177.
Care of Caged Birds-=-September issue.
Solution to Senior Competition, No.2 (April issue)
By L. Hugh Newman, published by Parrish at 7s. 6d.
book has full on ch?osing, housing, feedmg and care of a great vanety of arumals birds and fishes. It .also gives advice 0.0 breeding a guide the prices to be paId.
pets and a.lIst of clubs and societies for pet owners to Jom or from which further advice can be obtained.
For details of the House and Membership, please complete and return this coupon to THE WARDEN, ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE, LONDON, S.W.I. (BELgravia 2732).
VISUAL AIDS
THE SINGLE CONCEPT FILM LOOP
To be used in conjunction with the First Aid Manual Second Edition
WHAT IT IS
It is a length of standard 8 111m. cine film which has a running time, usually , of about 4 minutes.
WHAT IT DOES
It is used to portray a single technique, procedure or concept and by the exclusion of all irrelevant and background material to tea ch the subject in the most concentrated form.
HOW IT IS USED
Ideally it is used as a continually running loop in a c lea r plastic cassette, which is then loaded in a viewing projector such as the ICEM or the Rank 80.0 E. Tl1lS method requires no blackout of classroom or erectIOn of screen and no threading or re-winding. It will repeat the film as often as is required by the teacher and may be stopped started at will. It may be left with the group or lOdlvldual for self-instruction purposes.
In Spools. The spooled version of the film loop IS used In a standard 8 mm. projector in the same way as for any other film. It will require re-winding after each showing . For direct or forward projection a screen and blackout are both necessary.
With Absorber. A drum film loop ' absorber may be attached to an ordinary 8 /11117. projector. Spliced into thi appliance the loop can be used for continuous projection. The cost is low.
ST. JOHN REVIEW POSTAL SUBSCRIPTION
To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John, I Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I.
Please sIJpply/renew* ST. JOHN REVIEW
commencing with the issue
1 enclose 17/- for 1 year Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John.
Name IN BLOCK CAPITALS
*Delete whicmever is inappIiCt.iJ-ble.
With Back Proiection Screen. To avoid blackout difficultie s and dispense with the need for a screen, an ordinary 8 111m. projector may be used to picture a back projection cabinet where the Image IS m a I11lrrOr and emerges on a translucent screen faclOg the class. SUCl1 cabinets may be obtained commercia ll y or made up in the home.
HOW GOOD IS IT?
The value of any film loop depends on the quality of the instruction photographed on the film, and on the technical efficiency of the film maker. Where these the available an absolute s tandard of exce llence is achieved. Wide use of such a loop ensures a universal high standard.
WHY USE IT?
Dr. Brynmor Jones, Chairman of the Committee appointed to advise the Government on Audio-Visual Aids in Education concludes that the s ing le concept film Loop is one of the mo st powerful tools now available in this field. It !s used extensively in industrial training situations for thls very reason.
IS IT COSTLY?
Compared with simpler aids it might appear so. But for very little money you obtain a captive demo n strator or demonstrators instantly on call, night or d ay, requiring no lecture fees, expenses, refreshment or overtime, who will repeat the demonstration as often as you require and always to the same impeccable authorised standard. If you attach importance to the standard of your work the real quest ion is-Can you afford to be Without It?
(See "Review", June and July issues).
HAVE YOU REMEMBERED TO RENEW YOUR "REVIEW" SUBSCRIPTION?
WHY NOT PAY BY BANKERS ORDER?
Train to be a NURSE at CROYDON GENERAL HOSPITAL
Candidates aged 18 and who a good education and WIth a real mterest m nursmg, can now be accepted for a three year course for qualifying as a State Registered Nurse. 42 hour week in force.
The course includes three months Obstetric experience and further special training is available. Nurses on Supplementary Register accepted shortened periods of Training at any time. Candidates in older age group welcomed. Schools commence January , May and September each year. The Hospital is situated in pleasant surroundings within easy distance of London , the country and 'the coast. There is a pleasant Nurses' Home nm on modern lines Brochure can be obtained from Miss A. G. Warneken, Matron who will also be pleased to arrange an when the Hospital may be viewed. Please write to her at:-
CROYDON GENERAL HOSPITAL, LONDON ROAD, CROYDON, SURREY
JOHN DARBYSHIRE & COMPANY LIMITED
20, Nottingham Road Somercotes, Derby, DES 4JL
MINING, QUARRY AND GENERAL ENGINEERS
Steel fabrications including containers of all types
Fabrications in Fibre-glass and Plastics
Specialists in l-ofIs and batch production
First aid containers, non-toxic plastjc water bottles of various sizes supplied to all Nationalised Industries and large and small industrial concerns
All enquiries wiJi receive prompt attention
Technical representation throughout the British Isles
DATES FOR YOUR DIARY
National Events
1968
WHAT
Stourbridge S.J .A.A.
Gas Industry Fire Brigades
National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Association
Order of St. John Investiture
General Post Office Ambulance Centre
Order of St. J ohm lnvestiture
GRAND PRIOR'S TROPHY COMPETITIONS
WHERE
Worcestershire
Friends House, Euston Rd., N.W.1 Fire Brigade H Q., Corporation St., Birmingham, 4 Aberdeen
Grand Priory Church Seymour Hall, W.l
Grand Priory Church
SEYMOUR HALL, W.1
WHEN September 7 September 12 Septem bel' 17 p.m only October 6 October 8 October 31 November 19 NOVEMBER 21
OLD EYES FOR NEW
You and thousands more of us - ordinary men and womenmay now give sight to someone who is, at this moment, blind.
this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back their vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
Eyes of all colours are equally valuable, and it does not matter if you have worn spectacles for years.
If you are not as young as you were, do not feel that your offer will be less valuable. Strangely enough, it will be more so: the eyes of older people are even better for this purpose.
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shaH benefit, it is essential that there should be many more willing donors than will ever be called upon.
Mark all correspondence "CORNEAL GRAFTING" address ed to: The Director-General, The Royal National Institute for the Blind, 224 Great Portland Street, London, W.1.
Majesty King Hussein of Jordan has donated his ey es to the Order ' s Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem.
V ol. 41 No.9 September, 1968 One Shilling
NOTES FROM THE STORES DEPARTMENT
ORDER OF ST. JOHN
What's New
ATTRACTIVE AND USEFUL additions to the wide range of items available as gifts and prizes from Stores include a polished pewter tankard (55s.), a car badge (33s.) and an enamelled tie-tack (lOs. 6d.), postage extra.
ADVERTISING
ST. JOHN REVIEW
T. G Scott & Son Ltd., 1, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.C.2. (Tel.: 01-405 4743) will be our sole advertising agents starting with the September issue. Mr . David Houchin, Manager, Internal Sales Organisation, will be responsible for our account.
Any instructions or blocks which we have received have been passed to Mr. Houchin.
Thank yo u for your support in the past and I hope that you will continue to take space. May I remind yo u that copy date is the 6th and publication date the 27th of the preceding month.
FUND RAISING MADE EASY WITH PENCILS AND BALL POINT PENS!
Pencils b y Rowney with HB black lead in the OFFICIALLY APPROVED colours-silver, white and blue, overprinted in black ink with S.J A. details and badge.
Also pens by Conway Stewart available in eight duo-colours, ink printed with S.J.A. details and badge.
Increase your funds fast-write today for free samples and price booklet to the AUTHORISED SUPPLIERS:
AIREDALE PRESS LTD.
Dept. F., P.O . Box 60 Mosscar St., BRADFORD, 3
ORDER OF ST. JO HN
INVESTITURES
Please send information and details for Press Release to the Editor, Mrs . H. E. D. Richards, 23, Pembroke Gardens, London, W .8. Tel.: 01-603 5761.
Problems disappear on the Complan course
The elderly have a lot of prob lem s. Often they get dispirited, feel drained of energy and can't be bothered w ith food. Why should they , when their teeth and digestion are poor , their appet tes non-existent? T ea and soft toast fills them up. But it's not nourishment, and they become too tir ed , too depressed to face their problems. Complan breaks the vicious circle. Complan gives the elderly complete nourishment, in less time, with less effort, than it takes to make tea. A daily cup of Complan provides nutritional balanc e in pleasant-to-digest form. Well-nourished on Com plan, faces lighten, steps are sp ri ghtly, and problems don't seem quite so bad. Complan
Presentation : 1 Ib cartons
Complan is a Glaxo trade mark
Detailed literature available on request Glaxo Laboratories Ltd, Greenford, Middlesex
ADVERTISEMENTS-CLASSI FJED
ADVERTISING
PLEASE NOTE NEW AGENTS FOR CLASSIFIED AND DISPLAY ADVERTISEMENTS.
UP TO DETAILS ON PAGE 5
30
0/0
EXCELLENT "FUND RAISERS"-Your Group nam e etc., on quality ball pens (S.J.A.B. colours ): competrtive rates. Details and samples: THOMPSON & CREIGHTON, "Ball Pen Suppliers," 202 Heaton Road Newcastle , NE6 5JJ. "
RAISE
£££'S FOR YOUR GROUP
HIGH PROFITS MADE BY OUR -FAST SELLING L1NES-
CHRISTMAS AND BIRTHDAY CARD PACKS. DECORATIONS WRAPPINGS, FANCY GIFTS, STATIONERY, TABLEWARE. SEND FOR OUR FREE CATALOGUE
THE "POPAMP"-THE UNIQUE BRITISH POCKET P.A. SYSTEM
THE
CONTEMPORARY TALKER'S PERSONAL NECESSITY
The "Popamp" is a unique miniature public address system with a real high-fidelity power-punch that at a popular price frees the speaker, performer or '?ther from the restrictions to movement and self-expresSIOn of Illstalled systems.
comperes, commentators, entertainers, instructors of all types and lecturers.
When the equipment is to be used, it is switched on by a simple press-button as silently. off when not required The SWItch IS qUIte unobtruSIve, yet III the right position for unostentatious operation by the thumb.
DISCOUNT
FOR SALE on branded CARPETS
WILT0f\:l, AXMI.NSTER,. ORIENTALS, Etc. FREE delivery U.K. Indian, Carpets a speciality.
Expert fitting arranged If required. Write stating requirements Gr for intrGduc:tion to showrooms-LONDON or MAIN cities, DODSON-BULL CARPET CO., LTD.
ShGwrooms: 6 Old Bailey, London, E.CA 01-2487971 (10 lines) 83-89 Blackett St., Newc:astle-upon-Tyne Tel: 20321 or 21-428 55-61, Lever Street, Manchester, I Tel: 061-236 3687/ 8/9
Cased Crested Cuff Links, 57s. 6d. Medal ribbons Is. 6d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform 2s. each ribbon mounted on pin brooch; Regulation mounted 3s. 6d. per medal on brooch. Miniatures quoted for.-MONTAGUE JEFFERY, Outfitter, St. Giles Street. Northampton.
FUND RAISING
SPORTS EVENTS , BAZAARS, GARDEN FETES. Send fen Catalogue. TROPHY CUPS, FUND RAISERS, BALLOON RACES , PERFUME CARDS, FANCY GOODS , TOYS, NOVELTIES, CARNIVAL HATS, BTC ALL AT WHOLESALE TRADE PRICES. Save £££s from the largest suppliers to R.O S.T. in the country. Let us quote for your WEEKLY TOTE AND DRAW TICKETS, ETC. WE ARE THE CHEAPEST IN.TIIE TRADE.-SWINNERTONS LID . Dept. R.O ., Umon Street, Walsall.
ORGANISERS of Bazaars, Fetes and Fund Raising. We welcome both persolilal buyers and mail orders for our extensive raI?-ge of Toys, Stationery, Christmas Cards and Seasonal LIlles at Wholesale Prices. Send for our Price Lists. Also Internationally Distributed Pre-Selected Parcels: 144 6d Toys OR 72 Is. Toys OR 42 Is. lld Toys OR SelectIOn Toys Is. to 5s. lId. OR Selection Assorted Stationery OR Christmas Cards. Each Parcel 54s., plus 4s. 6d. postage. Two or more Parcels 6s. postage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LID., 2a, Handsworth Road, London, N .17.
LESS THAN .3d. EACJ:I: 144 Fu.l1-length Conway Ball POI?t Pens dIe-stamped III gold with your Bngade. or Chanty f.or only 35s Pencils printed for the same pnce. Please prmt your slogan (maximum 30 letters) and add 4s. 6cl.. standard carriage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2a Handsworth Road, London, N.17. 2
BALL-PENS Diaries, Note Pads, Keys Fobs Pencils etc., Gold-stamped Brigade name or raise funds quickly-easily. Details-Northern Novelties, Bradford, 2.
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates accepted at the age of 17 to commence an 18 months course of as Ophthalmic Students , Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates: Well equipped. School of Nursing. Successful candIdates, on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses' Home in. Ke!lsington within ea sy reach of the Albert Hall, and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tennis Court Active Social Club.
Applications in writing to the Matron.
WANTED
BUCKINqUAMSHIR?, Southern Area, are 'Considering th.e f?rmanon of a Bngade Bras s Band. Any Divisions WIth Illstruments to dispose of ple ase contact Area Supt. P. L. Pendry, 48 , Ryvers Road, Slough, Bucks.
ARE YOU IN THE RED?
Please help us by sending your subscription a month before it runs out, overseas readers two months in advance. If you can't the renewal date, may I suggest that next time you pay you make a note in your diary. Subscription form inside back cover.
Sin1ply a small microphone snuggling in the hand and a small case slung from the shoulder by a thin cord, that contains the miniamplifier, loudspeaker and battery, is all the user has. No anchoring wires or cables and no worry about power plugs and it costs only £6 6s. Od. retail in the United Kingdom.
The "Popamp's" inventors, Downham Electronics Ltd., Norfolk claim it to be a unique breakthrough that has been badly throughout the world to which it is distributed, including the United Kingdom, by F. W. Reynolds Ltd., Chiltern Drive, Berrylands, Surbiton, Surrey.
No more "coming to the mike" or trailing a mike-cable in the body of the audience to a questioner-bandleaders, masters of ceremonies, singers, preachers, announcers,
When the battery requires renewal, the rubber feet on the base are unscrewed without the help of a screwdriver and the battery changed by unclipping and clipping the fool-proof terminals.
The techniques employed in the design of amplifier are based on a considerable background of development and manufacture in loudspeaking telecommunications equipment that goes back for two decades. It is an excellent example of the British ability to bring simplicity in design to an apparently and previously elaborate system.
Available from principal stores and electrical
Further information: Mr. Winston Reynolds or Mr. DaV1d Reynolds, 30, Fleet Street, London, E.C.4. Tel: 01-399 9 161.
Camera Talks invite you toview on approval (sale or return) any of their 35mm filmstrips & 8mm fil mloops on First Aid, these include:
..._................ Advanced First Aid Series .Casualty Simulation
.. .... -First Aid at Home
First Aid for Fractures
_.......... .. ...... First Aid for Road Users
.... Safety and Health at Work
Safety in Industry
Safety in the Laboratory
The Role of Oxygen in the Human Body
Also available on approval are: 35mm Mini Projector
Filmstrip and Slide Projectors
Portable Screens
Tel
Date
Piease complete this form and return it to us at:
Camera Talks Ltd 31 North Row London W.I Tel: 01-493 2761
3
.... ................ Daylight Screens
Automatic Slide Projectors
8m m Fi Imloop for Cassettes
NTLANY-FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF THE iRECONSTITUTION OF THE PRIORY OF T D CELEBRATIONS AT TORPID CHEN, EDINBURGH.
THE PRIOR, Rear-Admiral Dick , Sir Philip Southwell and Mr. J. R. Rennie (representz'n for Whales), attended and conducted an Inv estitu re in th e Freemasons' g a. lcture sows the proceSSLOn at Torphlchen.
The Scotsm an 4
THE ST. JOHN REVIEW
Official Journal of St. John
T. G Scott & Son Ltd ., 1, Clement's Inn, Strand , London, W.C.2 (Tel.: 01 -405 4743) will be our sole advertising agents staliing with the September issue. Mr. David Houchin, Manager, Internal Sales Organisation, will be responsible for our account.
Any instructions or blocks which we have received have been passed to Mr. Houchin.
Volume 41 Number 9 SEPTEMBER, 1968
CONTENTS
News from Stores-Attractive and Useful Gifts Audio Visual Aids
Priory of Scotland 21st Anniversary
H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh at the Wrestling Match Brigade Finals Pictures
H.R.H. The Princess Margaret at the Cadet Rally Priory for Wales International Jubilee Camp
Railw ays, London Transport (Railways) and British
M.B.
DUKE OF EDINBURGH at the Wre.stling Match held at the Royal Albert Halll,! 1 ld of St. Jphn by Dale Martm PromotIOns Ltd.), talking to Mr. Bali Ram Ma.ha]a], Staff Offlcer, FlJl, who was presented to His Royal Highness by the Commissioner-inChlef.
W. R Hawes
A ROYAL OCCASION
H.R H. THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH saw a demonstration of 'Emergency Resuscitation-popularly known as "The Kiss of Life"-by two Hanworth children, Margaret and Peter Kirwin, specially trained for the event to illustrate that you don't have to be a First Aider to know what to do, but it is important that everyone should know this technique, vital to saving life. They were trained by D/S/O. A. A. Weston, London District (who has had occasion to put his skilled knowledge into practice, saved a life, at the risk of his so that could not have had a better instructor).
HlS Royal Hzghness (j[,lso saw some of the latest audio and visual aids used in training, and the Radio Unit used at all major public duties and functions to maintain an in:stant link with ambulance, first aiders and public serVlces. Because it is the largest District and has to cover all the national duties, London District has to be one ju'"!'P and are therefore one of the best equipped En the country. This includes their film section (prtme mover D/S/O. "Nobby" Clark), which has already produced some excellent publicity and training films.
W. R. Hawes
BRIGADE FINALS
Brigade Champions
BOLSOVER COLLIERY AMBULANCE
DIVISI ON, led by A/M Norman Bust, carried of f the Championship troph y for 1968 at the Brigade finals held at Fairfield Hails, Croydon. A record that three members of the team belong to the same family-a case of BUST and join St. John No 2, Malcolm Sp encer; No.3, Martin Bust; No.4, Roy Madin (who won the NCB Individual Trophy), and R eserve Michael Bust.
W. R. Hawes
BETTESHANGER COLLI ERY AMBULANCE DI VISION
SP ALDING NURSING DI VISION
KENT, runners-up, were breathing down the winners' necks, only 7t marks be.hind. !heir necks were windy too, Markham Ambulance Division, W.R. Yorks, half a mark behmd , tyl.ng for third place with High Wycombe Police. Markham took home the Hong Ko,!g and Hl'!gston Trophies and Buckingham the Ellis Cup. Dungannon Ambulance and Nursmg Combmed Division, Northern Ireland, won the Copeland Griffiths Trophy.
IN ADDITION to the runners-up Trophy (six marks behind) carried off the Mountbatten, the Ellis, and the Margaret Golding Trophies. St. Marychurch (E.S.N. Devon) took home the Stewart Cup , and Maidenhead Nursing Division (placed sixth over-all) won the Grosv enor Cup.
PALMERS GREEN NURSING DIVISION DOES IT AGAIN. Led by D /S Miss Betty Charlton, Mrs. Gladys Cook, Miss Jean Wintersgill, Mrs. Joan Bush and Mrs. Van Lint became champions in the Nursing Section of the Brigade Finals and will represent St. John in the Grand Prior 's Trophy Competition on November 21. Last year they came filth in this event. They also won the Chalmers and Mountgarret Cups.
W. R. Hawes
LORD LOUIS MEETS THE LADIES ON H.Q STAFF AT THIS YEAR'S BRIGAD E FINALS. Accompanied by the Superintendent-in-Chief, L o rd Mountba tten had prese nted to him (left to right): Miss Muriel Watson, O.BE. , Principal Administrative Officer (N); Miss P. Morison , Chi ef Offic er for Cadets; Mrs. Richard Cavendish , M.B .E ., Staff Offic er to Superintendent-in-Chief; Miss M. Harrison , M.BE. , S ec retary to Sup erillt endent -in-Chief; Miss P Down in g, Staff Officer to Superinten dent-ion-Chie f and Mrs. Eil ee n Gurteen, Staff Of f i ce r Overs eas. L o rd Lou is lat er presented the Trophi es and Awards. W. R. Hawes
I BRIGADE FINALS
NORWICH LADS CLUB AMBULANCE CADET
DIVISION, winners in a closely contested final P ie tu re shows: DIS G. Wright, C I Ldr. A nthony Robinson, CICpl David Wya tt, CISgt. David Clarke, AIC Graham Woodford and Reserve Ian Whinney. Out of a possible twelve trophies in County com.petitions this Division won ten in 1967.
W. R Hawes
ROYSTON NURSING CADET DIVISION had a cl ea r win over th e runners-up (Trelewis N.C.D.) and also won the Tweedale trophy. Pictur e shows: County Supt. (N) Mrs. E. Bilk, Commissioner for H e rtfordshire Mr. L R. N. Percey, DIS Mrs K. L e ftwich, DIO Mm. E. Smailes. Team leader Bridget Banner, C ICpl. Anne Kenzie, C I Sgt Rosemary Leftwich, C I Sgt. Dorothy Swann and reserve C I S g t. Angela Simons. All m e mb ers of the team are holders of the Grand Prior's Badge W R H awes
C A D E T R A L L Y OR GALLANTRY. Ambulance Cadet R aymond 9UP FC d t D ivision Staffs.) was presented with the Amerzcan Cup for (Hanley Am u ance f e P Margaret Commandant -in -C hief, Ambulance and G,allo.ntry H.R.Hi T h eld in Malvern, Worcestershire, in luI)! (See N urSll1g C)a t H fghness also enroll ed sixty cadets and presented thzrtyn ext page. el y .' C d with their Grand Pri o r's Badg es Fou rt een four A .lI1 bulance a .1d Nu,//n g a ey 2000 on parade , of w hich over a thousand were Counties were r e p' among t 1e ' r in over five hundred of our young nursing cadets. St. J o hn zs a cra dle .ot,:euo : som e achieving distinction and memb ers, every y ea r tra in the neff; ge'neration. I n an age of selfishness many return to gzve t 1e ll selvzces l a d of the o lder generation who ha ve set them we are pr oud of ou r young peo.p. e an k' d an exam pl e in the ancient tradztzon of the SeJ vlce to Man In W. Hicks
WORCESTERSHlRE ST. JOHN MEMBERS PUT ON A SPECTACULAR DEMONSTRATIO N. Burns, bl eed in g and b roken bones. An in t ru de r at a cadet cam p causes the Di v isi ona l O ffice r to knock over .a stove and bum herself and then, In a ge t-away attem pt jumps a fence breaks a leg. Th e AmbuJance DI VZsional Officer was also z,,! the as th e intruder cash ed hi"'; causmg head injuries and concu ssIOn To add to th e confusion (and the varlety of "casua lti es"), a bystander has an e pil e pti c fit and his 11! if e gets hysterICs. Th e incid en t ends w ith the cadets. " tidying up the camp and re starting cooking breakfast. " lust goes to show that with the right training on e can handl e any situ alion.
"V. Hicks
ST. JOHN AMBULANCE CADET RALLY
Madresfield COLJrt, Malvern, Sunday, July 21, 1968
H.R.H. The Princess Margaret's Speech
I am very glad to be here today and to see so certainly shown by Ambulance Cadet Raymond many of you from Worcestershire and 13 neigh- Feeney. We congratulate him on winning the bouring counties. American Cup for Gallantry.
I was particularly pleased to enrol 60 Cadets, He had studied fire fighting and won the and also to have been able to present so many Proficiency Certificate, so when there was a fire Grand Prior badges. Like those of you who are in his home he knew at once what to do. He also already proud possessors of that badge, those who had the coolness and courage to keep his head , !t today worked hard for three years with the result that he was able to save the lives of ill subjects to learn practical skills. r his younger brothers and sister. hope that many more of you will follow their good Because you are St. John Cadets, people expect example and earn a Grand Prior badge yourselves. you to be able to help them when they are in It is very important to learn these skills and to trouble. This is because other Cadets in the past learn them thoroughly. There is often no time in have proved that they were ready and able to help. They have built up a tradition of service and an emergency to stop and work out the right way efficiency over the years, and it is up to all of you of dealing with the situation. It is much better to to add to this tradition for the Cadets of the future. plenty of practice beforehand so that I hope that when you reach your 16th birthday w en ' e moment comes you know what to do you will go up into your Adult Divisions to con- immediately. . tinue your service there, for you can be sure that It is a combination of bravery and skill which the work you will be doing there is really worthdoes the most good, and both these qualities were while.
To all St. John Cadets I send my good wishes.
GOLDEN JUBILEE INTERNATIONAL CAMPSWANSEA. H.R.H. The Princ€ss Margaret, Commandant-in-Chief, Ambulam;e and Nursing Cadets, insp€ct€d the camp on July 22. Picture shows Mr. Nicos Zadiatis and Mr. Kyriacos Besh(mges, members of the Cyprus contingent, showing Her Royal Highness one of the exhibits during her tour.
BRITISH RAILWAYS,
INTER-RAILWAYS SHIELD (Championship) CORBET FLETCHER CUP (Runners-up)
WOMEN
WESTERN
(Newport
(Worksop)
BUR ROWS ROSE BOWL (Championship) SCOTTISH REGION (Glasgow) J. R. MORRIS SHIELD
INTER-REGIONAL TROPHY
SCOTTISH REGION
Philip Southwell (Director-General of
and the individual plaques was made by Mr. .
Mrs. Finnis.
WOMEN
POISONOUS WILD PLANTS OF THE BRITISH COUNTRYSIDE
PART I
By F. C. REEVE, S.B.St.J., F.Z.S., F.R.E.S., F.I.C.A.P., Hon. A.F.I.C.D.
Author
of
"The Instantaneous Poisons Chart"
There are several possible angles from which this subject could be approached, but when the Editor asked me to write an article on Poisonous Wild Plants of the Briti"3h Isles, her reference to the approaching holiday season suggested to me that she was especially interested in the identification of the plants rather than the diagnosis and treatment of the poisoning, upon which much has already been written. I am, therefore, approachipg the subject rather as a botanist than as a writer on first aid, but, although concentrating mainly upon identification, I will remind my readers very briefly of the prinGipal points in diagnosis and treatment in each case.
Although the average town-dweller confesses quite frankly his ignorance of plant-lore in general, most are well aware of th€ poisonous nature of three, at least, wild plants of the British countryside, even if they are not able to identify them accurately. In order of popular knowledge they are (a) deadly nightshade, (b) arum lily and (c) laburnum. Let us, therefore, take a look at these three before introducing those which are lesser known.
Deadly Nightshade (Atropa belladonna)
I cannot agree with those writers who describe deadly nightshade as a rare British wild plant, for I have found it in all parts of the British Isles, exc@pt County Donegal and the extrem€ north of Scotland, but whether or not it is to be found in these two localities I am not quite certain. Moreover, the number of persons, mainly children, who are poisoned by tms plant every year hardly confirms the statement that it is rare. Its effect depends largely upon the physical condition of the patient, age and temperament being, also, two important factors, as well as the quantity consumed, but it is seldom that it proves fatal.
It :first arrests our attention in April in the form of thick shoots breaking out from the old, fleshy, creeping mot-stock, but by late May and June it has reached a height of between three a:m.d four feet, and its many thick stems look substantial enough to have resulted from the growth of years. However, although it may appear dense enough to be called a shrub, to the botanist it is but a herb, and by the winter these stems will be lifeless and hollow, providing a hiding place for woodlice and earwigs. The end of May will see it clothed in large, oval leaves, and here and there, from the forked twigs and the axils of the leaves, will appear the characteristic blossoms. These are bell-shaped, of a lurid purple colour tinged with green, about one inch long, stalked, drooping and solitary. These will be succeeded by large, roundish, shining purple-black berries, resembling in appearance luscious, black cherries, but highly poisonous, although in this resemblance lies the potential danger. It must be borne in mind, however, that every part of the plant is poisonous, not merely the berries. It is small wonder, therefore, that children are tem,pted to pick and eat these berries in the belief that they are really cherries.
The identity of the deadly nightshade may be confirmed by a study of the leaves, which are large, broadly eggshaped (ovate) and stalked, those of the upper branGhes bearing a small leaf, looking almost like a bract, and rising from the same point as the large leaf, so that the leaves are placed in unequal pa.irs altemate from opposHe sides @f the stern. The stems themselves are fTOrn two to fou feet high, erect, thick and much branciffied.
This is considered the most poisonous wild plant indigenous to ou r Islands, and care should be taken, when breaking off a twig for closer inspection, not to allow the juice to CQme into contact with an open wound.
Its favourite habitat is in chalk and limestone district s, especially waste places and amongst old ruins.
The symptoms of poisoning by deadly nightshade are giddiness and staggering, dryness of mouth and throat with intense thirst. The patient is unable to pass urine, despite a desire to do so. The temperature is raised , the pulse is rapid and breathing is hurried at first. The voice is husky or rasping the face is flushed and the pupils are widely dilated, but there is no corneal reflex.
TREATMENT
Emetics, followed by hot , strong tea or coffee. If available, spray liquid paraffin in the nostrils. A.R. if necessary.
Care should be taken to differentiate this plant from two other nightshades, viz., woody nightshade (Solanum dulcamara), sometimes known as bittersweet, and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum), which are only slightly toxic, the patient usually recovering without spec ial treatment.
However, it would be as well to become acquainted with these two species, for, although generally regarded as either non-toxic or only slightly so, I have in my library records of several cases, regarded as authentic, of persons having been affected, although it must be admitted that no authentic fatal case has ever been recorded.
Although distantly related to the deadly nightshade, the woody and black nightshades belong to different genera, as will be seen from the first part of their Latin names, and this brief description is given here simply for the purpose of differentiating them from their distant cousin, the deadl y nightshade.
Woody Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara)
Flowers: t inch across, in loose , forked, drooping clusters, known to the botanist as "cymes", purple, each petal having two green spots at the base.
Fruit: Oval, fleshy and rose-scarlet in colour.
Stems: Three to sixJeet long, climbing or trailing, although shrubby at the base.
Leaves: Egg-shaped, pointed and stalked, broadly heartshaped (cordate) at the base, the upper ones with a small lobe on each side at the base.
Habitat: Commonly found in hedges and most shady places. Well distributed throughout England and Ireland, but not so common in Scotland.
(Continued on page 27)
WARNING
Dangerous Seeds
The summer flowering of trees and bushes brings added health hazards to young children.
Parents are aske d to warn their children that many of the more innocent and attractive looking seeds seen lying this time of year on pavements or pathways or hanging fTGlm IDranches can be extremely harmful if eaten. AUl€mg the most dangerous are laburnum seeds, reputed to cause more poisonim.g among children than any other single outdoor plant or tree. Other trees, bushes or plants which carry poisonous leaves or berries include holly, yew, laurel, privet and lily of the valley.
NORFOLK
THE LORD LIEUTENANT FOR NORFOLK, SIR EDMUND BACON, Bt., presented SIR THOM1 S COOK with farewell glfts on his re tir eme nt after 30 yea rs, as Commissioner for Norfolk. Sir Thomas's va luabl e services w ill not be lost to St. John as he is now County Pr es id ent. Lady Cook is County Pr es id ent of the Nursing Divis ions and a Dame of th e Ord e r.
(Iacton Ambulance Member gains M.B. with honours
MR. THOMAS EVANS, a former member of the C lacton Ambulance Divisio n , of 1602 Great North Way Hendon formerly of 124 Wellesley Clacton, has passed 'his final M.B. examination class honours, the only <?btam He achieved dlstlllctlOn III medICIne , dlstlllctlOn III surgery, and dist i nction in and With this honour goes the J. HIll Pnze for medicine, the William James EastwC::lOd Pnze for. orthopaedic surgery, the Samuel qreen Pnze for surgery, and the Owen T WIllIams Pn ze for the final M B. eaxmination.
in addition, he has been the Wellcome Vacation Scholarship to enable hIm to do two months
research in bacteriology.
Dr. Evans has been as houseman to the Pro fessor of Medicine of the LIverpool Ro yal Infirmary teaching hospi tal.
Educated at Camrose School and Alton Park JunlOr School Clacton and Colchester Ro yal Grammar School, he is the only son of Mrs. Sylvia Evans, who was a nurse at Clacton Hospital and is no:v the matron of Waverley Manor Convalescent Horne m His former colleagues in St rndeed all of us-are proud of Dr. and sen.d him our warmest congratulations and best WIshes. It IS hoped that ,!hen his studies permit he will return as lectm:er, exammer, competition judge and Divisional Surgeon.
BOB BRINGS HOPE TO THE DISABLED
Where to go for a holiday is just one of the many problems facing the disabled.
But thanks to Mr. Bob Mitchell, reSIdent manager of the Travco holiday centre at Ho , D.evon , and more disabled persoillS are finding a solutIOn to then problem. For Mr. Mitchell is "mi ne host " at the camp to nearly 2,000 disabled people who. spend a we.ek there every year. And the number IS growmg all 0e tune.
Said Mr. Mitchell: "This holiday centre plOneered the idea that certain weeks of the holiday season should .be set aside especially for the We also requests born guests who partlculady ask to stay hele du ring these special weeks.
Our problem is that soon we may face a SItuatIon when the demand for accommoda1tion ex.ceeds the supply."
Meanwhile, Mr. Mitchell, who IS. by a hardworking team, which includes hIS WIfe, Kathy, as 13
manageress , believes in crossing that bridge when he comes to it .
Already he has received recognition for his work on behalf of the disabled from the Red and St. J 0?u Ambulance Brigade, both of whom have made hIm a life member , and recently the country s largest producers of invalid chairs presented a c:halr to the centre for the use of any guest who may need It.
Mr. Mitchell does not regard his job one. of at a desk. He and his staff of 120 beheve m g.ettm.g out and about among their guests, a gesture whIch IS clearly appreciated
He said: " I find that guests are ready to come to me and talk about their problems."
Little wonder , then , that within a few days of at Westward Ho, guests affectionately refer to hIm as. " Bob. "
QConferente of tbe of tbe ®tbets of 31obn 1968
.P J!}attp JLuke, llJiitt., of
The Sixth Conference of the Alliance of the North European Orders of St. John, that is to say the Most Venerable Order, the Iohanniterorden and the Orders in Sweden and the Netherlands, took place on June 14 and 15, 1968, the Representatives of the Venerable Order being the Lord Prior, the Chancellor, the Bailiff of Egle, the Secretary-General (Mr. C. T. Evans), and the Deputy Secretary-General and SeGretary-General designate, Mr. N. C. McClintock. The Conference met ll€)t far from Frankfurt and the well-known watering place, Bad Nauheim, namely at the mediaeval J ohanniter Commaddery of Niederweisel, where members of the four Orders now assembled fQr the first time since the Alliance was signed in its Romanesque Ordinal Church on June 13, 1961. Also represented at the Conference were the four non-German Associations of the Johanniter, the Swiss, the Finnish, the Hungarian and the French. The session took place in the Chapter-House on the roof Qf the Church, into which, since 1961, has been converted the mediaeval Hospital destroyed during the Napoleonic Wars.
In accordance with the rrues of the Alliance, the chair was taken at the outset by the retiring President, Lord Wakehurst, who then surrendered it to Prince Biron von Curland, "Statthalter" of the J ohanniter, who will hold it until the next Conference.
Ameng the subjects of discussion were:
(a) The possibility of the Alliance co-operating with the Sovereign Military Order in certain medical matters (especially leprosy), in which connection the Lord Prior gave an account of his recent visit to the Grand Master in Rome. He also mentioned an important new study by two Knights of Justice of the Sovereign Military Order, M. de Sherbowitz-Wetzor and Prince Cyril ToumanofI, on "The Order of Malta and the Empire of Russia," which proves conclusively that the extinction of the Russian Grand Priory by the Emperor Alexander I in 1811, confirmed in 1817, was definitive and final. This is important as refuting the claims of certain unrecognised modern bodies to legitimate descent from the Russian Priory.
(b) The pfims for the Exhibition of the Order of St. Jnhn which is being organised by the Council of Europe to be held in Malta in 1970. It will be recalled that the first important St. John ExhibitiollJ, to which the Venerable Order was the greatest single CGntributor as regards the number of exhibits, was held in the Chateau Gf Versailles in 1961.
A detailed account of the plans for the Malta Exhibition was given to' the Conference by Count Victor de Pange, Cultural Officer of the Council of Europe and a former Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford.
IOBITUARIES I
Some concern has been caused by the fact that, due to' restricted space, it has not been possible to publish the many Obituaries which are submitted to the "Review." It is therefore proposed by the "Review" Management Board that in future Gnly a list Gf the names and counties of deceased members should be published (as in the Order's Annual Commemoration Service pa1per) except where the Director Gr CommissioJler Gf the county feels that a special kibute should appear. fir such cases the Obituary should be written by the senior officer concerned and should normally DOt exceed 150 words.
(c) It having agreed in 1967 that the 1969 Conference should be held at The Hague, it was no w decided that the 1970 Conference should take plac e in Malta to' coincide with the opening of the Exhib ition.
On the first evening of their stay the Delegates an d their ladies were the guests at dinner of the Hereditary Count of Solms-Rodelheim and his mother in their charming Baroque Castle of Assenheim, a positiv e museum of pictures and of rare specimens of Meissen and other porcelain. The descent of the hostess, bo rn Princess Victoria of Leiningen, was of special interest to the British Delegation seeing that her great-gran dmother, widow of the Prince of Leiningen when sh e married the Duke of Kent, was the mother of Que en Victoria. She herself is a god-daughter (she believes th e last surviving one) of Queen Victoria, her grandfather S half-sister.
On the afternoon of June 15 the Conference attende d the formal installation of newly appointed Knights by th e Herrenmeister, H.R.H. Prince Wilhelm Carl of Pru ssi a, in the Ordinal Church. This ceremony was followed by a dinner, presided over by the Herrenmeister, at the Abb ey of Arnsburg, now secularised and the property of another branch of the Solms family. The Abbey includes a series of restaurants, and the dinner was attended by th e members of the Conference and the newly admitted Knights. On the following day the British Delegatio n returned to London.
BOOKSHELF
BATH CITY DIVISION AND THE FLOODS. Ambulance mem,bers Baker an,d L. E. Burden, helped by ex -Ci v il D efence member Ga y, loading a boat wzth food supplied by the WRVS during the relief operatIOns In the rec ent flood dzsaster. Instead of "Meals on Wheels" this service was called "Meals on Boats."
R. A. L. Belben
BATH FLOODS
AIM E. J. BAKER, B.E.M. takes good care of one of the young victims. He has recently returned to Bath, having retired from the Admiralty during which time he was a member of the Slough Ambulance Division. Bath City Division says: "We are pleased to have him back and he did va luable work throughout the Disaster."
R. A. L. Belben
JAMAICA
Kirkvine Guards Receive First Aid Certificates
On Monday, May 27, the Manchester branch of the St. John Ambulance Association held a presentation ceremony of First Aid and Home Nursing certificates at the Scout Hall, Mandeville. The ceremony which was chaired by Dr. E. Gunn, both Ncan's Chief Medical Officer and Chairman of the Manchester branch, was well attended by Alcan employees. After an address by the Custos of Manchester, the Hon. W. F. Coke, 18 Kirkvine guards were presented with fust aid certificates by Lady Mary Thelwell.
The guards received the awards after having undertaken a lO-week training course , the standard St. J OM Ambulance programme, which was supervised by Dr. Gunn and Mr. C. Bell, of Kirkvine 's personnel office. Dr. Carl Lyoris , Chairman of the St. John Ambulance Assoei?J,tion, Jamaica South-West District then presented a wheel-chair to the Curphey Home for veteran soldiers.
Corporal S. Chamberlain accepted the chair on behalf of the Horne.
Mr. R. O. Rennalls, of Kirkvine Works , explained to the gathering how the Horne came into being and how it was organised. The Home is run by the Jamaica Legion through a local M a nagement Committee of which Mr. Rennalls is the Chairman. After the ceremony, a vote of thanks was moved by Miss E. Koster, Serving Sister in the Order of St. John.
Among the audience were members of the Ewarton St . John Ambulance Brigade , led by Mr. J. Perry, Superintendent of the Briga de and Chief Storekeeper at Ewarton Works After the formal presentations, a film was shown, explaining the work,of the St. John Association in various parts of the world, including Jamaica.
(Reprinted by cou rt esy of "A lumina News.")
TRINIDAD AND -TOBAGO AREA OF SOUTH TRINIDAD
AWARD OF SERVICE MEDALS
Fourteen more members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Area South have been a warded the Service Medal of the Order of St. John, for the years 1965/ 66. This brings the total number of members in possession of Medals to 66.
AWARD OF MEDALLIONS
Nineteen more members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Area South have been awarded the Medallion of the St. John Ambulance Association.
AREA ADMINISTRATION
The area consists of 14 divisions, compnsmg three Corps. The first division was registered on June 30, 1952, and is still in existence, having completed 16 years. There are seven Combined divisions, three Ambulance and four Nursing divisions. The average total strength of the area is 314 Officers and .other ranks.
TOTAL BRIGADE DUTIES
These comprised for the year 1967, 25,268 manhours, being Public 8,587; Transport 3,901; Hospital 1,768 and Others 11,012. Divisions averaged 1,804 man-hours per unit and g6 hours per member.
CASUALTIES TREATED
Handled ON duty were 748; OFF 190. Total 938.
(Continued on page 29) 16
AREA COMMISSIONER KENNETH GILL receiving a m e morial trophy from D / S Cecil Arneaud of Montreal, Canada. (See page 29).
MAURITIUS
MONSIEUR LOUIS ESPITALIER-NOEL, Pr es ident SJ A A and a m e mber of the Mauritius St. 10':n Ct;JUnczl, Mr. Moo.rgess e n Maur ee mootoo With hIS auxiliary membershIp badge.
CREPIPE AMBUL-
ANCE CADET DIVISION. Picture shows a group of newl y en rolled cadets with (extr eme l eft) D istrict Cadet Officer Mr. R adyish was R amphul and (extreme right) Area Superintendent Mr. Armand Da v id.
THE ISLAND OF THE DODOS
PORT LOUIS AND VACOAS NURSING CADET DIVISIONS NEW MEMBERS (centre front row) Di s tri ct Staff C?ft ic e r Miss Sylvia ,and Miss Luce OhlS, DIVtSlOna/ Superintendent (second l ef t back row). Miss Ohis recently emig rat ed to Melbourne, Australia. The Vacoas Nursing Cadets are a newly formed Di v ision.
MR. GUY OHIS, D eputy Commissioner , Mauritius District, prese nts Mr. R ey nolds with his warrant of apP01l7tment as Superintendent of. Port Louis Ambulance DI VISIOn.
(See also pa ge 20)
DEATH OF A LEGEND
On June 27, 1968, all Jerusalem mourned the death of Mrs. Bertha Spafford Vester, whose long life of over 90 years had been inextricably bound up with the varied fortunes of this ancient city.
Born in the U.S.A. in 1878, she was brought to Jerusalem by her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Horatio G. Spafford, three years later. It was then part of the Empire! but spe was to see it change hands three tImes and ill partIcularly turbulent circumstances.
The coming of Lord Allenby towards the end of the FIrst World War ushered in 20 years of British rule as a Mandatory Power. Then in 1948 came the bitter fighting between Arabs and Jews, which culminated in the tragic division of Jerusalem, with Mrs. Vester's home in the American colony, just within the borders of Arabheld Jerusalem, which came to be included in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
In June the American colony again found itself ill the front lIne and was considerably damaged during the. brief but very .violc:nt war which gave Israel undemable, though stIll dIsputed, control of a reunited Jerusalem.
In all these years Mrs. Vester was no passive observer of e."ents , for in spite of the demands of her own large famIly, she was always foremost where help and succour were most Outstanding among her charitable en?eavours IS the Spaff.ord Hospital for cl?ldren which she establIshed ill the old family home hIgh up among the ramparts of the Old City.
Mrs. B ertha Spaff o rd V e ste r
in .Watson .House were organised. In recogmtlOn of thIS very tImely assist ance , Mrs Vester was created an Associate Member of the Order with the rank of Officer.
The Order of St. John has good reason to be grateful to Mrs. Vester, for when the Ophthalmic Hospital had to be evacuated from the Bethlehem Road in 1948, she generously offered the use of her own hospital till Mrs. Vester will long be vividly remembered by all who the privilege of knowing her , and although the HospItal she founded bears her parents' name it will also serve as a most fitting memorial of her love for Jerusalem and her compassionate concern for its people. • • • • A .M .B.
NATIONAL ANNUAL NURSING OFFICERS' CONFERENCE
Baden-Powell House, Queen's Gate, London, S.W.7
Saturday, October 5, 1968
PROVISIONAL PROGRAMME
Registra tion.
Opening of the Conference by the Chairman, Dame Barbara Cozens DB ERR C S.R.N., Chief Nursing Officer. '
Delegates will be addressed by the Superintendent-in-Chief, Marjorie Countess of Brecknock, D.B.E. ' "DRUGS AND ALCOHOLISM."
