FIRST AID The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services. VOLUME XLIII. (No. 505, July, 193 6, to No 5 16 , June, 1937). LONDON: DALE, REYI\OLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, E.C 4.
A
AMBliLANCE KEWS CUTTINGS FROM THE PRESS:-
Ball Kills Batsman, 214.
Bird's Body Causes Boy's Death, SO.
Dangers of Hot Water Bottles, 214.
Dog's Bark Sa\'es :Master, 158.
Fatal Wasp Sting, 71.
Girl's Fire Ordeal, SO.
Horse Kills 1Iotorist, 214.
Lucky \iVhen Unlucky, 17.
Mistook Iodine for Whisky, 17.
Rare Cause of Fracture, 17. Rat Causes l1an's Death, 50.
Risked Life on Live Rail, 17.
Saved by Artificial Respiration 71.
Trapped in River Under Tricycle, 158.
Trapped Man Escapes from Freezer, 158.
Anti-Gas School, Falfield, The 90. Appreciation of Brigade A.R.P: Courses 214.
Artificial Respiration by Apparatus, 287:
Asphyxia-or Suffocation, 100. B
:: Black Book," The First Chapter of the, 125. Blue Cros's" Gases 285.
British Red Cross 68, 209, 231, 267, 294.
Calmette, Albert, 1863-1933, 323. Colliery Ambulance News 28 56 130, 154, 233. Collis Fracture, 102. '"
Competitor and Judge, 96. Coronation. Duty, 311.
Detailed Marking Sheet No. 48, 46. No. 49, 150.
EDITORIAL :-
Annual .Report of the B.R.eS., 1. C?ronahon Day Duties, 221. Fifty Years of Service, 305.
INDEX.
First Aid on the Air, 249.
First Aid on the Roads, 53. Golden Jubilee of the S.J.A.B., 277. Greetings, 137. How to Obtain Funds, 25. 1937, 165. S.JA.B. Oversea, 109. Thanks to the Doctor, 81. Too Many Medals'? 193
Extracts from the ::'Ianual of Instruction for the Royal Naval Sick Berth taff, 2, 34, 5-+, 83, 111, 139, 166, 195, 223, 251.
First Aid Televised, 172. Fletcher, Dr. N Corbet, 4.
F G
Gas IJois oning in Civil Life, 178. Golden Jubilee Celebrations of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, 306.
Her Majest.y The Queen and the S.JA.B., 222. Service Ambulance Committee, 71, 158. 6?, 102, 124, 145, 201, 231 , 294. Hospital s, Nursmg, Midwifery and Public Health ExhibitiOll and Conference, 206, 234. Hossack, Death of Major ]. F. e, 294.
Indication of Carbonic Acid, 186. L Lady Hospitallcrs' Club, 176, 201 319. Latest Experiences in 94. Legal Aspects of Blood Transfu ion, 70.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:St. John R.N.A.S.B. Reserve, 162, 174. Too Many Medals, 259.
Massage as a Profession, 127. Memorial to the late Miss Hoare, 150.
National Road Passenger Transport Ambulance Ass'Ociation, 11, 179, 222, 319.
N ur:.ing of War Ga Cases, Notes on the, 26, 69, 119
Order of t. J Ohl1, 13.
Our llrses' Pages, 18, 72, 97, 128, 155, 182, 210, 240, 268, 296, 324.
Overseas AH P., 285.
Pioneer of ),ledicinl:, 9l.
POLICE f.A.·Cb :\ LWS :-
p
Birmingham C{JIl-.taIJulary, 206. Brighton, 101. City of LOlldon, 1 262.
City of London Special Constabulary, 33, 101, 290.
Denbighshire Constabulary, 33. Metropolitan, 13, 120, 149, 262.
Ietropolitan pecial Con tabulary, 290. rorth East Area, 120.
Police Tational First id Competition, 173, 20-+, 22 , 261.
Port of Bristol l\uthority, 118.
Principle Rules for Re uscitation, 40.
Priory for \Vales, 10, 62, 95, 146 175, 202, 232, 260, 289, 320.
Pub!Jc IIealth Congress and Exhibition, 158.
Queen's Deputy, The, 250.
QUERIES A1\D A. TO CURRESl'OKDENTS:-
Abdominal \\'oul1d and Concealed Bleeding, 302, 328.
Abdominal \\found with Internal Bleeding, 27-+.
Abu e of Sal Volatile, 1
Action of Prussic Acid, 20.
Animal 'aliya an Anti eptic, 21
Artificial Respiration, Performance of, 132
Artificial Respiration, Po ition of Hands in, 134.
Bicarbonate of oda, 132.
Carbon Dioxide in Resuscitation, 272, 302.
Cause of Swelling, 20.
Competitor's Plaint, A, 300.
Complicated Fracture of Clavicle, 330.
Compound Fracture of Clayicle, 48, 10-+.
Compound Fracture of Lower Limb, 272.
Compression of Femoral Artery, 22, 106.
Control of Arterial Bleeding, 188.
Dangers of Petrol, 20.
Death from Mental Shock, 218.
Diagnosis of Apoplexy, SO, 328.
Difficulty with Disbeliever, 216
Dilution of Iodine, 274.
Ethics of First Aid, 106.
Eucalyptus in the Treatmcnt of WOllnds, SO.
Examination Howler, 20, 48, 76, 10-+, 132, 160, 188, 216, 244, 272, 300, 328.
Extension with Comminuted Fracture, 20, 190.
First Aid for Burns, 134.
Formation of Angular Splint, 216.
Fracture of Shoulder, 302.
Fractured Arm and Bleeding Palm, 244.
Fractures' of Both Legs, 160.
Fractures of Clavicle and Humerus, 272.
Functions of Brain, 48.
Further Plaint of Compctitor, SO.
Haemorrhage from Internal Organs, 300.
Haemorrhage from Palm of Hand, 104.
His First Experience in Uniform, 50.
Humour in First Aid, 22, 76, 106, 160, 246, 302, 330.
Injury to Spleen by Fractured Ribs, 244.
Iodine in Disrepute, 76.
Meddlesome First Aid, 244.
Members of Dewar Competition Teams, 328.
Modification of Schafer's Method, 76.
Operative Treatment of Choking, 104.
Outdoor Treatment of Dislocations, 246.
Pad for Fractured Clavicle, 300.
Petrol for Wounds, Use of, 160, 188.
Plaint of Competitor, 22.
Poisoning by Calcium Carbide, 132, 218.
Poisoning by Creosote, 244.
Poisoning by Lysol, 48.
Rate of Heart Beat, 302.
Responsibility for Street Accidents, 20, 328.
Shock in Apoplexy, 246.
Smelling Salts, Administration of, 76.
State of Pupils with Apoplexy, 188.
Sting of Horse-fiy, 78.
Stretcher Drill, 190.
Structure of Pulmonary Vessels, 218. Suffocation During Sleep, 160.
Thomas Splint, Application of, 106. Thomas Splint, of, 274.
Treatmen t of Acid Poisoning, 272. Bleeding from Stomach, 330. Bleeding Palm, 272. Burns, 162. Carbide Poisoning, 13-+. Concussion, 216. Convul ion, 216. Electric hock, 22.
Fractured Humerus, 2-+6. Fractured Jaw, 160. Fractured Patella, 160. Hangi ng, -+8.
Heart Attack, 300. Hysteria, 78. Opium Poisoning, 274. Poisoning, 106, 330. Poisoning by Pru 's ic Acid, 328. Shock, 218.
Snake Bite, 22. Sprained Ankle, 162. tings, 78, 106. tranglllated Hernia, 216. " \V ounds, 188.
Triangular Bandage, Application of, 188.
Uses of Collodion, -+8, 106. \V o und of Abdominal 'Vall, 10-+, 132. \iVound of Thigh ,,,ith Arterial Bleeding, 162. R
HAlLWAY AMBULANCE NEWS :-
Great "vVestern, 14, 37, 67, 92, 121, 151, 180, 207, 235, 263, 292, 321.
Inter-Railway Competition, 207, 263, 291. London IvIidland & cottish, 15, 37, 67, 92, 122, 151, 180, 207, 235, 263, 293, 321.
London & orth Eastern, 15, 38, 93, 122, 152 181 208 236, 26-+, 322. , ,
1Ietropolitan Line (London Transport), 93, 237. ill. & G.N. Joint, 238. N.S.W. Government, 68. outhern, 39, 68, 123, 154, 181, 237, 266, 323. Railways and the .J.A.B., 39.
REVIEWS :-
Air Raid Precaution Handbooks, 145 Bailliere's urses' Complete 1Iedical Dictionary 16.
First Aid to Injured and ick, 16.
Gas.-A of Defence Again t, 298. 1lall1 POll1ts of Chemical Warfare from the :Me dical Aspect, 262.
Masseur's Companion, 17. on the Provi :i,?llS of the Pharmacy and POIsons Act, 1933 (PraclitlOners and Hospitals), 1-+5. Royal Visit to St. John's Gate, 222. s
St. Andrew's Ambulance Association, 3, 82, 194 222 250. St. John Ambulance Ass?ciation, 28, 82, 110, 138,' 194,' 316. St. John Ambulance Bngade, Some Notable Events in Its History, 278, 312.
C
D
E
H
M
...
111 N
INDEX.
o
Q
T. JOHI AMBULANCE BRIGADE DISTRICT REPORTS :-
Brigade Headquarters, 29, 86, 1-1-1, 169, 197, 225, 256.
1\0. 1 (Prince of \Valc ) Di trict, 5, 29, 57, 86, 113, 141, 169, 197, 225, 256, 282, 317.
1:\0. II Di trict, 5, 58, 19 256, 318.
No. III Di trict, 6, 30, 87, 115, 170, 199, 226, 257, 282.
No. IV District, 7, 30, 59, 116, 143, 171, 199, 283, 318.
o. V Di trict, 7, 30, 60, 87, 117, 14-1-, 200, 227, 257, 283, 318.
No. VI Di trict, 31, 88, 1l7, 171, 200, 258.
1\0. VIII (Duke of Connaught's) District, 8, 31, 61, 88, 118, 171, 200, 228, 258, 284.
o. IX District, 9, 144, 200, 259.
o. X District, 33, 144, 172, 284.
Northern lreland (Ulster) District, 61, 89.
St. John Ambulance Brigade Final Competitions, 253, 286.
t. John Ambulan('e Brigade Jubilee, 250. t. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas, 36, 57, 85, 14 8, 177, 206, 238, 326.
St. John R. B.R., 124.
Sleeman' , Colonel J. L., Return, 288. Structural Anatomy, 66. T
Thomas Knee plint, A. J. Thoma '" 1fodiflcation of the, 12, 40,64.
Too l1any Medals? 16 W
Way They Have in the Army, The, 184. Wellington Blood Tran fusion Service, 74. Wimbledon mbulance Fe tival, 174, 255.
Illustrations.
Anti-GaS' School, Falfield, 119.
Bentall, Dr. Wm. c., 29.
Bri tol Authority Competitions in Progress, Port of, 118.
Bristol Centre S.J.A.A. Annual Competitions, 28.
Dean and Chapter Colliery " A " Team, 33.
Fletcher, Dr. K. Corbet, 4.
Goulburn Ambulance Station, 238.
H.l1. the Queen in the Uniform of Commandant-in-Chief, 222.
New Bentley Church Lads' Brigade Ambulance Team, 95.
POLICE :-
Holbro\V, Sergeant J. F. 150. Liverpool City Police Team, 229. " G" Division Team, 229.
PRIORY FOR vV ALES :-
A.R.P. Display Organised by the Commissioner for Brecknockshire, 175.
Barry Island, St. John Cadet ursing Camp, 63.
H.R.H. The Duke of Kent, K.G.K.T., Prior of the Priory, 147.
RAILWAY AMBULANCE:-
G.\V.R.: Lean, J. F., O.B.E., 14.
L.M.S.R.: Birmingham District Ambulance Competitions, Division 1 Presentation, 264. Crewe (Machine Shop) Team receiving the Championship Bowl, 15. Glasgow" A" Women's Team receiving the Championship Cup, 293.
L.K.E.R.: Parkes ton "A" Team receiving the G.E. Championship Cup, 265. Stratford District Competition in Operation, 208.
S.R.: \Vaterloo " A II Team receiving the Championship Shield, 266.
Waterloo "A" Team with the Inter-Railway Shield, 291.
ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE:-
Headquarters' Staff.
Duncan, Major General Sir John, K.CB., CM.G., CV.O., D.S.O., Chief Commissioner, Front Cover, May, 1937, issue.
Sleeman, Col. J. L., CB., CM.G., CB.E., M.V.O., Chief Commissioner Brigade Overseas, Front Cover June 1937, issue. ,
1100re, Col. G. A., Asst. Chief Conunissioner, 279.
Fletcher, T Corbet, Surgeon-in-Chief, 279.
Perrott, Lady, Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, 279.
Dent, Mrs. Lancelot, Lady Superintendent-in-Chief Overseas , 315.
Bentall, Wm. C, Asst. Surgeon-in-Chief and A.R.P. Officer, 279.
Tri!TIble, Col. C J., Insp.ecling Officer No.4 District, 279.
EIIJs, Col. C. 1., Inspectmg Officer West Counties 279
Dar:vil-Smith, Major P. G., Brigade Secretary, 279. Wng&lesworth, H. f., Asst. Brigade Secretary, 314.
No. I (Pnnce of Wales's) District.
Acton and Hammersmith Division's New Ambulance Dedication, 114.
Goodley, Capt. W., 281.
Grays Cadet Division, 114.
No. 87 (Shored itch) Division, The "Records and Honours" Board of the, 143.
No. 114 (L.CC Trams) Division Fir 1 l\nnual Dinner, 115.
Piers, Di tricl Officer S.D ., 87. South Metropolitan Gas Corps 19/2 Diyi ' ion Competition Team, 282.
Southern Area Field Day, 57.
Stoke ewington Diviion' AR.P. Practice, 142.
No. II District.
Bournemouth Corps' New easide Fir t .\id tation, 5 Burges, Major To rman, 315. Cox, John ., 315.
Gardiner-Hill, C, 281.
Hampshire County Inspection, 5, 6.
Tennyson- mith, 11ajor A, 2 1.
Wolverton Team receiving the "Dewar" hicld [rom the Duchess of Gloucester, 253.
No. III District.
Dryland, L. W., 315.
Ford, Col. Sir Bertram, 281.
Orton, Major J.. 313.
Three Veterans of the Brigade, 227.
No. IV District.
Cumberland and We tmorlanu.
Cockill, Lt. Col. 'vV. B., 281. Lancashire.
Crosfield Nursing Divisioll, 4-5 Inspection of o. 1 Area at Colne, 59.
Six Members of the Liverpool Central l\l1lbulance Division with 150 year' combined Service, 89. Smith, W. G., 281.
No. V District.
Armley and Wortley Division at the Armley Feast, 60.
North Area Officers' MeS' Fir t .Meeting, 283.
Nottingham Corps' New Ambulance, 30.
No. VI District.
Atkinson, W. T., 281.
Darlington Division, Opening of No.4 Hut, 31. Darlington Nursing and Cadet Division, Annual Inspection of the, 97.
Embleton, Stanley, 281.
Wilson, F. P., 313.
No. VII District.
Eames, Lt. Col. C. W., 281.
No. VIII (Duke of Connaught's) District.
Dorking's New Ambulance, 43.
Herne Bay Nursing Division receiving the "Perrott" Shield from the Duchess' of Gloucester, 253. Richards, E. A., 281.
Sussex and Surrey Review at Littlehampton, 32.
No. IX District.
Blackwood, Lt. Col. W., 281.
Miller, Hedley V., 313.
Vick, Herbert J., 313.
No. X District.
Hossack, Major J. F. C, 281.
Northern Ireland (Ulster) District.
Dr. Corbet Fletcher inspecting the work done at the Annual Inspection, 7, Fraser, Ian, 314.
St. John Ambulance Brigade Jubilee Celebrations, 307, 309.
S·rA.B. Nursing Personnel Camp Fancy Dre ss Parade, 72.
IV INDEX.
rrmumlJllUIlliU1TUU.IUflmmnlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll <Journal for the Ambulance anb Ui$l1t£t leC$ No. 505. Vol . XLIII. JULY, 1936. Pr ice 3d. UUllillllJ li t! 11111I11111111I11lII1111I,lll l lIlIllIlllllllllllIllIIllilTIllilillTIl LllllI1
EDITORIAL.
addressed to the Editor at the :lddress below, and sh"uld reach him before the 12th of each month, :lnci mu. be accompanied (no necessarily tor fJubli cation) by the name and address of the Correspondent.
u bscri pt ions, Ad, en isements and other business Communications connected \\.ilh AID -hou ld be forw a r de d to the Publishers, Ih\LE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CAN STRIIKT, LONDON, E.C.4. 7 L01/don.
Telethonr - City 37 fO.
CONTENT5 OF THIS NUMBER.
Ent rnl{I \I. :
, \nl1uaJ Rlp0rt l,f the B. R.C.
Extracts trol11 the '\l anua J of In s tru ct ion for the ROF" 0;;\\al Sick Berth taR'
SI. \ ndn.: \,'s _\lllhuJance .\s'5oc iation
,\ig-t'l Corbl't Fletcher
\. B. IIeadquarters and District R epo rt s
E"ents
Pri ory for \VaJes
National R oad Pa , senge r Transport Ambulance
As oc at on
Thomas's (. J.) "\I oclification of the Thomas Knee
Splint
Order of t. J ohn
Police Ambulance N ws
Railway Ambulance ews
Reviews
r\l1lhulancE' 'e w s Cuttings from the Press
Our Nurses' Pages
AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS :_
Extension with Comminuted Fracture
Examination Howler
Action ot Prussic Acid
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE B.R.C.S.
L CREASED actIvIty in all branches of the Society's work is reported in the an n ual report for 1935. In .1.ddition to its usual activities the British Red Cross Society were called upon to meet certain exigencies arising out of the hostilities in Abyssinia, and a full account of same is incorporated in the report.
The personnel of the Society increased during the year by 8 men's and 10 women's Voluntary Aid Detachments and by 32 junior links. Membership is now 3,838 men and 18,968 women V. A.D.'s and 1,507 men and 2,272 women members of the Red Cross Detachmen ts. It is estimated that there are nearly 30,000 members in the Junior Section.
Defence against chemical warfare continues to occupy a foremost position in the Society's V.A.D. movement, and is now included as an essential part of the member's training.
The Clinic for Rheumatism is fulfilling a great necessity in the life of the community; the achievements of last year being very satisfactory.
The Blood Transfusion Service answered 4,701 requests , an increase of 846 over 1934. Of these 222 were night calls. Two donors have now served on over 60 occasions, whilst 619 badges have been gained by donors who have given 10 or more transfusions. The mem bership increased by 197.
The report also deals with general services, including reports from County Branches, which give particulars of service done on the roads in , the hospitals, etc., reports from the Red Cross and financial statements.
Owing to heavy pressure on space, it has been found necessary to hold over many items and photo. graphs until the next issue.
UNIFORM for all V.A.D. Detachments COMPLETE OUTFIT FOR B.R.C.S. MEMBERS Consisting- of Coat, Cap, Dress, Apron, Collar, Cambric Cap, Sleeves, Belt, lor £4 -1 - 6 FOR ST. JOHN AMBULANCE SISTERS Comprising Coat, Hat, Dress, Apron, Collar, Cuffs, Belt, Gloyes, for £3-18-0 Nurses' Outfitting Association, Ltd., Carlyle BuildingSTOCKPORT Lo ndon: Abbey House W estminster, S. \V I. Liverpool - 57, Renshaw S-treet Manchester - 36, King Street Bir mi ngham - Street ewcastlc26, N onhumberlandSl S outham pton - 135, High Street Glasgow III, Union Street ST. JOHN COAT Ambulance made " RED CROSS APRON Write for new. fully illustrated catalogue and detailed price list. Sent immediately without obligation
Strength
dietetic value of OXO IS recognised as being supenor to home ... made beef ... tea. Readil) digested and assimilated by the patient, it is qUIckly and easily prepared. The Perfect Fluid Diet Loading and Unloading Sitnple by Using HURST " (PATENTED) BASED ON STRETCHER EQUIPMENT 20 YEARS EXPERIENCE. Both Stretchers are of the Sliding Tray Type, Top Stretcher Tray Mounted on Oil Balance Gear. No Springs, Locks or Mechanical Gadgets used. Impossible to Drop or Jar the Invalid. Unit Self-Contained. THE "HURST" WAY. :.- t Send for Illustrated and Descri'Ptive Leaflets. - CHARLES HURST, LIMITED, Montgomery Street, Belfast JlaT AlIID lnbepenbtnf Journal for the Ambulance an6 3llui'sing No. 505.-VoL. XLIII. JULY, 1936. [ Entered at] PR.ICE THR.EEPENCE Statio ners ' Hall [3/6 PER A NNUM, POST FREE NOTIce TO READERS. FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. The Annual Subscrip tion is 35. 6d. post free: single copies 3d. Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Kepons on pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes ,ugc:t "lion for rmllical Papers. All Reports, <Xc., shou ld be
Recruits
The
in
Aid Compression of Femoral Treatment of Snake Bite Plaint of Competitor 2 3 4 5 9 10 11 12 13 13 14 16 17 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 22 22 22 22 22
Cause of Swelling Dange rs of P e trol Responsibility for treet Accidents Treatment of Electric Shock. Humour
First
Ex t racts from the Manual of Instruction FOR THE Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff. *
(Continued from page ,07) ·
There are two circulato r y systems i n the body.
(1) The Pulmonary Circulation.
(2) The Systemic Circu l ation. Pulmonary Cz"1"'Culat£on. -The b l ood is forced by the right verJtric le thr?ugh the pu l monary arteries to the lungs, where It abso r bs oxygen and then returns through the pulmonary veins to the left auricle.
The circulation is concerned in Respi ration
Systemat£c Ch'culat-z"on.- The blood is out of the lefe ventricle into the aorta (as arterial blood) and is pumped to all parts of the body. It then returns to the right auricle by the vence cavce as venous blood.
The arterial blood contains oxygen and nutriment, which it gives to the tissues through th.e capillaries. The venous blood .carbon oxide and other waste matter. 1 he ch lef arteries and veins throuah \vhich the blood passes in the systemic ha\'e. described.
The Portal Circulatlon.- fhls IS part of the systemic circulation. The blood the stomach and intestines after c)lIecting nutriment from the diaested food, runs into one single vein, the Portal Vehz. This vein enters the liver, and the blood after passing through the capillaries the liver is retu rned to the heart by the hepatiC vein which empties into the inferior vena cava. Tili; circulation is concerned in digestion
SU77Z17W1Y of tlze Cz"rculahon - Blood leaves the heart by the aorta and is pu m ped all over the body-that which goes to tb.e spleen, stomach and intestines is taken to the live r and then back to the i'lferior vena cava (the Portal Circulation), the remainder retu rns to the right auricle by the systemic veins, ending in the vence cavce (the Systemic Circulation). .'
All this clood returns to the right aUricle. It then passes through tricuspid val ve to the right ventricle, whence It IS pumped 111tO the l ungs through the pulmonary artery, and then to the left auricle through the pulmonary veins (the Pulmonary Circulation).
*Reprinted by permission of the Controller of H 1\1.
1:<rom the left auricle it passes through tbe mitral valve to the left ventricle, \\ hich it again leaves by the aorta, and so the great ircle is completed these poz"nts l'll your l7lz"lld -
(1) The auricles receive the blood fr m the vei ns.
(2) The auricles force the blood directly into the ventricles.
(3) The ventricles force the blood illtO the arteries.
(4) Blood leaving the Idt sidL: of the heart returns to thE" right ide of the heart, and vice versa.
(3) TLII'.: RESPIR \TOLI..Y Sy. n::'L Organs of Resjiratz"oll include the the pharynx, the larynx, and the lungs.
Nose or JVasal Cm 1zty -l he nosc IS a cavity divided by a longitudinal panilioll,. the septum, into a right and left sidc, \\hleh oren In front as the nostrils or anterior nar , and end behi nd in the pharynx as the posterior narcs.
The outer walls of the cavit\' of the nose are thrown into ridges by the turbinated hones, so as to increase thei r Sll rfdce.
The nose is lined wilh mucous membrane, well su ppl ied wi th blood, and it warms, moistens, and filters the incoming air before it reaches lhe l ungs It is also the seat of the sense of smell.
The nerve of smell (or olfactory nerve) branches \Vhich end in the mucous mem brane o[ t he nose
Several of the bones forming the walls of the nose contain air cells, which open into the nasal cavities. The tea r duct from the eye opens i nto t h e nose
Phmynx, or Tlwoat, is the cavity at the back of the mouth and nose It is about four inches in l e n a t h and has the fo ll owi ng open i ngs com m 11 n in eat in g w i t h it :-
The Posterior Nares, communicat in g w ith t h e nose.
The Eustaclz£an Tubes, lead i ng to the
ea rs
The Mo u th .
The l ead i n g to the stomac h
The La r ynx , l ea di ng to th e lun gs
FIR S T
The pharynx is part both of the respi r ato r y and of the digestive systems .
La7ynx, or the Organ of tile VOl'ce, is a boxshaped structure situated in the upper part of the front of the neck. It communicates with t he pharynx above and the trachea below. It is com[losed of cartilages, the chief of which are the Tlzyro/d and the Cr/c07d Cartzlages.
Cartilage forms the prom inence i n neck known as t he II Adam's apple"; Crz'coz"d Cartlia,fe lies just below, and is less prominent.
The upper opening of the larynx is guarded by a leaf-shaped piece of cartilage called the Epiglollt·s. D u ri ng respi ration the epiglottis remains upright; but in the act of swallowing it falls back" arcts, completely covering the opening and 0 preventing food from passing into the larynx.
Inside the larYllx are two fibrous bands ca l led the {Toeal Couls, the vibration of which produces the voice.
The '1 ra hed, or "\ \' i ndpi pe, is a carti lagi nous and membnnoll ' tube about 1 inch in diameter, \\ hich extends [rom the lo\\er part of the larynx down\\ards for about 4 inche , and then divides into two branchc') (lhc JJrollclll), olle for each lung
It can be ca:-.ih felt under the skin in the front of the ne 'k. "
The walls are com posed of mem brane, in "h ich are em bedded haped rings of cartilage to keep them [rom col lapsi n a. The carti lages su rround thc front and sides of the trachea, but at the back, where it i in contact" ith the cesophagus, the trachea is composed of mcmbrane only
The Bron hi, right and left, are formed by the division of the trachea. After enter i n a the o lungs, they divide and subdivide into innumerab l e branches, similar to a tree, and finally the smallest branches (lhe Brol1c11z"0Ies) end in little sacs called air cells, or llveolz". The walls of the alveoli are composed of a thin layer of tissue, through which gases can rass.
The Lun as are two grey ish spon ay elastic organs, situated in the thorax, on each side of the They are conica l in shape, a n d rest on t he dIaphragm They dre divided i nto l obes of wh ich the right lung has three and the left I'un a two. The points where the bronchi and b lood en ter are called the roots of t he lung
The lungs are composed of a m ass o f thin cells, the alveoli, surround i na w hi ch a r e the capillaries of the pu l monary T hu s the and the a i r the r e is onl y a very thm .l ayer of tIssue, t h rough whic h gases ca n p ass , It IS that the b l ood abso rb s oxyge n a n d gIves up ItS ca r bon di-oxide T h e Pleura . Each l Ull a is en cl ose d in a de l icate mem brane cal led t he A t t h e roo t of each lu ng the p leura is cont inlll_d o n to t he inn e r s ur faCe of t he t h orax, w h ic h i t lin es T her e a re
thus two layers of pleura in the chest, and their adjacent surfaces arc moistened with se r ous fluid to p revent f r ict ion . I n health there is no actual space between the layers
Respz"rat-ion is the process of drawi ng ai r into the lungs and expelling it, so that an interchange of gases between the air and the blood may take p lace. The gases concerned in respiration are oxygen and carbon di-oxide (To be continued.)
St. Andpew's Ambulance As sociation.
The Lord Provost (:\lr. John Stewart) presided at the allnual general meeting of the Association, held on June 30th at North 8treet, Glasgow.
It was reported that during- the past year +3,645 calls were made upon the Association's waggons; the toral number of patients com eyed since the formation of the Association 53 years ago being 766,802. In Glasgow alone the wag-gons turned out 18,979 times, iO\ ol\'ing 19,·4+3 ca es, increa es of +6+ turns - out and 556 cases compared with the pre\ ious year. Of the cases attended in Glasgo\," 10,031 "'ere accident cases and 9,+12 illness cases The total number of calls represents a daily a\ erage ot 52.
During the year, 1,537 cases of accident in which motor \'ehicles \\'ere involved were attended by headquarters' staff. a decrease of 28 as compared ""ith the previous year. The Association's \yaggons, acting in conjunction ,yith the Northern and Scottish Airways' Ambulance Sen' ice, carried during the year 26 patients from Renfrew Aerodrome to Glasgow. Of these t( n had been carried by aeroplane from Islay, three frolll Bute and Arran, two from Campbeltow::, one each frolll Colon say, Tiree, 1\1 ull, Barre, and Orkney, and six fr om North and outh Cist.
It is stated that arrangements ha\'e been made with the Royal National Lifeboat Institution wherE'bv the Association's wag-galls and trained personnel will be in readiness to give assistance at wrecks occurring on the Scottish coast; also fo r the training in first aid of the members of lifeboat crews.
The Association has nmv 80 motor am bulance wag-gons, 1 + being stationed in Glasgow and 66 in other Scottish centres.
During the year 591 first aid classes and 61 nursing classes were conducted, 9,63+ pupils received instruction. In addition to it ordinary work the Association is one of the bodies entrusted by the Government with the duty of instructing the public in Air Raid Precaution Suitable persons haye been sent to take courses of instruction in Eng-land and they would conduct classes at different entres of the Association .
T he Lord P roYost, in the course. of a brief peecb, exp r e sed the opinion that all connected with huses and heavy vehic les sho ul d be tra ned in amb u lance work, and that pr i\'ate motorists themselves should alsoha\'e some kno\dedge of the subject and take first aid eq u ipment about with them in their cars.
T he following office-bearers were appointed :President, the Duke of Buccleuch ; \'ice-presidents, the Lord Provost of Glasgow, Lord Hamiltcn of Dalzell, Lord Dunedin of tenton, Lord olebrooke, Sir John tirling I axwell, Bt., Co lone l D. J 1\1ackintosh, 1\11'. Charles Ker, 1\1r. Wi lli am \ Vhitelaw, l\1r. David Cooper, 1\l r And r ew T R ei d , a n d D r Robert Robertson
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Stationery Office. Copies of the manual be had of H. M. Stationtry Office, Adastral House, Klngsway , London, W.C.2, or any branch, price 4/Sd post free.
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Nigel Corbet Fletcher,
J\I.A., ill.B., B.CHIR. (CA TAB), J\I.R.C.S., LR.C.P.
\i\TITH the greatest pleasure we announce that Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher was promoted on St. John's Day to Surgeon-i n-Chief of the St. John Am bulance Brigade.
Dr. Corbet Fletcher commenced his first aid activities 28 years ago when he lectured to the (then) L. & N. W. Railway Ambulance Classes. In 1915 he transferred his activities to the S.E. & C. Railway Ambulance Centre, and to this day his connection with this Centre (now known as the Southern Railway) is still a definite fact. His first" love" being railway first aiders, it is not so
District; and in November of that year be was appointed Assistant Commissioner in charge of Central Area. This ' position he occupied until lay, 1932, when he was promoted to the position of Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief.
The value of competitions as a means of educating first aiders appealed to Dr. Corbet Fletcher from the outset of his ambulance career and the development of the modern marking sheet from a few items on a half sheet of not paper to a complete solution of the problem set out in details on one or two sheets o[ foolscap owes much to h initiative and guidance. In 1923, as a Di Surgeon, he staged, with improvised material, the first realistic team test i 11 the "Dewar" hield Competition and, in he did the thing in the Inter-Railway Final Competition. His record in Brigade Fi nal Com peti tions i II Il iq lie, because year after year since he btl · flgu red in them as judge, test preparer or referee.
His services have been recogni ed by the Order from time to time. In 191B he was made an Honorary Associate; promoted to 0 nlcer i 11 1924; and to Commander in 1931. lIe is also the holder of the Co, ; spieuous :\Teclal.
The thanks of thousands of aidcrs ar due to Dr. Corbet Fletcher for the answers, which for well-nigh 21 years, he has given to qu ri raised by readers of this Jou rnal. () n the dcath of' Dr. Frank Christian in 1915, Dr. Corbet Fletcher succeeded him as Hon. -:'Iledical Lorrespondent to FIRST AID, a position he still holds and carries out in his o\\'n efficient and ullderstanding manner. In recognition of his valuable services in this con nection readers of rAID, in 1926, presented him with a testimonial which, at his own request, took the form of a handsome trophy, and was accepted by the Order as the second prize in the" Perrott' Shield Competition.
In addition to his services to FIR T AID he has compiled many authoritative books on first aid and home nursing which have a world-wide sale. He also compiled the first official history of the St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade, which was published in book form in 1930.
St. John Ambul ance Brigade
l-feadquarters and Distrz'ct Reports .
No. I (Prince of Wales's) District.
Central Area Church Parade was held on June 28th
L. Clement Danes, Strand, by invitation of the Rector, lh e Re\,. 'vVm. Penl11ngton Bickford, who has recently been a ppointed a Chaplain of the Order.
Col. Woolrych Perowne (Hospitaller of the Order)
,\JId Dr. Corbet Fl e tcher (Surgeon-in-Chief) read the lessons, the sermon being preached by the Rev. Lhnstopher Perowne (a Chaplain of the Order).
FolloW111g the service Col. Perowne inspected the lJarade in the Judges' Quadrangle of the Law Courts and later, in a not e to Asst. Commissioner Dr. LWld, congratula ted the parade on Its smart appearance.
Among those present were Sir Percival and Lady \\'lIkinson, Lady Di trict Supt. 11iss A. M. Walker, Mrs. P c ro\\ ne , illrs. Corbet Fletcher, Mrs. and Miss Lund, Lady Di..,triet L)1l' CLr \1 rs. Morrish in addition to the District ,illU Ar L< l Offic e rs.
BlUl 1'.1. \\ FRS \R\l!> DlnsION.-The annual " Miles" up competition \\ as held on aturday, June 20th, Dr. H. Dunl o p Judging the work of four teams.
L \ most reall tic accident was staged, a man sustaining a contu cd wound on forehead, sprained right ankle, concu SIOIl, and shock as the result of same. Sergts J l'Olll11onger and Barne s were re ponsible for the staging a nd mouth running of the event.
The work \vas watched with interest by Mr. R. H. P{)inter (Asst. Goods Agent, Bricklayers' Arms) and I\lrs. P o int e r, Dr. J. Davies, Lady District Officer I\liss Grindley, Co rps Supt. A. J. Green, Lady Div. upt. Miss Pierce, Amb. Officer Forward (1 16 Division) and many others. J)j\,. ' upt. C. E. Harrison received the guests. Corps. Supt. Green presided at the presentation cereIlluny and welcomed ::'lr. Pointer and all other visitors. lI e invested 1\11'. Pointer with the badge of vice-president.
r..Ir. Poin t er thanked the Division for the honour the) had com eyed upon him. He had taken an intere t ill first aid for many) cars, having received his first certificate at the Crystal Palace.
John, the late wife of Col. E. J. King) Librarian of the Order.
The Very Rev. the Dean of Backing, assisted by the Vicar and the Rev. Norman Ashby (brother of the deceased) dedicated the memorial and also preached the sermon taking for his text) "Y e are my witnesses." He spoke of personal service and how Mrs. King had for many years rendered service to the commWlity in many directions.
Col. King and other members of the family were present and among the large congregation were the Mayor and Mayoress of Finchley, District Officer C. T. Osborn, District Officer J. Standingford, Corps Supt. Warren, Supts. J. W. Tayler (Finchley), J. J. Ascott, S. H. Collins Amb. Flatman (Hampstead), Ha\" rkms (Barnet), Lady DlV. Supt. Miss M. A. Vicary, and a good number of members.
After the service the parade, with District Officer Osborn in command, was inspected by the Mayor of Finchley (Ald. S. Pulham), who also took the salute as the company marched away.
No. II. District.
J Wle 14th will for ever live in the minds of the B.rigade in Hampshire as a red letter day of the County's On that day not only was the annual inspection earned out by the Chief Commissioner, Sir John Duncan, but also the new County Colour was consecrated. N ever before had I,Vinchester seen so many members of the Brigade as on that day. Some 1,200 men, women
Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher.
surprising to find him taking so keen an interest in them even to-day. To show his appreciation of these ambulance workers he presented a silver Cup in 1929 to be held for one year by the runners-up in the Inter-Railway Competition Final.
Dr. Corbet Fletcher's activities with the Brigade commenced in j 916, when he was appointed Hon. Surgeon to the Hampstead Division of the No.1 District, which during his term of office won second place in the" Dewar" Shield Competition on two occasions. February, 1924, saw his promotion to District Surgeon of No.1
On behalf of our readers and ourselves we ask Dr. Corbet Fletcher to accept our heartiest congratulations on his new appointment. It is an appointment well deserved; and we hope that he will enjoy good health to carry out his arduous duties for many years.
FLAG DAY PUBLICITY.-The attention of the general public to your needs can be attractively arranged by purchasing copies of the Poster advertised in this Journal for your Flag Day and all other activities. Samples will be sent on request.
The result of the comp etition was announced as follows: 1st To. 2 t eam (Corpi. Grant, captain); 2nd No.4 team, (Pte. \Valler, captain); 3rd No. 1 tcam (CorpI. U01d, captain); 4th o. 3 team (Pte. Buggen captain). Tl1lltvidual competition (held previous to team test): 1st and year men; Pte. hapman, runner-up Pte. Flexoll; 3 to .J years, Pte. J. \Vhite, runner-up CorpI. Lloyd; 6 to 8 years, CarpI. Grant, runner-up Pte. ewman; 9 years and over, Pte. Waller, runner-up Pte. Leggott.
In addition to the competition prizes Mr. Pointer presented awards, and also Southern Railway ServIce medals for 7, 14 and 21 years' continuous serVIce.
Thanks to. the Doctor and also to Mr. Pointer brought these. proceedmgs to a close; dancing and other items carrymg on until midnight.
FINClILEY.-On SlU1day, June 28th, members of the Ambulance and. and Southgate Nursing DIVISIOn attended mornmg serVice at the Holy Trinity Church, East Finchley, at the invitation of the Vicar the Rev. Dr. H. H. Ascough.
The occasion was the dedication of a memorial to Mrs. Mildred King, a Dame of Grace of the Order of St.
Hampshire County Inspection. The ew County Colour.
and cadets Look part in the proceedings and the bearing, marching and appearance was a credit to the movement.
On the Recreation Ground the Chief Commissioner carried out his inspection and later presented Service Medals or Bars to Corps Supt. Pearson, Corps Officers Sherrin and Hewett (A1dershot), Div. Supt. Hawkes (Winchester), Amb. Officer Hammond (Southsea), Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Fulljames (Portsmouth), Lady Div. Supt.
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FIRST
Birch (Portsea), and Grand P r ior b adges to Cadetloan P. Hale and .]. Cockrane (of the Charmin ter "cadet 1\ ur Diyision).
A 1110 t dl tingui heel company wa present, inc1udin LT the of \\ 7inche ter (l\1r. A. T. Edmonds), the .:\J ayor of outhampton, Bournemouth, Christchurch, Lymington, Andoyer) Gosport and Aldershot, Lady DLUlcan) ir Philip and Lady Chetwode, Sir Edward .\ltham, ir Richard and Lady Luce) Brig. General Bertram Portal, Capt. J. B. Scott (High heriff of the County), Brig. General J. B. Drown, Col. J. R. G. Crosbie and many others.
l\Iajor A. Tennyson Smith} t 1.D. (County Commis ioner) was in command} 11aj or C. G. H. Morse (Asst. County Commi ioner) being second in command with :'1aj or F O Chappell (County Secretary) as Brigade :'Iaj or Lady District Officers 11rs. Hayes and the H on :'1rs. \\'hittaker ,vere in charge of the ursing Divisi ons.
Following the inspection and march past, at which ir John Duncan took the salute) the parade proceeded to the Cathedral. Here the Dean (Dr. Selwyn) conducted the service, during which the Bishop of Winchester (Dr. Cyril Garbett) consecrated the new Brigade Colour. This had been presented by the County Comm issioner, J\Iaj or Tennyson mith and :'1rs. Tennyson Smith} RRC.
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After tea, which followed) the members departed on their homeward journey.
Prior to the inspection the 11ayor and g-a.,'c a. luncheon party at the Abbey lIOll C at whIch many (l1stinguished O'uests assembled.
The tIayor proposed the toa t of "The Brigade," to which Sir J ohl1 Duncan replied.
OUTIISE,\ .-The annnal inspection of the South ea Di\'i ion was recently carried out by the ounty C0111mi ioner, Tennyson mith. lIe \\atched men at dri ll and first aid and later congratulated upt. (rIll and hlS members on their work and on the way the Di\'i ion had progressed. He to Amh. Officer \V. (;. Rarry his warrant of appomtment. of thi Di\'i ion, under 'upt. GIll, attended the County in pection at Winche ter, Amb. Officer P. Hammond receiving the enTice from John Duncan.
No . III. D is t ric t . ORTIIAMPTO:>f.-The annual in pection of the 1\ orthampton Corp \\as helel on Sunday. June 7th, \\'hcll
H amps hire Co unt y In spection.
Sir J ohn puncan, Chief Commissioner, In spect in g the Nursing and Ambulance P e r sonnel at Winchester on Jun e 14lh.
Transport Officer Rose (vVinchester) car ri ed the Colour, accompanied by Sgt. Harris and Hon. Sgt. \i\'ristbridge, Supt. Burley being the officer in charge of the Colour Guard.
The Bishop) in his sermon} traced the history of the Order from its origin in Jerusalem. He referred to the pre'sent day activities mentioning the excellent work done 01, road duties and the new responsibility which rested upon the Brigade in regard to the protection of the civil population against gas warfare.
After the Blessing, Asst. Commissioner Major Morse recei"ed the Colour and handed it to the Chief Commis ioner, who, standing on the steps of t h e dais before the altar, formally presented the Colour to the County Brigade.
The parade then reformed and marched to th e Guildhall where the Chief Commissioner addressed them. It had been, he said) one of the finest shows h e had seen It had been a most dignified parade which reflected great credit on :'1:ajor Tennyson Smith and those w h o had helped him. Sir John gave particulars of the Brigade's -activities during 1935 and said it was a r eve lation that there were so many people willing through St. J ohn 's to render to the public valuable vo luntary se rvic es.
Dr. L. W Dryland, Commis ioner, accompanied by County Officers C. W. Curtis and F. Holgate Smith, M.B.E., was the Inspecting Officer. Lady DIstrict Supt. Mrs. M. Reeves} A.R.R.S.} accompanied by Lady County Officer :'1iss L. E. Mawby, M.B.E.} in pected the nurses.
The parade) w h ich totalled 335 (1+8 men) 175 nurses and 12 Borough Police) was under the command of Corps Supt. W. E. Edwards} M.B.E., assisted by Corps Officer E. J. Hayward. The Ambulance Divisions represented were Headquarters (Supt. H. 1. Edwards), Daventry (Sergt Young), Ea rls Barton (Sergt. W. Lord), Towcester (Supt. R. E. Sutton), Weedon (Amb Officer F. 1'. Whiting) whi l st the Nursing Divisions, under Lady Co rp s Supt. Miss K. Bradford, A.RRC. were Headquarters (Lady Supt. Miss E. Cowley), Casti li an (Lady Supt. Mrs. J en11lngs, M.B.E.,) Spencer (Lady Supt. Mrs. S. Li eves l ey), Daventry (Lady Supt. Mrs. E. M. Shaw), Towceste r (Lady S upt. Miss R B ea le), H eadquarters Spence r and Towcester Cadets under Lady Officer Miss E. H owe, Lad y Cadet Supts. Miss Ward and Miss Oldham respectively.
Following the in spection a number of practical test cases we r e tr eated) followed by the march past.
Dr. Dryland expressed hi s pleasure with the numb e r
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on parade, equipment and work done, which proved they were takmg an mcreased interest in the work of the Brigade. Mrs. Reeves addressed the Nurses.
No . IV . District LANCASHIRE.
RA\vTENsTALL. - The eighth annual review of the Ros.sendale Valley Units of the S.].A. B., was held at Park, Raw:tenstall. Prior to the inspection of the the InspectIng Officer, judges and officials were entertaIned to luncheon at the Qu ee n's Arms Hotel by the layor of Rawte?stall (Alderman 1iss C. Whitehead, J.P.),
The Inspec.tlng Offi ce r was Asst. Commissioner Major ] A. 1acken z le, M.A., M.B., and the judges were Dr. mall.ey, Bury Dr. Struthers, Ed e nfield; Corps Officer Emmlson, Ha lingden, for Bay Cadets; and Mrs. Kirby .of o urhall HospitRI ) for the Girl Cadets. The co mpetItIon com prised the march pa t, ge neral smartnE'SS in
the work done by the men, women and cadets and the need to be efficient and up-to-date, especially in 'their air raid precautions work.
The Deputy Mayor of Wigan thanked all and congratulat.ed the members of all ranks for the good work they were dotng.
The trophy for the Nursing Units was awarded to Crosfield Nursing Division, and the one for the men to Standish and Ince Divisions, both having tied for the first place.
LVTHAM.-Mr. R. M. Stothert, of St. Annes, donor of the road patrol huts to Blackpool and St. Annes Divisions S.J.A.B., hasjustbeen notified that he has been admitted to the Order of St. John as an Officer (Brother).
COLNE.-Units from Colne, Nels@n. Barrowford, Briarfield, Burnley, Foulridge, Trawden, Blackburn, Padiham and Barnoldswick and Earby Divistons, No.5 DIstrIct, attended the Annual Drum Head Service, held at
Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher Inspecting the Work done at the recent Northern Ireland (Ulster) District Annual Inspection.
the ranks, and bandaging tests, and was watched by a large number of people who were very considerably impressed The results were declared as follows :- " Trickett" Shield, Haslingden "A" Division, Haslingden Corps' "G h "C C h b h ." ra am up, raws aw oot DIvIslOn "Capt. Baxter" Cup, Has\ingden Nursing Division; " Winifred Baxter" Cup, Bacup Cadet Nursin cr Divison· "Dr. Brown" Cup, Crawshaw booth Cadet Division.
'YJGAN.-About .1,000 of all ranks were on parade at the FIrst Annual ReVIew and Inspection of Units in No.4 Area, 4 (Lanes.) District! and were inspected by the CommISSIoner Mr. W. G. Smith, O. B. E., who was assisted by Asst. Commissioners Col. C. H. S. Redmon d T D M.B., and W. H. Gastall, D.C.M., B.Sc. and Corp's G. A. Holt (attached to District Office). The officers in charge of the were: Ambulance Units, Corps S u pt. H. Potter (Wlgan), Nursing Units Corps S u pt H Wi!liams (Warrington). Corps "V. T. (Wlgan) acted as adjutant.
The Commissio n e r rernin<;led all present of the va l ue of
Alkincoats \ark, Colne, Sunday, June 14th. The service was J01l1t1y by the Rev. ]. H. Bedford, and the Rev. A. Sttrzake.r, the address being given by Mr. Stirzaker. l\lassed chOIrs. and an ?rchestra under Mr. Brierley undermusa::al portIOn of the service which was most After the service the Units paraded for inspectIon under the command of Assistant Commissioner R. Clegg, .M.R.C.S. Colonel C. ]. Trimble, c.B., C. l.G., Inspect1l1g Officer on the Staff of the Chief Commissioner was the Inspecting Officer, and was accompanied by Mayor of CQlne and .Mr. E. Duckworth, J. P.
After the inspection the parade marched off and a wreath was placed on the Colne War l\lemorial.
No. V. District.
