St John Review (1966)

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MACKS ROAD

BERMONDSEY S E. 16

HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, accompanied by the Chai rm an of th e Ventnor U.D.C. , during her visit to the I sle of Wight last year when Div. Supt. W H. Worley, V e n tn or Ambulanc e Division, had the h ono ur to b e pr esen t ed to H e r Maj es ty. 10

THE ST. JOHN REVIEW

Official Journal of the Order of St . John phlhalmic H pita l, Jeru a lem St. John Ambulance As oelation t. J ohn Ambulance Brigade

CONTENTS

R und a nd b u l wa rd a nd Pr nLaLion mer eL o unL a det amp

me R a l rm

B rig a d -3 b

Obitu a rie

tler lh dilor

r word

Fo urt een- m ont h -o l d Ja n e urt ce h ad a lu c k escape

thr ough th e prompt a nd effic e n action of ur s in g

Cadet Ma r gare Brown (age d Eas in g o n Co llier y, Co. Durham. Jane had tOPI)ec\ br ea th n g b y

tIl e im e s h e Imd b ee n pull e d out of a s tr ea m.

Margare t· was quiek to a ppl y m o uth - to - m o uth res u sc i-

ta ti o n, a h o ut w hi c h s h e jl as s in ce sa id , "1 llad pra cti se d th e K ss of Life o n a dUlllm y , but thi s wa 1h c fir st tim e 1 h ad h ad to do it in lI n e m e r ge n cy Fort un :!t y a ft e r a f ew m inut es th e bah y s a rt e d to 11 m oan a n d g roan. a nd I fe lt her breathing."

IVlar oa r e t n ow a tud e nt N ur e at DT) burn Ho spit:a l Durham h e h as received a Letter of Comm end a ti on f r om th e Co mmi s ion e r-in -C h ief Dr W. H. C r a n s ton of B elf ord, w h o was ca ll ed to t h e ce n e of th e acc id ent ha s sa id th at t ll e r e is no do ubt th at l\1a ga r et saye d th e bab y's lif e, l\1a ga rct joi n ed th e Easingto n Co lli ery ursin g Cadet Divi s ion in 1961; h e aim to 1l1:lke nursing h er ca r eer.

It was with prof o und r eg ret t hat w e l e a rn e d of H M Queen Salot e' s d eat h last yea r , and r ep roduce ch ese ph otog raphs not only as a tribut e t o a charming an d unforgettable personality but as a reminder of h e r v isit to th e hom e v f th e

Order of St. l o h n, of which sh e was an A 5S 0ciate Dam e Grand Cross. Th e pictur e a bo v e shows Queen Salot e b eing r eceived by the late Chancellor, Li eu t - General Sir Henry P ownall. On the left is the Secretary - Gen e ral , Mr. Cha rles Evans

HER LATE MAJESTY QUEEN SALOTE

DE DICATION OF MEMORIAL TABLET TO MAJOR ALASTAIR

QUHART

THE RE C 0 P e r O\l"ll e, S u b- Pr ela t e, ded i clllillg th e M e m o ria l T o bl et.

Memorial Ta bl et to the late Major rquhart G r a nd Prior y Ch ur ch of the lerkenwell , o n D ecember 2nd b y a non hri top her Perowne in the preence of the Lord Prior , Lord Wakehur t. Major rquhart wa received into the Venerable Order in 1945 a a n quire and w a it standard bearer. part from hi ervic o n the ceremo ni al taft of the Order , he gave inval u a bl e ervice a hairman of the St. John Co un cil for Buckingham hir e He wa promoted to K ni ght of Grace in ] 956 a nd proceeded to Kni ght of Ju tice in November l ast year. He erved durin g World War I in t h e Royal Ar tiller y, wa Mentioned in Di patche a n d made a Compa nion of the D 0. Durin g World War II he bec ame econd-in-command of the 5th Battalion of the Home Guard in Buckinghamshire . The ceremony was a ttended b y hi widow ; the Chairman of the St. John Council for Buckinghamshire , Mr G Mobbs, read the Eight Beatitude which are symboli ed b y the eight points of the Order 's Cro s

MAJOR -GENERAL BRIAN DAUNT

C.B., C.B.E. , D.S .O., INVESTED AS COMMANDER (BROTHER)

C

MAJOR-GE - ERAL Brian Daunt

mm ande

(

L o rd Pri o r the L o rd Wakehurst.

Major General Daunt of Wallingford , Berks , was appointed Controller of the British Red Cro ss Societ y's Home Department in 1957.

Major -General Daunt a. dlstIngUlshed military career and served III Indla , France, the Middle East, Italy and Greece.

It was while he was C.R.A., 46th Armoured D ivision in Greece, that he came into close touch with t he British Red Cross, acting as their agent for the distribution of food

After the war he went to India as C.R.A. 10th (later 7th) Indian Division and served in the Punjab during the difficult Partition per iod

He returned to the U.K. in 1947 and comma n ded a Coast Brigade in Scot land a n d Northern Ireland until 1950, when he b ecame Commanda n t of the Coast Artillery School and Ins pector Coast Artillery (Home) unti l 1953 when he was posted t o Malta as G.O.C.

D uring his service, General D aunt ha s st udied and practised modern training methods and has devised ways and means of making the ordina r y su bjects i n teresting His excelle n t handbook , generously made availa bl e by h im and the Societ y for Instructors , is familiar to all keen members of the Association and Brigad e. 14

CHARLES FREDERICK REEVE INVESTED AS A SERVING BROTHER

work

cause of first

n ot b ee n li mited to St. Jo hn b u t a lso t h ro ugh h i contributions to tec hn ica l magazi ne a nd h i enthu ia tic interest bo th in co m petitio n work and in th e development of ca u alty as imilation

Mr Ch arles Fr e derick R eeve b e ing inv e sted as a l}r o th e r of th e O rder at St J o h'.3 _______ _

Recent ly he wrote a short a utobio g ra ph ical p iece for " Civil D efence" a nd it i int e re t ing t o see that it was hi s st ud y of butt e rfiie s when a bo y which led to the wide int e re t in entomo log a nd the study of general biol ogy which ul timately led to hi s c urio sit y bein g a ro u ed in th e fie ld of medicine a nd surgery finally specia li z i ng in bacteriolo gy. Mr. Reev e h as o ld co nn ec t io n w it il t h e St. John Am b u l a nce A soc iation an I B ri ga d e. He formed the Medwa y Bra n ch of th e fo rmer s hortly after the end of the fir t wor ld wa r ; th e branch wh ich was to be co me the l a rge t in th e county. We unders ta nd that Mr. Reev ha officia ll y " retired " but, a a lwa y, h e make a point of atte ndi ng as ma ny St. Jo h n f unct io n as time and the health of hi w ife and hi s ow n wi n permit. W e in the P r ess Office wo ul d like to express o u r warmest co ng rat ul at i. o ns to Mr R eeve on this we ll- deserved reco g n it io n for hi s wo rk, a nd wish him we ]] i n h i retireme n t a nd to thank him for hi s willing h elp a nd su pport.

GIBRALTAR

ST. JOR T AMBULA CE BRIGADE m e mb e rs in Labuan , Sobah, rece l/ll y gave a parly olld 'Siaged a dem onstratio/1, for Mr. A. B Samllel , Secrelory of fhe SI .T o hn A mbulanc e As ocio-

li o n , o n Ih e occasion of his re lir e m e nt 111 Ih e ph o l og raph above, \vhich r ep re e lli s olmo I all m e mbers of Ih e Brigade in Labuan, are Div Supt. A. H Macd ee ll (extreme ri g ht) , ?l1r 'a n7ll e ls and Brioad e Secrelary Mrs S. L Gidd ey. The l ea rn in Ihe piclure belo\I ' is dealill(J willi ([ caSe of a fractured femur.

SIBIB

Herald Gazett e Blackpool

SGT. Mrs. Doris Br ads h aw {reats Miss World, 21-yearold Miss Ann Sidney, for a )1 asp sling 'rvhich she received while posing for phOiographs al the Royal Lancashire Show. Mrs. Br adshmv is a member of Ihe Bl ackpool "A" ursing Division.

TRAGIC PLANE CRASH AT SPEI{E, LIVERPOOL, LAST YEAR.

Report

PLANE HITS MOTHAI{S FACTORY

by W. Pilkington, P.R.O. , No.5. Area, Duke of uancaster 's District.

Every fire engine possible was rushed to the scene. The accident area was cordo ned off as there was grave danger of explosion as well as fire.

The scene was indescribable; fire, smoke, and heavy naphtha fumes made one's eyes water.

I went to the Fire Brigade Control and was detailed to search for the bodies of the two missing women, as soon as the fire was sufficiently controlled to allow us into the shell of the factory.

The crash occurred at 6.l8 p.m. but we were unable to get into the factory till a lmo st 9.0 p.m The smell of burned flesh, and the hindrance of heavy rain, made the task a nightmare.

The Police, and Firemen, a Prie st and a Salvation Army Officer were doing a wonderful job

We were all soaked to the skin and filthy dirty.

I did not see any more Brigade personnel, but

a man came to me a nd said I was in the Brigade in the war, can I help ?"

Inside the fa c tory shell everyone was wa rn ed of the risk of a wa ll t ha t t hr eate ned to co ll apse , but the work went on.

At 10.10 p.m . we found the bod y of one woman, and the second one a few feet a way botb pathetically muti lated and burned. It was a truly terrible job to lift the two poor victim on to a stretcher ' a young fireman had tear in his eye A I helped to get a heet under the sad remain I reaJi ed that , apart from th e war , thi was the wor tperience I had encountered durin g thirty ye ar' Brigade service. My s ho es were burned a. nd to rn and my uniform a write-off.

After the bodie s had been ent to the mortu a ry , we reported to the F ire Control O ffi cer , who thanked us very warml y, and then we drov to our respective homes

i?l PL Y .(o lld i/lllstratin o tli e SlOr), of tILe Bri gade ill action, tlie necessity for trainillo and va ri o us Cade l UCI/ I'll l eS. J? IC tllr e were 11701ll/ted Oil "Dug l o boards which were then fixed t o peg boards P anels a/1d c<?lo llr \\'ere hn /l /(/Ilt red, _ e /l ol\' and greell. A simple wI d effective displu like this canllot fail to artract (l1I('nI/OI7, whereas (//1 ol'e r-I oaded panel merely conf us es tli e pllblic.

P! R H Otn e n l el.nbers of tli e II,. ing Division and Coul1fY Slaff of hrops/zire, who all ended a II ,da? b, pern:: SIOIl of th e Matr oll (// t/le !?- oberl JOlles and Agn e s HU l1t H ospi tal , OSIl.(SIl): I li t. Pl// lClpal 7111 01' of Ih e choal. Ur S1110, Mr. L. H odki lls oll, arrallged the day, and the II (I b lllll il I tli e eco lld (/lIl1 /1 al IrwI1III O day h eld at tli e H o pitol, QII e l'e llt which is very m il ch appl eClated by Ih e member \\'17 0 w e re fo rtl/Jl ole ell(J/Ioh 10 (J((el1d,

IMPL.-.

ROUND AND ABOUT

DAVlD NICOLSON and Nancy Gill jo ine d a party of disabled people fo r a ho li day at Pr esta tyn. They ar e patients at Strathclude Hous e, Carlisle. They are seen here with Mrs. S. Ri cha rdson, B.R.C.S. and Mr. A. Husband, a m embe r of the St. J ohn C ou nty Staff of Cumberland and Westmorland. Two m em b e rs of the K e ndal Ambulance Co rp s, J C B e rr y and Pte C Turner, also assisted.

Harrow Observer

COMMISS10 E R GROUP CAPT. G. H. Piri e, C. B .E., D.L., J.P ., Princ e of Wa l es Distri ct, o p e n ed th e n ew H ea dquart e rs of th e Kin gs bur y Divisi o ns in Wincheste r Aven u e, Kingsbur y. The dedica ti o n was pe r fo rm ed b y th e R ev. Can on Christ op h e r P e r ow 7I e, Sub- Pr e l ate of th e Ord e r of St. J o hn. M r A. E. Hill founded th e Divisi on in 1946, and th e headq u a rt e rs at that tim e was a wooden hut purchas ed for £40 Thi }\ as pulled down in J 96" a lld wo rk b ega n on the new bui ldin o, th e h e ll of l>vhich was co mpl e t ed in 1964 B esides th e main h all , w hich measur es 52 ft. by 24 ft., th e re are a medical co mf ort room, kitchen, two stores' roo m , and a commi ll ee room

M em b e rs au xi li a ri es and f ri e nd 1\ 'o rk ed h ard to hm e th e building comp l e t ed in time fo r th e rece llt ope nin o and d e dicati on. G r o u p Capt. Piri e al 0 pre e nt ed H o no ra ry M e mb e r' Bad ge t o Mr J ones for h er f un d raisin g effo rt s, a nd fo M r C. Dorr e ll alld Mr. M O ' Bri en for their wo r k on th e n e w building. The Evenin g P os t

MEMBERS OF THE SJ.A.B in J e rsey s ta ge d a dramatic d em o n stra ti o n of First Aid w ith (l se ri es of short ske t c h es d e picting th e p o ints of th e S t J o hn C r oss, setlin g o ut th e e ight a llribut es of a goo d fi rs l -aider. 717. thi s pictur e th e nursing m e mb e rs orr, tr e ating a bur st varicose vein. JB

Ronald Do yle

T1-1E EWQ Y D 1VI 10 are now th e proud possesso rs of a mobil e First Aid Unit which they bought fo r £145 f r om funds raised on their behalf by the ewqllay R Ollnd Table. Club m e mb ers also adapted the caravan, w hich has three beds and is flilly equip ped The presentation was made by the Chairman of [he ewqllay R ound Table, Mr. L. V. Budd, and d edicated by Canon C. K. P eeke assisted by the R ev. E. H. M e th e ral A Vote of Thanks on b eha lf of the Bri gade [0 the R Ollnd Table )\'0 propo ed by Divisional Pr esident Mr. T. M Elford and seconded by the Commissioner, R ea r-Admiral L. A. B outwood.

NOT 0 LY I Mr C harl e Wood a well-kn.own persona lit y al o n g th e rood of Hereford hir e, Worce tersh ir e and G l oLlces t e r shir e (/ all R A.C. patro lm an b ll t h e is als o we ll-kn own os ec reta ry of th e Led b llr y t. Jo hn. Division. Mr. Wood wa r ece ntly admitted as (/ Se r ving Br o tlt e r of th e Order of St. J ohn.

FIFTEE -E R-OLD J ean McCl elland, Member of the Holbrooks (Coventry) lI/"sing Cadet Division, curns th e key at th e official opellino of the Everden Lodge Old Peoples' Hom e at H o lbro oks. J ean has assisced regularly at th e Hom e since the fir t r esidents mOl ed in at [he end of 1964. Tribute to Ihe youno people from chools in the district was paid by the Chairman of the Coventry Co rp oration W e lfar e C o mmit/e e, COllncillor J A. praul1g, for all they did for the elderly in the City.

MAJOR WARRA and the Gov e rnor - General opening a first ai d post in P o rt Antonio , Jamai ca. CE!

JOH BE ETT mad e a va liant uf{cmpt t o arrest tli e fa!! of his young f ri e nd T e rry Withers d o wn (I qllorr y face at Vallis Vole, n ea r Fr o m e, Somerset. Th e boy w(/S se ri o llsl y injur e d and J o hn immediately se nt a n o th e r b oy to te l ephone for an ambulance; m ea ntim e h e climbed d o wn t o wh e re Terry loy and t o re off his O1\' n shirt 10 mak e banda ges; h e r e nd ered f ir st aid until Ih e arrival of th e ambulanc e crew 1I'i(h a stretcher.

AWARDS .AND: PRESENTATIONS

Another Gold M edal A ward winner was Lind a A nn Clough (left) who is a m e mb e r of th e Swinton and Pe ndl e bllry Tllr sing Divisi o n , Dllk e of Lancaster's Di strict. (below), both m e mbers of th e Op e nshOl v .C. D iv i s i o n , r eceil ed th eir Gold M edals, Duk e of Edinbur g h 's A ward Schel7le' at Buc k in gham Palac e la s t year from H R f-I Prin c e Philip.

FO R FTRE E . all members of Ih e COl/rtaulds ( C ove ntr y) Fir e Bri ga d e a nd of !11e C Olirt a lild s (Coventry) .J. / l.B Divi i OIl (I 10 r. ) ub -Office r W. Greenaway (A j M ), D eput y Chi ef Offic e r C O F a rr ell (A I M) Aux.

Fir e mon l Cr a ham (A / M) , al1d A u x Fir eman S. F (Dlv. Offic e r ). ?'.'1e won the four -m al: Fir id compelilioll, and S / O Cree/wII ' ay won the lll dlvidual Ev e nt competItIOn aoa lnst teams from all ave / th e cOlll1try.

AF R 27 Y ARS ' associ(l!ion 1\ il li the Brigad e Mr EIi;:.abeth Fairbairt1 , A rea up e rint e nd e l1t , Midland

A rea, o rthumb e rl and, has re tir e d from a c tiv e duty T o rnark. th e o ccasi o n h e 11 C1 pr ese nt e d with a silv er 1' 0 e bowl b y A / 10 Mis l ane mith Matr o n of Blyth

H os pital , at a c e re m o n y h eld a t th e B edlin g t o n S/(lli o ll

H e adquart e r Ov e r 100 m e mb e rs attel7ded th e pr e s e ntation. Mr s. Fairbaim wa s admitted as a S erv in o Si t e l' in 1956 and award ed th e Civil D efe nc e _5 years' S e n ic e M e da l i l1 1962. She i e sp ec iall y w e ll-kn o wl1 thr o u g h 0 111 Nort ll/l mb e rlalld f a" h e r w o rk for th e e ld e rly and physica ll y h o n dicopp ed (I. t o 1' .) If S / 0 Miss N. Y ell o w l e y ,

Mi s J m e Smith, Comrni i Oll e r R. E. W J ohnsol1, Mr Pairbairn , C Ollnt y S up e rint e nd e nt ( I) Mi M. Jacks o n , and o llnl y Sup e rint e nd e nt (A) lvIr J R. L oga ll. 25

Coventry Evening Telegraph

MR E. r eads the l e tter annollncing that h e has b een admitted as S e r ving Br other in the Order of St. J o hn Mr. Simps on. joi n ed the S.l.A.A. in 1933 and th e Bri g ad e in 1955- th e sam e year in I\'hich the C o v e ntry P o se Offic e Divi ion was fo rm ed and he beca m e Di v Supt. Also in {he picture are (leff) Mr. C. Har!l ess, and Mr. E. G . Wildin o (cenrr e ).

PICTURE

JE IF R alld R(CI-l ARD FLRTH 16- yea r-o ld twillS of th e No rth Bri e r· l ev Cad e t Divi sio l1 , s larl e d th e ir n llr s · i , ;o trainin g 01 St L u ke's H os pit al, B r adfo rd , ill 1965. Ri c h a rd jo in e d Ih e Bri gade in 1962 and was e nroll e d by [-I .R. H Prin cess rvfargar c t 0 1 Ih e Ca d e t R a ll y h e l d at B e ll ev ll e. As we ll as 7 pr ofic i e ncy s lIbj ec t s l owa rd s hi s C r al1d Pri o r's Badge, h e passen his Adu ll Fir t Aid exami l1ation in 1964, alld Ih e ll lvo rk e d hi s \Vay 10\I 'a rd s hi s adlllt IlUrSill O ce rti ficate .I (, lllli/ (' r /IO S heell ill 1// (' Bri oade o nl y IWo y(,a

SOMERSET COUNTY CADET CAMP, 1965

After the wea ther we h ave been h avi n g r ecen tl y it is pl easant t o l o o k back at the ver y suc c ess f ul Somer set Count y Cadet Camp h eld a t St a r cr os , South Devon . To begin with it seemed th a t i t might b e a 'wa sh-out' bu t the storms abated and ever ythin g was in readin ess for the arri val o f cadet from some 20 Ambulance & Nursin g D ivis ion s f r om a ll over Som erset. The s':lbjects for proficienc y subjects la s t yea r wer e ca mp i n g- f or tho e attendrng for the first time- map -readin g a nd Ci vil Def en ce, and the results of the ex aminations sho wed 100 per cent p asses. B ef ore the c amp packed up the officers and seni or ca d et s arra n g ed f or a re -union b ef ore Camp 1966.

C·OMPETITI'ON MARKING SHEETS FOR 1966

S In previou ye ar of the m ark in g h ee t a Llsed a t tb e F in a l of th e Na tion a l even ts o rga ni ed b y the St. John Ambu la nce Associat io n wi ll aga in b e a vail a bl e durin g 1966.

Eac b et will co n s i t of o ne tea m a nd t wo i nd ividu a l te t b a ed on th e ] t edition of th e m a nu al 'F ir s L Aid' plu s upplem e nt s but e xcludin g a ll a pp e ndi ce. (F or inf o rm a tion only, comp etiti o n s o n th e se cond editi o n of th e m a nu a l w ill n ot b e co mm e nc ed until J a nu a r y, J 967)

Owin g to co t pr odu c ti o ns ri in g it has been fo und ne e a ry to in c rease th e c h a rge fo r each se t. Thi i now 2s. 3d. p o t f ree.

Du ri ng t he yea r J 966, 20 e t will b e ava il a bl e a nd o rd e r , whi c h h o uld b e acco mp a ni ed b y t h e nece a ry re mitt a nce, e nt t o th e C o mpe ti ti o n ec re ta ry t. John mbul a n ce oc i a ti o n , ] 0, G ro ve no r r e ce nt , L o ndo n, W I Set wi ll b e ent a ft r each even t w hi c h run fr o m the P o li ce F in a l in M a rc h t o tb e Gra nd Pri o r Tro ph y ov emb e r.

RIG CAD ET D IVISIO , whose t eom lI'on the Cll/lI1in o/1Om Shield ill th e Annual C omp e titi o ns , o r e seen here wirh th ei r trainer Mr. E. C othel and Sup/. Miss M C. C ork llll (t. to r.) C elia C orris, R o ema ry H olsal/, Su;:.al1l1e C ali oH!, Eli- abeth M Ollghrin, alld (stan din g) o ndro C awin. Celia Corris 1\'on the illl1ior individual and SlI;:.anne Calloll' 1\'OS second. This {eum r ecen tl..." compe t ed in the R eoional Comperition (/nd camr fO llr th D ET J\ GEL BALL i S(,(,II her e r cce i l ill g the Moore CliP fo r (he m os t cfficien r cadet ill the Wilt o ll N.C. Di ) ion Wil{ lIir e from Mr . E. B. M oo r e, til e Dil 'i iOI/(/1 Pr csi d c nt. AI o· ill {h e pictllrc i Oi l'. SIIPf. Mr H Ri oo

OUTH-WESTERN AREA, Prince of Wa l e.s D ist rict

Amb ulanc e and Nursing Cadets WOI/. an o utstandil7g victory at th e District Spor ts h e l d at Hu rl ingham

l ast yea r by ca rr y i ng off all th e trophi es. The pic t ur e shows D ·r Ian F l e tch e r, A / S / O M iss D. E Bar f e r, Oiv. u pt. E. 1 Mitch ell with of t h e victoriolls cadets.

Western Morning ew

CA R OL A D AMS (l e ft), Wendy Woodward and J ea n etre Butl e r, of St. B oniface Nursing Cad et Division, b eing congratulated by the Commissi one r tor Plymouth, S outh -West Devon and East Cornwall, Mr. V. O. L ewis, after h e had oresented Grand Prior s Badges to them. By his sid e ;s Mr s E Wilk.ins, Divi,ional Sllperintendent

SIX MEMBER o f th e Douglas ursin g Cad e t Divi si on who hav e received th eir Grand Pri o r's Badges: (l. to r .) Celia C o rris, R ose mary HallOll, Paulin e Quirk , Margar e t Rawlinson, J e nnif e r Clark. e, Mari o n P e nrll ebury.

SOME NOTES ON THE ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS

It may be said that the t. John Ambulance Brigade and the Royal rmy Medical Corp have one important common link which is ummed up in the imple but neverthele s overwhelming phra e " devotion to duty" The phra e need no e planation . In their particular roles without devotion to duty neither the Brigade nor the orp ould properl ' function . Another link lies in the training of the Brigade a nd the orp whi h , in fir t aid at least , goe hand in hand In addition there ha alway been a very happy and 10 e liai on between the Order o( , t. John and the rm Medical D epartment at the Mi ni tr of Defence.

The Ro le he Ro yal rmy Medical orp i respon ible for the maintenance of health, the prevention of di ea e, and the care and treatment of the i k and wounded in the rm in peace and war. (h care and treatm nt al 0 cover oldier' famili ,especiall y in th e da when there are more women and children with the rm than there are oldier.)

It member erve in ev ry place at home and over ea where there are Briti h Troop. In addition to taf[mg military ho pital , field and other medical unit , RAM per onnel erve with Infantry battalion , uni of the rmoured orp and with the Para hute

T h e O fficer

The Officer of the orp are mo t1 qualified medi al practitioner , many of whom are graded a con ultant and peciali t , but in addition there are Officer who are appointed to commiion from the rank a non-medical Officer and who are employed as Admini trative Officer , Technical Officer and Quartermaster

It i not propo eel in these notes to comment on the profes ional work of the doctor of the Corp s e cep t to a y that the tandard toda yare the highest they have ever been

Many advances have been made over the year and new techniques introduced. Much ha been do n e i n the important field of preven tive medicine and the time factor b etween a wound received and full surgery given, including the evacuation of casualties which . being now much reduced by 31

reason of the greater mobility of the field medical units and by the use of helicopters and other aircraft, is minimal.

vVhat i important about this is that the soldier in the field know that he ha the best medical care not merel y avai lable, but actually with him in action , e pecially so with surgery taken practicall y right up to the front line.

The lVlen

The men of the Corp, who can JOIn between the ages of 17 and 25 years, hold the same ranks as the re t of the rmy from Private to Warrant Officer, CIa I, and these rank are graded according to the responsi bill ties of the po t within authorised e tabli hments for the variou medical units maintained b y the RAMC, and they also provide for a ati factory career.

All are required to be tradesmen (and conequently draw tradesmen' rates of pa y) and generally progre in trades i from Clas III to CIa I , each hi gher grading being reached b y e amination after more advanced training and emplo yment in the trade Arrangement exist in mo t trades f or the corresponding civil qualification to be obtained . An e ample of thi is in nur ing man who wi hes and i found uitable (i.e. of the required educational tandard and the abilit to ab orb the training) rna qualify at the recruit tage a an rm y Male I ur e, Cia III, and then be inde ed a a tudent nur e under the regula tion of the General I ur ing Council. His further training, which will lead him up to the rmy qualification of Trained I ur e i carried out at elected militar ho pita} hich are recogni ed a training ho pital b y the G .I .c. , and to who e ylla bu the training conforms. Th u he is trained in all branches of nur ing and after qualifi A.tion a rm Trained Jur e , he rna it the e amination of the G .c. and become a tate Regi tered ur e. Thi training period of about three ear' duration.

T h e Tra d es

The trade of the RAMC are a follow, together with the ivil qualification that ma be gained a a result of the Army training and qualification obtained (ubject of COUf e, to the rule of the variou bodies): -

Physiotherapist

Radiographer

Laboratory Technician

He i oncerned with the treat- Member of the Chartered Society ment of disea e and injury by of Physiotherapists. mas age, e ercise heat and electricity.

He is employed in the taking and developing of X-ray films in vario us dia gnostic procedures and in the general care of X-ray department equipment.

He works under the Pathologi t and is engaged in chemical, bacteriological tests and investigations requiring great accuracy, patience and ob3ervation. Branches of this work are biochemistry, haematology, histology and bacteriology.

Member of the Society of Radiographer

Operating Theatre Technician

Hygiene Assistant Hea lth Inspector

Associate / Member of the Intitute of Medical Laboratory Technology.

Army Trained Nurse

Arm y Male Nurse

Trained Mental Nurse

Mental Nursing Assistant

Ivledica l Assistant

Dispens er

Clerk RAMC

Storeman (Technical) RAMC

He prepares the operating theatre Diploma of the A sociation of and the instruments and assist Operating Theatre Technicians. during surgical operations , anticipating the surgeon' need

Are concerned with hygiene Public Health Inspector 's Certicontrol and by regular vi it to ficate camps, supervision of water and food supplies and the control of insects and other pests they help to maintain the health of the Army. In order to visit widel y dispersed units they mu t drive a vehicle.

Provide the vita l link between State Registered I urse the medical officer and the Regi tered Men tal Nurse patient. Their work involves the care, nursing and treatment of the sick and injured

He is employed in medical estabIi hments on duties other than in hospital wards and is the keystone in field units.

He provides drugs and medicines Society of Apothecaries, s isas prescribed b y the medical tant in Dispensing officers.

He is concerned with the important administrative tasks, both professional and persona] , in medical units and in Headquarters Offices.

He deals with the care, storage and issue of medical and surgical equipment, drugs and vaccines. and he is in effect the RAMC's shopkeeper. 32

RE is one of th

All men of the RAMC must qualif y a edical Assi tant la Ill, irre pective of what other trade the take up , a , being a medical service, an mu t have a kno ledge of fir t aid and elemenlary nur ing . Thi trad however , i a mo t important one and cover a multitude of dutie 0 that a 'knowledge of first aid a nd elementary nur ing" in no wa does full justice to the requirement of the trade. Further notes on Medical A i tant follow, but as Fi rst id has been mentioned, it ma y be well to give orne particular of thi

Fir t Aid

First Aid is regarded with great importance in the British Army, so much 0 that all rank of the Army are required to have a knowledge of it and the whole of thi training i undertaken by the RAMC. It i well known to members of the SJAB that prompt and properly pertormed first aid measures will not only promote recovery or prevent aggravation of the condition of a but may well be the means of saving hfe. Good first aid procedures provide good forerunners to the surgical attention that may be quired later, e.g., the efficient immobilisation of a fracture will in · practically all cases prevent further damage or injury, and in thi connection the Thomas Splint i brou ght to mind This splint properly applied will prevent a imple fracture becoming a complicated one .

33

Promotion

The R MC ha a high proportion of I onCommis ioned Officer and 'Warran t Officers, so ample opportunitie exi t for men with initiative and leader hip to advance rapidly in rank , as well a in knowledge and skill in their trades . The ba ic requirement for promotion and efficiency in trade i the ability to pas educational , military and trade aminations There are al 0 cellent opportunitie for eventual promotion to commi ioned rank a Office r. Great importance i placed on the career prospect of the oldier and from date of joining hi progre s i carefully watched b · the RAMC Technical Training Officer who di cu e with him on joining the trade he ha cho en and advi es him ho b t to go about obtaining his qualification . Thereafter , throughout hi career, the oldier i interviewed regularly and hi proQ:re discu ed and ad i ed.

Training for promotion i pro ided for in three Courses for Promotion - the Corporal' our e, V,; hi h qualifies for promotion to that rank the Sergeant' Cour e for Sergeant and Staff Sergeant, and the Warrant Officer Cour for promotion to Warrant Offi er CIa II a nd CIa Land these our e are taken at the appropriate time during a man ervice.

The requirement over a great man ubje t but it will be reali ed how nec ar thi knowledge i when it i remembered that the duti of

e jo bs of the R.A. .M .e. field units.

MEDICAL ASSISTANTS applying a plaster at pa r is splint fa a casualty in the jungl e.

the RAMC are concerned primaril y with the main tenance of the health of the Arm y and the treatment and rehabilitation of casualties . In war these functions are complicated b y important problems of movement and transportation whic h include the efficient transfer of casualties from battle zones to the medical units where they are ultimately restored to fitness. As sufficient field medical units do not exist in peace as are required in war, the number of regular personnel of the RAMC is not enough to complete these additional units which are made up b y the inclusion of reservists and non-regular soldiers. It is essential therefore that regular RAMC men be fully trained to be able to perform in these units the additional duties the y will be called upon to carry out in war .

To give an idea of the scope of these promotion courses it may be well to state some detail of the junior or Corporals' Course, the s yllabus of which is:Departmental duties

Duties of a junior NCO , NCO il c Linen 34

Store, Pack Store, Quarterma ter ' Dep artment. Routine tran actions with Ro ya l Corp of Transport , Ro ya l rmy Ordnance Corps, R oyal Corp of Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, and Works .

Regimental dutie

Dutie of a junior N 0 in regimental appointments, Military Law, Method of Instructions , Pa y, Man management , M dical documentation, nit Order , Funct.ion of the main department of the Ministry of D efence, Organisa tion of the Army medical services in peace . Drill- as for All Arms.

Field Training

Orga n isation of a Brigade Organi ation and role of the Medical Services in a Bri gade which includes the duties of the Field Ambulance, Field medical documentation , Carriage and sorting of ca ualties, Chain of casualty evacuation to the Advanced Dressing Station , the Geneva Co nvention, Tentage, including ho spital marquees , store tents and shelters, Camouflage and concealment of personneJ, vehicles and tentage, Nuclear war-

fare, j nc]udin g effect of weapon , protecLion , precaulion a nd d eco n la min at i o n

R a di ac in s trum ent a nd s urv eys including ra dia c co ntrol do ses, C hemi ca l warfare no se, b li s le r a nd nerv e age nl s, prot ec tive m eas ur es

a nd re pi ra lor drill afe t y pr eca uti o n s of a r m a nd am muniti o n Hygiene

Army H ea lth o rga ni a ti on a nd h ea lth problem s, a u e a nd pr ead of d isease , ontr o l of co mmuni cab l di eases, Sanitation in th e Ae Jd , F ield sa nitar y a ppli a nces , Food a nd water-borne di ea e , W ate r purificat io n in th e field , In sect -b o rn e di ea e , Malaria and it co n trol , 1n ect i c id e a nd repe]]ant , P reerva ti on of h ealt h in h ot a nd cold climates. Space do not p e rmi t i ncludin g the det a il of the ergeant' and Warrant Officer Com es, but , in a ddition to more adva nced trainin g in the ubject of th e o rp ora l co ur e, the a re inel ud d: -

The Medical Assistant

This trade js the basic one of th e RAMC. It do es not cover nursi n g duties in mil it ary h ospi t als (except for purpo ses of training), but it do e cover the nUJ-s ing i n minor medical units and th e usta inin g treatme nt th at wo uld b e required in the eve nt of large numb ers of casua lti e h aving to be dealt wit h wh e re hospital facilities may not exi t, as wo uld be req uir ed jn nuc:ear warfare, a nd for whi c h is giv en under th e sy ll a bu s k nown as tbe "24 procedur es". T h ese procedures a re as fo ll ow :-

Prep a ration of accommodatio n , r a d iac i ns trument , re ceptio n of patients , b as ic observatio n of p atients , temperature and pulse taki ng, sterilization , ge nera] nursin g care, care of mouth a nd mana geme nt of vomiting, undr e ing a nd was hin g of patients , care of the uncon ciou, bedpan and bottle s. Injectio ns (excluding intravenous) , continuous intravenou i nf u ion oxygen administration, pa sage of ga tric tube. Taking blood presur e, g ivin g fluid b y mouth , b y gas tric or rectal tube, catheteri ation, care of patient on Str _ ker Frame , disinfection and di posal. Burn , tracheotom y, aspiration of chest, lumbar puncture and plaster of pari technique. With hi knowledge of fir t aid and of the above elementary medical and ur gical treatment the R MC medical a si tant is well abJe to take hi place in a Field Ambulance or with an infantry battalion or other unit of corn ba tan t troop

1edical i tant mu t ha ve a ound k nowled ge of the gen eral principle of the

brollghl ill by h elicop l er ill A d ell is Irll ll "fared to h os pilal. The II/ edicol ossi {f llt JIIUillto i ll s u plas/1lo drip e ll r Olll e.

administration and clinical duties involved in the management of out-patients under static and field conditions (including medical documentation). They are also employed in stores and other departments and, in fact, embrace all the tasks in a medical establishment that do not have to be dealt with by doctors, nurses and technicians. They thus play an important part in the service given to the Army by the Royal Army Medical Corps.

RA1VIC Airborne

The Parachute Brigade of the regular Army has a RAMC Parachute Field Ambulance con·· sisting of officers, and men who are trained to give medical treatment to the sick and wounded of the Brigade . All are trained parachutists and in action jump with their combatant comrades , bringing with them their medical supplies. This Field Ambulance is equipped, trained and ready at all times to move to any part of the world in support of the Parachute Brigade.

Medical training is carried out within the Unit and in military hospitals, and field training takes place with other units of the Brigade both in this country and overseas.

Before undertaking the basic parachute course , all officers and men must pass a selection course This course is the same for all arms of the services and lasts two weeks. Those who pass take the basic parachute training course, which consists of eight jumps, at the Royal Air Force Parachute Training School.

The main RAMC trades in a Parachute Field Ambulance are Medical Assistant, Army Male Nurse, Operating Theatre Technician and Clerk. There is no lack of RAMC men for service with the Parachute Brigade and all its members are volunteers. The red beret they all wear signifies a well trained and fit soldier who is conscious and proud of the great tradition of his Brigade.

Young Soldiers

Mention must be made of the RAMC Apprentices and Junior Tradesmen. Just a St. John has its younger element with the Cadets , so has the Army, and the RAMC is well represented with its Apprentice School.

This school is run on good grammar school lines and trains boys to become the future Senior NCOs and Warrant Officers of the RAMC and to prepare them for their trade training. They join between the ages of 15 and 16 2 and must be of good character and medically fit. Final selection is based on a headmaster s report and the grading obtained as the result of a series oE intelligence and aptitude tests.

During their time at the school all bo ys are expected to pass the Army Certificate of Education Senior Test and for those who have the ability the General Certificate of Education , so that later they may obtain the civil qualification of the trade the y are taking. They also receive instruction in anatomy, ph ys iology and first aid to give them sufficient background knowled ge for their future trade training.

By the time the boys leave the school to embark on their careers they are considered as suitah1e for training in any of the Corps trades. There are ample sporting activities, adventure training and facilities for hobbies Although the school is essentially a military one , its aim is that of a good civilian boarding school where educational attainment, development of character and leadership are given priority. Selection is based on quality and because of the insistence of a good standard of entry, the tone of the scho01 is high.

Junior Tradesmen join the Junior Tradesmen's Regiment and the y are selected from boys between and 161- years of age. They continue to receive educational trainin g and are given military instruction as well as tuition from qualified inst ructors for the trade of Medical Assistant so that b y the time they go over to man's after the age of 17, the y will have reached a good basic standard for their Army service.

Conclusion

At the start of the e notes we commented on certain link between the SJAB and the RAMC. We hould like to conclude wit h yet another link:

In the Second World War a Victoria Cross was awarded to L / Cpl. Eric Harden RAMC. He was erving with a ectjon of a Commando troop that wa pinned down by intense machine g un fire. The ection had to retire leaving an officer and three other ranks I ing wo unded in the open Un de r heavy fire from g un , trench mortars,

SGT. JOHN N. COOK

WHY I JOINED THE BRIGADE -3

It wa the night or [he Lewisham train di a ter in 1958 that really decided the future use of mo t of my pare time. A I at indoors , in the warmth an d comfort of m home with my family around me, and watched the tragic cene of rescue amid the horror of the cra h I became a ware of an awf ul fear and emptjness

IE I had been in that crash and had escaped death or serious injury, I would have been of very little help to those around me, and even worse, my wife and dau ghter (then 18 month) could very easily have been lyin g at m y side. their lives slipping away through my untrained fingers.

So it was with a feeling of inferiority I a pproached the local divi ion at South Benfieet a nd embarked on a course of First Aid. After several weeks of skilled in truction I succeeded in passing the examination and that was thatso I thought. But the Officer in charge of the Division had other he saw a further 37

machine guns and rifles - all within 300 yards and some within 150- L / Cpl. Harden went out and calmly administered first-aid, arresting haemorrhage and giving morphia where needed . He carried the first case back to shelter and was wounded in the process, his battle-dress torn with bullets. Further attempts were made to bring back the wounded, first by a tank and then under a smoke screen. Both attempts were unsuccessful as they brought down a further fierce intensity of fire In the meantime Harden went forward again with two other men with a stretcher and brought back a sec ond wounded man . It is not clear whether this act of almost incredible gallantry was repeated three or four times. Snipers could be seen less than 200 yards away taking careful aim. As he carried another man back L / Cpl. Harden fell, mortally wounded, when he had traversed a bou t one- third of the perilous 15 0 yards which led to cover .

This act of gallantry, which has surely never been surpassed, was referred to in the House of Commons b y the then Secretar y of State for War in the following terms: -

" In the newspapers the other da y there was, as the House will remember , an account of the action which won the V.c. ... for a lancecorporal of the Royal Army Medical Corps. I do not remember reading anything more heroic."

The link? Before he joined the RAMC for war serv ice Eric Harden was a Sergeant in the St. John Ambulance Brigade .

H.A.W

member for his depleted numbers . After it was explained to me , at great length , that witho ut constant practice what little skill I had acquired (a t the time I thought I knew the book cover to cover) would deteriorate , I eventually agreed to ign on the dotted line

It was not very lon g afterwards that the ursing Divi sio n gave me a talk on how u eful I could be to my family in times of sicknes if I only had a ursing Certificate. After the tying of many 'gra nn y knot' , and the dropping of man ... bandages, I collected a f urther piece of card to take home and show-off to my lon g suffering wiEe, who by t11.i time was be ginni ng to tire of a ppearin g like an Egyptian Mumm to p ay the baker!

Soon after thi , I moved to Gravesend and was drawn even deeper into the fascinating web of St. John , and now find m self as Divisional Trea urer a nd Storekeeper with further Certificates for Advanced Nursing , Lay Instructor , Casualt Make-up Instructor and N.H.S.R. And the most amazing fact of all- my wife till love me! at least that is what she said the last time I saw her

Obituaries

Mr. STEPHEN MARSHALL

It is with deep regret that we the sudden death of Mr. Stephen Marshall on the 11th November 1965. Mr. Marshall had been employed as Housekeeper at Brigade Headq uarters since 1945 and was well known to all who visited No. 8 Grosvenor Crescent. He was friendly and a man of cheerful disposition respected by all those who carne into contact with him. He will be sadly missed by his friends and coneaaues on Brigade Headquarters staff who will always remember his cheerful whistle and good humour.

Mr. Marshall served in the Royal Navy in both World Wars reaching the rank of Chief Petty Officer before being demobbed in 1945 Prior to his call-up as a Reservist of the Royal Navy at the beginning of World War II he was the Verger of the Grand Priory Church, St. John s Gate and also used to undertake showing visitors over "The Gate". On the night the Grand Priory Church was destroyed by fire following enemy action, Mr. Marshall , who was at home on leave from the Navy, was fire -watching on the roof with his son. When the Church roof was hit by incendiary bombs they managed to extinguish an but two which had lodged in an inaccessible part of the roof and were, therefore, powerless to prevent the destruction of the Church by fire. He was admitted to the Order of St. John as Serving Brother in 1953 and was promoted to Officer (Brother) in 1965. He was to have attended an Investiture a few days after his death but his son, M r. John MarshalL received the Insignia of his late father from the Lord Prior at the conclusion of that Investiture.

Our sympathy and condolences are extended to his widow and his son, in their sad loss.

Brigadier R. A. HEPPLE, C.B.E., M.C. (Bar) M.B., Ch.B.

It i with great regret that we report the death of Brigadier R. A. Hepple , Knight of the Order of St. John , and a member of Chapter General.

Apart from a di tingui hed career in the RAMC in both world wars he had a long asociation (1947-62) with the Joint Committe of the Order of St. John and Briti h Red ro Society a Medical Advi or. hi particular respon ibilities wa the upervt ton oE th Homes for Ex-service men and for retired nur e which are supported by the Joint on who e behalf he never cea ed to tnve to J111prove condition both for the taff and the In a tribute the Briti h Medical J oumal ObJ tuar says "not only had he played a most active part iI) both world wars but in between the war carried out most energetic and u eful re earch a a pathologi t..

All those who knew hIm , or erved under hll1l will always remember him for hi. klndne a nd untirin a efforts in the " Service of Manl ind ".

We like to extend OLI r incere sy mpath to his family

LADY STARKEY

It was with very great regret we received the news of Lady Starkey ' death on lIth November 1965. Lady Starkey was appointed Count y VicePresident (Nursin cr Divi ions) for Nottingham hir e b in June] 946 and alwa y took the keenest mtere t in the work of her Nur in g Division . A a former County Commissioner for Girl Guide and ac; Pre ident of many other voluntary or g ani ations she served her COlin ty well. She will b e remembered with affection by all tho e with whom she was associated in her voluntary work .

Dr. W. T. CURRIE

Torquay has suffered a great los in the death on November 8th. of Dr W T. Currie Dr. Currie became Divisional Surgeon of the Torqua y Ambulance Division in 1938 and in addition served with the Ambulance Mobile Column at Paignton during the war. He was also Chairman of the Torquay Ambulance Management Committee and eluring the whole of his service wa

an extremely active member. He held the ervice Medal of the Brigade and was also an Officer of the Order. We extend to Mr Currie and her family our deepe t ympathy and hope that s he will find ome comfort in the work she does a Pre ident of the orquay ur ing Division , the work of the St. John Brigade, in which her hu band wa uch a great and loyal worker.

Mr. A. B. BROOKS

J reJand Colliery A mbuJance Di vi ion ( o 1 Area , National Coal Board , Ea t Midlands Diviion) have 10 t a much valued and revered member b y the death on December 4th, 1965 of Corporal Aubrey Bertram Brook age 42. Mr. Brook , who wa employed a Overman at Ireland llier . had been ill ince April. The funeral ervi e wa attended by member from the Ambulan e and ur in g Divi ion.

La t year Mr. Br oks wa on e of a part y on duty at the Win ton hurchill tate Funeral. He wa a ouncillor and well known in th tav ley di trict where he lived He enrolled with the Treland ollier mbulance Divi ion in 19 53 and h a d onl recent! g ained hi In tructor ' ""' ertifi at mo t ardent and de oted member , he i dl mi ed b hi man friend.

Tran port u rin g

a ton. wh wa wi Fe of the pa t mana g er of I a t l orporation Tran port helped to form th divi ion in 19 I . It wa throu gh her e ft: rt that uniform wa provided f or the member and in 1954 he pre ented them with a troph y t o b ward d annuall t th rna t efficient member.

Mr . a ton devoted her elf to the work f the Bri g ade and will be g reat] rru e! b all tho e w i th hom he ame in onta t.

Dr. J. E. HAMILTON, O. t. J.

Dr. amilton joined the Bri gade in Ma 1945 a a Divi ional Sur g eon and wa appointed Surgeon to the ur in g Corp in October] 952.

Hi value to us la in hi abilit to in truct.

a nd tho who gained their ir t ld certificate throu gh thi will agree that they learned their work in an atmo ph re of ound teaching wi th the ort of demon tration which brought even the more diffi ult a pect of thi u bje t into their under tanding.

The arne may be aid of hi ompetition a ctivitie Hi epi ode were con tructed to teach one or two le on - eldom more- and to listen to hi criticism afterward wa to reali e that two point of Fir t Aid treatm nt were fL ed in one' memor y for all time

Who will for g et the talJ, stooping figure holding the board with the marking sheet, head forward and to one side , and the occasional " No , don ' t ask me, look for your elf. There may be distortion , I don't know " How often , I wonder , did the Member 0 addressed grasp at the clue and fail to realise the kindly "lead" ?

Dr. Hamilton had been in poor health for orne time but hi interest in the Brigade never waned and those who visited him in his la s t iDncss can testif y to this A grand soldier

Mr. FRANK HIPWELL

The new of the death of Mr. Frank Hipweil in December was heard with much sorrow b y the member of the Sharnbrook Ambulance and ursing Divi ion , Bedfordshire.

He had been their President for man y year and g ave un tinted devotion , he gave extern el y generou financial upport to the Division , but he i remembered be t for hi moral and spiritual encouragement to the members

Man y happy hour were spent in the compan y of Mr. and Mr. Hipwell at their toke Mills Hou e durin g ummer evenings for pract.ice drill and afterward enjo ying refreshment provided b y a charming Ho t and Hostes Guard of Honour wa mounted b the Divi ion at hi f uneral at the Sharnbrook Church on aturday 18th December.

Man · thing can be said and written about him but uffice to a ' We will alwa remember him

Mis M. E. E. SARAH M.B.E. , D. St. J.

There can be no-one now ervin g with the Bri g ade in Bri tol who does not remember that Mi Sarah wa an e tabli hed figure in our rank when the joined To attempt a detailed account of her ervice would require more pace than our u ual Bulletin in total but ha ing qualified in Home ur ing in Jul 19 0 5, Mis Sarah joined the Brigade in 0 tober 1913 , erved through eery rank from ur in g Member to Count uperinten dent in Ma 1953 and on retiring 10 ear later wa appointed ount y ice-Pre iden t, ur ing adet. In both war - 1914 /1 8 and 1939 / 45

Mis arah qualified and er ed a an In tructor in a and R P work , maintaining her Brigade ervi e thr ughout , in addition to the e dutie

A Chairman of Women Advi or Committee he came into 10 e conta t y ith the late Lad Loui Moutbatten of Burma ho e admiration for h r work a 0 often and 0 arml pre ed

Mi Sarah wa created a Member of the Order f the Briti h Empire in the e ear HonouL of and wa rai ed to the Grade of Dame of the Order of t. John of Jerusalem in Ma 1958

Th e weT the outward and i ible award o f her ervi bu t beyond them he will be remembered for her effi ien , her dignit , her gre a t (c o nrin u e d o v e rl e a f)

39

OBITU ARIES

continued

knowledge of ever y facet of St. John work and her unfailing interest in it. None of us ever remembers seeing her ruffled in any circumstance Each of us admired her quiet air of command which, in no wa y, depended upon rank or order , and the attendance at her funeral service in the Church which she also served so well, demonstrated our sense of loss and our gratitude for all that she was to the Brigade

Dr. E. R. WEA VER-ADAl\1S

It is with deep regret that we announce the death of Dr. E R. Weaver-Adams in the Canadian Red Cross Memorial Hospital , Taplow, after an illness lasting two months. He joined the Brigade as Divisional Surgeon in December 1926 and became County Surgeon in 1946. He gained a third bar to the Service Medal in 1956 and he transferred to the Brigade Reserve in 1957 . In recognition of his services he was appointed Serving Brother in 1939; promoted Officer Brother in 1945 and Commander in 1954. Throughout his 31 years' service he was indefatigabje in helpin g all Divisions , especially in the Southern Area. He set and judged countless Competitions , gave lectures on First Aid and ex amined fOT the Association It was a privilege to have known Dr. WeaverAdams. He was a friend and counsellor , much loved by his patients and Brigade

Right up to the time of his death he maintained a ver y great interest in and attended many St. John Functions .

His death has been deeply felt b y all members of the Brigade in Buckinghamshire and the y wish to take this opportunity to ex tend their sincerest sympathy to his daughter, Mrs. Patricia Driscoll. At his wish donations were given to the Brigade in place of flowers

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

FLUORIDATION

Dear Sir , Permit me to refer to your statement headed "Fluoridation is Safe", in St Jo hn Re view for October.

While we appreciate that this is merely a reprint of the Minister of Health's statement, you must surely realise that it is only fair to allow the opponents of Fluoridation to state their case against the project.

We have formed in Canterbury the AntiFluoridation Association and we campaigned 40

vigorously in 1963 , when a petltIOn signed by 2,000 people was presented to our City Council, and the matter was deferred for a year. Now two years have elapsed and a decision by the Council will soon take place

We note that the issue of Mass-Medication is quite ignored in the Minister 's statement, and we are quite prepared to present a strong case against the process. You will, no doubt , be in teres ted to know that many Local Authorities have now r e jeet ed Fluoridation- a li t is enclo sed This surel y confirms that once the implications of Fluoride treatment are presented and under tood, Local Authorities are not prepared to be bulldozed into accepting the Minister 's advice.

We submit , therefore, that in your next issue of the St. J o hn R ev i ew yo u a llow the views of the oppo n ent s of Fluoridation to b e publi shedwe from this Association will be glad to state our case.

D R EYN OLDS

(Vice-President, St. John Ambulance Bri ga de , Canterbury)

W F. R EYNOL DS

(C hairman, Ca nterbur y & Distri c t Anti-Fluoridation Assocn)

11 Tyler Close. Canterbury, Kent.

[A li st of 29 Local Authoritie voting aga in t F luoridation was enclo se d wi th the above letter.]

Dear Sir,

I have seen the letter dated 2 nd December which Mrs D Reynold s of 11 , Tyler Clo e, Canterbur y, Kent has sent to yo u a bo ut yo ur refusal , hitherto, to give publi city to the case a ga inst the fluoridation of publi c water upplie .

I wish to ur ge upon you, in the intere t of truth and fa ir pla y, that yo u sho uld give proper space to the oppo sition to this measure.

To assist you in the matter I enclose some literature of this Association from which yo u will see that the objections , parti c ul a rl y on ethi ca l and polic y grounds , are very serio us .

I am sure that you do not regard yo ur p ape r as the mouthpiece of the Government. You a re a voluntar y Association and dependent upon the voluntary subscriptions and donations of members and the Public and many of these p eo pl e are unalterabl y opposed to the principle behind fluoridation I trust, therefore , that yo u will review your present polic y and allow proper space fo r the exposition of the grav e case against fluoridation

Yours faithfully, A E. Joll (Chairman)

NATIONAL P U R E WATER ASSOCIATION

Dear Sir,

I was sorry to read p 35 of the October numbe r of th e St. John Review , whi ch reach ed me fa irly early this month of November.

There are many controversial matters in medicine; I can think of three which have been the subj ec t of Government action in my pro fessi onal lifetime They are: "Barrier creams ", Smokin g a nd Ca.ncer; F luoridation of the General Public Water Suppl y.

One of these , the fir s t, was rapidl y exploded, a nd no more is heard of it.

The other two are still not proved , one way or the other.

I s ugges t that it does not become the Order of St. John to g ive active support to one side in a co ntroversial issue , and enclo se a ne ws paper cutting to emphasise how controversial this is

Yours faithfully , Robert Percival Coun ty Surgeon, KENT.

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So lut io n to Cro word No. 24.

Ae ro s : 1 Py ae mi a' 5 , Strid or; 9 Blood hed ; 10, Scrub ; 11 , Lea n ; 12 , A l ert; 13, Hee l ; 15 , Mumb le; 16. Gumma ta' 19 , Ida; 20, Sp ast ic ; 2 1, potted' 23. Inc h ; 25 A.com ; 27 , D rug(get) ; 30, R.u.men ; 3 1, Enteriti ; 32. P l a n tar; 33 , Sycos i

Down: 1, P a bulum ; 2, An.o x.ae mia ; 3, M.o. d e; 4 , Ac h o luri c; 5, Su d or; 6 R a h ; 7 , Dir ge; 8 , Rub e lla; 14. C lot; 16 , Gas-tr. i Li ; 17 , Mood ; 18 , Art briti ; 20 , Sti rrup ; 22, Digest ; 24, o .m .m a.; 26 , C h eer; 28 , Unit; 29, Uri

REVIEW CROSSWORD No. 25

Compiled by W. A. P otter

ACROSS

J Painful affection of nerv e , beginning with shin and involving leg.

8. Eye-lid

9. any deep ch a n ges in lining of cerebral ventricles ] 1. Po st ed to equipme n t

12. Slap flow from the fir t emetic ] 3. peech impe dim ent is i n long -player.

15. er e ce ll with a o n and dendr ites.

17 e pain-wi thout difficulty ?

19. Bl ac kleg or natural protection for healing \,"ound.

20 There mu t be many rectal varices!

21. D irection in anti -tetanu erurn for in ect

23. Treatment aimed at comp le te remo al of cau e of di ea e

25. I'm after a lIttle like 15 down .

27. Fe ti ity requiri ng botb general an d local anaet h etic

2 R el ie e leg or trunk from pressure of bed clothe .

30. Fertili er-to nouri h t he keleton ?

3 Talc and rope compounded in mu cle of front of c h e t.

3 1coholic o l ution of vo l atile drug DOWN

1 The h ome nur e may irnprovi e by u ing a aucepa n

2. Woman de ote d to t h e religiou life

3. 11 t h at i needed for a new-b orn infa n t.

4. In o l u n tary mu cle contraction.

5 T h e French fe m a l e in diplom atic ervice i d re ed.

6. pice a nd aro m ati plant m ake carrninati e.

7. hild malformed due to t h yroid in ufficiency.

10 . e fir t a nd foremo t when examining a p a tient.

14 Primary fu nc tion of the J .A.B.

] 5 Tidy cattle ?

16. ea rpen produce a n ti d ote for phenol poi onlng

18 Ca n a l ending a li mentary tract.

22. Shou ld immobi li e the joint abo e a nd below the p art to be re ted

_4 Pneuma tic m att re s for nurs ing paral ed p atient.

_6 Hi tube i u s d to a pir ate sto m ac h ontent

27. Triangu lar e nd of a building

29 . Se n e organ f rom era.

3 1. Hum a n s r et urn in 30 acro .

MEN'S TEAM TEST: W01vIEN S TEAM TEST: INDIVID UAL TESTS:

THE

A

JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION

GRAND PRIOR'S TROPHY COlVlPETITIONS

Seymour Hall, London , W.1, 5th November, 1965

RESULTS SHEET

JUDGES

Dr. W . M . M. D o ugla of tony Stratford

Dr. F. H. Taylor, O.B.E. of Dr o itwi ch Spa

Dr. P J. Ro yl a nc e of King wood

Dr. E . J . M. Hopk in of L iv erpo ol Dr. J. C. D. Mellor of Lo nd on

T J. R ya n of Ey nsham

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Tragic reports arrive daily Many missions are unab le to give even one protein meal weekly Some areas report heavy child mortality from Gastro-enteritis

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TEACHING MOUTH-TO-MOUTH AND EXTERNAL CARDIAC RESUSCITATION J THE NATURAL WAY with RESUSCI-ANNE

• Realistic natural-feeling

• Movable h ead and chin

• Head and shoulders same weight as in a human be i ng.

• Lung capacity and resistance to air approximate those of an unconscious person

o Can be used to teach large groups without problems of contamination

• Can ( with extra attachment) be used for tra ining of external cardiac massage Carotid pu1se can be felt. Simulated blood pressure can be shown when connected to manometer

• Enquiries for Resusci - Anne from organisations training under the of instruction of the St. John Ambulance Associarion should be addressed to :-

THE STORES DEPARTMENT ST JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION , Pr iory Hous e, St John s Gate Clerkenw ell , London E C.l

PRACTOPLAST IMITATION WOUNDS

PRACTOPLAST is natural reproductions of burns cuts , flesh - wounds gun - shot wounds open and closed fractures etc

They are fastened to the skin with a special adhesive and makes free movement possible for the

P RACTOPLAST may be used over and over again anci is economical in use

The realistic appearance of these imitation wounds gives the first-aider valuable mental training This is of great importance in the instruction of first aid and medical training

Complete sets of approximately 30 different wounds and accessories are delivered in practical carrying boxes.

Enquires for PRACTOPLAST from orgonisations training under the syllabus of instruction of the St. John Ambulance Association should be addressed to :

NEW

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'

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Further information and prices available from Parke - D avis "'Tra d e mark

This

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L Y Second Pilgrimage for members of ORDER OF ST. JOHN

LA N D following the successf ul Tour in 1965

MAY 31st, 1966-15 DAYS-BY AIR Only 112 gns.-all inclusive.

Staying in JERUSALEM ; TIBERIAS on the Sea of GaWee; and visiting Bethlehem, Bethany, Mount of Olives, Gethsemane, Calvary, Nazareth , and seeing Medical work in the Holy Land.

Other parties weekly, March to October; all Tours accompanied by Eminent Leaders.

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- Ask also for details of our Tours to GREECE-

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THIS IS DIFFERENT

People overseas are no strangers to Hunger, Disease and Poverty. Death to them is never far away.

Widespread STARVATION IS DIFFERENT.

Throughout Southern Africa especially Bechuanaland the countryside has been in the grip of the longest and most severe drought in this century.

There has been almost total loss of the maize crop-staple diet of the people. Thirst and starvation have meant immense loss of livestock.

Tragic reports arrive daily. Many missions are unable to give even one protein meal weekly. Some areas report heavy child mortality from Gastro-enteritis.

Unless immediate, massive and practical aid is sent thousands will die this year and next year will see another famine.

ALLIANCE ASSURANCE

Generous British Government aid is being rushed to the stricken countries.

Personal giving can also playa vital part.

Please show your compassion by sending your gifts Quickly, generously, lives are at stake.

AFRICAN APPEAL

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THE ST. JOHN REVIEW

CONTENTS

JOSEPH LISTER

by JOHN M. JACKSON

LORD LISTER (1827-1912)

Many first aiders will have noticed that in September. 1965, there was a special issue of fourpenny and shilling stamps for the Lister Centenary. Some may have wondered exactly what was being commemorated and why was it considered important. Did the G.P.O. really need to make a fuss in issuing special stamps just because someone first used carbolic for cleaning wounds?

Since man's earliest history he has always been surrounded by hostile forces which have wounded him and his loved ones. He has had to contend with Mother Nature, red in tooth and claw, who has often made him a casualty. Wounds were the hazard which disturbed any ideas of Utopia. "A certain man went down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among thieves, which stripped him. of his raiment, and wounded him, and departed, leaving him. half dead. But a certain Samaritan, as he journeyed, came where he was: and when he saw him, he had compassion upon him. And went to him, and bound up his wounds, pouring in oil and wine, and set him on his beast,

and brought him to an inn, and took care of him." (Luke, 10, 30-34.)

It is in the context of the Good Samaritan that Lord Lister's contribution to wound management should be considered by first aiders. As Mr. Dickson Wright recently pointed out in " World Medicine", " The scope of Joseph Lister's accomplishments may be attributed, at least in part, to the fact that he was born into a Quaker family in the reign of George IV. For the Quakers shunned" vain sports and places of diversion" and abhorred music, dancing and hunting. In consequence, education and erudition played a larger-than-average role in their lives." It was the compassion which springs from the duty towards one's neighbour that drove Lister to campaign against the terrible wound infection and. its complications of hospital pyaemia and hospital gangrene which hampered any advances in surgery.

As we look back across the hundred year which separate us from Lister's introduction of antiseptic wound management and which opened the way to the complex operations of modern surgery, it is of interest to rlead the letter to his father , dated 27th May, 1865. In this he described the famous case which initiated his observation of the effects of antiseptics and led to his ,epochmaking paper on the antiseptic system of surgery which appeared in the Lancet in 1867. He wro.te:

" There is one of my cases at the Infirmary which I am sure will interest thee It is one of compound fracture of the leg; with a wound of considerable size and accompanied by great bruising, and great effusion of blood into the substance of the limb causing great swelling.

"Though hardly expecting success, I tried the application of carbolic acid to the wound, prevent decomposition of the blood and so aVOId the fearful mischief of suppuration throughout the limb. Well, it is now eight days since the accident, and the patient has been going exactly as if there were no external wound, that is , a if the fracture were a simple one "

And thus started the series of observations in controlling wound infections which have taken surgery up through the antiseptic and aseptic disciplines to modern "no-touch" methods. These allow Lister'S successors to pioneer techniques which may have equally revolutionary results in such fields as spare part surgery and hyperbaric oxygenation.

Just as we now look back and recognise the importance of Lister'S work, he looked back at his distinguished predecessors Ambroise Pare and John Hunter and often spoke of them with great respect. Like many great men the virtue of humility was a guiding principle and Lister would have been the first to echo Pare's famous words "Je Ie pansay, Dieu Ie guarit ", (I dressed it, God cured it).

On Merseyside one can normally expect drowning, industrial accidents and other situations when first aid to the injured is neces ary. With the help of the Admiralty training film "Emergency Resuscitation " and the extra "Re usci-Anne " model which the St. John Ambulance Association has recently made a vailable, the A S1 tant County Director for Mer eyside, Major S· J. Harvey , O B .E., has organi ed six highly succe sf ul film shows and demon tr at ion , a ll well attended.

EMERGENCY RESUSCITATION

The Heswall a nd Distri ct Council of Social Service ponored an evening tow a rd the end of November in conjunction with the Bebingto n Centre , Mr. Le li e G. Ashcroft J.P ., took the chair, and persuaded Dr. ttings to comment on the film and to answer a wide variety of questions from an interested audience. Practical demonstrations were given by Inspector Shield and Sergeant Sephton of Cheshire Constabulary and Sergeant Forrester of Birkenhead Police, while a team of Red Cross ladies under Mrs. Blackburn J ones provided a third model.

The Southport Centre organised an Open Meeting at their Headquarters on 3rd December when, in the absence through illness of Mr. W. J. Grace, the Centre Chairman, the chair was taken by Mr. D. G. Flinn. He was supported by Mr. W J. Robinson, the Corps Superintendent, Major Harvey, and Dr. Caile, the Corps Surgeon, who took a number of searching questions from an audience of some 130 . Members took the opportunity of practising artificial respiration on one of the three models made available

The Regional Director, Mr. K. C. Cook, wa present at Birkenhead, where an audience of over 100 was addressed by Mr. W. Middleton, Centre Chairman, and Major Harvey. After the film, Dr. Grant answered a number of questions , and all four Resusci-Anne models were fully used in demonstrating to various groups who took the opportunity of practising artificial respiration for themselves.

A somewhat different audience attended the Open Meeting at Kirkby under the chairmanship of Mr. Russell. As is well known, Kirkby is a town alongside an industrial estate, and the KIrkby Centre of the Association has only recently been formed. There was more than the

Bir kenhead (l to r) M ajor S. H. Harvey, D.B.E., Assistant County Dir ecto r (Merseyside) St. John Ambulanc e Association; M r K. C. Co ok, F.C.A., R egional Dir ector, St. J ohn Ambulance Association; Se rgeant E. Shim m en, B irkenhead C orps, St. J ohn Ambulance Br igade; Mr. Middleton, Cha irma n B i rkenhead C ent r e, St John Ambulance Association.

usual number of school boys and girls at the filni show, taking time off from a judo class held in the nearby gymnasium, while there was competition from a stage play and a demonstration by an Army Unit in schools on either side. It was good to get the information over to the youngsters. An unusual feature was the presence of two young men, each with a leg in plaster, one resulting from an accident and the other after an operation. Dr. Ford reviewed the film from the medical angle and answered many questions Several members of the audience were given tuition by Sergeant Brown and Constable Price of Birkenhead Police in emergency resuscitation on the models provided. Mr. Russell is developing his new Centre on sound lines , and this film show must have been a great help to him.

The Wallasey Centre, in conjunction with the Wallasey Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, arranged for the film to be shown at St. George's Road Junior School. There was a good attendance of some 120 including junior Brigade and Nursing members, representatives from the Boy Scout and Bo ys' Brigade movements, the local swimming club, and various local firms. The Chairman of the Wallasey Centre (Mr.

DEMO STRATIO OF emergency resuscitation

Walter Marshall, Chief Constable) welcomed those present and, after the film was shown, introduced Divisional Officer Slocombe of the Brigade, who adequately dealt with many questions put to him by members of the audience. Demonstrations on Resusci-Anne were given by Mr. Slocombe, Mr. Quine, the Divisional Superintendent of Wallasey Ambulance Corps, and Leading Ambulance Driver Morgan of the Wallasey Ambulance Service.

Through the good offices of the Town Clerk and the Civil Defence Officer, Goddard Hall was made available for the showing of the film at Bootie, and among the audience were contingents of Bootie Police and Bootle Fire Service. Police Inspector E. B. Jones, Assistant Secretary of the Bootle Centre, was in charge of the preliminary arrangements, and the proceedings were introduced by the Centre Chairman (Mr. H. E. Legg, Chief Constable). After the showing of the film the Medical Officer of the BootIe Centre, Dr. J . A. Wethered, dealt with interesting points arising from the film, and a lively and stimulating discussion followed. In thanking Dr. Wethered, Mr. Legg paid tribute to the tremendous interest displayed by him in first aid matters and remarked on the amount of time devoted by him to this activity on top of a busy practice. Dr. Wethered's modest comment was typical of him, l'It's my hobby". A practical demonstration of Resusci-Anne by Inspector Jones follo wed, and many members of the audience availed themselves of the opportunity to obtain pr a ctical ex perience of this very valuable method of artificial respir ation.

The outstanding features of this concentrated experiment were:-

1 The excellent co-operation between the Association Centres and the Brigade in bo th the organisation and the practical demonstrations.

2. The justification of the Association ' s policy in rdeasing more Resusci-Anne models to the rapidly developing County Organisations.

3. The enthusiasm with which the Centres on Merseyside, both in Lancashire and Cheshire, responded.

4 The very wide extent of the public support -members of Local Authorities, Red Cross, Police, Fire, Ambulance, Prison Service, Baths Department, Y.M.C.A., W.V S" Boy Scouts, Girl Guides, Boys' Brigade, Industry, Swimming Clubs, Youth Clubs , etc ,

5. The valuable contribution made by the doctors in explaining the film and the authoritative manner in which they answered a wide variety of questions.

6. The coverage gi¥en by the local Press to the project.

7. The response from other organisations to 14

borrow the film or in a sking for a demonstration, e g. , Liverpool University, Birkenhead Technical ColLege (Marine Students), Cammell Lairds (Shipbuilders).

8, The opportunity created to appeal for subscribing members to the Association and for recruits to the Brigade.

9. There is no doubt that under the" Regional Experiment" in the North West, with delegation by the Regional D irector to his Assistant County Directors, a much greater working impact can be achi ev,ed in specific areas such as Merse yside than by operating with t-wo different County Directors under the previous " County " org anis a tion, Some hard work was involv ed in applying this concentrated app r oach to the work of St. John, but its success was so obvious and the efforts so well worth while that a si mi l ar seri es o f m ee tin gs will be undertaken ne x t win te r in th e s ure knowledge of read y publi c support.

M iss D e li,a, D OI7I!i(h orne and, Miss Shirley Goldthorpe se l ec ting library b ooks

BI'IlI s h Mtll/O/ 'y Hospl/ al H ong K ong,

DR. SURA EL AISH examines a patient at the Order of St. John Ophthalm ic Hospital, J e rus alem.

JORDANIAN GI L WITH A FUTURE by

A. M. BOASE

Dr. Sura el Aish is an outstanding girl by any standards, but her achievements are all the more remarkable when viewed against the background of Arab tradition, for although girls' receive a good general education few of them attain professional status and early marriage is still the usual custom.

On first acquaintance it is hard to believe that this unassuming Moslem girl with the friendly smile is already doubly qualified as a teacher and a doctor, that her immediate ambition is to gain the English 'diploma of Opthalmic Medicine and Surgery, and that already" her thoughts are turning towards the coveted Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons.

From the very start, however, Sura's life does not seem to ha ve conformed to the accepted pattern, and her good fortune to be born into a family of advanced and broadminded ideas has contributed in no small measure to her success.

In a country where sons are all-important, the el Aish parents seem to have been in no way disconcerted by the arrival of five little daughters - Sura was the third - before a son-and-heir made his tardy appearance, and their father was resolved from the start that all the girls should be qualified to earn their own living.

The family home is at J erash in the northern part of Jordan not far from the Syrian border. It is a modest little town which looks across the valley at the ruins of its much more famous predecessor , J erash of the Decapolis, which was destroyed by an earthquake which caused widespread devastation in the seventh century A.D.

Once a place of splendid temples and public buildings and beautiful even in its ruined state, it is now quite desterted except for sightseers and for students who perch with their books among the tumbled walls and columns.

Sura's schooldays were divided between J erash and Damascus , and her earliest wish was to be a lawyer like her father It soon became evident, however , that she had a special aptitude for scientific subjects, so with the encouragement of parents and teachers she became increasingly interested in the idea of being a doctor.

Her only problem at school arose from the fact that she learnt too quickly , with the result that at fifteen she was ready , academically speaking, for University, but had three years to fill in before she could be accepted.

As her two older sisters were well on the way to becoming teachers, it was decided that Sura should also take a teacher-training course at Ramallah near Jerusalem, so that her three years

of waiting could be usefull y employed. She proved to be one of the be t tudents the College has ever known and completed h er course with honour and glory but no de ire at all to transfer her allegiance to the tea hin g profession.

MEDICAL SCHOOL AT LAST

At eighteen, she was happy to find herself at Dama cus niver ity at l a t and Medical School was a straightforward bu iness for a cirl as determined and hardworking a Sura. ;t even romance , in the hape of a fellow-student to whom he i now engaged, could deflect her from her goal.

In her final year at Dama cus he became interested in Ophthalmology, an interest which was given an added tilip by a chance hearing of a broadcast describing the opening ceremon y of the new Ophthalmic Ho pital of the Order of St. John ,in ! eru.salem. This Hospital , which has been functlOnmg m other premises since its foundation by the Venerable Order of the Briti h Realm in 1882, has built up a considerable reputation throughout the Middle Ea t so Sura re olved to see she could go there for po t-graduate expenence.

Her wa re eived with surpri e and not a alarm by the Warden of the Hospital, who dId not know Sura or her abilities and wa uncertain as to how she would fit into the hitherto all-male. framework of the Llrgical staff.

HappIly, he allowed himself to be per uaded and has had no cause for regrets, for in eighteen months has profited from. the unique opportumtles offered by this HospItal (which averag.es over 100,000 attendances and 6,000 operatIOns a year), and has made herself a valuable member of the team.

For her part, Sura i warmly appreciative of the and encouragement she has received, and that few young doctors have had the wide climcal and surgical experience she has enjoyed.

17

ON THE WAY TO REALISING ANOTHER AMBITION

The award of a British Council scholarship brought her to London in September 1965 for the Diploma Course at the Institute of Ophthalmology, and that, as has already been said, is by no means the end of her ambitions.

Meanwhile, fortune has favoured her in yet another way, for her fiance fully supports her wish to go overseas for post -graduate studies and even has similar ideas himself Becau se of this. plans for their wedding are still very much in the future, but they are in agreement that married life is not to mean the end of her career as a doctor.

Sura has never been to England before, but already she has a number of friends there, jncluding three doctors-two British and one Austr.alian-who have also gained their practical expenence at St. John's and will be taking the Diploma Course at the same time.

As the first Arab girl in Jordan, Syria and the Lebanon to specjalise in Ophthalmolog y, she is in a sense a pioneer , and one who her colleagues feel will go a long way, bringing credit to herself and her profession and much-needed succour to her feHow-countrymen.

Reprinted by courtesy of The L ady

A P ATI ENT b eing exam in e d by one of th e H ospital doctors.

TIIIS YOUNG patient is receiving very special treatment.

GUARDS OF HONOUR

When, some years ago, Captain Docwra-Rogers wrote with me a short article for the Review on the Order's properties in Sussex, those that were acq uired as a result of the suppression of the Knights Templar were somewhat ignored . This was less than just, as these estates were bo th extensive and well -documenLed and remained in the hands of th e Hospit a llers for longer than they were held by their previous owners. This omission will now be made good.

About the year 1125 Philip de Harcourt, Dean of Lincoln and later Bishop of Bayeux, presented the Templars with the manor and church of Shipley, at that time called Heschapeleia, near Horsham, and thirty years later added the church of Sompting, the patronage of which has recently returned to the Venerable Order after a lapse of more than 400 years. Shipley became the first preceptory of the Templars in Sussex,. and in the chancel of the church can be seen a 13th century reliquary of Limoges enamel work, (used for preserving the relic of a saint) which was disinterred from the churchyard some si t ty years ago. The church of Sompting contains orne excellent Saxon work, e peciaJly the well-known gabled tower, the only one of its kind in th e country. What is now the south transept wa originally the Templar private chapel, built in the late 12th century; it still has it s own sanctuary, now used as a baptistry, attached to which j a minute acristry, and

the whole chapel was walled off from the nave of the ch u rch. On the north side of the main building are the ruins of the Hospitallers chapel and it is pleasing to recall that this site was u ed as a robing -room for the of Chapter General at the service held on the 5th July 1964 to mark the gift of the advowson by th e Tristram family in the previous year. The whole church is of e treme beau t and interest and should be vi ited by any member of the Order who finds himself near Worthing. Among the many deeds rel ating to thi church in the B riti h Mu seu m is a grant b estowing on the Tem pl a r s one acr e " un der the la n d of the church

A. E. Alliott and next to the same" a nd to 19

THE SHIPLEY RELIQUARY.

Ronald M. Cathcart, O.St.J.

Templars Chap el, Sampling, John Docwra- R oger

authenticate thls deed the don0'r wax with his own teeth for a seal! ThIs land IS now an extension of the churchyard. Some of ro erties which were held with Sompting m "Eddeworth", Lymmste1: and Pende, near Lancing, but It IS Idle to look f.Ol traces of the Order in those parts today, wlnIe a daua-hter church of Sompting, that of St. Peter of COkeham, also cannot now be found.

A few miles east of these, in New Shoreham, the Templars had a house with a chapel d tri of land goina- down to the sea. IS, acquired °by the Hospitallers, yvas 1325 '!riven to the Carmelite Order. There IS a that the fine church has a. connecwith our Order, as Her acliu.s , Patnarch of Jerusalem, and Roger de MouliD:' the Grand Master of the Hospitallers, are have attended the consecration of the new chOIU 118t the ear when the Priory church at C er enwe d Temple church were also consecrated by Patriarch. Both Old and churches are very ancient and but dId not belong to either of the Orders. church at Southwick, however, aId to t e Templars, but has been entirely rebmlt except for the chancel arch and the restored. Norma?- tower. A little way up the river Adur IS of Bramber and here the Templars acqmred a piece of land from Eleanor de Braose, a of the family who owned Bramber Castle. This . d' t to "St Mary's" and when I saw It IS a Jacen. . some years ago, it had become a caravan SIte. Near Henfield the much restored church at Woodwas held by the Templars and found its way into Hospitaller ownership after being wrongly aP-Pfopriated by the Earls of Surrey for a period of eIghty years.

Although Shipley was earliest preceptory of the Templars in Sussex, It was later superseded by Saddlescombe, now a farmhouse near the D il' Dyke behind Brighton-not to be cons with Sedlescomb, near Battle, where the advowson of the living was already owned by the Hospitallers. The history of the preceptory, curiously enough, does n?t. begm m Sussex at all, for Geoffrey de Say's grant was the manor of West GreenwIch wIth the advowson of the parish church there, but the donor's son, another Geoffrey de Say, to have persuaded his father to change his mmd and Saddlescombe was granted in exchange about the year 1228. This charter was confirmed by their overlord, William de Warenne, Earl of Surrey, whose brother added the churches of Southwick and Woodmancote the many charters relating to this property IS a com!llendation from the local Archdeacon for a certam Joan who wished to submit herself to the rule of the Order of the Temple and had taken a vow of

chastity "although she is now aged woman. insomuch that no sinister SUspICIon can posSIbly arise in respect of her".

Saddlescombe is somewhat diffic1:llt. to locatc and when it is eventually discovered It IS I?-ot easy to identify the which embodied in later addItIOns. The kitchen contams a stone niche of considerable age and a large brick Tudor fireplace and nearby is a small ar.ea of timber framing, which may date from t?e anginal building. In the farmyard is a most mteresting donkey-wheel well thought to. to the 12th. century. Mr. R. C. Taylor, DIVISIOnal Superintendent , of Crawley, has su ggested that the "Poachers' Lock-up" here was once a chapel and that it has leper windows, but is probable that this structure dates from a penod after the Hospitallers ownership, and that the Order's chapel formed the southern end of the house.

Among the possessions of the manor of SaddIes combe were lands at Bolney, Hickstead, Twineham and Balcombe. Contained grounds of Hickstead Place is an old bmldmg known as "The Castle" which has several markings on its walls in darker brickwork and these could well be Order crosses, perhaps of the patriarchal type. Such to be met with in the northern countIes mdicatmg that .the building or its predecessor, had at one tIme belonged to the Templars or Hospitallers and was therefore exempt from tithes.

All this Saddlescombe property was taken into the hands of the Crown on the suppression of the Templars in 1308, but was 0'rdered to be conveyed to the Hospitallers shortly afterwards, as the result of a Papal Bull. At this juncture, however, the feudal lords of the neighbourhood, headed by John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey, stepped in and claimed the Saddles combe estates by escheat. Indeed the Earl refused to surrender the lands and went so far as to give them to his illegitimate son. Eventually the Hospitallers

AIR ESCORT DUTY

were persuaded to lease the manor for life to two of the Earl's henchmen at the annual rent of one rose! In consideration of this the overlord was graciously pleased to' "confirm" the Act of Parliament which by then had transferred all these exTemplar possessions to the Order of St. John; a nice piece of legal blackmail.

These, with rented properties in Lewes and Loxwood, constituted the estates in Sussex of the once powerful Order of the Temple.

6th DECEMBER 1965 LONDON-NEWCASTLE

Fifty minutes after receiving the request to undertake the duty I reported to the doctor at London Airport.

The patient was in transit from Perth, Australia, to Newcastle, England, by Quantas Airline. Aged 85 years she was suffering from shock resulting from the death of her husband 3 weeks previously and she was going to the hom e of her sister. She was booked to fly unescorted and it was not known if anyone knew of her intended arrival. In view of her very weak condition and bemused state of mind the doctor asked for an escort.

A signal was sent to B. K.s Air Transport Ltd., at Newcastle, asking them to contact the Newcastle Constabulary and notify the sister of our intended arrival at Newcastle Central Station forecourt at 2.45 p.m. My instructions were to contact B. K.s on landing to find out if this had been done and would be met at the station, bearing in mind the age of the patient and the fact that Newcastle was under snow. I was to take such action as I felt necessary with the ultimate object of getting my patient safely united with her sisteL '

As on all previous duties the help from B.O.A.C. Passenger Medical Unit was worthy of praise.

The flight was uneventful.

On landing at R.A.F. ' Ouston, I asked the B. K.s Traffic Officer who boarded the aircraft if the police had been contacted and would there be anyone at the station to meet us. I was informed that it was not known if the po,lice had been contacted and that therefore it was doubtful if we would be met at the station.

I asked what the travel arrangements were and I was that we were expected to travel by the wmtmg coach to the Central Station forecourt where passengers alighted onto the pavement, and that there was no Air Terminal where we could wait under cov.er. In view of the terrible y.'eather conditions and that it was not known If there would be anyone to take us to the sister s house I told the Airline that I could not aa-ree to these and would they arrange for a taXI to come ou t to the aircraft and 21

D/S/O. A. A. W.

WESTON

take us direct to our destination. This they did and my patient was taken the 16 miles to her sister 's home in comfort.

On arrival it was found that the sister was at the station awaiting the Airport coach but a friend and neighbour insisted that we took the patient into her fiat to await the sister who arrived sh?rtly afterwards and with help from several neIghbours we got my patient up to the third floor of the building and into her sister s flat, the mission accomplished.

The sister was terribly grateful to St. John for the care and consideration shown the patient. Back at the airport I tried to find out what wrong oyer notifying the police. I saw the SIgnal requestmg the notification and the signal agreeing too, but I could not find out why I was wrongly informed. Yet I had no reason to complain, my patient did not suffer as a result of the mistake, in fact she benefited Apart !rom fact .that w e got the patient safely umted WIth her SISter, the most satisfying thing is we proved that we have a ver y valuable serVIce to offer at very short notice.

BOOK REVIEW

MODERN HEALTH

A Handbook for Nurses & Medical Auxiliaries by H. S. Gear, M.D., D.P.H., D.T.M

D.T.M. & H., B.Sc. S.R.N., S.C.M. and P. J. Cunningham, B.A., S.R.N., S.C.M: H.V. Cert.

This book is simple and clearly written. It deals with nursing in the community giving valuable instruction and advice suitable for those interested in giving nursing aid in the Home.

The book is worthy of recommendation to nursing members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. Published by Faber and Faber Ltd., at 21s. -Barbara Cozens, Chief Nursing Officer.

THE CASTLE , Hic k st ea d Plac e A. E. Alliotl

ANEW MINISTRY OF TECHNOLOGY "LESS AIR LESS FIRE"

Seven hundred people in Britain are killed by fire every year on average. The cost of damage to property is frightening - it wa s estimated at over £70 million last year. Yet a knowledge of a few simple principles would cut down this enormous waste of lives and money. The most important fact to remember i that fire needs air. If you cut off the air supply, the fire will die. Ventilation can easily make the difference between life .and and one of the best ways of provmg this IS to compare the burning of similar hou es with and without free venti lation. Two identical cottages which were due for demolition .an opportunity for the Devon County FIre to ?tage an experimen tal burnin g in consultatlOn wIth the Joint Fire Research Organization. 'Le Air Less Fire 'i a film of this experiment.

In the house, which was freely ventilated, any occupants would have died within five minutes of the fire starting. Flash-over - the moment when

all combustible material becomes involved in the fire, usually accompanied by a sudden rush of flames - occurred aften seven and a half minutes and the house itself was a total loss within 20 minutes.

The fire in the house which had restricted ventilation was contained in the room of its origin for 11 minutes. It could have been confined for as long as 20 minutes after ignition- ample time not only for the occupants to escape but for effective work to be done by the fire services-but, as part of the experiment, the door was deliberately opened after 11 minutes.

" Less Air Less Fire" is a graphic demonstration of the disastrous effects ventilation can have on fires and step by step it emphasises the safety precautions which should be taken. This colour film, which runs for 14 minutes, should be seen by fire services, fire prevention officers, factory inspectors, local authorities, training colleges, the police, architects and the public.

"Less Air Less Fire" was filmed on 16 rum. Ektachrome, by Kinocraft Films Ltd. for D.S.I.R. , through the agency of the Central Office of Information. Since then, the Ministry of Technology has taken over responsibility for the film, which is distributed by the Central Film Library. Applications for loan should be addressed to:The Central Film Library , Central Film Bromyard Avenue Library of Wales Acton, London,. 42, Park P la ce , , Government BUlldlllg, Cardiff.

The Scottish Central Film Library , 16-17, Woodside Terrace, Charing Cross Glasgow , C.3 Or. In cases of difficulty, to: -

The Films Officer, Ministry of Technology, Millbank. Tower, Millbank, London S W .I.

YOUNG MEMBERS in Surrey on their adventure training This is an excellent illustration of the use of a stretcher when. it is lIsed for purposeful first aiei as opposed to m ere ad\ enrllre for advent ure's sake.

The filming of the unventilated house being burnt, as seen in the film (Less Air Less Fir e.'

The freely ventilated house well alight.

TREATMENT OF 'HElD INJURIES

R. K. Phillips, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., D.I.H.

The most frequent cause of death from an accident is a head injury. The most frequent cause of unconsciousness in children is a head injury. Regardless of whatever else may be done for a patient with a head injury, the most urgent measures are establishment of a patient's airway.

We know from First Aid that head injuries can be divided into:-

1. Fractures of the Skull-" outside injury."

2. Twisting or Shaking of Brain-" inside injury.'"

1. Fractures of Skull-Fracture of the Dome Causes:

(a) Probably the most frequent cause of head injury in the Dock Industry is " struck by falling body."

(b) Falls onto head.

(c) Fractured base. This is the most serious of head fractures and usually results from a fall on the feet transmitting the force through the legs and spine to the base of the skull. This is the region through which the cranial nerves and spinal cord emerge, and so damage to the bones here is frequently accompanied by damage to these important tissues, and so it is an injury which is always associated with unconsciousness.

2. Twisting or Shaking of the Brain

This "inside injury" is always an accompaniment of a fractured skull. All degrees of brain injury resulting in loss of consciousness, contusion, or laceration of the brain are produced by displacing and distorting the brain at the moment of impact because the brain is not a perfect fit within its membranes, but of course not all brain injuries are complicated by a fractured skull, e.g. concussion from a knock -out.

The signs and symptoms of a fractured dome or vault of skull are usually obvious. with that of unconsciousness predominating. In the case of fractured bases there are the additional signs of blood and brain fluid protruding from either the ears or nose, or both. Fractured lower jaw is a specialised fracture of the skull, which, although common, is fortunately well away from the brain, and so of all head fractures generally the least serious, and will nQit be considered here.

The level of consciousness after head injury varies from almost normal behaviour to deep coma. Two important states to be differentiated are stupor and coma. A patient in stupor is a " stupid" patient, i.e., Qine in whom with effort one can get a response. A comatose patient is one

that cannot be made to respond. A word in passing about using the test of tQiuching the eyes to differentiate between stupor and coma. This test performed on a deeply comatose patient could result in corneal damage and I think is better replaced by the eyelash test which merely consists of placing one's finger under the eyelashes and sweeping them upwards, if there is no eyelash flicker the patient is comatose.

It has been found that patients who become comatose immediately after the head injury have sustained brain injury, whereas deepening unconsciousness is a sign of compression usually due to an expanding accumulation of blood within the skull. TIns would show itself by a slowing of the plilse. The degree of brain damage can be assessed by the following table (after Latimer and Haddad 1 ).

of judgement

distw'bance

Changes in vital signs refer to slowing of pulse , changes in breathing, changes in size and reaction of pupils. A record of the degree of unconsciousness is of great help to the surgeon in the hospital receiving the patient with the head injury.

Causes of Head Injuries

An analysis of a total of 716 head injury causes has been made by Gurd jian and Webster2.

Degree of injury to the head depends on the size and shape of the striking object as well as the force of the collision. The damage that results may be skull fracture, with or without scalp laceration, or lesions of the brain, such as concussion, contusion, laceration and intracranial haemorrhage.

To turn to our own Dock Industry:-

The Solution 01 the Problem

Prevention. This of course can never be 100 per cent, but just as no miner would think of going underground without a helmet, no "ton - up " motor cyclist would ride without a crash helmet, no steel worker would work without a helmet, no motorway worker would be without a helmet, and indeed historically no knight would join battle without a helmet and certainly no soldier would fight without one. So should every docker have his badge of office, a helmet.

R eferences: 1. Latimer, P. R. & Haddad, B. P., ,. Michigan med. Soc. 61: 324, 1962.

2. Gurdjian, E. S. & Webster, ,. E., Head Injuries, Boston, Little, Brown and Co. 1958

Fracture 2 - 2 26

Dislocation without fracture - - - 2

Scalp Injury 14 - 14 82 w ithout fracture 3 3 6 45

Open Wound, Laceration 3 7 10 127

Surface Injury 5 6 11 77

Not elsewhere specified - - - 7

TOTALS 27 16 43 366

The Size of the Problem

It has been estimated that from road deaths alone 80 per cent of the deaths result from head injuries, and yet only 20 per cent of road accidents cause head injuries.

THE BRIGADE IN WALES

One of the activities of the Brldgend County Area Committee, which reproduces within its territory the functions of a St. J olm Council in miniature, is the organisation of an annual open competition. The results below how that in addition to the Brigade, there were entries from three County Constabularies, Wales Gas Board, National Coal Board, and the National Dock Labour Board.

This year the event was arranged at the No.8 District Police Training Centre at Bridgend and the Chief Constable of Glamorgan, Melbourne Thomas, Esq., O .St.J., who was accompanied by Mrs. Thomas, presented the "Enoch Lewis" challenge cup and plaques to the Cefn Cribbwr Brigade team, the 1965 winners. The "Rev. D. J. Phillips" challenge cup was presented to Police Sergt. A. Anderson of the Monmouthshire Constabulary, as the competitor gaining the highest marks in the Individual Test, by the donor, Mrs. J. Phillips.

Commenting on their adjudication, as given below, Dr. G. W. Clark, Dr. T. J. Anthony and Dr. D. F. Coulter each referred to the very high

First Aid Treatment

Recently at a General Health Conference it was decided to rename the three-quarter prone position as the" unconscious position," and recommended that all cases of head injury should be put in this "unconscious position." This alone would be a tremendous step towards saving life as many cases of head injury who are dead on arrival in hospital could have been saved if their respiratory passage had not been completely obstructed.

Weare grateful to the Author and to the N attonal Dock Labour Board for permission to reprint this article.

standard attained by all the competing teams:-

1. Cefn Cribbwr Brigade

7. B.T.C. Cardiff Docks

8. B.T.C. Swansea Docks

AIDS FOR THE ELDERLY IN HOME AND GARDEN

The National Council of Social Service

26, Bedford Square, London, W.C.I. Price Is. 6d.-By post Is. 10d. This is a useful little book and should be in the possession of all who are responsible for the care of old people.

It provides practical and valuable information about preparing and procuring simple forms of aids to help old people in keeping their independence as long as possible.

I recommend this little book to members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade who are helping in the care of old people.

B. C.

MEMBERS of th e Wellington Nursing Cad et Division surround th e cup they won in the c o unty bedmaking championship held at th e S t. John Ambulance Brig ad e headquarters, Shrewsbury, re cen tly.

Shropshire Star.

S u s an Gr ah am and Ann K itching, members of the Ripon Nursing Cadet Division, have been working for their Grand Prior Badge for 7 years.

MEM BE RS of the 148 S wiss C Ollage Nursing Cadet D ivision won the L eslie Walker Tr

at the Annual Swim mi ng Ga l a of No

C

F rances Bleasdale, C pl. Susan Marr, Cd

ly C ockburn, C dt. L orraine Mar r, Cdt. S usan Wha l e, Cdt Wendy Lloyd. F ront R ow (l t o r). Cdt. C arol Green, lnr. C dt. lane Glindon, Cdt. B ar ba ra D al e.

MEM B ERS of the Sowerby B ridge Ambulance C adet D ivision. givin.g an exhibition of F irst Aid to members of the public in. the hope of in creasing m embers.

Halifa,'{ Courier

GERIATRICS

The Right Hon. Lord Amulree, F.R.C.P.

THE WELFARE or THE ELDERLY

The policy at present in vogue concerning the welfare of elderly persons is that they should be maintained in their own homes for as long as is possible. Thus the trend of public and popular opinion is in favour of the maximum of what used to be called "out-door relief," for necessitous persons. It is only when the scale of the domicilliary aid required is greater than can readily be granted that resort is had to the alternative policy of "offering the house." It is well to use these two outmoded phrases again, for there is a tendency, in some quarters, to think of the present policy as something new, whereas it is really an extension of the reform of the Poor Law which was started by the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834. It is true that the Poor Law itself was swept away in 1948, but the problems with which it set out to deal still remain, and the methods of dealing with them now are but a development of those established over a century ago: it is the administrative machine for carrying out these methods that has been altered so radically.

THE TIMES WHEN HELP IS NEEDED

Although there are a number of old people whose needs for help are urgent, it must be emphasised that these only constitute a small proportion of the elderly, and by elderly we must still make use of the out-of -date definition of those persons who are of pensionable age, 60 for women and 65 for men, who need help of any sort. The majority either live with their spouses or other relatives, with friends or by themselves and manage quite well with what help these relatives and friends can give. It is only when there is a breakdown in the social background that help from outside becomes necessary. For example, an elderly person living alone becomes ill: although recovery will probably take place, it is often found that the capacity for complete independence has gone. An elderly couple living together and alone can manage an independent, normal life: if one dies or needs to be removed to some sort of communal care the surviving or remaining partner finds that an independent life alone has become impossible. A daughter will be able to take care of her elderly mother until she herself becomes too old to carry the double burden. But for the most part elderly members of the population do not need help from outside sources.

Before considering what can be done by voluntary organisations to assist in maintaining independence in the elderly it may be well briefly to recount what Parliament has permitted local authorities to provide in this field. In this connection local authorities are the Councils of the County Councils and County Boroughs together with the Councils of the new London Boroughs established in 1964 on the break-up of the L.C.C. Home helps, whose function is to keep a home tidy, light a fire, do necessary shopping and other chores on one or more days a week, are available for those who need them. For many old people such a help will visit on five days a week, will often help to prepare a meal , although this is not strictly within their terms of employment, and in general win often become a friendly guardian on whom an old person will rely for everything. A local authority can recover the fee for the services of the Home-help, but this is usually waived when the recipient of the service is a retirement pensioner. The services of these admirable women can be obtained on application to the Town or County Hall.

By an amendment of the National Assistance Act of 1948, passed in 1962, local authorities now have the power themselves to supply a hot mid-day meal to elClerly persons in their own homes as well as being able to contribute to the funds of a voluntary organisation which carries out this work. A well cooked and prepared midday meal, delivered within reasonable hours, can be a great boon to an old person-especially if they are housebound. Many schemes, however , both voluntary and municipal, do not serve a meal to more than a few persons on a five-day week basis: a meal delivered on one or two days a week is, it is true, better than nothing, but a five-day week service is really needed to obtain the widest benefit. The weekend is always a problem: many old persons are forced either to rely o-n the good will of relatives, friends or neighbours for their meal on Saturday and Sunday, or else to make do with what they can from their own resources.

PROVISION OF SPECIAL SERVICES

28 The Queen's Institute of District Nursing is employed by Local authorities to carry out nursing procedures in the homes of old people: these range from giving injections, doing dressings,

bathing, assisting in getting up in the morning and in goring to bed at night and a host of other necessary nursing procedures . Under the National Assistance Act, 1948, Health Visitors, employed by the local authority can concern themselves with the care and welfare of old people. A laundry service, for the washing of the bed linen of incontinent persons, can be organised by the local authority and is of great value_ A local authority can, also, provide a workshop for the em ployment of elderly retired persons. All of these services are supplied by local authorities in varying degrees, but many of them are only permissive services: Parliament is always loath to impose obligations on local authorities, however desirable, unless they are considered absolutely necessary. Under the National Assistance Act, 1948, a local authority can carry out alteratio ns in the home of an elderly person such as the provision of hand rails, a ramp over a difficult step, alterations to a W.C. or can even lend a commode. The Gas and Electricity Boards are always willing to alter taps, switches, etc., on cookers anct heaters to suit an old person's defective grip.

LP FROM VOLUNTARY ORGANIS TIO S

So much for the statutory organisations. In considering the services provided by voluntary organisations it is useful to recall what are the two main deficiencies which must be overcome to make old people remain a part of the community. To put it briefly, these can be summed up as a sense of loneliness and a feeling of isolation. Loneliness can be relative-some old people enjoy being by themselves, and do not wish for too much company- others find the hours when a son or daughter or other person living in the same house are away at work, or out with friends, unbearable and seem to require constant company and entertainment: these latter are luckily rare, but they exist, and must not be forgotten. Isolation is more difficult to define and can be more difficult to correct. It is really a breakdown in comm unic ation with the normal, usual world and it is this communication that it is important to re-establish. At the present time this function is the duty of no statutory authority: under the Poor Law the Relieving Officers, employed by Boards of Guardians, were personally responsible for looking after the welfare of all necessitoususing the word on its broadest sense-persons in their own areas. Now, their place has been taken by officers of the National As i tance Board: these men and women do admirable work, but they carry out their duties from a central office and do , within limits , keep usual office hours. It is difficult, therefore, for some old people to communicate with them: attempts have been made to supply pensioners with a number of stamped, addressed postcards or with a notice

By the term visiting a multitude of activities are covered. Although some of these can be, and often are, carried out by the statutory authorities, often, when the local authority is not interested or for some reason or other is unable to carry out this function, it falls to a voluntary organisation to step in in its place. Here again, friendly help on getting out of bed in washing, dressing, shopping and preparing food can the life of an old person pleasanter and eaSIer. Help, too, can be given in organising 1he establishment of a club for old people: once established, however, the day to day administration can usually be left to the members. Help, too, in enabling members to reach , and return from the club can be much appreciated. The provision of furniture and crockery can often, is not usually, be carried out by a organisation.

THE

THINGS WHI(;H (;UUNT

In the home, the provision of commodes and other useful articles of furniture can often prove an immense boon to an old person, cut off from the W.C. by stairs-or by the fact that this is outside and across the back yard-and the change of an old, soft, lumpy, high and partly broken down double bed for a low, harder single bed has been known to transform an incontinent old lady into a continent one. Homes, or rooms, need cleaning, repainting and repapering: this useful

to put in their windows if they require to be visited. But, when a crisis occurs, who is to find and post the postcards? and where has the notice for the window been put carefully away? . And this is where great help can be obtamed from the various voluntary organisations. Some of the ways in which help can be given are listed in the following paragraphs: they do not to be comprehensive, for a number of servICes given are found to be unique to one or two regions, but they will give some idea of the of help required. Regular and frequent vlSltmg is appreciated by many lonely ol? people: the visiting must be regular and the VISItor must be prepared, as he gets to know his client, to spend quite a long time over each visit,. for once a friendly relationship has been established conversation can become prolonged and tortuous. A good neighbour service has been tried, with cess, in some parts of the country: under this a neighbour undertakes to call in three or four times a day on an old person living alone to make sure that they are all right and not requiring help urgently. This service is sometimes paid for by voluntary funds, but it can equally well be carried out on a purely voluntary basis. Night sitters can perform a useful service, not by being able to spend every night at the bedside of an old person, but to undertake this duty at regular intervals so that relatives can take a short time off from this arduous and exacting duty. 29

service can often be carried out by volunteers when an old person is undergoing an enforced absence through illness in a hospItal or a more agreeable one on holiday.

Holidays can be of great value to the elderly, many of whom have not been away from their home for many years. These can be arranged by voluntary organisations , often with some help from the Local authority. Some landladies in seaside resorts are willing to take in elderly lodgers out of season at reduced rates, and even at this time of year holidays are much appreciated and are of considerable value. Care must be taken to ensure that the rooms are well heated and that the old person is well cared for by the landlady. It often gives great pleasure to an old person to return to a clean and freshly decorated room, provided that too great a clearance has not been made of old and treasured, if useless, relics. It is often difficult to persuade an old person to allow this sort of change to be made, but a certain amount of good humoured importunity will usually have a good result. Day outings by car or by coach are greatly enjoyed, provided it is realised that it is sheer entertainment and not culture that is needed: a good tea in a busy cafe by the sea is more appreciated, by most, than a visit to a grand house in the neighbourhood which is open to visitors. .

. EFFECTIVE WAYS OF HELPING THE ELDERLY

There is a natural tendency among the elderly to feel that any failing of their faculties is due to age and is, therefore, irremediable. This is often not the case: fOT example, increasing deafness can be due to hard impacted wax in the ear: if this is removed, hearing is improved: increasing dimness of vision can be due to a cataract which can, with much benefit, be removed. This happy ending will nat always, unfortunately, ensue and all too often increasing deafness and failing vision prove to be irremediable after all. But it is always worth a visitor's while suggesting a visit to the doctor when confronted with such a situation Spectacles and sometimes even teeth are inherited from relatives or friends and are, in ignorance, used by the lucky legatee. This is obviously a pernicious practice in every way, and a visitor shDuld do all that they can to discourage it. Simi1arly' a reasonably large proportion of old people buy their shDes, cheap, at jumble sales - a practice to be discouraged, as is the habit adopted by many women of wearing bedroom slippers or plimsoll shoes throughout the day. This does not give any support to aged feet which are usually deformed and painful following the wearing for many years of quite unsuitable shoes.

Supplying an elderly person with a wireless apparatus or even with a television set can confer an enormous boon. It is not easy for local au-

thorities to do this, and the expense is usually beyond the reach of a retirement pensioner. Any difficulty involved in finding the money fDr the licence fee is often solved by the officeTs of the National Assistance Board, who have a wide disc.reti,on in this matter. The same will apply to a licence for , say , a dog; but many old people, and women in particular, prefer cats: budgerigars are papular pets , and help with their food, etc., will often be appreciated.

DISLIKE OF CHARITY

Many old people do not appreciate what can be done to help them by the officers of the National Assistance Board, while some are reluctant to apply to the Board for help, for they think this savours of charity. But, as has already been said, the officers of the Board have wide discretionary powers and any visitor should become familiar with at least an outline of these powers They are always willing to assist in the payment of rent. Help can be obtained from the offices of the Citizen's Advice Bureau: these bodies have at their call the services of a number of people, experienced in various professions , who are willing to help with any difficult problem. In most parts of the country now the services available for elderly persons are co-ordinated in an Old People's Welfare Committee. This is a voluntary body, with nO' executive powers: its members include representatives from the local authority, both members and officials, the National Assistance Board, the Churches and from the various vo luntary organisations which are active in the area. The value of the committee is that it generally has among its records a list of those old people who require help or whom it is thought might require help at some time. Because of its representative character it is unlikely that some member of the committee will not be a ble to supply the answer to the many difficult problems which crop up from time to time.

CARE OF THE FEET

In passing it may be worthwhile mentioning the facilities for chiropody which are now made available by most local authorities for old people. Mention of their strange habits in buying shoes has alr,ead y been made, and difficulties do often occur when an old person finds that they are no longer able to bend down to cut their toe nails. Regular visits to a chiropody clinic and the provision of decent, well fitting shoes is essential: uncomfortable feet can be often an added reason for an elderly person becoming housebound: on occasion they can be the only reason. Help in buying suitable shoes can often be obtained from the National Assistance Board: when this is not so, voluntary organisations can often help , for the purchase of good shoes is, again, beyond the means of the average pensioner.

What has been said gives some idea of what can be done to make life more agreeable for those old people who are in difficulty for various reasons. As has already been mentioned, the list does not pretend to be comprehensive-for example no mention has been made of the successful scheme for boarding out which has been in existence for some years in the West country nor of th e suggestion that each street should have its

voluntary warden, on the A.R.P. style, who would keep an eye on all po ss ible needy perso ns in a street, but it is not difficult to add to it any items of help that may be needed by individual elderly persons. Old people can be demanding and irritating at times, but most of them are appreciative of what is being done to help them to retain their independence, for this is what most of them do not wish to lose

THE NEW SURGEON·

IN·CHIEF

M. M. SCOTT, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

Mr. Scott joined the Newin gton St. Andrew Division in the No. . 1 Prince of Wale Di trict in 1929 and later transferred to 58 / 5 Division (Western Di trict Po t Office).

31

During the war he was respon sible for the Mobile First Aid Hospital, Southwark, in one of the most heavil y blitzed area of London. He al so lectured extensively on Gas Warfare.

He was A.R.P. co.rrespondent of the first J oumal "First Aid" and contributed a seri es of articles, 'Phy iology in First Aid", in the then St. John Gazette.

In 1947 he wa appointed District Surgeon for London and Deputy Surgeon-in-Chief 1st January 1951.

He wa appointed Officer of the Order in 1943 promoted to Commander in 1951 and Knight in 1958.

We would like on behalf o.f all the readers of the Re view to wish him well in his new appointment.

Dr. J. L. FYFE, M.B., CH.B.

We have much pleasure in announcing the appointment as an Assistant Principal Medical Officer S.J.A.A., of Dr. J. L. Fyfe, M .B. , Ch.B . Dr. Fyfe is a Senior Medical Officer, London Transport, and has been Di visional Surgeon of the 89 / 1 Joseph Gravestock Ambulance Di vi ion London Tran port, since 1948. In addition to his work for the Brigade Dr. Fyfe has judged man Association National Competitions and lectured both on First Aid and Nursing.

During the war he served with the R. A.M.C. in We t Africa and Germany.

" DIARY OF VISIT TO THE HOLY L

Owing to an unfortunate mi under tanding the dates giv en in thi ' Diary" 'which was published in the overnber i sue of the St. J ohll R eview, were incorrectly tated. In fact the party l eft Gat'wick on the 19th and not tbe 31 t May Thu it fo llows that the succeeding dates hould be brought for.vard 12 days On page 13 the heading " 1st June , Tue d ay" should be placed abo e tbe first paragraph in the le ft hand column beginning ''The Petra party were a\ ay The _nd June Wedne day " heading hould precede the fifth par a graph in the arne colunm beginning " Our la t day in Jordan '. And "3rd June. Thur d a " bould head the la t but one paragraph of the article. There \vere al 0 a few p lling mi takes: for Mo ec on page ? and 8 Mose ; for Maharia n page 7 read Nahana ; and for Jaffa Gate on page read fandelb aum Gate. - Editor.

PHOTOGRAPHED oLltside the

OVERSEAS

REMINISCENCES OF A FORMER AREA STAFF OFFICER

MRS. 'V. S. WOODFORD

Every Cadet who has a " History of the Order" certificate knows that the movement started in 1962. I joined the Brigade in the First World War, and by the middle 1920's it was apparent that some new recruiting force was required. It seemed to me that a Cadet Division would be the answer. I met with considerable opposition from the older members of the Nursing Division, and I had to do a fair amount of per uading before my Divisional Superintendent would give the idea her blessing.

I managed to find 18 girls (my daughter among them) who were intere ted, and I trained them in First Aid at my own home. In 1930 these 18 girls became founder members of CN 14 (East Ham) Cadet Nursing Divi ion.

We started without any funds of our own, although we had a small loan from the Nursing Divi ion, which was later repaid. It seemed impossible to buy new uniforms for 18 girls, so we bought ju tone dre from Stores Department to copy, a paper pattern and a bolt of grey urse Cloth. One of the member of the Nursing Division helped me with the making of the other 17 uniform, and we were heartily sick of the sight of grey material by the time they were completed. At that time the girls wore long leeve (having been , hort' for a number of year, I note that the sleeve are now worn long again). However, one little item that i happily mi ing today is the "oversleeve . The e were made of white cotton material, with a buttoned cuff and half a sleeve

MISS CAROL FORD, member of the Filion Hill Cadet Nursing Division, seen showing some of her colleagues the award she had won for homecraft and handicraft at this yew··s district camp held at Hoylake

held in place above the elbow with elastic. They came in three sizes from the Stores Department, but even the largest was too small for the bigger girls, so we had to set to and make these as well. This was about the last straw, as far as dressmaking went, and we were very glad that we could get ready-made collars that actually fitted!

Between the Wars, the London Di strict Annual Inspection was held in Hyde Park. I can remember the organisation needed to get about 20 girls on parade. In the early years it was a bit of an ordeal for me; we used to go to Marble Arch station on the Underground, which involved a ride on the escalator. One time some of the girls 'escaped' and got on the wrong one, so I went to get them back. They in the meantime found out their mistake and got on the right escalator; finally we ended up by passing one another on the 'up' and 'down' stairways. After this I had to- insist very strongly that they kept together.

I, myself, was in a peculiar position after the formation of the Cadet Division. Although I was a Divisional Officer in the Cadet section, I was only "another rank" in the Nursing Division. C'Ne were called "Ambulance Sisters" then, corresponding to the Nursing Member of today). I bought myself an Officer's black and white striped dress, as well as my ordinary grey one, but couldn t run to two greatcoats. Consequently I found myself constantly altering the badges of rank from Cadet Officer's and back again. My hat had to undergo simjlar treatment, until I got a second one.

new First Aid Post in Port Antonio, Jamaica: (left to right) A / N S. Lamont; Miss Chambers; Miss Mowatt; Lady Mitchell; Mr. A. O. Graser!; Staff Officer Davis; Sir Harold Mitchell; the Surgeon of the U.S. Navy; and Dr. Norris

THE LORD PRIOR, The Lord Wakehurst, K.G., K.C.M.G., being greeted by Sir Frank Holder, CM.G., on his arrival in Rarbados.

Oldham Chronicle

As a result of the service to the local community during the First World War, the Nursing Division was allowed to use the Children's Court at the Town Hall as a meeting place. This was a very comfortable for the adults; there was a beautiful carpet over most of the floor, a magnificent table across the top of the room, and down the length of the room ran a series of leather topped flat desks, used by the staff of the Court. Naturally enough, the local a uthority was somewhat apprehensive of allowing the youngsters to be let loose in such a hallow ed place . I had to promise that they would not damage the room and furniture; I must say they were very good, and we never had any complaints Discipline was necessarily strict, but they seemed to like bandaging rather than games . Not that we had no reI axati.o n, we got a few boxed games , ludo, draughts and the like and these were quite popular . The carpeted fl o or wa s ver y nice when it came to Physical E xercise We used to carefully lift the leather topped desks to one side, and could do our " Swedish Drill ' in stockinged feet. The carpet had another useful feature. Being a traditional pattern, it had a large border running all round. This wa s useful to " toe . the line" when falling in for drill , and picking up a dressing .

H aving been a member of the Nur sin g Di vision ' s Competition T eam for several yea r s, I found this to be a good wa y of keeping up to d a te on the " black ' book " Consequentl y, I soon s tarted the youngster s on Competition work. We h a d some good friend s who presented trophie s for the girl s to compete agains t each other in the Divi sion. One for First Aid, one for Home Nursin g, and a s hield which was awarded for Impro visin g T eams. I can remember a n a mu sing in ciden t a b o u t th e Improvi sing Team Competition- althou gh I didn ' t find i t particularly amusing at the time . H av in g compo sed m y teams and got the recru it s to a ct a s patients , I found one team was a girl short. I had a ver y new girl who had only been attendin g for a couple of weeks , so I let her " m a ke the number up " in place of the gi rl who wa s ill. I us uall y ga ve a small pre sent from m y o wn po cket to the winning girls, and it happened tha t m y " m ake sh ift " team won the Impro vi sing Shield . Nat urall y, I gave the pre sent to the enrolled m ember s, the odd girl hadn ' t done anything to help thin gs along at all. A week later I found my self facin g an irate mother who informed me "Her dau ghter had held the bandages for the Impo veri shing ". Being a bit of a coward , I gave her something too , reflectin g that the mo t he r was right-I wa s certainly impoverished b y thi s little epi sode! T hings like thi s taught me t o harden my heart and not do things out of misplaced kindness.

At the same time, the girls started to work for their Grand Prior' s Badges , and four of them were successful in gettin g these Badges in 1935 , being 34

the first Cadets in London to get this a ward. T he same four girls compri sed the team which won the London District Cup for Fir s t Aid that year, the MacRae Cup. One of these four Grand Prior 's badges is still being worn b y my daughter, Divisional Superintendent Mrs. J. F. L affert y of Banstead Nursing Division.

N ot e from D / Su p t. Mr s. 1 . F . L affe r ty I can r em em ber the oppo siti o n w h en 3 o f th e f o ur " Grand Pri o r's " girls w ant ed to t ran s f er t o the Adult Di vi si o n. We w er e n o t reall y wa n te d by the older m e m.bers , partly be caus e I think we we re better First A ider s ·than so me o f them , and the y w ere afraid o f bein g sh own u p ! H owever , we we r e ju st itching t o ge t int o adult un ifo rm an d do so m e real du tie s, and possibl y have some real p atients to t rea t When , as a Di visiona l S upe rin tende n t, I ask (o r p o ssibl y beg) my girl s to p romote to t h e Nur sin g Di vi si o n , I somet im es wo n de r if I am using the w ro n g ta cti cs. W o ul d a li tt le oppositio[1. sti fJ en t he prese nt-day backb o n es, ju st as i t d id i n 1938 ? I d on't t hin k I s hall put it to t h e tes t , but I wis h I co uld put ove r to the yo u ngsters t hat J would r eall y we l come t hem into my Division.

ST. JOHN PAGEANTRY GOE S NOR TH

F o ur cad ets o f th e Sa

A mbul ance Bri gade Cad e t Co rps.

PROCESSION I TO St. Giles Church, Wrexham, the Brigade Parade, the Clergy, the Mayor, Aldermen alld COLlncillors of th e Borough of Wrexham are followed by the Chapter Procession. The ph utog raph shows the Prior (Lord Aberdare) alld fOllr of the six Lords Lielltenant who sllpported the occasion (left to right) Capt. J. Hext Lewis, O.B E., C.St.J ., R .N.(R etd.): Col. J. L. Corbett-Winder, O.B.E., M.C., J .P : Brig. H. S. K. Mainwaring, C.B., C.B.E., D:s.O., C.St.J., T.D. alld Sir Richard Williams-Bulkeley, BI., C.St.l.

" If th e mo u n tai n will not go to Mohammed then Moh am m ed m ust go to the mo u ntain." With thi s id ea in m ind t h e P riory for Wales has adopted th e poli cy of givi ng an opport un ity to those living in th e mor e rur a l p art of North a n d West Wales to sh a re in th e t r aditiona l pageant r y as 0 iated all throu gh the Pri ory' history o nl y with th e annual St. John 's D ay f u nctio ns held in Cardiff, t h e capital cit y of W a les a nd home gro u nd of the Welsh Priory.

M embers of the Ord er , th e Briga de a nd th e St. J ohn Councils h a ve t r avell ed long di stances to 35

attend the annual gatherings and there i no intention of changing the pattern of these Festiva ls which erve as a rallying point for the Priory a$ a whole. But there is no rea on why tho e who work for the Order in th area more remote from Ca rdiff should not enjoy the benefit of the pu bli c interest created by vi ible representation of the Order as a great voluntary organisation wit h a practical purpose in the world of toda an d a t r a d ition a l b ackgro u nd of Christian ervice symb olised b y su ch things as the Robe worn by t he Chapter and the Insignia which links mem b er s

THE NURSING CONTINGENT being Rev iewed by the Mayor of Wrexham (Councillor Frank Cooper, J.P.) accompanied by, left to right, the Parade Commander, Major-General Lewis O. Pugh , C B ., C.B E., D.S.O. , J.P., v.L. (Assistant Chi ef Commiss ione r for Wales) County Superintend e nt (Mrs. E. A. J ones, S S.St.! ., S.R.N.) and th e Lord Lieute-'wnt of Denbigshire (Colonel J. C. Wynne Finch, C.B., M.C., O.St.J., J.P.)

in all the Commonwealth Countries.

Wrexham in East Denbighshire was selected for the first full scale ceremonial occasion, having a well organised representative St. John Council under the presidency of the Lord Lieutenant (Col. J. e. Wynne Finch, C.B.E., M.e. , O.St.J., J P.) and an exceptionally active Commissioner in the person of Capt. R. G . Evans, M.B.E., K.St.J., J.P . The Lord Bishop of St. Asaph , a Sub-Prelate on the Priory Roll, was pleased to give the project his blessing and the Rev. Chancellor D. E. M. Glynne Jones, S.B.St.J., readily offered to conduct a special service in St. Giles Church providing accommodation for about 1,200. The Principal Secretary of the Priory (Lt. Col. J. R. L. Traherne, e.St.J., D L.) found the Mayor and Chief Officials of the Borough of Wrexham eager to cooperate in the organisation of a St. John Festival in their midst.