Sister Patricia, C.S.M.V.
Miss M. Hamilton, Probation Officer.
consider the status of the State Enrolled Nurse and the RegIStered SIck Children's Nurse within the Brigade. Report on the new Nursing Manual. Nursing Officers' Uniform.
3.00 p.m. "'General questions.
4.00 p.m. Close of Conference, followed by TEA.
*In order that time may be saved and the fullest possible information be available, delegates are invited tG submit questions in writing by September 27. Conference fee 1 gn., includes meals.
Applications to Chief Nursing Officer (with remittance, please), 1, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I, by September 27, 1968.
The Conference is open to Nursing and other Brigade Officers, S.R.N.s, One Star Nurses and S.E.N. Bngade Surgeons will be welcome. 18
HOARSENESS
By DOUGLAS RANGER
The term "hoarseness" implies an abnormal quality of the voice resulting from a disorder of phonation, i.e., of the sound produced by vibration of the vocal cords. Characteristically the voice is rough or harsh and tends to be of lower pitch than normal. Because there is o f ten associated air-waste as well the voice is usu ally we a k and shouting is difficult or impo ssible.
AETIOLOGY
Sound is produced by the vibration of the v oca l cords in the expiratory blast of a ir , a nd norm a l phonation is dependent on the accur ate appro ximation of th e vocal cords at the correct tension and having the r equisite degr ee of el a sticity to a ll ow the force of the ex pired air to pr oduce regular vibr a tions It follo ws th a t an ything which interferes with the a ppro xim ation , tension or elasticity of the v ocal cords may produce hoarseness.
Thus hoarsene ss is a symptom of a very wide variety of different conditions and in considering them it is convenient to classify them into different groups su ch as: -
1 Cond i tions in which there are prima ry changes in the v ocal cords interf ering with their function.
2. Conditions in which there is no primary abnormality of the cords themselv es but their mo vements are affected by:
(a) Weakness or paralysis of the muscles acting on the vocal cords , or (b) Limitation of the normal range of mov ement of the crico-arytenoid joints.
3. Conditions in which there is interference with the approximation and vibration of the true vocal cords by the prior apposition of the false vocal cords-a condition referred to as dysphonia plicae ventricularis.
These groups can now be considered in more detail.
1. Primary conditions of the vocal cords: (a) Cong e nital: These are uncommon but congenital cysts and tumours can occur as well as malf ormations.
(b) Traumatic: External trauma may produce haematoma formation or even fracture or dislocation of the cartilages.
Internal trauma from the inhalation of steam or irritant gases may produce generalised inflammatory reactions in the larynx , and prolonged heavy smoking may produce similar changes
Excessive, and especially faulty, use of the voice may produce a "singer's node" in the cord at the junction of the anterior and middle thirds, or a "contact ulcer" over the tip of the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage. Generalised inflammatory changes may also occur with prolonged vocal abuse.
Radiotherapy involving the larynx may produce a radiation laryngitis a ssociated with considerable reduction of the secretion of the mucous gl a nds.
(c) Inf e cti v e:
(i) Acut e : Acute r espiratory infections, viral or ba cterial, frequently involve the larynx to p r oduce an acute l a ryngitis.
(i i) Chronic: Laryngea l tuberculo sis in this country is now much le ss common than f or merly but still does occur. It is almo st invariably a ssociated with active pulmonary inf ection but this may not be giving rise to symptoms.
Other specific chronic laryngeal infections are rare in this country but chronic non-specific laryngitis may accompany chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis or chronic sinusitis
(d) Tumours and cysts: Benign "tumours" of the larynx include myxomatou s polyps, papillomata and angiomata.
The only common malignant tumour is squamous-celled carcinoma of different degrees of differentiation.
Hyperkeratosis of the epithelium of the vocal cords occurs with sufficient frequency to need 'Consideration. It is a pre-malignant condition and on occasions it may be a difficult matter to decide whether malignant change has occurred or not. However, in many patients the condition may not recur after removal or a f ter treatment with radiotherapy or may extend so slowly that no treatment appears necessary in elderly patients.
2. Conditions affecting vocal cord movements: (a) The recurrent laryngeal nerves supply all the muscles acting on the vocal cords with the exception of the cricothyroid muscles. The left recurrent laryngeal nerve is more likely to be involved because of its thoracic course and hoarseness may be the presenting symptom of carcinoma of the bronchus . However, the nerve on the right side may also be involved by an apical carcinoma or by metastatic nodes in the base of the neck.
Carcinoma of the upper oesophagus or post-cricoid region of the pharynx: may affect either nerve, or botp..
19
Carcinoma of the thyroid or surgery of the thyroid gland may also involve either or both nerves. Either nerve may be affected by lesions involving the vagus nerve in the neck or at the base of the skull The commonest are metastatic nodes. Paralysis of a vocal cord may result from involvement of the nucleus of the vagus in bulbar le sions.
Aneurysm of the a r ch of the ao r ta is uncommon no w but a modera te degree of unfolding of the arch m a y be sufficient to aff ect the n er ve on the left side as it wind s r ound the arch. A similar effect occu rs in some patients with cardiac enlargement.
(b) Arthritis of the crico-a ry tenoi d joint is not common but ma y occur in patients with rheuma toid art hritis or as a result of traum a 3. Dysphonia plicae v entricularis : The false cords may usurp the function of the true voc al co r ds by reason of p.ypertrophy of the fal se cords as a result of inflammation or of tumour or cyst formation The condition may also arise from " fo r cing" the voice when there is so m e disorder of the vocal cords and once this practice has become a habit it may be difficult to break i t.
DIAGNOSIS
The history may give very val u a ble information about the aetiolo gy but, as in so many other condition s, the diagnosis must be b a sed on an adequate exa mination of the p ar t affected. Usually an indirect ex amination of the laryn x with a mirro r will be the only lar yn geal examination which is necessary but in cases of doubt, or if a biop sy has to be taken , then a direct laryngoscopy will be needed . A history of incre a sing hoarseness occurring during an a cute respira tory infection and accompanied by discomfort or pain in the lar ynx strongly suggests a simple a cute laryngitis. However, a respirator y infection may cause swelling of an early carcinoma or other le sion sufficient to produce the first symptoms. Also vir al respir a to ry infections may be associated with a peripheral neuritis giving rise to a recurr ent laryngeal nerve paral ysis For these reasons it is never completely safe to rely on only th e history in making a diagnosis of acute laryngitis: and , on gener al grounds it would seem to be no more reasonable to diagnose laryngitis without examining the larynx than to diagnose bronchitis without listening to the chest. Although some (Continued on page 28)
BASIC FIRST AID
PART II
By J. M. PAR Ambulance Secretary
The Red RivQr of Life
An aplJro pI'iate description of blood is "the red river of life," it supplies the cells and tissues of the body with the materials they need fm nourishmellit and repair, also removes waste matter from the body by vatious means. In addition the blood contains ceUs that fight disease, and substances that repair cut and bruised patis of the body.
Blood consists of both liquid and solid parts, the liquid is called plasma, the solid parts at'e I'ed and white corpuscles. The red corpuscles cal1:y oxygen from a,ir in the lungs to cells in all parts of the body, the white eorpuscles desu'oy disease germs which invade the body.
,Normally, when you cut yourself blood flowing from the wound decreases or may even stop after a short while due to a blood clot fonning. This is nature's way of bleeding.
An average person has approximately 11 pints of blood and this is circulated through the body in the blood tubes (arteries, capillaries and veins) by the musculat' action of the heali.
From the foregoing it should be appreciated that life depends on: the continuous circulation of the blood, and when injuries occur that cause loss of blood from the body, IMMEDIATE ACTION should be taken to stop it:-
1. 2. Either sit or lie the casualty down (blood escapes with less force in these positions). Raise the injured part above body level (if there is no broken bone or other which pI'events it).
3. Do not disturb any blood clots.
4. Apply direct pl'essure to the bleeding POlint (except when thel'e is a "foreign body" (glass, etc.) which cannat be removed-or broken projecting from wound, in which case apply pressure ALONGSIDE it).
5. Apply a steIile dl"essing and bandage firmly. (Where the wound has a "fonign body" or broken bone in it padding shOluld be used to ensure no pressure is applied on them when bandage secured).
6. If bleeding continues do not disturb the original dressing, apply anothe'l' dressing on top and bandage fumIy.
Bleeding - from the nose is a commOin occurrence. Treatment is:
1. Sit casualty updght (in current of air before an open window if possible) with head slightly fOirwa lrd.
2. Undo tight clothing at neck.
3. Instruct to breathe through mOluth-not through nose.
4. Pinch furmly the Dose just below the hard pam: until bleeding €eas es.
5. Tell him Dot to blow nose.
6. Do not plug no.se.
(These articles are reprinted by courtesy of "AHEAD.") 20
ISLAND OF TH'E DODOS
By JOSEPH GUY OHIS, B.Sc., Deputy Commissioner, Mauritius District
The Island of Mauritius, far off the East Coast of Madagascar, in the Indian Ocean, has been made famous by the now extinct bird, the Dodo , that once lived there. Today, Mauritius is still very well known because of her beauti fu l stamps picturing the birds, both rare and extinct, that are common only to the Island, Some of the earliest stamps are amongst the most valuable in the world of philatelists.
Mauritius became an independent country in March this year, after 157 years of British rule. Before 1810 the Island was a French possession, and in spite of the presence of the British here for so many years, French customs and traditions, including the language, are deeply rooted in the life of the country.
The population of Mauritius owes its origin to Europe, Africa and Asia The place is perhaps unique in the world in that people of so many different origins live side by side in peace and harmony. The country is a sort of United Nations in miniature , In spite of her apparent remoteness, Mauritius is served by regular aircraft coming from London , Ind ia , France, Australia South Africa, Rhodesia , East Africa and Madagascar. Most of these aircraft are jet-propelled and bring in regular loadfuls of tourists , because the Island is famous for its marvellous beaches, and most beautiful sceneries The weather is the best one can think of in the sun.
The Association and the Brigade are solidly implanted in Mauritius, They have both made constant progress in the 20 years of their existence on the Island, There is a place where the White Cross is again a sign of relief for those who happen to be in need.
H.R.H. PRINCE TOMISLAV OF JUGOSLAVIA, Commissioner for Sussex, watching, and giving advice to, Nursing Cadets Wendy Blundon and Kathleen Ring who were demonstrating Home Nursing techniques at the Annual Inspection of the Steyning, Bramber and Beeding Ambulance and Nursing Cadet Division.
Ambulance Members of the Steyning, Bramber and Beeding Ambulance and Nursing Division, J. Flanagan, V, Morash, T. Emsley and M. Bleach treat a colleague, p, Parsons, during the inspection demonstrations.
Red Cross Service Hospitals Welfare D epartm ent, plug in the first talking book at the Cambridge Military Hospital.
BRITISH LEGION FETE. Cadet Leader
Malcolm Bleach, Cadets Terence Stillwell, Wendy Blundon and Anne Brooker getting to work on Kathleen Ring's fractured leg and lacerated face during a first aid demonstration they staged at the summer British Legion Fete, Divisional Superintendent V. B. Langley (centre background) gave the running commentary. (Another picture on .page 25.)
Worthing Herald
TALKING BOOKS , Miss 1. de Lotz and Miss E. Macartney-Filgate, of the St. John and
The National Old Welfare Council
The recently published ARnual Report of the National Old People's Welfare Council while reporting increased activities in promoting the welfare of the elderly, both nationally and locally throughout the country, yet again draws attention to the needs that exist, and suggests that, with increasingly well developed statutory services, the voluntary emphasis should be on the care of the individual, arid especially helping them to help themselves. Too little use is still being of a vast reservoir of goodwill and ability among the themselves.
Isolation is a major problem of old age; hence the importance of a comprehensive visiting service. Through. out the year, encouraging reports have reached the Council's offices of a growing realisation of the need for
co-operation and centralised planning among all those organisations which are trying to make sure that every elderly person who is lonely has a regular and congenial visitor. The greater involvement of young people in visiting and giving services such as gardening, decorat· ing and shopping is particularly welcomed.
Thete are now 1,552 old people ' s welfare committees in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland , carrying out in t1n.eir areas a wide range of co-ordinating and developing services for the benefit of the elderly. Under their auspices, such good pioneer work has been and is being done in this imporant field of welfare in which the Brigade is increasingly concerned.
MY BROTHER'S KEEPER?
By MONNICA C. STEWART, M.B., B.S., D.(Obst.) R.C.O.G.
F0reword by WILLIAM EVANS, M.D., D.Se., F.R.C.P
152 p>ages-full bound. Published by Health Horizon Ltd. Price 25s.
In "My Brother's Keeper? " the author, Dr. Monnica C. Stewart, views geriatric care from a different aspect from that of some recent publications. In view of recent conabout the Gare of old people, this is a positive contribution. She herself is a physician working in the Geriatric Department of Edgware General Hospital, and her DO(;)k is an urgent plea to th0 community for awareness.
One of Britain's foremost cardiologists, Dr. William Evans, writes in the foreword:
"This not just anelther book-written primarily for the enjoyment of the reader, nor for the aggrandisement of the author, but one to give pain, inviting sympathy, to those who will acquaint themselves of the pathos which the author meets unendingly in her daily work."
Dr. Stewart draws on her considerable clinical and, providing vivid illustration with a series of compelliEig thumbnail sketches of actual case histories, she demonstrates not only the tasks confronting the workers in the field, also the formidable problems faced by handicapped, disabled and elderly people and their relations.
The logic of the situation begins to take form. If circumstances such as she describes can be contained and supported by one statutory hospital Geriatric Department, with such admittedly limited resource, why cannot other units, with better staffing and amenities, not be working on a much broader canvas? Is some rethinking ana re-appraisal needed-a review of traditional practic€s and lines of thought? Is the medical profession providing the type of support its patients need? Is scientific advance enough?
Time and time again in the narrative one becomes aware how pitifully little pe,rception or help is needed to enable an elderly person in difficulty to regain personal independence. The remedies are patently costly only in human understanding and time, not in national treasure.
As Dr. F. Allen Binks, the Physician-in-Charge of the hospital, pointed out in the "British Medical J oumal" in F€bruary 1968:
"It is a matter of trying to enable many people, some D:ot very,: well eql!lipped, to l,ive effective and fuUming hves as mdependently as pOSSIble) for a normal life SpaH of some 70 or 80 years or more, with all the difficulties this involves This has Hever had to be done before to the extent now demanded of us
"It is not the offence of destitution which must concern us but the breakdown in effective and independent living and the place the hospital has in trying to rectify this, bearing in mind the fact tha.t the greatest difficulties centre around those who, for one reason or another, lack the reserves or the response to regain personal independence:'
This is a book which can and should be read by all people of concern. It is factual, at times tragic, though there is lightness too , stemming from the innate humour people often display in adversity, and faithfully recorded by the author.
STAFFS
GRAND PRIOR BADGES
Dr. Alan Walker presented Grand Prior Badges to Sisters Patricia and Anne Davies MEMBERS OF THE COSELEY DIVISION. Dr. Walker was Coun ty Surge on , now retir ed The sisters' father has b een a m ember of the Brigade f o r man y y ears and th eir mother is a S.R.N. s o that it was th eir encourag em ent and inter est which made Pat and A n n e join as cadets and to contin ue th eir se rvice as members o f th e adult di vision. Midland United Newspa
In 1967 (total slightly down on the previous year) 543 Grand Prior's Badges were awarded. As usual the girls outnumbered the boys by about four to one. It would be interesting to hear from cadet members and their Superintendents what they feel may be the cause of this inequality.
DUKE OF EDINBURGH'S AWARD SCHEME
Much valuable publicity (and I am tired of saying it) is lost when our young members come up to Buckingham Palace to receive their awards from H.R.H The Duke of Edinburgh. Unless they are in uniform it is impossible to do anything at the last minute. Will County Secretaries/P.R.O.s please let me have details, including biographical and date of presentations if possible ten days in advance
READERS ARE INVITED TO SEND IN DESIGNS (OR SUGGESTIONS FOR SUBJECT) FOR THE CHRISTMAS NUMBER. REMINDER, LATEST DATE IS NOVEMBER 6, A PRIZE OF 5 gns. WILL BE AWARDED TO THE WINNER.
The following appreciation of this most excellent book, written initially by Sir Edwin King and revised and continued by Sir Harry Luke has appeared in the August edition of "Books and Bookmen."
"Not many charities can look back on a longer record of service than the Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem: and long life in the book world seems ensured for the classic history of the Venerable Order written by the late Sir Edwin King 44 years a go, "The Knights of St. John in the British Realm," and published by the Order.
"A second edition was brought out in 1934, and a repri.J;tt necessary in 1950. Last year a third edition, 23
revised and continued by Sir Harry Luke , appeared. This has been warmly welcomed and shows vigorous signs of long life. It brings the story of the Order, begun in the days of the First Crusade, nearly 900 years ago , right up to date, serves as a handbook to all associated with the Order, and as informative, enlightening reading fo r the curious who know the Order only from the outside ."
This book is a MUST for everyone connected with the Order of St. John and it should be in every library throughout the country.
Copies can be obtained from the Stores Department of the Order of St. John price 50s., postage extra. (S ee also page 14)
APPEALS CORNER
"EVEN THE TOUTS WERE THERE"
"Of course, it's all phoney really," said my friend. I smote him sharply on the shin, watching the while a large, angry looking man, observing us from across the ring and trying to remember if you can treat shock and a severed spine at the same time, especially with both hands held behind the back! Fortunately he had not heard.
We had been wondering how the Royal Albert Hall would look when half full or half empty as we put it to each other. For the time was half past six on the evening of July 11, and bookings for the Dale Martin Professional Wrestling Promotion in aid of St. John Ambulance had not been all that good. We need not have worried; by half past seven there were few vacant seats at less than 10 gns. which is too much for many and even the touts outside were doing a roaring trade, though I doubt 1£ they filled their pockets as well as our pretty nursing programme sellers filled oUI collecting tins.
Punctually at 8 p.m. H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh arrived at the Royal entrance to be received by the Lord Mayor of Westminster, Councillor C. A. Prendergast, and was escorted up the stairs, lined by the guard of honour from London District, to have presented to him the Lord Prior, Sir Philip Southwell, the Director-General, Sir William Pike, the Commissioner-in-Chief, as well as MarjQIie, Countess of Breckno ck, Superintendent-in-Chief.
By now a rapt crowd was watching the Paris-London matc:h for the Cities Trophy and there were few to see the Prince's progress other than the contingent from London lining the route with their efficient mobile radi@ which was to keep us all in touch all night.
In the Prince Consort Room five demonstrations were staged for the Duke. The accent was on youth and youth activities and the members used were all either young adults of both sexes or cadets.
First two cadet teams from London District put on first aid demonstrations using scenery kindly provided originally for the Brigade Finals by the Associated British Produc:tions Ltd.
Hither Green Ambulance Cadets were faced with a casualty who had fallen on to a ledge in the rock face and were posed with the question of treating a comfracture of the left tibia and fibuia with the bones protruding, a closed fracture of the left wrist, abrasions to the left hand, bruise of the chin and severe shock, and lowering the casualty some six feet to the ground, using props and materials found on the site. Next to them was a team from Brixton Nursing Cadet Division who were confronted by a painter who had fallen from a tubular scaffolding erection on which he had been working. He had sustained an open fracture of the right tibia, with a protrusion of bone just above the ankle, with severe bleeding; a closed fracture of the head of the left humerus and severe shock. Their job was to extricate him from the scaffolding and render first aid.
These two demonstrations were under the c@mmand of Area Staff Officer (Cadets) (A) A. R. Willis.
The next exhibit, from the Priory for Wales and commanded by Assistant Commissioner A. W. Holloway, consisted of four ambulance and two nursing members attired in the distinctive type of rescue clothing worn by their lifeguard and inshore and rescue team, and members of the Surf Life Saving Team from Barry. They were mustered around their reel and line and behind them were mounted a series of photographs depictIing their activities.
The Duke spent some time talking to them and was obviously interested.
Then came members of tbe Surrey Youth Column under the command of Divisional Officer R. N. Oliver.
The Youth Column consists of a number of young adults and cadets in the older age group of both sexes 24
drawn from a number of Divisions in Surrey who specialise in activity training in addition to their normal Divisional curriculum. They were represented by four Ambulance Members, each from a different Division, and two Nursing Cadets, again from two different Divisions.
The first part of their tableau depicted a tent and camping activities which form a large part of their training. The other four members demonstrated with the aid of a "casualty" the use of a "G/Q Rescue Stretcher" which is used for effecting cliff rescues and for conveying the "casualty" in mountainous country.
The last group was drawn from adult and cadet members of both sexes from Buckinghamshire who have been trained in adventure group activities. The county makes a practise of gathering these young members together for first aid training in unusual circumstances, usually in open country, exercising these members in initiative and resourcefulness.
They demonstrated three typical incidents. In the first, a party of first aiders came across an unconscious male hiker at the bottom of a slope. Their problem was to render first aid, establish his identity and improvise carrying equipment. The second incident concerned a housewife who had fallen into an empty tank while decorating her loft. The problem was to extricate the "casualty," immobilise a fractured limb and transfer her to a stretcher. The last incident involved a boy on the top deck of a stack of portable scaffolding some 14 feet from the ground, injured and bleeding extensively. The problem was to mount the scaffolding, render first aid and lower the casualty to the ground.
In the General Scott room a display was mounted of advanced resuscitation and other training aids to cater for the needs of those requiring the Higher First Aid Certificate and Certificate of Advanced Knowledge in First Aid. This is already a significant, and growing proportion of the total certificates issued and arises from those employed in full time works medical services and other industrial environments.
H.R.H. was particularly interested in the dual gauge developed for use with the Norwegian resuscitation training manikin which tells the instructor at once if correct inflation and cardiac compression techniques are being applied by the student.
He was interested also in the single concept film loop technique (accepted by the authoritative committee on Audio-Visual Aids in Education, chaired by Sir Brymor J ones, as one of the most powerful modern teaching tools). This technique which, by constant repetition of a single concept, procedure or technique on film lasting no more than four minutes, overcomes the disadvantages of the fixed speed of the longer cine film, was represented by two particularly successful examples of animation applied to the heart action and breathing mechanisms.
He was glad to hear that one of the projectors demonstrated was a recently developed British enterprise which possesses features which are an advance on earlier imported models.
The equipment was splendidly demonstrated by Mr. N. E. Clark, District Staff Officer, London District, S.J.A.B. and a member of the Visual Aids Committee. Now came the climax of the evening. The crowd had become a little restive during the TV commercial and the ensuing interview, but sMddenly the curtains broke, tlhe spot light pioked oult H.R.H. advancing down the steps to the arena whilst the Herald Trumpeters of the Royal Artillery played a fanfare; majestic indeed. Into the ring went the Prince accompanied by Mr. Abbey of (Continued on page 30)
NEVER, NEVER AGAIN TILL NEXT YEAR
By Area Staff Officer Frank Frewin
Annually I make the resolution: I will never do any more house-to-house collecting for myoId Division. But the resolution is unfailingly broken the following year by a plaintive plea from the Divisional Superintendent accompanied by a supply of envelopes and a list of roads.
There is, moreover, a fascination in this house-tohouse racket. You never know what type of person will open the door: and, my, how they do differ!
The worst reception by far is the snarling dog you can hear on the other side of the door. Suppose he bites me -dogs don ' t like uniforms-I remember reading about a postman-three months in hospital-sh&ll I run-too late-the door is open. But the dog is held back and I watch with increasing apprehension as it is deposited with difficulty in an adjoining room. One tactless householder reassured me by telling me that "his bark is worse than his bite." Worse than!
Conversely , the St. John uniform undoubtedly has a favourable efIect on most humans. Of course this effect can frequently be enhanced by a little bit of charm.
"What a pretty peal of door bells, madam," or "May I say how attractive your wallpaper is?"
Of course, sometimes neither the uniform nor the charm have a chance. "I've got too many of these envelopes already," shouted one lady. "Push off!"
Psychologically sound is for a number of uniformed members to descend on a street together. Perhaps six adjacent doors and those opposite are open at the same time. Mrs. Jones is giving; the St. John man is coming away beaming from Mrs. Smith s. (Clearly, I must give generously and be seen to be doing so!)
GOOD OLD ST. JOHN
Once a gentleman opened the door and immediately embarked on a eulogy of the Brigade. For 15 minutes he was telling me what wonderful people we were, how noble and how selfless. Then at last he took the envelope, turned his back on me, turned round and handed me back the envelope which was now rattling with coins. I thanked him profusely and withdrew. But I became curious to know what munificent contribution he had made. Two halfpennies!
To one lady who said, "Oh dear , I get so many of these little envelopes pushed through my door," I replied, "Yes, I know, I live in a house, too." She looked up in surprise. "Do you?" she said. "Well, I don't live in a tent," I retorted (or, to be more accurate, felt like retorting.)
THE BALD TRUTH
My most startling experience? Surely this was when the door was answered by a sweet lady with a pleasant smile and curly, auburn hair. Certainly she would contribute, and went upstairs to get her purse. As she arrived back at the top of the stairs she stumbled and fell down the whole flight, landing in the hall with a sickening thud. I made a step towards her; she raised her headand she was completely bald. I gaped at this macabre transformation, my face, I know, very white. I recovered my composure only when I noticed the auburn ringlets half-way up the stairs.
But the reception in the overwhelming number of cases is warm, generous and uneventful and I hope to be breaking my annual resolution for many years to come.
YOUNG JUNIOR m.ember of the Steyning, Bramber and Beeding Ambulance and Nursing Cadet Division is quite unimpressed by the proceedings during the annual inspection. (Other pictures on page 21).
25 NEVER, NEVER AGAIN-TILL NEXT YEAR! Or What's New?
Worthing Herald
CAGED BIRDS
CANARIES AND BUDGERIGARS
By courtesy of the R.S.P.C.A.
The R.S.P.C.A. does not recommend the keeping of birds in captivity but gives advice for the welfare of birds already so kept.
are of colours-yellow, green, grey, buff and The beak IS short and pointed.
B.ud.gengars haye the following basic colours with vanatIOns of shadmg: blue, green, yellow and white. The beak is curved and similar in sha p€ to that of the parrot. Where the beak joins the head there is a small bulbous swelling known as the ceres. In adult male birds this is bright blue in colour, and in the female it is white or dark brown.
HOUSING
:li it is. inte?ded to keep a cage bird as a pet, it is only faIr to gIve .It as large a cage as possible. The perches be WIdely spaced to allow plenty of flying room.
Buds !1e.ed it is preferable to keep a pair.
Th:e IDIDlIDUITl. SIze of cage they will need is 3ft. x 15in. x 15m., so that It can be used for breeding. It is kinder to spend money on a large cage rather than on decorations and on knick-knacks, which only impede flight and are a danger to the birds.
A cage should never be placed near a window where the is likely to be exposed to the direct rays of the sun m the summer and cold draughts in the winter.
Both ca:raaries a?d budgerigars relatively hardy and be kept m an outdoor aVIary provided their sleeplllg quarters are dry and free from draughts. In very severe. .artificial heating may be necessary. Electnc neatmg IS the method of choice as there is no risk of fumes harming the birds.
Outdoor aviaries should be constructed of tin. wire mesh, the. bottom of which should be buried about 12in. below SOlI level to discourage rats from burrowing. Perches1.can l?e made from branches of any soft wood, about 2m. dIameter, but yew, laurel and privet must never be used as the bark contains a toxic substance which may harm the birds. The perches should be well spaced to give plenty of flying room and should never be placed one above the other.
FEEDING
In the natural state these birds feed on grass seeds and st1!ff. a caged bird is to be kept in a healthy condItIOn thIS dIet. must be Although most sold for feedmg these bIrds supply the daily food are deficient in some respect in and mmeral; therefore, if the staple dIet of the seed or a mixture of canary seed aNd It IS necessary to augment the diet to supply the mIssmg elements that are so essential for good health.
mix1?res. can be purchased to supply additional protem and vltamms. These mixtures shOUld be of the that the ingredients in the kernel of the gram-otherwIse they will be lost when the bird de-husks the grain before eating it.
food should be given in the form of lettuce leaves, cabbage, spinach and watercress. These should be washed before being given to the birds. Bruised or frosted leaves must be rejected. Grated carrot pieces of apple or orange make welcome additions.
necessary mineral may. be provided by gIvmg a cuttle fish bone to mbble. Gnt must be given and is better placed in a small pot rather than scattered on the bottom of the cage where it is likely to become fouled. Salt should be given in the form of sea sand or 26
of a small lump of rock salt put in with the seed.
Fresh seed may be offered by collecting the seed heads of the smaller grasses and shepherd's purse. The seed head.s must be washed and allowed to dry before being m cage. If stored in a tin they can be kept and gIven durmg the winter m€}nths.
Water must be available at all times and should be changed daily.
GENERAL
A .tame bird. may be allowed to fly about the room .certam elementary precautions are taken. Wmdows If open should be screened as should fires. Deep flower can be. a trap. allow a budgie to fly about the .kItchen while cooking is in progress; these bIrds are cunous by nature and their curiosity in these places may lead to tragedy for them. If you have a cat see that the bird cage is well out of reach and do not allow the. cat in the room while the bird is loose. From tIme to time the bird should be handled as this IS of if treatment has to be carried out. If. the bud IS accustomed to being handled, it will not be fnghtened. The correct way to pick up a small bird is to place the hand over the back of the bird with the first and second finger on either side of the neck. The other two fingers go round the bird and touch the palm at the base of the thumb (see illustration). If the bird do not tighten the grip. Birds held in this way WIll not hurt themselves and will remain still. The whole process should be gently done and sudden movement avoided.
It .is necessary to cover the cage at night, but if the bIrd IS lIkely to be disturbed by street lighting or car headlamps, a cover should be provided. species like a bath in warm weather. A saucer of tel?Id can be put in the cage before cleaning, as the lIke t? make a great splash while bathing. Buds apprecIate a few playthings such as a ping-pong ball or a cotton reel suspended on a piece of thread. Some to .find cc.)llsolation in looking at their reflectIOn III a ffilrror WIred to the side of the cage. The of gadgets that. can be purchased for the cage IS legIOn, but the warnmg not to restrict flying space should be borne in mind.
. are many good. books on subject of cage they.repay study If the unhappmess of the birds IS to be aVOIded.
If your bird seem off colour seek expert advice as as possI?le and the person best qualified to give adVIce IS a vetennary surgeon. If you are unable to afford the fee the nearest R.S.P.c.A. clinic will help you.
Next month: "The Care and Management of Puppies."
ROYAL SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS
105, Jermyn Street, London, S.W.l.
LETTERS
Dear Madam,
In the issue of December last I wrote an article on our Hospital in Jerusalem. I made an appeal for funds and I did suggest a few ways in which money could be raised, but I regret to say that the response to my asking for help was not very good, so I am taking the liberty of appealing once again, and asking can you do anything to help the Hospital, which is very much in need of money in order to carry out the wonderful work they have done, and are still doing, for so many years now.
To refresh the memory of those who read my article, I did suggest that some Divisions, either Adult or Cadet, or both, might be able to run a Christmas Fair or some. thing of that nature to raise a little money. I also said that Divisions or Association centres might be able to have boxes where if only a few coppers per week could be put in, by the end of the year an amount would be raised, and many of these little collections would make a sum worthy of offering to the Order to enable them to keep this Hospital of ours going.
It is a great pity that it is so far away, for I feel sure that if others could see what my wife and I saw, and we were the first visitors to the Hospital after the six-day war to come from the Home Coun try, you would readily want to help.
So if you can do something separately, or collectively, will you please do your best. If you need any advice please write to me:
A.S.O. L. F. DICK, 15, Alma Avenue, Highams Park, London, E.4.
Tel.: 01-527 2857.
Poisonous Wild Plants of the British Countrysidecont. from page 12
Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum)
Flowers: White, but smaller than woody nightshade, in clusters (cymes), with stalks so close together as to appear to have a common origin.
Fruit: Spherical berries, typically black, but sometimes tinged with yellow or red.
Stems: Erect, about 12 inches high, with spreading branches.
Leaves: Egg-shaped (ovate), with bluntly-toothed edges, but easily distinguished from woody nightshade by having wavy surfaces. The root differs from that of the woody nightshade by not being "creeping".
Habitat: Fairly common in the south of England, less COlllmon farther north. Found on cultivated ground, waste places, etc.
Poisoning by either woody or black nightshade results in the patient being "off colour". No treatment is necessary, and the effects quickly pass off.
Arum Lily (Arum macula tum)
Other common names include cuckoo-pint, lords and ladies, red hot poker, wild arum, wake Robin, etc.
Almost as well known as the deadly nightshade is the arum lily, a remarkable plant which appears in bloom in April and May, but whose peculiar blossom is replaced a few weeks later by an equally peculiar fruit. It is a common British plant, although less well known in Scotland. The flowers, arranged in alternate red and yellow groups, are 27
For details of the House and Membership, please complete and return this coupon to THE WARDEN, ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE, LONDON, S.W.I. (BELgravia 2732).
NClTIU Full Address
clustered around a central rod, known to the botanist as a "spadix", the whole being partially surrounded by a single leaf which overlaps half-way from the top, thus forming a protection for the flowers, and rises about 9 inches from the ground. The fruit which follows the flowers consists of closely-packed berries of a bright, pinky-red, but the whole plant sends out a most pungent aroma suggesting carrion, and it is surprising that children should ignore this foetid smell in order to consume the poisonous berries.
Habitat: Common on hedge-banks and in woods throughout England and Ireland, but rare in Scotland.
The symptoms of poisoning by cuckoo-pint are insensibility leading to coma, but preceded by convulsions, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and pnrging. The pupils are dilated. Victims are usually children.
TREATMENT
Emetics, followed by castor oil. Strong coffee Pain may be relieved by the application of hot compress or foment to abdomen.
Third in order of plants which are well known to the general public as poisonous is laburnun1, but I am prepared for the criticism from the more knowledgeable that "This is not a wild flower". No, but it is so often mistaken for "wild' , especially by children, who find it growing on the fringe of country gardens, and also as an escape from cultivation. When I refer to it by its more popular pseudonym of "golden rain", and remind you of the pods which follow those cascades of bright, yellow flowers, from which the "green peas" are often extracted by children, no further description will be necessary.
Part 2 in October
Illustration by courtesy of Spratts Patents Ltd.
DATES FOR YOU R DIARY
Gas Industry Fire Brigades
Dancing
Tara Ball
National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Association
Order of St. John Investiture
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL FIRST AID COMPETITION
(Sponsored by the Daily Express)
General Post Office Ambulance Centre
Order of St. John Investiture
GRAND PRIOR'S TROPHY COMPETITIONS
Hoarseness-cont. from page 19 patients in the acute stages of inf ection have an increased sensitivity of the pharynx which may make indirect laryngoscopy more difficult, an uncomplicated acute laryngitis should resolve quickly and if the hoarseness shows no evidence of clearing within two or three weeks then it becomes imperative to examine the larynx thoroughly without further delay.
The symptoms of a recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis are usually sudden in onset even though the nerve lesion is one which develops gradually. If the cord is paralysed in a bowed position there is marked air-waste and the voice may be very weak as well as hoarse. Indirect examination with a mirror gives the most reliable assessment of the paralysis. In some patients a direct laryngoscopy under anaesthesia may be necessary to differentiate a paralysis from a fixation of the cord as a result of infiltration with carcinoma arising in the sub-glottic region or of ankylosis of the crico-arytenoid joint. In assessing the activity of the laryngeal muscles it is necessary to remember that the two vocal cords do not always recover with equal speed from the effect of anaesthetics. If a tuberculous laryngitis is suspected on examination a chest X-Fay should be taken. The only difficulty which is likely to arise is when there are obvious tuberculous lesions
Hall, W.l Grand Priory Church
HALL, W.l
present in the lungs but their activity is doubtful. In such a patient sputum examination will probably solve the problem but if any doubt remains a biopsy should be taken.
Any lesion suspected of being a carcinoma should be biopsied. If the tumour is large and friable and associated with respiratory obstruction then extensive removal of the tumour for histological examination may obviate the need for a tracheostomy.
TREATMENT
The treatment of any patient with hoarseness will depend on the aetiology of the condition, and the most important first step in treatment is establishing an accurate diagnosis. Although laryngitis in one form or another may be the commonest cause of hoarseness the two words must not be regarded as synonyms. The term laryngitis implies an inflammatory process and should be used only for inflammatory conditions. If a patient presen ts wi th hoarseness and his disability is labelled "laryngitis" then if he fails to respond to treatment the therapy tends to be questioned rather than the diagnosis. If an acute bout of hoarseness fails to respond rapidly to treatment then it must be suspected that there is some other underlyiflg lesion and that the diagnosis of laryngitis is wrong or is only part of the diagnosis. No
28
Trinidad and Tobago-cont. from page 16
THE RADIO EMERGENCY SECTION
With four of the area's Senior Officers and four auxiliary members, the R.E.S. of the south area continues to function. With a Central Control, three base sets, and six mobile units, including the. ambulance, and an almost 24-hour m.omtonng system, members can call in for routme emergency purposes. The section ' s Radio Call is R.E.S.C.U. - for Radio E mergency SectIOn Communications Unit.
TRAINING
The area conducted a Brigade Secretarial Practice and Methods Course for some 18 members. Also held was a comprehensive seven Cour e in Brigade Admini tration, LeadershIp and Human Relations. This was for Officers, N.C.O.s and other ranks. Forty Certificates of Completion were issued at the end of the courses.
REVIEW CROSSWORD No. 9
Compiled by W. A. Potter
31
19
21
patient should ever be treated for chronic laryngitis without comprehensive examination to exclude other more serious possibilities.
(Reprint ed by court esy of " Medica! News Magazine.")
CROSSWORD No.2 WINNERS
Mrs. Hamilton Flat 2, 15, Collingham Road, London, S.W.5.
Mr. Joseph Fanandes Gibraltar.
No entry was received for the Cadet Section.
Prizes were a pocket torch and a key ring.
SOCIAL
Some 150 members and their friends attended the area aet-together held at the Palms Club, San Fernando b (the town in which the Area H.Q. is located) recently. There was a Chinese buffet style dinner, the usual toasts, presentation of Certificates, then followed the dancing. Amongst those present was the Chairman of the St. John Council for Trinidad and Tobago, Mr. Basil Jacks on.
PRESENTATIONS
On March 9, 1968, there was a small but impressive ceremony held at Brigade H.Q., South, when Divisional Superintendent CecIl Arneaud, of the No. 178 Division, Westmount Area, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (formerly a member of the San Fernando "A" Ambulance Division, Trinidad) presented the area with a Memorial Trophy to be competed for by all divisions in Area South. The opportunity was also taken to present DIS Arneaud with his Service Medal. Among those present were His Worship the Mayor of San Fernando, Councillor Doveton Sullivan; Mr. John Kelly, Superintendent, Blind Welfare Association {South) and Area Superintendent (A) Kenneth Raymond. The presentations were made to and by Area Commissioner Kenneth Gill. DIS Arneaud was in Trinidad on a short holiday.
10 An opinion firmly held, whIcbever way one looks at it.
12. Detest heat in this form.
13. Adults have at least ten pints.
14. Festive occasion requiring both general and local anaesthetics.
17 First eleven for part of Sternum.
19. The last upset a furtive procedure.
20. A measly modification of pancreatic digestive ferment.
22. Would tbis complaint be described in a back number of a medical journal?
23. A great Russian, but possibly vain.
24. Sickness which may be caused by immunising injections.
25. Trust for investors.
29. Concerned with birth in South Africa.
30. I spill rum for bacterium.
31. Organ absorbing glucose, salt and water.
DOWN
2. Take into hospital.
3. Send to sleep between busy periods.
4. Confused and twisted, but was in front after sharp taste.
5. Timid anatomical system.
6. Reduce wounds.
7. Tendon from 17 across to the pubis
8. Uninspiring way to die.
11. Life-saving surgery wben there is severe obstruction of the airway.
15. Cords across the larynx.
16. Returned for example to mail carrier for simple organisms.
18. Sanle party arranged to distribute wages.
21. After hesitation, spine is manipulated to produce intestinal ferment.
22. Confused clue in direction for essential amino-acid
26. Synthetic suture material.
27. Aristocratic blood is poorly oxygenated?
28. Clenched hand is in foot.
WITH COOKS IN MIND
Recipes from the British Sugar Bureau
SPAGHETTI WITH SHREDDED MEAT AND HERB SAUCE
This dish takes a long time to cook, but the long, slow simmering of the meat and herbs produces the basis for this delicious sauce.
The ingredients for this recipe make just 2 quarts of sauce, and bearing in mind that 1 lb. of spaghetti allows for 4 servings, we think it is an ideal party dish, as the ingredients can be doubled with little extra effort. Any sauce left over can be stored in the refrigerator for future use.
Cost, including the spaghetti is 4s. per PREPARATION 30 mins.
FOR SIX PERSONS
Ingredien ts:
1t lb. piece of round beef
3 tspns. salt
1 oz. flour
ST. JOHN LIFE-LINE
In the March " Review" (page 14) pictures and a description of the life-line designed by Mr. S. Bishop, P.R.O. Coventry Corps, were published.
Since then he has had two requests to supply details from Canada, and many in this country.
A report from Mr. Belben , Bath Division P.R.O. , states that the device was tested by a 16 stone Naval long-distance swimmer in the presence of the President of the Bath Humane Society and judged a winner.
Rub the beef with flour. Heat the olive oil in a large casserole and brown the meat slowly on all sides.
Add the hot water , cover and cook slowly for 3 hours or until the meat falls apart. Tear it into small pieces with a fork.
Add the remaining ingredients (except the spaghetti and cheese). Cover tightly and simmer for 2 more hours, stirring occasionally
Remove cover and boil until the sauce thickens to the desired consistency.
Cook the spaghetti in accordance with the direction on the packet. Ladle the sauce over the spaghetti and , top it with parmesan cheese.
LEMONADE
'This recipe for lemonade not only makes a refreshing drink but it is also full of health and energy for the younger members of the family.
MAKES TWO BOTTLES
Ingredients:
2 lb . granulated sugar
1 oz. citric acid
:2 lemons (rind and juice)
1 pt. boiling water
METHOD (1)
Put the sugar, citric acid, rind and juice of the lemons into a sa'llcepan. Pour over the boiling water and stir until dissolved, then bottle
METHOD (2)
Add the boiling water to the sugar, lemon juice and rind. Stir until dissolved and leave over night. Add the citric acid and then bottle.
30
To find out WHAT GOES ON IN ST. JOHN take the H Review" regularly COMPLETE THE ORDER FORM ON INSIDE BACK COVER (MAKES A GOOD PRESENT) NOW
On the occasion of M etro-Goldwyn- Mayer's Presentation of DAVID O. SELZNI CKJS "GONE WITH THE
Appeals Corner-cont. from page 24
Dale Martin Promoters and the Commissioner-in-Chief, whilst the audience roared its greeting. A quick word t o ea'Ch of the wrestlers, a happy wave and then back t o his seat with a programme, so prettily presented by Miss Moyra Howe of Chalk Farm, and then on with th e wrestling.
It was pure genius to finish with a tag match; Princ e and people went horne laughing and happy On hi s departure H.R.H. was heard to say how much he had enjoyed his evening and how much he hoped it h a d been a success for St. John. Nothing phoney a bout that!
The net proceeds of the Royal Wrestling Tournament at the Royal Albert Hall on July 11 will be published next month, but readers may be interested to know tha t the TV presemation came 6th in the T.A.M. rating for that week.
Our grateful thanks are due to the following for thei r donations received during this month: Equity and Law Trust.
Our next big event is, of course, the TARA Ball a t the Hurlingham Club on October 3. Tickets (£5 5s.), and raffle books (12 for £1 lOs.), are now available, so do let us know how many of each you want.
The Luncheon at the Mansion House, scheduled for October 22, has had to be cancelled.
GIMMICKS
I expect most of you already collect stamps for th e benefit of your funds, but have you consi dered collecting coins. With the introduction of decim al currency. it will pay you to "check your 'Change," and a little book is available on that subject from PRo t ographic Ltd ., 56, Belgr:nve Road, Torquay, for 2s. 6d. This will show you that a small profit may be made very simply; afte r all, you may find a 1951 penny! See also page 6.
To be held at The Hurlingham Club on Thursday, October 3, 1968
Dancing from 9.30 p.m. till 3.00 a.m. to top dance band and traditional Steel BandDiscotheque with recording personalities - Champagne Buffet Supper - Military Pageant - Fashion Show - Draw of Grand Raffle - Tambala with many hundreds of prizes and special prize for best Period costume.
Dress: Black Tie or Period Costume Tickets: 5 gns Including Supper
Name Address
I enclose my cheque value £ made payable to The St. John Ambulance as payment for tickets to the TARA BALL.
I am unable to attend but have pleasure in enclosing cheque value £ as a donation to this event.