Thirty 'Officers and 440 men attended the annual camp of the No. 5 District which was held on Castle Hill Scarborough, fr<;>m. May 30th to June 6th. ' Asst. CommISSIoner H. C. wq.s in (,':omma.nd? with
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Asst. Commissioner G. B. Armstrong second in command, Asst. Commissioner H. C. Chambers as District Surgeon K. H. Beverley as P.M.O., and DIstnct Officer G. E. Hardy as Adjutant.
Strict camp routine was observed, dnlls, practices fully occupied the SpecIal attentIOn was given to A.R.P. lectures. vVmd, ram and extreme cold weather interfered with the work on two days.
A Drumhead Service was held on the Sunday, conducted by the Rev. H. S. F. Collier, Assistant ChaplainGeneral, Northern Command, preceded by an early: bration of Holy Communion. A large number of VISItors attended the service.
On Friday, June 5th, an inspection was held by Brig. General T. W. Sandys, K.C.B., C.M.G., County V.A.D., West Riding, Yorkshire. An excellent .exhlbltIon of drill and ceremonial was given; the officer expressina- himself as being more than pleased WIth what he had s;en and with the camp arrangements generally.
On the Monday there occurred a remarkable of resource and pluck. A lad of fourteen, attempt1l1g to climb the 300 foot high cliff, got stuck 40 feet from the top: He c{)uld go up. nor d?wn and completely lost his nerve. HIS compamons ralsed the alarm and CorpI. H. Edwards: (Cadeby Colliery Division) a member of the Quartermaster's Staff), a rope fr?m unpitched marquee) fortunately avaIlable, and tIed It around his waist. He was lowered down the concave face of the cliff, got the boy on his back was slowly drawn up by his comrades to th.e loud of those who had witnessed the brave actIOn from the chff and the Marine Drive below.
It is hoped that more will be of this action, CarpI. Edwards undoubtedly saV1l1g the boy s hfe at a grave risk to his own.. Not long ago COfJ!1. Edwards rescued a boy from drownmg at home: he IS a worthy member of the Brigade.
No. 5 District recently suffered a great loss through the untimely death of Asst. Commissioner O. F. Buxton, and nowhere has this loss been more keenly felt than in the District Camp, of which he had acted as Quartermaster at each of the fifteen camps which have been held since the War.
He passed away about a month before camp whilst in the middle of the preparations.
ARMLEY AND WORTLEY DIVISION.-The annual report of this Division has recently been issued and gives details of the work done during 1935. Cases dealt with number 467, making a total, 191?, of 8,133. F?r the eighteenth year in successIOn publtc duty was carned out at the Armley Feast (five days) when 64 persons received attention Duties were also arranged at numerous other functions.
Once again this Division can that it every certificate available. In addltIOp to first al.d <l;nd home nursing eight members the Sa11ltatIOn certificate and pendants, whIlst nme have the required examinations in Hygiene, thus qualtfymg for Home Hygiene certificates and pendant.
The Division lost, by death, Pte. H. M. 1?allford, who had served the ambulance movement for SIxteen years Early this year on January 7th, the Division lost its secretary Officer p J. Moreton, by death.
Fou; members, Div. Supt E. D Glover, Amb. Officer Pemment Staff-Sergt. R. M. Wilkinson and Corpl. H. Taylor holders of the Service Medal.
The report closes with a hope that continued assistance would be received from the general public as in the past.
BRODSWORTH.-The No.2 team of Brodsworth Main Arnbt.llance Corps won the team test in the open competi-
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tion of the Staveley Coal and Iron Company's Corp, held at Warsop on aturday, June 27th, winning the " Hodson" Challeno'e Cup from twenty-three other teams. Harworth No. 2 was second. In the individual A. Box (Rossington) won first prize, and W. (Harworth) second. The Brodsworth of Messrs. F. Brunt (capt.), c. Wyld, A. Swame,. H. Hmton. In addition to the ., Hodgson" Cup the wmners each received clocks.
NOTTINGIIALVL-The Annual Church Parade of the Nottingham Corps, with Stanton Iron Works and Eastwood Ambulance DlvlslOns, was held on Sunday, June 21st.
The Ambulance Divisions, numbenng. 146 .officers and other ranks, paraded in front of the Umverslty College, under the command of Corps Supt. A. G. Weller, accompanied by Corps Supt. S. Ibbotson, and marched to St. Peter's Church, headed by the 31st N otts Boy Scouts ffi
The Nursing Divisions, with a strength of 92 0 cers and members, under the command of Lady Mrs. E. Paling, paraded in t. Peter's Gat.c,. the Church and preceded the Ambulance Dl\' ISlOl1S Into the Church. On arrival at the Church, the parade was honoured by the attendance of Asst. Comn:issioner (\. B. Gibson, J.P., and Lady District Officer GIb on. The Service was conducted by the VIcar, the .Rev. H. V. Turner, who, in his address, welcomed the Bngade and referred briefly to the history of the Order of St. John and the beneficent work performed by the members of the Brigade, with which) as a Parish Priest, he had on many occasions come into contact.
The eliminating competition for the cc Gibson" Shield, presented by Asst. Commissioner A. B. Gibson, J.P.,. for annual competition for ambulance teams from the Nott1l1gham Corps was held on Sunday, June 14th, at the Bath Street and the Parliament treet Depot of the Transport Board.
Four teams competcd at each venue, the tests being identical, the judges being Div. Suro-eop II. herrard, Basford Division, at the Schools, and DIV. Surgeon and Supt. Major J Cohen, Radford Division, at the Depot.
The Nottingham Corporation Passe?ger Transport A, Cinderhill, Carrington and Mapperley, be1l1g the two leading teams in each case, qualified for the final, other taking part being Nottingham Central A and B, Nott1l1gham City and Sneinton.
At the final, held on June 28th) Dr. A. A. Denham, Sneinton Division, judged the work done. It was assumed the teams were on duty at an ambulance station in a seaside town and were summoned to a man who had fallen into the Dock whilst working on a ship's side. He had been removed from the water and was found lying on the dock side in an unconscious state with a head wound and fracture of right leg.
Corps Supt. A. G. Weller announced the result which was: 1st Carrington, 142; 2nd Cinderhill, 127; 3rd N ottingham Gorporation p.assenger Transport A, 11 8; 4t h Mapperley, 107.
The arrangements for the competition we r e m a de b y Corps Officer C. Lewendon (Co rp s Secretary) a n d s up e rvised by Corps Supt. A. G. Weller. The shiel d and awa rds to the winning team and runners-up will be p r esented on the 'Occasion of the annua l inspecti on of the N o ttingh am Corps.
No. VIII. ( Duke of Connaught' s ) Distr-ict.
The annual review and church parade of the Kent County Divisions was held at Ramsgate on Sunday,
June 14th, when Colonel J. T. Woolrych Perowne, V.D., T.D. (Hospitaller of the Order) and Robinia, Viscountess Mountgarret, O.B.E., inspected over 1,700 men, women and cadets.
The inspecting officers travelled from Victoria on the 'outhern Railway, arriving a few minutes ahead of time, and were welcomed at the station by the Mayor of Ramsgate (Ald. H. Stead) and members of the Corporation, together with Commissioner E. A. Richards who intr.oduced the members of his District Staff including M.aJo.r W. II. Noble (Asst. Commissioner), Lady DIstrIct Supt. MISS Falwasser, District Secretary H. J. \Vrigglesworth, District Officers T. Potts and W. Hancox Lady District Officer Miss May and others.
A Guard of Honour composed of members of the Ramsgatc Ambulance, Nursing and Cadet Divisions was dra wn outsidc the stati.on and following the an officIal luncheon was given over which the Mayor presided.
The r-Sayor) proposing the toast of "The Brigade," recalled that five years ago the annual inspection was also held in Ramsgate. He was pleased that on the present occa ion the parade was bigger than ever, a sure proof of the O'rowth of the Order.
Coionel Perowne replied giving- particulars of the work done and dealt with the air raiel precaution scheme. Richards, in reply to "The Visitor " aId thl was the second time the Kcntish units had been 1Ilvited to visit Ram gate for their annual review and he desired to make known to the Mayor and the Burgesses of the Borough that the welcome extended was one they would never forget.
Commissioner, and incidentally a man of Kent, )'Ir. RIchards took great pride in the fact that the Brio-ade in Kent continued to grow and extcnd its Durir:g 193"" the Kentish units removed 20,1"'39 cases, coverIng 190.876 miles; attended 2,179 road accident with a mileage of 13,706. In addition thousand of hours were given function held in the County.
\Vlth regard to Ramsgate Divisions, the CommisSIOner looked upon the members as a1110nO'st the best in his District. They had carried out 832 covcr11,253 miles and attended 69 road accidents travellino' 33.1 miles. Such service, however, could not be Olrt the co-operation of the municipal authorities and polIce he .was ple<1:sed to pay tribute to the o-reat help always gIven 111 thIS dIrection in Ramso-ate.
In conclusion, Commissioner Rich:rd stated that the work in Kent was well done.
lunch the inspection took place on the St. Lawrence Cltffs followed by the march past, at which Colopel Perowne took the salute. IIeading the nurses' cont1l1ge!1 t marched the Herne Bay ursing Division team, wmners of the "Perrott" Shield for 1936.
The parade marched off to the a-rand stand where the Blshop of Dover gave an inspiring Tea. the service at numerous places, the Mayor, Ipspectmg Officers and the District Staff joininO" the at the Olympia. b Commlsslone,r RIchards took the opportunity of publJcly the Herne Bay Division on thei r SL1ccess m the Shield Competition. He thanked .the Inspectmg Officers for their support and once agam the Ramsgate authorities for their hospitality travelling facilities afforded members and thei; fa1?lites by the Southern Raihvay greatly added to the enJ oyment 'Of the day.
No. IX. District.
Nearly 500 Brigade men, women and cadets of Cornwall paraded on Sunday, June 21st, at BQclmin for the annual County Church Parade,
A I D. 9
The parade assembled at the Fair Park, under the direction of County Officer Landrey, the officers in charge of the various companies being Supt. W. Lanyon (Red ruth), W. H. Wenmoth (Liskeard) and W. Hearn (Bodmin) The Nursing Divisions and Cadet Nursing Divisions were under Lady Supt. Mrs. Townsend, by Supt. W. E. Butler (Camborne), and the Cadet DIVISIOns, under Cadet Officer W. J. Smith (Bodmin). An inspection was carried out by ex-County Commissioner E. Trounson (Red ruth), Dr. R. H. Hadfield, County Officer, Pendeen; Asst. County Commissioner W. VAl. Johnston, Truro; who were accompanied by parade officer, County Officer Landrey. The County Commissioner, Dr. W. Blackwood, was unable to be present owina- to being on leave. b
At the march past the salute was taken from the steps o E the Mayoralty by Asst . County Commissioner Johnston
The parade, headed by St. Breward Band, under Mr. R. B. Bawden, and Bodmin Town Band, under Mr. W. T. marched to Centenary Methodist Church, where a serVIce was held under the leadership of the Rev. R. R. (superintendent minister), and an address was gIven by the Rev. W T Price.
Mr. Greenslade extended a hearty welcome to the Bngade and read a letter from the Mayor of Bodmin (Col. F. M. M. Bawden) expressing regret at his inability to be present. The Mayor concluded his letter with "We shot;1d like them to know how much we' clate theIr servIces."
A collection was taken during the service for the County Benevolent Fund.
After the service the whole company marched to Coldharbour Farm where tea was served.
Coming Events.
T h e Edito r w ill be p ease d to re ceiv e pa rticula rs of fo r thcoming ev ents f o r inclusion (fr ee of cbarg e ) un de r this b eadi ng.
J ULY.
24 - R oyal We lsh Agricu ltural S how Ambulance Competition, Aberge ll.
25 -No. 1 (P r ince of Wales's) D istrict, S. l. A. B., Annual Fl ag D ay
Cent.re, S .l A.A., Annual S tretcher CompetitIon, Zoologlcal Gardens, Clifton AUGUST.
1 to 8.-N urs in g Pe rs onn el, S l .A. B., Annual Camp, R ossa ll Sch ool, near Bl ackpoo l.
to 8 -Nursing an d Ca d et Pe r so n nel P riory for Wales, Ca m p, Ba rr y I s lan d.
S EPTEMBER .
12.- Ba rn old swick Co r ps, S .l. A B., O pen Amb u lance and N ursi ng Compet itions
19 - W a k efie ld Ce n t r e, S .J. A A., CI Mi lton" Shie ld Ann ual Co mp et it io n, Wakefie ld.
The Table n of War Gases which appeared in our August, I935 issue, can be had in page form at the nominal charge of 2/-. per 50, post free. Applications should be sent, together with remittance, to
" First Aid/' 461 Cannop-stteet, London1 E.C.4 .
8 FIR S T
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Przory for Wales.
ApPOINTMENT OF PRIOR.
The Suo-Prior, the Right Han. the Earl of Plymouth, P.C., who presided at the annual meetings at the Chapter and General Assembly of the Priory for Wales held in the City Hall, Cardiff, on June 26th, announced that His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent had been appointed to the office of Prior, formerly held by His Majesty the King when Prince of Wales.
The following telegram was despatched from Chapter to the Duke's Secretary ;-
"The Sub-Prior and Members of The Chapter of the Priory for Wales, here assembled, beg to convey to Your Royal Highness their sincerest appreciation of the high honour conferred upon them by your acceptance of the office of Prior in succession to their beloved Prior when Prince of vVales ; and assure Your Royal Highness of their duty and devotion during the years to come."
During the course of the day's proceedinvs the following acknowledgment was received :-
"Please accept, and convey to the members of the Chapter of the Priory for my sincere thanks for their kind message of appreciation.
"I look forward to taking up the office of Prior for Wales in succession to His Majesty The King, and I trust that the fine work of past years will be continued in the future. "
Fitting reference was made to the passing of the revered Sovereign Head, His lajesty King George the Fifth, which had deprived the Priory of the privilege of having the heir to the Throne as Prior. During the seventeen years from the creation of the Priory in 1918 to the present, the association of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales had fructified in a development that had left no uncertain mark upon the social and philanthropic life of the Principality; and after recounting such the Earl of Plymouth moved the following resolution :-
{' That the most loyal and grateful thanks of this Chapter be accorded to its late Prior, while Prince of for his illustrious and eminent services to the Priory from 1918 to 1936 ; and that this Resolution be respectfully submitted to His Majesty."
Chapter met at 11.30 a.m., the Reverend Canon J. A. Lewis officiating; and the Executive Officers reported on their various spheres of activity. Subsequently members of Chapter in company with the Lord MayDr of Cardiff (Aldermnn G. F. Evans, J.P.) were entertained to luncheon by Lord Plymouth. In the afternoon the Lord Mayor extended a civic welcome to sixty-five members of the Order of St. John on the Roll of the Priory for Wales present at General Assembly, assuring them of the continued support of the City Corporation in the further development of the work with which he was proud to be associated in his personal capacity as Chairman of the Cardiff Centre. The Han. John H Bruce, Principal Secretary and Commissioner for \,yales, outlined various aspects of the Priory's activities, dealing with the subject of First Aid in Industry and especially mines, Air Raid Precaulions, Cadet Cam ps, and reporting on the developments in each of the nineteen Centres of the Priory. Referring to what might be considered an adequate proportion of ambulance men to the population of Wales, he pointed out that the Priory might reasonably aim at doubling its present Brigade mem bership of 12,480 to a total strength of 16,000 senior and 8,000 iunior.
The Sub-Prior invited questions or comments; and
Lady Ada Mather-Jackson, O. B. E., J. P., spoke as Lady President of the 10nmouth _ hire Nursing A sociation, on the question of 1edical Comforts Depots.
A vote of thanks to the Sub-Prior for pre iding was passed by 1\lr. Daniel Daniel, who expressed the indebtedness of the Priory to the Earl of Plymouth for his valuable contribution to its work.
\VELSII lEll'lBERS I ST. JOHN'S DAY HONOURS LIST.
On the recommendation of the Priory for \Vales, the following admissions to and promotion in the Order were approved by Chapter-General and sanctioned bv His :\Iaje ty the Sovereign Head.
As Commander (Brotlzer), jrom qtJlcer (Brotlzer).
David Martyn Evans-Bevan, J.P., Treasurer for \Vales and Commissioner of the Glamorgan ounty Centre.
Michael Cyril Oswald Hurly, L.R.C.P.l. and L.i\I., Ynyshir, Senior 1edical Officer of the Brigade in the Rhondda.
Edgar Llewellyn, ]\L B., Ch. B., CardifT, om missioner of the Cardiff Centre.
Thomas Edgar mith, Cardifr, Honorar) Architect of the Priory.
vVilliam Edmund Thomas, O. B. E., J. P., L. R P. and S., Porthcawl, member of Standing ommittee.
James !'.lacintosh \Vilson, 1\1.A., 1. B., Ch. B., Aberdare, Commissioner for Aberdare.
Sydney vVilliam, 1 R. C. S., L. R. C. P., L1anelly, A sistant Commissioner, Carmarthenshire.
OtJicer (Brother) (rom Serving Broth e r.
Robert Baird lilne, 1. D., Bridgend, Divisional Surgeon. Officer (Brotlzer).
Theodore Ashley, H. M. Divisional r nspector of lines, Swansea.
William Brynmor Davies, J.P., i.E., Cymmer, Chairman of Rhondda Centre.
Edward Gibbon, Clydach, Swansea, Honorary President, Clydach Town Division.
Charles G. Gilbertson, J.P., Pontardawe, supports local Ambulance Work.
Edward Meredith Griffith, J. P., M. D., Abercarn, Hon. Class Lecturer.
Owen Tern pIe Morris, M. P., Cardiff, H on. Treasurer of City of Cardiff Centre.
Frederick Ernest Rees, Cardiff, Director of Ed u cation, Glamorgan County Council.
Gwilym Aeron-Thomas, Swansea, Member Headquarter Committee.
Esau Arthur Williams, J. P., Pontardulais, Honorary President, Po ntardulais and District Corps.
Office?' (Sister)
The Hon Mrs. Alastair Cooper, Erwood, La d y P r esident, Brecknod:shire Centre.
Serving B1'otiter
Ivor A. Chivers, Superinten d ent, Dyfan Barry Div is ion. Glyndwr Davies, County Officer, Aherdare. Evan Edwards, Treasurer, Rhondda Fach Corps.
Captain Alfred Thomas Nea le Evans, Assistant Commissioner, Pembrokeshire.
Howell Howell, Superintendent, Cwmavon Division. . Jonathan Jefferies, Superintendent, Duffryn Aman Dlvlslon.
John Powell Jones Jenkins, i.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., County Surgeon, 10nmouthshire.
Gwilym Jones, Corp ecretary, L1ynfi Valley Corps.
Charles Gordon Mackay, 1\1. B., Ch. B., Surgeon Iwyn Corps.
Robert Henry Prolhero, ,\ssistant Commissioner, Anglesey.
George Ed\"'ard Smith, Ambulance Officer, Llaneli y
G. W. R. Division.
Sen'Lng St'ster.
Miss Daisy Cue, Lady Cadet Superintendent, L1anelly.
Miss Alice Rosser, Lady uperintendent, Cardiff ursing Division.
CO TEST FOR ROAD TRAN PORT "VORKERS.
The succe of a r\ewport leam in the first competition employed by Undertakings operalJOg In Cardd1 and dl!>tnct, made Tewport the venue for the second annual conte t, which took place in the Town Hall on \\'cdne day, June 3rd, when '\lr. J. Young: Gener?l. .\lanagcr of the Count)' Borough of ElectnClly and Tram \\ a} s Department, presided over a representatn' e as embly.
Five con iderable interest being taken 111 the practl al test which featured an accident to a bus while travelling along a counlry road with two passengers, one of whom \Va found to be ufTering from a head wound and concus ion, and the other from a fracture of the hur:,erus and clavicle of same side. The judges were A istant County ur?,eon Dr. J. P. J. Jenkins and Corps urgeons Dr. G. L. Pierce, Dr. R. . :'IIorris-Thomas and Dr. A; .\1. who awarded the following marks :_
ewporl Electnclty and Tramways Department 321 We Welsh, Auerdare, 3t6!; \Vest Omnibus Board, Blackwood, 285!; Cardiff Corporation Transport Deparlment, 280 ; Red and \Vhite Services Ltd Chepstow, 233l .,
!he Hon. - John .Bruce (Principal ecrelary and CommiSSioner for Wales) In the course of his remarks referred lo need for inleresting th?se in the goods of the transport IOdustry 111 first aid work and the Priory's proposals for working up a national competltlOn for these men in due course.
INTER-COLLIERY Ai\lBULANCE COi\lPETITIO
Eight teams drawn from the western area of the Powell I?uffryn Associated Collieries Ltd., took part in the annual contest for the" Peter HaiO' Thomas" Shield and "George Oliver" Cup, held at on Saturday, June 20th. Major A. W. Anderson M B Ch. B., Vale, and Dr. E. J. Williams: cymmer, adJudlcated; and the marks awarded were as under :-
Order of Merit.
Total. Team Captain. Marks. Naval A. Supt T. Rees 160iFerndale Corp I. J. Williams
Tylorstown No.1 Sergt. J. G. Davies 13Jt Maerdy Corpl. J Reynolds 123iTy l orstown No.2 Corpl. D H. Wi lliams
Naval B. Sergt. W. H. Newbury
Llwynypia CorpI. J. Jayne 110Brittanic Corps Officer]. Parry 10it
A large n, u mber ot guests attended the subsequent tea and presentatlO.n meetlOg at which Mr. Tudor Powell, M. E. (Agent, Cambnan P.D.A.C.) presided. He said the Company f ull y rea lt sed the value of first aid trainino' and ur ge d t h e teams to ma intai n tl>p very high of
efficiency had Mrs. T. Powell presented the Peter Halg Thomas Sllleld to tbe Captain of the Naval A handing a barometer to each member, and the George Ohv.er Cup the Ferndale team, whose members each received a wnstlet watcb
Appreciative were added by Mr. D. L. Jones, '\lanager, Cambnan Colliery, Mr. R. J. Bennett alld 1'.1r. T. B. l?assett, Inspectors of Mines; and grateful thanks to the and Directors of the Powell Duffryn Associated Ltd., a.nd to the judges were accorded on the prop.osltLOn of CaptalO T. E. Richards, J.P., M.E., Commissioner of the Rhondda Centre.
National Ro a d Pa ssenger Transport Ambulance As sociation.
The.final round of the ambulance competition held under the auspices of the above Association took place at Hudderson. Sunday, July 5th. The finalists are decided by elImlOatmg contests and the ultimate winner becomes the holder of the" Stirk" Challenge Trophy for 12 mont11s. member of the team recives a gold medal, prizes also belOg awarded the runners-up and winners of each area can test.
T.he arrangements for the competition were made by the comn,llttee of the Huddersfield Corporation Tramway and Omnibus Department, assisted by the General lanager (Mr. H. C. Godsmark), members of the Ambulance Division acting as stewards.
Those present included the :\layvr of Huddersfield, Col. Redmond (No. 4 District, S.lA.B.) Corps Supt. Haig (H uddersfield S.]. A. B.), and many officials of the Road Passenger Undertakings throughout the countr\'. H. Stansfield judged the stretcher test, each team recelvlOg the following card of instruction :-"A man driving a horse attached to a is standing on the left side of the when the horse is startled by the noise of a motor bus I? which you are travelling. He is thrown off the shafts, c1uthlOg at the shafts with his right hand. The front wheel passes over his left thigh just above the centre. The man's home is i mile away. Deal with the case. Useful questions will be answered."
The other judges were Corps Surgeon \V. O. F. Sinclair (in.dividua1 practical) and Corps Supt. Capt. H. E. Cooper (vlVa voce). Both gentlemen are members of the Birmingham " C" Corps, S.J.A. B.
The result was as follows :-1, Midland Red Motor Omnibus Co. Ltd., 3-Ht; 2, West Bromwich Corporation Transport Dept., 300k; 3, Western Welsh Omnibus Co. 28-+ ; 4, Huddersfield Corporation Tramways and OmOlbus, 283t; 5, Notts Corporation Passenger Transport, 272t; 6, ?\Ianchester Corporation Transport, 2471 ; 7, West Yorks Car Co. (Bradford), 232. The Area contest winners were Notts Curporation (Midland Area) and H uddersfieJd Corporation (Northern Area).
The 0: Huddersfield, who presented the prizes, pald a tribute to those who had taken part in the com petitIOn.
A copy of the rules governing this competition, which is open to all Road Passenger IT ndertakino-s in the United will be sent to any such upon application Mr. D Hardy (Hon. General Secretary), 129 Road, Small Heath, Birmingham. The final for 1937 wtl1 be held at Manchester during the month of July.
When you wr ite to any of o u r Adver tise r s kind ly ment ion FIRST AID It dosen 't cos t you any t h ing and it pleases the Advert isers, and Us
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A. J. Thomas's Modification of the Thomas Knee Splint. *
By JOHN C. STOREY, O B.E., M.B Ch.M.(Sydney), F R.C S (Eng\and), F.R.A.C S., AND A. ]. THOMAS, Superintendent, S)'dney Municipal Council Division, St. John A mbula1tce Brigade.
IT has been recognised for many years that Thomas's knee splint is the best appliance for use in fixing a fracture of the thigh for the purpose of transport. All surgeons who served in the Great War of 1914-1918 will admit the truth of the statement. For some reason the authorities responsible for the transport of injured civilians have been slow in adopting the sound principles of first aid which were the means of saving many lives and limbs of soldiers.
Through the Divisional Surgeon, Dr. A. M. Purve5, one of the writers (J.C.S.) was asked by A.J.T., Superintendent of the Sydney Municipal Council Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, to demollstrate the first aid use of Thomas's knee splint. J. C.S. showed a picked squad the method of applying the splint. The men quickly became expert in its use.
On making inquiries of the ambulance transport authorities we found that certain objections could be raised to the use of the standard Thomas splint. One difficulty is the great variation in the size of the thighs of civilians of both sexes and the resultant need for carrying many splints. Another is the unfortunate position that many of the ambulance waggons are too small to accommodate a fair-sized adult lying down with his thigh in extension on a Thomas's splint. The writers are glad to learn that an honest attempt at standardisation is being made, especially by Mr. Mitchell of the Central District Ambulance.
A.J. T. was shown the Bulletin of the American College of Surgeons (1) on the treatment of fractures. In this publication he saw a sketch of a modified splint which had been used by the American Medical Services during the War. In this sketch the top ring is replaced by a reversible half-ring. A.J. T. appreciated the advantage of this arra'ngement, having regard to the stowing of the splint and to the ease of application to the patient. He set to work to design a stable splint which could be packed into the smallest space, adapted to a thigh of any size, and capable of being fitted after application into the new standard ambulance waggon, allowing closure of its doors.
'* Reprinted from the Medical Journal of Australia.
(1) The Bulletin of the American College of Surgeons, Part II, March, 1934.
As the model developed, J.C.S. tried It In two cases of fracture of the femur in his ward at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, with the result that certain minor defects were rectified. The final desiO'n with a scheme for the standard first aid h treatment of injuries of the lower limb in general, and of fractures of the thigh in particular, was submitted by the writers to a committee of the Council of the New South Wales Branch of the British Medical Association. The committee unanimously approved the splint and the scheme.
The object of the writers is to put before the medical profession and all ambulance authorities a compact splint and a definite method of improving the treatment of injured civilians during first aid. It is thought that the new splint maintains the principles of Hugh Owen Thomas and has definite advantages. J.C.S. is satisfied that it can be adopted for use in the con tin uous treatment of a fracture in hospital or home.
large (ten inches in diameter), medium (eight and a half inches in diameter), and small (seven inches in diameter), both halves being sprayed with zinc to provide suitable friction surface and protection. The upper halves of the side bars are made of half inch bright steel tubing, the lower halves manufactured of three-eighth inch bright mild steel. Each side bar pulls in halves at its mid-point. The halves are united by means of a slot and pin and are made secure with a locking thumb-nut.
The head is permanently attached to the two upper halves, and the two ends of the lower halves have a solid cross-piece casting welded in position.
To the centre of the cross-piece is attached a small drum and ratchet, provided with a handle to pull through a Bowden wire on a double hook which slides along the side bars for extension.
A self-retaining rest fits into the ends of the cross-piece. This rest may be folded under the side bars, placed as a support, or pulled into a superior position and used as a point for slings.
Each turn of the handle pulls the sliding hook down one-sixteenth of an inch. A release pawl is provided for the ratchet.
The whole splint (Figure 1), with accessories, fits into a canvas bag two feet five inches long and one foot five inches wide and three inches thick when closed.
(To be contz"ntted.)
Ol'del' of St. Joh n.
The annual festival of the Grand Priory in the British Realm of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem was held on St. John's Day, June 2·Hh. The anniversary service, conducted by the Rev. L. ]. Sub-Dean of His 1ajesty's Chapels Royal, was held in the Grand Priory Church, Clerkenwell. The Right Rev. Palmer, a Sub-Prelate of the Order, preached the sermon.
The half-circle head of the splint is made of flat mild steel, three-quarters of an inch by one-eighth of an inch on edge, well padded with cow hair and covered with bag leather. The flat mild steel allows the half circle to be narrowed or widened as required by the size of the patient's thigh, and the thick padding assures a soft pressure on the tuberischii. The head works on a swivel joint on each upper end of the side bars. Each flange is provided with a fixation pin attached to a short chain.
The inner end of a stout strap is fixed to a metal" D II so that the strap can be renewed without interference with the padding. The outer end fits into a buckle, so that the anterior half of the head can be adjusted to any size.
Each splint is provided with three heads j
After inspecting a guard of honour composed of men from No.1 (Prince of Wales's) District, under the command of Captain A. C. White Knox, l\1.c., M.B., Asst. Commissioner, H R. H. The Duke of Connaught (The Grand Prior), and other members of the Chapter General walked in procession from the Chancery at St. John's Gate to the Chu{'ch. the service a new altar frontal designed and executed In embroidery and applique by Miss M. Garford, a Dame of Grace of the Order, for the Grand Priory Church was dedicated.
After the service the Grand Prior presided at the General Assembly of the Order which was held in the Chapter Hall.
Major-General Sir Percival Wilkinson, Secretary-General, and Director of the Ambulance Department, Colonel Woolrych Perowne, Chairman of the Order's Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem, Major-General Sir John Duncan Chief Commissioner of S.J .A. B. at Home, and Colonel J. L: Sleeman, Chief Commissioner for S.] .A. B. Overseas, reported on the work of their respective departments during the year.
Col. Sleeman gave a brief account of the Visitations by him under the 0rand Prior's mandate in the Precept?nes for Southern Afnca and New Zealand and his inspecbon of the Order's establishments and activities in Australia Colombo, and Malta.
The E arl of Scarborough (Sub-Prior) expressed the pleasure of the members of the Order that the Grand Prior was able to be present.
The Grand Prior in reply said it gave him great pleasure preside over the General Assembly. He had been greatly Impressed by the favourable reports of the work of the various departments of the Order during the past year, and he wished the Order and all those responsible for its many activities continued prosperity during the years to come.
Police Ambulance News.
METROPOLITAN.
On July 1st, the" F" Division Inter-Station ambulance competition for the" Toms" Cup was held at Paddenswick Road Section House. The judge was Captain F. E. Bendix, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., who officiated in the team and individual tests.
Five teams competed, the winning not taking part, and some good work was witnessed by Supt. Varney, Chief Inspectors Briggs and Shephard, Sub. Di·... Inspectors Parramore and Hill. P. S. 'Vheatley, captain of the "National" team, was the competition secretary.
In the team test the patient had fallen heavily to the ground from a speaker's stand and competitors found him insensible with a fracture of left tibia, with wound, haemorrhage from nose, a fracture of right clavicle and also suffering from shock. The individual tests were: Nos. 1 and 3 had to deal with with man suffering from dislocation of right elbow and scald of left arm; Nos. 2 and 4 ha.d to treat an insensible man who had sustained a bruise on forehead, bauly crushed foot, with wound, and concussion.
At the completion ef the tests Supt. Varney announced the results as follows: 1, Kensington B, 149; 2, Kensington A, 124 3, Chiswick, 111 ; 4, Notting Hill, 108t; 5, Hammersmith, 102t. Novices Individual: P.C. 's Hudson and Lake (Nos. 1 and 3 Kensington B team).
Supt. Varney presented the prizes and extended thanks to Capt. Bendix for judging, to the stewards for their great assistance, and to the patients. The competition was, he said, run with the object of getting together a team wbich would be able to replace the Championship team when the time came for the present members to stand down.
Capt. Bendix congratulated the competitors on the standard of their work. It was essential that the examination of a patient be made carefully. He saw no reason why with practice they would not be good enough to compete for the II Pim " trophy.
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The Preston Corps of the S.J .A. B. held a church parade at Longridge on Sunday, June 28th. Corps Supt. E. F. Millington was in command, assisted by other Corps Officers. The Vicar of Longridge (the Rev. C. W. W. Bramley) preached the sermon.
Three hundred ambulance men and nurses paraded at Evesham on Sunday, July 5th, for the annual inspection of the South Worcestershire Corps, S.] .A. B. The inspecting officer, Major J. Orton, took the sualute, and later the Divisions gave a display of practical work.
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Razlway Ambulance News.
Gre at Western.
HOIOURS.-Following recommendations made by. the Great \tVestern Railway Central Ambulance Com1'TIlttee, the undermentioned members of the staff have. been admitted to the Order .of St. John of Jerusalem m the grades shown:Officer: Mr. \tV. H. J. Daniell, Fore?lan Shunter, Traffic Department, Gloucester (from Servmg Brother).
Serving Brothers: F. Overbury, Clerk, Department, Hockley (DIV. Ambulance Secretary, Blrmingham Division); Mr. L. M. Starr, Oerk, Goods Department, Cheltenham; Mr. A. Copsey, Passenger Guard Traffic Department, Stratford-on-Avon; Mr. F. Male, 'Foreman, Traffic Department, Martock;
The Vellum Vote of Thanks of the Order has been awarded to Messrs. R. G. Nodder, late Div. Ambulance Secretary, Plymouth, Mr. E. M. Lewis, Swind.on, and Mr. W. E. Winter, of Neyland, the last havmg been awarded on the recommendation of the Pnory for Wales.
BARMOUTH.-About forty members and guests assembled at the Lion Hotel, Barmouth, on J une on the occasion of the annual dinner and presentatlOn of awards to the Barmouth Junction ambulance class. Mr. D. Spurrell Davies, Asst. Traffic Manager, presided and dist.ributed the awards, congratulatmg the recipients on thelf success. The of Central Wales ambulance division was, he sald, an envIable one, for at the recent census taken of ambulance workers on the railway, the figures for Central \yales we.re highest of the whole line. Of all exerCIses posslble 111 leisure hours ambulance work was surely the most commendable, for it was so unselfish. ,
The awards included a gold bar for twenty years efficiency to Mr. H. T. Lewis. Dr. J ..Pugh Jones, .lecturer, was presented with a cheque by ,Slr Charles on behalf of the class members. SIr Charles, p.aY111g tribute to Dr. Pugh Jones' services, said he see an ambulance class in every village and a divIslon 111 every town. Dr. Pugh Jones who proposed the toast of St. John Ambulance Association, said it :was most essentIal in these days that railwaymen and pollee should be prepared for every emergency by being qualified to render first aid.
An excellent concert programme was rendered dunng the evening.
SWINDON.-To mark his thirty-one years' association with the Swindon G.W.R. Divisional Committee of the St. John Ambulance Association, .Mr. W. Watts, who. is shortly retiring from railway serVIce, w.as presented WIth a pair of opera glasses on behalf of hIS c.olleagues at a gathering recently held at Park I:I0use, SW111don. !vir. G. Culling, who made the presentatlOn, referred to. long and happy association with Mr. Watts, and saId It wa's doubtful whether there was an older member of the Order of St. John at Swindon.
Mr. Watts obtained his first aid certificate in 1890 at Ilkeston and joined the Swindon ambulance class in 1897 He has been a member of the Divisional Committee since 1900 and a member of the Swindon Division of the Brigade since its inception, the post of honorary treasurer since 1924. He recelVed, 111 1921, the honour of
Servl11g Brother of the Order of St: John recognition of his services, and also holds the Com pan) s gold medal for twenty-five years' effiCIency.
Ambulance workers throughout the Great "'!e tern Railway will have special reason to regret U:e retirement of Mr. J. F. Lean, O.B.E., Principal A Slstant to the General Manager, for since the year 191J he ha been Chairman of the Central Amhulancl: Committee and regarded as " father" of the movement.
FIR S T
Geneflal Manager, and it is pleasing to be able to report that he has also accepted the Chairmanship of the Central Ambulance Committee vacated by Mr. Lean.
In the triennial appointments to the Committees of the Order of St. John, Mr. Adams Oarke has accepted membership of the Association and Ambulance Committees in succession to Mr. W. G. Chapman, late Centre Secretary, who has been a member since 1925. In this capacity he will represent the interests of the Great Western Railway and its employees.
London , Mid l a nd a nd Scottish.
For the third time since the inception of the competition Crewe, 1lachine hop, \\ on the International Ambulance Contest. This year's event was held at Euston on June 25th, "'hen three English and three Scottish teams competed.
The j udg-es wert Dr. T. ]. Coakley, of Liverpool (team), Dr.. \V. II. of Gla go\\' (individual), and Dr. T. C. D. \Vatt, of Glag-ow (oral).
The team test dealt \\ ith a motor accident in which the captai.n of llstaincd a severe cut on right palm; \\'h11 t the mdlvl(jual and ,<,iva. voce well tested the kno\\'ledO'c of the competitors.
Mr: <;:;. L. Darby<;hire pre ided at the subsequent prize pre entatIOn _ and .thanked , ir J o<;iah tamp, President of the tor hIS attendance at the gathering to present the awards.
Sir Josiah said the conte t \\as the culmination of a series of ambulance test which had stimulated the keenne s and zeal of every branch of the Company's staff, and day th ey had een the attainment of ambulance work
AID. 15
Sir Josiah presented the chalJange cup and individual prizes, congratulating the competitors on the splendid efforts.
Among those who witnessed the competition was Mr. E. G. H. Lemon (Vice-President), Sir Percival Wilkinson (Secretary-General, Order of St. John), Col. D. J. Mackintosh and Mr. James H. H. Henderson (Chairman and General Secretary, respectively, St. Andrew's Ambulance Association), Mr. D. G. Monteith (Competition Secretary St. John Ambulance Association), Mr. A. C. Harris, Miss Mervyn, Capt. W. Goodley (Secretary G.c. and G.E. Ambulance Centres), and others. Mr. G. S. Hill was the competition secretary.
HEADSTONE LANE.-On June 23rd the third annual London District Goods Managers Ambulance Competition was held at Headstone Lane. Eleven teams entered for the team test and forty-three for the individual competition.
The judges were Dr. Rosefeld (stretcher), Dr. D. Walker and Mr. Workman (individual) in the team competition, and Messrs. Winfield, Woodgate, Jordan, Calder and Hopkins in the individual. Mr. Milburn (District Secretary) was responsible for the arrangements.
In addition to the ambulance competitions cricket, ladies' and children's sports, tug-of-war, etc., were enjoyed by the large number present.
Mr. Castleman, London District Goods Manager presided at the prize distribution, supported by' Mrs. Castleman, Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Harris, Miss Mervyn and many London Goods Agents.
The Chairman welcomed the large gathering. The total number of competitors was ninety-eight and. the work done had been well done. He hoped that a Goods team would eventually gain the first position in the London final.
Mr. Milburn announced the results as follmn: Team test: 1, St. Pancras, 154!; 2, Commercial Road A 153' 3, Broad Street A" 141. Individual test: 1, Miss 105; 2, CockIngs, 90. The third prize was awarded ta the hIghest first year member, Miss Allenby, with 87 marks.
Mrs. Castleman presented the prizes also the " Castle.man" trophy to Mr. Kirkham, of This trophy IS awarded to the indiyidual knock-out competition held previously.
Votes of thanks were extended to Mr. and Mrs. to the judges, and others who had assisted 111 makmg the event so successful and enjoyable.
Mr. J. F. Lean, O. B. E.
Mr. Lean has had forty-nine years' service with the Great Western Railway and may be said to have. entered the ambulance arena in 1919 when he was appomted as Chief Clerk to the General Manager, .since. when he been a familiar figure at staff functl.ons m cO.nnectl ?n with the movement throughout the raIlway. HIS personality and sympathetic attitude towards the first aId movement endeared him to ambulance w'Orkers, and no one was more jealous of G.W.R. ambulance prestige or displayed keener interest in the dissemination of first aid knowledge among the staff.
It will be recalled that m recogmtlOn of hIS serVIces to the ambulance cause Mr Lean was created an Officer of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in 1931, and was among those selected to receive his insignia at the hands of His Late Majesty King George V.
Mr. Hervey Adams Clarke, who has been closely associated with Mr. Lean in connection with staff and ambulance matters on the Great Western Railway for many years, has been appointed Staff Assistant to t h e
L.l\1.S.
International.
Sir Josiah Stamp presenting the Championship Bowl to Cre\-ve (Machine Shop) Team
at. its very highest. It was a matter of gratification to thInk that were now no fewer than 24,000 workpeople qualIfied to engage in the highest degree of work on the Company's system, and the r e was actiVIty connected with the L.M S. that gave the Glrectors and management greater satisfaction.
result was as follows; I, Crewe Machine MachIne Shop, 26H; 2, Bushbury, 3 Moss End' 4, Bridgeton, 5, Mayfield, 215; '6, Polmadie;
London and North Ea stern.
The tenth annual L.N.E.R. International Competition was held at York on June 12th. Parkeston and Tuxford the English teams, Dunfermline and Eastfield and CowlaIrs, the Scottish.
The judges were Capt. A. C. White Knox, of London (team), and·Dr. W. H. Scott, of Glasgow (individual).
Those who watched the teams at work included Mr Hornsby (Div. General Manager, York), Mr. C. M: JenkIn Jones (Supt. N.E. Area), Mr. S. T. Burgoyne Manager), Mr. G. Sowerby, Dr. McBride (MedIcal Officer), Mr. James H. H. Henderson (General Secretary, St. Andrew's Ambulance Association), Mr. W. R. Ferguson, Mr. D. G. Monteith (Competition Secretary, St. John Ambula?ce Association), the Centre Messrs. BeverIdge, Wright, Goodley and. SmIth, WIth Mr. Cooper (N.E. Area) as competition secretary.
t4 FIRST AID.
FIRST
Mr. Hornsby presented the shield to the Parkeston team who w e re successful for fourth time. Tuxford were Dumfermline third} and Eastfield and Cowl airs fourth.
Both judges addressed the competitors, being agreed that the work done had been very well done. Capt. White Knox was greatly impressed by the smart method used in loading ambulance by the Scottish teams.
At the luncheon which followed Mr. Hornsby welcomed the visitors. He expressed his admiration of the enthusiasm of the Company's staff for the ambulance movement. The North Eastern Area had during the present session gained 2 ,675 awards} with thirty-four first class results still to come in. Mr. Hornsby thanked the doctors for their services as judges and especially welcomed Messrs. Ferguson and Henderson of the St Andrew's, and Mr. D. G. Monteith of the St. John Ambulance Associations. He also thanked Mr. Cooper , who had done so w e ll as the competition secretary.
The judges} Messrs. Ferguson, Henderson and Monteith, briefly replied thanking Mr. Hornsby and the Company for the h o spitality extended to them.
Twelve teams competed at Retford on Saturday, June 13th, for the "Machlure" Challenge Cup, open to t e ams from the Great Central Section.
Dr. Cou t ts Wood (BulweU) and Dr. A. A. Hope ( Byfi e ld) were the judges, their awards being 1st Tuxford, 271 2, Northwich, 24n; 3, Langwith, 246!.
The Mayor of Retford (Councillor W. Clark) a railway ambulance man} presided at the tea and welcomed t he visitors.
The Mayoress presented the prizes.
The presentation of awards at Whitby took place 011 June 26th, Mr. F. H. Tetley, Stationmaster} presenting the awards.
Dr. Baines , junior class lecturer, was the recipient of a cigarette casket and cigarettes presented by the class to mark his recent marriage.
Binding Copies of "F.A."
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Send your copies for the last Volume (July, 1935, to June, 1936) and we will return same bound in an attractive case of leather cloth, with the title of the publication in gold letters on the front and side and the eight pointed cross on fron t for 6s., post free.
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Reviews.
BAILLIERE'S NURSES' COI\lPLETE IEDICAL DICTIONARY.
Revised by Margaret Hitch, S R. N., in collaboration with Charles F. Marshall, l.D., M.Sc., F.R.C.S. London: Bailliere Tindall & Cox. Pr£ce JS.
It must be a source of gratification to all concerned that a new (and sixth) edition of this Dictionary, which was first published in 1912, has been called for after an inter\'al of only fifteen months. Consequently 1iss Hitch, who was responsible for the fifth Edition, has taken advantage of the opportunity of re\' ising the book completely, of making new entries to the extent of some 1,050, and of adding three new Appendices (Abnormalili(;s in Urine, Ga es used in Chemical Warfare and Methods of giving drugs), while the Dictionary now contains 145 illustrations to the text.
The present issue, like its predecessors, i easily carried on the Nurse's person and is warranted not to make an unsightly bulge in the region of the patch pocket of her uniform. It is comprehensive, correct and concise; and it is printed in clear type on excellent paper. The main part of the book i composed of a Dictionary of Medical Terms, arranged in alphabetical sequence and in each instance a ccompanied by hints as to the true pronunciation and the book end with 13 useful Appendices, each of which deals with orne ubject of vital importance to the nurse.
While the practical value of the book has been much improved by the inclusion of additional matter belween its main part and also in its Appendices, special care has been taken to avoid undue increase in its bulk. This has been accomplished by the deletion of certain item whicb are no longer of importance to the modern nurse and yet the net increase is 84 pages.
In these circumstances readers of FIRST AID and especially those who undertake voluntary duty in London and the Provinces will be well advised to equip themselves with this, the latest edition of Bailliere's Nurses' Medical Dictionary which at all times and especially in emergencies will prove an interesting and an instructive companion.
WARWICK FIRST AID TO AND TUNSTALL'S INJURED AND ICK
Edited by F. C. Nichols, M.e., M.B., Ch.B., Divisional Surgeon, St. John A mb1da1lce Brigade. Bristol: John Wright & Sons, Ltd. Price 2S. 6d. net.
First published in 1901, this well-known and popular manual of first aid is now in its 15th edition, of which the chief alteration is in the greatly increased space given to the chapter on Gas Poisoning in War/are. As the editor rightly states, this subject has recently become a matter of national importance. Hence this chapter has been entirely re-written and furnished with illustrations which embody the latest expert views upon gas precaution and the treatment of casualties; and being based on the official Air Raid P1'ecautions Handbook it is authoritative.
As in previous editions the manual is divided into two main parts. In the first the essential facts of the anatomy and physiology of the human body are set out accurately and so that the student can acquire a thorough
knowledge of the structure and functions of the normal healthy person. In the seco.nd part instruction begins with the use of ; the tnangular being described first as the more sUltable for improvisation; and it is followed by tl:e trea.tment of blee?ing !'J nd wounds, and of fractures and thes.e being the injuries for which in an emerskdled aSSIstance is most frequently and most urgently mdt<;:ated.. Next. follows the treatment of asphyxia in conit is. noteworthy that the manual still perSIsts m ItS of the name of "Silvester."
:r hen , careful in the handling of cases of and of the vanous local injuries, there follows an admIrable chapter on Trans-nort 0' Sick and Iniu d .
I I lb" r 'J 'J r e In w llC 1 t le su Ject dealt WIth from every conceivable anale?n land and by raIl, sea and air. In cidentally, it is Ing to note that.the recommend thRt patient's suffering from fracture-dl locatIOn of the spine s hould be removed as found and who have been s everely burned should ?e WIth a vIew to their subsequent treatment in an InstItutIOn by the tanni c acid method.