Chapter with Investiture

The day's programme opened with an assembly of the Chapter in the ideal setting of the Council Chamber in the new Guildhall where St. John personnel from the six North Wales counties were present.

Principality that no less than six of the first Executive Officers were residents of North Wale s and Lord Aberdare was very happy to be conducting an Investiture in the north for the first time. He expressed his gratitude for the s upport of the Lords Lieutenant throughout Wales and his pleasure at the presenc e of six at tbis Festiva l. Colonel Traherne referred to the Appeal for £100,000 in aid of the Brigade in W ales thanking Capt. R. G. Evans for the lead had giver: in organising plans for full co-operatIOn to be glven in his county and to those who were generously responding in various ways.

Acknowledgement of Civic We1come

Members of the Chapter were the guests for luncheon of the Mayor and Corporation. The Prior presented to His Worsbip the Mayor and Wrexham Borough Council an inscribed copy of th e History of the Order of St. John in Wales and on the Welsh Border by Prefessor William Rees to mark the inauguration of the Wrexham St. John Festival.

Brigade Parade and Procession

Over six hundred member of the Brigade repre entative of the six North Wale counties assembled on the Guildhall Green under the command of the Assistant Commis ioner for Wales, MajorGeneral L. Pugh, for review by the Mayor of

Wrexham who was accompanied b y the Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire. Music was provided by the Band of the 4th Battalion R. W. F. by kind permission of Lt. -Col. W. J. Simmons, M .e., T.D.

The procession to the Parish Church of .St. Giles was a most impressive spectacle. Followmg the entry into the Church of the parade of Ambulance, Nursing and Cadet members , the Lord Bishop of St. Asaph by the Cross. Bearer and attended by his ChaplaIns were recelved b y the Vicar at the Church gates. Next followed the Mayor, Aldermen and Councillors in their colourful robes before the Chapter Procession led by the Director of Ceremonies, .the Bearer and the Sword Bearer precedmg the Pnor; the Executive Officers and members of Chapter following the Lords Lieutenant.

The Prior read the lesson at the Service at which the Lord Bishop officiated The Rev. Chancellor D. E. M. Glynne Jones preached the Sermon, exhorting members of the Order to " Remember the Rock from wbich they were hewn. "

Wrexham looks forward to a return of what it is ho ped will prove to be a triennial St. John Festival.

The Prior conducted an Investiture of members recently promoted in or admitted to the Order and presented warrants of appointment to Col. J. L. Corbett-Winder, O.B.E. , M .e., J .P. Lord Lieutenant, as President of St. John Council for Montgomeryshire, and to Mrs. A. B. Pennant, as Assistant Chief Superintendent for Wales. Among those invested were Dr. M. T. 1. Jones as Commander (Brother), Major-General L. O. Pugh, e.B., C.B.E ., D .S.O., J.P., V.L. as Officer (Brother) and Dr. R. Davies-Jones was formally congratulated upon his promotion as Knight, prior to reception by the Grand Prior.

In his address Lord Aberdare spoke of the Order 's links with North Wales in the historic past and gave a resume of its devotion to the sick and suffering through every age. He traced the activities of the Priory from its inception in 1919 down to the present day commitments. It was significant of the intention of its early leaders to make the Priory representative of the whole

36 A welcome was extended b y the Mayor of Wrexham, Councillor F. Cooper, J.P. , who was accompanied by the Ma yoress, in which he paid tribute to the work of the Order of St. John.

ruE MAYOR OF WREXHAM insp ec tin g (h e Ambulance contingent accompallied by, left to ':ight, the Par ade Commander, Major H. L. Ish erwood , O.St.1., T.D. (Compal1Y Commander of Aln.bulal/ce contl11 0 el1t) and Colonel J. C. Wynne Finch, C.B. , M.C.; O.St.J., J P.

The Order of St. John Promotions and Appointments

The following ha ve been recomm ende d for Promotions in and Admission to th e Orde r , approved by H.M . Th e So ve re ig n Head , as from the 17th Nov emb e r , 1965

For Promotion to the Grade of Knight

H.E. Sir John Miller Martin, K.C.M.G., C.B., C.V.O. (from Officer); Sir Jonathan Lionel Percy Denny, M.C. (from Officer); Sir Francis Evans G.B.E ., K.C.M.G. (from Commander); The Earl St. Aldwyn, K.B.E., P.c., T.D., D.L. (from Commander); Group Captain The Hon. Peter Beckford Rutgers Vanneck, O.B.E., A.F.C ., A.D.C. (from Commander); Edwin Bayliss, O B.E., D.L. (from Commander); Dr. Pah Chien Kwan (from Commander); Colonel Thomas Eric St. Johnston, C.B.E. (from Commander); William King Hay, M.B., B.Ch. (from Commander).

For Admission in the Grade of Knight

, The Lord Brock, M .S., F.R.C.P., P.R.C.S.; H.E . Arthur Roden Cutler, V.C , C.B.E. (Governor Designate for New South Wales) .

For PromotiOli to the Grade of Dame Ethel May, Miss Stonehouse (from Commander) .

For Promotion to the Grade of Chaplain The Rev. Canon Frederick Hood (from Officer Sub-Chaplain).

For Promotion to the Grade of Commander (Brother)

Dr. Patrick Wimberley Dill-Russell, CB.E. (from Officer); Leonard David Wilkinson, D.S.C (from Officer); Sir Humphrey Browne, C.B.E. (from Officer); Fred Argyle (from Officer); Colonel Wyndham Lethbridge Rex Benyon (from Officer)' William Henry Walker (from Officer); LIeut.-Colonel Robert Ernest Winter Johnson, O.B.E ., T.D. (from Office:r); John Lloyd Temple, M.B., F.R.C.S. (from Officer).

For Admission in the GI13Jde of Commander (Brother)

Lieut-General Sir Robert Drew, K.C.B., C.B.E., Q.H .P.; Air Commodore Ernest Bruce Harvey, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., D.T.M. & H.

38

For Promotion t,o the Grade of Associate Commander (Brother)

Alfred Gilston (from Associate Officer).

For Promotion to the Grade of Commander (Sister)

Margaret, Miss Young Jamieson , O.B.E. (from Officer); Lilian Alexandra, Mrs. Rose (from Officer); Edna, Miss Daniel (from Officer); Lily Christine, Mrs. Best (from Officer).

For Admission in the Grade of Commander (Sister)

Helen Gray Annetta, Mrs Cutler (Wife of the Governor-Designate of New South Wales).

For Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Brother)

Robert Alastair Ingham Clark (from Esquire); Robert Leonard Harvey (from Serving Brother); Ernest Alfred Doole (from Serving Brother) ; The Rev . John Ellis Robinson, Sub-Chaplain, (from Serving Brother) ; John Henry Bradley (from Serving Brother); Leslie Harold Puckett (from Serving Brother); George Ernest Shearman (from Serving Brother) ; John HaU (from Serving Brother); Wallace Benjamin Robinson (from Serving Brother); George Norman Ball (from Serving Brother); Charles Sharp , M.B ., Ch.B. (from Serving Brother); Harold Frederick Mulligan (from Serving Brother); Percival Arthur Stacey (from Serving Brother) ; Frank Raine-Allen, M.B E. (from Serving Brother) ; Raymond William Henry Victor Clayton (from Serving Brother); John Albert Harris (from Serving Brother); William Brown, M.R.CS., L.R.CP . (from Serving Brother) ; Allan Watson (from Serving Brother) ; Richard Riley Bibby (from Serving Brother); Walter Thomas Hill (from Serving Brother); Horace Marriott (from Serving Brother); George Henry Bradford Short (from Serving Brother); The Rev. Joseph Robinson (from Serving Brother); Walter William Cashmore, M.A., M.R.C.S ., L.R.C.P. (from Serving Brother); William Francis Hall, M.B., B.S ., B.Hy., D.P.H. (from Serving Brother).

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Brother)

The Rev. John Stokes Newman, B .A. (SubChaplain); Judge Anthony Joseph MontanaroGauci, C.B.E., LL.D.; Dr. Joseph Henry Reynaud, LL .D .; William Charles How , C.B.E., M.M.; Clarence Harrington Cooksley; Brigadier Peter Harry Mitchell May, D .S.O ., O.B.E ., M.C.; Group Captain Eric William Rambaut Fairley, M.R .C.S ., L.R.C.P., D.T.M. & H .; Wing Commander Bernard Taylor, M.B ., B .S.; Wing Commander William Stanley Everett; William Charles Chapman Gaymer; Robert Cavill Wofinden, M.D., B S , D.P.H., D.P.A.; Eric John Lea Cotton; Robert Barton Knowles, M.D., B Ch ; John Derwent Clark, M.B., B.S.; Captain Maurice Gwynne Hutchinson, T.D.; Kam Selem; Colonel William Paget Careless, D.S.O. , D.L . J P.

For Admission in the Grade of Assodate Officer (Brother)

George Wilkes, M.B.E .

For Promotion to the Gr a de o f O ffi cer (Sister)

Victoria Fran cis, Mrs H ed g es (from Serving Sister); Dora L ili a n, Miss Ha rr is (from Serving Sister) ; Jes sie Joy ce, Mrs Bo mford (fr om Serving Sister); Edna, Mrs Singleton (f rom Serving Sister); Mildred Ella, Mrs. Gould (from Serving Sister); Cecille Babette, Mrs Dut fie ld (from Serv ing Sister); Frances Mary, Mi ss D ean (from Se rving Sister) ; Ethel, Mrs, Stribblin g (from Serving Sister) ; Marie , Mrs. Reffold (from Serving Sis ter) ; Gladys, Mrs Jackson (from Serving Si s ter); Elsie Louisa , Miss Gilbert (from Ser vi ng Sister); Grace E velyn, Miss Myall (from Ser vin g Sis ter ) .

F or Admission in the Grade of Offi cer (Sister)

Wing Commander M a r y Sparks , L.R CP. , & S , L. R F.P S.; Pam ela , Mrs. Mi c hel so n

F or Admission in the Grade of Assodate Officer (Sister)

Claire Eli a n e , Mi ss E ngel.

F or Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother

Frank Aubrey Brown; Geoffre y Willi a m Bonnett ; Arthur William Gob y ; John Hen ry Thornton; Deryck Michael Swift ; Arthur Acey ; Alfred Charles Higgs; William Abrahams ; Arthur Barlow; Leonard Charles Barron; Victor Burrell ; George Christopher Clark; John Thomas Connor ; Walter Copley; Edward Co x; Clarence Frederick Drinkwater; Thomas Henry E a de ; Harold WIllmore Fox ; Robert Grunsha w ; Dudle y Stuart Hart , O.B.E., E R.D.; Harry Hartley; Alfred Hobden; Joseph Jardine Hodgson; Frederick John Hunt; John Joseph Johnson ; Edward Ernest Latimer; Leslie Basil Leaity; Ernest Edward Lofthouse; Wilfrid Morris-Barker; Charles Edward Neath; Harold Roxbee; Stanley Smith; Harry

William South; Edward John Stanford; Fred Hayden Taylor, O.B.E., M.D , M.B., B.S., D.Ph., B.Hy., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., D.P.M.; Albert Chapman Tweed; Ronald Frederick James Tewkesbury; Sidney George John Webb; Thomas Alfred Clift; Charles Morris Henry Rotman, M D , M.B , B S., D.P.H., M R.C.S., L.R.CP. ; Henry Frank Venner; James Wilkie Mitchell, M.B ., Ch.B.; Frederick George Woods; Walter Binding; Robert Piper, M.B ., B .Chir., M .R .C.S., L .R .C.P ., D.P .H.; George James Cottrell Rickards; Le slie Wood; William Hulse; Thomas Walshaw Roberts; Albert Ernest Harris Humphries; Samuel Henry Malone; Henry Ellis; William Johnson ; Alec Livesley; Carvell William Allen; Leslie John Old ridge; Richard Webber; William Henry Smith ; James Rae; Reginald Sanderson; Dobson Baldwin; Norman Harold Butcher; Frank Ernest Wright ; Jack Jones Matthews; Norman Jame s Cole; Leonard Arthur John O'Brien; Ernest George Barnard; Gordon Ivan Squire; Alfred Edward Sweeney; Ernest Frederick Charles Manning; Thomas Arthur Owen Bolton; James William Pope ; William Brett ; Eric Gordon Griffiths; Charles Richard Lewis Wallace; Robert Dawes ; Frederick Brown; Francis Leo Barnes, S.R .N. ; John Armitage William Green, E.R.D ,; Robert Wallace Bank s; Wilfred Spencer; Thomas Kenneth James Leese , M.B " Ch .B .; Dr. Peter John James Wren , V.R .D " J .P. ; Victor Henr y Wheble, B.M. , F.R.C.S.; William Young ; George Wootton ; Walter Tyrrell Hartshorn ; Percy James Plowright; John William Clamp ; Sydney Arthur Glover; Ern es t Rhoades ; Walter Greene ; John Charles L yon ; Leslie Richard Allum , M.B.E .; Walter Cook; Charles William Kir k; Warw ick Henry Parker ; Walter Robert John Knapp ; Arthur Alfred William Weston, B E M .; Albert Ed ward Munday; Charles William Smith; Albert John Edward Bell; Edward John Buckingham ; Leonard George Rose ; Edward Bostock, M A. , F.C.A. ; George Ernest Stevens; Frederic Ch a rles Marden' Henr y James Causton ; Jack Bo wen ; John Ra y Mortlock , M.B.E .; Ronald Herbert Bu tler, M.M .; Philip Walter Ward; Willi a m Frederi ck Warren' John Charles Watkin; Roderick Williams ' L.R.C.P ., L.R.C.S .; Sam Parker ; L eslie Bailey: Edward Henry Ha y ; Frederick Robert Wall; Thomas Cecil Birtles; George Joseph Ha yes, M .R.C.S., L.R.C.P .; Thomas Hamilton , M.B. , Ch.B.; Albert Edward Davies ; John Richard Carr, S R.N. ; Percival Frederick Farmer' D a niel Mackinnon Craig, D.S .O ., M.R .C.S ., L.'R.CP .; Philip Edwin James Cutting, M.D. , M B ., B S ., M.R CP. , D.T.M .; Charles Bennett Holland , D S.C , M B., Ch.B ., D.A. ; Peter Humphrey Tribe, M.B., B .S. , M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P .; George Francis AlborouO'h' Edward Lancelot Lloyd ; Cecil George Thomas Edward Cross ; Ronald Francis Smith· Walter Mervyn Evans ; Frederick Charles

39

Ronald Summers; J ack Pengelley Westlake; Kenneth Reuben Sylvester Mitchell; George Frederick Robson; John Mallinson; Walter Norman Coleman , B.E.M .; Alastair William Smith, M.B.E., L.R .CP. & S ., L.R.F.P.S.; Alfred George Tucker; Joseph Henr y Foster; James Wardle; William Hotchkis Richmond \Valters, M.B., Ch.B.; Henry Morton; Charles Edgar Smith; John Richard Hague ; Sydne y Walker; Frank Hall; Dr. James Oyunga William Ang awa; Alec Crowther Fergusson ; John Herbert Corris; John Oliver Clyde, M.R.C.S., L.R.CP.

For Admission in the Grade of Associate Serving Brother

Harr y A. Farbey; Homi Meherjibhoy Setna , M.B., B .S., D.T.M. , D.T.H.

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Sister

Margaret Jean , Miss Millard; Jean, Mrs. Sanders; Ada Evelyn, Miss Brown; Kathleen Mary Stuart, Miss Oakes ; Evelyn Mary , Mrs. Unett ; Beryl Ellen , Mrs. Green; Mary Ursula, Miss Thomas ; Florence Kathleen Georgina, Mrs Rann ; Kathleen Muriel, Miss Ryland; Joan A udre y, Miss Frieze, S.R.N.; Alma Ethel, Mrs Bateman; Edith Mary, Mrs. Smith ; Madge, Mrs Steenbock ; Martha Elizabeth , Mrs. Otway ; Edith , Miss Elly; Olivia Doreen, Mrs. Potts; Mab yn Elizabeth Mary, Miss Sandys; Ella, Mrs. Kelly; Eliza beth Margaret, Miss McCrate; Doroth y May, Miss Tranter; Lily, Mrs. Wall; Beatrice Margaret, Miss Vernon; Charlotte Joyce Hildebrand, Mrs. Saunders; Phyllis May, Miss Bound y; Joan, Mrs. Norton; Phyllis , Mrs. Bright; Ivy, Mrs. JourneauxJennings ; Lucy Margaret, Miss Clarke; Dorothy Maud; Miss Newstead; Ruth Bessie, Mrs. Tarling; Hilda Ivy, Mrs. Banks; Hetty Rub y, Mrs. Ralph; Annie, Miss Lee; Oarissa Mabel , Mrs. Eaton; Nita , Mrs. Dennett ; Winifred May, Mrs. Dean; Drusilla, Mrs. Shepherd; Rosetta E., Miss Lansbury; Irene Florence Sarah, Miss Roffey ; Dora Emily, Miss Biggs; Kathleen Louise, Mrs. Lines; Joan Daisy , Miss Ray; Jean Ethel, Miss Wintersgill; Lily, Miss Morrison; Margaret Annie, Mrs. Shaw Smith ; Kathleen, Mrs. Coley; Elsie Ruth, Mrs. Allwright; Amelia, Miss Maughan, S.R.N., S.C .M.; Grace Sara Esther, Mrs. Hayward; Lucy Maud, Mrs. Wormall; Ethel Ann, Mrs. Hurry; Emily Elizabeth , Mrs. Rayson; Joan Mary, Mrs. Slatter; Marion Ethel, Miss Strachan; Amy Monica, Mrs. Dinham ; Mary Kathleen, Mrs. Tiley, S.R.N ; Hilda May, Mrs. Hunt; Bettina Mary, Miss Chenhall; Muriel, Miss Boulter; Nellie, Mrs Seedhouse; Lily, Mrs. Asplin; Nellie , Mrs. Yates ; Annie Clara, Mrs . Wyatt; Lilian Dorothy, Mrs. Lee; Rosemary Violet, Mrs. Schreiber; Margaret Elizabeth Scott, Mrs. Ferrier; Margaret Cecilia, Miss Gilling-La x, S.R.N. , S.CM.; Muriel Vera,

40

Mrs. Franklin, S.R.N.; Ethel May, Miss Read, S.R.N.; Bertha Annie, Mrs. Blackwell; Doris, Mrs. Silk; Evelyn Florence Anne, Mrs. Staples; Audrey Joan , Miss Allard; Dorothy, Mrs. Baker; Dorothy, NIl'S. MacIndoe; Hannah Jane, Mrs. Parker; Lily, Miss Gillott; Phyllis Emmerson, Mrs. Bell, S.R.N.; Lily, Mrs. Loveday; Adelah Maria, Mrs. Lock ; Annie, Mis Ma cBean; Hilda, Mrs. Plice; Joan Claudia Mrs. Hayling.

PRIORY OF SCOTLAND

For Promotion to the Grade of Knight

J ames Fenton W yness (from Commander)

For Promotion to the Grade of Commander (Brother)

David Ian Liddell-Grainger, D.L. (from Officer) ; Andrew Lawson, J.P (from Office r) ; Colonel George William Bruce, T. D (from Serving Brother)

For Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Brother)

Gilbert McCallum Shanks (from Serving Brother); Peter McGettigan , B.L. (from Serving Brother); James Armour Brown, B L. (from Serving Brother); William Johnston , F.I.S.W. (from Serving Brother) .

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Brother)

Samuel Lovell D avidson, M.B. , Ch.B.,F.R.CS.

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Sister)

Beatrice Mary June Gordon, The Countess of Haddo, G R S.M. , A.R.CM.

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother

Ronald Ale xa nder William so n; Nigel Scott Thornton Kemsley; William Michie, M.B .E. M.B., Ch.B., F.R.CS.; Thomas Falconer Rob on , M A., CA. ; Alexander Stevenson ; Henry For b es Murphy, CA ; Thomas Peter Johnston Nicolson, C.A.; Fergus Jardin e, F.S.A . (ScoL) , F.R.S.A.· Daniel Duncan, D.L .; Walter Menzies Campbell, M.A ., LL.B.; David Pollock Smith, O.B.E ., D .L. J.P.

For Admission in the Gl1ade of Serving Sister Mabel, Mrs. Mackie; Frieda Gellie, Mrs . Humble; Isabella, Miss Dean, M.A.; Jean Graham , Miss Lumsden; Hilda Ethel E lizabeth, Mrs. Orr ; Lilias Euphemia, Mrs . Hopper; Isobel Hope, Mrs . Mullens; Joan Kennedy, Dr. Sutherland; Louisa Harris, Mrs. Hickman; Dorothy Mary, Mrs. Barr, B.E.M

AMERICAN SOCIETY

For Admission in the Grade of Associate Commander (Brother)

Frederick Huntington Babcock ; The Hon. Henry Richardson Labouisse.

For Adnlission in the Grade of Officer (Brother) Edmund Patrick Donovan, O.B.E.

For Admission in the Grade of Associate Officer (Brother)

Robert Orville Anderson; George Keith Funston, L.H.D.; Bruce Francis Esterbrook Harvey; Oliver M. Jorgenson; Clifford Phelps Morehou se, LL.D.; Andrew Oliver, LL.D.; Whitney North Seymour; Philip E. Spalding; Andrew Varick Stout; Jeremiah Milbank; James W. Turpin, M.D.; Arnold Whitridge , Ph.D.

For Admission in the Grade of Associate Officer (Sister)

Anne Mae , Mrs . Belcher, M.D. ; Sarah Elizabeth , Mrs. Loening; Mary, Mrs. Rockefeller ; Lu rline, Mrs. Roth ; Anna Logan , Mrs. Upton.

PRIORY IN AUSTRALIA

Fo r Promotion to the Grade of Knight

John Meavious Pedler, M.B ., B.S. (from Commander) .

For Admi sion in the Grade of Chaplain .and SubPrelate

The Right Reverend Dr. T homa Thornton Reed, M .A., D .Litt. , Th .D . The Lord Bishop of Adel aide.

For Promotion to the Grade of Commander (Broth er)

Eric H ya m Freidman, M.B. Ch.M (from Officer); William Thomas Seargent (from Officer); Howard Lloyd Holland (from Officer); Major Henry Gordon Pre t, M.B. , B .S. (from Officer)

For Promotion to the Grade of Commander (Sis ter)

Eliza b.eth Reubena, Miss Ambler (from Officer) ; Joyce BIrd wood, Mr . Weston (from Officer).

F or Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Brother)

William Kelly (from Serving Brother); Victor Ma.skell (from Serving Br?ther) ; Favio Prillip OpItz, M.B., B.S. (from Servmg Brother); Kenneth GIl bert Outhred , M.B., B.S . (from Serving Brother); Henry Hollister Jack on , M.B., B.S. (from Serving Brother); Norman Pratt Long, M.B., B.S (from Serving Brother) ; Clarence Herbert Sutton Serving Brother); Walter Thompson (from Servmg Brother) ; Robert Mellis N a pier, Q.C. , L L.B. (from Serving Brother); Hurtle Cummins Morphett, M.C (from Serving Brother) ; Major John Lewers Grove, M.B. , B.S. (from Serving Brother); John Peter Bush, M.B., B.S , M.R .C S. , L. R.CP . (from Serving Brother) .

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Brother)

William David Symes, M.B., B.S.; Major Albert Isabella Emily, Miss Hammond (from Serving Arthur Wearne, M.B., B.S., F.R.CS .; Colonel Edgar Frederick Thomson, C.M.G., M.B., Ch.B; Donald Percival Williams; E . C. Gifford.

For Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Sister) Sister); Glad ys Irene, Mrs. Hulls (from Serving Sister); Blanche La VelIe Louise, Miss Delaine (from Serving Sister).

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother

Maxwell James Chapman, M.B., B.S. ; Ian Henry Edward Dawson, M.B. , B.S .; William Eagles; Douglas Joseph Harris; William Inglis, M.B., B .S.; Ray Mitchell; William Paul Nelson, M.B., B.S. , D.I.H ., D.P.H. ; William Joseph Palmi sano; Judge Jack Harvey Prior, CB.E., LL.B.; Harry Redfern; George Roland Jackson; Joseph Francis Byrne; Bruce Alex ander Simm; Michael Samuel Jackson; Russell James Scott; Albert Edward Birch ; William Arthur D avis; Gordon Hugh Ortmann; John Frederick Jackson, M.B., B.S.; Peter William Gebert ; David Cameron Heard; Ra ymond George Schilling; Kenneth Leslie Klaer; William Hartley Lewcock; Herbert Belmont Ale xander Cameron; R obert McDermant; Sydney Featherstone; Barry Freeburn; Alfred Scotney; Colin Capper Murdoch; Alan John Gray, M.B., B.S.

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Sister Jessie, Miss Blackman; Edith Mary, Miss Denham ; Do ris, Mrs. Jones; Dr. Norma Marjorie Nelson; Edith , Mrs. Smart; Mary Vina, Miss Hall ; Ruth Hilda, Miss Cornwall, Jessie May, Miss Skinner; Clementina Jane, Mrs . Kelly; Nan, Miss Durrans ; Elizabeth, Mrs. Nissen; Oarissa, Mrs. McNamara.

COMMANDERY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA

For Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Brother) Ro yston John Hancock (from Serving Brother); Francis John Patterson (from Serving Brother)· Wing Commander John Glaholm Manford, D.F.C (from Serving Brother); Arnold Sibald Nunn (from Serving Brother) ; Walter James Gillingham (from Serving Brother); George Newton Truman (from Serving Brother).

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother John McCulloch ; Ra ymond Passmore ; Thomas Cray; Heine Ray John ; Ra ym ond Eddington Woods, M.B., B S.; John Gerard Dalton; Jack Robert Andrew Martin Hu , ley ; Percival Norman Wellington; Leslie Robert Paul Lee' Raymond

41

Walter Clarke; John Newman Lockley; Reginald Thomas Ashworth.

COIVIMANDERY OF ARDS

For Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Sister) Olive Marie; Mrs. Logan (from Serving Sister); Mary Agnes, Miss Lutton (from Serving Sister).

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother

George Wilson Brown, M .B., B.Ch., B.A.O.; Thomas Raymond Haire, M.D., D.P.M.; John William Kennedy, O.B.E., M.P.; Major Edward Arthur Desmond Liddle, M.B.E.; Captain Robert James Mitchell, T.D., J.P.; Lieut -Colone l Desmond Gilbert Cromie Whyte, D.S .O., M.D., M.R.C.P., F.R.C.P.

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Sister Jean Frances, Miss Black; Elizabeth Ann, Mrs. Craig; Beatrice Florence, Mrs : Dickson; Janet Eileen, Miss Gillies, B.Sc.; Lilias Nelson, Miss Henderson, S.R.N., S.C.M.; Louise Palmer, Lady McDermott; Mary, Mrs. McMaster; Georgina Mary, Miss Muir; Mary Kathleen, Miss Patterson

COMMANDERY IN CENTRAL AFRICA

For Promotion to the Grade of Knight Dr. Edward Milns Bainbridge West (from Commander).

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Brother) Denis Thompson.

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother Robert John Vivian Bailey; Bernard Hugh Seymour- Hall.

Cinema Foyer Collections 1966

Associated British Cinemas have again generconsented to allow a foyer collection to' be taken in their theatres in the early part of 1966. Details will be sent to D/C. Commissioners and Superintendents when .available. Last year a total of ' £7,461 4s. Id. was collected from 288 Rank Organisation Cinemas.

Solutio'll to Crossword No. 25.

Across : 1, Shingles; 8 , Palpebra ; 9 , Ependyma ; 11 ,Depots; 12, St.em; 13, L.is.p; 1'5 , Neurone; 17 , Ease; 19 , Scabs ; 20, Piles; 21, A.n.t.s; 23 , Radicle; 25 , Tr.im; 27 , G.a.l.a; 28, Cradle; 3D , Bone meal; 32 , Pectoral; 33 , Essences.

Down: I, Steriliser; 2 , Nun; 3, Layette; 4, Spasm; 5, C.l.a.d; 6, Peppermint; 7, Cretin ; 10' , Eyes ; 14 , Public duty; 15 , Neat; 16 , Epsom salts; 18, Anal; 22, Splints; 24, Air-bed; 26, Ryle ; 27 , Gable; 29 , Ears; 31 , M.eD· 42

REVIEW CROSSWORD No. 16

Compiled by W. A. Potter

ACROSS

1. Add drugs to minced iced meat.

5. Parts of lungs rising above first rib and clavicle.

10 . For immediate cont.Tol of severe haemorrhage.

11. Bring back to health using rest or energy.

12 Heat for bath without water.

13. Animal gIving perfume.

15. Composed of protons, neutrons and electrons.

18. Not the finger generally used for a bell-push!

19. Glands stimulated by emotion and irritants .

22. The untrained person too often does this to the patient before ex amining him

25. Eats bit from fine linen.

26. Not robot doctor of the futur e !

27. All leav e dramatically.

28. Saw-like edge of bones forming skull sutures.

DOWN

1. Up-to-date fashion with senior service.

2 One s digit preparing food for use by the tissues.

3. Injury often caused by blow on face when spectacles are worn.

4. Net impregnated with vaseline and antiseptics for use as dressing.

6. Arranged for a photograph

7. Thighs.

8. East upset about atom producing sebaceous cyst.

9 Itching.

14. Was this method of reducing temperature a forerunner of "deep freeze" treatment.

16. For injured, it includes hand seats, stretcher and ambulance

17. Sinking of an organ from its normal position

20' Not a fraction, could be entire G.

21. Detected by hearing, sight, smell, taste or touch.

23. Sterilise by passing through burning gas.

24. Stain in silken fabric

25. Violent irrational person.

KETTLE CUP 1966

The third annual contest for The Kettle Cup for First Aid was held in the Post Office Refreshment Oub, Coventry, by kind permission of the Head Postmaster, Mr. K. V. White, on Saturday, February 5th 1966.

This event, held annually and organised by the local branch of the Post Office Ambulance Centre is for Boy Scouts and all the teams are drawn frol!l the Cheylesmere di s trict of Coventry.

SIX teams competed , all showing a very high standard of competence The teams were called to treat a patient, who they found when trekking across .some .farmland They found the casualty, a cyclist, lymg across his machine, in a quiet country lane. He had sustained a fracture of both leg and arm.

The winning team was the 33rd COVENTRY St. Catherines TROOP with 70 marks out of 100. up were the 70th , COVENTRY, St. Martms WIth 49 marks and a ver y close third was 40th COVENTRY Sea Scouts with 48 marks.

The donor of the cup , M r. Geo Kettle , pre sented the trophy and the medals , etc. were p r esented b y Group Scoutmaster K. Putnam.

The role of the casualty was mo s t abl y portrayed by a young Scouter from Eathorpe , Barr y Lomas. Mr . S . H . Bacon wa s th e judge.

MEMORANDUM

WANTED. The .loan photo g raphs or snapclea:ly showmg Bn gade Nursin g uniform In the penod 1900-1914 (bonnet , cloak a nd lon g dress style) an? during the 1914-]8 War including the V AD serVIce.

The will appreciate the of these pIctures so th a t a historical record of u n:form can be con::pile.d . If an yone still possesses umform of that penod mformation about this will be welcomed but the uniform itself should not be

The photographs should be in good condiand have the name, address a nd SJ AB D iviSIon of the 0wr:er writt.en th e back. With photographs on SerVIce It would be interesting to h ave a descnptIOn of the occasion and service.

Photographs should be addressed to the Principal Administrative Officer (N), SJ AB Headquarters, 8 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I. They win in due course be returned to the owners

OBITUARY

County Superintendent T. C. Forbes We print b elo w the first p a rag raph o f an obituary n o t i ce t o th e lat e C o unty Sup e rint e nd e nt T. C. Forb es. Althou g h. th.is obituary app e ar ed in full in our D

Mr. Forbes joined the Ware Division in May 1910 and took part in the Royal Review in Windsor Park in June 1912. He remembers it was a very hot da y . As a member of the Brigade Military Home Hospital Reserve he was called up for duty in the First War and later saw service in the R.A.M. C. in Salonica and the Balkans After being demo bilised he returned to Ware Division and was appointed Divisional Secretar y in 1920. He recalls giving up his annual holida y in order to undertake a w eek ' s first aid dut y at the Wemble y E x hibition , and he will never f orget the lmpressive ceremony at Cardington Cemetery in October 19 30 whe n he w as on dut y at the grave side on the oc casion of the mass funeral of the victims of the RI 0 1 di saster. In 1927 when Ware Division acquired its own motor ambulance he was promoted to Ambulance Officer and took an active part in operating the v ehicle, and later , in 1934 when he became Superintendent he w as largely responsible for organising a public appeal to raIs.e funds for the purchase of a new Austin Ambulance.

Accuracy is vital .Y0?J' Onl y eXlact reproductions of ill]unes gIve this accuracy.

"PLASTIFOL"

the original PLASTIC WOUND REPLICAS off unpa all 1 d ..... er you r e e opportumtIes m Vl ual Fust Aid trainin a Quickl y to with gum , these perfect replicas injurie s valuable tIme III preparatjon a nd can be u ed over and over agam.

Full Sets or. individual items Send 1/ - in tamps for a full colour illustrated booklet gIVmg details of all wounds. For sample wound, gum for attaching & booklet, send 5/ - postal order.

BROWNING'S LTD., 69 Aberdeen Street, HULL, Yorkshire.

43

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

Advertisements with remittance should be sent to The Advertisement Dept., The St. John Review, 10 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1 Ito which address replies to Box Numbers should be forwarded). Rate 9d. extra. Trade advertisements Is. per word, m,inimum 15s.

FOR SALE

BALL PENS, Pencils, etc., printed with your requirements - excellent fund raisers. Details: SPENCER'S P,O. Box 19 (SJ), Barow-in-Furness, Lanes.

S.JA.B. BADGE Wall Shields, 32s. 66d. S.J.A.B. Gold cased crested Cuff Links, 52s. 6d. Trophy Shields supplied. Men's White Nylon Gloves, 14s, 6d. Medal ribbon Is. 3d. eah ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniforms, Is. 3d. eah ribbon if mounted on pin brooch. Medals m(mnted, miniatures quoted for. Stamp for leaflets. - MONTAGUE JEFFERY , Outfitter , St. Giles Street, Northampton.

FUND RAISING? Ball Pens are used by everyne. We supply Platignum, nationally known makes at reduced wholesale prices to organisations. Your Group title, or other wording can be die stamped on each pen in Silver or Gold as required. Pen cases are available in various colours. Excellent profit (over 50'% on cost) with full guarantee plus quick delivery extended. Details and samples forwarded on request. Thompson & Robinson Ltd. , 20 Churchfield Road , London, W.3. Tel.: ACOrn 8770.

DO YOU KNOW??? that it costs no more than 5d. each for the supply of full-length ball point pens die-stamped in gold with your Detachment of charity. Minimum quantity one gross.. Please print your requirement (Maximum 30 letters) and send 60/- total cost for 144 uens. J. E. Thomas & Son (Cuffley) Ltd., 2A Handsworth Road, ottenham, N.17.

STILL £1 PORFIT and unbeatable value! Special parcels 144 6d. Toys, or 72 1/- Toys or Selections Dearer Toys, Stationery or Jewellery. Each parcel 52/-, Carriage 4/- on orders under £10, over £10 Carriage free. Alternatively make your own choice from our Catalogue listing hundreds of attractive items at WHOLESALE PRICES. J. E. Thomas & Son (Cuffley) Ltd., 2A Handsworth Road, Tottenham, N.17.

ADVERTISING PENCILS, Superb Ball Pens , Combs, Brushes, etc. gold-stamped with Brigade name, raise funds quickly/easily. Repeat orders assured. Details: Northern Novelties, Bradford, 2 44

PERSONAL

SPEND YOUR HOLIDAYS in glorious Devon at "Bonnicot Guest House," Hartley Road, Exmouth. Tel.: 3185. Prop. Cadet Supt. and Mrs. Nicholson. (Members of l oal Hoteliers Association). Special attractive rates for early and late holidays, including honeymoons. Brochure with pleasure. Also available Six Berth Pemberton Starlight Caravan (26 ft.) occupying a premier site of Sandy Bay Caravan Park (Exmouth). Overlooking sea and sands. All mod. cons. nearby. Details on request.

GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS

SCHEMES

HOSPITAL

CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l

Opthalmic Student Nurses

Candidates accepted at the age of 16 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students. Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarde d to successfu l candidates. Well equipped School of Nursing. Successful candidates, on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses' Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert Hall, Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tennis Court. Applications in writing to the Matron. Active Social Club.

EASTBOURNE HOSPITALS NURSES' 'IRAlNlNG SCHOOL (406 beds)

Comprising St. Mary's Princess Alice and the Leaf Hospitals

Applications are invited fro m (suitably) weII educated young men and women of 18 years and over for 3-year course in General Training.

Training is in accordance with the 1962 Experimental Syllabus Block System of Training in modern, well equipped training unit. Excellent practical experience available. FulI recreational facilities including beach huts and chalets. Nurses on the Supplementary Registers are accepted for a 2-year course.

Vacancies occur January and May 1966. For appli cati on forms and iIIustrated brochure apply to Matron, Alice Hospital, Eastbourne

MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON E.C ••

Vacancies exist for STATE ENROLLED NURSES to enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing, Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing.

Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board.

Opportunities for promotion and practical responsibility in the specialist field of nursing.

Apply to Matron, Commander of the Order of St. John, Moorfields Eye Hospital.

OAKLEIGH LODGE

REST HOME

4 DRAKE ROAD

WESTCLI FF-O N-SEA, ESSEX

Telephone: Southend-on-Sea 42793

Caters primarily for retired gentlemen

A few ladies also cared for.

Centrally heated. Hand wash basins with hot and cold water in rooms.

Spotlessly clean and brightly decorated throughout. Large garden. Complete absence of rules and regulations.

Matron: Mrs G. R. Rose

For your

Nurse

HAVE YOU A FLAIR FOR GETTING TH E BEST OUT OF PEOPLE?

Women with a taste for an out-of-the-rut job are needed as supervisors in Crothall 's Hospital Housekeeping Organisation. The firm offers good starting salaries, and scope for the ambitious. Supervi sors with proved organising ability and readiness to accept responsibility can achieve rapid promotion to management. Most Crothall contract managers , and two out of the three area managers are women.

Qualities? A sense of order is important, and the ability to combine firmness with unfailing courtesy. Experience is not necessary , both technic'al and management training will be arranged within the company. If home and family have been your life for a number of years we may still be able to offer you a post if you appear personally suitable.

Apply to: Mr. H. C. Houghton-Brown, Crothall and Company Limited, 5 Cowcross Street, London E.C.1. (CLErkenwell 8007).

T he

Mi niature S

eto

n d l ife-size S ku ll has your division a in the cupboard an one?

THEN YOU HAVE THE BEST

Th e ftn el y colou red, flexib e , un bre ak a b l e E S P Models shoul d greatly a ssist in your tra i ning programmes You r n eig hb ouri n g divisions have, no dou bt, m uch admired

Th ere ar e al so T he Miniatul-e T or so, and T he Breat h of Life which would furt h er you r c a use. You m ay see these, and others- just sef1d for our br oc h ure.

t he m DISTRIBUTORS

Anatomy Flannelgraph V sible Man and Woman P astlfol Wound Replicas .' _EDUCATIONAl,; Ir SCIENTIFIC PLASTICS LTD.

Hospital-proven for 5 years, Relyon stretcher and trolley mattresses give maximum comfort with firm support. They can be washed repeatedly without deterioration. Prices from 90/ -. For further information, please write to the manufactu rers:-

PRICE BROS. & CO. L TO. Wellington, Somerset Tel: Wellington 2216

BLOOD DONORS SAVE LIVES

Please help the National Blood Transfusion Service to maintain this life saving work. More volunteers are needed as blood donors to meet the increasing use of Blood Transfusions for the treatment of patients.

Further particulars from the Sponsored by North East Metropolitan Regional Blood Transfusion Centre, Crescent Dr ive, BRENTWOOD, Essex. Tel. 3545

MARSHALL & SNELGROVE, OXFORD STREET

J. MURPHY & SONS LTD.

By Appoilltmell to H.M. Th e Queen TOYE, KENNING & SPENCER LTD.

(ES T ABLISHED 18 01)

REGALIA HOUSE , RED LION SQUARE LONDON, W.C.I. CHAncery 8001 -4

Suppliers to the ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM

invite enquiries for UNIFORM TRIMMINGS

CIVIC & MUNICIPAL REGALIA

CUPS, TROPHIES & AWARDS

BADGES (Embroidered or Metal)

MEDALS & MEDAL RIBBONS

GOLD LACES, BRAIDS, CORDS

Full details of the above, and of other pilgrimages, from THE CATHOLIC ASSOCIATION

(U DER THE PATRONAGE OF THE HIERARCHY OF E GLA DAD WALES) 26 Ashley Place: London, S.W.l Telephone: VICtoria 5122

HOBSO & SONS

(LONDON) LTD. FOUNDED 1850

Specialists in Uniforms for St. John Ambulance Brigade JACKETS, TROUSERS , GREATCOATS, CAPS, GLOVES.

LADIES' GREATCOATS & COSTUMES

Price List and Patterns on Request

All enquiries to : 154-164 Tooley street, London Bridge, S.E.I

Telephone: T elegrams: Hop 2476 (3 lines) "Hobson, Sedist, London "

DIAMOND ENGAGEMENT RINGS, GOLD - Wedding and Signet Rings. GOLD & SILVER - Cigarette cases, Powder Boxes,. Necklaces , Charms, Brooches, Earchps, Lmks, SILVER & E.P.N.S. - Teasets & Plate.

Clocks, Cutlery, Pens and Lighters and on Secondhand Jewellery.

THE HOUSE OF POTTER

THE NEW DRINKING STRAWS THAT BEND TO ANY ANGLE

thank to an exclu ive patented corrugated section. A special hightemperature re i tant wax treatment prevents di integration in oups, broths and o,ther hot liquids. Hospital and anaio'ria te ts confirm that the FLEXSTRA W safeg uard s against Droplet Infection and are more economical than cO:1Ventional, breakable drinking tube which need terilization after use.

NATIONAL SUNLIGHT LAUNDRIES

:

BROUGHTON ROAD, FULHAM, S.W .6.

For details of the House and Membership, please complete and return this coupon to THE WARDEN , ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE, LONDON, S.W.L (BELgravia 2732).

TABLET IDENTIFICATION

is becoming an essential part of modern medical services

Making medicaments, and particularly tablets, readily identifiable by doctors and other professional persons is wholly desirable, and in fact vital.

'CO-TAB' CODEDTABLETS

is a range of CODED TABLETS which represents, as a system designed especially to meet modern needs, the greatest advance of ou r time.

'CO-TAB' tablets are manufactured by Arthur H. Cox & Co. Ltd., Brighton, Sussex, manufacturers of medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations for over 125 years.

If you would like to know more about 'CO-TAB' Coded Tablets, please write to:-

CONTINENTAL LABORATORIES LTD. ' 85 Church Road, Hove, 3. Sussex.

Illustrated is Little Cornbow , Halesowen - modern spacious premises designed and built specially for T. E. Webb & Co. Ltd . as a distribution and administration centre.

This is but one of the four ';' factories where we produce Christmas and Everyday Greeting Cards , Gift Wrappings , Calendars and Sundries exclusively for fund raising purposes

The outstanding quality and value of our products has been proved time and time again by the success many organisations have had by taking advantage of the facilities we offer.

If ei ther you or your organisation are in need of funds and do not already make use of our services DO write for full details

NOW- to:-

Oept.6

T. E. WEBB & CO. LTO.

Little Cornbow

Halesowen

Birmingham

Rememb e r that full ranges of cards and sundries are available at all times at our permanent showroom-warehouses at 90 , Judd Street , London , W C 1 , and Lancaster House , Whitworth Street, Manchester 1 .

>ll Factories also at ACCRINGTON , BURTON-ON-TRENT and PRESTON.

CARPETS

Sold.

* Showrooms or Warehouses in Most Main Cities .

* Planning and Fitting Service Most Areas.

* Free Delivery, plus Five Star Service.

* Kossett Specialists.

All leading makes available AXMINSTER : WILTON · PERSIAN INDIAN and TUFTED

11, ST. GABRIEL ROAD, EASTON BRISTOL, S. Telephone: Bristol 52068

BYFORD built properties

The name which has been renowned for seventy-five years in bUildings of pleasing design and sound construction

If it's 'byford built'it's an investment!

J. T. BYFORD & SONS LTD

ESTATE DEVELOPERS & CONTRACTORS

13 HIGH ROAD, RAYLEIGH ESSEX

BLOOD DONORS

SAVE LIVES

Please help the National Blood Transfusion Service to maintain t his life saving work. More volunteers are needed as blood donors to meet the increasing use of Blood Transfusions for the treatment of patients.

Further particulars from the Sponsored by North East Metropolitan Regional Blood Transfusion Centre Crescent Drive BRENTWOOD, Essex Tel. 3545

MARSHALL & SNELGROVE, OXFORD STREET

YOU know the good taste of famous OX TONGUE

did you know that Harvey's now make a complete range of superb canned meats -at very reasonable prices?

BEEF STEAK

STEWED STEAK

STEAK & KIDNEY PUDDING WHOLE ROAST CHICKEN

BONELESS CHICKEN & TURKEY

LAMB TONGUES

HAMBURGERS HAM and the new STEAKBURGERS -2 for only 1/6d.

Ask for Harvey'sfrom any good grocer

HARVEY'S BELGRAVIA FOODS LTD.

Bel gravia Works, Marlborough Road London, N.19 2

CAMBRIAN CHEMICALS LTD.

GASES - Complete range stock including Isotopic and hydrocarbon gases.

OXYGEN in lightweight disposable cylinders.

AMINO ACIDS ) Pharmaceutical quality NUCLEOTIDES

ALCONOX - Unique Hospital detergent

LITHIUM TETRABORATE for X-Ray emission analysis

Many other research, pharmaceutical chemicals including IODODEOXYURIDINE enquiries to-

MACKS ROAD, BERMONDSEY, S.E.16

"It shoulde be heded like a snake, And necked like a Drake; Foted like a Kat; Tayled like a Rat, Syded like a teme, Chyned like a Berne."

(The Bake of St. Albans (1486) on the properties of a Goode Grehound)

You too can spot the champions at

RACINe EVERY WEDNESDAY AND FRIDAY at 7.45 p.m.

WAT 4774 - SYD 2153

CHELSEA FOOTBALL CLUB

Now that our new West stand is completed we will be able to accommodate many more season-ticket holders next season

If you are interested please write to:-

Football Club

An application form will be sent to you in due course.

For this year s matches, reserved seats can be booked by post one month in advance of each game. Prices 7/ Sd.

National Society for Cancer Relief

47 Victoria Street, London, S.W.1

Cancer Relief assists cancer sufferers who are in financial need. Last year over 10,000 were assisted and no genuine case is ever rejected.

Cancer Relief is not subsidised but relies entirely on donations from a generous public. ;-

Almoners of Hospitals, great and small, without exception, avail themselves of the services of the N.S.C.R. These illvo1ve a large annual expenditure, including actual benefits now costing over £247,090 per annum.

would like to take this opportunity cif thanking the St. s Ambulance Brigade for all their help and assistance in dealing with casualties every football season

RUPTUREDP

-the modern appliance that brings unique 'as-with-the. , relief without fixed pads or springs . . . and holds a hernia so naturally that customers forget they're ruptured altogether!

Deferred terms available. 30-day money-back guarantee.

Send for free booklet now to:

In the interests of Road Safety the INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED MOTORISTS exists to provide an opportunity for you to find out if your driving standards are as high as they ought to be. For details of Membership and the Advanced Driving Test fill in the coupon below

the Secretary Institute of Advanced Motorists, Empire House, Chiswick, London W4.

THE HEALING OF NATIONS

CAMERA TALKS LIMITED

FILMSTRIP PRODUCERS AND DISTRIBUTORS

11 NORTH ROW LONDON Wl HYDE PARK 2761

The following 35mm colour filmstrips with teaching notes are now available sale and return on the following subjects:

-ADVANCED FIRST AID SERIES

- MATERNITY AND CHILD HEALTH SERIES

- TRAINING FOR INDEPENDENCE

- CARE FOR THE AGED

- OBSTETRIC AND CROSS INFECTION SERIES

Please in dicate those filmstrips you wish to see and return th e list to us.

May I see the Minolta Mini 35mm Filmstrip and Slide Projector weighing only 3 Ibs also availab le from you?

LIVE IN MALTA

NAME

ADDRESS

DATE 8

'\If ONE OF THE "TROPICANA ESTATES " VILLAS THE BRITISHER'S SECOND HOME IN THE SUNNY, BLUE SPARKLING MEDITERRANEAN

Plots of land are now available on the IL LIPPIA ESTATE in SUNNY MALTA

The estate is suitable for retirement or investment.

• Plots from £740, including roads and main services.

• Modem bungalows from £1,995.

• All payments can be made III STERLING.

• Easy Payment Plan.

T he value of land in MALTAis nszng faster than anywhere in EUROPE , so NOW is the time to buy!

TROPICANA ESTATES (MALTA) LTD.

Triumph House, 189 Regent Street, W.I REG. 8871

Please send me without obligation FREE illustrated Brochure.

NAME (Block Capitals)

ADDRESS

HAVE YOU A FLAIR FOR GETTING TH E BEST OUT OF PEOPLE?

Women with a taste for an out-of-the - rut job are needed as supervisors in Crothall s Hospital Housekeeping Organisation. The firm offers good starting salaries and scope for the ambitious Supervisors with proved organising ability and readiness to accept responsibility can achieve rapid promotion to mana ge ment Most Crothall contract managers , and two out of the three area managers are wom en.

Qualities! A sense of order is important , and the abil ity to combine firmness with unfailing courtesy Ex per ie n ce is no ne ces sar y, both tech ni cal and mana gement tra inin g will be arranged within the company If hom e and famil y have been your life for a number of years we may still be able to offer you a pos t if you appear personally suitable

Appl y to Mr H. C. Houghton-Brown Crothall and Company Limited 5 Cowcross Street , London E.C.1. (CLErkenwell 8007).

Burnham Trading Estate

Burnham Road

Dartford, Kent

DA 20667

Tel. No J.R

ST. JOHN AIR ATTENDANT COURSE

DIV. SUPT. H. F. KNOTT

Having had the opportunity of re-reading the article in the June 1965 Review under the title of St. John Air Attendant Course, I felt that you mig1:it be interested in our experience (as an article) on this s ubject, which may also be food for thought for other small Divisions.

I am sorry to say that I am unable to offer the writer of that article any ideas of how to obtain flight experience without cost, but this is what we did.

For two years we endeavoured to arrange a course of lectures in St. John Air Attendant work, but each time we approached our local R.A.F. Station at Abingdon for assistance, fate seemed to step in, and if it wasn't some crisis at Aden then some other part of the world seemed to be in turmoil, with the result that we became rather frustrated, b y having our requests for lectures repeatedly turned down Following this series of disappointments, but being a Division that is not easily subdued, we approached the Unit.ed States Air Force, who instantly rallied to our assi,stance and detailed a Flight Medical Officer, assisted by our Divisional Surgeon, to undertake the lectures at their -Headquarters near Swindon in Wiltshire. Although this meant a return journey of some 40 miles weekly for the duration of the course for the ten members attending, it was considered well worth while. The Lecturer carried out the instruction with enthusiasm , which included film s on the subject and his personal experiences. The evenings terminated with the traditional coffee, which was enjoyed by all before the. long journey home in the dark.

The course ended with a visit to R.A .F. Transport Command, Lyneham, which had been arranged with the Medical Officer of the Station, to deal with the practical aspect of the instruction. Attendance at Lyneham was arranged to coincide with the arrival of a Britannia of Transport Command from Aden, carrying casualties from the Middle East; this gave us the unique opportunity of meeting the casualties, and , being shown the various apparatus, stretchers and harness es needed on a flight of this kind. This was followed by a demonstration of unloading, having mind to priorities, and the dispersal of casualties to hospital by ambulance. The party, having taken light refreshments at the Terminal Building, were then conducted over a Comet IV where a comparison of equipment, and method s of loadin g etc. with that of the Britannia could be assessed

To complete the training it was felt that mem12

bers should have additional flight experience in a Civil aircraft under instruction so that they might be acquainted with the different procedure to that of the Military. Because of the cost, any proposed flight had to be one in which an excursion rate was possible. On hearing this our Lecturer donated his fee to the project , and with the memb ers contributing their share of the fare, thin gs were set in motion. On looking through the literature it was found that the shortest route with any sense of purpose , and which was not going to cost the earth, was a day return trip to Guernsey from Hurn Airport, near Bournemouth , (at £4. 5s. Od. each). Guernsey was finally selected for not only did it mean a flight over the sea , we wou ld have a feeling of going somewhere, but it was al 0 felt that as we were a party under trainin g, the S.J.A.B. on the Island might be able to entertain us, and arrangements were made to this end.

Having decided on the trip , then came "the lon g wait" for excursions are only bookable , (unless you have a party of more than fifteen) on the day before the intended flight ; frequent telephone calls over the ensuing three weeks, found the vacant - seats falling from 24 to 10 on the Friday before the departure on the Monday. However Sunday morning arrived and a telephone conversation confirmed that ten seats were still available and the trip was on. All members were immediately notified and a telephon e messa ge passed to the Area Commissioner R . H. Blanchford in Guernsey.

The Monda y mornin g started wet and very windy, but with the ten members safely "s towed' in two cars we set off for Hurn. On arrival the weather had only improved a little, but having arranged to arrive with an hour to spare (we were determined not to miss the flight) we consoled ourselves with hot coffee and buns. Our aircraft, a Dart-Herald of British United Airways was scheduled for 11.30 a.m., and a few minutes before, we were called as a party , and trooped out to this v·ery modern and comfortable aircraft.

The first part of the flight proved to be quite exciting with air pockets and wind of some force, but once over the Channel the cloud dispersed and the r emainder of the flight was in brilliant sunshine and warmth; our reception by the Bailiwick S.J.A.B. Transport Department was iust as warm and having eaten our packed lunches we were shown and had demonstrated all the compr ehensive apparatus they maintain for dealin g with the emergencies that are frequently met

there: The afternoon was rounded off by a trip to St. Peter Port for an inspection of their Marine Amb ulan ce, Flying Christine II. We were all most impressed by the organisation that must have go ne into the Island's emer ge ncy arrangements a nd were inspired to look at our own or ga nisation at home to ensure that a similar standard existed. Our return to the airport was by road along the so uthern part of the island where we were shown so me of the beauty spots, before arriving back to catch the return fli g ht at 4.50 p m jus t four hou rs or so after arrival.

Our return flight was n ot without its usefulness, for it was soon discovered that one of the Air Hostesses on board was attached to the Bri gade, and generally, within the ca ll of her dutie s, did

all she could to show us the emergency equipment on board and talked to us about Crew training and methods of dealing with incidents in modern and pressurised aircraft.

The customs caving been confronted and our declarations made, we tumbled into our cars and returned home , all somewhat tired but with a feeling of satisfaction and that a reall y worthwhile training pro gramme had been aCCOIT, plished. We have 50 odd feet of coloured cine film to prove it, in what the cinemas would call a thrill packed epic in super Kodachrome II.

We are now the proud po ssesso rs of St. John Air Attendant Certificates, and hope that one day we shall be asked to serve the Bri gade in thI S capacity.

THE "PUFFIN"

RESUSCITATION TRAINER

A new mask trainer for mouth-to-lllO'Jth and mouth -to-nose re pir atory re u citatio n te chnique bas recently been produced by th e British 0 ygen Compa n y entitled The Puffin" The model retails at £4 4 . and will be available throuo-h the usual distribut or in the not too di tant The device is similar in concept and operation to the "Cheshire-Wilson " trainer which has been in ervice for some time in many ASSOCIatIOn and Brigade units. The trainer consists of a fle xible plastic moulding of the human il1.outb a nd nose connected by rubber tubing \ to a dlSPO pIa tic bag simu lating the lun g. The fl?w of aIr between the face piece and the IS controlled by a spring clip which constncts the ru b ber tu be according to the of the head. (This effect is produced In the Cheshire-.Wilson .model by a sliding ball valve.) The plastic bag IS contained in an outer fabr!c envelope in the walls of which thin canes are Inserted. These canes are said to pro13

vide the degree of resistance to inflation which co uld be expected from the actual rib cage and the associa ted muscles. When inflation ceases natural elasticity of the human chest is replaced by the 'spring of the canes which expels the air from the bag via a non-return valvB direct to the open air. !,he outer envelope may be ecured lightly to the "ca ualt y s" chest by webbing tapes and the envelope may be placed beneath the "cas ualty's " coat, sweater or shirt. .

Full. attention has paid to the question of hygIene and the device can be considered adequate for the teaching of mouth-to-mouth or mouth -to- nose te hniques in mass ession, either alor: e or in association with more sophisticated eqUlpment.

No information is to hand as to the wear and tear effect of continual constriction and release of the rubber tube, but the manufacturers are that no deterioration should be expected In the normal life of the trainer.

BE SIFE!

There are now about 9 million licenced road vehicles in Great Britain and if each vehicle went out on our roads simultaneously, they would certainly make car driving an impossible task, though I dare say when we are motoring on a Bank Holiday we are excused for gaining the impression that all these vehicles are out on the road that day. Our road system has been built and developed over a period of hundreds of years, and A 1 can now only mean Britain's first London trunk road and not the other interpretation of that symbol , 'absolutely first class'.

Journeys on some of the highways are almost like a fairground, a ride on the Big Dipper at two shillings being mere child's play to the existing time one can experience on a car journ ey. Humpbacked bridges, hairpin bends on a down gradient (1 in 4), round and round the roundabouts, zebra crossings, safety islands (?), along with the cows for half a mile, through the water splash , across the Ferry, through the Tunnel, car parking in the sea (Southport), not forgetting the children's 'hope the gate's closed so that we can see the Diesel train', and even the Dodgems.

Darkness descends and up come the illuminations-headlights ; sidelights, rear lights, brake lights, indicator lights, Belisha Beacons, traffic lights, road reflected lights (red for port, white for

'Be a better driver'-how often have we seen that notice and assumed that it applies to the other fellow, asks Area Commissioner Graham Thwaites, T. D., Duke of Lancaster's District

starboard), cats' eyes, dogs' eyes, all in sodium, mercury, helium, neon, fluorescent, incandescentthe lot. These are just a few of the hazards of the road, and to make sure we know of their existence, warning notices are placed all the way along for us to read and inwardly digest. It also means that our heads have to swivel through a complete circle of 360 0

One of the great advantages on a Motorway is that it is only necessary to look to the front, and occasionally to the rear (via the mirror). This takes ages to get used to and when we have accomplished it with practice, we then forget to swivel our heads again on returning to the A and Broads.

As this article is on road safety, let some statistics speak for themselves on the advantages of a motorway. Most accidents in a year are caused b y the following actions by motorists:

(a) Misjudgement whilst overtaking other vehicles against oncoming traffic- headon collision.

(b) Taking a corner too fast - skid or headon collision.

(c) Entering a main road from a minor road .

(d) Turning right off a main road - 25,000 of these in -1959

You will now know that not one of these manoeuvres can be performed on a motorway, and that these causes of accidents will be gradually eliminated the more motorways we have. But the picture remains fantastic on the other roads. There are about 1,000 casualties per day caused by road accidents, of which 16 are fatal. That is about the number of people carried by say 20 B.E.A. 'Viscount' aircraft. If 20 Viscounts per day crashed causing the same nu.mber a!ld type of casualties, I think we should wnte off aIr travel as an impracticable I?eans .of transport. yet we are still strugglIng WIth our road aCCIdent problem.

The Royal Society for PreventIOn of ACCidents, the Ministry of Transport , and local Safety Committees have their plans , but some of these projects will take a long time to bear fruit. The buildi'ng of motorways and the elimination of hazards is now proceeding apace , though not enough of the motorists' tax by way of car purchase ta x, licences and petrol tax has previously been used to improve road safety by these means.

In one country in Europe not only all the motor tax, but extra subsidies have been ploughed back for use on the road systems.

Appeals to the motorist by way of 'Be a better driver' and 'Honour your code' have had a limited success, and though the Easter fatalities were still tragic, simi lar appeals did in fact red uce the dail y average of accidents over that week end 'Be a better driver'- how many times have we seen that n otice and a umed that it applies to the other fellow? The real answer is to be informed h ow to bec ome a better driver a nd then we should find the notice applies to u s all , and by certain procedures would enable us to reduce the number of road casualties immediately.

Take the following action and one will find driving a car a much more interesting and enjoyable experience and contributing towards road safety by becoming very much less accident prone .

First-Purchase a small book called ' Roadcraft', The Police Drivers' Manual. Published at 3s. 6d. by H. M. Stationery Office , York House, Kingsway, London, W .C.2, and 39 King Street , Manchester , and in other cities; it is also obtainable from book-stalls.

Second- Practise on the road what it says in the book.

Third- Obtain details of 'H ow to become an advanced motorist' from The Institute of Advanced Motorists Ltd., 21 Harrington Road, South Kensington, London, S .W . I.

Fourth-Enquire from the Local Police,Traffic Department, about special training to enable one to pass the I.A.M. test.

I hope this will -'whet the appetite' of some of our readers. After all, the Company now owns

160 motor cats and other vehicles, in addition to those cars privately owned by our colleagues. And for anyone really interested who would l.ike to. go out on the road straightaway and expenence Just a few practical ideas, I would say try these, all of which require rather severe self-discipline.

1. Always use the Hang Back position. The thinking distance of a driver on the alert is two-thirds of a second at cruising speed. This is the time it takes to evaluate an emergency and operate a control. At 30 m.p.h. this twothirds of a second represents a distance of about 28 feet in which length your operation of, say, the brake has not yet commenced.

A car in good condition on a dry good road surface requires another 45 feet to be brought to a hal t. That is now a total of 75 feet. It increases at higher speeds to (at 60 m.p.h.):

Thinking distance 60 feet

Braking distance 180 feet

Hang Back means driving several car lengths behind traffic when going fairly fast on the open road. It improves your observation and enables you to overtake on a parallel course at full acceleration, when the road is clear. Don t worry about the fellow who overtakes you and goes into the space, still hang back he will probably be driving 'blind' behind the tail of another vehicle and you will be able to overtake him and the other vehicles because of your better zone of observation and earlier decision to do so.

In dense slow traffic make the distance at least of a car length. This will prevent you getting ' boxed' when the fellow in front stalls or because of other hazards. And not least it enables you to pull up much more safely in an emergency in both cases (Note the number of cars involved in a collision in a bumper to bumper emergency stop at a zebra crossing)

2. Drive smoothly, known as 'Car Sympathy'.

Imagine your passenger is holding a tumbler of water i full. Now drive the car brake, change gear. and turn corners, WIthout spilling the water. If you can eventually do this successfully, a strange passenger in your car will make complimentary remarks about how beautifully the car runs , where in point of fact you will know you have acquired one of the highest attributes of a polished driver-'Car Sympathy'.

3. Do not drive competitively.

This is quite definitely one of the most difficult feats of discipline to acquire for obvious reasons. The worst feature is that when two motorists decide to 'do battle' it is usually a third innocent party who becomes involved in an accident.

Try obtaining courtesy acknowledgement signals from other drivers rather than black looks.

15

STATEMENT BY THE COMMISSIONER FOR OXFORDSHIRE

OF THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE AMBULANCE SERVICES

The joint statement, issued by the Health Com- , mittees of the Oxford City Council and the Oxfordshire County Council , will ha ve made the public aware of the change in the organisation of the City and County Ambulance Services to take place on March 31st, 1966.

It was with great regret that , after so many years, the St. John Ambulance Brigade felt it necessary, .for reasons given in the joint statement, to gIVe formal notice of their intention to discontinue the Agency arrangements with the respective Councils.

From 1st April, therefore, membership of the St. John Ambulance Brigade will cease to be mandatory for members of the Service. A great many members will, however, continue to remain in the Brigade and will continue to provide voluntary, unpaid, service in their own time. This voluntary service has always remained a part of the Service, has been in the highest tradItIOns of the Bngade, and I should like to take this opportunity to pay public tribute to those who have provided i t at a considerable sacrifice of their leisure St. John will continue to offer First Aid and Nursing training facilities at all levels to the new Service at the request of the Controller

Recognizing that no Ambulance Service can possibly cover all occasions of risk , the St. John Ambulance Brigade in Oxfordshire intends to devote its own nucleus of ambulance vehicles and volunteer crews so as to provide a voluntary refor duties n?t covered by the normal SerVIce. HIghway surveIllance on maior roads at periods is an obvious situation for exploratron.

Expanding these activities will involve inevitahly, expenditure, and in .due course an' appeaJ must be made to the public to support thi s vital work . Finally, I would like to thank the Health Committees for the generous terms of their reference to the services of the Brigade in the joint stateISSUed by them , and to record our appreciatron of the co-operatIOn and consideration which has been received at all times from the members of the Joint Ambulance Committee of the City and County Councils -in what has been, throughout the years, a very happy association.

Thomas F. Briggs.

FOR THE SPEECHLESS

This was not a television programme as thought but a unique feature to the public life of people who have not the faculties of speech and hearin g . Mr. Wiby , the Secretar y of Roe Memorial House for the Ad ult Deaf asked assistance from the N.H S.R. Division of Derb y to run a First Aid Course

The Deputy Commissioner f or Derbyshire, Dr. I. Mackenzie, M.B.B.S ., M R C.S ., L.R C.P ., with the assistance 6f an interpreter , gave the Medical lectures with surprisingly few difficulties to nine members . Pte. T. E . Johnson of the N .H.S.R . Division gave the practical instruction in a similar manner. Throughout the whole of the course it was delightful to see the enthusiasm and concentration of tho se attendin g. The ex aminer , Dr . J . R . Freeman ,' Surgeon of Ni ghtin gale Cadet Division, completed the real test of abilit y. To the deli ght all , candidates all pa ssed A special presentatIOn. will be held shortl y to mark thi s g rand a chIevem e'n t.

There is good reason to believe that this is the first time a class of people without facultie s for speech and hearing ha ve succes sfull y completed a course of oral and practical instruction in First Aid , and pa ssed a qualif yin g e xa min a tion for a S J A A First Aid Certificate

This surely should stimulate people with normal faculties .to take up this important work particularl y as It helps them in their home life .

THE SUNSHINE CADETS

A group of Littlehampton youn gsters a r e helping to bring a bit of happiness to people les s fortunate than themsel ves . The y a re m embers of the St. John Ambulance Ca det s who have st arted a scheme. to t a ke out elderl y a nd handica pped people m the area for walk s. They vi sited the St. Bridget's Cheshire H om e at E ast Prest on and took about a dozen of the residents do wn to the beach in their wheelch a irs

The y also intend to visit individuals in Littl ehampton who because of old a ge or infirmit y a re unable to get out. Behind the scheme is Li tt1ehampton ambulance attendant Mr. John B a rrett. He said: "We started the scheme as an ex periment last year and it proved ver y successful. " 1:1r emphasised that all the youn gsters takmg part III the scheme are well tr a ined in fir staid and able to cope with any emer gen cy.

(S ee pa ge 27)

O U R P A R TY

MRS. J. P. DRURY-LOWE

County Vice- Pr esiden t Nursing Cadets, is pictured meeting some of the Nursing Members during the annual inspection for the South Derby Area.

COL

of the Andover Nursing C adet Di vision leaving St. Mary's Church, Andiverm after the flag dedication ceremony.

From left to right are: Mrs. J. Wicks CDiv. Supt.); C pl. June Emmins; Cadet L eader Janet Austen; Sgt. Margaret Morgan; the Han. Mrs. W. Pla yfield (Divisional Pr esident and donor of the flag)

ST.

THE STORY OF THE ST. ANDREW'S AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION

"1882 was the first year of activity for the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association and 173 cases of accident and sudden illness were removed from the streets of Glasgow and taken to hospital by litter."

A. simple statement, factual and brief.

Eighty-two years laler a magnificent and well office in Glasgow's North Street is the nerve centre of a vast and efficient organisation carrying out a prodigious and noble task for the benefit of mankind .

To-day the organisation has a total strength of some 10,000 memoers.

The years between make a vivid and exciting story and thlOughout the entire hi:-.tory of the Association a thread of foresight and warm humanity is strongly woven.

Look back to the Glasgow of Queen Victoria's r eign. A rich, rapidly expanding industrial city wiLh its shjpyards, foundries and coalmines, comfortably-off merc h ant traders and its already famous medical and well equipped

T he re wa a trafhc problem then too. Horse d ra wn tfillllS and the carriages of the gentry, tra ders ' dr a ys and vans.

It wa , a matter of grave concern to a small h a ndful of city doctors that there was such a rapid inc rea se i n ro a d accidents and the industrial expa n sion and the advent of modern machinery was ta kin g i ts own toU of life and limb.

On the 3rd of June, 1882, a letter from Dr. G eo rge Beatson of 2 Royal Crescent ap ;: e Hed in t he Glasgow Herald":-

"When one meets with an accident in the streets or elsewhere, while one is anxious to escape bodily suffering and be handled and carried as jUdiciously a s po ssibie. one is not desirous to undergo the men tal ordeal of being borne along by pol icemen on a s tr e tc her as if one were guilty of some criminal offence in s usta ining an a ccident."

Befo re that year was much older we learn from a further newspaper cutting that over 500 members of the Association had now been instructed "in the preliminary care and attention to meet the first needs of sufferers from accidents and bodily injuries and mutilations-how to arrest hleeding, how to prevent simple fractures from becoming compound ones , how to perform artifici a l respiration. what to do in cases of poi <.; oning. and to ensure the early and safe removal from the SCl;'ne of the accident to nearest hospital or to their own homes."

This same article proudly announces that the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association has pro· vided itself with one ambulance. This was the first ever to be seen in Scotland.

It was designed by a Dr. Howard of New York and built by Mr. J. H. Burton of London. It arrived in Glasgow on 19th April, 1882, and was soon to become a familiar sight in the city streets. Soon after it was reported. "the wagon is now ready to turn out when called upon" an alarm was received by telephone, the wagon was got ready and went off with its full staff to a point 11 miles a way reaching the point of accident exactly eight minutes after receipt of the Alarm. This ambulance was a one horse vehicle designed to carry two patients and an attendant. The upp e r frame work was covered with dark canvas which could Ieadily be opened for ventilation purposes without exposing the occupants to the view of lhe public. The wheels were fitted with rub· ber tyres, the last word ill modernity then! By che rules of the Assoc iation all accidents and cases of sudden sickness occurring within the Glasgow Parliamentary boundaries were removed free of charge , accidents outside the boundaries and within a ten-mile radius of Glasgow were also attended to, but for these a uniform charge not exceeding 2 /- a mile was made to cover e x penses. This limitation was decided on as "with only one wa gon it was rnadvisable that is should be too long absent from the city where at any moment it might be needed ."

In cases of persons of very small means no paymen t was ak e n and the necessary expenses were defra yed out of gener a l funds , while for those 01 better social position, the fee was left to the discretion of the Secretary and the friends of the patient.

To-day when never a day , and scarcely an hour, passes without the sight of an ambulance in Oill city streets , think back to that one horse drawn wagon clopping along the cobbled streets on its mi<;sion of mercy. Think of the unique position of the "competent attendant trained in the lifting and removal of injured persons" who was to be the forerunner of the vast competent corps in operation to-day

The first annual report of the Association was publi "hed in 1884 and it is interesting to note how many of the industrial chiefs had been quick to value the ambulance service and associate themselves with the movement. Reading down the

ANDREW'S Ambulance Association Nurses being inspected by H.R.H. the Duke oj-Edinburgh in 1947.

ST. ANDREW'S Ambulanc e Asso ci ation Staf f 1913

first listed names of the General Committee we see names still famous in shipbuilding, engineering, chemical works, dockyards, light and heavy industry, the clergy, doctors and surgeons, names of men whose sons and grandsons are still with us and who have made a proud name for Scotland.

The President that year was the Marquis of Bute and by then the first real expansion which was to be so rapid was taking place with both Edinburgh and Coatbridge forming branches of the Association with their own committees. By then, there were two ambulance wagons in service and 372 calls were made. Out of that, 76 of these cases were temporarily treated either by the ambulance officers or trained pupils of the Association.

It was regrettable that the wagons were not more frequently used and the cOlllilllttee deplored the unnecessary suffering and danger of the injured being taken to the infirmaries by cab.

The present generation of young men would be impressed by the good fortune of those who attended the early ambulance classes and were privileged to be lectured by such famous names in medicine and surgery as appeared on the district lecture lists-Dr. Glaister, Dr. Barr, Dr. Wallace Anderson, Dr. William McEwan (later Sir William McEwan) and many others.

The year 1885 showed a marked increase in the number of calls. A pamphlet, "How to Form a Class" was issued by the Executive and the number of pupils trained by the Association rose to 3,715. Five new centres were opened in towns in Sco tland and a Stores Department was opened. Ambulance Corps were founded in several of the main shipbuilding yards, engineering works and railway companies . It is interesting to note that the Deaf and Dunib Institute in Glasgow was among the first organisations of its kind to form classes, and between the years 1882 and 1886 the Association trained 7,401 pupils in ambulance classes. In 1886 six new ambulances were built for the Association, the new wagons being stationed at Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dumbarton, Paisley, Hamilton and Baillieston. .

A new type was designed, as was a knapsack suitable for the use of the corps, and a little later a special basket containing the same appliances, but suitable for household use, was made available. A wheeled litter was introduced, fitted with a regulation stretcher and with an awning to shelter the patient. It had two large wheels and a small rear wheel designed to go into a railway van and these were used in towns and villages with no wagon.

To-day the triangular bandage is familiar to all. This was designed specially for the Association by Dr. George Beatson. This bandage-still in use to -day-can be applied in 32 different ways and was available i1;1 1881' printed with 50 designs showing its various uses and priced at 7d. 20

By permission of the Postmaster of Glasgow priority delivery of telegrams was secured if addressed "Ambulance, Glasgow". The same year the Glasgow Town Council agreed that way must be made in the streets for wagons belonging to the Association.

The Clyde Trust also granted free passage and priority on the ferries.

By the year 1891 the number of calls had increased to 2,346 and in an excerpt from the February issue of "Good words" in an article by Professor Henry Drummond on the Boys' Brigade, we read that as a result of ambulance training 3 cases had been a uthenticated of Brigade Boys having been the direct means of saving life by knowing how to stop bleeding of an artery.

In 1891 an ambulance handbook was written expres sly for the A ssociation by Dr. G. T. Beatson.

Tremendous interest had been aroused and people gave generously of their time and money. It was not uncommon in township, anxious to have their own wagon, for the local tradesmen and trading firms to put up the money for the purchase of the wag on without cost to the Association, the local ho spital boards making themselves responsible for the upkeep and storage.

Special pit stretchers were designed with hinge and forked feet so that they could be placed on ordinary hutch axles and wheeled underground alon g the hutch rails. A special stretcher was also designed to permit the patient being brought up from the pit bottom in either a horizontal or a vertical position and it could be placed in the pit cage when the cage or shaft was too narrow for the stretcher to be brought up at full length , so the patient could be moved in a sitting posture.

The corps went from strength to strength and in 1892 applications were received from Mr. H. H Lang and Miss F. Jones for permission to form a centre at Montevideo which was sanctioned.

Mr. Robert R. Cowan, Jeweller, Airdrie, presented the Association with a cup to be known as the Ambulance Challenge Cup and was to be competed for for the first time on 13th June, 1896. This was the first of over thirty competition cups or shields competed for to-day.

In 1896 the Central Executive Committee considered the desirability of petitioning for the Incorporation of the Association by Royal Charter This was an important phase as there were many advantages to be gained-both legal and general.

Till then the Association was a mere collection of individuals without a corporate existence choosing to call themselves by a particular name . It was considered that its status would be greatly improved and its influence materially increased by such a move. One particular advantage

would be that the County Councils could make grants to the Association out of the funds at their disposal. There were other legal advanta ges and the cost of application was gone into by a committee elected for this purpose.

One of the main reasons for desiring Royal Charter was that the Society of St. John by virtue of its position as a corporate body had secured a patronage and influence in England that the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association hoped to do in Scotland.

A petition to Her Majesty Queen Victoria was prepared and a large number of the noblemen and gentry of Scotland signed it.

In 1899 the Royal Charter was granted.

At a council meeting the same year, 1899, it was agreed that the council carryon the work of the Red Cross Society in Scotland. upon this resolution, the Central British Red Cross Committee recognised the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association as a branch of Red Cross work in Scotland.

Dr. G. T. Beatson, who had been elected the first Chairman of the Council as reconstructed under the Royal Charter, read a paper at a special meeting on the Red Cross and the right to use it as a distinctive badge, and in January, 1900, under the presidency of the Ma rquis of it was resolved that a public fund be opened Scotland in support of the objects of the Red Cross branch of the Association.

It wasn't until this year of 1900 that the Association had been occupied in any capacity in the military field, when at the 17th Annual General Meeting it was contemplated sending a Hnspital Ship from Scotland to South Africa. This idea ultimately had to be abandoned and a Base Hospital was sent instead.

Public interest was aroused and a leaflet fully explaining a Base Hospital was prepared which makes interesting reading to-day.

"A Base Hospital" in its complete state contains 525 beds, but it is in reality made up of several sections, and these can be proceeded with separately. Such a hospital would cost about £50 a bed. The executives will arrange that donors of £50 will have the privilege of naming a bed, and that donors of less than £50 mav combine and name a bed for each sum of £50 contributed. In this way counties and small towns and villages may give their names.

The first section of the Base Hospital, eq ipment and stores, left Glasgow on the 13th April and was conveyed to South Africa free of charge by the War Office, staffed by a Commanding Officer; Assistant Surgeon and Quarter master. a Warrant Officer, a Secretary, 17 First Class all of whom were medical students, and 24 second Gass Orderlies.

In April of the same year it was agreed to send 21

out two additional sections containing 200 beds and to create public interest one of the Docker Huts to be used was erected in the grounds of Glas gow University. The amount collected by the end of April was £40,000 and Her Royal Highnes s. Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, became Patron of the Hospital.

The St. Andrew's Ambulance Association Headquarters, then at 105 West Regent Street, was soon inundated with gifts from numerous work parties making socks, balaclavas, nightshirts, banda ges , etc. A great amount of good and genero us work was done and many older men to-day will remember the comfort of these parcels.

A letter dated 12th June from Kroonstead was received from the Commanding Officer advising thrtt work at the Base .HospItal had commenced, saying: "In the last five days w e have admitted over 100 sick and wounded. Our seven nprses arrived yeste rday , all well and are now in the camp ward. They have had a hard. time in the hospital of Bloemfontein. We are al1 doing our best, and we have a hospital full of patients, and thev and aJl their comrades who see them are delighted with the comfort in which they are livin g.

"We aJI feel thankful to have come out here to be able to help in relieving the suffering of the sick and wou nded in the terrible war."

One cannot read these words from the pioneers without and without a little dismay at the immensitv of their undertaking , and without comparing this humble beginning with the presentdav status of the Red Cross Association. A nurse '.','fote home from the same hospital saying: "The surgical work is most interesting, and as . we have every appliance and everything necesto relieve it, it is such a comfort."

At home, the work of the St. Andrew's Ambl1lanre Association continued and during 1901 over 5,000 calls were made on the wagons, the lists of members lengthened, as did the subscription lists. At the first Glasgow International Exhibition two exhibits were one of ambulance appliances and the other of Red Cross work, the space for the displays was given free bv the Exhibition Authorities.

In 1903-4 over 6.000 calls were made at home and Regulations for the formation of the Royal Naval Sick Berth Reserve were received from the Admiralty.

In 1905 7.000 ambulance calls were made. In GlaSGOW alone, these numbered 4,396 with an average of 12.44 tum outs daily. DurinG that yea r the Central British Red Cross Committee placed its resignation in the hands of the Secretary of State for War, and its place was taken by an unofficial bodv, the Brit; h Red Cross Societ y, an Imperial Organisation of His Maiesty the King wa Patron , and Her Majesty the Queen was President, and by means of which

Gommand representatives of St. Andrew's Ambulance Association and the Scottish Branch of the British Red Cro'Ss Society and it was agreed that the Association should provide a Motor Ambulance Convoy for the South Highland Area with a full-time paid personnel of 46 and 150 voluntary members.

In addition to routine inter-hospital work the convoy took part in military exercises and rendered invaluable service during the Clydebank and Greenock blitzes in 1941.

MR. DANIEL STRACHAN , General Secretary of St. A ndr ew's Ambulance Asso ciation, on duty at Hampden Park , Glasgow.

it was hoped to co-ordinate all voluntary help to . the demand for First-Aid Ciasses, the Railway the sick and wounded in war, supplemental to Sections opened their classes to the public and the Army Medical Service, and by preparation 5,496 A.R.P. certificates were awarded. during peace, to avoid waste of money, con- In 1940, with the "Blackout" in force the fusion, overlapping and delay, and consequent Association found it necessary to augment its suffering in supplying assistance to the troops. service.

It was intended that the organisation should The Scottish Education Department arranged embrace the whole British Empire, and the St. with the Association for Secondary School pupils Andrew's Ambulance Association agreed to to have instructions during their final term in undertake the work for Scotland. First-Aid, Home Nursing and Hygiene.

Tremendous jnterest in Ambulance work was The Civil Nursing Reserve had 1,202 members created and competition was keen for the various of the Ambulance Corps serving throughout cups and shields which were presented for First Scotland and the Association War Emergency Aid, Stretcher Drill, etc.:-The Glasgow Cor- Ambulance Transport Service was actively enporation Transport Ambulance Shield, The Presi- gaged. dent's Cup, The N.B. Railway Ambulance Chal- During the air-raids the services were brought lenge Cup, The Cowan Cup, The Scottish Co- into operation and following the raids, when operative Ambulance Cup, The Highland Rail- hospitals were evacuated to make room for way Directors' Ambulance Challenge Cup and casualties, over 700 patients were transported. many others.

Rest rooms for H.M. Forces were established

At the Empire Exhibition in 1938 the Am- at main Railway Stations and during the year bulance Corps were in constant attendance with 36,097 members passed through them. a permanent staff and ambula nce station in the The Blood Transfusion Service, established in grounds. During the Coronation visit when the 1939, was provided with accommodation at North Exhibition foundation stone was laid by the King, Street- and the Association arranged free transover 400 voluntary members were on duty port for donors to and from Hospitals. throughout the route. ' The Mobile Unit of the Service vi siting the

At the launch of the "Queen Elizabeth," 430 main towns in Scotland and a Blood Bank was members were on duty. housed at Headquarters.

In 1939, 53,583 calls were made, by a total of Following the evacuation of British troops 93 ambulances. 274 classes were formed for in- from Dunkirk, a meeting was held between the struction in Air-raid Precautions and because of Department of Health for Scotland, Scottish 22

THE FOUNDATION STONE of the present Headquarters in North Street, GlasRow, was laid by H.R.H. Prince George in 1928.

LT.-C9L. ARTHUR GORING. Assistant Commissioner-in-Chi e f, with Mrs. Cox, Divisional of the 145 (Waltham Cross and Eastern Enfield) Nursing Dil 'ision. , pres en t ing the Paul Henley" cup for the "Best Cadet" of the Year. This Division formed in January 1965 now has 84 n.ew recruits.

MRS. D. E. FANSHAW, County Staff Officer (Cadets) (N), admiring the trophy won by the Shrivenham Division at a sports meeting.

Wiltshire Newspapers

SIXTEEN-YEAR-OLD Miss Jennifer Brown, member of the Clapham Common Nursing Cadet Di vision since 1960, is presented with her Grand Prior Badge by Area Staff Offi cer (Cadets) (N) Miss D. E. B arker. Jennifer hopes to take up nursing as her career.

Methodist R ecorder

PICTURE SHOWS: (l-r):

Cadet L. Mcllmoyle, Cadet

Leader D. Forsyther, Cadet

Sgt. P. Wells, Cadet Cpl. S Ri cha rds on of the Strathearn Nursing, Cadet Divisi on, winners of the Adventure Cup for 1965

OPPORTUNITY I{NOCI{S

AN APPEAL BY DEPUTY COMMISSIONER

MAJOR W. H. WALKER, DUKE OF LANCASTER'S DISTRICT

When I joined the Brigade over 25 years ago recruitme nt was not the problem that it is today. We were 120 strong, with a healthy yo ung Cadet Division. Many changes have taken place during the past quarter of a century. The strength diminished to a very low ebb, the Division lost their headquar ters but never at any time did the remaining members lose their enthusiasm for the work

The present Superintendent was, in those early days, my Divisional Officer and he is still supported, I am glad to say, by a few of the old members. A change has taken place in the Division, however, during the past two or three years. They are attracting new members. This rejuvenation has taken place because they decided to take a more active interest in the Cadet Division. They have now come to realise that the strength of their Division today, and in the future, lies in the Cadets who will be the future members of the Adult Division. A very successful competition team consists of one old stager and three ex-cadets.

Held Back

I know this story can be repeated throughout the County, but I am sorry to say there are many Divisions both ambulance and nursing, who have yet to recognise the wonderful potential existing in the young people of the Cadet Divisions who are ripe for promotion to the Adult Division.

Why is this so? I think some blame may be attached to Superintendents who hold Cadets back from promotion. They build up a little group around themselves with no room for those outside a Division. They are afraid of losing members so they will not encourage them to accept promotion, thus weakening the framework of the Brigade.

From the attitude of some officers, both Adult and Cadet, one could readily believe that the Cadet movement was separate from the Brigade instead of being an integral and vital part of it.

When we are leading Cadets we must give them the larger vision of a grand future in the Brigade, be big enough to see that the Cadet Division IS not the end, but a stepping stone which will lead them to fuller service. The Cadet movement has something which other youth organisations lack-the continuous service from eleven years of age until retirement at sixty-five, when age, and not lack of enthusiasm, causes them to retire.

What can we do about it? I have asked the District Staff Officers (Cadets) to let me have a census of all boys and girls who are 15 years of 25

age and over this year, and who have not yet taken their Adult First Aid Certificate.

From the first -return I have received I find in one Area alone there are 75 bo ys, and in another Area 65 girls of this age who are waiting for instruction classes to be arranged for them. What an opportunity!

I understand that many Superintendents of Adult Divisions believe it is the responsibility of a Cadet Superintendent to arrange classes for the Adult Certificate. It is a joint responsibility. It must be remembered that Cadet Officers have had the responsibility of training these young people over the past few years, not an easy task, in preparation for their ultimate goal: the Adult Division. Is it too much then to expect of the senior officers some co-operation in assisting to arrange class.es of instruction leading to the Adult Certificate so that when the boys and girls are sixteen they may be promoted to the Adult Division? There is another responsibility on the shoulders of the Superintendent of the Adult Division: the Adult Division should be prepared to accept these youngsters; I use the word 'prepared' advisedly because Adult Divisions must make preparations to receive young adolescents because it is not always easy for young people to fit in to the adult way of life. Too often the older ones are inclined to gang together, probably unknowingly, and the younger ones feel they are left out.

Fresh Outlook

How can we get over this difficulty? Having made some forthright criticisms may I now offer a Suggestion how your Division might be prepared to accept and help their future colleagues? When organising the instructional class why not arranO'e for the doctor to give the lectures on alternative weeks. and then accept the Cadets into the Adult Division on the other week for their practical work supervised by the adult members. In this way they will get to know one another. The adult members will find fresh outlet for their knowledO'e, if they are efficient they will earn the respect of the youngsters, even hero worship-a characteristic of adolescence which can have tremendous possibilities .

There is a wealth of splendid young material and how this is developed denends largely on those who have the job of leading. This is a far larger task than teaching First Aid or Home on paoe 28)

·PUTTING THEIR I{NOWLEDGE TO THE TEST

SUNSHINE CADETS

Sunderland Echo

CADETS DEREK ATKINSON and Patricia Honour care for a cat to make sure that it is given the correct food.

SCANNING A MAP to find the riRht way to go during a map reading exercise are

(I-r): Linda Smith, Sgt. Elizabeth Taylor, Colin Little and Colin Gemski.

Sunderland Echo

Sund e rland Echo

TWO CADETS to prepare a Sunday dinner.

MEMBERS of the Littlehampton Cadet Di v ision set off with a group of handicapped people from the St. Bridget's Cheshire Home at East Preston.

E v ening Argus

(See page 16)

CAMBRIDGE POLICE, winners of the Albert Morley Memorial Trophy Competition, organis ed by the Cambrid ge Gas Works Ambulance Division.

Cambridge Indepe nd e nt Press

PLYMOUTH. St. G eo rge' s road Ambulanc e Cad e t

Di vision g rin as Di vi sional Supt. L. Pratt is made up by Di v isional Offi ce r K. Ea cott for the minstr e l s how which the c adets put on to f unds f or an outing

We s te rn Eve nin g Herald

OPPORTUNITY KNOCKS Continued from page 25

Nursing, and of maintaining some degree of discipline. It means understanding the young lives in your care, and helping them through theproblems and difficulties of this tricky time of entry into adult life so that they will become the splendid men and women they can be.

I have seen them revitalise one Division and if you have not experienced this transformation

28

give the youngsters their chance.

Opportunity is knocking-it is up to you to answer the call. My appeal to you is: face up to the task in a big way and make it your resolve that these young folk will not be allowed to stray from the movement. Help them to grow up into clean-minded, healthy adults who will be worthy of the highest traditions of St. John.

THE ROLE OF THE CINEMA IN HEAItTH EDUCATION

HE MOVING film was invented more than 60 years ago, first being used to make records of the movements of animals. In its beginnings it served the purposes of research and exposition and only later was its dramatic potential realized; this aspect totally swamped all others in the public's mind until the 1930's, when in Britain the great work of Percy Smith and Mary Field at Gaumont British laid the foundations of a real educational film industry. At the same time the work of John Grierson began to bear fruit; a sparkling group of young men including Paul Rotha, Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey made films about our social environment. T heir work came into its proud own during the war in a remarkable flowering of the documentary film movement. Today we all accept, nay, take for granted, the role of cine-film as a means of instruction, enlightenment, and social revelation as well as entertainment. It is a wholesome, valued instrument of communication III a highly articulate society.

1. TEACHING BY FILM

D URING the war film was widely used in the a rmed services in this country and the U.S.A. to instruct, inspire, entertain, distract, persuade, and by the Ministry of Information, to inform, ex hort and indeed inspire, the civilian population. After the war, the immense urgency to fi ght over, many educators and persuaders paused to consider what role, if any, film could play in the learning process. Serious studies were undertaken in a number of places, but most notably, successfully and thoroughly at Pennsylvania State College (now Pennsylvania State University) where Dr. C. R. Carpenter and a team of investigators conducted carefully controlled researches into the design, effect and use of information films. This study, which lasted for eight years, financed by the armed forces of the U.S.A., yielded important information for both users and makers and its findings constitute the basis of a good deal that is said in this paper about certain types of informational films for health education.

In some respects one can dra w analogies between books and films. Each represents a large class of documents with a variety of subgroups of great communicative potential. If any of you 29

Mrs.

were to be asked "How do you use books, or how should books be designed?" your answer would be "what sort of books, a text book, a story book, belle iettres, scientific monograph?" Similarly with films. Some are research reports, some merely describe phenomena, some are expository and others persuasive. Each has its own discipline, its own immanent aesthetic form and its peculiar impact.

In that it offers opportunity for directed observation of movement cine-film is unique (except in so far as it shares this property with television). This is the distinguishing feature of film and its source of communicative power; it can exclude all irrelevant matters from the field of view and for purposes of study or for dramatic reasons, it can direct the observer's attention to significant movement and can foUow that movement in close-up, in expanded or contracted time, in colour or in black and white. On the sound track the significance of the action can be enhanced, underlined or interpreted ' for purposes of description, exposition or dramatic tension.

This power to direct the attention of the observer can be applied to the field of human activity and can be used to teach facts or to elicit responses where the emotions are ' engaged Both these aspects of use are important in health education, and you may find it profitable to examine in more detail the way in which film can serve a variety of educational ends. Each major purpose imposes its own format upon the medium, . which in turn provides the aesthetic discipline needed to shape the statement, be it in miniature or writ large, into that elegant work of art which we all hope that our films will be. Films can be used to teach, to stimulate the in1agination and to modify attitudes (that , is persuade people to pursue a certain line of conduct e.g. to immunize their children against poliomyelitis or to buy a certain washing powder). That films can teach we all know from our personal experience, and how they can be designed to do this mo t effecti vely we have learned from research studies , such as those of Carpenter and others at Pennsylvania State College, May and others at Yale University. But what kinds of things films can teach well in the field of health education is our problem today.

HELEN COPPIN, B.Sc.

Films can teach manipulative skills by showing the action in great detail at a slowed down pace and can be used with very large audiences. Examples spring readily to mind-how to brush yout teeth, how to bath a baby, how to apply a splint, how to signal when cycling. The demonstration can be carried out by a skilled performer, can be "put in the can", used many times in any place that is practical and at any time that is convenient. In most cases the film is more effective if shot over the shoulder, to give a subjective view of the action and is best remembered if .seen several times, interspersed with practice Rather surprisingly, it has been found that showing common errors followed by correct performance is an advantage. If the film develops slowly with appropriate pauses, concurrent participation in the performance of a skill can aid learning.

Films can transmit facts and principles, to get the best out of this marvellous and expensive medium they have to be designed for a particular audience, whose educational and intellectual level is known, whose interests can be catered for. In addition the film must be so presented that the audience knows why it is being shown. Prefenibly the film itself should make its purpose clear, but if this is not the case, whoever puts on the film should certainly make it so. Of course, films are designed for and shown to non-captive audiences, that is, people who can walk out or simply not come to the programme. In this case it must gain their attention, and there are many cinematic devices for doing so. But it is easy for a producer to go wrong by introducing too many attention gaining devices, which are irrelevant to the central purpose . These interfere with learning. For the rest, the research findings, which tell us how such informational films should be designed, give support to general principles of good teaching. There should be a clear structure, the main ideas should be emphasized and repeated, and the rate of development should be appropriate to the particular audience for which the film is intended. An example of a well constructed film planned for adolescents with a shrewd idea of their values, interests beliefs and is Nothing to Eat but Food. Where simplification of complex material is needed, brief cartoon sequences, in themselves amusing and worthy of attention, are used and the rest invokes the personal involvement of the young people. It is intended to teach and to influence.

2. IMAGINATIVE POTENTIAL OF FILM

MANY examples of such films exist and are continuously ;n use. It would be of interest to devote some time to a detailed analysis of some of them. But it is equally interesting to examine

30

the way in 'which films can stimulate the imagination and to find out why this effect is important from the point of view of the health educator.

In an earlier section of this paper. attention was dra wn to the property of film to direct attention to significant movement, a qUality that can be enhanced by means of sound. To some extent this is dependent on the action of the cine camera itself, but to some extent also on the fact that film can be edited. This makes it possible to use the cine him tor dramatic ettect so that real lite experiences are seen in sharper the visual imagery evokes mood and e4cIts responses of a concentrated quality charactenstlc only of those moments when we live in depth. Editing, camera angle, light and sound can be used to build up dramatic tension and heighten our perceptions so that we achieve a more and poignant observation of life. We can gam new insights into relationships between people, ·or between them, their environment and the of their lives. We can imagine more richly than we did before:

There are two ways in whlch this imaginative potential of film can serve us. In the first place, heightened perception can, through empathy, lead to a deeper understanding of other people's problems. An example of such a tilm .is [hursday's Children which, in the course of Its 20 minutes, takes us into the first two classes of very young children at the Royal Scho?l for the Deaf in Margate. We see the teacher patlently and lovingly at work with the children, and we see their gay, yet deeply serious efforts to learn the meaning of words. It is difficult to conceive of any other medium, through which the problems of deafness could be more effectively depicted than in this film, which shows the children's changing faces and through its silences helps us to imagine what it is like to see and not to hear. The audience emerges from this experience with a new understanding which it is not possible to measure, but which can permanently influence their behaviour towards those who are deaf.

In recent years, films have been used to enlist our culturally engrained Christian ideas of love and charity in the cause of the mentally ill. We saw the Hurt Mind series on television, now available as four separate 16 mm. films, and before that we had Out of True in a different mode, more akin to a short story than a documentary. Through empathy these films seek to gain our understanding of another human being in the hope that we shall inwardly say "but for the grace of God there go I" and inwardly pray that in such adversity we could show equal courage.

Insight into the human condition can be selfdirected too. By living vicariously through

Continued on page 35

A TEAM representing the Cheshire Constabulary Cheadle Hulme Di vision, doing a three bearer /tft on. a. cas ualty at the Mid-Cheshire Open First Aid CompetItIOn.

MEMBERS OF the Andover ursing Cadet Di vision after their partiCipation in the Annual Youth Walk (Andover. to Newbury 17+ mil es). Di visional NurSing Cadets, Mrs. Wicks, fourth from l ef t, was the fll'st lady home.

A NURSING of the 90 Epsom Nursing Di vision demonstrating to a youthfuL m e mber of the public how to save a life.

Croydon Times

SUPERINTENDENT AND MEMBERS OF THE HODDESDON

COMBINED AMBULANCE AND NURSING DIVISION TELL

WHY WE JOINED THE BRIGADE

When I was a small boy in the north of England I was in t4e Cubs. One night we were very excited, a gentleman from the St. John Ambulance Brigade was coming along to our meeting to teach us the basic art of bandaging a casualty. One of our fellow Cubs was the patient and we learnt to do all sorts of bandaging so that when we had finished him he looked like an Egyptian Mummy. We were very with our work and put the poor lad on a stretcher to take him down the street to show his mum our good work : This of course was the worst thing we could ha ve done, she promptly fainted away and we had not been shown how to deal with this situation s,o that this resulted in a pack of very frightened Cubs and one fainted Mum. After this I vowed that I would learn what to do in an emergency. Unfortunately, The St. John Ambulance Brigade Division nearest to us was many miles away so this prevented me from joining but when we moved south to Hoddesdon I thought now is the chance, so I became a Member of the Hoddesdon Pivision. I have now been in the Brigade for 28 years, have seen many accidents during this time and I have also been privileged to attend the Wedding of our Queen, the Funeral of King George IV, the Coronation, together with a lot of very moving specJacles . We also have our funny moments, like the time a lady asked me for elastoplast because she had sat right on a nail-needless to say she would not let me dress it, and the time when one of my lads was hit over the head with an old lady's handbag 'for daring to touch my knees young man.' She had fallen over and badly grazed them. When I look back over the years I get a very deep feeling of satisfaction that I have done my best in the service of mankind.

Divisional Superintendent R. A. Mann

' * * * * *

Looking back on it I would say it was purely persuasion. My husband had been in the St. John Ambulance Brigade for many years and we lived on quite a big housing estate. Naturally people came to him with their cuts, bruises, fractures and a large variety of things which required First

last, as I was caUed upon more and more, my husband persuaded me to go along one night and meet the other Members. Of course I soon learned the correct wa y of dealing with accidents and decided to join Hoddesdon Division This I have never regretted, for now I have the knowl ed ge to go about an accident with confidence, I know the correct way to deal with it. I no lon ger dread the kn ock on the door and can go to bed at night with peace of mind knowing that in a small way I am helping other people.

Mrs. A. P. Mann, Nursing M ember

When I was a small boy I had an. uncle who was in the St. John Ambulance Brigade in London and at weekends I stayed with him, so gaining my first introduction to tlle St. John Ambulance Brigade and First Aid He taught me the basic methods of dealing with injured peopl e and sho wed me ho w to appl y band a ges. I grew up and the war came. I never forgot my First Aid lessons which helped me quite a bit when I had to do my share in the Forces. 1 made new friends with my little piece of knowledge After the war I ca me back to ' Civy Street' and at the company where I worked my knowledge of First Aid again came in handy. My fame spread throughout the factory and people came to me with minor cuts and bruises This went on for eight years until 1962, when the Government asked every company with 50 ·men or over t o h a ve a fully qualified First Aider. I wa s appro a ched by the management and decided to take a course of lectures, brush up my knowled ge and gain a certificate. This I did and when I had my certificate the members of Hoddesdon Bri gade asked if I would like to go out with them at weekends and see them carry out their duties. I enjoyed this so much that I decided to become one of them. I must say that this has given me a new meaning to life, the comradeship of the men and the help I am able to give other people make life so much more worthwhile.-W. R Jago, Divisional Treasurer.

Aid. When he was at work each day I dreaded Why did I join the St. John Ambulance Brithe knock at the door and yet I wanted so much gade? I am not sure that I really know. I decided to help. I did the best of course that I could for that during the long winter evenings I ought to the casualty but often used to lie awake at night have an outside interest-a hobby- which should wondering: Did I tie the bandage too tight; is the be of some benefit eitper to me or to people in wound still bleeding; did I diagnose correctly. At general. I looked around me and thought I would 32

come to the course of lectures that I had seen advertised by the St. John Ambulance Brigade, in this way I would gain a knowledge of First Aid and also have an evening out once a week meeting people. I attended the course of Jectures and the members of the St. John at Hoddesdon seemed to be a cheerful gang of chaps always ready to help or give advice if I was unsure. After the lectures had finished I was invited by members to 'come any time' so from time to time I found

myself drifting in and had a cheery evening. Very shortly I was invited out with them to see how they peclormed their duties and this gave me a lot to think about. Finally I decided that as First Aid had become a really absorbing hobby I would join the ranks and become a member. I still consider St. John as a hobby but it is also a very good feeling to have the knowledge and confidence to deal with an accident at any time. W . Knotts, Ambulance Member.

SISTER H. ELLlOTT, of Hundens Hospital, Darling(on, with Divisional Superintendent Miss E. F. Grant, c h atlillg with a group of young award winners.

N nil of Eng l and Newspaper

A HANDBOOI{ FOR MEDICAL SECRETARIES

During the past ten or years the position of medical secretary has into a highly specialised profession , but , unfortunatel y, the supply of technical literature called for by this rapid development has not kept pace with the demand. This omission has been recognised by Mrs. Geraldine Grant, a writer w.ell-qualified to supply the deficiency, and she has certainly performed an invaluable service, not only to medical secretaries, but also to the entire medical and hospital services. There js , however, another large group of students, the members of which will find in it a most valuable addition to their libraries, although it is possible that Mrs. Grant may not have realised this at the time. These are the large numbers of members of the voluntary ambulance and nursing services, who will find man y their problems solved by reference to this work.

I wonder if the author realised that she was making a valuable contribution to the solution of the youth employment problem. How many of our young students who are now leaving school. or have already left school, have given a thought to this interesting prof.ession as a career. When it is realised that a general practitioner may have as many as 3,500 patients on his books, his gigantic responsibility and his dire need of technical assistance is nbt difficult to imagine. True, there are many who would gladly apply for the position, but do they possess the required qualifications? These form a curious comb.ination, for the ideal medical secretary must possess a knowledge · of 34

elementary nursing and book-keeping. Although the doctor would prefer a trained nurse who had pa sse d her third State examination and was, in addition, a qualified , experienced book-keeper , such a person would be like a gift from Heaven. It would, however , be possible for many of our voluntary nurses to fill this role in a most satisfactory manner. A glance through chapter 2 of "A Handbook for Medical Secretaries" provides a clear idea of her duties, for it contains the itinerary for a typical day in the life of a medical secretary, and the following chapter expands upon these duties in more detail.

The essentials of book-keeping which would be required for this class of work are dealt with in a clear, ·straightforward manner. Points of law with which the secretary should be acquainted are dealt with concisely, and a valuable list of abbreviations for medical terms, which it had not previously been necessary for the voluntary nurse to learn, conclude the last chapter of a most useful, practical handbook I strongly recommend "A Handbook for Medical Secretaries" by Geraldine D. Grant, to the more ambitious members of our nursing divisions, and especially to those starting out in life and seeking a most interesting career associated with medicine. The book is published by Faber and Faber, and is priced at 13s. 6d.money well spent. Many a general practitioner will have good reason to thank Mrs. Grant for years to come.

F. C. R.

A THE ROLE OF THE CINEMA IN HEALTH EDUCATION

Continued from page 30

another's story seen on the screen, we can sometimes identify our own problems, externalize them through discussion and thus grope our way towards their solution. This technique has been used in group psychotherapy through the agency of a series of films made in Canada under the general heading Mental Mechanisms The four titles are The Feeding of Rejection., The Feeling of Hostility, Overdependency, Feelings of ion. They were made for the Mental Health Division of the Department of National Health and Welfare by the National Film Board of Canada. This is a particularly hopeful approach in facing up to the issues of adolescence. Both the teenagers and their parents or teachers have problems which call for imaginative understanding. The great taboo ubjects can be openly discus ed through an oblique approach and what everybody over the age of 21 need most, is empathy when regarding the actions and feelings. the gaucherie, the dynamism and intolerances of the teenager. Such films are not easy to make; could we but harnes the creative talents of the great film directors of our time to erve the young we should truly be engaged upon education for a healthy society.

In th i context it i important to note that, for 010 t audiences, the message must be made explicit before it can be grasped. It has been found that when a group makes the message explicit for itself by talking it out, penetration i, at it maximum. The theme of the film hould be to sed about by the members of the group under the guidance of a leader, who is able to steer the discussion in such a way that the message i by the gro up and thus accepted as Its own.

3. ATTITUDE CHANGING

!N TTS work on human relations probJems in mdustry the Industrial Welfare Society has evolved a technique for stimulating the discussion of those sensitive issues most frequently covered over with ostrich-like ineffectiveness. The material consists of a filmstrip with an accompanymg tape recording, which describes the stages of development of some industrial deadlock and ends with the question "What would y?u do?" Through the flow of the story, the VIewers identify with one or the other of the p:otagonists, develop empathy and then in chscussion make explicit the problems, u s ually their own, that lie at the root of the tension that led to the impasse. The Central Council for Health Education adopted this idea of a talkie35

strip and over the past eleven years have produced a series of problem stories on a variety of issues that members of health-seekin g communities ought to discuss.

In part, the previous paragraph is concerned with changing people's attitudes through imaginative understanding of their own or others' feelings. Besides changing attitudes, we often wish to persuade people to adopt new habits. Persuasion through the visual media is familiar to us, through television advertising and here we have some less ons to learn, since much of preventive medicine and positive health education is concerned with persuading people to act in certain ways that we consider desirable for their own health. All those short films about safe driving, polio vaccination, etc., are in this class. Their appeal may be to our vanity, our dreams of glory, our love of our children, to any of the emotional drives that govern our lives and are not susceptible of rational discourse.

Research studies indicate that an attitudechanging film is more effective when it forms part of a campaign or is one of a series because the repeated messages reinforce one another, wher eas a single isolated message often has little impact. To the audience the film must seem to be authentic. A true-to-life documentary treatment is often more credible than an acted film however valid its message, and the protagonist, or commentator should be someone held in high esteem by the people to be persuaded. For sophistica ted audiences who are likely to encounter opposing viewpoints it is well worth discussing both sides of an issue and for this reason alone it is important to find out the exjsting attitudes and beliefs of the people it is hoped to influence. For example, at the present time, it would be really valuable to find out what adolescents feel and believe about the effects of cigarette smoking on health before embarking on an anti-smoking campaign. If the arguments presented can be so framed that they are in line with basic ideas already held by the audience, a film will claim attention and appear to be relevant to their personal goa ls .

4. FILM SOURCES

IF YOU have accepted the arguments so far, that films can teach, have great power to stimulate the imagination, and can in certain circumstances modify people's behaviour by changing their attitudes. you must logically ask where films may be obtained, how one may choose from the many that exist and how one shou ld then use them.

There are in Great Britain about 600 libraries of 16 mm. films. only a few of which have material of immediate relevance to the work of Health Education. One of the largest and the

most regularly used is the Central Film Library, whose section on Health , Hygiene and Medicine Part I contains 105 titles all adequately described in the catalogue. Quoting figures given me by A. A. Vesselo, head of the distribution division of the Central Office of Information, in the 1963-64 period there were 7,948 bookings from this section. This would indicate an audience of about 600,000 people served by this one library only Mr. Vesselo goes on to say "User organizations are in the great majority of cases of a distinctly purposeful type -local health authorities, schools, and so forth The nature of the · films, the fact that a fee has to be paid for them and close collaboration with the Ministry of Health all help to produce this result."

There are of course other libraries carrying films of interest to health educators such as Rank Film Library whose sections on Hygiene and Public Health (12 films) and Human Anatomy and Physiology (30 films) have proved very useful to generations of secondary school teachers. All these fall into the class discussed first, concerned with teaching factual information. More recently produced are the films in the Unilever Film Library available without charge, on Oral Hygiene (6) and Elementary Physiology (4). and five others on food and cleanliness. This makes a total of some 60 films, in addition to ] 00 or so in the Central Film Library, and there are many others in such collections as those of the British Medical Association, Smith Kline and French Laboratories, the British Film Institute and local authority libraries. They are not all equally usefuL nor all up to date, and not all well known . It would seem that a thoroughgoing information service, widely available throughout the country, would be valuable. In 1953 the Scientific Film Association in collaboration with the University of London Institute of Education, published an annotated catalogue of films on health education which did provide a guide to users. But publication is out of print, has never been revised. and evidently ought to be resuscitated so that all workers in the field could have ready access to up-to-date information about films of value in health education at all levels.

In Mr. Vesselo s remarks the use of the word indicates one of the guidelines for choosmg Wisely. A good slogan is "Choose for purJ?ose, people. and place." An example may clanfy Suppose the object is to open up a dIScussIon about sexual behaviour with J 6-year-olds at an evening session in a youth club. Probably The Yellow Teddy Bears will suit mv purpose with these young people in their informal meeting place. But if the object were to explain menstrual cycle to 12-year-old girls in the bIOlogy laboratory, Growing Girls or Biography before birth might be used.

36

By defining one's purpose, knowing the audience and the situation where they are to be found, choice is narrowed, and the instrument of communication is refined. The sharper the definition of purpose and the more precise the knowledge of the people the more refined the tool can become. Indeed the first duty of a film maker is to determine as closely as possible these three things, and then to find out a great deal about the people with whom he is to communi-cate.

Not often in the past have these stringent requirements for effective communication been met, with the result that health educator are now beginning to make their own films which will more closely serve their purposes. The Central Council for Health Education now runs an annual film-making school to help satisfy the new demand for skill in film-making At the same time, it is doing pioneer work in developin g a new style of short film. Designed as a tellin g, highly topical document, it is inexpensive and is to be regarded as

Because the rapidly changing fashion of dre s . physical and mental attitudes and vocabular y effectively date all visual soci a l document. thi s concept that films should be expendable i particularly welcome today. Film s a ge mor e rapidly than they did before the advent of te1evision with its up-to-the minute reportin g, and since , in the eyes of the youn g, everythin g th a t is old fashioned is invalid and to be disre garded, it is all the more important to remake our films pretty often.

5. CONCLUSION

THERE are other intere stin g de velopment s in the field of film making , both technical and psychological. It is claimed that the improvement in quality of 8 mm. cine film will revolutionize amateur film-making and certainl y the advent of the 8 mm cassette-loaded loop film projector has alread y affected the way in which films are used in teaching. The inventivenes s of technologists and the ima gi nation of teacherpsychologi"sts, the creativity of film-makers mu st surely lead us towards more effective wa ys of communicating and make the knowled ge we already have about the promotion of health more readily accessible to the man in the street. Tn film we have a marvellously vivid mean s of communication which can teach people , stimulate them and persuade them All we need now is to encourage its intelli.gent use by stenpin g up the outnut of expendable films , facilitating: di stribution and display and making it easy for user s to know about and get hold of, or to make the films they want for their work in the field of health education.

APPENDIX

Film References

N o thing t o e at but f oo d. sd c o l o ur 18 mins. Unil ever

Film Library (Free loan) . Thursday's Childr e n sd b & w 20 min s. Ron Harris

Film Library (Hire).

Th e Hurt Mind S e ri e s. sd. b & w. C entral Film Librar y (Hire).

1. Put away 46 min s (OK.lS41).

2. Breakdown 29 min s (UK.lS42 )

3. Psychologic a l Treatment 30 min s ( OK.lS4 3)

4. Physical Treatment 33 mins. (U K.lS44 ).

Out o f Tru e. sd. b & w. 41 min s. C entr a l Film Library (Hire).

M e ntal M e chanism s S e ri e s. s d . b & w. C en t r a l Film Library (Hire ).

1. The Feeling of Rejecti o n 2 3 min s. ( C.2 64 )

2. The Feeling o f H os tilit y 32 min s. (C. 2 6 S).

3. O v erdependency 3 1 min s (C.266)

4. Feeling of Depre s io n. 32 min s (C. 2 67 ).

C r o lVin g Cirl s sd b & w. 13 min S o und Se rv ice Film Library

Bi og r aph y b e f o re b i rth sd : b & v\'. J 8 min s. R a nk Film

Libr a r y (Hi re ) (2 0 ' 4738)

S o m e so ur c e s o f 16 mm film s f o r H e alth Edll ca ti on.

Central Film Lib r ary, Gov ernment Building , Br o m ya rd

A venue , L o nd o n W 3.

R a nk Film Lib ra ry , 1 Ain tr ee R o a d , P e ri va lc , M idd x.

B. M .A. Libr ary B . M .A. H o use Tav is tock Sq u a re ,

L o ndon , W.c.1.

So und S erv i ce Film Libr a r y , Wil to n Cr e scen t ,

Lo ndon , S W 19.

U nilever Film Lib rary U nil eve r H o u e Bl ackf ri a rs,

L o ndon , E. CA

C O P YR I G H T O F T H E R O Y A L SO C I ET Y OF H EA LT H

(E x cer p t fr OIll t h e pa p e r s r ea d b efore th e H eal h C on g r ess

90 Bu ck in g h am P al a c e R o ad , L

VISUAL AIDS

USI,NG PROJECTORS

Readers of Visual Aids publication " Films", and users of other Visual Aids publications , will be aware that we have previousl y advised members of the existence of a very u seful book issued by the National Coal Board entitled " Film and Film Strip Projection in Training" which was obtainable from the National Coal Board at the price of 2/ 6d.

This book has now been superseded by a new publication cailed "Using Projectors " which is available fr om the Film Secti on , N ati onal C oal B o ard, 26/ 2 8 D or set Square, L ond on , .W.I, at the price of 3/ 6d . p os t free

Apart from straight-forward information concerning Film and Film Strip Projection, the book contains welcome sections on back, overhead and cassette proje ction , and also the drum film loop absorber technique The book also contains helpful advice on fault location and include s a useful bibliograph y. This is one of the most valuable handbooks produced in this field and price range a nd it is stron gl y re co mmended to a ll concerned with the use of film and film strip in training.

RECRUITING ON SURE FOUNDATIONS

By MISS Z. D. DRUITT, Training Officer for Wales

"God 'of concrete, God of steel, God of piston and of wheel, God of pylon, God of steam, God of girder and of beam, God of atom, God of mine, All the world of power is Thine.

Lord of cable, Lord of rail, Lord of motorway and mail, Lord of rocket, Lord of flight, Lord ,of soaring satellite, Lord of lightning's livid line, All the world of speed is Thine ."

These were the first two verses of a modern' hymn, which was part of the Sunday morning service at the Pier Pavilion, Colwyn Bay for Officers and Members of the North Wales Training Course, Priory for Wales. The Service was conducted by the Rev. P. Clive Southerton, B.A.; the choir were members of the Colwyn Bay "Youth " Council of Churches accompanied by "The Abstracts", a Beat Group, who had travelled from Dolgelley in the early hours in order to play vol untaril y at this Service.

The main theme for the Conference was Recruiting, and the service had the effect of pulling most of us up sharp in our thinking. Here were some fifty very modern young people, some of the boys wearing long hair and jeans, who were doing a real piece of service by giving up their Sunday morning to help the Brigade.

"The time has come", said the Rev. Southerton, "when we try and reach out to people and present the Christian message through a medium that isn't dreary. We must become people who aren't stuffy, but "with it". Everything in our service, the prayers, readings must be full of meaning. Our teaching methods (now done through the sermon) will have to be changed in order ,not to be boring and "awful", but thought-provoking. _ Above all, we must not have long faces in our services, we must be full of jo y, because we have ' so much to be joyful about. Although all these changes must take place, we must have something solid upon which to base them. We have our foundation in the Commandments- "Thou shalt love the Lord Thy God with all thy heart and mind and strength and thy neighbour as thyself" -the Lord's Prayer and the Creed We will now sing the Creed in a new medium to the tune of "I Believe":

I believe in God our Father, mighty Lord, who made all things I believe in Jesus Christ His only Son and King of Kings

I believe He came like us to live and die and rose again and that is why I believe I believe I believe that He's our Saviour and our Friend and that He cares, I believe that He's the pattern for our life and and hears our prayers, I believe by Spirit led He makes us one, to Him we cry, on Him rely; and this is why I believe.

"The times are changing", said Mr. Southerton. "Down the ages" the Order of St. John has had to make changes to combat the many changes of circumstances.

From the days of its foundations when it fought against Islam.

To the times when it became a shelter for the Crusaders.

To the time it was forced to the Island off Rhodes.

To the time when a fleet of ships was introduced.

To the time when it developed in E ngland.

To the time when it had to put its resources to develop overseas.