Please return application forms to: Chairman Appeals Committee, St. John Ambulance, 1 Grosvenor Crescent, S W.1 Telephone: 01-2355231
OLD EYES FOR NEW
You and thousands more of us - ordinary men and womenmay now give sight to someone who is, at this moment, blind.
Because this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back their vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
Eyes of all colours are equally valuable, and it does not matter if you have worn spectacles for years.
If you are not as young as you were, do not feel that your offer will be less valuable. Strangely enough, it will be more so: the eyes of older people are even better for this I?urpose.
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shall benefit, it is essential that there should be many more willing donors than will ever be called upon.
His Majesty King Hussein of Jordan has donated his eyes to the Order's Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem.
Mark all correspondence "CORNEAL GRAFTING" addressed to:
The Director-General, The Royal National Institute for the Blind, 224 Great Portland Street, London, W.l. 32
In February 1960 we were stunned by the news of her death. In 1968 we can remember her by contributing to the interests for which she gave her life.
EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN
H E R LI FE IN PICTU R E S
Compiled and Edited by Marjorie , Countess of Brecknock
Superintendent-in-Chief, St. John Ambulance Brigade
7s. 6d. each
7s. each orders for ten or over (postage extra in each case)
Publi shed by Macdonald
Orders to:
Edwina Mountbatten Book, 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S. W.1
Telephone: 01-235 5231
The Edwina Mountbatten Trust is the memorial to a great woman. The proceeds of the sale of this book goes to a fund which supports St. John , the nursing profession and children all over the world.
Safe, gentle and swift to healSavlon
!Savlon ' Liquid and !Savlon ' Cream are indispensable to your first aid kit They gently clean away dirt, killin g the germs that would infect the wound. The antisept i cs in both products are powerful, safe. They were discovered by I.e I. and are now used extensively by doctors and hospitals in this country and overseas
'Savlan' Antiseptic Cream 1/6,2 /6, 4/6, 8/3.
'Savlan' Liquid Antiseptic 1/6t, 2/9h 4/10.
"The White Cross in Canada"
by Col. G. W. L. Nicholson is now available to readers of St. John Review
" an exciting account of the history of St. John Ambulance in Canada a must for mem bers everywhere "
ST. JOHN AMBULANCE, NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS, 321 CHAPEL STREET, OTTAWA, CANADA
PI@ase forward me Gepy (copies) of " The White Cross in Canada." Enclosed, please find Pestal Money Order for tile sum of.. Ncame Address
ttac he d to t he sk in , ye t free m ov e me nt is po ss ible a nd tre a tm e n t d oes n ot d a m age the m . I d ea l f or d e m o n s trati o n s a nd oompe t it ions. Build up a complet e r ange for yo u r tea m
Send 1/ 6d in s liamp s fo r a co lo ur boo kl et g ivin g deta ils of a ll wo und s ava il a bl e , cas ua lt y fak in g hin ts a Fld s ug ges ted in c id en ts.
BROWNING'S LYD.
Dept. J 69 , Aberd een Street, Hull, Y ork shir e There's a correct
NO MORE: TIRED LEGS
Now you can
stockings
For the woman on her feet all day. Thousanc;ls of nurses wear them, also shop assistants, waitresses and the like.
Golden Lady supp0rt stockings combine the glamour of sheer nylon with effective
Amazing Low Prices!
Fully Fashioned 19/11
Seamfree/SPANZELLE 24/11
For SUPPLIES
of First Aid Manuals, or any teaching book relating to courses organised by the St. John Ambulance. Teaching aids generally include First Aid Film Loops. Uniforms for the St. John Ambulance Brigade, including Badges and Insignia. All First Aid Materialsstretchers, kits, etc.
In the 10t v /11 /1 size only, there are two leg lengthsStandard and Extra Long, the latter having a 2/1 leg (3/1 when worn) for women with long legs and/or fat legs and thick thighs.
SHADES:-
BRONZE-the mest popular shade elosely f01!1Qwed byDEBONAIR-rTrIeeiium tan a litile lighter than Br®nze
DARK TAN-darker and br®wner thal'l Bronze
EVENTIDE-warm grey similar to Mink. Also, BLACK. Requests fQr literature and quantity discounts welcomed
2
FOR SERVICE
you can best put the principles and practice of the knowledge gained on the First Aid Course into active use by joining the ST. JOHN AMBULANCE
Ask at the nearest unit of the ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE
or Write to:-
The Chief Staff Officer
St. John Ambulance
1 Grosvenor Crescent
London S.W.l
Tel: 01-235 5231
St. John House, 50, Eaton Place, London, S.W.1
ACCESSIBLE BY ROAD , rail (unde rground) and air, and within easy walking distance of St John Ambulance H.Q R e aso nabl e m e mb ership and accomm@dation rat es Meals at attractive prices Send for details NOW. Telephone: 235 2732.
"Room at the Inn?"
BY
COLONEL W. L. R. BENYON
Chairman ,St. John Hous e M anagement Bo ard
THE rain in Spain fell mainly in Belgrave Square this " summer," and those of us who had decided to spend our holidays in London may well have felt a nostalgia for home as well as extending our vocabulary! What to do? Most small hotels, even if there is anywhere to sit, drive you out after breakfast and although there are people who like walking about in the wet, I believe, they mostly come from Ireland, where the rain I am told is "different." When you do get in again you find it is " tele" time and all the seats are taken. Museums are interesting, and there are plenty of them, but they are exhausting places and the persistent smell of a wet mackintosh detracts from one's enjoyment. Cinemas abound but most films get boring the third time round. So, what to do?
Of course one can eat and, indeed , most people do. There must be thousands of restaurants, teashops, eating houses, snack bars and even pubs ready and willing to sustain the inner man or woman and offering the widest variety, h@m almost anything from a very large sum to almost nothing for much the same amo unt. So that one's money will not last for very long, with young Fred an d his sister only too eelighted to eat a hole in anyone's pocket, as often as possible.
3
No , you must find a home from home where you can still sit and read the advertisements in the newspapers and watch the " tele " until the rain stops. (If it ever does). What you want is a nice clean , warm bedroom , three good meals a day and plenty of comfortable sitting space with and without " tele ." Of course, we all drink (don ' t we?) and so yo u need s0mewhere to do that too , preferably with other people who are friendly and like to talk about the same sort of things as you do , so that you can tell that marvellous story of the time you fixed a fractured femur with two broken fountain pens and a bundle of stinging nettles!
It is nice, too , to be a91e to have your friends in for a small party. You may want to celebrate young Fred's recovery from that visit to the zoo, or something. Anyway, a private room with some cheap eats and a few bottles of warm wine (guaranteed non-poisonous) can help to while away many a damp evening If you get bored yo u can always slip away to the and leave them to it, especially if it is Coronation Street or Z Cars , or something.
(Continu ed 017 pag e 12)
The death of H.R.H. PRINCESS MARINA, DUCHESS OF KENT, Commandant-in-Chief, Nursing Corps and Divisions, Priory for Wales, came as a profound shock The Chairman of the Headguarters Board Meeting held at London Headquarters on September 4 said: "Her death has saddened everyone. She will be greatly missed, not only by St. John in Wales, but throughout the Commonwealth.
THE ST. JOHN REVIEW
31oon'5
%Indent J!)ome of tbe <lE'rber anb its jfounbations
Five times a year about one hundred and fifty people, from all walks of life, come to the Grand Priory Church in Clerkenwell, London, to receive their insignia as 'members of the Order in recognition of their work for humanity.
They sign the Homage Roll in the ancient Gate House across the square from the Church where they return after the ceremony for tea in the magnificent Chapter Hall and Council Chamber.
The original Priory of the Order was built in about 1144 and only the Gate House (renovated to the early design) and the Crypt in the Church still survive. The walls of the Chapter Hall, Council Chamber and the Crypt are lined with beautiful plaques in memory of .Heads, Knights, i?ames Grand Cross, Officers and others who, m theIr hfe-tIme, gave outstandmg and devoted serVlce m the cause of relieving suffering wherever, whenever and however it was needed.
The Museum, too, is a feast of historical interest. Relics from the earliest time, and particularly of the gloriotls past of Crusader times, are on show and a visit to the Gate should be a must for anyone connected with St. John. Tours of the Gate can be arranged by appointment-just telephone 01-253 6644, or write for an appointment (NOT on Investiture Day, please).
Another mhlst are the books: "Knights of St. John in the Briti,<;h Realm," written by the late Sir Edwin King, and revised and brought up to date by Sir Harry Luke, Bailiff of Egle, published by, the Order and obtainable from Stores, price 50s. (post extra), and "A Good Uniform" by Joan Clifford (Robert Hales at 25s.).
H.R.H. THE PRINCESS MARGARET, Cemmand€lnt-in-Chief, Ambulance and Nursing
Cadets, Dame Grand CrQSS of lhe Order of St. John, toured the International lubilee Camp, Swansea, escorted by the Camp Commandant, Mr. John Coy, and Miss Zoe D. Druitt, Training Officer for Wales. The Chief Commissioner f(f)r Wales, Lieut.-CQlomel 1. R. L. Traherne, DL., and the Mayor of Swansea are seen in the background.
Royal Visits HEREFORDSHIRE
HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, Sovereign Head of the Order of St. John, pictured at this year's Three Counties Show, accompanied by Brigadier A. F. L. Clive, Chairman, St. John Council for Herefordshire, and show President.
MANAGEMENT OF THE UNCONSCIOUS PATIENT
By R. Myles Gibson, M.D., M.Sc., F.R.C.S.,
Consultant Neurosurgeon, General Infirmary, Leeds
It is probably true to say that there are few more frightening .or worrying conditions for the young or inexperienced first aider than the management of the unconscious person. Frightening it certainly seems to the first aider, who may well be the first to discover the patient, or at any event the first to make assessment and to render aid. It is often worrying also f.or the doctor and nurse who later may have to make critical judgments and decisions about the patient's treatment and longer term care.
But it is important to realise that this sh?uld pose the properly trained first aider no allXlety, provided certain rules of procedure are adopted and an order of priorities observed. It is necessary for the first aider to realise the vital role he plays and which he must fulfil with confidence. He must remember that here is a situation in which the victim is entirely dependent on others for his wellbeing and that it is the stunned, bruisc:ct! disorganised or inactive brain cells .of. the mJurc:ct which demand speedy, well co-ordmated bram activity from the first aider.
It is no exaggeration to say that what ultimately becomes of an unconscious patient depends to a large extent on the speed and efficiency of the aid he receives. In order to prepare the first alder for his task it is necessary for him to have an insight and understanding of the pr.oblem First of all he should know that mJury to the bram or disordered brain function due to some "medical condition" should not be regarded as a "static" event in time, but should be accepted as the initiati,on of a moving course of events for better or worse which can be influenced one way or the other by the first aider. Secondly, althou.gh a se?se of urgency is undoubtedly necessary m dealing with these problems, it must be part of a systematic approach otherwise additional injuries will be missed and avoidable mistakes made.
Faced with a , comatose person, the first aider should remember that this may be the result of an injury or a "medical cemdition." The pitfall to this truism is that both may co-exIst, e.g., the patient has suffered a a result of which he falls and hIts his head sustalmng a head injury. It may be obvious to one and all at the scene of an accident that injury has occurred, e.g., a road traffic accident, wound bleeding, witnesses' or bypassers' stateD?-ents. .are, however, circumstances where eVIdence of mJury or trauma is lacking and these are generally due to some medical condition, which can be roughly grouped as follows:
(a) S0me disorder of brain function, e.g., 7
epilepsy, cerebral apoplexy, asphyxia;
(b) some disorder of circulation, e.g., heart attack, faints;
(c) some disorder of body metab,olic function, e.g., diabetes;
(d) poisoning of one kind or another.
It may be possible to make a fairly quick and accurate distinction between the "surgical" and the "medical" case. Patients undergoing long term medical treatment for certain medical may be carrying cards, which be for. This may be helpful in determmmg the suffering from diabetes, or on long term anticoagulant (blood thinning) treatment. It is in some ways regrettable that there is no national or i?ternational identibracelet in general use for patIents on such long term treatment, f.or experience .has shown that not infrequently the day the patIent has his sudden illness outside, his treatment card happens to be in his other suit or in another handbag at home!
Whatever the cause of the coma the first aider should have been taught to ask himself, automatically, two questions:
(a) is there any bleeding to control?
(b) is there any need for assisted respiration? and if necessary, get on with the treatment!
From then on he must pursue three objectives: 1. Control of the airway: This is perhaps the most important single factor common t.o all these cases. Much can be done to influence the course and outcome of the patient by ensuring a good airway and preventing the inhalation of vomit and blood int.o the lungs. It is all too often forgotten that damaged brain cells on the of or survival may be spared, prOVIded suffiCIent oxygen can be kept in the body circulation. Conversely, a poor or blocked airway, with impaired blood oxygen content may lead to the death of these marginally viable brain cells. The essence of maintaining a good airway is to understand the mechanics of how air normally gets into the lungs via the nose, mouth and trachea and how this may be mechanically blocked by the presence of blood, mucous, or vomit. Equally possible is the falling backward of the tongue, obstructing the passage of air, virtually completely. Even in the absence of these mechanical factors causing blockage, ventilation of the lungs may be poor or absent in the immediate period following injury due to impairment of action of the respiratory centre at the base of the brain following the "concussion" or "stunning" effect of the blow.
(Continued overleaf)
Berrow's Newspapers
Management of the Unconscious Patient-cont.
To overcome these problems the patient ought to be placed on his side in the "coma position" so that secretions tend to run out of the mouth not into the lungs. The mouth and throat should be cleared and kept clear, as far as possible, of thick mucous and vomit. In this regard it is a great pity that many ambulances called to the scene of an accident are not equipped with simple suction apparatus which could clear, and keep clear, the mQuth and nose of fluid blockage during the early vital phase of injury and transportation to hospita1. In addition, positioning the jaw and holding it forward and upward by pressure on the angle of the jawbone helps keep the t.ongue forward and makes for easic:r and clearer breathing. It may be and with good reason, that it is sometimes, if not often, difficult to keep a head injured patient in the lateral position, jaw held up, airway dear of secretions when they tend to be restless, sometimes aggressive and geneFally difficult. This is true, but one must try even in the face of such difficulties. When the patient reaches hospital, or first medical aid, and instruments and drugs are available more definitive steps can be taken to control the airway.
2: Assessment of other injuries: It is absolutely vital to stress again and again in teaching and training that the first aid er must regard the unpatient as a "whole person" and not sunply someone who happens to be unconscious who has sustained a head injury. If the first falls into the. trap of thinking only of the head lUJury or unconscIOusness, other injuries, some no less and sometimes more important than the head inj\lry, will be missed. To quote simple examples which happen frequently, head injury is quite associated with chest injury, abdominal lllJ\lFY, fracture o! the pelvis, spine or long bones. It IS a fact of hfe today that modern accident. especially high velocity accident such as the motor car very often means mUltiple injuries this should never be forgotten. Having dealt with the unconscious patient's immediate problems therefore, the first aider must examine his patient "as a whole" for any other injuries which may coexist and take whatever steps alie necessary.
3. Level of response: At first this may sound a strange phrase but as you will see presently it is good one. I recommend you use this phrase III your thlllklllg and teaching and move away from the more commonly used "conscious level." When one talks about conscious level one tends to try and describe the patient's clinical state by such as semi-cc:nscious, partly conSCIOUS, stupor, coma, unconscIOUS, etc., all of which tend to mean different th ings to different peopl€ at diMerent times. Hence it is difficult to establish a "base line" with regard to the patient's conelition which can usefully be interpreted and used later by the hospital doctor in the case assessment. If, 8
on the other hand, instead of using a word to describe your assessment of the patient's level, a word whioh may co!W.jwre up something different in the mind of the next person to look after the patient, you simply describe, as accurately as you can the patient's response to certain stimuli, this will prove more helpful, e.g.:
(1) does he respond to command, speaking or shouting to him? If he does, how does he respond? Does he talk and if so is he sensible or confused?
(2) If the patient does not respond to conversational speech or commands does he respond t.o painful stimuli? e.g., pinprick, pinching of the skin, etc. If he does respond, in what way does he do it-by violence, restlessness or by moving only the limbs on the one side?
(3) If he makes no response to command or to painful stimuli the first aider should note whether the limbs are limp or stiff.
If the first aider trains himself to think along these lines when he sees an unconsciou s person and to relay this information to the doctor or hospital it can be of great value to the doctor when assessing whether the patient is improving or deteriorating. Consequently, earlier operation with improved result for the patient may be the reward, or alternatively the patient may be spared an operation where the surgeon in the absence of reliable "base line" information about the patient would feel there was no alternative but to make an emergency operation.
Looked at in this way the first aider sees his task in the pa ttern of events and his role in the chain of command in the management of many patients with head injury.
FIRST AID
FIRST MEDICAL AID
FIRST SURGICAL AID-CASUALTY DE PT. ACCIDENT UNIT OR SURGICAL WARD SPECIALISED NEUROSURGICAL UNIT
If the patient's level of response is assessed by the first aider, coupled with care of the airway and the control of bleeding this will be a most worthwhile and valuable contribution to the overall care of the patient in the likely pattern of events listed above.
Last, but no less important than any of the other factors mentioned, is the truism which cannot be too often stressed Or repeated-that n o head injury however mild should be treated lightl y or in an off-hand manner. Every patient who has had even a mild head injury is a potential candidate for the serious complication of compression due to haemorrhage within the skull. Indeed the iro my is that it may d evelo p in those who have sustained a head imjuFY which does not at first seem serious and in whom the actua[ brain tissue
(Concluded on/acing page)
cOrrJl.bined operation
THE SOUTHAMPTON CENTRE of the St. J oIm Ambulance Association staged a series of first ai d demonstrations at the Southampton Annual Show on July 12 / 13. The demonstrations were di rected towards encouraging members of the pu blic to take advantage of the various classes organised from time · to time throughout the area. Eac h was stage d by a different organisation within the Association or by a different unit within the Brigade, including both Ambulance and Nursing Cadets. Each d emonstration took place as the clock struck the hour and was accompan ie d by a commentary for the benefit of the public In all, 13 d emonstrations were given.
Casualties were provided by CasuaLties Union who also gave demonstrations of their work during the free time between first aid demonstrations. An epileptic fit by the unit leader and a faint by another member were so realistic that experienced first aiders in the audience were "ca ught ouL
A display of St. John publications and insignia created considerable interest.
To the number of casualties treated had to be added four who fainted whilst watching the demonstrations, and although it had not been expected that the personnel at this event wou ld be required to provide first aid cover, which was in the hands of the Brigade at an headquarters some 200 yards away, a constant procession of genuine casualties were dealt with , thereby lightening the load on the Brigade units which were kept bus y throughout the show.
Hot weather, a record attendance of 51,000 and a show jumping competition, all helped provide the many casualties.
Besides St. John Ambulance Association, Brig ade and Casualties Union, five industrial organisations provided first aiders to help with demonstrations, and the success of the whole scheme was undoubtedly due to the extremel y close co-operation between all those taking part in the event.
As a result of the displays a large numbel' of enquiries have been received by Mrs. A. E. A lford, M.B.E., the Centre Secretary, for first aid classes; talks to Young Wives' gro up s and Women's Institutes; demonstrations of ora] l'esuscitation; and lectures to industrial classes . The County Director for Hampshire , Commander E. A. Morrison , R .N.( Rtd.) , K.St.J., visited the display a nd congralulated all those co nc erned on a fine effort, designed to interest and attract the public.
The use of any particular appliance, equipment, medicament or preparation advertised in the " Review" is not necessarily endorsed for first aid purposes.
Management of the Unconscious Patient-concluded has not suffered badl y at the time of the accident. How sad it is theref ore that such a patient should succumb when a usef ul a nd happy recovery can be made if the injured person has the benefit of good first aid and hospital care. How rewarding and satisfying to the Fi rst aider to know the role he can play in the team providing accident a nd emergency care for the community.
Publish e d by courtesy of the Author and the " R ed Cross New Review."
<l&rber of jJobn
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF GLOUCESTER, Grand Prior of the Order of St. J obu, has appointed Mr. Horace F. Parshall, T.D., to the office of Receiver-General of the Order in succession to Mr. Lewis G. Whyte, F.F.A., who has relinquished that office after 13 years owing to pressure of increasing bu siness commitments.
Mr. Parshall was formerly an Assistant Commissioner-in-Chief of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and successively held the Executive Offices of Direct or -General of the St. John Ambulance Association (1950-1960), Vice -Chancell or (19601961), and Chancellor of the Order (1961-1965).
SERVICE WITH A SMILE
T HE Friends of S1. John in Southampton provide a vital service to the elderly and handicapped by · organising regular servic e of visitors to people confined to their homes.
In addition, they arrange outings, Spiritual Aid meetings and assist with the "Trolley Shop" at the Southampton General Hospital. At Christmas time the group is particularly active and last year distributed over 600 parcels-their watch -word i "somebody cares"-and during last year their members visited nearly 12,000 people.
These visits are not "one-way." Those who are unable to go out and so contribute to the service of the community are able, through The Friends of St. John, to undertake work such as knitting for the Save the Children Fund (one of the many organisations in which Lad y Louis took such a keen interest and which is part of the Edwina Mountbatten Trus t).
The Friends of St. John were formed twenty years ago-like all vol untary efforts in a small way-now they have 120 members.
In the annual report the re is an appeal for knitting woo l and for clothing.
A new knitting circle has been formed at 4, Archers Ro ad, Southampton, and meets on the second Tuesday in every month at 2.30 p.m.
Anyone in the district who can help should contact Miss F. M. Tutte, M.B.E., at Archer's Road. Telephone: 23603.
Care and Management of Puppies held over for November issue
NURSES PRIZEGIVING-1968, OPHTHALMIC HOSPITAL, JERUSALEM. A group of prizewinners at the Order's Ophthalmic Hospital, East Jerusalem , with the Deputy Hospitall e r, Mr. Keith Lyle, who presented the awards, the Warden, Dr. Arthur Boase (second right) and centre Miss Margaret Holloway, Matron. (An article by Mrs. Boase, "Aid Takes Many Forms," desc;ribing the help given by many people and organisations during and after the recent tragic events in the Middle East, will appear in the November issue.)
Kenya
NAIROBI AREA ANNUAL INSPECTION. His Worship the Mayor of Nairobi, Cr.. Isaac Lugonzo, took this year's Annual Inspection and Parade of the Nairobi Area St. John Ambulance units. Picture shows: (l. to r.) DISIO. Mr. J. M. Bennion, G.M., M.B.E.; Commissioner fer Kenya Sir Charles Markham, Bt.; DIS. Mr. A. S. Shaifta.
CORPORAL W. E. JOHNSON, St. Mary Division, Jamaica Constabulary Force, receiving his Service Medal from LADY HENLEY, acting honorary secreta,ry, at a ceremony held at Port Maria.
MAGNIFICENT NEW HEADQUARTERS OPENED IN CANBERRA. Earlier this year HE. The Governor-General of Australia, Lord Casey, Pri or of the Ord er in Australia, opened th e new St. John H eadqua rt ers which are designed to cater for all training activities as well as to provide office and conference accommodation. The foundation stone, laid by THE LORD WAKEHURST, Lord Prior of the Ord er, in 1966, was taken from the 12th century crypt of th e Grand Prior y Church in Clerkenwell The St. John Ambulance Association in Australia was formed in 1890 and the Brigade in 1902, the third of the overseas branches to be founded. New Zealand was the first (1892) followed by South Africa (1893').
PAKISTAN
KARACHI AMBULANCE AND NURSING DIVISIONS went on an Instru ctional Tour of West Pa kistan which took them to L&hore, Rawalpindi, Taxila, Murree and Islamabad , where they attended the joint R ed Cross and St. John Annual General Meeting. Pi ctu re shows: A contingent of the Divis ions outside the Karachi District H eadqua rt ers with Mr Mohd Ibrahim Nagra (DIO. Karachi Ambulance Division III); Mr. H. D. Minwalla (P I S. Karachi Ambulance Di v ision I); Dr. Mohsin N. Kayumi (District Surgeon); S e nior District Superintendent Mr. Iqbal A. Quraishi ; District Staff Officer Mr. A E. Syed and D I S. Mrs. Asma Begum.
B A R B A D o S
H.E. THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL SIR WINSTON SCOTT, G.C.M.G., presented the Order Insignia and competition trophies at a ce remony held in Jun e Picture shows: Colonel 1. Connell, O.B.E. , E.D., Commiss ione r, Barbados Di st ri ct, promote d t o Commander Broth e r; Mrs. Hilda Chall e nor, District Superintendent (N), promoted to Commande r S ister; Dr. T. J. Gilm ore, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., admitted as O lf icer Brother; Miss S. C Harp e r and Mrs M. A. M. McLeod, promo te d to Officer Sisters. Winners of the compe titi on tr ophies are lined up behind them.
BARBADOS DISTRICT PRESENTATIONS BY H.E. TIm GOVERNOR-GENERAL. The Nursing Di vision led by Miss Bery l Chen e ry at the annual parade and presentation of awards of the Barbados District.
"Roam at the Inn?"-cont. from page 3
So the next time that umbrella you did not leave in the train, leaks in Belgrave Square, slip round the comer to 50 Eaton Place and join St. John House. Of course if. you are sensible you will have done this anyway. It WIll only cost you a quid to belong , with another ten bob for the wife (gosh, these women) and they will take YOUll.g Fred, .even if he has not stopped being sick yet, pro v Ided he IS eleven or over.
There y ou will find all the things yOy want. A nice bedroom, clean a nd warm; three meals a d a y; plenty of room to sit and read, write or twiddle your thumbs and of course the little room with all those bottles in it, where you Gan tell that marvellous story of how-but did I tell you that one? Sorry!
Actually you had better watch those stories because Mr. D. K. Albany, the Secretary, spent most of his life at sea and his repert oire is simply splendid in any Of course he, or his assistant, Miss Gornall, WIll , be only too happy to introduce you to the other members staying there , or, to lay on that party you thought @f giving, or to do anythiIllg else to make you feel at .borne. Incidentally, there is a magnifi cent "t€le" with enough buttons to bamboozle a page boy, but don't let young Fred fiddle with. it. Remember how much it cost you to put yours right that time he repaired it fOF you. 12
But the money, you will say, what about the cost of this haven. Well, read the advertisement in this paper for a change and you will see that it is cbeaper tban most places even allowing for that quid (and the wife's ten bob). Besides being able to say " Oh, we went to Belgravia this year!" Even if it did rain every day.
Of course, you may be one of those people who prefer to "go foreign" and watch the rain there, but brush up your esperanto before yo u go or you will not understand the " tele. " And what about young Fred? Has h e l eamt to be a nuisance in French and Spanish as well as English already Clever boy!
JUST THE PLACE FOR ALL OVERSEAS ST. JOHN VISITORS TO STAY AND MEET THEIR FRIENDS
lvIembers hip application form on page 31
POISONOUS WILD PLANTS OF THE BRITISH COUNTRYSIDE
By F. C. REEVE, S.B.St.J., F.Z.S., F.R.E.S., F.I.C.A.P., Hon. A.F.I.C.D.
Author of "The Instantaneous Poisons Chart"
PART II
LABURNUM
The symptoms of poisoning by laburnum are giddiness, weakness and shivering, followed by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and purging. The skin is cold and clammy and the pupils are dilated. The temperature is sub-normal and the pulse weak.
Emetics, followed by bot, strong coffee (not tea) or otber stim ulant s. Warmtb to the body and bri sk friction to the limb. A.R. will, doubtless, be indicated. The patient should be given a hot bath upon recovery.
HEMLOCK
Few plants have been more closely associated with class ical bistory, or given rise to greater controversy concerning historical events, than that of the common, or spotted, hemlock (Conium maculatum), wh ich contains the deadly poison con ium
There is little doubt in the minds of contemporary historians that this was the state poison administered in Athens to those persons (including Socrates) whose continued existence was considered " in convenient" to the Iuling powers. In v iew of the v irulent nature of conium, which it conta in s, it is surpris ing that more cases of poisoning are not recorded annually, the results of either accident or design , but it is essential that ramblers sho uld experience little difficult y in identify ing it , for there are several other British wild plants for which it could easily be mistaken Confusion, however, is considerably reduced by the fact that they do not all bloom at the sa me time. By a process of elimination, therefore, identification may be assisted b y noting that the common, or spotted, hemlock is to be found in bloom from late June to early August, depending to some extent upon the part of Great Britain in which you may be collecting. Its time for flowering follows that of the beaked parsley , (Anthriscus vulgaris) , which it somewhat resembles, although occasional specimens of the latter may still remain.
Common hemlock is conspicuous, rearing its flat, spreading heads of pure, wbite flowers to a height of five feet, and is plainly distinguishable at a distance from cow parsley, or hog-weed (Heracleum sphondylium), wbich flowers about the same time as bemlock. In addition to what has been described a bove, an examination of the leaves will provide you with more reliable data for identification even tban the flowers. Each leaf is divided rigbt down to the base into three leaflets with separate stalks, each of which is divided to the midrib into distinct leaflets , which are in their turn deeply lobed and toothed, with leaf-stalks forming a sbeath at the base
Habitat: Fairly common. Roadsides, waste places and banks of streams. In fact, I have found it in the mo st unlikely places.
rcannot emphasise too strongly that the common hemlock is one- of the deadliest of our British wild flowers, and should you, or any of your party, be unfortunate enough to be affected-for the whole plant is poisonous- the symptoms include loss of power in the limbs, with alcoholic gait, followed by drowsiness, but the patient does nc!)t entirely lose consciousness for some time. The pupils are di,lated at first, foll(i)wed by paralytic drooping of the eyelids, a condition known as ptosis. However, in the absence of treatment there may be slight convulsions, followed by difficulty in swallowing and, finally, asphyxia.
Emetics, stimulants, warmth to extremities, A.R.
PRIVET
For the inclusion of privet (Ligustrum vulgare) in this article I make no apology , for the earlier toxicologists make no mention of it as a poison, and, although I have searched the records, I am unable to discover more than two cases, a boy and a girl, which are reported as baving proved fatal. It would be superfluous to describe the plant, for it is so commonly used as an artificial hedgerow, both in town and country, that it is well known. However, although it is now included in all official lists of poisonous plants , I must confess that I am puzzled , especially as it is claimed that the berries, lea ves and shoots are all poisonous As a child it was known to us as "bread and cheese" and, altbough I do not recollect ever having eaten the berries , I have, during my childhood, chewed many pounds (weight) of the leaves, with no ill effects. The following warning, therefore, I pass on to my readers: Don 't take chances.
The following , therefore, based upon the writings of those few toxicologists who bave ventured an opinion, I pass on without connnent.
Symptoms: Drowsiness, suggestive of narcotic poisoning. Nausea, vomiting and purging , possibly followed by convulsions. Said to excite the menstrual flow in females.
Emetics, followed by stimulants. Warmtb , especially to extremities.
POppy
Doubtless readers wi11 be expecting me to make some reference to poppies, but here I may have a surprise for them
The connnon red poppy (papaver rhoeas) , so common in the cornfields during June and July , is perfectly hannless. It is the white poppy (papaver somniferum), eften referred to as tbe opium poppy, which is to be avoided. This , however, is not indigenous, but is grown commercially for its product. True, it is often to be found growing wild in our countrywhen so found it is an escape from cultivation.
If you have any doubts about the wbite, or opium, poppy, the following description sbould enable you to identify it with certainty: the flower is large and wbite, witb a purple stain at the base of eacb of its four petals , although , under cultivation, the number of petals have a tendency to vary, and the nornlal white colom is sometimes tinted. When picked , or the stem bruised , it exudes a milky juice, which contains some of the narcotic element. It flowers from June to August , when the blooms are succeeded by the fruit, a round, smooth capsule containing the bulk of tbe plant 's opium, from which is obtained morphia and laudanum, so valuable to medical science, but also a potent poison.
Symptoms: These may be delayed for any period up to one hour. At first a feeling of excitement, with flushed face, pin-point pupils and quickened pulse. Reaction is quickly followed by headache, giddiness and a strong tendency to sleep. All reflexes, including corneal, are abolished, and all muscles become relaxed. The eyes are closed and the jaw falls. The temperature is sub-normal, the pulse is slow and weak and breathing becomes slow, irregular and stertorous, possibly Cheyne-Stokes in character. The skin is pale, cold and clammy, although the lips and extremities may be livid.
(Continued on page 29)
'fOOTBA:t'L FOR THE HANDICAPPED
't RELAYED commel'ltary system from Mill wall Foota ball Ground to New Cross Welfare Centre is the latest contribution towards a fuller life for the handi-capped arranged by the Lewisham Association for the Handicapped
The aim is to help those football lovers among th.e blind and physically handicapped who would find It difficult to get to an.d be accommodated at the football ground. So as a secoRd. the Sports Team of the Lewisham. AssoclatIOn for the Handlcapped (a voluntary group of workers who arrange sports outings for the handicapped) began discussions with Millwall Football Club. The outcome was quick agreement on the technicalities, with the Council 's Welfare Committee agreeing to help with the cost.
At the Centre, which can accommodate 90 people, the commentary will be relayed over loudspeakers To add t o the comfort refreshments will be served to the guests during the interval.
This is the second prO'ject organ!ised by th.e L.A.H. 'connected with sport.
In June a party of 14 handicapped people attended t he Kent v Surrey cricket match at the Rectory Fields, Blackheath. This was organised as a pilot scheme and proved so successful that it is hoped that other similar schemes can be arranged
One limiting factor hindering the growth of work for the handicapped is the sh@rtage of volunteer helpers, especially as drivers and escorts. shopping excursions planned by the L.A.H dId not start on :schedule because of insufficient helpers, although six t OGal shops have agreed to receive parties Those wishing to help should contact the Secretary of the AssO'ciation, Miss H. M. Watson, 34, Watsoll! Street, London, S.E.8, telephone 692 5166.
Tribute to St. John Cadets
To the editO'r, "BurtO'n Daily Mail"
Sir.-Regarding Mr. B. W. Shand's tribute to the young walkers, may I add another one, to the cadetsgirls and boys----of the Burton St. John Ambulance Brigade.
I was very pleased to read of Mr. Shand's "Thank you" to the senior members of this grand body of people, who are sometimes taken very much for granted. On Sunday I had the pleasure of attending an inspection by H.R.H. Princess Margaret in Worcestershire, of over 2 000 officers and cadets. including members from Burton. I am sure all present were most impressed by the smartness and seriousness of all the youn.gsters.
Special thanks should go t@ their officers, Mr. Andrews and Mrs. WelDster. We were really proud of you all.-
Yours, etc.
MQTHER OF CADET. 14
Letters
Dear Madam,
Having recently qualified as a First Aider I have learnt the uses and application of the triangular bandage. In the vast majority of applications it is used in "narrow" or "wiGle" folded condition. During my course the bandages were nO't wrapped but in the folded ready-for-use condition.
Recently I had the fortune to assist ambulance men at the scene of an accident, insomuch as preparing the triangular bandages for a broken femur application. I was astounded to find, on taking new bandages out of their wrappers, that they were nO't folded in any ready-for-use pattern. I had then to try to refold them on a wet pavement and in a good wind. Although this operation, admittedly, does not take long , it is unnecessary a nd timewasting.
Would it not, therefore, be possible to h ave a word with the manufacturers and packers of these band ages in an effort to get them folded in the recognised manner?
I am,
Yours fai thfully, Trevor W. Edmonds. (Manchester).
PrO'fessO'r H. C. Stewart, Deputy Chairman Medical BO'ard, O'bserves that this is an excellent example O'f helpful and thO'ughtful cO'rresPO'ndence. He has directed that enquiries shO'uld be made O'n this PO'int but wO'nders whether the prO'blem is universal.
Dear Mrs. Richards,
During the four years I worked at Slough, befor e my retirement from Admiralty service last year, I got to know and admire Mr. Watkin W. Williams; it was with real pleasure I saw his article in August " R eview" and I have read it over and over again, since it deserves thoughtful consideration in its elf-ove r and above one 's liking and regard for the author.
However, I disagree with most of what he says, "in an entirely good-natured way," of course.
H e does not come under my condemnation of Cad et Officers who put the "Youth Club" aspect first and "St John" a bad second (on the contrary, I've s ee n him in service as an Ambulance Attendant during a Sunda y afternoon at a Slough hospital!) but he has, I feel, an attitude , bred by his life-time dedication to the education of youths, which is not shared by the rank-and-fil e of the Brigade.
I wrot e an article* on this subject during my memb ership of Langley Division , South Bucks Corps , and launched it in your direction per my Div. Supt. , Area Supt. , P.R.O., etc. There were many reasons why it got "stuck in the pipeline" but, although written in 1967, it seems to me to be m01'e the viewpoint of the average Brigade member than the erudite but altruistic views of Mr. Williams.
I scratched amongst my piles of paper and found the rough draft of my letter which, since the sense is not altered by the passage of time, I ha ve not altered except to delete reference to Civil Defence. I feel that, with the loss of this service to the community and the increasing need for St. John to continue to meet the new requirements of the Factory Acts, etc., we must consider all means of keeping the Brigade alive and flourishing, so I hope you will publish this counterblast (made in advance!) to my erstwhile friend.
Yours sincerely, E. J. BAKER.
(Bath)
*Mr. Baker's article will appear in the November issue.-Editor.
People in the News
VALERIE WEARING, OF STRATFORD-ON-AVON , r eceived her Grand Pri or's Badge from
The Princess
at the
this year . H e r Di vision has an ou!stan dzn?
is the twenty-third member to gam thzs high award.
Dr. BasH I Adlmn.[tedl to tlhe Ordler
DR. BASIL GILBERT has taken a keen and active interest in St. Jo hn ever since he qualified. He was born and educated in Manchester and has b ee n Medical Officer of Health since 1963. This year , in of his services, he was admitted as an Assocwte Ser:,zng Brother of the Order of St. John. H e has been Chall"man of the S.J.A .A for th e past five yea rs in Oldham.
Vellum VoteofThanks
for Mr. Eo Po LeHo
PRESIDENT, HAYLE AMBULANCE DIVISION, CORNWALL. Rear-Admiral L. A. Boutwood, C.B., O.B.E., DL. , Commiss ione r for Cornwall, presented the Ord er's Vellum Vote of Thanks to Mr. L e llo at the Divisional Dinn er earlier this year. Mr. LelIo succeeded his father , the lat e Mr. P. B. LelIa, as Di visional Pr es id en t. It is int eresti ng to note that six members of this Divisien are qualified Lay-Instructors.
Ri chard Bros., Penzance
W. T. Robbios
Suatford-oo-Avon H erald
H.R.H.
Margaret
Cadet Rally near Malvern.
record, Valerze
AMBULANCE CADET BARRY HEDLEY-The best son a mother ever had. Fourteen-year-old Ban-y's mother is an invalid and in order to try to make her life more normal and interesting he decided to take up "n.u rsing" -what more natural than to become a Cadet, which is exactly what h e did a year ago. Picture shows Barry with the cup h e won as "Cadet of the Year" , of the South-Eastern Area, London Distri ct. His ambition is to become a doctor. Over 500 St. John Cadets take up nursing, m ed ical or veterinary cr;zreers every year, lnany of whom return to th ei r Divisions or give th eir services to lecturing and training in First Aid and Nursing. B es t wishes to Barry and the hundreds lik e him who maintain th e traditions of St, John "Fot the Service of Mankind." Evening News
MR. A. H. DA W, M.B.E., District Staff Officer, East Glamorgan, was awarded !he M.BE. in the last Birthday Honours List in recogn ition of his slU"vices to industrial safety. H e has been engaged in all aspeo:ts of safety in his firm , Guest Keen Steelworks, for 26 yea rs and Secretary of the R egional Industrial Safety Committee for over 20 years. Mr. Daw joined the firm's Ambulance Division in 1934 and was admitted to the Order in 1964 and promoted to Officer Brother in 1968.
MR. CHARLES FREDERICK PEDDIE, M.B.E., County Tr easu rer, North Riding, Yorkshire, was awarded the M.B.E. in the last Birthda y Honours in recogn ition of his 58 years service with St. John. In 1910 he join ed No. 33 Ambulance Di vision in London. Durin g the First World War he served in th e R.N.A.S.R. in naval ho sp ital ships. After th e war h e retu rned to his old Division and was promot ed to District Staff in 1937. Durin g the Second World War h e did Civil D efence work in Bristol and Billingham. His service to St. John was recognis ed first in 1921 when he was admitted to th e Ord e r as Serving Broth e r and although he was transferred to th e retir ed list in 1961 h e continued his service first as County Secretary and now as Treasurer. H e was promot ed to Commander Brother in 1963.
H.M. THE QUEEN HONOURS A/S/O MRS. A. E. ALFORD. Mrs. Alice Elizabeth Alford, A / S / 0 (Cadets) Hampshire , received her M.B.E. from H.M. The Queen at an investiture at Buckingham Palace this year. She joined the in 1933 as a member of the Southampton NU1"sing Division (No.1). In 1940 she became Divisional Offic e r of the newly formed No.2 Southampto'n Nursing Division and Divisional Superintendent in 1946. She joined Central Area Staff in 1954 and -received her M.B.E. in recognition of her outstanding services to St. J({)hn in Hampshire. Monitor Press Features Ltd.
ARE YOU FIT TO BE A FIRST-AIDER?
By F. P. WALLIS, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Deputy Commissioner, The St. John Ambulance Brigade, County of Essex
The idea of this article carne to me whilst being laid low by worn-out "shock absorbers" in my lumbar spine. How many of us practising active first aid are really fit to do so from both knowledge, know-how and personal points of view ?
FIRST AID
Do not assume that you know the " Book"-it is only by constant reading, re-reading and practise that you will retain all the basic ideas set forth in it. Although you are examined and team tested in competition on the current Edition, those of you who have been doing first aid over a period of years will have modified your ideas as to what procedure you think best for your casualty at that particular incident. For example, which method do you prefer when dealing with a fractured collar bone? Or how would you cope with the not very common occurrence of fracture of both wrists?
On a practice evening on artificial respiration using " Annie " how many of u s are content to give half-a-dozen puffs and then give way to the next person in the queue without considering the variation involving your dentures (or the casualt y's), the age of the patient and if mouth-to-mouth is the ideal method?
We have probably all seen and tried to p.ractise stretcher work but on the whole this is not III my experience well done , Demonstrations on the different type of stretchers, roping , hauling over obstacles look so easy when done by experts but are we, as ordinary first-aiders, able to do it quickly and efficiently or have We even tried? Time spent in reading and practising the information given in the Appendages of the Manual can certainly help us to be mOre fitted in our work.
There is a lot to be said for the principle of dealing with a casualty in a systematic way so as not to miss anything serious. By all means go for the obvious cause O'f the accident but tram yourselves to dO' a complete examination as part of your routine.
After all there is not much point in immobilising a fractured leg whilst the casualty is quietly bleeding to death from an internal haemorrhage!
If you travel to work by car do you carry any equipment with you? At work do you know where the nearest first aid box or haversack is? And what is mOre important, do you know where the key of the box is kept and what the contents are? It has been my experience in competition work that teams as such are not really acquainted with what materials they have nor where they are placed When the factory box has been used please make sure that bandages and dressings are replaced ready for the next occasion
Also, how fit are you when dealiug with an incident to get the utmost help from and instruction to "passersby"?
You may know the correct way to support, lift and transport the casualty but if yo u can get help then it makes life easier. You may know the way to send for help-Police , Fire, Ambulance and Medical Aid-but the non first-aider has to be told how to do these things.
Do also remember your aseptic technique and practice no-touch application of sterile dressings.
The points I have mentioned may help us to be more efficient and fit first-aiders.
PERSONAL FITNESS
Let us now consider your own personal fitness. The younger first-aider can be assumed to be physically fit and can silianrl up to long periods of hard work under conditions of rain, cold exposure and heat. But as we get older we tend to take less exercise, lead a more
sedentary life , smoke more, spend more time slttrng in cars or watching television and generally lose muscle tone , i,e. we get out of training and " flabby. " This in turn leads to putting on weight and any physical exertion takes more effort so that We tire more easily, muscles ache and we puff and blow. Therefore when dealing with incident which involves muscular activity, e.g. climbmg up and do wn embankments, going across open country, working in wet, slippery conditions, we must take care to keep within our own reserves and pass on our knowledge to others an d let them do any heavy and difficult jobs. The recent air and train di sasters might help to bring this point home.
The main function of the first-aider is to help the injured but mak e sure you do not become a casualty yourself, In the h eat of battl e it is so easy to get strains and sprains, rupture varicose veins or even get a rupture. Watch out for obvious hazards-almost too numerous to mention-such as traffic, rubble, barbed wire, fumes, live moving machinery, risks of fire or explOSIOn (the upturned motor car leaking petrol). Obviousl y in an article of this kind I have only been able to touch the tip of the iceberg-it is a subject on which one could dwell for a long time but I hope that it may give you food for thought as to whether or not you are fit to be a first-aider.
(R epr int ed by cou rt esy of "Ambulance Bulletin.")