!he draws to a close with a c hapter on COlJlp ehlzon TT ork will be useful to those commencing lhis bra.nch of fir a Glossary of T erms which will be of great asslstan.ce JunIor tudents; and it ends with a very comprehenSIve lll?ex rn sh.ort, on ce again we w e lcome TVarwz ck
Tunstall s Flrst A Id which, in our opinion should b gIven a place in the librarie of all keen readers of FIRST
THE lA EUR'S CO:\IPANIOi'\.
By Arthur J. Bowman, 1. I.e. I'll. London: The Ac tinic Press Lld.
Pr/ce 4 S. n et.
useful little book is the re ult of a WIde practical and is olTered a a book of reference to all interested n the art. of massage It presents in a form, which is not too a co ncise survey of the medical and sur ical fondlltlons amenable to massage, while it explains the or t le treatn:ent advocated. Neatly printed on good paper the book, fits the pocket comfortably, includes blank for additIOnal notes whereby opportunity is given for stor.Ing accumulatin/? fu;-ther information; and it is WIth an alphab:tlcal Index 'which facilitates immelate reference to the varIOUS conditions. Trulu the bool . to be co d d' J <: IS d mmen e SInce It accomplishes what its author eSlres.
The annual inspection of the Dorset S JAB I ld on S d ., was le T un ay, J 28th, at Blandford, Col. C. J. Ellis, e.l\1. G., D., was the mspecting officer.
'3 E
FOUND.-At Colchester, Silver Labels No. 138221 for the years 1919 and 1924. Owner can obtain same from Cg,pt S W Goodley, Centre Secretary, L. N. E. R., Liverpool tahon, E. C. 2.
31 E'
The S.urrey branch of the British Red Cross Society held Inspection, drumhead service and competitions at rkIng on Sunday, June 28th. The Bishop of Croydon the address at the drumhead service, and the Lord 1 of Surrey (Lord Ashcombe) inspected the six lu t n red members of Detachments on parade and took sa ute at the march past.
Ambulance from News Cuttings the Press.
The Editor invites to send newspaper cuttings on matter of general mterest for inclusion in this column.
RARE CAUSE OF FRACTURE.
While cooking a meal Mrs. Susan Benstock (aet 65), of Stepney, E. , suddenly felt her leg become fixed, and could not move. She was found to have fractured the left femur, and died later.
At the inguest yesterday, a doctor said !\Irs. Benstock was :'In extremely hea vy woman, and her weight would make her lIable to such a fracture.-Sunday Pictor£al.
MISTOOK IODINE FOR WHISKY
. Mrs. Ellen t\nn Street, aet 93, took a fatal dose of whIch she had mlstaken for whisky.
Her son stated at the inquest at St. Pancras yesterday that he always left his mother some whisky in the when he went to work, as it did her a lot of good. There was a!so a bottle of iodire, which was used to treat her a fall some time ago. It was left on the mantelpiece. O? I\1.aY.23 she was found groaning on the floor and covered WIth IOdIne.
A of "A c cidental death" w'as recorded.-MornIIlg Adve rtlse r.
LUCKY, VVHEN UNLUCKY.
" T\vo-a?d. Marian, daughter of the Lu.cky Wtlsons, of St. Clement-street, Islington, is in recovering from shock and bruises, which she sustaIned afte; she had fallen head first nearly 30 ft. from a top-floor wmdow at her home on to the flagstones.
J:Ier !all was broken wben she ligbtly struck a man standtng 111 the yard. previously in the last nine months members of the famdy. have narrowly escaped death. Her father, Mr. vVdson, was with another man when several tons of bricks fell. on them ,!,he otber man was killed, but he escaped 'With an arm Injury. -Daily Sketch
RISKED LIFE ON LIVE RAIL.
A young BootIe policeman risked his life last night in an unsuccessful attempt to save the life of a 10-year-old bo who st.umbled across.the live rail of the L.M.S. railway beiween LIverpool and Atntree.
The was playing with his brother when he rushed on the !tne to recover a stick, stumbled and fell ac the live rad. ,ross George Delgarno, who was in his home off dut immediately dashed out, flung his coat on the 0' d tY 'd I 1 t->roun 0 avol a s lOC <: and pulled the bov's body off tIle l' '1 Da£ly Sk etclt. J Ive ral.-
. A party for the ambulance officers of the DerbyshIre DiVISIOns, S.J.A.B., and their wives and friends, took place at The Hayes, Swanwick, Alfreton, on Saturday, July 4th. The party was arranO'ed by the Asst Co b. mmlsSlOner .for. Derbyshire (Mr. H. C. Chambers, of Beighton) .DlstrIct Officer Goodwin, of Chesterfield. The CommISSIOner for the (1r. S. W. Malkin, of Cheadle) addressed the gathenng.
16
AID.
F J R S T
A I D. !7
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Our Nurses' Pages.
COMPILED BY AMBULAN C E SISTER.
No.1 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.
No. 69 (S. Ry. CORPS SOUTHERN) NURSING DIVISION.
-The awards gained by members of this Division at various competitions and examinations were presented at a gathering held at the Clarendon Road Church Hall, Lewisham, recently, when a display of First Aid and Home Nursing- was given.
One interesting feature of the evening was a tableau representing the different kind of work done by members of Nursing Divisions, while Lady Div. Supt. l\1iss Pear ce brought the house down with her acting in "Granny goes shopping."
The members were honoured on this o ccas ion by the presence ot their President and Vice-President, Mrs. Webb and Mrs. Hayes, who each presented their silver cup to the successful competitors. Other awards were presented by :\lrs. McCaffrey and Lady District Officer Miss Grindley.
There were many friends and spectators present, among whom were Corps Officer W. Miller and Supt. C. E. Harrison.
No. 2 DISTRICT, S.J .A. B.
A bed-making competition between pairs from Nursing Divisions in Gloucester and Cheltenham was held at Gloucester recently, the judge being Sister Tutor Denley, of the Gloucester Royal Infirmary.
Tbe chair was taken on this occasion by irs. A. G. Randall, who was supported by Lady County Officer Miss D. Faber, and Lady Div. Supts. Miss Caruthers-Little (Cheltenham) and Miss E. Chambers (Gloucester).
The results were: 1, Cheltenham; 2, Cheltenham Centre; 3, Gloucester.
The cup, the generous gift of Mr. Caruthers-Little, was kindly presented to the winners by Mrs. Randall.
No. 5 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B. NOTTINGHAM CORPs.-Through the kind co-operation of Miss German, of the Nottingham Education Committee, Domestic Science Dept., a course of instruction in Field, Camp and Invalid Cookery for members of Nursing Divising of the Nottingham Corps was recently held at Nottingham. It was followed by an examination for the St. John Ambulance Association Certificate in this subject.
Nineteen candidates took the examination, sixteen successfully passing the tests, which was a very salisfactory result, especially as it was the first course in this subject to be held in Nottingham for members of the Brigade.
The certificates gained were presented at the Nottingham Education Office by Miss German on Friday, June 19th, the recipients being highly congratulated on their successes.
WOMBWELL NURSING DIVISION -At the competitions held on Saturday, June 27th, at Denby Dale, a team from Wombwell Nursing Division was awarded first place and the" Bagden Hall " Cup, given by Mrs. Norton.
Through the kindness of Capt. Brownhill, the tests were stage in the grounds of Oakfields, Denby Dale.
Mrs. W. Sandys, of York, kindly presented the cup to the winners, together with Jacobean glassware to each member of the team-Mrs. Jenkinson (leader), Mrs. Whittaker, Mrs. Skidmore and Miss Palmer.
The nineteen Voluntary Ai.d Detachments of the British Red Cross Society in ottinghamshire, paraded at Highfields University, lott ing-ham, on Saturday, June 13th, for Annual Rally and Inspe c tion, and were honoured by the presence of Her Royal Highne ss the Princess Royal, who was accompanied by Col. G. G. Tabut ea u, D (Northern Command), Dame Beryl Oliver, and Irs. Doyne. Col. J. Jardine, the County Director, presented the D etachme nt Command ers to Her Ro ya l Hi gh nes
Following the inspection, an interesting- c remony took place in the main hall. His Grace the Duk e of Portland had given Colours to the Nottin g ham sbire Branch, and these were dedicated by the Bi5h0p of outhwelJ. The two S€.nior Commandants of the ounty, l\1iss Pendleton and 1\lrs. Torrance, hand ed the Colours to the Prince Royal, 'who gave them to the Colour P a rty con isling of Harbidg-e, Ii s los, liss Gordon and two sectio n lead e r s. Harbidge was in cha rge, and the preci ion and martness of the squad called for general admiration.
Th e ceremony of dedication and pre entat ion of 01ours was followed by the presentation of cu p and medals, and speeches by His Grace the Duke ot Portland and the Lord layor l'lf Nottingham
The occasion lost some of its pectacular value by bing held indoors owing to the bad weather, but the rain ceased in time for all the detachm ents to proceed out of door for the march past.
After this, the detachments paraded in the west park, where they formed up with the Colour Party and were then dismissed.
V.A.D. INSPE CTIONS
Following the recent display by the Croydon Ambulance Division of the .J .A. B. of the use of gas masks in an air raid, the women members of the Surrey 146 Voluntary id Detachment of the British Red Cross Society (Croydon, Purley and Coulsdon Division) were seen similarly equipped and ready for action at their annual War Office Inspection held at Croydon, on Wednesday evening, June 17th.
A mock air raid took place, but the members were also seen engaged in infant welfare, massage and the training of probationers.
For the raid, a smoke bomb was exploded in the grounds, and" casualties "-members of the 22nd Croydon B. P. Scouts-were to be seen on all sides. First aid was rendered on the spot; stretcher bearers removed the " patients" and wounds were immediately re-dressed by the nursing members in a model hospital ward.
Gas-ma£ked members of the detachment meanwhile stood by in case of need, and a gas proof room, of the type suggested for use in any ordinary house, was ready.
Sixteen members of the Detachment belong to the air ambulance section, their duties being to fly in attendance on patients. There are three Surrey air ambulance detachments based on Croydon and Hanworth, each comprising two pilots, three mechanics and two engineers.
The Inspecting Officer was accompanied by Colonel L. F. Renny (County Controller and Assistant County Director) and Miss Turner (County Secretary and Assistant County Director). Colonel E. M. Cowell (County Director), Colonel and Mrs. J. Crimmin, Mr. D. O. Rawling (Divisional Secretary) and Mrs. Rawling, Captain and Mrs. W.
______________
Droolnl, Ald. alld 1\lrs. F R ees I) 0
( :\1 c.I' I Or-,- f ' r. fo en Jus P bl "
1(:a, Icer 0 Jlcalth, Croydon) and ,\Irs. IIolden,
('ll Ig-, :'Ilr. and l\ lr s. G. E. Ives, and l\lr. and Mrs (172nd
J. T. Quarterman werc al"o precnt.
I ',_ thc on parade afterwards, the 2/6
. n Ofll cc r that it gave him great pleasure to NET. Postage 3d. an ,-·rTil'ient detachment. lIt! referred 't WARWICK & TUNSTALL'S :lll e,\cL'ptlona! c.ktachment also, on the ground that " FIR
111 f()r e\ er) thJJ1g of thc \'Cf\. latest suell' as b I 1 II J, < a r a 111 U an ce
tOI'::. e cO I-dl<t1ly lhankedthe Commandant 1\li s Prest TO THE INJURED &. SICK. .or all .the trouhle she had taken in with tIle' An Advanced Ambulance Handbook Insrectloll Ill' t1so 'd tl' I Edited by F. C. NI HOLS, ;\1.(,;., .\1.B, Ch.B., L.I{.C.P. L n s I' <. sal l <lt tlC equlrmenl of the ward" late Capt. I{.A T. ) , .• k'n.t, congratulated the nurses on the 1""I'epara- One of th t (1011 of II1\alld dlel'). < e 1110S concise \\-'o rl-{s on the subject pub- lIshed at a popular price. "-.F/rst id Journal.
Rcnny addl'd Ilis congratulation, referrin specl,lIl) .to appearance of the detachment on pa ad g S12'e" FIR.ST
AID" WALL DIACRAMS
lI e de cnbed It a "di tinctl), ""ood e' r h I b r e. (2ft 2 b 3 f 4' of the count,." Ir e y apu\'e the in the b 1l1ba \ tn. ) Enlarged from the Illustrations t' , I , 1 IS rest on C a ove n 00. Invaluable for Lectures & Classes. dll of hcrdetacllllll'llt, whi c h had so greatly increaseu of pl9 sheets on cartridge paper, with tIll' past) l'ar. Ad' net. ost 9d., or onLlOen 70 - net. Post 1 -. d tIL YOLl to be in e"ery way a keen and happy R dOPcted by t?e War Office, the Admiralty and the British c ,lC ll11cnt, said olonel Renn\ "and I Id e ross SOCIety, etc. lrrL'ate r con1pll'll1"llt tll,'lll tl1,"t." " cou not pay a "W II ,.., " i be (ound most use(u Th d
jects have been selected with e ,agrams are clear and goo d, and the sub·
-:;-BRITISH MEDICAL May be confidently recommended."
Well selected (or their purpose II trouble." -HOSPITAL. wi certainly save the Lecturer much
\Icmbers of Ken l 5) \ \ 0 d \I r· S P J - '" , un er the com mand of ". -. on, Were IIhlwdcd at Bi'Tgin Ilill aerodrome on :\Ionucl}, June 22nd, b, Cl)1 F :\ I· D' urn'" I • .... a ), Irector of the II cctll)n 01 till Royal Herh ert IIosrital \Y ooh" I I l ,:a5 accon.lpanil'd h} l l) l. Pyc.l)li,er and :'IIi s B It,,cl'f tlL ounl.\' Dlrecturate. a en 0 and ;i of rOl)nlS haJ. heen transformed into a hospital \\ a ... ,)f case" after a g-ilS allack frolll l-he
, ("t1:- e:-;pre5 .... pleasure ",ilh all he llad seen and :' ciS pdrt,cularly pll'acd to ee that tl Illlprm ised. le C'ljulpment ",as
Lad} Camdcn, Prl "iJl'r.t of Kent \' \ 0 . . Jlledals and bars gained by members
V \. D. IIf'rt 8 (Walford) paraded on aturd ()th, at the Girls' Grammar School \\ fda). June cO':,lll1a nd of Commanc.lant :\Iiss \-\'eall f 0: ' under the OOlce In pection. There \\'a .' or lelr annua l \V ar full tn:nglh of 30. onl) one ab entee from the \ demonstration of first aid treat from enemy gas bombs wa (r', (1l1lent to c.asualties those \\'ho sa\\' it ,rai ned :-..lc.I\cn In t le g)'l1lna lum, and war. ;-:,< some I ea of the horrors of a future
\Vitllin G seconds of tile I warning, a sljuad . d WIll gas set to work alle\'iatillO' - equlppe the len victims of the raid TI t> the ufTerings of to'> Y f <. le patients were tran 11 t d c< gas-proo shelter, where first aid was or e traccs of gas removed. rendered and all
Other mem bers of the d I home nursing. etac ll11ent were examine d in
Major Routh, the]11 e t' om parade on its efficiency : lcer, congrat ulated the the anti-gas trainin o had b Slll31 tla l and sai d that Col - S :-,' cen we gIven.
G . J. .' Dunne, County Orcraniser B R S ough, Medical Officcr of the d ....., Dr. S. Borough 1\ledical Officcr f H etac hment, Dr. VV. J. Cox, were among those IJr esent tl Lady Knutsford '. c: le InspectIOn.
Items (Divisional news and com " II1g duti es, lectures (,lC) f tl petitIOns, social, interestAmbulance Sister T'I EOdr liS page should be sent to 'I le" Itor FIRs- A 4 st reet, London, E.C.4. 1 10, 6, Cannon-
Tlll'rd Edition. Cro'zo1l 81.'0. 3'"? ;)- pp. 5s. net / postage 5d.
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Que ries and Ansvv ers to Correspondents.
Queries will be dealt with under the following rules:-
1. -Letters containing Queries must be mal ked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST A D 4 6 , Cannon'street, London, E. C. 4·
2 -All Queries must be accompar ied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.
3.- The Textbook, to which refe' er;ce n:') 1 e n :.ce in tLis col un n is the 38th lI928) Edition ofS.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.
WITH CO:\I:Ill:-\l'TED
,\. L. (Cre\ye).-I n a recent Brig-ade Cl1l11pl:tition I applied extension to a Comminuted Fracture of tilt! Leg, and my action cost our team 1U marks. I will appreciate your "iews 011 this po' nt, because, in the of a fradure \\'ith fragmcnt - protruding-, \\ e are definitel\' Lold not t(1 appl) thoug-h there i::, 110 such '\\·i.uning- with a cOIllIllinutLd fracturc. J ha\'L' alwa\'s understood Ruk 5 (pp. 5() and 57 of Textbook) tn be applicable to all tractures, the unly exception being, as it when the fraClure is COllllJuund and the bone protrudes.
Your action being strictly in accordance \\'ith thc instructions of the Textbook, then on "wr of facts am forced to the conclu"iot1 that penalty was unjust!) imposed on your team.-N. CORBET FLETCIIER.
HOWLEIL
D.S. (East Ham). III a recent exall1inatillll till' surgeullexamincr asked a member of l)UJ' \\ hat was meanl b\" the phrase « abuse l'r stil11ulants," ane! ,,'as l11uch aI;lu!:'ed '.\ hen he replied _ "Tvu Jl7Uc/l 'hlilicr in your 'Ze/lI-SA')' .' »
Cood! 1\ ext, please! !-l\. C. F.
I\CIION OF PRGSSIC Acm.
H. (L\::\ tonstune). - Further to thc lIULI') J1ublislled under the a-boYc heading in the January issue of ,\11>, I shall be grateful if you will kindly explain in detail the action of Prussic Acid which I also alwap regarded as a corrosiYe until I read your reply.
Prussic .\cid (<:-o-called because it was first obtained frolll Prussian Dlue) produces its effects whether inhaled, swallowcd or applicd to broken skin or mucous membrane. It is a powerful nerve poison which rapidly causes paralysis of nerves, of brain cells (including the centres which control respiration and circulation), and of hc<u,t mu<,cle.
Death commonly results trolll asphy,"ia bccause the respiration usually fails flrst except whcn the heart is instantaneously stopped by a large dose of the poison. Since death may occur with rapidity, treatment is often of no avail; but, if treatment he possible, it is directed to counteract this threatened paralysis of the central nervouS s) stem.
Free stimulation, therefore, is indicated by the administration of alcohol, by the use of painful external stimuli
AID.
which, as in Opium poisoning, reaeL renc \.l ) on h e n e r vo u S\ :;te111 , and <llsl1 lw Cl)ld douches \\'h eh act l11il a ri y , bu more especiali) at exciting the respiratory ce n t r e o il1Lreascd a'ti\'ity. :\.C. F.
C.\l"SE 0[' S\\ ELLll'<t;
c. P. (CartliIT). ,\t our usual weekI) Di\ iiona Pr act ice, a littlc \\ hile ali"o, a di"'cussion arose as to the ph)' io l og ical cause of swelling. Various ans\\ ers wcre given; an d 1 am going to be frank and sLate that I am not a lL og"ether sure on Lhi puinl. l\e\ l'rthl'les , to g i ve Ill)' class and 111' ... e1f sati faclll1n, [ am suhmittinr.:- hi s question to )'l;U, and 1 trust Yl)U will us the benefit of your It ng- and valued cxperil'ncl'.
.\s the said, \'llt! 1ta\'L' a ked a 1l1l)uthful!! In short, a s\\'cllillg beint.;: «(IS till! uictionary tells u ) "a prolllsion l1r tUIlll'ur," I reg-I'd that paL \\'i ll not me to explain "the ph) sioh)gical cause of s\\'clling."-. -.C.F.
USE YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF FIRST AID TO ADD TO YOUR INCOME
You have the . opportunIty
In your
hands
TI
(l)urlwl11). The dangl.:l's a:.sociall'd with pelwl C<lllllllt bt; c,ag-ger:ttcc.l. Recent I) , lhe fin; in the dri\'L'rs' l1lL Sroom of a h;l\'ing- burned a 'yl'ung ell i\l!r threw :;Ol11e pcLrl)1 tin it frl)11l a pail Flames immediateh burst forth, burning the l1lan un his arms, and neck, abo injuriL'''' to livl of his fello\\' dri\ ers \\"ho \\'ent to hi.., help. I ndeed it was fortunate that the garage did not go up in namcs ! !
Familiarity brL'eds contempt: and thc use l)f petro l has becomc suclt an nCCl;ssi1r that folk are apt to forget its uang-ert)us pn)pertie:-;. I1enc\.. the usC'fulness of your report, for which we thank you. ,. C. F.
RESPv. 'SlInLIT), FOH S
j.C. (:\lan,he..,tLr). \\'e 1111'Illbers of thl' Bl'lIe Vue Loco ,\l1lhulancL Class and Compel ition Team \\'l)uld be I11l1c h obliged for your remark.., on the follu\\'il1g incidellt :-
A serious a('cidc-nt occurreu tu a \\'l)rkmant\\ 0 \ 'ceks ago, a< our Three of liS <ILlendeu to this ma n and put him on our own :':ttrdchcr, awaiting the arri\"al of the motoralllbulance. \\'hen the ambulance arrived, the policeman inform cd us ti1,tt we musL u e their stretch cr. Ill' placed the iLuo strelclll:rs togethe r and had to reach over the Lv\ 0 of thLll1 to lift the pat ie n t, although we did nut consider tl1at \ as light.
On the ambulance, the roliceman l ed h e way, the patient being- carried feel first, to the a m b ulance. "'e asked him if head jil's! was not the correct way to lead; but he rcpli{;d "lcel jirsl ))
In our training and competition work, w e h ave al ways been instructed to load a motor ambula n ce head jirsl and <" horse ambulancc fecI jirsl We h ave ju st passed our 6th year and we t h i nk h a th e treatment given on this occasion was altoget h er wro n g i\lay I ask if the policeman shou ld have ake n c h a r ge o f this case The paticnt, I am sorry tv say, di e d ea rl y nexl morning. I am a regu l ar rea d er of F RST AID, and m)' comrades and myself hope to sec yo u r r e m a rk s 11 he next issue of the journa l.
If an accident occurs in the street or any publ ic pl ace , the police oj"flcer, as the representativc of t h e l aw, is th e right person to take charge of the emerge n cy On yo ur statement of facts, howevcl', yo u seem to h ave erre d in y our
I E in the of training fnl flr>.,t <lId (1PCI1S up ll1.tn) allIed subJccts by which 111telllgl'n.llllln WOl1len can adJ \astl) to their knowledge and l»l1slderahly tlh"retlse thcir usefulness in the valuable practlL'l'.
,.\l11hili()uc:, nJ'L' their natural gifts al1d l1111r(' and J1WJ'e In profttablc aCCl11111t h\' karnin" in tilL:lr pare lill1l' 1.1ILTilti\'c cmploynlL'l1t \\;Ilich ill harnL " s \\'Ith thl'lr hohby.
On.L thL: SUbjLlts \\ hich i" closch a sncialcd with I'll "t ,\ Id IS S\\ l'di..,h \1 as and joint' \LIJ1ipulatioll, an e:'q1L'rt of \\ hieh is il1\aluahle to the elliciency uf l1f :\ur:-ilng- and ,\Illbulance unit '.
Y o u ca n tra in fo r a D iploma f or a f e w s h illing s a m o n t h. edish and joint :\I anipulation i in COJ1tanL dellltlnd for .1l1;lny purposes hut to he of l'eal benefit operators he tr;l1lled <lJ1c.i hold a recog ll i ed ljualillcation
If you .tre a ljualifIed operator you are head and a"hm 0 those who arc not and your professional wtll enable ) ou to take with confidence pri\'ate throug-h. and Surgeon:;, ;'\ ursing Homes, ,\thlettc Clubs, eec., for \"hich good fees a r e paid.
) Th"c free bo.ok ent tled ":'I l anipulati\'e Therapy as a I rok" Ion)) publt. hed by the I nst i tute of Leatlle r heacl has heen t h e means of introc.iucin'T to lRrlre numbers of 'Its read, l . I h.., e l s lC sImp e posta cou r sc of i nstruct ion w hich h as pro\'ed a t u rnIng point i n C:1 r cers
Get this free book
It dea l s w i h t h e subjects t aught by the I nstitute and onl?' }:o u of the practica l a p plication of Swed ish l In all Its u ses, b u t it te ll s yo u HO W i can be ctpp l le d to t h e p r act Ice of First A id HO W to co pri\' t . 110 .' nlll'enCe a a e prac tl ce ,. - ,\1 to obta w spa r e ti m e patie n ts, H O \ V a T ra In er of At hl et i c a nd F ootba ll Cl u bs w hat
IYD U ca n c h a r ge a nd o th er in va lu a bl e in fo r mat io n whi c h 1 ea d yo u o s u ccess R ea d wh at rh ese p as t st u de nt s say _ « Altho u g h m y t r eat m e n t is o nl y do n e i n m)' spa r e I a111 h av in g p at ie n ts e nt to m e by seve n or eia-ilt tlJ e r ent D oc t o r s. ]. S. i\L " 0
" I. ca nno t say too mu c h in p ra ise of th e S1\1 \ E tUItIOn, It pro v id es f o r th e hi g h es t p o int of
_
and has gained fnr me Doctors' support, 100 per cent. good results and many patients. -]. D "
"
\Iy \\"eeks drawing is at L)3 ll(' J....y, and , am al It all day and c\'ery day except SUl1da). fhankll1!..; you tor the
"You :yill no doubt be pleased to hear that out of 10 odd applIcants I ,,-as appointed Head Trainer t(l the .. , . e nited Football Club. \\,ith this appointment and my O\\'n pri,-ate practice I am \'ery busy indeed.j.:\.:'IlcP."
A wonderful O p p ort u nity
Thl' demand for trained and lJualillcc.i operaturs in :\lassage joint i\lanipulation is constantly Illcreas ng and I1l1\\' I the opportunit\, for enlerprisin'Y men and women to enter a paying profess'ioll \\"hich is o\ercro\\'ded and in \\'hich there is much scope.
You can take the S:'IL\E Institute Coursc of in truclion by pL1 ) ou li\'e, at home or abrL)aJ., and in ,-our spare lime WIthout interfering with your normal employment.
First, 11 II in and post the Coupon below, and obtain for )'u.ur elf \\'Jthout paymenL or of any kind a coPy of thiS \'a ILl able book....
a I • Fill in and post this Coupo n t o-day.
J I• The Secretary, : 50, SMAE INSTITUTE , LEA THERH EA D, SURREY : 1936
I I Pl e a.se se nd me wit hout cha rge or obligat ion a copy of t he In stitut e's Book" Man ipu lati ve Therap y as a Pr ofession."
j • I Y,U/E " ,,........... I I State whether M r., Mi;s·... .. .. .. .. .. .... ... I I ,lDDRE , , , , • • " i .................. .................................... .................
FIR S T
FIR S T A I D.
I
i
• .......
zeal to give explicit obedience to police in tructions \"ith reference to chang-ing stretchers; and, on my part, I cannot imagine any police officer intE'rferring \vith the wny in which you carri d out thi operation \ 150 I wonder if you realise that even to-day the patient must be placed leet lirst" in some motor ambulance.
- In this connection, let me tell you nn incident which was once reported to me by a man whom I knew to be a most efficient first aider and whose action I afterwards and whole-heartedl)" approved. Seeing a boy fall in the street, my man at once \\·ent to his assistance and was treating for a fractured clavicle, when up came a !
Demanding to know what he \Vas doing. the latter refused to accept the first aider's explanations and, when he protested, threatened to arrest him for obstruction if he persisted with his (( interference." So, realising that the policeman was legally responsible for the emergency, my man withdrew his sen·ices without further delay and quiet1)" ,,·ent about his 0\\·11 busine s !-N. C. F.
TREATMENT OF ELECTRIC SIIOCK.
\v. H. (Strood). -A man employed at our \vorks recently suffered from Electric Shock and, as I was away at the time of the accident, he \\"as treated by t\VO would-be first aiders as follows :-
After being- lowered from the crane of which he \\"as in charge, ' it was suggested by one of the men that the unconscious man's head be immersed in cold water to revive him. The other, however, said thrlt fresh air would re\ i\,e him. So they carried him outside (ill tlze ra/n), laid him on a door, and trerlted shock by placing o\·ercoats, etc., O\'er all his body, head included. \\'hen
I arrived 15 minutes lrlter the unfortunate man was still in the r::lin, no one assisting him in anyway, although there were about 50 b\ standers. "Vhen I asked one ,,,hat treatment he had given the pnti e nt, he replied that he was just keeping him warlT' until t he doctor arriyed
I myself had tbe patient removed into a place of shelter and warmth, namely the Works' Ambulance Room, where after treating- him as set out on page 150 of the Textbook, I restored him to consciousness before the doctor arrived.
\Vill you please comment on the above treatment and oblige?
Your report speaks for itself and renders any comment from me superAuous.-N. C. F.
11 FIRST AID.
D. S. (East Ham).-A first aider noticing a little crowd, made towards it, and found an elderly lady seated on a chair and a young girl at the side, holding her hand. Anxious to find out the history, our colleague turned to the girl and was informed that the patient often complained of giddiness before collapsing, to which the first aider said, (( [wonder iJ sIte has verti/(o?" Imagine his surprise when the answer came, (( Oh, no ,. not at all __ she hasn't far La go."
Gond! My memory, however, suggested that you had re-discovered an old story; and reference to my fi le proves that it was related as the Howler in the September, 1926, issue of FIRST AID. How time flies! - .C. F.
CO:'vlPRESSIOr-.' OF FEMORAL ARTERY.
1.L. (Haselden).-In our Divisional re-examination which was held recently, I was asked to arrest h;:cmorrhage from the Femoral artery. Having applied a tourniquet, I was told by the examiner that it was applied alright but that the bleeding was still not arrested. I then
A I D.
proceeded to apply pre sure on the artery flgainst the brim of the pelvi!-, as laid down in the T xtbook. This \Vas done to the satisfaction of the exnminer who, however, till said that bleeding was taking place. I was now at a los to know what 1 should do next because I had done e\·er)lhing according to the Textbook; and o the examiner dismissed l11e. Later 1 learned that the examiner wanted me to apply pres urc with my knee in the pit of thc paticnt's stomach. To me u h action appears ridiculous as it does Ilot im·oh"e the Femoral artery; and further there nothing rclati\·c to the same in the Textbook. Plea e f,l' our mc with your opinion which is an iously a\\'aitcd by mcmbers of our Division among whom the sugg-es lion has gi\ en ri c to lot of contro\"ersy.
From your statement of fact it appear to me that your examiner wanted )"(ILI to rlpply pre ure on the Iliac artery. This is oI1letimcs done with the knuckle , of t hl' clenched 11 t placed a little to the right (or left) of the middle line in the region of the umbilicus.
As, ho\\'e\ 'e r, the pre ure point is not named in the Textbook, your examiner was exceeding hi , authority when he expected you to demonstrate a method of applying pressure thereon. I h a \·e ne\"er heard of the knee being used for this pu rpo e. N. C. F.
01' :\".\KE !inF.
P.S. (Wellington, A.Z.) -Thc TU.lbl)ll].;: on p. 133 tells LIS that \\'e should not thl: \\·(Iund 'ausL d h\ .\ bite of a \'en01l10US nake. Pica e be gOl)c.\ t(l-cxplain the reason tor this instruction.
\s 1 read it, the instruction is ha"'L'd on the fad that t hI.' action of perl11anganatc of pota h and its \·alue ct. thl' nnlidote to snake venom would be 1eenl'd considerabh' in a \\"ounJ, the tissues of ,\·hich had been burnl'd with ,I c,lu"stic. '. F.
P L\Ji': r OF CO;\II'ETITOR.
C.L.e. (i\orth \Vales) a regular rcadl'r of FIHsr .\Jl) who derive s valuable assistance from \ our ob er\"ations antI answer I would be grateful for 'Yl1u r comment on the following :-
At a recent competition governed by certain rule of which No.8 reads :-Th e tCrlll1S shall be judgC'u on thc basis of the 38th Edition (excluding appcndicc!» of lhe authorised handbook of the St. John .\mbulanc .\ssociation .f< /rst Aid 10 tlze III ju red.
The test for Nos. 1 and 3 was the treatment of Fracture of the Knee-Cap. Thi was co rre'etl)" carried out as per instructions on pag-es 75 and 76 of the Textbook; but the judge deducted 2 mark becau e a second bandrlge was not applied in the reverse fashion as \\"ell, as per instructions contained in page -+S of Briti h Red Cross Society, First , \id i\ l anual No.1. ,-\s I con ider this unfair in view of tbe Rules of the Competition, I shall welcome your obsen·ations. Further, as one pan y responsibb for the training of the team I was fu ll y aware of the method described in the British Red Cross Manual, but instructed the members to stick to the 38th Edition of the Sl. John Ambulance Textbook.
On your statement of facts, someone blundered badly.N C F.
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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII C a
IINVALID
Recruits Strength
The dietetic value of Oxo IS recognised as being supenor to home made beef ... tea. Readil) digested and assimilated by the patient, it is qUickly and easily prepared.
The Perfect Fluid Diet
PIal AID Journal for 'tbe
Ambufante nub 3aursing
Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.
All Reports, &c., should be addressed to tbe Editor at the add ress below, and should re ach him before the 12th of each month ann must be ace om panied (not necessarily /01' {Jublication) by name and address of the Correspondent.
Subscription s, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarced to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, KC.4.
7 degraphic Address-" Twenty·jour, London. Tele/,hon i - City 37 fO.
CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.
EDITORIAL -
How to Rai e Funds '
Notes on the 'ursing of \V ar Gas Cases
St. J ohn Ambulance As oe iation
Whatever the Chassis use Carters' Ambulance Fittings.
The most up - to-date and scientific in the world.
THE NEW "PORTLAND" GEAR
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The "PORTLAND" Gear should be specified 125, 127, 129, Great Portland Street, London, W.I.
Teleph one-Langham 1040.
for any new Ambulance and it provides an ideal method of modernising vehicles already in use.
don.' Sect i onal Catalogue 7 A, which is free for the ask· ing, desc ri bes this Patent Stretcher Elevating Gear, which is a triumph in compactness and scientific design,and the whole range of Ambulance Furniture and Fittings. e'" WRITE FOR IT This illustration shows the clear gangway for loading the lower stretchE'r when only one case is being carried. illlll!I!!!IIIIIIII!1111111111111111111111111111I1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Col li ery Ambulance ews
S.J.A. B. Headquarters and District Reports
Coming Events
Police Ambulance ew
Extracts from the Manual of Instruction for tIle Ro yal Naval Sick Berth taff
S. J. A. B. Overseas
R ai lway Ambulance News
Railw ays and the S.].A. B.
Principal Rules for R esusc itation
Thomas's (A. J .) lodi fication of the Thomas Kne e plint
Letters to Editor
Our Nurses' P ages
Detailed Marking Sh eet, No f8
Posters for Publicity
QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS :_
Compound Fract ure ()f C lavicle
Examination Howler
Treatment of Hang-in oPoisoning by Lyso h
Use of Collod ion
Funct ons of Brain
Diagnosis of Apoplexy
h e Treatment of
Wounds
Amb 4 lance News C uttin gs fl-orn the Press ... 2S 26 28 28 29 33 3f 36 37 39 40 40 -+ 3 H -+6 -+ 6 -1- 8 -+ -+8 -+ 8 -+8 4, 50 50 50 5 0 SO
Entered
at]
THREEPENCE St ationers
How TO written at a time when holidays OBT AIN FUNDS. are in full swing, in spite of the tendency of the weather to mar, we have to look ahead.
During the summer months social functions are forgotten whilst road patrol duty, inspections, camps, etc., are attended. Soon, however, the call for funds will be felt, and social committees will be racking their brains for new ideas. \Vhist drives, dances, concerts and the usual functions are, as a rule, quite well supported, but even these get rather monotonous, and if run at frequent intervals attendances begin to fall away and little is added to the di visional coffers.
It is essential that funds be procured to carry on our voluntary work. No matter how hard we try, expenses occur and have to be met. New stores, equipment and replacements certainly make a great inroad on our funds. l\Iembers do their best in many instances by paying weekly subscriptions ; but it is inexplicable to the general pu blic that the person who does the voluntary work should pay for the privilege of doing it.
So our appeals to the general public must go on. How best can this be done? In different parts of the country various schemes are tried; some with success, others being of no avail. How do you obtai n your funds?
Vv e shall be pleased to receive ideas on this subject, as on numerous occasions our opinion has been sought, but it is a difficult thing to suggest something original. However, we always endeavour to help each other, and so-your ideas are needed.
UNIFORM for V.A.D. Detachments COMPLETE OUTFIT FOR B.R.C.S. MEMBERS Consisting of Coat, Cap, Dress, Apron, Collar, Cambric Cap, Sl eeves, Belt, lor £4 -1 -6 FOR ST. JOHN AMBULANCE SISTERS Comprising Coat, Hat, Dress, Apron, Collar, Cuffs, Belt, Gloves, for £3 -18 - 0 Nurses' Outfitting Association, Ltd., Carlyle Buildin2" STOCKPORT London; Abbey House West· minster, S.\V To Liverpool 57, Renshaw Street Manchester 36, King Street Birmingham "Ryder Street Newcastle 26, Norrhu mberiandSI. Southampton 35, High Street Glasgow III, Union Street ST. JOHN COAT RED CROSS APRON Write for new, fully illustrated catalogue and detailed price list Sent im· mediately with· out obligation
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No. 506.-VoL. XLIII. AUGUST, 1936.
[
Hall
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FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. T he Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free: single copies 3d.
His First Experience in Uniform Further Plaint of Competitor Euca
lyptus in t
EDITORIAL.
ALTHOUGH this is being
Notes on the Nursing
of War Gas Cases.
By MAJOR NORMAN
HAMMER M.R.C.S.
TIlE arrano-ements, as at present envisaged, for the of the civil population in chemical warfare include provision for the medical care and nursin o- of those gas casualties who need to be and distributed in hospitals outside the affected areas. It is anticipated that the nursing personnel of the t. John Ambulance Brigade of the British Red Cross Society's Voluntary AId Detachments will prepare themselves for these nursing duties.
In the same way that the general professional ed ucation and experience of the doctors concerned will be a yal uable grOl' nd work for the special ised knowledge and skill that the treatment of these special cases will call for, so will the main outli?es of o-eneral Home Nursing proyide for our Turslng b Sisters a basis onto which to add their traInIng In the special points and procedures that will arise in the course of their new duties. For both doctors and nurses the subject may with advantagc be studied before the emergency arises, rather than after. ,lVe shall be dealing wi th cases we do not meet with in our ordinary work in peace time, and usino- methods we have little opportunity of prac·
For example, "the administration of oxygen," so easily and trippingly s.aid, implies quite a few ireportant, but simple, p01l1ts-and so on throu o- h the whole list of possible cases and b procedures, a little thought and preparatIOn no7.'V will be to our patients' advantage tlzen.
The best way to get at the subject seems to be (( case by case," and this method we will follow :-
1. THE NURSI TG OF CASES.
Phosgene and Chlorine are N on - Persisten t Lung-Irritant or Choking gases, which cause their gravest effects by their action on the linings of the air-spaces and smaller bronchioles, inflaming, and blockino- with inflammatory exudate, the parts h essen tially concerned WIth the oxygenatIon of the blood. The pulmonary circulation becomes obstructed, and the right heart has to work against resistance.
Breathing is interfered with-more or less accordino- to the amount and the strength of the b gas inhaled, and hence according to the proportIOn of the whole lung-substance involved. But always strain is thrown on the heart from the outset-and so luno- irritant cases from the first should be spared b all physical effort and kept strictly at rest.
By the time they reach hospital, whert; the nurse will first see them, all ca ec; will show igns of respiratory difficulty, due to a greater or less part of the lungs' " breathing sllrra.ce" being of action. Cases are graded accordIng tL s verity into three main groups, with no (jxecl lIne f demarcation between them, one grour merging into the next, and will fall Into a less or mor severe group according to these factors:
(a) Their IUlZg cOlUhholl, depending on the proportion of lung-substance affected, i.e., on the amount and concentration of gas breathed.
(b) Their !tcart cOlldzi£oll, depending on the heart-state before exposurc, and, III or importantly, on the amount of strain the heart has been su bjected to, or sa vcd by proper sparing of exertion, between the moment of exposure and th e time the case comes under your observation at the hospital.
(c) The first aid OJ- otizer prc-llOspzlal trcat17lent, particularly ox)'gen at the Grst-line Aid Post, and action to minimise shock. I a\ ' I' minimise" because shock cannot in these cases ever be entirely prevented
The groups, as seen by the Nurse, are :-
(1) The so-called "less severe" case, better described as the "broncho alveolar" case, in ,vhich the sufferer has a marked and painful cough; panting, difficult respiration; a Dushed face; and a rapid pulse. His mouth and nostrils may show coughed-up, frothy, yellow, and perhaps bloodstained, fluid exudate- the prod uct of the action of the gas in the lung-tissue. He is dull and s leepy, and may vomit.
(2) The "severe" case, which we will call the 'I right heart" case, is as above, but has a bl ue cyanosed face; a full, rapid pulse; shows marked pulsation of the great veins in the neck, a sign of difficulty in the right side of the heart; is restless and worried, with staring eyes and an anxious, frigh tened expression I ike a hal f-drowned man; and quick, hurried, labou red, shal low breathi ng. He is a man being asphyxiated.
(3) The" collapsed" case is one that has gone through this stage, and whose heart has given way through strain and deficient oxygenation of it s own musculature. His face is grey and drawn; his
skin is cold and clammy with beads of cold sweat on the brow and round thc nose; his pulse is quick, weak and thready; he is thoroughly exhausted ancl prostrated, and appears on the point of death.
Cases (1) and (2) may get worse and relapse into t\ pes (.2) or (3) if treatment is not adequate, if all e;ertion is not spared, or if pre -existing conditions in the patient render his natural strength ancl resistance less than normal. Such pre-existing conditions may be, in a civilian, malnutrition, preexisting cardiac or otber weakne s, age, and a number of others; in a soldier in the field, exhaustion, or prt;vious exposure to the gas concerned, may be added.
The nursing- of these cases calls Eor great devotion, wise cI iscri m i nation, and con ti n ual care. All exertion is to he spared thelll - as we have said already, and we make no apology for rcpeating it. O \.J:fJell i a prime part of the treatment of all grades of lung-irritant cases, from the time they reach the l1rst-linc Aid Post, and all through. As part of the first aid treatment, it is a stimulant and helps to minimi5e shock; \\ithout it, in hospital, \\ e are without the essential wcapon in our armoury. It is gi\ en admixed \\ ith inspired air, and NOT I' pure," as in 0 cases. The IIaldane apparatus or some modification of it is the method of administration. All voluntary nurses should be taught to understand the usc of this appa.ratu , which is a I. t) pc" from which all extensions and improvements can be rcadily under tood.
The patient's lungs are" \\ atedogged " with their o\Vn in f1am matory f1 Ll id, and 'l.1omziillg hel ps him to get rid of tbis In all but S riollS ca es it should be encouraged, but in cases of grade (2) and (3)the I' severe" righ t heart cas and the" col lapsed" case-it should flOt be z"nduced since it strains the heart, as is common experience. \Ve all remember feeling faint and having a quick pulse after being sick. In some cases, the f1uid can be helped off the chest by artzlc/al 1'cspz·raholl, as laid down in the St. John Textbook, but the risk here is that a large amou n t of f1u id may be sudden Iy forced ou t of the lung substance-the air spaces-into the bronchial tubes, thus drowning the patient. Artificial respi ration, therefore, should only be carried ou t under doctor's orders. The jos£tz"Oll of the patient will be as ordered by the doctor, but his head will be kept turned sideways in all positions of the body. Fluid may be helped to drain from the chest by occasl·onalLy lift£ng the foot oj tile bed or stretcher, as mueh as three feet, for a few minutes at a time, at intervals to be ordered by the medical officer. These methods, rest, oxygen, procedures as described above for helping the chest to clear itself of the ex ud ate that is clogging it-all izelp the lungs to breathe and a ll hel p to relieve tlte stra£n on the heart. These two are the main lines of our treatment. The heart may also be helped by the minor
operation of venesect£on, in which the doctor removes some blood from the venous side of the circulation by extracting it from a vein, usually one of the large superficial veins of the arm. Certain " medicines)) \yill help the heart, and are best given hypodermically. The selection of these" medicines" is the responsibility of the doctor, who will decide for every case on its merits, basing his decision upon factors which are outside the province of the nurse, and which therefore need not be discussed here, bu t speaki ng genenll y d igi talis and strychnine, often used for heart cases, are not of great value, while pituitrin and camphor help considerably. The adm in istr ation of morph ia to induce sleep has many disadvantages, and will be avoided given by the mouth with the intention of loosening" phlegm" and inducing coughing (the so-called" expectorants") should be withheld from all but the mildest cases until well on to reCOVf'n
Up to this point, several purely nursing points, specially important in these ha\ e been mentioned, and should be impressed upon the IIome Nurse who may one day be called on to do these duties; let us call them again to mind :-
(1) The great importance of the spall·77g of the patient even the sl£giztest exer!£o7Z, at all stages of his dis:tbility and of his treatment.
en The essential part played by the admhzistrahon 0/ o.IJ'gell in all stages of the treatment. Training in tbe use of oxygen apparatus should be add d to the syllabus of all Home C\urses. Both skill and tact are called for to ensure that the full benefits of oxygen are available to the patient and to prevent wastage of a commodity for which there will be a great call.
(3) The importance of posture, the position of the patient';:, head, the value of vomiting in milder cases, artificial respiration and its dangers, raising the foot of the bed to assist lung - drainage, are all n u rsi ng matters.
(+) The minor operation of 'venesectz"on calls for help from the nurse in preparing the necessary instruments, etc., in preparing the patient, in assisting during the operation, and in after-care of the part.
e) Hypoderl7lzc med/cahon again means preparation of instruments and of the patient, or welltrained nurses may be ordered themselves to administer II medicines" hypodermically, as prescribed
Other points in the nursing of lung-irritant cases are :-
TIz£rst.- The patient will be very thirsty. FI uids shou ld be gi ven jrequelltly ill small amoZlnts at a time He may be given water, tea, or brandy and water as ordered, to sip, and ice or medicated pastilles to suck.
26 FIR S T
A I D.
FIR S T
A I D. 27
Dz"et.-This will in all cases be very liO'"ht and very little. The selection and preparation of diets will need care and thought , to provide suitable but tern pti ng dishes.
Convalescellce.-Because of the weakened state of the heart, patients must go slowly during valescence, and thei r resurn ption of normal actlv!ties must be carefully watched and This will call for tactful and tireless superVIsion by the nurse.
(To be continued.)
St. Joh n A mbu lance Association
BRISTOL. -The annual stretcher com petition of the Bristol Centre took place on Saturday, July 26th. Six trophies were compete d for with the followmg results :-
"Beayis" Cup :-1, G. \V. R. Pilning-, marks.; 2, Port of Bristol Authority 1\0. 1, 170; 3, Impenal ChemIcal, 165. Judges, Drs. H. G. Kyle and S. B. Green
1\ l r. R E. Bush said il was a pleasure to see so B r istol people take an interest in th I?_unngthe past 12 month the Association had ga i ned c and thanks were due to the medical profes Ion for their lectures.
1 I I
The Bishop of Bristol, propo ing a vote of t 1£111 '-s to tlC judges, said he had no idea before of the g-reat of peo'ple in Bristol who had taken the troublc 10 qu?-hfy In hrst aid. He was proud to be the President !-3nstol Centre and congratulated all heartily for the public splntth y hawed in qualifying to help less compc:tent people
1\1rs. R'- E. Bush presented the trophies and medals to the successful com peti tors.
The proceedings concluded with a \'ote thanks to ;\1 r. Egbert A. O. 'Webb (han ecretar)) for .hls arduous enthusiastic work in organl and carrYll1g out the \ ent under difficulties owing to the rain. ---.
Collier y Ambulance New.
DEA T AN D CIL\PTER COLLI ERY.
The' C A " team of this olliery wcre succe ful in winning the" Shildon "Ambulance halleng-e Cup g-old medals at the annual competition held recentl) at Shtldon ; Shildon Social ervice team were econd.