To to-day with the new approach to the apathy of so many people.

Every situation has produced people able to rise to the changes needed to see that the work of the Order goes on. The situation facing both the Church and the Order to-day are the same- and together we must change and overcome them. It is no good reflecting on past glory. Our Crusade is still in existence. Are we ready to accept that ? The times are changing- are we ready to keep abreast of the times, or will we be lost ?

I could write much about both our North and South Wales Training Courses - how privileged we were to have Rear Admiral R. S. Wellby with us in the North; and the Brigade Secretary, Mr. G. W. Woodhill and the Press Relations Officer Mrs. H. Richards, in the South; about the Discu ssion Groups and the Dance, but I would rather leave with you the thought of the final prayer of that Service:-

"0 God , help us to recognise our neighbour when we see him, whether he be in the Ivory Coast, in New York, or in the street where we live . 38 May we be ready to serve him even at the expense of our comfort, our ambition or our reputatIOn. Help us to get involv:ed in the Name of Jesus Christ our Lord, Who became involved for our sakes. Amen."

M R C. BARRETT Assis t ant D ep u ty -Co mm iss i o n e r , Cumber land and W es tm orland, trie s a lit fo r co mjo rt, th e ca r which was offe r ed as a pri- e il1 a co mp e titi o n (0 boost fu n ds in th e co ulltry and \Vas accompanied by Mr Barr e fl t o man y of th e Sports all d Ag ri c llltllral Shows in fir e fWO CO llnti e ( B e l ow): Co l C. M. Kinm o nt, O.B.E ., Co ullty CO II/mi ssio ll e r jar Cll mb e rland alld W es tm o rland i s see n pr ese nting th e ca r to th e wi nn e r , Mr l. 1 Atw e ll of 3 Walld :,fi e l d Dril Je, K e ndal. Cumbe rl and Evening Star

YOU TOO elN DO lO T

The Grimsb y First Aid Team have now managed to win the National Trophy a few indeed the y have been included among the finalists nine times (that is ever y year since the inception except one) and the y have given a good account of themselves As one who ' is closel y connected with the team and ex tremely proud of it a nd of each member of it , this makes me ver y h a pp y, of course.

The Editor wrote in the first issue of this mag azine There was not a lot of surprise when Grimsby were found to be the winners of th e S=up I have no doubt this was true , for by the time the winners were announced, ever yone had seen t he competitions. But I wish to chall enge the vie w I ha ve heard ex pressed , that the y will alwa ys b e the winners. In the interest s of F ir st Aid through-out Dockland , it is essential that the y should be firml y challenged year after year. A nd it ca n be done.

Ma y I suggestl how this challeng e can be achiev ed. Having watched th e tea m for some years now, I can give to other First the reason for their success It is no secret. It IS merel y the a pplication of man y well-kn ow n a nd well tried principles.

First you gather together fi ve qu a h fi ed Fust Aiders, including 0r:e who the knowledge and is prepared to gam the ex penen ce as a L ea der , Once appointed , there must be no doubt or quarrel with his leadersh ip. He must be the type of man who is prepared to discus s all points up by the team at all tim es , but m comp etltIOn conditions his word must be obe yed. The L e ader ma y act a s coach for the team , although it much better if the services of a coach from outsIde the team can be obtained. The Leader is then constantl y free to train with the team , taking hi s proper place as No.1.

Secondl y, the team constantl y and continuousl y under the super vision of the No.1 or coach , keep their knowledge of the Manual at top level. This is apsolutel y es sential. Althou gh members of the Grimsb y team k!=lOW every sectlOn and almo st every word of the ' Book ' almost. off by each week the y study a fresh sectlOn once agam and in subsequent weeks answer questions on that section . The team believes that the memory can be faulty and so every five or si x weeks they cover the whole of the Manual once throu gh and start again

Seven steps to victory in the National Competiare here outlined by a close supporter of the champions. Follow these points, he urges.

Thirdl y, each member of the te a m be able to ca rry out the practical side of Flrst AId , from observation right through to the tr a nsport to the ambulance by himself and to the same hi gh degree as each other member. In thi s standard, he is subject not onl y to the cntl clsm of the coa ch a nd No.1 , but also of hi s fellow te a m member s . They too in their turn will be criti cised . A lesson to be lea rned - and it is not alw ays easy , - is th a t this t ype of criti cism is a lwa ys const ru ctive and desi gned to one end , the im prov em e nt of the team a nd ea ch member 's st a ndard

Fourthl y, the team must lea rn to ac t as s uch under the le a dership of the No.1. Ea ch me mb e r will ha ve hi s a llotted t as k , th e m essage -sen de r , the member who sec ures inf o r ma tion f rom th e byst a nd ers ; each membe r will kno w th e drill .if there is more th a n on e cas ua lty, eac h m em b er WI ll know his place a t the str e tch e r for t r a n spo r t (in every t ype of situation). At the sam e ti me eac h will be so trained th a t h e is ad apt abl e t o a n y other member 's t a sk so tha t eve r yt hin g is co v-' ered. And a ll the tim e th ey ac t, not as individu a ls. but as a co-ordinated efficient tea m pe rf o rmin g a 1l th a t is n ecessa r y with t he m inim um of fu ss a nd noi se a nd the m ax imu m of effic iency, remembe rin g that the casualt y is a hu ma n b ei ng in a low state a nd trea tin g him as s uch .

F ifthl y, ev e r y memb er of t h e tea m mu s t b e prepared to g ive up time-a t leas t h o ur s each week in the ea rl y st ages of tr a mm g, a nd four in th e la ter st ages. H e mu s t b e pre pa red to come str a ight from overtime wor kin g to tr a inin g if ne cessa ry. He mu st m ake tim e to sec ur e regul a r training. Ha rd work ? Of co u rse. It IS ex tremel y hard wor k, m a de eve n m o re when trainin g comes on t o p of a d ay's h a rd ph yS lcal work. But this is th e pri ce of suc cess in a n y field

Si x thly then the te a m mu st e nt e r comp e tition s - say can find an y th a t are s uita.bl e. Th ey mu st not mind lo sin g. It h as been sa ld th a t no man is a good hor seman until he h as f a ll e n off si x times. And so with the First A id t ea m, T hey must be prepared to lose a nd as soon as p oss ible get hold of the marking shee t a nd find out wh y they lost. Mr. Geor ge Craft , the National Comp etition Officer of the St. John Ambulance AS SOCiati o n h as said ' It' s the mark s yo u d on ' t get whi ch are 'important , not tho se which you gain '. E a ch markin g sheet is filled with points for a tt e nded to

gains ma r ks. All the points a re simple a n d wi thin the scope of every First Aider, b ut t here are a num b er of them to b e remem b ered . The team should read the m a r king sheet, n ot e t h e marks lost, pra ctice so they d o n't lo se the same marks again. ' A gain it may b e hard work, b ut the effort is well worth it- not o nly t o win competitions but to save lives, for this is the main ob ject of all First Aid.

Obituaries

L T.-COL. NORMAN HAMMER

The sudden death of Dr. Hammer came as a great shock to the District and Brigade in general. Dr. Hammer joined the Brigade nearly 40 years ago and became a very active medical officer and at one time was District Surgeon . He resigned fr om the Brigade to take up an appointment in So uth Africa where he remained for many years. H e also served in the R.A,M.C., and saw service in both Wars. On his to England he reenlisted in the Brigade and became Area Surgeon in the Central Area. This appointment brought hi m into contact with all Divisions in the Area, b ut he seemed to have a particular liking for the H olborn Division, and became a great friend of th e Division , and frequently spoke in praise of our work . Apart from carrying out the Divisional reex aminations, he also examined several of the ca ndidates in our First Aid Classes. He always h ad a cheery word for candidates and gave them va luable advice

The Division , and the Brigade, will greatly miss hi s valued help. May he rest in peace from his la bours.

Miss I. P. PAGE

Miss Irene P . Page, who died at her home at Wellingborough on New Year's Day , was one of th e founder members of the present Wellingb orough Headquarters Nursing Division and only a few days previously had attended a dinner to celebrate the Division's sixtieth anniversary. After serving for some time in the division Miss Page went to Sheffield to take up professional nursing an d later went to Newcastle. She returned to Wellin ,gborough , upon the death of her father, to lo ok after her mother and re;oined the Division a nd was appointed Nursing Officer and then Divisi onal Supt.

As a V.A .D. Miss Page served at the Wellingb orough War Hospital during the 1914-18 war 41

Finally, each member of the team as a whole must have the tenacity t o go o n training in the face of difficulties, and must have the will to win in the end. This is what has bro ught the Grirns b y team to the top. And, as the reader can see, their method is one that can b e used by any First Aider. There is no real secret, there is only determination, application, and hard work over a long period. You too can do it. R eprint ed by court esy of "Firs t Aid on the Docks".

as a sister. Even when she ceased to be an active member of the Brigade, Miss Page maintained her interest and did a great deal of nursing and weI· fare work, particularly for elderly people. Her services were recognised by her admission as a Serving Sister of the Order. Cremation at Kettering was attended by members of the division and many friends.

Miss ELIZABETH SCURLOCK

It is with very great regret we record the death, on 15th January, of Miss Elizabeth Scurlock , M,B.E., Officer of the Order and County Staff Officer, Durham County. She joined the Brigade in ] 915 and served as a V.A.D . in France during the First World War. In the Second World War she was appointed Commandant F.A.P. in Jarrow and near the end of the war she volunteered for service in Germany and was one of the first to enter Belsen She held the Service Medal and six Bars.

WILLIAM HENRY HYDE

It is with deep regret that we record the sudden death on December 14th, 1965, of Mr. William Henry Hyde of the City of Rochester Division. Harry , as we all knew him, joined the Division in 1921 after serving in the First World War with the Royal West Kent Regiment and spent four years in various parts of India. In 1924 he was promoted to Corporal , to Sergeant in 1926. Promoted to Ambulance Officer in 1933 and to Divisional Suoerintendent in 1937. that time. through his endeavours he was responsible for the Division operating its first Ambulance. During World War 2, he was responsible in seeing that the First Aid posts were fully manned and worked with the full co-operation of the Civil Defence Authorities.

For his valuable services to the Brigade he was admitted to the Most Venerable Order as a Serving Brother in 1947. He held the Brigade Service Medal and 2 Bars.

He retired from Divisional Superintendent in 1929, and became a Vice-President of the Nursing Division, a post he held until the time of his death.

He was also most respected in the City as a Master Printer and with all his friends and associates we mourn his passing.

LETTERS

PRIDE IN THE BRIGADE

The first of these letters was published in The Gloucester Citizen. the secorid in the Liverpool Echo. I think the fact that two of our members have felt strongly enough to write to the Press about the sense of fulfilment which they gain from their work in the Brigade speaks volumes: . -Editor.

A SATISFIED TEENAGER

Sir.-Regarding "dissatisfied teenagers"; I am 19 and am in St. John's Ambulance. I started in the cadets when I was 11 and when I waS 15 I went into the adult section.

I enjoy being a member. We get some very interesting duties to perform around the city.

I think instead of some teenagers injuring other people they might try to help people who are injured in accidents.

I spend two nights a week just trying to do this. So to dissatisfied teenagers I say: If you look around there are things to do for yourselves and other people.

Gloucester. Satisfied Teenager.

ASHAMED

After going to the Empire to see the Rolling Stones, my friends and I feel ashamed of our sex. The hysteria and shouting was bad enough, but when some of the girls tried to climb on to the stage, the language they used to the theatre staff and St. John Ambulance Brigade officers and men was really disgusting.

We are still teenagets; as such we wish to offer our very sincere thanks to the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

After seeing the Beatles, and many other groups, we note that always there are St. John men and women to take care of sick and injured people. After Sunday night we would not blame them for refusing to do duty for nothing. . Brenda CuIshaw The Braddocks, Liverpool 5.

S.O.S.

Pictures of the earliest Brigade units and details of the uniforms worn are urgently needed. Please reply as soon as possible to the Press Office. 110, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I.

Solution to Crossword No. 26. Across: 1, Medicate; 5, Apices; 10, Digital pressure ; 11, Rest.oLe; 12, Radiant; 13, Civet-cat; 15, Atom; 18, Ring; 19, Lacrimal; 22, Lifts up; 25, Batiste; 26, Plastic surgeons; 27, Exeunt; 28, Serrated.

Down: 1, Mode.r.n.; 2, Digestion; 3, Cut nose; 4, Tulle; 6, Posed; 7, Crura; 8, Ste.atom.a; 9, Pruritic; 14, Cold pack; 16, Transport; 17, Prolapse; 20, Integer; 21, Sensed; 23, Flame; 24, Satin; 25, Brute 42

REVIEW CROSSWORD No. 27

Compiled by Jl'. A. Potter

ACROSS

4 Phalanx most likely to be crushed in doors , etc.

9. Disease due to infection of wound by bacillus commonly present in soil.

10. Radioactive ones are used in modem diagnosis and treatment of disease.

11. Fracture producing dinner-fork deformity at wrist.

12. Nimble in body

14. Penicillin , for example, given by mouth

18. Scrubs out vitamin deficiency disease

20. A nest for the buttocks.

21. Mods need nothing for emotional states

22 His training in first aid is often called upon in street accidents.

23. Go down in the kitchen.

24. Lancashire girls lose their head for stupid fellows!

29. Call us to repair fracture .

31. Nothing comes between peer and little sister for abnormal forward curvature of spine

32. Run back and sing in healing profession.

33. Lens used two ways to test visual acuity. DOWN

1. Nothing asked for here.

2. Important piece of theatre equipment.

3. Synovial sac reducing friction where tissues move over each other.

5. Canvas support giving relief to fifty.

6. Silent as in beginning pneumonia.

7. Men try hoop for operation on kidney.

8 Languid feeling of unemployed surgeon?

11. They move the arms and assist respiration.

13. Arise in ludicrous costume?

15 Part of C.N.S. required on the roads today?

16. Having excessive deposits of fat

17. Because this is enjoyed too often.

19. Soothing ointment.

25. Coins used for shoot of a plant.

26. Abrasion for which one would take little credit in overturned bus.

27. Dilation of blood vessels of face , occurring in fevers.

28. Painful infection round hair follicle.

30. Bone with its head at the lower end.

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

Advertisements with remittance should be sent to The A dvertisement Dept , The St. John Review, 10 G rosvenor Crescent, London, S W.1 (to which address re plies to Box Numbers should be forwarded). Rate 9d. pe r word, minimum lOs. Box numbers 2/6 extra. Trade ad vertisements 1/- per word, minimum 15/.

FOR SALE

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GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES

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LETTER OF COMMENDATION

The Commissioner-in-Chief has sent a Letter of Commendation to Ambulance Member Godbold of the Chelmsford Ambulance Division in recognition of his prompt action in controlling bleeding from a severed jugular vein sustained by a seriously injured passenger involved in a car crash. He controlled the haemQrrhage by applying direct digital pressure to the wound for fifteen minutes until the ambulance arrived. His action undoubtedly prevented the casualty's condition deteriorating and probably saved his life. Mr. Godbold's action was brought to the notice of the Essex County Constabulary by the driver of the car in which the casualty was a passenger and was f·orwarded by the Chief Constable.

43

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THIS IS DIFFERENT

People overseas are no strangers to Hunger, Disease and Poverty. Death to them is never far away.

Widespread STARVATION IS DIFFERENT.

Throughout Southern Africa especially Bechuanaland the countryside has been in the grip of the longest and most severe drought in this century.

There has been almost total loss of the maize crop-staple diet of the people. Thirst and starvation have meant immense loss of livestock.

Tragic reports arrive daily. Many missions are unable to give even one protein meal weekly. Some areas report heavy child mortality from Gastro-enteritis.

Unless immediate, massive and practical aid is sent thousands will die this year and next year will see another famine.

Generous British Government aid is being rushed to the stricken countries.

Personal giving can also playa vital part.

Please show your compassion by sending your gifts Quickly, generously, lives are at stake.

60 YEARS OF ST. JOHN NURSING

A Story of Wellingborough Headquarters Nursing Division

The St. John Ambulance Brigade in Wellingborough has a proud record of service to the town and its people over many years but it is not fully realised that women also played a prominent part. Headquarters Nursing Division recently celebrated its sixtieth anniversary, its registration being dated 1905 but there is evidence that somewhere a number of years have been lost and it could well be that it has passed the 70 mark. .

A number of women qualified to render "First Aid to the Injured" at the original first aid class held in Wellingborough in 1889 from which the present Headquarters Ambulance Division was formed.

The records of the Congregational Church reveal that a number of classes in first aid and home nurging for women were held in the Cheese Lane Chapel Schoolroom in the following years when one of the objects expressed was the formatIOn of a nursing corps in the town. This appears, to some degree, to have been successful but official registration for some reason or other seems to have been overlooked or not thought necessary. Anyway Miss Mary Elizabeth Woolston was superintendent of. Wellingborough Nursmg DIVIsion to date with effect from November 26th, 1895. The certificate of this appointment was not issued until September 13th, 1900, so it seems clear that the division was in existence for that period, but what happened between then and 1905 is a matter for conjecture. Miss Woolston was the daughter of Mr. T. H. Woolston, one of the pioneers of the brigade in WeJJ.illgborough who afterwards Di strict Commissioner. Two doctors who figured In the early days were Dr. W. E. Audland who first mooted the formation of the Brigade in the town and Dr. W. 1. Watson who gave most of the lectures to the women, and their interest continued until the end of their lives. Dr. Audland's daughter also became keenly interested in the movement and served for many years.

Appalling Conditions

Some of the duties that were undertaken by these pioneer women would probably appall present day members. Accompanying women patients to hospital has remained a duty to the present day but it is not to be compared with the same task in those early days. Then it meant the best part of a day to go to Northampton General Hospital, either on the horse ambulance which mostly made its steady way or with the patient on a wheel litter and the 12

journey by train. Hospital facilities were not of the high standard of today and much nursing had to be done at home. These early members of the brigade were often ca lled on to sit up all night with seriously ill patients and this was undertaken as one of the things they had pledged themselves to do. There was little reward except for the gratitude of the patient or the much relieved relatives who very often were glad of a night's rest after several nights vigil at a bedside. A number of operations were also performed at home and here again the services of the nurses were sought to assist the doctor.

Perrot Shield Finals

The division owes its existence to the energy of Miss Annie Smith who mu t have fanned the dying embers into flame again and et the division on its feet on the way to the great service it has given. Miss Smith became Divisional Supt. and spared no effort to bring it to its high state of efficiency which reached its peak when a team from the division fought its way through to the final of the Perrott Shield competition. Upon her pr omotion to Corps Supt. Miss Smith was succeeded by Miss 1. P. Page who had been Nursing Officer. Miss Page was one of the origina I members of the division and recalled that she took her first aid examination a year or so before the present division officially came into existence, a,nd some of the things that went on then, although not able to remember the exact status of the people then. Miss Page was not a member of the division all this time as she went away to train in nursing but renewed her association when she returned to Welling borough. Miss Page gave up the command of the division when her health failed and she was succeeded by Mrs. O. Adams who had the task of bringing the division up to war potential at the beginning of the last war. Mrs. M. 1. Howford who had been the able divisional officer during this time took over during the war and has held the position ever since. She has served al together for over 42 years. Other officers who have served the division well have been Miss Dickson and Miss A. Bland who was also the divisional secretary. The present divisional officer is Mrs. White who has also rendered yeoman service. When the War Office asked for women to enrol as auxiliaries to the medical forces of the Crown there was an immediate response from members of Headquarters Nursing Division, and when the war broke out in 1914 they were ready to fulfil their

obligations. Miss Smith and Miss Page played a large part in the establishment of the Wellingborough War Hospital, in the messroom of Wellingb.orough Gas Works; and the other members of the division formed a greater part of the staff They continued to run the hospital until it was closed some time after the war ended. The last war also saw members V.A.D.'s as these auxiliaries became known, and still are to the present day. Members who remained behind became personnel of the first aid parties and manned first aid posts in the town. During the enemy air attacks on the town they upheld the traditions of the brigade of being ready for any emergency . Two members of the division who took up duties at the Wellingborough War Hospital became the hospital cooks and served as such for practically the whole time the hospital was open. Miss C. Allen and Miss M. Gibbard worked from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. at this task! Service was all that mattered in those days, personal considerations had no place. Miss Audland was another who played a great part in the work there and, now living in Westmorland, is probably the last survivor of that wonderful band of workers . Miss Page has only recently passed to higher service. It would be impossible to record the amount of time the members of Wellingborough Headquarters Nursing Division have given to be of service to their fellow townspeople, but it can truly he said that they have played their part in carrying out the work of the Brigade. The number of members who have qualified for the Service Medal for fifteen years service is not available but there have been many, and more have been rewarded for further services by being appointed Serving Sisters. Miss Smith was probably the first woman in Wellingborough to be so honoured and Miss Page, Mrs. Adams and Mrs. Howford received imilar recognition for their part. Mr White and Mi s N. Wright of the present members have had their work recognised too by such appointment.

A Great Response

When the cadet movement was introduced into the Brigade, Headquarters Nursing Division found its hands full with the number of girls who wanted to help in its work. So great was the response that two cadet divisions had to be formed and they Headquarters No.1 and NO.2. For a long tIme they flourished but eventually they had to be merged into one as difficulties arose in replacing officers, an unfortunate problem with many youth orga?isations today. The division, however, still contmues to keep on with its work and provide members for the senior division and nurses for service. Like many other adult divisions, Headquarters Nursing Division relIes mostly on the faithful few to carryon its work and these could do with assistance from many more people. 13

There have been changes in many respects since the division has been running. In the first place members were known as Nursing Sisters and then because of confusion with professional nursing staffs they became Ambulance Sisters. Now they are Nursing Members. Uniforms, too, have undergone many alterations. For a great number of years the voluminous skirts and bonnets that were made familiar by pictures of Florence Nightingale were the fashion, but today the women who carry on the proud traditions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade wear a more serviceable outfit and in keeping with modern ideas of dres s

EXILE VISITS TOWN HE LEFT 57 YEARS AGO

Fifty-seven years ago a young man named William Herbert Pinnock dug up his roots in Irthlingborough and set sail with his wife for a new life in Canada.

He didn't have much, but what he did have he gave to the Canadian people. These were the ideals of the st. John Ambulance Brigade which he helped found in London , Ontario , Canada in 1909.

Mr. Pinnock , who was 88 years old last January , has now returned to this country for the first time since he emigrated in 1908 He is living with his sister -in-law , Mrs. Edith Pinnock , 53 , High Street , Bigham Ferrers.

The founding of the st. John Ambulance movement in Canada by Mr. Pinnock and Mr. William Loveday , formerly of Rushden, makes historical reading.

Mr. Pinnock explained that he attended the Pilgrim Church s men s class in London , Ontario , shortly after settling there and a question he put in the suggestion box read: " Would a st. John Ambulance Division be any use in Canada 7"

The idea was seized upon by the church members and soon spread throughout London. Initially there were 12 members all Englishmen , but from this hard core of immigrants sprang the national movement, Mr. Pinnock was made the first Superintendent of this first Division ofthe Canadian S.J.A.B.

Mr. Pinnock's record of public service in Canada is remarkable . He has been a county constable, welfare officer and building inspector , has taught first aid to the police force and fire service, and is a past president and life member of the Canadian Legion.

A climax to Mr. Pinnock s career was when he wa invited to meet the Queen during her state visit to Canada.

All this might not have been possible for at the age of eight , Mr. Pinnock wa blind , and it was only after he had been told to have his eye bathed in whisky, that he was able to see after four days of treatment.

Harrow News & Mail Ltd.

LORD WAKEHURST , Lord Prior of the Order of St. John opens the New Headquarters of the Barrow Corps St John Ambulance Brigade. Left to right: District Staff Officer J. E. Helme, Area Supt. (N) Miss M. Rogers, Corps Supt. J. A. Puckey, Lord Cozens-Hardy and Lord Wakehurst. (See also page 27)

THE COMMISSIONER-IN-CHIEF addresses members of St. John Ambulance Brigade at the Town Hall, King's Lynn during a recent tour of the County of Norfolk. Left to right: Lady Cook, County President, NursinR Divisions, Lady Moyra Browne, O.B.E., S.E.N., Deputy Superintendent -in-Chief, Mr. G. S. Gentle, Mayor of Lynn, Major J. A. P. Baggs, Area President No.5 Area (King's Lynn) The Commissioner-in-Chief, Mrs. G. S. Gentle, Mayoress, Lieut-Colonel Sir Thomas Cook, J.P., County Commissioner, Mrs. W. E. H. Bull, Divisional President.

NORTR RIDING INSPECTION

REAR-ADMIRAL R. S. WELLBY, Deputy Commissioner-in-Chief, asks Cadet John Fleming about his ha v ersack.

2600 NORTH-EAST RAILWAY'S STAFF PASS FIRST-AID ' EXAMINATIONS '

Since the Railways' Ambulance Movement was formed 70 years ago, 133,892 members of the North-Eastern railway staff have qualified for first-aid awards.

In announcing this, the North Eastern Regional Ambulance Secretary at York (Mf. M. Athey) in his annual report for the year ended Jl1ne 30th, 1965, pays tribute to doctors, instructors, and local secretaries whose efforts have enabled classes and competitions to be carried out so successfully, and 15

to the enthusiasm of the staff who have attended lectures in their spare time.

The report reveals that 160 first-aid classes were held at stations, works, depots, and offices in the orth-Eastern Region , and 2,605 members-2,325 railway staff 280 others-were successful in examinations.

Classes were organised in all districts, Newcastle leading the way with 38 , followed by York (30), Darlington (25), Leeds (23), Hull (21), Middlesbrough (13), and Bradford (10).

PICTURE SHOWS THE inspecting Officers during the review of the St. John Ambulance Brigade North Riding of Yorkshire at Mulgrave Castle recently. Left to right: County President Lady Serena James, Rear-Admiral R. S. Well by, Marquis of Normanby, The Lady Moyra Browne.

Trindale's of Whitby

Trindale s of Whitby

PUBLIC FIGURES AND THE PRESS PHOTOGRAPHER

Published by Courtesy of the Editor of the Daily Telegraph and Mr. JOHN ROOKE

Sir, I was sorry to see by the letter from Mr. R. Gresham Cooke, M.P. (Oct. 21st), that he has had cause to complain over the allegedly obtrusive behaviour of some Press photographers at public functions, particularly as from my own experience over a great number of occasions some years ago I knew Mr. Gresham Cooke to be one who can always be relied upon to meet courtesy with - courtesy in such circumstances.

He is too old a hand at the public affairs game to be una ware of the proper functions of Press photographers, so I can only conclude that in the even greater prominence he enjoys these days he has had some recent unhappy experience, either -as participant or spectator.

No one, of course, defends bad behaviour, and there is certainly no' room for it in public functions. But students of human nature will be surprised to know that usually the greatest personages are the most helpful to photographers-and enjoy the best co-operation from them in return, to the great and mutual benefit of all concerned. '

At many a big occasion, stiff with ceremony, a quick muttered "Good morning-what do yml want m e to do?" in an aside from some great personage wise in the ways of public affairs has resulted in photographic coverage so swift, adequate and unobtrusive that it is hardly seen by those not immediately concerned. The photographers, having secured what tbey have been put there to get, are usually only too pleased to get out of the way and get their pictures back to where _ they are urgently needed.

Mr. A. T . Pike's rather petulant and unconvincing "hope that some authoritative Press spokesman will correct him "over his estimate of the proportion of pictures used (Oct. 29th) is a red herring that is unlikely to be followed. To begin

with, our free Press is not governed by "authoritative spokesmen,'" but if he will accept the word of one who, qhlite independently, has succeeded in earning some sort of living in this very, very competitive business, I can assure him that unless the proportion of pictu'res used and paid for represented a satisfactory return on the not inconsiderable resources employed, changes would be made very quickly.

What he probably overlooks is that many of the photographers who occasionally block his view are commissioned to be there by the very people they are photographing, or their representatives. The thick skin with which Press photographers seem to be endowed in the popular imagination is frequently needed when some officious personage brushes them aside with an apologetic and scandalised hiss about " these damned photographers, " when he himself has probably invited them, or even commissioned them, to be there.

The feigned annoyance of this type of person is surpassed only by his real annoyance if he finds on sending for the various editions of the newspapers, that the "damned photographers" have not given him what he considers to be proper coverage.

I am afraid public figures on public occasions must accept the burden of public notice, just as on other occasions they court it when it suits them. The same, perhaps to a lesser degree, goes for the public audiences at such functions.

It is a situation which can be handled only by co-operative goodwill on both sides, as in fact it is probably far more often than some of your correspondents think '

Yours faithfully, JOHN ROOKE (Managing Director) , Verity Press (London) Ltd., London, W.C.2

NOTE.-This sort of attitude in St. John too may well account for lack of full coverage and resultant recruiting problem.-H. R.

·DEVON TRAINING WEEK-END

A Training Week-end for some sixty officers and members of Nun;ing and Cadet Divisions in Devon was held in Exmouth last year. The principal guest speakers were Dame Barbara Cozpns, tbe Chief Nursing Officer, Miss M. Harrison, Assistant Brigade Secretary and Miss E. M. Bruce-Steer, County Superintendent (N) from S@merset.

A very full and varied pro gramme had been arr8:nged by . the County Superintendent (N)

ACCIDENTAL HYPOTHERMIA

Q.-Recommended treatment of collapse from exposure to cold in mountaineers or seamen includes immersion in a hot bath. This seems at variance with the service for infant or elderly victims of accidental hypothermia , which is that they should be well covered and left to return slowly to normal temperature. What is the reason for the difference in the treatment of these two types of case?

A. - Part of the treatment currently advised for elderly and infant victims of accidental hypothermia is to avoid active rewarming and to allow the temperature to rise slowly by keeping the patient covered in a room with an ambient temperature of 70 ° to 80 ° F.(2l.1 ° to 26.7 ° C.), following progress with frequent rectal temperature readings. A rise of 1 ° F. per hour is recommended. Duguid et a[l obtained uniformly bad results with 100 % mortality until they substituted the slow method for that of active r ewarming, after which 7 out of 17 patients survived Even so the death rate remains high , and further controlled trials on methods of treatment a re awaited.

The argument against active rewarming is that the intensive peripheral vasoconstriction seen in cases of hypothermia is a protective mechanism intended to conserve the blood supply to and the heat of vital organs. Active rewarming leads to vasodilatation , the ri sk of a further heat loss or "after drop ," besides a fall in the temperature of internal organs . Some of these- for example, the heart and pancreas-are especially vulnerable. Death is usually from circulatory failure , and multip le small infarcations of heart muscle and of other tissues are sometimes seen. Further , Adolph 2 found that wa rming of skin inhibits endogenous heat production .

Y oung adult mountaineers and seamen are more res istant to cold to start with and thus tolerate a gr eater fall of deep body temperature when they become casualties. The wann-up , therefore , must be as rapid as possible to produce the greater rise in body temperature required to return to normal. In spite of the risk of "after drop " due to increased circulation through cold peripheral tissue , the

increased circulation with the body immersed in water maintained at 44 ° C. (111.2 ° F.) is the most efficient way of raising deep body temperature quickly. Acute heart failure or irregular rhythm may result if rewarming is too slow. 3 Cases of heart failure may be kept alive if closed chest cardiac massage and exhaled air resuscitation are given during the rewarming.

l

JOINT FIRST-AID MANU AL

2nd Edition 1965 A ccidental Hypothermia

p. 140 Management

(1) Place the patient between blankets and allow the body temperature to recover gradually.

(2) If conscious, give tepid to warm sweet drinks.

(3) Do not use heat, hot water bottles or electric blankets, etc.

(4) Sudden dilatation of the blood vessels will precipitate a surge of warm blood away from the deep tissues and so cause a fatal drop in the patient's blood pressure and. temperature.

p. 138 Exposure to inclement weather

(1) On site, protect the casualty from wind, rain or sleet.

(2) Wrap him in dry clothing; put him in a sleeping bag.

(3) Give warm sweet drinks , e.g., condensed milk, if available.

In severe cases

(1) Send for help-get the patient to base and medical aid as quickly as possible and keep him insulated from cold during the carrying. At the base

(1) Rapid rewarming in a bath at 107 °-113 ° F. (42 °-45 ° C.)-or the hottest water in which an immersed elbow can be kept All cases of prolonged exposures, whether or not there are associated injuries , should be considered as serious and in need of urgent medical aid.

16 Mrs. L. 1. Townsend. It included a showing of the Lord Prior's film on the Order of St. John , the advanced first-aid film strip on Emergency Childbirth and a number of el.cellent talks. The members were given a special welcome at the Sunday morning service by the Vicar of Holy Trinity Church , Exmouth, nearby.

Northa·nts Deputy Commissioner Retires

The week-end was unanimously voted a great success and it is hoped to arrange similar week-ends regularly every other year in future.

W. E. Lock who retired as Deputy ComllllSSlOner for Northants , Peterborough and Hunts , when he gave up practice at Desborough, Northants last year, received a presentation from the area in of his 38 years' association with the Bngade from Capt. J. S. P arker- an inscribed silver salver - and a cheque. He congratu1ated the 17

doctor on his long service and work for the Brigade and wished him many years of happy retirement. Dr. Lock said the money would enable him to f ulfil an ambition . He had always wanted a rocking chair and now as he rocked himself he would recall many happy years in the Brigade

MEMBERS' wives and friends who attended the Golden Jubilee dinner of the Robin Hood Division county of Nottingham.

MEMBERS of the Kidlington Di vision combin e with members of Fire Service in an exe rcise " Crash " to test the readiness of both services.

INCIDENT AT BRAMPTON RAILWAY SIDINGS

Date: September 18th, 1965 Time: 2.30 p.m.

Place: Brampton Railway Sidings, Newcastle, Staffs

The day started overcast and cold. Everyone concerned sincerely hoped the weather would not repeat itself, as over the past few days-wet and dismal.

At 11 a.m. activity began at the Civil Defence headquarters , also the headquarters of the Newcastle Combined Division. This was the place into which some 60 people entered , all healthy and cheerful, and from where, some three hours later , they were escorted to awaiting transport , still cheerful, but covered with lacerations fractures amputations, etc. Their journey would ' take scene of a accident at the Brampton SIdmgs. At the sIdmgs, Mr. Ron Freeman , Ci vil Defence Officer and Divisional Superintendent J. Durham would place them in convenient and perhaps places - under the bogies, inside and outsIde the train and even on top of the goods wagons, loaded with scrap metal.

Meanwhile, at the local T.A. Barracks, divisional surgeons, ambulance-men , nurses , cadets and C.D. staff waited for the signal that would call them to the scene, knowing what to expect-when or where. The aIr was filled with apprehension.

N.C.O.s made last-minute checks on transport and equipment. Rescue staff checked and double checked their own, very specialised equipmentropes, ladders, slings - all may be needed. Back now to the sidings. Everyone was in position and awaiting action. The message had been sent out, 19

via the civil police. A few minutes later, the vehicles arrived a.nd out jumped the Brigade Staff, running to the cnes for help.

It was noted immediately that rescue parties were required and so the call went out to them to become mobile. It was good to see that although there was a 4-ft . climb into the train, none of the nurses hesitated in getting into the train to find patien t s everywhere. Outside other teams had f ound bodies , suffering great pain , with a variety of injuries. It was most unfortunate, ho wever , that no one had observed the warning notices indicating

AREA SUPERINTENDENT (A) W G. WILT in new roll of patient. The eye ha v ing b ee n t o rn out b y sharp metal in a railway wagon.

AOCIDENT PREVENTION IN THE GLASS INDUSTRY

by G. C. Ward

Training Development Officer, Glass Manufacturers' Federation

Introduction

AMBULANCE MEMBERS P. Daniels and T. Miles,

•h e patient has general head ,injury.

high voltage cables, and that one patient was in fact lying on a cable. But after all what is the purpose of an exercise-to correct errors that may have been fatal in a real emergency. The one patient that had cause for personal concern, was the man lying on top of the metal in a wagon: His injuries included an eye injury with the eye having been torn out by sharp metal. Following the treatment, he could not see what was going on around, but knew that he had to be lowered some 20 ft. to the ground and an ambulance. All patients having been rescued and treated on the spot, were sent to the Casualty Station (T.A. Barracks), for examination by doctors.

Two and a half hours later, all patients had passed through the C.S. and once more they could become cheerful-==-over refreshments. It was clearly seen that all the lads and lassies taking part had had a lesson that no classroom could hope to give, the treatment of mass patients under normal emergency conditions. The big question that was being asked, was "when to have another combined exercise."

A colour film, for slides, was made of the exercise, the prinle importance of which was to show any treatments or handling that was incorrect. This we hope will be of great assistance to both Civil Defence and ourselves.

Needless to say, without the co-operation of British Rail , Civil Defence and Police this exercise could not have taken place. To these service we offer our grateful thanks.

This report follows an "Inquest," when the site observers, Officers of other Divisions, gave their impressions on the treatment. In sUffilrung up , it was felt that the treatments had been very good with a few exceptions, these being purely technical and subject to discussion. Such combined exercises with the Civil Defence taking part, can be most helpful and instructive and other exercises are being planned for the future.

From: Divisional Superintendent 1. Durham , Newcastle Combined Division, Doudican House, 109 Whieldon Road, Fenton, Stoke-on- Trent.

More pictures on page 37

NATIONAL FIRST AID COMPETITIONS 1966

The following events have been arranged for the year 1966:

COMPETITION

Ministry of Aviation Ambulance Centre

Army Department Ambulance Centre

Young Farmers' Clubs

National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Association

To be arranged:

Gas Industry Fire Brigades Post Office Ambulance Centre Grand Prior's Trophy Events

6, Burlington Gardens, W.l

6, Burlington Gardens , W.l Royal Show Plymouth

June 16th

June 23rd July 8th October 2nd

"Fully automatic," "high technological content," "advanced mechanical handling equipment," "close tolerances of its products ," "non-stop production every hour of the year"; these ' are some of the standard phrases used to describe the 20th century glass industry. Even in those small but important sections using hand or semi-automatic methods for table-ware and for special products made in short runs, increasing use is being made of engineering equipment for handling and packing the products.

The glass industry is, in fact, made up of many industries using the basic material which is itself made to hundreds of different formulae, each giving specific properties required to meet ever-increasing uses.

Factories employing from 50 to 3,000 people are located throughout the United Kingdom. Raw materials are in many cases, mechanically mixed and fed into furnaces capable of melting 25 to 400 tons of glass per day and are then formed into flat glas high precision-made bottles and jars, lighting bulb and tubes, televi ion tubes heatre isting tableware and industrial equipment, vac uum fla ks scientific apparatus, and hundreds of other products including rocket equipment and specia l gJasse used in atomic energy plants.

In a nut hell , the manufacture of glass products involve many of the latest technological and engineeri ng factor to be found in modern industries together with the attendant accident hazards in all manu facturing and servicing processes. The ever -increa ing demand for engineers in the ind ust ry is a measure of its complex organisation.

THE FEDERATION AND SAFETY

The Federation is a member of the Safety, Health and Welfare Committee of the Confederation of British Industry (C.B.I.) and is actively concerned in all matters affecting people at work. An advisory safety committee was appointed in 1956 consisting of repre entatives of the variou ections of the glas indu try. It meets periodically to consider acci dent trend; recommend ways to reduce specific hazards ' consider draft legislation' and organise conferences and other activities to promote safety -consciousness throughout the industry. The Federation acts as a clearing house for the dissemination of safety information to and between members.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON ACCIDENTS

The majority of Federation members co-operate a basis in providing the Federation WIth copIes of Form 43 reporting accidents of more

21

than days duration. Until 1965 this formed the main source of recorded information under the headings: occupation; age groups; injury causes; and injuries caused by the material.

Since January 1965 members have been providing more detailed information which will reveal the man-hours worked and lost b y accidents involving one or more days absence from work, whereb y frequency rates and mean duration rates will provide more exact yar dsticks to measure progress.

TYPES OF ACCIDENTS

Because of the keen interest of members, accidents caused by moving machinery have been reduced considerably over -the last 10 ears, but , as with many other industries, there has been a rise in accidents involving mechanical handling equipment -especially fork-lift trucks. Accidents resUlting from the handling of glass are not of major significance in respect of actual time lost, although this cause, together with others , is continually under review.

The industry recognises the importance of reducing the risk of accidents by improved methods

NURSING MEMBERS Miss L. Lawton and Miss G. Ward with pati ent awaiting transport

SPECIAL PURPOSE wire mesh reinforced protectil e clothing for use in flat glass manufacture.

and layout but, at the same time, it provides up-to-date practical equipment and takes every possible step to encourage employees to make full use of the equipment supplied. In view of the hazards occurring in certain sections it has been necessar y to design special clothing which has made a dramatic contribution to injury reduction.

Man y glass furnaces are in full operation for 3-4 years and regular and emergency maintenance and repairs are carried OlJ.t "on the run " by bricklayers and engineers working in exceedingly high temperatures. This calls for . the provision of adequate c10thing to withstand the heat, and special safeguards for men working in confined places.

In common with other industries the "big five" predominate in respect of causes of accidents, largely due to the degree of handling in large-scale bulk production. Apart from hazards existing in the normal routine of factory life, additional hazards occur in certain sections of the industry when large furnaces are under repair. This is a combined p.ngineering and building project involving overhaul of machines and ancillary equipment in addition to the brickwork and structural work on the furnaces. The large number of fitters and bricklayers is enhanced by operatives who, acting as mates or labourers , are involved in unfamiliar work.

The combination of severe pressure to complete the repair (often lasting 6-8 weeks) and the employment of people unused to building hazards , requires extra vigilance by supervisors and safety officers. Dismantled equipment, new materials , overhauling and installing machinery in addition to furnace rebuilding all contribute to increased risks , and special attention must be paid to the use of protective clothing, safety shoes, safe means of access and, most important , good housekeeping.

PROMOTING SAFETY-CONSCIOUSNESS

As stated earlier, the industry is revising its sources of statistical information to enable members to compare their experiences with other industries, but the Safety, Health and Welfare Committee, through the Federation, believes that statistics are only one of many tools required in reducing accidents and has, therefore, always seen its task as one of education to prevent accidents.

Conferences and working parties which are exclusive to an industry provide an identity of interest by bringing together men sharing similar ' and able to "talk the same language" wIth the consequent ready understanding of the problems involved.

Conferences for- accident prevention officers and These aTe held once or twice a year, and subjects have included:

Accident reporting systems and works safety organisations; Safety training, works safety committees and pUblicity;

Eye protection and other protective equipment; 22

Mechanical handling equipment ; Correct lifting and handling methods-kinetics ; The Offices, Shops & Railway Premises Act 1963 ; Fire hazards and fire prevention.

Regional conferences for supervisors, union representatives and safety committee members. Following the lead given by the British Employers' Confederation (now C.B I.) , five regional conferences were arranged in 1963-65 in Yorkshire , Lancashire, the North-East Coast and Scotland. Attended by over 250 people , they aimed at emphasising the joint responsibilities of employers a nd employees Speakers have included Factory Inspectors , managers , and trade union officials . Discussion groups have highlighted the need for defined safety policies and accident prevention committees. Each conference revealed the real identity of interests , and subsequent inquiries have shown that collective meetings regenerate interest in the safety campaigns of individual companies. Several members have established safety committees following the conferences and the recommendation for a basic safety programme (see below).

Working parties. The concentrated efforts of small groups in undertaking specific projects have resulted in valuable guidance to all Federation members, and tribute should be paid to those who have given unsparingly of their time and experience. Activities have included:

(i) Accident statistics. The original and revised methods of reporting accidents were devised and recommended for introduction to the membership.

(ii) Basic safety programme for the glass industry.

It is recognised that the key to sound accident prevention is a clearly defined board _ policy activated by each level of management. Provided these principles are firmly established, then the ensuing safety committees, posters , propaganda, and other efforts, can prove a positive investment in terms of time and money.

A working party on behalf of the main committee prepared a 15-page booklet* based on the following points: (a) safety target, (b) management responsibilities, (c) safety organisation, and (d) positive action. This has been designed for use at all levels, and over 1,100 copies have been purchased and widely distributed by members, many of whom have used the publication in training junior supervisors. It is intended to provide supplements on specific problems.

CO-OPERATION WITH B.G.I.R.A.

An examination of statistics indicated a preponderance of accidents to sorters (inspectors) and packers, mainly caused by lifting and handling , and by falling objects, and an intense investigation into t he problem was organised with the co-operation of eight member firms and the British Glass Indus t r y Research Association. For a period of six m onth s, each company supplied the As sociation wi t h information concerning every accident which cau sed absence from the job for at least 30 minutes

Whilst this investigation did not reveal one major cause, it did provide valuable information on the multiple causes and circumstances which combine t o create accidents. This feature alone justified the considerable work involved, and removed the element of guesswork as to why accidents happen.

After carefully analysing the report , the Committee appointed a small group to visit member fi rms to investigate the working conditions of the areas involved, and it is hoped to publish a report which will relate the various features of the original report to specific recommendations concerning job la yout and good housekeeping.

FIRE HAZARDS AND FIRE PREVENTION

A working party has recently been appointed to investigate causes of fires in the industry and to make recommendations for their prevention . Members include representatives of the safety committee and fire prevention officers , the Fire Protection Association, insurance companies and the Factory inspectorate. The initiative has been welcomed by the insurance world which hopes that the lead will be followed by other industries

CO-OPERATION WITH A NATIONAL JOINT INDUSTRIAL COUNCIL

The N.J.I.C. for the glass container industry is actively interested in the Federation's work in accident prevention and receives copies of reports which are issued periodically to the Council of the Federation and to all members. The trade union interest is evidenced by the ready support given to conferences and by constructive suggestions for 23

inner and outer flasks through the tube, coat ing th e interior walls.

consideration by the safety committee.

Conclusion

The Federation believes that it has a valuable part to play in co-ordinating the experience and enthusiasm of its members in the vital work of accident preventi on from which guidance and a d vice is available to all concerned

The close relationship which exists between individual safety officers and others is one of the hidden assets arising from joint activities and acts a s a stimul a nt to their day-to-day activities in their own companies

The reduction in the number of accidents and the related increase in human happiness is the aim of all employed in the glass industry , and a constant d r ive is maintained through the introduction of safety-consciousness at every stage in training programmes , co-operation between supervisors and employees , and co-operative efforts between the members of the Federation.

SILVERING:

A NEW Association Centre

f o r th e area of North-East Hampshire is inaugurated.

L e ft to right: Mr. N. R. Turnbull, F.R.C.V.S., Chairman Basingst o k e C e ntre,

A ld e rman J o hn Drew, J.P , N -E. Hants Centre Presid e nt, Mr. L. D. Wilkinson, D.S C.,

A ssis tant Dir ec tor-General ,

M rs. J. S. Don e y, County

S ec re tary, Capt H. P.

H e nde rs on, C BE. D.S.O.,

Brig ad e County Com-

m iss i o n e r Hampshire, Chief

Supt. Cansfi e ld, Hampshire

C o nstabular y, Commander

E. A. Mo rri so n , Co unt y

Dir e c t o r Hampshire, Colon e l

H. N Co l e, O.BE., T.D.,

D .L., Ce ntr e C hairman, N. -E Hanl s.

PR ESID E T o f th e

Swa n s e a S t. J o h n C o u n cil Si r

Wi lli am J e n kins K.S t.J , J P

(lef t) a cc epts o n b e hal f of t he St J o hn A m b ul ance

Brig ad e a c h e q u e fo r £252

f r o m th e fo r m e r D e p u t

DR. E. H. LODGE

Recently some 170 members (all ranks) and representing all members of the Brigade of the Yorkshire West Riding District, assembled in the Lounge Hall, Parliament Street, Harrogate, to pay tribute to Dr. Edmund H. Lodge who has r esigned from the position of District Commissioner after holding the rank for 13 years and after having completed 39 years of Brigade Service.

The function took the form of a sit-down tea followed by presentations as under:

A Silver Statuette of a Knight of st. John.

A Philips Slide Projector and Case.

A pair of Easy Chairs.

A Portable Typewriter.

The affair was presided over by Sir William T aylor , Dr. Lodge ' s successor as District Commis sioner and the presentations were made by D r. J. Prentice , District Surgeon.

After a short speech by Sir William , who said ho w proud and happy he wa s to be associated wit h t he function , he called upon the Countess of Sca rborough , the Di s trict President. The Countess pai d tribute to Dr. Lodge and to the work he ha d done for the Brigade in Yorkshire with special refe rence to his help with the Presidents and the P re sident's Appeals Committee.

I n making the presentations , Dr. Prentice paid a special t ribute to Dr. Lodge for all the work he had d on e for the Brigade in the Yorkshire W R. D istr ict during his tenure of office a s Commissioner.

Dr. Prentice m a de special reference to the ver y

successful Bi-Annual Conferences which were now so popular, so well attended, so interes t ing and instructive The arrangements made b y Dr. Lodge in connection with the visit to York of the Chapter and the creation of eight areas as a gainst the original five and to the painstaking work carried out during the past two to three year s in an effort t o secure a new Central Permanent Headquart ers for the District.

As Dr. Lodge was actuall y receiving the presents from Dr. Prentice all pre sent rose to their feet and the hall rang with cheers and the singin g of " Fo r He s a Jolly Good Fellow. "

Dr. Lodge suitably replied despi t e the fa ct th a t he wa s suffering from a certain amount of emotional strain.

When the appeal for cont ributi ons t owards some tangible gift f o r Dr. Lodge ori gin a ted , th e amount of contributi on s f or adults wa s limit ed t o 2s. 6d. a head and for cadets t o I s . T h e a mo u nt so recei ved far exceeded t he ex pectations of t he org a nisers , a nd it ca n be sai d t h a t th er e wer e f ew members of the Br igade in th e Y or kshi re D istri ct who did not contribut e, despi t e h olid ays an d oth er commitmen ts . All A r ea s, Co rp s an d th e maj o rity of Division s were in a ttend an ce when th e presentations were a c tu ally ma de.

To enable Dr. Lodge to ha ve a lastin g r ecord of the proceedings and all speech es, et c ., a r eco rd on t a pe was made and the tape handed t o him a t t he close.

Wantage Ambulance and Nursing

Di v ision in co nnection w i th the effort f o r Bri g ade Recruiting Year.

AKE

HU R ST, Lord P rior of the Order of St. John, talks to cadets after the opening of the B ar row St. John Ambulance B rigade new H .Q.s. Barrow ews & 1lifail LId.

TEACHING FIRST AID

By F. C. Reeve, S.B.St.J., F.Z.S., F.R.E.S., F.I.C.A.P., Hon.F.I.C.D.

Before it is possible to discuss this subject at all it is necessary to clarify some of the problems presented in order to obtain a clear picture of the circumstances in which this great movement was born. To do so, three questions must be answered, but I propose to reverse the order in which the first two are usually placed.

(1) Why is first aid necessary? First aid is rendered necessary mainly by the fallibility of the human element, but sometimes -by natural phenomena which defy human explanation.

(2) What is first aid? First aid is the co-ordinated code of measures which have evolved as the result of experience and taken to counteract the disastrous effects which often follow as a result of the above causes. To these results has been given the comprehensive term "accidents."

(3) How should first aid be taught? The answers to the first two questions can create no diversity of opinion, and it is only in an attempt to answer the third that opinions may vary Perhaps this is all to the good, for it provides an opportunity of pooling ideas, based upon varied experiences , which should contribute to perfecting"as neq..rly as possible, the methods to be adopted.

IMPORTANT POINTS

After making a preliminary superficial survey of the new text-book I experienced certain reactions, which I am not disclosing here. As the days passed I was able to discuss the new work with others, many of whom were far better qualified than I , and I discovered quite a number of points which I had overlooked. At the same time, many admitted that I had introduced points which they had overlooked , and I began to appreciate the potential value of the _ exchanges in which I had taken part. After a few days I returned home to sit down and study the text -book more closely, with the notes which I had made during the discussions before me. A compariscm between my own original opinions and those with whom I had debated led me to modify several of my own original reactions , and I believe that some, at any rate of those with whom I had engaged in discussion, also did the same.

Every individual has a right to an opinion , but, unfortunately, it is inherent in human nature that each individual believes his opinion to be the right one, and that all those who differ from him are wrong. The one sentence which we all find most difficult to pronounce is "I have made a mistake," or, alternatively, "I am wrong." Whatever opinions you, gentle reader, and I may entertain upon any subject under the sun, be it politics, religion , 28

philosophy , what-have-you and including the teaching of first aid , we are, I hope, sincere in our beliefs. Moreover , not only are we sincere, but we would like everyone , whether they agree with us or not, at least to give us credit for our sincerity. Are we prepared to give others , although we may disagree with them, credit for their opinions?

If two, or more , persons disagree , ' then it is obvious that all cannot be right. In other words one , at least , of us must be wrong Is it possible that I may be the one who will eventually be the one to be proved wrong? Yet we cannot avoid the human element, and there is always the strong tendency to take the attitude: "I don ' t like the colour of your ball so I'm not going to play ."

THE NEW FIRST AID MANUAL

It is unfortunate if the new te xt-book ha s not met with universal appro val , but if the difference s Qf opinion are to pro ve profitable , then the only sensible course is to arrange for all points of difference to be committed to p a per and to be discussed around the table in a friendly atmo sphere, for it is only by this mean s that the well-being o f the Great Cause, to which we are all devoted , and the students who look to the promotors for guidance , can be promoted.

N ow let us return to m y t hird q ue stio Q. The problems facing the first-aider fall , naturall y, into four categories , viz , (a) Phy sica l injur y, or traum a · (b) Constitutional diso r ders ; (c) H a ndling of patients and / or witnesses and Cd ) Disposal of casualty , which usuall y involve s transport.

Phy sical damage , or trauma , belongs to the department of surger y, a nd con stitute s the great majority of incidents which first-aiders a re called upon to attend. Constitutional disorders are medical , and demand the attention of the phy sician , although most practitioners have taken their degrees in both subjects. The handling of p a tient and / or witnesses , from the scientific point of view , belongs to the realm of psychology, but for the first-aider it consists of the exercise of tact a nd commonsense , supported by experience. Finally , the disposal of the patient in volves the question of transport , the importance of which i s often under -rated . There is far more to learn here than is often fully appreciated , but I do not propose to discuss here the details of either group . I have merely attempted to simplify the whole subject by classifying the elements of which it is composed , and pointing out the importance of studying each department separately.

Whether or not we accept every detail of the

teachings of the new text-book, let us accept it as a complete entity, and set about mastering it without delay, bearing in mind that it has been written by master-minds who have devoted time, knowledge and experience to the production of this work which we now have before us. Let us sink any differences of opinion which we may, indi-

vidually, entertain, remembering only the Grand Cause, the saving of life and the alleviation of pain, to which we are all dedicated . Only by following this course can we seek to hasten the time to which we all look forward , when the whole world will be knit together in one univ ersal brotherhood.

an. d Chan ce ll o r o f th e Pri o ry for W a les, wh o w as the ch ie f gu est a t the in. a u gu ra ti o n. addr es s of t h e H o spit all e rs Cl u b o f W al es, t al k s to th e c hairman , Dr. /. R. S. R o b e rt so n , C St.l., D eputy Ch ie f Surg eo n f o r W al es ( 3rd l eft) , wi th L ieu t -

Co lon el J R L. Trah e rne, C.St.J., D L , Prin ci pal S ecreta ry of t h e P ri o r) (extre m e left) a n.d Mr C J. Parr y , O.St.l ., Brig ad e S ec re tary fo r W al es (rig ht) Th e o bjec ts of t he club are (a) th e prom o tion of s ocial f ell ow ship am o n g p ast and pr ese n t office rs a nd associ a t es of th e St J o hn A mbulance Brig ad e; (b) th e p ro m otio n of "be n evo lent

ass is t a n ce t o it s m e mb e rs; and ( c) to supp o rt a s el e ct ed c harit a b l e pr ojec t 29

THE FALLING SICKNESS

ITS TREATMENT THROUGH THE AGES

BY E. YATES

Epilepsy, or the falling sickness, as our ancestors calIed it, has afflicted mankind since the dawn of history. There are millions of epileptics today yet, thanks to wonderful drugs now a vailable, the majority of sufferers are able to live ordinary lives.

A history of the treatment of epilepsy reflects practicall y every facet of therapy ever tried for anything. The patient usually recovered from a seizure within a few minutes, so that many a " remedy" received credit where none was due; and it could be argued that , without tre a tment between attacks, the patient would have suffered them more frequently! For hundreds of years the net was widely spread in a search .for the prevention and cure of this condition.

In the early 14th century, John of Gaddesden observed that "some persons wear the head of a cuckoo about their neck. it alleviates and retards the paro x ysms as I have often witnessed in children who cannot take medicine. The reason is because each month the cuckoo himself has epilepsy, wherefore it cures epilepsy by drawing the matter to itself, as rhubarb draws choler."

The ashes of a cuckoo or swallow taken by mouth, or broth in which a magpie had been boiled, were long exploited. Many people kept a crossbill caged in the home as protection against disease, and the water from its trough was drunk hopefully by those with epilepsy. Again, the patient might be prescribed the ashes or blood of a weasel, or its brain steeped in vinegar; ashes of stag's horn , the gall of a frog , and camel's brain were similarly tried.

Blood was credited with very special properties. "Dragon's" blood, dog's blood and human blood all had their advocates. John of Gaddesden recommended blood taken from a red -headed woman, and dried That from a newly-slain cri.rp.inal was very potent; Hans Christian Andersen, when a child, w atched the execution of three persons, and

saw the parents of an epileptic boy give him a cu pful of the blood to drink.

In the 14th century the words "Melchior, Jasper , and Balthazar" were written on a piece of paper in blood from the patient's little finger. He wore the paper for a month, and was required to say, daily, three Paternosters and three Ave Marias, in hope of cure.

Blood-letting was frequently recommended in cas es of epilepsy. Cautery was another procedure long used in prevention and cure. A hot iron was applied to the back of the head; even new born infants were occasionally cauterised, as a prophylactic measure.

Trephining dates back to ancient times. Hundreds of prehistoric skulls have been found with holes in them, and evidence of healing at the edges, showing that some patients survived the ordeal. The holes were made to enable the escape of evil demons "possessing" the sufferer, and doubtless causing conditions now recognised as insanity, migraine, cerebral tumour, and epilepsy. The discs of bone removed by trephining were highly valued as amulets, and worn to protect against demons

In the 2nd century Galen recommended the giving of powdered human skull to treat epilepsy, and for hundreds of years physicians hopefully administered this to their patients. .

Emphasis was frequently laid on the importance of a reasonable mode of life, free from excesses . Suitable diets were outlined , while alcoholic drinks were discouraged "since the vapours which they generate fill the head " Patients were prescribed long straight walks, free from views of moving water, long suspected of initiating attacks

Many of these old "cures" seem incredible in the light of modern medical knowledge and treatment. Yet the attitude of society towards epilepsy is often, today, as archaic as any of the therapy inflicted long ago by those who were , at least, doing the best they could.

ST. JOHN, B.R.C.S. and Civil Defence Competition

For the last three years a First Aid and Nursing

The sets were well equipped with scenery and Competition has been held at the Dorking C.D. the standard of casualty acting was good; a Centre open to teams in the Dorking and Leather- rehearsal of this had taken place a few evenings head area. before.

This year the competition's theme was 'Home Safety, sponsored by the Road and Home Safety Committee.

The competition was organised by representatives from the Brigade and B.R.C.S.

Over 60 competitors took part.

The Chairman of the Dorking Urban District Council visited the competition, toured the sets and later presented the trophies.

Owing to the fact that some units in this rural area are unable to field a full team of 4, each test (Team, Dual, First Aid and Nursing) is judged separately and a trophy awarded for each section.

30

LEWIS

Photo Prints (Bristo

THE DEPUTY MAY ORESS of D o r cheste r (Mrs. W E. B owering) present s Fr y Cup for the Annual First Aid Quiz run by the D

rch este r Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association

of Nurses beat

teams.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

"DEAD CASUALTY"

Bambers, Grayswood Road, Haslemere, Surrey.

Dear Sir,

I am surprised to see the introduction of the DEAD CASUALTY in the tests used in the Stanton Division "Thomas Cotton" Challenge Cup (December St . John Review) . Some years ago a regulation was made that the dead casualty was not to be used in competitions. In an actual incident I have found that mature first-aiders have no difficulty in making such judgments.

In a competition, however, in view of the directions given on page 10 of the First Aid Manual and page 17 of First Aid Manual, 2nd edition, competitors may feel it their duty to spend the whole 15 minutes attempting to revive such a casualty with artificial respiration and cardiac massage.

I should be interested to know whether the rule to which I refer still stands. If this does not lie with you as editor, please pass.

Yours faithfully, Mary E. Rolston.

PERSONAL VIEWPOINTS

Dear Sir,

I have followed with considerable interest the articles published recently in the "Review" concerning the recruiting problem and also that of maintaining membership once personnel are acquired.

I think the big cities must present a very large challenge. What is not often realised is that city Brigade members are often in Metropolitan Divisions because they work in London. Their homes may be 20 to 50 miles away, and this is not easily rectified . Transfer to a local Division would be just as unsatisfactory, it being too late when the member reaches home to participate there either. An example of the kind of difficulty manifesting itself is the transfer of Divisions like OUTS to Northern Area when most of the effective strength is resident in southern suburbs.

Cadets have been rightly emphasised in your writer's articles as a source of adult interest. I, for example, was a pre -war cadet. persuaded me to leave-as I was bound to-to Jom a pre-service cadet organisation prior to H.M. Forces service. Discharged from the forces I was keen to rejoin the Brigade, but was prevented from qualifying by being a frequent evening worker, thus being unable to attend a minimum of course sessions. This is 'yet another problem. However, I am now in the G.P.O., and through the activities of the P.O.A.C. am able to keep qualified and do what I can for the Brigade. But you see, cadets do 32

come back if not immediately The seed had been sown in cadet days.

Those of us who qualify in official time because our work precludes our doing otherwise, however keen, seem to be doomed to disappointment if we aim for higher first-aid qualifications per the new manual. I cannot see how the G.P.O., for example, can spare us either the time or money to sit for the higher grade certificates. This is something the Association should do all in its power to put right. There are many shift workers handicapped in this way.

All good wishes for 1966 and the future.

Yours faithfully, F. G. Isaac Div. / Sec. No.1 (St. John's Gate) Division.

Note: The General Secretary of the Post Office Ambulance Centre comments as follows:

"As Mr. Isaac says, the Post Office allows some of its staff time off or paid overtime to undertake first -aid training, it then being understood that people so trained will as first-aiders during working time. Unlike some other industries , the Post Office does not give any payment or other reward to its first -aiders, who are all volunteers . The Post Office wants its first-aiders to be trained to the highest standard commensurate with the work they may be called upon to perform, and active consideration is at present being given to questions relating to the introduction of the higher courses. It must be remembered, however , that the Post Office is an industry employing some 400,000 people in many different jobs, and it is not a simple task to formulate new training schemes for thousands of staff working in differing conditions in all parts of the United Kingdom; inevitably this takes time. Mr. Isaac may , however, rest assured that the Post Office is fully alive to the needs of its first-aiders."

WHY I LEFT THE BRIGADE

Dear Sir,

As a change from the "Why I Joined the Brigade " letters, here is one on why I left the Brigade After twenty-eight years of service from Cadet to County Staff Officer, the break was easier than I thought and was made for a variety of reasons.

Firstly, in this day and age of rat-race, statusseeking, I firmly believe that voluntary work is dying. The Brigade was dealt a body-blow by the inception of the National Health Act and there is, of course, a most vocal and highly organised section of the public which sees in any voluntary service an economic threat to its wages and livelihood.

Seoondly, the majority of the Great British Public is almost entirely disinterested in the magnificent efforts made by those foolhardy and willing enough to serve the aforementioned G.B.P. They just don't want to know! How often has a St. John member been told "You get paid for it now, don't you ?" Finally, and most important, I see no reason why, when having to pay penal taxation, I should give,

PRESENTATION TO

additionally, a single minute of my spare time to the Welfare State. The people wanted it and they've got it! But they can have it without my help! "Ladder inboard Jack, I'm all right!"

Yours faithfully , T. W. Bulpitt.

DIV jSUPT G. E. BATES, M.B.E.

At the old Holborn Town Hall, a presentation ceremony was held for Div ./ Supt. G. E . Bates on his retirement as Div. / Supt. of the Holborn Division.

Among those present were the Mayor of Camden, Councillor Fisher; the Commissioner , Group Captain G. H. Pirie, C.B.E., D.L. , J.P. ; Deputy Commissioner C. Bower , O.B.E. and his wife' Area Commissioner Col. Lewis, M.B.E.; Area Surgeon Dr. Hammer; and members of the Holborn Ambulance and Nursing Divisions.

Alderman M Greengross opened the proceedings by welcoming the Mayor of Camden and guests.

In his address the Mayor said he was honoured to be invited as he took a great interest in Brigade work. He said the Council would do all it could to assist the Voluntary Organisations in the Borough. He congratulated Div. / Supt. G. E. Bates on his wonderful record of service in the Brigade.

Div· IOfficer R. G. Priest then paid tribute to Div ·/Supt. G. E. Bates who he said, had devoted the greater part of his leisure for 44 years to the Brigade. Mr. Bates was a founder member of the Holborn Division and for 24 years its Divisional Superintendent. He said Mr. Bates always insisted that members carried out their obligations efficiently, and he in turn did all in his power to get the best conditions on duties. It was due to the efforts of Div. / Supt. G. E. Bates that sueh good relations existed between the Civic Authorities and the Division.

For his services to the Brigade he was admitted as a Serving Brother of the Order of st. John in 1940 and later promoted to Officer Brother.

In private life he was a Civil Servant and for his services in the Scottish Office he was awarded the M.B.E.

Div· / Supt. Miss Harper, Holborn Nursing Division, thanked Div. / Supt. G. E. Bates for his help and referred to the happy co-operation between the two Divisions.

Group Captain G. H. Pirie, Commissioner , London District, thanked Div. / Supt. G. E. Bates for his work for the Brigade and for London District in particular. He also said when he became Commissi oner the first two names he heard were 33

Mr. Bower, the Deputy Commissioner , and Div. / Supt. G E. Bates.

Group Captain Pirie presented Mrs. Bates with a bouquet , Div. / Supt. Bates with an illuminated autograph book (beautifully prepared by Mr. Colman) containing all the members' signatures, and an electric Goblin teamaker.

Div. / Supt. G. E. Bates then replied, thanking the Commissioner and other speakers for their kind words and for the gifts given by his friends , also the Holborn Ambulance Division for its loyalty and support. He was sure Div. IOfficer Saltiel would be an excellent successor and would run the Division well. He concluded by saying it was an evening he would never forget.

It was indeed a memorable occasion although perhaps tinged with a little sadness.

When we are shivering in a freezing kitchen making the morning tea we will envy him his teamaker although wholeheartedly admitting how well he deserves the luxury.

There are many members of other Divisions even outside London , who met Mr. Bates on public duties who we know would like to join the Holborn Ambulance Division in the sentiments summed up by Div. IOfficer R. G. Priest of " Good health and good luck ' in his retirement.

"IS TillS A RECORD?"

On October 12th the Western Area Commissioner , Lieut. Col. R. Payne presented four cadets of the C.N.15 (Harrow) Division with Grand Prior Badges and the Division s number of Grand Prior Badges since it was started in 1932 , is 79.

The first six Grand Prior Badges were gained only five years later. Then came the war years bringing with them a lack of adult help for the Division and the long uphill struggle after the war to build it up again.

Since 1950 the Division has averaged 4t Grand Prior Badges a year which is we feel a good sustained effort. The latest Grand Prior Cadets are Cadet Sheila Phillips Cadet Joan Harvey , Cadet Jane Titmus and Cadet Pamela Winters. Incidentally, we have also transferred seven cadets to the adults during this year.

WHAT IS A SUPERINTENDENT?

by The Skeleton ,in the Cupboard

In this article there is no particular person in mind and it has been written to cover as much as possible in a general vein.

GENERAL: A Superintendent -is a friend , all enemy; an instruc;;tor, a destructor ; a miser, a thrifty bod y; a di sciplinarian, a negligent despot.

The Friend: The Superintendent as a Friend is everYQme ' s joy. This congenial lady or gentleman cannot do anything wrong in your eyes This person will arrange to help you in anyway, not only in Brigade life.

He or she woulcj. be welcome in your house at any time, and you would be only too pleased to help him or her at a moment's notice.

To this person you are a living thing, not just a name on a B.F.I. , or another name to help boost that rosta for "County" to say "What an industrious c;;hap. " In.fact you have a real friend. Someone ,who knows y ou by your christian nil-me and possibly your wife and children also. None of the Mr. So-and-$o exc;;ept on formal occasions.

The Enemy: The Superintendent as an enemy , your Brigade life is sheer hell, no matter how hard ' you try , or however constructive the ideas you put forward may be, nothing is acceptable to this person.

You could quite unselfishly do something where you thought you were working at the statutes of the St. John as you understand - them when Wow! you have this gentleman on your back (figuratively that is), picking holes in everything you do.

This person will undermine not only your enthusiasm, but eventually completely annihilate any goodwill you might have had for him and "St. John."

This person bickers and talks behind everybody's back, pitting one against the other , so that they are so busy with each other that the Superintendent can sit back and Iiobody will bother about what he or she is d©ing, o.r rather not doing.

The worst part of this is the fact that the Division as a whole suffers due to lack of 'leadership. One might ask why rhis enmity ever started. Does he like to be called "Sir" even When you are in mufti? Do you belong to an outside group of which he does not approve?

Did he make a "faux pas" in his lecture and did you tell him he was wrong in a rather tactless manner in fnmt of everyone present?

No matter what the cause it is obvious to you now you are not persona grata.

:The Instructor: As ?- good instructo r takes t'i me to explain why and what is being done at all tim.es, by coaxing, cajoling and argulng induced int o his teaching, he will stimulate and feed any inquisitive mind. A good teacher knows that the mind needs gentle stimulation after working at the office or factory all day, and will therefore vary the syllabus to cater for all types.

Instruction, however, does not cover only the mind. It also covers manners , and instruction in manners is by example as much by theory, and the way the Superintendent acts and behaves is therefore instruction in itself for his subordinates. It is known that the younger the persons are the more they will imitate those who are older than themselves, so a Superintendent s manners have to be always impeccably correct.

The Destructor: The Superintendent as a destructor is the person who cannot constructively and actively hold his division together. He or she talks to one member about another knowing full well that the person being spoken to is a mate of the one beingspoken about , and by this method he gets his disapproval to the person whom he wishes to rebuke.

This Superintendent has not the "guts " to tell the offending member what is wrong , and uses this back-biting method continuously , so that slowly but surely morale is destroyed , and eventually the division.

Another thing that can the downfall of many a division is lack of information. We are told on joining, that we are all personally responsible for knowing the contents of Brigade Regulations and Brigade Orders. Now, how many of us have actually seen a Brigade Order, yet alone read and digested Brigade Regulations?

Superintendents in general are loathe to let thei r underlings into the mysteries of policy.

As members of the Brigade, a Foundation of the Order, the mottoes of both are as follows: "For the Faith," and "For the service of Mankind."

"Mankind" does not mean only the Superintendents-it means everyone-superiors, subordinates and the public as a whole. Those who do not take this wide view are destroying the very substance of the Brigade as laid down by the Brigade Regulations, and perhaps even the foundations of the original objects of the Order.

The Thrifty Body: The Supermtendent as a thrifty body is the person who sees that an members of the Division have what they need to be smartly dressed and efficiently equipped. A storeman should be appointed who will check periodically that everyone in the Division is properly kitted out. Everyone should know who the storeman is and on what night kit is available for replacements.

But he should also realise that the free cup of tea at the Annual Public First-Aid Course is a better ambassador to the prospective member than bags of publicity and talk.

The Miser: The Superintendent as a miser wjH concentrate on making the bank balance look good on the return but by doing so the Division is robbed of efficiency , and a Division where the Superintendent is a miser is usually a Division with low morale.

A miser may go so far as to make every social occasion so expensive that none of the ordinary members can attend

To be miserly is not necessarily money-wise , one can be miserly in thought, word , and deed. We who join the Brigade have our own reasons why we joined , some for an outside interest , others just to be one of a well-known organisation , some just to j ump on the band wagon , but whatever the individual variations, most join "to do First Aid ."

If the Superintendent - does not allow the full a pplication , the full teaching or the complete practicability of "First Aid" to be explored and exploited to the maximum this when it happens , is due to miserly thinking.

Personally I should like to see in each Division a person appointed to teach and to liaise with the various local associations in their district. The idea being to stimulate a wider intere s t in " First Aid " as well as to forge a social link with St. John and o ther organisations.

r know many Superintendents do do this but there are some who deliberately go out of their way to stop members helping Scouts , Guides , Boys Brigade , etc. , because it may prevent the member undertaking to instruct these organisations from attending the official Brigade courses and may be thought worthless to the Division.

The Disciplinarian: The Superintendent as a disciplinarian is hard but fair. If a member does something wrong , the explanation must be heard with an open mind , and the decision taken quietly and unemotionally; then the "culprit" is told what to do. Thus is the respect and loyalty of all members maintained.

A disciplinarian does not have to shout to be _ heard and above all a disciplinarian needs self-discipline.

The Negligent Despot: This person is a horror. Self-opinionated and self-centred, and convinced that everything that could be done for the Division

has been done. That there are no problems to be solved.

That nobody else is capable of organisatjon, instruction or good ideas.

I personally know of one chap whose only goal appears to be Corps-Superintendent 'and the Division suffers, and will continue to suffer, until he gets it. To me this is wrong , and not what St. John stands for at all.

Summary: One could choose more subjects and enlarge on each, but I think this gives a reasonable idea as regards the "fors " and "againsts" the Superintendent from an "Erk's Eye-view. "

This article is not a slur against authority or anyone person; it is only my opinion from my personal experience , but r must add " If the cap fits-wear it. " I have known in m y short seven years service eight Superintendents , and of these, seven have been real "leaders ," men of whom St . John can be proud.

All I can end up with is good luck to you chaps and chappesses. Long may you be around.

GOLDEN JUBILEE IRELAND COLLIERY NURSING DIVISION

Ireland Colliery, Staveley, Derbyshire , was sunk in 1874 by the Staveley Coal & Iron Company , and in 1915 the Company fonned the Ireland Colliery Nursing Division , which, along with the Colliery Ambulance Division , became part of the Staveley Company Corps, The strength of the Division increased over the years and the members gave freely of their time and leisure not only to attend the Brigade lectures and examinations but also to attend to the welfare of the town ' s people , alwa ys being ready to meet an y call for help in si ckness or trouble.

In 1937 an explosion occurred at the nearby Markham Collier y and a second ex plo sion in 1938. On each occasion the members of the Nursing Division hurried to the Colliery to give help to the injured and comfort to relatives. It is recorded that two members lost their husbands in these two disasters , From late 1939 to 1941 , during the opening stages of World War II an emergency hospital was set up in the local Wesley an Chapel Schoolroom and fully manned b y male and nursing members.

On the Nationalisation of the Mining Industry in 1947, the Division joined the National Coal Board , St. John s Ambulance Brigade Organisation (No . 1 Area , East Midlands Division) and the Nursing Competition Team has won its way to the Regional Competition eight times . Over the years nine members have had the honour of attending the investiture as Serving Sisters, and the present strength of the Division is forty.

At the Division's Annual Dinner and Presentation of Awards in December , 1965 , Area Commissioner B. Kendall , O.St.J. , presented the Jubilee Certificate for 50 years to Divisional Superintendent Mrs. Smedley.

·Zena Harman

The United Nations Children's Fund

Eliminating poverty, sickness and ignorance in a world of plenty is recognised as a major goal of our society. The framers of the Charter of the United Nations understood fully that real peace would only be conceivable when the root causes of dissatisfaction, frustration and suffering were overcome. The machinery for handling open aggression and conflict must be paralleled with positive action to remove century-old ills; hence the central importance attached to the Economic and Social Council and the work of the Specialised Agencies. Above all, this constituted recognition of the dignity of human life, the inalienable right of every human being to equality and a square deal from society. Few would deny that real progress implied making the best possible provision for the child , nursing and guiding it through the different phases of its development, from babyhood to the threshold of adulthood, so that it would grow up responsible, self-reliant, healthy in body and mind. The unanimity and enthusiasm that the nations of the world have shown towards UNICEF's activities bring a measure of comfort as the rocky road to lasting peace is negotiated.

UNICEF commenced in 1946 primarily to provide for the needs of children who had suffered the ravages of war in Europe, but in 1950 the General Assembly acknowledged the importance of an agency to deal with the permanent, continuing needs of children. The ravages of disease, malnutrition and illiteracy were no less devastating than the scourge of war. In the course of the years, UNICEF policies have developed in the direction of viewing children's needs within the framework of overall economic and social planning processes. A major concern is to establish high priority within national planning for services directly affecting the child.

Much emphasis is placed on the training of midwives, nurses' aids, doctors, teachers, nutritionists, social workers and others required. UNICEF's aim is to inject assistance at a crucial point with the avowed object of helping the Government to set up services that will become permanent. It is only in this way that real progress can be achieved. The master plan must be capable of implementation in all its aspects and must be comprehensible even at the lowest village level, so that everyone it touches becomes imbued with a desire to become personally involved. Much will depend on the sense of national purpose and the determination of the population as a whole tG set aside the habits and customs of generations and adapt to a new and changing world. -

The Declaration of the Rights of the Child stipulates that "Mankind owes to the child the best it has to give." It is impossible to challenge the inevitability of the child's growth to manhood, and assumption of responsibility in the chain of human continuity; it is impossible to deny the certainty that the world and our civilisation will be guided by the new generation. The child of todayis indeed the1eader of tomorrow, but not for this alone are the nations of the world committed to assist the child with all means at their disposal. The human conscience cannot tolerate the persistence of poverty and excruciating misery for more than half the world's population, while the standard of living continues to rise for the others. Today every individual is entitled to equal prospects; the child is in the very front row. A country that gives a top priority to its child population is indeed blessed and its future assured.

NORTHERN IRELAND DISTRICT

H.Q. Transport Ambulance and Nursing Division's 21st Anniversary

_ The H.Q. Transport and Nursing Division always hold an annual dinner but this year was a very special occasion, as it marked the 21st Birthday celebrations. It was held at the War Memorial Building, Belfast, in January.

The guests included those who had been associated with the Division since its formation in 1945.

One of the particular items included in Div .j Supt. T. K. Smyth's report was that during 1965 the seven ambulances of the Belfast fleet had covered over 29 ,000 miles and carried some 4,000 patients.

District Transport Officer Mr. A E. M. Humphreys, in his address congratulated the Officers and members on their achievements over the years and said that the calls on the services of St. John were always increasing so that it was essen6al that the national recruiting campaign was successful, and from a local point of view particularly in attracting suitable personnel for transport duties.

During the evening a birthday cake was presented to Miss Pri m rose, Matron of the Ulster Hospital, for the patients to mark the very cordial relations which exist between the hospital and the Division.

GHANA

We have heard with great pleasure that Miss Docia A. N. Kisseih, S.R.N.-Director of the Association-has also been appointed District Superintendent eN) of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. She was presented with her Warrant of Appointment by the President of the St. John Council-Dr. R. P. Baffour, O.B.E.-on the occasion of a dinner given in honour of Mr. P. J. McGill, on the eve of his departure for England. Mr. McGill has served in Ghana for many years and has done splendid work for st. John. N. M. de Mierre.

C

Cyri E. D iamon d

MRS. ROSINA FEAKS

It is with deep regret that we announce the death of Mrs. Rosina Feaks, one of the founder members of the 164 Canning Town Nursing Division, to which she was transferred from the West Ham Nursing Division with whom she served throughout the War. Mrs. Feaks will always be remembered · by her many friends and colleagues for her loyal and cheerful service

BASn., NORMAN

It is with regret that we report the death of-Area Superintendent Basil Norman, Eastern Area, Surrey, on January 30th, 1966. He joined the Brigade as a member of the regular ambulance Division in 1913 and served with the Queen's Royal West Surrey Regiment in India and Mesopotamia during the First World War. On his return from service he joined the Reigate Ambulance Division as a transport officer and became their Divisional Superintendent in 1929. During the Second World War Mr. Norman was in charge of the first-aid parties in the borough of Reigate. He particularly be in the County for his devoted service to the Brigade and in connection with the Colman Cup Competition of which he was secretary from 1937 to 1965. He donated the Basil Norman rose bowl for the ladies' first-aid teams. In recognition of his work he was made an officer brother in 1960.

JAMES pADDISON

It is with deep regret that we announce the death of Mr. James Paddison who had been a member of the Brigade for 59 years. He was one of the first superintendents · in ;charge of the Cleethorpe Ambulance Division and ' in recognition of his work at the first-aid station he was presented with a gold watch by the Cleethorpe Borough Council. He later became County Staff Officer, then County Secretary, a position which he held until 1965 , when he was transferred to the Brigade reserve. -In recognition of his services he was admitted to the Order in 1930, promoted to Officer (Brother) in 1949 and t9 Commander Officer 1956.

MISS ARIADNE RODOCANACHI

We regret to announce the deatb of Miss Ariadne /Rodocanachi, County Vice-President, Gloucestershire, who died in her 80th year in January, 1966. Miss Rodocanachi became a County Staff Officer in 1914 and Divisional Superintendent of the Withington Nursing Division in 1939, a position which she held until 1944. In 1949 she became Area President and County Vice-President in 1958. Two of her particular interests were an old people's home which she was instrumental in starting in Andoversford in 1956, and a chiropody service to old people's clubs. For many years she was an active member of the N orthleach Rural District 38

Obituaries

Council and served on many committees including those of health, housing, building and planning. She will be greatly missed by all who knew her.

PERCY SHORT

It is with deep regret that we announce the sudden death on February 12th, 1966 , of the Divisional Officer of the Belpar Ambulance Cadet Division , Derbyshire. In a tribute paid by one of his colleagues , it is stated that he will be greatly missed for his unfailing cheerfulness , and will be remembered as a kind person who put his heart and soul into the work of the Brigade of which he wa s a member for 29 years. The Belpar Headquarters will be known as the Short Memorial Hall in memory of the family : mother , father and son who served the Brigade so well!

MISS WINIFRID SLOANE-EVANS

It is with deep regret that we announce the death of Miss Winifrid Sloane-Evans who joined the Brigade in 1931 as a member of the Sherwell Nursing Division. Miss Sloane-Evans devoted much of her time and energies to collecting funds for the association and Brigade , mainly from small shopkeepers in the City of Plymouth for which she was awarded the Order of the Vellum Vote of Thanks. She was admitted to the Order in 1945 and promoted to Officer Sister in 1956. In spite of the fact that she was in indifferent health she continued her fund-raising activities which resulted in many hundreds , of pounds being collected every year. Her loss will be greatly felt throughout the County of Plymouth , South-West Devon a nd East Cornwall.

T. J. SMITH

Members of the Mid-East Durham Corps heard with very real regret of the passing of Mr. T. J Smith, who from 1949 to 1963 was their Corps Superintendent. It was his foresight and enthusiasm which resulted iri the organisation of the very popular. and highly successful Annual Conference and Training weekend at Scarborough 12 years ago. At first the Conference was open only to members of his Corps and their wives or husbands, but later it was extended to members of other units. Due to ill health, Mr. Smith went on to the Brigade Reserve in 1963. He became a Serving Brother in 1946 and was promoted to Officer (Brother) ten years later.

OUR FASCINATING BOROUGH

The Silkweavers of Spitalfields and Bethnal Green

The term Spitalfields silk refers to any specimen of silk woven upon a hand loom under the tradition of the Huguenot weavers, between the date of their coming to E ast London about 1685 and the present day. An account of the weavers-their settlement at Spitalfields, their gradual conversion of the hamlet of Bethnal Green into a thriving industrial a rea , the var ying fortunes of their craf t of silk wea ving, its ultim a te decline and practi ca l di sa ppe a ran ce- forms one of the mo s t f ascinating s torie s of L ondon gr o wth during the la st tw o ce nturies and a h a lf. .

There seems no . d o ubt that the culture and wea ving of' had its beginning in China, but in co ur se of time the secret of its produ c ti o n became k no wn in Persia , India , ' Japan and the Eas t ge nerall y The M oo r s intr odu ced silk m a nu f acture int o Sp a in in the ninth centur y, a nd the Italian s in th e twelfth century a chieveC! a suprema cy in the a rt whi ch they maintained f or over three hundred yea rs, Fr om It a ly the art slowly spread t o o ther E ur opean countries a nd parti c ularl y to the so uthern French provin ces.

Mos t of the wea ver s a nd o ther silk worker s we re Prote s ta nts , kn ow n by the Cath olics as Hu gu en o ts; a nd it wa a t thi s time of the greate s t acco mpli shm ent of their cr a ft th a t the per secu6 0n whi ch immedi a tel y f oll owed the rev o ca ti on of the of N antes in 1685 dr o ve these Huguen o ts 111 va s t number s int o ex ile , a nd resulted in the es ta bli shm ent of the wea ving ind us try o n a large sca le in Spitalfield s . Within tw o yea r of the beginning of thi per sec uti o n, more tha n a hundr ed th o us a nd immigra nt s fo und r'efuge in E ngland al one Man y a rri ved de s titute of m one y a nd goo d s , landing fr om op en bo ats a t Sand wi ch, Rye a nd el sewhere al ong the southern coas t, a fter distr ac ted a nd perilous voyages. They were welcomed with extraordinary co rdiality and , in the first year, fifteen thousand pers o ns wer e helped t o settle in the environs of L ondon.

The immigrants comprised skilled workmen in ma n y branches of industry, There were silversmiths and jewellers , makers of cl ocks and watches, a nd of mathematical a nd surgical instruments, who began to pr a ctise their crafts in Seven Dials , Long Acre and throughout Clerkenwell. But ·by far the greater proportion of the Huguenots were silk weavers from the region of Lyons and Tours, and they settled near Bishopsgate, in Spitalfields , Norton Folgate and the western borders of Bethnal 39

Green. There, in the little community of friendly foreign people and Nonconformist sympathisers, they found a warm welcome, a quiet fellowship amongst folk of similar characteristics to their own, and a district suited to the immediate requirements of their craft and its future development.

Despite the fact that London had not yet entirely recovered from the devastating effects of the Great Fire, its c itizens sh o wed n o hesitati on in the acceptan ce of this new responsibilit y, Accommodation was pr ovided for the silk weaver s and their looms, a.nd in an incre.dibly short while the open ground outside the city wall at Bishopsgate was covered by a network of streets and alleys, with houses specially to meet the requirements of the weavers, embroiderers, silk dyers , thr owsters a nd o ther craftsmen of the immigrati on. Fleur de Ly s Street, Bl o ssom Street, Fl ower Street, Rose Alle y are some of the original s treet names which still survive in the quarter where these workmen first made their homes.

Previous t o the eighteenth century, Bethnal Green wa s a sm a ll hamlet of the Parish of St. Dunstan's, Stepney, with only a few houses clustered around its ancient Green, and seeming quite rem o te from London , since n o direct highwa y p ass ed hence through it. But Gasco yne s Survey of 1703 sho ws a number of cl o sel y built houses already in existence where the weavers had come over its borders from Spitalfields ; and , from that date forward , so rapid was its growth, that, fort y year s later the hamlet was converted into a parish , with a chur ch of its ow n. The church of St. M a tthew was conse crated in 1743 ; and its l ocati on so f ar from the Green, the old centre of the hamlet, was due to .this devel opment of the weaver 's communit y in the western h a lf of the district. The number of houses in Bethnal Green a nd its population were officially estimated at this date for the purpose of the Act which sanctioned the erection of the church and the establishment of the parish. fhe houses were f o und to be eighteen hundred , and the population fifteen thous a nd , by far the larger proporti o n of wh om were weavers and their f a milies . This populati on was multiplied several times before the end of the century , for the prosperity of the weaving industry brought large increases in the families of the weavers, and the fame of Spitalfields silk drew to East London numbers of other silk weavers, many of them of Huguenot origin , from Canterbury , Yorkshire, Cumberland and elsewhere, to share in its success. Twelve t o

ONE OF THE LAST LOOMS in use at Cranbrook Street, Bet/mal Green in 1935.

fifteen thousand looms were in use throughout the - whole Spitalfields area in the last quarter of the eighteenth century, when the industry had reached the height of its prosperity and, as each loom represented the employment of at least three operatives in the various processes of production, the silk weaving industry at this time must have comprised upwards of thirty thousand workers

During the greater part of the eighteenth century the circumstances of the craft in East London must have been idyllic The weavers' houses spread out into the fertile countryside, the fields and hedgerows of which, as yet little touched by the smoke and grime of coal fires, reached inward to a short distance from the London Wall. And though it is true that the great bulk of the weavers were never very well off, they were above all things thrifty, and made no extravagant demands upon life. During its best days the craft itself was a charming employment, demanding hard work and concentration, and giving ample opportunity for ingenuity and skill in design. The fame of the Spitalfields productions kept t.he weavers in touch with private patrons as well as with mercers, and brought purchasers of every kind into the neighbourhood, the sedan chair frequently bearing its fair occupant through the narrow streets to order her dress-length of brocade or figured silk direct from her favourite weaver.

the weavers during the early nineteenth century and the Commercial Treaty, made with France in 1860, allowed foreign silks to be purchased at a cheaper rate than they could be made in England, and that part of the struggling Spitalfields industry which prod uced the lighter and cheaper sorts of silk webs received its death blow. A few large firms and a small number of master weavers who prod uced work of a high order were less affected by the Treaty, but the industry generally was practically brought to an end.

The weavers never recovered from this blow, although in 1931 there were still two firms in existence in Bethnal Green, and in 1935 a small group of elderly people were the last to carryon the tradition of Spitalfields silk weaving.

Very few of the weavers' houses remain. A few eighteenth century examples are to be found in the vicinity of Christ Church, Spitalfields. The essential difference between these and ordinary eighteenth century houses is Ihat they have, above the cornice, attic workshops with a row of sash or casement windows along the front of the roof. Other houses, built in the first half of the nineteenth century, of

which a few remain in Bethnal Green, are twostoreyed cottages of commonplace design. and structure. The top front room, being the longest in the house, was used as a weaving shop. Instead of two s€parate windows, the whole window space and the wall between was replaced by a single window. In many cottages there were long windows at the back as well as a t the front of the house, and often two looms, eachJit b.y a window.

A Coronation or a Royal Wedding was an event which always brought the industry into prominence, because the fine silk robes used on such occasions were, up to the occasion of the Coronation of King George VI in 1937, woven, either locally, or at Braintree, in Essex, to where the firm of Messrs Warner & Sons had removed from Spitalfields , about forty years previously. The Bethnal Green Museum has a fine collection of silk cloths produced at Spitalfields while the Tower Hamlets Libraries possess other unique relics of this historic industry.

The prosperity of the industry was shortlived. There had been indications of decline before the eighteenth century closed. A serious tendency downward then set in, so that towards the end of the first quarter of the nineteenth century the silk wea ver's condition grew pitiable indeed, and his average weekly earnings, as shown by evidence given in Parliamentary reports, only reached about five shillings. Yet throughout this dark period from 1820 to 1830 the number of people employed in the craft was greater than ever. According to Porter, in his "Silk Manufacture in England, 1831," there were seventeen thousand looms then working in East London, and of a population of one hundred thousand in Spitalfields, ,Mile End New Town and Bethnal Green, one half were entirely dependent to a lesser degree.

There was a steady decline in the prosperity of

The thrift of the weavers was evidenced by the benefit clubs and societies they formed. It is a matter of history that the Friendly Society, 40 though perhaps a lineal descendant of the ancient English Guilds, came into existence in its modern form in Spitalfields at the instigation of the Huguenot weavers, whose most famous society, founded in 1703, continued amongst descendants of the same families down to recent times. Inclinations towards floriculture and gardening made the new suburb of Bethnal Green a pleasant region in the early days of its development, and Londoners resorted there to its fields and gardens, and to fish in its ponds. The breeding and training of singing birds was another of the weavers' hobbies which has maintained its tradition in the neighbourhood to modern times

SGT. MARY HUTCHINSON of the Tunbridge Wells NUrsing Cadet Division with the Grand Priors Badg e. Mary joined the Division in Januar y 1961

References: GIBSO N , A. V B Huguenot we a vers houses in Spitalfields. SABIN , A.K. Silk Weavers of SpitaJfields and BethnaI Green.

Hull Daily Mail

MR. & MRS. THOMAS PENN celebrate their Golden WeddinR Da y. The coup l e have been l eading f igur es in the St. John Ambu lanc e Brigade, East Riding Yorkshire, for many years. Mr. P enn (71) retired last year with the Rank of County Staff Officer.

RESUSCITATION MODEL IS MEMORIAL TO FORMER ST. JOHN NURSING SUPT. AT KEIGHLEY, YORKS

On Wednesday evening, January 26th, 1966, at the Ambulance Brigade Headquarters, Keighley, a tribute was paid to the memory of the late Mrs. H. Wadsworth, Div. Supt. S.J.A.B. Nursing Division, Keighley.

When she died in December 1964, her many friends made generous donations in lieu of flowers, and these have been used to buy a "Resusci-Anne" model on which mouth to mouth resuscitation can be practised.

Many of these friends and uniformed members of the Brigade were present when Mrs. Joan Craven, her daughter, handed over the model which was received by Dr. John Prentice, J.P., K.St.J. District Surgeon, W.R., Yorks.

Mrs. Craven said that it was thanks to other people's generosity that this model was being presented to the Nursing Division which had been close to her mother's heart for so many years. She hoped it would be of benefit to those who used it, and to those who eventually would receive treatment.

Dr. Prentice in reply said it was a valuable piece of equipment which would be used in the most vital

42

aspect of their work. After so many centuries it was interesting that first-aiders had to go back to the Old Testament to find the correct method of 4 reviving people! Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation was the original form it took, but the Press had done a dis-service in christening it "The Kiss of Life " It was nothing like kissing , and could be a very unpleasant job, but it could save a life. He warned the gathering that not everyone could be saved by this method but many could. He thought it should really be called THE BREATH OF LIFE. Mrs . Wadsworth had been just that to her Division , and it was most fitting that her memory would be kept alive in this way.

Praising her loyal service to the Division , Dr. said Mrs. Wadsworth had joined them at the beginning of World War II when they were struggling for efficiency. She put her heart and mind into caring for others. She worked this division up until it was the finest in the West Riding of Yorkshire, which was one of the "big three" areas in the country. This was no mean achievement. He praised her loyalty and her efficiency and said her good work had been done

because she believed and followed the principles of the Founder of her faith and our patron saint, John the Baptist. What we have received tonight will live on and carryon her good work for the Order of St. John of which she was an Officer (Sister). Let us hope it will be the means of saving ' many lives, he concluded. Area Training Officer, Mr. J. McManus then gave a demonstration of the "Breath of Life," and answered questions. The Lord Prior's Film of The Order, and its famous Hospital in Jerusalem, was shown by Mr. Gledhill. A vote of thanks was given by Mrs. M. A. Cook, Div. Supt. (N.). Refreshments were served by the nursing members.

Brigade Member Honoured

In the New Year's Honours there was one particularly pleasing to Brigade members in Wellingborough. The Order of the British Empire has been awarded to Miss Lilian Roberts , a senior enrolled nurse at the Park Hospital , Wellingborough. Nurse Roberts joined Headquarters Nursing Division in 1937 and in 1940 became an a uxiliary nurse at the hospital. After the war she remained in the hospital service. In addition to her work at the hospital Nurse Roberts also cared for her blind sister for 25 years. At the hospital her main care is for elderly patients.

CONTRIBUTORS TO THE "REVIEW" are r equested to send items submitted for publication through the County/ District or Area P.R.O where one has been appointed.

Please do not write on the backs of photographs - it costs a fortune to make blocks from disfig ured photographs . Captions should be attached to back edge of picture with Sellotape.

Please write names of people, places and divisio ns in block letters.

Please end contributions as quickly as possible - working three months in advance. Copy sent in A ugust will appear in November!

Please do not send colour prints Ideally pict ures should be 8in . x 6in. glossy prints.

Please, when sending newspaper cuttings , make ure that the name of the paper and date of p ublication are clearly marked so that proper a cknowledgement can be given , particularly important when pictures are used

REVIEW CROSSWORD No. 18

Compiled

by

W. A. Potter

Solution to Crossword No. 27.

Across: 4 , Terminal ; 9, Tetanus; 10 , Isotopes ; 11 Colles; 12, Agile; 14, Oral ; 18 , Scorbutus; 20 Nates; 2 1, Mo.o.ds; 22, Policeman; 23 , Sink; 24 (L)asses; 29 , C allus ; 31, Lord.o.sis ; 32, Nur.sing; 33 Snel.1en's.

Down: 1, Zero; 2, Table; 3, Bursa; 5, Ease.1; 6, Mute; 7 , Nephrotomy; 8, Listlessness; 11 , Chest muscles; 13 , Get up; 15, Motor nerve; 16, Obese; 17 , Snack; 19, Salve ; 2 5, Scion; 26 , S.cr.ub; 27, Flush; 28, Boil; 30, Ulna. 43

ACROSS

1. Man with plant for getting rid of tapeworms.

5 Constellation for malignant growth.

10 Ascending and descending in pubic bone

11 . Hot seat is producing involuntary of hands and feet.

12 Cut void from fallopian tube.

13 I cannot include.

14. Asphyxiate by compressing trachea.

l6 Items causing itchy swellings, usually on legs

18 The small carcinoma covering tendons and spinal cord.

20 Passage of oxygen from air to blood in alveoli

23 Bone of skull found at roof of nose

24. Almost overflowing.

25 Junction between nerve ending and muscle fibre .

26. Secreted by lining of stomach , trachea , nose , etc.

27. Retain light sensitive part of eye.

28 Tiredness often follo wing illness. DOWN

1 Red and yello w in bones.

2 Sign of compassion-or quinsy.

3. Fault is producing abnorm(,).l passage from organ.

4 Cook by fire

6 Not many make the opposite

7. Doctor who has many opportunities of assessing fint aider s work.

8. Cheeky sign of health!

9. Enlarged auricle from blo w on the face .

15. Contagious disease of horses , sometimes contracted by grooms.

17. Festive association of common cold w ith copious nasal seeretion.

19 Gape on a point in space where planet is most distant from earth.

21. Joyous victory.

22. Stare in profound shock-or with artificial eye?

24. Swelling

FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: Mrs. M. A Cook (Div. Supt. N), Dr. L. W. Rattray (Div. Surgeon), Dr. J. Prentice, J.P. (District Surgeon), Mrs. Joan Craven, Mr. J. McManus (Area Staff Offi ce rs)

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

Advertisements with remittance should be sent (0 The Advertisement Dept., Tho St. John Review, 10 Gros ve nor Crescent. London, S.W.l (to which address replies to BQx Numbers should be forwarded). Rate 9d. per word, minimum lOs. Box numpers 2/6 -extra. Trade advertisements 1/- per word, minimum 15/- .

FOR SALE

DO YOU KNOW??? tbat it costs n -o more than 5d . each for the supply of full-length ball point pens die- sta mped in gold with your Detachment or charity. Minimum quantity one gross. Please print your requirement (Maximum 30 letters) and send 60 / - total cost for 144 pens. J. E. Thomas . & Son (Cuffley) Ltd ., 2A HandsRoad Tottenham , N.17.

STILL £1 PROFIT and unbeatable value! Special parcels 144 6d. Toys, or 72 1/- Toys or Selections Dearer

Toys , Stationery or Jewellery. Each parcel 52 /, Carriage 4/- on orders under £10 over £10 Carriage free . Alternatively make your own choice from our Catalogue listiag hundreds of attractive items at WHOLESALE PRICES. J. E. Thomas & Son (Cuffley) Ltd ., 2A Handsworth Road, Tottenham , N.l7.

ADVERTISING PENCILS , Superb Ball Pens , Combs , Brushes, etc., gold-stamped with B riga de name, raise funds quickl y, easily. Repeat orders assured Det ails: Northern Novelties , Bradford , 2.

S.J.A.B. BADGE Wall Shields, 32s. 6d S.J .A.B. Gold cased crested Cuff Links, 52s. 6d. Tropby Shields supplied. Men's White Nylon Gloves, 14s . 6d. ribbon Is. 3d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniforms , Is. 3d each ribbon if mounted on pin brooch. Medals mounted miniatures quoted for Stamp for leaflets. - MONTAGUE JEFFERY Outfitter , St. Giles Street, Northampton.

FUND RAISING? Ball Pens are used by everyone. We supply PI?,ti-gnum, nationally known makes at reduced wholesale prices to organisations. Your Group title , or other wording can be die stamped on each pen in Silver or G.old as required. Pen cases are available in various colours. Excellent profit (over 5()% on cost) with full guarantee plus quick del iv ery extended. Details and samples forwarded on request. Thompson & Robinson Ltd ., 20 Churchfield Road, London , W.3. Tel.: ACOrn 8770

THREE LADIES GREATCOATS, bust 34in ., waist 25in., £3 each Three ladies' hats 7t, £1 each. All new. Box No . D401. 44

GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES

MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l

Ophthalmic Student Nurses

Candidates accepted at the age of 16 to commence a n 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students. Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candid ates. Well equipped School of Nursing. Successful candidates, on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert Hall , Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tenni3 Court. Active Social Club . Applications in writing to the Matron

EASTBOURNE HOSPITALS NURSES' TRAINING SCHOOL (406 beds)

Comprising St. Mary's, Princess Alice and the Leaf Hospitals

Applications are invited from (suitably) well educated young men and women of 18 years and over for 3-year cours e in General Training

Training is in accordance with the 1962 Experimental S yllabu s. Block System of Training in modern, well equipped training unit. Excellent practical experience available Full recreational facilities including beach huts and cha lets NUrses on the Supplementary Registers are accepted for a 2-year course.

Immediate vaca nci es 1966. For application forms a nd illustrated brochure app ly to Matro n Prince s Alice Hospital, East bourne.

MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL

CITY ROAD, LONDON E.C.I

Vacancies exist for STATE EN ROLLED NURSES to enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing Twelve months' course. of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing.

Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Profi c iency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board.

Opportunities for promotion and practical responsibility in the specialist field of nursing.

Apply to Matron, Commander of the Order of St. John Moorfields Eye Hospital

COMPETITIONS

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION (Manchester Centre) NOVICES AND OPEN COMPETITIONS

Saturday, October 15, 1966

Closing date for entries August 6, 1966. Entrance forms despatched early July Please make early application to: Competition Secretary: Miss K. Elliott, 72, Windlehurst Road, High Lane, Stockport.

Tuition in mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose res uscitation can now b e pract ised with complete hygie nic protection for patie nt and pupil by using the CHESHIRE WILSON RESUSCI TATION TRAINER

It is ideally easy to us e and its simp le mec hani sm canno t go wrong

With no rma l us e and treatment the traine r has a long working life. Equally suita bl e for adults and children it is an a lr eady accepted "m ust" for orga ni sa tions int eres ted in life-saving t echnique. Kit comprises:- 2 Face Pi eces with built-in foo lproof valves , Pl astic Lung Bag and 12 disposable lin ers, disi nf ecta nt , cot ton wool etc. All packed in convenient wallet as illustrated. FROM ROYAL LIFE SAVING SOCIETY ST JOHN STORES DEPT OR DIRECT FROM: -

WITHOUT ACTUAL ORAL CONTACT

NEW PUSH OR CAR CHAIRS

Please write for literature detailing the finest va lue in invalid furniture.

PITCHMASTIC ASPHALT PAVING CO. LTD.

GROUP

Dredg ing 6' R eclamation Speciaft'sts

DREDGING IS OUR BUSINESS

WH ERE VER it is WHATEVER it is WE DO IT!

As specialists in dredging and reclamation works, we have the most comprehensive and up-to-date fleet of dredging vessels fully equipped and capable of tackling the most difficult assignments with complete success

CONTRACTORS TO HARBOUR AND GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD

WESTMINSTER DREDGING COMPANY LIMITED

ST ANDREW'S HOUSE , BROADWAY, WESTMINSTiER , LONDON, SWI. Telephone TRAfalgar 6835 Telex No 28818

WEST COAST 301 NEW CHESTER ROAD , BROMBOROUGH , CHESHIRE. Telephone: Rockferry 2233-5. Telex No 62470

EAST COAST: EXCHANGE BUILDINGS, QUAYSIDE NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE 1Telephone: Newcastle 29927

SOUTH COAST: JAMES CONTRACTfNG & SH IPPING CO LTD. SOUTHAMPTON T&lephone Southampton 22436. Telex No 47516

THAMES AREA : LONDON DREDGING CO. LTD DENTON SLiPWAYS , GRAVESEND

WEST AFRICA: WESTMINSTER DREDGING (WEST AFRICA) LTD P O Box 1518 , LAGOS

AUSTRALIA : WESTMINSTER DREDGING AUSTRALIA PTY. LTD. Box 4776 GPO , SYDNEY NEW SOUTH WALES

CANADA: BEAVER DREDGING COMPANY LTD 111 RICH MOND STREET , WEST TORONTO 1. ONTARIO

BERMUDA: FOREMOST LAND & MARINE , WESTMINSTER LTD. BANK OF BERMlJDA BUILDING, HAMILTON

This

should be In every ambulance-

Ambulancemen prob a bly have to deal with more cases requ i r i ng art ific i al resp i rat i on than any othe r branch of the medical profession except an a esthet sts - and often in circumstances that are far fro m ideal. They know both the v rtues of mouth - to - mouth resusc tation and also its aesthetic disadvantages and practical difficult es in certain situations In many emergencies special resuscitation equ i pmen t would be a godsend - and the Ambu is just such equ i pmen t.

It has been chosen on its merits as the standard resuscitation equipment of Nato forces It i s l i ght, compact and inherently safe. It can be used with oxygen when necessary. Its complement is the Ambu foot pump for clearing airways of mucus or blood Between them these two pieces of equipment can deal with the most difficult cases of resuscitation , yet they are not expensive-each costing only about £15 For further details please write to your nearest Br i t ish Oxygen branch

W.6

New First-aid and transit dressing for Burns

-even unskilled helpers can apply it in seconds

The Roehampton burns dressing. made from Pritex polyurethane foam. reduces risk to the patient during the critical pre-hospital period. It also provides a logical preliminar y to the modern exposure treatment.

It is so simple and effective to appl y that even uns k illed helpers can attend t o a casualt y - quickly and safely.

It can be applied in seconds without causing unnecessar y pain and with a minimal ris k of adherence. It provides good prote c tion against trauma and reduces the ris k o f infection T his Roehamp ton dressing can be removed in seconds. It wi ll often save the patient having to be given large doses of drugs or even a general anaestheti c. I n the event of multiple casualties, such as might be caused by large scale exp l osions or fires. the Roehampton burns dressing has many advantages. 0 It makes a light. compact package that is eas y t o transport. [I No spe c ial care is needed t o k eep it in perfect condition. D It remains sterile until the pac kage is broken o pen [l In all circumstances, it gives the patient the best possible means of protection from further damage while on the way to hospital.

Reference: A. J. Evans ( 1 957) Brit. Med. J .. 1 , 547 . J . Kohn (1963) J. Roy . Army Med. Cps .. 109/4, 1 .

O ne Shillin g

Insurers to the Order of St. John

This should be in every ambulance -

Ambulancemen prob a bl y have to d ea l with m o r e ca ses req u i rin g a rtifi cia l r esp ir a t io n t ha n a n y other branch of the medic a l p rofession e x cept an a es th etis t s- and o ft e n i n c i rcum s t a n ces t hat a r e f a r from idea l. They k no w both the v rtues o f m ou th - to - mouth res u scitati o n and al so i t s aesthe t ic disad v a nt ag es and prac ti cal di ff i cul tie s in cer tai n sit u a t i o ns I n many emer ge n ci es special resuscita t ion eq u ipment would be a godsend - and t he Ambu is just such equ i pm ent.

It has bee n ch o s en on t s me rits as th e s t a n dard res u scitation equ ipme n.t of N a t o forces . I t is l ig ht , compact and inherentl y safe It c a n be u s ed with o x ygen whe n nece ssa ry It s co m p l eme nt is th e A m bu foot p um p fo r cle ar in g a irw ays o f m u c u s o r b loo d B etwe e n them th ese two pieces o f equipme nt can de a with th e m o st d i ff ic ul t cases of res u scitation ; th ey ar e n o t expe n si v e- but without price in an emerg enc y.

Telephone: WHItehall 8181

HEAD OFFICE: BARTHOLOMEW LANE LONDON EC2

WHAT COMES NEXT?

To save the lives of children is a generous human impulse. Many thousands of lives are saved every year by gifts to us. Of these the lucky minority are taken into care, educated and trained to earn a living. For far , far too many all that can be done is to continue the handout of food and clothing until they reach an age to scratch some sort of independent living.

A LIVING ... OR A MERE EXISTENCE?

Too few schools Too few jobs. Too few hospitals, teachers, doctors , nurses. Poor land. Poor equipment. Poor homes" Poor health. These are the common lot in the less developed countries. If these pitiful little liv es , so easily saved b y your gifts , are to be worth livin6 we must go further and stretch our aid to the dev elopment of their countries

Many more schools , farm centres, training colleges and teaching hospitals are desperately needed b y the developing countries. We already send ev ery penny we can to man y such projects on our national list. They need far more than we can send and many more await acceptance when funds permit.

Y our gift can help to make the future bright with hope for those who ha v e been helped to survive and are no w w ondering- WHAT COMES NEXT?

A ll gifts for overseas projects sen t wi thout deduction.

WAR ON WANT

9 MadeJey Road, London , W .S

Man y generou s souls li v e on a limited income. A mention in y our will , will provide life for tin y children. LIFE not DEA TH.

If y ou pay tax at standard rate a co v enant w ould add 14s. to ev ery £1 , at no ex tra cost to y ou. !ewellery, Silver, Old Sheffield, bring good pnces.

We need Green Shield Stamps for an ambulance.

Desp erate need f or clothing for refugees : WAR ON WANT DEPOT

Caxton Street South London, E.16

SIDE . DRUMS

Enquiries from Solicitors Agents, Privat e Individuals , are welcomed For further details write , call or phone WALBROOK

397-399 Mare Street, London, E.8

Tel: AMHerst 0814-5

Immediate decisions by phone

Surveys conducted within 7 days Letters of offer within fourteen days of application No registration fees

eager-to-be environmental engineers

, join JEFFREYS

Now you've got your eo,s and 'A's you can really going in the Jeffreys Group of Companies. If you want particulars write to the Personnel Officer and let him know your qualifications

a rchy of Eng la nd and W a les) 26 Ashley Place, London, S. W.1 Telephone: VICtoria 5122

How the ' can't eat' patient gets a proper meal

F or ten years hospitals have been giving complete nouri shment to patients who can't eat normal f ood. How? By giving them Complan.

What he needs is some nourishment to put him on his fee t, but he just can't eat : This is something we have all hea rd often enough , and it was the crux of the problem put to a Gla xo research team in 1952. Thr ee years later the y produced a food which provides the complete no urishment the body needs , and which can be taken and easily digested by people unable to eat-or with no appe tite for-ordinary food.

Over 20 nutrients This unique food was named Co mplan because it is COMplete and PL ANned.

It provides in balanced amounts all the essential protein, c arbohydrate, fat , vitamins , minerals and trace elements nece ssary to sustain life. Complan combines more than 20 ingredients in a creamy , white powder simply mixed int o an easily digested drink.

For the critically ill Complan was first used in hospitals to sustain the unconscious and critically il , and such patients have been nourished sol e ly on Complan for mo nths It proved so successful that doctors were quick to recogni se its benefits as a completely nourishing food for home use.

Back to health Today Complan is used in the home bot h during sickness and convalescence. It supplies extra nourishment at a time when people need it most , with no ex tra strain on th e digestion (Indeed , for people with sto mach troubles , Complan has a much greater " buffering" power than milk ) When loss of app etite occurs , Complan can provide a te mpting way back to normal eating as it can be flavoured to taste.

Complan aids recovery from illness whether the patient has been seriously ill or just "off colour". It is obtainable fr om chemists everywhere in cartons of 1 lb

HAVE YOU DECIDED TO BE A NURSE?

THE ROYAL BUCKINGHAMSHIRE AND ASS OCIATED HOSPITALS SCHOOL OF NURSING, AYLESBURY

NURSING

Hampden 232 & 382

ST. MARGARET'S HOSPITAL, EPPING

PRINCESS ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL, HARLOW

HONEY LANE HOSPITAL, WALTHAM ABBEY

These three hospitals are combined to fOlTIl complete nurse training schools for State Registration and State Enrolment.

Suitable candidates, men and women, who are 18 years Or over and hold the General Certificate of Education in at least two subjects , one of which must be English or History, are accepted to commence a three-year course of training for State Registration every January, June and September.

Men an d women between the age of 18 and 40 who have received a good education but who have not been successful in the General Certificate of Education and are interested in a more practical course of training can apply for the two year course for State Enrolment which commences every January, April, Jul y and October.

For further information interested candidates should write to the Director of Nursing, St. Margaret's Hospital, Epping, Essex.

provides a comprehensive, thorough training with wide pr actical ex peri ence and modern methods of education. There is a well-equipped Teaching Unit and Nurses' Library. Practical experience on the wards is undertaken at the Royal Buckinghamshire, Stoke Mandeville an d Tindal General Hospitals .It. very high percentage of uccess in examinations is achieved.

STATE REGISTRATION (three years course)

STATE ENROLMENT (two years ' course)

For illustrated brochures write to:

The Senior Matron STOKE MANDEVILLE HOSPITAL Aylesbury, Bucks. or The Matron TINDAL GENERAL HOSPITAL Aylesbury, Bucks.

Aylesbury i an expanding market town , within easy reach of London, Oxford and the Midlands

GREYHOUND CAR SERVICE

Mrs. Margaret Boothman, Superilyenden.t (N) Buckinghamshire, Mrs. M. Eden, Miss M. Gray, S.R.N., .S:G.N,;H.V., A.f:1.0. Offlc.er, Eastern Area, Surrey), judged entries in the competltio.n, St. J ohn I,,! J:i.lnzatLl:r e herd zn Oxford. The winners of the adult class were the Oxford C;zty Nurszng DzvlslOn w.zth tJ:elr entry of a '!Lodel of Queen Victoria signing the Order's Charter zn The Cadet SectIOn wznners were Banbury, who submitted six dolls depicting a RO.me Nurszng. Class. Mrs M. Eden, of Ba:npton, inspired. the competition as she has one of the fznest collections of Dolls of all NatIOns zn the country. Her collection now has a St. John and Red Cross Doll.

ST. JOHN IN MINIATURE

I wrote to our family doctor in Calcutta, Dr. Arnold Caddy, asking him if he could send me a beginner's book on first aid. His reply was prompt and informed me that he was starting a course of first aid St. John Ambulance Association lectures for the police, fire service and railway staff. He offered to send me a copy of the manual but said it would be far better if I could go to Calcutta and attend the lectures, in fact he strongly advised me to do so.

Living in a remote district with no doctor, hospital, or nurse within several hundred miles, I realised that even this comparatively limited knowledge could be of considerable value.

SOME OF MY YESTERDAYS

By MRS. N. V. W. OAKLEY, M.B.E., J.P.

My first contact with St. John was in 1901, shortly after my marriage in Calcutta. When we re turned to India after six months home leave my h usband was posted to a place called Chandpur. It was at the junction of three great rivers on which th e double decker paddle teamers , of which my h usband was agent, plied in conjunction with the new railway service between Chandpur and Chittagong.

I had been warned that the conditions would probably appear to me to be very primitive when co mpared with the luxuries of city life and that our bungalow would be made of matting and tha tch. This fact, however, did not worry me unduly, a the previous year I had had a terrifying ex perience in a disastrou earthquake, so that I fe lt afer in thi type of bungalow which would not bury us under a pile of stones should it co llapse.

What did come a rather a surprise to me wa tha t the servants, devoted to my husband for a number of years, rather re ented my presence and o it was up to me to gain their confidence.

My chance came when the cook burnt his arm badly. I dressed it with what would be looked upon in horror today However, fortunately, the burn healed remarkably well, no doubt due to na ture doing mo t of the work. This impressed the rest of the staff; they had got a memsahib who was also a healer. From then on I was inundated with all kinds of ca es and illnesses from nake bi tes to dysentry . Although this was gratifying and howed what co nfidence they had in me , it had the knack of making me feel rather nervous, a I had no knowledge of first aid or nursing, and I feared that I give a wrong .treatment, and if the patient dle?-I would certamly be held responsible and t heIr hard-earned confidence would be gone.

13

This was the first I had heard of the St. John Ambulance Association. As my husband was due to go on a tour of inspection, I was free to accept Dr. Caddy's suggestion. The journey by river and rail took two days. I attended the lectures, which I found absorbingly interesting. Having finished the classes, I gained my certificate, which I fancy must be one of the oldest in existence, so , probably, is the First Aid Book, which has a preface by Robert Bruce, Milford, Hants , 1893 , apparently a continuation to one started by Surgeon Major Peter Shepherd, who died at Asandula, 1879. (There are pictures of the first Ambulances us ed, called Ashford Litters, hand propelled, on wheels , with waterproof hoods co ting about £16)-1 wonder if anyone else has thi edition?

I returned to our River home, feeling rather more confident to cope with whatever might turn up, although I admit that the lectures also opened my eyes to the serious consequences which might result from accident or illness, and which I would now be expected to diagnose and treat. My youth and ignorance saved me from being daunted. It was difficult to instil into the minds of the patients that the same dirty dressing must not be replaced after treatment. They thought it was a waste when they aw me turn the dirty dre sings. One of the first cases that occurred soon after my return wa a very ick young Engli hman on an improvised carrying -chair borne by four coolies, who had been taken ill on the steamer.