KITCHEN DESIGN
The Disabled Housewife
To the housewife the most important room is the kitchen and kitchen design is a subject which should be kept under continual review so that the housewife can benefit from current research and the introduction of new equipment. If this is so, how much more important is the matter of kitchen design for the DISABLED housewife!
The Disabled Living Activities Group of the Central Council for the Disabled decided to make a special study of the subject and to publish the results. The Group approached a private Trust, and with the aid of a generous grant instituted an invest igation which was undertaken by Miss P. M. Howie, T.M.A.O.T., who until recently was Deputy Head Occupational Therapist at King's College Hospital, London. Sbe studied the work of a matched group of 30 able-bodied housewives and 30 disabled housewives:
1. To exan1ine and compaTe the movements and daily pattern of work of able-bodied and disabled housewives in their own kitchens.
2. To investigate the problems and needs of the disabled housewife in relation to her particular kitchen environment.
This has now resulted in the publication of "A Pilot Study of Disabled Housewives in their Kitchens" (25s.). It includes many diagrams and plans of kitchens and has a comprehensive bibliography.
Many of the findings have lessons for us all as they concern the able-bodied as well as the disabled; but it is hoped that the main value of the work will lie in its assistance to the private individual and more especially to medical, architectural, welfare, building and other authorities concerned wjth the disabled.
-I G A D E 1 N A C T 1 0 N
NURSING CADET HILARY C O NNORS SAVES A LIFE. Hilary , a member of the Brigade in Grantham, saved the life of two-year -old John Gibson by giving him mouth-to -mouth artificial respiration after he fell into a goldfish pool. John responded to treatment after five minutes. His mother said: "If it had not been fQr her John would have died "
PREMATURE BABY'S LIFE
SAVED Mrs. Joan W e bb, Okehampton Nursing Di v ision, Devon was called in when a neighbour gave birth about ten weeks earlier than expected to a baby weighing (Jnly 2-!- lbs From all appearances the baby, in the pictLtre, was stillborn. However, Mrs. W e bb (hav i ng delivered the infant) immediately gave mouth-to -mouth artificial respiration and when Dr E. P Jowett arriv ed with the ambulance Mrs. Webb had "the situation under control." Dr. Jow e tt said: "It was one of the b est pi ece s of emergen cy ambulance work 1 have COI1'/Je across for a long time." A report from the hospital the next day st&ted that the litt l e boy was doing well Congratuiations to Mrs. Webb for her efficiency and p resence of mind.
The Western Times
TWO WOMEN INJURED AT JALOPY MEETING. Members of the Glouc este r St. George's Corps, St. John Ambulance, attended two women injur ed one ot the cars went out of co ntrol and smashed its way thr oug h a barner at a Jalop y m ee tm g at Th e. two women were sitting in a park ed vehicle when th e runawa y ca r stru ck th e m , breakzng thell' legs Th ey were admitted to h os pital , where th e ir co nditi o n was to b e satisfactory. (EDITOR- It would b e of int er es t to know to the casualtl.es tr ea t ed b?, ow: m emb ers-is th er e any follow -up ? Do es th e DI VlS/On ever get a donatIOn? Case l71ston es, pl eas e ).
"LEST WE FORGET." 250 disabl ed ex -se rvi ce m en from t wo World Wars went for an out in g to Margate organised by the " L e st We Forg et" co mmittee. St. Jo hn and Red Cro ss m e mb ers were r eady with whee l ch airs for th ose l ess spritely than C.S.M. Ambrose, a Ch e lsea P e nsion er, who r e turn ed to his h o m e aft e r 62 yea rs. J ose ph Ambrose walked from Ram sgate to Canterbury to join up " I wa l ked because 1 hadn ' t a p enn)' il7 m y pocket There was no Welfare State an d n o wo rk I w as as happ y as a sandboy whe n they handed me e ig hteen pence e nro lm ent pay." These occasi ons ha ve to go down in the bo ok as a duty, but for m ost of us it is a proud pleasure to be of so m e service to th ese ve ter ans who hav e served their cou ntry w ith pride and l oy alt)' and maintain ed freedom not o n ly for th e " sc eptr ed isl e" but throu g h ou t the world. I sle of Thanet G aze tte
WARLINGHAM HOUSEBOUND FOLK ATTEND ANNUAL ST. JOHN SERVICE.
Ambulan ce M emb e rs Baxter and Garrett pictured with Mr. Rapley and Mr. and Mrs. Gratwick , who w e re among the guests at th e annual Service and tea party. Th e S e rvice h eld at All Saints' Church, w.as conducted by the Vi c ar, Canon F. R. LongworthDames. About tw e nty-five house bound people took part in this event.
SaRes Promotion Leaflet
A mo£t attractive leaflet to boost the sales of the "Review" is now available, free, from the Stores Department, Priory Hou£e, St. John's Gate, Cl€rkenwell.
Please make sure that you have a supply at all functions.
P.R.O.s please make your pockets bulge with yet some more "must" paper.
One of the results of the questionnaire showed that many centres and divisions had never heard of it
Some of you may get sick of the sight of these
VANDALISM
RESCUE BOAT DESTROYED.
Three days after the St. John Ambulance rescue team in Barry were given their boat, vandals ripped it to pieces with a knife. The team of twelve boys and two girls, trained by Mr. Ossie W illiams, have been patrolling the beach at Whitmore Bay since last year and were proud of their new addition to stlving hje by being able to extend their patrol to an inshore rescue boat. It is in teresting to note from the report in the "Western Mail," on July 18, that it was only this piece of equipment in the first aid hut that was damaged by the v,andal when the hut a1 Barry (given by the Borough Couneil) was broken into. i lf'erhalPs the CUlprit is nearer home than we expect
leaflets, but please swallow hard and try t.O think of someone you have not yet approached - or if without result-send them another and another -they will give in, if only to escape.
Selling is a hard and up-hill business and , perhaps, we tend to get discouraged too quickly.
Only with a greatly increased circulation can we build up your magazine into something of which you can be proud.
PLEASE DO NOT IGNORE THIS APPEAL FOR YOUR HELP.
OFFICERS CONFERENCE
OCTOBER 5, 1968
Baden-Powell House, Queen's Gate, S.W.? Fee I gn. inclusive
Applications to: ST. JOHN AMBULANCE H.Q. I, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I Programme in September Issue
NEARLY all deaf child!en are born wIth some residual heanng and if this can be trained fr?ID a veTY: early age, the child wIth a heanng impairment has a chance of up able to use as hIS method of communicatIon.
.noJ?lal child learns to speak by ImItatmg the wOFds and sentences around him, and it has been shown that the impulse for the spontane(:>us learning of speech reaches Its peak during the first or four years of life. The ?PtIrn1?ll period for learning to hear IS durmg the first year and lack of to learn at these critical tImes causes delay or failure in speech development.
It is necessary, therefore, to expose a deaf child to as much Gorreet sound as possible during those early formati ve years.
Although the cause of defeGt is stIll. unknown in 30 per cent of all babIes born with a hearing loss many the factors which can congemtal defects and deafness are known. If these factors are noted and if any baby who has exposed to. them is specially hIgh proportion of babies heanng defects can be spotted dunng the first year of life.
It must be remembered that the factors whiGh put a baby at risk deafness are also the factors :v!iich can Gause other abnormalItIes , that no,wadays, with the lower mO!1alit>:" the possibility of leSIOns IS great. A full investigation should be carned out on any child found with anyone congenital defect. The of children with a congenleSIOn is found to be approxImately.1 per cent of the total infant populatIOn.
The risk factors fall into three groups: 1, prenatal; 2, perinatal; and 3, postnatal.
1. 1m. the prenatal group it seems probable, owing to the early development of the foetal ear, tha t most of t.he damage to the cochlea eccUFS dunng the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.
THE DEAF CHILD
By GAVIN H. LIVINGSTONE
Virus ?f the pregnant mother, dunng thIS period, may damage. The effect of Rubella IS well-known.
Maternal toxaemia during preghas been present in the hIstory of some children the cause of whose hearing defect is unknown and maternal Diabetes Mellitus is another condition which must be taken into account.
The extent to which drugs are teratogenic and may affect the developing labyrinth is still not fully assessed but great care should be taken in prescribing any drugs for the. pregnant mother, especially dunng the early weeks. In this out of approximately 300 chIldren affected by Thalidomide , ?O are. reported to have ear defects, mcludmg many with bilateral meatal atresia. Deafness should always be suspected in cases with meatal atresia, and otological a dvice should be taken very early
2. .In the perinatal group preproduces a large number of babIes who must be considered at nsk and the difficulties of labour when a baby is postmature and must also be considered as must also neonatal jaundice.
.. as a cause of abnormalneeds a great deal of m vestIga tIOn
Prolonged laryngeal spasm in the pregnant mother, for example durmg general anaesthesia (this includes denta:l oxide) , may cause an anOXIa whIch may damage the ears of the foetus.
In the postnatal period and in chIldhood the three "M's"-measles mumps and meningitis -are stili among the most potent causes of deafness
all babies who have been at nsk to any of these factors or other babies whose hearing is m any way suspect, should have hearing tested at least three hmes: between the ages of 6 and 10 months, again between 2 and 3 years and thirdly about 6 months before school entrance.
GENERAL TESTING
It also be of advantage if all chIldren of primary school age could have their hearing repeatedly
There are children who have a or variable hearing loss whIch may. only be noticed th:rough sweep. audIOmetry, but which will be qUIte enough to Fetard th.em at
It been suggested that m chIldren the critical borshould be at about 25 deCIbels loss, because a child's lack 22
of experience prevents him compensatmg for any greater loss. Most cases respond to otological treatment , but if they are left untreated, these varying degrees of deafness may retard a chIld and cause him considerable frustration.
Babies or children found with a suspected hearing loss should be sent to the otologist for assessment and diagnosis Experience is needed to assess the hearing in the very For example , for normal the field of continual audIt?ry awareness for everyday meamngful sounds gradually extends from Ht. at 6 months up to 10 or 12ft., I.e. room size, at 2t ye':lrs; Tests .carned out beyond the chIld s conSCIOUS range in any room other than a silent room will be useless owing to the masking effect of extraneous sounds.
Furthermore, paediatric assistance, X-ray facilities, and sometimes help are needed before a dIagnOSIS and a full assessment of the child can be made.
HEARING AIDS
Early testing may be inconclusive but !f there is any suspicion of the child must be fitted If pOSSIble with two hearing aids and some form of auditory training and parent guidance must be started
There is no conclusive evidence to show that the wearing of aids will affect the ears of a child WIth normal hearing.
It has shown that there is an overall in hearing when. the. hearing in both ears utIlIsed by children wearing two aIds, but it is wise to Use two
The Deaf Child-cont. separate aids and not to have two ear-pieces with a Y-1ead running to one aid. For some children, earlevel aids which avoid the noise of clothes rub are more convenient and should certainly be fitted to spastics for whom physical deformity may make a chest-level aid uncomfortable. It is important that the ear-moulds should be renewed whenever necessary as there is gre at variation in the rate of growth of the ear up to the age of nine when adult size is reached.
EARLY TRAINING
Ideally, the work of early training a nd parent guidance should be carried out by teachers of the deaf working in close co-operation with the mother ef the de af child. Unfortunately the re are not nearl y enough teachers available and therefore, in places where there are no facilities for formal auditory training, the otologist or general practitio ner must ensure that someone becomes responsible for seeing that somehow Or other the child receives every possible opportunity to hear sound an d to learn word d iscrimi nation. The hearing child only learns to speak because words and sentences are presented to him almost continuously throughout the day, and therefore parents, the family, friends Or voluntary helpers must be encouraged to bring as much correct sound as possible to the deaf child in order to train his residual hearing.
LATER TRAINING
Problems arise over the later training and education of deaf children.
Local authorities have to provide education for children with a severe hearing loss from the age of two if requested to do so by the parents. School education is of courSe compulsory from the age of five but there are varying views on the best methods of education for the d eaf. The education authority has the final decision in each case, but the decision should be taken in cooperation with the family, the general practitioner, the school health service and the otologist.
Apart from residential schools and day schools for the deaf there are many new partially hearing units for children attached to ordinary hearing schools. These units consist of, at most, eight children, who are taught by teachers of the deaf in classrooms equipped with sound amplification. The children mix with hearing children for meals , playtime and for some lessons. It is hoped that in this way they will become better integrated into the hearing world and be able to hold their own with their hearing contemporaries, and to use speech as their method of communication.
If possible , a child with hearing loss shotlld be to start in one of these units attached to a normal nursery school. The staff ' s observations of the child's spontaneous behaviour in such a unit will be a valuable aid to diagnosis. The child should then move on to a unit in a primary school and later to one in a secondary school.
Partially Hearing Units are not available in every area and no figures are yet available to show whether or not their results are successful, but if the children learn confidence, self-reliance and the ability to mix and communicate with their hearing contemporaries some of the aims of the system will have been achieved.
The educationally- subnormal, the maladjusted deaf and those with dual handicaps need even more specialised training and education. It is for doctors to see that the hearing loss in these cases is fully recognised and that deafness is not the primary caUSe of a child being labelled educationally subnormal or psychotic.
There is another group, unknown in size, of children who appear to respond to sound but who do not develop speech and language The cause of this condition seems to be central in origin, though the exact location of the lesion is unknown. These non-communicating or autistic children are very difficult to diagnose and treat.
The management of the deaf child includes the management of the adolescent and school leaver. In fact deafness i s a continuing lesion reqUlTmg continuous care from babyhood throughout life.
SCREENING TESTS FOR INFANTS
Only quiet sounds to be used at a distance of 2-3ft., out of view of the child but not behind the ear.
Responses:
(a) Look up and appear to be listening.
(b) Tum in the direction of sound.
(c) TUm and look directly at source of sound.
T he child mu s t pass (c) to pass test.
Reasons for partial failure:
(1) Deafness.
(2) M e ntal retardation.
(3) Teethin g
Tests:
(1) Spoon moving on a } cup rim.
(2) Tissue paper.
Stop Press
FLOOD DISASTER
We have just received a 9rief report of how the Horley & Gatwick Ambulance, Nursing and Cadet Divisions dealt with over 200 victims of the floods on the nightmare Sunday evening la st month. Their Headquarters had been prepared for a parade followe d b y refreshments so there was no shortage of food. 190 of the victims were housed overnight and arrangements, during the emergency, m a de for a further 350 victims to 1ge hou se d. Over thirty members took part in the operations. Many of the sufferers were elderly and people stran ded in their vehicles on their way to and from Gatwick Airport.
BUSMAN'S HOLIDAY
The Lady Moyra Browne visited S1. John Units while on a recent holiday in Cyprus.
OVERSEAS VISITORS
The reason why we have Qot seen Celonel James , S1. John Council St. Lucia, at He adquarters yet, is because, unfortunately, he is having treatment in Guy's Hospital. Every good wish for a speed y recovery and we will look forward to seeing him soon.
APPOINTMENTS
Profe ssor Sir Hedley Atkins, Chairman St. John Ambulance Medical Board , has !Deen rea ppointed P resi dent of the Ro yal College of Surgeons for a further year.
AID TO REFUGEES
The Superintendent-in-Chief is having discussions with the British Co uncil regarding Czechoslevak refugees should the need arise.
THE ORDER
It is with great regret that we report that the Ho£pitaller , Brigadier Sir Stewart Duke-Elder, has been advised to rest as he has not been well. The advice was "to take things easy." Anyone who has corne in contact with this dynamic person will realise what a trial such instructions will be for him to carrv out. MaI;ly thousands from all over the world will join us in sending good wishes for a quick recovery.
COMPETITION RESULTS
(3) Spoon in the bot- 7 - 9 mOUlhs tom of cuP.
(4) High pitched rattle. l
(5) Low pitched rattle.
(6) Name at 6ft. J 10-15 months
(7) Singing qui e tly at 6ft. I
"Pur one L16-30 on toP" I months
"Give it to Mu=y" ) Up to 5: conversation with a picture book.
Appar,ltus:
CuP; S]:)00n; fin e tissue paper; bi gh pitched rattle; Jow pitched rattle; musical box.
Quiet tOY for child to play with.
(Reprinted by courtesy of "Medical N ews Magazine.")
23
Gas Industry National First Aid Finals held on September 12. Winners of the Men's Challenge Trophy -North Eastern Gas Bo ard. Women 's-North Eastern Gas Board. Fire Brigades National First Aid Finals was won by the City and County of Bristo l. Full results of both events in the November i ssue.
NOTE
It is h oped to publish fu ll er reports and pictures in. the November issu e
THE ROY ALSHOW
The St. John Ambulan ce, und e r its n e w titl e, ag ain had an Exhibition T e nt at th e R oy al Show at St o nel e igh, this tim e with th e H eadquart e rs Film Caravan alongsid e it. The Rugb')l C e ntre of th e Association under Its hard workin g Secr e tar y, Mr A. J. Burton , was ag ain in c harge of th e Exhibition , with his t e am of St. John and outsid e volunt ee rs , who e ac h y e ar g ive unstinting work to the St. John E x hibition.
H.R.H. PRINCESS ALEXANDRA visited the First Aid Post o n W e dn es da y, Jul y 3 , and stopped to talk to a nwnb e
pro v id e d, onc e again , b y Warwi c kshir e St. John Ambulan ce As always, Mrs. Robinson and h e r splendid h e lpers c at e re d for Brig ad e an.d R e d Cr o ss p e rsonn e l from th e Fir s t Aid Po s t, as w e ll as for th e handi capp e d and for oth e r v is it o rs to o ur E x hibiti o n. Br e akfasts, mornin g c off ee, lunch es, aft e rn oo n te as, supp e rs and lat e s nac k s w e re prov id e d on fi ve da y s, th e g rand t o tal s e r ve d re ach.ing th e impr essiv e fi g ur e o f 1,986.
Around and About
Th e att e ndanc e at th e Ro y al wa s d o wn o n 1967 fi g ur e s and a ur o wn E x hibiti o n was a littl e qui e t e r than usual, at l e as t until th e Friday , traditi o nal c hildr e n s da y , wh e n all o ur availabl e lit e ratur e disappear e d b y e arl y a f t e rno o n and wh e n lar ge numb e rs ent e re d a s u cce ss ful First Aid Qui z
Limerick St. John Ambulance Division Win Novice Cup
THIS YEAR S WINNERS of th e Novi ce First Aid Co mp e titi o n h e ld at Brig ad e H Q in Dublin , w e re th e Lim e ri c k A mbulan ce Divi sio n L e ft to ri g ht : A I M C hris ty Gu e rin ," C ad e t Offi ce r J o hn K e n.n e d y (T e am L ead e r) ,' and A I Ms Mi c ha e l C o nn o ll y and Frank E
SURREY DIVISIONAL SUPERINTENDENT AT
CANBERRA ANNUAL INSPECTION
MR. NORMAN PALMER was Divisional Superintendent of the Walton &: Weybri.(ige Ambulance Division until he emigrated to Australia when he retired. In the true tradition of "once-in-St.-John-always-in-St. John," he has continued his work on the other side of the world. The Inspection was carried out by Colonel Edgar Thompson.
A NUMBER OF RUNAWAY RAILWAY WAGONS crtished into the rea r of a stationary passenger train at Wellingborough, London Road Station. Seventy memb ers of the lo ca l Di visio ns went into actio.n. Ambulances t rom Wellingborough, Rushde n and Irthlln gboroug h carned the "casualties" t o the clearing stations at H.Q. and to hospital. Members of the lo cal !taff part in th e exerc is e and also the poltce and flre bngade.
South Wales Echo
MUSIC SOOTHES But there were no savage breasts at this event held in Cardiff when the Llandaff St. John Divisions were hosts to the Nursing Cadets from Hong Kong and Londonderry, Northern Ireland. Mr. Frank McFa.dden, a member frQm Londonderry, entertained them on the violin. They had all attended the Jubilee Camp in Swansea.
NOTE
If some captions seem a bit sketchy please remember that the Ed!iJt0lT has no staff and is not always able to keep on chasing Ul" further information. Will contrHn!ltors PLEASE make sure that as much information, palTucl!llarly names, lTanks and details of Divisions, Counties, etc. are given in full (eapital letters, please), and sent with the pictures and item.s of news. Letters to the Editor should kave the writer's name clearly printed under the signature.
26
MISS VERA GRAITAN, Shaft es bury Combined Ambulance & Nursing Division , tr ea ting a victim during the Belfast Area first aid and nurSing €ompetitions----the victim is Mr. Norman Birnie, Assistant District Training Officer. The Brennen Cup was won by N 1M. Williamson, Holywood N.D., and Vera came third.
PICTURE SHOWS:
'([be flriorp in tbr lJjriti5'b l\,ealm of tbe ftlost VenerahI t . ®rber of tbe of fS,t. 3!obn of 3!erusalent anb
J!)er jilaje»tp \!rbe J!)eab of tbe (!&rber of $1. 31 obn , btl» approbeb tbe foIlobling §bmi»»ion» to anb -llromotion» in tbe (!&rber
Knight (Associate)
Cromwell, Jarvis ; Meek, Samuel Williams.
Commander (Brother)
RO Gkw ood , Lieut.-C010nel David Narasiah; Blundy , J ames Henry; Taylor, John Hadden ; Martin Ernest William; Silver, John Gordon, B.E M.; Reed , Edward John.
Commander (Brother) (Associate)
Holladay , Collis Huntingt?n ; Hooker , Osgood; Merliill, J0?n L.; Altschul, Frank; Lmclsay, The Hon. John Vliet; Pllffipt0n , The Hon. Francis Ta yl0r Pearsons.
Commander (Sister) (Associate)
StepIHms0 n , Elizabeth Gayley, Mrs. John T.; Reynolds , Nancy Susan , Mrs .; Ryan , Margaret, Mrs. John Barry.
Officer (Brother)
Captain George , V R D. , R.N. ; DrakeBnscele, Francis Eli@tt Drake ; Tan Peng Wen, Samuel Joseph; Hall:ud, David Jqhn; Kane, Wmg Co:nmander Morris Mi ofu:ael, M.B.E., R .A.F.( Rtd.) ; M?-yall, Sydney John; Duncan , Surgeon Captain Robert R N.; Goldsworthy, Surgeon Captain Basil Martm , McClintock, Surgeon Captain Cyril Talt , R .N.; Rogers , George Donald Worth; Bnsbane, Charles McDougall; Lawrence, Robert Leslie Edward, O B.E., E.R.D.; Webb, John; Fazan, Wing Commander Thomas Walter Clayton; Phoeni x, The Revd James Alexander (Sub-Chaplain).
Officer (Brother) (Associate)
Ang Lip; Br?wn, Peter Megargee ; Devoe , Arthur Gerard; MIchel OlIfford William; Moore , The Hon. Leonard Pierson , John Clough; Pritchard, Norman ProffItt , Charles George; Wright , Myron ; Allen, WIlham McPherson; Dahlberg Henry Evald' Terzian Carl Richard. "
Officer (Sister)
.Fearnsid.e , Joyce , Miss ; Doney , Joan Sarah, Mrs.; Plesse, EdIth, Mrs.; Barton, Bessi e Roberta Mrs. ; Carr, Agnes Isobel, Mrs.
Officer (Sister) (Associate)
Cogswell, Estelle, Mrs. William; Matthews, Jean , Mrs. Flagler.
Serving Brother
Bullock, Major Francis; Llewellyn , William Alfred Scourfield ; Sansom, Ward master Lieut. Norman , R.N. ; Pearson, Alexander Charles; Pillai, Manickam Peth Arunam ; Quee, Anthony Au Chip; Weller, Patrick James; .Alage.ndra Ponnudurai ; Lai Lung Ying , M.B., B.S .; LIm Klan Lee; Samuels, Walter Venia, C. P.M ., Q.P.M .; Joseph , Austin Theodore ; Sebastian, Cuthbert Montraville; Betts, James John; Bishop , William Major ; Brooks , Percy ; Cartner, Edward; Cba llon er, Charles Edward ; Drury, Albert Ernest; Boulter , Ernest Albert ; Foley, George Edward; Fox, Albert; Fuge, Norman Robert John; Harkett, Charles Ron a ld Howard ; Hurley , Thomas Longhurst ,. James George Charles; PhIlIp Arthur; SImpson, Robert William ; WIllIamson, Gerald Charles; Hicks, Robert Josiah.
Serving Brother (Associate)
Kantilal Raval ; Karam Singh Panesar ; Chu Poh Hmg; Bin Haji Mohd Jai; Low Yoong ; Wong Thye Pmg, PJ.K. , P P.M. ; Mohamad Yusoff bin H.A. Mak Ho?n Kong; Teh Chin Seong; Abdul Samat bm Mohd Amm P.P .N.; Teo Soh Chye' Chia Hoon Chye; Wee Kim Seng.
SHERRIFF receiving his insignia a.s Comr1'lwK"der Brother 0/ the @f St. h ahn from the Lord Prior, in recognittOn of his l1'bany years services to Fi rst A id as a l ec t ure r and examine r. He is A rea Surgeon fOt: Hertfordshire St. John and his wife a County Staff Officer. John Warburton
ACROSS
1. Beyond the normal part of awful trauma
4 Vessel carrying purified blood to the inferior vena cava.
9. When lungs an d pulmonary circulation begin to function.
10. Occupies apparent gap between diaph ysis and epiphysis in X-ray of growing bon e.
11. Malicious contortion of the face.
12. Violent shivering signifying a rapidly rising tern pera tu.re.
13. Covered in blood.
16. Suture material prepared from intestines of sheep
17. Largest part of the brain.
19. Barristers ex.clude place for sale of liquor.
20. Concealed in hormone stim ul ating flow of pancreatic juice.
22. This child, it is sai d does not play with fire.
25 Respirator for prolonged use on patients with paralysis of muscles.
26. Infectious di sease spread by rats and involving mainly liver and kidneys.
27. Precious sto ne is nothing on head of a friend.
30. Difficulty in passing urine may indicate injury to bladder Or urethra
3l. Cures in a way which is certainly not a blessing.
32 Cardiac one is part of alimentary tract.
33. University tutor of person providing organ for transplantation
DOWN
1. Reminder of existence prior to 9 across.
2. Pain of men in the wrong.
3. Each disturbance produces pain.
4 Reverse car over his veliebral column.
5. Smaller, at any rate, in width .
6 Back between twelfth rib and pelvis
7. The Captivate change name before our ending.
8. They require ai d
14. Region over front of pelvis.
15 Fluid separating from conce a led blood.
17 Able to preserve by sealing in metal containers
18. Dried meal for tympanic cavity.
19 . Blockage by a gall-stone is cause of obstructive jaundice.
21. Discharge from inflamed mucous membrane
23. Functional unit of kidney.
24. Les Ra y becomes a killer.
25. Funda m ental principles to neutralise 29 down.
28. Very shortly a negative indication
29 Sour to the taste.
Plea§e Renew your Su1b§<cription Promptly
Poisonous Wild Plants of the British Countrysidecont. from page 13
Emet ics and, if ab le to swallow, hot, strong coffee (not tea). t he patient awake by dashing cold water on head , bare chest and soles of feet with wet towel. Compel patIent to walk a bout unless coma approaches, taking care not to exhaust , for he must not be-allowed to go to sleep, or he may, probably , never awake. I cam think of no condition in which perseveramce in treatment is more essential. The condition must be considered serio u s
We.1l, memorise the above instructions , although I trust ' you wi ll never require them, but the Boy Scouts' 1notto IS a good one: " Be Prepared".
Compiled by W. A. Potter
A LETTER TO BELFAST HEADQUARTERS
It gives m e g re at pleasure to write com m endi n g one of yo ur m embe rs-a you n g lad y, possibly of Ban gor
On Saturday ni g ht about 11.30 p m. I stopped at the scene c: f a motor cyc/e accident at Ball yholme Esplanade to see If I co uld be of any assistance.
A young g irl was l ying on th e footpath with a bad scalp wound, but lVas in good hands as one younG lady -ve ry white I mig ht add-but l71anfu// y applying pressure to th e h ead wound by m ea n s of a folded handkerchief and had successfully s t emmed the main b l eed in g I found that there was no apparent back InJUri eS, I go t the police t o h e lp carry th e patient into a n ea rb y house , where your young member stil l stuck t o her job of applying pr essu re to th e wo und. I lifted th e edges of th e pressure pad and wou ld say that possibly a bran c h of the t e mp o ral artery if 1I 0t the main one was cut and that possiblv a lif e ,vas sared bv the action of your m e mb e r. · I don't know th e nam e of th e young lady bllt may be you could find out who it was and ·pass on' my co mplim en ts.
Yours faithfll ll v , DAVID H. MCMULLEN, LDS (QU B). D e ntal Surgeon.
The young lady concerned was Nursing Member S. Gardiner, of Bangor Nursing Division, who has been awarded a well deserved Letter of Commendation.
Sackcloth and ashes for an error in the caption to the cover picture of the August issue. Sincere apologies to Sheerness whose band took part in the parade and not Skegness as stated.
PICTURE SHOWS: COLONEL SIR THOMAS BUTLER, BT. (H.M. Tow e r of London, E.C.3), receiving his insignia as Commander Broth er of the Order of St. John from the Lord Prior at a ceremony held at the Grand Priory Church, E.C.l, on Tuesday, Jul y 23, 1968. Sir Thomas R esid ent Gov erno r and Keeper of the Jewel Hous e, H.M. Tower of London , has b ee n Pr esident of the St. John Ambulance, London (Prince of Wales's) District since 1959. Educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge (B.A. Honours), served with the Guards in Norwa y and was Military Adviser U.K. High Commission, New Zealand.
(Below) :
PICTURE SHOWS: MR. GEORGE W. WOODHILL
r eceiv ing his insignia as COlnmander Brother of the Ord er of St. John from the Lord Prior. Mr. Woodhill joined St. John during the last war and was a founder member of th e B eckenham & West Wickham Ambulance Cadet Division. In 1944 he was awarded th e Brigade Meritorious Certificate for ga llantry during the flying bombs raid in Jun e 1944, also the Civil D efence Commendation. H e was appointed Secretary St. John Ambulance Brigade in 1958. H e takes a keen interest in training members of other you th organisations in first aid.
John Warburton
I
OBITUARIES I
It is with the deepest regret that we announce the deaths of the following members of the Order and its Foundations and offer sincere sympathy to their relatives, colleagues and friemIs:
Mr. F. Argyle, .President, Brixton Nursing Cadet Division.
Mr. William Barry, President of the Heme Bay Nursing Division, Kent.
Mr. Spencer Josep h Cummins, Vice-President, 57 Holbom Division.
Mrs. Florence Duncan, late County Nursing Officer, Co. Durham.
Mr. Malter Duson, Kettering Corps, Northamptonshire.
Mr. James McCarthy Drabble, Nottingham Ci.ty Area.
Mr. W. Dyson, retired Corps Superintendent, Kettering Corps, N Olihamptonshire.
Miss B. E. Eagle, Superintendent (retired), Manningtree Nursing Division, Essex.
Miss D. M. Fletcher, St. John & Red Cross Hospital Library, Essex County Depot.
Dr. T. D. M. Gillies, Tavistock Ambulance Divisional Surgeon, Plymouth, S-W Devon & E. Cornwall.
Mr. V. C. J. Harris, F.R.C.S., Whitehaven Combined Divisional Surgeon, Cumberland & Westmorland.
Mr. Walter McClean, No. 13 (Kings Cross British Rail) Ambulance Division.
Mr. W. H. Rayner, 57 (Holbom) Ambulance Division.
Mrs. F. StanlifoI1ih, Superintendent, Staveley Nursing Cadet Division, DerbysbiJre.
Dr. Heygate Vernon, F.R..C.S., former Area Commissioner, Hampshire.
30
It is very much regretted that, due to restricted space, it has not been possible ta publish the many Obituaries which are submitted to the "Review." It is therefore proposed by the "Review" Management B03!l"d that in future only a list of the names and counties of deceased members should be published (as in, the Order's AnrnuaI C(i)mmemQration Service paper) except where the Direct(i)l' a); Cammissli(i)ner of the c(i)unty feels that a spedal tribute shQuld aJppear. In! such cases the Obituary should be written by the Chairman of Council or Commander of St. John Ambulance, and should normally not exceed 150 words.
For details of the House and Membership, please complete and return this coupon to THE WARDEN, ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE, LONDON, S.W.I. (BELgravia 2732).
ADVERTISEMENTS-ClASSIFIED
T. G. Scott & Son Ltd ., 1, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.C.2. (Tel.: 01-405 4743) are now our sole advertising agents. Mr. David Houchin, Manager, Internal Sales Organisation, will be responsible for our account.
EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN HER LIFE IN PICTURES
Compiled and Edited by Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock
Superintendent-in-Chief, st. John Ambulance Brigade
7s. 6d. each
7s. each orders for ten or over (postage extra in each case)
Published by Macdonald
Orders to:
Edwina Mountbatten Book. t Grosvemu Crescent. London. S.W.1
Telephone: 01-235 5231
WANTED
BUCKINGHAM SHIRE, Southern Area, are considering the formation of a Brigade Brass Band. Any Di visions with instruments to dispose of please contact Area Supt. P. L. Pendry , 48 , R yvers Road , Slough, Bucks.
FOR SALe
ORGANISERS of Bazaars, Fetes
Is. Toys OR 42 Is. lid. Toys OR Selection Toys Is. to 5s. lId. OR Selection Assorted Stationery OR Christmas Cards. Each Parcel 54s ., plus 4s. 6d. postage. Two or more Parcels 6s. postage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2a, Handsworth Road, London, N.17. (2) LESS THAN 3d. EACH: 144 Full-length Conway Stewart Ball Point Pens die-stamped in gold with your Brigade or Charity for only 35s. Pencils printed for the same price. Please print your slogan (maximum 30 letters) and add 4s. 6d. standard carriage -J. E THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2a Handsworth Road, London, N.t7. (3)
S.J.A.B. Badge Wall Shields, 35s. 6<:1..; S.J.A.B. Gold Cased Crested Cuff Links, 57s. 6d. Medal ribbons Is. 6d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform, 2s. each ribbon mounted on pin brooch: Regulation medals mounted 3s. 6d. per medal on brooch Miniatures quoted for -MONTAGUE JEFFERY, Outfitter, St. Giles Street. Northampton. (4) BALL-PENS , Diaries, Note Pads, Keys, Fobs, Pencils. etc., Gold-stamped Brigade name or Personal names raise funds quickly-easily. Details-Northern Bradford, 2. (5) (Classified Ads. continued ever/eaf)
Classified Advertisements-cont.
FUND RAISING MADE EASY WITH PENCILS AND BALL POINT PENS! Pencils by Rowney with HB blaek lead in the OFFICIALLY APPROVED colours-silver white and blue , overprinted in black ink with S.l A. details and badge Also pens by Conway Stewart available in eight duo-colours, ink printed with S.l.A details and badge. Increase your funds fast-write today for free samples and price booklet to the AUTHORISED SUPPLIERS.-AIREDALE PRESS LTD., Dept. F. , P.O Box 60, Mosscar Street, Bradford , 3
RAISE
£££'5 FOR YOUR GROUP
HIGH PROFITS MADE BY OUR -FAST SE.LLlNG L1NE.S-
G:HRISTMAS AND BIRTHDAY CARD PACKS. DECORATIO.NS, WRAPPINGS, FANCY GIFTS. STATIONERY, TABLEWARE. SEND FOR OUR FREE CATALOGUE
WILTON, AXMINSTER, ORIENTALS, Etc. FREE delivery U.K.
<:hinese. Indian, Persian Carpets and Rugs a speciality. Expert fitting arranged if required. Write stating requirements or fer introduction to showrooms-LONDON or MAIN cities. DODSON-BULL CARPET CO., LTD.
Showreoms: 6 Old Bailey. London, E.C.4 01-2487971 (10 lines)
83.89 Blackett St.• Newca -tle-upen-Tyne Tel: 20321 or 21-428 55-61. LevE\r Street, Manchester. I Tel: 061-236 3687/8/9 (II)
CHILDREN S CHRISTMAS PARTIES. All requirements supplied Toys, Gamgs, Novelties , Balloons , Carnival Hats, Bran Tubs, Fancy Goods , Decorations, Fund Raisers, Perfume Cards, Sports Trophies, Medals, Plaques, Bingo Tickets and Equipment, etc. EVERYTHING AT WHOLESALE TRADE PRICES. Send for our illustrated 64 page catalogue. Save £.£.£. from Britain's Largest Suppliers.-SWINNERTONS LTD., Dept R.O., Union Street Walsall. (12)
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates accepted at the age of 17 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students, Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped Sch00l of Nursing. Successful candidates, on compfetion may enter the General TrainiDg School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses' Home in Kensington within easy reach of thle Albert Hall, Victoria aned Albert Musel:lm and Theatres. TeRn.is CouI1 Active Social ClUb.
Applications in writing to the Matron. (8) 32
appeals corner
by Colonel W. L. R. BENYON Appeals Organiser
What with holidays and one thing and another this has not been a very exciting month in the Appeals world. Most of us managed to get away for a while and the rest of us (me-actually) took the opportunity to review our financial defences. This exercise was, in fact, revealing, and I recommend all those responsible for Appeals to use dull periods to go through their books, Deeds of Covenant, tax re-claims, deposit accounts and balances, which all need consideration from tim e to time to make sure we are all making the best use of the money we already have before setting out on the heartbreaking task of raising more. Try it and see!
Royal Albert Hall
Although audited accounts are not yet available, it is clear that the night of July 11 produced a net profit of nearly £3,500. We are all more than grateful to all those who helped to make the evening such a memorable success. Special thanks are due to Dale Martin Promotions Ltd. for sponsoring the event and to Mr. Lew Grade for the excellent television coverage.
Our grateful thanks are due to the following for their generous donations received during the month: Whitbread and Co. Ltd.; Goodwood Race Course; John Player.
Tara Ball
You still have time to get your tickets (and raffle tickets) for the TARA Ball at the Hurlingham Club, on October 3, 1968. (Ring 01-235 5231 Ex. 64 at once.)
BOOK REVIEW
Order of Sf. John Somerset Year Book
Editor Mrs. D. Bingham Hall
2/6 (postage extra)
The twenty-fourth edition of the Somerset Year Book, as usual, contains many articles of general interest including First Aid training in Thailand, the Tashkent earthquake, Word Blindness and its several aspects and a brief survey of drug addiction. The Commissioner-inChief says in his Foreword: "I congratulate the Editorand contributors on the production of this excellent and useful publication. It will be a most helpful guide for nonmembers who may require informaHon abowt the OrGler."
Copies availaliJle fro'PlJ :
St. John House, 41, Oxford Streety Weston-super-Mare
OLD EYES FOR NEW
You and thousands more of us - ordinary men and womenmay now give sight to someone who is, at this moment, blind.
Because this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back their vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
Eyes of all colours are equally valuable, and it does not matter if you have worn spectacles for years.
If you are not as young as you were, do not feel that your offer will be less valuable. Strangely enough, it will be more so: the eyes of older people are even better for this purpose.
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shall benefit, it is essential that there should be many more willing donors than will ever be called upon.
!-lis Majesty King Hussein of Jordan has donated his eyes to the Order's Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem.
Mark all correspondence "CORNEAL GRAFTING" addressed to: The Director-General, The Royal National Institute for the Blind, 224 Great Portland Street, London, W.1.
_-
For details of the House and Membership, please complete and return this coupon to THE WARDEN, ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE, LOND(l)N, S.W.I. (BELgravia 2732).
OFFICIAL
CAR BADGES FOR QUALIFIED FIRST AlDERS ONLY
Price 331- each
Postage extra
COMPLETE WITH FITTINGS AND PROTECTIVE COVER
Designed and made by Manhattan
Products
(BIRMINGHAM) LIMITED
Steward Street : Birmingham 18 Telephone: Edgbaston 6404
Bad ge Makers to the Order of St. John
All enquiries to The Order of St. John should be directed to their Stores Dept., St. John's Gate, London, E.C.I
Countless lives have been saved by the prompt action of trained First Aid personnel It is therefore essential that students, whilst training, are emotionally prepared to face any emergencies.
PLASTIFOL Wound Replicas offer outstanding opportunities in visual First Aid training, opportunities for practical instruction in treating an injury
They are perfectly safe for the demonstrator to use , are quickly attached to the skin, yet free 1110vement is possible and treatment does not damage them. Ideal for demonstrations and competitions. Build up a complete range !Cor your team.
Send 1/6 d in stamps for a colour booklet giving details of all wounds available, casualty faking hints and suggested incidents.
LTD.
Dept. J. 69, Aberdeen S reet, Hull, Y0rkshire
You will find them in the St. John Review
For less than 4d. per week you can get St. John News from aU over the world, keep up with the dramatic changes in medicine, surgery, industrial first aid, hursing and emergency treatment techniques and have an opportunity to air your own views. Fill in the form on the right and enclose 17/- subscription (including postage).
If you already subscribe why not give it as a present?
Problems disappear on the Complan course
The elderly have a lot of problems. Often they get dispirited, feel drained of energy and can't be bothered with food. Why should they, when their teeth and digestion are poor, their appetites non-existent? Tea and soft toast fills them up. But it's not nourishment, and they become too tired, too depressed to face their problems. Complan Breaks the vicious circle. Complan gives the elderly complete nourishment, in less time, with less effort, than it takes to make tea. A daily cup of Complan enriches inadequate diets without upsetting delicate digestions. Well-nourished on Complan, faces lighten, steps are sprightly, and problems don't seem quite so bad.
Presentation : 1 Ib cartons
Complan is a Glaxo trade mark
literature available on request Glaxo Laboratories Ltd, Greenford, Middlesex
To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John, 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1.
Please supply / renew* St. John Review
commencing with the issue I enclose 17/ - for 1 year
Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John. Name IN BLOCK
*Delele whichever is inapplicable
NOTES FROM THE STORES DEPARTMENT
THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN has appointed Webb Ivory Ltd. as printers & distributors this year for CHRISTMAS CARDS
THE ST. JOHN REVIEW
Official Journal of St. John
The range of cards is colourful & attractive. Sale could produce considerable profits for Divisions and Centres
CONTENTS
Tribute to H.R.H. Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent Aid Takes Many FOlms, by A. M. Boase
The Brigade in Action Cad e ts a nd the Adult Divisions , by Damon Road Accident After Care, by Dr. Alexander Mather, M.B.E. Overseas
Pr ecaution s on Coin-Op Cleaning, by Dr. G. W. Brown and P. Midgley,
T ri bute to Mr. Fred Argyle
Ca ual ty Acting, by a Brigade Surgeon Letter ... Care and Managemen t of Pu ppies
Nottingham '68
Gas Industry & Fire Brigades National First Aid Finals Results
The "Tara" Ball Crossword
Money for Nothing
A.B C. for Nursing in the Home For Better for Worse, by Thelma Parker The M 1 Pile-up--Those Who Helped Classified Advertisements
COVER PICTURE
ST.
JOHN AMBULANCE
Enquiries also to Gen. Manager, Stores Department, Priory House, St. John's Gate, London, E.C.I.
Tel.: Clerkenwell 6644
It is hoped that everyone wi II take advantage of this opportunity.
M.l PILE-UP, SUNDAY, SEPTEl.\'IDER 22, at Ridgmont (near Luton). St. John members returning from the Cadet Training Course at Nottingham were first on the scene of a multiple road crash. O, er 30 veh icl es were in volved cO'l'ering an area of about two miles. Fifty casualties were treated on the spot and tw elve admiUed 1'0 ho sp ital- tio ur in a seriou s condition. Unfortunately it is not possible to publish pictutes of all tho se who helped so magnificently, but, as our cover picture shows, it was an ordeal for many young members out of which they came with flying coloursas one would expect. A li s of the names appears on page 31, and it is hoped to publish a fuller report in the December issue. Picture shows: DaYid Fenton, Roger Hills, Rosina Goddard, Sheila Fenton and Janice Grant, a ll members of the Hamvell and Ealing Divisions. Middlese.'( County Times
FRONTISPIECE
THE LATE H.R.H PRINCESS MARINA, DUCHESS Grand Cross of the Most Venerable Order of the OF KENT, Commandant-in-Chief for Wales, Dame Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem. 2 3
Her Royal Highness Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent
G.C.V.O., C.I., G.B.E., G.C. St.].
The sudden and tragic death of H.lt.H. Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent, came as a sad shock to all members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and especially to the Nursing Corps and Divisions in Wales with whom she had been so closely associated since 1935.
As recently as May of this year Princess Marina showed her deep interest in the Brigade when she gave a cocktail party for senior members from all over Wales at her beautiful home in Kensington Palace, to mark the Golden Jubilee of the Priory for Wales. None of those fortunate enough to be present on that occasion will ever forget the friendliness and charm with which she spoke to each and everyone of her guests.