St. John Ambulance Brzgade and Dz'strz'ct Reports.
Brigade Headquarter s. Col. C. T. Elli who until n :ct:lllly carricd out the duties of urgcoll-in- hid, has been placed on the Chief COl11mi iOIler's .-tafC as Inspectil1g Officer for t he W cst of England, a eli. trict to \\ hich Col. Elli has been attacheel for many yea r- '
The Chid C-OllllllJs:illl1er, :';1 r ,(Jhl] DUllcan, has <.tppoll1tccl 1)r. \\"111. C. BClltall, G.RE., F.R.C.S.E., L.R.C.P., to be thc IlC\\' _\ t.. urgcoll-ill- hid. a position \aeated hy the appoinlm 'nl of Dr. Corh<.::t Fletcher a -':;urgeol1-i n-Ch e f.
Brigade mL'mhers \\ ill rememher that in the early part of thi' year Dr. Bentall \\ a appointed taff Officer for
No. I (P rince of Wales s) District .
The Commissioner has accepted with regret the resignation of Dr. K. F. Lund, as As i tant Commi sioner of the Central Area.
Dr. Lund joined the Brigade as Div. Surgeon of the Londoll Post Office Corps in 1913, being promoted to Corps Surgeon in 1923. During 1929 he became County :';urgeon to Central Area and, in 1931, District Surgeon, returning to the Central Area in 1932 as the Assistant Commissioner.
Dr. Llmd, in a letter to the Area, pays tribute to the loyalty and excellent work done by his District Officers and Diy. Officers.
Captain H. A. Fenton, District Surgeon, ha been promoted to fill the vacancy caused by Dr. Lund's resignation. Captain Fenton is " -e ll known in the District and to him we offer our congratulations on his new appointment.
Captain Fenton ,vas surgeon to No. 85 (Borough of Ealing) Division until 1930, when he was promoted to County Surgeon for \Vestern A.rea In 193-1- he was promoted to Dlstrict Surgeon of No.1 District. His services La the Order were recognised in 193-1- when he \'as admitted as a Serving Brother, and in 1935 he \\"as a warded the Conspicuous Sen' ice :\ledal. He is also the holder of a Silver Jubilee l\Iedal.
\Vi th the approval of the Commissioner of I\o. 1 (Prince of \Val es's) District, the proposed Church Parade of Catholic Members of the Brigade will take place on 'unday, September 6th, at the Church of the Sacred Heart, Hor eferry Road, \Yestmin ter, by kind permi ion of :\Igr. Canon Howlett, D.D.
lIJr/stol E'vell/llg Post Bristol Centre S.j.A.A. Annual Competitions. Officials in first picture, from left: Dr. D. Hall Beatson, 1r. E. Webb Dr. Balcb Green, 1\1r. 1\1. Fair, Dr. H. G. Kyle (Chairman), Mr: \V. G. Hawkll1s (Treasurer). In second picture : A Test 111 progress.
CC Squire" Cup (handicap) :-1, L.l\l.S. No: 1, 156t marks; 2, G. \N. R. Pilning, 155; 3, Impenal Chemlcal, Jud ges, Drs. N. S. B. Vinter and F. G. Jenkins.
"0:ovice" Cup: - 1, L. l.S., 134 marks; 2, Port of Bristol, No.3, 126t; 3, Bristol East S.J.A_B., 122t. Judges, Drs. J _ Morton Evans and D. H. Beatson.
" 'Walker" Cup (handicap) for women :-1, S.j.A. B. 1 urs ing Division, No.1 B, 174 t marks; 2, S. J. A.B. in g Division A, (under handicap) ; 3, S.j.A.B. ursll1g Di\'ision 1, 129. J udg-e, Dr. Anne Cornall.
" l\Iather" Cup :-1, Port of Bristol Authority No . 3, 1 g7 marks' 2 Filton, 182 ; 2, Clifton S. J. A. B., 169. Judges, Drs. J. A. L;nson Roberts and H. Melhuish Golding. Cup :-1, L. M S. Loco No. 1, marks; 2, G. W. R. Pilning, 154 ; 3, Port of Bristol Authonty, 134. Judge s, Drs. Harold Kettlewell and J. V: Lucas.
Dr. H. G. Kyle (Centre Chairman) preSided at the pnze di st ribution and eac h of the judges gave a short report on the work in their respective tests.
Twenty-three teams entered this competition and excellent work was witnessed. Dr. Fraser, of CoronatIOn, Eldon (team), and Dr. meddle, of hildon (individual), judged the work, the tests being of a very interesting and exacting- nature.
The Dean and Chapter "A" team have had a very successful season. Their successes include the "Coroner Graham" Shield the" Dorman, Long and Co . D irectors " Sh i el d hy a record numbe r of rnarks, the" Donald Bain" Cup, the "Sir Charles Starmer" Cup, the "Shi ld ons Ambulance" Cup.
The team owe much of their success to the very great encouragement and assistance received from their officials.
When you wr ite to any of our Advertisers kindly mention FIRST AID. It dosen ' t cost you anything and it pleases the Adverti sers, and Us ·
[First .lid Photograph Dr. Wm. C Bentall, O. B. E. The new Assistant Su r geon-in-Chief.
Air Raids Precaution and he will continue Lo carry out the duties of that position in addition to those of hi new appointment.
We welcome and congratulate Dr. Bentall on his appoi.ntment. As a Brigade member for 25 years he has seen much service and the experience gained "in the ranks" will be of benefit to him and will assist him to carry out his new duties_ No.8 District will lose an excellent As.sisbant Commissioner, but the Brigade as a whole will gam an experienced officer and one who is whole-heartedly e1evoted to the work of St. J'0hn.
Members are asked to a semble in 1'\ e\\" Street, off Hor eferry ROcld, not later than -t.1O p.m., a the i to commence at -t.30 p.m.
The nearest tube station is St. James' Park and it is hoped all Catholic Officer and members of Ambulance and ursing Divi ions will attend; an invitation is also extended to non-Catholic members.
Fr. James Woodward, priest in charo'c of the church, in a letter to the organi crs, says that an addres on the Order of St. John" will be deli\'ered.
Members should notify Supt. ]. E. Taylor, 3, vVarwick Road, Southall, l\Iiddlesex, as soon as possible of their intention to be pre en1; thi will enable seating arrangements to be made.
A class of instruction in "First Aid to the Injured," for men, will be held at the Aldersgate 'Yard School, 181, Aldersgate Street, E.C1, commencing on Tuesday, eptel11ber 22ncl next, at 7.30 p.m. The cour e will consi t of 12 lectures, six of which will be given by a Surgeon. Fee for the course, including .J.A.A. examination, will be 3s. 6d. Full particulars can be obtained from Ir. F W. Bishop, 208, Downhills Park Road, .17.
Fou V.- Two swa?'ger sticks have been found in
F 1 l{ S 'I
AID.
Photograplls by]
141RST AID 29
FIRST
Black \\ 'all Tunnel and are at the Plaistow Po l ice Statio n , +-t--+ Barking: Road, E. They can be collected from there by the
No. III. District .
OYer 1,000 members of the South tafford hi re ])i trict paraded for the annua l in pection, held at Dartmouth Park, " rest Bromwich, on Sunday, July 19th.
The inspecting office r " as Commis ioner Major J. Horton, ::\I.D., Knight of Grace, who was accompan ied by the A t. Commissioner (Dr. D. McCole), Co r p Supt. F L. Richa r d (Commandino- Officer of th e Day), Corps Officer G Stanifo r th (Adjutant), Corps ecretary Edgar i\Iears, the Mayor and 1\layore s of \\ 'e t Bromwich (Councillor ,and 1\1 r s. J. H. \ Vills), the and 1\Iayores of \\ 'alsall (Councillor H. G. J. Fletcher and :"1i Fl etcher), Alderman J. A. Leckie, M.P., i\1r. T. i\Iark \ \-atson (Ch ief Constable of \ \' a lsall) and \ \rat on, the Mayor of Tamworth (Councillor Crutchley) and Councillor R. J. HLU11phrie (Chairman, V.D.C.).
Afte r the in pection the Commissioner took the alute at the march past and in the cour e of an add res congratulated all diyisions on their smartness. H e m e ntioned that the outh Staff diyi ions would soon be i sued with the gas masks they had so long awaited and urged them to take yery seriously the work in connection with ai rraid precautions because a great deal would depend on them in training the g-eneral public. 1\1unicipal Authorities wou l d, he said, be shortly cal li ng upon Brigades for instruction purposes regarding possible g as attack .
Major Orton presented the president's badge to Alderman Leckie; Sen'ice Medals to Am b Officer vVatterson ( \ Voh'erhampton) and Amh. Sis t er Haydon (Tamworth); and a bar to Supt. C. Chandl e r (Tamworth).
No . IV . District LAXCASIIIRE
BlJRXLEY.- The annual inspection of the Burnley Corp was h e ld o n July 28th, when oy e r 200 111e11, nurses and cadets were 1I1spected by Asst. Commissioner Dr. R. Glegg, Corps Surgeon Dr. Quinn and the Mayor of Burnley (Councillor George Parkinson) .
Amollg those on parade we r e Corps Surg eon Dr. lane, Diy Surg eons D r s Dayidson, Brugg en, and Ke r , Corps Supt. J. L. Colburn) Lady Corps Supt. Green, and Cadet Supt. Mrs. Armistead.
PREsTox.-There was a good muster of the Pre ton Co r ps fo r the Annu al Church Parade at Longr i dge Units from Preston, Frenchwood, L eyland and L ong-ridge attended and the ma r ch to and f r om St. Paul's Church was watched by many peop l e. The parade halted at St. Wilfrid's Church whe r e cadets placed a w r eat h of lau r el leaves and red carnations on t h e war memor i a l.
Co ll ections we r e taken in aid of St. Pa ul 's C hu rch Fund, and th e O phtha l m i c H osp ita l of the Order of St. John) at Jer u sa l em.
Congratulations are extended to Lady Corps upt. Mrs. A Howard, who has been associated wit h the Preston Corps for forty yea r s and \Va appointed a V.A.D. Commandant during the wa r , and to 1\1r. J. P Ke r Watson (C h ief Constab l e) who have been promoted to t h e r ank of Office r in l h e Orde r of St. J o hn
AID.
TnoRNTo -T h e Co m m iss i o n c r ) 1\1 r. W. G. mi t h O . B.E., i n pectcd th c an nu a l pa r ade of amb ul a n ce, nur s in g and cadet pe r so nn el of t h e F l ectwoo d , T h o rnt o n Clcye lcys, Po ul ton and P r ccsa ll D i visions, o n J ul y 20t h. 1\Ir. mith complimented the d i v i s i o n o n the fine parade ",ith \\'hich he co ul d find l itt le or no fa ul t. lI e \\'a glad to ec 0 many cadets and h opcd t h ey \\' ou l d 1I1 time join t h e enio r di y isio l1 .
No. V. District.
N OTTIN(.l1 l. - The annua l in pectlOn 0 f the l\ott ingh am Co r p \\ ,JS h eld on ' unda)', J ul y 19th, and \\ ' a witne ed by a large 11umbe r of intcre Led pectator .
The ambulance c!l\ i ions, with l76mem!Je r on paradl , were under Corp 'upt. A. G \\ 'eller, whilt Lady 'urp ' upt. E. Paling \\ a in charge of the nursIng peronnel, which numbered 105. orp Supt. Ihhotson was Adjutant; Corp Office r (R ) F. Carner, Orderl) O ffice r ; S ergt. F S te\'e n so n (C it y Di viio n ), Ord e rl y Sergeant; Corp Officer C. Le\\enc!on ( orp!:> being in cha rge of thc O r de rl y Room.
Di trict Officer G. E. IIardy, \\ ho \\ as accompanied hy Sir H. Dennis Headctt-Bayley, K.B.E D.L., J.P., Klllght of Grace o f the Order, inspected the mUl and cong ratulated the Corps on the general impmn:mel1t .... h(l\\ 11 ince hi la yi it to the Xottingham Corps. ThL nttr'.>l .... \\ e re inspected hy Lady Ili trict Officer :'lls \ \. (;t1lson
Following the march pa t, at \\ hieh \ st. lOI11mis -ioner A. B. Glbs o l1, .P., took the : alute, a hollow square was formed for dedication en iee () the ne\\' motor amhulanc e which the Corps had purchased, 0\\ to gTf)\\'ing- demand ' on the Tran port Depanmcllt. The en'icc \Vas conduct e d b) the Re\ II. \'.
FIR S T
si lve r medals, \Va p r esentce! to t h e Cinderhil l D ivision, ancI the Officcrs" C u p, w ith silver mcda l s, to the Ca r ringto n Di \ i io n as ru nners- u p.
1\11'. G i bson also p r esented to Co r ps O ffice r ( R ) F Ca rr ier and Lad) Supl. 1'- 1r5 .. tan to n (Mappe rl ey N ur sing Division) Service l\ledals for 15 years' efficient se r v i ce \\ ith thc .:\()ltill;!, ham Corps. The Official \ Varrant of appointment as [ T()Il. Chaplain to the Corps was handed to the Re\'. H. \ ' Turner.
After the parade had been dismissed a numbe r of spectators in pceted the new ambu lance which is a 27 h.p. \ 'auxl,all" Ll1xury mlmlance, wa supplied by H. Lomas, Ltd., of ter, and filted \\ ith « Lomas " patcllt Stretcher and L oading Gcar, and spccial heating and cooling- apparatus. There i" acc011lmoclation fo r two strC'lcher ca<;e or OIlC tretche r and four sitting ca e . The car i" de to deal with distallces and is sprung- alld adj usted to gin: l11ooth running on all type of road
ROTTIERIT \\f.- The Rothl'1'ham Corps \\:1.5 in pected at Clifton Park Oil :atur<1ay. July 18th, hy Asst. Commis s ioner I l. C. EI'-,l, oi :heffield. Thl' parade included 111l'lllhers iro111 Rotherh:1.111, Thurcro i t, and winton \ mIHllancl I )iVI'-,Ic)l1S. and 1l1embers ()j the Rotherha111, Thurcroit, and Thryher!.,!h Xur i11!.,!· Di\ isions.
They marl'hed fro1ll t heir headqu a rters at \ Vheatram
Tlnu l, l '()l1l'g'l' Road. to the Park. headcd by the drum and tl fe hand of Shdneld Brigade.
\ ll1<l11g those \\ ho \\ :1.tchcd the in pectioll \\-ere thc :'IIct) or and Mayoress of Rothl'rham, Ider11lan F. Harper and Harper: \ ldcrman \\ r Dobbie, 1\I.P., Councillor
C. Hall, the Chll f Con tahk. Mr. Robert Hall, and :'Ir lIall. Kllig'ht (Prlsident of the Rotherham • nrsing Diyisi()l1) and :.Ii s Fa\\cett ( ecretary).
N o. VI. District.
D\RLTXCTO\".-Thc Xo. -+ Fir , t Aid Hut of thc Darlington Di\ isio11 \\ as re 'ently declared open by the :\f ayor of. Darlin;!, ton (Collllcillo r T. E. IIudson) \\'ho was (1CC0111panl d hy the l\Iayo r e s Co u nty CO l11 11l is ioner F P. \Vil so n , J.r ., pr es id ed OYer thc gathering, upportec1 hy County Officer J. llPl. F letcher and J. McArthur, Amb. Officers Pearson and IIogg and others
The Commissioner aid the main pu r pose of the p r c cnt 11Ut, w h ich was the fourth of the Da rl inoton Division, "as for the treatment of ca uaIties in the
particular ly children' hurt5 The huts were not subsidi ed In any way
Thc Mayo r declaring the hut open, spoke of the splcndid work wh i ch the Brigade did in Darlington The crection of thesc hut was an achicvement when one rea l iscd that the.: \\'ork was done yoluntarily by men durtng their spare time . The Darlington Di\ ' ision \\'as to he.: congratulated.
The pre entcd certificates for air-raid precautions to ergts. T. 'vV. Simpson and D'Heanans; Co r pl Healey , Yo r ke and Gilbert; Ptes Shaw, Stacey, \\ hitfield, SnaiLh, Hodgson, :"Iajor, Farndale
A lderman Crooks proposed and Councillor Taylor seconded a vote of thanks to Commis ioner Wilson) and :upt Fletcher thanked the :"Iayor and :'Jayore s.
N o. VIII. ( Duk e of C o nn aug h t·s ) Oist r i c t.
Apart fr0111 a yery boisterous wind, fine weather preyailed at the annual reyiew of the Suss cx and nrr e y Cnit , which was held at Littlehampton, by kind inyitalion of the Council, on Sunday, July 19th.
, ir John Duncan, Chief Commissioncr, was thc inspecting officer and on his arriyal \\a met by C 0 111missioner E. A. Richards, \\ ' ho intr o duced t he Chairman of the COllncil (Councillor :"Iontague GOSdCl1 , J.P. ) the members of the Council and hi Di trict S t aff.
After ill pecting the guard of honour comp o sed of Littlchampton Ambulancc, Xursing and Cadet Di, i ions, Sir John pre ented upt. G. Kin o , on beh a lf o f the Loca l Diyisions, a gold wri tlet watch and a pair of gold cuff link to commemorate, upt. King's 25 year' en icc in the Brigade
M r. Go den pre idcd oYer the official luncheon and proposed the toa t of The Order of St. John." He welcomed the Brigade to Littlehampton, aying hi ouncil were delighted that their little tOWI1 had been cho en for such an important review. They ,nre yery proud of their local Brigade and grateful for the great work carried out by them.
ir John Duncan replied, thanking the Council for their ho pitality. He wi hed the public to reali e that the work of the Brigade was done volunta r ily, entailing great sacrifice on the part of the m e mhers. Tn his trayels he wa truck by the effici ency of the Dri g ade, \\ ho c w ork " ' a of national importance. lIe referred to the instructions now being giYen in air-raid precaution to the personnel.
N e w A mbul a n ce o f th e Nottin g ham Corps .
Turne r (V icar of St. Peter's Churc h ), assisted by t h e Rc\ ' Hartley Ho ll oway (P r esident of t h e otti n g h al11 F r ee Ch u rc h Co u ncil). The si n g ing was l ed by t h e St. Peter's C h u r ch Ch o ir to m u sic s upp lie d by th e Meadows Band of t h e a lva ti o n Ar my Si r D en n i s R ea d e tt -Bay l ey f o rm a ll y hand ed ove r th e ambu lance to A sst. Comm i ss i on e r G ib so n w h o r ece iv ed it o n be h alf of th e Co r ps Th e Rt. R e v. Bishop e v i ll e S Ta lbot (Vi c a r of St. Ma r y's Ch urch ) d ed i ca t ed th e a mbulance . T h e Assis t a n t Co m m iss i o n e r took a d va nt age o f t h e pa r ade to p r esent t h e (( G i bso n " S hi e ld t o th e Ca rrin o t on Div ision, w h o we r e s u ccessf u l in th e final comp e ti t i o n, held on Jun e 2 8 t h l as t; eac h me mb e r of th e t ea m r ec e ive d a bisc ui t ba rr el. Th e" Am b u lan ce L eag u e JJ C up, with
Commi s i oner Richards also responded, thanking the Council fo r their ho pitality and L. B. Berc ford (Cle r k) for his g r eat help. :'Iembcrs of the Su sex: and Su rr ey Diy i sio n s had carried out, d ur ing 1935, oyer 10, 100 r emoya ls, t r avelling 160,-+76 miles, and attended 2,8 16 road accident, with a mileag'e of 2 1,793 . The figures for L i tt l ehampton werc 127 rcmoyals, mi l eage 3,582; road accidents 28, mileage 187 He thanked the Littlehampton Co u nc il for the help o ivcn to the local Diyi ions Followin o' the luncheon the reyie\v was held 011 the Green, w herc thou and of yisitors had congreo'ated on t h e n at ur a l grand tand of the promenade.
Th e parade, some 1 300 trang, we r c dra\yn up in do ubl e compan i es u nder t h e command of t h e Commissioner, wh o wa s accompanied by A t. Commissioner Dr. \ V C. Be n ta ll , L ady D ist r ict upt. 1\1rs. Falwasse r and Cottnt \· S ur geo n \ Vh itc h er. Di trict Officer I I. J. \\' riggle \\'orth ( A clj utant) w as responsib le for the a rr angements and to hi m we offe r o ur congrat ulation on the 11100th running of the ey cn t.
T h e C hi et C0111mi ione r was reccivcd \\ it h the Ge n e l- a l sa lu te and, accompan i ed by t h e Chairman of the CO lln c il , i ns p ected t h c mc m be r. D ur ing thi the hand
30
A
31
Open in g of the No. -+ Hu t of the D a rlington Divi s ion
I D.
FIRST
of the 1st Battalion Suffolk Regiment played selections.
The inspection was followed by a religious service at which the Rev. E. P. Orr, M.A. (Vicar of Littlehampton) officiated, an address being given by the Rev. S. W. A. Collins, M.A. (Vicar of St. James'). Before the Benediction, lr. John Lovering sang" Land of Hope and Glory."
The march past then followed, Sir John Duncan taking the salute. The marching was of a very high standard and drew great applause from the vi itors.
The whole of the parade was entertained to tea by the Littlehampton Council. There Mr. Gosden referred to the parade as a sight never seen in Littlehampton before.
Sir John again thanked the Council and referred to the fact that the Brigade would be called upon to take a most important part in the vl'Ork of air-raid precautions should the occasion arise.
ir John informed FIRST AID that it had been a very fine parade and he had seldom seen a better turn out; the marching was very good.
After tea the members, with their friends, dispersed to their respective homes. Some hundreds had taken
were under a debt of gratitude to them for the sel£sacrifice so cheerfully and heartily given at all hours of the night and day.
The ambulance was accepted by Commissioner E. A. Richards, who said he was fully aware of the work carried Ollt by the Addiscombe Division in the interest of the citizens of Croydon.
The Bishop of Croydon then dedicated the ambulance and gave a short address.
The whole parade were then entertained at tea in the Greyhound Hotel.
Commissioner Richards thanked the Mayor for his presence and gave particulars of the work carried out by the Addiscombe Division during 1935. They had transported 897 cases (132 without payment), coverinO" 24-,000 miles. At public duties 1,684 cases had been attended.
The 1ayor, in reply, congratulated the Division on its success and wished them success in the future.
On behalf of The Order the Mayor presented Councillor Boddington with a Vellum \Tote of Thank for the great assistance he had giyen the Brigade.
No. X. District.
BECCLES.- The annual field day, organised by the Beccles Division was held on Sunday, July 12th, in the grounds of Flixton Park, by permission of Sir Robert Shafto Adair, Bart.
An inspection was carried out by Commissioner Major J. F. C Hossack, who was accompanied by Miss Hossack and District Officers Death and Nethercoat.
There were about 100 on parade, Supt. W. C. Watts being in charge of the Beccles Ambulance Division, Lady upt. Miss E. Tedder, the urses, Cadet Officer A. S. Piper, the Boy Cadets, and Cadet Supl. l\Iiss L. Robinson, the Girl Cadets. Bandmaster L. Stevenson ,\' as in charge o f the Cadet Band. The Yarmouth and Gorleston Ambul a nce and ur in!;" Divisions were also present under Supt. H. O o- lesby.
Following the march past, the Commissioner congratulated the parade on the general smartness and empha i ed the importance of acqui ring necessary knowledge of anti-ga precautions and impartino- that knowledGe to the general puhlic.
"Patient ," suffering from various form of illness a nd injury, were then Ilrong-llt into" hospital" by stretcher sqnad and were attended to by the nurses. Dr. Hossack a nd Dr. H. G. \\ ood-llill, Beccles Divisional urgeon, a ked numerou que tio11s and generally te ted the efficicncy of all rank.. \fter lunch a "serious charabanc a cc id e nt" was staged.
The a ftcrJ1()()J1 clo_ eel with a drum-head service conduc t ed hy the Rector of FI ixton (the Rcv. K. l\lacKinnon). h o rt acldre s was giyen hy the Rector of Becc1es (the Rn'. TI. L. Birch).
Amon g a large numller of interc ted spectators were Aldcrm a n II. Copeman, Beeele , and Ur. C L. Hamby (Borough Surnyor Becclcs). \ Tice-Pre idents of Becc1e Division. Sir Rohert Sha fto and Lad\' dair who took a int e rest III th e proceedin!.{_, il1\,;ted to tea at the Hall. -
Police Ambulance New s.
CITY OF LONDON SPECIAL CONSTABULARY
00 Saturday, July 25th, a party of first aidcrs paid a visit to the Royal College of Surgeons. Capt. •.\. C. \Vhite Knox, M. C., M. B. (Chief ;\ledical Officer), acted as guide and lecturer and a very interesting :3od instructive time was spent. A vote of thanks to the Doctor for his valued assistance was carried unanimously.
Continuation classes are being held e\·ery first and third \Vednesday in each month, on which occasions practical work and tests are carried out.
DE TBIGHSHIRE
A team from Colwyn Bay Police, consisting of Police Constables H. I. Jones, E. Jones, J. E. Pugh, H. :\1. Williams (reserve) and ]. O. Hughes (captain), ,,-ere successful in winning the :' Denbig-hshire" Cup (presented by the lale James DarlIngton, ]. P., of Black Park, Chirk), and medals (presented by the Rhostyllen and Bersham Branch of the Briti h Legion), at the annual competition held at \Vrexham on ;\Ionday, August lrd.
The competition open to teams residing or working In the County of Denblgh, and is held under the direction of the Priory for Wales.
The judges ,,-ere Dr. D. B. Entns, of Coedpoeth, aod Dr. Brock, of Wrexham.
Supt. P. R. Kent announced the result which was :- 1st, Colwyn Bay Police, 351; 2nd, Hafod Colliery, 327; 3rd, \\'rexham, .].A.B., 301. Se\"en teams competed.
The presentation of awards was made by :'Ilr. G Edmund Fitzhugh, J. P., ot Plas Power
l Fi rs! _ t"d / )/iO!ug raplis Sussex and Surrey Review at Liltlehampton.
Left: Sir John Duncan presenting gifts to Supe A. G. King, Littlehampton Division. Centre, Top: The March Past. Bottom: Sir John taking the Salute.
Right: Sir John accompanied by Ir. '\[ontague Gosden, ] P., carrying out the Inspection. advantage of the excellent service of trains placed at their disposal by the Southern Raihvay, which added to the enjoyment of the day.
AnDIscoMBE.-Sunday, July 26th, was another landmark in the history of the Addiscombe Division. On that day the Right Rev. The Bishop of Croydon dedicated the new car which had been added to the Division fleet of ambulances.
The service was held in the grounds of the vVhitgift Middle School but, owing to rain, it had to be somewhat curtailed.
District Officer E. J. Prew was in charge of the parade which in addition to Brigade personnel, inclucl'ed the Croydon B.R.CS. (men and women), and Croydon Old Contemptibles. Music was supplied by the Croydon Salvation Army Band.
The Mayor of Croydon (Alderman Arthur Peters, CB.E., J.P.), said it was his great privilege of handing over the splendid new ambulance to the charge of the Addiscombe Division. The public of Croydon were proud of the work carried out by the officers and members, and
The new ambulance, which has b e en de cribed a " second to none in the South of En g land," i an Austin 20 chassis with a body built by Lomas, Ltd., of Manchester. It is streamlined and finished in black and cream with the Duke of Connaught's crest in red and gold above the St. John crest. The interior is white with fittings of mahogany and has accommodation for two stretcher and one sitting cases or one stretcher and three sitting patients in addition to two attendants.
The stretchers are of the" Lomas" type, fitted with spring mattress and winding-up head on which is a " Float-on-Air" bed. Each have a patent locking device and stainless steel runners.
In addition to the usual fittings a "N ovox " Respirator is carried and a Clayton combined heater and fan and deoderiser fitted. Purdah glass is fitted to all windows; the floor is of rubber.
The chassis is fitted with fixed automatic jacks. Extra lighting consists of a combined inspection and fog lamp; while a flood light is fitted at the rear for loading or attending to accidents after dark.
Coming Events
The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars of forthcoming events f(1f inclusion (free of cbarge) under this heading
SEPTEMBER.
5.-Southern Area, No.1 District, S.] .A. B., Field Day.
6. - Church Parade, Catholic Members, S .J A. B., Church of the Sacred Heart, Horseferry Road, Westminster.
12.-Barnoldswick Corps, S.J.A. B., Open Ambulance and Nursing Competitions.
19. - Wakefield Centre, S.].A.A., "Milton" Shield Annual Competition, Wakefield.
22. -Aldershot and District Corps, S.J. A. B., I n spection.
26.- Fifth Annual Conference No. 4 (Lancash ire) District, S. J A. B., Q ueen's Ha ll , \ \ligan.
OCTOBER.
4.- Nestern Area, No 1 Dist r ict, S.J_A.B., Ch u rch P arade Priory Church of the Order of St. J ohn. ' Ham and Inte r -district Cha ll e o ae C u p Competitwo.
27.-Western Area, No.1 District S JAB Ann 1 S I Caxton Hall, Westminster. ., u a - QCla ,
An excellent little Booklet entitled" X ote of Lectures on Air Raid Precautions," has recently been is LIed and can be obtained from the Stores Department, St. John's Gale, London, E. C.i, at 3!d. per cory, post fret'.
Dean and Chapter Colliery" A" Team. Standing, from left: \V. Butterfield, \V. Alderson, L. Smith (Reserve), J Priestnall, G. Kerry. Sealed: Div . Supt. W. II. Forg-an, D. Kerry (captain), Div. Secretarr YV. l\lather.
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Extra cts from the Manual of Ins t ruction FOR THE Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff .*
(Contiuued Jroll7 J.)
.MECHANIS:\I OF RESPIRATION.
Insp£ratz'on is the act of drawing air into the lungs.
Expz'ratz'on is the act of expelling air from the lungs.
Inspz'7'ation is a purely muscular effort. The capacity of the chest is increased, and so air rushes in through the air passages to fill increased space and expand the lu ngs.
In ordz'nary quz'et z'nsp£'rat£on the muscles concerned are the diaphragm and the external intercostals.
The diaphragm is, when at rest, a dome-shaped muscle arched upwards into the chest. '.iVhen it contracts it becomes flattened, and so the length of the thoracic cavity is increased.
The external in ter-.:ostal muscles raise the ribs. Owing to the conical shape of the chest, when these muscles contract, ribs with a larger curve are brought into the position previously occupied by those with a smaller curve. Hence the width of the thoracic oavity is increased. The ribs at rest slope downwards and forwards; when raised they become more horizontal, and so there is a greater distance between the vertebrce and the sternum. Therefore the depth of the thoracic cavity is increased.
Dzwing deep £nsjz'ratz'on other muscles are also employed, the chief of these are:- The sternomastoid, and pectoral muscles, whose action is to further raise the ribs.
Expz'7'atz'on. in quiet breathing, is not a muscular effort, but is due to the relaxation of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles, and to the elastic recoil of the lungs, which, together, are sufficient to drive out the air.
Forcevt brings muscles into play
The internal intercostal muscles draw down the ribs, and the abdominal muscles by contracting, force the abdominal contents upwards, and so increase the arch of the diaphragm and diminish the size of the thorax.
\Vhen at re t, respi ration takes place at the rate of about 16 to 13 times a minute.
THE I TERCllA:'\'<.. E OF GASES.
It has now been shown that air enters the lungs through the respiratory passages, and blood enters the lungs b.\ ' th [lulmonary artery. The blood which enters the lungs is dark, il1lf1ure venous blood.
During its passage through the body th blood has given up to the tissues th oxygen it contained on leaving the left vcntri Ie, and ha absorbed moisture and carbon di-o'l:ickj giving il a dark colour.
In the lungs the blood gives UI the arbon di-oxide and moisture, and absorbs o"yg n from the air. This is brought about by the in the red blood corpuscles. It then leaves the lungs as bright red arterial blood. H.cmcrnbcr that in the pulmonary circulation the arteries contain venous blood, and the veins arterial blooJ.
The air which ellters the lungs has the [olio\\,ing percentage composition
(4) TIlE DIGE nVE YSTEl\1.
Diaestion is the process by which food is conb h verted into simpler substances, whlc can be absorbed into the body to provide energy and heat, and to ma ke up [or the wear and tear of the tissues.
Nutrition of the Body. The body is composed of a number of elements, the chief of which are oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, calcium, phosphorus, sulphur ane! Iron.
By combination of these elements all the tissues of the body are built tip.
Food must be taken into the body for the arowth and repair of tissues, and [or providing for work and body heat.. Only a small quantity of the Jood .consumed IS for .the arowth and repCllr of tissues, the proportion being greatest in the early years of life.
L The production of heat and work is due to the burning up of the food taken into the body.
FOOD.
The various forms of food may be divided into the following lasses - all of which are e sential for the nourish men t of th body - protei ns, carbohydrates, fats, mineral substances, water and vitamins.
Protel'JZs, or .LYdrocrcllollS .Foods, are found in such articles of diet as lean meat, white of egg, chcese, peas, beans, and milk. They supply mat rial for the growth and r pair of body tissue, and furnish a small amount of eneray.
Carbohydrates consist of sugar and starch, and are found in flour, bread, rice, potatoes and other roots. These produce heat and energy.
Fals are found in butter, cream, and the fat of nleat. These produce heat and energy.
AID. 35
There are four known varieties of vitamins, ca IIed I' A ," "B ," " C," " D. "
Vzlamz'1l "A" is found in animal fats, beef fat, fish oils, egg yolk, milk, and green leaves.
A lack of this vitamin in the diet prevents gro\Vth in the you ng.
Vz'lalllz'1l "B" is present in most natural foods, especially in cereals, eggs, yeast, liver and brain. leat contains little.
A of this vitamin in the diet brings about a disease called Ben' Ben;, which is described later.
Vzlarnz'n " C" is found in the green leaves of plan ts, such as cabbage, lettuce, etc., roots such as carrots and swedes, fruits such as oranges, lemons and tomatoes, sprouting seeds and fresh mi:k.
A lack of this vitamin brings about a condition known as SCZt1"vy.
V£tamz'n "D." This vitamin is contained in the same substances as Vitamin" A," particularly in cod liver oil.
A lack of this vitamin causes Rickets in growing children.
and green vegetables make any ordinary diet safe by providing a sufficient amount of vitami ns.
TIlE ORGAN OF DIGESTIO, AND THEIR Fu nONS.
The Organs of Dz'gestz'on consist of the Alimentary Canal and certai n accessory organs.
Tize Alzmentary Canal is a long tube starting at the mouth and ending at the anus. It i ncl udes :-
The The Stomach.
The air which leaves the lungs has about the following percentage composition :-
lIIilleral Substances. The body requires certain mineral substances, of which the chief are the chlorides and phosphates of sodium and potassium; also phosphorus, iron and lime. Most organic foods contaili mineral substances. 1\1ilk is rich in lime.
The Pharynx. The Small Intestines.
The CEsophagus. The Large Intestines
The Acce.lso?']' Organs are :--
The Teeth. The Gastric and Intestinal Glands
The Tongue. The Liver.
It will thus be seen that in the lungs the air loses about 4 per cent. of oxygen and gains about 4 per cent. of carbon di-oxide.
The nitrogen and argon of the air pass in and out of the lungs unchanged.
All air contains a certain amount of moisture; but, as the amount varies with the place, surroundings, and weather, it has not been shown in the above table. One thing, however, is definite, the amount of moisture is always greater in expired than in inspired air.
Water supplies the body with moisture. It forms over 60 per cent. of the weight of the body. It is essential to keep the tissues soft and flexible, and for the processes of digestion, absorption and excretion.
VITA:\lINS.
A diet may contain the correct proportions of proteins, carbohydrates, fat, mineral matter, and water, and yet be lacking in some factor necessary for the maintenance of normal health.
Research has shown that these factors are vitamins; and if they are excluded from the diet, lack of growth or certai n diseases appear.
The composition of these ,-itamins is unknown, and sunshi ne is necessary for their prod uction.
The Salivary Glands. The Pancreas.
The louth is bounded in front by the lips, at the sides by the cheeks, above by the palate, and behind by the soft palate and fauces, while the floor is com posed of muscles. 1\1 ucous mem brane lines the whole of the cavity.
Palate, or Roof of the lIIoutlz, consi_ ts of two portions-the hard and the soft palate. The bard palate is in front, and is formed by the superior maxillce and the palate bones; the soft palate is behind, and consists of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane.
Hanging from its free border is a long conical process, ca l led the Uvula, at each side of which are
FIR S T A I D.
* Reprinted by permission of the Controller of H. M. Stationery Office. Copies of the manual can be had of H. M. Slationt'ry Office, Adastral House, Kingsway, London, \V. C. 2, or any branch, price 4/ Sd. post free.
Oxygen Nitrogen Argon Carbon di-oxide 100'00
Oxygen Nitrogen Argon Carbon d i-oxide 17'00 78'00 1'00 4'00 100'00
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two folds of mucous membrane, called the P£lla1'S of the Fauces, between which lie the Tons£ls.
The Tongue is a muscular organ attached to the hyoid bone and the pharynx. It is the organ of taste, and also serves to mix the food and push it between the teeth so that it may be masticated.
The Teeth in the adult are thirty-two in number, sixteen in each jaw, and are of four kinds. There are :-
8 I ncisor Teeth.
4- Canine Teeth.
8 Bicuspid Teeth.
12 Teeth.
The last molars are called the liVz'sdom Teeth, because they do not appear until from the 17th to the 25th yea r of life.
In the fron t of the mouth the teeth are sharp and are used fo r cutting; while at the back they are flat and act as g rinders of food.
The teeth are set in sockets in the jaws, which are covered by the gu ms.
Each tooth has a l: rown, a neck, and one or more fangs or roots, and is composed of dentine covered by a thin layer of enamel.
The centre of the tooth is hollow, and contains the pulp, which is supplied with blood vessels and nerves. These enter the cav;ty by a small opening at the end of each root.
The Salivary Glands secrete saliva. There are three pairs, the parotids, the submaxillary and the sub -lin gual glands.
The Parotzd Glands surround the lower part of the ea r s. Each gland has one duct, which opens on the inner side of the cheek, opposite the second molar tooth.
The Subnzaxz'llmy Glands lie under the lower jaw. Each gland has one duct, which opens on the floor of the mou th under the tongue.
The Sublingual Glands lie under the tongue. Each gland has about twenty small ducts, which open on to the floor of the mouth.
When the food enters the mouth it is chewed or masticated by the teeth, and mixed with saliva from the sa li vary g lands.
Saliva is a watery alkaline and rather slimy fluid, containing a ferment called Ptyalin, which has the power of converting starch (insoluble) into sugar (so lubl e) . Saliva also moistens the mouth, and so aids speaking and swallowing.
After being masticated by the teeth and moi stened with saliva, the food is formed into a ball by the tongue and is passed backwards into the pharynx and cesophag us. This is called the act of swallowing, or D eglutition
Swallowing is a muscular effort; the food does not fall down the ces ophagus. At the commencement of the act the larynx moves upwards, th is allows the epiglottis to fall over the opening of the larynx and prev ents food passing into it.
AI D .
The Pharynx has already been described. The CEsophagus, or Gullet, is a muscular tube about 9 inches long, which connects the pharynx with the stomach, an opening in the diaphragm. It IS lIned WIth mucous membrane.
(To be cont1"nue d.)
S.J.A. B. Overseas.
EW ZEAL\I\D.
Th e" Grand Prior' " Badge has been a \\ a rded Brian Ainger and Clare n ce Baldwin, Y.;\1. .\ Cadet Ambulance Di vis ion , and Patrick hanl1ahan, Chn tc hur c h N o. :3 Cadet Divi ion.
The Qu arterly compet iti on for the "ToneyclifTe" Cup w as held in Tim a ru and r es ul ted in a win for Timaru '0. 2 t eam
Th e divi siona l competit ion of the hristchulch .\mhulan ce Divi sio n for the" Chapman" Cup and Va were held on May 27th. In a clo e contest Pte. L. H. Ea ·t\\·ick (leader), Ptes. 1. O. Barr, T. G. Morgan, and B. W Hall were the winners.
The format ion of the Brigade Band in 'hristcl1urch i making good progress and a r ecruiting has been starte d .
The c up presented to the No. 3 Field N.Z. M. c., by taff-Sergeant E. Gilberd, for tht: most cnlClent memher for the year, was won by Corporal C. Poulton, \\"ho is also a member of the No.3 Ambu lance Division.
RHODE
Th e annual r et urn of the Rhod esian Railway District for 1Q35 gives the fo ll ow ing particulars :-Cases attended by members whil st on public dut y, 719 ; in add iti on, 2,030 case's re ce ive d attentio n durin g working hours on railway premi e . Tw enty -five r emova ls were undertaken, mainly stretcher cases transhipped at Bulawayo Station.
The strength of the Di strict on D ecember 31st, 1935, was 5 se nior offices at Bulawayo, an d 4 surgeon,S s up erintend e nts, 5 ambulance officers, 10 N.C.O.' s, 100 men an d 19 ambulance sisters, making a gran d toLal of 148. Colonel Sleeman co nduct ed the a nnu a l inspection on November 9th and r e ported that a ll Di visions were keen and efficient.
Mr. W. J. R asta ll has been promoted Lo Lhe rank o f District Office r. His assoc iation with the 1. John m ove m e nt dates from 1906 , when he received hi s flrst aid ce rti ficate while in th e service of the South African R ai lw ays at Pretoria H e h e ld the rank of Corps Sup er int e nd e nt s in ce January 1931.
Seven members of the Bulawayo Nur s ing Divi s ion undertook a course in Hygiene a nd were s u ccess ful in qualifying for the Hygiene certiflcate.
Several members perform ed Defe n ce Force M.edical section duties at the Camp held near Gwelo. This experience proved of great value to then.1 in their ordinary Brigade duties.
Does your colleagu e read F IR S T AID , i f not , s end us his address and we w ill post him a copy _
Rat/way Ambulance News.
Gr eat We ster n.
CHALFORD. - The annual competition for the ( Edwards r, Shield, given by Dr. C. D. Edwards to the Chalford and District Ambulance Class, was held on July 5th. The contest comprised both team and individual work, the adjudicator being Dr. A. V. Dill, who was as isted by 11r. VV. E. J. Perks, Divisional Secretary. Three teams participated and the result was declared as under: Winner of Shield, A team (captain, Mr. A. J. vVilliams), 150 marks; 2nd, B team (captain, Mr. M. R. \Vorsfold), 14-9 mark. l\Ir. R. H. Taysum, calling upon Mrs. Perks to present the trophy to the winning team, expressed the gratitude of the cla s to Dr. Edwards for his gift of the trophy and to Dr. Dill for his service as adjudicator. Dr. Dill spoke of the good work performed by the competing teams .
LU,IPETER -Members of the Lampeter Ambulance Class held their annual gatherinO" last month, when 1\1r. D. Spurrell Davies, Asst. Di trict Traffic Manager, presented examination a wa rd. Among those present were the Mayor and Mayoress of Lampeter, Mr. and Mrs. Ebenezer Lloyd, Mrs. Rees Thomas, 11r. R. J. R. Loxdale, J.P., and Mr. T. . A. lIod on, Div. Ambulance Secretary.
II. C. Cooper, tatlOn ma ler, presided and welcomed the guests. They had in the he said, a staunch supporter of the am hulance movement, while Mr. Charles Evans and Mr. Loxdale had both shown their interest by competition trophies. The Lampeter team had thIS year had the honour of winning the" Charles Evans" Cup.
The Mayor, proposing the toast of the Great Western Railway Ambulance Movement, paid tribute to the r ail:vvay and its first-aid workers, and Mr. H odson, respondIng, re.ferred to the splendid progress made during recent years In the Central vVales Division.
Mrs. Rees Thomas presented the" Evans" Cup to the team, and gold efficiency medals were distributed by 11r. Loxdale An. interesting feature in the proceedings was the presentatlOll by the Mayoress of a cake dish to 11r. J. L: Jones on behalf of the class in appreciation of his serVIces as secretary.
. annual social and supper in connectlOn WIth the Penarth Town Ambulance Class took place on July 20th, at the Red Cross Hall, and was presided over by Mr. A. W. Hollingdale, Divisi onal Engineer. A large number o f gold efficiency medals and examination awa rds were distributed by Mr. F. G Wainwright, Di v . Supt., who congratulated the recipients on their success.
DOLGELLEy.-A pleasing function took place on July 24th, wllen the Ambulanc e Cup was pres e nted to the Dolgelley Beg Inners' team. Mr. J. R. M o rris , Div. Supt., the donor of the trophy, said he was g ra tified at the of th e team and asked Lt.-Col. W. H Hall, forme r DIstrict Goods Manager at Shrewsbury to present cup, he. did with a few well Mr. MartIn, DIstrIct Goods Mana ge r , LIverpool, and Mr.
Robert Vaughan, D.L., J.P., an enthusiastic admirer of the movement al 0 added their congratulations to the Dolgelley class.
PLYl\WUTH.-As reported in Ollr issue of July, a posthumous award of the Vellum Vote of Thank of the Order of St. John was recently made to the late 11r. R. G. odde r, Div: Amb ecretary, G.W.R., Plymouth Division, and hIgh tnbute was paid to his memory when 1\1r. S. Pear on, District Traffic Manager, presented the framed certi.ficate to l1rs. N odder in recognition of her husband's erVlces, not only during his ten years of divi ional secretaryship, but prior to that time, when he was Secretary of the Liskeard class It was recalled that Mr. ?\ odder had received the Company's special certificate for exceptionally efficient first aid in 1933. Special reference was made to the valued a sistance that Xodder had re.ndered to her late hushand during his long association WIth the movement.
TRAxsPoRT.-A case which was without precedent was recently recorded in the press, in which a Dutch seaman, suffering from a fractured pelvis, was transported from a Fower Hospital to FlushinO". The ,( ParraH" stretcher, designed by a G.\V .R. at TauI?t.on, was placed at the disposal of the hospItal authontles. The patient ,,,as placed on the at Fowey and conveyed by night train to Paddmgton, where he was met by an ambulance and driven to Liverpool Street station. He was placed on the boat train for Harwich and put on the L.N.E.R. steamer. The j(;)Urney 19 and as first-aiders will a ppr eCIate, It was Imperatlve that transport should be effected without moving the patient.
Lo nd o
n, Mid land a nd Sc ott i sh .
BLETCIILEY -Mr ._ w. J. Brown recently presented Cl' ards to the succe tlll class members, which consisted of. 11 first-year certl1icates; 5 econd-year vouchers; 6 thIrd-yea r medallions and 26 labels. Mr. R. F. Cave (15 a nd Mr. C. W. Basford (25 years), rec eived long-servIce gold medals.
MARKET HARBOROUGII.-The annual presentation of awards took on July 26th. Owing to the absence of Mr. Gee, the chaIr was taken by 11r. E. H. Jon es, Class Secretary.
pr. ? P. Stoker, Lecturer, presented the award, and In hIS remarks mentIoned how much he enjoyed !riving the lectures 1 and also the need for more ambu lanc e to be enrolled
The Chairman thanked Dr. S to k er on be half of the Company and Class fo r his past services and his valuable help and advice in preparing for competitions.
Mr. W. G. Backhurst, team seconding the of than!.;:s,. remarked that a pr.act.lcal way of showing th.elr would be by wmmng next year's Distnct Competltlons.
36 F I R S T
PIRS't AID. 37
The awards pre ented \nre: Fir't-Year ertificatcs, 1 ; 2; Label , 13; Long enice Gold 1\ledal 2,
TREDEG \R.-il1r. R. Robert pre ided onf a good attendance at the annual di tribution of prize, held on July 17th, at which il1r. C. H. Tait and 1\1r. L. "'allis pre ented -+ Fir t Year Certificate, 1 Youcher, and 18 Lab e ls. 'Yallis handed oyer the Goulborn " hield, \\'on by Trede o' ar No.1 Team, of which ::\1r. T. C. Pugh is captain, and congratulated the winners. 1\1r. Tait pre ented Long en ice gold medal to the follO\\'ing for 15 years' sen ice: ,V. H. Toomh E. E. Nugent, J. H. Dayie , F. J. Diment. G. v\ Tilliams and A. F. \\·illiams and a gold bar to 1\1r. J. Cobner, Blaenavon, for 20 years' sen ice.