. The Serang (Indian Captain) had told my husband he dared not take the sick man on to the next port many miles away , so the only thing he could do was to bring him over to our bungalow. He told me to disinfect my hands

Continued on Page 31

Mrs. N. V. W Oakl ey, M.B.E'T J.P

Above shows Sir Humphre y and Lady Browne in the Cloister Gardens of the Grand Priory Church after he was invested as Commander (Brother) by Lord Wakehurst. Sir Humphrey is Deputy Chairman of the National Coal Board and has done a great deal to greater interest in First Aid which is such a vital subject in this industr y

ORDER OF ST. JOHN INVESTITURE

INVESTITURE (Continued)

Mr. Fred Argyle, who is pictured on the previous page (lower left) with Miss Lyn Brown and P e. Ernest Doole, is well known throughout the St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade. He is an enthusiastic first aider, expert in the art of casualty make-up, and is also known to some few competitors as the "awkward cuss" when acting as a "bystander" during competitions Mr. Argyle joined the Metropolitan Police in 1931. In 1939 he became a Police First Aid Instructor, a capacity which he well occupied. Many hundreds of police officers have passed throu gh his hands when taking their first aid courses . He wa s admitted to the Order as a Serving Brother in 1949 and promoted to Officer (Brother) in 1958 . He has received several awards for prompt and efficient first aid In addition to hi s first aid activities in the police

force, trammg army cadets and other youth organisations, he is President and takes a very great interest in the 136 Brixton Nursing Cadet Division.

Miss Lyn Brown wa s made a Serving Sister of the Order in recognition of her services not only as a member of the Brigade, but al so a s a Welfare Officer in the Service Hospital Welfare Department. She wa s one of the fir st women to enter Belsep. during the last day s of World War ll. She ha s al so served in Suez, Nairobi, and the Far East. More recently she has been Handicraft Officer with the L.e.e.

P e. D.oole was promoted to Officer (Brother) in recognition of his services b o th to first aid in the police force and a s a member of the St. John Ambulance Bri gade . He was lar gely responsible for the formati on of the 99 Lambe th Ambulance Divi sion Mr. Doole i s al so an ex pert in casualty simulation and devotes much of hi s spare time to training competition teams and organi sing first aid classes .

Awards

Colonel W L. R Benyon, Controller Overseas, St. John Ambulance Brigade, was in v ested by Lord Wakehurst, the Lord Prior, as Commander (Brother) at a recent Investiture at the Grand Priory Church, Clerkenwell.

(Right)

J. Warburton

Warburt on

1. Warbunon

L G Cbarrett, TauntOD

Clerkenwell, but also at the O rder Services held all over the country and in N orthern Ireland. The last of these was at the Priory Church of St. Mary's in Lancaster last October.

His d uties also took him overseas where he was connected with the ceremonies d uring the official opening of the new Ophthalmic Hospital of the Order in 1960.

Readers of the "Review" will remember him for the many interesting articles whicb he has written in conjunction with Mr. Ronald Cathcart followina their official survey of the ancient properties of Order. We are glad to say that there will be f urther articles from his pen as they are in the process of producing a permanent record of all pre- Reforma tion Hospi taller properties .

During the Coronation service of H.M. Queen Elizabeth II, Captain Docwra-Rogers was one of the Gold Staff Officers, He was awarded the M.B.E. in 1956.

We feel ure that the readers of the "Review" and the many who have seen Captain Docwra-Rogers as Sword Bearer of the Order for very many years will join us in wishing him better health and all good wishes for his t.

SWORD-BEARER TO THE ORDER RETIRES

It is with great regret that we announce the retirement of Captain Docwra-Rogers (who first carried the Sword of the Order in 1925) owing to ill -health. (

Captain Docwra-Rogers was appointed as personal Esquire to the late Marquis of Carisbrooke, K.C.V.O., in February, 1924. His first ceremonial duty was to act as one of eight ushers at an Investiture held at Buckingham Palace in June, 1924. From 1926 to 1932 he was Esquire in Waiting- to the late Grand Prior, H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught. He rose through the various grades of the Order, being promoted to a Knight in 1941. During the Centenary celebrations of the revival of the Order in England in 1931 he took part as Senior Usher of the Order on every ceremonial occasion, including Westminster Abbey, conducting a party to Stratford-on-Avon, a visit to Eton and the Tower of London.

He was chairman of the St. John Council for Dorset 1946-51, when he left the County for Hampshire, where he is still a member of the CouNcil.

Captain Docwra-Rogers will not only be remembered by the many thousands of people who have received their Insignia at 'ceremonies held in 16

Following the retirement of Capt. J. Docwra-Rogers, (l to 1') Lt.-Col. W. W Dove, C.BB , T.D , D.L., F.S.A., well-known as Cross Bear e r of the Order of St. John has taken over the dutie s of Sword Bearer. Lt.-Col. E. Remington Hobbs O.BE ., S.S O. , is now the Cross Bearer.

Pi c tur es show the Commemo rati ve Medal issued to mark {h e 400th Anniversary of the founding of th e city of Va/etta, Malta,

MALTA

FOUNDATION OF THE CITY OF VALLETTA COMMEMORATION MEDAL

In M a rch , four hundred years ago, Grand Ma ter Jean Pari so t de La Valette, de scribed b y Sir Harry Luke, Bailiff of Eg le , as " The Inspired Leader of one of the Great Defensive Action in History and Builder of one of E ur ope Loveliest C iti es ' laid the foundation stone in Malta of the new city whi ch command the entrance to the two main harbour and be a r the name "Vallett a. '

To mark the fourth centenary of the event, and to render further h omage to a great leader while rai sing funds for a truly humane cau e, the Malte e As ociation of the Knights of Malta are minting an artistic Commemorative Medal illustrated on thi page The number of piece minted will be limited to 20,000, after which the dies will be de tr oyed in the presence of a N ota ry and a Repre entative of the Malte e A ociation. Thi i being done so as to give greater numi matic value to the Medal.

The Medal is of Gold Fines e 900 / 1000, weighs 15 grammes and has a diameter of 30 mm. The distribution is being made by the Numismatica Universal of Chiasso, Switzerland; each Medal is 17

enclosed in a ver y attractive case. The contribution for each Med a l is 28 dollars , and includes packing, postage and insurance.

The proceed will be dev oted to the setting up of a Bl ood B ank in Malta, the first of its kind on the Island, and to other essential charitable works.

The member of the Maltese A ociation of the Knights of M alta also look to their Confreres of the Mo t Venerable Order of St. J ohn in Great Britain and the Commonwealth t o add their upport in establishing a Blood Bank on the Island of Malt a- the home of the Knights for ne arl y 300 year.

It is h oped a m ong the member of the Maltese A ociatio n of Knight, th a t the appeal to contribute to their charitable aims, by acquiring one of the especial commemorative Medals , will receive a generous resp onse

Reserva tion for the Medal will be made on application to The Sovereign and Milita r y Order of Malta , Malte e As ociation, 196 St. Ursola Street, Valletta, Malta. The lists are now open.

J. Gardiner , Bourneroouth

Captain J. D ocwra-Rogers, M. B .E.

MEDICAL BRANCH (RATINGS) ROYAL NAVY

. The jungle of Borneo, the flight deck of an aircraft carrier, nuclear submarines and guided missile destroyers were not places envisaged by the 1883 committee, under the Chairmanship of RearAdmiral Sii A. H. Hoskins, K.C.B., which investigated and subsequently recommended that a trained Sick Berth Staff be formed for service in the Royal Navy. But over the last eighty years changes in the organisation and the of the Sick Berth Branch have kept pace wIth the great changes which have taken place in Naval service and life so that the Medical Branch as a whole has always been able t.o maintain an efficient and dependable health service .to the Fleet. Prior to this time the sick had been cared for at sea by so-called "male nurses" who were almost entirely men without any previous training or any special fitness for nursing. They were mostly seamen or marine pensioners from the ranks of the unemployed in Naval Ports.

In the Naval Hospitals ashore most of the nursing was done by women, who again were in no way qualified or proficient, and in 1854, with a 18

view to welding together the systems of nursing afloat and ashore, the women-with a few exceptions-were replaced by men.

Following the recommendations of the Hoskins Committee in 1883, boys at the age of 17 were given 18 months training at the R.N. Hospital, Haslar. The training included instruction in anatomy, first aid, dispensing and sick room cookery, as well as practical nursing training.

The career structure of the Sick Berth Branch was similar to that already adopted for ship's steward, and the ranks of Sick Berth Steward, Sick Berth 2nd Class and Sick Berth Steward 1st Class were introduced.

In the 1920's the term of Berth Steward was dropped and the rates of Sick Berth Attendant, Leading Sick Berth Attendant, Sick Berth Petty Officer and Sick Berth Chief Petty Officer were instituted, and these have remained until November 20,1965.

During these important years in medicine the Navy has kept abreast of the latest and techniques, so that men of the SIck Berth

Branch had been trained as radiographers, physiotherapists, health inspectors and laboratory technicians. Many of them had also become State Registered Nurses and Registered Mental Nurses. Thus in 1965 the way was prepared for one of the most important changes which the Branch has known with the introduction of a new career structure and a change of name to Medical Branch. The Medical Branch ratings are now either Medical Technicians or Medical Assistants.

MEDICAL TECHNICIANS

Medical Technicians are ratings who are fully trained specialists. Any young man, with the necessary educational qualifications, can now join the Navy and, after some five months' general training, spend three years doing his specialist training, at the end of which he will obtain the qualification of the relevant civil professional body. At this stage of his career he will become a Medical Technician, and four years later, he will become a Medical Technician 1st Class (Chief Petty Officer). Further advancement to Chief Medical Technician will be by seniority and examination. During the whole of his career the Medical Technician will have the opportunity to obtain higher civilian qualifications.

l\olEDICAL ASSIST ANTS

Medical Assistants will be ratings who will not be required to obtain civil professional qualifications. They will, however , be trained in particular facets of the work in the Medical Branch. After five months general training, which together with the Medical Technicians , Medical Assistants will sub-specialise for ervice with the Fleet, Fleet Air Arm or Royal Marine Commandoes, by completing an additional 32-week course. Advancement, by examination and seniority, to Leading Medical Assistant, Petty Officer Medical Assistant and Chief Petty Officer Medical Assistant, is within the ability of all Medical Assistants who in the course of their career may elect to receive further training to qualify as Operating Theatre Assistant, Ophthalmic Nurse, Dental Assistant, E.E.G. or

E.C.G. recordist, Venereologist Assistant or Secretarial Assistant. At all times in his career a Medical Assistant can, on obtaining the necessary educational qualifications, be selected for transfer to Medical Technician.

PROMOTION

Promotion to commissioned officer is Gpen to all Medical Technicians and Medical Assistants. Starting as a Ward master Sub-Lieutenant the rank of Wardmaster Commander can be reached, the rate of advancement depending on seniority and selection.

Until they reach the rating of Petty Officer, both Technician and Assistant wear bell-bottomed trousers and fitted jumper-"square rig." Above the rate of Petty Officer, all Medical Branch ratings wear a peaked-cap and collar and tie-" fore-andaft rig." In all cases, ratings wear the Branch distinguishing badge of the Geneva Red Cross in a circle.

For both Medical Technicians and Medical A ssistants the Navy gives a wide variety of appointments. In the course of his service a man may serve at a Naval Hospital, at Home or Abroad; there are hospitals in Portsmouth, Plymouth, Malta, Gibraltar and Mauritius. He may be drafted to one of the Sick Bays to be found in all Naval and Royal Marine shore establishments. He may find himself at sea in anyone of the various classes of ship, or, if he volunteers, in a nuclear submarine. Above all, he will find himself as one of a team alongside Medical Officers and the Nur ing Officer and Nurses of the Queen Alexandra's R oyal Naval Nursing Service, all of whom are ensuriilg that the Royal Navy remains at all times in full health to carry out all the dutie which a maritime nation calls upon it to do. It is certain that Admiral H oskins would indeed be most heartened if he were to see the Medical Technicians and Medical Assistants of the modern Navy playing their full part in serving their nation in a modern wo rld.

BRITISH RAILWAYS, LONDON TRANSPORT (RAILWAYS) AND BRITISH TRANSPORT DOCKS-BRITISH TRANSPORT POLICE NATIONAL FIRST AID COMPETITIONS, 1966

MEN-Inter-Railway Shield (Championship): London Midland Region (Camden) , 320 mark .

Corbet Fletcher Cup (runners-up): Southern Region (Eastboume) 319 t mark . -

WOMEN-Burrows Rose Bowl (Championship): Scottish Region (Gla gow) 332 marks .

POLICE-Sir Bertram Ford Shield (Championship): Southern Area (Southampton), 303 mark.

Chief of Police Cup (runners-up): London Midland Area (Heysham), 300+ marks.

Sir Philip Southwell (Director-General of the St. John Ambulance Association) presided . Challenge Trophies the individual plaques were presented by Mr. Maurice Holmes (Chairman, London Transport Board).

19

Royal Navy Medical Branch Helicopter.

LETTER OF COMMENDATION for First Class First Aid. Cadet Michael Arthur Cobbs of the Colchester (A.C.) Division received a letter of commendation from th e Commissioner-in-Chief for giving tirst aid to an elderly lady who received severe head injuries, following a car accident on January 13, 1966. Unfortunately the lady concerned died some days later as a result of her injuries, but the high standard of aid rendered by Michael ensured that she had the best possible chance of recovery. The photograph above shows the incident.

Mrs. Geoffrey Luttrell (centre) County Pr esident (Some rset), who presented the jubilee Certif icate to Mrs. M. J. Turner (Div. Supt.) seated left. With them are Mrs. E. Miller-Barstow (Div. Pr esid en t), Miss E. M. Bru ce-Steer (County Supt.) and the D eputy Mayor, Mr. R W. Thomas. On e of th e highlights of the ce leb rati o n was a visit from Dr. Dingley, Commissioner for Sabah, who present ed a Blow Pip e from B orneo as a Coun ty Competition Trophy from the Brigade Units in Sabah. The Jubilee Cake \Vas made by students from the Technical Centre.

Golden J ubilee of the East Cleveland Division. Mr. J. F. Cuthbert, Supt. of the East Cleveland Division S.J.A.B. (second right) receiving the Division's Golden Jubilee Certificate from Sir Leonard Ropner, Commissioner, North Riding, at a celebration dinner at the Bunch of Grapes Inn, Scaling. Looking on are M r P R edway (second l eft). Assistant Managing D irector of the Skinningrove Iron Co , Ltd., who presented the awards, and Mr. N. Lancsbery (right) Chairm an of Loftus Urban Council.

Pi ctur e shows four m e mb e rs of th e Folkestone Nursing Cadet Di vision with th eir Grand Pri o r. Badges presented by th e Commissioner-in-Chief at th e CO IIl'lty R eview in Maidstone. (I O r) S ISgt. A lisol7 Taylor, aged 15 , CICpl. Sandra Blackman , aged 15 CILdr. R ose mar y Ballard , aged 17 Cadet R osema ry Atter, aged 17.

Colchester Express

FolkesLOoe Herald and Gazette

WeslOo-Super-Mare Mercury

OPHTHALMIC HOSPITAL PORTRAIT GALLERY

lso pla y s an imp o rt ant rol e as a sol v er of prob l e m s, b o th g r e at and small

SE lOR THEA TRE ORDERLY , H assan Abuteen. He h as r ece ntl y been to L ondon fo r tr aining in anaest h etics.

THE WARDEN, A. J. Boase, O.B.E , F.R.C.S., is known to the staff as Abuel Ayoon-the "Father of Eyes. " He came to the St. John Ophthalmic Hospital in 1956 after long years of experience in East Africa, where eye-diseases are as tragically pre v alent as in the Middle East.

THE SUB-WARDEN, Dr. Khalil Budiere, is the " old est inhabitani" in terms of service. He has been with the Order for 32 years. '

OPHTHALMIC NURSE L o rett e Na f ar was o n e of th e f i rs l gr o up t o train. at th e h os pit a l. Sin ce 1960 th e S c h oo l of N llr sin g ha s had an annual intak e of eig ht 'girls and boys fo r th e 2 -ye ar co ur se.

St. John Ophthalmic Hospital Appeal has received a generous donation of £10,000 from the Ruler of Abu-Dhabi.

S e ni o r Ord e rl y M o lwm m ed Ah' l71 ed i s the Rock of Ages of th e Clinic, wh e r e his s kil f ul hands and r e assuring pr ese nc e hav e br o u g ht co m f ort to innum e rable patients f or O1 'e r 30 yea rs

The Headquarter's Officer, Miss Sonia Yighiayian, reported a very successful year in 1965, particularly in the field of training, where, for the first time ever, First Aid Courses were given to

ST. JOHN

VERSEAS

pupils of a Blind School. (See pictures below). Two patients from Cyprus had their fares paid to go to the Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem as a result of street collections. These funds al 0 paid

the fares of two Bri ga de mem ber t o England to tudy nUI ing.

Dr. Pan o, ounty Director S .J .A.A. and Com-

ml ss lOner S.J .A.B. for Cyprus , paid high tribute in his report not only to the vast amount of work done by Miss Sonia Yighiayian but also to the many voluntary helpers who supported her.

daging.

SUSSEX DIVISIONAL SUPERINTENDENT VISITS TANZANIA

Picture shows Mrs. W. L. Johnson, Di v. Supt. (Goring N.C. Division, Sussex), meeting members of the UHURU N.C. Division accompanied by their Superintendent Mrs. Karamuwa. During her visit to Tan zania, with her daughter, Mrs. Johnson also visited the New Muhimbili Hospital which is one of the most modern in Africa, specialising particularly in the treatment of burns for a ve ry large number of the children who require treatment. The maternity section also gives instruction to mothers in gene ral hygiene and child care. Mrs. Johnson also met Chief Mang'enya, the Chairman of St. John Council and Mr. M. L. Bakunam e who has recently taken over as District Commissioner.

FIRST AID CLASSES IN KENYA

C-IN-C IN SINGAPORE

R ear-Admi ral Ro ye r Dick, Commissioner-in-Chief, visited a Singapore centre of the S.J.A.A. Picture shows the C.-in-C. with Mr. Chua Joan, S.B.St J. Stores Manager (centre), on his left Mr. Tan Siew Bu c k, Asst. Stores Manager.

A VISIT TO SOUTH AUSTRALIA

by E. A. Morrison

their first aid seriously.

(On left)

Miss Gwen Hiskens, S.R.N., taking the class in bandaging. Last year Miss Hiskens went out to Kenya to stay with a friend who is Headmi st ress of the Liigulu Girls High School, near Broderick Falls. The gi rls were anxious to sta rt First A id, and Miss Hiskens s tart ed a class. The school is ve ry short of mone y and the Kenya Centre of the S.J.A.A. and Headquarters in London helped with First Aid Manuals, bandages, splints, etc. A St. John Club has been formed and when the girls have gained their first First Aid Certificates, it is hoped that a Nursing Cadet Di v ision will be starled. Letters from the Kenyan girls were passed on to Divisions in London, Bucks, Surrey and Oxfordshire, and we understand that quite a correspondence has begun between U.K. Cadets and the girls at Liigulu school. (Abo ve ) Groups of the gi rls with Miss Barbara Copeland, S.R.N., S.C.M., the St. John Officer at Kisumu, giving a demonstration of mouth-to -mouth resuscitation and cardiac m assage on the "Resusci-Anne."

During a visit to Australia in 1965 I was able to see something of the work of the Order of St. John, mainly in South Australia, due to the kindness of the Chairman of the Council, Sir Edward Hayward, and the Brigade Commissioner, Dr. J M. Pedler.

The administrative Centre in Adelaide was visited where the Manager, Mr. P. L. Ferrier, kindly produced some interesting photographs and statistics of the Order's work in South Australia. Some of them are reproduced here.

There are the usual Association and Brigade Ambulance Centres, similar to those in this country, amounting to some 100 in n\lmber, and the whole of the Ambulance Service throughout the State is run under contract with the State Government.

Some of the a mbulances were of interesting design, especially those fitted with removable bodies and those for transporting disabled people.

With the large distances involved, the maintenance of the motor vehicles is a major consideration and it is carried o ut from a large Centre on the ou tskirts of Adelaide. The total mileage covered in 1964 was nearly a million, and trips of several hundred miles are looked upon as a matter of routine. For example, members of the Port Augusta Divi sion provide first aid cover for Kingoonya Races, a round trip of between 500 and 600 miles.

Administration is a fairly formidable problem when the total area of South Australia alone is 380,000 square miles, although it must also be

Kenya school gi rls take

A ustralian Fleet of Amblllances.

Whee l chair bus.

Driao-SmithsoD 27

Dri a n-Smithsoo

The following brief statistics give some idea of the scope of the work done in 1963 in South Australia:Number of Divi sions

Total Strength ........ . Casualties t rea ted other than Ambulance ...... . .......... . Metropolitan Ambulance Cases

Country Ambulance Cases

First Aid Certificates of all types issued

2,450

inferior of w heel chair bus.

appreciated that some 70 per cent of the 11 t million population of Australia is located within the immediate vicinity of the five mainland State capitals, all of which are separated from each other by at least 450 miles and a great deal more in the case of Perth in Western Australia.

I went on one particularly interesting trip to see the laying of the foundation stones of two new Centres at Port Pirie and Whyalla.

The Commissioner's party left Adelaide by air taxi and flew into Port Pirie to see the Mayor officiate at the ceremony; afterwards we lunched with St. John members before flying on across the Spencer Gulf to Whyalla. This steel and shipbuilding town of great industrial potential has expanded from very little to a population of about 15,000 in the last five or so years. Modern steel rolling mills have just been completed within some 10 miles of iron ore mines, and ships of up to 45,000 tons can now be built there The water supply is

all piped mainly above ground for 223 miles from Morgan on the River Murray.

We were able to see something of the town before going to the laying of the foundation stone by His Excellency the Governor in the late afternoon, after he had opened a new Technical College.

Both these St. John buildings were of similar design on one floor with excellent first aid facilities, ambulance garaging, and residential accommodation. There was a smart parade of local St. John Ambulance Brigade personnel at both places as can be seen from the ph otographs.

The flight back to Adelaide was particularly lovely 'a t the end of a perfect very hot summer' day and we touched down well before dark, having covered a total of some 300 miles by air.

The estimated strength of the whole of the Brigade in Australia at the end of 1962 was 578 Divisions with personnel of 12,516, and 33,581 Certificates were iss ued.

St. John H.Q. Whyalla. 28

T elegraph & Argus, Bradford

Members of the Bradford Telephone Exchange Ci v il Defence Corps are seen with Mr. J. D ixon, Bradford A rea tel e phone manager, who presented them with their St. John Ambulance Association ce rtifi ca tes.

NE.W N.H.S.R. UNIFORM

Picture shows the new National Hospital Service Reserve Coat Frock UnifOrm for Women Nursing Auxiliaries. The introduction of this uniform will be gradual, but it has been available from April 1 to all new members. The St. John Ambulance Brigade and British Red Cross Society members of the Reserve will continue to wear their own approved uniform. Auxiliaries enrolled by the Brigade will wear a white belt, and those enrolled by the Red Cross a dark blue one, over their coat frocks.

PICKING UP THE PIECES

A busy time for the Carlisle Division, Cumbs. and Westmorland County, during a performance given by the Rolling ,Stones. The foyer of the theatre was turned into a temporary first aid post to deal with a constant stream of hysterical girls. The team of eight nurses and two ambulance men had their work cut out in the foyer while a further 15 members coped with "emergency" cases in the auditorium. Border Press Agency

(Continued from page 13)

before and after going into the sick man's room, and to see our servants did the same, and to give the patient as much water as he would drink. At first I did not quite grasp the reason for all this, but later learnt that John had feared cholera. During . the next few days we gave him sips of Bovril laced with a few drops of brandy. Fortunately the young ma..n started to improve, but it was some time before he could be pu t on the steamer going to Haraingunge where he could convalesce under medical supervision.

By now I had two children and until we left them in England for good I had no time to attend lectures, so that it was not until the beginning of the First World War that I joined the St. John Ambulance Nursing Division.

Hospital Duties

One of our duties was in the out patients of an Indian Hospital.

In those days many of the patients were suspicious and literally terrified of hospitals, and only came to them as a last resort. So many of the tragic cases were children, this was almost more than I could bear. They were so amazingly brave, but so many died because they came too late.

Together with other St. John members I worked in the Presidency General Hospital, where the patients were multi-racial. The war going badly in the Middle East, the Bombay hospitals were full, so those ready to convalesce were sent to Calcutta, where the climate in the cold weather is ideal.

A rich A,rmenian gave his house, which could accommodate one hundred men at a time. Money flowed in from merchant firms so that we were able to get all the equipment required, beds, sheets, crockery, cooking utensils, etc. Mrs. Cottle, our Divisional Superintendent, was Commandant, while Mrs. Gisard and I were to be joint secretary and treasurer. A committee of doctors gave their services free and an S.R.N. as Matron. Many of the cases were suffering from beri-beri, so an American doctor set up an electric machine which, with the right diet, restored most of them to normal health. We had a visit one day from the Commander-in-Chief. He made a very thorough inspection of everything, even the kitchens, and asked to see the menus. Having examined them with a raised eyebrow, he turned to Mrs. Cottle saying "Who is paying for all this?" prepared to criticise our extravagance with public money, being under the impression that we were getting a Government grant towards the cost. He was very surprised when he learnt it was being paid for by the merchant firms of Calcutta, and this entirely changed his manner and he finally congratulated Mrs. Cottle and the voluntary staff.

We carried on for three winters; by then other arrangements were made for the men to convalesce

near Bombay because of the cost of bringing them to Calcutta.

The Red Cross's role was entirely different; they made an excellent job of collecting money, buying equipment and sending comforts to the troops. After the convalescent home closed we did not wish to disband the splendid Brigade volunteers, so we decided to organise child welfare centres in the worst of the slum areas of Calcutta.

We boiled milk for the children, but it had to be drunk on the premises, otherwise the mothers took it home, where they would probably dilute it with water from the gutter to make it go further.

The babies were weighed, and washed by having water poured over them while they sat on stools. Indians consider it quite wrong to sit in a bath of "stagnant water."

I was asked to organise a Child Welfare Exhibition in the Eden Gardens, Calcutta. We set out a child welfare centre, a one storeyed dolls' house open all round, "staffed" by dolls dressed in St. John and Red Cross uniforms; the babies were little celluloid dolls painted a pale chocolate colour. It was eventually packed and sent to England, ending up at the Child Welfare Headquarters in Piccadilly.

This was my last effort in India. We retired for good in 1924.

For personal reasons, after we returned home, I resigned but rejoined a local Nursing Division in 1938, since when I have been deep in it in the Cornish parish of St. Minver, where I am still living.

I was asked to become County Officer for East Cornwall and I accepted although I knew it was not going to be easy for me, because regulations, training, uniform, in fact everything was entirely different from what I had been used to in India. But I was lucky in finding a guide, and friend, in Mr. Landry, Assistant Commissioner. I feel sure I should have made some terrible mistakes if it had not been for him. I am sorry to say that he died recently at the age of 94.

World War II

War was imminent and we set about making preparations. We became members of the W.V.S. as well as the St. John, as the two organisation would supplement each other. We held a meeting, at which all parts of the Parish were represented. There were four districts: St. Minver Church Town, Polzeath, Rock and Trebetherick. Being so cattered, it was not an easy parish to organise. Our activities were many and varied. Some of them were in conjunction with the Red Cross , such as the hospital supply depot; for which we were lent a house in Rock rent free. It was here that I first met the two Princes es-Princess Chula Chakrabongse and Princess Bira. They were a great asset -to all our war efforts. Living in a furnished house in Rock, they were quite close to (Continued on page 40)

31

The comfortable Drawing Room and Television Lounge open to residents and v

YOUR CLUB

In an elegant house in Belgiavia within easy reach of London's finest transport facilities-Your Club-St. John House. The membership at present is some 2,000, representative of the Foundations of the Order, as well as people from kindred organisations, among ,whom it is already a well established popular social and residential centre. In order to maintain the facilities already available and to plan for the future, it is imperative to increase the membership, and the immediate aim is to bring the total to 2,500 as soon as possible. .

Perhaps it is not widely enough known that ill addition to providing the normal club facilitie it is possible to hire rooms for a very moderate charge for small private meetings, receptions and dinner parties. There is, of course, a licensed bar and a television room in addition to the spacious first floor drawing room. Perhaps the residential accommodation is a little limited- nine comfortable bedrooms, which means booking well in advance.

Full membership, open to any person connected with any branch of the Order, the Association or th e Brigade. Annual subscription £1 in the United Kin gdom. The subscription for as ociate members , which include the relatives of the full member, is £2 per annum. Membership from overseas ; the co nditions for full membership are the same as a bove at 15s. per annum and a ssociate overseas members 25s. per annum.

Make St. John House your Club- the place where you meet yo ur friend Why not fill in the co upon on the right, now ?

EDITORIAL ANNOUNCEMENT

We regret to inform you that at the time of writing the Editor i ill- 0 any complaints to the P R O. please (Acting Inexperienced Assistant E ditor) . As A.LA.E ., may I say that letter , howev er irate , controver sial or complimentary, are a lways welcome . We hope to get the magazine b ack on time in July , thanks to the printers and many other willing helpers, including our adverti sing agents, Johnston Engraving, and subscribers.

HEA THER RICHARDS , P.R.O -A.I.A.E.

For details of the House and Membership, please complete and return this coupon to THE 'VARDEN, ST. JOHN HOUSE , 50 EATON PLACE, LONDON, S.W.I. (BELgravia 2732).

Name

"Priory Room" at St John House is ideal for Members ' privat e functions. 32

isitors.

Three sisters of the Pegg family, who live at 97 Mill Lane , Earl Shilton- Linday and Hazel, who are 13-year-old twins , and Denise (11), are cadet members: twins Diane and Elaine , who are both nine and Shirley (8) are St. John Juniors and looking forward to joining their sisters when they are old enough.

AROUND AND

Ten sisters from two families-all members of the Earl Shilton St. John Nursing Cadet attended the annual inspection of St. John Ambulance Brigade members in the Western Area of Leicestershire, held in the Bath Grounds , Ashby-dela-Zouch.

The four sisters of the Blower family of 10 Avenue North, Earl Shilton, are Teresa (15!), Margaret (12) , Christine (11), and Josephine, who is 10 and has just joined the cadets .

The parade was in spected by the County Commissioner, Mr. L. Lee, accompanied by Lady H e len B err y (County President). Mr. H. N. Bream (President of , the local St. John C 0 u n c i 1) and senior officers of the County Staff.

Members of t he A rt h ur Fa ire Nursing Divisio n outside th e mobile firs t aid unit wi th three of some 30 0 members of British Polio Fellowship who attended thei r Eas t Midlands Area R ally held at Hamilton High Schoo l , Keyham Lane , Sc rap t of, n ear Leicester. The R ally, organised by t he Leices t ers hir e and district branch of t he Fellowship, was attended by membe rs from Nottingham, Mansfield, Camb ridge, Kettering, Peterbo rough and Leices t er. Severa l other volun teers on duty were members of the P ark V al e Ambu l ance Division, and Rove rs and Senio rs f ro m th e No.8 tr oops of t he Lei ce st e r dist ric t B oy Scouts Association who also org an ise d a very successf ul af t ern o on o f sporting events. M usic w as played by t he H um berst o n Silve r B and. T h e occ asion inclu d ed th e pr esenta t i o n of prizes f o r hand icraft b y th e the n Ma yo r a n d L ad y May or ess, A lde rman and M rs S W. Bridges

Cheltenham Newspapers

LOOKING BACK

HISTORICAL PICTURES WANTED

There is a con tant world-wide demand for illustrations of St. John uniforms through the ages. Once again, we appeal to readers to send us photographs of historical merit, particularly between the two wars. Unfortunately, owing to the blitz, both German and otherwise, our records are sad ly lacking. We realise that these photographs are very precious and therefore we ask that they be sent to this office by registered post. We will have them copied and will return the originals as soon as possible.

Please caption photographs on a separate piece of paper so that we know "who, what, when and where."

Pict ure shows the v ery attracti ve Brigade top cape uniform and outdoor bonnet.

A particularly interesting point of this photograph is the First Aid pack attached to the lady officer' s waist belt.

The Brigade started in New Zealand with the formation of the Dunedin Ambulance Division in 1892. Its first Divisional Superintendent was Miss Mearns. This division also has the distinction of being the first one to be founded overseas.

Two years later the first nursing division was formed, but it was not until 1927 that the first cadet division came into being.

Brigade activities in Epsom started off some time in the 1920's, this time the nurses preceding the Ambulance Division. Evelyn Firth, who ran a convalescent home after the First World War, was given the old Epsom Fire Brigade building as a Headquarters for her new Nursing Division. This Division flourished until the depression and then gradually dwindled away to a mere half dozen members.

The Epsom Ambulance Division, Auckland, was founded on October 8, 1930, and the number of members has averaged 20 up to today.

In 1931, the average hours of voluntary service put in per member totalled 40, and this has gradually gone up until in 1963 the average was 260 hours per member, making a total of 3,850 hours, involving treating an average of some 2,000 cases.

Our regular duties include five Rugby Grou?ds, three League Grounds (or pitches), two First Aid Stations on Rangitoto Island, one Swimming Pool

THE EPSOM AMBULANCE DIVISION

AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND

By NOEL BRADY

and duties at the Races, Ice Rink and Speedway Track. The duties at Rangitoto Island involve a trip by boat lasting between half an hour to one hour. The First Aid station facilities also include those for members to stay overnight or longer. In addition to the tourists there are settlements for elderly people who live on the Island all the year round. Should a serious accident, such as a fractured limb have to be treated, the people on duty after giving First Aid have to call out the Police Boat to take the casualty to hospital.

During the Second World War 29 members from the Epsom Division served in the Forces, all of whom returned at the cessation of hostilities. We have had to shift our Headquarters twice. The first move was from the Fire Station site in Manakan Road to Kipling Avenue, Epsom, where the old building was enlarged and modernised at a cost of £600. A further shift was to Manakua Road (the present site) with further improvements to the Building.

In 1954 a disastrous fire occurred, when the Hall was hired out, which completely gutted it. It took about 18 months to rebuild and the present day Hall is valued at about £2,500.

The Division also owns a Mobile Unit valued at £1,000, a 16mm. sound pr.ojector and fosters a Social Club which is a Corporate Body, has several hundred pounds worth of assets , including indoor bowls, table tennis, etc.

Three-quarters of the Epsom Ambulance Division membership is made up mainly of ex-Cadets, the remainder are those who joined later like myself. It is a young Division, the ages ranging from about 16-26, excluding the officers.

Our Cadet Division is perhaps the backbone of the Division with about 38 Cadets whom we can count on in regard to Public Duties and with any other help we need.

With regard to myself, as I write I am reaching the last three months of a working holiday. During the first nine months I was in England I went as far as Newcastle-upon-Tyne in the north. I have also visited Southport and have been some time at Lancaster, where I attended a Conference of st. John Ambulance Brigade and was attached to the Lancaster Ambulance Division.

THE TUFTY CLUB .

The First Aid Organisations have been acknowledged as the second line of defence in the prevention of accidents and in saving life should an accident happen. We therefore work in very close co-operation with RoSP A in all their activities and we have pleasure in giving publicity to the Children's Road Safety scheme called the Tufty Club.

To help solve the problem of road accidents to very young children the Tufty Club was started by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA) in December 1961. The main responsibility for the road safety of these children rests, of course, with parents and guardians, and the object of the Club is to help them in this task.

Tufty-the squirrel who knows his kerb drill-is now established as the road safety symbol for little children and he has become a much-loved national character.

For an enrolment fee of 2s. 6d., each child receives a Tufty Club badge and an , attractively illustrated Tufty Book which contains 12 road safety stories.

Most children want to hear or read the stories over and over again and they identify themselves with the adventures so well that Tufty becomes an important part of their daily lives. And Tufty'S word is law.

There is a second Tufty book and others will follow.

In many areas, local Tufty Clubs have also been formed to provide facilities for young children to get together for group road safety lessons.

Membership of the National Club is increasing aJ the rate of approximately 1,000 a week and over 420,000 children have now been enrolled.

The best hope for safe roads in the future probably lies in the installation of correct attitudes in the very young now and it is of paramount importance to spread a knowledge of the Club as widely as possible.

The Club was originally started for the underfives, but it was found to have such a wide appeal that children are now enrolled up to six and seven -and even older on special req uest.

Children can be enrolled either through local council offices or RaSP A, 52 Grosvenor Gardens, London, S.W.l.

INVESTITURE PHOTOGRAPHS

DON'T DELAY-QRDER TODAY!

INVESTITURE PHOTOGRAPHS MUST BE ORDERED IN ADVANCE.

Photographers attending Investitures represent the local press. The 'cost of commissioning a photograph is £1 and anyone wishing to be photographed should as soon as possible

1 Send a written request to the Press Office , 10 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S W.I.

2 . With their name and address.

3 Enclosing a cheque or postal order for £1 made ou t to the Order of St. John

4 Provide a few biographical details

Epsom Ambulance DiviSion - continued

From Lancaster I travelled through the Lake District to Penrith where I spent the night and in the morning continued to Newcastle-upon-Tyne where I had a month doing odd duty and attending Parades. I then left for Yorkshire and en route I had an enjoyable weekend at Murton, County Durham, with a St. John Officer.

My next stay was at Bradford, again doing Duties and Parades and, while there, I went to a Nursing Conference at Harrogate which I enjoyed very much. I left Bradford for Bristol via Manchester, Shrewsbury, Kidderminster, Worcester, Stratford-upon-Avon. While in Bristol I was a ttached to Kingswood Division.

While in the different centres I toured the surrounding countryside, seeing things of interest as well as the Divisions of St. John.

I hope that this letter will be accepted for the "Review" and, if possible, I will write another before leaving England.

39

POSTAL

SUBSCRIPTION FORM

To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John, 10 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I.

Please supply / renew ST. JOHN REVIEW

commencing with the ................. ....... .. ...................... issue

1 enclose 17/ - for 1 year

Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John.

MI' Noel Brady, Epsom Ambulance Division, Auckland, New

(Continued from page 31)

the hospital supply depot, so they were able to give several days a week to help. My sister, Mrs Stokes;, took charge of, and made an excellent job of the Penny-a-Week Fund; the money was used for sending parcels of food, books and other comforts to the prisoners of war. We had an exhibition parcel, so that those who gave could see how the money was spent. Many people felt, "What's the use, they will never get them," so that when we eventually received acknowledgements we immediately published them.

Being an isolated parish, it was classed as a fairly safe area for evacuees". As Billeting Officers , we visited every house in Rock, Trebetherick, St. Minver and Polzeath. Those who could take children, but refused to, had to pay a share of a furnished house, in which we could put ten children with a foster mother in charge. This worked very well, for we were lucky in our foster mothers.

Temporary rest houses had to be prepared to provide homes for people bombed out of their own houses. Two St. John members would be allocated for first aid duties, while the W .V.S. fed them. A sick bay was set up for evacuees. My own house was among several used as first aid centres for casualties. We were lucky , for none of these dire events ever happened

By and large, I think making money for war efforts, and taking evacuees, were the two most important and most successful contributions that were made by the parish. Being in charge of both, I had my hands full, but the success was definitely due to the many local and willing people who joined the voluntary organisations .

My own garden happened to be very suitable for fetes and I held one practically every year.

As everyone will remember , at the beginning we had a few months respite during "the phoney war." We began to think that nothing was going to happen, but we had to be ready for it if it did. Then, quite suddenly, everything seemed to happen at once. Germany invaded Norway, and although we were convinced that the Germans had put their head in a noose, we were asked to collect warm thinking there might be many who would WIsh to get away from the fighting. The ' Il:umerous bags that we collected arrived just in tIme for the thousands of refugees fleeing from the victorious Germany army.

Then carne the amazing story of Dunkirk, when we were flooded with "Free Frenchmen."

The First Evacuees

on this little island we worked harder than we had ever done in our lives before. In our remote parish, we hurriedly checked aU our billets and 'arranged a fleet of cars to transport evacuees to the Rock Institute. The children were brought in by the schoolteachers in charge. Those waiting in the inner room were given tea and biscuits by the W.V.S., while we waited in the other room to check them in and then to take them to new home s. What a pathetic little crowd they looked , as they streamed out of the bus that had brought them, each with a very small suitcase-a gas mask, and a label, with their name and home address, tied round their necks.

I had a problem with the very first one who came through that little door. She was a piccaninny. The teacher whispered to me not to send her back to the waiting room , as she was very nervous. The little girl had very large, sad eyes. She was so obviously frightened. I had an empty chair beside me, and making her sit down, I put my arm tound her saying, "I'm sen din g you to a very nice R-ome, where I know you will be very happy. This lady will take you to a car, where you will wait until it is full with other children going in the same direction." She gave me a beamin g smi le obviously very much relieved.

Later that evening, I had two calls from friend asking if I had got a nice billet for the piccaninny, otherwise they would be only too glad to have her.

I telephoned Mrs. Oliver , to whom I had ent her, getting the reply, "I would not change her for anything in the world," and there she remained for the duration of the war. Later, I heard her history. Her parents had been in show busines , and had been killed in a car accident. Since then she had been pu shed about from pillar to post.

I felt deeply grateful to Mrs. Oliver, knowing that the child would at least be happy for a few years. She was particularly bright , and was soon top of her class in one of the first new schools we opened .

Acting on the principle that I would never ask anyone to do anything that I would not do myself, I took two little girls horne with me. One stayed a long time. The other was taken horne by her parents who had corne down to see her. They thought that it was the most gha stly place that they had ever been in. (The child had been perfectly happy until the parents arrived on the scene). However, ' regardless of the child's safety, they took her back with them .

Now I had to look for another child and heard of one little girl who was not happy in her billet. She had corne f!om a very unhappy home, and while she was WIth me, her mother , in London, committed suicide. The father carne down to see b?t I co?ld see she had no wish to go back WIth hIm, which she never did. She is now

With Winston Churchill's inspiring leadership married, and comes down to see me with her we seemed to be able. to what. at the time husband, and never forgets to send me a card on appeared to be defeat mto vIctory. Like everyone my birthday, and at Christmas time.

40

One ghastly night we could see a glare over Plymouth. We realised that Plymouth was getting it "hot and strong." I was telephoned that nightco uld I possibly take over two first aiders and two W.V.S. members to the church hall at Antony. There were several cases of minor injuries requiring treatment.

I had no difficulty in getting three women to make up the team they had asked for. We left very early, arriving o n the dot of 9 a.m. I have never a more pathetic sight. About 200 people were lymg on the floor. They had immediately been provided with blankets, and had been given cups of tea.

La d y Carew Pole a ked what we needed to feed them. She eemed to have everything we a ked for. She had provided several loaves of bread , almon, nce, baked bean , etc. I remember thinking how well arrangement for such an emergency as this had been thought out beforehand. Our worst trouble was an Army cooker , of ancient vi ntage, in the open, which belched moke when lit. ?o:vever, Lady Carew Pole soon got a man to put It nght.

Most of th,e people were suffering from shock, and a few from minor injuries. The worst ca es had been taken to ho pital at Launce ton and Li keard, but to talk, and unburden themselve a bout all that they had been through , to anyone prepared to listen, seemed to relieve them more than anything. We stayed two day and nights; by the n the hall had been practically emptied. One bu load went to Newquay , but most of them were loathe to go a far away . They wished to go back to their homes, and alvage what they could from the wreckage. We found an empty hop where they could dump their belonging in ack, ealed a nd labelled.

It wa not long before our team was needed aga in to go to Callington. Salta h had the bombing, the enemy obviou ly being after the railway ?ridge. If that were de troyed, Cornwall would mdeed be cu t off. The poor people, who had been bombed out of their home were lying about on pews of Methodist chapel. The food situatIOn was con Iderably eased by members from an army camp who brought large containers of pipina hot boiled potatoes twice a day. The refugee all ab orbed locally a before. Lady Diana Abdy the local organiser proved to be as great a prop and stay as Lady Carew Pole had been

Gatheri ng Moss

There seemed to be no end to the curi u thin a that we were asked to upply and do. Apparently there was an ur gen t need for a small kind of seaweed, known as "carragreen mo s." It was only at very low tide, growing under the larger ordillary sea-weed. Having collected a much a we could into bags provided, a lorry came out from St. Austell, to take it away to be dried

41

I had a brain wave one day and asked some 200 $t. John Cadets from various inland division s to a picnic in my garden, and then took them down to the bay to collect the "moss." This was not quite as successful as I had hoped it would be Being beside the seaside went to their head s, for they all wanted to paddle. However, they had a very good time, which they thoroughly deserved for their Willingness to help. Apparently, the "moss" was needed for making a mould, in which the penicillin germ develops. Why was it not needed before? Because an ingredient called agar had hitherto been imported from Japan, now one of our bitterest enemies.

Providing escorts to travel with wounded or sick soldiers, who for some reason had been landed by air in Cornwall, was another of our jobs.

At one time it was expected that a large number of wounded men might be landed by air and sea in Cornwall, so, in conjunction with Mrs. Holman of the Red Cross, we were asked to arrange for their evacuation by train from Bodmin. We found that the Southern station at Bodmin was eminently uited for our purpose. It was only used for one or two trains a day, had a very large platform as well as a large space outside, in which many ambu lance and cars could park. We found everyone very co-operative, especially the Y.M.C.A. They kept a large amount of mugs, tea, sugar and bi cuit (7Ib. tins) ready to send down to the tation when required. A tobacconist kept a supply of Woodbine cigarettes. The porters' room at the tation looked as though it had never been used for We. had it cleaned up, and the antiquated gas nng put ill order, to enable us to boil a large urn of hot water.

Getting personnel to the station would have presented no problem We only had to alert one man who had a list of the people he had to ring up , ill order for the cherne to be put into action. We even went a far as providing postcards and pencil , of which the station master took charae so that the men co uld send a card to the of casualties to report their safe arrival, and the time they hoped to arrive at their homes. I feel ure that the scheme would have worked owing to the splendid co-operation of everyone concerned , but thank goodne s it was never needed.

My greate t friend in Trebetherick at that time was Dr ula Warren, who , when a ked, gladly undertook to be County Cadet Officer for the East. We went to all inspections together, she to in pect the cadets while I inspected the adults. We had one shock when we found a whole cadet Nur ing Division dre sed in Red Cro s blue with the St. J ohn badges. The Superintendent had nobly made all the dre ses herself; of course, we co uld do nothing about it- only hoping that no expert eye would ever see them.

(Contin.ued on page 42)

(Continued from page 41)

At long last the war was over, and with a sigh of relief and thankfulness we pulled down our "blackouts" and tried to resume our normal life. I carried on with the St. John work in which I had become so deeply involved all through the war. In addition I became Appeal Organiser for the Royal Cornwall Infirmary and during the two years that I undertook that , we raised £4,500. One 'of the efforts towards making that sum(the St. John members of the Truro Division were a great help, particularly Mrs. Tressider, the Superintendent) we hired an empty shop in Boscawen Street for a week. All the local Divisions collected some white elephant items for it. We did a roaring trade, realising £380 by the end of the week. The only thing that was left was a stuffed fox in a large glass case. We despaired of aetti n a rid of it, until a local nursery man came it away. He buried the moth-eaten fox, using the very good glass to make cloches for his garden.

Eventually, I was appointed County Supermtendent , and Miss Christine Werren became County Officer for the East. She was quite one of the most efficient members of the Brigade in Cornwall that we have ever had.

By 1954 my age and health let me down and I was forced by my doctor and my family to retire from all Brigade duties.

I would .like to take this opportunity of thanking all those who encouraged and supported me d urmg my term of office and in particular our two County Presidents , Sir Edward Bolitho and Nancy , Lady Vivian. Their interest was a great inspiration to all members of the Brigade in Cornwall.

I was succeeded by Princess Chula who had Superintendent (cadets) for some tIme. SIr Rowland has now also retired handin a the reins over to Rear -Admiral Bou'twood. I shall always feel that as long as the Brigade in Cornwall is run by the Navy it will always flouri sh.

In my farewell to Lady Mountbatten I promised that we would aim at having a first aid beach hut all the main beaches in Cornwall. So my own present, on retiring, to the Brigade was a hut at Polzeath where in 1965 we treated 300 cases.

I would like to say again, that I could never have achieved anything if it had not been for the loyal of all my colleagues who never once failed to answer any request for help.

V.E.W O.

Solution to Crossword No. 28.

Acros:5: 1 fern; 5, Cancer ; 10 Remus ; 11 , At?-etosIs; 12, OVIduct; 13, Contain; 14 , Strangle; 16, MItes; 18, The.ca; 20 , Aeration ; 23 , Ethmoid; 24, Brimful; 25 , Myoneural; 26, Mucus; 27 , Retina ; 28, Lethargy.

Down: 1, Marrow ; 2, Lump the throat; 3 , Fistula 4 6 , Antonym; 7 , Casualty officer ; 8 , Rosiness

9 , ear; 15 , Glanders ; 17 , Streamer; 19. Apogean 21, Tnumph; 22 Glassy; 24 Bulge. 42

REVIEW CROSSWORD No. 29

Compiled by W. A. Potter

ACROSS

1. Sufferers from this may not be arti ts , but they mix their colours

9. Three headed muscle

10. Mucous discharge containing tar in demolished arch.

13. Sore back in Piccadilly.

14. Round ed edge of auricle.

15. His paste is useful in treatment of varicose veins

18. Child particularly prone to injury on the roads.

19 . Beg from tree-ant.

20 . Get fungus disease from my commanding officer and Ii ttle sister.

23 Irate in sluggish condition

25. Small fragment fractured from long bone .

26 Food absorber,> in the small intestine.

27. Glucose provides this for tissue cells.

30. Omission of essential pa rt of trea tment. 32. One of eight central teeth.

33. Local and general anaesthetic found in dry Chi le hotel.

DOWN

2. Laryngeal cartilage

3. Musical strip of metal.

4. Physiotherapist who manipulates the soft tissues

5. Cat back on tile depending on touch.

6. Crown of the head

7. Hunger of blood loss.

8. Antibiotic used in treatment of tuberculosis.

11. His hearing test compares air and bone conduction.

12. In chronic cases a cha racteristic sign is generalised Oedema.

16. May severely damage lungs with external injury.

17. Or about the alternative.

21. Grip firmly and closely.

22. Great nerve of the thigh

23. Malevolence of the sick in mind?

24. Tied up-to relieve a hernia?

28. Refute a n allegat ion

29. Fibrous tissue of healed wound.

31. From where foreign bodies are most frequently removed.

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

Advertisements with remittance should be sent to The Advertisement Dept., The St. John Review, 10 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1 (to which address replies to Box Numbers should be forwarded). Rate 9d. per word, minimum lOs. Box numbers 2/6 extra. Trade advertisements 1/- per word, minimum 15/-.

FOR SALE

FUND RAISING? Ball Pens are used by everyone. We sup ply Platignum , nationally known makes at reduced wholesale prices to organisations. Your Group title, or other wording can be die stamped on each pen in Silver or Gold as required. Pen cases are available in various col ours. Excellent profit (over 50 % on cost) with full guar antee plus quick delivery extended. Details and samples forwarded on request. Thompson & Robinson Ltd., 20 Churchfield Road, London. W.3. Tel.: ACOrn 8770.

DO YOU KNOW ??? that it costs no more than 5d. each for the supply of full-length baD point pens die-stamped in gold with your Detachm ent or charity. Minimum quantity one gross. Please print your requirement (Maximum 30 letters) and send 60/- total cost for 144 pens. J. E. Thomas & Son (Culley) Ltd ., 2A Handsworth Ro a d Tottenham, N.l7.

ADVERTISING PENCILS , Superb Ball Pens, Combs, Bru he, etc. gold-stamped with Brigad _ name raise funds quickly easily. Repeat orders a smed. Details: orthem Novelties, Bradford 2

STILL £1 PROFIT and unbeatable vahle! Specia l parcels 144 6d. Toys or n . 1/- Toys or Selections Dearer Toys, Stationery Or J e\\ ellery. Each parcel 52 /, Carriage 4 /- on orders under £10, over £10 C arriage free Alternat ively make your own rtlOice from our Catalogue listing hundreds of attra c tive items at WHOLESALE PRICES. J. E. Thoma s & Son (Cuffiey) Ltd. 2A Handsworth Road, Tottenham, N.l7.

SJ.A.B. BADGE Wall Shields, 32s. 6d. S.J.A.B. Gold case d crested Cuff Links, 52s. 6d. Trophy Shields supplied Men's White Nylon Gloves, 14s 6d. Medal ribbon Is. 3d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on unifcrms, Is. 3d. each ribbon if mounted on pin brooch Medals mounted, miniatures quoted for. Stamp for leaflets. - MONTAGUE JEFFERY , Outfitter , St. Giles Street , Northampton.

BAZAARS, GARDEN FETES, SPORTS EVENTS , send for ca talo g ue FUND RAISERS, BALLOON RACES , PERFUME CARDS, FANCY GOODS, TROPHY CUPS , TOYS, CARNIVAL HATS , NOVELTIES, etc. ALL AT TRADE PRICES. Save £'s fro m the largest suppliers in the country. Swinnerton Ltd., Dept. RO., Union Street, Walsall.

43

GE.NERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES

MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l Ophthalmic Student Nurses

Candidates accepted at the age of 16 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarde d to successful candidate s. Well equippe d School of Nursing. Successful candidates, on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice Comfortable Nurses ' Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert Hall, Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Court. Active Social Club.

Applications in writing to the Matron

EASTBOURNE HOSPITALS NURSES' TRAINING SCHOOL (406 beds)

Comprising St. Mary's, Princess Alice and the Leaf Hospitals

Applications are invited from (suitably)

and

Training is in accordance with the 19

MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON E.C.I

Vacancies exist for STATE ENROLLED NURSES to enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing. Twelve months' course , of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing. Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board.

Opportunities for promotion and practical responsibility in the specialist field of nursing

Apply to Matron, Commander of the Order of St. John, Moorfields Eye Hospital.

STORIES

All URGENT St. J obo news s tories hould be telephoned through - either to the Pre Officer or the Pr Officer at BELgravia 5231, Extension 39, also ev enings and weekends Mrs. Heather Richards, EMPress 5761.

Where messages are received from individuals (and not County H.Q.), the Press Office undertakes to clear these with the Com.missioner and County Superintendent concerned.

(5J8)

Borrowdale Avenue, Ipswich Tel.: 51152 -A sk als o for d etails of our Tours to GREECE-

SPRINGFIELD HOSPITAL

Beechcroft Road , Upper Tooting London , S.W.17

W A RD SIST E RS , STAFF NU R SES, EN RO LLED N U RS ES and NU R SIN G ASSI STANTS , Ma l e a nd Fema l e, F ull or P a rt-time , a n d STUD ENT N U R SES , M a l e a nd Fema l e, re qui r e d at Sp r ingfie ld H os pi ta l a l a rg e, p rog r essi ve Training H o s p i ta l , wh i ch is situa ted in b ea utiful an d extensive park la nd within eas y reach of Central Lo nd on .

All fUll-t i m e st aff work a 42 hour week ov e r a p erio d of six d ays, a l tern at i ve m o rni ng a nd aft ernoon p eriods off d ut y. R es id ent o r Non- r esi d en t.

A m o d ern , w ell -equippe d Nu r ses Hom e w ith u pto -date soci a l a nd d om es t ic am eniti es is pro v i d ed f or r esidents.

A brochure gi v ing f ull e r d e tai l s is ava il a ble on a p p lic a tion to the M atron o r Chi ef M a le Nurs e.

An Acre a Day Will make it P ay

Th e er lat t ma chin ry and m ethod enab l u to cut and transp ort an a cr e of b e t qualit y h ee p f d turf in a da

An Acre a Da y

I s our Company' l at t a chi ev m ent.

War e onl t en ye ar old , but w e c an claim e era l fir t in handling , cutting and pr epa r ing Turf.

An Acre a Day

B y t hi s n ew m ethod of handling r e d uc es t i m e a n d la ying c o t s b y one t hird. Do not "s hru g" y our elf into th e p a st R e a ch out to t h e futu r e P hon e

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Applicat ons invited for <J, bove vacancy prefer a bly from State Registered or State Enrolled Nurses. Commencing salary according to experience within scale M D.Y -£855 to £965 p.a , plus free resident ial emoluments valued at £286 p.a (or allowance i n lieu if non-resident).

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THE DESTITUTE CHILDREN'S FUND

Even in normal times countless thousands of children in the less developed countries are in desperate need.

Hungry, sick, orphaned and afraid, or with parents too poor to help them, without the aid sent by our Destitute Children ' s Fund their plight would be terrible indeed.

DROUGHT HAS BROUGHT FAMINE

to vast areas of India a nd Africa and the number of children in need has far more than doubled . Whole villages are de stitute .

DESTITUTION PLUS

Plus the agony of despair when trusted hospitals , clinics and feedin g centres must say "no " through sheer lack of supplies . Our own funds a re ove rstr ained. Commitments to other destitute children in Algeria , Congo, Vietnam and elsewhere must all be met, as well as the se new demands. Unl es s we can a ct promptly, children will die.

YOUR GIFT COULD SAVB LIVES Please don t delay but send all you can possibly spare to :

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Now that our new 'West stand is completed we will be able to accom .modate many more ticket holders this season.

If you are interested please write to:-

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London S. W.6 An application form will be sent to you immediately. For this year's matches, reserved seats can

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the husband wi l be provided with free board and lo dging in return for pan- timeass istance.

(b) RESIDENT R ELIEF MATRON prefe r ably with chi ld-c are cxperience to work in a wide range of children's hom es and t ake charge as the need arises. Furnished accommodation availab e fo r sing e or widowed persons. Salary £830-£965 p.a. less £200 p .a. for board, e tc.

(c) RESIDENT DEPUTY WARDEN (fema le) to assist at a sma ll recePt io n ce ntre for 17 bo ys and gir ls For this interesting post preference will be given to app licants w ith relevant r esidentia l ex peri e nce in the assessment of ch ildre n admi tt ed into care. Sa ary £765 - £905 p.a. less £200 p a. fo r board, etc

(d) R ESIDENT ASSISTANT MATRON at a home for 20 chi ldren m os tl y of sc hool age The es t abli hm e nt is pleasantly situated on a main bu s r o ut e in th e Edgbas on area. Salary £650-£800 p.a ess £200 p.a fo r bo a rd , e tc. £60 p a. is pa ya ble in addition to th e scales quoted above for appropriate qualifications.

RESIDENTIAL NURSERIES

(a) DEPUTY MATRON required at a residential nursery for 40 children aged 0 -5 years. The nursery together with a a r ge nurses' hom e is s itu ate d in ex tensive gro und s a nd convenient to th e c ty centre. Applicants should hold a nursing or nursery q u a li fication. Sa lary sca e £790-£1 025 p.a. less £245 p.a. fio r board,

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SHEFFIELD UNITED FOOTBALL CLUB

A REMINDER . .

To Season Ticket Holders .who have nut yet renewed t heir Season Tickets for Season 1966/67. may we respectfully ask you to do so without further delay?

AN INVITATION .. .

To supporters not having previously held a Season Ticket to now make ' application. Application F orms, together with details of our Instalment Plan, may be obtained from the Cherry Street Office. Prices as follows:-

Centre Stand (front portion)

Centre Stand (rear portion)

£10 100

Wing Stands (front portion)

Wing Stands (rear portion)

Terrace

£4 4 0 (Juveniles

Ground

£3 3 0 (Juveniles

£8 8 0

£7 7 0

£6 0 0

£2 2 ·0)

£1 100)

Bramall Lane Ground. A. NEWTON. SHEFFIELD, 2. Secretary.

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THE ARSENAL FOOTBALL CLUB

H.R.H. The Princess Margaret, Commandant-in-Chief, Ambulance and Nursing Cadets, visited Brigade Headquarters in Hong Kong during her recent visit to the Island. Picture shows Her Royal Highness leaving HeaciqufNters esc;orted by H.E. Sir David Trench and The Commissioner, Mr. N. G. Rolph, followed by Dr. J. R. Jones, Chairman of the St. John Council , and Mr. C. E. M. Terry, Chairman of the S.J.A.A. Centre. During her visit Princess Margaret saw the work done by the Brigade's Dental Clinic for poor, blind and

H er Excellency Mama N g ina

K e n ya tta is pr ese nt ed with a bouquet by Minnie Hjage, a trainee cadet of Mathai ga Prim a ry School, Nairobi w hen she attend ed a film pr emiere in aid of Ken y a St. John Funds Th e film was the famous James Bond 'Thunder ball' and all tick et s were sold brin gi ng in a total of over £1 ,000 A really magnificent effort.

THE GRAND PRIOR VISITS RIO BUENO, JAMAICA

Rio Bueno is a pretty village on Jamaica's north coast, taking its name-so legend asserts-from the place where Christopher Columbus first landed in Jamaica after failing to find water at nearby Dry Harbour, now redesignated Discovery Bay. In the midst of the village, the Rio Bueno church fronts the Caribbean to the north. To the west, palm trees wave in the Trade Wind, while an old arched bridge spans the river.

On a Sunday morning-February 27th, 1966there was an air of expectancy. The little church with windows open to the breeze from the Caribbean was filled. Men and women in the black and white uniform of St. John occupied several pews. They had come from different nearby villages for St. John is strongly entrenched in Jamaica's north shore.

A feeling of expectancy was evident, especially when those near the open door spied the approach of a motor cyclist in white tunic, red striped breeches and crash helmet signifying the uniform of the Jamaica Police Force. Behind were two motor cars. The flags on the vehicles signified the importance of those arriving.

At the door the Reverend K. D. Pronger, Rector of Rio Bueno, welcomed the distinguished partyTheir Royal Highne ss es the Duke and Duches s of G loucester , and Princess Alice, Countess of A thlone, who were on holid a y nearby. The sermon ap tly dealt with the work of St. John, and also referred to the hi story of the Order. It was an ap pe a l for public service using the work of the Order as an example.

After the service, the members of the Brigade commanded by Mrs. K. Hetherington , Superintend-

ent Nursing, Jamaica North-East, assisted by Staff Officer P. W. Davis, marched past. The Prospect St. J.ohn Cadet Band under Drum-Majer Blackwood led the march, the steps of the church providing an excellent saluting base for the Grand Prior. On his right and left were Princess Alice and the Duchess of Gloucester. Though the occasion was informal, it may have been..the first time that a Grand Prior has taken the salute on an occasion of this kind in the West Indies.

The most interesting feature, perhaps , was that it showed the work of the St. John Ambulance As socia tion -2.nd Brigade in a far off corner of the Caribbean. Yet within 60 miles of Rio Bueno there are two good headquarters buildings at Ocho Rios and Montego Bay; also two smaller posts at Runaway Bay and Cave Valley. One 9f these posts (Runaway Bay), a few weeks after its opening in 1957 was the scene of a disastrous fire when a gasoline tanker containing high octane spirit overturned and ignited in the nearby main street of the village. Some 23 people were killed and 70 seriously injured. The post, manned by Mrs. Hetherington and an emergency St. John staff, saved many lives on that occasion.

St. John personnel were deeply honoured that Their Royal Highnesses chose to attend a service in which the St. John Ambulance Brigade were participating, and will long remember it.

The Custos of Trelawny (Custos is the equivalent in Jamaica of Lord Lieutenant) and Mrs. Parnell were present, as was Sir Har old Mitchell , Hon orary Liaison Officer for the Order of St. John, for the Caribbean.

H.P.M.

Picture shows the 21st Birthday cake of the Halesowen Ambulance Cad et Di vision. I n the twenty-one years since its formation this Di visio n has set up what is probably a record in that from its ranks have come a Commissioner, an Area Commissi oner, an Area Staff O fficer, a Di visional Surgeon and three Di visional officers. I n addition fOllr former members hal e had their services to the Bri gade recognised by admission to the Ord er of St. John. The Birthday celebrations included a dinner and a S erv i ce of Commemoration.

Picture shows, H.R.H. Prince Wilhelm Karl von Preussen.(H errenmeister) introducing Chancellor Graf v. der Schulenburg to H.M. The Queen . (Right) Dr. V. Menges, Commander of the Association Rheinland- Westfalen.

(Below)

"20th CENTURY KN 'IGHTS" TO THE RESCUE

by Ben R. Jarm,an District Training Officer, West Riding, Yorkshire

I think the time has come for the Brigade in Great Britain to reconsider its function in the light of present day needs and conditions and I venture to set forth below a means not only of making its members far more useful to the community, but also of attracting a considerable element of young, vigorous and adventurous recruits to our ranks.

Some of us find it difficult to adapt ourselves to changes, especially to those of a revolutionary nature. But all life is a form of change, a progression from one stage to another. Our early methods and techniques of doing ordinary things, give place to new ones. As with our personal lives, o it is with society and so it must be with the Brigade. Any society of men which does not make this progre s, will stagnate.

With us in the Brigade it is Recruiting Year and many surprising schemes are already under way both on Divisional and Area levels throughout the country, in an effort to attract new members. The emphasis seems to be on young people a nd rightly so, for thousands are just waiting for the opportunity of useful service involving some hazard. Equally, we need our young men and women to revitahse our divisions. To this end and without procrastination, let us freely discuss every possible idea and put into operation those which eem to be practicable,

I think that some of the nation's finest young people will be drawn into our ranks, both adult a nd cadet, and will respond magnificently to a challenge which is seen to be worthwhile, which d emands tamina and initiative and is not without a n element of risk and danger.

I believe the Brigade can have this built-in appeal a soon as it likes.

" Operation Albatross"

It was in July 1962, when in company with other Brigade Officers of the South Western Area of No. 1 (Prince of Wales) Di trict, we planned a r escue operation which was to involve all the Cadet Divi ions in the Area. The exercise was known as "Operation AlbatrC)ss" and the purpose of the exercise was (a) The practical training of Ambulance and Nursing Cadets in locating hidden casualties and giving on-the-spot treatment; (b) To add variety and interest to the training programme; (c) To demonstrate to the general public how our cadets were trained for emergencies; (d) 15

To encourage others to join the ranks of the Brigade.

A Brigade ambulance was used to convey casualties and a huge marquee served as a "clearing station." Field telephone posts were established for communications throughout the woods and countryside which made up the situation of the exercise. The results were most satisfactory and we achieved our object on every count. This quite ordinary exercise first made me think that the function of the Brigade should be something more than to render first aid to the injured and nursing skill to those stricken by sudden illness. Its purpose should in fact be TO RESCUE and then TO SUCCOUR. The two "services" go together, they are complementary. In fact in many, many accidents involving one or many casualties, some form of "rescue" has to take place before first aid can be administered. But are we equipped, as individual members of the Brigade, to do this? Is RESCUE a definite subject on our Divisional Training Programme? Does it not seem a little strange that organisations other than St. John are doing such things as mountain rescue, cliff rescue and pot-hole rescue (to name but a few), with first aid to the injured thrown in for good measure? These teams are doing a grand job and many people owe their lives to the work of these splendid voluntary organisations. No doubt a number of St. John members are attached to these teams also.

Make Use of "Specialists"

I think the Brigade should be taking the lead in these things after its great tradition, but apart from a few noble efforts such as the Sea, Cliff and Mountain Rescue Unit formed in the Christchurch area recently and the commando-style Rescue Units of St. Paul's AmbulanGe Division, Birmingham, and the Senior Cadet Rescue Unit of Western Area (Surrey), we seem to be lagging sadly behind. There are undoubtedly within our ranks mountaineers, rock-climbers, pot-holers, steeple-jacks. builders, swimmers and skin-divers, radiooperators and technicians, vehicle-specialists, including our splendid Road Automobile Club patrol men, and countless others. Could we not make use of these "specialists"-our own members-now?

(Above) Shri Ratan Lall, Commissioner, S.J.A.B., No. XVI (C. Rly.) District and General Manager, Central Railway, takes the salute as members of the Nursing Division march past at the annual inspection at Parel, India, on 9th Januar y , 1966.

Shri Ratan Lall presents the Seva Medal to Smt. I. J. Rangnekar, Di s trict Officer (Nursing), for ten years' efficient service in the Brigade.

Peter Thompson, en.thusiastic member of the Brigade in Hertfordshire deservedly gained himself national publicity as a result of prompt and efficient first-aid in April this year. Fourteen-year-old Peter heard the sound of a crash on the Great North Road at Brookman's Park, Hatfield, grabbed his first-aid kit and cycled to the scene which he reached before the ambulances arrived. A father and four children were killed in the road crash while a fifth child received serious head injuries when their Mini van was in collision with a double-decker bus. Seventeen people in the bus received minor injuries. In addition to treating the injured, Peter also made certain that oncoming traffic was warned. His Divisional Officer, Mr. D. J. Pink, Potters Bar A.C. Division, says about Peter, "He is a reliable and seems to have taken this accident in his stride. Weare very proud of him in both of the Divisions, that is, the 201 Ambulance Division and my own. Peter, in addition to covering duties at Horse shows, Point to Points, etc. also helps at Barnet General Hospital."

What I am proposing is that RESCUE in its widest sense come,s on our Official Training Programme as a subject, at the earliest possible moment. We need not necessarily associate this in any way with Civil Defence. But we should be trained, as many of us as are able, so that we can act in our ordinary everyday life if the need arises, as individuals and as trained squads in our own divisions.

Road Accidents

The whole tempo of life in this highly technical age, calls for our first aiders to be equipped with the knowledge of rescue in all its many forms. We have only to think of our fast motorways. How many of our members have the knowledge and skill to force their way into the tangle of steel after a vehicle pile-up and rescue a casualty from the possibility of further damage or fire, in those first few vital moments after a crash and before the arrival of the emergency services? And how many Brigade members already carry in their vehicles a minimum of rescue equipment to deal with a road accident should they be passing the scene? We can see that just on this question of road accidents alone, a Brigade member with a knowledge of vehicles and an understanding of the principles of rescue in this respect, could be ten times more useful to' his fellows. So long as selfishness and incompetence are evident on our roads, it would seem that accidents will continue to 16

happen. This rescue training could be an immediate measure to cut the appalling number of deaths from road accidents. But this is only one aspect and there are many situations requiring skill in rescue reported in the Press from day to day.

The "specialist" instruction could be given by our own members according to his or her qualifications and could include knowledge of dealing with the hazards of collapsed buildings, fire, water, fumes, crashed planes, railway disasters and mUltiple collisions on our roads. Members could be trained to reach and to rescue those whose lives are in danger in situations like these. The value of this training is constantly being proved for instance in our coal mines and large works, where individual Brigade members and Brigade "teams" are trained and specialise in their own field of rescue.

ANew Sense of PJIl'Pose

A thorough training in the theory of rescue would have to be given to the student and this could be done either at Divisional or Area level, using such aids as colour slides, films and taperecorders, etc., together with thorough practical instruction. The course should be followed by a practical test situation, where the candidate may use his own initiative and judgement, to assess his ability to deal with a "live" incid,ent.

It is suggested that 12 months' service should be recorded with a Division after a candidate has

passed First Aid examinati?n, before taking thIS addItional course. A speCial woven badge of high quality and including a conspicuous, coloured device, denoting clearly to the uninitiated, that the wearer is qualified in rescue work, could be worn on the breast pocket of tunic or battle-dress by successful candidates. There co uld be grades of qualification (say three)-Cl ass 1 award denoting that the member is conversant with methods of rescue from most known situations. There could also be an elementary qualificati on for cadets of certain age limits.

We shall come across snags-for instance the cos t of equipment. But let us not be daunted by this-if we have the will and the enthusiasm, we shall get the finance. It may well be that the who le scheme could be financed from Area or even Di strict/Co unty level. Let us give this a trial and I am sure that we shall see results beyond our imagination, not only in the increase of our membership, but in more lives being saved and interest and enthusiasm being revived. We live in a highly sp ecialised age and our Land Rovers, Radio Communications a nd Lit-a-Splints can all be usedtogether with our revitalised skills, and all these

will serve to give us a new sense of purpose.

More ' Mobility

A further suggestion is that teams or squads of these highly-trained men and women could, with a little planning, become mechanised by using jeeps for example, and a number of Divisions have these vehicles already. These could be equipped with rescue gear of all kinds and could be ready to go anywhere and do anything to rescue and save lives which might otherwise not be reached in time.

It could well be that this is an answer also to the Divisional Superintendents who find it difficult to introduce variety and a "second subject" to their programmes.

We mu st not wait until some other worthy organisation does this very thing for us, perhaps on a national scale : or until a committee decides on the most suitable title: or until we have all the finance. The need for us all to learn this new skill is here-let us start NOW. Get the authority to go ahead-then turn to our training.

I am sure there are others with similar thoughts and I would be very glad to hear from them.

CERTIFICATE OF HONOU·R AND LETTER OF COMMENDATION S.J.A.B.

W.R. Yorkshire, Southern Area Brierly Corps

On Wedne day, Augu tIl, 1965, at 6.20 a.m., a man-riding train carrying l70 men in the Melton Field earn at Grimethorpe Colliery, ran away down an incline owing to the breaking of a one inch diameter haulage rope As the train increased speed, the men started to jump o ut, and many ca ualtie re ulted.

Cpl. A. Yoxall and Amb ul ance Members l. Round, l. E. Hyde and K . Thomas, of the Grimethorpe ColJiery Ambulance Divi ion, S.l.A.B., were ridin g to work on this train and later proved to be of great ervice in this incident.

Nearly all of the 170 men had injuries and shock. In the clouds of dust and the confusio n which followed, the e member of the Brigade acquitted themselves with great di tinction; by their bearing and calmne s, and by their fir t aid work they won the admiration of all concerned with the handling of the ituat ion. The roadway, after the incident, was described a , "like a battlefield ." There were four stretcher cases, 11 men ent to hospital and dozens of ca e of burning, hock and lacerations, with two or three cases of men collapsed or fainting.

Ambulance Member l. E. Hyde performed his duties splendidly, although he had injured his neck in the accident.

17

Ambulance Member l Round was involved in the following incident: The man sitting next to R o und attempted to jump out of the car and, although he vaulted over the side, a tubular spanner which he was carrying in his belt fouled the edge of the car and he was unable to free himself. Despite his own danger, AjM Round held this man until the train fortunately slowed down and stopped. During the time he was assisting this man, R ound was struck on the head by an obstructio n which knocked a hole 1tin. diameter in hi helmet. Despite this experience and his own condition, he carried on in the best tradition and did much to relieve the suffering and shock of other injured men.

Later, the casualties spoke most highly of the work of the members concerned

Divisional Officer F. Waring, B. E.M., was called from home to assi t. He set up a forward first aid post on the surf ace, screening the ca ualties and sending the more serio us casualties to the Medical Room where three doctors and a sister were in charge. Many minor injuries were treated at the post and all casualties were away by 9 20 a.m.

The Area General Manager made a statement to the Press , praising the conduct and ability of the men concerned.

Gorrod Studios, Barnet

The ladies team from the Regent Street Travel Centre in action during the recent National First-Aid Competitions where they scored a well earned victory.

May we draw readers' attention to Brigade Order No. 1359, Walkie Talkie Radio Sets: information has been received that some Brigade units have equipped themselves with walkie-talkie rad-io sets and are operating them in contravention of the Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1949. While the use of radio means of communication is encouraged, it must be remembered that the use of wireless apparatus without a G.p.a. licence is illegal and could lead to prosecution and confiscation of equipment. Brigade units which have such equipment, therefore, should ensure that it is properly licensed by the Postmaster-General. The licensing position is explained in a G.p.a. leaflet entitled Walkie-Talkies reference HQG/ 4071/65 C.V.B., a copy of which has been sent to each District and County Headquarters. Units of the Brigade contemplating acquiring such equipment should acquaint themselves with the contents of the leaflet and ensure that any such equipment operates in the permissible frequencies. As an alternative to purchasing their own equipment, Brigade units should consider cooperation with the Radio Amateur Emergency Network, details of which were promulgated in a Brigade Memorandum dated January, 1964.

Britis h Railways, Southern Region 18

British Railways, Southern Region

The Eastbourne team, Southern Region, British Rail, look justifiably pleased -having carried off the Challenge Shield and Moore Cup at the National First-Aid Finals.

A striking picture of the very smart Banbury Band drummers taken during the Jubilee Celebration of the Wantage Branch of Toe H which included a garden fete and a searchlight Tattoo.

A nuclear attack on the Clarence Dock Power Station, Lanes. Picture shows members of the Leyland Nursing Division looking after "casualties" at the Emergency Forward Medical Aid Unit Reception. It was all part of "Exercise Enterprise" undertaken in conjunction with the local Civil Defence Corps.

Michael Wilds who came to grief at a recent meeting at Brand s Hatch. In a matter of seconds members of the Farnham Ambulance Division reached him and lifted him clear of the wreckage. He sustained severe head injuries and picture shows him being carried off on his way to hospital. Weare glad to report that he is making a good recovery.

London Express

City of L o n don St. J o h n Ambulance Association Awards Th r ee pictu res. Miss Haxell, an employee of the Lon.don Te l ecommunications Region G p.a receiving the Ha rr y Webb Trophy afte r win.ning the best individual test.

John Warburton

A home with a view

Mrs. Jean North of Tallqueray Gordon Limited winner of the Arthur Leng Trophy as best individual runner-up.

John Warburton

Southern Region British Railways team from Wimbledon captained by Mr. 1. Kingman won the City of London Trophy.

John Warbunon

PROUD J UBILEE

A Story of the Star & Garte r Home for Disabled Sailo r s , Soldiers and A ir men , Richmond , Su r rey by Lieu t

much public anxiety. Existing hospitals were already overcrowded. The British Red Cross Society in response to pressing appeals decided that a home should, if possible, be established, expressly for the care and treatment of such patients.

With the generous help of the Chartered Auctioneers & Estate Agents Institute, the old hotel building, by this time empty, was acquired, and began to earn a new and nobler claim to distinction. The deeds were graciously accepted by Her Majesty Queen Mary, who entrusted the duty of implementing the scheme to the British Red Cross Society. A special Star & Garter Committee was set up to shoulder the task, and can be considered as the forerunner of the present Board of Governors.

On January 14, 1916, the Home was inaugurated There are very few folk either in or out of the and, this year, celebrates its 50th Jubilee. It became Services who do not know of the existence of the evident from the outset that the existing building Star and Garter Home at Richmond, Surrey. Most, was quite inadequate for its new function, and of course, connect it with the oldest order of that eventually new premises were the only soluchivalry-the Most Noble Order of the . Garter, tion. In response to an appeal by the British and the Star, its precious emblem. No title could, Women's Hospital Committee, funds were subin fact, be more appropriate considering its close scribed by the women of Britain and the Commonconnection with those servant of the Crown-Her wealth and by the end of the war they were Majesty's sailors, soldier and airmen. sufficient to enable work to start on this new In fact, the origin of the title is very different. building in July, 1919. As a result of this great In the reign of King Henry VIII, there stood at effort the building became known as the Women's the top of Richmond Hill-at the entrance to the Memorial of World War 1.

Royal Park-a Star & Garter Inn to cater for the The new building was designed as a labour of material needs of man, and to which our forebears love by Sir Edwin Cooper, R.A. Taking the form flocked convivially. Although the actual building of a vast E-shaped neo-Georgian building in changed its face several times, ravaged by fire and pleasant red brick, it was opened by Their time, it had developed in Edwardian times into a Majesties King George and Queen Mary on hostelry of lUXUry and a spot favoured by all from July 10, 1924.

gay and fashionable London. It is said that a The principal objects were to provide a happy hansom cab drive from the West End to dine at and permanent home for 200 disabled exthe Star & Garter was among the prizes available Servicemen, and to enable them to receive the to the successful Gaiety Girl. But fashion was fickle finest medical treatment. The design was dominand just before World War I the hotel closed its ated by the necessity of offering every facility for Early in the war years the plight of the ever- the easy movement of patients, chiefly in wheelmcreasing numbers of disabled sailors and soldiers chairs. Further, its character architecturally was (airmen followed in later years) hopelessly para- such as would fit into the beautiful landscape overlysed by wounds received in action, wa s causing looking the Thames Valley, and it could become 21

Every kind of recreation is available

a landmark for many miles over the surrounding countryside. As a result, some of the patientsthose most seriously ill-are accommodated in wards as perfect as can be imagined, each bed having rail curtains for privacy and radio earphones. For those better able to look after themselves, provision is made for a large number of self-contained individual rooms, well furnished and with hot and cold water basins.

Patients who are or can be mobile have all the amenities of a club, including a large dining-room and a common-room with stage facilities, a T.V. grotto, billiard and table-tennis rooms, a library, a cafeteria where visitors can be entertained, and a fully equipped cinema. A fine memorial chapel has been given by the Cowdray family. Through the kindness of many good friends and those organisations which cater for the needs of exServicemen, entertainments and outings of many kinds are frequently organised for the patients. The Home is equipped as a medical unit, with a dental section, dispensary, physiotheraphy department and gymnasium. Those who are able and mobile, even if only by means of a wheelchair, can live usefully. In well-fitted workshops, instructors teach various crafts, such as rug-making, soft toys, basket work and other forms of occupational therapy. One section is devoted to clock and watch repairs and is run under the auspices of the Forces Help Society and Lord Roberts Workshops. In addition, wheelchair table tennis, netball, archery and billiards are available, and all these forms of activity are invaluable to patients.

The Army predominates with about 150 of the patients. There are 30 from the Royal Navy and 20 from the Royal Air Force. A few are veterans 22

of the Boer War, approximately one half from World War I and the remainder from World War II and after.

Today the oldest patient is over 90 years and the youngest in his early twenties . Any sailor, soldier or airman of the Queen, permanently disabled in war or peace, is eligible for consideration even if not in receipt of a disability pension. Unfortunately, there is always a long waiting list. The patients are cared for by a Commandant, who is a former Officer of the R.A.M.C., and a staff of sisters, nurses and ward orderlies under a Matron and Ward Master, with a full supporting staff. Absolute freedom within medical limits is the Star & Garter creed, the aim being to provide a free and happy existence to those who, through disablement, are obliged to live away from their relations for the remainder of their lives. Even in its gay heyday as an inn or hotel the Star & Garter cannot have spread such cheer as it has done since .•. and all forms of therapy

1916. All receive loving care and the only sadness is that there is not sufficient room for all those who wish to come.

Rer Majesty the Queen is the Patron of the Rome and Her Royal Highness Princess Alexandra, Mrs. Angus Ogilvy, is now President, having succeeded the late Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke in 1964.

In tribute to those who dwell there, much generosity and goodwill has flowed to the Star & Garter in the past fifty years. The small army of regular visitors to the patients, the contributions of the Friends of the Star & Garter, the endowments and donations from individuals and from service and civilian organisations have enabled the original vision of those who planned the Home to be fulfilled. But everyday the costs of upkeep mount and the gap between dependable income an d necessary expenditure is a constant anxiety. Even with the limited financial help of the Welfare State towards the maintenance of patients who would otherwise need to be in a National Health Ro pital or Local Authority accommodation, the deficit mounts and the gap widens. In this Jubilee year it is hoped that the existing goodwill and generous support to the Home, too, may be greatly developed so that the gap may be reduced.

F rom the early days there has been close association between the Star & Garter and the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John. From the Joint War Organisation's funds collected during World War II for the relief of uffering from the war, a generous grant of £ 150,000 was given by the Joint Committee of the St. John and British Red Cross to enable much needed arrears of maintenance to be undertaken, new lifts installed and the purchase of Wick House (o nce the home of Sir Joshua Reynolds) and its

Archery from a wheelchair equipment as a Nurses' Home. Help continues to be given with transport for patients' outings, and the Brigade uniform is a familiar sight when members of St. John help as escorts on some of these occasions. Finally, this is an opportunity to say thank you to St. John cadets for their gay knee rugs, donated through the St. John and Red Cross War. Disabled Help Department, which are greatly appreciated by the patients at the Star & Garter Home.

ASSOCIATION NOTES

Advanced Knowledge in First Aid (Spedal Procedure) Regulations

Regulations for the Course in Advanced Kno wledge in First Aid are now ava.ilable from the St. John Ambulance Asso ciati on, 10, Grosven or Crescent, London, S.W.I.

Higher First Aid Certificate

The St. John Ambulance Association has been informed by the Ministry of Labour that holders of the Certificate in First Aid, the date on which accepted as qualified for the purposes of the First Aid (Standard of Training) Order 1960, the Docks (Training in First Aid) Regulations 1962 and the Offices, Shops and Railway Premises First Aid Order 1964.

A skilled clock and watch repairer 23

For the purposes of determining the validity of the Certificate in First Aid the date on which the Higher First Aid Certificate was awarded will be recognised as the commencement of a fresh three year period.

THE PERILS OF HOUSE-TO-HOUSE COLLECTiN ,G

by Div. Supt. Mrs. J. F. Lafferty, 162 (Banstead and District) Nursing Division

Every year, as springtime approaches, my spirits drop. This means house-to-house collection time is drawing near. Although I remember one year the powers-that-be gave us October dates. This cheered up the Spring a little, but considerably marred the summer holidays with the thoughts of what was to come.

I -loathe asking people for money. I equally dislike asking people to collect money for us . Why do I do it then? Firstly, of course, if the members are to be "clothed" and equipped we must have money. To say nothing of the Headquarters, which also need£ "clothing" in the shape of paint on the walls and lino ,on the floor. Secondly, I do it because it is like hitting one's head against a brick wall-it is so nice when it is over!

Having approached the same good friends year after year, and mostly received offers of help, things look a little brighter. Then there is the same old paper work-have we enough permits, envelopes/ flags (according to the year)? Have we allocated the roads so that there is no overlapping? Will the Cadets distribute the envelopes? Having volun.teered to do so, will they actually put one envelope per door, ,or will they shove half-a-dozen through two. or three doors, to- get the job done quickly? (This has happened to us, but not for many years, fortunately). '

Then D-Day arrives. We find it best to go out en masse and cover several roads in one evening. This way we have a little company and manage to get a few "giggles" as we pass one another in the street. "I've just knocked at that door," a new member told me. "A woman opened the door and said 'I'm sorry, there's no one in'." As an old hand I knew what this meant. She was probably the baby-sitter, and she meant that the family were all out. Once or twice in the past I have encountered the maid-but this race seems to have died out nowadays. The funniest one I ever encountered was when the letter-box ' opened and a pair of rusty scissors were dangled out at the end of a piece of string. "Who is it?" an elderly voice q vered. Lengthy. explanations to a pair of rusty seemed a little out of my sphere, so I just apologIsed for troubling, and beat a hasty retreat! I don't how jf rusty scissors would strike terror into .the heart of a real ' desperado, but they certarnly put me off my stroke!

Another reas ,on for "hunting in packs" is that one always feels there is a first-aider at hand should a dog attack one. I am not enamoured of 24

dogs. I feel that in some way I am not a proper, genuine Englishwoman, but frankly I am too scared of dogs to make them my bosom companions. One knocks at an innocent-seeming door. From the nether regions comes a furore of barking. Then a heavy bOdy hurls itself at the front door, and one hopes the hinges will hold. Finally the door opens and a charming lady appears, clutching hard at the collar of a Great Dane, Alsatian, Airedale or possibly a Borzoi. We have even one Afghan hound on our "round." However, she seldom sets the dog on u s, indeed, we usually get a quick half-a-crown, so that she can let the dog's collar go and get back to wa tching "Coronation Street." Some dogs (the smaller ones as a rule). aren't like this at all. They set up a shrill barkrng as soon as the bell rings, but when the door opens they greet one like an old friend, lashing out with dirty paws, and slobbering all down one's uniform coat. (This is why we need house?ollections, to help pay the cleaning bIlls!) J okrng apart, these charming little animals could be little help as hou se -do gs if a real intruder tried to break in.

I remember one year I went with three other members of the Nursing Division to an isolated district, renowned for the number of burglaries taking place there. Consequently almost every had a dog. The fourth member, havmg a dog of her own, carefully explained to us the correct technique. "Don' t let the dog see you are scared," she in str ucted us. "Don't put your to it, it come t,o you and see you are fnendly. We lIstened to her good advice, but m.ostly crossed the street to avoid any encounters, fnendly or otherwise. However, one of us had the misfortune to get bitten (not badly, I am happy to say). Which one? Why, the one who had a dog of her own, and knew just how to handle strange dogs. Truly-, discretion is the better part of valour.

I find the fir st knock on the first door is the worst moment. If no one is in, or if one gets a refusal, the misery continues to the next until having collected a couple of envelopes ' and couple of cheery smiles, the job begins to brighten up. It is surprising the number of women who keep their handbags upstairs-possibly a wise precaution. Perhaps running up and down helps to keep them .slim. Mine is always decorating the nearest and has to be removed if anyone wants to SIt down! I don't know if there is any

(Continued on page 32)

SAFETY IN WATER ACTIVITIES

Compiled by the National Water Safety Committee Issued by RoSPA, 1966

SAFETY IN SWIMMING, CANOEING, ROWING, SAILING, WATER SKI-ING

Some S1.:.ggestions for Leaders and Instructors in youth Groups or Clubs

Every youth leader and in str uctor qualified to give training in water activities should have had the opportunity to st udy the "Water Safety Code," the b oat u sers' code, "Safety Afloat ," and the " Sea in Ed uc atio n " (Education Pamphlet No. 44) particularly Appendix II, dealing with Safety in Sailing Boats a nd Canoes, and sho uld be fully conver ant with these safety rules. It may be in the interests of youth groups or clubs, whether they have water activity sections of their own or a few mem ber s who participate, to ha ve the most important rules displayed on the club notice board. Set out in these pages are examples of these. Because a yo uth group or club has not been so unfortunate as to experience a drowning accident, its members hould never be lulled into thinking it will never happen to them. Water activities do pre ent problem concerning safety and it is, therefore, necessary to take all rea onable precautions to minimi e the risk of accident. This is goo d sea manship,

Swimming

The following precautions hould apply when organised recreational wimming, under a person a ume re pon ibility for safety, is arranged m natural water where there is a chance of swimmer getting out of their depth:

(a) the place where swimming i allowed, whether for pleasure or instruction (instructors should have gained the A .S.A. teacher's certificate or the S.T.A.' graduate swimming teacher's certificate), should be a pproved by the person in charge, * and there should be sufficient competent swimmers to give adeq u ate supervision. For every 10 persons in the water there sho uld be at least one competent wimmer supervising from a vantage point; he will not join the swimmer except in emergency;

(b) swimming alone should be forbidden. A gro up sho uld consist of at least three persons, who, in this case, should all be competent swimmers;

(c) inexperienced swimmers should be allowed in the water only when supervi sor qualified in lifesaving is present. He should at least have passed a recent R.L.S.S. bronze medallion examination;

25

(d) a. life or buoyancy aid and rope for lifesavrng sho uld be ready in case of emergency, and in open waters a boat is a useful safeg uard. If one is not available, the swimmers should be restricted to well defined areas .

*The person in charge sho uld be competent to the suitability of a swimming area, taking mto account shelving beaches, rocks, undertows, dangerous tides and currents, bathing in surf, etc. Seek local information if necessary.

General Instruction for Boat Users

(i) A responsible and thoroughly experienced person should be in charge of the party and its activities. His responsibilities should include:

(a) the conduct and safety of all concerned, e.g. checking the condition and suitability of boats and other equipment, and deciding whether crews have sufficient experience to go out in the prevailing weather conditions;

(b) administrative arrangements, e.g. the insurance , where necessary, of persons and property ;

(c) issuing instructions and allocating instructors;

(d) making himself fully conversant 'with local conditions, e.g. tide, weather, and dangerous features such as weirs;

(e) satisfying himself that every person takin 0' part can swim, in light clothing, a of at least 50 yards in the conditions likely to be encountered.

(f) satisfying him elf that every person taking part hould have an elementary knowledO'e of the " Rule of the Road"; , I::>

(g) if any practical work is arranged in waters which are u ed by commercial vessels instruction hould be given in the sound signals which these use Here are the chief ones, consult Rule 15 of Rules of the Road for full details:

One short blast-I am turning to starboard

Two hort blasts-lam turning to port

Three short blasts-lam going astern

One prolonged blast followed by two short blasts- Keep clear, I have no room to manoeuvre

(h) local regulations made by a port authority or a river conservancy must be strictly observed.

(ll) Someone who is fully proficient in applying artificial respiration should always be available. Prevention of accidents is better than cure and the importance of first aid in the preventive aspect of drowning is by efficient immediate treatment, i.e., lifesaving and artificial respiration. It is, therefore, clearly important that there should be as many trained members as possible.

Though it may not be practical t? insist that participants should first qualify for A.S.A. awards for proficiency in person survival or R.L.S.S. safety awards and lifesaving awards, they should, nevertheless, be encouraged to do so.

Arrangements for rescue: Important when boats are used in tidal waters. The instructor in charge should make arrangements to meet all foreseeable contingencies, and he should make certain that everyone understands them. Local conditions govern such arrangements but should normally include:

(a) posting a look-out to keep all boats under observation;

(b) keeping a power boat or pulling boat ready' to start immediately.

Also, when practical, informing the coastguard or harbourmaster of any expedition.

' Rowing

Ca) It is not the general practice in rowing clubs to wear lifejackets but all participants should be swimmers in accordance with (i)e under general instructions for boat users. Lifejackets to B.S. 3595 should be worn when pulling general purpose boats in offshore and esturial waters.

(b) If the boat capsizes, all members of the crew should stay with it.

(c) If crew members change places this should be done only inshore OJ in shallow water.

(d) Boats should keep clear of commercial and other powered craft, sailing craft and any boats engaged in racing.

(e) If it is necessary to cross the river, boats should always pass astern of on-coming vessels.

(f) When rowing against a tide or current, boats should keep close inshore and when rowing with the tide, boats should keep clear of all vessels coming in the opposite direction, and should keep as close as possible inshore.

Canoeing

(a) All canoeists should wear lifejackets (preferably to British Standard Specification 3595 26

or B.C.U. approved standard. Details of these lifejackets and manufacturers can be obtained from RoSP A or B.C.U.).

(b) Every canoe should be fitted with a painter fore and aft (whose inboard ends should be properly secured and with buoyancy bags firmly secured) and with buoyancy bags firml y secured in bow and stern.

(c) For touring trips, camping gear and other equipment should be stowed in waterproof bags well clear of the canoeist and not left loose in the canoe. The craft should then be kept well trimmed.

(d) Before sea expeditions are attempted, coastguards should be informed of the planned timetable and route so that the group may be kept under observation along the coast.

(e) When canoeing takes place in the - open water of estuaries and the coast, a power ,driven craft should stand by.

(f) If the canoe capsizes, the canoeist should stay with it, unless he is likely to be swept over a weir. The canoe should be towed into shallow water before being righted.

(g) Capsize drill and deep water rescue should be practised on canoe courses whenever practicable.

(h) Canoeists should be encouraged to take the B.C.U. Proficiency Test and should have reached this standard before attempting sea and difficult river trips.

(i) At least three and preferably five canoes should take part in any sea canoeing activity.

Sailing

(a) Everyone engaged jn sailing-instructors as well as members of crew-should at all times wear a lifejacket (preferably to British Standard 3595, details from RoSPA or the Hon. Sec. N.S.S.A., Education Office, County Hall, Chichester, Sussex). The instructor in charge should see that this rule is rigidly enforced. An inflatable lifejacket should be tested before it is put on and it should be at least half inflated all the time it is worn.

(b) Whenever a boat is taken out without an instructor aboard, one member of the crew should be appointed captain and his orders should be obeyed.

(c) Should the boat capsize, all members of the crew should stay with it. The greatest number of fatalities in sailing are said to be caused by crew members trying to swim ashore from capsized craft. The captain should dispose the crew so that the boat can be righted and baled out.

(d) A rescue boat should be available fflr immediate use. Except when sailing takes

place on small inland lakes, the rescue boat should be power-driven, and the engine should be in condition to be started immediately . when required. It should be manned by someone who understands how to handle a power driven boat and how to approach and deal with a capsized dinghy and its crew in the water.

(e) A "look out" should be on duty to keep all craft under close and constant observation.

(f) Visual and auditory recall signals, which should be obeyed by all boats, should be arranged.

.(g) For each session afloat the instructor in charge should define clearly the sailing area outside which boats should not sail without special permission.

(h) Each dinghy should be equipped with buoyancy aids which will keep it and the crew afloat if the boat capsizes and becomes full of water. Dinghies of recognised class should have the buoyancy equipment recommended by the appropriate class association.

(i) Each boat should be equipped with oars or, at least one paddle and carry a baler which should be attached to the boat by lanyards. Proficiency tests for school activities which are recommendations, and not obligatory, have been devised for the certification of sailing instructors and assistant sailing instructors, and published for the Department of Education & Science (reference no. A.W.I00/2(1)99). It is hoped that they will be used as a guide to assist other organisations and instructors in feeling confident that all reasonable precautions have been observed in training for certification (Some associations may have their own tests and standards for certification and wish to adhere to these in preference to recognising other qualifications, but it may be a help to have ' orne indication of the nature and extent of a candidate's previous experience in deciding what further tests may be necessary ) Details of these tests are also available from the Hon. Sec. of the National School Sailing Association, Education Office, County Hall, Chichester, Sussex.

Water Ski-ing

(a) All participants should wear lifejackets or other approved personal buoyancy. Rubber suits, if worn, act as buoyancy aids and it is not necessary to wear a lifejacket.

(b) The towing craft should always be manned by two people: · an experienced driver/ instructor, and a helper or instructor to observe and handle the tow rope, and to keep an eye on the skier.

(c) Ski-ing should take place ill secluded water well away from moored or moving craft, jetties, or other obstructions and swimmers 27

(some local authorities have by-laws regard. ing ski-ing. Make enquiries first, regarding the ski-ing areas.).

(d) In cold weather skiers should wear or "dry" rubber suits, or a sweater with windproof smock, or other suitable light weight clothing to guard against exhaustion through cold.

(e) Instruction in the methods of communication by signals between skier and boat should be given before any practical ski-ing takes place.

(f) When a boat is returning to a fallen skier, the driver should never aim the boat directly at the skier-as his reverse gear may fail him or the engine could cut outalways direc,t the boat a few feet to one side of the swimming skier.

Some Other Water Activities not Included in these Notes

Such activities as cruising, skin diving and underwater swimming have not been included in these notes, but guidance of these activities may be issued in a supplement to these notes at a later date.

Blueprint for "Safety on the Water." Demonstrations. These demonstrations are of interest to the whole family. For a blueprint on staging one write to RoSP A, Terminal House, 52, Grosvenor Gardens, London, S.W.I.

BLOOD DONORS

"We can't go on meeting like this, Bridget"

Reveille

BLOOD ON MY HANDS

by Sgt. John N. Cook

St. John is my main spare time interest when away from my place of work and its completely alien atmosphere to the world of medicine and First Aid. Although, like most members of a Division which is at all active, my time is spread over the many facets of St. John. The role that gives me the most satisfaction, after the actual rendering of First Aid, with its wonderful feeling of responsibility toward a fellow human, is that of passing on what knowledge I have acquired to others, especially to a class of people who have no idea of First Aid whatsoever. One adult lady firmly believed that the blood travelled down one side of the body and returned up the other, an illusion which was rapidly destroyed when she was asked how the blood got from one foot to the other! Therefore, in order to further this interest, I attended a course of instruction andobtained a Lay Instructor's Certificate.

I had not been instructing very long before I realised that, although the Association Manual is an excellent basis for a lecture, it required some further knowledge to lift a lecture out of the all too common technique of quoting the book parrot fashion. I began, therefore, to devour the contents of several excellent books. Having taken care of theory, some awkward questions from the class quickly made me aware that I was talking about some injuries of which I had no practical experience. We all know that Brigade members carry (Jut more First Aid, especially the catastrophic sort, when off duty, but even so, one can serve on and off duty for years without ever seeing a compound fracture, let alone a stoved-in chest. Short of fixing a sleeper to the local railway line a,nd waiting, I could see only one possible step, and I have never regretted taking it.

As I already possessed a Nursing Certificate, to join the N.H.S.R. only entailed signing a form and completing six hours hospital training. The matron of my nearest hospital, Gravesend & North Kent, was already known to me through Brigade activities, and was kind enough to allow me to receive this training in the Casualty Departmentthis was my "open sesame" to the knowledge I sought.

With the help of a number of skilled staff nurses, I finished my six hours long ago, and now attend whenever St. John allows me the time. Almost every visit teaches me something worthwhile, sometimes an example of poor First Aid, always a lesson in human nature and behaviour. If the casualty officer has time, he will often explain what is displayed before the stitches close the picture, which hitherto I had only seen in 28

books. At the same time, the importance to the casualty officer of recorded observations made at the scene of -the accident is only too clear, when it rapidly enables him to decide if a casualty is improving or deteriorating under treatment.

If you sho uld join the N.H.S.R., contrary to popular Brigade belief , you will not be asked to scrub the floors, but you will almost certainly get blood on your hands!

The following books may be devoured by a lay person without causing indige stion:

"First Aid in the Factory," by Lord TaylorLongmans.

"Principles for First Aid for the Injured ," by H. Proctor and P. S. London-Butterworth.

"Atlas of Injury,"-Casualties Union.

"Baillieres Handbook of First Aid," by Belilio s, Mulvany and Armstrong- Bailliere, Tindall & Cox.

"A Handbook for Ambulance R oo m Attendants," by C. E. Watson-Bailliere, Tindall & Cox.

"Baillieres Nurses Dictionary, " by B ar bara F. Cape-Bailliere, Tindall & Cox.

"Human Biology," by Deryck Taverner- Teach Yourself Books.

"Physiology," by David Le Yay-Teach Yourself Books.

"Anatomy," by David Le Yay-Teach Yourself Books.

"Book of the Human Body "-"The Readers Digest" Association.

THE TORO EARTHQUAKE AT BUNDIBUGYO, UGANDA

Report on Brigade Volunteers -

The Brigade volunteers, seen off by the Assistant Director General, St. John Ambulance Association and the Headquarters Officer, Mr. John Kintu, left Kampala on Sunday night, March 21. On arrival, very ear Iy the following morning, they reported to the District Commissioner at Fort Portal who s upplied them with a Landrover to take them to Bundibugyo where they arrived 2t hours later although the distance was only 45 miles. The treacherous and meandering roads through cliffs and escarpments made progress very difficult.

On arrival the contingent reported to the Administrator who provided them with a camping ite in one of the worst earthquake stricken areas near his own headquarters and the dispensary. They l os t no time in pitching their tents and esta blishing a headquarters from which their operatio ns would be directed. Throughout the time they were at this place earth tremors were felt co ntinuously.

At night the population was evacuated from the re maining houses, a wi e precaution because most of the houses were badly weakened by the first disastrou tremors. Mo st important was shelter for the inhabitants-t he greate st immediate need. There was enou gh food because only the " hamba " (thatched huts) had been affected by

the earthquake, so that the natives did not require the de-hydrated food stuffs but needed instead building materials, pools, reeds and iron sheets to commence repairs.

The next day the Brigade contingent divided itself into groups, leaving two members at headquarters to prepare meals and guard the tents and equipment while others assisted the ment Dispensary staff or toured the surroundmg villages to give first aid to the many casualties who had been injured during the earthquake Duringthe night members remained on duty in three hour shifts. Each day the villages which were to be visited next were informed so that when the First Aid parties arrived those who needed assistance were found ready and waiting.

During the operation which lasted until May 7 more than 600 casualties ' were treated. Wherever our member s went they were very warmly received and became known as "Doctors," although no member of the contingent had this medical qualification. This demonstrates the confidence which their handling of the situation and of the casualties gained amongst the villagers. In no place had .our members met with anything but friendliness and co-operati on although in some places other organisations w ho had set up workers' camps in the

A view of one of the worst stricken areas; tremors we re felt continuously throughout rescue operations.

Uganda Press

Toro Mercy Teams. A group of St. John members talking to Mr. L. D. Wilkinson

Assistant St. John Ambulance Association, at Kampala before they left to work among earthquake victims in Bwamba.

a!ea had instances of hostility from the areas who had been injured during the earthquake villagers. DespIte problems in communication and who refused to be transferred to the hospital adverse geographical conditions and in Fort Portal or even to the Dispensary at Bundimedical facilities, the work of ;ach of the teams bugyo. However, they responded very well to the was great.1y assisted by the good guides who treatment given to them in their own homes. accomparue? them. The practical assistance given Owing to the difficult terrain which made transby the Bngade was greatly appreciated, and port. a it was necessary to set up accounted for the people's friendly attitude. mobile dlspensanes rn each area. The medical staff

Within two days First Aid equipment was almost were assisted by Brigade volunteers . an S: O.S. was sent for further sup- Communication was another major difficulty as plies ImmedIately. shs. 850/- were bouaht from many messages had to be sent on foot from one pharmacies and further suppliesb sent to place to. another although it was possible to get in contrngents. touch WIth Fort Portal through W /T. Bicycles were

.On April 3 St. John headquarters Officer John of very little use owing to the bad conditions of Kintu left Kampala for Fort Portal en route to the roads with which only the Landrover could Bundibugyo with further first aid supplies and cope. also. to tour villages and camps. He was accom- Although water appeared to be plentiful it was on this tour by the Gomb. Chief the area contaminated, and owing to the lack of containers magrstrate, the for Boyan? of facilities for boiling water in the camps, Scouts and by the Bngade Administrative Officer. filling and storage being inadequate or nonIn his report on this tour Mr. Kintu says some existent, many people suffered from stomach and of the. we came across arose from the lack ' skin complaints. of .eXlstrng medical facilities which called for the Mr. Kintu's general comments in referring to volunteers to remain in the area to assist funds the relief in this disaster was to say the. medica.l staff and in order to be of the greatest that the rndIgenous people cannot be convinced aSSIstance .It was for them to spread out that these funds should be administered by anyone over the WIdest pOSSIble "rea including the workers' themselves in their own on the assumpcamps where .althou.gh they ha? people they t10n that the volunteers were usrng money raised lacked first aId eqUIpment. It IS rnteresting to note for relief for their own purposes. This resulted from that most of these people had taken the Association time to time in antagonism towards the work of courses organised last year at Nsamizi or at Kireka the volunteers. as members of NUYO or of COnlmunity Develop-

Food as it has been said before was not much ment. of a problem as the staple diet of matoke was avail-

The cases which had Jo be treated were of a able, and other items such as tinned goods or wide variety including cuts, wounds, dislocation, cereals could be easily obtained by arrangements fever, stomach and head aches. with the Administrator from Fort Portal, as his transport goes there every other day to bring in Besides the treatment given in - the workers' either supplies or a contingent of voluntary camps there were many more in the surrounding workers.

30

This report only covers the Brigade from March 27 to April 7. which marks the return of the first batch of Brigade volunteers to camp Portal but further volunteers will be going to the area to continue the work as long as necessary.

In concluding his report Mr. Kintu paid special tribute to Mr. L. D. Wilkinson, D.S.C., Assistant Director, S.J.A.A., who was responsible for initiating the idea of the relief teams while he was in Uganda, for the help he gave, which contributed so much towards the success of the operation. He also thanked Mr. S. W. Kulubya, C.B.E., Chairman, St. John and Mr. E. W. Oryema, the

Inspector General of Police, for providing camping equipment, and London headquarters for placing £250 at the disposal of the relief fund.

The attitude of the people who suffered in this most unfortunate disaster itself speaks for the Brigade volunteers who did such excellent work in the stricken areas. Their colleagues in St. John throughout the world are extremely proud of the excellent work they are doing.

Many organisations and other Governments also sent help to the victims, among them Save the Children Fund, Oxfam and the Chinese, German and Israeli Governments.

CHARLOTTE AND SARAH

with other portraits, by a St. John Officer

Two old sisters were living together in a council bungalow, Charlotte and Sarah. Sarah was an invalid and she occupied the only bed, which was a narrow one. Charlotte was active; and she had slept in an arm chair for six years, leaving the bed for her sister.

The two women were educated and had travelled abroad before comin g to this town. All was well until Charlotte wa s taken seriously ill. The doctor requested St. John nur sing members to take char ge.

The conditi on of their h ome wa s deplorable. A rota of St. John members wa s f o rmed , and we stayed with the patients f or a f o rtnight until Charlotte died and Sarah was collected by a relation

The first thing we had to do was to persuade Sarah to get up , so that Charlotte could be placed in the bed. We made Sarah very comfortable in front of a huge fire. As a matter of fact she enjoyed all the attention and good food she was receiving. She was happy for the first time in years . Of course, she did not realise that Charlotte was dying.

I happened to be on duty the morning that Charlotte passed away. As gently as I could I explained to Sarah what had happened. I thought she did not understand. She was very calm and collected.

After doing the last offices, I went back to Sarah. About an hour passed when she suddenly said: "I want to put my hat on. I am going to the bedroom to fetch it." I tried to persuade her to let me fetch her hat, as I felt it might upset her if she went into the room. It was not any use. She was determined, so in we went. I stood against the bed so that she might not be shocked by the sight of the still figure under the sheet.

31

I need not have worried. Sarah was delighted that she had got her own way. She walked to the end of the bed, seized Charlotte's feet and gave them a thoroughly good waggle, remarking as she did so, "Good old Charlotte."

She put her hat on and marched out of the room with a firm step. Then sat down by the fire and enjoyed her tea.

Not Welcome

One day a most respectable tenant moved into one of the O.A .P.'s bungalows . I must emphasise that she was indeed respectable and so refined that she did not associate with her neighbours in any way.

She had been there about a week when I was called in by her next-door neighbour. I found her in a poor condition, rather muddled and covered in bruises. I gave her first aid and treated her for shock. I at once phoned her doctor.

Next day I called to see if I could be of any use. She received me in a very frigid manner. Indeed, I felt snubbed.

A week passed. Then, one evening about nine o'clock, I was again sent for by her neighbour. It appeC\;red that the very respectable and refined tenant was shouting at the top of her voice, and her language was truly interesting. I knocked at the door and asked her to let me in. I gathered that she had fallen just inside the door. She replied, with loud hiccups, that she could not move. " Very well," I said, "I cannot break your door in , but I will phone your doctor."

This I did, and - explained that his patient was flat on the floor and disturbing the peace. I asked him what he wished me to do. His reply was short and to the point: "Police." -

Uganda Argus

The police arrived, broke a window to get in, heaved the patient up into a chair and departed. The next day this most respectable female left for a new residence-a home for alcoholic patients.

Winnie is her name and she is aged about ninety. She lives in a bungalow on her own. Every evening Winnie goes out carrying a big clock under her arm.

She looks a very frail little woman. Strangers are sorry for her. She stops them and asks the correct time as her clock has stopped. She explains that she has not a fire and that she feels dreadfully cold. The strangers always react in the same way. Coins of the realm are given and accepted gladly. The stranger departs and Winnie goes through her act again when the next one appears. Soon little Winnie has collected enough for her visit to the local inn and she can then purchase that which her soul loves, beer!

One day I am washing Winnie and ask her to move away from the boiling kettle. "I will," she says, and repeats it, "I will." Suddenly she looks up at me, "I have said that somewhere before," "Yes," I reply, "in church. You have been married twice I believe." After thinking for a few minutes Winnie tells me in a solemn voice that she thinks she will marry again. She says: "I still have my chances, you know."

The Perils of House- toHouse Collecting

(Continued from page 24)

correct answer to envelope collectors, but 99 out of 100 people say, "Oh," and shoot aW,ay to hold a conference with the family as to where the envelope has got t,o, or else swear that they have never received one. We have got wise to that one. Smiling sweetly, (the smile is a great help) we say "The youngsters must have missed you out when they were delivering the envelopes, but I have a spare one, if you would care to give." This is unashamed blackmail, but one usually gets away with it. I never mind a polite refusal-everyone is entitled to his ,own opinion. I do object to downright truculence, and this is the one thing that makes me want to turn tail and go home for the evening. However, right next door to this rude person there is usually the nicest one living (cause and effect?! and. we are off again, admiring pretty gardens, dlscussmg the weather, sometimes even being complimented OR some act of First Aid by a St. J,ohn member.

Collection over, the next chore begins. Opening the envelopes and counting the money. Why do so many collectors end up with an odd halfpenny?

Three for decimal coinage if they can do away with this little demon. Even opening envelopes has its hazards. There is one thick corner

Little Winnie does not take her evening walks now. She is very comfortable in a home.

Lend an Ear

Welfare service for geriatric patients should be an essential duty for St. John members. It is exceedingly well worth undertaking.

To someone not so young, perhaps unable to go out, it means a great deal when an understanding member calls. The visitor must be tactful and really sympathetic, and be prepared to listen, and listen and listen. THIS IS IMPORTANT.

Welfare service covers a wide field. Shopping, library books to be changed, writing letters, collecting clothes from W.V.S. The welfare worker is there to call a doctor when one is required, fetch medicine from the chemist, bath the patient if requested to do so, wash the hair, shave a male patient if he is unable to help himself.

Great tact is required. Only if the patient seems willing, or is really in need, should it be suggested that help can be given.

If the patient is' ill or alone, the welfare worker should ask the doctor or the District Officer if a "home help" may be sent. Other duties are notifying the patient's friends or relations , and visiting patients in hospital.

where the envelope is folded. Sixpenny pieces manage to lurk in this corner and it appears that the envelope is empty. How I hate sixpenny pieces. (If any generous donor is reading this, I mean I hate counting them!) One envelope this year contained no less than ten shillings-worth of sixpences. Very generous, and we were duly grateful, but four half -crowns would have been nicer!

Feeling what I took to be a sixpence in the corner of a thin envelope, I ripped it open with gay abandon, only to find that I had torn a cheque for £2 2s. }n three neat pieces! Fortunately the bank were sympathetic and with the aid of some sticky tape I put it together again, and signed a statement, "confessing" my crime. This should have taught me a les so n , and indeed I felt most carefully before I opened an envelope again. The very next day I felt a half-crown inside, tore it open, only to find the generous donor had put in the half-crown and a ten shilling note. Out came the sticky tape again.

Still, it is all over now. We had some fun , in spite of the rain and the snow. Our c,offee parties in various members' houses afterwards were very enjoyable, and the funds are swelled by £202 odd. In spite of this I have a private wish: If some wealthy soul would give us £1,000, we need not collect again for five whole years! My garden would be weed-free, all the hedges trimmed, bedding plants put out, grass cut. Except, of course, if it happened to rain, as it undoubtedly would at that time of year!

OLDEST DIVISION IN THE BRIGADE?

I think the Ipswich Division was one of the earliest in the Brigade, but these photographs, of course, were taken during the 1914-1918 War.

The occasion was a garden party for the wounded men from the Ipswich and East Suffolk Hospital, "Broadwater." I do not know when Coulcher, M.B .E. (left), formed the Nursing DIVIsions, but it was prior to 1914 when I and my sister joined.

The garden party was given by Mr. Whitfield King, the philatelist. I am on the extreme left (below) with the group of men, and our ground length dresses are in evidence, though the white pleated ribbon frills in our bonnets don't seem to show! The two straw-hatted gentlemen were our two Div Surgeons, Mr. Hossack and Dr. Fryer. Yours sincerely, (Mrs.) JANET R. MAYNARD, S.S. President, Bromley Nursing Division.

Lady Brecknock in Jamaica

MALTA

The Great Siege Commemoration Stamps

Lady Brecknock, Superintendent-in-Chief.

S.J.A.B., at King House with HE. the Governor General of Jamaica, Sir Clifford Campbell.

Gleane r Co. Ltd

Lunch at King's House. Lad y Brecknock is sitting between H.E. The Governor-General, Sir Clifford Campbell and The Hon Mr. Justice G. E Waddington, Chairman of the St. John Council.

Gleaner Co. Ltd.

2d. Stamp

The stamp depicts Grand Master Jean Parisot de la Valette-1557/1568-discussing the plans of Valletta, and shows also La Valette's coat-of-arms.

Soon after his election to the Grandmastership of the Order of the Knights of Malta, nine years before the building of Valletta was actually started, Jean Parisot de la Valette had proposed to build a fortified city on Mount Sceberras, known also as Mount Saint Elmo.

Picture shows, l to r, Mr. Rupert Williams, Deputy Commissioner St. John Ambulance Brigade, Jamaica

S.E., Lady

Marjorie Countess of Brecknock, Mrs. Valerie Rotheray, District Supt.

Jamaica SE., Dr. R. D. K. Levy, Senior Commissioner for Jamaica, during the Superintendent-in-C hie/, s recent visit to the Island.

Gleaner Co. Ltd.

After the Great Siege of 1565, when an army of over 40,000 Turks had laid waste the country and altered out of recognition all the fortifications of the Island, it was decided to build the new city that was to be strong enough to defy the enemies of Christendom. In the spring of 1566, a few months after the great onslaught was over, the building of the new city was started in earnest.

3d. Stamp

The stamp shows Pope Pius V, afterwards Saint Pius V, with attendants, and Pope Pius V's coatof-arms

Pope Pius V gave every possible help to GrandMaster La Valette when the construction of the new city was decided upon. He solicited the help of all the princes of Christendom who showed great sympathy but insufficient generosity. The Pope, however, provided ample funds from his private coffers.

35

6d.Stamp

The stamp illustrates the layout of Valletta as depicted in late XVI Century prints. Engineers and master masons are represented in the background. The coat-of-arms of the city-a golden lion rampart on a red shield-is also shown on the stamp.

The city, the building of which started in 1566, girded with its mighty walls, was ready to receive the Government of the Order in 1569. The qualifying term of Hnmilissima was also added to the name of Valletta.