Her first association with the Brigade in Wales was in May, 1935, with her appointment as Lady Superintendent-in-Chief in succession to the Dowager Countess of Plymouth, who had held that office since the formation of the Priory in 1918. She paid her first visit to the Priory in October, 1937, in the company of her husband H.R.H. the Duke of Kent, who was at that tin1e Prior for Wales. Together they attended a Priory Ball at the City Hall, Cardiff, and the next day the General Assembly and an Investiture. Her second visit was in July, 1939, when she again attended the General Assembly and an Investiture, and conducted a Review of over 9,000 members of the Brigade in Sophia Gardens. Oddly enough, her Lady-in-Waiting on this occasion was the present Superintendent-in-Chief, Lady Brecknock, at that time with no St. John connections and wearing F ANY uniform.
Despite the calls made upon her during the War years, she managed to fit in a tour of South Wales during which she visited Miskin Manor (the War Organisation hospital), Merthyr Hospital, and Deep Duffryn Colliery, Mountain Ash. In company with so many of her fellow citizens, she suffered a tragic loss during the War when her husband was killed in an air crash, on Active Service in 1942. She bore this cruel blow with her usual courage, and without doubt it was her understanding of sorrow and her sympathy with suffering that renewed her devotion to the cause of St. John.
In June, 1946, she attended the first post-War General Assembly in Cardiff; in October, 1948, she inspected the Brigade in Swansea; in July, 1951, she carried out a number of public duties in North Wales; in 1954, she reviewed the Brigade at Chirk Castle and at Brecon. In 1960, she became Commandant-in-Chief for Nursing Corps and Divisions in Wales. In July, 1961, she attended a Dress Show at the City Hall, Cardiff, in aid of the Brigade, and the following day was present at the General Assembly, an Investiture and a Review in the grounds of Cardiff Castle. In May, 1965, she visited Cardiff again to unveil a Memorial in the Church of St. John the Baptist to the Hon. John Bruce, former Principal Secretary and Chief Commissioner for Wales. Later, she attended a Garden Party given by the Glamorgan County Council at Duffryn Gardens, St. Nicholas, and a Royal Pageant at the Welsh College of Advanced Technology depicting the history of the Order, in which 133 adult and cadet members from eight counties took part.
This is a bare recital of the facts but, though impressive as a record of Her Royal Highness' devotion to St. John duty in Wales, it does less than justice to the support she gave us by her continual interest in our affairs and her deep sympathy for those who were suffering from illness or injury. On the occasions when we had the privilege of talking to her about arrangements for her visits to Wales, it was never her own convenience that came first, but her desire to meet as many as possible of the nurses and nursing cadets to whose cause she was so devoted. She combined the dignity of her position as a Royal Princess with the simplicity of one who had suffered "the sling(and arrows of outrageous Fortune."
All of us in Wales remember Princess Marina with gratitude, admiration and affection.
Aid takes Dlany ForlllS
By A. M. Boase
and
EVERY .victory has brought its qu.ota of . suffermg to srn;tple. people whose only wish IS. to be to live peace and security. The SIx-Day War m the MIddle East has been no and while the world has heard much of the plight of the refugees who fled in terror the Jordan, less is known about those who remamed on the West Bank and who have also in one way or another, been adversely affected' by the war.
The . Order of St. John reacted with swift generosity to the needs of these poor people and a fund was put at the disposal of the who sought the advice of Dr. A. C. MacInnes, Anglican Archbishop in Jerusalem.
As Chairman of a group of Charitable Bodies Dr. MacInnes is in a good position to know just where and how help is needed. It was hoped at first .that the bulk of the fund could be used to rebuild houses,. this not been permitted by the authontres. RepaIr work, however, is allowed and.' as can be imagined, there has been plenty of this to be done, for shattered walls and roofs have added greatly to the misery of a particularly severe winter.
With individual cases we have acted dIrectly, begmmng with two members of our Staff who lost their homes and all their possessions. The first of !hese was Alice Sayeh who has worked at the hospItal as a Practical Nurse for over 10 years Her home was fortunately empty when It receIved a direct hit. The 'second was Red:van, the gardener, who with his wife and large were lucky to escape with their lives in the thIck of the bombardment. As far as possible their lesses been made good and they are establIshed m other quarters.
Children's sufferings seem the cruellest of all on these occasions, and two in particular have been helped by the Order through contributions to .the Cheshire Home in Bethlehem where they are bemg looked after.
Johnnie. was found lying among the rubble in the Old CIty after the fighting. He appeared to be about twelve years old and we called him Johnnie for want of any better name, as he seemed to beloJ?-g to no-one and being dumb could tell us n?thiJ?-!? about himself. This was not his only disabJ.lity as he could barely see and could ' Not stand at aU. In addition he was mentaHy retarded completely inc?ntinent and seemed to have control ov.er hIS head and tongue which wagged and lolled Incessantly.
6
It would be go.od to be able to report that Johnnie's ills all been cured but that, alas! would take a mIracle. He is still mentally retarded and una.ble to sJ?eak, and nothing can be done his defectIve sight, though at least it is unlikely to get any worse. But none the less good food. and kindliness have done w;nders for. hIm. He IS no longer incontinent and can walk qUIte well, though in a somewhat flat-footed manner which efforts are being made to counterHe can. simple instructions and enJoy v.ery JuvenIle pastimes and he no longer wags hIS head, but above all his attitude has miserable dejection to ObVIOUS happmess, whIch we feel is based on a sense of security which he may never have known before.
Fatima's story is a generally hopeful one, t.hough she started lIfe WIth the disadvantage of bemg hydrocephalic. At the age of 15 months sh.e u.nderwen.t brain-surgery at the Augusta Victona HospItal on the Mount of Olives and was there when this building was badly on June 7.
her parents had joined the panicstriken exodus across the Jordan and no-one was responsible for the baby who was still very weak an? partly paralysed down her right side. Here .agam the Cheshire Home came to the rescu e, and m the intervening mo.qths the feeble waif into a beautiful, healthy lIttle gIrl. She IS now nearly two and is having treatment at the for Crippled Children the Mount of Olives which, it is hoped, will lIterally put her on her feet.
Hassan is another of our proteges, though noone gave very much for the chances of this fifteenyear-old b?y when he was brought to St. John's. He had up an "object" lying in a field, only to have It explode in his face! In addition to the probable loss of both eyes, his right had been blown off and he had an assortment of wounds in various parts of his body.
. But youth is resilient, and he fought hIS back lIfe though at first it seemed to offer lIttle to thIS boy who had the double disability of 1?lindness and one-handedness. Then, after much treatment, a glimmer of sight returned to hlS left ey.e and soon. he was able to get a bou t the ward unaIded. At thIS stage we arranged for him to be fitted up with an artificial hand and he b.ravely eager to make the best of his SItuatIOn III every way. Now there are cautious
JERUSALEM
A MEMORIAL SERVICE FOR THE LATE CECILIA, LADY WEBB-JOHNSON, widow of a former Hospital/ e r of th e Ord e r , was held at th e Ophthalmic Hospitatin J e rusal e m this yea r. The Service was con.ducted by His Grace the Anglican Archbishop in Jerusalem (and Sub-Prelate of th e Ord e r) in th e Hospital Chapel in which there is the Triptych Altar presented by Lady Webb-Johnson in m e mor y of her late husband , who was actively concerned in the decision to build th e prese nt Ho sp ital. Pictur e shows: Front Row: The late Mrs. B. Spafford V e ster; His Grace Archbishop MacInnes; Dr. Arthur Boase, Warden and Mrs. Alice Boase. Ba ck. Row: Miss MarRaret Hollowa y, Matron; Mrs. A. G. Lind; Mrs. G. Khadder; Mrs. T. K. Lyle, wife of the D e put y -Hospitall e r; Mr. T. K. Lyle , D e put y H ospita ll e r; Mrs. A. C. MacInnes and Mrs. Pi e rson-Hall.
hopes that he may eventually regain a really useful amount of vision, but perhaps the situation is best summed up in Hassan's own words"Inshala"-God Willing!
We have also been trying to help families who have taken refuge in caves in the Wadi Joz, quite near the Hospital but a world away in terms of the basic necessities of life. All that can be said in favour of these abodes is that they are dry, for othe.rwise they are entirely devoid of comfort, and a few smouldering embers barely take the edge off their grave-like chill.
Nearly every family has several children, and the father is no longer able t O get work. Surprisingly enough most of the children are reasonably healthy-giving the lie to the accepted theory that health and hygiene go hand in hand! Eight human beings live in one of these caves, measuring roughly 10ft. x 9ft., and the nearest approach to
furniture is a wicker basket in which an infant sleeps soundly on a mattress of pine-needles.
Probably the saving factor where these people are concerned is that what food they have is fresh and nourishing, for tins and packets are quite outside their means and experience. We have visited them every couple of weeks, taking warm garments and such "luxuries" as rice, sugar, tea and edible oil, and are humbled by the gratitude with which these offerings are received.
Even in such circumstances Arab hospitality is instinctive, and only the plea of urgent domestic commitments provides an acceptable excuse for declining s.ome form of refreshment.
These are a few examples of the efforts which we are making on behalf of the Order, but we know that even at best they provide only a temporary alleviation of conditions for which a real solution is anxiously awaited.
Sales Promotion Leaflet
A most attractive leaflet to boost the sales of the "Review" is now available, free from the Stores Department, Priory House, st. John's Gate, Clerkenwell.
Please make sure that you have a supply at all functions.
P.R.O.s please make your pockets bulge with yet SOlne more "must" paper.
Oneofthe results of the questionnaire showed that many centres and divisions had never heard of it.
Some of you may get sick of the sight of these 7
leaflets, but please swallow hard and try to think of someone you have not yet approached-or if without result-send them another and another -they will give in, if only to escape.
Selling is a hard and up-hill business and, perhaps, we tend to get discouraged too quickly. Only with a greatly increased circulation can we build up your magazine into something of which you can be proud.
PLEASE DO NOT IGNORE THIS APPEAL FOR YOUR HELP.
Base wife of the Warden
Chief Surgeon
St. John in Action
MEMBERS OF S.E. AREA LONDON DISTRICT AT THE CRYSTAL PALACE.
Pi cture shows: AIM Medcraft giving resusci tation with DIS A. S. Taylor (Hayes & Park Langley Combined Di visions) Alan aft join ed Ambulance Cadet Division and is now on th e London Dlstnct Pool whzle traznzng to b'e an S.R.N. In his report, Mr. L. 1. Field, Area Superintendent, states that th e v ictim died lat er, Alan's initiativ e and perseverance, under more dzstresszng cir cumstances, led to a press photographer going out of his way to bring it to the notice of the Area Commissioner.
1••fIJIIII Sflll Injllled
FLOOD DISASTER
HORLEY & GATWICK ST. JOHN DIVISION took an active part in rescue and "moppingup" operatiems during the floods at Horley. The alarm was raised at about 4 p.m. , Sunday, September 15, and almost instantly a reli'ef centre (to cope with a possible 200 homeless people), was set up in the S.J.A.B. Hall. Mr. Warnett, an old Brigade member, was able to supply food, tea, coffee, canned soup and 50 blankets. Members of the Horley Lions , and Round Table Clubs quickly found extra accommodation. In the meantime, St. John members were picking up people stranded by the flood water by whatever means they could lay their hands on. The letter from The Rt. Hon. AnthQny Greenwood sent to Headquarters is pl"inted below.
"I am writing to ask you to be' good enough to convey the thanks of the Government to members of your organisation who are, or have been, engaged in dealing with the - of the recent floods. 1 was told of the valuable help given by your ,members on several occasions during my tour ,of the flooded areas. The voluntary workers faced with a great va1riety of exacting tasks in helping, under extremely difficult ctmditioJils, those pe0ple wih(i)se homes were fl06ded. They responded magnifieently, and we all owe them a debt of gratitude."
(Signed) ANTHONY GREENWOOD.
MARTIN CHIVERS, Spurs forward, injured during the match against Nottingham Forest on September 21, being ca rri ed off. H e was ru s h ed to Stanmore where h e was operated on for a fractured knee-cap at the Ro ya l National OrthopaedIc Hospital. The Editor asked for the names of members on duly, but these were not received in tim e to me et the publication deadline. A report from Officer-inCharge on this occasion wou.ld be welcomed, particularly as those on duty must have had to treat other casualties resulting from "gang warfare" at the ground.
The People
Horley Adveniser
Cadets and the Adult Divisions
BY DAMON
I WAS very pleased to read, in a recent issue of the "Review," of your intention to foster the development of our magazine as a forum for the exchange of all views of those interested in St. John-Order, Brigade or Association. I expect you will only publish opinions which stem from an obviously sincere wish for the advancement of all aspects of our chosen obsession, ami in this belief I hope you wiLl publish these views and that they will pwvoke consideration and comments from which St. John will benefit.
SinGe my youth I have been assC)ciated with St. in many parts of the country; the demands of famIly, career, etc., mitigated against a long and continuous St. John career, but I have no sense of grievance and, most certainly, no "chip on my shoulder" in presenting these opinions as just a Brigade member.
I have reared children of my own and two nephews orphaned by the war who, between them, have made me a grandfather many times over, so I can claim to be one who is favourably-inclined towards youth and not a "middle-aged square."
There are dapgers attending the modern trend to place "Accent on -Youth." Admirable as Cadet activities are in their pursuit of Gra.nd Prior Badges, Duke of Edinburgh awards, etc., and, the consequent development into good citizens of the future, these must not transcend the importance of the continued health and growth of the Adult Divisions. If the tree sickens and dies the twigs will die with it.
There is a tendency to produce out of the youth of today, with far betteli educational chanGes than his elders enjoyed, a senior Cadet (well-trained by the book and well-practised by Casualty who, attending the first class for Adult Fust Aid CertIficate, finds it all "too yawn-making" since he feels he has «done it all before." But the class comprises many members of the public who are probably potential members of the Adult "Divisions and who may well be new entrants to the paid ambulance service, or fire brigade, or works' first aid men It is these who make the class possible; their class fees pay the expenses to which Cadets are usually not expected to contribute.
Let us consider for a moment what it means to run a class for the Adult Certificate. Someone, probably the Divisional Secretary, shoulders a considerable burden of clerical work to make the class possible and the cost has to be met by the fee-paying class members. is an illuminating insight, on unpleasant facts known hItherto only to those wlio organise such classes, ' in March 1967 issue of the "Review." Analysing these facts, we find that the cost of such classes, irrespective of Association fees and the overheads of accommodation, lighting, equipment, etc. (borne by Divisional funds) are:
F0r a class of 10, £3 15s. peF member;
For a elass of 20, £2 9s per membeF;
For a class of 30, £2 Os. 4d. per member. A proportion of non-paying participants means that the fee-payers must be charged far more than the nominal half-guinea 0r so if Divisional coffers are not to be heavily-raided; -the autumn first aid class can be the heaviest charge on Divisional funds accumulated by the Adult Division. Usually members of the Adult Division give their services as demonstrators and lay instructors, so the am0unts above reduce to:
For a Glass of to, £2 19s. per member;
For a class of 20, £] 15s. per member;
FQr a class 0f 30, £1 6s. per member.
But this incIeases, rather than ditninishes, the indebtedness of Cadets to the members of the Senior Division. Cadet officers would therefore dt) the movement a far better service if, instead of imparting a sound kn.owledge 10
of the Manual, they inspired in the senior a proper appreciation of all that is implied in promotIon to the Adult Division.
Many Cadet officers do not see things this way; obsessed by their (very worthy) activities as youth -which often leave them time for only a very nomillal membership of the Division (I know many Cadet officers who never attend Divisional meetings or perform public duties)-they often build a wall between the Cadets and the Senior Division, frequently persuade the senior Cadets to stay with the Cadets as. long as and possibly unwittingly, breed an attitude of milld ill Cadets .who do transfer, which leads to friction and discord.
I have known of more than one senior Cadet who claimed as a right at least NCO rank on transfer by reason of Grand Prior Badge and Cadet Leader rank, plus the service at half-rate transferred from the yellow BCF4 to the green BF4 . The faults are not all on one side; many members of Ambulance and Nursing Divisions are intolerant of the attitudes of the transferees. In the Di visi ons where the members are mostly middle-aged, not to say elderly, the weekly meeting is a very serious concentrati?n on. fi.rst aid or nursing; they do not accept youthfu l hIgh splnts, complain bitterly about the occasional ?r.oken chair after the Cadet meeting, and are often unwIllm,g to allow the younger members fair scope on public duties , etc. (I offended a Cadet years ago at a public dut y, by guarding the door of the ambulance room whilst the Nursing Officer, S.R.N. and Theatre Sister at the local hospital, attended to a middle-aged woman who had been taken ill. I only said: "Can't go in there ju.st now, son." To which he replied: "Our Cadet Supenntendent told us we had to get as much experience as we could, so I shall report this!" And he did, to,?, and the Cadet Superintendent was young and foolIsh enough to try to get me a reprimand at the next Divisional Committee meeting.)
In the same Division, there was an incident when the Divisional Officer-a dour and dedicated man-asked to give some talks on first aid, saw Cadet a yo-yo during the lecture and toM hIm to deSIst, only to be met by a cold stare and a continuance of the distraction, whereupon he sh,?wed the lad to the .door ; only to have the Cadet Supenntendent call at hIS home next evening to ask an explanation why he had caused "one of my best boys " to resign.
Man y of us older members do not appreciate that teenagers cannot take undiluted doses of first aid and home nursing-but, for most of us, these are the oruy reasons why we meet each week.
And now there are fresh difficmlties arising from the new Manual and procedures set up thereby. Years ago it was quite common for veteran members of the Adult Divisions to know 'the Black Book " by heart. " Such did not take kindly to the new Manual, which the bettereducated Cadets can take on easily as yet another textbook. From his hundreds of hours in the wind and rain on the touch-line of rugby matches, etc., the "oldie" resents being failed, or only just scrambling through, the re-examination per the new book, which the ex-Cadet gets through easily. Moreover, in laudable attempts to keep the interest of senior Cadets am d recent promo tees, Supedmtendents are aHal1lgrung courses-which llave , mecessariJ1y, tQ be limited in size-for Intermedi ate and Advanced First Aid Certificates, to the chag r in of grizzled sergeants and elderly A/Ms ., who, although not members of the Divisional competition team, consider
(Continued on page 24)
C;:OMPETITIONS
By "5. J. Judge"
We all enjoy the time we spend with our friends at the St. John Ambulance classes, practices and other activities. The training we receive and knowledge we gain is meant to make us capable of helping others when they may most need it.
H owever, it is only rarely that we will be able to treat an injury, or nurse a sick person, unless we work in certain jobs.
Therefore to help us to know what to do when the need arises, we have "incidents" or "pretends" in which injuries and disease}) are copied by healthy people who act as casualties.
To decide how well a casualty is treated we have judges who give marks for what is done and how well it is done. They also subtract marks if the casualty would suffer more owing to the wrong treatment.
Competitions consist of an incident Or several incidents. Competitors who care for the casualties in the best way gain most marks.
The Judges have taught classes and taken practices for many years. When they prepare the
BEDFORD SHIRE
Luton News
" ACCIDENT IN THE HOME." BEDFORD TOWN AMBULANCE CADET DIVISION WINNERS.
Cp l. Antonio MontaRono; Cpl. David A ll en; Cpl. John Burns and A IC Bernard Meodwell won the First Aid section of the County competitions ear li er this year. The team test r equ ir ed them to treat an elderly woman who fell whil e trying to climb on a table to c han ge an el ectric light bulb. Her inju ri es included a dislocated shoulder, a sprained an.kle and a. cut ann in which glass was embedded. So many of the competition tests are now based on real-lif e cases and it would be interesting to know if this one actually had happ ened. Dunstable N /C Division won their section.
marking sheets they check with the Manual and with the Competition Rules repeatedly to make sure that the test is fair to all who enter the competition.
Before entering a competition you must study and practise so that you are a credit to your Division because marks of team members are added together and compared with the marks of other Divisions.
Team members should behave in an orderly manner and obey instructions from the leader at once. They should see he has full knowledge of everything that is happening. Team leaders should speak to the Judge only when necessary. Other members may talk quietly amongst themselves or to the casualty but should not speak directly to the Judge in the presence of the team leader.
The casualty, if conscious, can answer questions and will give useful information if asked.
Marks are given for general care as well as for examination and treatment. These marks are often lost. Reassurances given by general behaviour as well as by word of mouth. Marks are given for what is done, not what is said to be done. For example, the pupils of the eyes cannot be inspected through closed eyelids!
S.E. London District
BEXLEY NURSING CADET DIVISION ENROLMENT CEREMONY. Area Commissioner E. A. Wheble enrolled 14 new cadets and D I S I 0 Miss 1. Robinson dr ew attention to the fact that in sixteen months the Division had g rown from a m embe rship of six to sixtya remarkable record and a credit to the l eadership of the Superintendent , Mrs. A. Sheehan and D /0 Miss 1. Thomas , with the support of their members. This Division has further claim to instant fame-they have now won three South -Ea stern A rea and one District (Uniform) Cups. A IS / 0 Mrs. K. Traker welcomed twelve new Juniors to the Division. THREE ENTERPRISING JUNIORS, Carol Benefer, Susan Church , and Dian e Merrifield, ran a jumble sale and raised (showing that the pennies still count), six shillings and threepence for Divisional funds with the help of other children in the. street-no article ov er 3d! B elow: a display b) some of the members of the Division.
Dave King DEMONSTRATION AT SEATON. D 10 (Cadets) Ron Pavey, assisted by Rodney Perry, treating the "patient" Brian Abbott. Also in the picture (left), Major G. S. Clare, Chairman. of the Seaton and Beer S.J.A.A. and (centre) DIS A. H. Turner. The Seaton U.D .C. has provuled life-saving equipment and, although this part of the sOLl:th coast is considered one of the. safest for bathinR and sailing in the country, they are no! takmg any A great. deal of mterest has been shown by the public in these demonstratzons and partzcularly by the fzshermen at Beer.
D E V o N
AMBITION ACHIEVED WITH FORMATION OF BILLINGHAM AMBULANCE CADET DIVISION.
Jul y 24 was a day to be remembered by St. John , North Riding of Yorks hir e-and, ind eed, for St. John as a whole, as th e en rolm ent ce re mony of a new Division took place. The en ro llin g Officer was th e Commissioner Brigadier C. C. Fairweather and was the realisation of an ambiti on of their young Superintendent, Alan Caig, who, la st year, was determined that this Division would be formed. We now l ea rn that a new Nursing Division ha s also been star t ed.
Nom of England Newspapers
WITH A WAITING LIST TO JOIN, Miss Cathy Bunn, S.R.N., will be Divisional Nursing Officer (in charge of the section until it is registered), and 35 young ladies will form the beginnings of this new Division. Congratulations to them all and ever;: good wish.
BIRMINGHAM
COUNTY ANNUAL CAMP held at Clevedon, Somerset, was attended this year by 40 Cadets and 10 Officers and a very enjoyable time was had by all. This sounds as if it was all play -but in addition to five proficiency subjects finals a competiti(]Jn of Ambulance versus Nursing Cadets was held. Picture shows: D 10 J. Long watr;hing the contest.
MANNINGTREE NURSING CADET DIVISION
GRAND PRIOR BADGE WINNERS. Pictur e shows: Jan et Catling, Shirley Wilden, Yvonne Yeates who were all only 14+ years old when they gained their award.
Their Superintendent Mrs. Dora Whent (who was recently invested as Serving Sister of the Ord e r by The Lord Wakehurst, Lord Prior), pays high tribute to the hard work put in by th. ese three young ladi es to achieve success in Ct very short time.
HORWICH CADET DIVISIONS FIRST GRAND PRIOR BADGES. Conwatulations to CILdr. John Simm; C I Ldr. Susan Po vey and C I Sgt. Francis John Eden, who was also awarded the "Cadet of the Year Cup." The presentations were made by Area Commissioner Mr. G. M. Thwaites at a r ecent social. He also made a presentation to Mr. S Kirkham (extreme l eft) on completing 34 years in the Brigade for which he has been admitted to the Order as a Serving Brother.
Road Accident After Care
First on the Scene of an Accident
Compiled by Dr. Alexander Mather, M.B.E., Institute of Advanced
Motorists.
(With the Institute's permission.)
do you do if you are first at the scene of an accident? The first instinct is to run to the car and start pulling people .out. DON'T! The men whose job it is to sort out the bloody chaos after road accidents say: "A high percentage of the people hurt in cars and pulled out by frantic rescuers are made worse and even killed," and this is fact.
Every crash is different and so there are no rules. But here is some basic advice gleaned from experience of accidents in several busy traffic areas.
WHAT TO DO FIRST. Park your car far enough away from the scene to protect it. Stop for a second to think. What are the conditions at the scene? If the crashed car is upside-down people may be trapped inside-s,o hail passing cars and send them in opposite directions to find telephones and ring the POLICE. Give the extent of the crash, exact location, the number of injured and the services required. It is wise to send one car and then another in each direction with this information. The Police will inform the Fire Brigade, Ambulance and Doctor and breakdown vehicle, if necessary. What else can happen? More cars can crash into the already crashed car. It is often more important to "PROTECT THE SCENE," than go at once to the injured. Flag down the first cars, get the drivers to pull off the road, send them as flagmen with some white object to wave, BOTH WAYS, and not 50 to 100 feet but 500 to 1,000 feet, where they can give adequate warning.
DEALING WITH VICTIMS.
As soon as you get to the wreck turn off the ignition and light to
prevent fire. If the victims of the crash are hurt, but not bleeding profusely, leave them in the car(s) until trained help comes. DON'T TWIST, TURN OR MOVE THEM. If they are lying in the road (cover them with a blanket or coat), leave them there and take steps to guard them from the traffic. A Doctor says: "We often see pe.ople die who could have been saved if they had not been moved by inexperienced volunteers." Even a victim with a broken back can usually be saved if allowed to lie unmoved. But well-meaning people lift them out of wrecks. stuff them into the back seats of cars and rush them to hospital-with serious results.
IF PEOPLE ARE PINNED. Often accident victims, otherwise unhurt, appear to be trapped when they are merely held by a foot twisted under a seat. If so, crawl in and gently release the foot. Make sure that the car will not roll while you do this.
WHAT ABOUT LWTING CARS? People sometimes get injuries or further injuries because motorists try to lift cars, find they can't and let the car fall back. Four men can sometimes lift one side of a car-but if you try this, be sure that you are not pushing the other side down onto some one-this has been done.
WHAT ABOUT FIRE? If fire does not start right away you can relax a bit, for it rarely starts afterwards unless a thoughtless motorist lights a cigarette. Fire in the wiring usually begins as a smouldering under the bonnet or dashboard. DON'T let this panic you into immediately moving the injured. D6 three things: (1) Disconnect the battery; (2) Locate the fire; (3) Attack it with 14
the extinguisher, blanket or earth WHILE WAITING FOR THE AMBULANCE. If you are a skilled First Aider you mayo r may not have plenty to do. If you have, you will be convinced of the importance of your training. If you are not a First Aid er you will have time to think, and wish you had attended instructio n classes. It might have been yOill' wife or child that needed your help.
Note-P. A. Marsh, S.R.N., article in December issue
MARTON NURSING CADET DIVISION, GRAND PRIOR BADGE WINNERS. Pi ctur e shows: Four m e mb e rs of th e Marton Nursing Cadet Division, WanRanui, C h e ry l Brown , Janis Miles, Gillian. Karanffi J.:1aster , who is seen on the ex tr e m e ri gh t, is th e first MarOI Cadet In the district to gam thls award.
TASMANIA
NURSING CADET CAMP AT THE CRADLE MOUNTAIN. A ve ry successfu l and enjoya ble ad ventur e Camp for Nursing Cadets was h eld at Cradle Mountain, Lake St. Clair National Par k during September. It is claimed that there is probably no finer mountain scenery in Australia and, for th e naturalist, it has been described as "a ve ritabl e Eldorado." The Cadets were fortunate in ha v in g t h e li se of th e Waldheim chal et (alt. 3,000ft.), a ha. ve n for sk iers, mountaineers and lo ve rs of th e Tasmanian w ilds. It was built in 1912 from hand split slabs of King William Pine by Gustav Windorfer, a former Austrian consular official.
Pictures show If you look in the l e ft-hand co rner you will see C / Sgt. Smith standing and admiring one 0/ the many magnificent waterfalls in the National Park. In the other picture above, some of the ca mp e rs taking a well-earned rest. Mrs. E. Buckingham, Superintendent Ulverstone N IC Division is standinR second from the left.
B. C. Hebbard
ASMAT ABDULLAH AND CISlO SUNTIM showmg the Edwma, Countess Mountbatten of Burma Memorial Plaque" to members of the Brigade. (See July "Review"). More pictures and news of Sabah in next issue.
SABAH
TIINZIINIII
SERVICE MEDAL PRESENTATION. DIS ADAMLI ABDULKADER, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania District first joined the Brigade in Zanzibar in 1941. He is now in charge of th e Azania Division and qualified for the Order's Service Medal at the end of last yea r.
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
H.E. THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL-GENERAL SIR SOLOMON AND LADY HOCHOY HIS .GRACE THE ARCHBISHOP OF PORT OF SPAIN were Ruests of honour at an m!ormal dmner attended by members of the St. John Council, the Association and Brigade. pzcture shows: Mr. Joseph D'Arcy, Commissioner; Mr. Basil Jackson, Chairman St. John Cou,:cil; Dr. L. A. H. Mc,Shine; Mr. Muni Lal, High Commissioner for India; Dr. David Wyke, Preshdent St. John Counczl; The Rt. Rev. Anthony Pantin, Archbishop of Port of Spain; Mr. PC;lul Le Mintier De Le Lehelec:, Ambassador for France; H.E. The Governor-General , General Szr Solomon Hochoy; Mr. A. H. Matthews, Acting Deputy Commissioner and Mr. A. E. Dwarika, Acting DistriGt Secretary.
LADY MITCHELL, Chairman of the St. John Ambulance Association, Jamaica North-East, presenting the Mountbatten Cup (for the first time) to Sergeant White of the Prosp ect No.1 team, winners of the event. The compe titions were judged by Dr. Tom.!inson, Commissioner for Jamaica North-East, Dr. McDowell and Dr. Marsh.
JIIMIIICII
A VERY SUCCESSFUL St. John Ambulance Competition was held at the Headquarters of Jamaica North-East , Ocho Rios on September 18. The teams were tested on their ability to render first aid to a "carpenter" who had fallen from a ladder and injured his head. During the competition a genuine casualty was brought in , a police constable who had been assaulted in endeavouring to make an arrest and had in the process received considerable head injuries. In the photograph Superintendent P. W. Davis is rendering first aid, assisted by a St. John Cadet, prior to the injured man being taken by the St. John Ambulance to hospital (left).
Trinidad Guardian
Sgt. Phillip Coop , Huddersheld A/e. DlvlslOn, recelvlI7g th e Cup tram former Commiss ioner (W.R.Y.) Dr. Edmund H. LodRe, O.B.E. !h.e was for 19 67 and each area sent in four names ta l a tlophy, a hand wr?ught cup in silver, made bv Mat/hew West in 1897, and donated by 'the D/S / O West (A/C). Phillip , 17, hopes to transfer to Adu lt DIvIsIOn. soon. The award is made on nine by a of Judges and includes general disto the commun it y, qualities of l eadership and plOgless 1!1 the Cade t s. Best w ishes to him for his future career In the BriRade.
Huddersfield Examiner
WILTS.
BALLEY, Wilton Nursing Cadet DiviSlOn, her Grand Prior ' s badge from County Supfumte'!dent Mrs. C. B. Dutfield at an Inspection and presentatlOn of awards held recently at the Wilton Hall. T!1e Mayor and Mayoress of Wilton, Councillor aJ:d 1:1.1 s. E. J. E.o.ulter also attended the ceremony. PI.oflclency. I,! a variety of subjects were ple:.sen!ed, Chzld and Animal Care, Clean Food Handlmg, Handicraft and Cookery.
Standinf!-D /0 E. J. MitcheM; D / 0 J. Cole; C 1 Alan
D (SC X , Otter; Graham Pritchafi Cpl. Clive
Step en Owen; CILdr. R()bert Barnes' A/S/O J T S ·tl· Cpl. Bernard Whitehead. Others to their were Sgt. Roger Whitehead; Cpl. John Pettinger and Cadet 18
h ' , . . . reen, ()rps Sgt.-MaJor 1. J. Lack. Sittimg' Cadet
RENISHA W PARK COLLIERY A/C DIVISION HAVE A REMARKABLE RECORD. In three years the have gained a total of 404 proficiency certificates-with a record number of 166JCfs.t y e ar. Can any Cadet DlvlslOn beat this total? Ea rli er this year A/SIO J. T. Smith presented ELE V EN GRAND PRIO!?-:S. BADGES to members of th e I!lvlslOn bringinR them up to 16 In the Division and 6 ex-Cadets in the Adult Division.
PRECAUTIONS ON COIN-OP
CLEANING
G. W. BROWN, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S., L.R.F.P. & S., D.P.H., Ex-Deputy Medical Officer of Health
P. MIDGLEY, M.A.P.H.I.,
Deputy Chief Public Health Inspector, Huddersfield County Borough
Early in 1963, coin-operated dry cleaning came to this country, starting in London. It was, at that time, already well established in the United States, Canada and, to some extent, in Scandinavia and some European countries. In 1967 it was estimated that about 3,000 of these machines were operating in the United Kingdom and one's impression is that this estimate is greatly exceeded today.
The commonly used solvents in the dry cleaning industry are trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene. The vast majority of coinoperated dry cleaning machines use perchloroethylene, bu t trichlorotrifluoroethane, because of its suitability for a wider range of fabrics, may well eventually supersede it. These substances are related as halogenated hydrocarbons. They are all volatile and produce vapours heavier than air , with known toxic properties Trichloroethylene, of course, is the well-known anaesthetic agent, Trilene
Coin-operated dry cleaning gives good val ue for money and can be a blessing. There are, nevertheless, certain avoidable hazards in their use of which the public should be made aware.
A fatal accident occurred to a man working in the traditional dry cleaning industry, due to gassing by perchloroethylene, when he was working on his own trying to catch up on a backlog of work. This accident is reported in the October, 1967, issue of a publication by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Accidellts. This fatality is a reminder that perchloroethylene can in itself be lethal under certain conditions.
Possible hazards, however, to customers of dry cleaning establishments are more likely to involve situations where the individual may have his judgment impaired or, by virtue of being under the influence of dry cleaning fumes, be in danger of accident from other sources.
A couple having returned home from a coin-operated dry cleaners where they had dry cleaned their heavy velvet curtains. removed them from the suitcase in which they had transported them and proceeded to hang them in a warm room. Shortly after this, while both were enjoying a drink of whisky, they weTe overcome by the fumes and lost consciousness (alcohol and the vapour of cleaning fluids reinforce each other strongly in their general effects).
A more recent incident, and one with a less happy ending, is that reported in the Sunday Express, March 3, 1968, concerning the death of a boy scout. The sleeping bag in which the scout died was, after coinoperated dry cleaning, placed tightly rolled in the boot of a car and was only unrolled just before the scout slept in it at night. He died from inhaling the fumes released from the sleeping bag material.
Investigations were carried out by the authors into the levels of vapour which can arise from dry-cleaned clothing, particularly in confined spaces. For this purpose, on two separate occasions, two batches of normal clothing within the weight prescribed by the manufacturers were processed in two different machines. After processing, each ba tch was placed in the back of a car; readings were taken at intervals while the car was stationary and after it had travelled for some distance. In the first test, after three minutes, a reading of 100 ppm (parts per million), was taken in the front of the vehicle. With the vehicle moving and ventilation working, this had .dropped to 50 + ppm after 10 minutes. At the end of a twomile journey, with ventilation fully functioning, the reading was 25 ppm. Clothes from this batch were hung in a small wardrobe after the journey and 20 minutes later the concentration in the wardrobe had reached 200+ ppm.
In the second test, the reading in the stationary car after two minutes showed a concentration in excess of 400 ppm, and following a 2t milf' journey, with the car ventilation system operating fully, a concentration of 150 ppm was recorded. Clothing from this batch was hung in a similar wardrobe and after 20 minutes the concentration in wardrobe was 400+ ppm.
These readings were taken in the front of a car fitted with an airconditioning type of ventilation system in which air enters at the front of the vehicle and flows through the car, being extracted at the rear.
In both experiments the clothing was placed on the rear seat of the car.
In vehicles which have front quarter lights instead of through ventilation, when the quarter lights are open and the car moving, the extractor effect of the quarter lights causes air to be drawn from the rear of the car forward, and in many cases air is even drawn from the 19
luggage boot. A concentration of vapours about the driver's head would be expected to result. This was proved by placing a few drops of trichloroethylene in the boot of a car with front quarter lights and taking readings in the fron t seat while the car was in motion. These readings rose from zero when stationary to over 100 ppm while in motion. The same readings were achieved at 20 miles per hour and at 55 miles per hour.
There is some scarcity of information as to the levels at which acute effects are likely to be experienced. Investigations have been carried out into single exposure of human beings to tetrachloroethylene in concentrations varying from 106 to 1,060 ppm. It was found that in the higher concentrations exposure could only be tolerated for a maximum of two minutes, owing to marked irritation of eyes and respiratory tract. Even at 280 ppm there was a burning sensation of the eyes and congestion of the frontal sinuses. The concentration which is likely to cause minimal irritation of the eyes in an unacclimatised individual lies somewhere between 100 and 200 ppm, and at the latter level most experience dizziness, loss of appetite and intolerance of alcohol. Symptoms experienced include headache, nausea and lightheadedness, dizziness, fatigue, a feeling of intoxication, abdominal pain, staggering and a slow capacity for thinking.
Subjects who are obese or badly nourished and those suffering from coronary disease, high blood pressure, diseases of the liver, kidneys or heart and from nervous or psychiatric disturbances, appear to be more su ceptible to the toxic effect of both solvents.
Coin-operated dry cleaning is very popular and certainly fulfils a service need, but the dangers involved should be obviated by the simple precantions of thorough ventilation; the hanging out of dry cleaned materials so that the vapours dissipate; dry-cleaned materials should never be carried open in a car but should be in a closed polythene bag for the journey and subsequently be well aired, outdoors or in a well ventilated room; the fact that alcohol and the vapour of trichloroethylene or tetrachloroethylene reinforce each other in their general effects should be made known to the public.
Footnote: Based on articles publish ed in "Th e Medical Officer" and "Nursing Times."
Salisbury Journal
R N W A L L
J. Long
RANTS.
SIR ALEC ROSE (of lone-yachtsman fame), provided the highlight of a fete organised by the Portsmouth Ambulance Division when he dropped in and joined th e crowd watching demonstrations. Picture shows: Naval Cadets show their sk.ill in First Aid. Television personalit y, Fred Dineage, judged the childr en's fancy dress contest and signed autographs. The event was in aid of the Ambulan.ce Fund. St. John is particularly grateful to th e Cadets' Par e nts Committee fo r th e ir valuable support and h e lp in organising activitie!f
REDRUTH NURSING CADETS WIN COUNTY COMPETITIONS. Picture shows: Margaret Meyers,' Penny Pascoe (Leader) and Clare Southwood. They had a stiff test of an accident On a lonely moorland when the victim was suffering from exposure, severe bleeding and fractures after being thrown from his horse. Walk.ie-Talkie communication was used.
Wes t Briton
LEICS.
John Warbunon
Fred Argyle Tribute
THE FIRST AID MOVEMENT has lost an member and one whose death will leave a gap zn ranks. Whenever assistance was required, be it at training, demonstrating, Freddie was ever gzve up his spare time. He was a of the L Met. Police competition team and gamed a Grc:nd Pnor s Trophy for Men Medallion on two occaszons, 1953 and 1956, the latter occasion as of the was very interested in youth organzsatzons and Tn to being President of the Brixton Nursing Cadet DlVlszon was an instructor and examiner for the No call on his services we nt unans wered be zt for a natLOnal event or just a lo ca l event providing it was for the good of. the movement. He will be remembered as one who gave /1IS aIL in an effort to carry out the .of the " For the good of Mankind". Hzs servIces to first was recognised by the Order on three occasions and at Ius death he was a Commander (Brother).
LEICESTER CO-OPERATIVE NURSING CADET DIVISION demonstrating the Ch es hir e Wilson resuscitation training equipment at a demonstration. and display h eld in July.
P. W. Jackson
G.E.c.
CASUALTY ACTI NG
By a Brigade Surgeon
Casualty acting in competitions requires a better knowledge of nrst aid than the competitors have.
In 25 years of St. John work, I have watched casualty simulation grow. From simple ways of simulating injury, the art of casualty make-up has developed. Keeping pace with this has been the acting which goes with it. It is about the acting of the casualty that I wish to express my views.
An actor requires eDlVironment in which to act well. Casualty make-up teams to-day provide props and scenery. This helps the casualty to act the part; a road scene with a telephone box and a wrecked motor cycle; a factory with a conveyor belt and a man trapped in the machinery; a domestic scene with aDJ explosion in a gas cooker. The casualty actor in the appropliate sUlToundings finds his task easier than if he is in a bare room.
It is not my intention to write about make-up; there are people far more qualified to do this than me, and two excellent articles have a ppeared in the " Review" recently on this subject, but clothing is a subject I must say a few words about. Usually the casualty turns up in an old suit of his own. In my opinion, a well-equipped wardrobe is just as important as the SGenery. Too oft€n we find that the injured part cannot be exposed sufficiently for adequate treatment to be carried out. Th€ youth who has come off his bicycle and injured his leg, is found to be wearing tight jeans. This makes it impossible to expose the injured part either by pulling them up or letting them down.
This brings me to anotheJ problem, that of embarrassment. A professional nurse or doctor deals with bodies every day of their lives. The human body is no-' more to them than the motor car is to the mechanic. They corne to look upon the human frame as just another piece of meat. If first aiders were in the same position they wemld be just the sam€, but they are not. The first aider, on average, meets once a week for instruction, and may do a duty once a week. It is seld om necessary, even when on duty for the first aider to unrobe a patient. I have no doubt that if the necessity arises, a first aider will do \Vhat is necessary, and think nothing of it. However, most of the time is taken Yp with practice runs fOF what might happen.
It is fot this reason that all mGlck casyalti€s in first aid work should wear bathing costumes under their clothes. The teams should know that the casualty is wearing a bathing
costume and that no embarrassment can be caus ed whatsoever.
This does not mean that when a team examines a casualty the casualty should be stripped down to the bathing costume. Quite the reverse is true. Unnecessary exposure to the cold will lead to further shock, and is to be avoided at all costs. A simple fraG:ture of the femur is better treated by lea ving the trousers on, as removal may lead to the broken bone doing further damage and making the fractUre complicated or compound
On the other hand, a severe -laceration with haemorrhage, may be easier treated by exposing the part, so that adequate dressings may be applied. It is impossible to examine an abdomen unless the abdomen is fully exposed, the knees raised, and the patient is warm.
The judge and casualty must be quite clear in their minds, what they expect the first aider to do under the circumstances and marks must be given accordingly.
ADAM AND EVE
In my experience a women s team, handling a male casualty, are far less embarrassed than a male team handling a female casualty. This may be due to the fact that women are brought up and expected to handle babies, either as a mother, or often as an elder sister, assisting with changing nappies and washing them . As a male I am bound to admit that these chores, in early life, equip them to become more matured nurses than their male counterparts.
There is also the fact that casualty actors seem to be predominantly men. Thus a women's team becomes accustomed to handling a male casualty in practice. This, added to their natural aptitude, gives them an unfair advantage over the male team. Perhaps the ladies will not agree with me in this.
All make-up teams should be familiar with General Regulations Appendix E: namely, Regulations for First Aid and Nursing National Competitions. They should also know the little book: First Aid Competitions and Casualty Makeup. Tests should reach make-up teams at least a fortnight before the event and rehearsals should be arranged during that fQortnight. The necessary staging, and the clothing the are to. wear, should be carefully considered.
BE PREPARED
Those of you in casualty make-up teams are all going to hate what I have to say now. In nine cases out of ten, when a competition is late 22
starting, it is due to the patient not being ready. There is only one other class of person who is usually late , and that, I am sorry to say, is the doctor. He should also be there early, to see the casualty, to make any suggestions he may wish to, to see how the injured part can be exposed, and to decide what clothing it is necessary to take off or loosen in order to examine the casualty. His wishes should be expressed in the Test Sheet under the title Instructions to Casualty, but a discussion with the casualty before the test is essential, if co-operation and team work is to be of high quality.
A dummy run, with an experienced team, before the actual test, is of great help in finding out any snags and imperfections. Without a dummy run, the first team in the test will either be penalised unnecessarily or gain marks unduly.
Having started OUr competition, so to speak, let us now consider what the actor can do to pretend he is suffering from a condition which he really is not.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The respiratory system is unique. It is under control of both the central nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system.
The sympathetic system takes over complete control when we go to sleep or lose consciousness. When we are conscious, it automatically regulates the rate and depth of breathing, according to our needs.
If the body requires more o xy gen such as it does when We exert ourselves, an automatic speeding up of the respiration takes place. If we are resting in an armchair and reading a book, less oxygen is needed and the respiratory rate is automatically reduced.