::\1r. Tait made an earnest appeal to the young man entering the en'ice to take up the amhulance moye111ent and referred to the hard \York of ilI1'. F. J. Diment, Cla Secretary, \\ho had performed in that capacity for many years \\'ith contagious enthusiasm.
london and NOI"th Eastern. AREA
::\1r. S. Cooper (Secretary) has issued his annual report for the year ended June 30th, 1936) which, we are pleased to note , g ins definite signs that ambulance work in the 1'\.E. Area is making excellent progress.
During the past season 142 classes were held: Darlington 2-+, Hull 17, Leeds 11, ::\1iddlesbrough 19, K e\\'castle -+-+, and Y o rk 27; an increa e of 18 oyer the preyious year. A total of 2)813 pas es \\'ere recorded at e xaminations (an incr e ase of 117) and there is yet the result of one examination to come in and four examinations still to tak e place. Since the formation of the Cen t re, over 50 , 000 awards have been g-ained,
The accident returns number 76,692, individual distrIct numbers being Darlington 32,313, Hull 11,907, Leeds 3,463, :'Iiddlesbrough 5,734, Newcastle 11,-+70 and York 11 ,803. Since 1896 the total of cases attended now totals 1,677,907.
Competitions were again a great success, 54 teams entering the Di trict events. Hull Dairycoates were the ultimate winners of the Area" vVharton" Shield.
During the year under review 67 gold medals for 15 years; 9 bars for 20 years, 8 bars for 23 years, 8 bars for 30 years and 2 bars for 23 years examination successes were awarded members of the Centre
11r. Cooper concludes his report by extending- his thanks to Secretaries and others who have rendered such yeoman service.
Mr. A. Atkinson, Centrj: Chairman and York District Secretary, presided at the annual meeting of the .E. Area Centre, which was held on Sunday, July 26th, at Harrogate.
11r. J. Steel, Goods Agent, Harrogate, and Presiclent of the Leeds District, welcomed the members.
T.he District Secretaries, Messrs. S. P. Thompson (Darl1l1gton), G, H. Oakes (Hull), A. Atkinson (York)
A. E: J. G. Hansell (Leeds) and ]. submitted their annual reports, whIch were conSIdered very satisfactory.
Mr S. Cooper) Secretary, presented his r eport, extracts of whIch arc gIven above.
AID.
Thc followin o Officer' were ullanimously reelected: - ;:-,
Honorary President, ir R. L. vVeclgewood; Pre iclent, Thos Hornsby, Esq ; Centre Chairman, Mr. A Atkin 'on; Centre Secretary. ::\Ir. Cooper.
11r. G. Murray, Ne\\ca tie, \\ a unanim()usly acceptul a' an honorary member of the General Coullcil Jl1 recognition of the valuable en'ice he had rendered to the cau c of first aid.
The Hull Di trict Field Day Ambulance C()mpetitioll, which wa held on the grol1nd: of thc L.KE.H. \ thll'tic Ouh, South coates Lane, had to he adjourned ()\\ to rain after two team ' had competed, to the 'uulhcoate' Lane School Room. It i pleasing to note that this I the first time in 17 ),eaL that this procedure had to hL resorted to owino- to rain.
Nine team entered for the team \\ ork. and 12 firstyear tudent \\ erc put th rough a fairly stilT test in the individual competition.
The judges were Dr ' .]. :'1. IIermon, X. and L. F. \ Vilson. -
-:'Ilr. \\' Kix()l1, Chairman of the IIull district. Illtr()duced l\Ir. \\-. T. they (\,ice-Prl'ielent), \\'h() prLsll1e<l, and -:'IIr Athey. )'lr. Athey, after congratulating the \\ inning team. aid that ill vicw of the tragedIes occurrillt.: \\eekly on the road, it behoyed every man to know 'ol11ething' about fir t aid.
' :'1rs .•\they pre. entecl the John Larder" Chalknt:L Shiekl to the Vair} coates team, \\ ho WLTe the willners \\ ith 23-+ point, heillg closely follo,,"ed 11\ the Dock Engineer' l\O, 1 team \\ ith _33 p()int". -
The first-year studcnts' clll1lpLlitiClIl \\;IS \\Oll h,\ .2\1r. Barker with 38 poinh, follr)\\ cd h\ :'1 r. \\. hit 1Il1 with 36 point, -
Dr. J. 1\1. Hermoll, \\ ho \\ a - rL';pon ihlc iClr the tL am te t, congratulated the team , Oil t he \\ (1\ that thL\ had performed the work ane! said he al\\'iws t;'icd t() "L t 'a tll to deal with uch a they might cOI;,e ill touch \\ Ith 111 their daily work.
, S. Cooper. Centre 'ecretary. pre ellted a SerVIce gold meclal to 1\I1'. F. Barnell) for hl L1l sllccessful in passin£!,' 15 ClIlI1U;t1 e, -amillations.
The arrangell1cnts \\ere 111 the hand uf .2\11'. C;. II. Oake , the Hull District ecretary, supported hy memhers of his Committee
The presentation of the class award , in cOllnection the Yard ter's class took place all Sunday, July 19th, m the orth Road tation Ambulance Room.
Mr. R. Gill,. Goods Agent, DarlingtOIl, pre ided, the class awards belllg pre ented by Mrs. Gill, who congratulated members on attaining 100 per cent. pass and emphaSIsed the need for ambulance workers in thesc clays of speed and wheels
Mr. S. P. Thompson, District Secretary in welcoming ::\1r. and Mrs. Gill, stated it was a great pleasure to see them at thi function, particularly as 1\1r. Gill was not only intere.sted in the movement, but was himself a qualified. a lder who had taken part in severa l l arge C0111pelltlOns.
Councillor S. IIardwick, J.P. , thanked Mr. and M r s Gill for their attendance and Mr. Corry for his kindness in giving the cinema display.
The arrangements were in the ab l e hands of Mr. F. Wilson, Class Secre,ta ry who was assisted by Mr. M. Darnes, the Class Chairman
An int erest in g competi ti o n t ook place o n Wednesday,
Jllly 15th, in tIle Lecture Hall, Paragon .Station, when two railway ambulance team met 111 competltlOn to decide the winners of a much-coveted trophy, the " Braund JJ Rose Bowl.
The two teams are members of the Hull District Railway Ambulanc\.! League, formed last year. Seven team took part \',' hel1 each in friendly rivalry met each other twice durin o the ' e sioll) \\, ith the result that the Dai rycoate team and that of the Mechanical Engineers tied for first each ohtaining: 19 points A final eyent took place, Dairyc()aleS gained 173 points on the team work and 122 point individual, totalling 295 points. Engineer'S team, 162 points stretcher, and 1271 points indiyidual, total 28n points) thu Dairycoates \\ ere declared the winner of the trophy, which was presented to them by J. . Harper) the District President.
A. Atkinson, of York, the Centre Chairman, ()fficiated as judge, and II. Hodges a timckeeper.
),Iany friend werl pn:"ent, including Harper.
Mr. \\'. :\ixClIl, DI'Slricl hairmtln, :L-.lr. Parish and Mrs. Parish.
A volt: of thanks wa accorded to Atkin Oil hy the captains oj the teanL, :'1r. S. Jack, (lll, and II. Crad) respectivcly, and ::\11'. C. II. Oakes. Di trict tar)" exprl'S ' eel thallk to ]\1r. and ::\Irs, IIarper
Southe,.,n.
ALTO.\.-The a\\ an)... h) tht: memhLrs of tht: \It()11 Ambulance lIas wcre pn"Llltcd recently to the successful l':tndidatls b} the \\ife of the Lecturer (1\lr. \\ Illialll'S), Dr. \Yilliam<;, \\ ho has in , tnlctccl the cIa s for the last ninc years, congratulated the recipient - on doing 0 well, hut said he hoped tht:y \\oulel get more Illl'll to join. The Doctnr addcd that hL' \\ a "'me the public appreciated the Rail\\ aYlllen" en' ice in connection with first aid.
RrWJIILL.-Thl.' annual eli tribution of awards for fir t aid in connectiull \\"Ith the Redhill Ambulance cIa took place recently \\hen the recipients included members of the Borough Police, \\"ho ha\'e been among the pupils at the classes,
::\11'. L. ears (A t. Di\· llPt., London Bridge), pre ided o\'er a good attendance, and \Va upportcd by T. ReI 'cy (Loco Foreman), ::\1r. II. IIullneyhcll (Class Secretary), Dr. An tey Chave (Hon. Lecturer) and Mr F. Trott (Acting District Secretary, Horsham). The Chairman expres ed plea nrc at the intere t being stimulated at Redhill with regard to ambulance work, and said it was very satisfactory to hear that there were a number of recruits to receive awards. They tried to foster the movement of first aid because they never knew \\ hen they mig-ht be called upon to give as i tance in emergency, and after all, what could be better than for a man to make him elf proficient to r<:nder service when needed. Although it took a good {I<::al of their time to attend the classes so ably conducted by Dr. Chaye, they had sati faction at the same time of knowing they were workmg for a good cause
Hunneyhell (Class ecretary) reported on the actlvll1es of the class and said that at the commencement of the yea r there werc 60 on t h e register, but, clue to re1110"a l s, that Ilumher had fallen to 57 acti"e members, compared with 51 the p r evious year and 46 the year before
awa r ds were presented by 1\1r C. Y. Hill (DIVIS Iona l Engineer) w h o was accorded a hearty welcome.
A I D. 39
2\11'. Hill spoke of the value of ambulance work and efficient knowledge of first aid in emergency He congratulated the recipients of the awards.
During the evening ::\1r. Hill presented to Dr. Chave an emlJos ed blotter in token of the appreciation of the class for what he had done for them in the past.
Railways and the S.J.A. B.
The result of the" Dewar" shie ld competition this year brillg-s to notice a rather interesting facl. App r oximately 1000 teams entered ill the illitial !:ltages tl'Joughout the country and it is significant that the teams 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th places in the final competition \\'ere al l COI11posed of railwaymen.
OIL idering til(' natural difficullies \"ith \\ hich many rail\\'Cl) man are facetl, o\\' i ng to their varying turns of duty, in securing opportunities for lull team practices, it lan be said thal the result this year is a great tribute to the efficienc\ and interest of railwaymen in ambulance work. \\' el l 'done, the rail ways!
It may be asked: " Is this an exceptional year?" Th at is a fair question and requires a reply based on achie\ ements. \\'hilst the 1936 results constitute a record achie\'ement so far as the railways are concerned, it is a re ult \\'hich has imprO\'ed from rea r to year up to its present standard.
On examination of the results \\ e find that from 1932 to 1935 inclusive the first place in the" Dewar" shield has been \\'on each year by a team of rail\\,aY111en, In addition, during- the same period, teams composed of h,Wl' gained the second place on t\\'o C1ccaSlons. ThiS, !:lurel\" is r ather rCI-:1arkable and speaks \'olumes for the first aid training on the railway.
In spile of all difficulties, the results pro\'e that it is the rail \ 'a) man \\'ho g-ets t here because of his high railway standard of 5en'ice to olhers and the encouragement recei\'ed from the railway managements.
Some idea of lhe intere t taken by rail\\'aymen in ambulance \\'ork may be gathered from the fact that on the fo ur l11 lin lin es no fe\\'er than 2 ,000 of their tafC qualified for the \'arious award of the St jC1hn Ambulance As ociation frC1m certificale to labels of J1Iany years' standing in the last St. J ohn ambulance year.
It would appear from the foregoing that the railway employees are pre-eminent in the art of first aid, although the need for their crviccs might be considered trifling as compared \\'ith the sen'ices required in this direction on the roads.
As member of lhe t. J ohn Ambulance Brigade, h o\\,e \ cr, it is interesting to know that arge numbers of railwaymen assist in many in stances those wh o travel by other means than the railway.
I ajo r G, II. Green, of Olds\\'inford, tourbr id g-e, ha a si h 'er c up to R owley R egis Di\' is io n , S.J. \. B., ",hid, is to be com peted for ann u a lly by teams of one X C. O. and fo ur privat es in e lTi cie n cy tests.
The Table II of War Gases which appeared in our August, 1935 issue, can be had in page form at the nominal charge of 2 -, per 50, post free. Applications should be sent, together with remittance, to " First Aid," 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C·4.
3 FIR S T
FIRST
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..
Principle Rules for Resllscitation.
By DR. L. TELEKY, Dusseldorf.
THROUGH practical experiments of resuscitation on more than LOO dead, apparently dead, asphxiated and deep unconscious people, and through experience from about 400 cases of poisoning and studies of reports on this subject, I have come to the following result:-
1. The expression "resuscitation" is only adaptable with asphyxia, not in cases of weakness or unconsciousness.
2. I naccuracy concern ing this su bject has led to worthless methods having been recommended. This has also been the case when concl usions have been made from the place of exercise, where people who only acted as having met with an acciden t have been attended.
3. The person who attends has to remem ber that asphyxia only lasts for a few minutes, so that resuscitation must be tried at. once without losing time.
4. By all methods of artificial breathing the air-passage must be kept free. The difficulties may be great. If these are not overcome, artificial breathing is of no use. Only the pulmotor calls automatically one's attention on the stopping of the air-passage. Advancing of the under-jaw assists in holding free the passage.
S. Silvester's method is the most effective of manual methods for artificial breathing. The advantage of manual methods is, that they can be executed immediately, the drawback that they claim much force and endurance.
6. Among the apparatus the Inlzabad gives the same as Silvester. The Pulmotor gives a better ventilation of the lungs and makes it possible to add oxygen eventually carbonic acid at the same time, and Pulmotor shows, as already said, a stopping of the air-passage. The administration of the pulmotor reg uires more care than usual. It ough t to be found in every rescue-station.
7. Besides artificial brearhi ng massage of the heart and injections stimulating the centres of the heart and the respiration must be given-especially Coramine and Lobeline. Any other manipulation has to be avoided, being of no use and even timelosing.
S. Every life-saving organisation must dispose of an established physician, an accident one being without necessary experience; also on account of collecting material for comparison and improvement of the methods.
9. The effort of revival must be continued until death is surely shown by rigidity of the
muscles, often at least an hour, and much longer at an electric shock.
10. Layman must be solidly trained, especially in keeping the air-passage free, in managing utensils and in injections. Medical students as well must have a course in revival, and al I physicians ought to study the periodical press concerning this subject. - Extract from lecture given at the fourth International Congress of Life aving and First Aid in Cases of Accident.
A. J. Thofllas's Modification of the Thomas Knee Splint. *'
, U? e rill/Cllde lll, '»dll ( J J.lunicipal C OllllcLi Dh' isiOJl, St, .101m
(Conl/ll11Cci /1'0111 page 1 2 ).
THE length of the inner side bar is th ree feet six inches (large size), the outer bar being five inches longer, This length varies as does the length of the whole splint in the two smaller sizes. This length was by the length of the civil am bulance waggon, and is just Ion a enou ah for a b b patIent whose height is six feet. It should be three inches longer, but a splint of such length would not, when applied to the patient, fit into the waggons.
Figure 2 shows the splint assembled with the
bandaaes folded into "narrow bandages" (St. John ;attern); (c) shows a padded wedge to place inside the outer part of t?e rlng the splint be too large; (d) shows eIght alumInium autter splints, ten by five inches, eight by five inches, ten by [our inches, eight by four inches, two ten by three inches, two eighteen by f.our inches; (e) shows four zinc-sprayed paper clIps. Figure 3 shows the method of joining the two ends.
the splint with two basils on the upper half and two on the lower half.
2
largest head and the other two heads and accessories placed by its side. The splint accessor ies are shown in Figure 2 as follows: (a) shows four pieces of basil two inches wide and fifteen inches long, each inner end being sown to make a loop to slide along the inner bar. The outer ends are to the outer bar :vith paper clips (sprayed WIth zInc); (b) shows eIght standard triangular
* Reprinted from the Medz'cal Jou1'1wl of A ustralz'a.
stretcher bar designed by A.J.T. The uprights are one foot tpn inches long and may be clamped on to any stretcher. The grooved blocks are to make them adaptable for use on hospital beds. The cross-piece is two feet long for stretchers and three feet long for hospital beds.
Figure 5 shows, lying on the ground, a
placi ng a bottle knot wi th a " narrow bandage" over the shoe of a patient's lim b. Number 2 is supporting the limb with fi8.t hands (not gripping fingers) placed under the knee. The bearer should apply his hands gently but firmly, and should exert traction forwards and down wards. N urn ber 1, having applied the bottle knot, grasps the two ends of the bandage and, in unison with number 2, gradually takes the strain, leaning back to straighten the limb, using the weight of his own body, with elbows extended.
patient who has a fracture about the middle of his left thigh.
Figure 6 illustrates the first step-assembling
extension andlN umber 2 sliding the splint under the limb, pressing the ring against the tube'rtsclz£z'.
-1-0 FIRST
A I D.
TOREY, O. R E., l\r.n. , C h 'Il. (Sydney ), 1'. R C S .( E ng lan d}, F R A C \, ]. TIIOi\I.\
FIG.
FIRST
FI J. 3.
Figure4 illu trat san improved (unassembled)
FIG. 4.
FIG. 5.
Alb. 41
FIG 6.
Figure 7 shows step 2. Number 1 bearer IS
FIG. 7.
Figure 8 shows Number 1 maintaining the
FIG. t>.
One can see by the pleased expression on the patient's face that all pain has now ceased One of the writers, J.C.S., knows by eXj:'erience that, when a steady extension has been maintained for a few moments, such patients cxperience unexpected reI ier.
In Figu re 9, N umber has bu kled the strap
degree of pull is governcd by the Il.1turc of the Injury
In the case of a compound fracture or an injury of troe knee, just cnough to steady the limb would be used, and for a closed fracture of the thigh considerable extension.
In Figure 11 the two lower basils are clipped to the outer bar. An aluminium gutter plint is held behind the site of the fracture and supported at each end with a turn of "narrow bandage" round each side bar. The ends of the bandages are tied over an interior gutter splint. The knee is stead ied by a " narrow bandage, ' as is the cal f.
In Figu re 12 the patie 11 t has been lifted on to the stretcher.
is being handled, the end of the splint is held near the left upright. One of the uprights is now made fast to the handle of the stretcher (the uprights are on a swivel).
The time for complete treatment is as follows : assem bli ng spl in t, ten seconds t of fracture three minutes fifty seconds loading on to and slinging limb, two minutes forty-five seconds.
The method of applying the bottled knot is copied from an article by J. C. S. pLI bl ishecl i:i The ,1!ed/cal Journal of Australz'a of No\'em ber 24th, 193+.
(To be contz'nued.)
Bindi ng Copie s of " F.A. "
KEEP your Copies of FIRST AID clean and tidyhave them bound.
Letters to the Editor .
We are in no way responsible for the opinions or the statements made, by Correspondents. -I DIToR.
DEAR SIR.-
Whilst in London recenLly I took the opportunity of calling at St. John's Gate. There I wa: and hO'vvl1 round various part, much to my satisfactIOn I was, howe"er, greatly impressed the of the Stores Department and the effiCient way 111 which orders are despatchcd. Dpon leaving .this I was handed a beautifully illustrated prtce hst contalnlIlg not only particulars of goods for use on duty, but also at ""ork and in the home.
Having been a member of the St. J Ambulance for nearly 12 years, it was a su:p.f1.se to me to obtain such a list and I wonder why every diVISion does not hm c a copy for its use.
Yours faithfully, Lancashire. " l\lDIBER. II
over a folded triangular bandage to stop pres.:,ure, and is fastening the upper two basi Is, ope above and one below the site of fracture (indicated by the mark on the trouser leg). Number 1 maintai ns the extension.
In Figure 10, l'\umber 2 now holds the trac -
tion bandage firmly on the side bars. Number 1 takes the ends round the side bars, makes them fast to the hook, and then slowly winds the handle, asking the patient to let him know if it is taut enough. \iVith the Bowden wire one can appreciate the amount of tension one is applying. The
If the patient be onsciolls and the other limb uninjured, he can, while the broken limb i5 supported, hel p hi msel f on to the stretcher. Otherwise it is advisable to obtain the aid of a by tander when lifting with t\Vo bearers. Note that the broken lim b is held clear of the stretcher by means of the paten t rest. I n the photograph, to accentuate this important point, a small box has been placed under the rest, but when the rest is on the ground the limb is still supported by [he splint and not by the canvas of the stretcher.
Figure 13 shows the splint slung from the
end your copies for the last Volume (J uly, 1935, to June, 1936) and we will return same bound in an attractive case of leather cloth, with the ti tIe of the pu blication in gold letters on the front and side and the eight pointed cross on front, for 6s., post free.
Complete Volumes can be supplied at 9s , post free.
Binding Cases only, 2s. 9d. post free.
DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD , 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E C.4. .---
During- the .\Ider hot Taltoo wcek memhers of the .\Ider hot and Corp, S. J ..\. B., performed 954 hours of road duty, and attended 43 ca c , of which 37 were at the i\lclershot Slat ion, on the l\YO Snturdc1Y nights.
[We understand from the Stores .:\lanager that of the rrice list is sent to e"ery 111 Dn lslo.n for the use of the members of hiS or her diVISion. It IS apparent, therefore, that some. officers, as y.our case, on receipt of their copy ju t put It away and It IS forgotten. \Ve " ould uocrest that the senior officer-in-charge should han!; the pric;list up in their di\ isional so that their mem bers can refer to same at any time. -EDITOR.]
At the Thorne Colliery Ambulance Competition, held on Saturday, July 18th, IIickleton l\1ain place with 164 points, followed by Kilnhurst Colliery with 161 Dunington, 60. 1\[r. G. of Hickleton won the 1I1dl \ idual prize.
Thirteen teams competed in the annual ambulance compeLition for the" .\shton l\lemorial" Cup, held at \Valeswood on August 8th. Sih erwood Colliery were flrst, Pontefract second and New tubbin Colliery third. '\1r. \V. Foster (Silvcrwood Colliery) gained first place in the individual competitions.
The annual competition for the "Lady utherland" Shield of the \Voolle), Colliery ambulance class, "'as held on Saturday, August 1st. Dr. H. K Beyerle)' being the judge. \Voolley Colliery No.1 team \\'ere placed \ Voodmore second and \Volley Colliery No.2 tll1rd. Thirteen teams competed. 1\1r. J. Allen won the indi\'idual event.
13
stretcher bar and t he patient ready for transport. The foot-rest is folded under the splint and a clove h itch is placed on each side bar. One end of each bandage is fixed by a clove hitch to the cross bar and the other end to the uprights . If the l eft l im b
l\!r\RRIAGE.-\Ve are pleased to announce the forthcomin'r marriage between 1\1r. ""alter Jennings, of the London Exchange, and l\1iss \Vinifred G. Church Brasier, only daughter of the late Brigade Chief. upt. \ V. J. Church Bra ier and Lady Supt. Church The " Chief," together \\ ith his wife, will ever be chenshed 111 the memory of the Brigade for their personification of the Ordl'r's motto - I' Fur the gooJ of l\lankind." \Ve undE>rstand the weddino' \vill take place in September at St. John's Church, and ,,\ extend to the bride and briJegroom elect our l1ea;tiest congratJlations and sincerest wishes for the future.
42 FIR S T
FIG. 9.
FIG. 10.
A I D .
FIG. 11.
FIC. 1.z.
FIG
FIRST
A I D . 43
Dorking's New Austin Ambulance.
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:3 e
:; E
Our Nurses' Pages.
COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.
, o. 3 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B. KETTERING CORP .-The first member of this Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade to pass the examination in Air Raid Precautions is Lady Ambulance Officer Miss G. K. Smith, of Roth,Yell, Secretary of the Rothwell Nursing Di\ ision.
?\liss Smith, who is a member of the teaching staff at Stamford Road chools, Kettering, took the course in Air Raid Precautions held in London last ovember, and in the recent examination succeeded in passing both Grade I and Grade II.
Grade I entitles the holder both to lecture and examine members of the Brigade in this subject, and Miss Smith is to be warmly congratulated on her success.
:\0. 4 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B. CROSFIELD TURSING Dl\·ISION.-This issue includes a photog-raph of this year's wmners of the South-West Lancs. District Tro;Jhy, who are members of the Crosfield 1 ursing Division.
The Diyision, which was formed in 1932, has already made a name for itself in competition work. Besides winningthe District Trophy this year, it also held it for 1933 and 1934.
Apart frol11 this, tlle Diyision, \\'ith a membership of 29, has 24 of the Voluntary Aid Detachment, a truly excellent percentag-e of its total streng-tho
No. 5 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.
PRESE'TATION AT DENBY DALE. - Following the weekI V drill at the Ambulance Hall, Denby Dale, Dr. and Mrs. J ones were presented with a gentleman's morocco dressingcase with ebony fittings, and a crystal biscuit barrel, on Monday, July 20th. The gifts were in appreciation of services rendered to the Nursing Division by Dr. Jones as Divisional Surgeon, and by Mrs. Jones as Secretary.
Irs. Norton, President of the Nursing Division, made the presentation, and Mrs. Walter Kenyon, Vice-President, and Lady Div. Supt. Miss Hirst paid tribute to the help given by the doctor and his wife.
TO. 7 DISTRICT, S.lA.B.
HAY NURSING DIVISION.-Officers and members of the Hay Nursing Division were kindly entertained to tea at The on Tuesday, July 7th, by Mrs. Riddell, President of the Division.
Afterwards, Mrs. M. Thomas of Whitland, mother of the Divisional President, who herself gave conspicuous service as a V. A. D. during the Great War, presented certificates, won at a recent examination, to the following ;_ Miss B. Riddell, Miss T. Jay, 1rs. H. Jones, Mrs. G. Jones, Mrs. E. Fowler, Miss J. Bebb, Miss G. Turn e r, Miss Z. Dobell, Miss C. Davies, Iiss K. Grant and Miss K. Woodley. On bebalf of the class, Mrs. Riddell presented a leather wallet Lo Dr. W. W. Wilson as a mark of of his services as lecturer,
No.8 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.
CRAWLEY NURSING CADET DI\'lSION.-The. ussex up, won by a team from this Division at the St. John ..\mbul ance Brigade competitions held at Tunbridge Wells in April last, was presented to them on aturday, July 25th. The team cons isted of Cadets F. Blundell, B. B. ;\Iartin and E. Brown.
Dr. S. P. Matthews presided on this oeca ion, and \\'a supported by Cadet upl. \V. Cooper and Cadet OOlcer Vine. The presentation was made by Lady District OOlcer :\li Blades, to whom a bouquet wa. h lnded by adet Peggy Sturt.
Lady Div. Supt. 1\liss latlhews thanked :\liss Blade and Dr. Matthews for their assistance, and Doris Mitchell, Acting Cadet Superintendent, seconded this.
The annual presentation of award won hy Illclllb rs of the senior Division followed, the recipients being Lad:. Ambulance Officer l\liss .\. turt, and Ambulance isters l\Irs. C. Coker, Miss V. Dean, Mr'. F. Dixon, :\Irs. '. J. Hammond, l\liss Hodding, rs. A. l\litchell, :\\ iss D. l\1itchell, l\lrs. L. argent, l\lrs. towe, :\Irs. A. J. \\'att , Miss vVilson, Miss vVoodward, li s Earl, l\lrs. Ca son and 1i ss Galbraith.
The cup winner ga\ e it delllon5tratillil of practical \\ ork under the direction of Lady Di\ l\\i s l\\itchell and lis s Hodding
IN SPECTION BY H. R. II. THE PRI
'C ESS ROYAL.
The Princess Royal, Commandant-in-Chicf of the Voluntary Aid Detachments of the Briti h Red eros ocicly, inspected sixteen detachments of the Count) of \Vil t hire at Longford Castle, the home of the Earl and Countes of Radnor The Countess is a member of \Vilt shire V.A.D. 10, herself.
Her Ro ya l Highness arrived at Salisbury station hortly before noon, and was given a cordial welcome by the people of the city as she motored through to the astle.
Unfortunately, during the dedication of the Colours, and whilst the parade was standing to attention in the hot sunshine, about 2 dozen members of the V.A. D. were overcome by the heat. St. John Ambulance men had to run out to the parade ground with stretchers to carry fainting' women to the first aid tent or to assist them as they stumbled away to the tent. Others had to sit down in their places in the ranks, and several felt faint and while attempting to walk out of the ranks, collapsed on the g rass beside their colleagues.
V.A. D. INSPECTION AT LEATHERHEAD.
V. A. D. Surrey 22 of the British Red Cross Society was inspected by Major S. O. Dolan, R.A. M.C., on Monday, July 6th, on behalf of the War Office.
The Inspecting Officer warmly congratulated the members on their excellent work, and on their knowledge of Red Cross matters in general.
Colonel L. F. Renny, County Controller, also spoke of the progress made by the detachment, and appealed for an increased membership. It was imperative, he added, that every member should have a thorough knowledge of Air Raid
FIR S T
Precaution measures; this was just as important a subject as First Aid.
Badges and certificates were present d by Colonel Renny as follow5 ;-
First Aid ;- 1r Bird, :'Iliss Dixon and 1\[rs. Hunter; Advanced Certificate :- liss Vinall and Irs. \\'ood Proficiency Badge :-l\liss Backus and Mrs. Wall; Bar: Mrs. Blackmore.
Home Nursing, First Certificate :- 1\lrs. Bird, l\liss Dixon, :\lrs. Humber and Mrs. Keeler; .\dvanced Certificate \Vall and Irs. Wood; Proficiency Badge:1rs. La\,\'rence ant! !\frs. Vinall ; Bar; :\lr-.;. Blad{lnore.
In tructor's crtificate Lawrence.
Merit Badge (for proficiency in First \id, Home 1 ursingand Hygiene Sanitation): \[ic;s Virgo.
Command·tnt l\lr James, assisted bj .\ssistant Commandant :\1 rs. Longley and :'I1r5. Blackmore, \vas in charge of the parade. Among- those present at the inspection wac:; 1\li Turner, County ecretary.
LIIURCIl PARADE AT :'IL\I[)STONE.
;\Tearl) 400 members l)f the Kent Branch of the British
AID. 45
S.J.A B. NURSING PERSO!'.NEL CAMP.
l\1 em bers of Nursing Di visions from all parts of the country assembled in glorious sunshine at Rossall, on August 1st. They had a busy time finding their rooms, cubicles or beds in the various dormitories of the following houses: Gibsons', Griffins', Grahams' and i\ evitts'. rs. Tweedale, Camp Commandant, and Miss Sutcliffe, Quartermaster, had been hard at work since 8 a. m. After dinner, a whist drive was held and the nurses were delighted tu have Lady Perrott amongst them; she kindly presented the prizes.
On undayeighty nurses attended 8 a. m. communion and, after bre<l.kfast, there v.'as room inspection and drill. r n the afternoon special tmms took the nurses to Fleetwood to the Drumhead Service there; :'Ilr. Duckworth, Deputy Mayor of Blackpool, and Re\·. Clarkson, Vicar of Fleetwood, g<l.\'e addresses and £12 W<l.S collected to end to the Ho_ pital at Jerusalem. The weather had been kind 0 far, but a strong wind and rain at the end of the service made the members fully appreciati\'c of the good fare pro\ ided at Ros all on their return for tea. In the c\'ening a concert was held.
On the Monday the training commenced. Sergeant gi\'ing lectures on Anti-Gas and Chemical \Varf<l.re,
Red Cross Societ) took part in a hurch Parade al .-\\1 Saints' Church, 1aidstone, on Sunday, July 12th.
An inspection was carried ou.l by Dame Beryl Oli\'er, D. B. E., R R. c., head of the V.A. D. Dept. of the British Red Cross Society, in Palace Avenue. he was accompanied by the Marchioness Camden, President of the Kent Branch, and Colonel C. P. Oliver, County Director.
The service at All Saints' Church was conducted by the Rev. A. O. Standen, Vicar of laidstone, who also preached the sermon.
After the service, the parade marched to the Old Palace, where Dame Beryl Oliver said that she wa much impressed by the result of her insp ect ion.
The Marchioness Camden sai d it gave her great pleasure to see all the Kent detachments represented on parade.
On behalf of the Kent Branch, Lady Camden made a prese ntation of a cheq ue motor rug-, dre sing gown and umbrella, to Dr. J. H. Voland, C.B.E., who has recently res igned from the position of County Director.
The parade was an im pressive and successful one, and the hope was expressed that it would become an annual eve nt.
Miss Brophy (London Diploma Dom. c.) taking cookery (camp, invalid and plain), and 1\1rs. Pitter-Bailey, Camp l\Iatron, and 1\1rs. \\'hite, Camp Sister, taking charge of the wards and theatre. Iany V.A.D. 's \\'ho had had training in Military Hospitals found the tuition given by Matron much more beneficial than any they had pre\'ioll 1)' recei\·ed.
The t1rst three days of camp were cold so that from 9 p.m. to 10 p.m. the sen'ices of 1\1rs. Be\'erley and :\liss Ca\'e as pianists for dancing were in great demand.
The sun shone brilliantly on \Vedne sday so (hat man,· look advantage of the private beach, and bathed or swam i;l the sea. This night was their long night when member could dine out and remain out until 11 p. m. if the" wished but quite two thirds dined in Camp, knowing a good when they had it. The food was exceptionally fast consisting of porridge, fish cakes, eggs, brown and white bread, home-made butter, marmalade, tea and coffee' lunch two courses; tea, whi.te and. brown bread and jam: scones, cake and fancles ; diOner, two courses; many members felt apologetic for their healthy appetites and said" I don't eat like thi'3 at home." No doubt the happy spirit which prevailed, due to 1\[rs. Tweedale's kindl innllence, also)lelped.
44 FIR S T A I D.
Thursday e\·ening there was a fanc), dress pa.·ade, when :\liss Faber, Lady County Ollicer, GIOllCl' lcr, as Fina, I' i rst Prioress of the Order of St. ]ohl1, 1180, alltll\Jrs. CaruthersLittle 8.S Thoma Dl1Cura, Grand Prior, 150+, builde.- of St. John's Gate, and :\frs. 1\1 urphy a 'ln old knight of the Order WOIl prizes. In the comical section were the Hi tn Kid, Jack and Jill, a Knight of the Bath, and a Sheik. Lady Di triet Officers l\liss :\la\\'by, Northampton, and \liss Masson, Prince of \Va'cs's, organised enterta.illl11cnts.
On Friday, Colonel Trimble took the Inspection in the morning, and the march past was taken, t\\'el\·e nurses formin er a choir to sing- the Brigade march as there ,,·as no band to provide music. In the afternoon there \\ ·c re examination,; in \.R.P., ;-\.R.P. II and A.R.P. I, 1\ l rs. Tweed'lle, l\lrs. Pitter Bailey and l\1iss Cuff being the eX'll1liners. In the e\·ening l\liss Carr examined thirty-fi\·e students in Cookery and to close a very strenuous day, three-legged, needlethreading, balloon and potato races \\·ere held. It ,,-as then announced that the various dishes prepared by the cooks for their examination were displayed in the dining--hall and might be tasted, so that there was a rush to take advantage of this; great praise was gi\·en to the cooks.
A cigarette case was presented to Sgt. ]\10[[at, bouquets to Mrs Tweedale and ;\lrs. Pittpr-Bailey, and chocolates to :\Iiss Brophy, small tokens tlf apprecia-tion to the splendid tutors of the Camp.
At the bre'lk-up. on Saturday, many expressed their intention of coming to Rossall next ye,=tr, 'lS they had enjoyed every minute of it and g"'l\·e in their names to the Commandant.
D eta il e d Mark ing Sh ee t , No. 48. TEA)'I TEST.
CARD OF Il\'STRUCTIONS.
You are on the platform of a Railway Terminus and see this man stagger and fall on to th e lines between two carriages. You note that in his fall h e slruck his head a buffer; that he is now lying, apparently unconscious, over to near rail; and that on h is right tem pIe he has a wound from which blood is flo\\"inR freely. Time limit 15 minutes.
NOTE FOR JUDGE.
Arrange tables and chairs to represent platform and too railway carriages. Paint wound on right temple and strap a piece of cork on right arm.
DETAILS OF TEST
Send No.5 for ambulance box and stretcher 2
Ask for carriage to be occupied and rear part of train backed away from patient 3
No. + jumps on to line and 'lpplies digital pressure to bleeding wound over clean pad 2
Then rapidly ties nand kerchief round head as temporary 3
Asks No. 2 to help in lifting patient by human stretcher method from line on to platform 5
EXA'\l1 ATION OF PATIENT.
Ask if he conscious (.No)
Lay patient on back with head on one side
Ask if bleeding arterial (Yes)
r\sk colour of face (Flushed)
Raise the head and shoulders slighLly
Undo clothing about neck, cllest and waisl
Send for doctor, first aid box and am bulance
Supply fre 11 air freely; keep back crowu
Keep patient warm, coats, etc.
Tlm \Ti\lENT OF \\ 'OUi'IJ)
Pad on pressure point for temporal artery
Iocline to wound and surrounding" skin
Dre sing and narrow bandage to hcad
E:--: \i\IIl\'E OTHER
A k ho\\· breathing ( Test pulse (Rapid)
If bleeding from cars, mouth, nose (. \ ',,)
[ ate pupil of eyes (J)'-lalt'd)
Ask if patiE'llt still UIlCOIl cious (J -,'s)
Smell rmtient's breath (ffcm:JI odour)
Examine head, trunk, limb fo[- injul-i('s
Ask if signs of bleeding- el-e (_\TO)
(Judge: - " Th ere IS a Fracture of Ilze a/J()7.'t' Elb07£I. ")
Do not rell1o\'e r'ltient' coat
(Note-In the right lower out ide pocket an I11pl) bottle is found with the follcH\"ing label on it " Tincture of l\larks for (j nd i ng- th is any ti me d u ri Ilg e'\:llll i nation of p'llient 'lnd for cOIllJl<lring _me ll of hreath and
of bottle 10 a food or stimulant while patient is unl'ollscil)L1s of Correct tre'ltment of Fr<lctured Right Humerus 10 Rel1lo\·e to \Vaiting Room amhulance X
(J at this a) s :-" Patt"nll 1111.\· rt:/fa."/It'd COllSCt"OllSIll'SS and becollles ,Iely delt"rt"olls. ")
Give emetic, alt or mustard 'lnd \\·'lter 3 Repeat emetic till patient \'oill its 3 Follow by hot coffee g-i\·en ill sip 2 l\ [ 'lrk for gener'll eOicienc)' nnd '>Ill'lrtne:-.s 6
Total 120
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46 FIRST
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Queries will be dealt with under the following rules:-
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3· - The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this column is the 38th (1928) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.
CO\IPOUl\'O FRACTURE OF CLA\'ICLE.
A. E. (;Iliddleton} - As instructor to the first aid class in our colliery, I have been asked to write you for details as to the correct method of treating a man who is suffering from Compound Fracture of Clavicle, bone slightly protruding.
,Vhen we take into consideration that there must he no pad in armpit and no bandage round elbow and trunk, as these would tend to cause extension, our difficulty hangs round the securing of the dressing over the wound. The whole question centres on the method of securing the dressing, since we cannot use the arm-sling to carry the point of the triangular bandage as used in the ordinary way to secure a dressing applied to the shoulder.
\\'e thank you for your ad"ice and your replies to our queries in FIRST Am, which are always a great help to us and to me in my special work as a class instructor.
If I had to render first aid to such a case, I would keep my patient r ecumbent with his upper limb comfortahly extended alongside his body, and remove him on stretcher in this position. Also I would keep the dressing in its place by means of a narrow bandage applied as described on p. p. 104-105 of the Textbook to hold an axillary pad. Of course I shou ld not apply this tightly; and, if my patient were a big and stout fellow, I might use the medium sized bandage, even though this (unfortunately 1) is no longer described in the Textbook.-N. CORBET FLETCllER.
EXAMINATION HOWLER.
D. S. (East L ondon)- In a recent examination for certific:ates the do ctor asked a candidate how h e ""ould treat a burst varicose vein. He was not pleased, however, when the candidate fearlessly By pressure on the femoral vein as for any othe1' bunt vein,l"
Good! ext, please! !-1 C. F,
TREATI'IIENT OF HANGJNG
B. (Coventry). - R ecent ly members of our class had a h eated discussion with reference to the treatment of a person found suspended by the neck as in hangingSome said they would not interfere because it is illegal to interfere in any way with such cases until the police have been summoned and taken charge. Others said
A I D .
that they would take instant action and release the victim.
Some of you seel11 to ha\"c forg-otten your Textbook. If you had looked ur the instruction und r " IIanging," you would have read: " Do 1LOI wat"t jor a pol/cell/all .''' In short, some of you are influenced by an old m),th which has survived too long. It is the duty of a good citizen to prevent crime; ami it is the privilege of an efllcient first aider to presen'e life. For these t\\"o rea ons, til rdore, you you should, in such an emergency, follow the intructions of the Textbook (p. 149) and postpone sending for the policeman until the patient has been safely relea ed from his perilous position !- N. C. F.
POISO:\I 'G 8\ L\·sOL.
P. M. (v\'ellington, w Z ea land). - I n a recent cOlllpetion the patient was upposed to be su frol11 some form of poisoning. The only clue \\'as a bOllle handed to each competitor who was a ked to nHIllC it content and to treat the patient accordingly. ome treated for Corrosive Acid and others for Corrosi\'e , \lkali Poisoning. As a fact the bottle conLFlined Lysol ; and \\'e hall be grateful if you will define the cia s of poison (acid or alkali) to which Lysol belong.
Lysol cannot be labelled" acid" or "alkali." \ the Textbook suggests on p. 17+ it to the same group of poisons as Carbolic .\cid which, by th \\ 'it) is only "feebly acid," and both poisons are coal-tar deri\"ati\'e Taken by the mouth, it gi\'es rise to signs and ),l11ptOI11 like those of Carbolic Acid poi 0ning ; and applied to the skin it burns, though Ihis burning eITecl may be pre\'cnted (and neutralised) by the immediate application of methylated spirit.- C. F.
CSES
OF COLLODIOj\,'.
P. B. (Lancaster). -A doctor a ked me why \\ e do not ue use Collodion for first aid purposes. So 1 no\\' ask you to explain to me the us es of Collodion and the r ea 011 why it is not mentioned in the Textb00k, more especially if it is really as u sef ul as the doctor tated. leanwhile accept my thanks in advance.
Collodion, if painted on the skin, rapidly drie s and covers it with a thin protecti\'e layer. Similarly, gauze soaked in Collodion may be used to hold a small dres ingin place. which it does when the overlapping edges of the gauze dry on the skew.
Collodion, however, is outside the scope of fir t aid, because it is a more or less pennam l1( and for this reason it is not named in the Textbook. - N.C.F.
FUNCTIONS OF BRAIN.
P.S. (Sydney, Australia}-The other day some of us were discussing the functions of the brain. As we cou ld not agree as to whether the cercbum or the cerebel l um controlled the subconscious mind, we decided to submit the point to you; and we await your ruling with inte r est, more especially as to the exact seat of " the soul. "
The soul is that part of man whicb th inks, fee ls, desires and so on; and it is supposed l y situated in the cerebum which as the Textbook tells us on p. 152 is « the seat of the intel lect, the emotions and the will." The cerebe llu m, h owever, is the great centre for co-ordination of musc ul ar move-
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This is an extract from one of hundreds of letters received by the SMAE Institute frc:m men .and women who ha\'e qualified as trained operators In Sv:edlsh l\Iassage and Joint lanipulation.
They have not only very considerably increase? .the:ir efficiency as of Nursing and AmI;>ulance 'C nits 111 First Aid but their expert knowledge for which they hold the Institute's Diploma has enabled them to ac ..:ept cases fr?m Doctors, Surgeons, Tursing Homes, Hospitals for which good fees are paid.
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A I D. 49
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ment and especially the harmon ius adju tment of those muscles which are concerned with keeoing the body erect and in a position of equilibrium - N.C.F.
DJ.4 G NOSIS OF ApOPLEXY.
)1. P. (Findley)- Why does the Textbook in its description of Apoplexy (p. 163) add what is to me a curious sentenceNo signs of iniury are necessarily present." Your kind explanation of this point ,vill be appreciated.
The sentence is to me in co mplet e since it refers to injury to the heRd Lecause the diagnosis of Apoplexy rests on the signs and symptoms of om pression of the Brain combined with the absence of history or e\ idence of injury to the head.- ' .C.F. -
HIS FIRST EXPERIENCE IN UNIFOR;\1.
D.S. (East London)-One of our junior members was on duty for the first time at a certain cinema. He was standing at the back of the stalls eagerlyawaitincr "a h case \\ hen he "'as passed by twO) oung ladies who had just left their seats and were approaching the exit. You may well imagine his feelings when he overheard this remark - " Look, iJfabel, Illere I'S tlz e n e w L C. C. regulation Unif01'lll 101' dne71la atte1ldants .I II
Good! Next, please! !-N. C. F.
FURTllER PLAINT OF
c.L.c. (Korlh Wal es)- In a competition the test given to Bearers os. 2 and 4- was :-Demonstrate the threehanded seat.
This was demonstrated according to the instructions set out in pages 186 and 187 of the Textbook, and for the purpose of supporting tIle pati e nt's left lower limb. The judge instructed the bearer on the pati e nt's left to grasp the right wrist of bearer on right with his left hand and leave his right hand free to support the patient's back. The judge then said to me (the Bearer on patient's right) "That is the three-handed seat isn't it?" I replied, "K 0, Sir, it is useJ to support eitLer of the lower limbs." He said, "But did not say where the injury was." As 1 am not aware that the threehanded seat is used in cases to support the patient's back, I shall be glad of your observations. understand that the three-handed seat is described in the B. R. C S. Manual TO 3, and I do not possess a copy. I trust that I have not taken up too much of your valuable time.
Your complaint is justified by the specific instructions of the Textbook which on p. 186 states that the three-handed seat is used "for carrying a patient or supporting either of his lower limbs." At the same time it could be used for the purpose stated by your judge.-N. C. F.
EUCALYPTUS IN THE TREATMENT OF WOUNDS.
M.N. (Derby).-For many years I have used a lotion, prepared by the addition of one teaspoonful of Tincture of Eucalyptus to one pint of \,varm boiled ,vater, for washing wounds. I have always had good results; but I ask the favour of your advice because a friend recently took me to task for not following the instructions of the Textbook.
Eucalyplus is powerfully antisept ic. lIence the explanation of your "good rc ult ." From the first aid standpoint, hO\\'ever, your friend is probably right whell he suggests that rou hould paint the wound with Iodin e and omit wa;;hing it, if only bec<1use the l ess the interference with a wound in an eillergenry the hClter for wound and patient.-N.C.F.
Ambu1ance from News Cuttings the Press.
T he Editor invites Readers to send newspaper cuttings on malter of general interest for inclusion in this column.
Rxr c'\l,;SES l\l.\:-\'s Dr·: \TII. lc<1kag-e in a ga pipe cau ed hy rats \\'a stated at Hull ) este rdRY to have be n r pon ible for he death of James Been"r. aged 55, a l11usum attendant, \\'ho was ekal1ing- an office when he \Va overcome.
A Ras inspector produ ced a length :Jf lead pipe in which there wa a I.lrge h ole, and stated that he h Old known of previou oc('urn?nCl'S of this kind. .\ \ erdiet of :lccidcntal death wa s returned. .<"'/.-dc/l.
BIRO's BODY C \l'SLS Buy's DE \1'11.
, \ suggestion that bir-c1 ("luSUj thc death of Cyril Engelbret on, agcd Court 'n, of \\'illlbl eclon, \\ ho was fOllnd dead in his bRth, was put f0f\\,<1rd )'cstncl'l)' at the illl] uest.
[t was stated that the exterior terminal of the fluc of the geyser had peri heel and fallen into the flue. There was also a dead bird in the flue which \\' a. choked. D eath wa from asphyxiation by inhaling carbon monoxide. i\ \'erdicl of accidental death was Express.
GIRL'S FIRE ORD E.\L.