Is. Stamp

The stamp depicts Francesco Laparelli discussing plans while workmen are shown dressing stones in the background.Francesco Laparelli from Cortona in Tuscany (1521-1570) was Michelangelo's assistant when the building of St. Peter's dome in Rome was taken in hand. He was at the height of his career when he was sent to Malta by the Pope to help Grand Master La Valette in his new venture. He prepared the plans for the new city and conducted the first phases of its construction.

2s. 6d. Stamp

The stamp shows Girolamo Cassar, in the company of two assistants, examining a design of the exterior of the Church of St. John which is also shown in the background.

When Francesco Laparelli, who prepared the layout of Valletta, left the Island in 1569, his Maltese assistant, Girolam Cassar, was entrusted with its completion. He was promoted Chief Engineer of the Order and was sent to Italy to acquaint himself with the progressive trends in architecture. The Auberges of the Knights, the Churches and practically all the other buildings constructed in Valletta before 1580 are due to him. His masterpiece is the Conventual Church of St. John.

The Commissioner in Malta will be pleased to send mint sets to readers who apply to him. Readers should send the face-value of the set, plus postage.

No commission is being charged for this service but contributions to the Malta Brigade Fund will be gratefully received by the Commissioner:

Lieut.-Colonel J. V. ABELA, O .B.E ., K.St.J., G.P.O. Box 560, VALLETTA, MALTA.

KEEN RIVALRY AT CHANNEL ISLANDS COMPETITIONS

The Lieut.-Governor of Guernsey, Sir Charles Coleman, gave praise to all members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade in the islands, Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney and Sark. Speaking at the cadet competitions held at the boys' grammar school on Guernsey between the Brigades from Guernsey and Jersey, he paid tribute to all the St. John personnel for the work and skill they put into their competitions and to islanders outside when it came to the real thing. He hoped the cadets would long continue their good work.

The competitiems were extended over two days with the Jersey contingent travelling up to Guernsey in force, led by their Commissioner, Mr. H. R. S. Pocock . The judges for the competitions were Mr. H. S. Taylor Young and County NursingOfficer Mrs. D. McPherson, who got through some very hard work before announcing their decisions and giving the young and older competitors guidance and instruction which should prove of benefit later.

In the cadet competitions which were staged on April I?, the Jersey members came out on top with a 2 to 1 trophies' victory over their Guernsey rivals.

In the ambulance and nursing cadets Jersey defeated Guernsey by 246 to 215 points; but Guernsey won the nursing cadets' competition by 295 to Jersey's 293 points. However, in the overall markings Jersey took the trophy presented by former Commissi0ners Dr. W B. Fox (Guernsey) and the late Dr. J. R : Hanna (Jersey) with 539 against Guernsey's 510 points.

The teams were:-

Jersey Ambulance Cadets: Cpl. R. Shipley, A/C Alan Quemard , Cpl. Nigel Bisson, Cpl. Geoffrey Bisson, A/C Michael Botrel, A/C Ivor Jones. Nursing Cadets: Cpl. T. Etienne, Cpl. Marie Etienne, N/C P. Nelson, N/C P. Le Brocq, N/C Mary Norman, N/C Ann Medder.

Guernsey Ambulance Cadets: Cpl. C. J. Robert, Cpl. S Le Lerre, Cpl. R. D Rabey, Cpl. P. H. 36

Touzeau, Cpl. Alan West. Nursing Cadets: Sgt. C. Windsor, Cpl. J. Jaffrot, Cpl. T. Le Page, N/C S. Robert, N/C J. Brehaut.

Thursday afternoon was devoted to the adult competitions, and in these it was Guernsey inembers' turn to triumph, for they won the three trophies compared with Jersey's nil The main trophy was the one presented by the late Sir Victor Carey K. St. J. (Guernsey) and Lord Coutanche K. St. J. (Jersey), both of whom were Bailiffs of their islands. For this Guernsey accumulated a grand total of 6091 points against Jersey's 576 points.

In the ambulance team and individual tes ts Guernsey scored 291 against Jersey's 275 'point s; while in the nursing section Guernsey had 31 8t compared with Jersey's 301 marks

The winning Guernsey teams were: Ambulan ce : Cpl. B. Taylor, AIM's P. Williams , C. Le Pa ge, M. T. Le Tissier, A. J. Mahy. Nursing Cpl. Mr s_ A. Harvey, N / Ms Mrs . P. Bartlett, Mrs . H. Eaton , Miss S. Le Mesurier , Miss J Le Page.

The Jersey teams were : Ambulance : D / Off. T Hamon, Cpl. E. F Guy, AIM N. Allenet , AIM D. Short, Cpl. R. Channing, AIM M. H a m on Nursing: D /O Miss M M a rtret, NIM Mrs. A Short, N / M Miss M. Le Masurier, Cpl. Mrs . M . Smith, Cpl. Mrs. D Langlois, N / M Mrs M Garnier.

Trophies for the cadets were presented by Guernsey's Lieut-Governor ; while the adult trophies were handed to the winners by Mrs D McPherson .

The teams' and officials' dinner, staged at the Hermitage Hotel , was attended by 120 people The toast to the Queen was proposed by Guern sey Commissioner Col. R B. Broadbent who g ave a very warm welcome to "our Jersey friend g, and the two judges who had carried throu gh the competitions in a sporting spirit and made them the more enjoyable." Regretting the absence of the Lieut.-

(Continued on page 39)

D/S/O A A. W. W eston, B E.M., recei v ing his insignia as a S erv ing Broth er fr o m the Lord Prior , Lord Wakehurst, at a recent In ves titure. Mr. Weston is on e of the few p eopl e outside the A rmy Department to rec e i v e the Ministry of Defence (Army Department) First-aid Certificate of Merit, an award which he gai ned for rendering f i rst-aid with outstanding skill and at great personal risk. In additi o n to the enormous amount of first-aid instruction w hi ch Mr Weston carries out, he is also a member of the Brig ade Voluntary A i r Attendants' Section which has taken him to Ku w ait (three times) , to Holland, G e rman y , North ern Ireland and Jersey and also on internal flights.

Warburton

L ONDON DISTRICT FIRST AID FINALS

V ic t o ry s m i l es from the 9 1 Palm ers Nur sin g Di v ision w ho wo n th e ove r-all Cup i n all sectio ns. Th e individual N ursin g B ow l an d th e B rooks E f fic i e ncy Cu p for t h e m e m be r g ai ning th e h ig h es t marks in all sections.

(l to r) Di v Supt B. Charlton, N 1M. G. Coo k, N / M. A. V an Lint and Sgt. J . W in t ersgill.

J o hn WarbUrton

John

No. 25 Southgate Nursing Cadet Division over-all winners in all sections and also winners in the Uniform Inspection.

(l to r) Cadet Cpl. M. Wright, Cadet Cpl. M. Wood, Cadet R. Chapman, Cadet I. Chessum, Cadet K. Crane.

John Warburton

No.3 Gra y s Ambulance Cadet D ivision over-ali winners in all sections.

(l to r) Cadet Sgt. H. 1. Clinkard, Cadet Cpl. A. F. Full er, Cadet Cpt. 1. Pipes, Cadet S. R. Pankhurst, Cadet B. 1. Dicke ns.

John Warburton

No. 211 National Dock Labour Board, Surrey Docks Ambulance Di v ision ove rall winners in all sections of the London (Prince of Wales' District) First Aid Competitions, the highest individual trophy and the Claridge Cup for the smartest turn out.

(l to r) Div. Supt. W. A. Oliver, AIM. 1. Harris, Staff Sgt. F. E. Cowling, AIM. 1. Newcombe, AIM. 1. Sweeney.

John Warbunon

K een R i val r y at Channe l I sl and s Co m peti ti o n s

(Continued from page 36)

Governor he read a letter from him in which he paid tribute to the work of St. John in these islands and Col. Broadbent then thanked those responsible for staging the competitions. Complimenting the teams that had taken part he praised them for their hard work in training which had been so evident in their performances.

Replying, Commissioner H. R. S Pocock of Jersey thanked the Guernsey Commissioner and all members of the Brigade in Guernsey for their magnificent hospitality and the smoothness and efficiency of the competitions. He, too, thanked the judges for their decisions which were right in perspective as the right team won. He stressed the little difference there was between winning and lo sing. "We must all strive to win but the real thing is to have made that tremendous effort in competitions which renders us more serviceable to our fellow men."

Mr. H. S. Taylor Young speaking for him self and Mrs. McPherson , said he had first started coming to the isl an ds in the early 1940s just after the war and it gave him enormous plea sure to come. "I like judging in these islands, for those judged are so sporting in accepting our verdicts, and learning from them. Also another pleasing factor is that you members from Guernsey and Jersey are always willing to listen and apparently no-one really minds if you lose. I can think of nothing more to the betterment of St. John as a whole, than this annual 'blood' match between the i land s-a nd may it go on for ever."

After dinner the remainder of Thursday evening was devoted to dancing

INVESTITURE PHOTOGRAPHS

DON'T DELAY- ORDER TODAY!

INVESTITURE PHOTOGRAPHS MUST BE ORDERED IN ADVANCE.

Photographers atten ding Investitures represent the local press. The cost of commissioning a photograph i £1 an d anyone wishing to be photographed should as soon as possible

1. Send a written request to the Press Office , 10 Grosvenor Crescent, London , S W 1.

2. With their name and address.

3. Enclosing a cheque or postal order for £1 made out to the Order of St. John.

4 Provide a few biographical details .

Solution to Crossword No. 29.

Across: 1, Achromatopsia; 9, Triceps; 10, Ca.tar.rh 13, Eros; 14, Helix; 15, Unna; 18 , Toddler; 19, Entreat 20, My.c.o.sis; 23, Inertia; 25, Chip; 26, Villi; 27, Fuel 30, Neglect; 32, Incisor; 33, Ethyl Chloride.

Down: 2, Cricoid; 3, Reed; 4, Masseur; 5, Tac tile; 6, Pate; 7, Air; 8, Streptomycin; 11, Rinne; 12, Heart failure; 16, Blast; 17, O.the.r; 21, Cling; 22, Sciatic; 23, TIl will; 24, Trussed; 28, Deny; 29, Scar; 31 , Eye.

R EVIEW CROSSWORD No. 30

Compiled by W. A. Potter

ACROSS

7. Part of anatomy one may be asked to lend.

8. Take doctor and use with returning part to catch vermin

10. Identical twins are.

11. Phys icist who, with his son, used x -rays to study crystals.

12. Narcotic medicine containing drug from poppy juice.

13. Skin lesion due to allergy, not the weather.

16. Suture material taken by barristers.

17. Ganglia, metabolic rate or narcosis can be.

18. Dry and barren in popular idea.

21. Frightened after neurectomy?

22. Dangers from pliers.

24. Waste meat.

26. Seed from which strychnine is obtained.

27. Inflammation of light-sensitive part of the eye.

28. Toughen by repeated exposure.

DOWN

1. Antibiotic could be nice in pill.

2. Practice the battalion medical officer might have?

3. D iagnostic clue in unconsciousness due to alcohol, diabetes and uraemia .

4. Fever following labour-but there is no political significance.

5. Wash for patient who has to have complete rest.

6. Form in which most nitrogenous waste is excreted by kidneys

7. Water frolics between cornea and lens.

9. Bone condition characterised by enlarged head , bowed legs and hump-back.

14. Anaemia formerly treated by giving liver, now by vi tamin B 12.

15. We may do this as a kind of mnemonic.

19. Tin reel for anaesthetic.

20. Unknown ragged sore is producing abnormal dryness of the eye.

23. Be from East Eleven Street

25. High calorie foods usually rich in vitamins A and D.

TRADERS DONATE £500 MOBILE UNIT

Mr s . D J . H awk in s, Pr eside nt of Saff ron Wa lden Nu rsi ng

seen wea rin g h er c h ai n of office,

The new mobile unit is dedicated by the Canon Christopher Perowne, T D., Sub-Prelate of the Order of St. John, Capt. R. S. Wenley, T.D., J.P., Commissioner for Essex is also in the picture.

"SAFFRON WALDEN-=Gawd 'elp yer!"-so, it is alleged, said the Ticket Collector at Liverpool Street Station, in the days before Mr. Beeching's axe severed the little branch line which served one of the oldest Boroughs in Essex. He was presumably implying that Saffron Walden was a God- ' , forsaken spot at the "back of beyond," and he couldn't have been farther from the truth! Not only is it a delightfully charming town, but it also boasts Ambulance and Nursing Divisions of the Brigade.

There has been an Ambulance Division in Saffron Walden for a great many years. Back in the '30s, it was proud possessor of a 1929 one-ton Ford Ambulance, complete with gatechange gears, and a magnificent bell which emitted a strident clang whenever you managed to stamp 40 a foot on the shiny knob on the fioor. This grand old lady Ford eventually outlived her owners, most of whom migrated into one or other form of war service, and following the withdrawal of the last of the Civil Defence ambulances in 1945, she found herself to be the sale conveyance of stretcher cases over a 10-mile radius. On many an occasion her exhaust glowed red-hot as she raced to beat an un-anticipated stork! The end of her long and useful life came in 1946 when her duties were taken over by a ten-year-old Morris Commercial formerly used for infectious cases only, which, in tum, gave way to the gleaming new vehicles of the newly-formed County Ambulance Service in 1948.

life of the Saffr on Wa lden Ambulance Division, th e r emn a nt s of i ts fund s p assin g t o Co unt y Headqu a rt er s. F or a sh ort time the Brigade did not fun c ti on in Saffr on Walden , but in a couple of yea r s after the wa r the Ambulance Division had re-formed with two or three of the pre-war member s, joined b y a few new recruits . During the ne x t deca de , one or t wo member s left , and their places were ta k en by other n ew fa ces, but the y had little succe s with re cruiting new members and their numb er s h av e remained a t ab o ut the half-dozen ma rk In the ea rl y 1950s, a s a result of an N.H.S.R. r ecruiting campai gn, a Nursing Division was formed with a n active membership which has been ma intained a t between fifteen and twenty.

Public duties have con sisted mainly of outdoor function s, such as fetes , carniv a ls , football matches a nd the like, and the lack of a n a mbulance has not been a serious handicap. However , the difficulties of oper a ting a First Aid Post in a Boy Scout tent, and the sheer hard labour of packing a nd unpacking equipment from car boots , turned duties into drudgeries , p a rticularly as far as the Nursing Division members were concerned.

germinated the idea of building a bod y to fit on it a nd using it as a substitute for the B oy Scout tent. The plan did not come t ,o fru i tion, ho wever, since, on closer ex amin a tion, the chassis was found to be badly rusted in many places, the brakes , originally hydraulic, had long since ceased to function, and even if the wheels were to be gi ven new 19in. tyres , there was still no guarantee as to it s towing behaviour.

The disillusioned owner of the rusting piece of junk reluctantly ca me to the conclu sion that he would have to continue unloading his boot into the Boy Scout tent! Some months later, he was lamenting this situation in conversation with a bu siness friend , the Managing Director of a coachbuilding compan y " Go and buy a good chassis ," wa s the coachbuilder ' s surprise reply, " and I'll build you a good body on it."

The war thus saw the end of chapter one of the

Three or four years ago, one of the Ambulance Division members acquired an old trailer chassis which had previously carried a boa t, and from this 41

B y the ne x t meeting of the Division the oncedi sillusioned member had dreamed up a new variation of the original theme. If one firm could cheerfully make a spontaneous donation of £250worth of high-class bodywork, then perhaps other firms in the town could be persuaded to donate goods and services towards the completion of the project.

The scheme , was discussed a t length at the

The comparatively small size of this mobile first aid post makes for easier man-handling, towing, and manoeuvring and parking in narrow streets. '

Divisional meeting, and after much heart-searching, it was decided to invest £124 of the Division's funds in a brand new Dixon-Bate trailer chassis.

From this point, the Mobile First Aid Post caught the imagination of Saffron Walden businessmen, and met with continuing success. A local architect drew up the plans to the Division's specification and provided blue-print copies; a nationally fam.ous company with a large transport fleet collected the chassis from the Dixon-Bate works at Chester and delivered it to Saffron Walden; a woodwork firm made the cupboards and lockers; a builders' merchant donated the specially-made sink unit and water tank; the Calor Gas equipment was given and installed by the local agent; an electrical contractor undert.ook the wiring installation; one local garage provided external lighting fittings, another painted the coachwork in gleaming black and white cellulose, whilst a signwriting firm carried out the fine display of lettering. Saffron Walden Round Table allocated £"30 from the proceeds of its annual Charity Ball to purchase the fluorescent lighting units and ingenious mains/battery equipment; upholstery and

floor covering were given by a furnishing company, and a tent maker tailored the canopy curtains. To complete the list, another proJTIinent citizen made an anonymous gift of an electric fan.

After months of planning, liaising, co-ordinating and dove-tailing together the many participants in the project, the M.obile First Aid Post of the Saffron Walden Am bulance Di vision became a reality. It made its debut by touring the town in the Saffron Walden Festival Procession on April 30. During the following week it was on show in the local Industries Exhibition, where it won high praise from Mr. Peter Kirk, M.P., in his speech at the .opening ceremony. Finally, on Sunday, May 8, at a public service in the Town Hall, the Mayor of Saffron Walden, acting on behalf of the donors, presented the unit to the Brigade, in the presence of a large audience of guests and contingents from neighbouring divisions. The Commissioner for the County of Essex, Capt. R. J. Wenley, T.D., J.P., accepted the unit and expressed the thanks of the Brigade for the generous gift. The Mayoress, who wore her chain of office over her Nursing Division President's uniform, read the lesson, and the unit was dedicated by Canon Christopher Perowne, M.A., T.D., Sub-Prelate of the Order of St. John, who also gave the address.

For those who are interested in the technical details, the unit, which is valued at over £500, is of much heavier construction than the average caravan. The bodywork is framed-up in hardwood, clad externally with aluminium sheet, lined with plastic-faced hardboard throughout , and wall and ceiling cavities packed with glass-fibre insulation. The floor is of lin. T. & G. boards on a sturdy 3in. x 2in. sub-frame bolted to the chassis and impregnated with preservative. The sink unit is laminated on top and front with white Formica, and contains a stainless steel sink bowl, 18in. x 15in. with waste pipe outlet through the floor. A galvanised water tank of 17t -ga11. capacity with draw-off tap is built into one end of the sink unit, and is filled by hose through a filler-cap on the outside front end of the bodywork. At the righthand end of the sink unit is a two-burner gas hotplate, with the Calor Gas cylinder housed below, and easily reached through a centre recess which also provides accommodation for buckets and sinlilar utensils.

Ample daylight is provided by two large fixed windows set in the front end wall over the sink unit, and by a large domed roof-light/ventilator. The latter is of moulded perspex set in an aluminium frame with rubber skirt, and an ingenious mechanism enables it to be opened in any direction to suit the prevailing wind.

a 3in. foam mattress upholstered in a PVC fabric which can be used either as a seat or a bed. An upholstered back rest fixed to. the wall the furnishings, and the floor WIth till. marbled inlaid linoleum fixed WIth adheSIve.

The internal dimensions of the bodywork are 9ft. long by 6ft. wide by 6ft. 6in. clear height. !he rear wall, hinged at the top, is supported by sprillgloaded arms when raised, and forms a canopy which with the roll-up canvas side curtains, extends the under-cover length of the vehicle to 15ft.

The internal lighting installation consists of two enclosed IS-watt fluorescent fittings operating on 12-volts D.C. This is normally supplied from the electrical system of the towing vehicle, but the unit is fitted with a spring-rewind reel containing 100ft. of cable which can be plugged int o a convenient mains point. The 240-volt A.C. supply is fed into a· 5-amp battery cha rger, and the 12-v?lt D.C. output can be used either to operate the lights, or to charge a separate 12-volt battery, as desired. There is also a 12-volt electric fan installed in the vehicle, which should prove of value on a hot day.

This Mobile First Aid Post, whilst being rather more humble and less pretentious than the Mobile Hospitals operated by some Divisions, has certain advantages over the larger units. Its modest size makes for easier man-handling, easier towing, easier manoeuvring and parking in narrow streets, and easier garaging. Although it is sturdily built, it can be hauled comfortably by a medium-sized car at 25 miles per gallon, comprehensive insurance costs only £3 per annum, and upkeep and maintenance costs are practically nil. Its simple layout and equipment is adequate to provide First Aid facilities for virtually any injury or sudden illness likely to be encountered in a public gathering. It does not aspire t o be a hospital, since hospitals are invariably within half-an-hour's ambulance ride, and the majority of cases dealt with do not need hospitalization.

The Saffron Walden Divisions can be justly proud of their new acquisition. Its sound construction by good craftsmen from high quality materials should ensure it a life at least as long and useful as its predecessor, Old Lady Ford!

Any Division requiring a copy of the working drawings should write to J. C. Turnbull, 17, Audley Road, Saffron Walden, who will be pleased to forward one.

A cupboard 9in. deep by 18in. high, with adjustable shelves and sliding doors, runs the full length SURGEON & NURSING OFFICERS of the left side wall at high level. On both sides CONFERENCE AND ANNUAL DINNER , of the centre gangway are locker units 7ft. long The Surgeon and Nursing Officers Conference by 2ft. wide by 14in. high, again with sliding doors. and Annual Dinner will be held at Nottingham These lockers cover the wheelboxes and also pro- University, September 16 to 18, 1966. Please vide valuable storage space. The left side unit is apply for application forms to Staff .Officer G. fitted on the top surface with steel tracks to form Kirkham, Conference Secretary, Surgeon-in-Chief's a stretcher fitment, whilst the right side unit has Department, 8 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W . I. 43

Interior of the mobile first aid

A congratulatory handshake from Mr. F. G. Thomas, M.A., of the National Dock Labour Board, when a special award of a gold and silver wire pocket badge of the Board s coat of arms was presented to Mr. George Craft, Competition Secretary of the St. John Ambulance Association, in recognition of his services to first-aid in the industry over a period of twelve years. This was the first time that the Board's coat of arms was presented to someone outside the industry. The presentation was made at the N.D L.B. National First-Aid Competitions which were won by the team from Hull, while the runners-up, Grimsby, carried off the award for the Best Individual (Nos 2 & 3)

The Hospitallers Club of Wales have a new ly formed social Club which gave i ts fi rst B all recently. Membership includes past and present officers of the Bri gade in Wa l es, and they and their friends were welcomed by thei r Presid en t, the Lord Aberdare, D.L (2nd from l eft), w ho is s een in the picture chatting to Mr. C. J. Parry (lef t), Brigade S ec re tary for Wales, Dr. I. R. I. S R obe rtson, Chairman, and Mr. J L. Da vies, Treasurer. Western Mail and Echo

NEWS FROM ESSEX

Present of a Projector

Over 50 members and friends of the Halstead branch of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and the Nursing Division attended the presentation of a projector and training films by Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Evans in the "Factory Schoolroom recently.

In opening the proceedings, Mrs. M. B. Train welcomed their distinguished guests, "on this unique occasion in the history of the Division." Mr. Evans is Vice-President of the Halstead Ambulance Division and Mrs. Evans, President of the Halstead Nursing Division.

After the official presentation, Mrs. Train said that she was sure the officers of the Halstead Division would use the film equipment to the fullest extent, and also hoped that they would allow other less fortunate Divisions t O benefit from their good fortune.

Making the presentation Mr. Evans said that he was honoured at being present. He was also pleased that he was allowed to be instrumental in helping the St. John Brigade, although it must be remembered that his was a very small part indeed.

"Yours is the greater effort," he said, "and so many should be grateful for what you have done for them."

Capt. Wenley, Commissioner for Essex, thanked Mr. and Mrs. Evans for the gift and stated that it was very pleasing to think that people outside the Brigade thought of them.

Mr. J. Diss, Superintendent of the Ambulance Division outlined the events which led up to the presentation.

He referred to a Division al exhibition which was held last October, saying that, "As usual, the local population showed their interest b y staying a wa y in their thousands Not even the weather was bad enough to drive them in."

"Fo rtunately, however, among those who did attend were Mr. a nd Mrs. Evans, who offered to buy the division some training aid equipment to to the value of £100."

Mr. Diss told the cadets, nurses and brigade members that the projector in question was the best on the market suited to their needs , and the films covered a variety of valuable infonpation which would assist them in the future.

Mr. Evans was presented with a St. John tie and cuff links by Mr. Diss, and Mrs. A. R oerig presented a bouquet of spring flowers to Mrs. Evans.

The meeting ended on a sad note, with the news of the retirement of Mr. C H. Smith, who had joined the Division in 1947.

Mr. Diss wished him a happy retirement, on behalf of the Brigade and presented him with a table lighter. His wife recently retired from the Nursing Division after ten years' service.

4S

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

Advertisements with remittance should be sent to The Advertisement Dept., The St. John Review, 10 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.! (to which address replies to Box Numbers should be forwarded). Rate 9d. per word, minimum lOs. Bo x numbers 2/6 extra Trade ad v ertisem en ts 1/- pe r word, minimum 15/-

FOR SALE

FUND RAISING? Ball Pens are used by everyone . We supply Platignum, known makes at wholesale prices to orgamsat.1ons Your Group tItle, or other wording can be die stamped on ea.ch in Si.lver or Gold as required . Pen cases are avaIlable 1ll vanous colours. Excellent profit (over 50 % on cost) with full ouarantee plus quick delivery extended. Details and sam, pIes forwarded on request. Thompson & Robinson Ltd. ; 20 Churchfield Road , Lpndon , W.3. Tel.: ACOrn 8770.

SU RGEON S UN IFORM , t ai lor-m a d e . 40 in. ch es t , 36in . w ai st 31in. inside le g, ca p ?t in. An y re as on a ble offer ? Bo x 61.

ADVERTISING PENCILS , Superb Ball Pens , Combs, Brushes , etc , ggld- st a mped w ith Bri gad e name , r aise fund s quickl y, eas ily. Repeat orde r s a ss ur e d. Detail s: No r th ern No v elti es Bra d f ord , 2.

WE CA N su ppl y any ty pe o f G as o r E l ectri c Wate r H eater , n ew or r eco n di t i one d. P art excha n ges We a lso fi t in Lo ndon area wit h in 14 d ays o f p urch as e Crane & Son Ltd. , 77 , Streat ha m Hill S .W .2. TUL . 99 11 / 2224.

S.J.A.B BADGE WaH Shields, 32s 6d S J.A.B. Gold cased crested Cuff Links , 52s. 6d. Trophy Shields supplied Men' s White N y lon Glo v es, 14s. 6d. Medal ri bbon Is. 3d each ribbon on buckram for sew ing on uni fG rms, Is. 3c;l. each ribbon if mounted on pin brooch M ed a ls mounted , miniatures quo t ed for. Stamp for l eafl ets . - M ONTAGUE JEFFERY , Outfi tter , St. Giles S t r eet N orthampton

BA Z AA RS , G A RDEN FETES , SPORTS EVENTS, send for ca t a logue. FUND RAISERS , BALLOON RACES PERFU ME CARDS, F A NC Y GOODS TROPHY CUPS , TO Y S , CA RNIVAL HATS , NOVELTIES , etc ALL AT TR A DE PR I CES. Sa v e £ ' s from the largest suppliers in the country S winnerton Ltd ., Dep t. RO. Union Street, Wals a ll .

GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING S CHEMES

MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l

Ophthalmic Student Nurses

Cand i da t es a ccepted at the age gf 16 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students . Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates Well equipped School of Nursing. Successful candida t es , on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice Comfortable Nurses' Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert Hall , Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Tennis Court. Active Social Club.

Applications in writing to the Matron. 46

EASTBOURNE HOSPITALS NURSES' TRAINING SCHOOL (406 beds)

Comprising St Mary's, Princess Alice and the Leaf Hospitals

Applications are invited from (suitably) well educated young men and women of 18 years and over for 3-year courso in General Tra ning

Training is in accordan ce with the 1962 Experimental S yll ab us. Bl ock S ys tem of

MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON E.C.I

Vacancies exist for STATE ENROLLED NURSES to enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing Twelve months' course , of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing.

Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board.

Opportunities for promotion and practical r esponsibility in the specialist field of nursing

Apply to Ma tron, Commander of the Order of St. John , Moorfields Eye Hospital.

POSTAL

SUBSCRIPTI ON FO RM

To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. John , lOG rosvenor Crescent , London , S.W.I.

Please supply j renew * ST JOHN REVIEW commencing with the .... ... .. .. ...... ... .. .. ..... ........ ........... issue

1 enclose 17/- for 1 year

PLEASE NOTE NEW SUBSCRIPTION RATES

Name , IN BLOCK CAPITALS Address

Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to 'Order of St. John.

*Delete whichever is inapplicable

Commercial Union Assurance Group

Appointed insurers for St. John Ambulance Brigade

A ll classes of F ire) L ife) Accident and Marine business transacted

B ranc h Offi ce: G r osvenor H o u s e, I 2 5 H igh Street, Croy do n, Surr ey Tel epho ne : M unic ipa l 2 566 Wi th t he Co mpliments of

TWO FILMS

Rubber Indu stri es anno un c e the availa b ility of two awa r d wi nnin g t echnico l o r fil m s, runnin g time 20 minu tes e ac h .

LE ARNING · TO LIVE

Su i t a bl e f or age gro up s 10 -1 6 yea r s .

Su bj ec t: Sex Education.

Th e film ex p lains clea rl y and sim p ly the male and female r epr o du ctive sys t ems, an d t h e p r ocess of co n cep tio n T his film h as now b een seen by over 500,000 yo un g people, a n d pr ovi d es an excellent in t r o du ction to a s u b jec t which has hitherto been ap proached with hesitancy and often with embarrassment.

A CCORD IN G T O PLAN

S u i t ab l e fo r adult audiences

S ubj ect : Fa mil y P lanning.

The film ex p lains the human repr od u ctive systems and d escribes the various methods availab le for planned parenthood. T his film is being widelY screened to yo u ng wives' cl u bs, clinics, nursing a u die n ces, c hur ch gro u ps, men 's organisations, s tud ent gr o up s, et c.

Both film s a r e availa ble on lo a n co m p letel y free of ch a r g e . A qu a lified speak er and proj ectio n faci li ties a re a ls o a vaila ble without cost fo r sho win gs of "A cco rdin g to Pl a n ."

Full details on request from : Educational Film Unit

LONDON RUBBER INDUSTRIES LTD.

Hall Lane, Chingford , London, E.4

CRISIS?

STATE REGISTERED NURSES available for duties in England or abroad, and for escort duties to any part of the world for patients, convalescents and ir:lvalids.

Southdown Nursing Association

93/97 Regent Street, London, W.I

Tel: REGent 5533

also at 4 East Street, Chichester, Sussex

Tel: CHICHESTER

KINGSTON HOSPITAL

Wol verton A v enue

Kingston-upon-Thames Surrey

(510 beds)

Thi s Ho spital is recogni sed by the General Nursing Council for England and Wales as a complete t r a ining school for Student Nurses

The p eriod of training is three years ;

Preliminary Training Schools commence in January , May, August and October each year. Candida t es mu s t be 18 years of age and well educated.

The Hospital is si tuated in one of the most beautiful areas of Greater London but within easy of Central London by frequent bus and train seTVlce.

Training allowance 1st Year £365, 2nd Year £390 , 3rd Year £420 less board and lodging Gharge of £143 if resident.

C(')mfortable Nurses' Home and good sodal amenities available.

Prospective Candidates should apply to Matron. 48

West Sussex County Council

DEPUTY MATRON required at ALDWICK HOUSE, Bognor Regisa plea.sant Home near the sea for 17 elderly men and women. Genuine interest in care of elderly more important than previous experience Good prospects for promotion .

Salary Scale: £685-£825 per annum, less £156 for residential emoluments.

Single bed-sitting room provided. Additional payment of £50 per annum for recognised nursing qualification

Apply to County Welfare Officer, County Hall, Chichester, giving details of experience and age, and names and addresses of two referees.

CAREER·WITH A FUTURE

Train in Pleasant Surroundings at

Qualified Tutor

Ward Sisters

S.R.N.,R.M.N. orR.M.N. only

Post Registered Student Nurses

Student Nurses

Brochure and Information from: Nurse Recruitment Officer, H a wkenbury Hospital , Benhall

be require d to take the General ur ing Co u nci l Entrance Ex a mination or will be con idered f or State Enrolled ur e Training .

Further particular regarding vacancie can be obtained f rom the ho pital Age on entry m u t be 18 year -f acilitie exi t f or pre - tu dent training if under 18 year.

Tra ining A llowanc e : 1 t year- £30 8 4d. per month ; 2nd 10 Od. per month ; 3rd year- £35 0 Od per month Pupil s over 21 - £43 6 8d. (1 t year) ; £45 8 4d (2n d year).

Pl u d ependa n t ' a ll owa nc e where appropriate. If r ident a ch arg of £11 18 . 4 d . i de du cted from t he a ll owance (£ 15 16s. 8d . for P upils over 21 ye a r ) .

Stat e Re gi tr a tion: App l y to Matron of R oyal Po r t mouth Ho pital , or Queen Alexandra Hos p ita l Cosham , Port mo u th , or Saint Mary Ho pital, Milton R oa d P ort mouth

Sta le E nrolment: Ap p ly to Matron of Qu een Ale andra Ho pita l or P riors dean H o pital , Milto n R oa d , P or tsmouth

Excell en t fac iliti es e i t fo r traini n g und er expert gu i da n ce of traine d t u tors. After a sho rt i n tr o du ct ory CO U e th e training i pl a n ne d . Stud en t will know the timeta bl e f or h oli d ay , tud y bl ock a nd war d v i it

This should be in every ambulance-

Ambulancemen probably have to deal with more cases requiring art ific i al respiration than any othe r branch of the medical profession except anaesthetists - and often in circumstances that are far from ideal. They know both the virtues of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and also its aesthetic disadvantages and practical difficulties in certain situations. In many emergencies special resuscitat on equipm e nt would be a godsend - and the Ambu is just such equipment.

It has been chosen on its merits as the standard resuscitation equipment of Nato forces. It is light, compact and inherently safe It can be used with oxygen when necessary. Its complement is the Ambu foot pump for clearing airways of mucus or blood. Between them these two pieces of equipment can deal with the most difficult cases of resuscitation, yet they are not expensive - each costing only about £15 For further details please write to your nearest British Oxygen branch.

For all you r demonstrations , exercises and petitions, in ad di tion to yo ur weekly trallllllg use

"PLASTIFOL"

PLASTIC WOUND REPLICAS

ThL'se soft, \\ ashable plastic wounds offer unpa rallelcu opportunities in visual First tra.inin" anu ucmun-;lrations and the speed wIth whIch life-like \\ollnds can be attached to the skin saves va lu ab le lime in preparation.

A real injury gives confidence in an emergency. A real injury gives authenticity 10 a demonstrat iOIl. Call he used repeatedly.

1/- ill .,tamps for a full colour, illustrated hooklet giving details of all wounds available. Browning's Ltd., Dept. J, 69 Aberdeen Street, lIull, Yorkshire.

SHEFFIELD

WEDNESDAY

FOOTBALL

CLUB

wish to thank the St. John Ambulance Brigade for their continuous assistance throughout the football season

SPRINGFIELD

HOSPITAL,

Beechcroft Road, Upper Tooting, London, S.W.17

Springfield Hospital possesses a small number of vacancies on the Women s Wards for WARDSISTERS, CHARGE NURSES, STAFF URSES, STUDENT NURSES & NURSING ASSISTANTS , men or women, possessing a good educational background and suitable personality for Psychiatric Nursing. The Hospital is situated within easy reach of Central London and stands in its own extensive parkland .

- All full-time staff work a 42 hour week over a period of six days , alternative morning and afternoon periods off duty. Resident or non-resident. A modern, well-equipped Nurses' Home with up-todate social and domestic amenities is provided for residents.

A brochure giving fuller details available on application to the Matron or Chief Male Nurse.

The STOCKPORT COUNTY FOOTBALL

CLUB thank St. John for services rendered \

How Complan 'helps you help the elderly

The seventh age of man presents age-old problems. One of these is nutrition-how to keep elderly people properly nourished once their taste and desire for good food has diminished. Because Complan is a Gomplete food, containing balanced proportions of all the nutrients needed for complete health, Complan can solve this problem. What's more, Complan can solve it in a way that's acceptable to the elderly. Why do elderly people resort to nutritionally-poor diets? Poor teeth ? No appetite? Can't be bothered? Faddy tastes? Then Complan is the obvious answer. Complan needs no chewing, is very easily digested, takes no ionger to make than cocoa, can be served as a drink or used in cooking, and can be flavoured sweet or savoury to suit all tastes.

A daily cup of Com plan enriches the protein, energy, vitamin and mineral intake of elderly people, to fortify and balance their diets without upsetting ro-utine or digestion.

In times of illness Complan is invaluable. Seriously ill patients can be nourished for months on Complan alone. Remember Complan forthe elderly. This is the complete food that enriches nutritionally-poor diets in a way old people can accept.

Complan-the complete meal in a cup

5/- per 11b pack (recommended

WAR ON THE AGRICULTURAL FRONT

THE ST. JOHN REVIEW

Official Journal of the Order of St. John

Ophthalmic Hospital, Jerusalem

St. John Ambulance Association

St. John Ambulance Brigade

Volume 39 Number 7

CONTENTS

H.E. THE PRESIDENT OF KENYA, M z ee lama

K eny atta , addr ess ing M emb ers of th e Orde r at th e In ves titure in th e State Hou se la s t Mar ch

On the dai s (left to rig ht ) : Sir Charles Markham Commi ss ion e r of th e Brig ade in K eny a , Sir Godfr ey Rh od es and th e Han Mr. Charles Njondo , both of whom a re Vi ce -Pres idents of the K e ny a St. lohn Council.

K e n ya Inf o rm a ti o n Se v ice s

H.E THE PRESIDENT OF KENYA, Mzee lomo Kenyatta , with Mrs. C. A. A Everard, S.R.N., who was appoii1ted an Officer (Sister) of the Order. On the ex trem e left is Mr . David Wilkinson Assistant Director-General ' of the S.l.A.A., and next to him, Sir Charles Markham Commissioner of the Brigade in Kenya.

K e nya Information Servi ces

THE PROBLEMS OF· A MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH

Paper delivered at the Annual Conference, Central Council for Health Education, January 1966

by

W.

G.

Swann, M.D., B.Sc., D.P.H., D.R.C.O.G., D.P.A., Medical Officer of Health, Port and City of London

Wb.en it is suggested to a Medical Officer of Health that he should discuss problems associated with one facet of his work, in this case Food Hygiene, it must at least make him pause and consider what, over a considerable period of time, he has been trying to achieve. It is inevitable that his problems are conditioned by the surroundings in which he finds himself, the nature of his appointment and, I venture to sugge s t, his own philosophy regarding the importance of particular aspects of a problem. No apologies are offered therefore if some of the matters I raise appear to be of little importance to some people while I may ignore difficulties which trouble others . Legislation

In food hygiene, legislation presents a problem in itself. I make no excu se for raising once more the question of registration and prior approval of catering premi ses. On many occasions in an area s uch as the City of London , and thi s must apply to many of our major towns, where accommodation is at a premium and rent s are hi gh , the Medical Officer of Health and hi s taff are a sked to comment on the suitability of accommodati on for catering . Prospective caterer do not always heed the advice offered and this often results in food preparation being carried on in indifferent surroundings thereby presenting difficulties in achieving the standards we have set ourselves. This problem of persuading P a rliament to give further but favourable con sider a ti o n t o thi s matter ha not been resolved and while it can be maintained that there are adequate powers available to . olve any,Problem that may arise in food preparmg estabhshments, I feel nevertheless there is an urgent necessity to prevent a food business being started in inherently unsatisfactory conditions

While the idea of effective legislati on has been put forward it is in no way required for its own sake. On the contrary, the problem of the Medical of Health and the Authority he represents IS the extent to which persuasion and co-operati on ca.n be used when some people- no doubt a mmority-prefer punitive measures

Premises and Types of Business

In areas where there is a large movement of each day from dormitory suburbs to extensIve office and shop accommodation there is 7

the problem of feeding many people in a comparatively short lunch period. This inevitably leads to the establishment of catering businesses of all types-from small sandwich bars to large canteens-which in itself creates problems for the health department of any Corporation. First a deci sion has to be made as to whether or not staff should specialise in taking care of catering in general, and the standards which can be achieved under these specialised conditions. There appears to be no royal road to success and it is suggested that each Medical Officer must consider his area on its merits.

The feeding of large numbers of people in a short period always raised the problem of the reheating of certain items of food, as this practice is common especially in staff catering establishments Most of the outbreaks of food poisoning which we have been called upon to investigate are directly attributable to this practice and to the lack of per so nal hygiene. When called upon to advise ab o ut ways and means of ov ercoming this problem there remain s the difficulty of differentiating between what we kn o w to be perfection and what is f eas ible fr om a practic a l p oint of view We know th a t thi s is a pr oblem of education, but this difficult subject i being di scus sed by other speakers.

Staff Problems

Probably the biggest problem facing a Medical Officer of Health today in his efforts to improve and maintain standards of hygiene in food is the persistent staff shortage, coupled wlth the fact that the only labour available in many cases is low-grade. The mobility of this low grade labour furthermore accentuates the difficulty

Whilst mo s t responsible traders appreciate the importance of hygiene and cleanliness, standards be m a intained without the co-operation of theli workers. In the catering industry particularly, discipline must be either accepted or imposed if meals , safe to eat, are to be provided for customers. In the present state of the labour market where the ultimate sanction of dismissal means nothina it verges upon the impossible for management' to exercise that measure of control over their staff which is so essential if a satisfactory standard of cleanliness is to be maintained. Unfortunately,

management today is often actuated by the reasoning that any pair of hands is better than none and few firms can afford to be selective in their choice of personnel. The more menial tasks in the catering business have tended to be offered to the lowest grade workers, especially in an economy of practically full employment. If there were any severe competition for work many of these would not ·obtain employment. Nevertheless, the use of this low grade labour adds to the difficulty of the caterer who, in any case, cannot escape from his constant day to day struggle to prepare food in quantity. palatable and acceptable to his customers, at prices whicn are keenly competitive and, at the same time, ensure that proper safeguards are maintained in the handling and serving of food.

Unless the catering trade is able to attract labour of a better quality for certain of the less attractive occupations, any further progress in the raising of standards of hygiene must, inevitably, be a slow and laborious struggle.

Catering and Retail Trades

For a number of years, now, the brewers and their tenants have been turning their attention to providing food-snacks to elaborate meals-in their public houses. They have, in common with other caterers, shown their artistry in the amount and arrangement of food which they display, and perhaps to tempt their client have, literally, put their wares under his nose. The protection of food from the risk of contamination under these conditions is still a problem as it is in many retail shops. There is still ample scope in this direction for both the ·industry and individual caterers to exercise their ingenuity but it cannot be pretended that we have the final answer to this problem.

Unfortunately, there is still widespread ignorance about tlie proper use of refrigerators and refrigerated show counters. No doubt all of you have seen pies, sausages, cooked chicken and the like, stacked layers thick on a refrigerated window shelf and it is remarkable the blind faith the proprietors put into these misused pieces of equipment. The effort required to convince some sections of the retail trade that this practice nullifies the usefulness of the equipment is a constant problem and this is one which can only be resolved by constant "nagging."

While on the subject of problems associated with retail trade and particularly the products just mentioned, the price tabs which can be thrust deep into the substance of the food seem to have a fatal fascination for the retailers. Enquiries made by my staff seem to indicate that little attention is paid to any method of cleaning and sterilising this type of label and yet there seems to be "great reluctance to abandon them even when it has been proved that the mould growth in thejr produce arises as a direct result of these practices. 8

Problems associated with Food Hygiene do not arise solely at the consumer stage. The manner in which commodities are handled in self -service stores, open markets and under street trading conditions all give rise to their own peculiar difficulties. Such a simple process as stock rotation and the careless or thoughtless way in which this is approached lead to many complaints but this is a problem which can be easily resolved.

The specialised markets, wholesale meat, fish, fruit and vegetables have been the subject of much criticism in recent years. They have evolved from traditional markets of another age; the buildings and road systems around them are far from ideal in the modern context and the colourful characters who handle the food, while lending much to the atmosphere of the surroundings, are sometimes difficult to convince that Food Hygiene is an essential part of their " profession. "

These markets, in spite of the general public being under the impression that little or nothing is being done to improve and adapt them to present Food Hygiene standards , are changing. The Medical Officer s Department have been asked in the past to c9mment on suggested changes ; the process is still going on, but in the background there is a desire to retain the character of these places, and it is at this point that the Medica l Officer is confronted with what might be irreconcilable points of view. It is easy to destroy our past and replace it by a soulless desert of concrete and glass, but it may be po ssible to serve the end s of both Food Hygiene and tradition if we take care.

There is, as you are well aw a re, a n ex tensive catering trade carried out on a contrac t b asis for the purpo ses of banqueting and individual celebrations. This often involves the prepar a tion of food some distance from the premises in which the "occasion" is being held, with a ll the consequent difficulties Gf transport , pre-cooking, and th e ultimate protection of the food from contamination. The vehicles used for the tran sport of food for these functions, in many inst a nces , are far from suitable for this purpose and many of them are very shoddy makeshifts of some exi stin g design of vehicle.

The food , particularly such items as soups and sauces, are always potentially "witches brews." Close attention requires to be paid to this type of catering. It seems impracticable, under present day conditions, to eliminate contract catering but if everyone concerned is made well a ware of the risks involved there need be no undue risks.

The Agricultural Industry

The hygiene of raw fo ods and those which have been subject to some processing and which will receive no further treatment create special problems. Many of these problems rest fairly and squarely on the Agricultural Industry but, as a

result of their various activities, additional problems have been created for the Medical Officers. Residues from poisonous sprays, the treatment of animal diseases by antibiotics , and modern intensive husbandry of farm animals cause anxiety in many quarters, and while the Medical Officer has the help of his professional colleagues such as the Public Analyst and the Bacteriologist, he mu st ultimately bear the re spon sibility for the decision s taken with regard to the food in question.

The Role of the Public

You will appreciate from what has been stated above- and it is inevitable that many problems have not been raised- that no su ggestions or rules

of thumb have been put forward as the solution of these problems This must the cas.e, becal!se the an swers are likely to be different ill varyillg circumstances and it is this variety that is the challenge to us. It has been said and. is probably worth repeating that. Food I:Iyglene like other Public Health problems IS a SOCial problem . The creation of a climate among the public that many of our social ills are capable of solution , provided they wish for and are prepared to pay for this type of improvement, may be one of the major problems that the Medical Officer has to face

IT CAN BE DONE!

ST JAME S S CHUR CH , A ns ty, W iltshire.

What can be done? The Res t orati on a nd Preservation of some of the rapidly decaying relics , which form part of the Order 's Herita ge.

On Sund ay , May 1, the little church of St. J a mes 's at Ansty , in Wiltshire, wa s filled to overfl owing with pari shioners , local friend s and some members of the Vener a ble Order, at a service of Th a nksgivin g for the rest orati on of the church.

The cerem ony wa s conducted by the Vicar of Swallowcliffe-with-Ansty, the Rev. C. Halstead , a nd among the clergy pr es ent was his predecessor, the Rev. J. V . Roome.

The feature of the service was the address given by the Lord Bishop of Salisbury, the Rt. Rev. Joseph Fison, D D ., in which were the details of the long history of the church and the fine example set by the Knights of St. John in their dedicated work of those distant days. The lovely spring evening was reminiscent of a similar occasion in July 1961 to celebrate the 750th anniversary of the founding of the Commandery of Ansty by the Hospitallers in the manor given to the Order by 9

Walter de Turberville in 1211. In the"years followin g, the church was built by members of the Commandery, helped by local labour, and it has served as the pari sh church ever since; however, during the d a ys of the Order the chancel became their own chapel.

The cost of the present restoration-mainl y to the roof of the church-has been in the neighbourhood of £3 ,600, of which £2 ,000 has been generously given by the Wiltshire Historic Churches Trust , the balance to be raised locally We have lost many of our buildings from the past, of architectural and sentimental value; let us hope it is not too late to save the few that still survive, including the mediaeval Hospice at Ansty, now u sed as a farm store . Help can be obtained from similar "Trusts ," which exist in several counties ; the Ministry of Works in conjunction with the County Councils are always interested and. in addition to these are the Society for the Protectlon of Ancient Buildings and the local Archaeological Societies.

J.D-R.

RUGBY's new Fire Station was opened recently by Sir Philip Southwell, Director-General of the St. John Ambulance Association. With him is the Chairman of Warwickshire County Council , Alderman C. M. T. SmithRyland and the Chief Fire Officer, Mr. F. J. Capron.

THE COMMISSIONER, Sir Terence Falkiner, presented Mrs. Molly B eaumont , Mayoress of H ereford, with her President 's Badge and Certificate at a dinner held recently by No. J H erefo rd Nursing Di visio n. Sir T e re n ce s aid that th e Di v is ion was very fortunate in its new Pre side nt. He also co ngr atulated the Di vis ion on its flourishing situation due to a larg e ex t ent to th e s t er lillg effo rts of its Superi nt ende nt Mrs. S. Jone s. Hereford Ti mes

AREA STAFF OFFICER , Mr W. Pilkington (No. 5 Area, Du ke of La ncaste r's District) handing over the Pilkington Trophy to Div. ISupt. G. Timpson. The Trophy was presented to the winner of the Maghull Marathon Walk during the Whit weekend Also looking on is Mrs. Pilkington. lap Kelso

The Second MidCheshi _ re Open First Aid Competitio'n

The Northwich Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association is holding the MidCheshire Open First Aid Competition, at Winnington Park Recreation Club, I.e.I. Ltd. (Mond Division), Northwich, on Saturday, November 12, 1966.

This competition was first run in 1965 and proved to be very popular and worthwhile The St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade worked in close liaison, one with the other, and 60 teams from all parts of North-West England took part.

Applications for copies of the official entrance form should be addressed to: Mr. J. Carr, Hon. Secretary, Mid-Cheshire First Aid Competition, 10 Gleave Road, Weaverham, Northwich. Cheshire.

10

THE COMPREHENSIVE SAFETY EXHIBITION opened in Islington To wn Hall on July 11th. Se e n here inspecting the S.J.A.B. stand are the Mayor of Islington , Alderman A. J. Coman, J.P ., with the Lady Mayoress and Mr J. C. Bloomfield, F.P.S., President of the Pharmaceutical Society of Gr eat Britain.

MEMBERS of Chatham Nursing Division "lvho have ac hieved a t o tal of 165 years of se r vice Awards were presented to th em at th eir annual in spec tion held rece llt/y. A 40-year Bar has been a warded to Cadet Superintendent Miss C. F. Baker, S.S. St. Jol7n (not in photograph). Area Superintendellt Mrs. D. Dowling, S.s. St. J., former Superintendent of th e Di vision and sea t ed in the ce ntr e, ha s served 25 yea rs.

PholODews L td

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Readers Reply to Mr. Bulpitt

Dear Sir.

I am surprised at the attitude of your reader T. W. Bulpitt (St. John "Review" April), who, having risen to the rank of County Staff Officer from Cadet, takes such a view of the Great British Public. I admit there are some who say to me "You get paid for it," but I then enlighten them of the fact that I do not get paid, and on top of this I tell them of my personal expenses (mainly petrol, etc., for the car) and I usually finish up by getting a "promise" of a donation at our next Flag Day. Whether they do subscribe or not, I don't know, but their general attitude is one of dismay, knowing the sort of money paid to the Fire Services.

I am not intending to "blow my own trumpet" with my next remarks, but, my week is a very "full" one as far as the S.J.A.B. is concerned, and I thoroughly enjoy it. On Mondays during the winter I attend first aid lectures at Tavistock, on Tuesdays I have a section of cadets in the village where I live (I have a dozen boys who are cadets in the village), on Wednesdays I attend the nursing lectures at Tavi5;tock, on Thursdays I am on ambulance duty at Tavistock, and on Fridays I have the Tavistock section of the cadets at the ambulance station. Saturdays-various public duties (using my car) and Sundays, approximately once a month, I do ambulance duty. My wife is a member of the Nursing Division and also takes a class of junior nursing cadets at Yelverton on Mondays, my youngest son is a member of my cadets so, all in all, my family puts in quite a few hours during a week. Yet we love every minute of it.

I am 41 years old and have been in the Brigade for about six years. I only wish I had joined the Brigade many, many years ago. So you can see I also have my fair share of expenses-but I would not dream of withdrawing my services (however small) because of the remarks of the few, and let's face it, the majority of the British public do appreciate the work done by the St. John Ambulance Brigade and Nursing Divisions and let's not forget the cadets also. Perhaps Mr. Bulpitt will now come back into the Brigade and still give of his very valued service-no matter how small.

Yours faithfully, G. J. D. Soper,A/Cadet Officer. 12

Dear Sir.

I am surprised it took Mr. T. W. Bulpitt so long to realise that being a Brigade member is a mug's game (April 1966 issue). I realised it long ago. At least, I would have so realised had I wanted someone to pat me on the head and tell me "you are doing a wonderful job"-"you are a hero/heroine"-"you saved my life, how can I repay you?"

One does not become a Brigade member to be told that. One becomes a member because one believes, irrespective of race, colour or creed, in the basic and fundamental law-Love thy neighbour.

As a former C.S.O. Mr. Bulpitt, more than most people, should realise that the Welfare State cannot, nor does it pretend to, cater for everything. Did he never help old and disabled people on an outing or at a party organised by the Brigade?

Did he never assist at an accident, or sudden illness? Did his cadets never visit old people's homes or disabled people, or take them for an outing? Or the many other things Brigade members do?

If Mr. Bulpitt has done any of these things, then I say that every minute and every penny that being a member of the Brigade has cost Mr. Bulpitt has been worthwhile.

So he "gets paid for it now." I feel sorry for him, having such a tender skin must be a burden to him. Personally, I take the greatest delight in telling people I do not get paid-that none of us get paid; that, in fact, it costs us money to be a member. Their look of astonishment is sufficient reward.

The National Health Act has been in force 20 years-the Brigade is an unconscionable long time a-dying.

.

One cannot believe that Mr. Bulpitt means what he wrote. Has all his training as a cadet and as an adult meant nothing to him? Has it all been wasted? If the answer is "Yes ," then I feel terribly sorry for him. He has succumbed to the "rat-race" he decries in his letter. Somewhere he has lost his way. I hope sincerely he soon finds it again

Yours faithfully,

G. S. Tulloch, Div. Officer, Standard-Triumph Div., Coventry.

Cadet Magazine

A most entertaining magazine is "Cadet," produced by the Bury Ambulance Cadet Division, S.J.A.B. Besides containing details of enrolment ceremonies and area competitions, the issue dated May 15 has a number of clever jokes, some of them exceedingly well illustrated.

An authoritative article on crime prevention by the Superintendent of the Bury Division of the Lancashire Constabulary adds usefulness to what is a thoroughly worthwhile little publication.

Mr. Lim Keng HoI' , Dr.

Vellasamy, M.D., M.D.L.M.S., Mr. V. K. Pillay, M.CH.ORTH., F.R .C.S.E and Mr. William Fung, M.CH.ORTH., F.R.C.S.E.

th e St. John Building Fund.

PICTURE shows the arrival of the Commissioners, St. John Ambulance Brigade, of Malaya and Singapore, Dr. Chang Hoey Chan, Dr. K. L. Loh accompanied by District Surgeon Dr. Seah Cheng Siang and Deputy Commissioner Dato A. M Alsagoff Music was provided by the Firth Corp. Bugle Band.

THE FIFTH Annual First Aid Competitions held in Hong Kong last year. Picture shows left to right

K.

THE CAR in which Her Majesty The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh dro) e during their visit to the Island of St. Lucia ear lier this year was raffled. The picture shows Mr. F. Cannon, M.V.O., M.B.E. C.P.M , Chief of Police and Area Superintendent , handing over the keys to the winning ticket holder , Mr. Bruc e Williams, while the Brigade Secretary, Mr. S Brookes looks on. The car was raffled in aid of

THE LESSON OF CROYDON

by F. C. Reeve, S.B.St.J., F.Z.S., F.R.E.S., F.I.C.A.P., Hon. A.F.I.C.D.

It was a typical summer morning. The sun was rising in the heavens, the heat and humidity were increasing, but were tempered by a gentle breeze. I surveyed the mass of work lying on my desk and the huge pile rising from my "In" tray, all awaiting my attention. Then I thought of the sea-front; only 500 yards from my home, the waves gently lapping the shore and the rows of deck-chairs, as yet only partially filled, the remainder awaiting occupants, and a mental struggle commenced. The sea-front won. Picking up a small under-arm case I pressed into it two books which I had been studying, together with my morn.ing mail which, for some unaccountable reason, appeared to be heavier than usual, and within a few minutes I was occupying one of those deck-cha irs which were by now rapidly filling. ,

One of the first items of my mail was a foolscap envelope bearing on the outside the St. John Cross, and was from the Press Office. it was the usual "dope" which I always receive two or three days before each major competition, and this one related to the St. John Ambulance Brigade National First Aid Finals, to be held in the Fairfield Halls, Croydon. It consisted of six folios, an arrangement with which I was quite familiar. Folio 1 contained the general announcement, date, place and time, skeleton programme for the day, the notice that the awards would be presented by Sir Arthur Porritt, Bart., K.C.M.G., K.C.V.O., C.B.E., F.R.C.S., President of the Royal College of Surgeons from 1960-1963, that the Order of St. John would be represented by the SecretaryGeneral, C. T. Evans, Esq., C.M.G. and that the ceremony would be presided over by the C9mmissioner-in-Chief, Rear Admiral Royer Dick, C.B., C.B.E., D.S.C., supported by the Mayor and Mayoress of Croydon. A new name, however, appeared at the foot of the Press notice in place of the familiar "(Mrs.) H. Richards" who, we knew, was visiting Jerusalem. It certainly came as a shock to us all to learn on the day of the competitions that our beloved Heather had met with an accident, in which she had broken a leg, and would be arriving in England on crutches. All readers will, I know, join with me in wisp-ing her a rapid and complete recovery. In the meantime it will be some consolation to her to know that her duties as Press Officer are being taken care of most

efficiently by Mr. W. Hicks.

Folio 2 contained a list of the 31 trophies to be awarded to the winners of the four sections of the Brigade but, instead of passing these over as I usually do, with but a quick glance-for I know them off by heart-I paused to repeat to myself the name associated with each. The names of Dewar and Perrott need no comment from me, for they are now traditional but, as I slowly followed the list, two or three of the names associated with certain trophies seemed to stand out in letters of fire, and for the first time they conveyed to me a new significance. Two of the cups bore the name of White Knox, and they were both for the cadets. Yes, how the Major loved the cadets for, as he has remarked to me on many occasions, "Are they not the men and women of the future, who will carry on the Brigade when we are gone?" Yes, his heart was with the cadets, for he realised fully their potential value. Cadets! Y Oij must not let him down.

Two cups bore the name of Mountbatten, and what memories they recalled of the Countess Mountbatten, herself a qualified State Registered Nurse, and her work for this great Cause. Both the cups were for nursing, one for seniors and one for cadets for, like Major White Knox, she, too, appreciated the value of the cadets. Yes, "our Edwina" was loved by all with whom she came into contact, and the Brigade lost a valued friend when Lady Mountbatten was taken from us.

A name which should never be allowed to fade from memory, that of Corbet Fletcher, identifies a former Surgeon-in-Chief, but will only be remembered by a few of us older members for his prolific writings. As well as being responsible for a number of valuable books on training, competitions, etc., he was a regular contributor to "First Aid," which was at that time the official organ of the Order of St. John, and of which I was later appointed technical editor, a position I held for many years, after it had passed into the hands of a private company. He also answered questions addressed to that journal, and his "Good! Next please" will never be forgotten by the surviving members of that day. The name of Pownall on two cups - perpetuates the name of another man who was beloved by us all, Sir Henry Pownall, Chancellor of the Order of St. John.

14

Thought! Is there anyone sufficiently qualified to write up the histories of our Competition Trophies? Such a work would receive a most enthusiastic welcome.

The next four folios deserve more than passing mention, for they carry the lists of the competing teams, together with some notes on their composition. During the many years in which I have been interested in competition work I have received, and still preserve on my back files, hundreds of such lists, but because, with the exception of a minority of teams which had become famous on account of their outstanding performances, they consisted of nothing more than a list of names which were entirely unfamiliar to me; I had developed the habit of scanning them in a superficial manner and then placing them underneath my sheaf of papers for reference if necessary. Today, for some unaccountable reason, the lists suddenly assumed a new significance and, subconsciously, I began to analyse them, although I had never before realised that they were capable of analysis. As I read the lists more critically other reflections began to crowd my brain, and I began to see links in a chain the existence of which I had never before been aware.

With Major White Knox I have always maintained that the competitions must necessarily exert a beneficial influence upon the existence and training of the Brigade as a whole-but how? I had never before asked myself this question, nor could I attempt to find an answer. If this beneficial influence were to be exerted then, obviously, there must exist a close liaison between the team and the division it represented. Does this liaison exist? My mind travelled back over the years to that far distant evening when I suggested to the division, of which I was then a member, that we should enter a team for the next competition. The suggestion >was accepted with enthusiasm, and I was invited to form a team, an invitation which I accepted without hesitation. Volunteers were asked to submit their names, from which I would select my team the following week. The list contained the names of 80 per cent of the division, and included the D I O (but not the DIS !), N.C.O.s and A I Ms (they were called privates in those days), and I promised that I would announce my selection on the next practice night, although I must confess that I scented trouble ahead. I knew that it would be anticipated-indeed, that it would be expectedthat the team would consist of the oldest and most experienced men, but I had other ideas. I was not mistaken, for when it was disclosed that my team would consist entirely of the newest-joined members there was uproar, and I was asked to explain. My explanation was based upon psychological grounds, which many found difficult to absorb. I explained that the older, experienced and seasoned members, although, individually, good at their work, were, in many cases, set in their ideas, and would find it 15

difficult to conform to my methods-I was very young at the time-directed at "moulding" the team to my own pattern. As no other member could be found willing to undertake the training, however, I was permitted to continue, although I was made aware of the fact that there were some who felt that they had been slighted.

Now let us return to our analysis of the teams, with the Men's Ambulance, when I hope the significance of this deviation will be apparent. Out of the 12 teams entered, five were led (and, it is assumed, trained) by the DIS, one by the D I O and two by sergeants. The remaining four consisted entirely of AIMs, including the leader. In passing it may be noted that only seven teams carried reserves, but the reasons for this could be various.

The analysis need be carried no further in order to reveal some very penetrating questions, yet questions which must be faced if the maximum of efficiency is to be obtained and maintained. The D I S may be assumed to be the most efficient man in the division, this having been the reason for his appointment to the position. Is it not to be expected, therefore, that he would be the man to train the competition team? Is it to be assumed that there are cases in which the team is regarded as a separate entity, entirely divorced from the division it claims to represent? How much real interest is shown by the division in its D I S in the training and progress of the team? Is it possible that the answers to these pertinent questions may be found in my own early experiences? As soon as the team had paraded with the division we would retire to an adjoining room for training, undisturbed, unvisited ,by any other member of the division. We never received a \dsit from the D I S, from whom we would certainly have welcomed a few words of encouragement from time to time, but we were regarded as an entity entirely apart. In other words, there was no liaison whatever between the team and the division it claimed to represent. How, then, could any benefi t be derived by the division from the existence of the team?

Now let us turn to the nursing teams, but our analysis of these is not necessarily capable of a similar interpretation. Regulations provide for the appointment of a Nursing Officer, who must be a State Registered Nurse, to each division, although I believe that in some cases the positions of Nursing Officer and D I S are combined in the same officer. When we note from the analysis, therefore, that of the 12 teams entered, seven were led (and, it is assumed, trained) by the D I S, it is not clear whether or not the D I S was a S.R.N. Of the remaining five teams, two were lead by a D I O, two by a sergeant and one by one of the N I Ms which formed the whole team.

The cadet teams present an entirely different problem for, obviously, the trainers should be seniors, whatever their rank, and I had to postpone

any further investigations until the day of the competition, when I would be able to interview some of the teams. Time permitted me to interview only five ambulance cadet teams, but the information obtained from them was revealing-almost startling-and I do not think it would be advisable to disclose their respective identities. The first informed me that they were trained mainly by the C I S and partly by another member from the senior division , but whose rank they did not know. The next was also trained jointly by the C I S and the D I O. The third team interviewed disclosed that their training was left to an acting D I O temporarily assigned to the cadets, and he was sometimes assisted by his son. In the case of the next team interviewed I learned that the training was shared between a Staff Officer, the C I S, an officer (rank unknown) from the nursing division and one other. The last team interviewed was trained by the C I S.

If the information gleaned from these interviews represents the general attitude towards the training of cadet teams, then a very unsatisfactory state of affairs would appear to exist, and should be remedied without delay. A confidential report from the judges on the performances of the respective teams should provide a useful assessment of the results of the slovenly training methods revealed by these interviews. One cannot help wondering how far the training of the whole of the cadet division is reflected in these revelations.

There now remain only the nursing cadets , but as I had not the time to make any enquiries into their training, only a simple analysis of the composition of the teams is possible. Of the 11 teams competing, two were led by sergeants, four by corporals, three by leaders and two by NICs. Only one team carried no reserve.

That, then , completes the diagnosis , based upon the signs and symptoms at present available, but it is quite clear from the evidence so far produced that, as far as the cadets are concerned, the organisation of training leaves much to be desired. The methods of training senior teams may vary from

INVESTITURE PHOTOGRAPHS

DON'T DELAY-ORDER TODAY! INVESTITURE PHOTOGRAPHS MUST BE ORDERED IN ADVANCE.

Photographers attending Investitures represent the local press. The cost of commissioning a photograph is £1 and anyone wishing to be photographed should as soon as possible

1 Send a written request to the Press Office , 10 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S W !.

2. With their name and adclress.

3. Enclosing a cheque or postal order for £1 made out to the Order of St. John.

4. Provide a few biographical details.

division to division, but it may be assumed that the effectiveness of each method could be reflected in the results obtained in competition. The next question, which arises as a natural corollary, is: What is to be the treatment? This will need very careful consideration, and, doubtless, many schemes will be suggested, but the following may merit consideration. Obviously , this should be the responsibility of a senior officer with vast experience, who is known to be a "competition fanatic." He should be given a roving commission, to visit the various divisions on their respective drill nights, but without previous notice. This would ensure that no special programme would be prepared for his benefit, and enable him to see the team-and, indeed, the whole division-indulging in normal practice as on any other night. He would have to be possessed of considerable tact, for there must be no suggestion of "snooping." He would call as a friend, prepared to offer advice, based upon years of experience, to act as a link between the division , with special emphasis on its competition team(s), and Headquarters. His report, also based upon tactful enquiries, should prove most valuable to Headquarters. At least two years would be necessary in which to judge the results, but I am confident that this scheme would be well worth trying out and, provided it were executed with the required tact and experience, would pay di viden d s.

Perhaps this is hardly the time or place in which to suggest possible names for the position. Unfortunately we are shortly to lose the services of the one man who would be ideally suited for the task. However, the selection would fall to the appropriate authority. The progno sis may be uncertain, but I am sure that it is favourable.

I feel certain that readers will join me in expressing a cordial welcome to our newly appointe d Surgeon-in-Chief, Dr. M. M. Scott, an d agree, a lso, that it was good to see Dr. Graham back in harness, especially in a senior po sition

(Photographs taken at the Brigade Finals at Croydon will appear in the "St. John Review" next month-Editor.)

CONTRIBUTORS TO THE "REVIEW" are req u ested to se nd item s submitted for pub li cation through the COUOLy/Di trict o Area P R.O whe re one has bee n appointed.

Pl ease do n o write on the backs of photOgraphs-it costs a fonune to make b ocks from di sfigur ed photographs. Captions sh o uld be attached to back e dge of picture w th Sellotape.

Please write names of peop e, places and divi s ion s in block letters.

Plea se send contributions as quickly as possible-working thre e months in advance COpy sent in August will appear in Novemb e r! / Please do not se nd colour p rint s. Ideally pictures s hould be Bin. x 6in. g lossy prints.

Please, w hen sending newspaper c utting s, mak e sure that the name of the paper and date of publication are c lear ly marked so that proper acknow ledgement can be give n. particularly importan t when picrures are used

16

THESE three photographs show the St. Joh n Cadet Ambulance Training Camp held recently near Gisborne in the Hawke's Bay / East Coast Pro vince oj New Zealand. The first shows the camp site; the second a cadet team with a patient on an improvised stretcher; and the third a st retcher team having just completed a river crossing. The teams include both Maori and Paheka bo ys Kandid Karn era Kraft

NEW FIRST AID POST ' AT NOTTIN.GHAM'S VICTORIA EMBANKMENT

THE NEW First Aid Post at the Victoria Embankment.

In the report which appeared in the "Evening Post and News" it stated that the inauguration of this First Aid Post will make Victoria Embankment a safer place for children because members of the Brigade would be on duty. The Post was officially opened by the Lord Mayor, Alderman W. Derbyshire.

The hut was built with the aid of a grant from the Edwina Mountbatten Trust and was dedicated by Canon George Sprittles, the Lord Mayor's Chaplain.

DISTINGUISHED CITIZENSHIP AWARD FOR MARKET HARBOROUGH S.J.A.B.

The Distinguished Citizenship A ward-the highest recognition which the town of Market Harborough can bestow upon any of its citizens or organisations for service to the community, has been presented to the Market Harborough S1. John Ambulance Brigade, making them the fifth to receive it since its inauguration in 1955.

This historical event in the life of Market Harborough took place in the Ambulance Hall in Abbey Street before a large gathering of officers and members of the four sections of the Market Harborough Division, including the Commissioner for Leicestershire and Rutland, Mr. L. Lee, and the County President, Lady Helen Berry.

The symbol of the Distinguished Citizenship Award is the Distinguished Citizenship Cup, and the presentation made by Mr. Arthur Tugwell, Chairman of Market Harborough Urban Council, that evening to the Brigade was, "in recognition of the outstanding achievement of the Brigade's Nursing Cadet team in winning the national competitions during the years 1964 and 1965, thereby reflecting great credit upon the town of Market Harborough, and also in appreciation of the distinguished service rendered to the town by the St. John Ambulance Brigade over many years."

The Illuminated Address, which goes with the Award, was presented to the Division, and the cup was presented by Mr. Tugwell to Cadet Sgt. Jennifer Dyson, who led the teams to victory.

After referring to the previous holders of the Award, Mr. Tugwell called upon Mr. O. de Rousett-Hall to propose the motion regarding the presentation. In doing so, Mr. de Rousset-Hall confined his address to the -Nursing Cadets.

"Now let us be quite honest about it, and I hope that the distinguished visitors will not take it amiss-it is the success of the Nursing Cadets that has focused attention on the Brigade as a whole: it is the success of the Cadets which has brought reflected glory to the town of Market Harborough.

"In 1964," Mr. de Rousset-Hall recapitulated, "Cadet Sgt. Dyson and her team won the area competition and then went on to win the highest award open to them at the national finals-the Dunbar Nasmith Cup, together with the BedMaking Cup.

"This year they again won the Dunbar Nasmith Cup in the national finals, and changed the BedMaking Cup for the White Knox Individual Cup, for the winning team in the individual section.

19

They received their awards together with the congratulations of the Minister of Health.

"Their success has brought with it wide publicity for them and thus for the town from which they come," he emphasised.

Referring to the 12 regional competitions: "Here Market Harborough appeared three times, for the Ambulance and Nursing sections scored third and second places in respective classes," said Mr. de Rousset-Hall, adding that he was unable to find any other division in the county with a record to equal that.

In the last two years the ambulance section had entered 18 competitions and won seven of them, coming second in five more. This year alone they had won three shields.

The nursing division was also successful. In 1964 the nursing cadets won seven cups, as well as the Miss Tan shield for the Best Cadet in the .county, which went to Jennifer Dyson. Again, in 1965, they won seven cu ps.

"But," said Mr. de Rousset-Hall, "competitions were only part of the Brigade's activities. During this year they have spent 219 hours on public duties such as point-to-points, motorcycle scrambles, etc., and no less than 668 hours of miscellaneous duties, chiefly at Lenthall and Oxford houses, helping the old people, shopping for them and reading to them:"

In paying his tribute to the Nursing Cadets, Mr. de Rousset-Hall felt that they would agree with him when he said they could not have achieved their success without the backing and tuition of the Brigade as a whole. In particular he referred to Div. Supt. Mrs. M. Mould

"At a time when we have so much adverse criticism of youth , when there is so much evidence of lawlessness and anti-social activity by youths, it is worthwhile remembering that never before has the youth of this county done so much voluntary work."

,He concluded by making one point-"Whether the enthusiasm, energy and idealism of the young people is channelled into entirely social ways, as it has been with these young people, or whether they are allowed to drift into anti-social ways, largely depends upon their elders It is OUI responsibility to show by our enthusiasm and example what exciting things can be done."

Mr. Tugwell, before making the actual presentation, declared his pleasure that the recipients that evening came from two generations.

"They have," he said, "by their very fine example and wonderful enthusiasm, engendered

VICTORIA EMBANKMENT, Trentside, Nottingham.

such a sense of loyalty and esprit de corps for the Brigade as has made this success of theirs possible. "

To Cadet Sgt. Dyson and her team, consisting of Margaret Bowley, Susan TIille, Pamela Street and Shauna Lancaster, Mr. Tugwell said they had worked, studied and practised hard.

"Your efforts have brought you success and high honour. To get that efficiency you needed to draw on the knowledge and experience of your elders," he told them, adding that, with the advantages of youth and experience they had brought about splendid results.

In receiving the cup, Jennifer, on behalf of the Brigade, thanked Mr. Tugwell and the members of the council "For the honour they have bestowed upon us."

The final stage of the ceremony was the signing of the Citizenship Book.

STORY reprinted by courtesy of The Call of St. John, South Africa. District Supt. Mrs. Mati/de Marchant was born in Belgium and went to South Africa after the first World War. She first joined the St. John Ambulance Brigade in Kiniberley in 1936. During the second World War she nursed at the Kimberley Hospital and was awaraed a Certificate of the War Organisations in recognition of devoted service to the cause of humanity. Mrs. Marchant's service to St. John was also recognised by the Order when she WtiS made an Officer Sister in 1963. She has spent her life dedicated to charitable works of many kinds, all of which she does extremely efficiently. Her particular interests are in the Society connected with the welfare and care of cripples. Sterling Studios, Kimberler. S A. 20

Among others present were the Chairman of the Council of the Order of St. John, Mr. H. N. Bream, and County Staff Officer P. W. Jackson.

There was also a second presentation for the Brigade that evening-and this came from the Commissioner, Mr. L. Lee.

This took - the form of an inscribed bronze plaque to be placed in the headquarters as a permanent reminder to everyone of the great success of the Nursing Cadets.

"I have said on previous occasions what I have felt about the winning of these trophies and also about the comradeship of the Market Harborough Divisions, and how proud the town must be of them. I wanted something permanent, something that future generations joining the Brigade would be able to see and from which they would receive some encouragement."

The Order of 'St. John Promotions and Appointments

The follOWing have been recommended for Promotions in and Admission to the Order , approved by H.M. The Sovereign Head , a sfrom the 11th May, 1966

For Promotion to the Grade of Knight

John Tennant, T.D. (f rom Commander); Sir Recinald Watson-J ones, M.Ch., FR.C.S., FR.A.C.S. (from Commander); Colonel Edmund Graham Angus, C.B.E., M .C., T.D., D.L. (from Commander); Rear-Admiral Laurence Arthur Boutwood, C.B., O.B. B. (from Commander).

For Promotion to the Grade of Dame

Mary D orot he a, Mrs. Willans (from Commander); Elizabeth Mary, Mi s Bruce Steer (from Commander).

For Admission in the Grade of Chaplain

The Rt. Rev. Charle Robert Claxton, D.D. , Bi h op of Blackburn.

For Promotion to the Grade of Commander (Brother)

Edwa rd Stanley Seymour (from Officer)' Ben Kendall (from Officer); Henry Franci Parker (fro m Offi cer); Captain Robert James Wenley T.D., J .P. (from Officer); Vernon O sbe rt Lewis (fro m Offi cer); Charle William Leverett, O B .E. (from Officer)' Herbert Stanley Bennett (from Officer).

For Promotion to the Grade of Commander (Sister)

Dor othy, Mr . McFadyen (from Officer) .

For Promotion to the Grade of Associate Commander (Sister)

Aymes (from Serving Brother); (from Serving Brother); John W?lliam Halliwell (from Serving Brother); Ralph Vmcent Rogers?n (from Serving Brother); Ernest M.B .B. (from Serving PercIval AItken R od ge r , M.B., Ch.B. (from ServiI?-g Brother); o wald Townsend Storrs (from Servmg Brother); Walter Levick (from Serving Brother) ; James Albert Russell (from Serving Brother); Charles Philip Longland (from Brother); Kenneth Henry Billin gham (from Servmg Brother) ; Walter Ernest Danks (from Serving Brother); J ohn Harry Wright (from Serving Brother); The Honourable Dat o Haji Megat Khas , D.P.M.P., J.P. , P .J.K. , M.P. (from Serving Brother); Thoma s Caslake (from Serving Brother); Noel Michael O'C onnell Hewett B.A.(Cantab), M R.C.S. , L.R.C.P., D(Ob st.) R.C.O.G. (from Serving Br othe r)' Alwyn Roy Bradley , M.B. , B.S., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. (from Serving Brother).

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Brother) Lieut.-Colonel Norman William James England, M.B., M .R.C.P .; Michael Mark Williams; Alfred Buckley Hamer , FR.C.S.; Neville Warwick; Colonel James Parlane Baud ; Kenneth William Nicholls Palmer , T D ., L.M.S.S.A., D .Phy s.Med.

MR. FRED DYER represented the Western Region N.H.S.R. at the Cenotaph last ye ar. He has served with the St John Ambulance Brigade since 1937 and during the last war with the R.A.M.C. at home and overseas until 1942 when he transferred to the Parachute Regim en t. He rejoined the R.A.M. C. afte r V.J. Day until his demobilisation in 1946. Mr. Dyer is a technical illustrator attached to the Royal Naval Engineering College, Manadon, Plymouth.

Weslern Morning N ews

Datin Sadiah Sardon (from A socia te Officer) .

For Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Brother)

Donald Le lie Br ow n (from Serving Br ot her); Samuel Jenkin Evan, M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H . (from Serving Brother); Edward Fletcher Hall (from Serving Brother); Leslie William Hayhurst (from Serving Brother) ; Forbes Robertson Mutch (from Serving Brother) ; Alfred Leslie Morris (from Serving Brother); Donald Daniel Towle , M.B ., B.eh. (from Serving Brother) ; Arthur Leonard 21

For Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Sister) Agne - May, Mr. Lawrence Sister); Norah Mis Start (from Servrng SIster); Margaret Davidson , Mrs. Nicholls , S.R.N (fr?m Serving Sister)' Ruby, Mrs. Watson (from Si ter)' Con tance Alice, Miss Buck (from Servrng Sister); Charlotte Amelia, Mrs. Parker (from Serving Sister); Muriel Alice, Mrs. Haigh , M.B., B.Ch B.Sc M R.C.S. , L.R.C.P. (from Serving Si ter); Adrienne Bessie Mis Kirkham (fr?m Serving Sister); Connie, Miss Banks (from Si ter); Ada Elizabeth, Miss Gabriel (from Servmg Si ter); Charlotte Louisa , Miss Frampton Serving Sister) ; Dorothy Achsah Grace, MISS Watts (from Serving Sister); Ethel Mary, Mrs. Atkinson (from Serving Sister); Marjory Doreen,

Mrs. Southern, S.R.N. (from Serving Sister); Kathleen Doris Burton, Mrs. Buss (from Serving Sister); Margery Joan, Miss Morton-Palmer (from Serving Sister); Alice Edith, Miss Witcombe (from Serving Sister); Sarah, Miss Wakefield (from Serving Sister); Maggie, Mrs. Surtees (from -Serving Sister); Marjory Kathleen, Mrs. Burt Hamilton (from Serving Sister).

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Sister) Lady Loder; The Lady Helen Berry; Beatrice Mary Colyear, Mrs. Hudson; Valerie, Mrs. Trebilcock; Marian Lesley, Mrs. Johnstone, S.R.N.

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother Sydney Reginald Brown; Harry Spencer; Frederick John Clayton; Bruce Aubrey Reeves, D.S.C.; Enliat Tan; Alfred Ewan Adamson; Frank Hampton Alcock; George Francis Barber; Albert George Binstead; John Richard Bowker, M.B., Ch.B., D.I.H,,; Frank Brocklebank; Thomas John Brodest; Dennis Reginald Brooks; Frank Harry Bye; Frank Clarke; Frank Conyers; Basil Pomeroy Cooper; Sydney Cornall; Harry Raymond Dick; Bertram Diment; Arnold Gelder, J.P.; John Lawrence Grisdale; Surgeon Commander John Melvin Hanson, R.N. ; Eric Raymond James; William Edgar J ardine; _George Duncan McKenzie , M.B., Ch.B.; Stanley Marsden; Thomas Maw; Thomas Frederick Pearson; Cyril Savage; Bertram Frederick Charles Say; Tom Stevenson; Leonard White; Kenneth William Porter; John James Westwood ; Arthur Malcolni Mason; Felix John Clewett Pole, F.A.I.; Bertram Horace Leonard Harrison; Christopher Lewis Loyd, - M.C.; Iohn William Jordan; Ernest Eric Mayo; Edward Henry Whale; Charles Edward Harrison; Anthony Cain; Thomas Eric Capper; William John Taylor; Ronald John Bray; Joseph Lionel Whitworth Johnson, L.R.C.P. , L.R.C.S., L.R.F.P . & S.; Frederick Ernest Frisby; , James Arthur Brelsford; Clifford William Bretherton; Frederick' Kitchen, M.M., T.D.; James Hargreaves; Bernard Oldfield; Sidney Alfred Walter Waller; Ronald Albert Tucker; John Murray; Robert Henry Bloom; Herbert Ernest Kingsman ; Ernest John Kennett; Ernest Reginald George Pearce; Maximilian Raphael Julius Behrendt, M.B., Ch.B., E.L.; Charles John Proudley; Leonard Charles Green; - Edward Thomas George Couchman; Alfred James Igglesden; George Henry Hubbard; Wallace Charles Harvey; Wilfred Ashforth; James Hurst; Ronald Turner Butterworth; Walter Dewhurst Taylor; James Donald Cameron, M.B., F.R.C.S .; Frank Hough; Thomas Higson ; Frederick Brown; Hubert Greenhalgh; Frank Hamson Jelley; George Benjamin Buchan, B.Sc.; John Alexander J ermany; Albert Edward Bailey; Leonard George Parsons; George Frederick Douglas White; Edward Henry Williams; Frank Norman Hallock; Daniel George Griffiths; William Reverson, B.Sc., M.R C.S , L.R .C.P: ; James Clark Bell, M .B., Ch.B.; Sanders Watney; Heardman; Arthur Edward

Everest; Albert David Frederick Fallin; Edward William Long; John George Dare; Kenneth William Cutting; William George Linge; Walter Ronald Vincent; Dennis Andrew Baxter; Joseph Rainforth Akins; William Dewar; Percy Tait; William Lawrence M\urray; John Smith; David Sinclair Kerr, M.B., B.Chir., M.R.C.S., L .R.C.P.; Charles Hulme Glasby; George Cragg; Walter Kekewich Dove; George William Eaton; Percy Francis Belshaw; Francis Turley; Sidney Charles Drabble; Kenneth Sidney Collier; Edward Horace Coombs; George Edward Teasdale Nichols, D.F.C., D.F.M.; Walter John Gill; William Lloyd; Alexander Sherlock , M.B., B.S.; Dennis Walter George Hockey; Raymond Henry Lawrence; Douglas Ainsworth White, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.; Leonard Patrick Fredrick Weeks; Wilfred Thomas Arnfield; Colin William McLeod; Arthur Grainger; Joseph Arthur Hanson; Charles Raymond Hewlett; Ronald Edwin Graham; Edwin Frederick Dunn Baker, M.B , Ch.B.; James Henry John Mulvana; John William Thorpe; Albert Edward Thomas ; Ernest Johnson; Tom Stocks; Harry Tordoff; Charles Francis Healey; Jack Walker; William Arthur Simpson; Graham Townsend; William Lambert ; Thomas Wilkinson; Bernard Drury; John Robert Benson ; John Coward; Roy Thomas WoombelI; Maior Leonard Joe Thomas George Bartlett ; NathanIel Gaskin; John Simpson Noble, M .B. , B.S. .

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Sister Margaret Maureen , Miss Stubbs ; Winifred Ellen, Mrs. Taylor; Lucy Lillian, Mrs. Roach; Margaret Elizabeth , Mrs . Hammond; Pearl , Miss de la Mothe ; Elisabeth Petronella , Miss Koster ; Edith Monica , Mrs. Latto, L.R.C.P. &S. , D.(Obst.)

R.C.O.G.; Dorothy Emma , Miss Frost; Evelyn Jessie, Mrs. Pigott; Margaret Mary , Mrs. Burgess; Irene Lucy, Mrs. Orme; Dorothy Edith, Mrs Hyde; Norah Jane, Mrs. Swift; Jane, Mrs. Trewavas ; Elsie, Miss ' Wood ; Amy , Miss Dixon'; Gertrude, Mrs . Croot; Barbara Norcott, Miss , Pearse, S.R.N.; Muriel Elsie Knott , Mrs. Aylott; Norah Lc:uise , Miss Hine ; Lucy, Miss Collins ; Gladys ElIzabeth , Mrs. Mayhew; Margaret Kathleen , Miss Oswell; Mary Theresa , Miss Holley; Nellie, Mrs. Burton; Dorothy, Mrs Moughtin; Nelly Violet , Miss Godfray; Gertrude Silena , Miss Watts: Kathleen Gladys, Miss Slaughter; Elsie, Mrs. Wright; Mary, Mrs. Gawne: Marjorie, Miss Cass: Mary Ann , Miss Turner; Doris Jean , Mrs. Black, M .B., Ch.B. , D.P .H .; Doris , Miss Wilkins; Mary Helen. Mrs. Atherley; Irene Margaret, Mrs. Mould; Kathleen Mary Doris , Mrs. Ellis-Roberts; Louie Julia, Miss Pothus; Elsie Augusta, Mrs Donnithorne; Kathleen Esther, Mrs. Askey; Sybil Beatrice, Mrs. Grieves; Dorothy May, Mrs. StUQZ; Doris Rosina Florence, Miss Lines; Edna Mary, Miss Neasmith; Evelyn Mary. Mrs. Holland; Kathleen, Miss Jaques; Lucy Mary, Mrs. Lowe; Ethel :M;ay, Mrs. King; Christina, Miss Wright; 22

Nellie, Miss Ironmonger; Frances Mary, Miss Gibbard; Angela, Mrs. Sibley; Dorothy, Miss Day; Greta Jeannette, Mrs. Andrews; Mabel Daphne, Mrs. Maycock; Florence Corrie, Mrs. Bryan; Emily Lily, Mrs. Nicklin; Irene, Miss .Pollard; Lilian Ethel, Mrs. Shelton; Laura Julia, Mrs. Steward; Emma Mary, Miss Miss Siers; Mary, Miss Short; MarJone Wmifred, Miss Hudson; Grace Mary, Mrs. Barwell; Beryl, Mrs. Kimberley; Avis Jean, Miss Button; Ethel May , Mrs. Bone; Elizabeth Thc:mson, Mrs. Ba.ss, S R.N. , S.C.M.; Doris Rose , MISS Cooper; AlIce May , Miss Broadbent; Sarah Jane, Mrs. Je:vitt ; Muriel, Miss Callis ; Eleanor, Mrs. Cartwnght; Millicent, Miss Brampton; June, Mr s Edge.

For Admission in the Grade of Associate Serving Sister

Margaret, Miss Jenkinson, S.R.N .

For Admission in the Grade of Esquire

Lieutenant-Commander John Henry Swithin Bruce Bedell s, R N. (on appointment as personal Es quire to Major R ob ert O'Brien, M .V.O ., T .D .).

PRIORY OF SCOTLAND

For Admission in the Grade of Commander (Brother)

Jonathan Sim on Christ opher R iley-Smith , M .A ., Ph.D.

PRIORY FOR WALES

For Admission in the Grade of Esquire

Hon. John Parmenter Robarts, Q.c., B.A., LL.D.; Lieut.-Colonel The Honourable Hugues Lapointe, P.C , Q.C , B.A., LL.L., LL.D.

For Promotion to the Grade of Dame Alfreda Jean, Miss Attrill, R.R.C , Reg N., F.R.H S. (from Commander).

For Promotion to the Grade of Commander (Brother)

The Hon. James Noble Allan, B.Sc.A. (from Officer); Douglas White Ambridge, C.B.E., LL D., B.Sc (from Officer); Lieut.-Colonel Joseph Adjutor Amyot, C.D . (from Officer); Cyril Bishop (from Officer); Charles Fowler WIlliams Burns (from Officer); Val Clare (from Officer); John Cameron McGillvray Day (from Officer); Fra ser Fowler Fulton, O.B.E. , M.E.I.C. (from Officer); Douglas Vivian Gonder (from Officer) ; Arthur Cleland Hardman , C.D , M.D., D.P.H. (from Officer); Joseph Earle Hiltz, B .Sc ., M.D. , C.M ., D.P.H., F.c.c.P. (from Officer); Joseph Alli stair Mackay , B Sc ., M D ., L M.C.C. (from Officer) ; Charles Malcolm Macleod , Q .c., LL.D . (from Officer); Winfield Scott Pipes (from Officer); Group Captain George Henry Sellers , A .F.C . (from Officer); Edward Owen Thomas (from Officer); Lieut.-Colonel Joseph Frazier Walsh, C.D., M .B. , Ch.B (from Officer); Charles Wharton (from Officer) .

For Promotion to the Grade of Commander (Sister)

John Phillip Reardon Smith , J P sonal Esquire

1 0 n appointment as per-

Duncan Andrew Ca ntla y f t o Sir David Evans Bev an , Bt. , J.P. , D .L .

PRIORY OF CANADA

For Promotion to the Grade of Knight

Lieut.-Colonel Kenneth Martin Case, E .D. (from Comm a nder) ; Colonel Adolphe George Cherrier , O B.E. , C.D. (fr om Commander) ; William Emmet Dwyer , B.A. , M D. , F.A.C.P.M (from Commander); Major Qu intin Peter Jermy Gwyn , C.D ., M .A. (from Officer) ; Harvey Douglas Hebb , B.Sc ., M D. , C M (from Commander); George William Anderson Keddy, B A., M.D ., C.M , L M C.C. , F.R C S. (from Commander) ; Ralph Peter Myers , B.Sc., L .R.C.P. & S., L.R.F.P. & S. , L.M.C.C. , F.I.C.S (from Commander); Colonel Sidney Culverwell Oland, V .D ., C.D. , LL.D. (from Commander); James Alan Stewart (from Commander).

For Admission in the Grade of Knight

The Hon. Jean Lesage, P.C., C.D., Q .c.; The

23

Jean Frances , Mrs. Back (from Officer); Marion Christine, Miss Livingston , B .S ., Reg.N. (from Officer) ; Myrtle Pearl , Miss Stiver, B.S. (from Serving Sister).

For Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Brother) William John Astle (from Serving Brother); Robert Horace Clark (from Serving Brother); Marcellin Gamache (from Serving Brother) ; Victor Guid a (from Serving Brother) ; David Haggarty (fr om Serving Brother) ; Clarence Victor Hancock (f r om Serving Brother) ; Surgeon Captain Charles M ortimer Harlow , C M. , C.D. , B.Sc., M.D ., C.M , Ph.D. , D.Sc . (from Serving Brother) ; Ernest John Harwood (from Serving Brother) ; Harold William Hayward (from Serving Brother); Joseph Alonzo Hearn (from Serving Brother); Ferdinand Philias Hudon (from Serving Brother) ; Harry Lloyd John son (from Serving Brother) ; Frank Alex Kovrig (from Serving Brother); Frederick Charles Luby (from Serving Brother) ; Honorary Lieutenant Colonel Stephen Adolph Magnacca, E.D. , C.D. (from Serving Brother); William Herbert Martin (from Serving Brother); James Matthews (from Serving Brother); George McCready (from Serving Brother); Lieut.-Colonel John William McNeil, C.D. (from Serving Brother); Gerald Albert Mendel , M .A. (from Serving Brother); Frank Melbourne Mooney, B.Sc.,

M.E.I.C. (from Serving Brother); Alfred John Nelson, M.D., D.P.H. (from Serving Brother); Major Joseph Georges Rene Paquette, C.D., M.A., Ph.D. (fnJfl] Serving Brother); Hubert Keith Pyett (from Serving Brother); George Horwood Raymond, M.D., C.M., F.R.C.S.(C), FA.C.S. (from Serving Brother); Francis William Redman (from Serving Brother); Andrew Adam Reid (from Serving Brother); Charles William Sing, B.A., LL.B., Q.c. (from Serving Brother); Lieut.-Colonel Harold Elford Short, E.D., C.D. (from Serving Brother); Ian Martin Steel Stewart, M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H., D.T.M. & H. (from Serving Brother); John Samuel Stock, C.D., M.D. (from Serving Brother) ; Jean-Paul Tremblay (from Serving Brother); Thomas Sapsford Wilson (from Serving Brother).

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Brother)

Harvey Wils·on Adams; Arthur James Bater; Joseph Robert Wilfrid Bordeleau, R.C.M.P.; Lieut.-Colonel H amilton Lawlor Brown, C.D.; Lieut.-Colonel Charles Osborne Dalton, D.S.O., E.D.; John William Demcoe, B.Sc. (C.E.); John Herman Erb; Leighton Buckwell Graham; Leslie Herbert Hammond; Ernest Delamere Lafferty, F.C.A.; Brigadier Cyrille Joseph Laurin, O.B.E., B.A.; Wallace Crawford Macpherson, B.Comm.; Samuel Clarence Nickle, Snr.; Benson Theodore Rogers, B.A., M.D., F.R.C.P.(C); Robert Carlton Scrivener; Brigadier Edward Robert Smith, C.B.E., C.D.; Leslie Raymond Smith; Frederick Wilmot Stevens; John Howard Guy Faulkner Vale, F.I.B.; Ernest Alfred Watkinson E.D., M.D., C.M., D.P.H.; Lawrence Willoughby: M.B., Ch.B., M.R.C.O.G.; Lieut.-Colonel Frederick Stephen Wotton, C.D.; Albert Gordon Zurbrigg.

For Promotion to the Grade of Associate Officer (Brother)

Holbrook Reineman Davis, B.A. (from Associate Serving Brother).

For Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Sister)

Patricia Roslyn, Mrs. Copeman; Leonie MarieAnne, MIle Guay; Constance Lois, Miss Hutcheon, M.B.E.; Marie Blanche Yvonne Mme Jalbert· Pearl Vivian Dorothy, Mrs. Marie aIidriIie, MIle LeBreton; Edith Gertrude, Mrs. Matthews; Roberta Bond, Mrs. Nichols, B.A.,

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Sister)

Margaret Mary, Major Hunter, C.D., Reg.N.; Helen Isabelle, Mrs. Morgan.

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother Lieut.-Colonel William Neville Anderson, CD,; 24

Constable Antony Antoniuk, R.C.M.P.; James Charles Arnold; John Beattie; Logan Lexington Blair, C.D. ; Jack Boddington; John Douglas Bonell, M.D.; Robert Warren Brown; Wynne

Patrick Burnell; Arkas Walter Burniston; Major Stanley Minto Campbell, M.B.,D.A.,F.F.A.R.C.S., F.R.C.P.; Michel Choquette; William Joseph Connelly, L.R.C.P. & S., L.M.C.C., D.P.H., D.C.H.; Jacques Corbeil, M.D. , F.R.C.S.; Richard Gerald Corkran, M.D., C.M.; Lieut -Colonel Joseph-Leon Cote, E.D., B.A., B.Ph., LL.L. , A.D.C.; John William Cronk; Lucien Croteau ; Edjie Telesphore Desrochers; James ' Elliot ; Corporal Douglas George Falconer, R.C.M.P .; Sergeant Diedrich Fehr; Stanley George Fisher; Ellis Eric Ford; Morson Scarth Fotherington, B.A., P.Eng.; Notaire Gerard Fradet, B.A., LL.L. ; Herve Gagnon, M.D.; George Frederick Gartner; Gustave Gerin-Lajoic, M.D., D.P.H.; Sergeant Sefrin Hugo Ginther, R.C.M .P .; Owen Medyett Goodridge, C.D.; Donald Kenneth Grant, M.B.E. , B.Sc., M.D., F.A.I.M.A. ; John Theodore Gruszecki; Robert Frederick Hanspiker R.C.N.· Albert Daniel Harris; Lieut.-Colonel Samuel George Heaman, C.D., B.A.; John MacDonald Hender on; Samuel Ramsden Hick; Ronald MacWilliam Hoar; Sergeant Garry Clayton Mortimer Huff, C.D., F.C.A.F.; Harold Joseph Arsene Ives; Real Jacques; Lieut.-Colonel John Keeffe, B.A.; George John William Klawitter; Corporal Maurice Patrick Landers, C.D., F.C.A.C.; Ronald Edson Leavitt, D.C.; Paul Emile Lemaire; Daniel Jo eph Linney; John Joseph Lipinsky, B.Sc. , M.D , L.M.C.C.; Lionel MacKenzie; Robert Earl MacKenzie, R.N

M.R.S.H.; Lieut.-Colonel James Pennington Carlyle Macpherson, M.C., C.D., F.C.B.A.; Corporal John Robert Martin, R.C.A F.; Joseph Earle Matthews, Ph.B.; William Alexander Leslie McDonald, M.D., C.M., F.R.C.S., F.A C.S.; Jame Russell McGowan; Hugh Cunningham McKean; John Neville Millard; Edward James Miller; Edwin Bliss Mitchell; Sergeant Robert Norman Mullock, R.C.M.P.; Corporal Robert Rutherford Murray, R.C.M.P.; Horace Edward Nicholas; William Olinoski, C.O.A. , R.I.A .; George Oliver; Sergeant William Alex Pacholok; George Henry Pearce; Captain William Alexander McDonald Phillips; Ostap Leo Piasta; Joseph Francois Gustave Prouix; Frank Harold Revere; Lieut.Colonel Edward Allen Royce, E.D.; Stanly Royston; Laurence Vinton Smith, M.C.; Clarence William Sproule; Sergeant Marvin Stewart Stevenson, R.C.M.P.; Lieut.-Colonel John Thompson Stubbs; Alexander Philip Taylor; James Bernard Tompkins, B.A. , D.Ed., M.D , C.M., P.M.B., L M.C.C.; Thomas Leon Tremblay; Marian S. Tuszewski, M.B., B.S., L.M.C.C.; William George Tyo; William Nicholas Tytaneck, M.D., B.Sc., D.D.S.; Major Joseph Andre Nicholas Vallee; Basil Kernaghan Wallace; Henry Alfred Ward; William Archibald Webster; John Wilson; Arthur Gordon Pierson Stacey, B.A.

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Sister Dorothy Alison, Mrs. Beaton; Kathleen Burpee, Mrs. Beeman; Edith, Mrs. Bedell; Dorothy Ellen, Miss Bessey; Palma Eveline, Mrs. Blackwell; Adria, Miss Buchanan; Violet Mary, Miss Burchell, R.N.; Gabrielle, Mlle Charbonneau, B.A., M.Sc.; Marie Therese Francoise Rolande, MIle Chartier; Pauline, Miss Coderre, R.N.; Marion Hall, Miss Collins; Mary-Ann, Miss Curti; Muriel Phyllis, Miss Dawson, R.N.; Justine Marie-Rose, Miss Delmotte, R.N.; Gladys Irene, Miss Fulton; Florence, Mrs. Gallagher; Lucie Marie, Mr . Gartner; Therese, Mlle Gilbert; Ruth Esther, Miss Gilewich; Mary Ann, Mrs. Gordon; Margaret Marion, Miss Graham; Katharine, Mrs. Harapniuk; Thelma Margaret, Mrs. Hickman;

Kathleen Marjone, Mrs. Jackson; Monique, Mile Jean; Mabel Ellen, Mrs. Kenny; Stephanie Marie, Mrs. Koss; Rose Mary, Mrs. Kumorek; Catherine Embol Mae Mrs. LeMaistre; Florence, Mrs. Lundstrom; 'Irene Ross, Mrs. McPhail, R.N.; Marie-Claire, MIle Morency; Sarah Mary, Mrs. Morgan; Margaret Elizabeth, Mrs. Murphy; ·Mary, Miss Nash, R.N.; Lillian Blanche, Mrs. Pengelly; Alma Marie, Mrs. Pilotte; Jessie, Miss Radford, R.N.; Cecily Anne, Mrs. Reynolds; Marie Colette Elizabeth, Mlle Rochefort; Margaret, Mrs. Saunders; Bernice Rosina, Miss Simmons; Beatrice Ethel, Mrs. Skene; Hazel Faye, Miss Stephenson, R.N.; Nellie Gertrude, Mrs. Stevenson; Kate Elizabeth, Mrs. Wallace; Mary, Miss Walsh, R.N.; Susan Gisela, Mrs. White.

Pro Utilitate Hominum

The following letter recently received by the Commissioner-in-Chief will be of interest to all Brigade members:-

"I am a widow 76 years old. Have worked all my life since the age of 13, until I was 68 years old.

"Wherever possible I saved a little of the money earned. That, and myoId age pension, is what I have lived on for the last eight years.

"For many year I have known what St. John Ambulance Brigade have done, and are still doing, for the public wherever medical attention i nece ary, free -of-charge "Plea e accept the enclosed cheque for £50

to help carryon your wonderful work. May God bless you, and all who give so much of their time to help others.

"My very best wishes to you all."

Appreciation as generous as this received from those who matter most stamps the mark of success on the Brigade's work. It underlines its value to the community and must strengthen the wish we aJl have to see the Brigade's service expanding wherever possible.

We have much reason to be grateful to the donor of this sum, but not least for the immense encouragement that this act and the words which accompanied it must give to us all.

MRS. PURSEY gets her dearest wish. The eighty-yearold crippled Mrs. Blanche Pursey had one great ambition and that was to see her belo ved church once more. She suffers from chronic arthritis and has been completely bedridden for five years. Thanks to a combined operation by the Church authorities and the St. John Ambulance Brigade she was taken from her home in Taunton for a service at St. Mary's Church. Bristol Evening Post

OUR CONGRATULATIONS to Mr. and Mrs. Frank Lines of Thame who celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary and joint 73rd birthdays last yea r. During the last war Mr. Lines, as a member of the Brigade, served in the A.R.P. and was in charge of first aid at the Royal Naval Air Station at Culham Camp. Oxford Mail

-CRIPPLE BOY WINS . BRAVERY AWARD

Schoolboy James Ryall overcame a crippling hip disease to become a St. John Ambulance Brigade cadet. He could not kneel to bandage a leg or practise the "kiss of life" because his legs were in calipers as a result of two falls.

So he did them while lying on the floor-to prove that he could do them as well as any cadet.

Now ll-year-old James, of Belmont-place, St. 26

Ives, Cornwall, has become the first boy to receive a new award for fortitude.

He was presented a short time ago with the St. Ives Commando Memorial Award, which is to be given. to a bOY or girl every year in memory of the Commandos who trained in West Cornwall during the last war.

OVER l MILLION MEDICAL COMFORTS

ISSUED FROM WELSH DEPOTS

After 46 years the Priory House Medical Comforts Depot which has been run under the Headquarter administration of the Priory for Wales has been closed, as the Cardiff City Council has undertaken full responsibjlity for the provision of. a service to cover the requirements of the Cardiff public.

The opening of the depot in 1920 was the beainning of a voluntary service pioneered by the Priory in Wales with the object of providing invalid comforts and sickroom requisites for issue on loan at nominal hire charges. It soon became evident that there was a great need for a scheme of this kind which not only benefited those who could ill afford to buy expensive appliances, but made readily available goods which could not always be purcha sed without delay. Year by year it was extended in every county of Wales, Brigade personnel undertaking the duties of staffing the depots at regular hours daily and dealing with the issue, return and cleansing of articles.

Fifty Depots now in use

At the height of its expansion, render ed possible with the help of a grant from the Special Areas Fund negotiated through the South Wales and Monmouthshire Council of Social Service, there were 159 depots running under Priory auspices and by 1948 the number of articles issued averaged 16,000 a year.

Under the National Health Service Act the Public Health Authorities became responsible for such provision. In the early days many for the Priory Depots to contlllue to functIOn ill some counties on an agency basis, but year by year the number of depots functioning under St. John auspices has dropped, until now no more than 50 are operating.

During the past year 3,672 articles were issued from these depots, over half from Priory House; and from the inception of the scheme no fewer than 257,926 people have benefited from this service.

THIS PICTURE shows one of the fifty depots run under the auspices of the Priory for Wales. During the past year more than t million comforts have been issued from them.

ANNE EDWARDS

writes on - THE BRIGADE

For as long as I can remember, the black and white uniforms of the St. John Ambulan ce Brigade ha ve been in the background of e-very one of the big, crowded social and ceremonial occasions in this country that I have ever attended, and in the course of my job as a Fleet Street journalist I have attended a great many.

Like so much else that is entirely praiseworthy in British life, and unlike so much that is not, this movement is too little talked about.

I must confess that I have always taken it for granted that the St. John people would be there, as much a part of the scene as the fainting women. And it wasn't until quite recently, when I was reporting on the pilgrimage to Lourdes for the B.B.C., that I ever actually met and talked to men and women in the Brigade, and realised for the first time that their work is entirely voluntary, and that to do this job they give up their spare timewhich is often little enough-and even pay for their own uniforms . And that their work covers a very wide field-they will answer any cry for help whenever or wherever it may be.

N.or did I realise that there is an active training scheme for Cadets, where young people from the age of eight can not only learn a vast number of useful skills, but much more important, learn to grow up with the idea that they can and should help other people, and will get great sat isfaction from ' doing so. 28

When I visited one of the Cadet training schools in Folkestone earlier this year, I found a classroom of rather serious little girls earnestly bandaging and bedmaking and learning to set o ut h os pital traysand obviously enjoying it.

I talked to some of the sen i or girls, who a ll h ad full-time jobs but still had enough enthusiasm and charity in their make-up to spend their leisure hours for three years learning subjects which can win them the Grand Pri or Badge which nieans passing the proficiency test in 12 different categories- from child welfare to hygiene, from cookery to home nursing. ,

Apart from the fact that they were capable girls or they wo uldn 't have passed, what impre ssed me about them was that the y had the determination to carryon against the curren t I'm-all-right-J ack trend of some young people (and older people, to o) - against the si ll y snobbism th a t anyone who interests themselves in social work is square-and to go out and learn something usef ul in a r a ther chilly unexciting hall when most of their contemporaries were at h ome watching TV.

If I have a criticism of this band of devoted men and women who make up the Brigade, it i that their workjs not sufficiently publicised or even (I hate to use the word) glamori ed. It is n o t alway wise to hide your light under a bu hel. There a re so many young people wh o wa nt t o help others and to feel needed and useful, but who do not know where or h ow to begin . And not knowing- their good intentions melt in the face of so many co unt er attractions.

It's not just the many people who need help who stand to benefit if more young people joined the Brigade- it is the young people them selve who stand to gain mo st.

R ep r int ed by cou rt esy of the Editor of "The K ent Year Book " AT TH E al1l1l1a/ dinner of the Me/ton Mowbray Ambu lanc e, Nursi ng and Cade t Di visions two new tr op hies we re pr ese nt ed for th e first time, that for the b est Nursing Cadet of th e ye ar wo n by J ennifer Cox and th e other th e Eason won by A ndr ew J effcoat. Th e pi ct ur e also s hows D C. Br own who wo n th e R ighton Cup and N IM Mi ss C . Wesson, who carri ed out mo s t hours of voluntary duty. The tr ophies were p rese nted by th e Pr es ident oj- th e Nursing Division, Mr s W. C. Ward

NEWS FROM THE WEST INDIES

Trinidad-A Radio Emergency Network

"Raditro 4 mobile to Raditro Zero mobile"Raditro Zero mobile to Raditro 4 mobileStanding by. From Raditro 4-a major cycle spill approximately half-a-mile east of your 10-20. Request ambulance-over."

This new sound went over the airways recently, when members of the Radio Emergency Society - some of whom recently received their First Aid Certificates-combined forces with St. John Brigade members durin g a 160 mile road race, in Area South.

Many zealo u s members of this grou p have installed sets in their cars Some have them installed at home and are available for emergency communications at various times of the day and night. It is the Brigade's intention to work very closely with them on duties and more so in time of disasters . When present negotiations are completed it is expected they will associate themselves with the Brigade. With first aid kits in cars, together with efficient communication, the Brigade and "Raditro" can offer an excellent service to the community of Trinidad and Tobago.

Barbados

In 1966 the St. John Eye Fund in Barbados celebrates its 25th anniversary. The fund which is the only one of its kind in the Caribbean and North Atlantic Area , was started with a donation of $100 by Lady Bushe, the Governor ' s wife, then President of the Nursing Divisions. Together with a friend she kept the fund going for a year Demands on the fund were so great that a special Brigade Committee was soon formed . Mrs. R. Challenor, District Superintendent (Nursing), who , throughout these years has been the main-spring of the fund , was appointed Secretary-Treasurer. In addition , there were representatives of the Church of England, Salvation Army, and Mothers' Union.

One purpose of the fund had been to provide glasses to persons from any part of the island who could not afford to pay for them. Many old people, school children, domestics , and even seamstresses have been helped by the Fund. As the years pass, old cases return for re-testing, broken frames , broken lenses, etc. Help is given, depending on the means of the individual, and may cover a part of the optician's bill, or the whole of it.

29

The fund is maintained by voluntary donations from the merchant community of the island, the Turf Club, Rediffu sion Ltd., the Women's Canadian Club, Queen's College, and a few private subscriptions.

Grenada

News has been received from Cadet Clement Francis of Grenada that he is making satisfactory progress at the University College Hospital in Mona, Jamaica. Cadet Francis had received severe burns and had to be sent to Jamaica for specialist attention. While in transit in Trinidad he was attended by a St. John team headed by Mrs. P. Sherman, Divi sional Officer, and was transported to Park's Nursing Home where he spent the night. It is understood that Mr. J. H. Holley, M .B.E. , Commissioner of St. John in Grenada, has conveyed his thanks to St. John, Trinidad , and to the Matron of Park 's Nursing Home, who has kindly decided to waive charges in connection with the handling of this case.

St. Kitts

A sugar estate sit uated about one mile from the town of Basseterre bears the inscription: "M C. Chevalier de Poincy, Bailiff and Grand Cross of the Order of St. John of J erusalem, Commander d ' Oy semont et de Coutour, Admiral of the Fleet of His Majesty , the French King of Brittany." When the French-owned Company of the Isles of America went bankrupt in 1648 its holdings were sold to individual proprietors. The Company was, at the time, an owner of part of the island of St. Kitts, while the British owned the majority. St. Christophe (as the French called their possession) was acquired by the Knights of Malta, and de Poincy was appointed as their Governor.

This establishes a very early link between the Order of St. John and the West Indies. It also emphasises that even in those times the Order was never slow in seeking avenues for good investment. Sugar plantations meant just that in 1650. To de Poincy is attributed the development of the magnificent POINCIANA REGIS , the flamboyant tree now found throughout the Caribbean Islands.

NEWS FROM A WELSH COUNTY AREA

Activities in the Barry County Area of Glamorgan are broadly divided into two main headings: providing a service to the public and raising the necessary funds.

The people of Barry appreciate the work done by the Brigade so that our appeals for help can be hard work only in the physical sense because refusals are so very rare. Many of the older folk become embarrassed because their donations are smaller they would like, but they sometimes add to their donation a cup of tea for the collector. This is often welcome as many of the houses in Barry, which is very hilly , are approached by innumerable steps. Coupled to the steps are doors with letter boxes at the top of the door or, even more back-breaking, almost at ground level and front gates that snap back at you when you push them open. One dear old lady, who was obviously a James Bond fan, asked our non-uniformed collector how she could be sure he was in St. John's , upon which the collector delivered a short extempore lecture on "First Aid in the Home." The old lady handed over her envelope with the most charming smile and thanks. In addition to houseto-house collections, an annual collection is made on Barry beaches during the summer and, of course, collecting boxes are placed in the seaside First Aid Stations.

Service to the public is given in a variety of ways, e.g., providing · medical comforts for sick people, particularly the aged; and a recently inaugurated voluntary aid scheme for the aged and housebound, for whom Cadet Divisions arrange to run errands, do shopping and many other small jobs which present difficulty for the aged and incapacitated.

Cover is also provided for Amateur Athletic Association meetings, motor car and cycle rallies, carnivals and shows of various kinds.

Here qualified Brigade Instructors are kept busy lecturing to Scouts, Guides, Young Wives' Groups and other bodies. They also run First Aid Competitions for the Brigade and local industries.

A casual ties faking team has been trained with a good measure of -s ucces s as can be vouched for by the member who whilst "made up," went to give assistance at a motoring accident and had the greatest difficulty in preventing himself from being hustled into the ambulance by an over-zealous onlooker.

Not least among the activities of the Barry County Area is the manning of their Casualty Stations on the Barry Island, Llantwit Major and Fontigary beaches, and during the summer every type of case plus some not provided for in the text book are treated. This, too, · has its lighter side. For instance, a young man came in literally white with fear and wanted an injection because a person near him on the beach had a child with chicken30

pox. Then there was the man who had become separated from a party and when advised to try and find the organiser of the party said : "I am the so and so organiser."

Lost children on the beaches are catered for and in 1965 nearly 1,9 00 children were cared for and comforted until restored to their parents .

Translated into statistics, these activities comprise well over 9,000 hours devoted to voluntary duty during 1965 and almost 3,500 cases treated, plus in off-duty hours another 900 cases.

The Order of St John of Jerusalem and British Red Cross Society Service Hospitals Welfare A FUTURE FOR YOU?

Recruit s are urgently needed for resjdential welfare work - in Naval, Military and R.A.F. hospitals at home and overseas. It is satisfying and rewarding work for women up to 35 years of age in a position to sig n, initi a lly , a three-year contract, two years of which would m ore than likely be spent overseas.

No specific qualificati on s are required apart from a good general education, but applicants must be adaptable, tactful and patient, have a gen uine and sympathetic interest in human pr ob lem s, and be able to mix with all types of pe ople.

The work is very worthwhile and interesting , with splendid opportunities for travel and excellent accommodation provided. A Welfare Officer ha s no living expenses of any kind; accommodation, food, light and fuel , etc., is paid for, also travel and uniform , with a yearly unif o rm upkeep allowance. She also receive s a n adequate ba ic sa lary with an annual increase, plus, in all stations, a cost of living allowance varying accord in g to local conditions. Six weeks le ave is allowed each year with full pay plus daily le ave subsi tence allowance.

Welfare for the s ick service men a nd women and their families has many sides. An intelligent apprec iation of books is an asset, since in every serv ice hospital Welfare Officer s are respon ible for the patients' libraries, which contain a wide variety of book s A knowledge of handicrafts is also u seful. Enquiries from patients about their families and in rever se, are dealt with, as well as the looking after of relatives visiting very serio u sly ill patients sent out under a Government scheme coded "Dilfor."

Applicants would be required to attend a selection and medical board and, on acceptance, would undergo a short training period of seven week s in Gro sv enor Crescent, Lorrdon, S.W.l , during which time accommodation is provided and expenses covered.

For further information please write, telephone or visit the Director, St. John and Red Cross Service Hospitals Welfare and V.A.D. Department, 4, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I. Telephone: BELgravia 7131.

EQUILIBRIUM

by Dennis o. Clark, M.B.E., F.R.C.S.

E quilibrium , a state of state. in which," declares the Oxford DIctIonary , opposmg forces or tendencies neutralise each other." Yet. we manage to maintain our equilibrium st and.mg, sitting, runnin g, walking without being consCIOUS of opposing forces. We may even walk ?n wires, stand on our head or engage m gymnastICS with little thought as to how we keep our balance until we ruefully consider the bump we develop on falling. Then we recognise at least the force. of gravity, but quite unkno wn to us are the opposmg forces in our own bodies. On a framework of bones, cunningly jointed muscles flex or the limbs and trunk by contracting, or by relaxillg and elongating. Each group of act in cooperation with <;lthers, gr01:1Ps tone as required even movmg, a tug-of-war learn taking the stram before pUll.mg. In fact, very act of standing implies conSIderable tone m the muscles to prevent our ankle, knees, hips and pinal joints from giving way. we our position. With a smooth profiCIency, of whlc.h we are quite unconsciou , the muscles change theIr tone. The analogy of the tug-of-war team can be u ed aaain here if we include the referee to the conte t He notices that the marker in the middle of the rope is not in the right position , he tells one tea m to give way and the other to In other words there is a sy tern for observatIOn and control. So it is in the body' the systems for observation are special ense organs while control is not o nly a ut omatic through the spinal cord and parts of the brain tern and cerebellum but also voluntary through the higher nerve centre of the forebrain, the cerebrum.