On the other hand , we can to some extent control our breathing by conscious effort, and this is done by the central nervous system, acting on conscious impUlses from the brain. A child who wants to annoy an over-indulgent parent can hold its breath till it goes blue in the face and even falls down unconscious. At this stage, however, the brain ceases to send out commands by the central nervous system, and the sympathetic system takes over, respiration is restored and consciousness regained.
An adult can breathe rapidly and deeply, and over-ventilate his lungs by conscious effo,rt, so that carbon dioxide is washed out of the lungs and body. Now the mid-brain, which controls respiration, is dependent on
an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood to stimulate respiration. Thus after forced breathing, the patient may cease to breathe b.ec<l:use. there is not enough carbon dIOXIde m the blood to stimulate the mid-brain, and the patient may go blue and even lose consciousness.
Deep breathing does not affect the amount of oxygen in the body as it is contained in the haemoglobin in the blood corpuscles, and is normally saturated. After prolonged apnoea-stopping of breathing-the oxygen content of the falls. This stimulates the mid-bram to make the lung breathe again, which washes out more carbon dioxide, and respiration again stops. This is Cheyne Stokes breathing.
It is the ability to regulate our breathing, for short periods, which enables the acting casualty to breathe deeply or shallowly, according to requirements. It has a range from the steliorous breathing of deep unconsciousness to the shallow breathing of sleep. This combined with make-up of blue lips, pale clammy skin, or a pink flushed face, convey to the competitor the condition you wish to simulate.
CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM
The cario-vascular system is under the complete control of the sympathetic nervous We are quite unable by conscIOUS Impulses from the brain to quicken or slow the pulse or to make it full or weak. I suppose a slight quickening may be brought about by thinking exciting thoughts or a slight slowing by making ourselves calm; but this effect is not great enough to be demonstrated clinically.
The result is that all simulation in the cardio- vascular system has to be done by make-up; but knowing the enthusiasm of some make-up teams, I would not be surprised if tbey did not open a vein to make it look authentic.
The cold clammy skin when the capillaries are contracted , in order to preserve the warmth in the body. The flushed skin, when capillaries are dilated , in order to lose heat from the surface of the skin, and cool the body down. The blue lips and mucus membranes when we convey to the competitor the lack of oxygen in the capillaries. We even have to resort to telling him that the pulse is rapid and feeble, or slow and strong, to convey to him the state of the patient.
BLOOD
Wounds, haemorrhage and bruising can be simulated by make-up . The pain of angina and coronary thrombosis can be described as being deep in the chest and radiating down the left arm or up into the neck, and probably brought on by ex ertion. Also people with chronic
heart failure will often cough up blood stained sputum, and this is easy to simulate.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
AJI acting must come from the higher centres of the bralin and the coutrol they have over the body. We can simulate various depths of unconsciousness, from answering questions when roused, to the stertorous breathing of deep unconsciousness.
We are unable to dilale our pupils at will as these are under control of the' sympathetic nervous system. We are unable to make them unequal as happens with of the brain. There are drugs which can be administered as eye drops , which will do this, but such measures are outside the sCOpe of first aid work. With the aid of make;- up we can suggest that the unconsciousness is due to a fractured skull, by simulating blood from the ear, nose or back of the throat. We can suggest that it is due to alcohol, or diabetic coma, by drinking beer or sucking pear-drops-pear drops have gone out of fashion, but beer is as popular as ever! Whilst on subject, remember that the patlent who smells of alcohol may have a fractured skull as well, and this is one of the most difficult decisions to make in casualty work.
BRAIN INJURY
Concussion is the most common form of brain injury, from which complete recovery is the rule. A concussed patient can impress on the team- most forcibly-that he is concussed, by vomiting over them early in the test. When recovering from concussion, come round slowly. Loss of memory for events before and after the injury is frequent. You as a casualty will only be concerned with the former at the time you are examined. If the test requires you to come round after some minutes have elapsed, you must arrange with the timekeeper to let yo u know w hen; either by giving yo u a tap or announcing the time--five minutes, etc.
On the other hand the test may require you to lapse into deeper unconsciousness as the test goes on. This indicates you are going into contusion or compression, and can be acted by refusing to come round to answer questions , b y breathing more deeply and more noisily , b y blowing bubbles, b y twitching the limbs , and even by generalised convulsions You can' t act with yow· pulse and/or pupils, the examiner will haN to tell them that.
As you lapse into deeper unconsciousness, you can expect to be turned into the coma position , to have them fishing around your mouth for denture s; pulling your eyelids 23
back to show they are noting their condition; and many other very unpleasant manoeuvres. Such is the lot of the patient in a ca sualty make-up team, and there is no union you can complain to..
A seizure or stroke, IS a medIcal condition, which can come on quite suddenly with no history of injury. It is due to a clot of blood or haemorrhage in the brain. It can p araly se any part of the body and affect the speech or memory. Tbe patient may be conscious or UDconscious, and at any level o f unconsciousnes s Paralysis may be present in an pati.ent diagnosable on clinIcal exammatlOn. When you are conscious, the examining you will tell you to raIse an arm or leg in order to find out if they are paralysed. The commone s t form of p aralysis encountered is one side of the bodyhemipare sis.
Hemiparesi s can occur in the uncon sciou s as well as in the con scious patient. In acting paralysis in an uncon scious patient, let the arm flop back in a wooden manner when lifted away fr om the body. The so und arm is more flexible, and ret urn s to the body under some degree of control. To simulate facial paralysis , the mouth is over to one side, when the patient IS asked to show hi s teeth, and speech may be indistinct. The same confusion with alcohol can occur in this condition as in the case of a fractured sku ll.
Fainting is easily simulated and there is no need f or me to descri be it to you. Perbaps b y tradition, the ladies are better at wooning than the men. However , I would remind you that, if you have injuries and they sit yo u up or sta nd yo u up, a fain t is a lw ays good acting.
SPECTACULAR PERFORMANCE
A major epileptic fit is p ro b a bly one of the most spe ctacular acts a casualty can perform. The vaca nt s tare, the twitching of the hand and arm, the fall to the ground face down, the cry as you fall, the few secon ds of rigidity when the tongue is bitten, the generalised convulsions becoming less and less frequent, the incontinence the frothing at the mouth, a nd finally the complete flaccidity. This is followed by a gradual return to consciousness, with the patient remembering nothing o f the incident. All thi s can be acted, even to the incontinence. However , even the most dedicated casu a lty actor is not expected to go this far, not even for the sake of St. John. What I have described ca n be considered as a typical fit. The variations can be legion. Tbe patient invariably falls face down, and can drown in three inches of water. Owing to the advent of new drugs, these major
(Continued 011 pa g e 25)
Cadets and the Adult Divisions-cont. from page 10
their handling of so many cases of actual trauma and illness on public duties over the years should count f@r more consideration in the granting of such certificates.
(Puerile, perhaps-but all are human. Scratch the man and reveal the child!)
There wouLd be no point in considel-ing all these aspects if it did nO't lead us O'n t6 specula1tions as to how the future can be safeguaxded. The tioregoing may be a biased statement but, in a voluntary movement, individual bias cannot be brushed aside. However, St. John must go ON and ON and UP and UP and partisan views must not be allowed to cause dissension and unrest. I would like to provoke consideration of the future pattern along the following lines:
(a) We must all re-dedicate ourselves to the moveme1?-t, subjugating our personal aspirations where they conflict with the overall prosperity and continuance of St. John.
(After all, it's a v oluntary movement, We did not have to join and we need not stay; by its very nature and beginnings , St. John attracted us by what we could give). We must try to create a public image which will cause those outside the movement to respect and admire it. Thus we can encourage the right sort of people to be attracted into membership.
(b) We must go back to the primary purposes for which the Association and then the Brigade were formed, viz:-
(i) To disseminate first aid knowledge;
(ii) To dedicate our knowledge and skill to the hurt and the sick, remembering we have no authority over the general public and, in all humility, first aid can only be offered The casualty has not lost any of his rights just because he has been unfortunate and each of us should be ready to step aside when a doctor or a nurse, or even an obviously more-able first aider, arrives.
(c) Officers above the rank of Area Superintendent must get closer to the feelings and opinions of the rank and file and not live in a " cloud cuckoo land "; those of Ana Superintendent rank and below know only too well the problems of many Divisions slowly falling into dissolution for want of support and renewal of growth and enthusiasm
(d) All of us must realise that the Cadet organisation exists solely as a means of fostering the primary purposes. We cannot hope that all Cadets will join Adult Divisions but we should endeavoUI to instil the principles of service and hope that ex-Cadets may come back, even after many years away, w hen the claims of career, marriage, parenthood, etc., have been met.
(e) Cadet officers must be, first and foremost, dedicated St. J 000 men and women, actively associated with the Adult Division. The policy, prevalent in many areas, of promoting Cadets to Cadet officer rank is perilous; Cadet officers should be selected for their experience of actual active Brigade service, not simply their wish and aptitude to run a youth club.
When Cadet officers in the 1950s shed the white piping on their shoulder-straps there were many difficulties at Divisional level since it seemed every Division acquired, overnight, an extra set of officers (many of whom were not comparable to the former officers in age, service, knowledge-or tact). It would have been wise policy at the time to have "stepped them down one pip" so that the Division did not appear to ha,ve two Superintendents and to equate "duty with Cadets " with the tasks and responsibilities undertaken by, say, Divisional Transport Officer, for and on behalf of the one Divisional Superintendent.
(:Ii) It would be a good thing if those seconded from the Adult Division to organise Cadet Units looked to senior members of the Adult Division to demonstrate and instruct ilil the simple first aid and home nursing aspects, whilst they themselves concentrated on installing a 24
respect for all St. John stands for and a,n enthusiasm in the Cadets, causing them to be eager to take part when their turn oomes to "ea:rry the torch."
Cadets need only be t aught the rudiments, since they are not old enough to appreciate that, whether a Colles 's fracture or sprained wrist can be diagnosed, the first aid treatment is the same. (The Divisional Secretary who grumbled about a Cadet scrawling in the Incident Book for Theatre Duty, " OM woman, adominal (sic!) pain Refused treatment" may have been a little unmindful of a bO'y's eagerness but he certainly knew Bligad e Regulations better than the Cadet officer who took th e case up for the lad. N.B.- This really happened.).
(g) Cadets must be made to see that the purpose of the Cadet movement is t o provide the m ai n source o f replacement of the gaps, by age-wastage an,d other losses , in the Adult Division. They must acquire an eagerness for the promotion and advancement open to them at 16 years of age. Their training in first aid whilst in the Cadets should not have been such that they feel bore d and blase at the first Adult Certificate cou rse they are eligible to attend. They should accept, as a matter of course, that, despite Grand Prior Badge, Cadet Leader status or Duke of Edinburgh award they join the Adult Division at Ambulance Member level.
(h) The aoquisition of the Medallion should be a prerequisite before anyone, however he joins the Adult Division, can go on to courses aimed at Intermediate or Advanced first aid certification.
(i) In the current transition stage, all members of th e Adult Division who hold the Medallion should be eligible, if they so desire, to be examined for th e Advanced First Aid Certificate, and-to deal with the present state of affairs since examining doctors are hard to get-the possession of N .H.S. R. Ring an,d Star Badges (500 hours N.H.S.R. training), or St. John Service Medal should entitle one to the Advanced First Aid Certificate at once and subsequent re-examination of all such members should be on the whole Manual, not just th e red-edged pages
(j) The subtleties of attempting to diagnose a Colles's or Bennetts' fracture, or Intra-capsular fracture of neck or femur, vis-a.-vis a dislocation of the hip-joint, should b e avoided in training and competitions. We are first aiders not imitation doctors and it is our job to arrange safe transport to hospital where, supported by X-ray and other services, the fully-qualified Casualty Officer can determine the divergent treatment of such closely-similar cases, and, where doubt exists call upon the specialist orthopaedic consultant to undertake the furthe r diagnosis.
(k) No limits need be placed upon the pursuit of academic knowledge, but we have no licence to practise and we must avoid the absurdities of a Cadet (or an y other novice for that matter!) asking, at the An y Questions stage of the doctor's talk to the First Aid Adult Certificate Class, " how he would decide when to cut the umbilical cord at an emergency childbirth!" The shoemaker must stick to his last and we must be careful at all times to work well within the boundaries of our knowledge and capabilities To this end it would have been far more useful if the new Man,ual had helped the first aider to assess the approximate blood loss (and record it in a sensible message to hospital) of the case "lying in a pool of blood" instead of blinding him with science about Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes.
(l) There must be greater respect for the ranks and hierarchy within the Division Corporals and Sergeants must be given defined duties and enhan,ced status. They should be encouraged to become demonstrators or lay instruotors, giving service as such not only at Divisional instructional meetings but to Cadets, Women's Institute and Townswomen's Guild groups, adult first aid classes , Boy Scouts and kindred organisations. Divisional officers should delegate more and more of such duties, leaving themselves freer for such duties as are performed b y
adjutants and slffiHar "commanding" or "executive" officers in the services.
(m) Above all we must achieve a new pride in b elonging to Sf. John Whenever we wear uniform we are adding to or d etracting from the public image. Even when we stand, idle but alert , on the side-l ines. For the sake of the image, let us not say "O.K., Charli e," when given an order on public duty and by the same token, let no Divisional officer say, in the bearing of the public, " Put your gloves on a nd sta nd up straight, damn you" as was overheard in Fleet Street during Sir Winston Ch urchill 's funeral.
Now then, fellow members -es pecially members seconded for · Ca det duties-what are your views? Remember tbere is no point in contention or dispute just for partisan reasons; we must suggest what is best for the movement, which existed ere we joined and must go on after we have departed.
For obvious reasons I would like to hide my identity under a nom-de-plume so that no one can identify the examples I have given (all are authentic-but I bave no wish to offend). I hope even tbose who disagree with all I have said will not doubt the sincerity or scorn the professe d purpose of- DAMON.
AUTHOR'S NOTE:
(A nom-de-plum e which I invent ed as a backwardloo king NOMAD but, when you consider that Damon !V as th e famous sophist banish ed for his political v i ews, may be mor e appropriat e than I had, at first, thou g ht.)
C asualty Acting- cont. from page 23
fi ts are seldom seen these days , but in mental deficiency ho spi tals they ar e still quite frequent.
NO SLAP IN THE FACE
There is no need for me to describe an hysterical fit, but in pass ing I would point out how treatme nt has changed with the popularity of psychotherapy. Today, if you are si mulating an hysteric, you ca n look fo rward to the kindest of treatment, reass urance and understanding. A few years ago you were liable to get a bucket of cold wa ter over you, a nd a sl ap in the face.
In first aid work the difference be tween insulin and diabetic coma is non -existent. Indeed, when the pat ient gets to hospital, the diagnosi s is only made by carrying out urine a nd blood tests. The casualty has to convey which condition he is suffering from by the history. "I had insulin an bour ago and missed my meal ," or "I forgot to take my insulin."
THE ACUTE ABDOMEN
The simulation of the acute ab domen is an art in itself. I read in the papers, some months ago, that an individual had got this down to such a fine art, that he went round the country calling in at casualty departments, and acting so well as to get himself admitted to hospital time after time. In this way he obtained free board and lodging for a few days. I presume he gave up acting as soon as he was admit-
Letter
Dear Editor, I was at the recent Rugby International between England and Wales at Twickenham.
From my po sit ion in the crowd I could see the various activities of the St. John Ambulance Brigade on duty. I noticed something which I thought was interesting and that was what appeared to be a mobile radio station. This was very bu sy during the afternoon and it was quite exciting to watch ambulances shoot in, radio operators jump on, and then ambulances shoot out again.
Two things which puzzled me were: (a) Two yo ung men who were wearing different uniforms to the rest. These chaps just had a grey shirt, beret , white haversack and on their arms they had stripes, they had what I supposed must have been a radio badge, that is a red badge on their chest. These two lads erected the aerial and dismantled it afterwards. They r u she d out with radios when there was trouble and did many other things. I would like to know who they are? (b) The other thing was that on the side of the station it had "London (Prince of Wales's) Di strict". Were these people a special contingent down for the Wales match?
One of my friends (a St. John's man) told me about your magazine. I have therefore ordered it from my news agent. Would you please therefore an article on these radio people
Best wishes to=St. John, Yours sincerely, F. L. Gaber, London W.3
The Editor would be glad if the reader who p romise d an article on this subject nearly eighteen months ago would take the hint. Or any other reader with radio control experience who would care to submit an article (either technical, i.e., the mechanics or details of how, where and when the operation has been s uccessful) would be a most welcome contribution.
ted, otherwise he would find hime]f on the operating table, but he go t himself admitted for observation time after time. Many types of acute abdomen have a raised temperature. This is easy to simulate by having a hot drink just before the temperature is taken, or by washing the mouth out with hot water.
DIFFICULT DIAGNOSIS
It is often very difficult for a physician to distinguish one type of acute abdomen from another. FO'r the first aider it is impossible.
First let me remind you what an a cute abdomen is. The contents of the abdomen, liver, bowels, stomach, kidneys, spleen, etc. are all covered by a membrane, in parts called the mesentry, which supplies them with blood vessels in that mesentry. These all glide smoothly over one another. If, however, an inflamed appendix bursts , or a peptic ulcer penetrates the bowel, foreign fluid escapes into the abdominal cavity and causes inflammation. This is felt by the patient as acute abdominal pain which may be felt all over the abdomen, or in only one section of it if the inflammation is localised.
Another form of acute abdomen is when the patient is passing a kidney stone or gall ston e. In the case of a kidney sto ne the pain will be on the side of the abdomen which is affected, and the pain will usually radiate from the loin to the groin. In the case of a gall stone the pain will be over the gall bladder area, and the section of the abdomen over the affected organ will be painful and tender. Other forms of acute a bdomen can be encountered in accidents, when the abdomen has received a blow or stab wo und. This may have ruptur ed a spleen or liver causing haemorrhage into the ab dom inal cavi ty. In these cases , the general signs of internal haemorrhage will be accompanied by the signs of acute abdomen. In such ac cidents the bladder , intestines or other organs may be r uptured) allowing their contents to escape into the ab dominal cavity. These injuries will also cause the signs of acute abdO'men.
(Continued on page 27)
25 . The abdomen is held rigid and on palpation the patient experiences pain when pressure of the hand is applied to it.
John WarburtOu
LOVE is essential in dIe lives of all young things-but it is not enough, you must know how to look after them.
T HERE is an unfortunate tendency for young puppies to be taken away from the mether before they have been properly weaned. For this reason alone it is always to buy puppies from a breeder or from a pnvate owner whose bitch has had a litter.
Puppies obtained from Dealers, Pet Shops Vendors are an unknown quantity and through mlXmg others may have been exposed to distemper and other VlTUS infections which are all too common when a lot of young puppies are collected together from various sources. There is also the danger they may harbour fleas and lice. The €xpression "SOLD A PUP" can be all too true.
Before purchase always pick up the pup and see that a heavy Goat is not hiding a skinny body. The eyes should be bright and clear and the nose free from discharge of any kind. The pup should be playful and full of life and limbs straight. If the pup is unweaned, the of seeing the bitch with the rest of the Thl.S WIll gIVe you a good idea of what the pup of your choIce WIll gro.w to be and also the health and vigour of the rest of the litter. note of the motions lying about the run, they should be firm, with no signs of diarrhoea.
If there seems to be a lot of scratching among the htter, make a close examination of the coat, parting the hair, paying particular attention to the regions behind the and elbows and also on the back near the root of the tall. Look for the black specks of flea dirt, ivory specks the size of a pin's head, which may be hce. The skin. should be clean and free from bald patches or pimples. While fleas and lice can be cleared up without much difficulty, there are Gertain skin diseases such as mange that cause a lot of tr.ouble and are difficult to cure. If you suspect that the pup IS not healthy or has some skin disease, ask the vend?r to supply a veterinary certificate, to the effect that the pup IS healthy and free from disease or failing this ask if you may take the pup to a veterinary to have it examined. If you have any doubt at all, this is far the best course to take and may sa:,e you a lot of trouble and exp.ense. Most reputable approve this course and the purchase pnce If any disease is found, but 1D the you must have the examination carried out withm forty-eIght hours of purchase. It is most unreasonable to complain after you have had the pup for several days. Always buy a pup that has been properly and to make sure see it eat some food before you take It away. It has found that puppies thrive perfectly well on only three meals in twenty-four hours. In any case, four hours should elapse between feeds. 26
CARE AND MANAGEMENT of PUPPIES
From the sixth week of life the puppy begins to want more varied diet than its mother 's milk . It begins to gnaw and take in small quantities with some of its mother 's It is also engaged in teething and likes to gnaw at a bISCUI t or rusk to relieve the tension in its gums and help the teeth through. The best way to start a puPpy on meat is to let it some minced or scraped meat. At thIS stage cereals can be in the form of porridge and the remains custards nulk puddings. Remember that cereals contaill somethmg tha t prevents the absorption of lime from the and tha t rickets may develop on a cereal dIe.t unless fat IS gl:,en as well.
The best way is to add to the mtlk on the porndge a teaspoon or two of condensed milk. All changes of diet shoul d be made gradually, so that the stomach may adapt itself t the change of work it has to do.
It is advisable to give a puppy two or thre.e drops of halibu t liver oil every day (or a teaspoon of hver od). The res t of the vitamins required be supphed by one or tw 1 Vitamin B tablets (or a pIece of yeast the Size of a haze nut) each day.
Meat and the present-day cereals are defiCIent thes e unless the puppy is given internal organs, such as lIver ane tripe, as part of its food The only. other COHID1.0ro deficiencies are the mmerals whIch the WIld dog obtam c from the blood and bones of its prey. meal.at the rat e of a teaspoon a day will make sme th1S defiCIency doe not occur.
The new puppy should be given a box or basket and sh?ul be expected to go to it when told, and to sleep there ilIght
Most people tend to over-exercise, and. allow the children t o overtire, puppies. Apart from a r00'P ill the garden and tl: exercise they give themselves, there IS no need for much mOl e until the puppy reaches six or seven months of age.
He should be got used to a collar and lead by gradua l stages. This can be done indoors, before walks abroad ar e undertaken.
House training requires patience and mis takes must not beroughly punished, or the nerve of the arumal may be des· troyed and he may become untrustworthy through fear. It is surprising how often it is forgotten that a dog water to drink. There should always be a bowl for hIm a l some suitable place about the house.
As he grows up it will not be to feed morc, than twice a day. Aim at as vaned a diet as pOSSIble. The: best dog biscuits are those made from flour, bu an exclusive biscuit diet is bound to lead to Ill-health unles meat, milk, fish, and fats are occasionally given. Most from six months of age are the better for bones to eat nov. and again THOUGH KNUCKLE BONES, FISH RABBIT, ANn BIRD BONES MUST AYOIDED as they have a way of getting stuck or of break.mg JJ1: to sharp fragments that may lacerate stomach and.IDtestme.
Give a Vitamin B tablet dally. When .he IS 'past puppyhood he will keep in good health on a mIxed do g biscuit as its main constituent. Failing dog b1scUIt, brown bread makes the best substitute. .,
Here is a simple recipe for making dog bISCUItS at 1 lb. wholemeal flour, 2 oz. dripping or other fat; mIx 1
(Continued on facing pa ge)
Casualty Acting-cont. from page 25
In simulating the acute abdomen you will be suffering [rom shock and 1 will be telling you abotlt this soon. You will not be able to hold one section of the abdomen rigid, as may happen in actual ca ses, but will have to hold the entire ab dominal wall rigid. You will express pain by grimaces and groans, when that part of the abdomen is palpated where the pain is situated, as for example the upper abdomen when a perf orated gastric ulcer is being simulated. Do not make too much noise, a badly shocked patient never does. It is the hysteric who m a ke s the mo s t noise. Whilst it may impress the spectators, it is bad acting.
SHOCK
Whilst on the subject of s hock, let me remind you that it is present in practically every case you will have to simulate to a greater or lesser exten t. I t is the one thing the teams never mis s, as they know it is always p rese nt. They go through the signs an d symptoms with monotonous regularity; pallor, sweating, cold clammy skin, etc. It is fairly easy to make up a sho cked person, but the ac ting is of a negative variety The shocked person speaks quietly a nd if he is hurt by the neces sitie s of the exami natio n or grimaces and groans rather than shouts. Whil t you may be made up to look shocked your sk in will be warm to the touch The really shocked patient will often be shivering, you can give an occasional shudde r, but this is the limit of your acting. As I have alrea d y mentioned, yo u can not alter yo ur pulse rate, but you can simulate air-hunger a nd thirst.
THE HEART
Perhaps the most dramatic medical cme.·gency (now we have external cardiac massage), is angina and coronary thrombosis. The symptoms are very similar. With angina, however, the attack always comes on with exertion but a coronary thrombosi s can corne on without exertion and even at rest in bed. Shock is pre sent in both, but is far more severe in thrombosis than in angina.
In angina, the onset of pain is [(J dden, increases quickly and subsides gradualJy. It may vary in degree from slight discom for t, to intense angu ish. The pain is u sually across the front of the chest, o f ten on the left, but may radiate down the left arm, into the abdomen or back, or up into the neck The breathing is u suall y restricted. If the patient is in motion he usually becomes immobile and remains so. With the cessation of effort the pain quickly sub side s The pain is accompanied by anxiety out of proportion to its intensity. The expression of the face is anxious, the pulse rate varies from case to case, an d the duration of the attack is from a few secon ds to a few minutes.
The pain in coronary thrombosis is similar in di s tribution , but the shock is more severe, the shortness of breath more pronounced , and there may be vomiting. Coronary thrombosis can come on without exertion, even at rest in bed. In coronary thrombosis the pain can persist for hours. Unlike angina, the patient is u su ally restless, and the pulse rate is often irregular. It is so metimes difficult to distinguish between an attack of angina and
Care and Management of Puppies-cont.
milk, milk and water, or water alone. First warm the dripping and work into the flour. Add the fluid and make a stiff dough , and shape to a convenient size. If the dough is shaped into a long sausage before baking, it will be found convenient for feeding, when pieces are broken off.
Cows' milk is weaker in fat, compared with bitches milk and may cause a digestive upset. The following formula will help to adjust the difference:
Cows' milk 7 oz., Plasmon or casein powder 1 oz., water 2 oz., cream 1 oz.
A dog is all the better for a daily grooming with a brush, and in a long-haired breed regular combing is also required to avoid tangled mats in the coat. Any signs of fleas or lice should be dealt with promptly by a dusting of insect powder allover the dog , on his bed, and on the floor in the neigh bourhood of the bed. The pybuthrin and derris containing insect powders are the best; they are long-acting, and a couple of applications with seven to ten days between usually suffice both for lice and fleas.
If the newly acquired puppy becomes dull and listless , or lacks appetite, take careful note as it may be the first signs of an illness.
27
coronary thrombosis, but the symptoms of thrombosis are usually far more severe.
CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE
The other type of heart trouble is congestive cardiac fa ilure. In this condition there is no sudden dramatic attack. It is a chronic state, lasting for months or years. The patient is blue and short of breath, the pulse irregular, the feet and legs swo llen, and the patient often has a cough.
The subject of casualty make-up is as vast as first aid and even medicine itself.
I hope this article will be of some help to the numerous casualty makeup teams which are to be found throughout the Brigade.
As a parting thought; everyone who takes up this work must be psychologicaUy stable. I have told you the tale of the man who went about the country getting himself admitted to hospital and obtaining free board and lodging; the idea of psychopathic casualty actors bamboozling unsuspecting young housemen throughout the country does not bear thinking about!
NOTIINGHAM '68
A report on the Conference will appear in the next issue. In the meantime the editor' s thanks to those who filled in the questionnaire, which are being sorted and the summary presented to the " Re view" Management Board on October 30, and then i n the DeGember number together with any comments the Board may make.
If this abnom1al behaviour lasts for more than a few hours take him to a clinic or surgery and act on the advice of th€ veterinary smgeon. Many puppies suffer from worms, and digestive troubles due to unsuitable feeding.
If the puppy has a distended stomach some hours after a meal or has vomiting and diarrhoea , treatment is needed. Don't go to a shop and buy a few pills. The treatment for worms or any other complaint is a highly skilled business and requires sound knowledge.
Too many puppies contract distemper and other virus diseases. Not only will the puppy's life be endangered, but the after effects may well lead to chronic ill-health for the rest of its life
There is now a vaccine available to protect puppies against these diseases. Your nearest clinic or veterinary surgeon will be able to advise you about these inoculations and their cost , which is money well spent.
Issued by
THE ROYAL SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIlVIALS
105 Jermyn Street, London, S W l. 'Phone: Whitehall 7177
JUDGES:
Men's Team Test: Dr. A. H. Jones, of Croydon. Women's Team Test: Dr. J. L. W. Johnson, of Cromford. Individual Tests:
Dr. J. S. Binning, of Harpenden.
Dr. J. M. Jackson, of Blackheath.
Dr. H L. Sparrow, of Ealing.
Dr. H. G. Jeffs, of Catford.
D irector-General, Sir Philip Southwell, presided at the presentation ceremony: Sir Henry Jones , ChaIrman, G as Council, presented the championship trophies and individual plaques. T he winners will represent the Gas Industry in the Grand Prior's Trophy Competitions.
FmE BRIGADES NATIONAL FmST AID COMPETITIONS 1968
1
Mr. G H Merrell, D eputy Chief Fire Oftiicer, Birmingham, presided at the presentation
Sir D ayid Wilkinson, Bt., D.S C., St. John Ambulance, Association Director, presented the St. John the Baptiste Trophy to the CIty and County of Bristol Team and individual plaques to members of the first three teams.
The City a nd County of BristGI Te am will represent the Fire Brigades in the Grand Prior's Trophy Competition for Men , t o be held at Seymour Hall, L ondon, W.1, on Thursday, November 21, 1968. 28
TARA-RA-BOOM-DE-A
Those of you who have seen, are seeing, or hope to see "Gone with the Wind" will realize why the "TARA" Ball was held at Hurl ingham , where the great horne is not dissimilar to the great home in Atlanta: a more fitting site for the Bali cannot be imagined. Although sales of tickets had been disappointing, the place looked full before the evening really started. There were programme sellers from London District in their neat St. John uniform; there were the members of the Junior Committee, so ably luanaged by the Hon . Georgina Stonor, putting the finishing touches to the Tombola; there were pipers ' and dancers from the Irish Guards mingling with models from " Clive" as each retheir. entrance; there was Des Brown testing the llghtmg for hIS Phaze One discotheque in competition with Bill Savill's band tuning up. In the midst the staff of the Hurlingham Club moved unmoved about their business. Whilst overall, explaining, exhorting, cajoling but never threatenmg, strolled that attractive figure Lady Trefgarne, a striking example of cool, dignified efficiency. But, on with the motley, there is much to do; raffle tIckets to sell, lucky programme numbers to collect, dancing an.d always,. of course, the tombola with its rows of splendid pnzes so kmdly donated by well wishers. In addition of course, supper and wine and beautiful women (or do' we call them all pretty girls so late at night.)
The invitation had said "o ptional period costume" and a number of people had suitably disguised themselves. Whilst during dinner " Clive's" pretty models showed us how the female:: form will disguise itself this winter. The display by the Insh Guards was well worth watching, not least by those who welcomed the temporary silence of the discotheque
Then came the climax of the evening with the draw for the raffle prizes by Miss Susan Holden of Willesden Cadet Nursing Div. Our best wishes go to Mr. E. E. Spiers of Oxford for a really splendid trip to Paris. There was some excitement amongst those of us " in the know" when the Stilton cheese, pride of the tombola, remained unwon for so long. It made its presence felt during the evening and was clearly ill no mood to be returned to the little cupboard the stairs. But eventually it was carried proudly away by Its new owner.
The end was in sight and we started counting the spoils. It had been a great evening. Once again St. John is grateful to its many friends for a further few hundred pounds for the funds.
And so to bed.
APPEALS CORNER
By Colonel W. L. R. BENYON, Appeals Organiser
Our grateful thanks are due to the following for their generous gifts received since the last issue.
Pearl Assurance Co. Ltd.
Bovril Ltd.
We have temporarily run out of gimmicks and the like but we shall be back with one next month. Meanwhile we are still hoping that some of our readers (if any) will come up with a bright idea or two for us.
1. In children this symptom often indicates spread of infection from the throat.
5. Make ready for action from elbow to wrist.
9. Is purely becoming a cause of pain in the chest.
10. Calf twisted on a bird of pre y.
11 Air later for haemorrhage requiring immedia te attention.
13 May describe the present age.
15 Point about 25cm. from the normal eye.
16. Arrangement of its constituents determines hereditary characteristics .
18 Tube passing through the duodenum.
19. Thousand with intention to cripple.
22. Charming old method of preventing illness.
23. J oint structure composed of game wrapped in lint.
24. Associations of craftsmen.
25. Embarrassing spasm of diaphragm.
27. A girl , formerly editor, took possession.
28. Lunged for Ned after twelve months.
DOWN
1 Account for broken axle-pin.
2. Old port is source of ergot.
3. Drug used by anaesthetists and South American Indians to relax muscles.
4. Tube connecting pharynx and middle ear
6. Response of body to injection of a foreign protein for example. .
7. Change shape of eye lens to focus on nearer of more distant object.
8 Mole can produce aid to vision.
12. Urgently required when there is severe blood loss
14 . Limit to the amount that can be dissolved .
17 Would this organ be described in a supplement to a book on surgery?
18. Synonymous with 1 across.
20. Blood shown by agglutination tests to be compatible with that of recipient.
21. A little science in First Aid for tissue forming muscle sheaths.
26. Maybe Grecian with foot and swelling body .
·Money for Nothing
N0W come on all you "do it yourself" fund raisers. Most of you are always moaning and groaning that you have not got enough money and that you do not know whcne to turn to get any more, when all the time there it is sitting under your very nose waiting to be picked up. Mind you, I am not saying that this can be done all day and everyday or by everybody. You have got to have some sense to start with and a little bit of you-know-what in the right place as well. But, without letting the proverbial pussy out of her conventional container, too soon, · let me 'Say at once that with a modicum of the basic stuff, a few siimple tools and a little ingenuity, you can be on your way befo re anyone can say "Bob's your Uncle," or any other relative for that matter.
First of all find the "Basic." I'll warrant that if you look around almost anywhere you will find all sorts of funny little amounts put away for a rainy day or to use on that project of old Fred's that never came off, or to h(dp that social that someone else fixed up in the end. Of course, a lot of the stuff may be earmarked for something special and has got to be kept safe, but that need not stop you making the fullest use of it in the meanwhile, provided you do not lose it of course.
It is all a question really of where you keep the muck. Some people just pop it in a bank, where it certainly will not get lost but where it is not much use to anyone either. Others lend it to a bank or to the Post Office for a small return. Here again it is quite safe and will accumulate a little but only at an annual rate of peanuts and you have to live a long time to get very fat on that. Others again, I'll be bound, keep it in an old sock under the bed. "Ah! but" you will say, "it is perfectly safe there, even if it will not breed." Perfectly safe my foot, wait till you send the sock to the laundry, or someone else does, or you give it to the local "Bring and Buy" and see how safe it is!
No, no, no, that is not the way at all. Put all these little bits and pieces together and see how much you
have got then. Talk to neighbouring Centres and Divisions and see what they can rake up. You will very soon find that, between you, there is quite a fair amount. This stuff is much easier to handle in quantity; the more you have the better use you can make of it. Yes, I know, that is obvious but what I mean to say is that the larger the amount the greater the opportunities for making it grow on its own without any effort on your part at all.
Go along to your local Town Hall and ask the Treasurer if he would like to take care of it for youhe will not take small amounts but suppose you have collected a thousand pounds or five hundred might do in small places and you will be surprised how polite he is and he will probably offer you an annual growth rate of 8 per cent or thereabouts on it. Accept at once and go out and buy a little book to jot down the different amounts and who they belong to as well as the interest when it comes along. You may even be able to get the old bank to do this for you, if you are still on speaking terms.
Now there is one very small snag. You may find that if you want to use any of the doings, the Treasurer wi1l insist on having at least seven days' notice. Of course, a bank will say the same; for small amounts the Post Office is quicker and the old sock is, of course, instantaneous, provided it is still there! In any case are you really going to go bust in seven days!
Anyway, I expect by now you see the idea and can devise a plan best suited to your own circumstances , but in any case please, please do not leave the stuff lying around doing nothing, and get rid of that old sock. Check in three months' time to see how much you have gained and you may even feel like sending me a Christmas present.
Actually, I prefer cheques. Good luck.
A.B.C. FOR NURSING IN THE HOME
patients at home is a situation which faces people often when they least expect it, and a knowledge of how to cope can give them, and their patients, some measure of confidence. The following notes are designed as a general guide to those who have not taken a course, as well as to refresh the memory of those already qualified.
ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS. Use antisep.tic for soaking hands after contact with infectious patient, or as a mouthwash. Soak bed-clothes used by infectious patient and instruments used to dress septic wounds in disinfectant. Suitable preparations are Savlon or Dettol.
BED-PANS AND URINALS. These should never be kept in the sickroom. Nor should specimens of stools or uriRe. Note the colour, consistency, amount and any unusual appearance and report to the doctor.
BED-SORES. Caused by giving atld taking away a bed];lan roughly. Wrinkles and crumbs in bed. Leaving patient too long in one position. Dampness.
For Better for Worse
By Thelma Parker
I SHOULD have realised from the first that he was different. He arrived at my house to collect me for our first date, complete with uniform, spotless white haversack and a little black bag , and announced that he would be " on duly " at the cinema we intended to visit. Well, I thought, at le:lst his approach is refreshingly different. (How different , I was to discover only too well in the ensuing months , that have lengthened eventually into fifteen years of marriage, to a very nice husband and the St. John Ambulance Brigade.)
On arrival at the cinema, we were shown by the usherette into the two back stalls, his usual place, he quickly pointed out, so he could be fOUD?, immediately he was needed. Needed for what exactly, I ventured.
I soon found out. Halfway through the big film, a young man staggered up the aisle , tapped my escort on the shoulder, and collapsed in a heap on the carpet. I was horrified, but nothing daunted, all was qUIckly organised by the young man beside me , and soon the patient was being treated in the manager s office. Delayed concussion apparently, caused by a particularly rough game of rugger lhat afternoon
This was the first of many such incidents. He seemed to be always on the spot when needed Twice I was with him when people had epileptic fits in the street, and. of course he was often late for d a tes through transportmg injured football players and olher sports casualties to hospital.
Soon after our first meeting he became the officer in charge of a Cadet Division , and now of course there was never a dull moment.
W.L.R.B.
While other young couples of our acquaintance were enjoying themselves at and other we were running Cadet Soc1als and attendmg competitions of all kinds. It wasn't long before the Division was on the map, and I was as proud as w!Ien team he had trained so hard, became National FIrst Aid champions, besides winning many other competitive events.
gruelling journey through several heavy traffic jams, 10 face a steady drizzle of rain and much work to be done and said: " Please sir, I th ink I would like to go home. "
We took our little daughter for the first time when she was eighteen months old. Both our children love life and the fun of having so many people to play WIth, and sleeping in a tent is a great adventure.
My daughter is now a Cadet Junior and my six-yeru:old son can't wait to join.
Our life is always busy, full and interesting. My husband is, of course, out a great deal, but the .evenings he is at home are very precious to us and we enJoy them to the full. I also have an interest now that my children are older, and this year attended a weekend while my husband stayed at home and coped WIth the family.
How, you may ask, have I found time .write tbis. Why my husband is away on a weekend trammg course, with the S.J.A.B., naturally.
M.I (See cover picture)
D/S/O. Michael Young (District H.Q.); D/S. Miss Irene Bray; N/M. Miss Grace Reay; N/M. Miss Margaret Hallam; D/O. Miss Susan Holden; N/M. Miss Denise Chennell-all of the Willesden Nursing Division. D/O. Miss Susan Vickers,lJfordN.D.;N/M. Miss SheiJa Fenton, EaIing N.D.; N/M. Miss Rosina Goddard and N/M. Miss Janice Grant, Hanwell N.D.; D/S. P. Wray and A/M. Richard Martin, Ilford A.D.; D/O. David Watson, Edmonton A/C. Division; D/S. Colin Reeder and A/M. Colin Tyne, Enfield A.D.; A/M. David Fenton and A/M. Roger Hills, Ealing A.D.; Cpl. Leonard Dabidge, A/M. Maurice Ryan and A/M. Brian Buckley, Paddington A.D.; D/S. George Albray, Alverstoke Ambulance Cadet: Division, Hants.; D/S/O. B. R. Maharaj, Fiji.
A.B.C. for Nursing in the Home-cont.
MEDICINES. Give all medicines strictly to time and ma ke a note of any reaction , i.e., vomit after taking Always check label on bottle Or box both before and af ter pouring out. Keep out of reach of children.
DRA W SHEET. Fold sheet length-ways , place across bed for fold to reach just under pillow. Tuck in enough to hold sheet on one side and make flat roll of the rest and tuck in on other side When sheet gets hot or crumpled draw clean portion through under patient.
FLUIDS. Unless doctor instructs to the contrary, encourage the patient to drink plenty of water. Keep jug covered. If required , remember to keep accurate record of amount taken. Fruit juices may be allowed , if so let patient choose.
FOODS. Serve meals attractively and punctuallygive as much variety as possible, but be sure to keep to any diet instructions-always wash hands before preparing food.
HOT WATER BOTTLES. Never use boiling water. Always use cover and place bottle outside first blanket. Take particular care with elderly or paralysed people as they can easily be burned. If bottle is old replace it before it bursts.
(Continued on facing page)
PREVENTED by regular attention to shoulders, hips, buttocks, elbows and heels: (a) Frequent changing of the patient's position-every two or three hours. Use air rin gs, sorbo pads and carefully placed pillows; (b) The 30 skin should be left clean and dry. If incontinence occurs, the skin should be washed at once, and a silicone barrier cream applied, bought from a good chemist. Incontinent disposable pad may be used.
Nol for us rela x ing holida ys for two at a sunny coastal resort. The first holiday after our marriage (we did manage a wonderful honeymoon all alone) , we took the Cadets camping.
It rained a good part of the lime, and the field became very muddy indeed , but I had a good pair of gumboots and a plastic mac, and really who could want for more
One little lad on a particularly wet morning informed me that I made " lousy porridge, " but no doubt there was a great deal of truth in his remark. I had never n: ade it before and must admit it did leave mucb to be deSIred .
The one thing that made everything worth while for me however was the delight and excitement of one small boy who had never before seen the sea. It was a windy afternoon and rather chilly but he ran down to the water ' s edge and stared at the foaming waves as they lashed the beach " Cor," he said , " isn't it smashing. " He had very little pocket money , but one day he rushed up to me and shyly thrust into my hand a rather sticky chocolate biscuit wrapped in silver foil , which he had purchased for me at the village store. My thanks somehow seemed quite inadequate.
We have had many camping holidays since then and many amusing experiences, from the little boy, sturdy and tough, who stoutly declared that he wasn't homesick in the least, but crept out each to place a phone call, reversed charge of course, to hIS mother, to the white-faced ten-year-old away from home for the first time. He stepped ou of the lorry after a long and 31
OBSERVATION. Note how patient looks and behaves. The amount of food and drink taken. The amount of sleep and rest. If patient has pain , If bowel an.d bladder a ction is normal or if anything unusual I S noticed If there is bleeding or v omiting.
REST. Encourage patient to rest and keep him as quiet a s possible , but do not whisper a nd tiptoe about unnecessarily as this often irritates a patient more than normal speaking and movement.
SICKROOM. Unnecessary furniture should be removed. Spare table on which hand bowl and towels can be kept for nurse's use. Also table for thermometer, medicines, etc.
Make sure the patient can attract your attentionleave a stick, bell or whistle within easy reach-always answer so that patient knows you ha v e heard.
TEMPERATURE, PULSE AND RESPJRATION. Do not take temperature, pulse and respiration immediately after a meal. Leave thermometer in for half a minute longer than the time stated on it. Take at regular intervals as instructed . Accuracy is important.
WHEELCHAIRS, crutches, bed-pans, etc., can be borrowed, for a very small charge, from your local St. John or Red Cross Medical Loan Depot.