Wh en l\lay Barnett (ag-ed t\\'cnty-three), of Brockle)" an assistant at a herbalist's shop in Camber\\'ell, (aug-hl her dress alight at Cln electric fire she rushed into the treel screaming, and in a few mom erts was a mass of flames.
Several people passing rushed to her aid, Ilung their coats around her and extinguished the flames. Br this time her dress had been practi ca lly burned ofT her and was lying smouldering on the pavelllt.
The girl, who was almost uncons c ious, was remo ve d to St. Giles's Hospital surrering from extensive bur,1s.-Daz'(y
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lNFLA1IA
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GENERAL NURSING BANDAGING FEVERS
GENERAL DISEASES ANAESTHETICS AND DISPENASPHYXIA SI, G INSENSIBILITY COOKING FOR THE SICK
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CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER
EDITORIAL :-
Fi r t Aid o n t h e R oa d s
Ext r acts fr o m th e 1a nu a l of Jn t ru c ti o n fo r th e
R oya l N ava l ic k B e rth S ta fT
Co lli e ry A mbul a n ce N e ws
S. J .A B. O ve r seas
J. A B. H eadquart e r s a nd Di s tri c t R e po rt s
Prio r y fo r W a les
Tho m as s ( A ].) {odifi ca tion o f th e Thoma s Kn ee
Splint
St ructura l Anatomy
Ra ilwa y Ambulan ce News
The Hospit a llers ' Club
Bri tish Red Cro ss So c iety
Notes on the Nursin g of W a r Gas Ca s es
Leg al As pec ts of Blood Tran s fu s ion
Am bulance News Cuttings from the Pr ess
O ur Nurs e s' Pages
Co ming Events
QU ERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS :-
Administration of Smelling Salts
Examination Howler
Modification of Schafer's Method
Humour in First Aid
Disrepute
WITH the approaching term inaFIRST AID tion ot Summer Time, road o TH E RO A D S patrol work will be finished again for another season. Each year witnesses increased activity in this sphere of first ai d work, also each year more money must be alloted to carr y out this task.
One can conservatively estimate that at weekends during the summer months, over 5,000 members are on dut y , read y for any emergency that ma y arise. Some are even available at all times during the night, especially where posts are manned in shifts.
Year after year this work goes on. Each year sees an increase in the number of cases dealt with each year the number of aid posts increase; each year the motoring public look upon this service as indispensable - and yet few think of the cost to which voluntary first aiders are put to keep the posts fully equipped and run efficiently.
We have on more than one occasion, urged that the motoring associations should take up this matter with their members. Let every member when renewing his yearly subscription, include an extra shilling or so for the first aid road fund, to be forwarded to the proper quarter by the Association. Just think how much would be obtained and how much less worry would rest on the shoulders of the officers in charge of the road aid posts, by this small subscription.
We feel sure that motorists would be quite w i lling to assist the carrying on of this most essential service, if they were informed of the exact under which the service is carried out. Let us hope the authorities concerned will get together and approach their members with concrete suggestions; and before next summer the roadside aid post service will be receiving the assistance they require and deserve,
UNIFORM f or all V.A.D. Detachments COMPLET E OUTFIT FOR B.R.C.S. MEMBERS Co ns istin g of Coa t, Cap, Dress, Apron Collar, Cambric Ca p, Sl ee ves , B e lt, f or £4 -1 -6 FOR ST. JOHN AM BULANCE SISTERS Co mpri s in g Coa t , Ha t Dress , Apr o n , Collar, Cu ffs, Belt, Glo ves , fo r £3-18-0 Nurses' Outfitti ng Associ ati on , Lt d " Carly l e B u ildin gSTOCKPOR T L ondon: Abbey H ouse W estmins t e S. V.!. L iver pool - 57, Rensh a w Stre et M anchester - - 36, King Stre e B irmi ngham - - 3, Ryder S reet Newcastle 26, N orthu mberlaDd St S outhampton - 135, Hi gh Str eet Gl a sgow - - Ill, Un ion Street ST. JO HN COAT Atnbulance tnade " RED CROSS APRON Write for new, fully illustrated catalogue and detailed price st _ Sent immediately without obligation Recruits Strength Th e d ietetic val u e of O xo IS rec o g n ised as being su p erior to R ea d il) digested and assimilated by the patient , it is qUIckly and easily prepared The Perfe c t Fluid Diet Loading and Unloading Simple by Using HURST " (PATENTED) BASED ON STRETCHER EQUIPMENT 20 YEARS EXPERIENCE. B o th St r etche rs are o f the Sliding Tray T y pe , Top St r e tcher Tr ay Mounted on O il Balance Gear No Sp ri n g s , Loc ks o r Mechan i cal Gadgets used Impossible to Drop or Ja r the Invalid. Unit Self-Contained . UNLOAD ING AN AM BULANCE T HE "HUR ST WAY. Send for Illustrated and Descriptive Leaflets. CHARLES HURST, LIMITED, Montgomery Street, Belfast. 'IUTAID CWlJe )nhepenb.enf Journal for tl)¢ 1\mbulanc:¢ 3!lur$ittg No . S07.-VOL. XLIII. SEP "T EMBER, 19 3 6. [ at ] PIUCE S tationers Hall [3/6 PER A N NUM, POST 'FREE
TO READER.S FIRST AID is published on the of each month The Annual Subscription is 3 5. 6 d post fTee; single copies 3 d • I ts aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance WOTk in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Re ports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes sug ge s ti ons for Practical Papers. All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at the add ress below, and should reach him before the 12th of each mon h, and mus
of
Treatment of Hysteria S3 S4 S6 S6 57 62 6 4 66 67 68 68 69 70 71 72 74 7 6 7 6 76 76 76 78 78 78
Iodine in
Treatment of Stings Sting
Horse-Fly
Extracts from the Manual of Instruction FOR THE Royal Naval Sick Berth Sta ff .*
(Cont/IlZled jrOl7l page Jj.)
The Stomach is a hollow organ situated at the left side of the upper part of the abdomen, under the diaphragm. It is roughly pear-shaped, the upper and larger end-called the Cal'dt'ac Endbeing to the left; and the smaller, or Pylort'c end, being to the right.
It is slightly curved on itself, so that the upper border is short and concave, while the lower is long and convex.
The c:esophagus opens on the upper surface near the cardiac end.
Food leaves the stomach at the pyloric end, passing through a valve called the Pylorus into the small intestines. The stomach wall consists of fou r coats :-
(1) An outer coat formed by the peritoneum.
(2) The muscular coat, in which the involuntary muscular fibres are arranged longitudinally, cir'2ularly, and diagonally.
(3) The submucous coat, which C'ontains the blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics.
(4) Iv! ucous membrane.
The mucous membrane is raised in to folds and presents a honeycomb appearance, due small depressions. Into these depressions open the ducts of the Peptic Glands, which secrete gastric juice.
Gastric Juice is a clear fluid with an acid, saltish taste. It contains a ferment called pepsin, and a little hydrochloric acid.
Pepsin has the power of converting the insoluble Proteins into a soluble form called Peptones. The Hydrochloric Acid prepares the Proteins for digestion and helps the ferment Pepsin. The food is kept constantly in motion by contraction of the muscular walls of the stomach. It becomes mi.xed with the gastric juice, and forms a mIlky fillld called Chyme, "hich after a few hours is forced through the pylorus into the small intestine.
The digestion of meat is to a large extent carried out in the stomach.
The Peritoneum is a membrane which lines the walls of abdominal cavity, and is reflected on to the various organs con rai ned therei n. It completely covers some of these organs, but only partial Iy covers others.
It is lubricated by a small amount of fluid, thus making a smooth surface [or the fr e movement of the intestines. The fold of the peritoneum that surrounds the small intestine i called the foJesentery, and the fold that envelops the stoma h and taIls from its lower horder like an apron is called the OmentullZ.
The Small Intestine is a tube about .2! feet in length, which begins at the pyloric end of the stomach, and ends by joining the large intestine at the Ileo-Caecal TTah ie.
It lies coiled up irregularly in the abdonlinal cavity and may be divided into three parts ;-
(1) The Dllodenum is the first part, and IS about 10 inches in length. After lavina the" stomach it curves round the head of pancreas. Into it open the Common BIle Duct and the Panc1'eahc Duct.
(2) The Jejunum is the second part, and measures about 8 feet in length.
(3) The Ileum is the last part. It measures 12 feet in length, and JOIns the large Intestine at the ileo-cGecal valve.
The Duodenum is fixed to the back of the abdomen, bu t the Jej unum and the IIeu mare loosely suspended by the fold of peritoneum called the Mesentery.
The general structure of the walls of the small intestine resembles that of the stomach. The mucous membrane is thrown into folds, which increase the area for digestion and absorption, and prevent the food passing along too quickly. The walls of the IntestInes contain small masses of lymphatic tissue ca.lled Peye1's Patcizes, also numerous glands whIch secrete a ferment called Succus Entericus. The inner surface is covered w i th min ute finger-I ike projections called Villz' whic.h are su ppl ied with blood and I phatlcs (called Lacteals) , by which certain foods are absorbed.
Jn the d uoden urn the chyme meets the secre?f three glands, the liver, pancreas, and the llltestInal glands .
The Liver is a large g landular o r gan which
lies on the right side of the upper part of the abdomen, just under the diaphragm. It measures about 10 inches in length 6 inches in breadth, and 3 inches in th ickness, and weighs 50 to 60 O'..l1lces.
The upper surface is arched to fit the concavilyof the diaphragm, while the lower surface is Aattened, and is in contact with the stomach and intestines It is divided into two lobes, of which the right is much the larger.
The liver is composed of cells collected into lobules, which are jU'3t visible to the naked eye.
The blood frolll the stomach, intestines and pleen, carrying llutriment, passes into the liver b,' the portal vei n. The liver is also Su ppl ied \\;ith blood by the hepatic artery. The blood lea\ ' e the liver by the hepatic vein.
Til E l..,'l :-\CTIO:-\ OF TIlE LIVER.
(a) To sccrete Btle. This is green ish yellow, alkaline fluid, with a ve:y bitter taste. It passes from the li\'cr along the hepatic duct, and some cnters the intestinc by the common hile duct, the remainder being stored in the aall bladder for future use.
The Cal! Bladder is the reservoir for bile. It is a pear-shaped bag about four inches in lenath, lying on the under surface of the liv r. The bile escape.s [rom the gall blaJder by the cystic duct, which joins the hepatic duct to form the common bile duct, which enter the duodenum. The action of bile is to emulsify fat; that is, to break up into minute droplets which can be absorbed. Bile is also an intestinal antiseptic and a natural purgative.
(b) To ,::,tore up Carbohydrates. j\lore carbohydrates are taken at a meal than are needed for immediate usc. These are brought to the liver as sugar by the portal vei n from the in testi nes, and are converted into a starch-like substance called GlycogeJl. This is stored in the liver until needed, when it is broken up into sugar again and tributed through the body.
(c) To prnduce Urea, the liver takes up waste products from the blood and converts them into urea, which is discharged back into the blood and eliminated by the kidneys in the urine.
The Pancreas, or Sweetbread, is a large gland which lies transversely behind the stomach. It has a rounded head, which fits into the concavity oE the duodenum, a body, and a tapering tail which runs to the left and ends at the spleen. It is about 7 inches in length, and weighs about 3 ozs. This gland has two functions :-
(a) It produces an internal secretion called Insulz'n, which is necessary for the absorption of sugar by the body
(b) It secretes a digestive fluid-the Pa1lC1'eatz'c Juz'ce-which leaves the pancreas by the Panc r eatic Duct, and enters the d u o -
denum. Pancreatic juice is a clear, alkaline Au id, and con tai ns three fermen ts, wh ich act on all forms of food These ferments are :-
(a) A my lop s z'n , which converts starch into sugar.
(b) T1'J'psz'n, which converts proteins into peptones.
(c) Steaps ';n, which emulsifies fats. The Intestinal Glands, which are scattered all over the small intestines, secrete a ferment called Succus Enten'cus, which acts upon the remaining u nd igested prOt:ei ns and carbohydrates, and prepares them for absorption.
Thus in the small intestine the chyme is acted upon by the bile, the pancreatic juice, and the succus entericus, and at the same time is slowly forced along the intestine by the contraction of its muscular coat. This muscular movement is called Pe? ta/sis.
During its passage through the small intestine, the digested, that is, the soluble portions of the chyme, are gradually absorbed by the lacteals in the villi, and the remaider (still very watery) is forced through the ileoccecal valve into the large intestine.
The Large Intestine is a very much wider tuhe than the smail intestine It is about 6 feet in length. It runs from the ileum to the anus, and is divided into three parts.
(1) The CceCZt17Z lies in the right lower part oE the abdomen. It is pouch-shaped, and about three inches in diameter.
Into it opens the ileum, through the ileoccecal valve.
Attached to the ccecum and opening into it is a narrow worm-like tube, about 2 inches long, called the Venmjonn Appelldzx.
(2) The Colon runs from the ccecum up the right side oE the abdomen, across the upper part to the left side, and then runs down into the pelvis. Consequently, it is said to consist of four parts :- The Ascending, The Transverse, The Descending, and The Pelvlc Colon. The last is sometimes called the Sz'gl7loid Colon, as it has an S shaped curve.
(3) The Rectum is the last part of the large intestine. It is from 6 to 8 inches in length. Its lower end is guarded by a circular muscle called a sphincter, and opens on the surface at the Anus.
Absorption of the products of digestion takes place during the passage oE food through the large intestine, especially the absorption of water. The remains of the food here becomes more solid, and in about 36 to +8 hours after being taken into the stomach are passed out through the anus as Fceces. The passing of fceces is ca l led Defcecation (To be cOlZtz';zued )
5+
F I RST AID.
*Reprinted by permission of the Controller of H.l\1. Stationery Office. Copies of the manual can be had of H M. Stationery Office, Adastral House, Kingsway, London, W. C. 2, or any branch, price 4/Sd. post free.
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Colli ery Ambul a nce Ne w s.
KENT COAL OWNERS' SHIELD.
The annual competition for the above shield was held last month when Tilmanstone, for the third time in six years, ,,,ere adjudged the winners.
Dr. T. J. Nichol (Corps Surgeon, DoverS J.A B.)judged the individual tests, and Dr. Hamerton (of Herne Bay) the team test. The latter dealt with a rugby player who had stumbled and struck his head on the goal post, fracturing his skull.
The result was announced by i\Ir. L. N. \-Vatts (Secretary, Kent Coal Owners' Association) as follows :-1, Tilmanstone, 2-+0 points; 2, Chislet (holders), 219; 3, Snowdown , 187; -+, Betteshanger, 176.
Mr. L. C. ElIson (i\Ianager, Snowdown Colliery) presented the trophy and medals, remarking that hewas always thankful a good many colliery workers gave up their spare time for ambulance work. There was no industry in which it was so necessary to have a large proportion of ambulance men.
CHALLENGE CUP.
Teams from ormanton and surrounding areas competed on Saturday, August 22nd, for the Normanton ChalJenge Cup.
Eight teams presen te d themselves before Dr. Inman (Normanton) and Dr. Smith (Middlestown) "vhose placings were :- 1, Altofts West Riding, 30-+ points; 2, Snydale, 250. The Rose Bowl for the best junior team was won by Park Hill, 10 .2. Mr. R. Beecher (AI tofts W.R.) was successful in winning the individual competition.
In the team test competitors had to deal with a man who had been knocked unconscious by a tall of stone in the IJit, sustaining bleeding from the right ear and severely crushed right shoulder, foot and ankle.
HOLLY BANK AND HILTON i\lAIN.
On Saturday, August 29th, the fourth annual competition was held in the Featherstone Council Schools.
The competition was divided into two classes-one for medallists (Challenge shield and gold medals) and the other for non-medallists (silver cup and silver medals with gold centres).
Mr. W. Sharratt (Chairman of the competition committee), who presided, announced that it was a remarkable fact that the non-medallist s had made the highest roints.
The results were :-Challenge Shield, 1st, "B" team (captain R. Jeffreys), 137 points; 2nd, " C" team, 132; 3rd, " D" team, 131. Silver Cup, 1st, " F" team (captain Cyril Bates), 142; 2nd, "J" team, 141 ; 3rd, "K" team, 137.
The trophies and medals were presented by Mrs. Sharratt.
Major Turner (Manager of the Colliery) said it was pleasing to find so many Hilton Main men connected with ambulance work. The actual number was 41 per cent. of the whole of the men employed; a record to be proud of.
Dr. McAinsh and lr. J. Payton, the examiners, were thanked for their services.
W hen you writ e to any of o ur A d ve rtis e r s kind ly menti o n F IR ST AI D It do sen't co st yo u an yth ing and it pleases the Adve rti se rs, and U s
S.J. A. B. Over seas. RHODESIA.
During June, examinations were carried out at Bulawayo (where the record number of 4 candidates sat) and also at Broken Hill.
At Que Que, an interesting competition was held during June, when four teams participated in a test staged by Sen;t. H. G. Cook Dr. C. W. \N<lrne of Gatooma, as isted Dr. J. D. Davey in judging- the c0ntest. The Rhodesian Railway team secured the highest number of point and each member of the team received a t. John silver spoon. A social function followed, at which the layor, Mr. C. Paul Allen. presided and presented award g-ained in recent examinations.
i\liss P. of the Bula\';a)'o 'u rsing Division, has been appoll1ted Hon. Secretary. Th e Bulawayo Ambulance Division has acquired a tent for accommodation at public duties.
Brig.-General J. J. Collyer, '. B., C.M.G., D has been appointed to act as Director of Ambulance and ommandery Commissioner during the absence, on lea, C', of Mr -\Ipheus F. Williams.
THING S SE E N
An archway of splints formed by colleagues at the wedding of two members of th e Colchester J .i\. B. The bride was liss Gladys E. \Vilson and the bridegroom !'IlL Harold William Lee, son of County Offi ce r II. W. Le
During the annual inspection of the Derwent Valley Corps, S.J.A. B., an ambulance man slipped and trained his knee. Colleagues attending him gave a practical demonstration to the visitors watching the inspection .
At a recent field day we noticed a S J.A. B. Divisional Surgeon was improperly dressed by wearing a tie of the Order of St. John whilst in uniform.
AND HEARD
" Ambulance men are like beer-some are better than others but there are no bad ones. "-Asst.-Commissioner H. C. Else, S. J .A. B.
" I am confident that next year the St. John Ambulance Brigade will pass the 100,000 mark in member hip,"-D r. N. Corbet Fletcher, Surgeon -in-Chief, S J.A. B.
" There are a lot of peop le only o u t to do things if they can get something by it, but it is not so with the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade "-The Mayor of Bournemouth (A ld H. G. Harris)
Does your colleague read FIRST AID, if not, send us his address and we will post him a copy.
St. Joh n Ambulance Brzgade
!leadquarters and Dz's t rz'ct R eports .
No. I ( Prince of Wal es's ) Di strict.
O\'er 200 men, nurses and cadets took part in the Southern Area Field Day. held on Saturday, September 5th. in the grounds of the Ruskin i'l1anor IIotel, Denmark Hill, by kincl pl rmlssion 0 f the IIotel Directors.
Capt. i\. C. \\'hlte Knox. Ch.B: (Asst. lommi ·sIOl1er). \\ as 111 ot opcratlOn , assIsted by District Officers eldInrd and 'mith and Corps upt. Wickens. A.H..P. Officer.
At a g"1\ l'11 moke homhs. representing t;a ,were Ii red at ,a r!CHlS p:l rt s () [ 1het;roulld and 5t retcher qua?s \"erc ordered tn don ga ma ks and proceed to the tance of the patients. Th se \"ere found to be suffenngfrom YariOll injl1r1es in aclditlon to being- effected .by gas. After attendIng' the injuric thc tretcher partIes conn YLeithc \'ictims to the ba e hospital. and from thence to decollt<lmlnatlJ1t; heLe. Hne the I1urc, under
the bearer party and accompanied the cortege from the house to the City of London Cemetery, where many officers and members of the Eastern Area Ambulance and :-\ursing Divisions joined the procession.
Among those present were Capt. W. Goodley, M.e. (Commissione r ); Di trict Officer Fitch; Corps Supt. T. \\ 'a lsby; SllptS. Ambler) Gray and Ginbey; Lady Supt. ),1 rs. Ogih'ie, 11rs. Sampson, 1\1rs. Woolford and l\11ss ),lcDowell.
The Autumn fir t aid class of the East Ham Division commences on Friday, October 2nd, at the Latham Road chools, 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. The lecturer will be Capt. F. E. Bendix (As t. Commissi.oner), the fee being 3/6. .-r:-he class is open to all Divisions who Dave any men awaltmg certificates. Particulars can be obtained from Supt. A. E. A. Ambler. 115, herrard Road, Forest Gate) E.7, or at the chool on the opening night.
Southern Area Field Day. [" First did" Photographs
Asst. Commissioner Capt. A. C. White Knox, M.C., M.B., with his Area Staff. A.R.P. Instructional Work in Operation.
Lady Di triet Officer Mi s Grindley, carried out 'advanced treatment and assisted in the resuscitation of the injured.
Altogether a very instructive time was spent in spite of the efforts of the weather to "wash out)) the parade.
Capt. White Knox expressed his satisfaction on the work carried out and gave the visitors some interesting information regarding the ga mask. Many took advantage of trying on the masks, especially the hotel residents, who were very interested in the proceedings.
This field day was the first of its kind to be held in the Southern Area, and it is hoped to make it an annual event.
EAST HAM DIVISION.- This Division has lost an enthusiastic worker by the death of Supt. A. Atkins, who retired from active service in 1933 after having completed 39 years in the Brigade
During his term of office the East Ham Division were successfu l in winning the "Dewar" Shield in 1899 and 1901 and were runners-up in 1897 and 1898
At the funera l service ambulance members formed
FAIRLOP.-A first aid class for men will commence on Wednesday, September 30th at 8 p.m in the Board Room, Kin o' George Ho pital, Ilford. Lecturer will be Dr. ] Ross; fee 5/ - inclusive. Full particulars from -1-3, Grosvenor Road, Ilford.
STAINEs.-On ALwust 29th, A t. Commissioner S. ]. Warren inspected the taines Division) Supt. E. J. W. Dexter -being in charge.
Squad drill under Amb Officer icholson and hand seat drill under Amb. Officer A. G. Rowe was carried out to the satisfaction of the inspecting officer.
Following the inspection ,the competition for the "Thomas Grimble' Cup was held The Assistant Commissioner judged the test, which dealt with a road accident in which a man had sustained a fractured thigh, with hGemorrhao·e.
No.2 team (Ptes. Eggleton, Carter, Bagge, Froud and S. Rogers) were adjudged the winners with S7 marks, followed by No 3 team) 53 marks, and No. 1 team 49. The inspectin o officer congratulated the Division on
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FI R S T Al U. 57 - -
it mart appearance and upt. Dexter on the splendid progress made. He again empha i ed the need for a S urs i ng Diyi ion in taines and appealed to the ladies to get in touch with the authorities 'with a view to startinoXur ing Diyision in Staines. 1\1r. \Varren complim e nted the Diyision on its up-to-date transport.
For a period of nearly four hours upt. Dexter and IX member of the taine Division applied artificial respiration to three men who were concerned in bathing accidents at Runnymede Pleasure Park on Sunday, Au g u t 30th.
They were successful 111 saying the Jives of two of the men, but the third died.
At the inqu e t the Coroner (1\lr. G. \\Tills-Taylor) spoke enthusia tically on the work done by upt. Dexter a nd his men, u ing uch expres ion as You and your men do an ex t remely "aluable \York" and" You must be proud to belono- to uch an organi ation."
The Catholic Church Parade , organised by Supt. J. E. Taylor, was held as arranged on Sunday, September 6th,
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Among those present was Lady Di trict Officer T\li Grindley, Lady Supt. Jiss Tucker, Sl1Pt. tanky amI upt. J. E. Taylor (members of the org-ani ing committee), Corps Officer Ansley, District ergt. -.l\lajor Elain and representatives from Brighton, Dard o rd, hatham, etc. Also present were non-Roman Catholic member \\ ho c pre ence "\va welcomed.
No. II. Di s t riet.
BOURNDIOUTII.-A new fir t aid tatioll, given hy the Bournemouth Corporation, was opened on Tue day afternoon, August 18th, by the .l\Iayor of Bournemouth (Alderman H. G. Harri )
The new tation, which replace one outworn and inadequate in size, is itl1ate on Bo c o mhe Promenade and presents a plea ing appearance.
Those present at the opening ceremony included the l\layoress, the Deputy ),layor (Alderman J. R. Edgccomh e ), Aldermen '0/. Jones and F. )'Iate, J.P., A t. County
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cllcouraged in thei r work by the knowledge they had the confidence and hacking of the Corporation.
DrocoT.-Fiyc tc.:ams competed for the "Didcot" Shield at the annual competition held on August 16th ..
The judge \\ere: Dr. . Dr. I.vor Ba1l1 and Dr. ]. R. D. 'vVehh, thel.r plac111gs be1l1g:. 1st 293 point" ; 2nd 'vVallJl1gford, 266; 3rd Dldcot (holder.), 26-1-.
The team test dealt v,: ith a man trapped 1l1sIde a burning house who, on heing re cl1cd, had. to be treated fur hurns. There \\ c.:re also two other patIents who had l."caped from the huilding:, one haying. a fractured a mI clayick, whil t the other a cut arm \\ Ith cyered rae\! a I a rter) .
No. IV . Di s trict L.\:\ ,\ HIRE.
CO[.;l: F - OI1 5a t urclay , Au g usl 22m!. Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, il1' hie i, in peeted lhe No. 1 Area
AID. 59
!hey had honoured him again by asking him to appear 111 o. 4 District as Surgeon-in-Chicf. He had been impressed by the work done and congratulated the members on their smart appearance. He also congratulated the ursing Divisions) but complained he had seen too many safety pins. He greatly admIred the Cadets.
Dr. Fletcher referred to the Brigade's Golden Jubilee to be celebrated next year, and was confident lhey would pass the 100)000 mark in theIr membershIp. He concluded his remarks with, "I do want to aga1l1 congratulate you most heartily I assure you my report to the Chief Commissioner will be) as it usually is, All's well in o. 1 Area of o. -I- District.'''
FLEETWOOD.-The Fleetwood Fish Merchants' Association Boy Cadet Shield Competition for o. 4 (Lancashire) District will be held on Toyember 22nd, or 28th. Full particular can he obtained from Amb. Officer J. P. Thomason , 80, 1Iilton Street, Fleetwood, Lancs.
LYTIT \:\L- early 5,000 people gathered rounei the
In peclion of No.1 Area, No. -+ (Lancashire) District.
About 100 men and women were on parade, under the co mma.nd of District Officer Smith (Southern Area), and e n arrival at the church formed a guard of honour for Col onel J. L. Sleeman (Chief Commissioner S.].A.B. Overseas).
The. address was given by Father Wm. Higgs (\V e stm111ster Cathedral), who referred to the Christ-like character of work of the members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. The Order to-day was undenominational and its members gave their services entirely v o luntarily:. It was questionable whether many realised or appreciated the great work of self-sacrifice for humanity they were engaged in.
Colonel Sleeman, accompanied by Father HIggs, 111specte d the parade and expressed pleasure at privile g e accorded to him of attending the functIOn. He conveyed greeting from their fellow members overseas, and expressed thanks to Father Higgs for his inspiring sermon.
Commissioner Major C. G. Morse, County Officer ),Iajor F. O. Chappell, Corps upt. Li e ut-Commander P. M. Filleul,
A Guard of Honour was formed by members of the South bourne and Calmore Nursing Divisions, who, under Mrs. Wilson, have been chiefly responsible for the work carried out at Boscombe.
The Mayor declared that the Corporation was extremely pleased to help, as far as possible, the selfsacrificing work of the Brigade. They were very grateful to them, but he hoped few people would have cause to use the hut.
Commander Filleul informed the Mayor that 855 cases were treated at the Bascombe hut last year and along the whole sea front over 3,000. He thanked the Corporation for their assistance.
Major Morse also expressed thanks on beha lf of the Brigade and referred to the new duty of air r aid precautions which the Brigade had u ndertaken They were
Fro\11 left to right: Oiv. Surgeon The Mayor of Colne cillor A. D. Bailey, Corps Surgeon BaIrd AItken, !vIr. J. H. Altl"en, Colonel Trimble, 1\1r. W. E. Duckworth, J.P., Dr. N. Fletcl;er (Surgeon-in- hief), Asst. COl11missiol1('rs Col. Redmond and 1aJor lackenzle, Lady District Supl. Irs. Tweedale, Asst. ,?ommissioner W. H. Gastall, Corps Surgeon Q Ull1n.
o. 4 (Lanca hire) Di trict. Twenty-seven Divisions were on parade, the personnel running into nearly one t housand.
The inspection took place at Alkineoats Park before a great crowd of pcctators.
Dr. Corbet Fletcher was accompanied by the Mayor (Councillor A. D. Bailey), Councillor E. DuckwoTth (President Wigan Division), Commissioner W. G. Col. C. J. Trimhle, Asst. Commissioners J. H MackenZIe and Dr. R. Clegg, Col. C. H. S. Redmond an.d DistTiot Officer W. H. Gastall, on his lengthy tour of l11SpectlOn, which was of a thorough and observant nature.
Following thc march past) at which he took the salute, Dr. Corbet Fletcher addressed the parade. He recalled that four years ago hc was invited to appear at Co1nc at his first Headq u arters Staff function.
main rin o at the Royal Lanca hire Show. at Squircs Gate, Blackpool) saw .a whIch wa takinr; part in the 5th Royal 111m kIllIng Guards 111U ical ride slip after jumping on to a hIgh table, and fall over on its rider.
The rider, Lance-CorpI. vVorkman, was carried out of the rilW by two mcmber of the St. John Ambulance and a soldier ana is suffering from a fracture of the leg. He was taken to the t .. J Ambulance Field Ho pita1, and later taken to the VIctorIa Ho pita!.
Lance-Corpl. Workham's hor e had to jump on to a table in the centre of the rin o .) but it slipped and dropped on to him.
A remarkable feature of the thrilling incident wa tlla,l until Lance-Corp!. vVorkham had been carried away,
58 FIR
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The Mayor of Bournemouth declaring open the New Seaside First Aid Station of the Bournemouth Corps at Church of the Sacred Heart, Horseferry Road, 'vVestminster.
Corps Secretary A. J. Cuff, Lady Corps Officer Miss Aish, and many officers of the Ambulance amI Nursing Divisions.
thc hor e remained motionless on the ground, its feet in the air.
• was "raided" by enemy 'plane whIch dropped gas bombs, on aturday, eptember .)th, by specIal ar.rang-ement with the Brigade, and even the contInual ram throuo hout the afternoon did not entIrely rob the of g-a defence, given by members of the LI\'erpool Corp, of its air of reality.
was a large proportion of the younger generatIon among who stayed to \\'itness the attack, al:d they were thnlled when a de patch rider arrived "":th a me age that enemy 'plancs were approachin o' LI\'erpool. And then) add a touch of reality, a roared through thc raIn from Speke. Air raid squads ordered to tand to, and almo t before the last respIrator had been. donned the sound of bur tino bombs was heard. t>
Thick pungent smoke rose from the ground where the bombs had struck) and there arose the alarm of a
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OUTIIPORT.-The motor ambulance which lhe Southporl havc lor hospital transport work is now bell1g rep.alI1lcd 111 the Brio ade lour) and i expected to be In service hy eptember 21 l.
A farewell pre entation was made to Corps Supl. Holt, of the outhport Corp) who i leaving" the DI \,ery. shortly for the South. T\1r. lIoll ha been .wlth the Corps for over 20 years.
1 he gIft \vas a combll1cd Inkstand, tobacco rack, and pcrpetl1al 11rs. Ilolt recei\'ed half a tea ct.
The Pres1dent of the 1Iajor 11. .I. Egan, Chief Constable of outhport, l"Cccl\ ed his badge oi office.
No. V. District.
\\ "ORTLEY.-For the 19th tlece si\ crear the Armley and \\ ' ortley Di\'i ion erected fir t aid tation' f?r the penod of the Armlcy Fea t. The talion conSl ted of two huts, one equipped for anv emL:r"ellcr ' md the other as a taff room. - '
Armley and Wortley Division.
One Relay of Members on Duty at the Armley Feast.
Seated from l eft: Secretary Sgt. A. E. Fergusson, Div. Supt. E. D. Amb. Officer W. E. Pemment, Corpl.f A. G u thrie. Glover, sire.n. throuo-h the smoke the men guided the fleell1g Clvlhans to shelter) one man leadin o' the line while another brought up the rear. With shriekino- the a mbulance the gas belt-its attendants Itke some of the future ages in their masks-to the pomt of ongll1, from whence stretcher cases were to the first aid dressing station and the deco.ntamll1atlOn centres.. J\n interesting display, well carned out, despIte the chmatlc conditions.
There were nearly 500. men on parade) the occasion the Annual InspectIOn of the Liverpool Corps whIch held ,at. the ground of the West Algburth Road. The members of the ursmg PI.vlslOns went to the Tramway Road Barracks for theIr lI1spection.
Inspecting Officer was the Commissioner for the DIstrIct, Mr. W G. Smith, O.B.E , who was accompanied hy J\lderman Maxwell, of the Liverpool Watch CommIttee.
Forly members of the Division, working in relays In night and day, and during the bus; per.lOds from Leeds Corps assisted. Fifty-six patIents Iecerved attentIOn) four being sent to doctors and one to Leeds Infirmary.
Div Supt. E: D. Glover was responsible for the arrangements! assIsted by Amb . Officer W. E. Pemment were In capable hands of Secretary-Sergt A: by Pte. Baker. The Orderly duties were enthUSIastically carried 'out by A. Hud on whi lst thafnks h are due to W. Mouncey, who attended' to the re res. ment needs of those on duty. plY. Surgeon Dr. J. E. Rusby, M.C., inspected the expressed his approval and satisfaction at t e arrangements made) also the efficiency of the staff
200 members and friends of t h e Hanley DIVISion .rarl in an outing to New Brighto n. A l arge number VISited the Museum of Anatomy n
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Liverpool, which had been opened by special arrangements, and others vi ited the Cathedral.
llPt. J. Layland was responsible for the arrangements.
IIERDEK.-Ahoul ..j.0 memhers of the Hebden Bridge Corps paraded under Corp. upt. H. aylor for the inspection carried out by Dr. W. N. West-\Vatson (Asst. Commis ioner) and District Officer Capt. 1. Allen.
CouncIllor R. Raw on, J.P. (Chairman, Hebden Rridg c u.c.), and ouncillor J. W. Cockcroft (President, IIehden Bridge urps) were among- the interested "pectator \\ ho \\'itne sed stretcher and squad drill, hanclaging, ctc.
Dr. \\ ' est-\\Oat on complimented the memhers on their martne sand (.!fficienc), and descrihed the orp as one of the martest ill the area.
Di\. Supt. \\ r. Jackson and Lady Diy. upt. Mrs. stin \\ erL among the ufficers pre ent.
LOliTJI.-Dr. 1L C. Lavin inspected the Louth Di\'i ion let t month on the i-Sonk" Dyke playing fields. Owing to ill-health Paling was unahle to be present so the parade \\<ts under 'upt. Paddison, of C1eethorpes. The in "pecting officer referred to motor traffic in the ell tricl and to the record of thc Di\"i ion, which had treated 265 during the fir"l ix months of thi year.
The :'IIayorl' s prccnted the follOWing' awards: ilver Cup, ginn by :JIr. and )'Ir Bell, to ergt. C. Cummings, for tht: second year; runner-up Pte. . Dennis. who receind a ilwr medal. the gift of Diy. urgeon Thomson. il\'Cr Cup, gi\"Cll hy the 11ayor and ),Iayoress, to enior Cadet J. Curtis, and a prize, fr0111 Supt. Paling, tl) adct C. Chappell a runl1er-up.
ertiIicates \\ ere al 0 presented to numerous member.
:\"E\\'.\RK.-The annual in peclion of the Newark Di\'ision \\tl carried out by District Officer P. 11uschamp on unda)", ugust 30th. Supt. Geo. Reed was in charge of the parade.
Those present included A t. Commi ioner A. B. C;ilJ Oil, and 1Ii Gibson) District Officer G. Il3.rdy, Ald. B. J. lIm\ ard, Dr. E. Ringro e, J.P., the Chief Constable (:\fr.H. Barnes), and a good numher of spectators. Demonstrations of hand seats, handag'ing, tretcher elrill and air raid precaution work \Va carried out.
!hc in "pecling officer and the A tant CommiSSIOner both complimentcd the members on the excellence of their work and their smart turn out.
TnuRcRoFT.-The annual oompetition for the W Collier" Challengc Cup, organised by the Thurcroft Divisi?n, was held on aturday, August 29th. teams competed, the result being: 1st Dll1nll1gton Main Colliery, 177 points; 2nd ew Stubbin Colliery, 171; 3rd Ponteiract Colliery, 171.
No. VIII. (Duke of Connaught's) OiStr-1Ct.
TUNBRIDGE WELLs.-On Wednesday, August 26th, an enjoyable and successful social vvas held at Headquarte r s, Transpo r t Serot. H. Latter acting as M.e.
A miniature whist drive) with upt. Billenness as M.C., a b u n-eating race) and other games were indulged ll1 The evening concluded with a dance to the music of a ra liogram Major W. H R. Nob l e) Asst. Commissioner) car r ied o u t the ann ua l inspection of the Tunbridge We ll Divisio n
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on Wednesday, September 2nd. Supt. Billenness was 111 charge of the parade.
The inspecting officer) who was accompanied by District Officer Hancox, watched demonstrations of stretcher and hand-seat drill and expressed his satisfaction with all he had seen.
WORTIIING.-Asst. Commissioner D. Bryce carried out an inspection of the Worthing- Division on August 16th. Supt. L. C. Butcher was in charge, assisted by Amb. Officers H. R. Child and A. E. Payne.
After drill) etc.) had been performed the inspectingofficer said the Division always did their work efficiently, and he complimented them on the splendid work they did at the recent Royal Counties Ao-ricultural how. )'1r. Bryce) on behalf of the Divi ion, presented the following awards:
" Edith Vigar Jl Cup, for regular and faithful service, Pte. C. E. ),Iiles; " John Robert" Cup, ambulance, transport and first aid) Pte. E. Harber; "Henry Russell" Cup, for first aid and general efficiency, Corpl. Yirgoe. An interesting presentation was that of a silver table centre to Pte. L. Best on the occasion of his marriage. T\Irs. Best was present to share in the congratulations offered to her husband Supt. Butcher announced that the recent Flag Day collection amounted to £15..j. 14s. Id., which, he said, was very good considering there was a shortage of helpers.
Northern Ireland ( Ulster ) District.
It is 'with very deep regret we haye to record the death of the Honourable Lady Kennedy, the devoted wife of ir Robert Kennedy, K.C.1\1.G.-Director-in-Chief of the Ulster Joint Committee and President of the S.].A.B. The call came to Lady Kennedy with dramatic suddenness: a eyere heart attack, and three days later she had passed on. One shrinks from trying to estimate the loss that will be felt in the home she has just left. A loving and devoted wife-not only assisting her revered and respected husband in the multifarious duties attached to the exalted position occupied by him, but carrying out with a sweetness and charm peculiarly her own the manifold duties attached to the various positions in the many Societies with which she was connected Lady Kennedy, who \vas a Dame of Grace of the Order of St. John, was President and Chairman of the Belfast Girls' Help Society, Chairman of the 1aternity Home, Chairman of the Ladies' \Vork Depot, President of the Church of Ireland Rescue League and President of the Holywood District ursing Society.
On Sunday, August 23rd, a memorial service was held at Glencraig' Parish Church Representatives of the various organisations and leading Belfast people were present, paying a graceful but pathetic compliment to one who was beloved by all \vho knew her The sympathy of the entire community has gone out to Sir Robert Kennedy and his family in their O'reat sorrow. We regret to learn tha t i r Robert has been confined to his room for some weeks.
N o r them Ireland ha suffered a further loss by the death of Mr. Gordon Ewart Mr. Ewart was for many yea r s t h e Secretary of the St. John Ambulance Association and a Joint Secrerary of the Ulster Joint Committee. Unfortunately, owing to failing health) he was obliged to rcsign both positions.
U r. A. W Mann, ecretary of the S·lA.A. and B., has bee n appointed a memher of the Committce to act in an adviso r y capacity to the Uinistry in orthern Ireland on A i r Ra id P r ecautions.
60
FIRST
6 1
FIR S T
Williams (L1andudno J unction) were the iudges; and the following marks awarded :-
Przory for Wales.
The past month has witnessed a most desirable addition to Brigade activities t;Yithin the Priory for Wales by the innovation of Cadet camps. The \ve1come nen's that a grant of £250 had been allocated to the Priory for Wales for the purchase of camp equipment was not received until fairly late in the year; but no time \-,'as lost in announcing the camp arrangements and although the Cadets had had little time in which to sa\'e their contributions to the camp ex.penses the fullest possible advantage was taken of tIle facilities available.
The loan of the Glamorgan T. A. A. Hutments on an ideal site at Barry Island ensured protection from possi blr bad weather; and camp beds with mattresses proved so comfortable tIlat there was no regret on the part of the Cadets that they were not under canvas. It so happened that the period of the camps was favoured with the best weather of the season, which added to the general enjoyment. Arrangements n 'e re made for the Girl Cadets to take the first week, August 8th to 15th; and roughly 300 boys camped for one week each on the three subsequent weeks - the camp finally closing on Saturday, September 5.
The Priory was fortunate in being able to depend Qn two such capable Officers as Lady County Supt. 1\1rs. 1\1. Pas kin and Lady County Officer Mrs. M. Ingledew, who took charge from the 8th to the 15th as Commandant and Assistant Commandant respectively. A high standard of discipline was maintained and apart from an excellent holiday the instru ct ional side was well catered for. The following is a general idea of the daily programme:PhYSical drill 7.45 a.m., breakfast 8.0 a.m., orderly work and bedmaking 8 .f5 a.m" inspection 10.0 a.m., first aid revision 10.20 a.m., break 11.0 a.m., lecture 11.15 a.m., lunch 12.45 p.m., matron (dressings etc.) 1.30 p.m., rest 1.45 p.m., rambles or bathing 3.0 p.m., tea 5.30 p.m., sing-song 6.0 p.m., roll call and prayers 8.55 p.m., supper 9.0 p.m., bed 9.15 p.m., silence 9.45 p.m. The lectures included some extremely interesting talks from Miss E. C. Thomas, district health visitor, Barry; 1\1r. 10rgan, swimming instructor, Cold Knap Bathing Pool; Mr. F. Matthews, Captain of the Barry Fire Brigade; Ir. R. W. Hall, veterinary surgeon; the lisses E. and]. Vachel! (nature study) and Miss !\. Fletcher (folk dancing). In every case the lecturers were particularly pleased with the intel1igent response.
A similar programme was followed in the three camps for Boy Cadets, the first two of which were in the capable charge of Corps Officer]. J. Hughes, assisted by Corps Officer W. J. Walters; and the firm but kindly manner in which the Commandant controlled the hays won for him the title of "father of the camp." Popular events in each of the ambulance camps were visits to the Docks and life sa.vin!S demonstrations given by members of the Barry" and Dlstnct Corps; and, by arrangements kindly made by Asst. Commissioner F. R. Hortop and the Officers of the Barr) Corps, the Cadets attended a Church Parade on each Sunday morning to the Wesleyan Chapel, where Corps Supt. C. Lennox afterwards explained to the boys a mural the services rendered by the Brigade 111 that buIldIng whtle used as a hospital during the Great War. The subject of air raid precautions was introduced to the older Cadets, who showed keen interest in lectures kindly given by Corps Secretary E. VV. Sanderson.
The final week's camp was in charge of COlJnty Officer A. Blandford, D.C.l\1., M.M., who proved himself an able
Commandant, winning the esteem and affection of ofllcers and Cadets.
The one question asked all round \Va whdher the camps could be regarded as annual e\'ents; and the Priory will consider no eITort too much to make annual cadet camps a regular part of Brigade activities.
COllIPETITlONS AT WELSH 1 ATIONAL GATHERINGS.
At the Royal Welsh .\gricultural Show held at \berg Ie, ambulance competitions, which were organised as usual by the Priory for 'Vales, whose Principal Secretary, the lIon. John H. Bruce, was appointed Honorary Director of :\mbulance, figured in the attractions of the second day; and there were good entries for the Silver Chall nge Cup and hield for teams of men and woman respectively in "'ale and Monmouthshire in possesion of recogni ed certificate. The lonmouthshire Police Team was successful in winning the former, while the Cup was \\'on by the Rh) I team. The Llandudno Cadet Team secured the" \rnallt Jones" Shield in a competition for St. John Cadet Team. The ambulance arrangements were organised by the Priory, and the duties were carried out to the expressed atisfaction of all concerned by St. J ahn and B. R. C.S. personn e l in charge of Di\·. Supt. G. St. John Day. Over 70 treatment · were recorded.
Acting in a similar capacity on behalf of the Ro) al National Eisteddfod Committee, the Principal 'ecr tary \\'a responsible also for the Ambulance CompetitIons and provisions during Eisteddfod we e k at Fi hguard. The competitions, for which there were record ent ries, occupied two d:l)'s and resulted as under :-
" Lady Lewis" Cup, op n contest tor male teams, won by Breconshire Police.
" Lady Bute" Cup, open contest for female team, won by Llanelly S.J.A. n. team.
" lsca" Shield, open contest for junior male, won by Ogmore Vale Cadets, S.J.A. B.
" Trevethin" Shield for male teams in vVales and M onmouthire, Trel1arris, S.}. A. B.
" Silurian" Shield tor female teams in "Vales and Monmouthshire, Kenfig Hill.
" Gwent" Shield for junior female teams in Wales and Ionmouthshire, Llanelly.
"Elliott Alves" Cu p for teams in Pem brokeshire Constabulary, eyland.
First Aid contest for female teams in possession of First Aid Certificates, Narberth No. 1.
The Assistant Commissioner, Captain A. T. N. EYans, organised the ambulance duties, which were carried out efficiently by members of St. John Divisions and Classes in co-operation with B. R. C. S. personnel.
AMBULANCE WORK IN CAERNAR\'ONSIJIRE.
The increased interest taken in ambu lance work in Caernarvonshire, as well as the keenness those who are eng-aged in it, was demonstrated on Saturday, August 29th, when eleven teams competed for a silver cup, the R ift of Lord Penrhyn, the newly-elected President of the Caernarvonshire Centre_ By permission of the Commissioner, Sir Michael Assheton-Smith, Bart., the teams met amidst the beautiful surroundings of Vaynol Park.
In addition to the team work, carried out in the open, there were individual and oral tests, conducted in two separate marquees. Captain H. W. E. Dicky, R.A.M.C. (Pwllheli), Dr, Morris Williams (Harlech), and D r Mostyn
The leader of the winning- team is Constable J. 1\1. Jones ( aernarvon), who recei\-ed the Cup at the hands of Lady Penrhyn.
The acti\'ities of the variou bodie a ociated with the Priory for \Val s were referred to by the H n. J Ohll II. who al n ad\'ised the Caernan'on hire teams to apply lhelllse h'es to the queslion of dealing- with g-as poison. North \\ ales was r mote and on that account did
A J O 63
MEMORIAL TO AMBULANCE PIONEER
A stained glass window in memory of Dr. Sylvanus Glanville Morris, M. D., J. P., formerly of Maerdy, a Knight of Grace of the Order of t. J ol1n, and one of the pioneers of the ambulance movement in the Rhondda, was unveiled and dedicated at Llangunnor Parish Church on Sunday, August 16th.
Dr. lorris, who was a native of died in ;\larch, 1932, and was buried in Llangunnor Churchyard.
The unveiling ceremony was performed in the presence of a large by the widow, after which the Rural Dean of L1angadock, the Rev. J obn Titus (a nephew of the late Dr. Morris), dedicated the window. The sen'ice was conducted by the vicar of Llangunnor, the Rev. James Jenkins, the lessons being read by Captain Taliesin E. Richards, J. P., Commissioner of the Rhondda.