Reflex Action

Some pecial sensory nerve endi?gs in the skin are timulated by pressure and mform on the amount of contact with such objects as the floor , chairs or walking sticks. In the muscles and joints there are other speciali ed nerve ends to _ the slightest stretching or pressure and to Impulses up the sensory nerve fibres to the spmal cord. Some of these impulses sprea d to the br ain and we become conscious of our posture if we wish to notice it. Others diffuse up, down and across the spinal cord so that further impulses return through the motor nerve fibres to the muscles to control con traction or relaxation or to adju t tone. This mechanism is caned reflex action. There are hundreds of these reflexes in constant action, altering and adjusting adjacent or opposing muscles and 31

spreading to distant parts of the body so that complete co-ordination is achieved. One leg has only to be bent from a standing position , and the other leg increases in tone ready to start walking. The head has only to be flexed forward for all the front muscles to relax a little and all the back mu scles to tighten their tone.

At this level of nervous control there need be no vol untary or conscious effort. It is sufficient for primitive animals as. worms to refine and co -ordinate control ill higher arumals two other specia l sensory o rgans have been evolved:. the eyes and the labyrinths of the ears. In the mner ear there are two kinds of detector s, those affected by gravity and the position of the head in space and those affected by movements of the head. The first, the otolith organs are two chambers in membrane; within each are thIckened. are,:-s where nerve ends branch around cells endmg m microscopic hair-like proce.sses: EntaJ?-gled. in th.ese is orne gelatino u s matenal ill .lie grItty particles, the otoliths,. that change pO SItIOn under the influence of gravIty and so pull or bend the hairlike processes. This alteration and change of hape in the cells stimu late s the nerve ends , and impulses giving the position of the head are sent along the sensory nerve fibres. In the crayfish, where these cells are contained in cavities open to the exterior, grains of sand act in the sal)J.e way as the gravity particles in the human: By replacina sand with iron filings one phYSIOlOgist was able with a magnet to make the animal adopt any de ired position and even to turn somersaults To detect movements there are even more ingenious organs, the semi-circular canals. There are three semi-circular tubes of membrane, about a third of a millimetre in diameter set at right angles to each other in each earbone. They contain fluid that when the head is moved, flows gently backwards and forwards into and out of slightly enlaraed ends to the canal over hair-like processes be;dina in the s tream . As in the otolith organs the a of these hair cells stimulates nerve ends so th:t movements of the head in any plane or direction are immediately detected and muscle tone corrected through yet another action.

The Control of Equilibrium

One other specialised sense, vision, is concerned with the control of equilibrium and acts rr: ore through the higher brain cells than by reflex actIOn. If surroundinas can be seen then we can adJust our position as w; wish. The visual impulses are there-

fore extremely important when equilibrium is lost through disease or injury. In certain diseases sensory impulses from muscles and joints are lost and the patient may not be able to go out in the dark without falling. In other diseases, sensory impulses from the semi-circular canals are affected and without good sight it becomes difficult to control the resulting giddiness.

So far we have considered only that part of the maintenance of equilibrium which is automatic, the part we take for granted and notiCe only when it goes wrong. In fact the conscious or voluntary control of equilibrium is only a small part. If we wish t.o pick a flower the change from upright to a stooping positon is voluntary but the adjustments made in the musculo-skeletal system to maintain balance is automatic. This is the result of development and training because nerve cells have the unique possibility of becoming trained. One impulse along a certain nerve path makes it easier for the next. So it is that the baby, not unlike a worm at birth, begins t.o move limbs, raise the head, sit, crawl, stand and walk by endeavour and training. Reflex action arising from sensations in the musculature, in the ears and the eyes becomes more and more facilitated by repeated action, more and more complicated by conditions, and more and more interwoven by volition and persistence until perfection of equilibrium is shown in the pirouette of ballet and skating.

How wise was Shakespeare's comment in "Romeo and Juliet": "Yea," quoth he, "doth thou fall upon thy face? Thou wilt fall backwards when thou hast more wit."

Reprinted by courtesy of " P ressure Point" and the Author

BRIGADE RECRUITING

As we have stressed through the "Review" with articles and comments from a number of eminent writers, the problem of recruiting is not limited to getting people to join but rather in maintaining their interest and keeping them in the Brigade after they have signed on the "dotted line." This keeping of interest relies a great deal on a wellbalanced programme. We think that it would be of interest and helpful to those planning Divisional programmes to read a sample of the Kingswood Nursing Division for the period October to the end of December 1965:

Oct. 4 Talk on Health and Beauty.

11 Public Health by G. J. Creech, F.R.S.H.

18 Visit to Bristol Telephone Exchange.

25 Practical Work-First Aid.

Nov. 1 Discussion on Christmas Fayre.

8 Talk on Fire Prevention.

15 Visit to Fire Station (provisional).

22 Talk on Home Safety.

29 Films on H .ome Safety.

Dec. 6 Practical Work-First Aid.

13 Practical Work-Nursing.

20 Open for Suggestions.

COOKERY CORNER

by Miss Lucy Duff-Grant, R.R.C., S.R.N., D.N.

FRUIT CAKE

Ingredients

I-lb. self-raising flour

tlb. butter

-ilb. mixed dried fruit

2 teaspoons baking powder

Pinch of salt

tlb. sugar

Almond essence

2 eggs tpt. milk (approx.)

Method

Light oven , at gas Regulo 6. Prepare cake tins by lining with grease proof paper. Sieve flour , salt and baking powder into mixing bowl. Rub in butter. Add sugar and dried fruit, mixing well. Add beaten up eggs and a few drops of almond essence. Add milk until of "dropping consistency." Fill prepared cake tins two-thirds full. Put into oven and bake for 1-5 minutes at Regulo 6. Lower heat to Regulo 3 and bake for two hours at this temperature. Remove from oven and allow to cool a little before removing from tins. Then place on wire rack until quite cold. This quantity will fill two 6in. cake tins. This cake should be made two to three days before using It keeps well if wrapped in foil or greaseproof paper and stored in a tin.

For the dried fruit mixture use seeded raisin s, sultanas, currants, chopped candied peel, chopped glace cherries. Chopped angelica and nuts can also be added if desired but the fruit mixture should not exceed -ilb.

VICTORY SANDWICH

Ingredients

40z. butter

40z. self-raising flour

2 large eggs

4oz. castor sugar

Pinch salt

1 tablespoon tepid water

Method

Light oven, set at gas Regulo 3. Cream butter and sugar until light and frothy. Beat well, sieve flour and salt into a separate bowl. Beat up eggs and add a little at a time alterriately with sieved flour, beating well between each addition. Finally, add tepid water. Divide equally between two sixinch sandwich tins. Place on shelf in centre of oven and bake 15/20 minutes. Take out of oven and turn out on to wire rack to cool. When cool sandwich with jam, lemon and/or butter cream filling. Ice or dust with icing sugar before serving.

BOOK REVIEWS

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

For many years I have visualised a higher standard of efficiency in both first aid and auxiliary nursing, for I am convinced that, given the facilities, our students of today are fully capable of filling a much more useful role in these fields than were their pioneer predecessors of the earlier days of the Movement. Armed with a better education, resulting in a higher intelligence, they are capable of absorbing much more of the scientific basis upon which that higher standard would rest, provided the existing inhibitions were removed. I have just been invited to review an excellent text-book which does just that by presenting in simple langu age, ill ustrated by clear, easily understood diagrams, the rudiments of those sciences upon which medicine and surgery, of which first aid must now be recognised as a department, must rest. I have never before seen biology, phy sics and chemistry, followed by anatomy and physiology, presented in so simple and attractive a form as it is in "The Human Body," by Drs. C. H. Barnett and D. Taverner, and illustrated by H. Grayshon Lumby, which lies before me on my desk at this moment. The subjects are treated progressively in a most comprehensive manner and no essentials have been omitted. Commencing with the cell -struct ure of the various tissues and the chemical and physical proces es which govern their development, the student is introduced, one by one, to the various systems which regulate the metabolism of the organism, and the work terminates with some valuable notes on old age and death.

It would be difficult to select any p articular section or section for specia l comment, but in view of the great emphasis which has been placed during recent years upon the importance of resuscitation (artificial respiration) it is gratifying to note that four pages have been devoted to a most valua ble exposition of the respiratory system, which should go far to explain the reasons for the movements invo lved in modern methods of resuscitation, and, again, the illustrations are excellent.

upon to act as emergency midwives. These cases are becoming more and more frequent, ambulance men and policemen being specially involved. Although making no attempt to encroach upon the preserves of first aid, "The Human Body" does contain a very clear description of the processes of reproduction which should provide a valuable introduction t.o the instructions given to those called upon to act in this emergency.

Many an otherwise good text-book has been marred by the absence of an index, but the authors of "The Human Bod y" have provided an exhaustive index which enables the reader to turn instantly to any required section of the book.

It is published by The English UniversHies Pre ss Ltd., at 15s., and should prove a most valuable addition to the library of the first aider and the auxiliary nurse, as well as of those intending to enter any of the medical and associated professions.

F.C.R.

"T he Crime Doctors"

Although members of St. John, happily, do not of ten come into contact with injuries and death ca used by crimes of violence, a recent book written by Robert Jackson called "The Crime D octors" should be of interest to many readers of the Review. Qui te apart from being a fascinating story there is a link with first -aiders in that the importance of observation and correct diagnosis is vividly brought out over and over again. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson are no strangers to St. John. As an author he has always contributed to the St. John and Red Cross Hospital Library Department, and his wife, a well -kn own journalist, is Vice-President of the Holborn Nursing Cadet Division, apart from helping the Brigade in many ways. The book is published by Frederick Muller Limited at twenty-eight shillings.

North York Moors National Park Guide Book

Thousands of lives are being saved annually by The fourth in the series of guide-books to blood transfusion a nd , following a vivid description Britain's National Parks has been published by of the heart and the vascular system, a page has H.M. Stationery Office at 6s. The book is edited been devoted to some valuable notes on the prin- by Dr. Arthur Raistrick, M.Sc., Ph.D. cip les governing the technique of this life-saving The guide-book includes chapters on the build procedure, and it is to be hoped that it may induce and shape of the land, its natural history, the many of those who have not yet done so to pattern of medieval and later settlements, its vo lunteer to join the great army of those who are industrial history, and the story of its land-use making this sacrifice in order to save the lives and provides a gazetteer of information to visitors of their brothers and sisters in need of this life- to the area. It is well illustrated, and distinguished giving fluid. contributors include: Alec Wright, Professor J. E. Within the past few days newspapers have Hemingway , Catherine Rob , Professor W. M. repo rted yet another case of men being called Beresford, Dr. S. R. Eyere and S Lee Vincent. 33

Obituaries

Mr. Ronald Batho

A Goole man who travelled round the world several times during his career at sea, and who devoted much of his spare time to first-aid work, Mr. Ronald Batho, of 2, Mount Pleasant Road, died suddenly. He was 50.

Born in Goole, Mr. Batho attended Boothferry Road School, and before joining the Merchant Navy he attended a nauticCi.1 school at Gravesend.

He became an Able Seaman and during the last war served in the Royal Navy on convoys between Britain and Canada.

He remained at sea after demobilisation, but because of ill-health he came ashore to become a hydraulic engineer in Goole for the B.T.C. For the last two years he was a porter at Goole St. John's hospital.

Mr. Batho joined the Goole St. John Ambulance Brigade many years ago, and was a sergeant with the Brigade. He won many first-aid certificates, and acted as instructor at first-aid classes.

He was first-aid instructor for Goole Sea Cadets, and was a member of the Sea Cadets ' parent association. He was also a member of Goole Toc H. .

A married man with three sons, Mr. Batho had been a patient in St. John's hospital for a week before his death.

Int€rment took place at Goole after a service at Trinity Methodist Church.

Mr. Horace Hobson

The death has occurred of Mr. Horace Herbert Hobson, who served for nearly 50 years with Derby Ambulance Division, Derby and District Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

In 1956 Mr. Hobson, a staff sergeant in Derby Ambulance Division, received Gl. fifth bar to his long service medal-representing meritorious service over 40 years, a distinction rarely achieved within the Derby and District Corps. He retired from the Brigade in 1962, but two years later was presented with a certificate for 47 years' service.

Mr. James Harry Woolford

(died May 16, 1966, aged 78 years)

Mr. Woolford joined No. 15 (East Ham) Ambulance Division in 1929, and four years later was promoted to Corporal. In 1935 he took over C.13 (East Ham) Cadet Division, and continued as Cadet Superintendent until the outbreak of war.

In 1951 he retired to Banstead in Surrey, and became attached to 199 (Banstead and District) Ambulance Division, where he very ably handled the duties of Treasurer for several years. Many members will remember Mr. Woolford at Wimbledon Tennis Finals, and duties at Epsom Race Course, where he was a familiar figure for the last eight years of his active Brigade life.

E .mergency Evacuation Scheme in use at Local Hospital

MID 6 BRANCH POST OFFICE

AMBULANCE CENTRE, HEAD

POST OFFICE, COVENTRY

F or the second time in 23 months the local St. John emergency aid plan has been put into operation, and on both ' occasions the local branch of the Post Office Ambulance Centre and Division of the Brigade has been asked to help. The P.O. Div. is a member of the emergency scheme.

At approx. 20.00 hours on Thursday, May 19 , 1966, the local building of the Ministry of National Insurance and Pensions was found to be alight and the evacuation of the adjoining ho pital was under consideration, as the burning building was a four storey factory that towered over the hospital wards. The building had only been recently reoccupied after a disastrous blaze in 1963, and accordingly, measures were taken for the afety . of the hospital inmates.

The emergency call was received by the officer l l c Post Office Division, by telephone at his residence at 20.40 hours , and he at once phoned the driver of the Division's ambulance, and the several members who were on the telephone. One member collected two others en route and the Div. Supt. himself attended at the Sorting Office, where the motor ambulance is normally kept. He discovered to his satisfaction that the vehicle had left , taking with it another member and two others followed soon after. The Div. Supt., who had been driven to the venue by his son, h astened to the fire and found that the Post Office vehicle had been set up as a reporting and first aid post and that six Post Office personnel had turned ou t for duty. Soon after, a Nursing Member, having seen smoke from the conflagration, made enquiries and of her own volition attended to see if she could be of assistance.

The Post Office Division was prepared to call more of its members, but fortunately circumstances changed and the Fire Brigade and Police officials decided that evacuation was not necessary and a stand down was ordered. Whilst this was in progress the members helped to carry back the valuable stores and equipment that had been taken into the grounds whilst the fire was raging.

. This incident made demands upon the Division and the Post Office Ambulance Centre, but they were demands that the members met, for the local newspapers stated that the first volunteers with ambulances to answer the call for assistance were The Coventry Post Office Div. & Centre. A grati-' fying thought. The ambulance that was not needed was there to assist if called upon.

REVIEW CROSSWORD No. 3 I

Compiled by W. A. Potter

For details of the House and Membership, please complete and return this coupon to THE WARDEN, ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE, LONDON, S.W.I. (BELgravia 2732).

ACROSS

1. Make sure that the sufferer is not alive before touching him.

10. Cartilage forming lower part of sternum.

11 Secretion of glands be discovered protect duodenum from acid from stomach

12 Ma y be used to measure muscle po wer.

13. Dise ases occurring suddenly wit h .severe symptoms.

14 Extremely serious when more than 20 per cent of skin area is involved

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STORIES

All URGENT St. John news stories should be telephoned through- either to the Press Officer or the Assistant Press Officer at BELgravia 5231, Extension 39, a lso evenings and weekends Mrs. Heather Rich ar ds, EMPress 5761Where messages are received from individuals (and not County H.Q.), the Press Office undertakes to clear these with the CommissiOiner and COUD'ty Superintendent concerned.

Solution to Crossword NOI. 30.

Across: 7, An ear; 8, M.o .use .trap ; 10 , Uniovular ; 11 Bragg; 12, Opiate ; 13, Heat 16 , Silk ; 17 , Basa l ; 18, Ar.id ; 21, Unnerved; 22 , PenIs; 24, Offal ; 26, Nux vomica; 27, Retinitis; 28, Inure.

Down: 1, Penicillin; 2, Private; 3, Smell; 4, Puerperal ; 5 Bed bath; 6, Urea; 7, Aqueous humour; 9, Paget s disease; 14, Pernicious ; 15, Make a note; 19 ; Trilene; 20, Xeros.is ; 23 , E.xi.st ; 25, Fats.

35

17. Entrance to air passages.

18. Easily upset organ disturbs M.O .' s chat.

19. Science of health and sanitation.

22. Plaster for fracture of tibia found deep in out-field.

24. The third carries the power.

25. Old blood taker, but hardly a forerunner of the N.BT.S.

26. Water on prescription

29. Sesamoid may be fractured b y muscular action.

30 His work is impo rta n t in the understanding of immunity.

31. Psychosis . DOWN

2. Substances absorbed b y 22 down

3. Its formation arrests bleeding.

4 . Sort of operation a socialist surgeon might perform?

5. The forearm.

6. Transport by pulling.

7. When trocar is removed , it allows with d rawal of fluids from body.

8 Used in treatment of circulatory failure , haemorrhage an d CO poisoning.

9. Visualisation of lower air passages

15 Stick associated with fractures in children

16 Oppo site base of triangular bandage.

20. Stir leg [or cartilage.

21. Formed by scl e ra , choroid and retina

22. Vessel of small intestine.

23 Fifty-one pounds for certain consonants

27. Bones such as innominates , scapulae and those of the skull

28. Part of wheat richest in vitamin B

NATIONAL FIRST A1D COMPETITIONS 1966

Gas Industry, September 22, Friends House, Euston Road, London, N.W.I.

National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Centre, October 2, Plymouth.

Post Office Ambulance Centre, October 20, Seymour Hall, Seymour Place, W.l.

Fire Brigades, October 27, Chichester.

GRAND PRIOR'S TROPHY EVENTS, November 22, Seymour Hall, Seymour Place, W.I.

THE BRITISH RED CROSS IN ACTION

Dame Beryl Oliver, G.B. E., R.R.C.

THE REVIEW

THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN

This story of the British Red Cross, with a foreword by Carola Oman the historian, is no mere chronicle of events listing wars and disasters, as it records the achievements of the Society in the 96 years since its formation in 1870. In a forthright manner Dame Beryl Oliver recalls the events of the Crimean War, the Battle of Solferino and the part played by Henri Dunant in founding the Red Cross. There is a stirring account of the joint activities of the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John in the two World Wars.

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

Advertisements with remittance be sent to The Advertisement Dept., The St. John Review, 10 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1 (to which address replies to Box Numbers should be forwarded). Rate 9d. per word, minimum lOs. Box numbers 2/6 extra. Trade advertisements 1/- per word, minimum 15/ -.

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FOR SALE (continued)

AMBULANCE OFFICER S UNIFORM. Approximate size : chest 40in ., waist 35in., inside leg 29in Also greatcoat and two hat s (6 i ) £10 or nearest offer. Box No . 7!.

GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES

MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l

Ophthalmic Student Nurses

Candidates accepted at the age of 16 tc? commence an 18 months course of training as OphthalmiC Students. fields Medal and Certificate awarded to Sl!ccessful candidates. Well equipped School of Nursmg. candidates, on completiop may enter the Traming School of their chOlce. Comfortable Nurses Home in Kensington w ithin easy reach of the Hall, Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres . TenOlS Court. Active Soci a l Club Applications in writing to the Matron.

EASTBOURNE HOSPITALS NURSES' TRAINING SCHOOL (406 beds)

Comprising St. Mary s, Princess Alice and the Leaf Hospitals

To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. john, 10 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I.

Please supply j renew* ST. JOHN REVIEW commencing with the

1 enclose 17/- for 1 year

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Name

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Sir Arthur Bryant wrote in the Sunday Times: 'This scholarly and comprehensive book-the record of the British Red Cross's share in that work and the story of how the Red Cross came into being -crowns the life labour of one of the finest and most self-effacing of its servants . . . her book is factual, accurate and immensely informative'.

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37

MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON E.C.I

Vacancies exist for STATE ENROLLED NURSES enter for the Post-Enrolled training in OphthalmIC Nursing Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent in the School of NurSing. Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board. Opportunities for promotion an.d practical responsibility in the specialist field of nursIng.

Apply to Matron, Commander of the Order of St. John, Moorfields Eye Hospital.

Exceptional \ Opportunities in Residential Child Care

Have you had some experience in the residential care of children? Are you looking for an interesting position with a good salary and excellent prospects -of promotion? If you are, now is your chance!

The London Borough of Islington is opening a number of new homes in the next six months. Write to the Children's Officer at 345 Holloway Road, London, N. 7 for full details.

Illustrated is Little Corn bow , H alesowen - modern spacious premises designed and built specially for T. E. Webb & Co . Ltd . as a distribution and administration centre.

This is but one of the four '!' factories where we produce Christmas and Everyday Greeting Cards , Gift Wrappings , Calendars and Sundries exclusively for fund raising purposes. The outstanding quality and value of our products has been proved time and time again by the success many organisations have had by taking advantage of the facilities we offer.

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This should be in every ambulance-

Ambulancemen probably have to deal with more cases requiring art ficial respiration than any other branch of the medical profession except anaesthetists - and often in circumstances that are far from ideal. They know both the virtues of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and also its aesthetic disadvantages and practical difficulties in certain situations. In many emergencies special resuscitation equipment would be a godsend - and the Ambu is just such equipm e n t.

It has been chosen on its merits as the standard resuscitation equipment of Nato forces It is light, compact and inherently safe. It can be used with oxygen when necessary. Its complement is the Ambu foot pump for clearing airways of mucus or blood. Between them these two pieces of equipment can deal with the most difficult cases of resuscitation, yet they are not expensive - each costing only about £15 For further details please write to your nearest British Oxygen branch.

Vol. 39 No.8 August, 1966

One Shilling

This should be in every ambulance-

Ambulancemen probably have to deal with more cases requiring artificial respiration than any other branch of the medical profession except anaesthetists - and often in circumstances that are far from ideal. They know both the virtues of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and also its aesthetic disadvantages and practical difficulties in certain situations In many emergencies special resuscitation equipment would be a godsend - and the Ambu is just such equipment.

It has been chosen on its merits as the standard resuscitation equipment of Nato forces It is light, compact and inherently safe. It can be used with oxygen when necessary . Its complement is the Ambu foot pump for clearing airways of mucus or blood. Between them these two pieces of equipment can deal with the most difficult cases of resuscitation, yet they are not exp e nsive - each costing only about £15. For further details please write to your nearest British Oxygen branch.

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HIS MAJESTY KING HUSSEIN of J ordan shaking hands with the Lord Prior, Th e Lord Wakehurst, on his arrival

HIS MAJES TY KI N G H USSEI N was shown some of the St. John Ambulance Association publications and a map pin-pointing the distribution of the centres throu g hout the world by Sir P hilip Southwell, the D irector Gen e ral The Association First Aid te x t books are available in many languages including A r abic. This point very lnuch interested His Majesty who expressed the opinion that teaching First Aid in Jordan would b e of g r eat ben.efit. Jo hn Warburton

HIS MAJESTY KI G HUSSEIN ta kes a keen interest in the Ord e rs' activities and the oppo rtunit y was taken whi le he was vi si tin g St. John 's Gate to s how him s o m e of the relics and treasures of the past and also the work of it s three foundations. Sir Harr y Lu ke showed Hi s Maje t y the ex hi bit of ome of the older treasures. The Deputy H ospitafler, Air Commodore T. K. Lyle and Miss Ma rgaret Hol/oway, Matron of th e Ophthalmic H ospital in J erusalem, were presented to him in f r ont of the exhibi t iUII trating th e work of the hospital. H e was then accompa lli ed by the Commi iOller-in-Chief, R ea r-Admiral R oye r Di ck, to witness the treatment of a "cas u a lt y" ill a Fir {-aid po t by members of London (Prince of Wales's) Di s tri ct ullde r the l eade r hip of Divisional Superintendent Mrs. Bareham, H anwell ursing Di vision. Picture h olVs H i Maje t) haking hand with ur ing Cadet Maureen Flower of the Chadwell Heath IIr sing Cad e t Dil 'ision while Ambulance Cadet D esmond White of the St. J ohn's Gate Ambulance Cadet Dil'i iOIl awaits his turn to be presented. Oth e r members im olved in the tableau were Corpo ra l Wiffiam tacey, 85 EaJinJ< Ambulance Di vision, ursing Member Miss G lad y Stannard and ur ing Cadet Juli e Fallows, who acted as patient, of 185 Hanwell III' ing Dil i iOI1 a lld C 80 Chadwelf H ea th ur ing Cadet Di vision respectively.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE RULE STATUTES OF THE HOSPITALLERS OF THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM by Su rge on Li e u te n an t-Co m m a nder Lawr a n c e-Owen , M B E Ro ya l N a vy

In the year 600 the ho pice for Latin pilgrim wa founded in Jeru alem, under the control of the Benedictine Abbot of St. Maria Latina.

In 1099, when Jerusalem was captured by the Cru aders the Ble ed Gerard wa in charge of the Ho pital and it wa he who founded a separate order of Ho pitallers, no longer under Benedictine control; the Hospitaller lived accor d ing to Augustinian rule , and had none of their own.

In 1120 the Ble sed Raymond du P uy ucceeded Gerard and drew up the first rule which consi ted originally of 15 clau es, based on the Augustinian rule; this was the foundation upon which the numerous su bsequent statute and ordinances were based. During this period of history the Order was completely militari ed , following the example of the Templars; the Rule of R aymond du P uy ha been trans l ated into English an d p ubli hed in Porter's "History of the Knig h ts of Malta" Vo l. 1, Appendix 7, in King's "Knights of the Holy Land ," 13

and in King' " Rule Statutes and Customs of the Hospitaliers. "

The next Master of the Hospital whose tatutes are known to u was Fr. J obert 1172-1177 , and at this period there wa a reaction against militarism: he "establi hed good tatutes for the Service of God and the Church , and for the benefit of our Lord the ick ,' the fu- t of these relates to the provi ion of white bread for the patients in the ho pital , and the econd relate to the Services of the Church.

For the next ten year until 1187 R oger des Moulin the Anglo - orman Soldier wa elected; the trend towards militarism returned to the Hospitallers. Hi statute show con iderable detail of the organi ation and admini tration of the Or d er' mention is made of Bailiff P riors an d Comman d er together with a separate cla s of Military Brethren.

(Continued on page 38)

at St. John s Gat e John Warbunon

A HAPPY PICTURE of

HIS EXCELLENCY The Governor of J e rusal e m, Anwa r E l Khatib, shaking hands with Do ctor Boase , Wa rd

DOCTOR BOASE re ceiv ing Sheikh Saadel Deen EI Alamy, Mufti of J erusa l em. Also in the picture is Mr. I ssa Marogi, Superintendent of the Ho s pital.

ST. JOHN'S DAY

PICTURE SHOWS

Assis tant Matron Miss Ei leen Smith, Mrs. Boase and Dr. Boase greeting Dr. A. Tarazz" of th e Agus ta V ic toria H os pital, Jerusalem.

y

ht)

Naser, Prof essor of the B ei rut College, Aref El Aree, we ll- known author and historian, Ameen Haddad, Raht El Kaateeb, Ma yo r of J erusa l em, Abdul Had y, membe r of the senate and Ha ssa n Hl Khalid

Manager 0/ the liai

office,

alem.

R E PRESENTATIVES OF many Go vernments and religious bodies and people from a variety of nations attended the most successful St. fohn's D ay party at the O phthalmiC Hospital. The sisters of Zion r un a school and orphanage There are ve ry cordial relations between the Ophthalmic H ospital and the many other charitable o rganisations working in the Middle East.

THE MEDICAL and Nu rsi n.g Staff at the hospit al h ave Ltn iqu e cloaks which are worn only on St. Jo hn's Day. As for the period of their ser"i ces with the hospital they are appointed temporary Serving Broth ers and Serving Sisters.

PICTURE SHOWS

D r. David Owen, Dr. Sami EI-Douri, f rom the I P.C. Kuwait, Dr. Ronny Ray from t he U.S.A., Dr. Keith. Batten and Dr. !I 'an O'Connor.

GROUP OF the sisters and nurses in which the sisters' distinctive ce remonial capes can. be seen.

St. John's Day,London

Overseas members and friends on the steps of St. Paul's

PICTURE SHOWS Mi Barbara Stace, Western Australia, Major C. M. Wa,.rack, Jamai ca, Mrs. Archer of New Zealand and her guest, Colonel W. L. R. Benyon, Controller Ov ers eas, Miss N. D e Mien'e, Staff Officer for Overseas, Cadet David Treharne, Australia and Mr. K. C. Raymond, Trinidad and TobaRo.

(More pictures on page 37)

A GROUP of the sisters, St. J ohn. Ophthalmic Hospital, Jerusalem. Sisters f ean Kidger, Ernestine Gugerel, Georgette Martin, Helen Bennett, Hazel Western, Sandra Smith and Rosetta Clark.

BATH CITY P olice Ambulance Members 1. Harris, R. S. Tyler, E. R. Hayward and 1 Wilmot, winners of Championship trophy, the D ewar Shield, also the Trimb le Shield for the highest marks i11 individual tests and the Ellis Cup for the team le ader gaining highest indi vid ual marks

BRIGADE FINALS 1966

ALL THE WINNERS

PALMERS GREE ur ing, Di vision , Divi ional Superintendent B. Charlton, ursing J:1emb.ers G. Cook, A.. and Sergeant 1. Winter gill who also ca rri ed off three trophies lItcfudll!g the ChampIOn. hiP, th e cup for the highest marks in the individual ection, and they also ga in ed the highest mar ks in th e Hom e Nursing Competition

BEAR PARK Ambulance Cad e t Di v ision, Ambulance Cad et s R. Dunb ar, C . Br o wn , 1 Corri g an, C. G em s ki and A. Kn ox , w h o

includin. g the Champ

Jar v is C u p for th

Cup for the

lead er w ith the

GLYNNEATH Nursing Cadet Division, Nursing Cadet s C. Lewis, S. Andrews, J . Passmore, L. Bowen and M. Rees made it a proud day for Wales by also captu rin g five trophies including the Championship. The y gained the Whit e-Knox Indi v idual Cup for the team with the highest marks in this section, the Endon Cup for the highest marks in the te am test, the Tweedale Cup for having been top in the flome Nursing section and als o the Bed-makin g Cup. 20

& DISTRICT

READERS may remember that last year the Market Harborough

Urb an District Council awarded the Brigade the Citi zenship Cup in recognition of the Nursing Cadet team feat in winning the Brigade Finals Competition for two conyears, as well as - an appreciation of the work done fLy the Brigade as a whole in the Area. Although the team must be disappointed at this year's result, they are to be congratulated for coming second. Team members we7'e Nursing Cadets

M. A. Bowley, S. E. lliffe, P A. Street, S. Lancaster and K. M. Clewlon.

SPALDING AMBULANCE

Cadet Division, Lincoln, Ambulance Cadets P de Camps, R. de Camps, 1. Harrison, S. Greenfi eld and 1. C. Cannon were runners-up for the Ambulance Cadet section gaining the Schooling Cup.

R.

Bow L for

R.

CITY

E.

the Hingston

marks in th

team test.

SITTI GBOUR E UR 1 G DIYI 10 Dil i ional Offi ce r H. Ralph, Sgt. E. Morri , UJ'sing M e /l1b er J Simmon, H. Cheesman and Cpl B Ro siter proudly di playil!g the Stewart Cup for ga inil7R third place in th e competi tion.

GRIFFITHSTOWN Ambulance Cad et Team, Priory For Wales , Ambulance Cadets J H ewlett, D 1. Phillips, R A. Pitchf o rth, P. B Tindall and A. Ford gained the Powna ll Cup for coming third

NURSING CADET Division, K ent, Nwsing Cadets Y. Elvey, C. Bisson, H. I gglesden and S. Greensted came third, only 2t marks behind Market HarboroLlgh, for which they were awarded the Po wnall Cup. They also carried off the Cunard Cup for th e smartest turn-out 23

OUTHAMPTO

POLICE Ambulance Members Sgt. E. Rimmer, C E. Nicholson,

K. Leigh,

Cook alld

Mand ev ill e were third, onLy four marks behind the wi nners. Howeve r, th ey qualifi ed for the Hong Kon g ShieLd for the team placing third and also

CANTERBURY

P ICTURE SHOWS The National Dock Labour Board T eam, London: Di v Supt. W. A. Oliver, Staff Sgt. F. E Cowling, Ambulance Members J. Harris and J. Newcombe in action. The y we re placed 7th in the over-all competition but won the Copland - Griffiths Cup for the high es t marks in uniform.

SCA RBORO UGH NU R SING D IVISION, North Riding of Yorkshire, Divisional Superintendent N. Outhet, Nursing

Membe rs C. H. Brown, D . D ay and F. Johnson proudly d isplaying the Ellis Cup which thei r captain won in the section for the highest individual marks gained by the team l eader. They were placed fifth in the over -all competitio n.

SHA RR OW NU R SING DIVISION , West Riding of Yo r kshi r e, D i visional Supe rint en d e nt B M Holt, Nu rs in g

Members G. Robertson , J. Whtehead, M A. Kane and P. Lee came top in t he uniform for which they wer e awarded the G rosvenor Cup

24

RADCLIFFE NU R SING DIVISIO , Duke of Lanca s ter's District, Div. Supt. E. E. Grimshaw, Nursing

Member A . Chatbu1'11., Sgt. A. Tonge, Cpl. F. H yde and Nur sinR Member B. Raymond holding the Mountbatten Cup for ha ving gained the hig h est marks in the Team Test

National Brigade . Finals Results

on page 43

SIR ARTHUR POR R ITT pr ese nt ed the awards at the Brigade Finals and had members of St. John f r om ove rseas pre se nted to him. (Lto r) Mr and Mr s. S. Ogu nlolu, Nigeria and Miss Barbara Stace, Western Au st ralia

LEFT TO RIGHT :

Mr. C. R. Pi/b eam, St. John Adviser, Nigeria, Mr. J. C. Raymond, Trinidad and Tobago, Mr K. C. Pil e, Barbados, Mrs. F. M. Whiltshire, S.R , Kenya, and Sir Arthur P orritt.

MR. & iRS THOMAS

GILMOU R from Canada and Mrs. H olloway, whose daughter is Matron of the St. John Ophthalmic Ho spita l in Jerusa l em, attended the Brioade Finals.

M . G .

The Cyprus International Speed -boat Comp e

tit i on

ine co un t ries - including the U.K. and Cyprus - took part with 113 speed -boats in an internabo n al peed-boat competit jon heJd this summer at Famagusta.

The St. John Ambulance Brigade , Famagusta Di tr ict, wa asked by the Organi ing Committee of the Competition to provide fun First Aid coverage. The "rallie " took place every day morning and afte rnoon from Monday to Saturday, except Thur day , when the peed-boat moved to Larnaka , for a pecia l competition

The ta k of covering both pectators and competitor required pecial thought and organisation. Thi involved Fh t Aici foot patrol on the beache ready to deal with any emergency among the pectator and a Fir t Aid room on the beach , under the command of a doctor (kindly econded by the Famagusta General Ho pital) , a i ted by Ambulance an d ur jng member. An ambulance was tanding by.

Fir t Ai d Afioa t

In the centre of the cour e there were three Fir t A id boat. In each bo at there were two Fjy t ider a nd two frogmen of the Cypru I avy.

Fortunately they were not call d upon to deal with any major accident. The only accident treated were minor cut a nd cratche a nd ome ca e of unburn.

Corp upt. M. G. Zodhi ate wa in charge of the operation an d after the event thanked all officer an d member , and the Commi ion r of the St. John Ambulance Brigade , Cypru Di trict Dr. Zernon Pano (Director of Health and Medical Service , Cypru) for hi help and guidance and for finding time to go to ta everal time during the week. He a1 0 thanke d the H.Q. officer Mi Sonia and Mi Houri who went every day to Famagu t a to help as well a the St. John Ambulance Brigade , ico ia , and the Famagu ta General Ho pital for the loan of an ambulance.

Well D eserve d R eward

The Organi ing Committee of the International Spee d -Boat Competition later pre ente d Famagu sta District Corps with a han d ome cup in recognition of their service - a reward well earned

Zodh i ates leading the parade of th e Fama!2.usta District

St. John Ambulance Brigade Units An in.te resting difference to other parade is th e fact that the Ambulance Members carry the st retche rs with them.

S O ME OF the Nursing Contingent , Famagusta Corps.

GIBRALTAR

NURSE CONSUELO FRENDO, an 18-yea r- old Cadet Leader in the Nursing Division of the St. John Am bulance Brigade, Gibralta r , seen ou tside BriRade Headquarters after having been congratl liated by member of the Nursing Division for 1v inning the Lord Thompson's Pri z e on. 29th April, 1966. The pri z e was presented b y Lady Lathbury in the Sister s Lounge of St. B ernard's Hospital, where Miss Frendo first t oo k up e mplo y ment as a nur e in 1964.

A TEAM OF Cad e t s of th e Cad e t Di vision of th e St. J o hn Ambulan ce Brigad e d e monstratin g out sid e th e ir headquarters how t o lift a pati e

limb.

MEMBERS OF the Adult Division of the St John Ambulance Brigade d e mon s trating how to attend to a person who has been r un over by a motor car.

" ORD'ER OF MALTA "

Division of the St. John Am b ulance Brigade

A a re ult of the igning in 1963 of a Declaration of friend hip between the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and the Mo t Venerable Order a practical e pre ion of the co-operation between the two will be the formation of a new Divi ion to be kn wn a the Order of Malta" Divi ion of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

Recruiting for thi combined Divi ion ha tar ted and it is hoped that it will be e tabli hed by 1967. Appropriately it headquarter will be at the St. John & Elizabeth Hospital (which is maintained by the overeign Military Order), 60 , Grove End Road , London, N.W .S.

Major N. G. H. Holdrich, Secretary of the Ho pita l and a Knight of Malta, will be in charge of the Divi ion which will be tarting its initial Fir t Aid course on September 27 , 1966.

We hope that readers in the area will encourage their friend and relations to attend this co ur e and to make it as widely known as po sible. We would like to expre s o u r be t wis h es to them and we look forward to receiving a photograph and report of t h e ir inaug ur a l ceremo ny in the near f u ture.

OVERSEAS

THE H a N. I VAN VAZ, Cust os of St. Catherine, offi cial ly open.ing th e combined SJAA and SJAB H e adqu.arte rs in Spanish Town, Jamaica, on 8th Dec e mb e r, 1965. Frol17 right: Mr. H. E. D ouglas, M.P.; Coun ci ll o r A. U. King, Mayo r of Spanish Town ; Mr H. D. Campb e //, SJAA Parish Chai rman; Mr. Va z , Mrs Va z; Mr. Ju tice G E. WaddinR t on (pa rtly hidde n) , Chair m an of the Council for J amaica ; M r E. G. Gr oves, Chai rm an , Jamaica S.E. Ce n t re, S J AA. D dwarcls

THE MEMBER 0/ the Gampaha ursll1g Di"i ion demonstrati ll g how to r ender

First A id t o (1) Fmctitr e of th e Collar B one (left), and (2) F ra ct llr e of the P eh is (ri'!;h l) on th e occasion of the An nual In spection by Col. D N. Ro ck l'vood, E.D., th e Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, Ceylon.

George W F. Ellis

POLZEATH BEA H HUT in action du rin !? th e s umm e r months. It is open five days a week dllring th e t o uri s t eason in Cor n wa ll Area Supe rint endent Mrs. Gou ld attending t o a mill or ca ualt y. This hut was given to th e BriRade by a fo rm e r County up e rint enden t , irs. V. W. O ak l e) , alld thr ee o r four local Di l'is i o ll ha ve maint ain ed a R o ter fo r a pe ri od 0/ 6 yea r An article appeared in the May s /l e of th e " R el iew" by M rs. . V. W. Oakley e nt it l ed "Some of My Yesterdays."

AROUND and ABOUT

SIR CHARLES MARKHAM , Commissioner of K e n y a St. John, recei ves a new VW Ambulance from Sir Malin Sorsbie, C.B.E ., St. John Ambulance Staff. From left to right: Mr. Moses Kagwema, M r Javan Mavisi and Mr. C. V. Shah. Eas African St a ndard

A PRIZE DR W in aid of 1 o rthamp lolls hir e Coamy administratil'e funds wa h eld at the Brigade h eadquarte rs in o rth ampton 0 11 J une _li d The draw lVas mad e b) the Marchioness of o rthampt o ll, Count) vice - president, and ra ised £-00 ilL the l at es t of a e ri es of effo rts to rais e fu n ds to cove r heavy administrative co ts at County Offi ce. A l 0 present at th e draw were Captain J. S Park er, County Commissioner, w ho on the l eft of th e pictu r e, alld Dr. W. J. G. Dra keLee, D ep ut y Commi sione r, and c hairman of the appeals committee. Watching th e d ra w were offi ce rs from corps and division in the county. "Many people do n o t r ea lis e th e work d Oll e at CO ll nt y Of f ice Gnd H h a t it co ts, " sa id M r. Dra keLee. Th e f irst prize in th e draw was £ 100 lVorth of Pr e mi1lm B onds, the second ro worth, and th e third £10 of bond.

31

THE L ORD LIEU TENA N T of Monmouthsh ir e, Co lone l E. R Hill, carried out an i nspection a t Mon.mou t h Cas tl e of t h e Cade ts of the Silurian. Co r ps St. J ohn. Ambu la n ce B rigade, Pr io ry fo r W ales. He is seen t a l king to Amb ul ance Cad e t Gwillym G riffi ths of T ret h omas.

outh W a les Argu s

EGGS collected by membe rs of St. George's Road Ambulance Cadet Division, St. John Ambulance Brigade and Sunda y school children of St. George's Church, Ryder Road, Stoke, Plymouth, we re dist ributed by the cadets to patients at Devonpo rt Hosp i tal Here, Annette McCormack receives her egg from seven-year-old Ambulance Cadet Norman Flo) d. There we re e n o u g h eggs t o g ive t o eve r) patient in this hospital. Som e also rece iv ed fresh new laid eggs. The surplus was given to the N.S. P .C.C. in P lymouth.

We tern Morning N ew

MEMBER OF th e SprolV ton o. 1 S.l.A.B, U/'sing Cadet Team pictured wi th their mascot

regional

a doll dressed in a St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade

after

orwich, Left to ri g ht are: Anne Florence, Kathleen. Tarpy, Juli e Park er, F10nces B arker and Alison Nuter.

• Beware of all shrub s a nd tr ees po ssessi n g a milky late x. Th e- ripe fruit of the comm on fig i s a single ex cepti on to t his rule.

• Bewar e of all bulbou s pl a nt s grow n for flo r al pu rposes a nd all bulbou s weed s in t h e gar den s, including lilie s, ir is, d affodil s, hyacinth s, ar u m lilie s and ag a p a nthus

• Do not ea t fungi po sse ss ing a cup a t the b as e of the stalk , including the toad stool , the a n gel of death.

• If in charge of a s chool or pre-s chool centr e, or planning a garden where there are young child re n, avoid planting oleander , which is potentially a very danger ous plant. Remember al s o to take gr e at care when des troying an y material of oleander, especiall y by burning.

• Pr otect to ddl er s from b aving com plete access t o pl ant s 0 and aro und the h ome u n t il t h ey are old en ou gh to avoi d t h em.

• Le a rn to recogni se plants li sted as p oiso n ou s 32 or p oss ibl y p oisonous, b ut, if in d oub t, b e very careful.

TAKI G P A R T in the St. John Ambulance Brigade ( 0.9 R eoion. ) regiona l cadet competit i ons at No rthicote School, Bushbury, are th ese thr ee nursing cadets from St, Chad's, Wo l verhampton,representing Staffordshire. They are (left to right): Ann Cohen, Anne Aitken and Jenni/er Hugh e , Cadets /1'0177 six counties competed. Winners of the Ambulance Cadets contest were Shropshire, with H er t fordshire second and Worcestershire third. Winners of the Nursing Cadets' competition were Worcestershire with St. Chad s, Wolverhampton, seco nd, and Shropshire, thi rd.

33

Expre c tar, \ olverhampLOn

Elizabeth,

uniform,

competing in a recent

co mp etition between ix coun ti es at the Gurney H ende rson School,

DURING a concentrated Recru.iting drive in the Duk e of Lancaster's District, cadets in Liverpool gave demonstrations of some of their efficiency subjects. Nursing Cadets are given a lesson in Child Care from their Superintendent J. McInroy.

THRAPSTO CADET attending a man who had fallen w hile cleaning windows, o n e of the t ests at th e r egiona l cadets' competitions held recent ly at th e J oh n L ea School, Wellingborough.

Liverpoo l Echo

AMBULANCE AND NURSING CADETS receiving instructions in Animal Care It is inter estinR to note that Cadets in the Mersey area in 1965 gave 11,000 hour s of voluntary service. In the Liverpool area there are 700 Ambulance and Nursing Cadets whose training is given by Area Staff Officer Mr. Wilf Spencer and Miss Anne Seddon, both of whom were cade ts before joining the Adult Division.

MEMBERS OF th e Bedwardine & Powi ck Nursing Division entertaining the neighbouring Di v isi ons at th eir An llu al Social Evening Th e picture shows a "s kit" on th e popular T. V. Seri e -" Dr Kildar e," with th e m e mb ers doing eve ryth inR that s h ou ld not be don e, during an operation. This idea may make an amusing tabl eau for carnival floats.

THIS M ONT R EAL FAMILY boasts 54 years of combined service in St John. The senior member of the trio, George Howes, (centre), fi rst joined 50 Division in Montreal in 1933 Now retired, he s till s ells St. John First Aid kits in a courtesy booth at Simpson's. Son Clifford, right, joined the Brigade in 1946. He is now Staff Officer for the Montreal and District Corps and resp o n sible for all public duties in the area. Grandson Douglas became a 711 ember of the Roxboro Division last year. He offers no predictions as to what fourth generation Howes will do.

News from Canada

St. John 's Day London

P A RTY mounting

\Va carri ed by Area Staff Offi

r T. L Hurst fol/ow ed by S erge ant David Claremont, 30 Ea ( L o nd o n Ambulan ce Dil i i o n alld erge ant G e orRe Wa// er, 15 East Ham Ambulan ce Di visioll , Ea (ern Ar

Cemen t Tomb

THE ST. J OHN 444 Radio Division was quickly on the scene when a supporting scaffold collapsed as cement was being poured for an over-pass on the Trans -Canada H ighway leading to the Expo '67 grounds at Montreal. Severa l lives were l ost and a number of men received severe injuries St. John members can be seen using their radio apparatus.

JOHN'S DAY Brigade band.

"SAFETY BY THE SEA"

The Film Strip produced by Camera Talks, with the co-operation of the Accident Prevention Advisory Service and the Crusader Assurance Company Limited, is based mainly on the principles laid down by the National Water Safety Cominittee of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, who together with the Royal Life Saving Society were consulted in the early stages of production, and it is considered that the film strip serves a useful purpose in drawing the attention of the general public to the necessity for taking safety precautions at the seaside.

There are, however, some points which have been missed in the commentary or have been insufficiently emphasised:

(a) It has not been made clear that boat users should wear a suitable buoyancy aid at all times. The commentary mentions the wearing of a life-jacket when going "any distance" by water.

(b) The commentary does not emphasise that water wings MUST be used only under supervision .

(c) The commentary mentions, "think before jumping in or pushing someone else in." Never push anyone else into the water.

(d) No mention is made that bathing should be in the centre of a beach, never at the ends where the bather may be alone. Where there is an area patrolled by life-guards bathing should only be in the patrolled area$

(e) Mention is made of training for rescuing a person from drowning and some badges are shown. No b adges for Proficiency in Lifesaving as taught by the Royal Life Saving 38

It was then decided to choose the next Master from outside the Hospitaller s and Alfonso of Portugal was selected; he was the son of Alfon so Henreques , the first King of Portugal , and he ruled from 1203-1306. His statute s are the most important of these earliest times, dealing with organisation and administration of the Order, the Con st itution of Chapter General, a nd the Selection of the M asters.

The detailed regul ations were prepared in two part s, and Chapter General met at Margat to confirm what were in fact, rules to strengthen the ancient statutes and customs of the Order ; the first part wa duly pa sse d , but the econd-aimed at restoring conventual di scipline -was rejected. Alfonso therefore, resigned, returned home , and wa poisoned by hi relatives; the Statutes of Margat, however, rem ained a foundation stone of the Constitution, an d were referred to in the Statutes of Count Verdala in 15 84.

The Chronicle of Dece ase d Masters notes that "Alfo n so made good stat ute , and it so happened that he i ued a certain order to his Convent, and be ca u e hi Convent did not obey him, he re igned hi ofllce a Master and flung d own the sea l which wa taken up by the bailiff and they chose another Master."*

During the next 60 years the Hospitallers were governed by the Rule of Raymond du Puy , the statute s of Margat , and the Judgment s and Customs of the Order.

These latter consist of a detailed code of regulations covering the day-to-day life and conduct of the brethren ; the Judgment s or Esgarts are the deci sio ns of Chapter General on particular cases, which form the b as is for so lution s of su b se quent similar ca ses; the Customs or Usances cover the traditional procedure of the Order without any deci sions being recorded.

The Judgments and Customs together form a Code of 137 clau ses, and the first 87 of these are Judgment s; they date from the early 13th Century, a nd were probably imposed by Garin de Montaign.*

Society are shown an d those badges which are shown are for per so nal survival a bility

(f) Mention is made of the necessity for learning Emergency Resu sci tation , and it would have been better if the names of all the organisations providing such training had been given.

Perhaps these points could be covered in a future reprint of the notes. This appraisal was prepared for the "Review" by a member of a well-known voluntary organisation speciali ing in this field.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE RULE STATUTES OF THE HOSPITALLERS OF THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM

(Continued from page 13)

Almost immediately after de s Moulins was killed in battle near Cana of Galilee, fighting against Saladin 's son, Pale sti ne was overrun by the Sar a cens , and Jeru salem surre ndered to Sal a din ; the Hos.pitallers departed to the castle of M argat on the frontiers of Antioch and Tripolis. During the ne xt five years, they were a purely military order like the Templars, with charitable function in second place.

The treaty of R a mleh restored peace , but continuity was not easy to restore, particularly by so weak a ruler as Fr. Geoffrey de Donjon (11931202) From 1197-8 the Convent was transferred from Margat to Acre during the German Crusade , and a new hospital established; this was followed by a sad state of affairs when the Templars and Hospitallers broke away from all control as a result of rivalry between themselves, and the Pope intervened.

Master Bertr and de Comp (1236 -9 ) changed the con titution by giving the Knight precedence over the clerical brethren fo ll owing the cu tom of the Templar and other military order uch as St. Lazaru . the change h owe d the degree of militari atio n which had taken place since the fall of Jeru a lem.

In 1258 Ma ter Hugh Revel a umed office and in 126 2 he ummoned Chapter General to a sem ble at Acre; here they pa ed 52 reforming statute . Twenty-three uppl ementary clau e were sanctioned durin g the next three year and in 1268 a f urther 30 tatutes were pa ed' in 19 year the Ma ter h a d put forward 104 new Statutes revi ing the working of the Order of which one of the rno t intere ting laid down that Knight of the Order must be on of Knight or of Knigbtly familie , later defined as ' born of parents noble both by name an d arm .' Thi wa the origin of the di tinction between Knights of Ju tice an d Knights of Grace.

Hugh Revel di.ed in 1277 after making the mo t important legi slation of any of the ruler of the Ho pita l his great work wa fully appreciated by the Order , a nd indeed he wa known as Brother Hugh the Reformer. t

*Garin de Montaign (1207-1228) was this choice, and he completed the work 0 ab ly started by hi di stinguis hed predece or vide: "Seal of the Order of St. John of Jeru a l ern." Revi ew of the Order, February 1964 by the a uthor.

i'V12 DeJaville Le RouI x , Le Hospitalier e n Terre Sainte.

39

By Master icholas Le Lorgne (1277 -85) a decree was issued ordering the arms of the Order to be painted upon the shield s of the military brethren; 34 new statutes were sanctione d , the most important in 1278, which instituted the Conventual Bulla , the Great Seal of the Convent. From 1285-1294 John de Villiers was Master; he held a meeting of Chapter Gener a l in Acre, and two at Limassol, passing 26 new statutes His succe ssor, Odo de s Pin s (1294 -96) also held two meetings of Chapter Gener al in Limassol pa ssing eight tatutes including one which contained the earliest known Ii t of the Grand Priories . It appears that Odo de s Pins was som ewhat lacking in a dministrative a bility , and dro ve the Order to revolt aga in st him. William de Villaret (1296-1305) called a meeting of Chapter General at A vignon in 1297, and attempted to do the same in 1300; but this time the Convent made such strong representation against a further meeting in France, that the Venue was charged to Limassol, and a statute p asse d to ensure that all further Ch apters were to be held there. This then became a yearly event an d 114 sta tute were passed in five years; as a re ult of these, the Master lost many of his powers.

The number of Conventual Bailiffs remained five until the ad d ition of Admiral in 1300, and Turcopolier three year later. There were 70 Knights 10 Sergeants -at -Arms, each Knight having two esquires and each Serge ant one.

William de Villa ret was succeeded b y his nephew Fulk , soon to become famed as the Conqueror of Rhode ; he held the la st two meetings of Chapter General at Linla 01.

The Chroni.cle of the Deceased Masters notes that "he wa a man of the greatest energy, but on acco unt of hi haughtines the brethren of the Convent held him in hatred."

*It al 0 appear that they form the econd part of the code laid b fore the Chapter General at Margat in 1206 by Alfonso of Portug a l , and their rejection caused his re ignation V12 Library Committee O.S J J Hi to rical Pamphlet: o. - . E J. King. 193_.

Full Colour Filmstrip, Price 3 gns, including teaching notes

Keeping alive on the ocea n waves.

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Advertisements with remittance should be sent [0 The Advertisement Dept., The St. John Review, 10 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.1 (to which address replies to Box Numbers should be forwarded). Ra[e 9d. per word, minimum lOs. Box numbers 2/6 extra. Trade advertisements 1/- per word, minimum 15/-.

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1959 AUSTIN PRINCESS AMBULANCE in very good condition £350 or any offers. All inquiries to: G. McKay, 6 Dudley Walk, RIPON , Yorkshire. Tel.: Ripon 2689.

ADVERTISING PENCILS, Superb Ball Pens , Combs, Brushes, etc., gold-stamped with Brigade name, raise funds quickly, easily. Repeat orders assured. Details: Northern Novelties, Bradford, 2.

OFFICER 'S Uniform 46in. chest , 40in. waist, inside leg 29tin. Caps 7t & 6t, Good condition. Offers to Taylor, 4 Mill Street, Bideford, Devon.

DNISIONAL Supt. Uniform, new, cost £23 . Fit Height 6ft. lin., 44in. chest , also Corps Surgeon s Uniform, worn once. Cost £24. Height 5ft. 7in. , 40in. chest. Enquiries to: Area Secretary, S.J.A.B. , N.C.B. Headquarters , Edwinstowe, Notts.

S.J.A.B. BADGE Wall Shields, 32s. 6d. S.J A.B. Gold cased crested Cuff Links, 52s 6d. Trophy Shields supplied. Men's White Nylon Gloves, 14s . 6d. Medal ribbon Is. 3d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniforms , I s. 3d. each ribbon if IUQunted on pin b rooch. Medals mounted ; miniatures quoted for. Stamp for leaflets. - MONTAGUE JEFFERY, Outfitter , St . Giles Street, Northampton.

BAZAARS, GARDEN FETES, SPORTS EVENTS, send for catalogue FUND RAISERS , BALLOON RACES, PERFUME CARDS, FANCY GOODS, TROPHY CUPS, TOYS, CARNIVAL HATS, NOVELTIES, etc. ALL AT TRADE PRICES. Save £'s from the largest suppliers in the country. Swinnerton Ltd. , Dept R.O. , Union Street, W a l salL

40

GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES

MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL

CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.l:.l Ophthalmic Student Nurses

Candidates accepted at the age of 16 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students. Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates Well equipped School of Nursing. Successful candidates, on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses' Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert Hall, Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Court. Active Social Club.

Applications in writing to the Matron.

EASTBOURNE HOSPITALS NURSES' TRAINING SCHOOL

(406 beds)

Comprising St. Mary's, Princess Alice and the Leaf Hospitals

Applicatio!l5 are invited from (suitably) well educated young men and women of IS yean and over for 3-year course in General Training.

Training is in accordance with the 1962 Experimental S y llabu s Block SY S e m of Training in modem, well equipped training unit. Excellent practical experience available Full recreational facilities including beach huts and chalets Nurses on the Supplementary Registers are accepted for a 2-year course.

Imm ediate vacancies 1966. For a ppli cation forms and illuSlrate d brochure apply lO Malron, Princess Alice Ho spila Easlboume

MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON E.C.I

Vacancies exist for STATE ENROLLED NURSES to enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing.

Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board

Opportunities for promotion and practical responsibility in the specialist field of nursing.

Apply to Matron, Commander of the Order of St. John, Moorfields Eye Hospital.

STORIES

All URGENT St. John news storie should be telephoned through- either to the Press Officer or the Assistant Press Officer at BELgravia 5231, Extension 39, a lso evenings and weekends . Mrs. Heather Richards, EMPress 5761. Where messages are received from individuals (and not County H.Q.), the Press Office unde'rtakes to dear these with the Commissioner and County Superintendent concerned.

SIDE DRUMS

THE HOUSE OF POTTER

For details of the House and Membe rship, please complete and retmu this co upon to THE WARDEN, ST JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE, LONDON, S.W I. (BELgr avi a 2732).

Name

Full AddresL

INVESTITURE PH O T O GRAPHS

D O N'T D ELAY- O RD E R T ODA Yl INVESTITUR E PHO T OGRAPHS MUST BE ORD E R ED IN ADVAN CE .

Photo graphers atten d ing Investitures represent the lo cal press. The cost of co mmissioning a photo graph is £1 and a ny o ne wishing t o be p ho togra p he d shoul d as soon as p o ss ibl e

1. Send a written request to the Press O ffice, 10 Gr o svenor Cresce nt, L o n d on, S W .I.

2. With their nam e an d addr ess

3. Enclosing a chequ e or p o stal o r d er fo r £1 made o ut to the O r d er o f St. John.

4. Provi d e a few b i o graphi cal de tai ls

Solution to Crossword No . 31.

Across: 1, Electric shock; 10, Xiphoi d ; 11, Brunner 12, Grip; 13, Acute; 14, Burn; 17, Nostril; 18, Stomach 19, Hygiene; 22, Long leg; 24, Rail; 25, Leech; 26, Aqua 29, Patella; 30, Ehrlich; 31, Mental illness.

Down : 2, Lipoids; 3, Clot; 4, Radical; 5, Cubitus; 6, Haul; 7, Cannula; 8, Oxygen therapy; 9, Bronchography; 15, Green; 16, Point; 20, Gristle; 21, Eyeball; 22, Lacteal; 23, Li.quids; 27, Flat; 28, Bran.

REVIEW CROSSWORD No. 11

Co mpiled b y W. A. Po tt er

ACROSS

1. Found in the mouth in measles

7. Taken by actor before speaking.

9. Medicine given to improve functions of body

10. Pain, sir! There is a suitable drug

11. D ecorative band.

12 Protection for a finger on the market.

13. Hand-seat for casualty able to use his ann

16 . Most aid for prominence of temporal bone.

17. Infection of finger , pos ibly involving terminal phalanx.

18 The four elementary ones are epithelial muscular nervous and connective.

21. Twisting of artery to stop bleeding

23. Exhaustion treated b y giving aline drink .

24 D istressed breathing as in internal h a emorrhage

25. Fracture with wound from skin to bone.

28. One turn for atomic particle

29. Recess in bay window.

30. Sun as seen in rissoles

31. Class of foodstuffs needing careful control b y diabetic patient.

DOWN

1. Complication of diabetes in which breath mells of new-mown hay.

2. Breathe rapidly to correct oxygen debt after exerci e .

3. Urged to violent action by throwing tin dice.

4. Bird to pass food from mouth to stomach.

5. After wind for trachea

6. Commotion to avoid in first aid

7. Checking suitability of blood for transfusion with that of recipient.

8. Cause of pain and infection , often in great toes

14. Food prepared for swallowing.

15. Hot tempered and easily inflamed.

19 . Bone articulating with clavicle and humerus .

20. Stop bleeding from canthus

21. Fever characterised by inflammation and ulceration of the intestines.

22. Conducted along dendron to nerve cell, then from cell to axon

26. Larva for food?

42

27. Opening between vocal cords seen in grimace.

AMBULANCE R ESULTS

Team Bath City Police, Somerset

Bowburn and District , Durham Southampton City Police, Hampshire

Bolsover Colliery Derbyshire

Grimethorpe Colliery, W R. Yorkshire Southwick, Sussex

Nationa l Dock Labour Board , London

Cardiff City Police, Cardiff

Norwich No 2 Lads' Club , orfolk

Oswestry , Shropshire

Liverpool Exchange Lancashire

NURSING RESULTS

Team

Palmers Green , London

Thore by Colliery , o ttinghanlsh ire

Sittingbourne, Kent J

Sherwell , Plymouth , S .W . Devon and E. Cornwall C

Scarborough W.R. Yorkshire G

Netherton ursing , Worcestershire A

Banbury , Oxford D

Radcliffe , Lancashire K

Sharrow, W.R. Yorkshire F

Bargoed Wales I

St. Augustines , Suffolk E

Water s ide orthem Ireland H

AMBULANCE CADET RESULTS T eam

Bear park Durham

Sp a ldi.n g Lincoln

Griffithstown Wale orwich Lad Club , Torfolk

Redruth Cornwall

Shrewsbury , Shrop hire

Grays London

Leyland , Lanca hire

Branksome Heath Dor et

Dartford , Kent

Keighley W.R . Yorkshire

Market Harborougb , Leicestershire

Canterbury Kent

Sleekburn , N orthu mberland

Dewsbury , W.R. Yorkshire

Chelmsford , Essex

Dudley, Worcestershire

LauDcestol1 , Cornwall

Weymouth , Dorset

Southgate, London

Leyland, Lancashire

New First-aid and transit dressing for Burns

, even unskilled helpers can apply it in seconds

The Roehampton burns dressing, made from Pritex polyurethane foam, reduces risk to the patient during the critical pre-hospi t al period. It also provides a logical preliminary to the modern exposure treatment.

It is so simple and effective to apply that even unskilled helpers can attend t o a casualty - qui ckly and safely

It can be applied in seconds without causing unnecessary pain and with a nlinimal risk of adherence. It provides good protection against trauma and reduces the risk of infection. Th is Roehamp t on dressing can be removed in seconds. It wi ll often save the patient having to be g iven large doses of drugs, or even a general anaesthetic. In the event of multiple casualties, such as might be caused by large scale explosions or fires, the Roehampton burns dressing has many advantages. D It makes a light compact package that is easy to transp ort. 0 No special care is needed to keep it in perfect condit ion 0 It remains sterile until the package is broken open D In all circumstances, it gives the patrent the best possible means of protection from further damage while on the way to hospital.:

Reference : A J. Evans (1957) Brit. Med. J. , 1 , 547. J. Kohn (1963) J. Roy AI my M ed. Cps., 1 09/ 4,1

CAMERA TALKS LIMITED

AND DISTRIBUTORS 31 NORTH ROW LONDON Wl HYDE PARK 2761

The following 35mm colour filmstrips with teaching notes are now available sale and return on the following subjects:

- ADVANCED FIRST AID SERIES

- MATERNITY AND CHILD HEALTH SERIES

- TRAINING FOR INDEPENDENCE

- CARE FOR THE AGED

- OBSTETRIC AND CROSS INFECTION SERIES

Please indicate those filmstrips you wish to see and return the list to us,

May I see the Min olt a Mini 35mm Filmstrip and Slide Projector weighing only 3 Ibs a lso available from you?

THE CRYSTAL PALACE FOOTBALL CLUB

w ould like to take this opportunity of thankin8 the St. John Ambulance Bri8ade Jor all their help and assistance in dealin8 w ith casualties every Jootball season

NAME

ADDRESS

TEACHING

FIRST AID?

Your essential background knowledge and vital training aid is

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THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL WRITTEN BY SPECIALISTS FOR THE INSPIRED INSTRUCTOR

DATE

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H o n g K o n g P a dh a r a nd P a l wa l (Indi a) and Al ge rI a.

If yo u a r e goi n g t o h ave a n over eas h o lid ay it m ay be th at yo u w ill n o t be v isi tin g o ur a r ea o f n ee d A gift to th e p oo

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Enquiries for alternative fencing specifications given careful attention

CATALOGUES AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

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BRASTED, WESTERHAM, KENT Bras,ted 626 (PBX) WE

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SPECIALIST-BUILT AMBULANCE BODIES

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CAMERA TALKS LIMITED

The following 3Smm colour filmstrips with teaching notes are now available sale and return on the following subjects:

- MATERNITY AND CHILD HEALTH SERIES

- TRAINING FOR INDEPENDENCE

- CARE FOR THE AGED

- OBSTETRIC AND CROSS INFECTION SERIES NAME ADDRESS

Please indicate those filmstrips you wish to see and return the list to us

May I see the Minolta Mini 3Smm Filmstrip and Slide Projector weighing only 3 Ibs also available from you?

PLANNED

LIFE ASSURANCE

'Everyman' Endowment Assurances: Life Assurance for every man with optional Family supplement

Whole Life Assurances-with Guaranteed Options: Permanent protect on at low cost with optional Endowment

Mortgage Protection Policies: To ensure repayment o,f a Building Society Mortgage

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The Home Assured: House Purchase out of income

Provident Pol icies : Pens ions for the " SelfEmployed "

Concerning Pensions: For Em ployers of sm all o r large staffs

Plea se send for the appropriat e Prospectus

PROVID ENT LIFE

TELEPHONES: WATFORD 27548 & 27842

TELEGRAMS : HOLSWIFT , WATFORD

DATE

WINFORD ORTHOPAEDIC HOS PI TAL Near Bristol ( 230 beds)

A Career fo r you at 17

If y ou a r e nte r es ted in c o mmencing y o ur Nu rse T raini ng at 17 years of age and have a G C E " O

L eve l p as s in Eng ish L ang u age and one other ac ade m c su bje ct , or a r e pre p ared to si t an in t ell ig e n ce t est at t he hospit a you can ap pl y f o r tw o yea rs ' tra i ning for th e Ort hop ae d ic Nu rs in g C ert ifi · cate. Afterthis you can pro cee d to a hospital of y our choice for General Nu r s e Training , and thus ob t ain two nursing qualifications.

The hosp tal is s eve n miles from t he ce nt re of Bristol , standi n g on a r idg e of g e ntl y sloping g r ou n d , with a qistant view of the Chew Vall ey Lak e a nd th e Mendip Hills It has a well-equipp ed Nu rs es' Training School, and it main a i ns its own bus ser v i ce for staff to and from the centre of Bristol.

Schools commence in D ec e mb e r April and August each year. Brochures and a ppli c ation forms can be obtained from the Matron 3

CHARTERED PATENT AGENTS

BRITISH AND FOREIGN

PATENTS DESIGNS

TRADE MARKS

*Are you

14 Woodlands Parade High Street Watford Herts. a member?

In the interests of Road Safety the INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED MOTORISTS exists to p r ovide an opportunity fo r you to find out if yo u r driving standards are as high as the y ought to be . For deta ls of Membership and the Advanced Driving Test fill in the coupon below . To th e Secreta ry I nstitute of Advanced Motorists , Empi r e House , Ch i s w ick , London W.4 (CH I 4403)

Name

Add re s s _ (Block letters please)

Tuition in mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose resuscitation can now be p ractised with compl ete hygienic protection for patient and pupil by using the CHESHIRE WILSON.

RESUSCITATION TRAINER

It is ideally easy to us e and its si mple m echanism c annot g o

With

Kit

ALCOHOLS LTD.

ADAM, ROUILLV & CO. L TO.

Shropshire

(for

Modelling clay + one hour preparation = one,treatment + one "injury" useless for further tuition.

"Plastifol" Wound Replica + one minute preparation = 60 treatments + one "injury" still undamaged.

The answer, therefore, is - use

"PLASTIFOL"

PLASTIC WOUND REPLICAS

for all your First Aid training and give every pupil the same opportunity of , practical experience with the treatment of injuries.

Send 1/- in stamps for full details in a 16-page booklet in colour.

BROWNING: S LTD., Dept. J, 69 Aberdeen Street, Hull, Yorkshire 6

Southampton Football Club

wish to give their thanks to the St. John Ambulance Brigade for their help duri.ng the football season

CAMBRIAN CHEMICALS LTD.

GASES - Complete range in stock including Isotopic and hydrocarbon gases. OXYGEN in lightweight disposable cylinders.

AMINO ACIDS J Pharmaceutical qual ity NUCLEOTIDES

ALCONOX - Unique Hospital detergent

LITHIUM TETRABORATE for X-Ray emission analysis

Many other research, pharmaceutical chemicals including IODODEOXYURIDINE enquiries to-

MACKS ROAD, BERMONDSEY, S.E.16

SPRINGFIELD

HOSPITAL,

Beechcroft Road, Upper Tooting, London, S.W.17

Springfield Hospital possesses a small number of vacancies on the Women's Wards for WARD SISTERS, CHARGE NURSES, STAFF NURSES, STUDENT NURSES & NURSING ASSISTANTS , men or women, possessing a good educational background and suitable personality for Psychiatric Nursing The Hospital is situated within easy reach of Central London and stands in its own extensive parkland.

All full-time staff work a 42 hour week over a period of six days, alternative morning and afternoon periods off duty. Resident or non-resident. A modern, well-equipped Nurses' Home with up-todate social and domestic amenities is provided for residents.

A brochure giving fuller details available on application to the Matron or Chief Male Nurse.

NEW PUSH OR (JAR (JHAIRS Model

108

Please write for literature detailing the finest value in invalid furniture.

270 BROAD STREET, BIRMINGHAM Telephone: MIDland 5514

Club, Eastville Stadium, Bristol 5 th ree days prior to you r visit. The facilities include:-

You'll enjoy the specialised training-in ward nursing, in advanced life-saving techniques and with Forward Medical Aid Units And you'll know that, as a member of the National Hospital Service Reserve, your skill could be used to full advantage in the event of a national disaster. The Brigade is pledged to support the Reserve, of which H.M. The Queen is Head. By joining now you would be fully prepared, ready to give vital aid where and when it is needed most.

CADET RALL Y

" As Commandant-in-Chief of the St. John Ca dets , I am so gl a d to see so m any of you from Buckinghamshire and the surrounding countie s here tod a y a nd it gave me great pleasure to have personally enrolled a bout 60 ca det s. It was mo s t kind of the Lord Bishop of Buckingham to have assisted me in thi s.

The 60 cadets to whom I have presented Grand Prior Ba dge s, and those who are already proud possessors of that Badge , have worked with determin a tion for three years to gain Certificates in 12 different Proficiency Subjects . They h av e set a splendid exa mple to every one . We all have to try to a cquir e skill s, and the gre a t thing is that first we have to learn to do simple thing s easily so then w e ca n do difficult things well

One of the most important things which you le a rn as St. John ca det s i s to be self -controlled a nd sensible. This means that you never p anic in a sudden emerg ency . Until this lesson is learned , you can ne ver m a ke full u se of the p ra ctica l skill s wh ich you are taught. Ambulance Cadet Peter Thomp son , who h as just been pre sented with the Meritorious Service Certificate , sho wed ho w hi s a bility to keep hi s head a nd remember his training enabled him to give v aluable help to the ser iou sly injured.

You all know our motto: " For the Faith and for the Service of Mankind " . Not all of you may be called upon to f a ce a tra gic di sa ster , but there a re le ss dramatic opportunities for you to live up to your motto eve ry d ay.

" For the Faith" means that you must try to fulfil the high ide als which in spired the Knights of St. John through the centuries. " For the Service of Mankind " means that like them, you must show these ideals in a practical way, by helping other people and by taking the trouble to learn the best w a y of doing this.

This year is the Brigade's recruiting year , and everyone of you h a s a ch ance of really accomplishing something specially worthwhile for this year. I sug gest that you each tell at least one friend all about the Brigade and encourage them to join and work with you in your Division. This would be really useful work and I hope that when you are fully trained in your Cadet Division and reach your 16th birthday , you will continue your service in the adult Divisions.

To all St. John cadets I send good wishes . May God bless you in all you do. "

12

, we re en r o ll ed b) H .R.H The Prin ce s Margaret as members of th e C 23 (Ea t London)

I de n t ical twins

and both inte nd to become nurses. Su z ann wants t o join t h e Queen A l exandra Nursing Se r vice. Not to b e o u tdone, yo u nger s ister Nicola h as just joined the same d iv ision.

John \ JVarbuno(1 (Mor e pi ctur es on p ages 17 & 26) 13

Joho W arb urton

Ambulance Cadet Rani ll der alld orinda Mehtab

Ambulance Cadet Di vi ion at th e R ye, Hi g h Wycombe.

We tem Mail Echo Pri ory for Wales Annual Festival held in the Castle grounds at St. David's.

PRIORY FOR WALES FESTIVAL

Present activities and past glories of the Order were blended in the Festival organised by the Priory for Wales in the small Cathedral City of St. David's, . Pembrokeshire, on Sunday, May 8.

For the fir st time the Priory Standard flew from the tower of the Cathedral and St. John members from Pembrokeshire and neighbouring counties attended the first ceremonial occasion held in the cQunty which contained completely the only medieval Commandery of the Order in Wales at Slebech.

Referring to the important place the Slebech Commandery had played in the social and religious life in the locality until the properties of the Order were taken over by the Crown in 1940, Lord Aberdare said a commemorative service was held each year in the ruins of the ancient Slebech Church. He recounted the progress made in Wales following the revival of the Grand Priory of the Order in 1831 which had led to the creation of the Priory for Wales in 1918. It was customary 14

to hold an annual Festival in Cardiff in June but ceremonial functions were now being arranged also in North Wales and West Wales with a view to emphasising the national character of the Priory.

The Principal Secretary in his address referred to the Appeal which had been laun ched for £100,000 in aid of the Brigade in Wale . To the pre sent , half of this target had been collected or promised, mostly in South Wales from indu stry, local government and social activities.

It is a heartening experience for counties to combine for review from time to time and the parade of Brigade members from all the West Wales co"unties pre sented a memorable picture as they proceeded down the hill leadin g to the Cathedral, where the Chief Commissioner for Wales (H. G. Lewis, Esq., K.St.J., J.P ., D.L.) , accompanied by the Lord Lieutenant and. the Chairman of Pembrokeshire County Council who took the salute.

ORDER OF ST. JOHN INVESTITURE

Miss Margar e t H o lloway, Matron of th e St. John Ophth almic Hospital J e ru salem, J o rdnn has b een promot ed to Offic e r Sist e r and receive d h e r In sigllig from Lord Wak e hurst at an I nvestitu re h eld in Jul y John W a rburt o n 15

John Warburton

Mr. L. D. Wilkinson, D.S.C. , Assistant Dir ec tor Gen e ral, St. J ohn Ambulance Associa ti on, r eceives his Insi gn ia as Commander (Brother) from the Lord Prior.

J ohn Warburton

Major Warlow Harry re ceived his Ins ignia as Officer Br other from Lord Wakehurst, the Lord Prior. Major Warlow H arry is D eputy County Dir ector of the St. John Ambulance Association for Warwickshire.

Forty-one m e mb e rs of th e H e r e ford Nursing

C ad et Di v is ion attended th e an nual in spection in Jul y Pi c tur e shows th e insp ect in g officer, Mrs. A. Grov es, C.S.O.Cade ts(N), She is a cco mpani e d by Di v. Supt. Mrs. M. Statham. Mr. H. J. H arri s, M .B .E., KniRht of the Ord e r of t. J o hn , e nr o ll ed 11 n ew cadets an.d th e se rv ice was conducted by th e R ev. Hu gh Marshall, V icar of Tupsley. Mrs. G rov es praise d th e work of th e cade ts and paid a s p eci al tri bu t e to th e effo rt s of t h ei r Di v isional Supe rint e nd e nt.

He r efo r d Tim e

Pi ctu re s h ows th e Commissione r- tn -Chiefs Pe

rd

for th e f ir s t tim e at th e Cade t Rall y.

Pa t ricia O ' Rourk e won the Jam es Walker Cup w hi ch is usually award ed annually to a Nursing Cadet in the Pet e rb'orough Corps , Nort hampt on, who p erforms th e most hours of vo luntar y service, but this yea r th e pr ese ntation was mad e to P atricia, a member of Medehamsted Nursing Cadet Di vision who, a lth ough she h e rs elf was a patient for six weeks w ith h er arm in plaster, Patri cia did everyt h ing s h e cou ld for a fellow patient, a young mother who had l ost both h e r arm s in a railwa y accident. Wh e n Patricia r eturned home her own mother b ec am e ill so she had to nurse h e r and run the house. As if this wasn't enough, her grand m other also became ill so th at sh e had to travel to a different p art of th e city to ca r e for h e r too. To quote fro/17 the l et t e r s h e r ece ive d from the Corps: " This unselfish ser v ice on th e pa r t of a 14- yea r-old girl is a splendid ex ampl e of the se r vice memb e rs of the BriRad e see k t o render and fully deserving of the recognition it received. " Mrs. M. Allanby , Co rp s Sup e rzntendent (N) made th e pr esentation. Patric ia is t hir d from the l ef t. P et erb o rou

Supe rint e nde nt Aud rey Lawson of the G.E.C. (Coventry) N.Ll:rsing from Lad y Br ec knock t wo awards at the R egional. Comp e tltzons In Sohhull, Warwi cks hir e. R e ading rig ht to l e ft , are also Nurszng M e mber MISS J anet Ru d?and, N 1M Mrs. P atricia Pr a tl ey, N 1M Miss Gillian Clqrk e ( R eserve), and 1M M,ISS Winifr e d Tomkins. This te am ha ve had an exceptlOl'!aJl y successful thiS year, winning again th e Cov e ntr y C e ntral Co rp s. Competitions, Warwlckshzr e County Co mp e titi ons and ca me 3rd in the R eg iona,z. In the .zatt e r they won the J ohn Orton M e morial Shi e ld and H e le n C o rse r Cup with th e hi g h est aggregate marks for H ome ur sing. S e at ed ( riRht) Brigadie r B. A. G. Jon e s, Commissioner for Warwickshi r e.

J ohn Warburton

rsona l Standa

which was used

THE LORD PRIOR IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA

Lord Wakehurst was shown Ambulance equipment by the Commissioner and the District Staff Officer, R. W. Mitchell.

The Lord Prior and Lad y Wakehurst with D. J. Pedlar, Comm issioner, St. John Ambulance Brigade, South Australia, photo gra ph ed outside the St. John H eadquart ers at Kapunda , a small town about five miles from Adelaide, during their recent visit.

The Lord Prior met Off ice rs and N.C.O.s of the Port Adelaide Ambulance Di vision. H e is accompanied by the Commissione r, Dr. P edle r (left) and Distri ct Off icer P. G e bert.

D Dar ion Smith

The n. ew Marion St. J o hn Centre was officially opened by Lord Wakehurst. This centre, which cost £25,000, is one of the larg es t of 44 cen tr es planned to be opened throughout Southern Australia.

W.R. YORKSHIRE

PRESENT ITION

On Sunday, June 26, 1966, at a gathering of representatives of the Midland and East Midland Areas of the West Riding of Yorkshire , a presentation of a silver cigarette casket, suitably in scribed and bearing the Emblem of St. John , and a cheque was made to Dr. and Mrs. G. Thompson , Area Commissioner and Area President of the Midland Area, 1954-1966.

The Halifax Corps acted as hosts at their joint and following afternoon tea , the President of the Halifax Corps, Mr. Charles Ramsden, who presided , welcomed the guests to Halifax and spoke of the high regard which people within the Brigade held for both Dr. and Mrs. Thompson. He a sked the new Area Commiss i oner, Mr. A. Buckley Hamer, F.R.C.S. , to make the presen ta tion.

Mr. Hamer, in making the pre sentation, said,

" Dr. Thomp so n bec a me interested in teaching First Aid in 1939 and ha s served in variou s capacities ever since In 1954 he wa s appointed Area Commissioner and in the same year was admitted as a Ser ving Br o ther of the Order, being promoted to Officer in 1956 and Commander in 1962.

"Mrs. Thompson , as Area President, has supported her husband throughout, entertaining many Senior Officers and attending every possible function connected with the Brigade ." Mrs. Thompson wa s then presented with a bouquet by a cadet of the Halifax Corp s.

After the ceremony, Dr. Th o mp son a sked the Midland Area Staff to accept a Silver Cup a s a trophy to replace one of those l os t to the Midland Area when the Areas were sub-divided in 1965, and wi shed that it be competed for by the cadet .

E ight m e

n o f th e m ar e s ee n in th e pi c tur e, th e y ar e from th e l e ft : G H e ard, G Th ew , W. M a n e, H Bard e n , H. E T ay l o r, F. Sh e ffi eld and I Snadd o n. The eighth , Mr. G. Murphy , could not be pr ese nt.

H aw k e's B ay H e rald-Tribune

M iss Va l eri e D a n e , w ho is a

Please send me tickets as ndicated below:

PREMIERE

"THIS PROPERTY IS CONDEMNED" Cert. X GALA

Sponsored by THE VARIETY CLUB OF GREAT BRITAIN in aid of THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN OPHTHALMIC HOSPITAL, JERUSALEM and THE LORD'S TAVERNERS

PLAZA THEATRE Piccadilly Circus, London, S.W.1 Thursday, 20 October 1966, 8.30 p.m.

Also included in the Gala Premiere programme:"A MODERN DOCUMENTARY ON THE WORK OF THE OPHTHALMIC HOSPITAL OF ST. JOHN IN JERUSALEM"

gn5 CIRCLE 1 gn. CIRCLE 10/ 6d. STALLS 5 gn5. STALLS 2 gn5. STALLS 1 gn. STALLS 10/ 6d.

I enclose my cheque for £ s (payable to The Variety Club of Great Britain)

I do not require tickets and therefore have pleasure in enclosing herewith my cheque for £ as a donation.

Name

Tickets from :-

Mr. David Jones, The Variety Club of Great Britain. 22 Charing Cross Road, London, W.C.2. Telephone: COVent Garden 3371

Picture shows His Grace The Duk e of B e aufort County Presid ent, Bristo l making a presentation to County Offic er C. Gribbl e who is l eaving Bristol to visit his daught er in. Australia. Mrs. Gribbl e is on the right Th e D e pu ty Commission er for Bristol, Dr. "lJ..ex" Ch eve rton and his w if e are l eaving Bristo l fo r Malta G.c. to li ve in retirement. Th e pres entation was made at a dinner given by th eir friends in the Brigad e

Wishes to the Women's Royal Voluntary Service

The Queen has been pleased, on the recommendation of the Home Secretary, to confer the title Royal on the Women's Voluntary Service. The title of this organisation will now be the Women's Royal Voluntary Service.

Mrs. Susan Pye shows a family crest done in p e tit point during a charity fashion show held at h er home , Oak Hill Manor, near Shepton Mallet, which raised over £300 for the Order of St. John , Somers e t. She is seen with Sylvia Lindley and Teresa Cely Trevilian, who were among the models taking part. Bath & Wilts. Chronicle

H ero of bla z in g ca r resc u e, Mr. F ran k Upton, who ha bee n a m emb er of th e Brigade fo r 25 yea rs , was one of thr ee rescue rs w h o with comp lete disr ega rd for th e ir own safety, dra gged p eo pl e out of a bla z in fJ ca r w hi ch had ove rturn ed aft er a co lli sion at Littl ew lck Green, B e rksh ir e. In his l e tt er of Comm end ation th e Commission er- In -Chief stat ed: " 1 send you this l e tt er of Cmnmendat ion t o reco rd you r courage and p re se n ce of mind whic h was not o nly a c red it t o you rse l f but also all ex ampl e to the St. Jo hn Ambl1lance Br!gade. Both th e action. y ou took and you r rapI d rende nnR of First Aid are in the b est traditions of the St. J o hn Ambulance Brigade " Mr. Upton is a transport Offic er of the Maidston e Amb ulan ce Di visio n. Norman Grcville 23

Maj o r T. W.

of E.S. & N. De v on Mr. C. P.

ce, Sir Arthur B e nson and the Lord Lieut e nant , L o rd R oboro ugh attend ed the annual County St. J o hn Day se rvice at Torquay held at Hol y Tr ir:ity Church this year Th e festIval coincided wi th the 60th annive rsary o f the formation of th e lo cal Ambulance D ivisio n. Herald & Express, Torquay

Commissioner

Gracey

Pran

The Lord Aberdare, Pri or of the Pr iory of Wales, pr es entil1R a P riory Vot e of Thanks to Miss Rosamond Rhael Richards, Fishguard Nursing D ivision , at the

The Lyke Wake Walk

Ten members of the Dringhouses Divi sion of the West Riding, organised by Mrs. Roberts, Divisional Superintendent, and led by Mr. Roberts, Vice-President , set out to do the 40 mile Lyke Wake Walk which they completed in under 21 hours

All members have now been admitted to the Lyke Walk Club.

The Lyke Walk goes back to the Bronze Age inhabitants of York shire who buried their dead on the high part of the moors. In the early 17th Century a dialect verse commemorating the se grave mounds was composed and called The Cleveland Lyke Wake Dirge. The word "Wake" means watching over a corpse, and "Lyke" is the word for corpse itself.

St. John Ambulan ce Di v isions ( Ambulan ce and Nursing) from W o r ce st e r, B edwardin e and th e Powick Nursing Division , und e r th e l ead e rship of Count y Slaff Officer Miss J. Colley (he l ped by m e mb ers of th e Casualti es Un ion) , stag ed a dramatic road accid ent du rin g the Worcest e r Show

St. Da v id's In v estiture.

The Lyke Wake Wa lk. Mr. and Mrs. Rob ert s, and party.

St. John Members from Overseas we re presented to Her Royal Highness Th e Prin cess Margar e t by the Commissioner-in-Chief at the Cadet Rally. They are from left to right : Cad e t Da v id Treharne from Australia; Mr. M. M. Rajput an Ambulance Member from K e nya ; Mr. L. I. Tranquille, Div isional Superintendent from Mauritius; MI'. H. D. Odaba , Corps Sup e rint end e nt from Kenya; Mr. E. Tortell, Corps Superintendent from Malta G.C.; Mr. K. C. Ra y mond , Area Superintendent from Trinidad and Tobago and Mr. K. C. Pil e, District Staff Offic e Grade II from Barbados.

John W a rburton

H e adquart e rs' Brig ad e Pr es Liaison Offi ce r, Mr. William Hick.s , cou ld not forget h e was a First Aider first and a Pr ess man sec ond-he immediately rush ed into action when one of the Ambu.lance Cadets on Parad e co llaps ed John Warburton

Lad y Starm e r and h e r brother photographed in 1915 when she was just s tartin g as a V.A.D. at Hi g hbury Hospital , Birmin g ham. H e r brothel', th e lat e Lieu t e nant A. G. Wilink , had juS! been co mmi s io n ed in the B o rd e r R eg im e nt A Lad y Starmer sa id in h e r acco mpan yi n g l e tt e r; "we were both ve l' proud of o llr uniforms." She is /I owa Co mmand er (S ist e r) of th e Ord e r of St. John

A ContinR e nt of Nu.rsing m e mbers at th e R oyal R ev iew h e ld in Windsor Great P ar k. in Jun e, 1912.

The Ha sland Ambu lanc e Di v isi on 1909. This Dh ision was formed in 1904 an.d is now known as the Hasland and Grassmoor Colliery Ambulanc e Division, D e rbyshire.

CARNIV.AL TIME

M emb e rs of Bognar Regis Nursing Cade t Division, Sussex, on th e ir f l oat whic h was e nt e re d in the Local Ca rni va l. Th e th e me was "Towa rd s 2000- Briga d e of the Fu tur e." Althoug h the float did not win a prize th e Division was very proud of the Nu rsing Cad ets, und er the dir ec tion of Cadet Leader Anf,?ela Sopp who o rganis ed alld staged th e entry.

Jam es Cleave ll

OYAL SHOW 1966

The St. John Exhibition again attracted muc-p interest among visitors to the Show, particularly, of course, on Friday, July 8, Schoolchildren's Day. On Tuesday, 5th, our Grand Prior, H.R.H. The Duke of Gloucester , visited the Exhibition and expressed great appreciation of all he saw. Our main themes and activities were:

1. Brigade Recruiting Year.

2. Seaside scene depicting accidents on holiday.

3. Treatment of casualties by Brigade members, including transport by ambulance, right and wrong methods of bed-making, and the Kis s of Life.

4 A wheelchair service for the handicapped and crippled.

Keen interest was shown in Brigade Recruiting, and enquirers were given the name and address of the appropriate Brigade County Secretary.

Next to the main tent a Brigade Bookstall was run by the Coventry Divisions, with the normal books and pamphlets and some attractive Brigade Nursing dolls on sale.

28

The outstanding success this year was the wheelchair service . Cyl Reboring (Coventry) Ltd. kindly loaned the chairs and volunteer pushers were forthcoming from various sources. In some case cripples were brought to the Show in St. John Ambulances, where they were met by a Brigade member with a cadet to help and run errands.

A total of 64 cripples were taken round the Showground. Their appreciation and gra titude have made it essential to repeat the serv ice next year.

Catering was again provided for Brigade and Red Cross member s manning the first aid posts , and 719 main meals were served, as well as teas and so on.

The Exhibition was organised as before by the Warwickshire Association's Rugby Centre, assisted by Association, Brigade and other helpers, in whom Mr. A. J. Burton, Centre Secretary, was able to inspire tremendous enthusiasm and hard work. To all these Exhibition helpers and caterers, some of whom spent the entire week on the Showground, the sincere thanks of all connected with St. John are due.

When anything goes on in Thrapston (Northants.) St. John Cadets are ahvays r e ad) to take part so it was only t o be ex p ec t ed that when th e town ' s feast was r ev iv e d af t el: a laps e of a century th ey ha d an. e ntry in. th e carniva l parade This tableau , re pr ese ntmg a hospital scene and pr es e nt e d by both boys and girls, was award ed first prize in. its class.

Cyri E D iamond

29

THE NAVY OF THE I{NIGHTS

An account of the Order of St. John through five centuries of fluctuating fortunes at sea by

Surgeon Commander J. R. Lawrance-Owen, .M.B.E., Royal

Navy

During the nineteen years when the Knights of four hundred vessels he successfully gained a St. John were resident in Cyprus, after their foothold in Rhodes; in the following year the expulsion from Palestine in 1291, the Navy of the Grand Master gave in, and the Order were allowed Order was founded and an Admiral appointed; twelve days in which to leave the island. For the the object was to shield Christian pilgrims from next seven years many stayed in Crete until, in the corsairs or pirates, who acted on their own 1530, Emperor King Charles V of Spain presented behalf, and from the Moslem empire which was the island of Malta to the Knights "in order that led by the Turks. they may perform in peace the duties of their

At this period the principal vessel was the galley, Religion for the benefit of the Christian compropelled by oars in layers of up to five or more: munity, and employ their forces and arms against the trireme, with three such layers of oarsmen, the perfidious enemies of the Holy Faith." would carry about 200 men, and two or more All that was required in return was the annual masts and sails: a large galley with three masts presentation of a falcon to the Viceroy of Sicily, and fifteen or more oars each side was called a and a guarantee that they would never make war gallea. The galliot was a smaller version. The upon his kingdom. The aged Grand Master Villiers method of attack was to ram the enemy, board de L'Isle Adam was, however, hesitant; for with the vessel and fight it out. the gift of the Maltese island went that of the

Subsequently the sa iling vessel replaced the Seaport of Tripoli in North Africa-a Christian galley on account of the greater distances achieved. outpost in the middle of hostile Moslem states on

By the year 1310 the Knights were settled in the notorious Barbary Coa t: but the Order was Rhodes , and it was here that for two centuries desperate for a new home, and de L ' Isle Adam had naval warfare was waged with the Ottoman Sultan, for more than seven years made the round of the preventing the seaward advance of the Ottoman European courts asking for assis tance- Minorca, Empire. The most notable actions were the defence Ibiza, and innumerable islands and ports. of Smyrna (1358), the attack on Alexandria (1365) There was, indeed, no option. Strategically the and two defensive actions against Egypt (1440, island was well placed , particularly in the era of 1444). However, after the Turks captured Con- sai ling ships and ga lley s, and the natural harbour stantinople in 1453, Rhodes became more vulner- was outstanding; from the early days, when the able, and in 1480 Mahommed II landed a force on Order had been hospitallers first and soldiers the island and laid a two month s' siege, under second, they had become sailors first and hospitalMasih Pa sha , which was eventually repulsed. lers second. In Rhodes, leaning like a spear against The commanding situation of the island of the side of Turkey, they had become the finest Rhodes at the outlet of the Archipelago enabled fighting seamen the Mediterranean had ever the Navy to carry out numerous sorties there and known; unable to pursue their war against the along the Asiatic coast; finally, in June 1522, enemy by land, they had turned themselves into Suleiman the Magnificent decided to end the Christian corsairs. attacks on the Turkish communications with The Reformation was in progress in Europe at Egypt, and with immense forces of some three or this peri od, and Malta was a place of refuge; the 30

Order's fleet grew in strength, and their attacks a aainst the Turkish enemy increased in the prot:ction of Christian shipping.

The Emperor Charles, assisted by the Knights, attacked Coletta and Tunis, capturing the last named from the Turks in 1534 ; in 1541 Jean Parisot de la Vallette (who became Grand Ma ster in 1557) was badly wounded in against corsair Ahd-ur-Rahman Kust All, and lost hIS ship, the galley San Giovanni; for a year de l a Vallette survived in the terrible world of a galley slave, and only an exchange of prisoners between the Order and the Corsairs of the Barbary Coast sec ured his release.

The last post that de la Vallette held prior to his Grand Magistracy was General of the Fleet, equivalent to the Commander-in-Chief afloat of recent years; this was the fir t time that the office of General of the Galleys had ever gone to anyone of non-Italian birth, de la Vallette being descended from a noble and ancient Provencal family from the first hereditary Courts of Toulouse.

HARRYING THE TURKS

In 1551 Tripoli was surrendered. to the corsair Dragut, but this was a solitary reverse. rn a period when the galleys of the Order.' far and wide from Malta, created such dlsorgamsation in the shipping lane of the Ottoman Empire, that the Sultan was eventuall y provoked to attack the island.

The raids on enemy shipping were carried out by the fa t, heavily armed galleys, with trained gunners; they swept in, to the rhythmic swish of the great oar, holding their fire until alongside the enemy. Then, under the artIllery s di charge, the Knight and men-at-arms boarded the enemy and engaged them with cold steel.

From one raid La Vallette returned in tow behind hi galley "three merchant ships whose cargo wa worth a prince's ransom, 250 pri?oners (de tined if unr ansomed for slave labour III the aalley or on the fortification of Malta), not to numerous pieces of artillery. '

The typical Mediterranean galley of t?e period followed similar lines to those of earlier years, being direct descendants of the clas ical Greek and Roman vessel . They were long and narrow, with little freeboard and a shallow draught; the largest might reach 180 feet, though the graceful rake of the tern and stern meant nearer 125 feet between perpendiculars. The beam was about 19 feet and the depth 71 feet.

The outstanding characteristic of the galley wa mobility, and it was thi factor which kept uch an unseaworthy vessel in u se for so long a period; the top speed was 41 knots, though the average was nearer 2 knots.

The captain was a Knight of the Order with his professional sailing master, and the second officer 31

also a Knight: 280 galley siaves were disposed on 26 rowing benches , and a similar number of professional fighting men were also carried on board The main cannon was placed in the b ows, and fired a 48-pound ball; four other smaller guns and fourteen light weapons, which fired stones and metal, completed the armament.

If the wind blew from anywhere abaft the beam, the galley could set two lateen sails on her short masts; but mostly she was driven by the slaves at their oars

These unfortunates were chained six to a bench, which were four feet wide, covered with sacking stuffed with wool, over which were laid sheepskins. The officer in charge of the galley slaves stayed aft with the captain from whom he received his orders. Two under officers stood, one amidships and one at the prow , armed with whips to the naked bodies of the slaves. When the captarn gave the order to row, the officer gave the signal with a silver whistle which hung on a cord round his neck; the signal was repeated by the under officers, and very soon all 50 oars struck the water as one. Sometimes the slaves rowed 10, 12 or even 20 hours at a stretch, without the slightest rest or break.

This was the existence that La Vallette had once endured, and the death-in-life which every defender of Malta knew that he might expect if he were captured by the Turks.

One of the largest vessels of the period was the Great Carrack of Rhodes, which subsequently ended its days in Malta. J . Taafe writes: " It riyalled with our life-boats in thi , that however pIerced with multitudinous holes , no water could sink it. When the plague was at Nice, and the mortality so frightfully huge that the stench of the corrupted air made the birds of the sky drop down dead , not a man was ever sick aboard it, which is chiefly attributed to the great quantity of fires kept b y the workmen to supply the requi ite screws, nail , and other irons (It) had eight deck or floors, and such space for warehouses and tores, that it could keep at sea for six m onths without once havin a occasion to touch land for any sort of provi ions, not even water; for it had a man trou upply for all that time of water, the fre hest and rna t limpid; nor did the crew eat bi cuit, but e cellent white bread baked every day, the corn being ground by a multitude of handmill , and an oven a capacious, that it baked two thou and lar ae loaves at a time. That hip wa heathed with six several heathing of metal, two of which underwater , were lead with bronze rew (which do not can ume the lead like iron crew) , and with uch can ummate art was it built, that it co uld never sink, no human power could submerge it.

"Magnificent rooms, an armoury for 500 men; but of the quantity of cannon of every kind no

(Continued on page 39)

ST. JOHN AND RED CROSS HOSPITAL WELFARE SERVICE

An Appreciation by W.O.II

William Stewart, S.R.N., R.M.N., R.A.M.C.

We of the Medic al Services owe a great debt to the ladies of the St. John and Red Cross Hospital Welfare Service to whom I would like to pay tribute.

Many of us, before joining the Services, were very ignorant of what these ladies did and what the money, which we dropped into the collecting tins, was used for. I am in no way attempting to give a detailed account of what does happen to the money, that is outside my province; what I do want to do is to record an appreciation of how they have been of such great assistance to me since I joined the R.A.M.C.

During the first half of my service I did not work in very close contact with the ladies of the Welfare Service, but, being a nurse, I was always grateful when they visited the wards, especially during the troubled years in Nicosia. They were often able to do that little bit extra which we as nurses just did not have time for.

Later, when I specialised in psychiatric nursing and went to Netley, I saw yet another facet of the wo rk of these ladies . When one thinks of "occupational therapy " and "diversional therapy" one immediately thinks of basketwork; but at Netley I realised that this was only one of the many h obbie s and handicraft s which these ladies are taught and are able to teach. There is no need to enumerate the various arts and crafts, but I can think of at least 20 available for the patients to choose from. There, at Netle y, I saw these ladies working in a very positive way toward s the rehabilitation of psychiatric patients. This was comhined with their never tiring welfare services, letters to trips and outings for patients to cinema, theatre and places of interest. One of the se ladie s later took up p sychiatric nur si ng as a career, surely tribute to the close liai son which exists between p sych iatric nurses and the welfare workers.

I was po sted early in 1963 to B .M.H. Dhekelia and was placed in charge of the ps ychiatric ward. It was at this ho spit a l that I came to appreciate the St. John and Red Cross organisation more than ever. Very soon after my arrival the staff put forward the suggestion, to the Command P syc hiatrist' that we might have our own arts and handicraft department actually on the ward , where a full range of occupations could be taught. The 32

Senior Welfare Officer was consulted and she was enthusiastIc. After consultation with the Commanding Officer a nd Matron it was agreed that one of the side wards sho uld be used for this purpose. A small amo unt of cane was available with tools. This was the beginning of the handicraft side. Art classes were organised with the help of the art mistress from the l ocal grammar school. Some of the psychiatric nurses were able to instruct the patients in basketwork and other h obb ies.

Small beginnings have a tendency to grow , and this combined was no exception. Materials cost money and although some money was available from the C.O.'s fund, this was limited . More money was needed and we wondered where it would come from: like the proverbial manna it came, not from heaven, but from the headquarter of the St. John a nd Red Cross Welfare Dep a rtment, in the form of an ann u al grant for handicraft materials, administered by the London Headquarters The finished product were old or distributed around the hospital; the money reali ed went back into the department.

For the nex t two years there wa s very cl ose cooperation between the St. John and Red Cro department ladies and the staff of the psychiatric department. Outings were organised to the local cinema, and musical recital and re cord programmes were arranged both on the ward and in their department; bingo ses ion were also popular. On ce again these ladies played a very real part in the treatment of all patient but m o re 0 in the treatment of the psychiatric patient During the inter-communal strife the familiar Red Cross emblem could be seen amongst the devastation, as members took what practical as si tance they could.

My work in Cyprus is over and I look forward to a new appointment and to many years service in the Corps. I realise that my experience s of the past two and a half years may never be repeated, at lea st not as regard s the particular work I was doing. I do know that what I have learned by working with the ladies of the St. John and Red Cross Hospital Welfare Service will be of immense value to me in the future .

R eprinted/rom th e "Army Medi cal Services Magazine".

Letters to the Editor

Dear Sir,

In the May i s ue of the "Review" I read with interest the article by Mr s. Oakley, M.B .E., J.P. Her references to the date and age of a first aid certificate made me look up the one I had of my father's. It is dated 1894, gained at Chelmsford by him as a yo un g policeman of 24 years.

I am orry I cannot produce the first aid book which I know he had

It wa through my father 's interest in fir st aid and St. John that I became a member of the Braintree & Bocking Nur sing Division, having now 28 year' ervice to my credit, and Secretar y ince 1944 . Per on ally, I do not think my father's certificate i the oldest: I am sure there are orne at the Gate with earlier date.

Perhap in orne future is ue of the "Review" you could publish the dates.

Yo ur s sincerely , Doroth y Mary Markin g, Divi ional ecretary, Braintree Nur ing Division.

Dear ir,

With reference to "The Oldest Divi sion in the Briga de ?" in the June "Review," the Lymington Nur ing Division dates from 1902. We have an illuminated document dated August 28, 1952, igned by Lt.-General Lund Commissioner -inChief, recording hi appreciation of the Lymington Nur ing Divi ion 'which ha cared for the ick and ufferin g for a continuou period of 50 years. '

I have rea on to believe that thi Division i even older than thi would indicate a one of our former member , Mis Meriel Alexander, has in her po es ion a programme (printed on satin) of a competition in fir t aid held by the Lymington "Ce ntre" in honour of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee , on Friday, Augu t 6, 1897, and attended by Princes Loui e, Marchione of Lorne, who pre ented Medallion , prizes, etc. Certainly the Association was functioning here then, but whether the Nur ing Division of the Brigade had continuous ervice before 1902 I have not been ab le to verify.

However we have celebrated our Diam ond Jubilee plu s fo ur year and are till doing what we can for the ick and suffering.

Yours faithfully , Kathleen Powell, Divi sional Superintendent.

SEASIDE DRAMA

It was a happy chance that made Cadet Officer S. Jones of the Holbrook and Westthorpe Colliery St. John Ambulance Cadet Division choose to spend the third weekend in July at Skegness with hi s so n and daughter-in-law

Swimming in a cho ppy sea near the Miner s' Holiday Camp on the Sunday, Mr. J ones heard a cry for help from a youth swimming out to retrieve a ball. The tide was turning, and Mr. J ones swa m 100 ya rds and gra ppled with the str uggling casualty who was under water. Swimming with one arm and holding the youth with the other, he mana ged to bring him in to sha ll ow water, where his so n , Paul, da hed in, fully clothed, to assist. Mr. Jones was exhausted by his efforts, and artificial respiration to the yo uth was administered by a young lad y on l ooker.

The youth, J ohn Ha saIl, was taken to hospital, and after treatment was allowed to rej oin his parents , who were spending a week's holiday in Skegness

An ex-professional boxer and life -l ong physical culturi t, Mr. J ones has twice before saved swimmers in difficulties. He is 57 years of age and resides at 22 High Street, Killamarsh.

BOOK REVIEW

"Orthopaedics for Nnrses"-Revised Edition. (Edited b y M. C. Wilkinson and G R. FiskFaber & Faber.)

Like most book writ ten for nurses, too much pace is given to diagnosis and medical and urgical treatment. While it i important for nurses to know why things are done, their work, especially in the orthopaedic and traumatic surgical team, is 0 vital for uccess that much more empha i and pace hould be devoted to pure bedside nur ing.

Thr ou gho ut the illu tration are excellent. H.S .T.-Y.

The ection on nur ing are well -written, clear and conci e and the need for team work and the close t po ible co-operation of all tho e concerned in the treatment of the patient are tre sed throughout.

The book v ould ha e been of greater val ue , h owever, had the ba ic nur ing methods and general care of the patient been given in greater detail , particularly in hapter V, "Ward Management."

This chapter i far too brief and i oncerned olely with the ca re of children, no mention whatoever being made of the nursing of adult patient . It could with advantage have been e panded to cover the e p oint.

This is y our lnaga zine-keep it alive with your news and views.

33

In chapter XVII, ur ing in Spinal Paraplegia' on page 262, the term "donke ' i u ed to de cribe a "knee pillow ' and it seems a pit that a slang term uch a thi sho uld be included in a profe ional manual. L.G.D.-G.

Another happy picture of a day 's outing. This time organised by the drivers and conducto rs of the Salford Corporation Transport Department for 90 handicapped men and women who spent a day at Prestatyn Holiday Camp Throughout the past year the crews have raised over £400 to finance this trip and a similar outinR for 120 blind people. The St. Ambulance Brigade members who accompanied the party were D / a Mrs S. VI alker and Nursing Membe r Mrs. L. Vernon.

Maochester Evcoing News

The Preston Nursing Cadets, under their Division Supt. Elsie Baker, took a party of (7.early 100 handicapped and partially sighted children for a day cruise along the Lancaste r canal. It was appropriate that the highlight of the day should have been ref reshments at the "Jolly Roger."

Laoca ler Eveoiog News

Mrs. R. Balsdon , O.BE., Superintendent (N) for Pl ymou th , S.W. DeVOll and E. COrl/wall retired, after 30 yea rs service , in Jun e this yea r. She was made a Dam e of the Ord er in 1954 in recognition of her sen ices. She was awarded the O.BE. in 1944 for her 11 ork with St. John and th e Civil D efence.

Western Morning cw

Miss Alice Broadb ent, member of the Wakefield Nursing Di vision, was re ce ntly adm Wed as a Serving Sister of the Order of St. John in recogni tion of her wo nderful record of service. The Hou se Committee of the Pinderfields Hospital also expressed their g ratitud e for 5,000 hours of voluntary nursing by presenting h er with an inscribed travelling clock. Although Miss Broadb ent is 73 she still undertakes certain public duties as we ll as continuing to help at Pind e rfi e ld s H ospita l

Mr A. J. Nicholas , C .B. E. , M .I E.E. , Pr esident, Silurian County Area, Monmouthshire, ga v e an. "At Hom e" for all his officers at Ling e Hall , Shropshir e From left to right ar e Mr. G. E. Davi es, Commissioner for Monmouthshir e; Mr. C. J. Parry , Brigade Secr e tary for Wal es; M r. J. H. Wil cox , f o nn e r Commission er for Monmouthshire; Mr. A . J. Nicholas ; and Sir T e re nce Falken er Commission e r for H erefordshir e South Va es Sw itchgea r

SHOPPERS SEE "SAFETY ACCIDENT"

Hundreds of shoppers gathered round and some offered to help amb ul ance men attending to a "casualty" who had been struck by a motor cycle outside Workington Po s t Office one Saturday afternoon- but there had been no accident.

When motor cycli t Mr. Thomas McDonald, a driver at the county ambulance station at Lillyhall, Distington , rode up to Finkle Street, he fully intended to hit a youth cros ing the road

It was all part of a demonstration of what can a nd doe happen when a road accident occurs, and it had been arran ged by a sub-committee of Workington R o ad Safety Committee a a prelude to the Road Safety Week.

Fifteen-year-old Jame Carlton , a St. John Amb ul ance Brigade cadet, wa s cr o sin g the road near the traffic i land when the incident happened "Taken to Hospital"

An ambulance arrived , and after the two "ca ualtie" were carried into it on tretcher s they were taken t o an empty hop which had been taken a a " hospital. "

At the " h o pital " the p a tient were taken charge of by ur in g Divi i on a l O ffice r Je a n Evan s, St. John Ambulance Bri gade, Ser geant Dorothy Prother o and Nur sin g member P a uline Whittam , S.J.A.B . Watchin g over the operati on wa upt. W Richard on , of the Ambulance Brigade.

Mi K . D . Wil on, S .E .N . Nur e H me, City General H o pit a l, heffield , 5. (N o te : Mi Wil on wa D I O Workingt on Ambulance & ur ing Divi io n , Cumberland & We tm orland .)

INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION

CANADA 1967

A major international exhibition is being held in Montreal, Canada, from April 28 to October 27, 1967 , throughout which the Brigade in Canada will provide fir s t aid coverage.

This is the larges t duty ever undertaken by the Brigade in Canada and the Priory would welcome help from any Brigade members who will be in Canada during the period of the ex hibition.

In the exhibiti on one day will be allocated to each of the participating countries and maj or or g anisations on which to stage dem on s trations, parades and appr opriate social function s. These are called "Homage Days ." Friday, September 1, 1967 , will be " St. John Homage Day ."

Brigade officers and members planning a visit to Canada nex t year and who would be glad of the opportunity of taking part with our Can a dian member s in thi s imp ortant internati onal da y plea e write to:

The Controller, Over seas Department, St. John Ambulance Brigade, 9 Grosvenor Crescent , London , S.W . I.

September 1, 1967 , in particular wo uld seem to be a day on which United Kingd om members would like to parti cipate, but it is empha ised that participants at other times w ould be welcome.

WELL DONE, BRIERFIELD

Congrat ulati on to the S J A A Brierfield Centre, Duke of Lanca ter Di strict, for the H ome Safety Week E xhibition which they staged in Augu t and the ex cellent booklet (printed by them elves) giving the time and full detail of the Exhibition and the demon tration and lecture which were arranged in conjunction with the static di plays. The booklet also included relevant tatistic of accidents in the home, both national and local, with a plea to the public to learn fir t aid. To highlight the work of the local Brierfield St. John Ambulance A ociation and Brigade an extremely well-written and intere ting account followed; and finally an appeal to the local people to learn and to help to their utmost.

On e improvement we would suggest to other people adopting this idea is to allocate space for a cut- o ut form which could be comp leted by those interested in taking a course or joining the Br igade , rem embering to ask for the age if under 17 years, 37

the da y and time of Divi ional meetings and any cour ses, film h ow , etc.

The bo oklet ho wed that even a duplica ted effort ca n l oo k attractive and professional. A k your local representative t o advise you; 2,700 copies were di tributed , one to every h ou e in Brierfield. Obviou ly it would be impos ible to d o thi in every County a a " blanket" operation , but perhap by ections of a town , covering the areas of one Centre and Divi ion.

The other important point of thi operation wa the co- operation between the St. John Ambulance A ociation and Brigade . Too often we are inclined to 'go it alone in tead of pooling our resources , both physical and financial.

Many congrat ul ations to St. John in Brierfield. We hope they got the ucce they deserved At least everyone in the town knows a bit more about St. John.

STAFFORD CADETS CAMP IN DORSET

It was a wet and dismal day at Swanage, in Dorset, on July 24, 1966, when a convoy of coaches and cars conveying 150 officers and cadets from the Southern Area of Stafford arrived at Currenden Farm, half-way between Swanaae and Studland Bay. The party was there for the annual camp of the Southern Area of the County. party had arrived the previous Fnday mornrng and supplies of food were well on hand, and a pi ping hot stew was on the fire not cooked well enough for the tmgent to have their meal before they attended church at All Saints Parish Church at Swanage. The hungry contingent marched to the church where a holidaymakers' service had been arranaed for a quarter to eight in the evening and four of the. cadets were asked to play an active part, by taking up the collection from the conaregation. b

The tired cadets were roused next mornina at seven. o'clock, and to many it was their first exper!ence of washing ice :vater! Monday mornrng "Yas taken up wIth explammg the routines and how the tents and equipment should be laId. out for the daily inspection; also details gIVen of the best tent competition-with a of ten shillings for the Ambulance Cadets and ten: shillings for the Nursing Cadets. After lunch the cadets were split into two parties: those who wanted to go swi mming and those who to go on a long walk and nature study. Working Tuesday, opened with instructions on ?ow to pItch a tent and how to recognise the v.anous types of plan.ts herbs in the countrySIde. After lunch, sWImrmng again for those who :vanted, and for the remainder a quiet afternoon m camp.

. was the great day. Up at six o'clock m the mornrng, and by nine o'clock the cadets ?ad eaten breakfast and were eagerly awaitmg the arnval of the coaches to take them to Portsmouth, where they were entertained by the Royal .Navy. They travelled through the New Forest mto Southsea, where they had an enjoyable lunch on the Clarence Pier, and from there they went to the. Royal Naval Dockyard, where the party went !ll a naval around the bay to see thIr.ty-odd warships; not to mentIOn aIrcraft carners, crUIsers, frigates and many other types of vessels.

.Later" the parties were taken aboard "H.M.S. VIctory and shown round by enthu siastic ratings and fr?m there to the museum. They returned early m the evening via the New Forest to 38

Sw a nage, where a skeleton crew had remained and prepared a hot meal.

Thursday morning the cadets were shown how to strike caTI?P, and. how to read maps. In the theIr teaching was put to practical test.

Fnday was shopping day for presents.

Saturday morning was the test for camping and map reading certificates. Out of 60 cadets who took the examinations, only one failed.

On Thur sday, Corps Superintendent Carr of the Poole Corps of the Dorset County of the Brigade attended as the Camp In pectin a Officer and was well plea sed with what he saw. t:J

the night the ergeant and corporal camp were allowed to compete for caD.?PJl1g and map reading certificates. On mghts they left camp at abo ut 9.30 takina wIth them sufficient upplies for one meal, and small tent. A route had previously been worked out for them, and the cadet were supplied with map references and told to be back in camp before noon the following day . All the cadet who took part in the exerci e were succe ful and all returned with half an hour to spare.

At the invitation. the Rector of Swanage the cadets gave an exhibItIOn and di play of fir t aid and resuscitation by the mouth to mouth and the mouth to nose method under the command of the Secretary, P. C. Bennett. There were appro x Imately 300 spectator on the first occasion the exhibition was given, and after a hort while spectators. were demanding that the cadet agalll show theIr prowes, which they did with pleasure. Some ten or twelve people came forward to be given individual instruction on this very Important method of artificial re piration . Area Staff Officer Bennett was able to aive the " b neces sa ry lllstructIOn, and it is hoped that a a res.ult the spectators went away better able to ave a life should the need arise. The cadets were afterwards entertained to high tea b y the Rector of Swanage.

In an address which he made later the Rector of Swanage paid tribute to the work of the cadets and to the St. John Ambulance Brigade in general. Outstanding was the behaviour of the cadet but. was heard from the generai publIc and, m partlcular, from the proprietors of the restaurant at Southsea (where the mid-day meal was taken) who went out of their way to tell the officers charge that, although they had had many orgamsed parties visit their restaurant, they had never seen a party so well behaved.

The Navy of the Knights (Continued from page 31)

need to say anything, save that 50 of them were of extraordinary dimension s; but what crowned all i that the enormous vessel was of incomparable swiftne ss and agility, and that its sai ls were astonishingly manageable; that it required little toil to reef or veer, and perform all nautical evolutions; n ot to pe ak of fighting people, but the mere mariner amo unted to 300; as likewise two galleys of 15 benches each, one galley lying in tow off the s tern, and the other galley drawn aboard; not to mention various boats of divers sizes, also drawn aboard; and truly of such strength her side, that though she had often been in action, and perforated by many cannon balls, not one of them ever went directly through her, or even pa ed her deadworks. "

THE GREAT SIEGE

In the year 1555 , on September 3, a furious hurrican e wrecked nearly the whole fleet of galleys belonging to the Knight , and this calamity encouraged Dragut, the cor air, to attack the island of Malta. He ravaged nearby Go zo, but had to reembark before achieving any object of note save a reconnai ance for the ub equent siege; at any rate he per uaded Suleiman to prepare a large enough force to wipe ou t thi ne t of enemies, who e galley had recently taken the richly laden hip belonging to the l adies of the Seraglio. War wa decided upon in 1565 ; the Turki h fleet coni ted of 1 0 galley and 50 maller ve els, with 5 000 J anizarie, 6 000 pahi, 6,000 Anatolian ar her and other oldier , a nd till force et ail in May of that year to begin one of the mo t famo u iege of hi tory, and the last major battle between galley.

To meet th1 armada, Jean Pari ot de la Vallette had a force of Ie than 9,000, of wh om 474 were Knight , 67 ervant at Arm, regular soldier (mo tly pani h) 875 volunteer from Italy, 5,300 untrained i lander , and 700 men rele a ed from the galley a a la t re ort.

The Turki h force had two commander, Admiral Piali and Admiral Mu tapha, who took order from Dragut; fortunately the two Admiral were eldom in ag reement and on May 24 the attacked St. Elmo. Later the be ieger were Jowed by Dr agut with 13 hip and 1,500 men but Dragut himself wa killed in June, though the Turki h fleet occupied the Ma a M uscetto harb o ur , 50 hip having recently joined them with supplies. The crew and laves conveyed some of the lighter ves els acro the narrow neck between Pieta creek and the upper part of Grand Harbour , where they launched them to attack St. Angelo and St. Michael from the landward side. At this stage the Turki h Commander ent a flaa of truce with an envoy to propose terms of render to La Vallette, but the Grand Ma ter 39

simply returned a stern defiance and threatened to hang the messenger.