Remember that the St. John and Red Cross Home Service Ambulance can belp patients attending hospitals, ask your doctor to arrange this. ••••••
ADVERTISEMENTS-CLASSIFIED
ADVERTISING AGENTS
T. G. Scott & Son Ltd.,!, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.C.2. (Tel.: 01-405 4743)
FOR SALE
ORGANISERS of Bazaars, Fetes and Fund Raising. We welcQme both personal buyers and mail orders for our extensive range of Toys, Stationery, Cbristmas Cards and Seasonal Lines at Wholesale Prices. send for our Price Lists. Also Internationally Distributed Pre-Selected Parcels: 144 6d. Toys OR 72 Is. Toys OR 42 Is. lId. Toys OR Selection Toys Is. to 5s. lId. OR Selection
Assorted Stationery OR Christmas Cards. Each Parcel 54s., plus 4s. 6d. postage. Two or more Parcels 6s. postage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2a, Handsworth Road, London, N .17. (2)
LESS · THAN 3d. EACH: 144 Fuii-Iength Conway Stewart Ball Point Pens die-stamped in gold with your Brigade or Charity for only 35s. Pencils printed for the same priGe. Please print your slogan (maximum 30 letters) and add 4s. 6d. standard carriage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LTD., 2aHandsworth Road, London, N.17 (3)
Cased Crested Cuff Links, 57s. 6d. Medal ribbons Is. 6d . each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform, 2s eaGb ribbon mounted on pin brooch; Regulation medals mcmnted 3s. 6d. per medal on brooch. Miniatures quotoo for.-MONTAGUE Outfitter, St. Giles Street. Northampton. (4)
BALL-PENS, Diaries , Note Pads, Keys, Fobs, Pencils, etc., Gold-stamped Brigade name or Personal names raise funds quickly-easily. Details-Northern Novelties, Uradford, 2. (5)
FUND RAISING MADE EASY WITH PENCILS AND BALL POINT PENS! Pencils by Rowney with HB black lead in the OFFICIALLY APPROVED colours-silver , white and blue, overprinted in black ink with S.J.A. details and badge. Also pens by Conway Stewart available in eight duo-colours, ink printed with S.J.A. details and badge Increase your funds fast-write today for free samples and price booklet to the AUTHORISED PRESS LTD., Dept. F., P.O. Jilox 60, Mosscar Street, Bradford, 3.
RAISE £££'8 FOR YOUR GROUP
HIGH PR0FITS MADE BY OUR -FAST SELLING LlNESCHRISTMAS AND BIRTHDAY. PACKS. DECORATIONS, WRAPPINGS, FANCY GIFTS, STATIONERY. TABLEWARE.
WILTON, AXMINSTER, ORIENTALS, Etc. FREE U.K. Chinese. Indian. Persian Carpets and Rugs a speciality. Expert fitting arranged if required. Write stating requirements or for introduction to showrooms-LONDON or MAIN cities. DODSON-BULL CARPET CO., LTD.
Showrooms: 6 Old Bailey. London. E.CA 01-2487971 (10 lines) 83-89 Blackett St.• Newcastle-upon-Tyne Tel: 20321 or 21-428 55-61. Lever Street. Manchester I Tel: 061-236 3687/ 8/9 (II)
CHILDREN S CHRISTMAS PARTIES. All requirements suppli ed Toys, Games, Novelties, Balloons, Carnival Hat s, Bran Tubs, Fancy Goods, Decorations, Fund Raisers, Perfume Cards, Sports Trophies , Medals , Pl a ques, Bingo Tickets and Equipment, etc. EVERYTHING AT WHOLESALE TRADE PRICES. Send for our illustrated 64 p a ge catalogue. Sav e £.£ £ from Britain s Largest Suppliers.-SWINNERTONS LTD , Dept. R.O , Union Street, Walsall. (12)
GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES
MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l
Ophthalmic Student Nurses
Candidates accepted at the age of 17 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students, Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped School of Nursing. Successful candidates, on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses' Horne in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert HaU, Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres Tennis Court Active Social ClUb.
Applications in writing to the Matron. (8)
Get the "REVI EW" Habit!
To find out
WHAT GOE.S ON IN ST. JOHN take the "Review" regularly
COMPLETE THE ORDER FORM ON PAGE ONE (MAKES A GOOD PRESENT) NOW
The use of any particular appliance, equipment, medicament or prepa ration advertised in the "Review" is not necessarily endorsed for first aid purposes.
The Edwina Mountbatten Trust is the memorial to a great woman. The proceeds of the sale of this book goes to a fund which supports St. John, the nursing profession and children all over the world.
In February 1960 we were stunned by the news of her death. In 1968 we can remember her by contributing to the interests for which she gave her life.
EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN
HER LIFE IN PICTURES
Compiled and Edited by Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock
Superintendent-in-Chief, St. John Ambulance Brigade
7s. 6d. each
7s. each orders for ten or over (postage extra in each case)
TROPHrES, MEDALS & ENGRAVING KNIGHT OF ST. JOHN STATUETTES TIES, SCARVES,
Pencils by Rown e y with HB black l ead in the OFFICIALLY APPROVED colours-silv er, white and blue, o verprinted in black ink with S J A. details and badge Also pens by Conway Stewart a vailable in eight duo-colours , ink printed with S.J A. details and badge.
Increase your funds fast- write today for free samples and price booklet to the AUTHORISED SUPPLIERS: AIREDALE PRESS LTD. Dept. F., P.O. Box 60 Mosscar St., BRADFORD, 3 ORDER OF ST. JOHN INVESTITURES
Please
NO MORE TIRED LEGS
Now you can
For the woman on her feet all day. Thousands of nurses wear them, also shof:> assistants, waitresses and the like. Golden Lady support stockings combine the glamour of sheer nylon with effective support.
A MAZING L.ow PRICES
Fully Fashioned 19/11
Seamfree/SPANZELLE 24/11 (70 denier)
Seamfree/LYCRA
Safe, gentle and swift to heal-
Savlon
'Savlon' Liquid and 'Savlon' Cream are indispensable to your first aid kit. They gently clean away dirt, killing the germs that would infect the wound. The antiseptics in both products are powerful, safe. They were discovered by I.C.I. and are now used extensively by doctors and hospitals in this country and overseas.
'Savlon' Antiseptic Cream 1/6, 2/6, 4/6, 8/3.
'Savlon' Liquid Antiseptic I j8, 2/ 11, 5/ -.
SHADES:-
Stuck far a Christmas Present?
Of course every reader will be giving a friend a year's SUbscription to the "REVIEW"-postal form on opposite column-but even so there may be friends, relations and colleagues in other organisations who would be interested in reading about the Order and its Foundations.
Why not give them a beok? It would be a nice gesture for Divisions to give another Divisionperhaps in another country-a copy of "THE KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN", revised by Sir Harry Luke, Bailiff of Egle, Order of St. John or "A GOOD UNIFORM" (history of St. John Ambulance) by Joan Clifford.
"The Knights of the Order of St. John" can be bought from Stores (priory House, St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C.l) for 50 /- (Plus postage) and "A Good Uniform" is published by Robert Hale, 25 /- (plus postage). Of course both can be ordered through your bookseller-saves postage.
The history of the Order was originally written by Sir Edwin King, a man with many cultural and humanitarian interests, and first published in 1924. In the Order he held three of its Executive Offices , as Regi strar, Librarian and Chancellor.
Sir Harry, with his life-long knowledge of the Eastern Mediterranean, and considerable knowledge of Order , with which he has been associated for some forty years, has revised an d brought upto-date Sir Edwin ' s work. Historical works are often dry (however full of interesting facts), but this book and Mrs. Joan Clifford's on the Brigade are alive and many people outside st. John have been fascinated with them and found them easy and exciting to read.
Christmas Cards
Some of you may be like the Editor who leaves personal matters to the last minute. Christmas cards in particular. The selection in aid of St. John is extremely attractive.
The prices are right.
Some of you may feel that it is a pity that there is no specific "St. John" card. But then many other organisations choose general cards to raise funds and rely on the printed note to convey the message. For years one's mantelpiece has been groaning under the eight-pointed Cross in various forms so that it is, perhaps, a good thing to have a change.
Write for details to St. John Ambulance, Christmas Card Department, P.O. Box 47, Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire.
The prices range from 2/6 to 7/6 per pack of six cards-excluding postage.
ST. JOHN REVIEW POSTAL
SUBSCRIPTION FORM
To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John, 1 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1.
Please supply/renew* St. John Review
commencing with the issue
I enclose 17/- for 1 year
Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John.
Name IN BLOCK CAPITALS
Address
*Delele whichever is inapplicable
What Why When Where How? Know the answers?
You will find them in the St. John Review
For less than 4d. per week you can get St. John News from all over the world, keep up with the dramatic changes in medicine, surgery, industrial first aid, nursing and emergency treatment techniques and have an opportunity to air your own views. Fill in the form above and enclose 17/ - subscription (i ncluding postage)
If you already subscribe why not give it as a present?
For details of the House and Membership, please complete and return this coupon to THE WARDEN, ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE, LONDON, S.W.l. (BELgravia 2732).
THE EDWINA MOUNTBATTEN TRUST IS THE MEMORIAL TO A GREAT WOMAN
The proceeds of the sale of this book goes to a fund which supports St. John, the nursing profession and children all over the world.
In February 1960 we were stunned by the news of her death. In 1968 we can remember her by contributing to the interests for which she gave her life.
EDWINA MOUNTBA TTEN
HER LIFE IN PICTURES
Compiled and Edited by Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock
Superintendent-in-Chief, st. John Ambulance Brigade is. 6d. each
7s. each orders for ten or over (postage extra in each case)
Published by Macdonald
Orders to:
Edwina Mountbatten Book, 1 Grosvenor Crescent. London, S. W.1
Telephone: 01-235 5231 2
GRAND PRIOR'S TROPHY COMPETITION WINNERS ST. JOHN AMBULANCE TEAMS WIN BOTH SECTIONS
The Bolsover Colliery S.J.A. team carried off the Grand Prior's Trophy with 300t marks out of 400. Runners-up were the N.C.B. Grimethorpe Colliery team with 281 t. Palmers Green Nursing Division collected the coveted trophy to add to their fantastic collection with 279 marks and the Cheshire Constabulary Police Women were second, fourteen marks behind.
If my St. John Diary is correct this is the FIRST TIME that Brigade Teams have won both sections A team from Palmers Green won in 1952 and two of the members were in this year's championship team-more details in the January issue
CHRISTMAS COVER COMPETITION
The us ual enthusiastic response to a competition. Two entries One the wrong shape, although very attractive, the other, alas, needed five colour reproduction-s o , compromise the cover is a reproduction of one of the gift labels in the 1968 St. John Christmas Card selection
GETTING ABOUT
I had a debghtful working holiday in Northern Irelandfour days crammed full of visits and hospitality and one weekend in Hull. May I warn any colleagues to starve for at least a week before going to either place. I have never eaten so much, or regretted being unable to eat more, in my life.
In Hull I was paid a very great compliment when one of the delegates said , "Lass, thou could be Yorkshire-thou calls a spade a spade-we like straight talk." Articles on both visits will appear in future issues
FROM OU RCUTTINGS
In "The Times " October 26 1968 , a Special Correspondent wrote about " Friendly Help ", a report on the Friends of Malta, G.c., who are building 15 houses for young married and engaged couples in Kalkara on land provided by the Church. The £1 ,000 houses wil l be handed over to the Malta Homes Society (run by Professor S. Busuttil Royal Malta University) Since the Society was formed it has given financial help to the aged , physically handicapped children and to hospitals and orphanages in Malta.
DISASTER AWARD
Divisional Superintendent Richard Dolan Horley and Gatwick Division , has been awarded a Meritorious Service Certificate. (Report in January issue.)
AT LAST
The article by DAMON has certainly stirred-up something. (Letters and articles in January issue). Here are a few samples. "I must confess I thought the article was written by a terrible old square!" "I had to read it twice from beginning to end - twice, so maybe the author did achieve his object BUT ". "W hat a damning article by Damon. "
RISE AND SHINE
Enterprising members of the Woodland Fort Nursing Division Plymouth have hit on a novel way of raising funds. With buckets and leathers they go forth on Saturday mornings to clean windows to raise the cash for new uniforms. Congratulations for a unique idea and best wishes for a successful effort.
HAMPSlllRE CONCERT TRIDUTE TO ST. JOHN
The Portsmouth Technical High School, Hilsea, bandsmen, choral singers and folk singers gave a joint entertain3
ment in aid of St. John The conductor Mr. F. S. Monk also acted as compere.
SWOON SQUAD
In a recent report in "The People" it was stated that Mr. Ferguson, Liverpool St. John Ambulance, had formed a "Swoon Squad " to deal with the "hysterical pop-happy girls" -it is known 10calJy as the St. John Muscle Brigade. /
ROYAL OPENING OF LINCS. H.Q.
H.R.H. The Princess Margaret will open the new £10,000 H.Q. at Scunthorpe in December-during her visit she will also open the new maternity wing at the Lincoln County Hospital.
POOR ARTHUR
D / S/ O. Arthur Weston (London Di strict) deserves to get into the news . His energy and enthusiasm is invigorating (and exhausting). Recently he has hit the headlines in "Reveille" in an article (Oct. 23) by Sandra Gowrie-Smith under the title of "Oh, How Arthur Suffers! " This highlights his activities at casua1ty simulation which is only one of the many vol untar y duties he performs We bope to publish the article which is both informative and amusing.
DRUGS OR DRINK?
Dr. J R. S Sharp , Northampton , speaking at the G.P.O. 's Midland Region first aid convention, held at Rugby Radio Station, said that there would be ONE MILLION drug addicts in Great Britain by 1980 He added, however , that compared with these figures the problem of alcoholism was shocking and that drugs were a relatively minor problem.
S.O.S. FROM FIJI TO SWINDON
On November 6 the "Evening Advertiser ," Swindon , Wilts. , published an appeal from St. John Ambulance in Fiji. " Can the people of Swindon help Fiji's St. John Ambulance ?" They need equipment and text books. The appeal comes from that well-known St. John (former) Superintendent Leonard Love, who is on a two-year world tour.
YOU THINK THAT YOU ARE BEING DONE-INTHE-EYE?
It is true that single copies of the " UYIEW " now go for 4d BUT bulk orders which cost Is. 9d. now cost 4s. 6d A copy of the magazine costs 1s. 7d to produce EXCLUDING postage.
Under normal circumstances advertising revenue would cover the excess. Without boring everyone again with the picture-you've only got to look at the number of advertising pages to get the picture-it is a pity that the individual subscriber would be, seemingly, victimised. Every possible economy is being exercised-and only through continued support can we survive.
I have given a short talk recently to divisions and County Conferences which seems to have been helpful in putting across the production of a magazine to those who are not familiar with the mechanics. I am only too happy to repeat the performance, only the host must be able to pay my faremy budget won t.
GOOD CHEER
Thank you for your support. Please remember that it takes time for changes of addresses-wrappers are done early in the month preceding publication date. If you get two copies, please pass one on to another division or to your Public Library.
Once again the best of everything to all of you. HEALTH AND HAPPINESS INTHE COMING YEAR.
His Royal Highness Prince William of Gloucester
Appointed Commandant-in-Chief, Ambulance Corps and Divisions
County Staff Officer, Buckinghamshire, Mr. Watkins W. Williams, who was Superintendent of the Division at that time, recalls Prince William's interest in First Aid and membership of the Division. He says, "Every year we held Association Adult First Aid Classes at Eton College. On the principle that the sooner First Aiders])earnt to treat casualties of both sexes, age, size and shape, our classes were as 'mixed' as possible.!Although the classes were held in the College they were open to any member of the public who wished to attend. This meant a wide section of the community including students, housewives, police, factory workers and office staff.
"In 1958 His Royal Highness was the only Etonian taking the course. He registered as William Edwards and his identity was unknownlittle did the other candidates know who the first aider or casualty really was.
"After gaining his certificate, Prince William joined the Division and volunteered for voluntary Ambulance Attendant duties-throughout his fellow members kept his identity secret. In addition he did duty at Slough Football Ground and no one in the crowd knew who the smart young man was.
"He was on parade, in the ranks, when an Order's Life Saving Medal was presentedagain an example of the traditions of St. John-without regard to class, race or creed.
"I think the best story of Prince William-as a standard of encouragement and an object lesson to others-is his first Divisional re-exam, which came at the time of A Levels and inter-house cricket matches, he failed, BUT his certificate was still valid, so, as his DivIsional Superintendent, I said he was still qualified to undertake duties. He refused until he ha(taken and passed the re-exam, which he did a little later in the year, gaining an exceptionaUy high standard.
"Before leaving Eton P Flnce William gained his Medallion."
His father, H.R.H ..The Duke of Gloucester, is Grand Prior of the Order of St. John and his mother,""H.R.H. The DuchesS:of Gloucester, is Deputy Commandantin-Chief, Nursing Corps and Divisions.
H.R.H. Prince William is seen in Brigade uniform while he was a member of the Eton and District Combined Division in 1959.
THE LORD PRIOR, The Lord Wakehurst, taking the salute at the march past fallowing the Annual Order of St. John Service at Durham Cathedral. Over fifteen hundred members from all over the North-East took part.
The Lord Prior of the Order of St. John, The Lord Wakehurst, with other executive officers, attended the Annual Service of the Order and parade of Brigade personnel on Saturday, October 26.
The Service was held in the Cathedral Church of Christ and Mary the BIgssed Virgin, Durham, and was attended by over 1,500 members of St. John, and conducted by The Lord Bishop, Tbe Rt. Reverend I. T. Ramsey, D.D.
The sermon was preached by the Dean of Durham, The Very Reverend J. H. S. Wild , D.D., and the Lord Prior read the Lesson.
The Salute was taken at the Parade by the Lord Prior and the Lord Lieut. of Durham, Sil' James Duff and units from Durham, Northumberland and the North Riding of Yorkshire took part.
The Director of Ceremonies, Colonel Philip Catt, prepared some very interesting notes for members of the Order attending. Under the title of "The Visitation to the County Palatine of Durham" he quotes: "It is uncertain when the existing 'Palatine' privileges were first exercised, but these rights were recognised by Parliament in A.D. 1289, during the Episcopate of Bishop Bek and as having then existed 'time out of mind' and long prior t(!) the Norman conquest.
"William I was, as far as Durham was concerned, content to confirm the laws of St. Cuthbert, which previously Guthred, King of Northumbria, and Alfred the Great appear in turn to have confirmed.
6
"Palatine rights were exercised by succeeding Prince Bishops until the rights were resumed by the Crown in 1836. The Palatine Court still exists and continues, in large measure, to exercise its ancient powers.
"Anthony Bek, who died in 1310, was the most splendid and powerful of all the Bishops.
"He was Prince Bishop of Durham, King of the Isle of Man and Patriarch of Jerusalem.
"He accompanied Edward I to Scotland with twenty-six standard bearers and one hundred and sixty-four Knights as his private following.
"Nobles addressed the Palatine Sovereign kneeling and, instead of servants, Knights waited in his presence, his chamber and at his table bare-headed and standing. He remained Bishop and Prince until his death."
Among the senior representatives from Headquarters and the Counties were the Chancellor of the Order The Lord Caccia and Lady Caccia, Sir Philip Southwell, DirectorGeneral St. John Ambulance Association and Lady Southwell, The Commissioner-in-Chief, Viscount Gort, Chairman St. John Council, Durham, and Lady Gort, The Superintendentin-Chief, the Commissioners for Cumberland and Westmorland, Lancashire, Durham, North Riding of Yorkshire, Pliesidents, Vice-Presidents and officers of the units taking part. Dr. ' and Mrs. John Tilley (M.O.H., Northumberland), and the Mayor of Durham.
It .was a splendid and memorable occasion for all who took part.
CARE OF THE OLDER CJITJIZEN
by
Miss Rose A. B. Baker, S.R.N., M.T.D., H. V. Cert., Queen's Nurse, Deputy Chief Nursing Officer, Queen's Institute of District Nursing
PART!
It is important, for all those who take part in the care of elderly persons, to realise that they should be able to lead a happy, interested life if helped to come to terms with the slowing down of their physical and mental powers.
It may help us in our care of the older person if we consider the process of ageing and what help can be given.
EYESIGHT
One of the first signs of ageing is changes in eyesight, many of us need reading glasses before the age of 50 years. Most old people are not averse to wearing spectacles but many cannot remember when their eyes were last tested. They probablY need to be encouraged to take advantage of the Eye Services, so that lenses can be changed if necessary, and eye diseases detected and treated. Improved visual ability may mean that the old person can be independent longer because he / she is able to see the designations of buses, see when to cross roads, enjoy shop gazing, avoid falling and other accidents in or out of doors, continue to read , write, sew, watch television and carry out other activities.
Having the whole house well lit will also help persons with failing eyesight.
HEARING
Hea ring is a sense which is invariably affected to a greater or lesser degree as we get older. This may lead to difficulties of communication; troubles may be caused because the old person half-hears statements. Loss of hearing may cause the person to lose interest in those around him and make him introspective and suspicious. A hearing aid can be supplied through the National Health Service. Old people often need a great deal of encouragement to see their doctor and ask advice about obtaining a hearing aid, and when this is supplied they may need even greater encouragement to learn to use and persevere with the apparatus. If only persons with a hearing aid could be persuaded to wear the microphone in an obvious place and not under layers of clothing,
they would hear more clearly what is said, and those speaking to them, seeing the microphone, would direct the voice towards it.
SMELL AND TASTE
These senses may be less acute in older persons, who may not detect warning smells or flavours and might take food that is not quite as good as it should be. It is most important to encourage old people to look carefully at any food which may deteriorate. Loss of a sense of smell is very dangerous if coal gas is used for cooking or heating. The old person must be encouraged to ensure that gas taps are always turned completely off after use and to see that the burners are completely lit when in use
THE MOUTH
Many old people are proud that they still have their own teeth If these are decayed they can be a danger to health. Some people have few teeth or badly fitting dentures. Either of these conditions may cause oral sepsis, or indiesgtion due to inability to masticate properly Treatment by a dentist and provision of dentures may do much to improve a person ' s health , looks and well being
MUSCLE TONE
Muscles weaken and deteriorate with ageing. This process can be retarded in voluntary muscles by exercise and use. However, weakening of involuntary muscles continues to occur.
Blood vessels
The effect of weakening muscles on blood vessels is to cause them to lose their elasticity; they become stretched, tortuous and elongated This may cause an insufficient blood supply to the brain, which can lead to mental confusion, hallucinations or fainting Alimentary tract
The muscle coat of the stomach may become lax, giving rise to indigestion, nausea or lack of appetite. The intestines may also be 7
affected by loss of muscle tone, with consequent constipation or diarrhoea. Hard faeces, partially blocking the rectum and / or colon, may cause apparent diarrhoea. Sometimes a doctor may order aperients or specific treatment such as suppositories or enemeta. The older folk often need advice on diet, to take small, easily digested meals , sufficient flu ids and foods which contain roughage, such as green vegetables, to aid digestion and elimination.
Bladder
The weakening of the bladder muscles often leads to urinary incontinence which can be a great trial to those who have always been particular about personal hygiene and are otherwise alert and act ive. Such people need to be encouraged to empty the bladder regularly at short intervals , the time between intervals being gradually increased and always before going out. When going out it may help if they can arrange to call on friends for toilet purposes, and also if they know the location of public con veniences. Sometimes the wear ing of a pad and sanitary knickers by women, or a urinary appliance by men, is a great help
The Feet
As the muscles of the feet weaken, arches fall , causing the feet to spread. These conditions can be helped if firm , well fitting , if possible lace-up shoes are worn indoors as well as out, and soft slippers avoided.
The soles of the feet often become less sensitive and ulcers may develop without the old person realising this is happening. Nails often thicken; this , together with an old person ' s inability to bend makes foot toilet difficult. The regular use of a chiropody service may help the comfort of the feet and sometimes makes a difference to the person's ability to go out.
MOVEMENT
As we get older, joints get less mobile. It is important that we main-
(Continued on page 9)
®rbtr of jobn
Picture shows: WING COMMANDER THOMAS WALTER CLAYTON FAZAN, 44, Marlborough Avenue, Ruislip, Middlesex, receivinR his insignia as Officer Brother of the Order of St. John from the Lord Prior at a ceremony held in the Grand Priory Church, E.C.l, on Tuesday, October 8. After 28 years service as a pilot in the R.A.F. he became Chief Staff Officer, St. John Ambulance, in August 1967.
Cadet News, Staffs. TOP HONOURS FOR YOUNG NURSE OSNLANY
The Buoknall Nursing Cadet Division has told us of their pride in the fact that for the last five years at least one Cadet has left the Division to take up nursing full time. This year one girl has left to begin her training at Leeds General Hospital. Another girl from this Division is preparing to take the University Entrance Examination in September. We hope that wherever their work takes them these girls will look back on their days in the Brigade with pride.
This Division also recently held a social evening for the presentation of awards. It is nice to hear that during the evening one of the members received her second Special Service Shield. The members of this Division continue with their good work in the local old people's home. Some girls visit the old in their houses and help with cleaning, shopping and other tasks which need doing. A practical application of the Order's motto "pro utilitate hominum".
Picture shows: MR. FRANK MARTIN KLONIN, 89, Stewart Street, Birmingham, 18, receiving his insignia as Officer (Associate) Brother of the Order of St. John from the Lord Prior at a ceremony held in the Grand Priory Church, E.C.l, on Tuesday, October 8, 1968. Manhattan Products (Birmingham) Ltd., of which Mr. Klonin is Managing Director, is among the foremost manufacturers of badges in the country and have for many years made the badges and emblems for St. John. But his interest goes further than Just a commercial link. Earlier this year he donated a beautiful plaque to the Brigade in Sabah in memory of the late Superintendent-in-Chief, Countess Mountbatten of Burma, who died in Jesselton during an overseas tour. He is a whirl-wind traveller bringing British goods to foreign a recent trip he travelled on nine different airlines in ten days and spent the nine nights each in a differen( city. However, when he d@es "touch-down" in Birmingham he takes a keen and active interest in the local Golf Club and is a Special Constable in the Birmingham City Police.
Picture shops: CAPTAIN L. M. CROTON, "Kesdon," The Hatches , Frimley Green, Camberley , Surrey, receiving his insignia as Officer Brother of the Order of St. John from the Lord Prior at a ceremony held in the Grand Priory Church, Clerkenwell, E.C.l, on Tuesday, October 8, 1968. Captain Croton was born in Norwood and educated at Clapham College.
He served in the R.A.M.C. during the war, mainly in the Middle East. He joined St. John in 1947 in the Shirley Ambulance Division and was appointed to St. John London District Staff (S.W. Area) in 1953. Captain Croton was one of the first members to give public demonstrations of Mouth-to-Mouth (The Kiss of Life), while a member of the Applied PhysioloRY, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine on the then new training model "Resusci Anne" in 1961.
In addition to his St. John and T.A. activities he was appointed Commanding Officer (T. & A.v.R.), Forward Medical Equipment Depot, R.A.M.C., in 1967.
In 1966 he was awarded the Emergency Reserve Decoration.
Care of the Older Citizen-cont. from p.7 tain good posture so that as joints stiffen the body is maintained in a good position. For example, as the spine stiffens, if the back is kept straight, walking in an upright position is possible; if the head is allowed to poke forward so that the cervical part of the spinal column forms a curve, the only view the person eventually has when standing up will be his feet. Difficulty in walking will be experienced if the hips and knees are allowed to stiffen in a bent position. Every effort should be made to encourage ageing people to walk upright, ensuring the back is kept straight and that movement of hips, knees and ankles is maintained.
NUTRITION
Some older people, particularly those li ving alone, lose interest in food, while others overeat, taking far too much food, especially carbohydrates. It is very important that an older person has a well balanced diet with a high proportion of natural vitamins.
The old person's need for each day include a good helping of meat or fish, 1 pint of milk, an egg (3 or 4 per week) or an ounce or two of cheese, grated if necessary, root and green vegetables, fruits (especially citrus fruits), at least 4 pints of fluid (unless restricted by a doctor because of illness). Sweets and starchy foods, such as biscuits, pastry and cakes, should be taken in very limited amounts; bread consumption should also be reduced to 2 to 4 small slices daily (wholemeal bread is best).
Old people who can go out may be able to have a good mid-day meal 5 days a week at a Luncheon Club provided by Old People's WelfaJ:e Association, or the home-bound may have meals-on-wheels.
It is important to ensure that either the old person is able to heat the lunch,
Miss Fatima Osmany-now 21--enrolled as a Cadet in 1957 and right from the start proved she would be a credit to St. John.
In 1962 she was awarded the Grand Prior's Badge and went on to win two uniform competitions and two first aid competitiems, one for novices and the other for the Emdon Shield.
In July, 1964, she commenced her nursing training at the Coronation Hospital, Johannesburg, and, after passing her preliminary examinations with honours, was one of 18 nurses who graduated in February, 1968 In addition to being one of three students in the country to obtain honours in the South African Nursing Council's final examination at the end of 1967, she was awarded the Superintendent's prize for obtaining the highest marks and the Matron's prize for being the best nurse and a good member of her community.
In March, 1968, she commenced her Midwifery training at Baragwanath Hospital where we feel she will do equally well in her examinations.
if it is delivered early, or a friend or neighbour carries out this service for them.
BODY TEMPERATURE
Maintenance of body temperature is extremely important with older folk. If the body temperature drops below 95 °P (35 °C) the person will be in a state of HYPOTHERMIA, and if the temperature drops still further, coma and death will eventually follow. Hypothermia is best prevented by the person having regular, well balanced meals, being warmly but not too heavily clad, and by being kept as active as possible.
Old people whose movements are slow should have the temperature of their living room maintained at 65 °F (17 °C) by day, and of their bedroom at 60 °F (lYC) by night.
SLEEP
As we get older and become less active, we need less sleep. It is often a good thing to make old people understand that they do not need as much sleep as formerly. Old people tend to drop off to sleep at odd times during the day when warm and comfortable, and to worry because they are awake during the night. They can often be helped by the suggestion of having an hour's rest during the day and retiring later to a warm bedroom or, in the cold weather, having a bed downstairs.
If they cannot get to sleep, or wake up in the night, it may help to get out of bed to micturate , and for this a night commode is useful. It is a good idea to have a thermos flask of warm milk to drink during the night if wakefu1. Some older people are helped by reading a light book.
If they can be encouraged to think how hard they worked in the past and how much less they now do physicaUy, they probably can appreciate that less sleep is needed; this in itself may stop 9
CHRISTMAS GIFTS COME LOADED GO AWAY LOADED (Leave your money behind)
BRING YOUR FRIENDS HAVE YOU REMEMBERED TO RENEW YOUR "REVIEW" SUBSCRIPTION? WHY NOT PAY BY BANKERS ORDER?
10hn Warburtliln
W. Hicks
RELAXING AFTER THE EXERTIONS of the Course.
As usual, the lighter side of Nottingham Training Course proRramme was as successful as the Course itself.
The 1968 Nottingham
Following tradition, the Friday evening at Nottingham was wet and windy as 468 true stalwarts arrived at the University through gales and rain and floods and mist, to greet old friends, and to make new ones, at the annual "Nottingham."
This year it was an "International" Nottingham, as delegates came, not only from 41 of the 46 Districts Counties, but also from the Priory for Wales and from F1JI. Four hundred (85 per cent) of the delegates were from Divisions, and 286 (61 per cent) were under the age of 30. Also all available accommodation was fully booked.
the Friday evening, those who wished were entertained wqth a programme of short, colourful, and lighthearted films which showed how astonishing and amusing is the way in' which the other half of the world lives.
The "1968 Nottingham" was the first to be honoured with the presence of the Commissioner-in-Chief and the Superintendent-in-Chief, who not only lent great authority to the proceedings, but who also entered with spirit ir:l.to the happy informal atmosphere which is so characterIstic of thiS Conference.
On the Saburday morning, the Commissioner-in-Chief addressed the assembly, giving an informal confidential talk about the Brigade, and his hopes and plans for its future. He welcomed this opportunity to confide in so many Brigade members, of so wide a cross-section, to explain problems confronting us, and also to have the opportunity, at first hand, of hearing members' own problems and opinions, especially those of the younger members
10
Brigade members come from all walks of life and all professions and they are doing this voluntary work. in addition t() earning a living. To help them to be as effiCient and as effective as possible, all training must be intensive, energetic and interesting.
The Commissioner-in-Chief particularly welcomed the fact that so many of the delegates were members of Divisions; for the Division is the basic unit of the Brigade, on which the whole structure depends.
Leadership-training is of the utmost importance, for Divisions need good leaders. Leadership-training should start with Cadet N.C.O.s, so that they will have experience of leadership when they go up into the Adult Divisio.ns on their 16th birthday, and will be eager to seek promotion to Officer rank as adults.
In fact, he said, an adult division could well by the number of ex-Cadets among its members. The difficulties that sometimes exist when divisions are prevented by prejudices and personality problems from working effectively might perhaps in certain cases be overcome by formlllg "quadrilateral Divisions" of all four units.
The Commissioner-in-Chief gave hope and encouragement to everyone, as they saw how closely he was personally concerned in helping with their efficiency, training and welfare. Finally, he gave the assembly a short briefing about bow to tackle the Major Study for the 1968 Nottingham, to consider "wider opportunities which young St. John members will want to tackle." Whereupon, after 468 cups of instant-coffee, delegates dispersed to thrash out the problem in 25 instant-groups of about 18 persons each, where no holds were barred, no punches pulled.
In the afternoon each of the 25 groups made tbeir reports.
The Commissioner-in-Chief skilfully summed up, thanked delegates for thier work, and assured them that every constructive idea which had been put forward would be considered and, if possible, put into practice.
After so ' hard a day of thought and discussion, delegates rightly felt that they had earned the recreation. o.f DANCE that night; and they made the most of It III thell" own inimitable manner. The Hall Porters , who had seen Nursing Members in (mostly) regula.tion-Iength skirts during the day, could hardly believe that these mlolskirted "swing-chicks" of three hours later were the same.
The incomparable "Bert-the-M.C." Willis again kept the whole party swinging with such s peed and verve that when the end came just before midnight , it seemed to come too soon.
On Sunday morning, everyone joined in a St. John Service, singing fit to rock the roofbeams After D T. Ian Mackenzie, Deputy Commissioner for Derby hire, III a talk caJled "Can you cope- at home? " , kept everybody thrilled and enthralled by the problems which can beset us from the moment we are born, through our life-cycle, until the law eventually allows that we are dead enough to buried. The tremendous ovation which Dr. Ian Mackenzie received at the end of this masterpiece wa s a tribute which he well deserved.
On the Sunday afternoon , the " Any Questions?" session was chaired by Lt.-Colonel Arthur Goring, As s i tant Commissioner-in-Chief with a panel consisting of the Commissioner-in-Chief the Superintendent-in-Chief, Dr Jan Mackenzie, and Mr. George Woodhill, the Registrar. Delegates made the most of this opportunity, and their satisfaction when their many fir t-class constructive questions were constructively an swered; in cases this session provided the means of removlOg anomalies and of interpolating new ideas. Thu s is history made. And so at four o clock the seventh " Nottingham" came to a reluc'tant end, everybody having apparently thought it all supremely worthwhile, and wholly enjoyable. After a tea delegates dispersed, all of them vowing to return for the next "Nottingham", which will happen (note the date!) Sewternber 19-21,1969.
FIRST AID U HAPPY FAMILIES" RULES
The pack consists of twelve "sets". Each "set" contains a Key card and two, three, four or five member cards.
The Key cards bear the title of the "set" and its number and a list of the member cards which make up the "set".
Each member card bears its own name and also the title and number of the "set" to which it belongs.
The game is played best by four or more players. If there are only three, a few of the "sets" should be removed.
The object of the game is to collect as many "sets" as possible.
The player on the left of the dealer commences by asking any person he likes for a card towards a "set" he decides to collect. He may only ask for a card of a "set " of which he already holds a member card If he does not hold the Key card he must first obtain it before asking for any other cards.
If the player asked holds the reques ted card he hands it over and the first player has another turn. He can have any number of turns so long as he is successful in getting tbe card for which he asks. When he fails then that player starts asking, and so on.
When asking for cards the following three things must be stated in this order:
The number of the " set "
Tbe title of the "set"
The name of the card required
e.g " Please may I have Set No.2. 'Some Causes of Fainting ' - FRIGHT".
Should the player fail to ask in this way the person he asked can challenge him. The player then forfeits his turn to the person he asked for the card.
The reason for this rule is so that all the players will become familiar with the first aid facts , which, of course , is the object behind the game
When a player completes a ' set " he places it face downward on the table .
The game ends when allthe " sets" are completed.
Players score one point for every card in " sets" collected
FIRST AID "HAPPY FAMILIES"
KEY CARD
Collect: A. BURNS SET NO.1.
KEY CARD EXAMPLES OF SET NO.5. INSULATING MATERIAL
Collect: A. Rubber mat
B. Rubber soled shoes
C. Dry stick
D. Dry rope
KEY CARD SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
OF STRONG ACID POISONS
Collect: A. Burns on the lips
B. Burns on the mouth
C. Burns in the gullet
D. Intense pain in the s tomach
KEY CARD
Collect: A. CAUSES OF A FRACTURE SET NO.7.
B.
Direct force (bone break s at spot where
C. force is appjied)
Indirect force (bone break s at some di s tance from where force is applied)
Muscular action (vi®ient contraction of muscles)
KEY CARD TREATMENT FOR FAINTING
Collect: A. Put head down quickly
B Put head between knees
C. Loosen all tight clotrung
D. See there is plenty of fresh air
E. On recovery give sips of fluid
KEY CARD CLOTHING CATCHING FIRE
Collect: A. Hold rug in front of you
B. Wrap it round casualty
C. Lay casualty flat and smother flames
KEY CARD TYPES OF BANDAGES
Collect: A. Triangular bandage
B. Roller bandage
KEY CARD HOW MAY POISONS ENTER THE BODY
ColJect: A. By the lungs
B By the mouth
C. By injection
KEY CARD SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS SET NO. 12. OF SPRAINS
B C. D By dry heat- hot metal or fire By friction
Collect : A. Pain at the joint B Swelling C. Inability to use the joint without increa s ing the pain
Contact with electric current By strong acid or alkalis
KEY CARD SOME CAUSES OF SET NO.2. FAINTING
Collect: A. Fright
B Bad news
C. Long periods of standing or sitting in hot tuffy atmo phere
KEY CARD GROUPING OF VERTEBRAE
Collect: A. 7 in the neck (Cervical)
SET NO.3.
B. 12 in the back (Thoracic or dorsal)
C. 5 in the loin (Lumbar)
D. 5 united in rump bone (Sacrum)
E. 4 in coccyx joined together
KEY CARD TYPES OF WOUNDS
Collect: A. Ioci sed - clean cut
B. Lacerated- torn
C. Contused - bruised
D. Punctured - stab type SET NO.4. 11
R.A.A.C.
T
HE R.A.A.C. scheme (R.A.A.C.=Road Accident After-Care) was started fa;irly recently b.¥ a group of G.P.s in the North Riding of Yorkshire who were concerned with the toll of accidents on the motorways running through that area, and with a committee consisting of hospital ' amb,ulance heads of the local fire and polIce serVlOes, and mIlllsters of all denominations, they set up thi·s R.A.A.c. scheme, primarily to deal with motorway accidents. .
All G.F.s in the sohem€: carry a number of contamers in their cars with sufficient apparatus to deal with almQst any contingency which may occur on their domain--one of the most important, in my opinion, is the back splint, which is slid oetween the patieflt and the car seat, so that the victim. (sounds better than "patient"), if he has a severe back injury, can be strapped to the splint by webbing before he is moved, thus preventing further injury. The splint consists of tin. plywood, with all edges rounded, and either polished or so that it can easily be slipped at the back of the VIctim. A further refinement is a cardboard padded collar, suitable for those with J::X>ssible neck injuries.
P. A. MARSH,S.R.N., Divisional Nursing Officer.
DIAGRAM (right) Board made from good quality tin. plywood. All edges rounded and board well waxed or polished to facilitate sliding into position. To be used in conjunction with two 8in. straps. (See page 14 November issue).
TODAY & YESTERDAY
TOP PICTURE shows the Borough of Southend Ambulance Division with their maRnificent fleet of ambulances. All the members are full time ambulance personnel except for Superintendent E. A. Harris, M.B.E. (left). Tr.ansport Ofjicer R. E. Jarvis is seen second left. Below is the ambulance they had in 1918. The Division celebrated its Jubilee in 1966.
HUNTLY AMBULANCE CADET DIVISION, winners of the O. R Nelson Shield. L. to r. Cpl M. Heslop; AIC R. Thomson; CISgt. B. Graham; AIC D. Shaw and AIC B Shead with Mr. P. Little Mr. Little has recently returned from New Zealand and it is hoped to publish his article in the January issue. Just for the re cord, he used to receive his "Review" while abroad (wonders will never cease) and said how much he valued this means of keeping in touch with events and news from the U.K.
Commissioner
Area
was present at the presentation. Mrs K. A. Smith , Superintendent Nursing Cadets, is seen in the centre of the picture. In order to gain the Shield Christine covered a variety of duties including flower and agricultural shows, race meetings, and galas.
EAST DEVON AWARD PRESENTATIONS
LIEUT.-GEN. SIR EDMOND SCHREIBER , Knight of the Order of St. John , presented twe Grand Prior Badges at the ceremony held in Sidmouth. Picture shows: C;Cpl. Kenneth Pack recei ving his award, the other recipient being AIM Roger Beacon. The Service was conducted by the Rev. E. H. So uttar, Vicar of Sidmouth Parish Church. Among those attending were Sir Arthur Benson; Commissioner Major T. W. Gracey; Capt. W. H. Peek; Dr. A. T. H. Glanville, Area Surgeon; Corps Supt. H. Tapp The Rt. Rev. W. A. E. Westall, Bishop of Credit on and a Sub-Prelate of the Order, preached the sermon.
Shrewsbury Chronicle
CHRISTINE WOOD receives her Serv ice Shield from
Colonel W. P Careless at a ceremony held earlier this year. Christine's father, an
Staff Officer,
D C Organ
BERMUDA
THE GOVERNOR OF BERMUDA INSPECTS ST. JOHN AMBULANCE DIVISIONS. HE. The Governor of Bermuda, Lord M -artonmere, insp ected member;)- of adult and cadet divisions during a parade held at Government House, following the Annual St. John's Day Commemoration Service. He was accompanied by WingCommander John Fountain, Commissioner. His Excellency is seen w ith th e Nursing Cadet Contingent.
AMERICAN MISSION HOSPITAL, MUSCAT, OMAN . Miss A . de Young, R.N. , Matron of th e Hospital, wrote in October that further First Aid classes were being run for s tud ent nurses at the hospital. She says "We find that using you r First Aid manual in both Arabic and English is very helpful." Pictur e shows a group of the student nurses, Arabs and Balu chis, two American doctors, the Padr e, the Indian Laboratory Technician and the Assistant Matron ea Danish Nurse), Miss Jun g, and two Pakistani trained nurses
TASMANIA
THE COMMISSIONER, DR . DINGLEY says in his report "T h e first important eve nt in 1968 was the arrival of the Edwina Mountbatten Plaqu e (see page 16, November issue), brought by Wing-Commander GeorRe Bates, R.A.F., which completed his sad journey when he escorted the body of Countess Mountbatten from Jesselton to Singapore in February 1960. The simple handing-over ceremony was conducted at the foot of the
flagstaff erected by Sabah District, St. John Ambulance. The rain stopped just in time for a representative group of members to be inspected by Wing-Commander Bates and the Commissioner. As the plaque was placed at the foot of the flagstaff the St. John flag was broken at the gaft. The ceremony ended with one minute's silence during which the flag was slowly lowered.
IT IS MOST INTERESTING to see from the comparative table of the strength, Divisions and personnel (the figures given above are as at June 30, 1968), that there has been a healthy and steady rise overall In 1961 there were 22 Di visions and the total st rength was 355. In fac! the 1968 total is slightly down on the previous year, but to more than double your numbers 117 seven years is a most satisfactory achievement.
LAGOS
Nigeria
SUCCESSFUL GRAND BALL. Picture shows members of the Brigade Joint Standing Comm itt ee who o rganised a successful ball at the Mainland Hotel, Lagos, Nigeria, in aid of St. John humanitarian services.
The Association in Nigeria have put up their subscriptions to the REVIEW from 55 to 100, a muc h appreciated gesture. Murphy
(Be l ow) THE NEW AMBULANCE, donated by Mr. Chia Yit KianR. Pi cture hows (left to ri g ht): Mr. Anderson, D/S/O. Henry Chai, Mrs. Monica Chin , Mr. Chia Yit Kiang, Mr. Thomas Chow, Chairman, St. John Council, and the Commissioner.
(Above)_ Chief Minister and Pr esident St. John Counc il , TUN DATU HAJ! MUSTAPHA, receiving the keys of the ambulance from the donor, Mr. Chia Yit Kiang. The ambu l ance was soon doing duty during the State visit of the King and Queen of Malaysia to Sabah, in fact this was before the official handing-over ceremony. During the State visit there was a Sabah Displa y and at St John stand was another newly acquired air-conditioned ambulance, which also was used as a First Aid P ost, and they gave demonstrations of the Niel Robertson Stretcher, Resusci Anne and Anatomic Anne.