The Brigade was represented at the service by Commissioner E. D. Jones, Llanelly; Assistant Commissioner Dr. Sidney Williams, Llanelly Mr. R. Wilson Bartlett, Chaimlan, lonmouthshire Centre; Staff Officer T. J. Williams, Llanelly; Corrs Supt. \V. Scourfield, Cross Hands; Lady Corp Supt. l\liss Etty Rees, Llanelly; together
not need to show as much hurry as some other areas, there oug ht to be established a personnel to inform the public of what was happening, and, in the event of a threat of air raids, to allay the nervousness which mu t naturally follow. He also suggested that with the excellent material which was at hand, steps should be taken to form further Units of the Brigade in North Wales.
Continuing, the Commissioner for \Vales expressed appreciation of the service of Mr. J. E. Greaves, who owing to failing eyesight had been obliged to resign the office of president for Caernarvonshire, which Lord Penrhyn had consented to accept. He also paid a tribute tD the personal interest taken in the movement by Sir Michael Assheton-Smith as County Commissioner, and expressed his gratification that the Chief Constable (1\1r. Edward Williams), had agreed to act as chairman of the Central Committee.
Reporting upon the work in the County, Sir l\Iichael Ass heton-Sl11ith said that Juring 1935, the first aid instruction classes were attended by 480 person of whom .f32 secured awards. He felt extremely proud of the keen interest taken in the work by the quarrymen, ,,-ho, by reason of their occupation, realised only too well the value of first aid training. He hoped that the competition would become an annual event in Vaynol Park.
with other officers of the Llanelly Nursing Division and members of the Cross Hands Ambulance Di\'ision.
The design of the stained glass window, which includes the badge of the Order, is by 1\1r. J. Webb, of Grinstead, ussex, and the parable of '( The Good Samaritan" is beautifully portrayed.
COMPETITION AT l'\ELso
OPEN
The Nelson Division has organised competitions for teams of men and cadets for the "Gronow" Cup and (( Captain Richards" Shield respectively, to take place at the Social Centre Hall, elson, on Saturday, October 3rd. Ionetary prizes are awarded to the first three teams. Entries accompanied with a remittance of 5/- per adult team and 2/ 6d. per Cadet team must be received by the Secretary, Mr. S. Hughes, 32, High-street, Nelson, by October 1st.
The !\layor and l\Iayoress of Romsey, Hant, MajorGeneral Sir Richard Luce and Lady Luce, gave fir t aid to an injured motorist when an accident happened outside their home in Winchester Road, Romsey. Sir Richard Luce is controller of the V.A. D in Hants, and was Director of Medical Services, Egyptian Expeditionary Force.
62 FIR S T A I D .
lndlvidual Team Work. Work. Total. Caernarvon Division Police 139 Banf:;or L.l\l. S. Eng. D ep t. 151 135 286 Conway Di\ ision Police H5 133 278 Pwllheii Division Police 13.f 128 262 Conway St. John's 111 129 240 Llanduduo t. John's 138 92 230 Bethel Y.1\[' C. A. 81 Cyntl (Deiniol n) 106 61 167 'ae rnarvon Amateurs 100§ 61 Llallrug .\ CJ6 6.f 11S0
B 60
L1anrug
----. -
J. Tholnas's Modification of the Thomas Knee Splint.""
By JOHN C. STOREY, O.B.E., M. n., Ch.,,)L(Sydney), F.R.C.S.(B:nglanJ), F .R .A .C. ::.'. AND A. J. THO;\lAS, Sllperintendent, Sydney lJful1icipal Council Div isioll, St. j ohn .4 mbuhmce Brigade
(Concluded !1'om page 4- J ).
In Figure 14 an ordinary triangular bandage is folded into a "narrow bandage." The narrow bandage is placed in the hollow of the sole of the
the instep below the short end, which becomes one cord of traction.
In Fig. 16 the long end is taken round the
simple procedure, but the method must he learned. The writers know of no other knot which will serve the purpose efficiently. It is important to use a "narrow bandage" which lies evenly and snugly and is not apt, like an ordinary piece of FI , . it).
2. The great benefit of this splint in the first aid treatment of injuries has been emphasised.
3. The writers are confident that if every patient suffering from a fracture of the femur Kere treated in the manner described, the surgeon would find his charge in good general condition, with the fragments in good line and length.
4. The patien ts would be spared much unnecessary suffering, and the final results would be better than hitherto.
5. To those surgeons who desire to treat patients by H. O. Thomas's method, the possession of A. J. Thomas's complete outfit is commended.
6. The modified Thomas knee splint and the kit would be especially useful to the medical services of the navy and army.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
back of the heel of the boot and looped h rou ah from below; to loop it from above is a common error.
In Figure 17 both ends are pull e d downwards;
roller bandage. to cause pressure on a particular point. It will be noticed that it is impossible to compr s the posterior tibial artery with a bottle knot, which may be left in position over the boot for man y hour.
II U::-'IE OF I· IR T AID.
boot, with one-third on the outer side and twothirds on the inner side. Both ends are brought up alongside the leg.
In Figure 15 the long end is brought across
the knot is applied to the foot over the boot or shoe.
In Figure 18, while continuous traction is maintained on both ends of the bottle knot, the Thomas splint is applied. One end is brought under the side bar and one end over the other side bar. The ends are tied firmly in a reef knot in the U-slot provided in the end of the splint.
When the A. J. Thomas splint is used, the ends of both bandages may be taken either under or over thei r corresponding side bar and tied to the dJuble hook.
The application of the bottle knot is then a
1. Every per son who suffers from a fracture o f th e thigh or of the leg down to the lower third, o r a severe injury of the lower limb, excluding those of the ankle and such wounds as are high enough in the region of the hip and of such a nature as to render the application of the upper ring impracticable, should have the described s plint applied where he has fallen.
o attempt should be made to move the patient one inch until the injured limb has been fixed and placed in a position of rest.
2. Every ambulance wagon should carry a ca nvas bag with the full equipment.
3. The personnel of each wagon must be trained in the use of the splint. Any ambulance man can learn its use in an hour, but periodic supervised practice is necessary.
4. Every hospital should keep an exchange kit in the casualty room. \Vhen the patient is brought to the hospital the limb is left undisturbed and the patient is put to bed un til seen by the responsible surgeon, who will usually find the limb in a good position.
The ambulance will hand over any part of the kit not used and collect a complete similar kit from the hospital. Unless this provision is made the value of efficient first aid is utterly lost.
SUMMARY.
1. A modification of the design of Hugh Owen Thomas's knee splint has been described.
The writers desire to thank M r. Musto for taking the photographs of Figures 1 to 13, and Woodward-Smith for the photographs illustrati ng the bottle knot, and the competition team of the S :" dney Municipal Council Division of the St. John Am bulance Brigade Overseas.
ADDENDA.
The following report has been received from the Medical Secretary of the New South \Vales Branch of the British Medical Association :-
In considering the merits of the modified Thomas splint as submitted for examination by Mr. Thomas, the sub-committee was guided by the following considerations.
A splint of this type should be (a) readily adaptable to patients of various sizes; (b) furnished for continuous extension during transport; (c) portable; (d) easily assembled; (e) of simple construction and capable of manufacture from standard materials; (f) relatively inexpensive; (g) interchangeable with similar splints at hospitals to avoid the need of removal in casualty room' (h) of such a type as to allow of routine use in wards, if desired.
A brief description of the splint will show that it conforms to these requirements.
It is composed of four essential parts :-(i) A distal portion, representing the part of the splint distal to the knee. This portion is threaded at its proximal ends, which have also a projecting to fit in a slot on the proximal portion. A small windlass attached to the distal end of this portion operates on a sliding cross bar by Bowden wire and is checked by a ratchet and pawl. Extension is maintained through this apparatus when the foot is attached to the cross bar. (ii) (iii) and (iv) Proximal portions of three sizes for large ad ults, medium-sized adults, and children, all of which portions fit the distal portion and are connected to'" it by a thimble screwed on the threaded ends.
64 FIR S T A.
FIG. 14.
FIG. t 5.
AID.
* Reprinted from the M edical Jounlal of .4 usLmlz'a.
FIG. 16.
FIG. 17.
FIR S T
65
A 10.
The posterior half of the" ring" on each proximal portion is made of iron curved on the flat and is exceedin g ly well padded. The anterior portion o£ the ring is completed by a stout strap and buckle attached to the ends of the posterior portion. The curve of the iron may be readily altered so that one or the other of the proximal portion will accurately fit limbs of any size and provide counter-extension against the tuberischii. To ensure still further that the splint fits the thigh accurately, a leathered-covered wedge is provided. Slings of basil, aluminium gutter splints and large paper clips are useful accessories.
After witnessing the demonstration of assem bl y and application of this splint, we are satisfied that it conforms to the above requirements and we recommend that the Hospitals Commission be urged to m a ke it part o f the standard equipment of every casualty room. Vve also recommend that a similar sug g estion be made to the various ambulance services, as it is onl y by co-ope r ation between the ambulances and the hospitals that such a splint will attain its ma x imum usefulness.
One obvious ad v anta g e of the universal use of this splint would be the facilit y with which an ambulance could regain its full equipment by leaving the splint on the patient and exchanging the remaining portion of the splint for the complete kit belonging to the hospital to which t he patient was tran s ported.
To assure better wear at the junction, the thre a d and thumb-nut have been replaced by a ba y onet lock. The half-head should be put into positi o n for right or left limb before assembly. Any narrowing o r widening of the half-circle should be made after a s sembly.
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Str u ctura l An a toln y
IN the construction of the human body it would appear essential to provide some solid texture capable of forming a framework for the support and attachment of the soft parts and of forming cavities for the protection of the vital organs. That structure is provided by the various bones of tJ.e body which form what is known as the skeleton. BONE.
Bone is one of the hardest structures of the animal body, possessing a certain degree of tou g hness and eiasticity. In its fresh state it is of a pinkish white externally and deep red internally. Examining a bone transversally, we find that it is composed of two tissues, of which one is dense and compact in texture like ivory, while the other of slender fibres and lamellce which jointly form a reticular structure, resembling lattice work, and is called cancellated.
AID.
Bone is com posed of 67 parts matte?", such as phosphate of lime and carbonate of lime, to 33 parts of animal matter.
The outside er:lge of compact bone is covered with periosteum which, when inflamed, causes the disease known as periostitis. The com pact bone and the cancellated vary in proportion in different parts of the bone, the shaft bei ng al most en ti rei y composed of compact bone. The central (or medullary cavity) contains the medulla or marrow.
LI G AM E NTS.
Bones are connected together with ligaments b y which joi nts or arti ulations are joined. These li g aments are s trong bands of white fibrous tissue which surround the approxi matin g bones on all sides - anterior, posterior and lateral in square joints, and capsular in round j o ints.
The ligaments, whilst b e ing pli c: nt and flexible to allow of perfect freedom of movement, are al s o strong, tough and unext e n s ile to with ta nd a most severely applied force.
1 USCLE
Covering the skelet o n , w e ha ve the mu s cles. These are the acti v e or g ans o f locom o tion and al 0 make up and cl ose in the lar g e ca vitie s o f t he body. There are two varieties o f muscle -v oluntary and involuntar y
The voluntary mu s cles are under the c ontrol of the will and ar e found in the limbs and the surface of the trunk, whilst the involuntar y muscles are not controlled by the will and are present in the walls of bloodvessels, intestines, etc. The action of mu s cles is brought abou t b y the nervous system, each muscular fibre bein g supplied with a nerve filament whi c h on stimulation from the brain, or some nervous reflex centre, contracts and produces the particular result required.
FA T
Fat consists of little vesicles or cells about one-four-hundredth of an inch in diameter, each composed of a structureless and colourless membrane filled with oily matter which is liquid durin g life. The oily matter in the cells is composed chiefly of the compounds of fatt y acids with glycerine, and are named oleine and margarine.
Fat keeps up the heat of the body when reabsorbed in the blood and by its want of conducting power, keeps in the warmth of the blood; while it is also used to fill up ho ll ows and crevices of the body. Fat is the first suhstance to go when the body begins to waste.
W e are prepared to supply Ambulan c e and oth e r s with specimen copie s of this Journal for distribu ti on among the i r members. Apply to the Publi s h :! r s, FIRsr AID, 40 Cannon St London E:.C 4.
Razlway Ambulance News.
Gr eat Western.
L ISKE \R ll.-Th l' L iskea r d Cl1l1 1J111 a 1l Cl; c lass h eld i ts ann u al mnkillg co n ccrt and pr e 'c nt atio n of awa r d at the ,'tag' H ote l on Au gu·t l4- t h , NI.ayo r (A lderman E. pu n\ ay) pre idcd a n d pa id hi g h t rl hute to t h c ucces of the c lass e \ cry onc of t h e 27 mem b e r s h;l\'ing q u alified for an a\ \ ard Il:embc r s h o ld the Company s 15 ) car dfici ncy medal \\ h l! e \\ 0 bec n awarded thc pCClal ce r tificatc [or spcclal ly mC ri torio u s first aie\. The Likca rrl TO. 1 t eam had won the ad\'aneed CClmpLlition tmph). thc Lad) Astor" s h icl.d, on scvcn occa" IOI1S. \\ h d c f()r IX )ears t h ey had q u a li fied fo r t h e Final competllion at Paddi n gton. ., Likea r d," sa i d t h e \Jayor, ha') hCln in the plcturc fo r many years no:v, and the to\\ 11 is proud of the cla s and look u pon It as work which <icse n eo; c 'cry r ccoo-nition." IlL' amhulancl' work a a qualificat ion fo r good cltizCllShlp. The awards were prescnted h) )'1r. A Pear'on, As I tallt Traffic and a pl'cial prc'>cnlation was made Oil hehal f () f thL c Ia s to their sccrl'tary, 11 r. R H .\ nl!;()'\' c, at tht' halHb of :-' 1r. C. F. E. Harvcy. 1\lr J. I I. T l ppell , Di\ 1 lOnal \ mhulancl' aid .that 7,3.00 Creat \\ eslern rai1\\ a) men ,,"crc already as 'oclated WIth thl' mo\ lIllt'llt. hut t h ue \\ as still room for marc rccruits. An excellent mUSical programmc \\ a rCI1dcred during the e\ Lning" hy local artites.
O!-'\ \ H) ,-)' 1r. J. \\ . En er (Traffic )' l anager.
OS\\ eLr») presided ()\ er thc ann u a l l!;athen n g- of the o \\ c!:>Lr) amh ul ance class 0 11 \u gusl 7th, and p r esented cxaminatio n a wards to the -1-1 s u eccs f u l me mb e r s, repre cnt1l1g- 100 per ccnt. pa ·sc·. c01:g r atu lated. t h em on t h e exce ll cllL \\ ork llley w c r e dO ll1 g \ \'ILh the B rI gade, and paid hig- h trib u te to the tuition of D r. J. H C r ofton )'1r. En er a l 0 r de rr cd to the fact that t h e Cen tr al \V alc Divi ion had thc h io-he t perce n tage of tr ained amb u la n ce mcn of all} Di yi inn 011 the Great \ Ve tern Rai lw ay. The a w a r ds p r ese n ted inc lu ded go l d meda ls a n d ba r s for 15, 20, 25 a n d 30 yea r ' e ffic ien cy i n fi r st a id w o rk.
}' 1r. J. Be n bow, class secreta r y, u bmitted a s h o rt r e port of th e yea r 's w o rk a nd a d elio' h tf ul m u s i ca l pr og r a mme fo rm cd pa rt of t h e evc nin g s pr occcd in <YsLondon, Mid land a nd Scottish.
A STON . - Th e most su c c c s s ful cIa s e v e r h e ld at
As t on , h ad a pl eas in g clim ax wh e n t h e a w a rd s f o r th e p a s t sea so n were pr e sentcd o n Au g u st 29 th. Th e aw a rds w e r e c o mpri sc d of 11 ce rtific a t es 14vo u ch e r s, and 39 lab e ls. Th e ch a irm a n Mr. A. Edw a rd , co n g ratulat e d th e candid a t e s and a s k ed for th e ir con t inu ed in t c r es t. Mr. P. E. P ro b e r t r e c ei ve d a diploma fr o m M r. Edw a rd s f o r l1is app o intm e nt a e r vi n g Br o th e r. An ex cell ent musical pr og r a mm e was g iv en by m e mb e rs of th e cla ss , and a vo t c o f th a nks to the a rtiste s brou g ht an enj oyabl e evenin g- t o a cI o e
CAERNARVO N - Memb e rs oJ: the Class were successful
i n \"' inni n g a Silvcr Cup 111 the J Ul1 ior Section aL L1 anhe ri s The follow in g we r e members of team:
:0 l ess r s. Tom W es t, hor Williams, H a r old \tVdhams and D. E. Hu mph r eys (captain) . T he Sec r etarJ: of was A lde r man J. \tV P r itc h a r d, and t r ame r W illtam \ Vi ll iam5. T h ey h ad n ot competed before as a team a n d were h ig- h ly compl i mented on their work.
SPRl:\C5 BR \:\clI.-The annual dist r ibution of awards recen tl y took p lace befo r e a good gathe r ing of members. 1\1 r. H R. \ \'ykes p r esented the a\vards to the succe sful candidates, among \\ h om 1\1 r. R. Hodkin on E ).Ia r tin were giYen special mention, hath L o n g Sen i ce go d medal for fifteen yea r s exammatlOr:s passed T ri b u te was also paid to Mr. R. Hart fo r hIS unti r ino- efforts i n the training of the clas and team. certificate, four medallions and ixteen labels \\ ere al 0 di tributed
T \FFORD.-).lemhLr recl'ntly touk part in thc annual in(\l\·idual ambulance competition for the "Thomas lIowa r d" C u p T h is i s the sixth year of the competitIOn, w h Ich was instituted following t h e presentation by 1\1 r s. Howard of the trophy in memory of he r h u sband) a forme r L.)'I. locomotiye superintendent at Staffo r d The judge was D r. Frank L Ed\y ards, and the test consisted of treating a r e\'o l ve r shot \\ ounei through the knee, and a simple fractu r e of the ribs sustained i n a fal l. \Y inncr of the competition was 1\1r. Harry Taylo r , \\ it h Mr. George Griffiths as runner- u p U V Lock ley \\"ho a sisted by thc local hon. secreta r y, 1\1r. F G r ay, h ad made thc arrangement for the co n test, moved a yote of thanks to Dr. Edward D r. Edwa r ds, i n r cp l y, paid t ri bute to the effi ciency ot t h e competito r s, and de cribe d in detai l the t r eatment of the hypot h etica l in juri cs
\ V \ LS \LL.-L ong ' cn'icc ha\'c recently bee n prese n ted to me m ber s. },Ir. G. SLa l11 fo r th r cce l\' cd t h e 2) yea r s G o ld Bar a nd }'1r. A C. B r adley t h e 15 yea r s Go ld :01eclaL E. Ta l ho t m ade t h e p r esentations and t h a n ked recip i ents fo r t h e ir se n ' i ce La t he ca u e, wh ilst on A u g u , t 12th 1\1 r. A l ora n rcce i nd t h e 2S y ea r Gold Bar fr0111 1\1r. G A. G r imo ldb y
II. J. 1\I ill cr, am bul ance o ffi ce r of the II igh hridge a ncl Burnh a m St. 10 hn D iyi si on, h as r ecc ived th e Co mp a ny' s go ld m ed a l in r ecognit io n of h a yin g passed cxa minati o ns for 15 y ea rs.
il l r. Willi a m Bns \\ d l, of Chape l -L l1 -k-f ri th, d i eu 0 11 al urda y, Au g u s t 15t h.
H e w as em pl oye d on t h e L. 1\ I. fo r oye r 4- 0 yea r s , an d w as in st ru c t o r t o t h e C h a p e l-e n - Ie-f r it h amb ul ance cla s s until hi d ea th. y ear h e w-as awa rd e d t h e in i g ni a of e rvin g B r o th e r of t h c Or dc r of S t. John.
66 FIRs'r
FIRS T A J 1.) 67
During the e ion 1935/1936 awards o'ained were 3,281, bein o a slight reduction over the preyions session The of certificates gained was 511) vo uchers 304, medallions and labels 2,223. It is pleasing to note that fir t and econd year awa rd s ho,\' an increa e over thc se ion.
Preliminary arrangements ha"e been made for next Di"isional competitions The conditions haye been slIghtly The patients may be o. 5 of the team, or a sUltab}y prepared pa.tient as circumstances permit.
TI:e DI tnct finals \\'111 probably rake place at the to\: n : Brighton (Districts I, 2 and 4), Deal ( o. 3), SalIsbury (No.5), Exeter (Ko 6) Brighton ( \\ omen).
R. P Biddlc, presenting the a wa r d ga111ed by the outhampton Docks Fi re Brigade, on the fact that eyery member of the Docks FIre BrIgade 'was a first aider-an excellent record and be proud of, He urged them to continue their tra1l1111g
l\1r. Biddle expressed thanks to Dr. H. C Attwood (lecturer) and to ::'1r. F. C Wren (class secretary); to Messrs. Inge and Amey, for, exami,na tion arrangements; and to illr. M, H. Jones (FIre BrIgade Superintendent) for the encouragement he gaYe to the ambulance movement.
N.S.W. Government.
\\'e haye received a copy of the Jubilee report of the attached the above railway, and 111 addItIon, an hIstorIcal reVIew and programme of commemoratIOn.
, The latter sets forth the" life" of the Corps) together WIth photographs of officials, etc., who have been con!1ected with it. In this respect there appears a composite photograph of eight foundation members who each the first examination of the Corps The memberShIP roll makes interesting reading: in 1885 there were 34 members) whilst 1935 the total r eached 16,085. This latter number excludes 2,937 tramway employees who were transferred from the Railway Ambulance Corps !o the Tramway Ambulance Corps which was fo rm ed 111 1934.
The report for 1935 gives particulars of the work carried out during that year. The number of classes held, ,3 96, was a record for anyone year, whilst the effectIve strength of the Corps is 45 pe r cent. of the tota l r aIlway staff. This figure includes the 1 324 new members obtained during 1935.
Partic,:!lars and , results of numerous competitions are also 111 the report, the Commissioner's Challenge ShIeld being won by Chubbord Electric Ca r Shops. Other competitions include Divisional tests t, Milna", Cup, and" Dr. Woodward" Memorial Meda l:
PartIcula,rs of outstanding first aid rendered by members, dUrIng the a r e contained in an appendix, a lso a lIst of past prIze W111ners in the various competitions.
A course of lantern lectures in First Aid and First Aid in Chemical Warfare will short ly commence at the Wimbledon Technical College. Full particulars may be obtained from the Registrar at Gladstone Road, London, S. W.19.
The Hospit Club.
THE 1936/ 7 session will open on October 9th, when the first monthly meeting will be held at the Bonnington Hotel, 'o uthampton Row. On ' aturday, November the Club's annual dance will be held at the Cora Hotel.
Membership of the Club is open to all officers of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and the hon. secretary, Mr. Albert E. "'t ells, 19, Elyne Hoad, Stroud . Green, London, NA, will he pleased to forward particu lars to those interested.
British Red Cross SOCiety.
I?ORSET. -:Lt .-Col. C. T. V. Benson, R .A 1. c., l\lilitary Hospital, Bonngton Camp, V\ 'areham, accompan ied by Lt.-Col. R. F. Woodw a rd, County Director for D ors I, re cent ly In specte d the Dor set / ii Men's Det ac h men t.
The parade was und e r Commandant E. \V. H. R. Scott, other officers on parade being- Ass!. om mandant C. V\T. 1\1ason, Dr. C. B. Th olll o n, Quarlerl1la t r T Ro ge r s anu Capt. Gardner, Church Army, lead r anu p at r on of Junior Links Red Cross.
, \ demonstration of ant i- gas warfare wa g i ven to how that the members were being trained in al'Cordance with requir ements A comprehensive ch me W<1 staged 111 a field kll1dly lent by Mr. Bailey, nE:ar the Fle ets H ot I, Pool e.
Colonel Bens o n co n grat ul ate d th e nwn up o n the smart a nd effic ient manner th ey had perfurmed their duties Col. Woodward the ur gent n ee d of preading knowl ed ge re ga rdll1g- a nti- gas measures so that the genera l public would avo id becoming panic-stricken and be able to fa ililate the a rran geme n ts being made by the loca l authorities for the protection at any tim e when the ne cess ity a r ose.
S URREY.- The a nnual camp fo r Surrey 1\1<.'11' Detachments was h e ld at Worthing, the total number of members present being sixty-four.
The Camp Commandant was Mr. B. E. R li naase n (C heam), Asst Camp Commandant 1\lr. G. F. Metcalfe (Albury), Adjutant, 1\1 r. A. E. C. Pre scott (Albury), Quarterma ste r, Mr. E. Hugh Hud so n (Guildford).
Instru ct ional "vork included first aid in th e field, squad and s tr etc h e r drill, gas ma s k drill, imprO\ isation, etc .
L ec tures were ::Ilso given in va rious SUbjects , Th e annual compelition for Surrey m embers und e r three years' service, wa s judged by Dr. Dundas McCall, of Worthin g , ass isted by Amb OITice r Pain e, S.l-A. B. T:,e winner was W. Cllander (Oxted) with 67 marks, followed by C. (Godalming), 59 marks, and F. Pearce (Godalming), 58 marks.
The" Commandant's" c up for the detachment with the high est average marks in the individual eve nt was secured by Oxted D e tachment (Surrey /6 1) with 51 J. Farnham (Su rrey/23) were second, 51, and Godalming (Surrey /39 ) third, 50!.
Among the visitors who in spected the camp was Col. L. F. Renny (County Controller for Surr ey) and Col. H. E. Weekes (County Director ::Jnd C':ontroller for Sllssex).
FIRST Notes on the Nursing
of War Gas Cases.
By MAJOR NORMAN
HAMMER, M.R.C.S.
(Continued fro/ll paKe 28.)
2. THE NUR II G OF No E GAS CASES. (THE POl O. S)I OKE)
THE sim pIe, straightforward Nose-Gas case I I not ne ed to be evacuated to ho"pital and so will not come under the notice of nurses as such : the gascs are not lethal and do not cause severe or prolonged illnes s
The action of th e Smokes, as yo u wi Il remember, is to cause a burning pain in the nose, mouth ( specially around the gums), head and chest, with a iddines s, dull headache and vomiting.
I oints to notice are :-
1. The gas is oEten first spotted ollly by its effects
l.. These effect do not come on until about four minutes after exposure.
S. onseqllently putting on the gas mask does not g i '!e i m med iate reI ief, the su fferers feel i ng the d layed effects of the gas they have already been exposed to.
+. They may ge t panick y and lose faith in their ma s ks, an d may discard them. This, of course, leads them to getting a bigger dose of th e gas than t hey need have.
The se poi n ts should perhaps be noted even m ore by Ambulance men and isters who are to be on duty ill first-line Aid Posts than by the Nurse who will be dealing with the cases in General Casualty-Clearing or General Hospitals.
5. After removal from exposure, the effects get 'Worse for a while, beginning to im prove after an hour or so.
Certai n com pi ications may occasionally occu r in Nose Gas cases, any of which may lead to the patient heing sent to hospital and so becoming a nursing case. These are :-
(1) Tbe g£ddin es s, which is one of the early symptoms, ma y lead to unconsciousness, occasionally deepening to coma. Other cases do not become unconscious, but are men tally dulled and apathetic, needing to be roused, with some difficulty, to perform any exertion, i.e., to walk, or to climb into an ambulance car. Unconscious cases will need the special procedures and precautions as laid down in the St. John First Aid
and H ome Nursing Textbook, for th-e unconscious state.
(2) Patients suffering from the smokes show, in all cases, marked depression. This passes off in about 48 hours but in a few cases may be so extreme as to lead to suicidal tendencies-which means that the case must be removed to hospital and wiIl need special care and observation from the nursing staff.
An early com pi ication is a tern porary J=-aralysis of one o r more limbs. This comes on early, goes off quickly, and is quite gone at 48 hours.
(4) At a later stage, often about four days after exposure, we get, in a very few cases, numbness, or shooting or tingling neuritic pains in arms or legs. .
Treatmen t is along general 11 nes : rest, fresh air, liquid diet. Pain in the nose, may be relieved by allowing the patIent to IIlhale chloroform from small ampoules which will be supplied, each ampoule put up to conta.in one or two C.c. of chloroform. Medicated pastdles may be sucked to soothe the throat. The neuritic pains are relieved by rest, the numbness wears off Complete recovery is the rule. Death never and the patient is not ill for a prolonged perIod.
3. THE NURSE A 'D TEAR GAS CASES. Tear gas cases will bc dealt with by first aiders in the line, and will not need to be evacuated to hospitaL Consequently they do not concern the nurse as such.
4. THE NURSING OF BLISTER GAS CASES. Sufferers from Mustard and Lewisite will in some cases need hospital treatment. The nurse will find that most of the gas cases that come under her care and observation at hospitals will be either Luna-Irritant or Blister cases.
In the next issue we will discuss the care of Blistel cases in hospital.
(To be continued.)
68 FIRST
A I D.
AID. 69
About forty Eastbourne doctors, the British Red Cross and St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade \'isited '.Vilmin gton Aerodrom e on Sunday, September 6th, to view the 10nospar Red Cross Ambulance the" Florence ightingale."
Legal Aspects of Blood Transfusion.
By P. L. OLIVER. Honorary Sec! eta}'y oj the Brit/sh Red Cross Blood Transjllslon Servz'ce.
LEGAL actions may arise for
(a) I njury to the recipient of blood.
(b) Injury to the donor.
Injury to the recipient may take the form of death from the injection of incom patible blood. The recipient may also contract venereal or some other disease from the donor.
\Vith regard to the first risk, the London Service is safeguarded by the very careful grouping of the donors on enrolment by our own medical officer, who first checks the corpuscles and then the serum. He recalls the donor for re-examination if there is any discrepancy. The medical examination is repeated after three or four years. There is of course the theoretical possibility of a donor changing from one blood group to another. Although we had quite a number of such cases in the early years of the Service, I think they may all be ascribed to careless initial grouping, probably with sera of a weak titre. As an elementary precaution, we recommend that every donor should be directly tested against the patient, but we are obviously unable to insist on this, although when it is properly carried out we do find an appreciable number of incompatibilities, particularly in Group 1 (AB). If tlus cross test is not carried out by the operating surgeon the legal responsibility rests with him and not with the Service. I think, therefore, that we are fully safeguarded on this point.
A possibility, which does not concern the Service, is that of the blood being injected in the patient so rapidly as to cause reaction and possible death, or a sim ilar result following the administration of a Group 4 (0) without double crossagglutination, under the mistaken impression that this group is universally compatible. A mere test of the donor's corpuscles against the patient's serum is not sufficient in this case as I have known deaths occur where this has been properly carried out; thus a Group 4 (0) donor gave to a Group 1 (AB) patient, causing death by the action of the donor's serum on the patient's corpuscles, a reversal of the usual experience. There is always the temptation to inject the blood too rapidly when the direct arm-to-arm method of transfusion is used, if only to relieve the donor from an unnecessarily long period of constraint, and for this reason, among others, the direcl method is very rarely used in this country. I have, however, been informed by a pathologist who carries out a very large number of autopsies for the purpose of
A 10.
coroners' inquests, that he has occasionally had reason to suspect that a contributory cause of death was a too rapid in jection of blood.
Injection oj tile donor with syplu'lz's 01" otller disease.-Before being accer-ted for enrolment, every volunteer is thoroughly examined by our medical officer. A fter every tenth transfusion, this examination is repeated. Any possibility of congenital syphilis is thus eliminated. \Vith regard to acquired syphilis I think it may be assumed that as the donor has no object beyond assisting the patient, he would naturally withdraw from the Service were he to contract venereal disease after enrolment. \iVere payment made for the transfusion, the circumstances would be different and there would naturally be a great incentive to conceal venereal disease. Tlll's z's tile great advantage of voluntary as cOlllparc.i wz'!1t profess'lOnal blood transJusz'on. is very seldom contracted in the British Isles. The volunteer who has never been abroad should therefore be Q safe donor on this score. The quarterly circular issued free of charge to all the members of the Service gives a great deal of information which keeps them an COltra?zt with the sim pIe medical poin ts affecti ng transfusion, and one may feel assured that the doctor's natural common sense would prevent the acceptance of a call for blood if his or her health were unsatisfactory.
INJURY TO THE Do OR.
Inject£on at the s£te of pUllcture.- This has been very rare in the London Service since the practice of cutting down upon a vein was prohibited. With an incision of from J to 3 centimetres and the closing of this incision with stitches, the risk is obviously far greater than when a single needle puncture is made. We now absolutely prohibit the first method, and it is exceedingly rare for trouble to arise on this score. In 1933 we had only one such accident in 2,698 transfusions, and in 1934 we had none in 3,448 transfusions. The only possibility of this accident is from the use of an imperfectly sterilized needle.
Iodine Burns.-As the result of experience we strongly recommend ether instead of iodine as a disinfectant. Three or four times a year we get a case in which iodine has been applied so lavishly (occasionalIy taking the form of a wet iodine pad bandaged to the arm after the transfusion) as to result in a rash or burn of the hollow of the arm. Sometimes this is so severe as to incapacitate the donor from work for a week or two.
Fa£ntness after TransJusz'on - This is almost entirely due to psychological causes and it rarely happens to an experienced donor. It is the direct result of apprehensions raised by ignorant relatives and misleading newspaper articles. If it occurs twice to the same donor aud there are no special
FIRS T
reasons, such as hurrying to hospital, we recommend him to withdraw from the Service.
G£ddiness or Verttgo . - Vertigo occasionally occurs if the donor arises too soon from the operating table or couch and hurries away. It is only a passing symptom and is usually recognised by the donor as such. Several years ago, a donor suffered from vertigo which commenced several months after a transfusion. He consulted his own doctor, whose experience of transfusion was obviously small, and was told that his condition was the after effect of the transfusion. This was before the appointment of our own medical officer, and as the man obviously believed thar. his condition was clue to the transfusion, we paid him the few pounds he claimed.
JJlalinge-r-£ng.- \Ve have had only one such case. A young man who had worked in a subord i nate position in one or two hospitals and had thus acquired a smattering of medical knowledge, served as a donor in a hospital where a somewhat crud t ch n iq ue was em ployed. The transfusion \Va performed by a house surgeon of limited cxpcrien e. The man declared that he felt so ill a a result that he was unable to leave the hospital, in which he \Va accordingly accommodated as an in-patient for a week. n discharge we paid him for a week's 10 s of wages and a further week's rest, but he continued to claim damages. His final demand was so heavy that our Committee in i ted on his bei ng exam ined by two em i nent medical men, a surgeon and a neurologist, in the presence of his private doctor. The three unanimously reported that he was simply suffering from "compensation neurosis" from which there was no chance of recovery until all further possibility of financial recompense was removed. The man dared not take legal action agai nst us. The actual cost to the ervice, including medical fees, was over a hundred pounds, but the experien e gained has been well worth the expense, as it has shown us how to deal with such cases.
How WE DEAL WITH CLAIMS FOR
If claims seem bona-fide and amount to less than £1, we pay them out of the Service fund. They include occasional claims for damage to clothing [rom blood or other liquids spilt on them. When the claim is for over £1, and when the damage, as is almost invariab ly the case, is due to the fault of the hospital concerned, we pay the sum and ask the hospital to refund it. This is usually done without demur. The British Red Cross Society guarantees all donors against injury, up to £100, from its own funds, and from £100£500 j o int l y with a well-k n own accident i nsurance company, which grants us this protection w i thout premium in recognition of the vallie of the service to its o r ganisat ion,
AID . 71
Generally speaking, there seem to be very few possibilities of legal problems arising in respect of the Service under the existing law of this country . This comparative immunity is due in part to the fact that our donors are not paid for their services.
Home Servi c e Ambul a nce Co m mi ttee.
At the end of June, 1936, there were 141 of the Committee's ambulances in the country and 215 affiliated stations, making a total of 356.
The number of patients carried during the quarter was 35,739, bringing- the number of cases carritd to June 30th, 1936, to 1,6H,S46. Ot these De\'onshire heads the list with 343,785, followed by Lancashire, W., with 214,937 and Kent 102,625.
The report points out the importance of stations making the quarterly returns not only of patients carried but of running costs. These assist in deducing facts which are of the greatast help in providing means to ans\yer questions from Units of the Order and the ociety proposing to take up similar work.
The report al 0 points out that there is no econom) in the neglect of necf'ssary adjustments and overhauls, and that the proper maintenance of \'ehicles is essential.
Ambula n c e f rom N ews Cuttings the Press.
The Editor invites Reade,s to send newspaper cuttings on matter of general interest for inclusion in this column.
FATAL \VASP SPII\'G.
A verdict that death was due to asphyxia caused br acute cedema glottiditis, consequent on a sting by a wasp, was recorded at the inquest last night on John Crosthwaite, 53, a County Council road man, who clied last Friday. The evidence showed that Crosthwaite was stung " ' hile drinking a glass of beer in an hotel.
His wife saw him lying in bed, but thought he was resting. - llIornillg Ad1.lutise r.
SAVED BY ,\RTIFICIAL RESPIRATIO T
For forty minutes a policeman and three firemen yesterday fough t succesc;;fully to the li\ es of two of the South Suburban Gas Company who were gassed 111 a thrf'e-foot trench in White Park-road, Orpington, Kent. Joseph E\'erett, of St. Mary Cray, and Ernest Tickner, of St. Paul's Cra)" were engaged in the trench disconnecting a service main gas pipe leading to a house. They were o\'ercome by an escape of gas and were seen to stagger.
An alarm was raised by a child and Tickner and Everett, who became unconscious, were pulled into the roadway. P.-C. Bulgin arri\'ed, followed by three firemen from Orpington Fire Station and an ambulance
They worked strenuously, using artificial respiration, for forty minutes, and then Tickner and Everett responded to the treatment and were lifted into the ambulance and taken to hospital.
Last night they were reported to be progressing fa\'ourably. - Dai?J' .Mirror.
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Our Nurses' Pages.
COMPIL E D BY AMBUL AN CE SISTER .
FO()ND.-A 1\letlallioll, "N0. 64770, Rachel D. Rae," was found on B1ackh('ath on August Bank Holiday. If the owner will apply to Lady Di\ Supt. Jiss C. Pearce, 3 Ommaney Road, New Cross, S.E., it will be returned to he<
No.1 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B.
Voluntary Aid Detachments in this District ",ill learn \-vitII regret of the resignation of Lady Irving- as Assistant County Controller for the County of London and 1\letrupolitan parts of Surrey, due to her leaving the District.
Although she has held this position for a short time only, her tact, sympathy and ready help have been very much appreciated by officers and members alike, and all will wish her every happiness in her new home.
Lady Supt. Miss 1\1. R. 1\1. Tuckv.'ell, No. 10 (Balham) Nursing Division, has been promoted to Ladv District Officer as trom August 1st, and succeeds Lady Irving as Assistant County Controller.
A Course of Instruction for \Vomen in First Aid to the Injured will be given at Toynbee Hall, Commercial Street, E.1, beginning Friday, October 9th, at 8 p.m. Fee for the Course, including the examination, 3/ 6d. Application for enrolment to be made to Lacy Supt. l\1iss Israel, 213 Vicarage Road, Ley ton, E.10.
HARROW N URSll"G DlYISIoN.-Lady District Officer
Robinia, Viscountess Mountgarret, O. B. E., Dame Grand Cross of The Order, visited this Di\ ision on July 16th, to present awards gained by the members and also by those (If tlw Nursing Cadet Division.
Lady Iountgarret spoke of the work of The Order and said what an honour it was to be connected with it. She appealed to the younger girls to carryon the nne tradition handed down to them as a priceless treasure. So much depended on each one of them individually.
The awards presented were as follows, the junior and senior teams and Ambulance Sister B. Ridgeway having won the cups in open competition at the Wimbledon First Aid Festival :-
Efficiency Cups.-A. SisLer B. Ridgeway (Seniors). Cadet E. G leadle- Richards (J uniors).
Bedmaking, Seniors.-A. Sisters B. Ridgeway and M. Meek.
Team Test, Seniors.-A. Sisters B. Ridgeway, A. Astridge, M. Meek, D. Spiller.
Team Test, J uniors.-G. Roots, K. Birkinshaw, R. Stevenson, B. Burton. (This team took part in o. 1 District Com petition.)
Senior Home Tursing Certincate.-K. Dirkinshaw, R. Stevenson, B. Burton.
Signalling- Certincatc.-K. Birkinshaw, S. Sten>nson, D. Egan, E. Gleadle-Richards.
Attendance Cups, 100 per cent. attendances for 1935.K. Birkinshaw, D. Egan.
Attendance Cups, 100 per cent. altE'nuanc{'s fnr 1')34 and 1935.-R. Ste\'enson, B. Brllokman, E. Glenclk-Richards.
No.2 DISTRICT, S.J.A.13.
\VII, IIESTER CITY NG DIVISION. This Di\'ision helJ a 'Whist Dri\'e on Thursday, Aug-usl 27th, in nid of the County Endo\yment Fund. The beautiful garden of Her enl House, Chesil Street, was kindly oITered for the purpose by Dr. E. Churches, the Hon. Treasurer of the funu. The prizes were g-i\'en by :'lessrs. Collis, Cobb anti Srencer, Dumper, Ltd., and JeITrey and Son, \vhose gen rous surrort was much arpreciated.
The prize winners were 1, l\lis l\[anning- and l\Irs. Salter; 2, Mrs. Elford and Mrs. Brand; 3, hall-timc, Mr Love and Irs Ed,\·ards.
NO.3 DISTRICT, S.J. £\. B. \VALSALL \VOOD. -A course of instruction in home nursing will begin at the \Valsall Wood Senior Council School on Friday, September 18th, at 7 p.m :'lrs. R. Wheale acting as class secretary. \.
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You can gain an expert knowledge of A ATOl\lY, PHYSIOLOGY AND L\NIP LATIVE TRK\T 1E TT without drudgery in the easiest and most econom ical man nero
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By means of our unique syslem of tuition any person of ordinary intelligence can masLer the course.
There are no text books to buy, no examination fees, and you can pay the moderate tuition fee by easy instalments.
Winning Costumes at the S.J.A.B. ursing Personnel Camp Fancy Dress Parade.
It is hoped when this is nnished, more than t weh e ladies holding both first aid and home nursing certificates will be keen enough to form a Nursing Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, which is urgently needed in the district
The Ambulance Division at Walsall Wood is doing all it can to interest ladies in Brigade work, so that the proposed new Nursing Divis ion may be a strong one. At a Committee meeting held on September 1st, it was decided to invite those attending the abo e-mentioned home nursingclass to visit the 1\len's Division and see them at '(11 k, practices, competitions, etc. ] n this way it is hoped that the ladies will get an insight into the way a Division of the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade functions.
tt An investment in knowledge pays the highest interest. "
Please send me, without obligation, a copy of your free booklet, "Swedish Massage as a Profession."
72 FIRST A I D.
MORPETII V. A D.- Two members of this detachment • • • • • • FIRST A I D .
iValJle ern Capital-) Address Get this free booklet NOW and learn how YOU can enter the Profession with a Future. SMAE INSTITUTE LEATHERHEAD 73
of the British Red Cross Society are to be congrat ula ted on their recent successes.
The Briti h Red Cross Society's merit badge a nd merit bar have been awarded to 1\1rs. O. 1\1. H olla nd an d 1\1iss :'liary E Dodds for proficiency in first aid, home nursing-, and first aid in chemical warfare.
EXPLOSION IN RED CROSS HUT. - Irs. Mabel Bell, of :'lliddlesborough, unfortunately herself became a patient while taking duty at the Red Cross Hut in the Albe rt Park, :'.liddlesborough, on August 19th.
Wishing to light a paraffin stove, s h e asked a police man for a match. A few seconds later the constable heard a call for help and, on going into the hut, fo und the stove had exploded and was blazing, and that 1\1rs. Bell's oyera ll was on fire.
He wrapped a blanket round her, and with some help managed to put out the fire After being treated for her injuries, Mrs. Bell was allo\yed to go home. Th e interior of the hut was slightly damaged.
It is fortunate that this nurse's training bad taught ber not to rush about when the clothes are on fire, and- tbat there was a man nearby who knew the correct way to deal with such an emergency. Had she run from the hut in the terror she must ha\'e felt, her injuries would have been more extensive than they were.
Items (Divisional news and competitions, social, interesting duties, lectures, etc ), for this page sbould be sent to Ambu lance Sister, C/0 The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannonst re et, London, E.C.4.
Wellington Blood Transfusion Service.
\Ve, in are familiar with the Blood Transfusion Service carried on und e r the auspices of the British Red Cross Society.
This work is also carried on in many other counLries, and therefore we were very pleased to receive a copy of the fourt h an nual report of the \Vellington Blood Transfusion Service for the year ended January 31st, 1936.
The founder and hon. secretary of this Service is Mr. C. A.C.S.(N.Z.), who is actively connected with the Order of St. John in New Zealand.
During the twelve months under review 161 calls were rec e ived, an increase of 48 over the previous yea r. Some fifteen hospitals and other institutions we r e ·,'isited by members, who number 93 males and 40 fema les. One member has given eight and another seven transfusions , whilst eight have given six and ten on five occasions. The membership and activit.ies show a general increase year by year, a nd the num ber of appreciations received from doctors and patients gives cause for great satisfaction. The Hon. Minister of Health, Sir Alexander Young, at the annual meeting-, tendered his congratulations to the members on their humanitarian serv ices.
A detach menL of mem bers of Sunderlard Corps, S.J. A. B., under Supt. D. r\elson, attended the funera at Sunderland Cemetery of Dr. Alfred John Hopper. Dr. Hopper, who was in practice at Silksworth for many years, had given many years' service to the ambulance movement.
Coming Events.
The Editor will be pleased to receive pa rticulars of fo rthcoming events for inclu sion (free of charge) under this heading.
SEPTEl\ IBER
22. -A ldershot and Di st ri ct Corps, S.J A. B., Inspection.
26.- Fifth A.nnual Conference N o.4 (Lancashire) Di st ri ct, S.J .A.B., Queen's Hall , Wigan. o TOBER
3 & 4. -A ll England A. R. P. Course of I nstruction tor S.l.A.B. Personnel, Gt. Central H ote l , London.
4.-Western Area(r 0 .1 District), S.l.A.B., hurch P ara d e, Priory Church of the Order of St. J ohn.
9 - Th e Hospitallers' Club le eti n g, Bonnington Hotel, Lond o n.
10. -Co nf e r e n ce of S.J.A.B. County Surgeons, . t. John's Gat e
11. - B arnet Di\'ision, S.J.A. B ., Church Parade, i\ !onkcn Hadley Church, 11 a. m.
17.-East H am and In ter-d isLrict Challenge Cur ComreLiion
23.-Dance, Shoredi tch Nursing Division, J \.B ., h oredi tch T own H al l.
27.-vVcste rn Area (No. 1 District), S.J.A. B., i\nnu a l ocia l, Caxton H a ll, Westminster. NO\ 'El\ IBER.
13. - The H ospita ll e r s' Club eeting, Bonn in gton Hot I, London.
21.-Easte rn Area ( 0. 1 Di strict), S.J.A.B., "Edith Ward" Shield Nursing Competitions.
21 & 22.-All E n g la nd A. R P. Course of In truct ion for S.J .A B. P erso nn e l, Gt. Central Hotel, London.
25. - Red Cross B a ll.
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IDEAL HEALTH
OR T ilE LA\\'S OF LIrE AI"D IIE \LTIl
By \l exanclcr Br)C'l', :'11.0 ., .:'I I. Glas.,
74 FIR S T
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A I D.
FIRST A I D. 75 Recently Published. 15th Edition. (172nd Thousand). Fully revised, 288 Pages, 298 Illustrations: some of' which are coloured. stiff' BarOs. 2/6 NET. F'ostage 3d. + WARWICK & TUNSTALL'S
THE INJURED &. SICK. An Advanced Ambulance Handbook Edited by F. C. NIClhIL:), M.n en.U., L.I(.C.I'., L D S late Capt. R.A III.C. (T. )
One of the 1110st conci c work on the subject pubIi hed at a popular price. "-Firs! id Journal.