By now the exces sive heat of July had set in; Candelissa, from Algiers, led an attack by water on the promontory of Senglea, and Mustapha had embarked 1,000 of hi s choicest J anizaries in 10 large barges to attack the point of Isola. B oth attacks were repulsed, the Turks losing 3,000 men and the Knights 250 brethren.

No other serious attack by water was made thereafter, and Candelissa was stationed at the mouth of the harbour to intercept any relieving fleet whilst a squadron cruised off Syracu se under the corsair Cavagiali for the same purpose.

Eventually the Spanish Viceroy of Sicily, Garcia del Toledo, reluctantly complied with a command from King Philip of Spain and sent a relieving force, and this set forth from Syracuse on August 25, 145 ships in all. Unfortunately, stormy weather ensued during the next few days, and the fleet had to put back more than once; however, they effected a landing in September, and on the 7th of the month 8,500 men landed from Sicily at Mellieha Bay. During that night the enemy removed their war material to their ships, and on the next morning all their post s were abandoned. The six month iege was over.

Two-hundred Knights and 8,000 of the defending force were killed, whil t the Turks' casualties were 30,000; mall wonder that it was of this occasion that Catherine de Medici asked, ' Was it really the gre atest iege? Greater even than Rhodes?" She wa answered by Knight Commander de la Roche, of the French tongue: ' Yes , Madame, greater even than Rhodes. It was the greate t iege in hi tory."

AN IMAGE OF ANCIENT SPLENDOUR

From thenceforward the Navy of the Knights engaged in minor expeditions and campaigns, but efficiency declined a immediate peril receded ; the aval uperiority dwindled , and the fleet became a howpiece ; the caravan of the galle were plea ure crui er to the port of Southern Europe. Toronini de cribe in hi Travel of Eg pt the galley of till period : 'The were armed, or rather embarra ed, by an incredible number of hand' the 'General' alone, the flag hip of the Order, had 00 men on board . They were uperbl ornamented; gold blazed on the numerou ba 0 relievos and culptur on the tern' enormou ail, triped blue and white, carried on their centre a great cro of Malta painted red; their flag floated maje ticall ; in a word, e erythmg concurred when the were et under ail to render it a magnificent pectacle; but their contruction. wa little adapted either for fighting or for tandmg foul weather.

The kept them up rather a an image of It anCIent plendour than for their abiEt . It (Concluded on page 41)

Obituaries

Leander McCormick-Goodhart, O.B.E.

(An appreciation by Dr. R. Williams, F.S.A., Bailiff Grand Cross, Librarian.)

The Order suffered a grievous loss by the death of Leander McCormick-Goodhart on December 15, 1965. He was admitted to the Order as an Officer in 1945, and became a Knight of Justice in 1954. He was a generous supporter of the Library and Museum, and a request for aid never failed to produce a lavish response. It was his good fortune to develop early in life a taste for medieval art, and he came to possess an envied flair. An opportunity to restore a lost Order treasure gave him profound satisfaction. Sir Harry Luke has described a visit in company with Mr. McCormickGoodhart to the Abbey of Bellapais, Cyprus, in 1913. Our late Confrere must have been strangely moved, for he was later to incorporate a stone from the Abbey in his new house in Virginia, U.S.A. He will be remembered as long as St. John's Gate is occupied.

w. G. Macartney

Ambulance member William George Macartney died suddenly on Saturday, August 27, 1966. He was only in the Brigade for 3-!- years, but during this time he was a well liked member of the South Belfast (Windsor) Ambulance Division. He suffered greatly for the past year with a heart complaint but still he was very conscientious in performing any duty allocated to him. On Wednesday, August 24, just three days before he died, he was Gn duty as usual at the football match at Windsor Park. He will be greatly missed by every member of the Division.

Mrs. N. H. Lilly

Divisional Superintendent Mrs. N. H. Lilly died in hospital on August 20, following a serious operation. This Officer was a founder member of Erdington Nursing Division, Birmingham County, which celebrated its Golden Jubilee in 1965. For her services in the First World War, Mrs. Lilly was awarded the Royal Red Cross Medal in 1918. She was appointed Divisional Superintendent in 1937, admitted to the Order of St. John as a Serving Sister in 1945, and promoted to Officer Sister in 1957. Mrs. Lilly's long and loyal service to the Brigade was outstanding, and was reflected by the Erdington Nursing Division of which she remained Divisional Superintendent until her death. Mrs. Lilly will be sadly missed .

Mrs A. Milne

It is with regret that we report the sudden death of Nursing Member Mr A. Milne of the Writtle Nursing Division. Mrs. Milne joined the Division in 1949 and was one of its keenest and most willing workers . She was willing to undertake every sort of duty and was also on the Emergency List at County Headquarter for escort duties and other emergencies She will be much missed in the Divi ion.

At the funeral at Chelmsford Crematorium, 14 members of the Writtle Division attended, together with their Member-in-Charge, Mrs. Deakin, and County Staff Officer Mrs. Ha lam.

Sympathy is extended to the hu band , Mr. A. J . Milne , who is also a worker for the St. John as Treasurer of the Writtle Nur ing Division .

INTERNATIONAL SCOUT JAMBOREE: WILTSlllRE

At the request of the organiser, Wilt hire Brigade provided first aid cover for the complete duration of the International Scout Jamboree.

In actual fact we found that the Brigade had to convert two derelict army hut, each containing several room, into an emergency hospital and staff it continuously for 12 day , both for fir t aid and nursing cases.

The Brigade organi er for thi major operation was North Area Commi ioner Mr L. J T Bartlett who, with his team of helper from North Area, undertook all the preparation before, and the di smantling afterward, of the hut, in addition to most of the staffing.

Meantime, South Area personnel were nightly covering Son et Lumiere at Sali bury Cathedral.

The post wa s opened on Wedne day, July 27, and closed on Sunday evening, August 7. 401 patients had been treated. Ca e included scald , burns , fractures, lacerations, ton illiti, mump, sprain s, concussion, stomach di order, bli ter , boil s, colds, laryngiti s and suspected appendiciti

Patient expressed surprise when they discovered that all Brigade member gave their service voluntarily, often giving up to a week of their holiday to be on duty at the Jamboree.

There were treatment rooms and wards for 12 bed s, which were fully occupied all the time! The weather was so atrocious that coal stove had to be kept burning Wednesday, August 3, was "o pen day," when the Brigade also had a display tent, which was visited by about 600 people.

The finale of open day was an evening pageant of Youth in which we combined with the British Red Cross Society to give an impressive "accident" demonstration.

It is all summed up by the often repeated comment made by those taking part "the most worthwhile duty we have ever done."

40

THE DESTITUTE CHILD FUND

Even in normal times countless ?f children in the less developed countrIes are ill desperate need. Hungry, sick , orphaned and afraid, or with parents too to hell? then;, without the aid sent by our Destltute Children s Fund their plight would be terrible indeed.

DROUGHT HAS BROUGHT FAMINE

to va t areas of India and Africa and the number of children in need ha far more than doubled Whole villages are destitute.

DESTITUTION PLUS

Plus the agony of despair when trusted hospitals, clinics and feeding centre mu t ay "no" through sheer lack of supplie . Our own fUJ?d are. overstrained. Commitments to other destItute children in the Congo , Vietnam and elsewhere must all be met , as well as these new UnJes we can act promptly children WIll dIe The plIght of children in Vietnam i rea ll y desperateYOUR GIFT COULD SAVE LIVES. Please don't delay but send all you can possibly spare to:

FUND, WAR ON WANT 9 MADELEY RD., LONDON, W.S

The Navy of the Knights

(Continued from page 39)

ought to be observed, however, that the last of the Order to leave Valetta was charged WIth material for the relief of the sufferers by the earthquake in Sicily in. The spirit of the old hospitallers was mamtarned to the end.

In 1796 Ferdinand von Hompesch, a Knight of the German tongue, became Grand Master, and he was possessed of neither ability nor influence required to cope with the power of Bonaparte; on the latter's expediti0!l to Egypt rn 1797, part of his army was landed rn an? Valetta was surrendered after three days negotIation, on June 12.

"Facillis est Descensus Averni"; a tragedy, indeed, that the Navy of the Knights, had been in existence for more than five centunes, and had reached her finest hour only two centuries before dissolution, should come to such an ignominious close; but during these later years the Order had become composed of arrogant young men of rank whose desire for adventure could not be quenched by the peaceful routine of intervals between expeditions against the corsarrs.

Boredom set in, and though humanitarian work continued, the Navy was neglected. Nevertheless it will be seen that the Naval history of the Order St. John is one of considerable distinction and interest, a subject worthy of study and record.

"S mooth the descent , and easy is the way (The gates of hell stand open night and. day); But to return, and view the cheerful skies, In this the task and mighty labour lies. Dryden.

R eferences :

-"The Order of St. John of Jerusalem ." W. K. R Bedford and Richard Holbeck , 1902.

-"Redemption of the Slaves by the Knights of Malta."

Vide: " Review of the Order of St John." J. R. Lawrance-Owen June, 1963 .

-"The Great Siege-Malta 1565." ErnIe Bradford 1961.

-J. Taa fe. 'History of the O rder of St. John of Jerus alem" (London 1832).

Desperate need for clothing for refugees

WAR ON WANT DEPOT

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SJ.A.B. BADGE WaH Shields, 32s. 6d S.J.A.B. Gold cased crested Cuff Links , 52s. 6d. Trophy Shields supplied Men's White Nylon Gloves, 14s. 6d Meda l rib.bon Is 3d. each rib bon on buckram for sewing on uniforms , I s. 3d. each nbbon if mounted on pin brooch . Medals mounted, miniatures quoted for. Stamp for leaflets. - MG-NTAGUE JEFFERY , Outfi tter, St. Giles Street, Northampton.

POSTAL

SUBS(;RIPTION

To the Treasurer and Accountant, Order of St. -John, 10 Grosvenor Crescent , London, S.W.1.

Please supply j renew* ST. JOH,N REVIEW commencing with the ...........................

............. .issue I enclose 17/- for 1 year

PLEASE NOTE NEW SUBSCRIPTION RATES

Name IN BLOCK CAPITALS

Address

Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John.

*Delete whichever is inapplicable. 42

GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES

MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL

CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l

Ophthalmic Student Nurses

Candidates accepted at the age of 16 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped School of Nursing. Successful candidates , on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice. Comfortable Nurses' Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert Hall, Victoria a nd Albert Museum and Theatres Court. Active Social Club.

Applications in writing to the Matron

West Sussex County Council

DEPUTY MATRON required at ALDWiCK HOUSE, Bognor Regisa pleasant Home near the sea for 17 elderly men and women . Genuine interest in care of elderly more important than previou experience. Good pro peets for promotion.

Salary Scale: £685 -£82 5 per an num , le ss £156 for residential emol ument s.

Single bed-sitting room provided. Additional payment of £50 per annum for recognised nursing qualification

App ly to County Welfare Officer , County Hall, Chichester, giving det a il s of experience and age, and names and addresses of two referees.

MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON E.C.I

Vacancies exist for STATE ENROLLED NURSES to enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing. Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing.

Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board Opportunities for promotion and practical responsibility in the specialist field of nursing.

Apply to Matron, Commander of the Order of St. John, Moorfields Eye Hospital.

For details of the House and Membership, please complete and return this coupon to THE WARDEN, ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE, LONDON, S.W.I. (BELgravia 2732).

Name _______ Full Address

INVESTITURE PHOTOGRAPHS DON'T DELAY-ORDER TODAY! INVESTITURE PHOTOGRAPHS MUST BE ORDERED IN ADVANCE.

Photo grap he rs attendin g lnv esti tu res represent the local pJ,'es The cost of commi ioning a photograph is £1 an d a n yone wishi ng to be photogr aphed sh ould as soon as possible

1. Sen d a written request to the Pres Office , 10 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I.

2. With their name and address.

3. Enclos in g a cheque or postal order for £1 m a de out to the Or der of St. John.

4 . Provide a few biogr ap hical details.

Solution to Crossword No. 32.

Across: 1, Koplik 's spots; 7 , Cue ; 9, Tonic ; 10 , Aspirin 11, Sash; 12, Stall ; 13, Four ; 16 , Mastoid; 17, Whitlow 18 , Tissues ; 21 , Torsion ; 23, Heat ; 24, Gasps ; 25, Open 28 , Neutron; 29, Oriel ; 30, Sol; 31, Carbohydrate.

Down: 1, Ketosis; 2, Pant ; 3, Incited; 4, Swallow; 5, Pipe; 6 , Turmoil; 7 , Cross matching; 8, Ingrowing nail; 14, Bolus; 15, Fiery ; 19, Scapula; 20, Staunch ; 21, Typhoid; 22, Impulse; 26, Grub; 27, Rima.

Compiled by W. A. Potter

ACROSS

1. Where artery may be compressed against a bone.

10. Adorned with re d for surgeon or nurse in the brigad e.

11. His salt is a purgative.

12 Refer ence to the ear in notice.

13. Appendicitis requiring immediate surgery

14. Considered a trivial bite , but can transmit plague.

17 No realm for hospital official.

18. Gift from Scandinavia to use for first time.

19 Benign tumour often found in breast or thyroid

21. Seam an u sing an d taking d rug improperly.

23. Restri cted by a change of die t.

24. Stimulation of first cr anial nerve.

26. Dirt on surface of a liquid.

29. Rio and aU Fr ench are noisy an d unruly.

30. No tunic torn for ointment.

31. Infecti ous D isease from a nameless germ.

DOWN

2. Aim when simul ating injuries for first aid training

3. Gi ve n intra venousl y as 0.9 per cent solution to replace flu i d loss.

4. Allergic skin reaction to foreign protein.

5. Drug used to control haemorrhage after childbirth

6. Taken b y mouth in 8 do wn.

7. Consumes by many sm all bites.

8. 1 across is a t cen tre of fold of the groin.

9. Fold of peritoneum helping to bold uterus in position.

15 Decoration for the hair.

16. Weariness often occurring in con valescen ce.

18 Chief parasite irri ta ting the scalp?

20. A sight so offensive that it causes conjunctivitis, perhaps?

22 Tend to lean.

25. Mother, with child , is builder.

27. Thread and tape infesting intestines.

28. Shellac used to hide needle.

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This

should be in every ambulance-

Ambulancemen probably have to deal with more cases requiring artificial respiration than any other branch of the medical profession except anaesthetists - and often in circumstances that are far from ideal. They know both the virtues of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and also its aesthetic disadvantages and practical difficulties in certain situations. In many emergencies special resuscitation equipment would be a godsend - and the Ambu is just such equipment.

It has been chosen on its merits as the standard resuscitation equipment of Nato forces. It is light, compact and inherently safe. It can be used with oxy gen when nec essary. Its complement is the Ambu foot pump for clearing airways of mucus or blood. Betw ee n them these two p ie c es of equipment can deal with the most difficult cases of resuscitation, yet they are not expensive-each costing only about £15. For further details please write to your nearest Brit ish Oxygen branch.

V ol. 39

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D First Aid For Fractures *

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• P S ORIASIS forms a white lust ous scal e on a reddened area of skin Bom me scale and skin are always dry unless broken o r brought away by [00 much scratching o r combing. I n most cases me reddened skin is of normal temperature and the scale chick and raised on m e skin, especially on me scalp, el bows and knees. Where the skin is of a finer texrure, as on the body, scalin g takes place as thin flakes or a light powder.

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LONDON (PRINCE OF WALES'S) DISTRICT CAM P

The quiet of Sunday morning at Waterloo was broken sharply on August 14 when some 290 Cadets and 90 Adults from London District were seen off by the new Deputy Commissioner and the Order 's P.R.O. for Totland Bay and the Ninth London District Camp. Cadets, adults and baggage were hurled and hustled into the train under the guidance of the selected baggage party (one of whom, in his zeal to complete the job as quickly as possible, nearly left his wife and baby behind on the platform!) Eventually the whole party arrived intact at Stoat's Farm, Totland Bay.

A week of wonderful weather followed-not a drop of rain and hardly a cloud in the sky- which all helped make London's Ninth Camp one of the best-ever camps. All the usual activities were held. Two socials were held at Freshwater Village Hall where the local group, The Intruders , were fully appreciated and also enthusiastically received when they played after the final chicken supper on Sat].lrday night. Map reading and camping proficiency certificates were taken, a tug-of-war knockout competition (which knocked out one or two of the adult competitors quite literally) was held and a camp fire, as well as many other activities which filled a busy week.

WELCOME VISITORS

Visitors are always a welcome glimpse of the outside world and civilisation in any camp and we were particularly pleased to see Mrs. Mbeakeani,

wife of the High Commis sioner for Malawi, with D / S/ O (C) Miss 1. Robin son and Deputy Commissioner Col. H. A. Lewis. A very special guest was the Inspecting Officer, Miss Z. D. Druitt, Training Officer , Priory for Wales, who came to carry out the official inspection. Miss Druitt first visited London District Camp when this was held in the Gower for three years, so it was a special pleasure to have her once agai n giving her valuable technical advice on this occasion.

Unfortunately two notes of sadness crept in: Firstly, the District Camp Adviser, D / S/ O J. W. Nutt was un able to attend, a great disappointment to him and all at camp. Secondly, N / M Margaret Cormack , of Croydon Nursing Division, a regular camper , was killed in a road accident on holiday the previous week.

All good things come to an end a nd on August 21 back to Waterloo returned a special train-load of campers , sunburned an d happy after a glorious week. "Could we come for a fortnight next time? " was frequently heard , but as somewhat worn adults gently remarked, a week is rather tiring and a large part of most people 's annual holiday.

The noble 40 member of the rear party left behind to di smantle a nd p ack, made full use of the still lovely weather , an d b y Wednesday only the crickets, the birds (and the moles!) could be seen on the two fields. And so unbl next year London said farewell to Totland ... but already the files are open at London Di strict for the Tenth Camp.

Southend Ambulanc e Cade t s on th eir way to ca mp.

rburton

AWARDS & PRESENTATIONS

MR. ER.C COMP-TON, a member of the composing staff of the "Evening Echo," Bournemouth, was awarded the Winifred Carslake Memorial Trophy by the Corp8 Superintendent, Mrs. Bessie Bickn ell , in recognition of his services, particularly his work with the physically hpndicapped. Mr. Compton is Divisional Officer of the liford and Somerset Combined Ambulance and Nursing Cadet Division.

Bven.i.rn.g Echo, Bournemouth

MR. JOHN LOGAN, County Superintendent (A) Northumberland, rl!tir ed in June this year. He joined the Brigade in 1914 and served with th e Royal Navy as a sick-berth attendant during the first world war and holds the R.N. Long Servicl! lvIedal. Apart from his Brigade activities Mr. Logan was, for so me yea rs attached to the ambulance room at Vickers Armstrongs Enginuring (a very "St. John" Company with it s own division of which h e was superintendent). Further recognition of his services were admission t o and finally promotion in the Orde r to gradl! of Commander Brother. A tribute to the work of one of their "v alued officers" at th e annual dinn e r included a special salute to the you ng members ( th e lifeblood of St. John of today and lomorrow)-thirteen members of thl! Wallsend Combined Ambulance and Nursing Cadet Divisions who gainl!d their Grand Prior's Badges-Men neth England, Ronald Handy, Peter Taylor Brian Tay lor , Alan Graham, John Watters, Malcolm Gray, Graham Kellett Linda Gregory A.nne Thornton, Caroly n R obson, J en nifer J oyce. and Philomena Devlin.

MR. DONALD RENDLE, Di visional Dfficer, Plymo uth Central Ambulance Di vision, was a L etter of Comn! endation for his gallant action in rescuing an unconscious man from a blaZlng The presentatlOn was made by D eputy Mayoress of Plymouth, Mrs. R. R. Thornton. Left to nght: Sgn. Ldr. J. E. G. Hancock, Deputy Commissioner, Ply mouth, S. W. De von and E. Corn walL; D I D R endle; C.S.D. J. H Sargent and Div. Supt. R. Cox. Western Everung Herald

MR. H. GEORGE (second right) Vice-President, Kingwood Ambulance Division, was presented with a troph y by the President, Mr. D. Evans, to mark his 60 years' service with the Bristol St. John Ambu lance Brigade. Also in the picture are Mr. C. Pardy, Div. Supt. 6lnd DID W. Down.

Bristol Evening Post

Extracts from The Lord Prior's Address

ST. JOHN'S DAY 1966

"In opening the proceedings, the first thing I must do is to thank the Lord Mayor for his welcome to us all here today. It is now a good many years since the Order was first given the privilege of holding its General Assembly at the Mansion House. During that time we have been very fortunate indeed to enjoy the hospitality and the help of the Lord Mayor and his staff and the staff of the Mansion House because there is a considerable amount of organisation involved.

"I extend on your behalf, to the various Executive Officers , our congratulations on the progress the activities of our Foundations are making.

"The main event of the year which was mentioned by the Director-General of the Association, Sir Philip Southwell, was the publication of the new First Aid Manual. However , a tremendous piece of work has been accomplished and one which will keep St. John in the forefront of the First Aid Mo vement.

"As regards the Brigade , as Admiral Dick , the Commissioner-in-Chief, said, more work is being done by the same number of people as far as public duti'€8<in the U.K. are concerned. He mentioned the Recruiting Campaign , and we must all hope that this will be successful and help to relieve the strain on those who have such a very heavy burden to bear on big public occasions.

"The Commissioner-in -Chief mentioned ambulance transport as something which we have been obliged to give up as a regular service in this country. This , of course, is not the case in several overseas countries. In New Zealand and Australia St. John still plays an important and active part in ambulance transport. This is a subject one comes in contact with when one travels round the Priories and on which 1. think we ought to have more exchange of information. I mention the matter because I have recently been round the world visiting St. John in many different territories and it is only by seeing things for myself that I have succeeded in getting something like a complete picture . .I do wish our communication was better, and that we informed each other more about what we are -doing. Lots of people have original ideas well carried out, but others do not hear of them because no one writes about them or lets their neighbours know what is going on.

"It is extremely satisfactory that the expansion of the Brigade Overseas continues. This shows that the political changes in' so many Commonwealth countries have made no difference to the work of our movement. In continent we find St. John activities .appreciated as· a contribution to the welfare of the people. I do. not think there is .better evidence of what St. John means overseas than the 16

presence of so many overseas members of the Order at this General Assembly. People from all over the world-the Prior of Scotland , the Lieutenant of the Commandery of Ards, the Acting Chancellor of the British Association of the Knights of Malta , the American Society of the Order of St. John, representatives from all the overseas Priories: Canada, Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand, and from Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Malaya, India , Pakistan , Ceylon , Kenya , Zambia, Uganda, West Africa, and the Caribbean. The effort that those who are able to be in this country at this time make to attend this Assembly is in itself a great tribute to the unity of spirit which animate a ll those who work under the sign of the eight-pointed cross.

"Lastly, I come to the Hospital in Jeru salem , about which the Hospitaller Sir Stewart DukeElder spoke The financial position is not a ecure as we sho·uld like , and we were unfortunate in having to make an appeal at an unfavourable time. It i certainly not due to any l ack of effort on the part of Sir Edwin Chapman-Andrews an d the Appeal Committee, but to the economic difficultie in thi and other countries. I think we can certainly carry on through the next four or five years, thanks to the generosity of the contributions to the appeal, not only from this country and the Commonwealth but from the Arab countries and the United State. This is a long-term operation. There is no doubt that the appeal has given impetus to the cause we serve. The work of the Hospital in J eru alem and the de velo pment of trachoma research are very much better known than they were. We have built up an d a re building up increased re erve of goodwill which we hope may, at some time in the future, prompt our very numerous and generous friends to give us the support which we need. As regards research we must remember that one cannot publicise results unles s one is absolutely sure of them and this means tlme.

"Before concluding I should like to touch briefly on the international St. John scene . I have here greetings not only from our own Priorie s and Commanderies , but from the Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, the Pre si dent of the Rhenish-Westphalian Association of the Order , the Herrenmeister of the J ohanniterorden, the Commanders of the Swiss Association of the Johanniter , and the heads of the Netherlands and Swedish Orders. I have had occasion for several years past to say something about the way in which the different branches of the Order have been getting closer and closer together. The supreme instance of this was last September at the 400th Anniversary of the Great Siege of Malta, when for (Continued on page 39)

SUPERINTENDENT - IN -

CHIEF'S

TOUR OF JAMAICA, ST. UClA, NIGERIA ·AND THE BAHAMAS

Pictur e sh ows th e

Sup erintendellt-ill-Chi ef, Mrs. Heth erington and Sup erilltendent P. W. Da vis.

Superintendent -in-Ch ief, Marjorie, Co unt ess of Bre cknock, attended a parade at O ch o Rio s, the Headquarter s of the North Ea s t Jamaica , St. John Ambu lance B rigade.

Lady Brecknock addressed a gathering at Government House, St. Lucia. Seated: Area Sup erintendent Mr F. Cannon, M. V.O., M.B.E.; His Honour the Administrator, Mr G. J. Bryan, C.M.G., C. V.O., O.B .E., M.C.; Mrs. Bry an ; the late Mrs. F. M. Da vie-Smith and Mrs Cannon.

NIGERIA

ST. LUCIA, WINDWARD ISLANDS

The Superintendent-in-Chief presented awards during her vis it to th e Nigerian Railway Corporation Distr ict , St. John Ambu lance Brigade. Also in the picture are th e District Co mmiss ion er and th e Centre and Brigade Secretary.

igerian Railway Corporation

Members of the Casteries Combined Ambulance and Nursing Di vision gave a demonstration of mouth -to -mouth artificial respiration on the lawns of Government House, St. Lucia.

" fr. A. G Knox-Johllston, Gove rnm ellt Liai on Officer, greeti ll g the Superintendent-illCIIief 011 her arrival at Freeport illternational A iJpOrf dllring her vi it to Great Bahama I s lalld ear li er this yea r to discuss plans for reorgan ising all active Assoc iation wo rk and a Brigade unit th ere. (left to right): Freeport Fire Chief B ert Sinden; Mrs. Nigel Morris, wife of the Police Commissioller, as au; Dr Amado Antoni; Po li ce Supt. Leslie Cate; lvlrs. Ja ck Willoff; Mrs. Alltoni and Mr. Ja ck Willott, Asst. Administrator, Colonial Resea rch In titl,lte, Grand Bahama C linic.

Ernie's Studio

Lady Br ecknock also saw the Annual First Aid Competitions and picture shows the Ebute Metta team, which won the event, lifting the "casualty' after treatment.

FIRST AID IN IRAQ

A schoolgirl receives her first-aid ce rtifi cate from th e Minister of Health, Dr. Abdul-Latif-AI-Badri.

Antique Auction

IN AID OF THE

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION

Lectures in first aid were first started in Baghdad in 1956 and the value of this training became so firmly established that Mr. J. S. Law went out to Iraq in 1961 to extend the scope of teaching to include Home Nursing. Students include members of the Iraq Red Crescent (Women's Branch), Y.W.C.A., Diplomatic Missions, Universities, Schools, Police Force, Government Departments as well as members of the public. Seven LayInstructors ha ve been trained and the language difficulties are also overcome by using the Pre-

liminary Manual Arabic translation. A recent course, organised by The World Health Organiation for 25 X-ray technicians was attended by st udents from J ordan, Paki tan, Senegal and the Lebanon.

It is hoped to form gro up from tho e holding the Advanced Certificates to undertake public duties based on those carried out by the St. John Ambulance Brigade oversea.

Since March this year regular television and radio instructional fir t aid programmes have been transmitted.

Auction kindly to be conducted by MR. PETER WILSON

Chairman of SOTHEBY'S

SPONSORED by Sir Isaac Wolfson, Lords Carrington, Wilton, Kindersley, and Drogheda and Mr. David Hicks.

NORTHERN IRELAND

SALE OF ANTIQUES AND OBJETS D'ART CHAMPAGNE BUFFET FROM 9.30 p.m. (By Ticket only)

Tickets } 3 guineas } may be obtained from : Mrs. E. COURTNEY, ....-:: 8 GROSVENOR CRESCENT, LONDON , S.W.1 Tel: BELgravia 5231

The

A group of guests who attended a colourful Oriental Night at the Red Crescent Headquarters.

TRIENNIAL REVIEW AND DRUMHEAD SERVICE

H.E.

Governor of Northern Ireland inspected Brigade Units at the Triennial Review and Drumhead Service, which was conducted by the RI. R ev. Bish op of Connor and the Rev. J. H. Withers, Chaplains of the Commandery of Ards, at Balmoral Showgrollnds.

PRIORY FOR WALES AWARD-

BRIGADE MEMBERS VISIT MALTA

John W a rburton

Twelve members of the B rigade from the Priory of Wales were awarded a visit to MaTta and ar e seen on arriva l at L ondon Airport on. their way. P hoto shows (left to right) standing: Leader County Staff Off. (Cadets) J P Harries, B ridgend, G lam. ; Cadet Ldr. Paul Re es, Port Talbot ; Cadet Ldr . J effrey Poston, Welshpool ; Cadet Cpl Robert John Gwyn, Llandeilo ; Cadet Sgt. Gareth D avies, Aberda re; Cadet Ldr. D avid Austin , Porthcawl; and Leader Div. Supt. Mr s . J E. Pat emall , Caernarvon. Front row: Cadet Pa uline Yates, Tredegar; Cade t Sgt Barbara R ees, L lan elli ; Cadet Sgt Elaine P rice, R hymney; Cadet Ldr. J ean Pateman , Ca e rnarvon; and Cadet Ldr. Janice Carter, B arry

R ep ort wiJ l be p ub l s bed in December i s ue

SPECIAL AWARD FOR SIXTEEN BRIGADE MEMBERS

un hin e C rui se fo r St. J o hn Ambulance Brigade

m e mb e rs f rom f ift ee n Co unti es under the leadership of D / 0. Martin Ames, Ealin/< Ambulance Di vis ion , aboa rd M.S " Dun e ra ," bound fo r Malaga, Tangier and Lisbon. Ha ze l Evans, Christine Ha rr is R obe na Cox, Mar g ar e t Kan e, Dian a Bu swe ll , Christine A ndr ess, R ose mar y Hals e ll, Jan e t Ca rlton , David Cl e m e nts, Da v id Ha yde n , David

Pu ll e n Andre J effcote, Gar y Math e r, Paul Ir eland and Pe te r Soulsby Full s tor y will app e ar in D ece mb e r issu e of the " R ev iew." The party we r e seen off by Major Walker , D e puty Comm is sio n e r, Duk e of Lancaster's District & A.S.O. (N) Cadets Miss A S e dd o n.

Ian Kel so 22

Admiral Sir J ohn H am ilt on addressed a gathering during a ce remollY wh ell th e bell of E. lvI .S. ' Ausonia was presented t o th e St. J ohll Ambulallce Brigade, Malta. Th e bell was a gift of th e Earl MOllntbatten of BlIrma. The spec ial s ig nificallce of thi g ift is that th e' Auson ia " was we ll kllO WII in th e do ckyards of Malta where many of the Brig ade members work.

MALTA NEWS -

B each first aid posts in Malta recently there was. on ly one first aid beach post on the zsland (one at Ghadzra built by the Government five years ago and m anned by the B rigade). Today there are three , the two new ones are at Ghahn Tuffieha and QuIa San Gorg, B irzebbuga. The settmg up of these po s ts is due to H.E the Governor's concern at the number of death s from drowning and authorised funds for one of them, the B rigade raising mone y for the?ther. The po s ts are manned every Sunday and dunng in the s ummer. In co-operation with the Ro y al Life SrIVmg Societ y, Malta Branch, it is !wpe.d that. the wzll be equipped with life-sa ving dev zces mcludmg Not forgetting the landlubbers-if there are on an the B rigade is planning to con ver t a cubzcLe as a first azd post at the King sg ate B us Terminus. The wzll be placed wi th the police point 11:earby, so. that, m an emergency, the equipment will be immedzately aVaIlable.

Sir John Hamilton strik es Eight B ells " aft er the uJIll e ilillg ceremony.

Sunday Times of Malta

FOLKESTONE

Members of the Fo Lkes tone Nursing and Nurs ing Cadet Di visions in action 011 their stand at a recent " Leisure Time Acti vit ies" ex hib it ion held at the Town Ha ll The event was organised by the Nationa l Sav ings Co m m it tee

BRADFORD

A. S.O. S Br anson (left) cwd D iv. S upt. H. Newe ll (righ t) (l&.umont A mbulance Ca det D ivisil/ h giving a t ra ining session to'

Cadets of the Ga um ont Am b ulance

Cadet and Ci ty Nu rsing Ca det

D iv is ions . A repo rt, ear lier th is year, in th e B radford " T elegraph and Arg us" p oin t ed ou t tha t

S t J ohn is a co mparative ly y ou ng organisa tion in the area as fa r as y ou th m ovements are' conce rn ed, bu t tha t since t he fi rst uni t was form ed in L aiste rdy k e St M ary's in 194 9

in. t erest in fi rs t ai.d ar:d h a.s been steadily mo.unting. The report adds that" these boys and gz rls do. a man-Slze jo b , no shnkzng away f rom acczdents They are well steeled by t raining with cas ualttes and w0 l!nds .so th at even t he rea l th ing wo uld see m 'child's play' to them. I ndeed, th e b rzef hl story of th e m an! cadets have come face -to-f ace with t he 'rea l an d have deserved th

and

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

Freeman of the City of London

Dame of Grace of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusa lem

THROUGH THE EYES OF ANNE MORTON

Life at Scutari and the Barrack Hospital is unveiled for a few moments as Florence Nightingale and her nurses knew it.

Florence N ighbngal e and the Crimean War. How long ago it all seems, yet it is only just over 100 year ago. D uring the past 50 years much has been written on the Crimean War and the part played in it by Florence jghtingale at the hospital at Scutari a yjllage on the Asian ide of the Bosphorus opposite Constantinople. The two most read book were by Mr Woo d ham Smith, who wrote a life of Florence Nightingale and one dealing with the Crimean War only. The e two books, published between the 1914 and 1939 war revived memories of that appalling and di gracefully managed war that took place on the Crimean Peninsula 110 year ago.

These book and the actual Crjmean centenary in 1954 brought back to my memory that my mother had po se ed a book of ketche , paintings and photograph done by her aunt who, in 1855 had joined F l orence ightingale a one of her nur e Mj Anne Ward Morton was considerabl y older tllan mo t of the other nurses who had gone out to Scu tari and he wa not at the hospital during the dreadful :fir t winter of the war when Florence ightingale had to fight all the power that be and in the end triumphed over almost in uperable difficultie During the econd winter the immen e ho pital wa filled with wounded and cho lera case an d it was during thi winter that Mj Morton , my great aunt took over the running of the hospital while Florence ightingale visited the Crimea itself. During that winter my great aunt had no time to sketch or paint and mo t of her drawing how the ho pital when the war was over (April, 1856) and everyone is packing up to leave.

So in the early 19 50s, I started to look for thi book , but was unab l e to find it, and after much searching I concluded it wa lost. In 1959 I was l?oking in my loft for a book when my eyes caught slght of an unfamiliar black Victorian trunk. I opene d it and found it full of large red curtain covered with moth balls At the sid e of the trunk I noticed a piece of b lack material which looked to me like the "black-out" material used in the last war. No one to my knowledge had opene d this tr u nk for very many years , so it coul d not be " bl ack -out" material. Having t u rned ou t all the cu rtains, there at the b ottom of the trunk lay the l arge fo lio vol u me for which I had been searching.

- 1865

25 A E MORTO 1806

The black material was a part of a waterproof cover. After a short time I took the book to the British Museum and showed it to Mr. Croft Murray, the well -known keeper of prints and p aintings After examining it he told me that whereas artistically it was of little value, hi torically he knew of no other drawings of the inside of the hospital, though many exist of the outside. The R.A.M .C . and the London hospitals were very interested in the book and the former made beautiful black -andwhite photos , ome of which are reproduced here, and colour slide

In 1860 when Florence I ightingale formed the fir t association for training nurses , she was most an iou to get my great aunt as one of her teachers, but he was un ucce ful. Miss Morton wa livincr with her si ter at Horn ey Rise and only wi hed do part -time work; this would not suit Florence ightingale who wanted all or nothing. The letters dealing with thi matter are all carefully preserved in the archive of St Thoma ' Hospital London.

Finally, Mi Morton went back to King's College Hospital (then in the Strand) where she had done orne nursing previous to going out to Scutari. Unforttmately in 1865 , he caught typhUS from a patient and died in a few days.

D erick A hley.

ANNE MORTON ' S

Anne Morton's sketches of the B arrack Hospital interiorapart from a few newspaper drawings-are the only ones known in th e world. Hastily and crudely done, but with great

SOMERSET'S LIN

ELIZABETH FRY 1780-1845

R eprintedfrom the "Somerset Coun ty Year B ook, 1964-1965," by courtesy of th e Editor.

sincerity, for the eye of her sister Sarah only, but th e historical detail so faithfully observed, is inva luable today.

I fou nd thi link when I called on Miss E lizabeth Stone in the course of visits made with a friend to Horder Centre Helper for Artbritics.

It was a great pleasure to talk to this dignified and independent lady-tall, erect, and very active, who celebrated her 93rd birthday on August 23, J 965.

Mi Stone, who came to Weston-super-Mare in 1942, wa born in Brid gwate r into a family of four boys and four girl, three of whom became nurses. Her childhood was a happy one; and her father was known locally for his long a sociation with the Sund ay Scbool movement.

Her link with thing which happened so long ago arises from the fact tbat she was an Eliza beth Fry" nurse who was chosen out of a hundred other to nurse Florence ightingale during her last iUne s, and was with her when he died.

With a memory that remain clear an accurate, Miss Stone retains her strictly profe sional outlook; she di lik e publicity and refuse to be photographed, but on hearing of our ightinga le focus he was kind enough to change her mind on co nditi on that it was an informal photograph taken with u . Thu it wa that she came to pend a morning at my home where a charming picture was taken of her upported by her entirely superfluous friend .

Elizabeth Fry. I wa intere ted in Miss Stone reference to E li zabet h ry who at the age of 29 wa a Quaker minister a nd an impre ive speaker. I knew of her wonderful work for pri on reform, aod that she wa a practi ed vacci nator , a1 0 th at her ocial reforms had influenced the pioneer work of the Lutheran Dea cone ses at Kai er werth, but I did not know that, ari ing from her medical interests he wa , in fact, the first woman in the country to found an establi hment for the training of women 'called to selfl.ess service for the ick in ho pitals and in the home of those of re tricted means." A far back a 1840 her Tur iog Sister In titution" in Whitechapel wa under the patronage of Queen Adelaide.

Later, when Florence ightingaJe went to Turkey with 38 nurse, 20 of these came from E li za betb Fry's Institution.

Mis Stone joined the In titution in 1902, and was ent for training to Portsmouth Ho pital (1 year) and Bury St. Edmunds (2 year ).

In 1945, after more than a century of pioneer 11ur ing work, tbe In titution clo ed, a nd with the con ent of the Charity Cornmissioners, it was transferred with all it as ets to the Queen 's Institute of Di trict ur e , where it i till remembered through the Elizabeth Fry Fund, now used exclusively for t h e training of Di trict Nurses. Miss Stone and her colleagues each received a charming little fran1ed picture of Elizabeth Fry from Mi s F. orvile, the last Superintendent of the Institute, when they were transferred. 27

F l or en ce Nigh tingale When Miss Stone met Miss ightin gale she had passed through the years of turmoil and frustration into a peaceful and happy old age and was living at 10 South Street, Park Lane-a gentlewoman of means with a staff of servants.

Miss Stone has happy recollections of South Street, the staff and Miss Bosanqu et, the secretary, and the pleasant window in Miss ightingale's room wh.ich overlooked the garden of Dorchester House. il1 the last four years of her life Miss ightingale required round-the -clock nursing, and five nurses, including Miss S tone and her sister Rose-who married and went to America-shared this duty.

At that time their patient was nearly 90 years old, her hair was white, ber sight had failed, but her eyes were as blue as ever and she had very few wrinkles.

Miss St one knew about the owlet with the broken wing which Miss ightingale had rescued when visiting the P arthenon as a young woman It became her pecial pet and was often carried in her pocket. When it died she had it stuffed and kept it in her room

The End. For two days before her death Miss ightingale wa unconscious. She died on S aturday, August 13 1910. Onl y a few people were told that day , but soon the messages began to flow in and a special taff was engaged to deal with all formalities. It was Miss Stone ' s duty to receive and supervise the listing of all flowers and me sages Miss ightingale wa very fond of hydrangeas , and after her death large pots of these flowers were placed in her room. Queen Alexandra sent a wreath of white orchids, a threetiered cros of \'>'hite blooms came from St. Thomas' Hospital, and an10ng the mas e of superb flowers a mall bunch of hea ther from an unknovvn child-" Stella aged nine" -was placed on the gra e.

Florence ightingale was buried in the fanUly grave at Ea t Wellow , in Hampshire. All detail of her memorial ervice at St. Paul vvere arranged by the War Office , and the five nur es who had looked after her were gi en special places of honour in the chancel. Thi mo · ing and memorable service ended with \ hat Mi Stone described as "won derful Rus ian musi.c.

Mi s Stone 's c10 ing re ollection \i a that of a fabulous ring of diamond pre ented to Mi s r ightingaJe b a ultan , which had an in cription in emerald " Ble ed are the merciful.

GTE-Fo r a variety of reasons it is becoming impossible to retllm lvISS and picture. We 11 ill gladly pa) for prillts, but will contributors plea e on ly ask for pictures fO be returned if th ey are irreplaceable-H e just can't cope.-Editor.

STANTON DIVISIONS COMPETITION

"COTTON CU P"

The 15th annual competition for the Cotton Cup was held in the main canteen, Stanton and Staveley , Limite d , near - Nottingham, on Saturday, September 17, 1966, when competition was keen and good. Teams from Derbyshire , Nottinghamshire , Leicestershire, Yorkshire , County Durh am, Warwickshire , and Worcestershire , competed to give a very fine stan d ard of first aid with the following result:

Section A

Derbyshire Police "A"

Worcester City P olice

Nottingham County Police

Cochranes (Midd les brough)

East Midlands Gas Board , ..

Section B

Birmingham Fire Service

Derb yshire P olice "B"

Long Eaton (Ambulance) S J.A.B

Holwell (Ambulance) S.J.A.B.

R aw don Colliery

Section C

Bakelite (A yc1iffe) S.J.A.B.

East Midlands Electricity Board (Ilkeston Divisio n)

Long Eaton (Nursing) S.J.A.B.

Heanor S.J.A.B.

Gedling Colliery

Final

Bakelite (Aycliffe) S.J A.B.

Derbyshire P olice "A"

Birmingham Fire Service

The jud ges for this occasion were:

Corps Surgeon D r. R. N Wilson, Erewash Valley Corps, S.J.A.B

Area Surgeon D r. J. L. W . John so n , No .5 Area S.J .A .B

Corps Surgeon Dr. J. L. Skinner, No.1 Sub-Area S.J.A.B. , whil st the final was judged by:

Corp s Surgeon Dr. R. N. Wilson and Corps Staff O fficer E. Higham, No.6 Area S.J.A.B.

The chairman-Mr. J. F. Coe- Tran sport and D istri bution Manager , spoke of the value of first aid a nd how this was being brought about b y competitions in which the tests set, outlined acci dent s which have happened. He went on to appeal to make the Cotton Cup competition more wi del y known si nce it had the lowest entry for a number of years . Mr. Coe thanked all those concerned in the organisation of this competition and paid tribute to the casualties who had performed so well. Mrs. J F. Coe presented the Cotton Cup:trophy and the prize s that went with 28

it. Miss Ann Carmody, daughter of the Stanton Ambulance Division Superintendent, presented Mrs . Coe with a bouquet after the proceedings.

The winning team was represented by Messrs. J. Hewitson , captain ; T. Bell, R. P. Hindmarsh, J. B. Smith, with J. H. Wood as the reserve, who are all members of the st. John Ambulance Brigade in Darlington.

Last year's winners of the trophy were the East Midlands Electricity Bo ar d (Ilkeston Division), who came secon d in the section test.

The two ladies' teams were the East Midland Gas Board in section A , who gained 110 marks, and Long Eaton Nursing Divi sion who scored 23 marks more than their opposite members in sections C and B, respectively.

Althougl1 fewer teams competed in the competition this year, it was generally acknowle d ge d that teamwork was of a higher standard than in previo us years.

PRELIMINARY TEST

Car d: A wire rope broke under tremendou strain, lashed b ack an d hit two men an d a boy

Time : 10 minutes.

INJURIES

1 s t Man: Almost severed forearm ju t below the right elbow, both bones broken.

2nd Man : Face slashe d from chin to ear-jaw broken.

Boy : One side of chest slashed open, fractured ribs lungs dam age d , coughing up blood

STAGING

Leave end of rope nearby a nd splash with blood .

MAKE-UP

Let your imagination run riot and add lots of blood .

FINAL TEST

Card: Four club cyclists are ri ding two abreast along the road. A lorry carrying 10 tons of scrap metal overtakes them. The scrap metal load has moved and a bar of iron sticking out on the near si d e, scythes all the cyclists. The lorry stops 10 yards beyond the cyclists and the driver gets out to see what has happened. Time: 12 minutes.

Injuries: The driver approaches the cyclists a t 1;he same time as the team, utters " Oh, my God! " a nd collapses.

Cyc1ist No .1: Fractured spine a t the lower dors a l region.

Cyc1ist No.2: Fracture of the base of the skull.

Cyc1 ist No.3: Facial injury with fractured jaw on right side.

Cyclist No .4 : Fracture of the left wrist.

PERSONALITI ES

AREA

SURGEON DR. G. B. STEPHENSON, L.M.S.S.A.,

No.3 North Northumberland Area, was awarded .the Order of St John 's Bron ze Life Saving Medal for an elderly woman from a burning house em ll er thl S year. The presentation was made by Lt.-Col. R. E. ry'. 1.ohn.son, Commissioner for Northumber land at a fete ZI1. ald of th e Ro ya l National Lifeboat Institution. In a report by the County P o li ce of the incident it was stated that Dr Stephenson's action disp layed courage of a very hig h order.

DIV. SUPT. G. G. DAVIES, J.P., Glyncorrwg Ambu lance Cadet Di vision, became Chairman of th e GLy ncornvg Urban District Council.

In 1948 Mr. Davies became Supenntendent of the Ambulanc Cadet D ivi ion and in tructor to the Colliery Competition first -aid team.

For out tanding de otion to duty and courage, during the Glyncorrwg Colliery e, plosion in 1954 , he was awarded the Priory Vote of Thanks and a dmitted to the Order as a Serving Brother.

Somehow Mr. D avie finds time for other voluntary acti ities taking a particular intere t in the welfare of the elderly inhabitant and ha been Vice-Chairman of the local Old Age Pen ioner ociation for man year He also gi e lecture to young people in fir t aid in other youth organi ations.

For some time the Brigade in Wale ha been trying to persuade him to take up an appointment in an adult division or to become an Area Cadet Officer. He ha resi ted all the e effort , a he prefer to be Superintendent of a Cadet Di i ion and concentrate on training young people.

29 He joined the Brigade in 1939 and during the war years was a deputy ambulance driver with the Glyncorrwg Workmen s and driver an d first -aid in tructor ill the CIVil Defence Corps . In addition he was Superintendent of the Glyncorrwg Colliery Medical Centre.

MORE AWARDS AND

Ja cq uelin e Wa lsh, thir d- y ear student nurse at R ochdale's B irch Hall Hospital, won the "Nurse Charming " Competitio n organised by the Manchester "E vening Ne ws" and was presented w ith the prize- a holiday for two in Ma lt a, jllst in time to be a wedding present-by the Chief Cons ta ble of Manchester, Mr. J ohll McKa y The competition was generously run by the Ma n cheste r " Eve ni ng ews' to help the B rig ade recruiting dri ve and the presentations were made at o parade h eld at B elle Vue. M an chester E vening e ws

His Majesty the King of Mala ys ia investing Mr R. S. Gurcharan Singh (Secretary, Penang Area, St. John Association and Brigade) with t he award of 1hlz (Mala ys ian equivalent of the O.B.E.) zn recogmtzon of Ius lo y al and devoted services to the yout h organisations in the State of Penang Mr. R S. Gurcharan Singh joined the Brigade in 1953 and while he was a student at the Mala y an Teachers' College in Li ve rp oo l he was transferred to the Gas Board Division and on his return to Malay sia he was appointed Brigade Area Staff Offic er. In his dual capacity as Secretary of the Association and B ;igade he has organise.d courses, unusual for the area, for Olr. attendants, occupatLOnalfirst aid, clean food handling, chzld care, etc. To celebrate the high ho nour conferred on him by His Majesty, the Penang Area Association and Brigade gave a dinner.

Pi cture shows some of the rUllners-up in the" II rse Charming' competition who received cash prizes of £5 5s. each. They were Sister Patricia 1Ylles, A ltrin cham General H ospital; IIrse Joal7 E lli s, St . Jos ep h's Hospital, Manche te l' ; Student urse Carole Jon es, Withington Ho sp ital; Nurse Su sa ll Hlftchinson , Salford Roya l Hospital; Student urse Christine Dronsfield Oldham Ro y al Infirmary; Sister Br enda Morall, Oldham ROJ al InfirmarJ; Staff II rse Florence Shackleto n , Ro y ton, Oldham and District H ospita l ; Student urse L yn ne St eve nson, Crumpsall Hospital; Nurse Barbara Quarmb y, Ladywe ll Ho spita l, Sal/ord; IIrse A nn Holden Par k Hospital Da vyhulm e; Nurse Anne Kirkman, Fairfield Ho :pital, Bllry ; and Staff !l1idwi/e Barbara ewton, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport.

31

Cadets of the Colyton Ambulance Cadet D ivision , seen with their mascot "Candy" to whom they attribute a change of fortune in competitions-we feel that a great deal of hard work by the young gentlemen concerned has also had something to do with the "change of luck. " Picture shows Lord Clinton, County VicePresident, presenting them with the Uniform Trophy. The members of the team are Cadet Sgts. Eddie P erry and Bob B utler, Cpl Rodney Austin and Cadet David Hooper. The y were placed third in the aggregate points competition for the Ellis Cup, which was won by the Exeter Ambulance Cadet Division.

Express & Echo, Exeter

ROUND

Members oj the Che lmsford Nurs ing Cadet Division repr ese nted the county in the recent ar ea competitions, which they WOIl in great sty le, having gained a lead of 62 points over all co m e rs (teams from Suffolk, NO ljo lk, Cambridgesh ire, H ertfordshire and Bedfordshire).

The four members of the t eam ar e, second from left, Gloria Lewis, Sandra What/on, G illian Wi lle tt and Valerie French. They repr ese nted the R eg ion in th e Brigade Finals and put up a very creditab le p eljorman ce by coming sixth out of eleven teams.

Essex Chronicle

Do ver Nursing Cadet Di vision in the news. They carried off the championship's awards for first aid and nursing in a rec ent competition for which C.S.O. Mrs. I. Houchin alld her husband of Hythe (Kent) presented a new cup. This event wa the o. 3 Area First Aid alld ursillg Competitions and it was the fifth time that a team from the Do ver lll ·s ing Cadet Division had come fir t. This shou ld put other ursing Cadet Di vis ioll s in the area really 011 th ei r mettLe.

AND ABOUT

Another example of the best of the young blood giving a transfusion to the Brigade-more don ors urgent ly needed.

Important day for the St. John Ambulance Brigade members of Ba th Cit y Police when, after lunching with the Chief Constable Mr G. E. T. Nichol (seated second right) eight sergeants alld one constable were presented with their Service Medals by the Mayor of Bath A lderman Ronald H. Purdi e The Bath City Police Division of the Brigade is J20 strong-this must be a record. Also in th e picture are : Seated-Deputy Chief Constable, Supt. S. Cartledge (right) alld Insp ector J Foulkes (Left). Those receiving their medals were: Selgeants J. Harris, Charles Middleton, James Cantello, Thomas Pau l , Wilfred Newnhal17, Frank Gay lor, Anthony Mc amara, Geoffrey Til17brell, and Alan Coombes; P.C Frank. Jones ; D et. Sgt. Eric McKay. S erge ant Thomas Paul also qualified for this award and will receive his mdeal later, as he was 017 holiday at th e time of the presentations.

Wes ex Associated ews Ltd

The Countess of Courtown, Preside nt of the Bea consfie Ld Nursing Di vision, presents Miss SaLLy Preston with her Grand Prior 's Badge.

POISONS

PRO FES SOR

H. C. STEWA RT, M.D., M.R.C.P.

Principal Medical Officer, St. john AfT!bulance Association

I was invited to talk to the 12th Annual First Aid Conference of the National Dock Labour Board, and the following is an abbreviated version of this talk:

I am not going to discuss the chapter on "Poisons" in the Joint First Aid Manual, or talk about the first aid treatment of poisoning, but rather about the problem of "what is a poison?" To most of us, a poison is something with which to kill vermin, to commit suicide or murder. In other words, there is a special group of chemical substances called poisons.

This idea, however, is just not true, obvious as it may be. The world, for many centuries, was always considered to be fiat because it obviously was so, until Aristotle in the fourth century B.C. suggested it was not, and might be round-a very dangerous suggestion in those days but later proved to be correct by Columbus in the fifteenth century A.D. Every drug or chemical substance can be a poison, depending on two factors: the amount that is taken and the sensitivity of the person or animal to it. If this were not so, we should not have rat poison for rats and others for other animals, but one poison in the same dose would kill any animal. This state of affairs is well expressed in the proverb "one man's meat is another man's poison."

If I asked you to compose a list of poisons you would take pen and paper and most of you would commence with carbon monoxide, Lysol, strychnine, morphia, barbiturates and so on, in various orders. Each individual member of this list is quite -correctly a poison, but the idea that one can draw up a list of them ignoring dose and individual response is quite wrong.

Drug actions come on at different dose levels; for instance, a small dose of morphia will abolish pain without apparently making the person aware of any other actions. However, if the dose is increased when the pain is more severe, it may cause nausea and vomiting, and if the dose is increased even further it can depress breathing danger o usly and even cause excitability and convulsions. It is all a question therefore of being able to choose a drug that produces desirable, rather than undesirable, effects at low d ose level, where the same drug can be a poison in a higher dose level to another person o r even at the lower dose level if it is administere d to someone who is extra sensitive to its effects.

34

Drugs have their Problems

Some drugs cannot be used for the purpose originally intended because a harmful effect may come on before the effect you want to achieve has been obtained. A well-known example of this is the barbiturate thiopentone (pentothal), which is used so widely in anaesthetic procedure. It was originally hoped that it could be given in sufficient amounts to enable surgeons to operate under its action, but we now know that it has no pain-killing effect and may depress breathing even before the patient is asleep. It can only be used therefore to send a person to sleep, and pain-killing and other drugs must be added before the patient is in a suitable condition for operation. Some drugs cannot really be given adequately without some toxic or poisonous effects being seen, such as in the case of digitalis, the famous heart drug which, to be effective , has to be used in doses that often cause other unwelcome effects.

Tolerance may Develop

The time of onset of action depends on the route as well as the dose, and the effect of a drug may be quite different by another route. Castor oil is an irritant purgative by mouth, though it does not develop this effect until it is digested in the small intestine. Placed in the eye, a few drops can be most soothing, and anaesthetists use it to prevent the irritant effects of some anaesthetics on the eye. In general, drugs act more slowly by mouth and need a larger dose to produce an effect by this route. Many drugs are irritant and cause vomiting when given by mouth, and because of this action a number of victims have survived being murdered in this way, as have a number of intended suicides, only to kill themselves later in the same or another way.

Many drugs produce what we call tolerance. This means simply that the body gets so used to them that, unless the dose is continuously and perhaps considerably increased on each occasion, it is difficult to achieve the same effect as from previous doses and impossible to produce a greater action. This has led to the failure of some intended murders because the poison has been given regularly in small doses so as not to arouse suspicion by taste. This very caution has sometimes led to failure to give a big enough dose to kill, in the presence of developing tolerance.

Many of you will have heard of the Dunlop Committee on the Safety of Drugs. What a tremendous task they have taken on to go through all the evidence of action, reliability and toxic effects of new drugs before these ,are passed for general use on you and me. Recently a friend of mine took a few of a well-known preparation for pain as he had toothache. In it was some aspirin, of which 2,500 tons were consumed in 1965 by the general public, with little ill effect. Unfortunately, he was sensitive to aspirin, which he knew in the past had caused him to have some bleeding from the stomach. At the time he was not able to obtain anything without aspirin in it, so he took these tablets, despite knowing that they did not suit him. As a result he began to bleed, was taken into hospital and operated on, but the bleeding could not be controlled. He was given many pints of blood in transfusion to make up for the blood he had lost, but in the end the doctors could not save him and he died-from treating toothache with some a pirin, which to him was POISO It is said, with some truth , that if aspirin and the wonder heart drug digitalis were submitted to the Dunlop Committee they would both be turned down for general use as being too poisonous-and yet we have no real alternatives to them and in fact could not do without either of them.

Look Before you Leap

Thi means that, just as in every other walk of life we mu t be prepared to take some risk- some calculated risk , if it eem rea onable. Many people are knocked down by cars when crossing the road, and often killed becau e they don't look before they cro s. This does not mean we should never cro the street but that we should take suitable precaution and look before we step into the road. Ju t the same with drug : we should look at them carefully before we take them. This means preparing them carefully in a pure form, testing out first on animals to ee the effects and get an idea of the safe do e, and then giving the drugs to

occur they can do a wonderful job, and fortunately are not available so that they do not contribute a poisoning hazard in the ordinary way. The effects of drugs can vary with age and, even in some cases, with sex. As we get older our kidneys tend to wear out before our livers, and these are the two main organs for disposing of drugs and other unwanted chemical substances. Some are excreted in the urine by the kidney unaltered, just as they were taken, while others are broken up into simpler substances in the liver before being got rid of by the kidneys in this way. For this reason, barbiturates and other drugs which rely on the kidneys for getting out of the body are best avoided in the elderly, just as those substances which rely on the liver to be broken down to simpler substances must be avoided in any person whose liver function is known, or suspected, not to be quite normal. Because of the slowing down of all bodily processes in old age, the person tends to resemble in many respects the infant , and dosage in each case has to be much smaller than in the rest of life.

Interaction

between

Drugs or Chemical Substances

In recent years attention has been drawn to occurrences not previously recognised. This we call interaction between drugs or chemica) substances. Three possibilities exist: firstly , and commonly, that no unusual or harmful effect will occur from giving two different things at the same time. Secondly, one may markedly increase the action of another. Or , thirdly , one substance may much reduce the action of the other. Cocaine, which is a well-known local anaesthetic, and stimulant drug and drug of addiction, produces a number of its effects by reason of markedly increasing the action of the body hormone adrenaline from the adrenal glands -so much so that the effect on the heart can kill. Some antibiotics , very effective given separately for certain infections , were found to be less effective when given together as they interfered with each other's actions.

human volunteers before they are sanctioned for Types of Toxic

general use.

Effects

Remember, the terms "toxic" and "poisonous"

Oddly enough, some of the most toxic or mean the same thing , but that we talk of toxic poi onous ubstances are those produced by the effects of drugs taken primarily for treatment body itself, again either in an abnormal amount purposes, whereas we use the word- poisonous if given to someone who doesn't need them when using the substance for this particular action, or , worse still, is sensitive to them. Insulin, which as in killing vermin. There -are' two different type we make in our pancrea (sweetbread), is essential of toxic effects commonly seen: (1) which may to the body to deal with sugars so that we can come on only with high doses of a drug and are store them for future use and utilise the energy different in each case-in other words , are quite they provide. The cause of the more serious type individual to the particular drug; (2) allergic of diabetes is lack of this insulin so that it has to manifestations when rashes, oedema, bleeding, be made from animal pancreas and given to these asthma, low blood pressure and collapse, etc., may patients by injection. Some of the bad cases require come on, and the picture is the same or similar such high doses of insulin that if you and I were for different drugs because the mechanism involved given this dose, not needing it, we should be is the same in each case , becaus.e the patient is extremely ill- and might die. In the body there sensitive to the drug. are many other even more powerful substances Examples of ll) are the convulsions produced than insulin, but in the minute amounts that they by large doses of strychnine used as a poison, or 3S

depression of breathing when a high dose of morphine has to be given in severe pain. Example of (2) is the bleeding I have just mentioned in a case of toothache from aspirin to which the taker was sensitive, or the rashes, etc. , some of us get from touching primulas , eating shell fish or strawberries, or getting hay fever if we wander into a field containing Timothy grass growing.

Death from drugs , poisons or natural causes , can occur only in two ways: (1) from cessation of breathing and (2) from stopping of the heart. There are many different ways in which these two forms of death can occur , and ea ch affects the other in that cessation of breathing starves the heart of oxygen so that it will stop, while if the latter stops first it will deprive the brain a nd respiratory centres of blood and therefore of oxygen so that breathing will then stop.

In the case of the heart, this so -calle d cardiac arrest can occur in two different ways: (1) the heart stops beating but continues to make rapid, ineffective rippling movements (fibrillation) which do not pump the blood out, and this can only be dealt with by the use of a defibrillator , or (2) when the heart just stops beating. In the latter case only , external cardiac massage may be successful in restoring the heart to normal activity again.

How Safe is "Home Sweet Home" ?

Now let us look at "the home " as a place of safety-"there's no place like home ," "Home Sweet Home ," and so on. But just how safe is it , wonderful as it may be in many other ways?

In the first place st. John fir st aiders know that figures show there are far more accidents in the home each year than on the roads!

Here is a list of some of the dangerous things , often found in the home or garden , that may be poisonous in the course of ordinary use , may be used in suicide or in murder:

Insecticides-such as ant , cockroach or rat poisons; mothballs (naphthalene)

Inflammable and Extinguishers-Paraffin and petrol. Fire lighters-methyl alcohol, fire lighting devices , coal gas (CO), fire extinguishers-carbon tetrachloride , methyl bromide.

Cleaning Equipment-Carbon tetrachloride , acetone, drain cleaner (sod. acid sulphate), rug deaner-chlorinated hydrocarbons , ammonia,

bleach (sod. hypochlorite , oxalic acid), laundry ink (aniline).

Medicines-Salicyla tes-as pirin , methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen); sedatives and sleeping tablets-barbiturates , bromides , tranquillisers; drugs for epilepsy, phenobarbitone , etc.; drugs for colds and seasickness-anti-histamines; purgatives -aloes , cascar a, senna phenolphthalein (Exlax) ; cough mixtures-codeine, methadone , other opiates; slimming tablets -amphetamines, th yroid ; heart drugs-digit alis' quinidine ; antiseptics-boric acid, iodine, carbolic, Lysol, etc.; anaemia tablets-ferrous sulphate; cosmetics , hair dyes-si lver salts an d aniline derivati ves; cold wave-potassium bromate.

Poisonous Plants- near or in the garden -Foxglove (digitalis) , atropa belladonna (dea dl y night sha de) , laurel, lup in, laburnum (Dr. J ackson's daughter !) , cherry (cyanide) , toadstools , poi on ivy, lark spur , christmas rose daffodil , morning gl ory (seeds) , mistletoe, popp y, primrose, rhododendron > rhubarb leaves (oxalic acid).

NOTE: The great danger of taking the e poison s in error is b y those (elderly or infirm) who have poor sight, or b y children in curio ity or because they look like sweet that they eat (iron tablets look like green "Smarties"). All poisonous substances sho uld be out of reach of children and all drugs safely locked up an d the key well hidden.

National Poisons Information Service

Owing to the frequency of poisoning ca e , a number of National Centre have been set up in hospital s to supply information to doctors in difficult cases of p oisoning-at Guy' Ho pital in London, an d at Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfa t.

Note: Inform ation cannot be given to civilian or First Aiders.

Finally, remember that simp le , apparently harmless things , in large do ses, or even in mall doses taken by the wrong per son, can be poi onou . How many people when tired and looking forward to a good stiff drink , would say if offered water or even a soft drink "Oh, no! Not that poisonous stuff!"

Reprinted by cou rt esy of the Author and Editor of "Fi rst Aid on the Docks ," Jun e, 1966 issue.

OPPORTUNITY

Cadets or Young Members just leaving school who are thinking of taking up Press and Public Relations as a career would be most welcome in the Press and Publlc Relations Section of the Order of St. John. We cover a very wide fi,eld which includes Press releases and facilities for functions at St. John's Gate, Association Competitions and Brigade activities, as well as collecting copy for 36

and editing contributions to the " Review. " It wo uld be valuable experience even if it cured you of the desire to enter this field! The vacancy is, of course, voluntary . Reasonable out of pocket expenses. One or two days a week. Please write to Mrs. H E. D. Richards, Press Officer, 10 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I.

CARNIVAL TIME BESIDE THE SEASIDE

Exmouth Carnival Time. For a number of yea rs th e Exmouth Ambulance Di vis ion has en t e red a fioat in the annual carn i va l an d ha ve always been among th e important prizew inners. Their entry in 1966 was no exception. Its theme was "Th e Glory of Greece ," and th e goc/dess es we re members of the Nursing Cadet Division-A nne Currye r, Diane Snell , Ruth Wi lliam s tInd Linda Jo ys. The setting was designed by Mi ss A. Smith , assisted by A IM s R. Evans , D. Madge , G. Coates, and ot her member of the Ambu lan ce Di vision. A second float was entered this ye ar by th e cadets and represented the " Four Seasons. " Although it did not qualify for an award a loca l newspaper reporter described it as "a cle ve r arrangement of va ri ed sce nery in a limit ed ar ea. " High praise indeed, when it is appreciated what a high standard of exhibits are entered For this float the people largely respon sible were A IMs E. Trout and R. Holman ; alld the cadets taking part were Audrey Mitchell, Karen Squire, Joanna Ro wse ll and Carol Smith. Rich ard T arr Exmouth

NOTTINGHAM FIRST AID UNIT

ottillgham Cit y Area gets new Mobile First Aid Unit. The dedication service was conducted by Canon D. R. Feaver, Vic ar of St. Mary's Church. Not so long ago the City of Nottingham Brigade only had one ambulancetoda) the y are the proud o wners of five, a vis ible sign of the viaour and enthusiasm of our members in the area. The ]\I.[a ) or, Alderman P Holland, in his addr ess at the ceremon) , paid pecial tribute to m emb ers of St. John particularly the YO lll70er ones who, h e said, ' S et a fine example of service to the community.» After the dedication ceremony he presented service medals, badges of appointm ents and promotions and aH ards for safe driving.

L F. Brownlow , Mapperley

THE PATIENT AS THE COMPETITION JUDGE

by a Brigade Surgeon

Who is the best judge of how a casualty is treated? Surely the casualty himself.

For this reason I have often thought that the casualty should also be the judge in a competition. During many years of judging, I have watched the teams rush in and after taking a quick look at the casualty turn their attention to me. They demand relevant details which they could easily ascertain from the card , scene, and setting.

The casualty is usually immediately informed that "we are first aiders" and "not to worry."

He is then left severely alone whilst the team cross-question the judge. This state of affairs has been considerably eased by emphasis on the fact that 10 per cent of marks can be deducted for unnecessary questions. In my opinion few judges do deduct marks for this.

Having exhausted the judge of his knowledge of the affair, if he has been willing to answer their questions, the team turn their attention to the casualty. Now, had there been no judge, the team would have had to give their undivided attention to 1llm. They would have had to rely for their information entirely on the introductory card and the scene and setting of the accident.

In such a situation the patient would be the sole judge of what was going on. Was he handled with care? Did they ask him unnecessary questions? Did they give their undivided attention to him? Did they keep him warm? Did someone accidently tread on his hair or poke a haversack in his ' eye?

The "patient judge" would be in a unique position to leave lasting impressions on the minds of the team. A piercing shriek petrifies both team and spectators alike, as they knocked against his foot with a fractured hip at the top. An unconscious

patient with a mouthful of artificial vomit could choose the most clumsy of the team to spew it all over at the psychological moment.

The "patient judge " would, of necessity, have to be in complete control of his emotions.

It would not do to burst into hysterical la ughter whilst suffering from a fractured skull .

The only way out would be to rapidly change the diagnosis from a fractured skull with bloodstained vomit, to a nose bleed with blood- staine d vomit accompanied by hysteria.

Now that "slapping of faces" an d "buckets of water" have gone out of fashion in the treatment of hysteria, the "patient judge " would be quite safe. He need only expect to be ignored, or at the worst, treated firmly.

There are, of course, cert ain practical disadvantages in having the patient as a judge.

In the first place, he would have to be quite a senior person , either a doctor or a lay instructor.

The wear and tear on such senior member of the Brigade would prob a bly prove dis astrou

The ri sk of having their trousers cut off with scissors an d being got at , by member , who have been waiting for years for such an opportunity, woulCl. be too great. With both hands firmly bound to his sides, he would not be in an ideal po ition to record the marks. We a ll know that the recording of marks after the competition ha for many year been taboo

May I leave you with a thought? Treat the judge as though he is not there. Say what you are thinking about the case out loud , so that the judge and audience can follow your line of thought.

Remember , it is the patient who counts, an d who really is the be st judge.

ANIMAL LESSONS IN HUMAN MEDICINE

Rhesus Monkey. By his blood he is a relation of man and he played a great part in the development of polio vaccine.

Until about 1940, the four human blood groups, 0, A, B, and AB, were thought to be the only ones that had to be taken into account when choosing a donor for a blood transfusion. Yet deaths occurred after blood transfusions for which there was no satisfactory explanation, mostly after a second transfusion, or in pregnant women who had already had one child.

It was then recalled that experiments with the blood of rhesus monkeys might hold the clue to 38

these deaths. When rhesus monkey blood cells are injected into guinea pigs , antibodies are formed against a certain substance contained in these cells. These antibodies are called Rh- a ntibodies and the substance in the blood cells is called the Rh-factor. The Rh-antibodies cause the clumping together of the monkey's blood cells , a reaction which also occurs in human beings possessing the Rh-factor. This factor is present in about 85 per cent of the white races; other races like the North American Indians, Japanese, Chinese and African negroes are 99-100 per cent Rh-positive, that is to say they have the Rh-factor. Those that have not got it are

Extracts from Lord Prior's address-cont. the first time in history, all the recognised Branches of the Order of st. John met together, marched together, and prayed together. I think that there has never been a better example, not only of the ecumenical spirit, but also of the spirit of st. John and of the unifying influence of the great traditions which we have in common.

"This is the beginning of a new triennial period. By tradition, the Order's appointments have always been made for three years, so that it is inevitable that at the end of a triennial period there are some changes. I am taking this opportunity of referring to one very important one-the ch a nge of the Chancellorship. Mr. Horace Parshall is here today making his last appearance as Chancellor of the Order , and I want to say how very much we shall miss him in that capacity and to thank him on behalf of the Order for the wonderful work he has done over a great many years. Our sorrow at his lo ss is, however, mitigate d by the knowledge that as a Bailiff Grand Cross, Mr. Parshall will remain a member of the Chapter-General, and will be availab le to help us when he can. It is also very gratifying to be able to announce that the Gr an d Prior has appointed a very di s tingui shed citizen

of this country, Lord _Caccia, as Chancellor. As you know, Lord Caccia was Head of the Foreign Office and has been British Ambassador in Washington and he is at the moment Provost of Eton.

"I should like to say a word of thanks to the Secretary-General, the Deputy Secretary-General, and to the staff at St. John's Gate and No. 10 Grosvenor Crescent, where the day-to-day work of the Order is done. I should also like to thank the Executive Officers for their help and support.

"I have one last task to perform. I am sure you will agree that it would be nice to give Mr. Par shall some memento of his time in office. We have selected this 'History of Malta ' in two volumes, which also tells the story of the Order. I am going to ask him to receive them , and will read the inscription:

"'Presented to Horace Field Parshall , T.D., M .A. (Oxon), Bailiff Grand Cross of the Order of st. John , Assistant and Deputy Commissioner -inChief, st. John Ambulance Brigade (1950-51), successively Director-General of the st. John Ambulance Association (1961-66) on his retirement from the office of Chancellor_on st. John ' s D ay, 1966. ' "

ST. JOHN HOIJSE IS YOIJR CllJB

Meet ,our frlends tlnd glve ,our ptlrtles t"ere

Fu ll particulars from: The Warden, St. John House, 50 Eaton Place, London, S.W.l Telephone: BELgravia 2732

Animal Lessons in Human Medicine-cont. ca lled Rh-negative. That there sho uld be such a close relation between the serological reaction of ape an d humans is today regarded as weighty evidence that both have evolved from common ancestors.

When a person who is Rh-ne gative recei ves a transfusion with Rh-positi ve blood , Rh-antibod ies are produced but no reaction follows. Only when a secon d similar transfusion is given, from 10 days to several years l ate r, is an often fatal result produced because of the presence of the Rh-antibodies clumping together with the Rh-po itive blood cells inoculated b y transfusion.

If the Rh-antibodies of a mother enter the circulation of an Rh-positive baby, they de stroy its red blood cells, causing a fatal dise ase . It can only be treated by large quantities of Rh-negative blood. There now seems to be some hope that injections with a certain fraction of blood plasma, the anti-D gammaglobulin, may be used as a preventive measure.

39

For this classical research, which has made the name of the rhesus monkey almost a household word, only very few monkeys were needed. But for the prep aration of vaccine against poliomyeliti , many rhesus monkeys are imported from India and Asia to Europe a nd orth America .

The virus can be grown on a large scale on the tissues of rhesus monkey kidneys and as many a 2,000 do es of va ccine can be prep are d from one animal. The virus is then inactivated by formaldehyde , but when given to humans is a ble to stimulate the production of antibodies' after three dose s of the vaccine have been given in a population the incidence of polio is generally re duced to only one-tenth of what it wa before.

The rhe us monkey can also be d angero u s to man since he may carry a virus ca using a mild form of herpes in monkeys , but when these monkeys bite a man , and this has occurred amongst doctors and technicians handling them this irus cause a paral ys is that almost invariably proves fatal.

I

OBITUARY I

c . E. HARRISON

D iv /S up t. C E. Harriso n " R t d. , of 100 / 3 Brickl ayers Arms, d ie d in Guy's Hos p ital after a short illness

D iv / Sup t. C. E. Harrison took his first certificate in 190 7 an d joined t b e Briga d e in 19 10. He was a foun d er member of 100 / 3 in which he occup ied several p ositi on s an d was promoted t o Superinten den t in 1933 on the forma t ion of the C orps, a position he hel d until his r etirement. For his ou tstand ing work he was a d mitted to the Or d er of St. J ohn

Sin ce h e wen t on r ese r ve h e ha d be en in ill health, but b eing th e fighter be was, he met every ob stacle with the same stubb orn ne ss that was typ ical of " Charles", as h e was better known to his d ivision . A man of very few wor d s-blun t, b ut si n cere an d to th e po int, h e was a lways rea d y to h elp anyone at any tim e an d he worke d un ceasingly for his di visio n a nd ind ee d for the Brigad e. At t he ag e of 79 year s h e ha d fo u gh t h is l as t figh t an d p eacefu ll y p ass ed on . H e will l ong b e r emem b ere d with a ffe cti on b y the " b oys" of his d ivision.

THE REVIEW

OF THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN POSTAL

SUBSCRIPTION FORl'1

To the Treasu rer and Accountant , Order of St . John, 10 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W . I.

Please supply / renew * ST JOHN REVIEW commencing with the issue

1 enclose 17/- for 1 year PLEASE NOTE NEW SUBSCRIPTION RATES Name

Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John.

* Delete wh ichever is inapplicable

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

D ear Sir,

r have read the article b y Ben Jarman, the D istrict Training Officer of the West Riding of Yorkshire, which appeared in your J une issue. r ap p la ud the sentiments which Mr. Jarman ex p resses, but r disagree with the method of a chieving the object.

The art of rescue, whe t her it b e from a coal mine, a street acci d ent, from the sea or from mountains, is an art in itself, calling for great skill on the part of the rescuer. Mr. Jarman rightly concedes the qu estion of cost b ut, this question apart, there are other consi d erations which apply Most local authorities maintain an efficient rescue unit, tailored to suit the requirements of their particular area, an d these units are usually in the form of the Fire Briga d e or the Police Service. So far as rescue is concerned , the police, generally speaking, ca n be disregarded . Rescue work throughout the country on the whole appears to be the responsibility of the Fire Service. Special vehicles are eq uippe d and manned by trained personnel of the Fire Service an d statione d at strategic points.

R escue has b een and always wm be largely a matter of common sense, and personal initiative. r well recall an incident several years ago , when r atten d ed a street acci d ent in which a lorry driver ha d b een trapped in his cab in a collision and was wedge d firm between the back of the driver s seat an d the steering wheel. The rescue unit of the Fire Briga d e and the Police Force were on the scene, and they used every effort to free him with hack-saws a nd oxy-acetylene cutting apparatus Then from the b ack of one of the fire appliances appeared one of the most junior members of the Fire Brigade and he suggested that the adjustment on the driver's seat should be used and immediately this was tried the driver was released.

There are certain elementary precautions which can be taken and there are certain basic ideas to any rescue. These r would think are already imp ri n ted on the minds of all St. John members , but in ad dition it must be considered that the specialist eq u ipment now available requires specialist hands to u se it.

So far the local authority units are concerned, they aWait a call to a rescue and they attend the scene with their fixed equipment. If the Brigade should consider equipping itself, it would mean buying vehicles and equipment and having them connected to the 999 network, and would in fact b e a dup lication of the service already provided b y the local authority. rfwe are to have the St. John vehicles patro ll ing the streets looking for trouble, then the object of the exercise will bave b een lost. There may be a dozen different accidents requiring the specialist equipment, but the St. John unit may b e at the other end of the county each time the a ccid ent occurs

(Continued on page 42)

I VISIT SCUT ARI

by Dorothy Bingham-Hall , Somerset County P.R.O . and

Editor " Somerset County Year Book "

The b arracks at Scutari, originally a palace built by Suleyman II (1687-16 9 1), was enlarged by Murat IV and turned into a barracks by Selim III in 1807. Today it is occupied by the army, and it is not open to the public, therefore permission must be obtaine d in advance for a visit to the Nightingale Tower.

To cross the Bosphorus from Istanbul, in. European Turkey, to Scutari, on the coast qf Asiatic Turkey, takes 20 minutes by car ferry, and on landing I went down to the barracks to report my arrival and to meet the officer detailed to accompany me.

r was immensely impressed with the corridors, which are lofty, very wide and incredibly long It was here that the overflow of wounded from the Crimea lay on the floor on mattresses 18 inches apart with the bed numbers chalked on the wall behind them-four miles of beds in all.

The spacious wards leading off the corridors had hospital beds, but today they house the various departments of army administration.

At the end of the long corridor leading to the tower there is a room containing the nucleus of a ightingale library.

It was a moving and inspiring experience to be in Florence ightingale's own room, to sit at her desk, to sign the ightingale Book and to look out of the deeply reces ed windows at ships passing on their way to the Black Sea just as she must have done, when, at the end of the day she would watch ships passing on their way to the Crimea filled with soldier , few of whom would ever return.

How she would have loved this clean, white room, so well cared for these days. What a contrast to the derelict tower of her day which knew her toil and frustration, housed her indomitable will and courage, and gave her some small measure of respite from the daily battle against red tape, intrigue and ignorance; above all how proud she would have been of the high standard achieved by the Turkish nurses of today.

It was interesting to hear that in a few years time there is a possibility of the barracks being a hospital once again.

Soluti o n to Crossword No 33.

Across: 1, Pressure point; 10, Epaulet; 11, Glauber; 12, Otic; 13, Acute; 14, Flea; 17, Almoner; 18, Handsel; 19, Aden oma; 21, A.b.using; 23, Tied; 24, Smell; 26, Scum; 29, Rio.tous; 30, Unction; 31, German measles.

Down: 2, Realism; 3, Salt; 4, Urticaria; 5, Ergot; 6, Oral; 7, Nib b les; 8, Femoral artery; 9, Broa d ligament; 15, Sn o od; 16, Ennui; 18, Head louse; 20, Eyesore; 22, Incline; 25, Ma.s on; 27, Worm; 28 , Ac.u s. 41

ACROSS

1. Cause of pain on breathing and coughing.

9. Blood clot or fat globule blocking an artery.

10. May be complicated by injury to tendons, nerves and blood vessels.

11. Gastric juice is normally.

12. Upset clean surgical treatment of abscess.

13. Flatulence.

16. Alkaloid from ipecacuanha used in treatment of amoebic dysentry .

17. And must upset refuse collector.

18. Renal failure characterised by convulsions, paralysis and coma.

21. Anatomical h :iangle in which femoral artery may be felt.

23. Prepare food for swallowing.

24. Slide of blood or pus for microscopical examination.

25. Staphylococcal infection of tissues surrounding hair follicle.

28. Distended by extravasated blood or lymph.

29. Harmless substance given to sati fy demand for a drug.

30. Felt at a distance from the viscera in which it originates.

DOWN

1. Having headache, loss of appetite, general malai e and an elevated temperature.

2. Competent.

3. With a will.

4. Fracture placed in good position by manipulation.

5. Change of tide is low in salt for oedema.

6. Bone on which one sits.

7. Common tumour containing putty -like mass of fat and epi thelia! cells.

8. Bursitis at school?

14. Their development may show whether a fracture has occurred.

15. Soaps required for long flexor muscle of thigh.

19. Present in breath and urine in diabetic coma.

20. Renal M.O. becomes hospital social worker.

21. As one may be, if hair is caught in machinery.

22 . Pine rot provides nitrogenous material for growth and repair of body.

26. Cheek and lips of asphyxiated patient.

'27. General and l o cal anaesthesia re q uired for fete.

Letters to the Editor-continued

Each rescue is different and any Fire Service officer will tell you that he cannot lay down hard and fast rules. Ask how an injured person shall be rescued from a blazing motor vehicle. I think St. John members could quite well learn the basic elements of rescue, and I am afraid that very often our members do tend to overlook these basic elements when carrying out a rescue. First and foremost, of course, the rescuer should take care that he himself is well protected"from injury. The second thing is that he should see that during the rescue his patient is unlikely to be injured further. Perhaps the best example of this is what is known in the Fire Service as "Jack and Pack" if it becomes necessary to jack a vehicle up to release a person trapped underneath it. Too much reliance should not be placed on the jack itself, but as the jack raises the vehicle, so the vehicle should be packed off the ground with large baulks of wood, so that if the jack does fail the vehicle has only a short distance to fall, and is unlikely to further injure the patient.

The third basic principle to be borne in mind is that as soon as the casualty is rescued, he should receive the best treatment possible in the shortest possible time, and the best treatment is not necessarily that given at the hands of our members. They would probably carry out elaborate first aid _ when the patient could well be halfway to a shock treatment centre by the time the first aid was finished.

I agree entirely that we must do all that we can to retain and expand the interest of our members, with particular 'attention to the younger members, who form the backbone of our organisation. We are all aware of the demands made upon us by the Duke of Edinburgh's award scheme and it appears that we are required to give our expert knowledge and teach the youngsters who are taking part in this very good scheme. But how many of our cadets actually take part for an award of some description? Very few I suggest.

I feel that our aim should be to see that our cadets do take part in the award scheme.

There are many activities in which we can take part and pass on to our cadets and I think that we should concentrate on these activities, rather than to plunge into a field of unknown depth.

It is not my intention to pour cold water on Mr. Jarman's ideas, I agree that every means should be tried to hold the interests of our members, but I think that an excursion into the field of rescue would be very expensive, and in the end we would attain no more than that which we already havecommon sense.

Yours faithfully, D. L. Wi1liams , Divisional Superintendent, Aldridge A.C. Division, Staffordshire

Dear Sir,

The nlain worries facing officers in the Brigade from divisional level to the Commissioner-in-Chief are the loss of members and the recruiting of new ones. Add to this the increased demand for our services, and apathy within the Brigade, and the problems reach enormous proportions.

Whilst not claiming any answer to these problems, I have found the "Review" has been a great help, creating more interest in the Brigade when loaning it out and suggesting members place an order for it. I believe divisions could greatly assist in increased circulation and at the same time stimulate interest in the Brigade by placing orders and retailing to the members through their class nights. (A small commission could assist divisional funds.)

To me the "Review" is an eye opener to members and the general public to the great organisation the Brigade is, the photographs , information, news, etc., certainly conveying more than any talk or lecture can do. It is, I believe , the best visual aid we possess, and I am sure if present readers use it as such, great benefit would be derived, including increased circulation.

May I also respectfully suggest the "Review" could also have a "readers' letters page." Here members could put forward queries, points of view, constructive criticism, reaction to Brigade introductions, etc. Here our senior officers would be able to assist by replying and explaining why, etc.

In Bradford our local evening newspaper , which is second to none, and one of the cheapest in the country, allows its readers to "blow off steam." Replies are given space, which result s in its readers gaining knowledge and in many cases help, in problems which would otherwise remain un so lved.

I realise this would lead to more work being placed on your staff and abridgement would be necessary, but I am sure great benefit to the Brigade and personal interest would follow 16, Kingsdale Drive, Bradford 2, Yorks.

Yours faithfully, C. F. Evans

42

P.S. As I am Div. Officer / Secretary in the Bradford Tramways Ambulance Division,the views I express are mine. Hence my reason _fo(not using official Brigade notepaper.

Ed.-TheSt. John "Review" isanopenforum in which readers and contributors are free to f/xpress their personal opinions. The only censorship exercised is if these are highly offensive - in which case the Editor reserves the right to tone-them-down while still bringing to light any controversial subject or criticism. The lack, so far, of a Readers' Letters Page is due to the fact that the only ones received ask" Why is the magazine late?"

WHY I WISH TO REMAIN IN THE BRIGADE

Dear Sir,

The two letters published in the "Review" under the titles "Why I joined the Brigade" and "Why I left the Brigade" have made very interesting reading, so perhaps this letter under a further different heading may be of interest to readers. Like Mr. T. W. Bulpitt, I also have 28 years' service to my credit, a lthough I h ave n t attained the dizzy pinnacle of a County Staff Officer. The highest I have achieved is Div. Supt. Unlike Mr. Bulpitt, I am dreading the day that I will be informed that having reached the age limit, I will have to be placed on the retired li s t. I h ave enjoyed every minute of my service for the Order , both in the matter of Bri ga de and Association work, especially during the last nine years since I retired from the Civil Service During my retirement my St. John work has been my main interest in life and has kept me active, healthy and, last but not least, happy It is a lways a privile ge and pleasure to assist my less fortunate brother s and, far from surrendering thi s privilege becau se of the inception of the ational Health Act, my own personal feeling is

Dear Sir , Having myself left the Brigade , and returned, perhap s I might be allowed to a nswer Mr. Bulpitt 's letter in the April issue of the "Review " I believe he is quite wrong in his belief that voluntary work is dying. At no time in history has there been so much voluntary work in this country as now. The apparent shortage of workers is caused by the ever-increasing number of voluntary organisations competing for the available help.

If Mr. BUlpitt really thinks the Briga de was dealt a body blow by the National Health Act, he does not know how lucky he is. In this area, calls on our services have increased by leaps and bounds since then , and I think that is general throughout England .

Of course , there are people who object to any form of voluntary service. But if they do anything for nothing themselves they can hardly blame us. And if they don't, if they are purely selfish, we can surely find better examples to follow.

So the G.B.P. are not interested and think we

NOTE-G.B.P. stands for the Great British Public.

that we should all do our utmost to keep voluntary organisations active To act as Mr. Bulpitt has done is only to assist in their ultimate demi se One must always remember that our Order is something more than just a collection of trained first-aiders. It is a Christian Order given to works of charity and I would like to quote the words of our Divine Lord Himself when He said to the Apostles: "A cup of water given in my name will not gounrewarded," and again: "As often as you do these things to the least of my brethren you do them also to me." Surely this is the correct outlook for those of us who are privileged to wear our honoured Brigade up-iform ? My own prayer after every St. John duty is: " Lord, I thank Thee for this opportunity of once again being able to be of service to my less fortunate brothers and I thank Thee for my own good health which has enabled me to undertake it."

In this way one is endeavouring to live up to the two mottoes of the Order: Pro Fide and Pro Utilitate HOlninum.

Yours faithfully,' Chas . A. J. Wild are paid for our work! Well it 's nice to know that we in the Brigade are not the only ones who can make mistakes.

I agree that we are too heavily taxed. In m y opinion that is the prime cause of Britain's present difficulties , but what has that to do with the kid knocked down by a skidding car at the races? Or his sister, kicked by a horse at the gymkhana?

"Ladder inboard, Jack "? Who do you think yo u are kidding, Sir? The chap to whom that phrase comes naturally does not join st. John in the first place.

If you are still not convinced that you should come back , there are over a million and a half good reasons for doing so. They are the casualties in Britain every year who need our help. So why not stop feeling half dressed and get that eight-pointed cross back in your lapel.

Yours faithfully, W. Ashcroft , Sgt., Ware Division, Herts.

FRONTISPIECE: .

Miss Joan Marrow, Richmond Nursing Division, giving first aid to Life Sa ve r John Doubell, when he cut his foot badly duril/g a water safety and life-saving demonstration h eld at P ete rsham this year.

Apart from stressing the importance of knowing life-saving and first -aid techniques, this campaign highlights the dang ers of litter. John, who was taken to hospital later, illustrated only too dramatically what happens wh en broken glass is left around. It is hoped that the crowds who saw these demonstrations will take h ee d of this unfortunate lesson.

Richmond & Twickenb arn Times..

WHY I JOINED THE BRIGADE

During 1947 I was called up to do my National Service and being a member of our local rifle club I naturally asked to be placed in a rifle company, but as the old music hall jokes tell us, this never works. I ended up in the Medical Corps.

This started my interest in first aid and injured people in general. My National Service completed, I came home and, like any other lad might do, I cast my eyes around and found several girls to date.

On one particular Monday evening I made a date and, as sometimes happens, this girl did not show up. I waited for an hour in the freezing cold, and during this hour I started to think. What a waste of time this was. Surely there was something I could do that would be of much more use to society than standing on street corners waiting for girls.

I made up my mind and caught a bus to the local ambulance _ station and they told me where the St. John Ambulance Brigade held their me.etings. I went along that evening and have been going every Monday since. That was 16 years ago. I met my wife at one of our first-aid lectures for the public and we now have a son and daughter who, we hope, will follow -in our footsteps. We both try to publicise the Brigade as much as possible because we think that a "little knowledge", as far as first aid is concerned, is a very good thing.

A. W. Osborne, Hoddesdon Combined Division.

ST. JOHN STAGE CLIFF DRAMA

Report from "Express and Echo," Exeter, Devon

A display of how to rescue, with the aid of the Neil Robertson stretcher and ropes, a patient injured and trapped on the cliff face was given by an Exmouth St. John Ambulance squad at Orcombe Point.

Two young men, Mr. E. Trout and Mr. Tucker, were supposed to have been cliff climbing when Mr. Trout slipped and fractured his skull, high up on the cliff side. As Mr. Tucker climbed down to go for assistance he was supposed to have fallen over the cliff edge and broken both legs and some ribs.

Owing to the rising tide, prompt first aid was required, and while this was being given by part of the squad the remainder were directed to climb to the second patient and prepare him for his ride in the stretcher. Under the direction of Ambulance Member G. Coates (leader) this was carried out efficiently, the rope slide being first' class.

Other members of the team were: R. Holman, A. Fitzpatrick, M. Wood, D. Brittany, K. Jones, and C. Sparks. A commentary was given to a very large crowd by R. Evans, _ and the exercise was arranged by Supt. S. Nicholsen.

44

I was always interested in first aid, but did not take an examination until one day I saw a notice on the wall at work asking for people to learn it, and so I went to first-aid classes and passed my first exam.

Later I joined the Brigade in 1945 and this turned out to be the start of the finest hobby I have ever tackled.

After a couple of years I was asked to become the Cadet Superintendent for Hoddesdon Cadet Division. I soon found this job to be really worthwhile, and through the years many of my cadets have joined the adult ranks which makes me very proud and makes me believe more than ever that I did the right thing in joining the Brigade. In fact, two-thirds of Hoddesdon Adult Division are my old cadets today.

This knowledge has also helped me at my work, I have made new friends through knowing just what to do in a first-aid emergency.

R. Green , Div. j Supt., Hoddesdon Combined A & N Cadet Division.

BOOKSHELF

MEDICAL HISTORY OF MALTA

by Paul Cassar

A publication of the Wellcome Historical Medical Li brary in London, which may be of interest to readers , is the "Medical History of Malta" by Paul Cassar. The author has delved deeply into the archives, largely unpubli she d , of the Royal Malta Library and the Medical and Health Department and has supplemented them with frequent extracts from journals , di aries and letters of visitors to the island through the centuries, thus showing the medical history of Malta as a vital force in the general history of the island . Needless to say, Dr. Cassar makes more than just a passing reference to the Order of St. John, for it was under its rule from 1530 to 1798 that medical organisation probably reached its peak. Moreover, as the Order's records have been preserved intact, the author has been able to present an extraordinarily comprehensive and vivid picture of the administration of a mediaeval hospital and the medical care that was available there. This is a subject which has hitherto attracted the attention of few historians. The book , published last year, costs two pounds , fifteen shillings. This may seem rather expensive, but there is a copy in the Order 's Library at St. John's Gate , which may be consulted OR request.

Helena Nicholls, Curator, Library and Museum, O.St.J. - St. John's Gate, E.C.1

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

Advertisements with remittance should be sent to The Advertisement De/J.t., The St. John Review, 10 Gro sve nor Cr esce nt , London, S. W.J (to which addr ess replies to Box Numbers should be jorwardecf). Rate 9d. per word, minimum lOs. Box numb ers 2/6 extra. Trade adverttsements 1/ - p e r word, minimum 15/-.

ASSISTANT COUNTY SECRETARY (female) required for administrative, clerical, and typing duties at the St. John Ambulance Bri.gade, Hampshire County Headqua"0-ers The post is residential. Salary according to qualifica tlOns. Five-day week. Three weeks ' annual leave should be between 25 and 45 years of age. ill writing , giving details of experience, age, and salary reqUlred to: The County Secretary, S.J.A.B., County Headquarters, 6 Upper High Street, Winchester, Hants.

FOR SALE

ADVERTISING PENCILS, Superb Ball Pens, Com?s, Brushes, etc., gold-stamped with Brigade name, ra.lse funds quickly, easily. Repeat orders assured Details: Northern Novelties, Bradford, 2

CHILDREN'S CHRISTMAS PARTIES. ALL REQUJREME TS SUPPLIED. TOYS, GAMES , FA CY GOODS, CARNIVAL HATS. OVELTIES BALLOONS , ETC.ALSO supp liers of TROPHY CUPS , PLAQUES, MEDALS, TOMBOLA BOOKS. ALL AT WHOLESALE PRICE S. Send for illustrated 64-page catalogue. Contains a host of i nformation, including FUND-RAISING SCHEMES. Larges t sup pliers in Great Brit ain. SAVE POUNDS from swr NE RTO S LTD. , Dept. R.O ., Union Street, Waisali.

FUND RAISING? Ball Pens are used by everyone. We supply Platignum, national1y known makes at reduced wholesale prices to organisations Your Group title, or other wording can be die stamped on each pen in Silver or Gold as required. Pen cases are available in various colours. Excellent profit (over 50 % on cost) with ful1 guarantee plus quick delivery extended Details and samples forwarded on request. Thompson & Robinson Ltd., 20 Churchfield Road, London , W.3 Tel. : ACOrn 8770.

SJ.A.B. BADGE Wall Shields, 32s. 6d S.J A.B. Gold cased crested Cuff Links, 52s. 6d. Trophy Shields supplied Men's White Nylon Gloves, 14s 6d. Medal ribbon Is. 3d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniforms , 1 . 3d. each ribbon if mounted on pin brooch. Medals mounted, miniatures quoted for. Stamp for leaflets. - MONTAGUE JEFFERY, Outfitter , St. Giles Street , Northampton.

GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS AND TRAINING SCHEMES

MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON E.C.I

Vacancies exist for STATE ENROLLED NURSES to enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing. Twelve months' course, of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing.

Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board Opportunities for promotion and practical responsibility in the specialist field of nursing Apply to Matron. Commander of the Order of St John. Moorfields Eye Hospital.

CLASSIFIEDS-Continued 011 page 46. 45

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Springfield Hospital possesses a small number of vacancies on the Women s Wards for WARD SISTERS, CHARGE NURSES, STAFF NURSES, STUDENT NURSES & NURSING ASSISTANTS, men or women, possessing a good educational background and suitable personality for Psychiatric Nursing. The Hospital is situated within easy reach of Central London and stands in its own extensive parkland

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DEPUTY MATRON required at ALDWICK HOUSE, Bognor Regisa plea sa nt Home near the sea for 17 elderly men and women. Genuine intere st in care of elderly more important than previou s experience . Good prospe cts f or promotion.

Sa lary Scale: £685-£825 per annum, less £156 for residential emoluments. Single bed-sitting ' room provided. Additional pa yment of £50 per annum for recogni sed nursing qualification.

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MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l

Ophthalmic Student Nurses

Candidates accepted at the age of 16 to commence an 18 months course of training as Ophthalmic Students. Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped School of Nursing. Successful candidates , on completion may enter the General Training School of their choice Comfortable Nurses' Home in Kensington within easy reach of the Albert Hall, Vict@ria and Albert Museum and Theatres Court Act ive Social Gub

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THE UNREMEMBERED

Remembrance Day. The Nation honours her dead of two world wars with gratitude and pride. We remember, too, with thankfulness, the end of fighting in World War r.

There is no Armistice in the War on Want.

We in the richer W est have vanquished the most acute forms of need. Throughout the "hungry half" of the world peasant populations fight on , defenceless and unarmed without our help.

Fighting beside them in the front line are Doctors, Nurses , Nutritionists, Teachers , Agriculturalists and Technicians. It is they who must lead the peoples of the developing world to Victory over Want.

We spared no sacrifice to defeat our human enemies. The inhuman enemies of man , hunger, disease, ignorance and poverty threatens us all.

The growing gap between Haves and Havenots must be bridged if we value freedom and peace.

You can help to bridge the gap. Don ' t let these fighters against World Poverty go unremembered. Please spare all you can to give them the essential armaments of peace.

Every donation, great or small, gratefully received and forwarded to areas of great need without a penny deduction.

Han. Treasurer:

Rt. Hon James Griffiths, P.C., C.H., M.P.

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PLAZA THEATRE

Piccadilly Circus , London, S.W .1

Thursday , 20 October 1966

SIR STEWART AND LADY DUKE-ELDER (Sir Stewart is a Hospitaller 0/ the Order 0/ St. Joh n Ophthalmic Hospital , Jerusalem) at the charity peljormance.

BRENDA BRUCE A D RO Y RI CH at the Ga la Premiere. So jar , over £3, 000 ha s been rai sed.

EXT RA CT FROM H. M. THE KING OF JORDAN 'S SPE ECH AT THE STA TE BANQUET, TUESDAY, JULY 19 , 1966

"Without dwelling at any length on the cultural and other contri b utions which your country has shared with mine, I shoul d like to single out one institution, of which Your Majesty is the gracious head, which symbolises for us the quality of your

12 country. I am referring to the Ophth almic Hospital of the Order of St. John of Jeru salem. Its roots go back deep into our common hi story, and today it is rendering a unique and invaluable medical service throughout the Arab World."

all through the Middle East. Those whose eyes have been re stored there know about it and struggle to come to it from the remotest part s of Syria and Arabia , and Iran and Ir a q They know that, if they can get to Jeru salem-just as in the old days of the Knights of St. John- there is hope that they might be healed, be made to see again.

ST. JOHN OPHT HALM IC HOSPITA L, JERU SALEM

by Wyn/ord Vaughan-Thomas

1 m a com.mentator. I'm one of the lu cky people who earn their living by going to exciting events and de cri bing them a they happen . One li tener wr ote to me an d aid:' You commentator are our eye at all the great ceremonie.' That' indeed what we are-the eye of the public. But , until the other d ay I took the eye part of my life for granted . It would alway be there- I cou ldn 't picture what would happen if one wa n't able to u e one' eye.

But a few day b a ck I fOlllld my elf in Jeru a lem. Jeru alem in the late pring , when the fragile flower of Pale tine were till carpeting the field , an d thi profoundly moving city- honey-coloured walls , glittering dome , dark cypre e, every stone with hi tory written on it-looked it be t. What the eye aw tirred the heart. And I again wa taking it for granted that my eye would ee.

Until I drove out of the old city northward through the uburb to a fine, modern building, one of the be t of the modern building I've seen in the Middle East-an d over it flew a flag carrying a symbol that we all know an d re pect in Brit ain, the ero s of St. John. I'd come to the St. John 's Ophthalmic Hospital. It 's not li ted a one of the touri t sight of the Holy Land (although perhap it shou ld be). Everyone in Jeru salem , or indeed throughout the Middle Ea t knows it's there. You've only got to say "I'm going to St. John's " and your dri ver treats you with extra attention. "Y ou are going to see the Father of Eyes," he might add. For in the half century during which this hospital and its predecessors have been in being, it ha built up a reputation that now runs 13

I sat with the doctor s in the out -patients department. It was at once a heart -bre aking and yet profoundly heartening experience. On one si de you h a d the hundreds of p atients, in a fantastic variety of clothes an d headgear-robes , fezes, turbans, yashmaks - old men su pported b y their sons who could see, boys carried b y their anxious fathers who may have been d ays on the journey in from the desert. On the other si de a group of white -coated young d octors, ded icated, understanding, highly qualified-for there is a constant flow of doctors who want to enlarge their experience in this hospital. The father of little Selim, age d seven, put him down , in front of the doctor. The interpreter t a lked with the father , an d then told the doctor , "He says he knows you will cure him. " The diagnois in this case-tracoma , a most blinding and prevalent disease. In some areas in the tropics and in the d e ert lands over 80 per cent of the inhabitants are affected. And it has been partly through the re earch , begun at this great hospital of St. John at Jerusalem , that tracoma has become a rare di sease in the Jordan and Lebanon-the frontier of d arknes , as it were, is being pushed back. Selim was lUCky. He could be cured. He sat there smiling at me and with his hand in hi father's hand as the interpreter explained about the treatment-free treatment for the hospital de al with the poor the needy and turns no one away if it ha room for them. L a t year it dealt with over 36 000 new cases.

All morning I watched them pour in. I aw mothers who were in d anger of losing their eyes , with the whole of their family with them , anxiou ly watching for the doctor verdict-and farmer who , if the ho pital hadn't been there, would have een their world lowly going dark aroun d th emall imple people who had to work hard-and who knew omehow , that at st. John 's wa hope for them.

Help. It is the ort of help we can be proud of in Brit ain-here i something that we ha e created which must go on. For , of cour e the whole hospital a nd all the help it gives to training nurses , an d in piring field workers in the lonely villagesthe thousands of ca es it has to treat every year-all depends on voluntary contributions. The money ha to come from people in this country. People who can feel as I did when I walked out into the sun again and could now realise how precious is this gift of sight-profoundly thankful that I can still see-and anxious to help those who are in danger of their world going dark. I'm sure you will want to help.

Text of B.B.C.'s "Week's Good Cause", April 1966.

MR. AND MRS. SID JAMES p Le Ph otos Ltd.

THE MARQUIS O F TAVISTOCK AND MR. AND MRS. DAVID SI EFF.

MICHAEL McSTAY AND JE CLULOW. JFER

CROYDON CENTRE S.J.A.A .

FIFTH ANNUAL OPEN FIRST AID COMPETITIONS

THE R UNNERS -UP Troph y was presented to the South Eastern Gas Board team, runners -up in the championship trophy, by the Lady Ma yoress, Mr s Morri s West Team: W Murph y, G. Paul, J. CaLiingham , J. T. Hartfield, and reserve H. Jones.

MRS. PUCKET-MONEY , known to many readers as eN) Suss ex, presenting th e of Croydon , " z " Di visio n Metropolitan with the trophy she donat ed thi s ye ar to the t ea m wl7.1ch handled the casualties with th e gre atest care.

Mrs Puck e t-Money is Vice-Pr esident of the Cro y don S.J.A.A Centre.

LIEOTE A T-G E RAL SIR ALEXANDER DRUMMOND , D eputy Dir ec tor-Gen e ral S.J.A .A., presenting th e Co ze ns-Hardy Troph y to Dr. B Gilb e rt of the Oldham Cen tr e S.J.A.A. , Lan cas hire It is the A ssoc iati on's hig h es t a ward of m e rit Th e pr ese ntation was att ended by the Ma yo r oj P res ton , Cou n cillor Jo seph H olden, J.P ., and the Pr es ident oj th e St J ohn Council for Lan ca hir e, Th e Lord CozensHardy.

THE PRESID E NT of th e Croydon S.J.A.A. Centre, Hi s Worsh ip the Mayor of Croydon , COlln cilLor Morris West pr esenting the D. H. Burnham t o the Metropolitan Poli ce " z " Di vis ion w.ho won the Centre's annual open Flrst Ald Comp e tition. Thi s l ea m also won the new trophy, th e Puck e t Cup for the most careful handling of th e casualties. Team: P.C .s G. W. Edwards, R. Phillip so n J. P. Pat e rson , D. Tide y, and rese rve T. Constable.

J o hn W a r b urt on

( S ee repO/:t on page 17 )

CROYDON'S GENTLEST

, Z Divi i on Metr o p olitan Police te am, in a ddition to becoming Cro ydon top first-aider 1966 were awar ded the cup (Pucket Trophy , competed for for the fir t time) for the gentle t h a ndling of the 'i njured " at the Fifth Open St. John Ambulance A ociation , Croydon Centre Fir t Aid Competition held a t the Southern Command Fire Bri ga de H.Q.

Member of the team were: P.C .s G. W . Edward , R. Phillip on, J. P. Pater on, and D. Tide y, with P.C T. Con table as re erve.

Hi s Wor hip the Mayor of Croydon (accomp a nied by the M ayoress) attended the competition a nd pre se nted the Ch a mpion hip Trophy , the W H. Burnh a m Trophy a nd the Runner -up Trophy-the Cro y don Centre Challenge Cup - to the South Ea tern Ga Board team: W. Murphy , G . Paul , J. C a llingham, J. T. Hartfield , and H. Jones, who acted as reserve . The three casualties , whose injurie ranged from a broken thigh, a gory head and hand wound to concussion , were portr ay ed by mem b ers of Casualties Union from London , Beckenham and Cranleigh.

17

CITIZENS

The te t were judged b y Dr. Angu Scott , M.a. of Phillips· Dr. P . S. Bo ffa (a Di vi ional Sur geon of the St. John Ambulance Briga de ) an d Mr. J D Horne , S.R . . Assistant Itu si ng Officer S.W . Area S.J.A B.

Mr. Pucket- Mone y donor of the Pucket Trophy Vice-Pre ident of the Centre an d C o un ty Superintendent ( ) of Sus e pre ented her trophy. Although gentle handling of ca ualtie s i taken into consideration in a ll competitions, thi i the firs t time that a peci a l awar d ha been made for t hi important aspect of fir t ai d.

The Centre Secretary, Mrs. F. D. Shorter a nd Mr. R. Rand a ll Stephen s, C ompetition Secreta r y, were respon ible for organi ing the event.

Comm a nder Lloyd O.B.E. , He a d of the Southern Command Fire Bri ga de a nd Ch a irm a n of the Competition Committee , pre ided.

Owing to an un avo id a ble change of date for the Brig a de Training Day the onl y l a die team No. 13 (Croydon) ursing Divi ion , S.J. .B were unable to compete. The other two te a m t aking part represented the Cro y don G P O. and Civil Defence Corp

"FRAN KI E" DAVIE - SMITH

An App reciat ion by The Superintendent - in - Ch ief, Mar j or ie , Countess of Bre ck nock

Frankie Da vie -Smith's de a th on October 12, 19 66, came as a sad blo w to the Ord er of St. John and its Foundations in th e Cari bbean and North Atlantic as well as to her many friends in that part of the world. It is indeed hard to realise that that vivacious and cheerful personality will no longer be going round encouraging all and sundry to join in her enthusiasm in the work of St. John.

When in 1951 the then Commissioner -in -Chief, the late Sir Otto Lund, and I visited the West Indies we decided that it was essential to have one or more organisers to establish and develop the work of St. John out there and Frankie was one of the first to app l y for the job. The war had not treated her kindly Her husband, Paymaster Commander J E Davie-Smith, was killed besi d e her by a bomb in Gibraltar and she herself was buried in the debris for many hours and injured. However , with her usual courage and buoyancy , she joined the W R N S. as soon as she recovere d and served on Lord Mountbatten 's staff in S.E.A.C. When the war was over she turned to Welfare work an d was in Germany with the Y.W .C. A ./C. V.W.W. from 1947 to 1951.

Lad y Mountbatten , having first-hand knowle d ge of the fine and efficient work she had done in the Far East, 18

had no hesitation in strongly recommending her appointment as St. John Headquarters Officer in the Caribbean and North Atlantic . After a period of training at home she went off to Trinidad in February 1952, and from then on dedicated the re t of her life to the work of St. John Her energy and infectiou enthu ia m in pi red all those with whom she came in contact, even if at time they found it exhausting to keep pace with her an d they were prepared to give of their be t to tr and help her achieve her ambition for the e pan ion of the work of S1. John Some measure of her succe Jie in the fact that in 1951 the Brigade wa e tablished onl in Be rmu d a, Jamaica , and Barb a do with the A ociation struggling in one or two other place , wherea now both are flourishing in at least 15 i l and a nd in Gu a n a an d starting in British Honduras.

During her 15 years in the Caribbean Frankie played an active pali in organi ing relief work in no less than five major hurricanes She went to Grenada and Carriacou after " Janet " had hit them, to Anguilla after " Donn a" had struck and organi ed relief wo rk in l. Vincent after " Edith ," and in the British Honduras after " H attie." But probably her most pectacular effort wa when " Flora ' devastated Tobago in eptember 1963. She led the Advance P arty w hich arrived by boat in uch rough seas that they were obliged to climb down the si d e of the rolling ship on rope ladders and be landed by lifeboat. The work which she and the team who joined her later did du ring the following two week earned a special commendation from the GovemorGeneral.

Unfortuna tely in May 1964 Frankie wa invol ve d in a bad accident when she wa knocked down by a motor car an d suffered very serious injurie from wh ich it took her nearly a year to recover. The man y anxiou enquiries and good wishes for her recovery must ha ve been a touching proof to her of her popularity, comi ng as they did , from people in all walks of life

When I again visited the West Indies early thi year she accompa nied me on nearly the whole of a prett y strenuous tour. I often begged her to take time off a nd rest, but she, of course, refused, a nd always eemed to be in excellent spirits I was tremendously impres ed a nd indeed inspired by the really genuine and touching affection with which she was received everywhere especially by people who had not seen her ince her accident.

A few weeks after I had said goodbye to her in Antigua she became ill and soon we received the distr e sing news that her illness was incurable.

Frankie had no li vi ng relation s, but he r loss will be widely and deepl y mourned by the large " family " of friends whose affection and respect she had won through her unselfish and sympathetic nature , her unquenchable gaiety and her dedication to her work a nd ideals.

She was admitted to the Order as a Serving Sister in 1954, promoted to Officer in 1956 and to Commander in 1964, an honour of which she was very appTeciative and immensely proud. By her death St Joh n has 10 t a devoted and inspired member who really did give the last years of her life to the Service of Mankind but who, I believe, derived great happiness and satisfaction from doing so.

CPT. P. J B DRURY-LOW pr ese nt ed Area Commissioner R Scotl with his Warrant of Appointment at the annlla l Area ( .C. B .) I/I p ect ioll h e ld at the Coalite port Field B o l opel', D erbys hi re. O l er J (adults alld cadets) were 011 parade r epresell tlllg 60 DIPI SIOJl While welcoJl1iJlg lv!r. cott as a n ew Area COl17mi s iOller, there was a 11I0l17 e Jlt oj regret as it 01 0 mark ed the r et ir em ellt oj Mr. B. K e Jldal1 who had beell Area Comlllis iOller siJlce 1957.

D erby hire Time

19 D I S MRS. 1. S. BURTO ,Chipp en ham (N.C ) Di vision, re ceives th e second bar to her serv ice medal from Co lon e l J. Irvine, Assistant Director Medical Services, 3rd Di vision, at their annual inspection held at COI's ham, Wiltshire.

Wiltshire Newspapers

CPT. P J. B. DRURY-LOWE, Commissioner for D e rb ys hire preseJits the seventh bar to his sen 'ice medal to Mr. W. Ki/chelle,. who joilled the Bri aade as a member of the old Hasland Division in 1915. 11'. Kitchener was an engine dri ve r for 40 years and also holds the B rirish Railwa y s aold medal and fOllr bars. He H as made Sening Brother of the Order of St. J ol711 in 1942 in recogniTion oj his 10Jig and devoted service

Derbysh ire Time

NURSING CADET MARGARET McKINNIE, S S.

T we l ve -year-old Margaret rece i ved em immediate Meritorious Service Certificate in recognition of her heroic action in attending a yo uth , badly injured in a street gang battle in Birchfield Birmingham. Her H eadmaster , Mr. John Boggan, paid this tribute to Margaret in front of the whole school:

" Your action is an example to us all. You ignored the chaos and confusion to help someone in need. We ar e all ve ry proud of y ou."

Picture shows Margaret cleaning up her uniform after the incident which was a ve ry bloody affair.

Extract from a letter from Nu rs ing Cadet L) nne Jones , Hal esowen N. C. Division Worces1ershire to her Aunt in Evesham.

"I was walking home from chool; waiting for Mum to meet me, when I happened to gl a nce back up the road, and, all of a sudden I aw a bundle of clothes fall on the road , 0 I tried to flag the lorry down , thinking it had dropped them but the dri ver didn t stop. When I looked carefully up the road again I saw the bundle of clothes move 0 then realised thatit was a woman, so I r a n and her.

"She was bleeding quite badly from the elbow and when I talked to her , she said that her leg hurt so I examined her, and thought s he had a fractured ?eck of the so I asked the crowd of people if .they had anythmg they could tie her le g together wlth A woman gave me a pla st ic rain hat , 0 I made do WIth that.

"I looked at her mouth , and she was spittin g out blood, so my first thought was that she had jntern a J injuries, but she soon told me that she had knocked one of her teeth out, so that was a relief.

"I wrapped her elbow with one of the clean hankies I found in her pinny pocket , but it was hard to get any sense out of her (she was elderly). She was very hysterical and was very badly shocked. I told one man to 'phone for the doctor and an ambulance and the police. They were very quick. I got one other man to get an overall to rest the lady's head on.

"I was rather mad with the people , standing rou,nd, though, for they were all talking about the aCCIdent, but nobody was helping me, and I was the only person that knew any first aid."

PERSONALITIES

MRS. Rf HARD CAVENDISH pi c tur ed outside Bu ck ing ham Palace after receiving her M.B,£, from H e r Majesty th e Qu een in recog niti on of h er se r vices to th e

St. John Ambulance Brigade at hom e and overseas.

Mrs. Cave ndis h joined th e B rigade in Kenya in 1938 and became Dis tri ct Superintendent. In 1953 s he was appointed Di trict Superintendent, London (Prince of Wa les's) Distr ict, a post Ivhich she held for lI ear ly tell y ears. She is nolV Staff Officer to the Superintendent-in-Chief at B rigade Headqllarters. Her particlilar intere ts are in activ iti es connected lVilh Ihe lVe lfare of handicapped and e lder ly peop le.

J ohn W arbun o n

New Deputy Commissioner, London (Prince of Wales's) District

MR. DEREK FE TO enrolled with the Ealing Ambulance Cadet Division in March, 1937, and lVas transferred to the Ealing Ambu la nce Di vi ion in D ecember, 1938. Mr. Fenton II as made Di visio nal Secretary in May, 1946, Sergeant in March, 1948, Di vis ional Officer in February 1952, and Superintendent in Febrllar), 1956. B y September, 1959, he had been transferred to Distri ct Headquarters and been appointed Distric t Staff Officer. In NIay 1960, he also became Public Duty Officer for the District beina responsible for organisiJ/g first -aid coverage for all national eve nts in London such as H.R.H. The Princ ess lVfargaret and Prin cess Alexandra's weddings; the opening of Parliament; State vi its and the bigaest COl eraae of all, for Sir Winston Chllrchill's fllneral. Quit e apart from the enormo lls administrative task in co-o rdinating the route linin a fir t-aid posts and mobile IInits dillies, this position involved tile close t possible liaison lVith the police to ensur e that adequate arrangements were made. In recognition of his sen ice to the Brigade and the commllnity h e H as admitted a a S ervi ng Broth er to the Order of St. Johll ill 1956 and promoted to the Grade of Officer Broth er ill 1962. Appointed District Commissioner in April, 1966.

Birmingham Post & Mail

LYNNE JONES, Hale sowen Nursing Cadet Di vis ion , Worcestershire.

LIEUTENA T-COLO E L ARTHUR GORING, Ass ista nt Commissioner-in-Chi ef ; TJresenting a go ld wa t ch to Mr. J R. C llllen in recog nition of his many y ea rs serv i ce for th e Brigade. The presentation was made af thi s ye ar 's No rth Noltinghamshire Area P a rade h e ld at Edw in stowe. Area Co mmissio ner O. T. Storrs commanded th e parade.

"Balls of Flame" Burn Five-Restaurant Explosion

Report from Guernsey "Evening Pr ess and Star," August 20 , 1966 issue.