Photo Works
P. W. Jackson B R I G A o E
LEICESTERSHIRE. An unusual first aid case. A horse was bitten on the leg by a dog at the Ashby Show. His injuries are being examined by Mr. Ernie Langley and N / M. K. G. Bowley while waiting for the vet. D E V o N
ACCIDENT NEAR EXETER. A three-wh e el er car was in h ead-on collision with a commercial lorry and four people were injured , two seriously. Di v isional Offi ce r D. Earl, Crownhill Cadet Division, Plymouth Area, was on his way to th e Nottin g ham 1968 Training Course, with A / M. W. Gill, and as they wer e in uniform th e polic e asked for their assistance. The photograph was taken by Mr. Earl aft er the ambulan ce had removed the r;asualties.
I N A C T I o N
Will esd e n and Brent Chronicle
WILLESDEN NURSING DIVISION, LONDON DISTRICT-Members of the Division , also returning from the Nottingham 1968 Training Course , who help ed the injur ed at the scen e of the multiple crash on th e Ml (s ee r e port on page 3, No ve mber issu e ) (Left to riRht) : N / M. Miss Margar e t Hallam , D /
Miss Su s an
N / M. Miss Denise Chann e ll , D / Supt. Miss Ir en e Bra y and N / M. Miss Grac e Reay
PRIORY OF WALES
WALTER NEWBURY, MIDWIFE. Mr. Newbury's neighbour, Mrs. Anne Flowers, was about to have a baby and before a doctor or nurse could be found Mr. Newbury, who had answered a frantic call for help, found himself acting as midwife. The baby was successfully delivered As he says " It is all in the book," but he never expected to have to put his knowledge to the test. A fine effort.
SUSSEX. AIR DISPLAY DEATH CRASH. St. John Ambulance memb e rs h e lp ed th e poli ce to ex tri cat e Mr Arnold Gr ee n wh en his aircraft crash ed during th e Tiger Club air displa y at Shoreham Airport. The traffic on the busy A27 trunk road was halted so that he could b e rush ed to hospital but, unfortunat e ly, di ed in Worthing Hospital from his injuri es.
InternationaR
GoRden
Jubilee Call1p
By Pauline Sn1ith, Chief Officer of Cadets for Wales
T
HE day for which we had been planning for two years had come at last! Some of us had been on the camp site for over a week already, and, of course, we had made many to Singleton Park, Swansea, within the past year and I think each of us must have felt our prayers for fine weather had been answered as we welcom ed nearly 800 campers on that Saturday in July.
For sev eral days a number of our members had been on the site, pi tching 200 tents and marquees, fixing electnclty, water, and all the other numerous jobs so necessary fG)[ a camp of this size. Others had been away to stations and airports to welcome our vi sitors from over seas who represented 12 different countries-they came from Hong Kong, Fiji, New Zealand, C yprus, South Africa , Canada, Malta , Guernsey , Jersey, as well a s counties in England, Northern Ireland, and ho w pleased we were to have th@ID with us , and how sad when the time came for their departure
We all spent the first weekend settling in, and in this we were insFJired and helped by the wonderful Ser vice in the Recreation Marquee on Sunday morning with mu s ic by the Liverpool Raiders (and how heartily we sang), followed by a stirring address by the Bishop of Swansea.
Every day in camp was exciting andfull of activities of such variety that no one could fail to find something to suit their individual taste!
The facilities both on the camp site and outside were tremendously good including two swimming pools and two gymnasiums. Every evening there was entertainment including a cruise in the Bristol Channel, for which there was a boat to take every camper, a camp talent night and on the final night we. had a splendid fancy dress parade, when we hardly recogrused each other!
The early morning inevitable "chores" having been accomplished by the Duty Group for the day there was the most im12ressive moment of Flag Break as we had a fine array of flags, thanks to our overseas friends.
Our Resident Chaplain prepared us for the day with camp prayers, but of course no camp can be without the inevitable hitch, and there was the morning when one flag would not behave as it should and the other morning when the loudspeaker would hard1y let us hear the morning prayers. Then, of course, there came the time at the end of camp when a flag pole was missing-but only temporarily I . hasten to add.
On Monday, the day of the visit of H.R.H. Princess Margaret, I think every Cadet and Officer was eager to get 18
co nt inge nt w h o attend ed th e Int ernati o nal Jubil ee C amp in W al es w h er e th ey gav e a spirited d e m ons trati o n o f so m e of th e ir nati o nal dan ces
on with their di s plays and exhibitions. The 30-acre area o f Singleton Park fairly " buzzed" with activity. People were demanding all sorts of things from plasticine to synthetic grass. It seemed. that .we would never be ready, but , of course, as true FIrst Alders we were, and I am sure that as the Royal car approached the cheers that went up from the Cadet s lining the route could be hear d for miles
The radiant Princes s toured the huge sprawling canv a s village in brilliant sun shin e, a sking ques tions about the organi sation and varying a s pect s of the camp it self, a s well as the work of the Brigade.
After visiting the kitchen s (manned so kindly for us b y tbe W.R .V.S .) , Princess Mar gar et wa s introduced to our Overseas Officers and Cadets, and each G r oup wa s read y with their display. South Afri ca's demon s tration of snake shark and spider bites wer e so reali stic that I could see Her Royal Highness reco il on seeing the wounc s
The Ro yal party , including the Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan, the Mayor of Swansea, The Prior the Commissioner-in-Chief Sir William Pike, the Super intendent-inChief, Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock, the Chief Commissioner for Wales and the Chief Superintendent for Wales , Lady Traherne, watched a Physical Training Display given by Northern Ireland Cadets and a Maltese country dance outside the overseas pavilion.
The Princess visited the Camp Hospital, which was coping throughout the week with casualties ranging from fractured limbs to appendicitis , and then , with our Camp Commandant, Princess Margaret then moved on to an outdoor display depicting activities in which the Cadets would specialise during the res t of their time in camp.
The outdoor display field covered a large variety of activities and included a demonstration by the St. John Lifeguard team who now regularly patrol our coastline also a very exciting assault course amongst the trees, later I even saw our Training Officer swinging in a most alarming fashion. Our St. John Inshore Rescue crew who operate in the Towy Estuary, were having to make with dry land for their exhibition, and so did those who gave a canoeing display.
(Continued on page 31)
LANes
N AL OFFIC E R E. C. F ORBES Hitcbin Ambul a nc e Di v ision , He rts. Mr Fo rbe s' a ctio n in dealin g with a sev erel y inj ure d cas u a lty w as, it is s tate d , und o ubt e dl y r e p o nsibl e fo r saving the li fe of a wo rkm a te The victim h a d be en cr u shed b etw een a bulk milk lorry and a lo a din g b ay. The fe mo ral ar tery was sever e d a nd Mr. For bes gr ipped it betw ee n hi s fin gers until th ey rea ched ho sp i ta l. M r. Bea rton M a n agin g
Direct or, Lea V alley D a iri es L td a l so dr ew a tt ention to th e in stru cti o n s Mr For b es gave f o r no tify in g the p olice and th e ho spital. A rep r esenta tive o f th e L u to n & Dun s ta bl e H os pita l t el ephoned t o say h o w efficientl y h e h a d de a lt wi th a grave situ a tion.
AMBULANCE MEMBER WILLIAM STEVENS
Abingdon Ambulance Divi sion, Berks The St. John Ambulance resCUe launch w as p a trolling nea.r Abingdon Br idge on the Th a mes when an eight-year-old bo y fell into the r iver. The boat could not get in shore becau se o f rocks , so Willi a m (aged 16 a nd recently tra ns f err ed fr om the C a det Divi sion) , dived in f ully clothed a nd manage d to bring the small boy alongSIde the rescue c raft Oth er member s of th e crew on du ty th a t afternoon , who witne ss ed thi s brave act, were A I M. Br i a n Banting a nd N 1M. Helen Terr y. The boy was ta ken b y a nother member to hospital fr om which he was allowed to go home later.
DIVISIONAL OFFICER JOHN OAKLEY
Halesowen Ambulance Cadet Division , Worcs Following an ex plosion in a mobile conver sion workshop belonging to the North Eastern Gas Board in which eight men, including John Oakley were working, seven of them escaped, suffering from burns. As soon as John 19 r ealised th a t hi s w
caped , he rushed b a ck
SERGEANT FRANK WEBB
Maidenhe a d Ambulance Division Ber
Mr. Webb gave Fir s t
NURSING MEMBER M rs . JOAN WEBB
Okehampton Nur sing Divi sion , Devon. She was ca lled to help a nei g hbour a nd en tirely un a id e d deliver ed a p r em a ture b a b y in th e br eech p os i tio n Th e ba b y was cyanosed but re sponded to mouth-to-mouth a r tifi ci al re spir a tion af ter a b o ut fift e en min ut es. Th e 2 lb 4 oz. baby boy wa s ta ken to the P r ema tu r e Bir th U nit , City Hospit al , E x eter, and was r eported th e nex t day to be doing well. D r. E. P ear ce-Jo we tt , O ke h a mpton , who attended th e ca se comm e nt e d h ow pl ease d be w a s with the efficiency with which Mrs. Webb had acted and that she did a marvellous job under difficult conditions.
NOTE.-M erit o rious S erv ice C ert ifi cat es ar e award ed only when life-savi n g acti o n in v ol ve s th e resc ue r riskin g his o w n li fe . W e ar e all p rou d of D 10 Forb es , Mr. St eve ns, Mr. Oakl ey, Mr. W e bb and Mrs. Joan W e bb.
MALTESE CADETS.
HAPPY EVER AFTER LANes.
MISS JOYCE KIRKHAM AND MR. GORDON CAMPBELL were married in September at Fulwood Parish Church, Preston. A new slant on the merger of the two Foundations. Miss Kirkham is Divisional Officer of "C" Division, Preston Corps and Mr. Campbell is Secretary, Headquarters Division and Honorary Treasurer of the Preston Association Centre. Mrs. Campbell was made a Serving Sister of the Order of St. John in recognition of her services to the Brigade, including beinR a member of the Joint Red Cross/St. John Relief Teams in Cyprus during ·the 1963/64 emergency. After their honeymoon, spent in Amsterdam, they have returned to their St. John activities and are running a First Aid course together.
SUSSEX NOTTS.
GRAND PRIORS MARRY. Nursing Member Jennifer Towe and Divisional Officer Stephen R. Strange were married in September at St. Mary's Church, Notts. Both come from St. John families and gained their Grand Prior's badges. The bride and groom have recently returned from serving with theR.A.M.C. in SinRapore. During their stay there, Stephen was Divisional Officer of the AngloChinese School Cadet Division. They are now stationed at the Royal Herbert Hospital, Woolwich, completing the final stages of stlldying as State Registered Nurses. As a result of their service in Singapore the Crawley A/e Division has started an International Friendship course and correspond regularly with cadets in Singapore. The Guard of Honour was provided by members of the Thorsby Nursing and Crawley Ambulance Division
Lancashire Evening Post
PRO FIDE
- For Faith
The Lord preserve us in the number of the Faithful;
The LQfd grant us means and opportunity to do good, Resolution to preserve, and grace to attain happily
To th€ bl€ssed inheritance of Eternal Life; That like as charity hath unit€d us on earth, So the Divine Mercy, which is the h€lp and support Of love, may vom:hsafe to unite l;lS with His Faithful Ones in Heaven, through th€ good gift of Jesus Christ
Our Lord, who liveth and reigneth with the Father and Th€ H@ly Ghost, ever one God, world without encl.
Amen.
PRO OTILITATE HOMINUM
- For the Service of Mankind
Let us pray God, through Jesus Christ our Lord, That as we wear the sign of our Redemption, So we may ever remember in our lives that its Four Arms symbolise the Christian VirtuesPrudence, Temperance, Justice and Fortitude; And its points represent the eight Beatitudes, Which spring from the practice of these virtues; And that its whiteness is the emblem of that Purity of life required in those who fight for The defence of the Christian faith and live For the service of the poor and suffering.
Amem.
"THE OLD AND THE NEW." Lord Haldane inspecting nursing members in 1917.
The lady in the feathered hat is thought to be Miss Mary Coulcher, founder member of the Ipswich Division. She was an ardent church worker and was so moved by the distress she found when visitinR the poor and needy that she was prompted to enrol and train a group to help nurse and give first aid to the sick and injured.
MARY COULCHER
SUSSEX
FIRST CLASS FIRST AID
CPL. FRANCES GOWING of the Brighton (Dorothy Stringer) Ambulance and Nursing Cadet Division was congratulated by the ambulance attendants and Newhaven Police for her expert handling of three badly injured people involved in a road accident.
The casualties, one suffering from head injuries, one with severe facial cuts and the third with leg wounds, were able to be transported immediately to hospital without further treatment when the ambulance arrived.
This is yet another instance when we can all share in the congratulations to one of our young members for showing courage and skill in an emergency.
21
NURSING DIVISION, IPSWICH, TODAY. Back row, left to right: Nursing members Mrs. Harricks, Mrs. Bryant, Miss Chambers , Mrs. Mayes Miss Corbyn, Miss Mee and Miss Whitman. Front row, left to right: Divisional Superintendent (5) Mrs. Durham, " Divisional Superintendent Mrs. Cooper, President Mrs. Gooderham, DIVIsional Officers Miss Lloyd and Miss Cowell.
CASUALTIES UNION
TIONAL FIRST AID COMPETITIONS
'. Commissioner-in- Chief Presents Awards
"DAILY EXPRESS"
TROPHY
THE "DAILY EXPRESS" CHALLENGE TROPH Y being presented by Sir Trev o r Evans , C.B.E. (Director, Bea verbrook Newspapers) to th e winning t eam in the first Nationa l First Aid Comp etition Jor Industr y, Th e Duckmanton Central Workshops Team, who represe nt ed th e Nationa.l Coa l Board Ancillar y Undertak ings. Team : Capt D. Pa shley
N o.2 . B Groves
No.3. W. Clegg
No.4 C. Vardl' R es. G. Baldry
Mackay; James Farry; JQhn Robb and Adam Tod.
(Right). THE JOHANNITER UNFALL Munich team from Germany receiving their trophy as runners-up in the International Contest.
(Below) SUFFOLK POLICE "A" team tied with Thames Valley (High Wycombe) team as winners in the First Aid and D z'agnosis o pen contest They came second in the Bu xton trophy for highest aggregate marks.
JUDGES:
MEN'S TEAM TEST: Dr. J. Fairlee, of Lewes
WOMEN'S TEAM TEST: Dr. R. H. P. Fernandez, of Bristol
INDIVIDUAL TESTS: Dr. Alex Franklin, of Laneaster Gate, London; Dr. T. L. Scott, of Christ's Hospital; Dr. W. T. Richardson, of Hull; Dr. Peter :Brown, of Liverpool.
Trophies and plaques were presented by Mr. A. Wolstencroft, C.B . (Man aging Director, Posts and Giro.)
ST. JOHN H O USE JU ST THE PLACE FOR
JOHN
H .M . THE QUEEN'S VISIT TO ST. J O HN'S GATE
Care of the Older Citizen, Part II. 3,000 miles "Hello" to "Hello Girl." Mo b ility for the Disabled. Grand Prior's Competition, Pictures and full results. P ony Trekking
"D A ILY EXPRE§§H
Industria l F.A. C omp o
THE FIRST EVE R NATIONAL FIRST AID COMPETITION FOR INDUSTRY, sponsored by the "DAILY EXPRESS" and held at Friends Hou s e , E us ton , L ondon. Th e I.C'!' team 0/ H illhouse were runners-up. Fourt een teams took part and the competition wa s won by the National Coa l Board Work shops team. Picture sho ws Hillhou se team : Jim Fit zpatrick , J ohn Martin , ,Lionel Harris , Harry Smith , Tom But cher, Norman Garts ide.
Results on page 23.
G.P.O. MEN'S SECTION NATIONAL FIRST AID FINALS WINNERS
Te lecommunications, East Area, team, dealing WIth the pub bra wl during the competitions. M embers 0/ the tean: were: Capt. T G E. E vans, G. R La wrence, C. E. BIshop, M. E. He witt and standing-by in reserve (not in the picture) J. Wheeldon.
In a ction London Tel ecommunications R egion (Sou th A rea) t eam' Capt Mrs J Watts , Mrs. O Stubbins , Miss M. Harlo w and Mi ss J Campbell. There was a chang e in the fearn , Mis s Campbell , who was in reser ve , be came N o.4 (in pla ce 0/ Miss P. Pullen) and M rs P. Johns on (no t in the picture) came in as rese r ve
25
SHIREMOOR MAGNIFICENT NEW
H.Q. On October 4 Viscount Gort opened the new Headquarters-the result of seventeen years fund-raising efforts-which cost £12,000. Viscount Gort is Chairman of the Du.rham St. John Council. Mr. R. Bellwood, DirectrJT St. John Ambulance Association (Chairman of St John Council for Northumberland), received the title deeds. The dedication servic e was conducted by Colonel the Rev. R. Atkinson. The celebration cake, decorated with an eight-pointed cross, was made by Superintendent (N.C.) i\1rs. Harper and cut by Miss E. Archer, one of three Brigade members who received Vellum Votes of Thanks on their retirement. The ceremony was attended by man y local dignitaries.
Basic First Aid No. 3
By J. M. PARK
Regional Ambulance Secretary
WHEN you look at a human body the first thing you see is the skin: the average adult human body is covered with about 18 square feet of it. The thickness vari es from very thin over the eyel ids to quite thick on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Owing to the large area which it covers the skin is very prone to injury; and any break which occurs in it is called a wound, and this term covers every type of skin break, from the trivial scratch to the severe body injury. It follows that wounds are by far the commonest reason for first aid.
I
OBITUARIES I
Dear Editor,
You ask in your September issue why more girl Cadets receive their Grand Prior Badges than Ambulance Cadets.
It is with the deepest regret that the deaths of the followjpg members of St. John are announced:-
Mr. Sidney Cole, President, Winfarthing Division, Norfolk.
Surgeon Captain C. P. Collins, D.S.C., M.D., D.P.H., R.N., Officer Brother of the Order of St. John, Portsmouth, Hampshire.
Dr. W S. Coutts, M.B., Ch.B., retired Corps Surgeon, W orcestershire.
Mrs. Mary Gibbs, retired member of the Brigade and a Serving Sister of the Order, Hull, Yorkshire.
Mrs. Emma Brazier Lewis, retired Superintendent, Harwich Nursing Division and Serving Sister of the Order, Essex.
Mr. Arthur James Loder, founder member of London Telecommunications Region Division.
Mr. Robert Ellerton Murthwaite, former Corps Superintendent, Lancashire.
Mr Gordon Pennington, former treasurer, Bridgnorth St. John Ambulance Cadets, Shropshire.
Mr. Thomas Howey Smith, one of the f(i)unders of the Brigade in Hepburn, Co. Durham.
Dr. R. N. P. Wilson, M.B., B.Chir., Divisional Surgeon, Whitby Ambulance Division, Yorkshire.
As a member-in-charge of an Ambu lan ce Cadet Division I find that the set subjects are extreme ly dull and allow the cadets no room to display their talents or encourage them to stand on their own two feet.
What boys these days are interested in cooking, handicrafts, etc.
What is needed is a more flexible set of subjects devoted to improving cadets' responsibilities and in vent iveness to help them to become good, responsible senior members.
When they are promoted to senior divisions they are expected to do public duties and act responsibly if they are left in charge. .'
Cadet badge subjects shou ld help train them for thiS and allow them a much greater participation in projects individually or in a group.
Cadets should be encouraged to camp more and the o lder cadets should be encouraged to camp on their own and also take charge of younger cadets, participating and organising these camps themselves.
Camping is only one of many ways cadets can learn responsibility.
We should not molly-coddle them and arrange set lectures, they must learn, can learn, to fend and act for themse l ves.
Yours sincere ly, Arthur Meads, C7 Southall Ambulance Cadet Division.
This was the only letter received on this subject. There must be more members, and cadets in particular, who have views. Please note that contributions of any kind can be submitted to the Editor diIiect from any individual- the ban on direct comments to the press does not apply. The "Review" Management Board is anxious to encourage direct The only ban is that no attack @n an individual, either named or by implication, will be published. A nom-de-plume may be used provided that the author's .full name, and is given in confidence to the Editor, and will not be divulged without the writer's written permission.-Ed.
A wound allows blood to escape from, a nd harmful germs to enter, the body Once inside, they start to grow and multiply. It is , therefore , important that early treatment should be given to cover the wound and by so doing prevent further infection.
Wounds vary in type , but those mainly dealt with are: Incised wound-a straight cut from a knife, chisel, sheet metal , glass , etc.-this type bleeds freely.
Lacerated wound-a tearing wound with ragged edges -ca u sed b y m a chiner y, claws of an animal, etc.-bleed less freely than an incised wound.
Contused wound -a crushing wound with the flesh around bruised and injured-caused by direct blow with a hammer, spanner, or crushing by machine rollers, etc.
Pu.nctured wound -a deep stab, caused by needle , knife, bayonet or stepping on a n ai l- may bleed very little or not at all.
Gun-shot wounds ma y come under any of the above types.
Abrasion wound -a scraping wound or graze-caused by a file , sandpaper or emery cloth.
Treatment- To all wounds we apply a dressing, which has a threefold purpose:
(1) Lessen infection
(2) Prevent further injury.
(3) Control bleeding.
The ideal dressing fo r wounds is a prepared sterile dressing (this is the type obtained from a First Aid Bo x), and it is enclosed and sealed in a protective covering.
Emergency dressings can be made with a clean handkerchief freshly laundered towel, etc.
Method of Application
STERILE DRESSING
(a) Before applying-if possible, wash y our hands thoroughly with soap under running water.
(b) Loosen protective covering and remove the dressing.
(c) Expose the dressing as little as possible to the air.
(d) Do not breathe or cough over it.
(e) Avoid fingering the surface of the dressing to be applied to the wound.
(f) Do not handle anything else which is not clean.
EMERGENCY DRESSING
(a) Avoid touching with the naked fingers any part of the wound or any part of the dressing which will be in contact with the wound.
(
b) The object is to prevent further contamination by germs
The above dressings should be covered with a pad of cotton wool (or other sof t , bulky material) extending well be yo nd the wound area, and be retained in position with a bandage.
If the wound is in an upper limb, it may be necessary to rest the arm in a sling.
Wet Dressing-a cold water compres s may help to limit bleeding and swelling under the skin, viz , contused wound.
Make a cold compress by taking a thin towel, piece of lint , flannel , cotton wool or handkerchief an d soak it in cold water. Squeeze out the water so material does not drip, do not wring it dr y. Keep compress wet by dripping on more water as necessary.
Remember cleanliness is essential in the pre'vention of infection when dealing with wounds.
(These articles are rep rint ed by courtesy of "A HEAD. ")
Whitley Seaside Chronicle & Gu ar dian
WEEKEND CAMPS with the
FARNBOROUGH AMBULANCE DIVISION
By Div. Supt. L. E. GAINES
CAMPING always seems very popular with The Farnborough Ambulance Cadet Division have for the past three years arranged series of Weekend Camps. All Cadet Divisions, where the members are keen on camping and are unable to hold an Annual Summer Camp, should try these short period camps. For the benefit of such Divisions, I feel that the experience of Farnborough Cadets will be of some help.
HOW IT STARTED
At the beginning of 1965, $everal of the Cadets wished to take the Camping Proficiency Certificate. As most Brigade Members are aware, one of the conditions of this examination is that the Cadets should have at least two weeks' practical camping experience. At this time had no .one ll: the Division with a Camping Warrant and Bngade Regulations (Appendix 0) $tates that only short camps for groups can be held without a Camping Warrant. Permission was granted for the boys' fortnight experience -for the examination to be made up of weekend camps and so the idea of weekend camps was born.
The next task was to find a camp site. Local farmers were contacted and we were given permission to camp on two farms. The Division had no camping equipment and this, at first, was thought to be a great problem. However, some Cadets had tents and sleeping bags, etc., and by the time- .of the first camp, several friends had offered the use of their equipment. Only one more thing had to be settled and that was the question of transport. A request to the Cadets' Parents Association soon sorted this out. Everything was finally set for the first camp which was to be an experiment.
THE FIRST CAMP
On the Drill Night before the first camp was to be held, the boys who were to attend the camp were given instructions. There would be no charge for the camp. Each camper had to work out his own menu, sl!lpply his own food and do his own cooking. On the Thursday before Easter, the Cadets met at the Headquarters at 6 p.m., complete with food and as much equipment as they could lay their hands on.
28
The rest of the equipment, which was on loan, was soon packed into the waiting cars and vans and travelled to the farm 18 miles away. Before it was dark, the boys .on arriving at the site soon had the tents erected and the latrines, grease, refuse and soakage pits dug. A quick brew-up and a snack and then all turned in for the night. Like most camps, no one seemed to sleep the first night and the campers were up early in the morning. Taking advantage of this, the camp was soon completed which included constructin!? trench and making many camp gadgets. SIgns leadmg from the main road to the camp site were also erected. The boys working in pairs did their own cooking and other jobs in camp. at camp included games and sports! sIgnallJ?g, natural history, hikes, and map readmg exerCIses where the campers were taken out by cars to a point about six miles away. They were given the map reference of where they were and a reference of the camp site and they had to make their own way back. A car at intervals covered the route to see that all was well. This exercise has proved to be well liked with the campers.
On Easter Monday after dinner the transport arrived to convey the boys back to the Headquarters. On this camp we had 12 campers and four tents supplied more than enough room. The weather, although dry, was cold, but everyone enjoyed themselves and as this camp had been so successful, six more that year were arranged.
PRESENT CAMPS
Since we started these camps we have collected more equipment and every camp held seems to add more to that we had originally. We now have available for - use of the Division, five sleeping tents 6ft. x 6ft. to 8ft. x 12ft., three store tents, one frame tent, one kitchen shelter and enough general equipment for over 20 campers.
We now make a fee of Is. per member per camp towards any unforeseen expenses and for the upkeep of the equipment. At the start of each season all members are issued with a leaflet containing all the information required. About seven camps a year are now held. Our main camp is 18 miles away and the farmer and his wife, who are both very interested in the Division, have given the boys their own camp site for use at any time and completely free of charge.
(Continued on facing page)
Weekend Camps-cont.
ADVANTAGES OF WEEKEND CAMPS
The main advantages of these camps are that no Camping Warrant is required. It provides a cheap and enjoyable weekend. The boys have m ore practise in constructing and laying out camps, as this is done several times a year instead of once at an Annual Summer Camp. It gives plenty of training and experience and prepares Cadets for longer camps. For those who cannot attend longer camps, it gives a chance to study for their Camping Certificate. The Parent Association has given a Camping Proficiency Cup which is eagerly competed
We now have a holder in the Division of Camping Warrant parts 1 and 2 and last year we held our first Summer Camp for a week in the New Forest. We shall still, however, continue with our Weekend Camps. Camping develops new interest and the boys learn to live with each other and help each other. They als o learn to look after themselves under different conditions. It is the intention
REVIEW CROSSWORD No. 11
Compiled by W. A.. Potter
ACROSS of the Division to have as many boys as possible 1. pass the Camping examination.
Potent alkaloid producing violent tetanic convulsions. Breathe with difficulty gas and elemental phosphorus. Where an insect may cause fright and pain. To all Officers in charge of Cadets, ask your 11. Disturbed males ruin cartilage of knee-joint. members "Who is interested in Camping?" You 12. Hiding limp and sore makes earne s t request. will be surprised. I was, for in our Division, 100 13. per cent said that they were, and that was why . 15. Part of alimentary canal on Panama Canal. Latches for shoulder-bag. 17. we started. Why don't you do the same? You won't 19. regret it and it will greatly add interest to the 21. Rum soon up set in open south-facing part of house.
Instinctivel y allay irritation of skin. A tooth between the canines. Division and amongst your members. I know, we 22. Ginglymus of a lower limb have proved it 24. Support a pain; Lumbago for example.
27. Wasting of body from lack of nouri shment.
28. Spade providing base for ointments.
29. Requirement is two-thirds of needle
IS IT RIGHT? IS IT WRONG?
In the November issue the article on Road Accident After <;:are is one of the most interesting for some time, but a little more on the removal of the casualties from the scene of the accident would be most useful.
Many First Aiders may feel the urge to get the casualty to hospital quickly before the ambulance arrives. But should we not think of the chances of the condition getting worse. What then?
The casualty could go into shock quite quickly-depending on the nature of the injuries and, perhaps , go into a coma. Are we then in a position to carry out the proper and drive a car? The answer is, of course, NO. Gomg to the next phase, our casualty could cUe-then how would we feel?
Thinking these points over must make any First Aider realise that the casualty is best treated and comforted until the ambulance arrives and takes over.
G.1.
COLE. Lay Instructor, Sussex 29
30. Bums requiring very wet dressing DOWN
1. Its colour can be a valuable diagnostic sign.
2. Fever of irate chum often permanently damaging the heart.
3 Hundred by mouth for South Pacific reefs.
4. Packed to control epistaxis.
5. Between return of men and little sister is direction for God of retribution.
7. Make void from ulna broken round pole.
8. Reach any M P. for essential active cells of an organ.
9. Emollient and suppository from fats .
14. Drawing off fluid from body cavity or joint.
16. Ps ychoneurosis of hairy set.
18. Pair of cranial nerves and notch of ulna.
20. Refuse American trash.
21. Imperfect items important when patient is not breathing .
23. Rogue beating ten.
25. A graduate in tree is put to shame.
26. Applications.
MOVE TO BEAT DOORSTEP CROOKS
Pamphlet tells how to spot bogus ((officials"
Theusands of elderly people all over Britain are likely to be saved frem the trickery of b0gus "officials" and other smoeth talkin..g doorstep crooks, thanks to an idea of the Local Gevernment Information Office, in London, whiGh aims to spread a network ef old-age pensioner amateur detectives.
The Local Government Information Office has just published an inexpensive single-sheet pamphlet, outlining in simple terms how the doorstep tricksters operate, and showing what old people-and younger ones too-could expect if they are too trusting with strangers at the door.
The pamphlet also offers twelve simple rules which will help to check if such callers are genuine, and outwit them if they are not.
Every day somewhere in Britain, gullible people are cheated and robbed by respectable looking sneak-thieves pretending to be public officials. Their victims include only the housebolders who are robbed but the local councils which are unwittingly embarrassed by their operations.
Using a wide variety of convincing guises, ranging from bowler hat, brief case and umbrella to honest looking workmen's overalls, their aim is to talk their way into bomes, either to steal, er to their victims to part with money voluntarily by plausible GOnfidence tricks.
The L.G.LO . pamphlet, "How to outwit the bogus 'official£' who trick householders ," has been prepared mainly for the benefit ef councils, welfare and ratepayers organisations, and police authorities, for di £tribution to elderly folk and other potential victims in their districts.
The favourite prey of the doorstep crook is the old-age pensioner. Many of them have been robbed of their family treasures and often their life-savings amounting in some cases to hundreds of pounds. But housewives of all ages, alone in the house during the day, are frequently among the victims reported daily to police headquarters throughout the country.
Sometimes the distress and worry caused by the tricksters has led to the deaths of frail old people--and several cases of suicide have been reported.
Commented a senior police officer , "I suppose there will always be mugs-but there need not be so many if people would only think twice before trusting every stranger wh@ lrnocks at the door. These excellent L.G.LO. pamphlets should be pinned up inside every front door as a reminderthen l'erhaps there would be some reduction in the numbers taken in by these mean sneak-thieves."
Said a ccmncil official in the south of England, "We have suffered several times from the activities of bogus officials. Tbedreadful thing is that the peojDle who have been seen off take a lot of convincing that the council was not in some way involved."
The L.v.LO. is offering the pamphlets to councils at £12 for 1,000 Make certain you warn your family and friends
Appeals Corner
Having decided to dose the Books on September 30 in future, the Appeals Department has, of course, found itself involved this last month in preparing the accounts for audit. Some people have "that sort of mind" but, if you have not, there can be few things more frustrating than trying to make the same figures balance in two different places. Even the adding machine mutinied (oh! yes, we are mechanised here) and wrote all the figures one on the top of the other so that, although it presumably got the totals right, nobody could find out how it did it. Eventually, however, the balance sheet assumed a reasenable appearance and aU that is now awaited are the comments of tme Auditor, printable or otherwise.
In the intervals in these mathematical exertions, much thought has been given to the future. In the next issue it is hoped to publish the prograrnme for next year, but as you all know these things take a great deal of arranging and the necessary details may not be available in time.
One thing we can tell you now , however, is that once again the Rank Organisation has been generous enough to give us facilities to make foyer collections in their cinen:as in 1969. The dates are not yet fixed but we shall be sendlllg out a letter of instructions with all the details as soon as possible.
These collections are one of the most valuable and simple fund raising activities, but all too frequently the fullest use is not made of them.
Every year there are cases where either liaison with the cinema manager, well prior to the performances, was lacking or, worse still, no collectors turned up or they turned up without collecting boxes. Surely it is worth a whole heap of trouble to make these simple arrangements absolutely watertight.
Our next activity here is a BRING AND BUY SALE at St. John House on December 3, 1968. From 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. we look forward to seeing all our friends and supporters there helping to make it an outstanding success. Light refreshments will be available and it is a wonderful opportunity to make a start with your Christmas shopping.
• Do come.
Our grateful thanks are due to the following for their generous gifts:
W. H. Smith and Son Limited.
We have no gimmicks for you this month but remember "Christmas comes but once a year." Just remind all your friends that this is such an expensive season anyway that one more present will not really make the situation any more desperate. They need not give us money altho,!gh, of course, that is always most acceptable and a cheque IS so Simple to write. But people might prefer to send a gift for use in a raffle or tombola for some future occasion. I believe that there are those in all walks of life whose Christian charitable spirit comes alive at Christmas and who, if properly approached, would like to give something either to us here or to their local Division.
But try it and se€ what happens and in any case , A Very Happy, Christmas to you all.
Jumping on the band wagon---don't forget, someone might like the "Review" as a Christmas present. - Ed.
Mrs. Bushm a n, Saxmundham, Suffolk. E. Weedon Shenfield, Essex. Miss Macmillan Glasgow. Col. Mitford Slade, Somerset. Mrs. Bushman, Saxmundh a m, Suffolk.
Mr. Temple MelviUe, W.I. Mr. Richards Aldershot, H a nl s. E. Goodwin, Calverton NOllS. Miss E. D Stewart, Oxford Kirkpatrick New Zealand. B Edwards Bidwortb. Mrs. J Hughes, Glasgow S.2. Mrs. E. Wieck , St. Albans, Hert s W. Archer Hinckley, Leics. W. H. Walker Liverpool 14 Dr. Sharpley, Burford , Oxford. H G. Beard Gloucester. Miss Henson New Bradwell Berks. F. Lane , Annesley , Notts. Miss M Smith , Old Brompton Rd. S W .5. Miss A Benn , Carlisle Lane S.E I Miss Delacy, Fulliam, S.W 6 Hon Mrs. T Stonor N ay la nd Essex. Miss Hughes Dukinfield , Ches Mrs. P. Johnson, Ponteland, Northumberland. Lady Steny, Lennox Gardens, S W.1. Mr. R. Decuds Kenilworth. D D. Powfret, Tenterden. Mr. Chessa ll Twickenham , M iddx Mr. Hills, London , ? Mrs. Bushman, Suffolk. M Rimmington Gedling, Notts. E. D. Waterson , Cheltenh a m. Lady Crofton S W.3. Miss Farnes, S W.l. R P. du Messis, W arr ington Lancs. Mr.
Jubilee Camp-cont. from page 18
Finally, before tea , Princess Margaret watched Cadets from England and Wales demonstrating Grand Prior Badge subjects on which they had been working recently. On her way she saw a camp cooking demonstration at which H.R.H. gave one of our Ambulance Cadets a tip on how to dish up an egg correctly.
The Royal visit ended with traditional Camp fire so ngs and tea in the Officers' Mess.
We were fortunate to have expert tuition in so many fields of sport, and each day there was a choice of riding, fencing, judo, golf, rugby, P.T., cricket, tennis, sea and boat training, swimming, orienteering or other activities of personal choice. The Cadets were keen and eager to learnin fact the Army Youth Team instructors who took an expedition on the Brecon Beacons said they had seldom had such an enthusiastic group of pupils, and it is hardly surprising that we in Wales are proud of our Cadets this Summer.
DO YOU READ YOUR MAGAZINE THE "REVIEW"
Aberdeen. F G. Moore, Cheshire. M a rit a Phillips ? B. Monk Oxted, Surrey. Col. Ben yon, Grosvenor Crescent, S W.1. Miss M. Hare New Mexico, USA. Anthony Chute Cheltenham , Glos
Lady Bo yce, Carcliff S. Wales.
Lady Brecknock, Grosvenor Cres.
C. M Hoffe , Johannesburg , S.A.
Lady Brecknock, Grosvenor Cres.
Lady B arc ay-Harvey, Aberdeen.
J. W. Towey S.W.3. Miss D. Willett D ave nport , Stockport.
R. Mcleanon , Ponteland Northumberland.
D W. Franklin , HenJey, Oxford.
At Camp, thirty-one Cadets gained swimming awards for Life Saving and Personal Survival tests.
Those who wished could go by coaches, each afternoon, to visit places of interest. Cadets and Officers would be piling into coaches and speeding off to Cardiff for a conducted tour , while others went to see the beautiful Dan-yrOgof Caves in the Swansea Valley The keen swimmers went for their swim at Langland Bay , and a few ardent cricketers got a fair team together for those who felt lazy and wanted some entertainment to watch on our beautiful site.
The week pa ssed all too quickly , especially those last few days when addresses were exchanged, farewells were said, and plans were made for reunions, sometin1es to cover hundreds of miles.
When we had struck camp and were taking our overseas friends home with us the thought prevailed that this was not an end, but the beginning of lasting friendships.
Are you a member of your club - St. John House?
ADVERTISEMENTS-CLASSI FI ED
ADVERTISING AGENTS
T. G. Scott & Son Ltd., 1, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.C.2. (Tel.: 01-405 4743)
FOR SAL!:
ORGANISERS of Bazaars, Fetes and Fund Raising. We welcome both personal buyers and mail orders for our extensive range of Toys, Stationery, Christmas Cards and Seasonal Lines at Wholesale Prices. Send for our Price Lists. Also Internationally Distributed Pre-Selected Parcels: 144 6d. Toys OR 72 Is. Toys OR 42 Is. lId. Toys OR Selection Toys Is. to 5s. lId. OR Selection
Assorted Stationery QR Christmas Cards. Each Parcel 54s., plus 4s. 6d. postage. Two or more Parcels 68. postage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (Cuffley) LID., 2a, Handsworth Road, London, N .17. (2)
LESS THAN 3d. EACH: 144 Full-length Conway Stewart Ball Point Pens die-stamped in gold with your Brigade or Charity for only 35s. Pencils printed for the same price. Please print your slogan (maximum 30 letters) and add 4s. 6d. standard carriage.-J. E. THOMAS & SON (CUflley) LTD., 2a Handsworth Road, London, N.t7. . (3)
Cased Crested Cuff Links, 57s. 6d. Medal ribbons Is. 6d each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform, 18 each ribbon mounted on pin brooch; Regulation medals mounted 3s. 6d. medal on brooch. Miniatures quoted for.-MONTAGUE JEFFERY, Outfitter, St. Giles Street, Northampton. (4)
BALL-PENS, Diaries, Note Pads, Keys, Fobs, Pencils, etc., Gold-stamped Brigade name or Personal names raise funds quickly-easily. Details-Northern Novelties, Bradford, 2. (5)
FUND RAISING MADE EASY WITH PENCILS AND BALL FOINT PENS! Pencils by Rowney with HB black lead in the OFFICIALLY APPROVED colours-silver, white and blue., overprinted in black ink with S .J.A. details and badge Also pens by Conway Stewart available ill eight duo-colours, ink printed with S.J.A. details and badge. Increase your funds fast-write today for free saml'les and price booklet to the AUI1IOlUSED SUPPLIERS.-AIREDALE PRESS LID., Dept. F., P.O. Box 60, Street, Bradford, 3
RAISE £££'S FOR YOUR GROUP
HIGH PROFITS MADE BY OUR -FAST SELLING L1NESCHRISTMAS AN" BIRl'HDA¥ CARll:) PACKS. DEC®RAl'H9NS, WRAPPINGS. FANCY GIFTS. STATI0NERY, SEND F0R OUR FREE CATALOGUE
WILTON, ORIENTALS, Etc. FREE delivery U.K. Chinese. - Indian. Persian Carpeu a nd Rugs a speciality. Expert fitting arranged if required. Write stating requiremenu or for introduction to showrooms-LONDON or MAIN cities. DODSON·BULL CARPET CO., LTD.
Showreems: 6 Old Bailey. London. E.C.-4 01-1487971 (10 lines) 83-89 Blackett St.• Newcastle-upon-Tyn!l Tel: 20321 or 21-428 55-61. Lever Street. Manchester. I Tel: 061-236 3687/8/9 (II)
CHILDREN S CHRISTMAS PARTIES. All requirements supplied Toys, Games, Novelties, Carnival Hats, Bran Tubs, Fancy Goods, DecoratIOns, Fund Raisers, Perfume Cards, Sports Trophies, Medals, Plaques, Bingo Tickets and Equipment, etc. EVERYTHING AT WHOLESALE TRADE PRICES. Send for our illustrated 64 page catalogue. Save £ £ £. from Britain's Largest Suppliers.---:SWINNERTONS LID , Dept. R O., Union Street, Walsall. (12)
Candidates accepted at the age of 17 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students, fields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped School of Nursing. candidates, on completion may enter the General Traming School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert Hall, Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. TenDls Court Active Social Club.
Applications in writing to the Matron.
Classifiecl Rates:
Semi-display, £3 10s. s.c.i. (minimum £1 10s.)
NQn- Trade, 9d. per word (minimum 10s.)
Trade, 1s. per word (minimum 15s.)
Box No. 2s. 6d. extra.
Page size (Trimmed): X 7;t".
Screen: Text pages 100
Copy date: 1st of the month preceding publicati@n.
PublicatiCDn: 27th of month preceding cover date.
Agency commissioJ;l: 15%.
OLD EYES FOR NEW
You and thousands more of us - ordinary men and womenmay now give sight to someone who is, at this moment, blind.
Because this is not sufficiently well known, many blind people who could be given back their vision are spending needless years in darkness. You can give them light.
Eyes of all colours are equally valuable, and it does not matter if you have worn spectacles for years.
If you are not as young as you were, do not feel that your offer will be less valuable. Strangely enough, it will be more so: the eyes of older people are even better for this purpose.
To ensure that the greatest number of blind men and women shall benefit, it is essential that there should be many more willing donors than will ever be called upon.
His Majesty King Hussein of Jordan has donated his ey es to th e Order' s Ophthalmic Hospital in. J eru sa lem.
Mark all correspondence "CORNEAL GRAFTING " address ed to: The Director-General , The Royal National Institute for the Blind , 224 Great Portland Street, London, W.l.
Countless lives ha ve been saved by the prompt act ion of trained F ir st Aid personnel. It is tberefore essentla l that st ud ents, whil st training, are emotionall y prepared to face any emergenc ies.
PLASTIFOL Wound R epl icas offer outstanding opportunities in visual First Aid training, opportunities for practical instr uction in treating an injury. They are perfectly safe for the demonstratm to use, are quiGkly attached to the skin, yet free mo vement is po ssible and treatment d oes not damage them. Ideal for demonstrations and competitions. Build up a complete range for yo ur team.
Send 1/ 6d. in stamps for a w lo ur booklet givi ng detai ls of all wound s available, cas ualty faking hint s and suggested incidents.
BROWNING'S LYD.
Dept. J. 69, Aberdeen Street, Hull, Yorkshire
COMMERCIAL UNION ASSURANCE
Appointed insurers for St. John Ambulance Brigade
All cfasses of Fire, Ufe, Accident and Marine business transacted 6rancr:h Office: 17 Addiscombe Road, Croydon, CR9 6HP Telephone: 01-6862434 All members of the Commercial Union Assurance Group are members of the British Insurance Association
TIRED L.E.GS
Now you can wear
SUPPORT stockings
For the woman on her feet all day. Thousands of nurses wear them, also shop assistants, waitresses and the like. Golden Lady support stQckings combine the glamour of sheer nylon with effective support.
AMAZING Low PRICES
Fully Fashioned 19/11
Seamfree/SPANZELLE 24/11 (70 denier) Seamfree/LYCRA 24/11 obtainable by post, money with order , P & P FREE, from: CILLA JANE HOSIERY Co. Ltd, \ 53-55 London Road, COW PLAIN, Portsmouth, Hants.
SIZES :-Small (8t"/9 " ), Mediu m (9t" /10 " ), Large (1 0t" /11 " ) In the 10t"/11 " size only, there are two leg l e ngthsStandard and Extra Long, the latt e r having a 2" long ®r I e (3 " when worn) for women with long l egs and/or fat leg:: and thick thighs.
SHADES:Bf{ONZE-the most popular shade clos®ly follow ed by -. DEBONAIR-medium tan a little lighter than Bronze DARK TAN-darker and browner than Br o nze EVENTIDE-warm grey similar to Mink. Also, BLACK. Requests for literature and quantity discounts welcome