A mystery explosion rocked the Steak and Stilton Restaurant, at The Quay, St. Peter Port , late las t night. Five people were taken to hospital with burn s to the face or hands.

Those injured in the explosion l a ter spoke of hearing a bang and then seeing balls of flame shooting in all direction s

The St. John Ambulance Brigade recei ve d the call to the Steak and Stilton at 11.24 p.m. and they arriveq there lo t minutes later. There was considerable criticism from members of the public who were at the scene of the accident , concerning the delay in the Brigade 's response to this call

Reasons for Delay

The "Evening Press " has been informed by the officer in charge that at that particular time the ambulance staff and vehicles were completely occupied in dealing with no fewer than four calls , including the accident at the restaurant , which in all cases necessitated patients being removed to hospital. .

On top of all that, the ambulance diverted to the Steak and Stilton developed mechanical failure, which caused some minutes delay-before it could be restarted. In face of these difficulties , lO t minutes' delay was unavoidable.

This report was sent in by A.S.O. K. S. CollierSomerset, with the following comment:

"For the record I would like to say that I with 22

other Ea tern Area Officer wa fir t on the cene after the ex pl osion had taken pJace. 0 o n e wa making any attempt to treat the i nju re d' we explained that we were S.J.A.B. mem be r and we asked if there wa a fir t-aid kit at hand. There not be ing any, we requested clean cloths. Tablecloth were produced which we rippe d up t o u e a dre ssings

The loca l fire service arrive d toward the l atter stage of the treatment of the injur ed and a sj ted us with their first-aid kit.

SpeCial Praise

The names of tbe officer who were in vo l ved are: Mrs. V. Antell, S.R.N. Frome Nuring Cadets; Mr. J. Ro se , Tim bury Ambulance and Nursing Cadets and Mr. D Roger s, Clutton , County Staff Officer (Camping).

Regarding the lady officers , their calmness a nd treatment of the injured quickl y restored confidence to them and was in the finest tradition of the Order.

I feel I must give speci a l pr aise to Mr s. Antell's husband , who, although not tr aine d in first aid, did an excellent job under difficult condition s, in keeping the 'public away from the injured while we rendered first aid.

The five people injured were suffering from burns to their faces, backs, and hands."

NEW HEADQUARTERS

L DY BR lTHW IT E ( repr ese nting th e St John COlln cil in Surr ey) op en ed th e n e)\l H ea dqllan e rs of th e Ha le m ere Diri io n in W e)' Hill Rig ht t o L eft : D j V. lVil cox {h

R ei. W C

oks ( R

d edicati o n ce re m o ny ) frs Railing, Pr es ident , Ha le m ere lIr II1g DI VISion, Commi ss ion er f or SlIrr ey, Brig ad ier E. E. R ead and Dr C. R R o lston (Pr es ident , Ha s lem e re A mbulan ce Di l' is ion).

th

G T. Franck e

H erefo r d T ime 23

NE W ST. JOH H E ADQ UA RT ERS in Ay lesbury. Th e Bish. op of Bu cking ham , th e Rig ht R eve rend J C. C. Pepys,

con d uc t ed th e S er vice of D edicati on of the new O rder,

A ssoc iati on and Brig ade H eadq ua rt ers fo r B uc king ham s hire.

Thi s H eadquart e rs will also h o use th e Coun ty Bra nc h of

St. J ohn and R ed C ro ss Library and B ook -b in d ing

D epartm e n t and th e offices of th e Co unty O rde r of St. J ohn Appea ls Co mmi ttee Th e cha irm an of th e

St. J ohn Co un cil fo r Bu ck ing ham hire, Mr. C A. Mobb , in his address, expressed th e Co un cil' s gra t itllde t o a ll

m emb e rs of St J ohn wh o had he lp ed to ra ise f unds for th is build ing, a lso t o th e B orough CO ll nc il , all d a lso fo r a £2, 000 beq uest f rom th e late Miss G Savo ll ry, a fo rmer Area

SlIp e rin te nden t CN)

AS PART of th e recruiting ye ar prog ramme a/ilm sho w was h eld a t th e South S hie lds

To wn Hall, org anis ed by the South T y ne Corp s of th e Brig ade. Th e o ccasion was h ono ur ed by the pres en ce of his Wor ship th e Ma y or and the Lady Ma y oress, Alde rm an and M rs. C. W lv!a ckle y. Also in the p icture ar e Commiss ion e r for Durham , Dr. R. Ruthe rford, M,:s Ml chae ls on (Pre sident , St Hilda 's Nur s ing Di vis ion) , Coun ty S ec ret ary Mr s. R Wtls on , Corp s Sup e rintendent Dr G . H. Hardie , and Staff Office r Mr s D. R Mo rris

Ea ch of the 200 people who attended th e e vent (the new Brig ade film " A Wa y of Life") pr,ese nted .wlth a sp e cial booklet giving the his tory of the Divis ion s in th e Corp s, m cludzng of time s and places of their m eeting s. It was , des er vedly, a hig hly s uc cessful e velUng.

S hi e ld's G aze l te 24

NORFOLK FIRST AID POST 2066

A R r VA L Tr ME - Sheri ngham Ambu lance and Nurs ing D i vis ions in "ou te r space." A part icu lar ly s ll ccessflll ell tr y in th e loca l ca rnil' a l hOlv ing a /i

Maurice o u in

EXMOUTH FIRST AID POST

EX t 10 UTH B EACH/irsr aidpost. The beautiful three-mile stretch of sand and seashore at Exmouth has all ays attracted many l'isitors and ill 1927 the first beach hut post lVas set up (donated by D r. H P. Hudson lor the joillf use by The local St. John and R ed Cross uniTS) alld since thell ha been open throu a/1OUT The slimmer 1710nrhs, except during The war years. In the early days there )I ere no facilities, nor even running water but despite the difficulties, hllndreds of people were treated el'ery seasol/. Afrer the war wirh the great iI/crease in the nllmber of cases for treatment, it lila nece sary to il71prol'e the condition and a bllildin a fund )la tarted. The Exmouth COllncil he lped by la) ina rhe fOllndarion , alld a welcome ai/t of £33 0 from rhe CalTinal CommiTtee made it possible to erect the permanellT bui lding l\'hich wa opened by Sir Johll Dawe J.P. in JlIne 195 In additioll to all mod- cons the po t ha a re lephone and p lent) of IIp - to -date equipmellT. It dea ls with an averaae 0/9 00 ca e e l'er) IImmer.

Bri a n Cockett , Exmouth

COLI COWDREY prese nted all autog raph ed cri cke t b a t t o. th e C ountess of C!uiljo rd t o b e ra./fled in aid of (h e

Clfy of _Corp s H eadquarte rs Building FUll d

T!z e ra./fle razsed £8) and was won by Mr s. Dan ks of Lzt chg ate, St St eve ns, Cante rbury , who will g i l'e it to h er g ran dso n.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULA CE BRIGAD E A TIQ U

President : A N LADY ROOTES

Patron s include :

Sir Thomas Bl a nd , T.D., D.L.

Sir Richard Boughey, Bt. , J.P Doreen , Lady Brabourne Lady Brocklebank

The L a d y Caradon

The Lord Carrington , P c , M. C , K C. M.G Lady Cory ton

The Lord Cozens-Hard y, J.P., D.L.

The Hon. Mrs. S. R. CLIbitt

The E a rl of Drogheda, K B. E Hope , Lady Dynevor

His Dr. Jivraj Narayan

Mehta , High Commis sioner for India

The Countess Howe

Mr s. Ro y Hud son 26

The Lord Kinder sl ey, C .B. E., M.

Lady Macke son

Lady Mounta in Arthur G . Negu s, E q.

The Marchione ss of North a mpt o n

The Lady Doreen Prior-P almer

Lady Ripley

Mrs Peter Sa under s

Mr s . Gaby Schreiber

J ocel yn Stevens, E sq.

Mr s Charles van Bergen

Mrs. Garfield We ston

The Earl of Wilton

Sir I saac Wolfson , Bt. , F .R.S.

Antique Auction

COCKTAIL

LEFT TO

To be held in aid of The St. John Ambulance Brigade on Thursday, 15th December, 1966 , at Chelsea Old Town Hall

AUCTION

15th DECEMBER, 1966

CHELSEA OLD TOWN HALL

PLE ASE SE D GIFTS - an a ntique , a n objet d a rt or a piece of jewellery for ale or auction.

Sale begin a t 2 .30 p.m. Article f or auction will be on how a nd MR. PETER WILSO , Ch a irman of Sotheby ' s, will st a rt the a uction a t 10.30 p.m.

CHAMPAGNE BUFFET- 9.30 p .m. Tickets 3 gn . from: Mrs. E. Courtne y 8 Grosvenor Crescent London S.W.I .

Plea e deliver gift a soon as po sible to Enquiry Office , 8 Grosvenor Crescent S.W.1 between 9.30 a.m. and 5 p.m. marked " St. John Antique Auction ' and with our name and addre ss. Donors names will be displ a yed unless otherwise reque ted .

ADMISSION TO SALE 2/ 6

ORDER OF ST . JOHN

INVESTITURE

M R . D AVID SWINSTEAD, who. has been Trea s urer and Accauntant af the Order af St . J ahn since 1953 was invested as Cammander (Bro.ther) by The Lard 'Wakehurst at an Investiture recently held in the Grand Priary Chur ch Clerkenwe tL E.C 1.

LIEUTE A T-GENERAL SIR WILLIAM PIKE

C.B E., J.P. , D eplIl y Camm is ianer-ill-Chief (AddlflOnaL) receIVI ng his insignia as Cammallder (Br athe r ) af the Order af St. Jahn /ram The Lard Wakehurst.

J o hn v arbllrton

BRlG Dl R H P E PYS A i 10111 Cammissialler -inChief,)IIa in ves ted by Ihe Lard Priar as Offi cer (B ralher) Order aJ I. Jahn.

J o hn vV arbliflon

ST. JOHN AND THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION CANADA 1967

A major international exhibition is being held in Montreal , Canada, from April 28 to October 27, 1967 , throughout which the Brigade in Canada will provide first aid coverage.

Thi s is the largest duty ever undertaken by the Brigade in Canad a and the Priory would welcome help from any Brigade members who will be in Canada during the period of the exhibition.

In the exhibition one day will be allo cated to each of the p arti cipating countrie s and major organisations on which to stage demon trations, parades an d appropriate social functions. These are called " Homage Days." Frida y, September 1, 1967 , will be " St. John Homage Da y."

Brigade officer an d members planning a visit to Canada next year and who would be glad of the opportunity of taking part with our Canadian members in this important international da y please write to:

The Controller , Over eas Department , St. John Ambulance Briga de , 9 Gro ve nor Crescent London S.W.1.

September 1 1967 in particular would eem to be a day on which United Kingdom member would like to participate but it i empha i ed that participant at other times would be welcome.

J ohn arburto ll

MISS P 1 MORRISO I (Chief Staff Officer Jar Cadet) receiv illa her in ignia as Officer (S ister) fram The Lard Wakehurst.

The Pestalozzi Children's Villages

For most people the name "Pestalozzi" conjures up a picture of relief work for war refugees. This was indeed the origin of the first international children's village founded in Switzerland , but it was never the whole object, and , as the war recedes into the past and the refugee camps in Europe are cleared, the name Pestalozzi takes on a new significance. Asiatic and African children have joined the original European ones; children have come who are not refugees but are the victims of some other form of social disaster; and the philosophical basis of the whole movement has changed its main emphasis from the relief of the refugee problem to international education and the formation of an international fellowship of those brought up in and concerned with the villages. It is now seen as a movement towards world understanding.

The Village at Trogen, Switzerland

Founded in 1946, the Swiss village is now almost fully developed. It houses children of twelve different nations , each with house -parents of their own nationality. At the primary stage of education they are taught in their own language, but meanwhile they learn German, the common language of the village, and at the secondary stage of education most of the teaching is in German in classes of mixed nationalities. Children are sent to the village either by their own government or local government authority or, in the case of children for the British house, by a voluntary committee in this country. There are now houses for Hungarian and Tibetan children (who are refugees) and for Austrian, British, Finnish, French, Italian, Greek, German and Swiss children (who are in social need). The most recent groups to arrive have been of South Koreans and Tunisians.

30

ey. The photograph was tak en 0 11 Christl17a Da y in Bangkok.

development of a completely village community is less likely. There IS no IlltentIOn the English village shall be a replica of the SWISS one or that it will necessarily develop along exactly the 'same lines

National Groups

The Village at Sedlescombe, Sussex

The committee originally formed to elect an d support children in the Briti h hou e at Trogen decided in 1958 to set up an international children village in England. A l arge e tate (174 acre) wa purchased at Sedlescombe and a tart made by the admission of children from the di sp l aced per on camps in Germany. These children were of m a ny national origins, though all of them poke German as their common langu age. From them a group of Polish children was extracted , and two group of mixed nationalities. Later a group of Tibetan children was added, after the flight of the D a la i Lama and so many of his su bjects into India.

The

Future of the Sedlescombe Village

The three original groups and the Tibetan are all refugees. It is anticipated , however, that, like the Swiss village, the village at Sedlescombe will now develop along educational rather than relief line. It will complete its physical development with the building of new national houses (four being completed this year), the provi sio n of a community hall (completed this year through the generosity of the people of Switzerland) and possibly , in the distant future, its own secondary school. Meanwhile the village educational curriculum is supplementary to the education provided by the local schools and colleges which the children attend. There will probably always be more contact between the English Pestalozzi village and local educational, cultural and recreational facilities than in Switzerland . The Swiss village even has its own post office. Here in Sedlescombe , with the excellent educational opportunities offered by schools and colleges in Battle, Hastings, Rye and Bexhill, and the co -operation already enjoyed with the East Sussex and the Hastings education authorities, the

The general pattern of a is to h ave national hou ses, each contammg chIldren of one nationality in the immediate care of housep arents of the sa me nationality. Some people have seen a contradiction here between the profes se d internationali m of the scheme and the deliberate pre ervation an d fostering ?f. n ational an d culture. 0 real contradlctlOn , however, eXIsts. It not the ai m of the vi ll ages to produce an in ternational type of man or woman who will be nowhere at home R ather the aim is to produce good citi zen of their own countries. who have e perienced an upbringing and educatIOn among other race and nations and who are members of a fe llow hip extending all over the world. A man n o t deb arre d from being a good citizen of the world b being a good Engli hman or a good Finn: The a im i an international not a supranatIOnal, community.

. . There i no thought in a Pe talozzl village of pro elyti ing The d?e not aim to turn all it children mto SWI chIldren nor doe the Engli h v ill age aim to anglici e them. i a Swi hou e in the Swiss vill age and there WIll b e an EngJi h house in the Engli h v jU age, each j one among equals. It i confidently antlCIP.ated th a t the wi an d Engli h children re pectlvely will gain f rom the international character of the illage a much a anyone el e.

Language , Customs and Religion

11 the children pre erve and improve knowledge of their own native language and ?f literature. In orne case (for example IndIa) It may be nece ary for the learn their country official langu age m a ddltlOn . Then all mu t learn the communal language of the village which i a l 0 the language of in truction in This may ound something of a burden but III fact children learn l anguage very quickly , an d any child of average intelligence or a bove hould have no difficulty.

National customs , too , are followed and form an endless so urce of interest (and ometime envy) among other nationalities. Special are celebrated even if it is difficult to obtam an adequate supply of firework for Briti h hou e in Switzerland on Guy Fawkes Ight!

As for religion , again there i no atte.l11pt to proselytise. Each national group folIo,:" It own religiou faith. At Sedlescombe , the TIbetan are Buddhist the Poles and some others Roman Catholics: and the remaining children are ofvariou Protestant denominations In Switzerland , where a similar diversity exists in the village, agreement has been reached with the heads of the different faith 31

and denominations that one hall of worship may be used by all, only the symbols being changed for the different religious se rvices.

What Else has the Sedlescombe Village to Offer?

Apart from education in an settinf?, the Sedle scombe village offers educatIOn of partIcular value to the developing nations. By pro vi ding suitable technical instruction to su pplement and interpret the education available locally , the village aims to send b ack young men and women able to take a leading part in the development of their own countries. The scheme is therefore an important adjunct to the scheme s of relief aid a lready being provided by the natIOns Certain obvious advantages denve from the SIze an d nature of the Sedlescombe estate. It contains a walled vegetable garden , now brought into full production and of a suitab le size and. character to be used as an instructional plot. There IS a good deal of woodland which will cater for forestry courses , and much of the remainder of the estate is grazing land suitable for instruction in animal husbandry. The building trades (including land drainage) can easily be covered within the village itself. There will therefore be no difficult y in providing supplementary courses in various trades and crafts of particular val ue to young men and women returning to de veloping countries.

In a ddition to these practical courses there are to be clas es in theory and administration, together (Contin.u ed overleaf)

P ESTAL OZZI CHILDREN'S VILLAGE TRUST. Picture shows litlle Yuporn, who bought a Chris tmas ca rd for he r E ng li sh visitor out of her very meagre pock e t-mon

A THORI ocialworker talkinG to one of the e lec t ed boy about hi schoolwork.

ROUND AND ABOUT

with cultural classes which will gain most from being held in an international setting. Is there Real Achievement or is it all an Impractical Dream?

It is too early to argue from the experience of Sedlescombe, which as yet has very few "Old Girls and Boys. " There is, however, the much longer experience of the Swiss village, from which children with backgrounds of extreme social need have returned to their own countries equipped not as vague internationalists but as professional men and craftsmen with a determination to help both their own people and people in worse situations than their own. It is perhaps significant that those from

the British house who have gone to univer itie have spent their vacations in work-camp In Europe. One girl, now a trained teacher in England, wrote in a newspaper article , "The village is certainly fulfilling its aims ... Some of my be t friends at Trogen were German " Indeed, it i among children , including the "Ehemaligen" (the "Old Girls and Boys") that the international aspect is most apparent. The many national hou e grouped together in one village , the community halls ("Canada Hall" at the Swi village, an d the "Swiss Hall " at the English village) , the carefully prepared scheme of education , all represent an ideal of international co-operation , but it i the children who are making it a reality.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION LILLEY CUP COMPETITIONS REVIVED

The revival of an old competition for the Lilley Cup, which is open to all teams of Association certificate holders in Herefordshire, provided the eliminating rounds for a new venture when teams drawn from Worcestershire , Gloucester , and Herefordshire, competed for a trophy presented by the Director of the St. John Ambulance Association in Herefordshire, Mr. H. J. Harris, M.B.E., Knight of the Order of st. John.

It was decided that the two teams in the Lilley Cup competition, which attained the highest marks, would go on to represent the county of Herefordshire in the three counties competition, which was called the H. J. Harris Trophy Competition. Consequently, the teams fought hard and gave a very polished display. The top team was Hereford Fire Brigade, followed closely by a team from Messrs. Henry Wiggin and Co. Ltd. June 4 was the date of the inter-counties competition, which was held this year in Hereford, but the host county will rotate each year. Six teams, all anxious=to win the trophy which was in the form

of a Knight of St. John in armour , rendered expert first aid to an injured demolition worker , who wa suffering from a fractured spine, a lacerated palm of the hand , and a spraine d ankle. The casualty was found lying under some heavy beam in a dangerous situation.

The judge for the team test was Dr. D. Wilson of Brecknockshire , whilst the individual tests , also of a high stan dard , were judged by two members of st. John from Monmouthshire, Messrs. E. Phillips and A. Bisgrove.

The prizes were presented by Brigadier F. A. V. Copland-Griffiths, D.S.O., M.C. (Chairman of the Council of St. John for Herefordshire) to Worcester County Police, who won by a good margin. The other five teams, being very closely matched, finished in the following order: Second- Gloucester County Police. Third- Hereford Fire Brigade. Fourth-Messrs. Henry Wiggin & Co. Ltd., Hereford. Fifth-Worcester City Police. SixthGloucester st. George's Division.

CADET LEADER ALA G WALTO (l eft) and S ergeant C. Watson we re t wo memb e rs of th e Harrably Ambu lan ce Cadet Di vis ion, Cumberland .and who gained th e ir Grand Pri o r's Badges SI!1 Ce the DI VISIOn was form ed in Ma y, 1963. Th e were made by the Commissioner, Co lonel G. M. Klilmont o..B.E. , D.L. Thr ee other m e mb ers of thi s Di vis ion ha ve g O/n ed Grand Prior 's Badges s in ce it s f o rmation o illy thr ee ye ars ago. lcclc Bro s., a rli s c Lld.

WENDY BROADAWAY gets to \\lork with a paint bru " as one of h e r duties while h e lpin g H ith the NUlleaton 's Team of Voluntary Vis itors to e lde rly and home-boulld p eople.

LYE SK ETC HLEY another member of the uneaton Fisi t ors' team who, with Wendy, has "adopted" Mrs. Alice Fearn and visit her regu larly to do any odd aboul the hOIl e, including painting the fence and the garden. Th ey are both m embers of the lin ea ton J urs1l1g Cadet Di vision.

PEN FRIENDS WANTED

by YOUNG GERMAN FIRST AIDER

Dear Sir,

Thank you very much for the books you sent me last month. They are very interesting I have been on vacation and so I had no time to answer you.

You asked me to tell you something about my work. Now I'll give you a short record about my work in my spare time. At the beginning of my holidays I had taken part in a course in Bad Godesberg (near Bonn) , and afterwards I took my examination to be also a teacher in first aid.

I already finished my first course with 25 members , boys and girls between 15 and 25 years of age. On October 3 my next one will begin.

Now something about our organisation "Malteser-Hilfsdienst" (Maltese Ambulance Association of the Order of st. John) .

In Germany we have about 25,000 members , with 320 people within the district of Wiirzburg and 60 members in the city itself.

All members of our organisation work without getting paid for their work and most by their spare time or during holidays.

34

On weekends we h ave a service at the Autobahn (Gasstation Wiirzburg North) where we give fir t aid to wounded people , etc . We a lso dri ve handicapped children to their schoo l (Leo- Dee gSchool) and home again after schoo l.

And now I have some que stions.

I should like to know which uniform boys and girls of your organisation wear? Could yo u perhap send me some information a bout yo ur associat io n ?

Have you a brooch or a pin or some other sign or symbol of your association which I could bu y?

Finally, I should like to ask you to pro vi de the address of one or two bo ys an d girls of yo u r organisation who like to star t a correspondence.

Many th a nks for yo ur help.

With best wishes , Lothar Blatt , 87 Wiirzburg , FranzLudwig-Strasse 3, Germ a ny

LANCASHIRE ADULT AND CADET DIVISIONS

MRS. EILEEN SILVER (secretary to the Secretary-General ' of the C!rder of St. John) became the 1966 Champion Lady Fzeld Archer of Essex, beating over 100 entrants /rom clubs all over the country. She and her husband are members of the Woodford Archers Club and he was third in the men's event and was a member of the winning club team. Her is Secretary to the Order of St. John , her mother-zn-Iaw a member of the Chancery staff at St. John ' s Gate fmd her mother , Mrs. Kirwan, is Divisiona l SURerint'!ndent of the Kingsbury Nursing Cadet Di vision of which Ezleen was a member. She has just been made P.R.O. of the British Field Archery Association.

MRS. HARRIET QUANCE (a member of the Ranmoor Nursing Division, Sheffield Corps) recently celebrated her seventy-ninth birthday, which a/so marked 25 years helping (three or four times a week) the Sheffield Blood Transfusion Service. In recognition of her work for the Brigade s he was admitted as a Serving Sister of the Order in 1960. She has a holiday abroad every year and this time was planning to go to Ju gos la via.

Sh effi e ld ew pa pe r s

SIXTY MEMBERS from Number 3 Area, Norfolk, recently visited the Ba xte r Laboratories in Thetford. The picture shows Mr. D. Boyle (Quality Control Manager) explaining the machin e used for blood bags.

Eastern Even in g News

SERVICE

(Reprinted from "LIVERPOOL ECHO" June 6,1966 issue)

Perhaps you would be so kind as to a vi itor space to tell the world how very IDce we have found your fair city.

A week ago my wife and myself made a run to Maghull , where we saw the set -off of a great marathon walking feat by a company of your St. John Ambulance Brigade. May I say this is the fir t time I knew such an organisation ever existed, and, what is more, it members do not get any payment whatever.

We con ider thi a wonderful ervice, certainly we do not have anything to compare to this, as far as I know , back home.

We do have the Red Cro but there is a payment scheme for you there ju t a few dollars a day maybe , but thl cover ga co t and travel charges. We learned you a1 0 have free donations of blood , and th1 really amazed u Our donor are paid

about ten dollar s (over £3 sterling) every donation . If you can believe it, many hobos back home give blood every week for the money.

Last week in your paper we saw the further excellent work of the St. John Briga de , to get recruits for the cadet companies. May we say how welcome anything half as good would be back home. Our young folk get a poor grounding ill giving service without payment.

After only two weeks here, we love your city, and we so very much admire the St. John Ambulance and the Volunteer Bl ood Donation Service. Both seem just too good to be true, in this world of go-get and grab.

Mr. an d Mrs. Andrew Carnworth, 14th Street East, Texas Rand , Galvaston.

FIRE BRIGADES' NATIONAL FIRST AID COMPETITION 1966

RESULTS (Maximum point : 400)

l. City and County of Bri tol 301

2. County Borough of Wigan 280

3. City of Birmingh am 272

4. County Borough of Swan ea 239

5. Great Yarmouth County Borough 236

6. Portsmouth City .. 224

7. York County Borough 205 Championship Trophy: Bristol

The winning team will represent the Fire Brigades in the Grand Prior's Trophy Competitions to be held in the Seymour Hall, London, on Thursday, November 24, 1966.

The finals of the above were held at the headquarters of the West Sus ex County Fire Brigades , 37

Chichester on Thursday, October 27. The judges were Dr. K. . Mawson (team test) with Doctors L. T. Scott and R. A. White (individual te ts). Mr. W. L. Hancorn acte d as lay -jUdge.

A welcome to vi i tors was given by Mr. J. W. Chapman, Chairman of the West Sussex Fire Brig a de Committee whilst the Chief Fire Officer, Mr. S. F. Crook , presided at the presentation ceremony.

The result of the competition was a win, for the second year in succession , by the City and County of Bristol , cIo ely followed b y \Vigan and Birmingham.

Professor H. C. Stewart, Princip al Medical Officer of the St. John Ambulance As ociation, presented the trophy and individual plaques.

Mr. C. N. Bidgood, President of the Chief Fire Officers' Association expressed thanks to all those who had assisted in making the competition a successful event. He also appealed for greater interest to be taken in first aid by all officers of Fire Brigades throughout the country.

John Warbunon

HONG KONG

0/ th e Hong Kong Nur ing Cadet DlVlslOns took a hundred poor children to the Silvermine Bay Holida y Camp and in return the cadets were in vited to spe nd a week's holida y th ere th emse l ves

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION

The St. John Ambulance Association would be very glad to hear of First Aid Certificate holders and Brigade members living in London who would be prepared to help b y checking reports and class registers concerning Association cour es. Travelling expense paid.

The work would involve two or three hours per week and could be carried out in their own homes. Offer of help should be addressed to the Secretary, St. John Ambulance Association , 10 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I.

The voluntary as istance of accurate spare-time typists would also be very welcome.

NURSING CADETS o/the Sacred Heart Division enjoying lunch at the Silvermine Bay Holiday Camp. 38

CADETS 0/ th e Hong Kong Llrs ing Cadet Di vis ion singing to the accompaniment 0/ Cadet S e rgea nt Alice So gu itar.

I

OBITUARIES I

Miss W. HuntleyJ

death occurred on Monday, September 26, of MIS.S W. Huntley, who had been a member of Bngade for over 17 years. She became DiviOfficer of the Roehampton-Putney Nursing I?IvIsIOn ab.out 10 years ago, and later DivisIOnal Supenntendent.

Mr.: Watkin

It deepest regret that we report the death of DIvIsIOnal Officer J. C. Watkin of the Northamp!o?- Headquarters Cadet Ambulance Division. He the in 1933 , was promoted to DIVIsIOnal Officer III 1953 and held the Long-Service and three bars. In July of this year he was Illvested as a Serving Brother of the Order of St. John. During the 1939-45 war he served with the R.A.F.

The funeral service was held at st. Mary 's Northampton, and many members of the Bngade atten ded to pay their tributes to a most loyal and a true member of the Brigade. He leaves ,a 'Yldow and one son, who is also a member of the Bngade.

Corporal Lionel Woods

w.e heard with much regret of the death earlier III the year of Corporal Lionel Woods a of the Trinidad and Tobago Motor Cycle DIVIsIOn.

answering an emergency call for first ai d . assIstance , he collided with an oncoming vehicle and died instantly.

W <?ods will be much missed by his DIVIsIOn , of whIch he had been an enthusiastic and loyal member and had given splen did service for many years.

APOLOGY

We wish. to apologise fo,: an error in the caption of a picture zn the July lssue of the opemng ofa new first-aid post. We still do not kl1:0w where the one illustrated is-owners please claim and we gladly correct. This might have been avoided if the contrzbutor had attached the caption to the picture Contributors please help by (a) not writing on the back of photographs' (b) attaching caption firmly to one edge of picture'· where the caption is handwritten,please see that all names' tztles and ranks are printed in capitals; (d) when errors occur: plec:sr; let know at once-send copy of original information, as zt posslble that It may have been destroyed. Thank you -Edltor.

40

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Dear Sir,

I was in London with my son on the weekend of the Trooping Colour ceremony, so Horse Guards The Mall, and Buckingham P alace was a must. We approached from Trafalgar Square as the clocks were striking 10.30 a.m., and it was not long before Stephen said: "Look daddy , a St. John man "; then another and, of course, in a short while , there were Brigade personnel in plenty

We found a convenient vantage point for ourselves and very soon things began to move. The did, the guards did , and the crowd did , but It was unfortunate that some moved in the direction that they wished to avoid, downwards.

As the heat of the morning increased I saw several who succumbed partly or completely to the tension and, of course , I was particularly Illterested III the treatment an d care given by our members on duty .

The ceremony came to a close and there was that rush by the crowd to get the best positions III The Mall There were more cas ualtie s more action by St. John members (crowds at the' palace gates meant more faints) more remedial action and so on. I have often imagined what went on at the e functions, but I feel that it was quite an education to see the problems and how the Brig a de tackled them.

"Well," you may say, "so what? This is what St. John Ambulance Brigade members were on duty for." Well of course it is, but how well it was all carried out. I saw no first aid that I could really fault (and member s in my own county know that I am quite capable of doing so when it is warranted) whether it was being done by the old stager, or by the somewhat obvious new man.

I was pleasantly surprised at all the first-aid post s that had been set up or brought in from outside. They seemed to be in just the right places as far as circumstances permitted. The smartness of the uniforms and equipment did a great deal towards catching the public eye, something that we really need in this "Recruiting Year." So what can I say? Only this: "To all the officers and members who ,:ere either on duty or who helped in the organisatIon and the supply of equipment and transport, congratulations, you did a fine job."

L. C. Green, County- Staff Officer and P.R.O. for Herefordshire.

THOMAS COTTON CUP COMPETITION

The "Review", April, 1966

Dear Sir, In reply to your reader's letter jn the above, it must be noted the new regulations which govern the St. John National Competitions did not become operable until January 1, 1966 , in which case the 2nd edition of the First Aid Manual is not in question. The Cotton Cup Competition is an "open competition" and therefore doe s not come within the scope of ational Regulation s Whil tour compiler uses authoritative information in compiling the test, it doe s not mean he has to use these regulation, though he has them always in his mind. The main object in the Cotton Cup Competition is to provide a test which will be of intere t in all conditions, controver ial if you like , but with the same end product that competitors come out of it better than they went into it. Our compiler takes pride in omuch that he et a te t which is out of the ordinary, an d i consistent with the all -toofre quent accident which happen today , a lso help to de troy the tereotype patter which is being u ed in competition at the pre ent time.

ot all fir t-aider are mature 0 we try to cultivate the immature since we have 0 many teams competing who are not member of known fir t-aid organi ations.

Whether or not fir t-aider are the authority on death is a matter for the doct or in accordance with the age -old teaching of St. John never to a ume death. I am not in the po ition to ay that a de ad per on hould not b e u ed in competition , but one thing i certain in the accident of today, regulation will not be ufficient to cover the many thing that could be con idered the dut y of the first-aider at such time.

Incidentally, a lot of time money an d labour is put into the taging of the Cotton Cup Competition, from which the Stanton Divi ion receive no monetary benefit.

Your faithfully, W. H. Sheldon, Organi ing Secretary , Stanton Ambulance Division , Derby shire.

WALSALL AND DISTRICT CORPS, STAFFORDSHIRE, TRAINING DAY

Over 150 Cadets and Officers of the Walsall and District Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade took part in the annual training day which was held on Cannock Chase.

The base for the exercise was the Wandon Youth Hostel (kindly lent by the Youth Hostels Association). The exercise represented a passenger aircraft

which had attempted to make a forced landing in the grounds of the ho stel, had overrun into the s urrounding wooded area, and in so doing so me 27 of its pa ss engers had been thrown out. The pilot had then been able to get the aeroplane into the air again and had landed at an aerodrome some 20 miles away.

The ambulance and nur sing cadets were then divided into team s of four on an inter-divisional basi s. The next hour or so was taken up with Corps Superintendent Gill briefing the teams on what would happen and what was expected of them. In the meantime volunteers from the corps were making up the casualties.

The Commissioner , his staff and the area taff inspected the casualties

At a given signal, two sho cked an d hysterical casualties ran into the youth hostel to report that the aircraft had cra she d .

The teams picked up their stretchers and blankets an d their first -ai d equipment and rushed to the scene of the catastrophe.

Officers from the a dult divi sions had been placed at strategic point s to act as asse sors.

After treatment the ca ualties were taken to a tented forwar d aid post manned by teams of nursing cadet . Here other assessors checked and marked the first aid which had been done. It was originally proposed that from the forwar d ai d post casualties would be tran ported to the nearest main road by stretcher to await the arrival of a convoy of ambul ance which would take them to hospital. Unfortunately, time ran out as did man y of the who as umed that having been re cued , theIr part had been played.

County Staff Officer (Cadets) F. E. S. Jone and Mrs. D. Turner were well ati :tied with the tandard of first ai d. Corps Superintendent Gill wa congratulated by the Commissioner on hi fore ight and enthu ia m in organising thi day.

In pite of heavy rainfall in the area surrounding the youth ho tel , the un hone brightly for rno t of the day an d a film of the exerci e wa taken.

Everyone enjoyed the day.

It was decided at an inquest on the training day that much had been learned from it and they looked forward, togetller with the cadet to a similar event next year. '

It was felt that very prob a bly next year cadet leaders and enior .C.O.s could be allocated an area and given so many teams to command . This it was thought , would en ure that the more seriou' casualties were tre ated first and that all the casualties would be rescued in rotation.

The two main faults which were found amongst the cadets work were the failure to appreciate the seriousness of a patient 's condition (one team decided it was easier to walk a patient with a fractured spine than carry him on the stretcher) and secondly that , in the main, the bandaO"es applied (particularly to fractures) were too 100 0 e.

The standard of first aid was generally good.

CLASSIFtED ADVERTISEMENTS

Advertisements with remittance should be s ent to The Advertisement Dept., The St Review, 10 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S. W.l (to which address repli es to Box Numbers should be forwarded). Rat e 9d. per word, minimum lOs. Box numb ers 2/ 6 ex tra. Trade advertisements 1 - per word, minimum 15/-.

FOR SALE

ADVERTISING PENCILS, Superb Ball Pens, Combs , Brushes, etc., gold-stamped with Brigade name, raise funds quickly, ' easily. Repeat orders assured. Details: Northern Novelties, Bradford, 2.

FUND RAISING? Ball Pens are used by everyone. We supply Platignum, nationally known makes at reduced wholesale prices to organisations Your Group title, or other wording can be die stamped on each pen in Silver or Gold as required. Pen cases are available in various colours. Excellent profit (over 50% on cost) with full guarantee plus quick delivery extended. Details and samples forwarded on request. Thompson & Robinson Ltd., 20 Churchfield Road, London, W.3. Tel.: ACOrn 8770

THE REVIEW

OF THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN POSTAL SUB·SCRIPTION

FORM

To the Treasurer and Accountant. Order of St. John. 10 Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I.

Please supp'ly j renew * ST. JOHN REVIEW commencing with the

issue 1 enclose 17/- for 1 year

PLEASE NOTE NEW SUBSCRIPTION RATES

Name IN BLOCK CAPITALS

Address

Cheques, etc. should be crossed and made payable to Order of St. John.

*Delete whichever is inaeplicable.

SJ.A.B. BADGE Wall Shields, 32s. 6d S.J.A.B. Gold cased crested Cuff Links, 52s. 6d. Trophy Shields supplied. Men's White Nylon Gloves, 14s. 6d. Medal ribbon Is. 3d. each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniforms , Is. 3d. each ri bbon if mounted on pin brooch. Medals mounted, miniatures quoted for. Stamp for leaflets. - MONTAGUE JEFFERY , Outfitter , St. Giles Street, Northampton.

CHILDREN S CHRISTMAS PARTIES. ALL REQUIREMENTS SUPPLIED. TOYS, GAMES, FANCY GOODS, CARNIVAL HATS NOVELTIES , BALLOONS , ETC. ALSO suppliers of TROPHY CUPS , PLAQUES, MEDALS, TOMBOLA BOOKS. ALL AT WHOLESALE PRICES

Send for illustrated 64-page catalogue Contains a host of information, including FUND-RAISING SCHEM ES. Largest suppliers in Great Britain . SAVE POUNDS fr om SWINNERTONS LTD. , Dept. R.O. , Union Street, Walsall

GENERAL NURSING APPOINTMENTS

AND TRAINING SCHEMES

MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL

CITY ROAD, LONDON E.C.I

Vacancies exist for STATE ENROLLED NURSES to enter for the Post-Enrolled training in Ophthalmic Nursing Twelve months course , of which two months are spent in the School of Nursing.

Moorfields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded to successful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board.

Opportunities for promotion and practical resp9nslbillty in the specialist field of nursing.

Apply to Matron, Commander of the Order of St John, Moorfields Eye Hospital.

MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, LONDON, E.C.l

Ophthalmic Student Nurses

Candidates accepted at the age of 16 to commence an 18 course of training as Ophthalmic Students Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates Well equipped School of Nursing. Successful candidates , on completion may enter the General Training Schoo l of their choice Comfortable Nurses' Home in Kensington within easy reach of t he Albert Hall, Victoria and Albert Museum and Theatres. Court. Active Social Club.

Applications in :vriting to the Matron

For details of the House and Membership, please comp l ete and return thi s cou pon to THE WARDEN, ST. JOH N HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE, LONDON, S.W.I. (BELgravia 27 32).

Name _ ____ _ _ F ull Addr ess ._.

REVIEW CROSSWORD

No. :I S Compiled by W.

A. Potter

42

WILTON, AXMINSTER, ORIENTALS, Etc. FREE delivery U.K. Chinese. Indian, Persian Carpets and Rugs a speciality Expert fitting arranged if required. Write stating requirements or for introduction to showrooms-LONDON or MAIN cities, DODSON-BULL CARPET CO., LTD.

Showrooms: 2-'f Little Britain. London, E.C.I MON 7171 (10 lines)

INVESTITURE PHOTOGRAPHS

DON T DELAY- ORDER TODAY! INVESTITIJRE PHOTOGRAPHS MUST BE ORDERED IN ADVANCE

Photographers a ttending lnve titure repre ent the local pres. The cost o f commi ioning a photograph is £1 and anyone wi hing to be photogr a phed hould a soon a s possible

1. Send a written reque t to the Pre Office , 10 Oro venor C r escent London S.W.1.

2. With their name and address

3 Enclosing a cheque or po tal order f or £1 made out to the Order o f St. John.

4 Provide a f ew biographic al details

So lution to Crossword N o. 34.

A cro ss: ] Fractured rib ; 9, Embolu ; 10 , D eep cut ; 11, Acid ; 12, Lance ; 13 , Wind ; 16 , Em e tin e; 17 , Dustman ; ] 8, Uraemia ; 21 Scarpa s ; 23 , Chew 24, Smear ; 25 , Boil ; 28 , Swo ll en ; 29 , Placebo ; 30, R eferred pain.

Down: 1, Febrile ; 2, Able; 3, Testate 4, R educed; 5, Di et ; 6 , Ischium ; 7 , Sebacious cyst· 8, Stu d ent s elbow ; 14 Films; 15 , Pso as ; 19 , Acetone ; 20 , A lmon er ; 2] , Sca l ped ; 22 , Protein ; 26 , Blue; 27 , G a l.a 43

ACROSS

1. Record of one ' s interesting patients

5. Tremor found on palpation-sounds excit ing!

10 It s fabulous - a patient w ith only one callosity on his feet ?

11. Each pit in disorder in volv ing the liver.

12 Spread disease to others.

13 In its grey matter ar e cen tres f or sensation, movement , speech and memory.

15. Bird-like deformi ty due t o defect iv e bone formation in rickets .

18 illness caused by drug or food which is harmless to most people

21. Tempora ry cess ati on of breathing which follo ws force d over-breathing

23. Allow written authority

26. Just one part of the story

27 Malignant pu tul e a nd Wool o rter' disea e

28. Male glands twice set back.

29. Corkscrew bacteria. DOWN

1. Must be a critical part of the knee-joint!

2. How one ' s joint may feel after unaccu tomed exercise

3 Branches of trachea.

4 Possesses legally and drowns without doctor p r esenL

6. Bitter fermented liquor brewed from grain.

7. Dangerous haemorrhage indicated by air hunger. thirst and restlessnes .

8. Syphillitic affection of spinal cord characterised b y progressive difficulty in walking.

9. When treating a cru bed foot , remove onl y jf a wound i suspected.

14 Start to give baby normal food.

16 No marine in tandard condition.

17 Visit man for substances essential f or proper growth and d evelopment of body.

19 Temporary los s of consciou nes due t o udden fall of blood pre sure.

20 Noi y , snoring re piration heard in compre sioIT and a popleA'Y-

22 Their pupils are examined in conditions affecting central nervous system.

24. Able to choose right from wrong

25. Carried through the wards by Florence Nightingale.

Our hom c, ince 1957 ,

indu tr t pjohn ware proud

good r e a

of our ontribution to medicine and th e truggl e again t iUne and di a e. Th e car e and concern which "'\ d ot to th manufacture of th :fine pharma ceuti c al w produce at Fleming Wa nabl e th e do ctor to I r cr ib e m di cin of th · high e t qualit obtainable. W nd our b wi h to all r ea d r of the St. John R evi e\ and th -m th b t of h alth in 1967.

UPJOH N LIM ITE D

This

should be in every ambulance-

Ambulancemen probably have to deal with more cases requiring artificial respiration th a n any other branch of the medical profession except anaesthetists - and often in circumstances that are far from ideal. They know both the virtues of mouth-to - mouth resuscitation and also its aesthetic disadvantages and practical difficulties in certain situations. In many emergencies special resuscitation equipment would be a godsend - and the Ambu is just such equipment.

It has been chosen on its merits as the standard resuscitation e.quipment of Nato forces . It is light, compact and inherently safe. It can be used with oxygen when necessary. Its complement is the Ambu foot pump for clearing airways of mucus or blood. Between them these two pieces of equipment can deal with the most difficult cases of resuscitation, yet they are not expensive - each costing only about £15. For further details please write to your nearest British Oxygen branch.

Tuition in mouth-to-mout h or mouth-to-nose res uscitat i on can now be pra c tised with compl ete hygienic p rotect i on for patient and pupil by usin g t he CHESHIRE WILSON RESUSCITATION TRAINER.

It is ideally easy to use and its simple m echanism cannot g o wrong.

Wit

trainer

Equally

WITHOUT ACTUAL ORAL CONTACT

WIIITE CHRISTMAS

We an enj oy the p op u l ar Chri stmas -c ar d image of Chr ist mas. Sp ar kl in g snow an d fro st an d h a ppy, well- fe d peo pl e, merrymaking a nd l a d en with gift

For mill ion jn the le ss d eve l op ed co u ntrie s Chr ist m a s D ay mean heat , d ro u ght , poverty and thin , hun gry peo pl e with no rich foo d or fi n e clothing.

Can we wonde r if many of t h em thi n k Christmas i the white m a n s fe t ival , an d Chri t the wh i te man ' Go d ?

The Chr i tm a me age 1 u n mi t a k a bly cle a r:

GOODWILL TO ALL MANKIND

T o in g of go o d will without m a tch ing a ction to word 1 mockery whil e child ren t a r ve in Ie fortu nate l a nd .

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i1 GREETINGS AND BEST WISHES -

The Pre Office and the Editoria l Staff of theReview" wo uld like to take th is opportunity to ay a very peciai thank you to the many people

who have upported them during the last year, ;p;;,1. _ particularly during the current crisi in the pubIi hing of the magazine. Their upport an d e nc01.tragement wa inva luable. We would also like to thank the la die and gentlemen of the P re s (including Televi ion and ou nd Broadca ting), _ e pecially tho e who turn up a unfailingly at our reg ular fu nction. La t but certainly not lea t, we _ wo ul d like to ex pres our appreciation to member of other organi ation , many of whom have r un p cia i event to rai e f und for the work of the Order, A ociation and Brigade, our contributors, critic and advertiser , with a pecial wor d to our pri n ter and block-makers without who e magn ifice n t a S1 ta n ce we could not h ave b ro u ght t h e St. J ohn " R eview" up to date

•• 9

GRAND PRIOR'S TROPHY COMPETITION

THE LORD CACCIA, G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., Chan.cellor of the Order of St. John , accepting the two new trophies, donated by the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths, for the Grand Prior 's Competition Runners-up from Sir Frederick Hoare, Prime Warden. Ph oto N ew Lt d

H.R.H. THE DUCHESS OF GLOUCESTER DEPUTY COMMANDANT-IN-CHIEF, NURSING CORPS AND DIVISIONS

"I am very glad to be with you once again to present the awards for the -First Aid Competitions. I feel most impressed by all I have seen this afternoon and I would like to congratulate the winners of the Grand Prior's Competition and all those who won well-deserved awards.

With the number of casualties and accidents still rising it is consoling to know that so many thousands of people have been trained in first aid by the St. John Ambulance Association. It is 12

frightfully important that all road users should have knowledge of first aid and that every motori st should carry first aid kit.

It gives us great pleasure to see so many of you here from so many districts throughout the country representing such varied organisations.

I would like to extend my good wishes to all the teams here today and to pay tribute to all the doctors and nurses who have taught you, and to those who have acted as judges and casualties."

TOP .OF THE TOPS

Trallsport (Railways) alld British Trallsport Do cks- GlasGow

Smile s of vlc /or y from MI SS G M. Scott , Mrs. H. Scott, 1111'S. H Harris alld Miss P. Carson. John VRrbunon ]3

GRAND PRIOR'S TROPHY-Runners-up

H. R .H. THE D UCHE SS O F GLO UCESTER shaking ha nds with R ear-Adm iral D ick, the Co mm issioner -in - Chief, on h er arrival a t Sey m o ur Ha ll for th e Grand P rior's Trop hy Co mpetitions.

Left to right: H er R oya l Hig hness, Mr. C. T. Evans, Secretary-Genera l, Order of St. J ohn; B rig S ir Stewart D uke -E lder, H ospitaller; Order of St. J ohn, Co m missioner· in - Ch ief; Lt. -Gen Sir Alexander D rummond, D eputy D irector-General, and P rofessor C. H. Stewart, P rincipal Medica l Officer, St. J ohn Am b ulance Association

John Warbunon

POLICE -METROPOLITAN-

No 2 DISTRICT TEAM: E. Bro wn, Y Car ter, R B urt, 1. W illiam s and C. Gibson. J o hn Warb urton

H. R .H. TH D CHESS OF GLOUCESTE R ; Profes or C. H. Stelvart (P.M.O.); Mr. David Wilkinson, Assistant Director-General , S.J.A.A.; Marjorie, Countess of Brecknock, SLiperintendent-in-Chiej, and Dame Barbara Cozens, Chief Llrsing Officer, SJ.A.B. Jo ho v arbUrtOD

DIRECTOR·GENERAl'S REMARKS

Your Ro yal Highness-ladies and gentlemenwe are assembled together at the close of the 17th Annual First Aid Competitions for the trophies named after H R.H. The Duke of Gloucester , Grand Prior of the Order of St. John. It is my most pleasant privilege on behalf of everyone here to express our very warm welcome to y ou and to tell you how honoured and delighted we are that Your Ro yal Highness , a Dame Gr and Cros s of the Order of St. John , is with us today. This welcome , I can assure y ou Ma am , comes not only from the 120 competItors here for the finals today , but also from 12,750 or more who have taken part in earlier competitions.

Whil st the As sociati on is re spon sible f or organising these national competition s, i t can onl y do so with the help that it recei ves from man y p eopl e.

The stewards a t today s fin a ls number 65 , a nd th ey deserve warm thanks for this voluntary a ssis t a nce

Many of our stewards give up as man y as 12 d ays a year to help us in this way, even t a king p a rt of their holidays to be present. Our casualties a re al so all volunteers and , you will all agree , it is a n arduous ordeal a nd a hard d ay' s work. For today's competitions they number 12, and we greatly a ppreci a te their efforts.

(Con tinued on page 28 )

We welcome al so representatives of the great national organisations , and take this opportunity of saying how much we appreciate the encouragement and support given to first aid work in all its aspects . As I know from having seen a number of the events leading up to these final competitions, the 14 keenne ss a nd standard of effi ciency r eached throughout the country is ve ry bigh. C om p eti t io n is so keen that I see th a t l as t yea r 's winners of tbe men 's trophie s d id not r each the nati on al firs t ai d fin al s for the police f or ce s thi s year, a nd tha t l as t year 's winner s of the women 's co m pet itions have been di splaced b y a nother te am fr om t he gas industry.

H .R .H. THE D UCHESS OF GLOUCESTER showed great interest in the Visual Aids Exhibition (for details see page 47). Picture shows her at the beainning of her tour of the stands shakillg hands with Lt. - Col. J. E. F. Guerit z , Secre t ary, S J .A.A. Also in the picture, The Lady Jt.!foyra B rowne, D eputy Superintendent- in - Chief, S J. A .B .; Mr. C. McC lintock, D eputy Secretary - General, Order of St. J ohn.

John 'Varbunon

John Warburt o n

LORD MAYOR OF JERUSALEM

VISITS ST. JOHN'S GATE

A VER Y PLEASANT OCCASION at St. John 's Gate was a visit by Mr. Ruh y Ai Khatib the Lord Mayor of Jerusa lem, Associate Officer Brother of th e O rde r of St. John , accompanied by his wife, M rs. Ru hy A i K hatib. Picture shows, left to rig ht: Brigadier Sir D uke-Elder, Hospitaller of the Order of St. John , Mr and Mrs. Ruh y Al KhatIb alld Lady D uke -Elder.

J o bn Warbunon

M R KHATIB looking at th e mode l of the Order' s Ophthalmi c Hospital in J e ru sa lem with Mr. McC lintock, Deputy Secretar y -G enera l M r Khatib tak es a ve ry k ee n int eres t in th e wo rk of the hosp i tal.

J o hn \ Va rburL o n

MISS EFFIE BARKER , s ister of th e lat e

Mr. Gi lbert W. Bark er , and Mr. Gerald Her vey after th e Requiem Mass he ld at th e Church of th e J es uit Fathef·s for Mr. Bark er.

J ohn Warburt o n

TRIBUTE TO THE LATE

GILBERT W. BARKER

By Sir Arthur Bryant

Gilbert Barker wa a man of charming di spo ition a nd all wbo came into contact with him had a g reat re ga rd and affection for him. He wa educated at E ton and l a ter in France. During hi lifetime he publi bed two book one on Watteau prior to the la t wa r and t he econd a book of hort torie entitled Sextet ' in 195J.

In 1940 he joined the Joint W ar Org anl a tion a Director of the Indoor Recreation Section. Thi ection dealt with tbe provi ion of book game and other upplie for the piritu al an d mental refreshment of prj oner -of-war a nd in Gilbert Barker they had an ideal Director.

By April 1945 , he wa al 0 working with the Ho pital Library Department of the Joint War Org a nisation and a the prisoner-of-w a r work began to c10 e down he ta rted to devote all hi many talents and intense love of books to the re-organisation on a peace-time ba is ofthe Hospital Li brary Service.

THE L ORD MAYO R presented Sir Stewart with a beautiful panoramic photog rap h of J erusalem and he is seen showing Sir Stew art the site of one of the many improvements which Mr Khatib has introduced and plans for the future deve lopment in the city.

John W a rburton

He was appointed Librarian of the Ho pital Library Department in December 1945 , where, thanks to his untiring effort to create and maintain a high stan d ard, the work in this department ex pan d ed and grew into the St. John and Red Cross Hospital Li b rary Service which we all know today. He remained Librarian until 1953 and during thi who le period he toured the counties and Service Hospitals at home and oversea in unflagging efforts to see that the high quality of the Service was maintained. He endeared himself to librarians an d Hospital Li b rary helpers everywhere by his u n d erstan di ng and interest in the problem of their work.

He resigned in 1953 owing to poor health from which he had suffered for most of hi life. He did 0 reluctantly on medical advice Hi health improved and in 1954 he became Assistant Librarian to the Order of St. John and the following year he wa appointed Deputy Secretary of the Joint Committee. He wa made a Serving Brother of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in 1947. In 1955 he was promoted Officer and in 1960 wa made a Commander of the Order. In 1953 the British Red Cro Society made him an Honorary Life Member. He was appointed to the Ho pital Libr ary SubCommittee in 1956 and later that year became Deputy Chairman. His health once again forced him to give up full -time work in 1959 though he contin u ed his work for the Joint Committee , an d in particu lar the Hospital Library D epartment. He took an active part in the survey of Ho pita! Library Services sponsored in 1959 by the King ( Continued on page 21)

L EFT TO R IGHT: Miss Nancy de Mierre, O B.E. Staff Officer for O ve rse as, St. John Ambulance Brigade; Mrs. K. Huntin g don ; (behind) Mrs. Mollie Andrews , S ec re tar y, Ho spital Library Departm ent; Miss Muriel Wat son, O B.E., P .A. O (N), St. John Ambulance Brigade; (behind) Mi ss Creighton-Stuart, member of Headquart ers Vo luntar y B ook-binding D epartment; and Mrs. Ir is Bolland, who until recently was Chief Training Officer, H ospital Librarian s.

John W ar bunon

SIR ARTHUR BRYANT, C.B.E. LL.D. , outside the church. Among the other distinguished representati ves of the J oint So cieties were Dam e Anne B ryans, Vice -Ch airman of St. John and R ed Cross H ospita l Library D epartment, alld Colonel J. H. S) denham D irector. John arbUIl o n

ACCENT ON FILMS and FILMSTRIPS

HER ROYAL HIGHNESS, accompanied by th e Lord Ma yo r of W es tmin s ter , was taken round the exhibition by Mr. J. F. G. Coles, M.B. E., S ecr etary, Visual Aids Committee. Also in th e picture (e x tr em e left) Mr. A. A W Wes t on, B.E.M , Training Department , Londo n (Princ e of Wal es 's ) Dis tri ct H eadqu arters (See also page 47).

J ohn W arburton

H.R H. THE DUCHESS OF GLOUCESTE R tour ed th e Visual Aids exhibition during the Grand Prior ' s Troph y Competitions. This y ear it was accen t on film s, film s trip s and equipment used as aids to t eaching as we ll as to s timulate interest in learning fir s t aid, nurs ing and alli ed subjects, from the most up-to-dat e commercial aids to th e excellent " do-it-yourself" techniqu es exhibited by Mr N. E. CLark , Staff Officer, London (Princ e of Wales's ) Dis trict Film Unit and the British Tran sport and Elect ri city Supply Authorities (Details on page 47.)

Mr. William Dorset , (Managing Director , Camera Talk s ) shows Her Ro y al Highn ess the CarOlls el Transparenci es Cassette which enables pictures to be shown continuous ly.

J o hn W a r burt on

MARJORIE, COUNTESS OF BRECKNOCK, attended the Presidents ' Conference at Bromsgro ve College of Further Education. Left to right: M rs. S. E. Russell, County Superintendent (N), Worcestershire; th e Superintendent-in-Chief; The Countess Beauchamp, County President; and Lt.-Col. C. P. Vaughn, Commissioner for Worcestershire.

Emphasising the vital importance of publicity through the newspapers, Mr J. N. Worrall (a member of the St. John Council and a well-kno wn newspaper editor) gave an extremely valuable talk on this aspect. The Commissioner reported that there were now 66 divisions in the County with a total membership of 1,500 and that in 1965 the total hours of voluntary duty peljormed was 46 ,000 and over 5,000 patients were treated The meeting ended with a film show, one taken by the Lord Prior on the history of the Order of St. John and its foundations and the recently completed Brigade recruiting film-"A Way of Life."

THE SUPERINTENDENT-IN -C HIEF AT THE PRESIDENTS ' CONFERENCE IN WORCESTER

NEW OVERSEAS TRAINING OFFICER APPOINTED

CLIFFORD PILBEAM , S.R.N , F.LC.A.P. , left London

in November as St John Training Officer, Caribbean and North Atlantic area, for a two-year tour of duty His first stop will be Barbados , where he will remain in Bridgetown for three months to discuss and work out the plan of campaign in co-ordinating and expanding the work of the SJ.A.A. and Brigade in the area.

Mr. Pilbeam trained at the Stranwallis and Hollywood Military Hospitals, Northern Ireland, and the Queen Alexandra's Military Hospital, Mil/bank. During the war he served with the R.A.M.C. in the U.K. and Far East. He was a member of the Tonbridge Ambulance Division and holds the Order's Service Medal and bar. His overseas service with St. John has been as H. Q. Offic er in Sierra Leone, Uganda and Nigeria. In addition to the important routine duties , there is the particular need in this area fer speCially trained teams ready at all times to be taken to scenes of disaster caused by hurricanes John Warburton

PICTUR E SHOWS Mr. Herbert Harris, County Director, St. John Ambulance Association, County Civil D efence Officer, Herefordshire, photographed wi th his wiJe and aunt, Mrs. G. K. Smith, after his investiture by Her Majesty The Queen on November], wh ich he attended to receive his M.B.E. Mr. Harri s is Knight of the Order of St. John and also holds the British Empi re Medal . Fealure Press PhOlO A ge ncy

MISS HELE A NICHOLLS, Curator, Order oj St. John Museum recei ving the decorations of th e lal e Miss Emma Goodin from D IS P. English and D IS Miss R Wren of the Harpenden Amhulance and Nursing Di visions. Miss Goodin at 103, lVas the oldest s urviving Serving Sister and holder oj the Order's Service Medal. In the Brigade she was Lady Superintendent, Metropolitan Di visio n. She went to Harpendell in 1910 as NIatron of th e National Children s Home Sanatoria. She retired in 1927 but continued to take a keen interest in the work oJ th e N.C.H. and the Brigade. In his address from the pulpit at h er Juneral , the Principa l of the N.C.H., the R ev. John W. Waterhouse, said: "We rejoice in a IiJe whi ch ha s showlI uch dedication."

John W arburton

Tribute to the Late Gilbert W. Barker-cont.

Edward's Hospital Fund for London. His great interest jn this Service continued up to the time of his death and he invariably made himself available with help and advice when needed.

It can truly be said that with the death of Gilbert Barker the St. John and Red Cross have lost both a friend and a valued colleague. Hi work for the Hospital Library wa beyond all price , for it was utterly elfle s.

DEATH DRIVES ON SOFT TYRES

LITTLE-KNOWN FACTS ABOUT TH E HA Z ARDS OF UND ER- INFLATION

BY PAUL KEARNEY AND JOHN ENNIS

Reprinted by kind permission of "Reader's Digest" (British Edition), August, 1966.

A few weeks ago, on the outskirts of London, a motorist was seriously injured and his passenger killed , when their car mounted a kerb and struck a tree at 50 miles an hour. Police investigations showed that, when the driver swerved to avoid a car shooting Qut from a side turning , the severe strain on his nearside tyres-both of which were underinflated-threw the car into its fatal skid.

Under -inflation and neglecting to check tyre pressures are almost universal failings of motorists. Even though compressed air is available free, the average motorist could hardly be more frugal if it cost £1 a puff.

Some drivers think that the chief function of tyres is to provide a soft ride. Tyres do far more than that: they are an integral part of the car's braking and steering systems, and of the transmission of power from engine to road. Under -inflation not only affects the performance of these systems; it can rapidly weaken the tyre to a point where it is ruined an d becomes unsafe Persistent underinflation considerab l y shortens tyre life and places passengers in danger.

A tyre on a moving car does not keep its circular shape but flattens, where it comes in contact with the road, to give a, "footprint" about the size of a number nine shoe. T h e tread and sidewalls b end , or flex, to sup port the car's weight. As the wheel turns , the "footprint" area changes, so your tyres , as you d rive, are constantly flexing and twisting With the inner friction of rubber, cord fabric and wire, this flexing creates heat-and so does the tread's friction against the road. The heavier the car's load, or the softer the tyres, or the faster you d rive, the· more the tyres fle x and the hotter they get. Heat eventuall y reduces the tyre's strength and d urab ility. If allowe d to build up excessively, it may cause the tyre to disintegrate.

Summer journeys, particularly on the Continent, present a d anger: the rise in air and road temperatures increases the rate at which tyres wear. When un d er -inflate d tyres that have stood up to normal town driving are subjected to long runs at sustained high spee d s, they can generate enough heat to boil wa t er. O n b listering road surfaces, their temperature may approach the vulcanizing point of rubber!

To fin d out how hard your tyres should be , consult the owner's hand b ook for your car. The manufacturer of one popular British car specifies a pressure of 22 l b . p er sq uare inch for standard front and rear tyres, but adds this a d vice: "When driving at high speeds-for example , 80 to 90 m.p.h . on a Continental journey-increase both 22

front an d rear tyre pressures by four pounds ."

The handbook for a medium-size estate car recommends 24 lb. front and rear when four people are on board ; but, if the car is loaded to its full capacity of over 3,300 lb., it suggests an extra six pounds for the rear tyres.

Unless otherwise specified, recommended presures are always for "cold' tyres-those that have been standing for at least three hour or ha ve run no more than a mile. That is the be st time to check and infla te them .

For high speeds or heavier lo ads, particularly if your car is several years old, it is wise to a dd four or six pounds more than the manu a l pre scr ibe for normal use. A six -pound increase in pre ss ure will, at 70 m.p.h , lower a tyre's running temperature by about ten degrees C. But keep within the recommended limits Over -inflation can cau e excessive wear in the centre of the tread an d increase the chance of breaks in the t y re 's fabric.

One piece of bad advice heard time a nd aga in , sometimes even from garage men , i : "If yo u 're driving fast on a motorway , your pressure wil l increase: so star t your journey with le ss ."

Car manufacturers and tyre comp anies agree that this is a fallacy. Ignore it. Admittedly, on a l ong fast run, you will build up as much as ten pounds extra pressure But if you sta rt with oft tyres, th ey will flex even more, as well as buildin g up a n exce of heat and as much or more extr a pressure. And while reasonable pres sure is no d a n ger, heat is.

Even worse than starting out on oft tyre is "bleeding"-letting air out-during the d ay' driving While thi s temporarily reduces the pres sure , it repeats the cycle of flexing and pre ssure -incre ase and further weakens the tyre.

Increased pressures not only save tyres but give better steering, better control. Metropolitan Police drivers , who check their tyres dail y, invariably increase normal pre ss ure s before a motorway journey. Inflation is such a vital factor in car handling that competition driver s pay it a lm ost religious attention. Paddy Hopkirk , 1964 winner of the Monte Carlo R a lly , puts as much as 36 lb . in the tyres of his Mini Cooper S : to suit varying road conditions , he may change both tyres an d pressures as many as five times during a rally.

THE ST. JOH MB L CE BRlGADE ill GllerJIsey acquir e d) et allother piec e of IIp-to-dat e equipment for their famolls ambll lallce lallll ch "Fly illg Chri tille lJ.' The HOllda E4 0 alld E300 gell e rator 1101\1 provide emergency lig h tillg for 24 hours. Rece lltl) the Honda E300 )Vas lIsed to photo -flood the cliff face dllrillg a rescue operatio ll while the £40 was able to be taken lip t o prol'ide light for the first-aiders 011 the pot. gripr c l'ublicil Y

Dea t h Drives on Soft Ty r es-cont.

THE BABY WHO "DIED" TWICE

LYNN ROG E RS (20 months) fortunately s ho ws no sign s of b ei ng the baby who "died" t wice and who was revived by Mr. Ha rry Ba x b y, A.S.O. (Cadets), Derb yshire, Northern Area. Lynn was found "dead" in h er cot b y her father, who immediately started to massage t h e baby's heart and s hou

to C h ester Roy al Ho spital, L y nn "died" again and once more Mr. Ba x by restored her. Although he has often lectured and demonstrated on Emergency ReSUSCitation, this was the first tim e Mr. Baxby had ever applied his sk ill in a real emergency Ra y m o nd PhoLQ g r a phic Ag e ncy Derby

(Continued on opposite page)

At Silverstone last year, during practice for the British Grand Prix, John Surtee s drove la p after lap , frequently changing his tyre pre ssures until he coul d sense that they were exactly right. In 1964, at Lake Eyre in South Australia, Donald Campbell used specially-designed tyres inflated to more than 100 lb . d uring his record -breaking runs of over 400 m.p.h.

On e itu at ion in which under-inflation can be murderoLl , even at moderate peeds i driving round a bend. Few driver reah e how much a tyre can "heel over" in cornering. The Dunlop Rubber Company m a de high- peed films of tyre cornering a 100-foot radius bend - equivalent to the curve of the average roundabout-at 30 m.p.h

The films showed that, with 15 lb. of pre ure , the offside front tyre rolled 0 far under rim that nearly half the si de wall touched the road su rface. At eight pounds , the roll-under wa evere enough to cause the rim a lmost to touch the road. If the rim does touch, the car may turn turtle This softtyre roll-under seriously affect a car's teering, a nd 23

may explain why so many dri ve r 10 e control on corners.

Other te ts have hown that the best cornering performance i obtained at 36 lb pre ure. This would give too hard a ride for most people. But it upports the case for somewhat higher pressures than those u sually recommended by car manufacturers.

Today high-performance cars a nd ro a d combine to make the problems of inflation and tyre condition more critical than ever before. So, when planning yo ur next long jom"ney, consider buying a tyre pre ure gauge. It will only co t ou about 8s. 6d.; used with intelligence , it may save your life.

THE LORD PRIOR held an Investiture for Members and Associates of the AMERICAN SOCIETY of the Order at the Cathedral of St. John the Di vi ne, New York. Left to right: Mr.Coleman , represe nting the Sovereign Military Order of Malta; Baron von Brann, the German Ambassador; Dr. von Rieb en, Representati ve Knight of the Johanniter-Orden; Jonkheer van Ufford, Netherlands Ambassador; th e Johanniter-Ordein Nederland; (background: Mr. Angus and Mr. Hebb of the Canadian Priory ) ; Lord Wakehurst, the Lord Prior of St. John; Dr. Grayson Kirk, Chancellor of the American Society; (background: Mr. Maclaren, Chancellor of the Canadian Priory).

Barbara Sykes-Wright, N.Y.

NAIROBI

TANZANIA

A JA

PI TURE SHOWS the first g roup of ele ve n women and ol/e man who recently passed th eir literacy and basic first-aid certificates in Tal/ z ania. It is interesting to note that only a year ago none 0/ them were able to read and write. Also in the picture are Mrs. D. Armitage, District Staff Officer D IS Mr. Auka of the East Africa Harbours alld Rail way Di visio ll

MALTA

RHODESIA

MEMBERS of the St. John Ambulance Brigade , Kenya District, were on duty and a very successful float during ' the Youth Festival in Jamhuri Park in October , at which over 8,000 children from all parts of t he Republic gathered.

Ioes May Publicity 24

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION AND BRIGADE put on a display and demon s tration at the Ro yal Agricultural Show in Salisbury (Southern Rhodes ia), which aroused considerable interest among the visitors to the show. The Chairman of the St. John Ambulance Association, D. A. H. Dady, in his letter, pays special tribute to all the willing helpers from St. John, Salisbury, who made this event so successful.

C.G.S. Macpherson & Co.

LINKS BETWEEN the Sovereign and Military Order 0/ Malta and the Most Venerable Order of St John, in Malta. When on an official visit to Malta quite recently, the ViceChancellor of the So vereign alld J..1ililary Order of MaltaHis Exce llenc y Fra Enrico NIol/talto, Duca di Fragnito-paid a courtesy call at St. John Headquart ers in St. James Counterguard, Valletta. The photograph shows the Vice-Chance ll or immediately after receiving a presentation book on Malta from the Brigade Commissioner, Colonel J. V. Abela. A Iso in the photograph: Judge A. J. Montanaro Gauci, C.B.E., O.St.!., a Corps President and Memb er of the St. John Council, and The Honourable Mabel Strickland, O.B.E., O.St.!., also a Council Member.

Times of Malta

BAHAMAS

MR. LEO SAVOLA, Director of the Grand Bahamas Clinic, hands over the keys of an ambulance to Mr. Ja ck Willott, Director-Sup erintendent of the Freeport, o. 1 (Wallace Groves) Ambulance and ursing Di vision. In addition to the usual first aid equipment the ambulance also carries o).),gen. It originally belonged to the Grand Bahamas Clinic and the Director s aid that the clinic wo uld continue to handle all calls and supply a change of linen each time the ambulance was used. Both offers were gratefully accepted by the Brigade . L eft to right: lVIr. Wallace Groves, the Pr eside nt of the Di vision; Dr. Amado Antoni, Di visional Surgeon; Mr. L. Ob erg, Di visional Nursing Offic er; and Mr. Jack Secretary

BI

ALLEY receives her certificate from Mrs. Shaidi, wife of the Inspector General ofPolice (Chairman of S.J.A.A. in Tan z ania)

IRAQI RED CRESCENT SOCIETY

ANTI-CHOLERA DRIVE in Baghdad ( In the October issue of the " Review" th e re was a report and pictures about the St. John Ambulance Association courses in Iraq.) These pictures show one of the duties which those who have qualified in first aid have undertaken, to help the Iraqi Red Crescent Society with its mobile teams which inoculated over 15,400 people of all ages during a mass anti-cholera

campaign, which was carried out in August this ye ar following the confirmation of cases suffering from the disease in the country. In th e President of the Women ' s Branch R ed Crescent Society's report on this operation it is stated that the first-aiders are to be congratu lat ed on th eir tireless effort and devotion in ca rrying out this humanitarian duty

S.J.A.B. IRELAND

THE MAYOR , Alderman Warren Morgan, f.P ., was presellted with hi s Warrallt of Appoilltment as Honorary Pr es ident of th e Rhondda St. fohn Council by the Chairman, Mr. John Bla ckmore. When makillg the presentation, Mr. Bla ckmo re sa id that it was a g reat tribute to the Ivork of th e Orde r of St. Johll and St. fohll Amblilance Briga d e that eac h s ll ccess i ve pr es ident of th e Rholldda St J ohn Coullci l so readily a ccepted appointment. The Chairman a lso paid tribut e to the tr eme ndou s amount of work ac comp li shed by the Brigade and sta ted that it was a gre at imp e tll s t o the mOl'emellt to filld th e Mayor so actil'ely int eres t ed in its work.

WALES

P RTY of ix St. f ohn Cadet /rom the Se/ll7) bridge Di l'i iOIl (Brecollshire) accompallied b y Di v. Supt. }\lfrs. H fOli e, wellt to the VI' Id Ei teddfod at Caergybi alld took part ill two h om e 11111' illg co mp etitions Team m emb e rs ill th e co mp et itioll IIlIder 16 years, were left to righ t : Cadet Cp l AIIII fam e, Cadet gt. 1er) I J ones, Cadets Eli::abeth Mellillg alld Mary Br owlI, and they )\1011 hig h prai e /rom the judges for their )\Iork. III the illdiFidlial compe titi oll for the best bo y or g irl IInder 16 ye ars Elizabeth lyfe llillg 11 011 first pri::e ga ining 97 per cent of the possible mark. Secolld place wellt to Mer) I Jon es and Anll Jam es, and third pri ze to Mary Brown the) oUllgest competitor ill th e competitioll. The following day th e T eam Captaill, Meryl fOli e, who had IVO II the 100 yards and 220 y ards titles for Int e r- Womell in th e A.A.A. Sports a 1\ eek ago had another cO ll villc illg wi n in th e 220 yards se llior g irl ' race, less thall t we l l'e h our after returning from th e Eisteddfod at Caergybi.

NEW ZEALAND

THE 62ND ANNUAL RECEPTION of The St. John Ambulance Association, Ireland, at the Hibernian Hotel, Dublin. O ver 600 members of Adult and Cadet Di visions assembled for a parade and presentation awards. Left to right: Charles Kelly, Council Member of the SJ.A.A.; Mrs. E. Pringle, President of the Council; Brigade Commissioner Mr. Dougla s Montgomery, M.D., F.R.C.S'!'

The inspecting officer was Dr. R. Brian Pringle, Senior Surgeon of the Brigade. Mr. Montgomery congratulated members on their work and also thanked the many Dublin firms, businessmen and members of the public for their generous voluntary subscriptions, without which the work of the Brigade could not continue.

Iri sh Independ e nt

MR. NOEL O 'CALLAGHAN (right), was presented witIJ two trophies at the SJ.A.B. Annual Re view in Dublin ' He won the Indi vidua l Challenge Cup and led his team to victory in the Novice Cup. He is 21, and joined the Brigade at the age of9.

Iri sh Press 26

RSI TG CADETS of {he Ashburto17 Cadet ursing Di vision South Islalld ew Z ea land put on a mock wedding to raise money for the Orde r of St. John Ophthalmi c Hospital , J ems alem, a stunt which raised £60. III addition a patchwork qllilt )\las sold at Is. a square and the donors names were embroide red on each square. The wedding JIIas dOlle ill g reat style H ith th e traditional receptio n h e ld in the main hal! of th e headquarters. lvIr. W. lvlcA list er, Chairmall of th e St. J ohn Ambulallce Associatioll Centre, Christchurch, acted as toa tmast e r and read out many amusing teleGrams congratulating th e happ y cO llpl e.

AWARDS

DURING THE LAST 20 yea rs Mr. George E . Craft ha s b ee n respon sib le for organising Firs t Aid Competitions throug hout the nationalised industri es, public authorities and other vo luntary org anisati ons as Compe titi on Secr e tar y of th e St. John A mbulan ce Assoc iati on Hi s services to th e P ort of London Aut hority, as organiseI' an d j udge for 14 ye ars was recogn ised when P .L.A. sa id " thank yo u" with a go ld watc h The presentation lIIas made by Lord Co tt es loe, Pr eside nt of th e Corps. (R es ults of P.L. A. co mp et iti ons and pictures in Januar y issue )

"NEW MOON"-!ISO FOR CHARITIES

CHEQUES TOTALLING £150 , the proceeds of the S toke -on-Trent Amateur Op eratic Socie ty's last production, " The New Moon, " we re distributed to six local charities. H ere Mr. B. J. Clark e, the V ice-P res ident of the Society, is seen presenting a ch eque to Area Supt.(N) Mrs. P. K . Ha rris in aid of the St. John A mbulanc e B rigade, and looking on are represen tati ves of the Britis h Red Cro ss Societ y, N orth S taffordshire D eaf and Dumb Society, Meals on Wheels, Little Siste rs of th e Poo r and the Boy Scou ts' Association, who also benefit ed.

Evening Se min e l, St affs.

Director-G

e n e ra l's Rema r ks-cont. from p . 14

I would like again to refer to the help given to us by the Associated Picture Productions Limited, for supplying the background staging for these competitions today and eight other national finals Today, and on many occasions, as many as six different sets are required.

I have this year to report the very generous act of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths in presenting to the St. John Ambulance Association two very handsome trophies, which you will see on the table here, for runners -up in t4e men's and women 's competitions. Support of this kind is an inspiration to us all and an indication ' of the value placed /upon the work of the st. John Ambulance Association and all its members by the public.

Now I wish to refer to those members of the medical profession who do so much to keep the stan d ards of these competitions so high. Some 80 doctors have taken part as judges in the various national finals and very many more in the preliminary rounds. We know how a judge 's work must be and we owe to them a great debt of gratitud e.

On this occasion I wish to refer particularly to our Competition Secretary, Mr. G. E. Craft, who will / be retiring on March 31, 196 7 He has held this appointment since 1947 and we all greatly 28

value this great contribution he has made to the work of the St. John Ambulance Association. All those who have worked with Mr. Craft will know how much he has done to brin g our competitions to their pre sent standard.

The importance of first aid to the community is illustrated by st a tistics showing the incidence of accidents in industry, in the home a nd on the road , where there is an ever-increasing need of knowledge of how to deal effectively with an emergency, 0 a to reduce suffering a nd in so me ca ses to pr eve nt death. It is most encouraging to be a ble to report that since the beginn ing of thi s yea r , 2,015 men and women have taken our higher fir t aid examinations, thus equipping them sel ves wit h additional skills.

I should like to congratulate Staffordshire, who have so far achieved the greatest number of examinations held in this subject among our county organisations , and the General Post Office , who have set such a magnificent example in holding no less than 30 courses . Lecturers and examiner s have spoken most highly of the enthusia sm and efficiency of those taking this new course.

In order that we may have a general summary of the findings of the judges, I am now going to ask Dr. J. Stuart Horner to speak regarding the men's section , and Dr. A. Burns of the women's section.

T H E LO GTO St J ohn Ambulance Brigade held a presentation eve ning at the Centra l HaLL, Longton, Staffordshir e. Mrs. E. icklin, the Di visio nal Offic er of the Longton ursi ng Division , who is retiring after 35 years, is seen makillg h er la st presentation of nursing ce rtificates.

Eve nin g Sentinel

SUPT. BE R ARD RIDDL E ST O of Lowes t oft who retired at th e end of O ctob er aft er 40 years' se r vice wi th Eas t Suffolk P o li ce, rece i ving th e St. J ohn Service Medal from Lt.-Col. Sir Ian Ja cob, wh o made th e prese ntation at th e Easl Suffo lk Police Auth ority Comm itt ee m ee ting at Ip swic h in O ct ob er.

East ng li a n Daily T im e

John 'Warburton

(ABOVE) St. John members of the Duk e of Lanca s t er 's Dis trict who we re in the news recently Mr. Flet che rCook e , M.P. , pr es enting A IM Jan Ent wis tle with Ms Duke of Edinburgh Gold A ward and N IM Janet Ho warth be ing handed h er Grand Prior ' s Badge by Ar ea S up t. Mr. H. Smalley (Rig h t ) Cadet Sgt. Mi chae l Ho wa rd and A IM Peter Atkins on were a warded Ser vice Shi e lds for completing 200 hours voluntary ser vice. Mr. Chri s toph e r Thompson , standing between them , was pr es ented with his warrant of D iv isional Offic er, Danven Ambulan ce Cade t Div is ion.

La n cas hi re Eveni n g T e leg r a ph

MORE AWARDS

AND PRESENTATIONS

DR. E. M. D E ARN , Commi ss ioner for t he East Riding , Yorkshire, presented ser vice awards to members of the North West Hull Ambulance Di vision recently (Rig ht) Mr G. Rispin , for 35 years service and M r. M. A. Capes , for 25 y ears. After pres enting St. John Ambulance Ass ociation Certificates to s uc cessful candidates, Dr D earn made a sp e cial app eal to the ladies to join the Brigade and make p racti cal us e of the knowledge the y had gained.

D a il y Ma il , Hull

also co ngra tula ted th e Di l' is ion 0 17 it s fi ne reco rd , '017 exam ple h e sa id, "w hi c h \IIo uld e ll co ur age people t o jo ill ." Cambridge New THE LORD BISHOP O F RO C HE ST E R , Th e Rt R ev . R D. Say, D D. O .St.1. , Sub- pre lat e of th e Orde r of S t J ohn , rece i villg his warrallt as Pr es ide nt of th e C it y of R oc hes te r A mbulan ce Di vis ion fr om th e Di visional S up er int e ll de llt , Mr. /tv. H ew itt . A rea Co mmiss ioner , No. I A r e a , C mdr C. R Burgess and D IO A. C. A llell a re a lso in th e pi c tur e. M emb ers of th e A mbulan ce N ur ing an d Ca de t Di vis ions a tt ended ,h e ce rem ollY which was h e ld in th e L ord Bish op 's res ide n ce h al h am Ob e r ve r 31 (AB OV E) R. A.JvJ.C. appre n t ice B ob Creed was "bes t apprentice of the te rm' at th e R .A. · 1.C. App ren ti ce' Co llege, A lders h ot, and )I as awarded a sh ield by the D D .G.A M .S MajorGenera l J P. D oug las. H e came top out of a cia s of 45 B efore going to The co llege B ob was a member of the St J ohll Ambulance Cadel D iv ision L/al1rt1l17ney, Cardiff:

THIS YEAR Stapleford and Sandiacre Ambulance Di vision celebrated their Golden Jubilee. Picture shows : Commissioner for Nottinghamshire, Mr. H. L. Bosworth , presenting the Jubilee Certificate to D IS T. Clifford. During their celebration dinner two nursing members had to help a waitress who had cut her head. As the newspaper reports said: "First-aiders never really switch off " Arthur Th o rnhill Tlkes l o n D e rb ys CADET CORPORAL BARRY EVA S won th e lvle rit CliP awarded by his Division (Barnes and Richmond Ambulan ce Cadet Division) for the highest att endanc e (in thr ee ye ars he has been to 158 meetings ouf of 160) as we ll as for general all-round efficie ncy and smartness.

Jo hn W a r burt o n / Eve nin g ew AND DAMAGE to the. body in car crashes was the subject of a lecture given by Major Ian Cappercauld (Consultmg Surgeon to the Army) when he spoke at a meeting arranged by the Atherstone Division, Warwickshire. His lecture was illustrated with colour slides showing the correct treatment for injuries. One of the points he made was that about 3,600 times more damage was done to the body at 60 m.p.h. than at 30 m.p.h crash. Picture shows: Maj. 1. Cappercauld; Brig. B A. G Jones, Commissioner; Dr. D. Hendry, County Surgeon ; Dr. J. Corps Surgeon; Dr. G. A. McDonald (former Commissioner and County Surgeon); and Dzv. Surg. Dr. K. T. Farn.

Nunea t on E venin g Tribun e 32

1M L ESLEY KIGHT h old illg he r Grall d Pri or s Badge which lV as p rese nt ed t o he r b) f o rm e r Commiss ione r for W orces t ershir e , Dr F. L. elV toll , no w Count y Pr e idellt. L e ley lV as promot ed rece lltly fr om th e Mal l'e m ur ing Cade t Di vis ion and thi s is th e 25th Gralld Pri or' s Badg e to b e WOII by memb ers of th e Di vis ion s in ce it s formation 30 ye ars ago- a remarkable rec ord At leas t t en of th ese winn e rs ha ve tak en lip IIlIr s ing alld t wo ar e no w Brig ade IIr s ing Offi ce rs. R obc n E lJ

M E MBERS of th e E ves ham A.C. Di vis ion look j us tly please d- th ey ha ve j ll s t rece i ve d p rofic iency ce rrifi cat es f or fi re fig hting and map re adillg.

(RIGHT) A framed certificat e to mark th e 50th anni ve rsar y of the Jan o w St. John Ambulan ce Di visio!7 was presented by the Commission e r, Dr. R. Ruthelford (right) to th e Divi ional Office r Mr. S. Him:/marsh, at a Jubilee Dinll e r in the Ambulance Hal! , Hebburn. Also pi c tured ar e the Ma y or and Ma y oress of Jarrow, Councillor and Mrs. D. lvlcCluskey, Mr W. J. Atkillson , President of the South Tyn e Corps, and Mrs. Hindmarsh. hi eld G aze ll C

MR. AND MRS ROBERT DAWSON rece ntly ce lebra te d th eir Golden We ddi ng M r. Da wson is a S er ving B ro th er of th e Or der of S t . J ohn. Th e photographe r is M rs Da wso n's bro th e r-in-law

L. Wa rd

MR AND MRS. JOHN EDWARD THORN E after their wedding at Hur s tbourn e P riors Chur ch. Mr s Thorne was a midwife at th e Ando ve r War Memorial Ho spital and her hu sband a memb er of t h e Andove r Ambulance Di vis ion , Hamp shire. A ndove r A d ve rti se r 34 C EL EBRATIN G THEIR DIAM O N D W EDDI G a re

Mr and M rs. Cha rles Mo rgan of B ar ry, Glam orga n Mrs. Mo rg an is an H onora ry Me m be r of t he S .J. A. B ., Ba rr y Cou nty ar ea , in which she gave 34 years active se r vice. Soulh "Val e Ech o a nd Evenin g Expre

MR. A ND MRS. TRE GASKI S af ter th eir wedding in P ar with m emb ers of th e Par Nur sing Di vis ion Mrs Tr eg ask is fi rs t join ed th e Brig ade as a Nur si ng Cadet a t L os t withiel in 1958 and g ain ed her Grand Pr ior 's badge. S h e late r mo ved to Launceston wh ere, as a s up ernum erary cade t office r , she help ed with th e lo cal di visio n Another f orm er office r from Launces ton , Mi ss Ruse, has also mo ve d to Par, where sh e and Mr s. Tr ega skis ha ve st art ed a Cade t Di vision whi ch alr eady ha s rise n to 40 memb ers.

OVERS EAS VI SIT ORS at th e Grand P rior's Trop hy Competit ions (left to right): Mr. Minwalla, Divisiona l Superintendent from Karac h i, Pakistan; Miss Nancy de Mierre, Staff Officer, O verseas Brigade H.Q. London,' Mr. I Abonyo, who is in the u.K. for a two -months ' course in Personnel Management is a D iv isiona l Superintendent and Lay Lecturer in the East African R ailways and Harbours Corps, S. J .A.B., Nairobi, Kenya,' Colonel W. L. R B enyon, Controller, Overse as; Mrs. MimvalIa, like her husballd, is a Divisional Superintendent in Karachi; Mr H. D Odaba, CO IPS Superintendellt and Lay Leclurer, E.A .R. & H. COtpS, Nairobi, Kenya, who is in England 011 a study course on Firefighting; Mr. George Kirkham, Staff Officer to the Surgeon -in - Ch ief John Warburton

G ORE GALORE-They trade in blood and bodies Casualty simulation plays a prominent part in first aid training. It is not enough to learn from words what signs and symptoms to look for in cases of accident or sudden illness; it is not enough to be word perfect on how to treat these conditions, because the real thing, met for the first time, will not conform to the text-book and it is only by constant practice with fake casualties that YOll can be sure of fulfi lling the most important maxims-to ' preserve life and to prevent the condition from worsening. Slapping on made- up lVounds will give you valuable experience, but unless the "casualty" call also act the symptoms and behave like a real victim, only half the lesson is learnt. Many B rigade members have been trained by th e Casualties Union, many more are members of both and apart from qua lifying for an endurance and b ravery award they should compare very favourab ly with ' O sc ar Winners" in the acting fie ld. (Perhaps someone wi ll g ive s uch a prize-although one would not like to have to be the j udge!) Two of these masters of t he art and the craft of casua l ty faking are Mr. Frank Ha lls and Mrs. J oan D illings, who were among the team of experts who provided the "bodies" at the Grand Prior's Trophy Competition as the climax of a year s exacting wo rk, particular ly for all the ational First Aid Fina ls. They, together with the host of other volunteers who make these events exciting all d possib le, who give so much of t heir spare t ime, indeed deserve the high tributes paid by the authori t ies.

John vVarbunon

RAFT-MAKING CONTEST

at the

NATIONAL BOAT SHOW

Earl's Court, London

JANUARY 4-14, 1967

You are in vited to find a gr o up of friends between the ages of 9 and 21 years , not necessa r ily lnem bers of the Guide or S cout Movements , to enter as a team of 4:

To make a simple cr a ft from materials supplied on the Guide a nd Scout stand , and for the te a m to paddle it acr oss a sm a ll po ol.

The team ca rr ying this out in the shorte st time will be judged the winners.

Teams may compete any da y b e t ween Januar y 4 and 13 inclus iv e (e xcept Sunday) between 10 a .m. and 8 p.m. .

Apply at once for deta il s to:

The Boy Scouts Association, Publicity Department, 25 Buckingham Palace Road, London, S.W.1

Telephone: VICtoria 6005

Teams will be notified by Decemb er 31 , 1966, day and time fixed for its heat.

All teams will be responsible for their own admission.

Changing room accommodation available. 36

This form to be sent to:

The Boy Scouts Association, Publicity Department, 25 Buckingham Palace Road, London, S.W.1 or :

The Girl Guides Association, Public Relations Department, 17-19 Buckingham Palace Road, London, S."' .1

AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

RAFT-MAKING CONTEST at the NATIONAL BOAT SHOW

EARL'S COURT, LONDON

January 4-14, 1967

TEAM APPLICATION

ORGANISATION (if a n y)

Title of Unit a nd County ( if re pr e entin g a n org a ni sation) :

Name of team repre se nta ti ve t o wh o m corresp ondence should be sent:

Addre ss

Phon e number s : Honle.

Neighbour

Office

My team can compete on any of the d a ys ti ck ed below.

VVedne sd a y, Jan. 4

Thursday , Jan. 5 Friday , Jan. 6 Saturday , Jan. 7 Monday, Jan. 9

RAFT-MAKING CONTEST

On the CO LI t a nd Guid e fea tu re at the ra ti o n al Boat Sh ow in a dd itio n t o a

va ri ety o f d e mon t r at ions o n hip ga ll ey a nd b a rb ecu e c ooking b oat wo r k a nd alli ed ubj ect th ere wilt be a numb e r of compe tit ion o p en to i it o r One wh ich

w e t hink will p ar ticul a rl y appe a l t o memb er of yo u r o r gan i a ti o n i a r aft-m ak ing co nte st , det a il o f which are a tt a ch ed

We would gre a tl y a ppreci a te it if yo u co uld ver y k indl y d i p lay th i on yo ur n o tice bo a rd a nd publi h o ur in v it a ti o n t o yo ur m emb er s in a n y bulletin or m agazine which yo u m ay b e publi s hin g in th e n ea r futur e.

Y o u will ee from the encl os ed pap er t ha t a pplica ti o n fr o m te a m h o uld

r ea ch us a s s oon a po sible.

Wh en possible give preferen ce for mornin g or afternoon periods, andfor the se cond week. PI T U R E SH OWS ca ll didates of a c lass of Ad l'a ll ced F irst A id Know ledge at t h e Central D epo t R .A.O.C., Fe l t h am prac t is ing t h e' 0 T Oll ch" tec hnique in dre s ing wou n ds. oj the A rmy D ept. and Mi lli t ry of D efe li ce traill IIn de r D il. Su rg D r. G Me lot t e (3 2 e Fe ltham D lv ) all d D IS IO A. A. W. We tOil Trai llin g D ept., L o n do n ( P r ill ce of yYa.'es's) D is/r ict. Wide lise i.s.also m ade of t h e V i 11 0 1 Aids Section of the S t J ohn Ambu la n ce ASsoc !Ot lOn to whi ch constant add i tIOns are m ade partic ul ar ly ill tli e makill g of fi lm a nd fi lmstrips. T he candidates in th e picture will featllre ill a ll ew series of Fi lm Loops sh owing the lIew tec hn iques lIsed in Adl'anced all d H igher First Aid.

Publicity Dep a rtment , The Bo y Scout Ass ociati o n 37

Public Rel a ti o n Secreta I' The Girl Guide A ocia tion

MEMBER S of the Elland Ambulance Division who were responsible for producing the float. The three central figures are Di vis ional Superintendent R Marsden, Divisional Surgeon J. Druquer and Area Commissioner W R. Everatt, South Western Area.

R. Marsden

THE ELLAND DIVISION, West Riding, Yorkshire, made an exce llent float which took second place in the Elland Carnival this summer. AIM L. Layc ock is seen in telephollic communication with the passenger in the rocket (his young daught e r)-the telep hones actually worked.

R 1arsden

MEMBERS of the Band 0/ th e Brighouse St. John Ambulance Corps (W.R., Yorks) ready for their journey to Holland where they took part in an International Youth Musical Festival. They were given a civic send-off by the Mayor (Councillor Herbert Prest, J.P.) who is seen here with the Mayoress. On the Mayor's left is Gavin Wilson (11), the youngest member of the band, and on the right of th e Mayoress is Corps Supt. C. Aldersley.

SHORT CUT DOWN A MllL SIDE. Making the descent of a lifetime-an easy-does-it 160 feet down the side of the West Mill boilerhouse at Aylesford Paper Mills-is Jeff Harvey, of the materials control office.

This mock rescue operation was arranged by works medical officer Terr y Coates and St. John Ambulance Brigade Divisional Superintendent Jack Gore.

"Management gave us every help to make the operation a great success, but I hope we never have to carry it out in earnest," said Jack.

The "rescue" was performed by the Reed Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and the Industrial Civil D efence rescue section.

Jeff's descent was watched by mills general manager Rodney Sheldon, Dr. R A. Gordon Smith, Sister Anderson, and safety officer Eddie Adrian.

Keeping as cool as anyone was Jeff himself- he is Divisional Secretary of Aylesford Reed St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade.

Reed N ews September 1966 issue

SHRIVE HAM CADETS 0/ Wi lt shire t. John Ambulance Brigade at th eir allllual inspectioll at Burgo yne HOllse R .M.C.S. Mrs. D E. Fallshawe, County Staff Officer (Cadet) ( ), is 011 the right with Lieut.-Col. R. B Robin so ll , COllllty Staff Officer (Cadet) (A). III the bac/. ground is General E. H. Bates, R.M.C.S Commalldant.

lvII'S. Fanshawe, who carried Ollt the girls' inspection, afterwards presented enrolment badges to file new members.

Evening dv e ni e r

AT THE Annual Inspection of the Cowley Ambulance Division the ReI D. Barton dedicated the new ambulance which the Di vis ion bought out of its own funds. Among those present were: Dr. T. F. Briggs, Commission er for Oxfordshire ; Mr. R. T. Chapman Div. President, and VicePr es idents lvIr. C. E. H. Edwards , 1Yfr. A. White and lvIr. P. Drur). The ambulance, in addition to carrying up-to-date equipment, is also radio controlled.

Brigbouse and Eiland Echo

For details of the House and Membership, please complete and return this coupon t o THE WAR DE N, ST. JOHN HOUSE, 50 EATON PLACE, LONDON , S.W.I. (BE Lgra vi a 2732). N ame

Full Address ___

Solution to Cro ssw ord No. 35.

Across: 1, Case -b ook; 5, Thrill ; 10, Unicorn; 11, Hepatic; 12, Infect; 13, Cerebrum; 15, Pigeon breast ; 18, Idiosyncrasy ; 21, Acapnoea; 23, Permit ; 26, Episode; 27, Anthrax; 28, Tes.tes; 29, Spirilla.

Down: 1, Crucial ligament ; 2, Stiff; 3, Bronchi; 4, (Dr) owns; 6, Hop beer; 7, Internal; 8, Locomotor Ataxia; 9 , Shoe; 14 Wean; 16 , No.r.m.; 17, Vitamins; 19 , Syncope; 20 , Stertor; 22, Eyes; 24 , Moral; 25, Lamp.

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REVIEW CROSSWORD No. 36

Compiled by W. A. Potter

ACR OSS

1. Clot in ci rcula tion.

5 Use trap for founder of germ theory of di ea

9. Ma y indicate that 1 acro s has lodged In a pulmonary vessel.

10. Keith s is the pacemaker of t h e heart.

11. Appendage of the soft palate.

12. Weak part of Achilles anatomy.

15. Pus in the pleural cavity.

16. Change of di et for b aby

18 Drugs given to stimulate the appetite.

20. Unusually fretful fungus is a table delicacy

22 Standard amount of drug upsetting night in France.

24. Short poem without en d produces mild type of d ysentery.

25. Cuts tail of fox.

28 Aids d igestion of carbohydrates , fats and protein in duodenum.

29. Small wound alleviates itch.

30. Yes grin is hi9d en whe n nur e comes with it

DO WN

1 Most important part of a n idea.

2. Where optic nerve leaves retina

3. Proverbially better than not at a ll

4. Joint lubricant.

5. Unsatisfactory legisl atio n which produced the union workhouses

6. Weeps, disturbing the bo ss.

7 Call is all right in the evening.

8. Sign of danger from the left.

13. Yellow or scarlet pyrexial illness.

14. Joins body at angle of the jaw.

17 Illness caused b y living organisms, requiring fine tonic

18 D ischarge from wound infected with bacillus pyocyaneus.

19. Most extensible portion of alimentary canal.

20 May b e Liston's glands in the pharyn x.

21 . Furthest from the mean.

23. '" and possibly the opposite.

26 Sandstone for courage

27 A container partly open.

EDWINA

MOUNTBATTEN

HE R LIFE IN PICTURES

Compiled an d Edited by Marjorie , Countes of Brecknock

S uperi nt end e nt-in-Chief, St. J o hn Ambulance Bri gade

7 . 6d eac h

7s. each orders for ten or over (postage ex tra in ea ch case)

Orders to:

E dwina Mountbatten Book , 10 Grosvenor Crescent, L ondon , S. W.1

Telephone: Belgravia 5231

, Their F ir st Year' form a natural sequel to a film which is hown annually to hundred of t h ou and of mother -to-be in many parts of the world. Thi film, which was the re ult of previous Farley- Eothen co -operation, i "To Janet, a son , ' the tory of a pregnancy from the fir t vi it to the family doctor to the birth of the baby. It wa prese nted to the R oyal Co ll ege of Midwives on their 80th anniver ary four ear ago and it purposein which it ha proved to be remarkably ucces ful -wa to give mother -to-be an under tanding of t he proce se occurring w ithin them.

1t h a been made as a contribution to the welfare of the n at ion babie an d the force that works for their benefit, a a gift to mark the 70th ann i ersary of t h e Health Vi itor ' Association. Sponsored joi ntl y b y two firm pecialising, re pectivel ,in the production of b a b y foods a nd toi l etry preparation Farley' Infant Food Ltd. and John on & John on (Great Brit a in) Ltd. Producer are experts in the fie ld : the Medical Di vi i on of Eothen Film Ltd. ( ee a l 0 page 47).

LADY MO B TT - with a Mala y an child

THOUGHTS ON NURSING COMPETITIONS

By J. D. HORNE, S.R.N. ASST. AREA NURSING OFFICER, S. W. AREA, LONDON (PRINCE OF WALES'S) DISTRICT

We have come to the end of the nursing competitions in this area for yet another year and it would seem useful to reflect on what has occurred and see if many of t4e mistakes could be rectified before next year . We have already done well in the final competitions, . so let us try and raise the standards even further, so that ne xt year we may come first. I could emphasise how to overcome nerves, to be early, how to dress and finally to read the card for the competitions thoroughly, sp that you understand what it requires you to do while on test. These points are laboured only too frequently and it would seem that, at this stage, it is too late to worry about what you are going to do to satisfy the requirements of the judge and that, under stress, we tend to do those things which come automatically and are bad habits , instead of the things which we carry out while training. There are always the clever ones who love to cover up their bad points, or think they can, but remember, judges are always aware of tbese smart moves.

It reminds me of a student taking his final examination being asked to prepare to catheterise a male patient . He wanders round the tables several times and presents himself to the examiner with catheter in one hand, a bottle of antiseptic in the other and a few dirty swabs in his left-hand pocket. Needless to say, this candidate failed the examination. It would be wrong to say, though , all routines were at this level in his hospital, but in this particular case, he needed considerable experience and application throughout the training,so that he could have done this automatically and correctly. This indeed is an indication of our b asic training during the year and therefore, all divisions with adequate training, should be capable of entering as a team for the -nursing competitions and then they will have no problems when dealing with what the judges ask.

What competitors must remember, when bedmaking, is that they work as a team which leads to efficiency and saving time. Emphasis is even laid on the approach to the patient and when he is removed from the bed , always seat him well away from the bed and keep him comfortable, warm and occupied. Strip the bed systematically together and think alike. This will enable you also to instill confidence in the patient, which - should always be your objective and not to try and impress the judge. When replacing the bed-clothes, remember the draw sheet and mackintosh go under the patient's buttocks and should not be placed under ills shoulders or feet, as has been done on several

occasions. Remember.... , the nursing pOSItIOns of recumbent, semi-recumbent and sitti ng position and aim at settling the patient in the correct position for his illness and do not tuck the bed-clothes in tightly around him, this leads to pressure and discomfort of the patient . We must always aim at making the patient as comfortable an d relaxed as possible . Although neatness will gain a few marks, the patient is of par am ount importance. Beds on wheels should be fixed to stop them moving before getting the patient in and out of bed.

When considering trays and trolleys, we should not only think of their requirements but their actual use and I have seen several near-catastrophes with cleaning of the mouth and Kaolin poultices. It would seem, therefore, that in practice, we must endeavour to carry out these procedures and not just put materials on a tray. Remember , you can only obtain marks for what has been carried out a nd that if you have not finished you must have dropped some marks and it is, therefore, necessary to try and complete the test through general efficiency.

After all the competitions are over, we return the marking sheets and you will note sometimes that a mark has been deducted an d you feel that you have done the proper procedure , i.e., placed mackintosh correctly, but you find you have no mark. This could be that the mackintosh, when taken off the bed while stripping, was put on the bedside locker. For these errors you must expect to lose marks. You are not entitled to question the judge , but most of them are open to discuss your problems with a view to raising your standards of procedure.

I hope these few remarks will help those who participate and encourage those who do not take part. If you find these stimulating and have any questions , I will be only too pleased to answer them and help you in any way I can.

P.S. Following the National Finals at Fairfield Halls, Croydon, opinions were expressed by some of the judges, that when competitors are working single-handed at bed-making, with the assistance of a helper, they should always work from the side of the bed where all the clean bed-linen has been placed , so that they may keep control of the situation and not wedge themselves between the bed and the wall and thus avoid throwing the responsibility on the helper.

If any nursing divisions in the area have not got a standard bed for practice or examination purposes and would like one, will they please contact me as I may be able to help them.

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

Advertisements with remittan ce s hould be s ent /0 The Advertisement Dept., The St. John Review, 10 Gros ve nor Cr esce nt, London, S.W 1 ( to which address repli es to Box Numbers shou ld b e forwarded). Rate 9d p e

FOR SALE

Officer 's Uniform. Nearly New. Si ze : Chest 45 in., Wai st 39 in., Inside Sleeve] 8 in. Inside Leg 32 in. Cap Si ze: 61 in . New Raincoat. Price £28 inclusive Call M r. Sei ver, 70 Cavers ham R oad, Kentish Town, W .S any evening after 7 p .m

CHILDREN'S CHRISTMAS PARTIES. ALL REQUIREMENTS SUPPLIED. TOYS, GAMES, FA CY GOODS, CARNIVAL HATS. NOVELTIES, BALLOO S , ETC. ALSO suppliers of TROPHY CUPS, PLAQUES, MEDALS, TOMBOLA BOOKS. ALL AT WHOLESALE PRICES

Send for illustrated 64-page catalogue. Contains a bost of information , including FUND-RAISING SCHEMES. Largest suppliers in Gre at Brit ain SAVE POUJ\T])S from SWINNERTONS LTD., Dept. R.O., Union Street, Wals a ll.

FUND RAISING? Ball Pens are used by everyone. We supply Platignum , nationally known makes a t re duced wholesale prices to organisations Your Group title , or other wording can be die stamped on eacb pen in Silver or Gold as required. Pen cases are available in various colours. Excellent profit (over 50% on cost) with full guarantee plus quick delivery extended. Detail s and samples forwarded on request. Thompson & Robin son Ltd., 20 Churchfield Road, London , W .3. Tel.: ACOrn 8770

SJ .A . B. BADGE Wall Shields, 32s. 6d. S.J.A.B . Gold cased crested Cuff Links, 52s 6d. Trophy Sh iel d s supplied Men's White Nylon Gloves , 14s 6d. Medal ribbon Is 3d each ribbon on buckram for sewing on uniform , Is 3d. each ribbon if mounted on pin brooch Medals mounted, miniatures quoted for. Stamp for leaflets. - MONTAGUE JEFFERY , Outfitter , St. Giles Street , Northampton

s cour se, of which two months a r e spen t in the School of Nursing. Moor fields Certificate of Proficiency and Medal awarded o s ucce ssful candidates who are also prepared for the Proficiency Certificates of the Ophthalmic Nursing Board

Opportunities for promotion and practical responsibil ity in the speci ali st field of nursing. Apply to Matron Commander of the Order of St. John, Moorfields Ey e Hospital.

MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL CITY ROAD, L ONDON , E.C.l

Ophthalmic Student N urses

Candidates accepted at tbe age of 16 to commence an 18 months course of training as O pbthalmi c S tudents. Moorfields Medal and Certificate awarded to successful candidates. Well equipped Schoo l of ursing. Successful candidates , on completion may enter the General Training Scbool of their cboice. Comfortable Nurses ' Home in Kensington witbin easy reacb o f tbe Albert Hall, Victoria and Albert Museum an d Tbeatres. Tennis Court. Active Social Club.

Applications in writing to the Matron.

Modelling clay + one hour prep a ration = one treat m ent + one "injury" useless for furtber tuition.

"Plastifol" Wound Replica + one minute preparation = 60 treatment s + one "injury" still undamaged . The answer, therefore, is - use "PLASTIFOL"

PLASTIC WOUND REPLICAS

for all your First Aid training and give every pupil the same opportunity of practical experience with the treatment of injuries.

Send 1/- in stamps for full details in a 16-page booklet in colour.

BROWNING'S LTD., Dept. J, 69 Aberdeen Street, Hull, Yorkshire

GRAND PRIOR'S TROPHY COMPETITIONS

RESULTS SHEET

JUDG ES

MEN'S TEAM

Dr. J. Stuart Horner of West Wickham WOMEN'S

INDIVIDUAL TESTS: Dr. Michael O. Hewett of Wimbledon,

Dr. H C. Williamson of Parks tone

I

C

D

E

JUDG

G rand Prior's Trophy TEAM

TESTS

MEN

Dr. A. Burns of We t RainLon

J. S. H Lodge of Kirk Deighton

G

Wickham

The team ha been informed that they are walbng along Djngwall Avenue , Croydon , on their way to the Fairfield Hall on a fine day, passing a large office development ite. They ee a man fall from a taJl bujlding under con s truction.

Arriving on the cene they find a man lying on a tore hed , about three feet o ff thc ground marked Warning- no heavy weight on thi roof. ' A foreman s office i s nearby.

orr ct e ' am in atioo wi ll reveal that the ca ualty h a su ta ined evere l a ceration on t h e inner a pect of the right forearm a s imple fracture of the right tibia low r third a impJe fracture of the left femur , u pected intern al h a emorrhage and at 0 uffering from e tabli hed hock.

A::fir t-aid b quipped according to regul a tion i ava ilable in the forem a n office al 0 blan ket hot and cold water tea etc. , and a telephone.

Doctor i n t available ' ambulance will arrive eight minutes after correct me age received' the Genera l Ho pital j about one mile awa y

Fir t aid to b rendered in 15 minute.

WOMEN

JUD GE : A. BURN S, O. B.E., M.e., M.B., Ch. B., of West Rainton

Member of the team are on their way to 76 Woodland View where Mr. Bo b D ar a St. John member i to give them orne competition training. It a ::fine warm day. Approaching 0.98 they e a woman c1 aning window s lip from a tool hieh balanced on a chair.

The ca ualty i found lying on her back with piece of the broken window b her ide On a correct e amination being made it will reveal that he ha u tained an inci ed wound of the forehea d , the no e and the chin with a wound of the cheek in which a piece of gla is embedded , a imple fractur of the right radiu and ulna and a compound fracture of the left tibia and fibula . The ca ualt i al 0 uffering from severe shock.

First-aid eq uipment can be btained from the hOll e of Mr. Dear but he ha not yet arrived home Mrs. Dear can inform the team of the tel phone number of the nearest doctor. The ambulance will arrive 10 minute after the person leaving th set ca ll s i t ; the nearest hosp it a l is two mile away.

First aid to be rendere d in 15 minute.

(

Grand Prior's Trophy

INDIVIDUAL TESTS

Each competitor has a six-minute practical test which is followed by a one-minute oral test.

No I JUDGE: N. MICHAEL O. HEWETT , M.A. , M R C.S. , L.R.C.P ., of Wimbledon

Competitor is returning home to No. 66 Worship Road , when a neighbour asks for assistance as he has just found his wife collapsed. On reaching the scene, Mrs. Smith is found to be lying on the floor with an almost empty bottle marked "Parazone" b y her side. She has been depressed oflate and has been having treatment from her doctor. Correct examination will reveal that she has sustained burns to lips and mouth an d that her bre athing is failing. The husband will supply any equipment required and also telephone for medical aid.

No.2 JUDGE : j. S. H. LODGE , M.B., B.Ch ., D C.H., of Kirk Deighton

Competitor is calling on an old man, Mr. Jack Soloman, in his terraced house at No . 6 Welcome Ro ad, and finding the front door open, enters the house, to find Mr. Soloman lying on the floor , at the foot of the stairs, groaning. He cannot reply to any questions until his hearing ai d has been replaced. Correct examination will reveai that he tripped over a loose stair rod and sustained a wound of the right thumb with pieces of a tumbler he was carrying in the wound (these are removable) and a fracture of the neck of the left femur. He is also suffering from severe shock. Assistance is available next door.

No.3 JUDGE : A. EVERARD, M B., Ch.B., of Newton Abbot

Competitor is calling on Mr. Dalby , a so licitor , of 13 St. John Street, to get some documents. His secretary calls him from a downstairs storeroom and he arrives in the room gasping He collapses. Correct examination will reveal that he is suffering from a heart attack (angina pectoris) due to coronary disease. The secretary will telephone for medical aid The casualty, in addition to tablets for his -condition , has in his pocket some tablets marked "For veterinary use only," which he bought for his wife's dog. Medical aid is not available during the test.

No.4 JUDGE: H. C. WILLIAMSON, M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H., of Parkstone

Competitor is walking along Surrey Street and passing No.7 sees a man lying on the floor of an open garage. Apparently he had been standing on a bench , slipped and fell. His wife arrives on the scene at the same time as the Correct examination will reveal that the casualty has sustaine d concussion, with bruising on the forehead, a simple fracture of the right collar-bone. The wife, who at first seemed somewhat di stressed, can supply some first-aid equipment, blankets , etc., and will, if aske d, telephone for doctor and ambulance.

COMPETITION MARKING SHEETS FOR 1967

As in previous years copies of the marking sheets as used at the Finals of the National events organised by the St. John Ambulance Association will again be available during 1967.

Each set will consist of one team and two individual tests based on the 1st edition of the manual "First Aid" plus supplements but excluding all appendices. Competitions on the secon d edition of the manual will commence in J a nuar y, 1967.

Owing to cost production s rising it has been found nece sary to increase the charge for each et. Thi i now 2s. 3d. post free.

Durin g the year 1967, 20 set will be avai lable and orders, which houJd be accompan ied by the necessary remittance ent to the Competition Secretary , St. John Ambulance A sociation, 10 Gro venor Cre cent, London, S.W.I. Set will be ent after each event which run from the P olice Finals in March to the Grand Prior s Trophy Competition in ovember.

St. John Ambulance Association Centre

CROYDON

(See story in ovember issue)

COMPETITIONS 1967

The competition is open to any team being bona fide members of a br anch or section of the organisation or industry they represent within the London Borough of Croydon.

The Junior Teams Competitions are open to members of such organisations as B.R.C.S., Scouts, Guides , Youth Group teams from apprentice training schools, Army and Police Cadets , etc.

Full details from:

Centre Secretary, Mrs. F. D. Shorter, 20 Zermatt Road, Thornton Heath Telephone: THO 7492

VISUAL AIDS

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AMBULANCE CENTRE STAND

Readers of the highly informative and well produced "Ambulance Bulletin " of the E lectricity Suppl y Ambulance Centre have long been appreciative of the "First Aid in Focus" instructional feature whicb describes common first aid situations with brilliant graphic illustration. It was recognised that the issue of this series in filmstrip form would place a most important tool in the hands of the instructor and the Centre is demonstrating the first pilot strip in the series today.

LONDON DISTRICT FILM UNIT OF S.J.A.B. STAAl])

The Visual Aids Committee of the Association has borne constantly in mind its duty to stimulate and encourage the production of good quality instructional film in the smaller gauges from local resources For this reason, the Committee welcomes the appearance today of the London D istrict Film Unit of the St. John Ambulance B rigade with its interesting new programme for the making and distribution of 8-mm training films aimed specifically at tbe needs of the Association and Brig ade instructor. Examples are demonstrated.

CAMERA TALKS LTD. STAND

Since the publication of the Second Edition of the joint authorised First Aid Manual , enquiries have been received as to tbe availability of film material in support of this publication This requirement has now been met by the issue of a filmstrip series based on the Second Edition by the well-known house of Camera Talks Ltd. The series was produced in Scotland by a medical practitioner experienced in first aid with the assistance of Civil Defence and Casualties Union members. An interesting development is the simultaneous release of single concept :film loops which are complementary to the strips and were filmed at the same time. Many members will be aware already of the strips in the , Advanced First Aid " series prepared by this studio, particularly the two titled Maintenance of the Airway " and "How much Blood ?" They may not know however, of the extensive range of strips available in the fields of health, hygiene and others allied to first aid. Catalogues are available at the stand.

THE RANK ORGANISATION STAND

Responsible for the re -d esign of the 800E4 projector , the Rank Organisation has been in tbe forefront of the development of the cassetted form of continuous loop projection. The use of this apparatus, particularly in scbools and other educational institutions recei ed enormous impetus from its favourable review in the Brynmor -Jones report and the technical and professional journals. The single concept loop technique is particularly well suited to the exploitation of anin1ation and several excellent examples are on display today.

BRITISH RAILWAYS BOARD STAAl])

It is natural that British Ra il, whose close connection with the first aid movement dates from the very earliest da s , sbould ha e been one of the first of the great national institutions to pro ide good film material for the teaching of this subject. Designed primarily for the instruction of its own members the effective series of filmstrips produced by British Transport Films is deservedly popular with those who ha ve used them. We have taken this opportunity of introducing them to a wider general audience.

EOTHEN FILMS (MEDICAL) LTD. STAND

Soon after this report was made public the Association commenced work on the preparation of single concept 8-mm. film loops in order to exploit a medium whose effectiveness had received such authoritative endorsement. A number of these loops dealing with bandaging techniques are demonstrated today by Eothen FiLms (Medical) Ltd., the producers It is hoped that distribution arrangements will shortly be concluded and the material become available to our membership. The demonstrator in each case is a Leading St. John member, whose portrayal of the techniques bas been agreed witl1 our sister societies the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association and the British Red Cross Society.

47

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION

County of Northumberland First Aid Competition

RESULTS

TEAM

LETTER

A B

ORGANISATIO

ORTHER GAS BOARD (Tyneside Divi sion), Howdon Gas Work Team

NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE CITY POLIC E

C ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AMBULANCE CENTRE, Stella Nort h Power Station Team

D ORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY CONSTABULARY

E TYNE IMPROVEME T COMMISSIO ,Tyne D ock Team

F NATIONAL COAL BOARD, Ashington Colliery Team

G BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY, Hexham Detachment

H ST. JOH AMBULANCE BRIGADE , Wansbeck Di vision

Thanks are due to everyone who has helped with this competition.

JUDGES: Dr. J. Brown, County Surgeon, S.J.A.B.; Dr. D. Coulthard , Div. Surgeon , S.J.A.B.

Competition Organiser: Miss J. Fearnside

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Tr ain to be a NURSE at CROYDON GENERAL HOSPITAL

Candidates aged 18 years and ove r who have bad a good education and with a real interest in nursing, can now be accepted for a three year course for qualifying ru a tate Registered l\urse. 42 bourweek in forcc The course includes Lhree months Obstetric experience and further special training is available. l\ur es on upplementary RegisLer accepted for horlened periods of Training at any time. Candida tes in older age group welcomed 'chools commence January May and September each year. The Hospital is situated in pleasant surroundings. \ iLhin ea y distance of London, tbe counrry and the coast. There is a pleasant 1 urses' Home run on modern lines. Brochure can beobtained fromMi sA. G. Warneken, r-/Iatron, who will al 0 be plea ed to arrange an intervie\\·. when the Hospital may be vie\\·ed. Please v,Tite Lo her at:CR OY DO N GE NER AL HOSPITAL , LONDO N ROAD , CROYDON , SURRE Y

The Arsenal Football Club would like to take this opportu n ity of wishing all their su pporters a Happy Christmas and a prosperous New Year

This

should :be in every ambulance-

Ambulancemen probably have 'to deal with more cases requiring artificial respiration than any oth er branch of the medical profession except anaesthetists - and often in circumstances that are far from ideal. They know both the virtues of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and also its aesthetic disadvantages and practical difficulties in certain situations. In many emergencies special resuscitation equipment would be a godsend-and the Ambu is just such equipment.

It has been chosen on its merits as the standard resuscitation equiprnent of Nato forces. It is light , compact and inherently safe. It can be used with oxygen when necessary . Its complement is the Ambu foot pump for clearing airways of mucus or blood. Between them these two pieces of equipment can deal with the most difficult cases of resuscitation, yet they are not expensive - each costing o.nly about £15. For further details please write to your nearest Brit i sh Oxygen branch.