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D.P.ll. antab. " The book will Sl!rve aumirahl)' Ihe 1-1IqJO'1! for wbich it "ns writlen, namely, lO gl1l1le il' 1c:ade, 10 ill"al healLh.- .lhdi, at 1/'0' /d. " The hook i, well rlllen should prove usdul 10 practitioners and lay people altkt:. - .11.:dical p, us and ("Cilia,'. JOHN WRIGHT & SONS ltd., BRISTOL 30, WALBROOK, E.C.4. LONDON. TEL. : MANSION HOUSE 5967. Ambulance supplied to St. John Headquarters and various Brigades throughout the country. HERBERT AMBULANCE Portman Printing Service (Proprietor L. R ALLUM.) Offers All Units of The Brigade and British Red Cross Seciety SUBSTANTIAL DISCOUNT on their PRINTINC requirements. Wh ist Drive, Dance and D nner T ickets, Scent Cards, &c ., &c., a Speciality. Forward Your Next Enquiry to : 80, George Street, Portman Square, london, W I. Telephone : WELBECK 8001. Commercia l and General Pr inting of Every Description "SUPANHE" BRAND ANTISEPTIC & HEALING OINTMENT A afe and Reliabl e Dr ess ing- for vVounds, Cuts, Chilblains, Burns, Chafing, Abras ions, Bruises, Skin Eruptions, &c. ONE OUNCE JAR POST 7 i d. FR[E. Write for FREE SAMPLE enclosing 3d. in stamps to: W & E. WATKIN, 69, Huron Road, London, S.W.I7. LOMAS, LTD. SPECIALISTS. 10·32, CITY ROAD, MANCHESTER. TEL.: CENTRAL 6672 Recent orders from: Addiscombe, Walmer, Nottingham, Burton Latimer. Lomas It S" Type mounted to Vauxhall Amb. Chassis. (HERBERT LOMAS, L TD-) 10-32. CITY ROAD. MANCHESTER Specify a lOMAS BODY & EQU I PMENT and obtain a high class unit. (HERBERT LOMAS, LTD.' 10-32, CITY ROAD, MANCHESTER.
Queries and ' Ans\Ners to Correspondents.
Queries will be dealt with under the following rules:-
1. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left h a nd corner of the envelope" Query," and AID
46, Cannon-street, London, E.C 4.
2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a Query Coupon" cut from the current issue ot the Journal, or, in case of Quenes [10m abroad, from a recent issue.
3·-The Textbook, to which refelence l:..e madt ill this colurrn is the 38th P928) Edition of S.J.A.A. M2nual of First Aid
AOMINISTRXfION OF :\lELLING ALTS.
F.G. (Johannesburg)-A.t a competition held recently, a patient had sustained a se\"( re brui::.e over the left lo\\"er ribs, internal hremorrhage deyeloping later. ] n spite of the instructions contained in par. 5, p. 122, of the Textbook, in respect of smelling salts, some of the surgeondisagreed " ith their use. I should be g-rateful if you would let me have your ruling- on the question.
If the competition was conJucted on tlIe Tl :--llJll ll k, thl ll as you rightly suggest, the adl1linistration of sl11elling salts was stri c tly legitima t e and should 11a\ e figured in the detailed marking sheet whatever the personal opinions of the surgeonexaminers.
I al 0 am among those doctors \vho do not appro\"e the administration of smelling salts to a case of Concealed Ha:morrhage (a better name than Ha-morrhage from Internal Organ, which term omits reference to the large blood ; but in a competition 1 must perforce accept the teaching of the Textb ook So 1 get out of the difficulty by markif'lg this detail in treatment uS low as is possible in the special circumstances of the test.-N. CORBI':T FLETCHER
HOWLER.
1\1. D. (Bristol)-At recent examination the surgeon-examiner asked a candidate what he would give to a patient suffering from Opium Poisoning He was intensely amused when the candidate immediately replied-I< An epidemic.l "
Good! Next, please! !-N.C.F.
l\10DIFICATION OF SCHAFER'S 1\lETIIOD.
G. R. (Doncaster)-I have asked several memhers of our class what is " the modification" of Schafer's 1\1 ethod of Artificial Respiration. As they, like myself, cannot explain this phrase, I shall be grateful for your kind help 011 this point.
Certain changes or modifications in Schafer's lethod have been suggested from time to time; and these have in every instance consisted entirely of alterations in the position of the operator's hands. The two chief modifications are
(1) the method described in the Textbook, which has been called the St. J obn Prone Pressure l\[ethod, and (2) the method adopted in America, which was at one time known
as the Prone Pres ure I thod and more recently as the Standard Technique for appl) ing Prone Pres5ure.
In Schafer's Method, the opel"ator's hands are placed on the patient's loins, so that pressure may be exerted in t h e pace between lowest ribs and pelvis, and the internal organs forced gently up again t the diaphragm. To do this, the thumbs are placed parallel on either side of the pine and wide apart from th fingers which arc spread out round the patient's body on the lowe t rib.
In the t. John l\lethod the hands with outspread fingers are placed O\'er the lowest ribs in such a way that the tip of the middle finger of each hand just touches the lower angle of each scapula:!; and pressure is exerted over the 10\\'er thorax.
In the Standard Technique l'lethod pressure is made on the loin as in Schafer's [ethod; but the thumb are kept in contact with the finger which cIa p the lower rib. Further, the operator breaks con tact at the end of each com plete movement and its right back on his heels.
THE HOUSEHOLD PHYSICIAN
A few of the Subjects treated : -
First Aid
How to Treat Accidents
Influenza, Colds, etc.
Measles, Mumps
Treating Diseases by Water
"
Herb" Root and Salt Remedies.
Corns and Warts
Dieting for Disease
Treatments for Beauty
C. F.
The Royal Life Saving Society has al ways r jecled those modiflcations which it does not regard a ill1pro\ell1ent in technique; and it has al\\'a) s taught the method which Prote sor ( ir) Edward harpe)' Schafer originated and made public in 903. Further, it is an open secret that our Textbook Revision COlllmittee has :Iccepted the suggestion that it should revert to Schafer's :'Ildhod. Thereby uniformity of instruction has been obtained in thi countn' ince wilen the next edition of the Textbook is two' great organisations will combinc to teach one and lhcsamc of artiflcial respiration - a most iaudable decision! !.
IN FIRST AID.
D.S. (East Ham). - On one occasion a urgcon-Iecturer spent the wllole evening- lecturing on Insensibility, its causes, effects, treatment and so on. Then, being satisfied that his class had been really attentive, he began to ask questiolls and, turning to olle of lhe recruits, enquired what \.va the first thing- that he would do when he came acro s an insen ible patient. He was not pleased when the recruit replied: "As'{' him wlzat /zap/Je71l'd .I "
Good! 1 ext, please!!- C. F
IODINE IN DISREPUTE.
L. D. (Wick, Scotland)-In the May, 1935, issue of FIRST AID you mention that Tinct. Iodine is falling into disrepute in the treatment of certain cases I would be grateful if you would say in what cases tbis appli<ls. Meanwhile I thank you for your replies to queries which afford me much help.
The painting of wounds with Tincture of Iodine was introduced after my own student days as an " almost infallible" protection against the septic infection of wounds. Its genera use fo r toilet of the skin, however, afterwards proved that certa i n individuals reacted badly to the irritant qua l ities of Iodine and that these invariably developed an acute inflammation of the skin where it had been treated w ith Iod i ne. Such individua ls are few and far between; and t h ey ca n o nl y be recognised as the result of their pe r sona l expe r ie n ce. Consequently, if a patient tells me that rodine always causes irritation of the skin, always accept the stateme n and select some other antisept ic At the sa m e i me , I suspect that a proportion of these cases deve loped nfla mm ation of the skin throug-h the imprope r use of I o di ne wh ic h should not be "app li ed," as t h e T extbook states, b u t m e r e l y painted once over the wo u nd an d s u r r o u nding s kin Fur t h e r,
The Diseases of Men, Women
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TH E Y O UNG W I FE and the experienced married woman will find all they want to know made clear .
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There are hundreds of subjects of value in all. The m u scles, teeth , cligestion, hair,foodvalue, Ju-Jitsu, phreno logy. Ho w to cliagno se disease, from appearance of head, face, tongue, throat, chest, pe rspira ti on, etc
Physical Culture
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W hat to Do in Emergencies
Treatment for all Skin Diseases
How to read Symptoms
The Lungs
Pleurisy
Hygiene, Anatomy, Pharmacy
The Principles of Nursing
Invalid Cookery
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Brain and Nervous Diseases
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375 Prescriptions, etc., etc.
THREE TESTIMONIALS FROM HUNDREDS RECEIVED
" I have gained 100 % in each of the 8 test exam- "Very pleased and with same. They are inations .. • the knowledge of which I attribute to written and explained so plainly that I am everyone your volumes, I have yet to meet my defeat in AMBULANCE who studies them must understand, and, agaIn, the IlIusEXAMINATIONS." trations are so true that anyone who had no
"I am delighted with' The Household Physician: and as knowledge at all about the particular the I am an ambulance man, I can appreciate them to their fullest diagram illustrates, would surely recognise It when
76 FIRST
A I D.
FIR S T AID. 77
BOO K LET t. EXPLAINS 8 " FA " (Sen d this form in unsealed envelope, stamped halfpenny.) 7iVrz'te Jor -it to - day ADD R ESS
it should always be allowed to dry on the wound before any dressing is applied.
Thus, it would seem that an a l most i nfallib le application for all \'ounds has become a dangerous remedy; and the chemists have now produced seYeral varieties of antiseptics for which they claim all the ad\'antages and none of the disadvantages of Iodine. Perhaps one day fashions may aRain challge and these als:) may fall into disrepute! there still remains our old friend-methylated some of us regard as the ideal antiseptic for use in any emergency and ,,-hich in my hands has always pro\'e d a Rood friend to my patients.-N C. F.
TREATMENT OF STIXGS.
J. S. (Co. Durham}. - Some members of our Di\'ision \\'ere on public duty at the seaside recently and had to attend to a young lady who said that somethiflg had stung her on the foot whilst paddling in the sea.
The Textbook is silent on the subject; and Black's lIfedical Dt'c!ionalJ' does not help us "Vi ii you please tell us something about fish stings and how to treat them? I may say that upon examination of the foot a small red dot or, perhaps I should say, a very small punctured wound was found.
You can only act as laid down under Stings oj Plants and Ins ects (Textbook, p. 13). If the injury was caused by a jelly fish some authorities recommend the immediate appplication of vinegar solution.-N.C.F.
STU\(; OF HORSE-FLY.
G.C. (Surbiton)-A. friend whilst on holiday was stung (or bitten) by a horse-fly. On reaching home some Jays later she experienced diarrh cea which apparently was caused by the poison of the horse-fly. Is there any first aid treatment that could be given? thanks in advance.
As "some days" intervened between the sting and he onset of diarrh cea r question if the sting was, in fact, the cause of the diarrhcea, more especially if the victim was quite well during that interval. In any case the patient would require medical, and not first, aid.-N.C.F.
TRE ,\TMENT OF HYSTERIA.
G. C. (Surbiton} - In the treatment of Hysteria (Textbook, p. 167) we are tuld to "sprinkle her with colu watlr."
Do you consider the word cc sp r inkle" strong e n ough?
I was informed by a doctor that sprinkling would not be of much use.
To be of any service the treatment of Hysteria requi r e s that you should catch the patient "on the hop." Once I was called to Rn eluerly man who was enjoy ng a glorious .• Fit" in the street and was mo st resistant to treatment His recovery, howe v.:- r, was immediate when he heard me say in reply to a question from a very sympathetic lady onlooker as to \vhat more could be done - " I ltave sentjor the police; and th ey will have him in a ce ll in a jt!w minutes "
The victim ejaculated-" B e d--d zf they will.l "-forthwith g-ot on his feet and marched away homewards!
If the patienl is an hRbitual then she (or he) will probably ha\'e been "sprinkled" many time') and consequently this treatment will avail nothing. Further, it is neilher commonsense nor good first aid to throw cold water over such a patient and so to souse her (or his) clothing. As a general rule, therefort!, it is a Wlse plan to catch hysterica patients" on the hop" by leaving them severely alone (in an empty room if possible) and by telling them to get on with it ! !-N C.F
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to L,etfl"'", ",,,d Stfldl1lJ, who will fi"d it til K"',,,,f IIffJU, "-Fa sT AlD.
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THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION St. John's Gate
LONDON, E. C.I
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AMBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE, By P. C. BOTfOMLEY. M.D. A
booklet
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To be cut out and enclosed 'lvz'th all Queries. Sept., I936.
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Their Signs, Symptoms and "First Aid " Treatment. An Ideal Memorizer Quick Reference. By A T. GOODING. With Preface by WILLIAM L OCK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN N ICOL.SON, M.A., M.B., Ch.B.Glas. II. net post fre e. _ _ A CATECHISM OF AIR RAID PRECAUTIONS
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Strong paper. :lid Post ld. HO.E URal B I FEW WORDa. (56th thousand). Revised With nsefnl reference tables. 14 pp. Strong paper, 2d. Post Id. BANDABI e DIABRA.a. u PP.-7 2 banda ging diagrams, with notes. Strong paper, Post Id.• HEALTH I" FEW WORDa. 8,. Sir R.. ft PIRTH. D.P.H P.R C.S. 20th Thousand Paper folder 3 In. and 4 III Post free 3d. net 8,. HOWAR.D M. PR.ESTOI'II. D,,,,o,.st,,,,,to,, ttl tltl Pol"t,ch"ic THE TRIA ULAR BANDABE: Price IS. net; postage ld Its Application Accurately Described by Words and no Diagrams. THE ROLLER BA DABE. Price IS. net; postage, 2d. lis Application Accurately Described by Words and 102 Diagrams. FIRaT-AID A ATo •• aAL DIAIIR •••• 13 (1 to nand q)on Roll Post free, 31. 94. net. No 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs 1/ 7. THE aO.PLETIE .A nU... Price 21 net; postage 4d Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invalnable to Students of Anatom} Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects. THE WHOLE ART OF IIA DA.I 8J T.BIltL.A 80W.BR., Illustrated. Post free, II. POa.ET FIRST AID .EIIIES. 87 Cel. It. J. 8LACIL(HAM. C.8 •• C.M.O" C.I.B •• D ••• O" M.II \ 1) Poisoning, (2) Haemorrhage, (3) Insensibility) (d Asphyxia (Suspended Brealh ng), (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains , l6) Wounds, Bites, Burns, Scale s Rupture and Minor InJur ies The Series contains all the essentials of First Aid Printed ou linen-lined cards, 3i in. X sl in. Third Edition. 64. ne ellch postage 2d extra. AIDa TO .E.ORY FOR FIRaT AID STUDENTB 'UIU ..URSEa VERNON NBWTON. M. •• (ED&, 94. net Pest .JOHN BALE, SONS & DANIEL880N. Ltd 88-91, Grea.t Tltehfleld Street London W.L
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THE ST. JOHN ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT, BY
UNIFORMS & EQUIPMEN]'.
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MANUALS
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ARE ESSENTIAL TO ALL DIVISIONS OF THE St. John Ambulance Brigade and can be OBTAINED from HOBSON & SONS (LONDON) L TO. UNIFORM CLOTHING & EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS.
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Comprising: Three Upper Arm; Two Forearm; One Patella ; One Thi gh; Two Leg; One Foot; and One T ourniquet Stic k; together with 12 Triangular Bandages. PER SET 10/- POST FREE Splints can be purchased separate at 6 / - per set, post free. Special Quotat ons for Quantities. Selected Wood. Free from Knots, Rounded Corners Ideal for Class Work. Send for your Set
UN80LICITED T£STIMONIAl. - One p u rchaser writes: I beg to acknowledg e rece ipt of the two se t s of Splints, which th nk are fine and the price reasonable, they are just right for all p ur poses-" • W M EMERY & co. , JOINERY WORKS, 13. GREEK STREET, LONDON, W.I. ENQUIRIES SOLICITED FOR PORTABLE FIRST AID HUTS, &c DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES FREE, ON APPLICATION.
NOW.
AND TROPHIES suitable for "FIRST AID" AMBULANCE CORPS AND SOCIETIES. SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL. No_ 77:Bronze, 3 / -; Silver, 4 / 6; Silver, Gofd Centre, 6 / 9. Orig ina l an d Qu otatio n s pos t Ira Wholesale Prices to all "FIRST AID" SOCIETIES. Contractors to H.M.Mini stry o f M u n itio n s,Ru ss ian Go ve rnm ent, etc. London Showroom:62. HOLBORN VIADUCT. E.C. Telephone 0840 City BRITISH ST. JOHN RED CROSS & AMBULANCE SOCIETY BRIGADE UNIFORMS DIREC1 FROM OUR FACTORY Perfect Fit, Quality and Materials, Correct Details, We have had 50 lears experience in the making of Uniforms. • WRITE FOR DESIGNS SAMPLES and PRICES 49, Hardman Street • 15. Red Lion Squa.re LIVERPOOL. LONDON. w.e I Ph on e : R oyal Phone: C h ancery 8646 Fl. H4 :I:IiI:i i 4alii II : b3 111111 (L POOL) LTD. 111111 Prln>ed and J:'ublisheu by DALE, REYNOLDS &: Co., Ltd., 46. Cannon-street, LondCi)n, E.C.4. whom all communications should be addressed 1 elegram s- -" Twehl,-/out', London." Tellpnone - Ctty 37 IO. To be had of all aDd Bookslalls in the and at all Railway Bookstalls of Messrs. W. H. Smith and Sons. rmlflmI!:TlJ I !J1JTlII11IITITlJ uumrrrnrrrnrrrrrIIITTlmmmrrumIIDl1 1111 1I1J1111 I No. 508. Vol. XLIII. OCTOBER, 1936. Price 3d. mmrmrrmrrummIUlllll llll l llIllll1 IllWlll llllll l lll llllllllllll l lll llllIIllllIWIDUllllWlllHlfTTUrrnUflll lllllll1Ill l llllm
Recruits Strength
The dietetic value of Oxo IS recognised as bemg superior to home ..-ma de beef ..-tea. Readil) digested and assimilated by the patient, it is qUIckly and easily prepared.
IIUT AID
;1nbeptnbtnf Journal for 'fI.)e k\mbulance nub 3}lursing
NOTICE TO READERS.
FIRST AID Is published on the :loth of each month. The Annual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3 d .
Its aim and Object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers. All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at the address below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily jor publication) by the name and address of the Correspondent.
The Perfect Pluid Diet
C a SIIIIIIIII IIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII !IMVALID
Whatever the Chassis *'\ , , use Carters' Ambulance .
Fittings.
The most up - to-date and scientific in the world.
THE
NEW
Sectional Catalogue 7A, which is free for the askIng, describes this Patent Stretcher Elevating Gear, which is a triumph in compactness and scientific design,and the whole range of Ambulance Furniture and Fittings.
Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4.
1 elegraphic Address-" Twenty-jout', London. Telephont- City 37 IO.
CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER
EDITORIAL :-
Thank to the Doctor
t. John \mbulance .\ssociation
l. Andrew' Ambulance A sociation
Extracts from the Ianual of ] nstruction for thc Royal l aval Sick Berth taJT
S.J.A.B. OYcr C(lo; Coming Evcnts
S.J \.B. Headquarter and District
chool, Falfield Railway Ambulancc News
EDITORIAL.
A:-IOTIIER October has arrived and again it is our pleasing duty to tender to Dr. I\. Corbet Fletcher the cordial thanks of our readers and ourselves for his invaluable help during twelve months as Honorary Iedical Correspondent to FIRST AID.
TIrA
This year, however, has forged a link in history as the Doctor has now completed twentyone years of such voluntary service and so we feel that special mention and praise must be extended to him, although very much against his wishes.
Twenty-one years ago the name" N. Corbet Fletcher" was first appended to a query following the sudden death of Dr. L. 1\1. Frank Christian. One could hardly visualise so long ago that this feature of our Joumal would grow in popularity from one or two to anything up to sixteen queries each month. Yet that is an established fact. 1\lonth after month queries arrive to test the Doctor's knowledge; and the assistance given to readers cannot be over-estimated.
"PORTLAND"
GEAR (Pat. No. 380963).
ThJs new patent Ambulance Gear offers many unique advantages whether the Ambulance is carrying two stretcher cases or only a single case. A self-contained unit, it can be placed in almost any vehicle, and it makes the loading of either top or bottom the simplest possible matter.
The " PORTLAND" Gear should be specified
127, 129, Great Portland Street, London, W.I.
1040.
Through FIRST AID the rulin gs and decisions, which appear above the initials" N.C.F." are accepted as authoritati ve not onl y at home bu t also Overseas-in Australia, Bermuda, Canada, Ceylon, India, New Zealand and South Africa, as is evidenced by the queries received from these farflung centres of the Ambulance 10vement.
During the past year 130 queries have received the Doctor's attention, whilst during the 21 years service this number is nearer 2,500.
We can not speak too highly of the services rendered by Dr. Corbet Fletcher to the Ambdance Movement; and, in the words of one of our readers, we give the toast- Ie N.C.F. - the Never Cornered Firstaider " - with our most sincere and deepest gratitude.
UNIFORM for all V.A.D. Detachments COMPLETE OUTFIT FOR B.R.C.S. MEMBERS Consisting of Coat, Cap, Dress, Apron, Collar, Cambric Cap, Sleeves, Belt, lor £4 -1 -6 FOR ST. JOHN AMBULANCE SISTERS Compri s ing Coat, Hat, Dress, Apron, Collar, Cuffs Belt, Gloves, for £3 -18 - 0 Nurses' Outfitting Association, Ltd., Carlyle Buildin2" STOCKPORT L on']on: Abbey H o u se W est · mi ns t e r S. \V 1. Li verpoo . 57, Ren s h a w :;tre e t M anchester ,6, Ki ng Street Di m ingbam <. R y de S treet 'onbu m her landS, 35. Hi g h S treet G '''gow III, U n o n S tr eet ST. JOHN COAT RED CROSS APRON Write for new. fully ill ustrated catalogue and detailed price list. Sent immediately without obligation
1I III IIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllillIIIIIIIlli
125,
Tcl egrams-"B a th c hair, Wesdo, London.'
By Appointment. e" WRITE FOR IT. This illustration shows
clear gangway for loading the lower stretcher when only one case is being carried. 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!!IIIII11111
Telephone-Langham
for an y new Ambulance and it provides an ideal method of modernising vehicles already iIi use.
the
No. S08.-VoL. XLIII. OC T OBER, 1936. [ Etc/end at] PRICE THREEPENCE Stationers' Hall [3/6 PER A NNUM. POST FREE
for \Vales Competitor and Judge Our Nurses' Pages A phyxia or Suffocation l'olice Ambulance Ne\\ s Collis Fracture Thc Hosritallers' lllb
ANSWERS TO
TS :Operative Treatment of Choking Examination Howler Compound Fracture of Clavicle from Palm of Hand Wound in Abdominal Wall Uses of Collodion Compression of Femoral \rt cry Treatment of Stings Ethics of First Aid Humour in First Aid Application of Thomas Splint Treatment of Poisoning 81 82 82 83 SS R5 86 90 92 9S 96 97 100 101 102 102 104 104 10+ 14+ 104 106 106 106 106 106 106 106
Reports Anti-Ga
Pri()ry
QUERIES AND
CORRESPONDE
KS TO THE DOCTOR.
Am bulance Association
Lt.-Col. \\1. F. A. \Yadham, presided at the annual general meeting, held on September 29th, and tressed the need tor more people to study ambulance work. He appealed to the women to attend tile clas es
The Secretary, \V. Jacobs, 111 his n.'port, said the year had been successful in e\'ery way. The ficrures were the <Treatest since thf> inception of the Centre \0 if380. Thanks the ejf,)rts of Dr. F.:\1. luart, Dr.]. 1. Hender,:on and iter J ames, of the 1 orth Lonsdale Hospital, coupled with the hard \York of their own instructors, the year had been most from an examination point of "iew. :\wards dunng the past year had been: first aid certificates, 38 vouchers, 12; medallions, 9 ; lahels, 59 ; home nursing certificates, 7 ; pendants, 2. Since the Centre was started 4,717 awards have been gained.
The Committee for the ensuJl1g year was elpcted as follows : Boyce, Beckwith, Skelcher, Crossfield. :\lisses Reed and Hamer. J'llessrs. Jacobs, \Veb tel', Pedley, Love, Bro,>\'n, Gamble, Jackson, Howie, Lewis. Col. \Vadham made the presentation of awards for the previous session.
OKEHA 1PTOl\'.
At a public meeting held at Okebampton Town Hall it was decided to form a branch of the A sociation.
The i\layor (:\lr. S. J. Rich) presided. Others included the Town Clerk (:\1r. J. j. Newcombe), PolLce Supt. J. :\larsba ll and the l\ledical Officer of Health (Dr. E. D. _-\. Price).
;\1r. Herbert J. Vick (County CommIssIoner, :\11d-Devon Arca) explained the objects of the al:d the Brigade. He mentioned tbat over had been issued. He also referred to air-raId precautwns and emphasised the fact that members of the Brigade were being trained in this work and, therefore. would know what to do in case of attacks.
The was elected as President of the with ;\1r. P. H. :\liller as Secretary, and H. E. Whlte as Treasurer.
HCLL.
Sixteen teams competed for the "Carver)) cup on Saturday, October 3rd, the judges being Drs. K H. Beverly, C. Simpson. H. E. E. M. Dearn, L. F. \Vilson and Colonel \V. A. Thompson, T. D., A. M. S. Mr. \N. T. Atkinson, County Commissioner, presided supported by Mr. A. O. Sayner, W. E. Twinham (Secretary), T. E. Howden (Chief Cunstable), Capt. J. Lamb, Mr. R. Rit c hie (Hull stationmaster), upt. Rands (New Holland Division) and Mrs. Rands, Mr. and M r s. G. H. Oakes and Mr. J. W. Evans.
The prizes were presented by Major W. H. Carver, J. P., in the absence of :\lrs. Carver \'\"ho was indisposed, who said that the St. John movement was the very spirit of Great Britain's attitude. In his opinion it was this voluntary work which stood the country in such good stead.
The result was 1, Leeds City Police, 354; 2, Dairycoates, L.N.E R., 330; 3, York C. and W. Works, 302t. J ndividual prizes were won by J. Bell, Leeds Police; S.
Southard, Hull City, B J. Aylott, Grimsbr L. N. E. R.; \ -\1. Coolin'" Grimsby Police; J. Dorricolt, Grimsby Police. Huddeston (Deputy Chief Constable, East R iding) proposed a \ ote of thanks tu l\ l ajor Can l'r and to the officials.
St. Andrew ' s Alnbulance Association.
LEITI!.-The first aid clas in connection \\ itil the Lith District L. T.E.R. Section, held in Leith tation, was opened on unday. ertember 27th.
1\1r. George A. Richard, goods agent, outh L ilh Station pre ided, and before calling- on the IIonorary Surgeon to give the fir_ t of a eries of t \\ che lectures, he made the following presentations :-
Dr. Angu \\'alker and Joan SCl)tt. the \" lunta!'), l\ledical Sen'ice !\led'll, granted for 15 YCMS' enicienl jirst aid sen'ices. Donald ;\latheson, 3rJ p for 30 cars' service. \\,illiam tewart, 2nd clasp for 25 ) ears' en'icc. William B. Leslie, 1 t cIa p for 20 years' Sf'n icc. Georg-c Robinson, 1st clasp for 20 years' service.
lr. Richard congratulated all the recipients Oil their long and efficient Service to the :\Io\·ement.
The total sen'ice represented by the medals and rlasp. amounted to 125 year.
RorHEsAY - The Rothe a\' ectilln C()Ill111L'I1CeU winter activities on 2nd, at th'e Old ;\lan"ioll llouse, kindly granted by the of Bute as heaclquartt:rs.
Classes for beginners are being held l)Il alternate Fnda) s during- the winter.
Although only recently formed, members of this ection have already performed public en·icl:s.
ST. ANDRE\\'s - At the Illeet ing- of Sl. l\ndre\\-s To\\ n Council on October Sth, Pro\ 'ost \\ '. :\'orlllan BOilSl', who occupied tbe chair, presented the Voluntary i\ledical erviu! Medal of St. Andre,,'s .\l11bulance Corps tu lr. Georg-c ChristiC', COlllmandant of the local Secrion.
:\lr. Christie was the founder of the Sl. ;\ndrew - ection and has taken a leading part in the work of training- alllhulance workers and in the org-anisation of the first aid in the town.
\".7bile on dut\' at the Scottish lllotor cycle races on the West Sands, St. 'Andrews, in July, !\Ir. 'Christie was the victim of an unusual accident. A riderless motor cycle that had thrown one of the competitol-s shot inlo the enclosure, knocking down the ambulance tent and injuring thc man.
He was conveyed to St. Andrews Cott age Hospital where he made a satisfactory recovery.
Extracts from the Manual of Instruction FOR
THE Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff. *
(Culllhlltl!d jrulIl pagp 55.)
(5) THE NERVOUS SYSTE:\1.
Mr. Ronald Corbet Fletcher, L. D.S., R C.S (Eng.), younger son of Dr. and Mrs. Corbet Fletcher, of 166, Haverstock-hill, N. W.3, was married at St. Stephen's Church, Hampstead, 011 Saturday, September 12th, to l iss Marjory Honor Peabody, younger daug-hter of the late Rev. J. H. Peabody (formerly Vicar of t. Jam s' Church, Clacton-on-Sea) and Mrs. Peabody, of 33, Do", nside Crescent, 1 \V 3. After the service, which was fully choral, a reception was held at the Rosslyn Lodge Hotel, Hamp:>tead, and was attended by 130 guests.
In tIl£' .)'Iomaclz. rastric Juice contains
(a) Pepsin, which converts proteins into peptones.
(b) Hydrochloric Acid, which helps in protein digestion.
III tile mall Illtestz'lle. (1) Bile emulsifies
III I lie .lIon tIl. Saliva contains Ptyalin, which converts starch into sugar. fals.
(1) Pancreatic Juice contains :-
(a) Trypsin, which converts proteins into rcrtones.
(b) Amylopsin, \\hich converts starch into sugar.
(c) teapsin, which mulsdles fats.
(3) Succus Entericus converts proteins into peptones and starch into sugar.
Thus all the diiTerent forms of food are acted upon by two or more ferments Sugar and salts are absorbed unchanged. Absorption. \V hen the foodstuffs have been digested and rendered soluble they are absorbed from the intestine into the blood stream, but not all in the same way.
(t) Sugar and Salts pass directly into the capillaries of the intestines, whence they are carried by the portal veIn to the liver. Some of the sugar is stored up here as glycogen for future use, and when required leaves the liver by the hepatic vein for distribution throughout the body.
(2) Peptones and Emztlsdied Fats are absorbed by the lacteals or lymphatic vessels in the villi of the intestines. They are then carried by other lymphatics to the receptaculum chyli, pass up the thoracic duct, and enter the left subclavian vein to join the blood stream.
*Reprinted by permission of the Controller of H. M. Stationery Office Copies
H.
The Nervous System is the most complicated system in the human body. It controls every voluntary and involuntary movement; it enables us to use our senses, and it is the organ of the mind.
I t is bui It up of nerve cells and nerve fi bres and is divided into two main groups, the cerebrospinal nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system.
The Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
The brain occupies the cavity of the skull, and is enclosed by three mem branes called the Jl.IelZinges. They are;-
(a) The Dura Mater, a strong fibrous membrane, which lines the inside of the skull and spinal canal.
(b) The A1'aclmoz'd, a delicate memhrane, which lies under the dura mater.
(c) The Pz'a fo.fater, consisting of a network of blood vessels covering the surface of the brain and supplying it with blood. Between the arachnoid and the pia mater is a space, most marked at the of the brain, in which is a collection of fluid, called FLuz'd. This fluid is colourless and transparent, and surrounds the brain and spinal cord, acting as a water cushion to diminish shock.
The Brain consists of the Cerebrum or large brain, the Cerebellum or small brain, and the Medulla Oblongata.
The Cerebrum occupies nearly the whole of the cavity of the skull. It is almost divided into two lobes, called the right and left hemispheres, by a deep fissure (or groove) running from the front to the back. The surface is thrown intoa number of folds called convolutions, whereby the surface Clrea is much increased. The interior of the cerebrum is not so l id throughout, but contains ca\'ities called Ventricles.
W.C 2 , or any branch , price of/Sd. post free.
On cutting into the brain it will be seen to to consist of two distinct tissues, called on account of their colour, grey and white matter. The grey matter, which is composed of nerve cells, is a thin layer on the outside of the brain, and encloses the white matter, which consists of nerve fibres . The w h ite m atter is much more abundant than the grey .
FIRST S t. J o
hn
AID.
F I It S T A r u. 83
of the manual can be had of
M. Stationery Office, Adastral House, Kingsway, London,
The Cerebellum, very much smaller than the cerebrum, lies at the back of the skull, and though joined to the cerebrum, is separated by a deep groove. It is divided into two hemispheres and the surface is thrown into fine convolutions As in the cerebrum, the grey matter is outside, and the white matter inside
The chief function of the cerebullum is to regulate the groups of muscles used in standing, walking, and running so that balance may be kept.
The Oblongata connects the brain to the spinal cord. It consists of white matter and grey matter, but unlike the cerebrum and cerebullum, the grey matter is inside, and the white matter outside.
I n the med ulla the nerve fibres cross, so that the right side of the brain controls the left side of of the body, and vice versa.
The chief function of the medulla is to control the circ ulation and the movements of respiration and swallowing.
The Spinal Cord is a long cord of nerve matter which is continuous with the medulla oblongata. I t lies in the vertebral canal and is covered by the meninges, which are continuous with those of the brain.
On cutting through the spinal cord the grey matter will be seen on the inside and the white matter on the outside. The grey matter is arranged like an H, with two horns in front and two horns behind. These horns give off nerve fibre:::, called the anterior and posterior nerve roots. The anterior nerve roots are motor , -i.e., the y convey impulses to the muscles.
The posterior nerve roots are sensory, i. e. , they receive impulses from the skin. The two nerve roots on each side of the cord combine to form a spinal nerve.
Nerves are collections of nerve fibres, which run either from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles, or from the skin to the brain or spinal cord.
There are therefore two varieties of nerves :-
(1) Motor lVerve s.-Those carrying impulses from the brain to the muscles.
The will to make a movement originates in the brain. The impulse passes down through the medulla and the spinal cord.
It leaves the spinal cord by one of the anterior nerve roots. It then proceeds by the nerve supplying those muscles, which it is desired to con tract. As the fibres from one side of the brain cross to the opposite side of the medulla, the impulse to contract a musle on the right side of the body must originate on the left side of the brain, and vice versa.
(2) Sensory lVe l'Ve s. - Those carrying impulses from the skin to the brain.
These nerves convey the sensation of
touch, heat, cold, and pain. They enter the spi nal cord by the posterior nerve roots, and proceed to the brai n.
The neryes of sight, smell, taste and hearing are also sensory nerves.
Refle x Action.-If the foot of a sleeping person is tickled, the leg is withdrawn - this is reflex action. The stimulus is carried by the sensory nerves from the skin to the spinal cord. Here these impulses act upon the grey matter and cause new impulses to arise, motor impulses, which pass to the muscle, causing them to contract. This movement takes place without the action of the brain.
Nerves are given off both from the brain and from the spinal cord, those from the brain are called the Cran£al nerves, and thos from the cord, the Sp-inal nerves.
The Cranial Nerves supply chiefly the organs of the special senses, the skin and m L1sles of the face, and the heart , stomach and lungs.
The nerves of the special senses are :-
The Olfactory, or nerve of smell, su ppl ying the nose.
The op t£c , or nerve of sight, su pplyin cr the eyes.
The Audz'tory, or nerve of hearin g, supplying the ears.
The Glosso-pharyngeal, or nerve of taste, supplying the tongue.
The Spinal Nerves are given off from the spinal cord, and pass out between the vetebrce. After emerging from between the vertebrce the spinal nerves unite to form large nerve trunks, which then divide into branches to supply the skin and the m usles.
The large nerve trunk supplying the leg is called the Sc£atic Nerve.
The Sympathetic Nervous System consists of masses of nerve tissue called Ganglia, connected by nerve fibres. These are arranged mainly in two chains, one on either side of the vertebral column. These chains are connected to the cranial and spinal nerves.
The sympathetic system controls the vital functions of the body.
It regulates respiration, secretion and excretion, the circulation, movements of the intestines, and the blood supply to various parts of the body (through the vaso-motor nerves). It works quite independently of the brain, and continues during sleep and unconsciousness.
(To be continued.)
We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretarie., and others with s pecimen copies of this Journal for distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers , FIRST AID, 46 Cannon St • London E .C . .. .
S.J.A. B. Overseas.
C.\NA
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TOR ONTo.-i\l the Canadian at ion a l Exhibition held in TOI-onto from August 2 th to Septem ber 12th, members of the Toronto Corps, S.] .A. B. Overseas, again r e nd ered sple ndid erv ice. Sixty-three men and 23 nurses gave 3,770 \'ol untar y h ours of duty and rendered assistance to 525 pe rson. Every ni ghl th r ee men remained o n dut y so that as ista n ce wa s available contin u ous ly.
, \ la rg- e tent provided by the ex. hibiti o n author iti es was ful ly ey uipp ed by the orps, being di vid ed into sections-a first aid dre '. ing room, of11ce, 2 sections conta inin g 6 cots each, and rest rooms for members when olT duty.
Tent duty \Va in the care of t'1e Nursing Divi sion (under Lady Corp up t. '\lr Dougla ), whilst the Ambulance Division were under Corps url. T. ;-'1. \\ est and Corps Officer \V. G. Pri ce.
The WlH k accomplished was of the highest sta nd a rd, the ca es attended \'arying from sma ll wounds to fractured thighs.
The Clllllll1i':Jsioner, [)r. Chas ]. Copp, Corps Surgeoll Or .•\. T. i\lac:\al11ara and Di\. P \. 'a rjeant \ isited the exhibition in r ota three timl.!s daily and ex pres ed satisfaction l)f the work carri d out.
1:\ 01.\.
BO:\JBA Y. The annual inspection of the Bombay Corps was held on unday, August 30th, and carried out by 'i r Erne t Burdon, hid Commissioner for India.
The inspecting officer was recei\ed by \sst. Co 111mis ioner C;. W ile, and Acting District upl. Capt. F. ;\ Kapadia.
Sir Ernest tlr t in rected the nur ing divisions, consi. ting of Par i and Iu slim \\'omen, and th n pa se d on to the Parsi, J ew, Cosmopolitan, Hindu, ;\I aratha, R a diant Club, People's Muslim and Cadd di\ isions,
After the inspection, aptain F. K apadia read a short report of the work done by the BOIll bay Corps. H e said that next to o. 2 District, theIrs was the lar ge t and strongest in Indi a, ha\ 'ing on its roll two nursing, one cadet ten amb ul ance and three cadet ambulance divisions with a tota l of more than 600 members. The P a r s i Ambulance Division, the oldest, was registered in 1904, and th(' youngest, the l\luslim Nur in g Divi ion, was registered in 1935. All castes and cree ds were represented in the Distri ct, and the divisions did u eful work at publi functions an d during- riots a nd political trouble
Sir Ernest, ill his address, paid a comp liment to the Parsi division which had suc h a nne record of servi::e to its cre dit. IIe also complimented the P a r s i community on providing a hea dquarter for the di\'ision, and expressed the hope that the other di\ isions a lso would soon ha\'e their ow n h ea dquart ers. R efe rrin g to th e nur s ing di v i ion, Sir Ernest said it w as Yery encouraging- to see Purdah women taking to am bu lan ce work.
Sir Ernest r eg retted that, owing to Ilnancial difficulty, it bad not be e n possible for the He a dqu a rters to do much for providing better eq uipm ent to the Corps, but recently t h ey had re ce ived a cont ribution from the Sil ve r Jubile e Fund. A s um of R 800 h a d been allotted to Bombay from that fU."ld. Headqu a rters wer e also co nt e mplating the ap pointment of a staff onicer who se services will be available, in the maller of administrative and trainin!:; work, to the Assistant Commissioners. -
At O. 85
Ir. G. Wiles thank e d Sir Ernest for his suggesti ons and the allotment of R s 800 for their di strict The Chief Commissioner then visited the H ea dquarters of the Parsi Division, where he was garlanded by Mr. Pantbaki, the Superintendent of the Division.
RHODESI A.
Enc ou ragin g- examinatian reports have been recei\'e d from Bulawayo, where 16 passes where obtained durin g ]uly; from Gwel o, where 30 pupils of the Chaplin Hi gh School qualified for junior certificates; from umtali, where 42 members proved their efficiency; and also from Salisbury, where 15 members passed the examination.
Calls on the Blood Tran sf usion Groups at Cmtali and Bulawayo have been received during the past few weeks. With referen ce to the Empire Exhibition at ] ohannesburg, the Rhodesia Railw ays Di strict has recei\'ed an im itation for members to take a turn of duty at one of the first aid posts, and it is expected that many members will take advantage of the invitation.
Coming Eve nt s .
The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars or forthcoming events for inclu s ion (free of charge) under this heading.
OCTOBER.
23. - Dan ce, Shoreditch Nursing Di vis ion, S.].A. E., Sboreditch Town Hall.
25.-Annual Church Parade, Hampstead Di\'ision S.].A. B., 11 a.m., Trinity Pr esbyte ri an Church, High Street, Hampstead.
27 .-Western Area (1\'0. t District), S.J.A. B., .l..nnual S ocial, Caxton Hall, \Vestminster.
27.-l\letropoliton Police "Parsons" Shield, First Preliminary Competition, Peel Hous e
28.- First Annual Dinner, No. 114 (L. C. C. Trams ) Di\'isian, S.] .A. B., Feathers' Hotel, \Vestminster.
29.-Dance, Haggerston Division, S.]. A. B., Shoreditch Town Hall.
30 .- letropolitan Police ,. Parsons" Shield, S econd Preliminary Competition, Peel Hous e. N O\'E11BER.
13.-The Hospitallers ' Club l\leetin g, Bonnington Hotel, London.
21.-Eastern Area, No.1 District, S,J.A. S., "Ed ith W ard" Shield Nur s ing Competitions.
21 & 22.-A11 England A R. P Cour e of In t ru ction for S.].A. B. Personnel, Gt. Central Ho tel, London.
25. -Red Cross Ball.
25.-l\1etropolitan Police "Parsons" hield Competition Final, Peel House.
28. - Annual Dinner, B. R C S. Blood Tr a nsfusion S e n ice.
28.-Annual Danc e, Hospitallers' Club, Cora Hotel, London .
28.-Eastern "\rea, No. 1 Distri ct, "Charles tatham" (Massey Preliminary) Competition.
D ECE MBER.
5.-Annual Officers' Dinn e r, No. 1 ( Prin ce of \\ 'ales's) Distri ct, S.].A 8., Gt. Central Hotel, :'.I a ryl ebone
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A I D.
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St. yo h?/? Am bu la nce B rigade
_Heaciquarters and Dz'strz'ct Reports .
Bri g ad e Headquarte rs.
On Saturday, October 10th, history was made in the annals of the St. John Ambulance Bri c:ra de when the first conference of District and County 5urg-eons was held at Sr. John's Gate, under the chairmanship of Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, Surgeon-in-Chief.
Sir Percival \Vilkinson, Secrclary-General, on behalf of The Order, welcomed tl1(' deleo-ates and commended the work \\'hich medical men were doing, It was, he i-liJ, the rock on which first aid was soundly built.
The meeting, which had a representative attendance from all the country, was an unqualified succe and a personal .tnumph of the fore ight of Dr. Corbet Fletcher 10 arranging such a
Each wore designations on his lapels and the fnendly splnt whlcb prevailed did much to bring surg-eons in closer co·operation.
Many items of interest to the Brigade were discussed different .view points "vere expressed on subjects which mixed classes, the co-operation between count): and surge.ons, suggestions for fjlm representatIOn of ordinary first aid f9ethods and a library of such films, to name but a fe>'.
Follo\\' ing the tea was served in the Chapter Hall, and many avaded themselves of the occasion to tour St. John's Gate before returning to their respective homes.
Some 1SO members attended the fifth All-England A.R.P. course held in London on October 3rd and 4th under tI:,e Chairmanship of Dr. W. C. Bentall, O.B.E.; Staff Officer A.R.P.
The Chairma.n oper:ed the course by welcoming the members and by 1l1form1l1g them that over 1 100 instructors had been trained. He welcomed 'also Wing Commander P. J. Hodsoll (Home Officer A.R.P.).
Comma.nder H?dsoll thanked the Brigade for the great help had gIven and congratulated all concerned on the holdmg of .A.R.P courses. The training school at J?alfield was turmng out 80 instructors per month, whIch he hoped to mcrease to 120 by Christmas, but. t?e Bngade could .greatly assist the Home Office by trammg the personnel m advance of the official training. He would want about one million employed on A R. P. \\ ork and should the occasion arise, which God forbid, he was sure he could rely upon the Brigade to do their part.
Sir Percival Wilkinson, in the absence of the Chief Commissioner, in thanking Commander Hodsoll said his presence the Order of St. John that the Home Office work of the Brigade and that the work was bemg carned on the right lines.
Course then officially commenced with a visit to a mobIle Gas Chamber, after which the usual procedure of these courses was carried out.
Once again Mr. Joe Grossman (British International PIctures, gathered around him Film, Stage and for the Saturday evening concert. This soc1al functlOn was greatly appreciated and does so much to cement the friendship made at these courses. was a very full day, but the keenness and enthUSIasm shown by the members gave the organisers
a f,eeling of atisfacl!Ol1 of hav ing arranged omething whIch members wanted.
Dr. the last lecture by thanking' the members ior theIr ll1lerest and forbearance' his colleagues (Capt. A, e. 'White Knox, M.e., 1\1.D.; Officer C. Bo\\-er, Corps upts. E. W. Jack on and L. R. Allum), who had a sisted with the lecturing; and lat but not least, those \\ ho had worked behind the scenesthe and hi a SI tant, )'Iajor P. G. Darnl-Snllth, C.B.E.; and )'1r. II. J. \Yriggleworth.
Corps upt: C. H. Pear on (Alcle r 'hot) on behalf (d the member \'olced a yote of thank' to the Chairman and his happy band of \\ orkers. Lady Dlstnct Officer Mi Port.er (l?olton) seconded the proposition, which \\ as earned WIth acclamation.
The next course will be held on Tovember 21 t and 22nd, and any member \\ ho \\ i hes to attend hould make early application to his DIstrict Comll1i siOller.
No. I \ Princ e of W a les's ) Dis t rict.
On Thursday, October 1st, members, representing many yea.rs' senice to the Brigade, assembled at IIeadquarter tor presentation of Service :\Iedal and Bar by the Commissioner, Capt. \V. Goodley, 11.C. 66 medals and 77 bars were distributed two officer receiving fourth bars. They were Corp Warren, A.R.P. Officer, and Lady Div. Supt. 11rs. Simp on, Ley ton and Leytons to ne Nursing Division.
After congratulating those who had received medals, and t.hanking them for their service, the Commissioner the origins of the Service l1edal, and emphaSised the fact that the medal was not purely for length of service, but for conspicuously valuable service to the Order of St. John.
The No. 1 District Ins lost, through retirement, a member whose servIces have covered nearly 50 years, and whose presence f 1'Om District functions will be greatly missed.
We ref e r to our dear old friend District Officer hute Barrington Piers, known to thousands not only in London but also visitors 1rom the province.
In 1887 he obtained his First Aid Certificate and being an enthusiastic cyclist joined the Cyclist of the then Metropolitan Corps. In 1893 he became Sergeant in Stores in 1895 Asst. Superintendent, and m 1897 Supermtendent 01 Stores which position he held until his r eti rement.
Space will not permit giving full details of Mr. Piers' excellent contribution to the Brigade, but certain items stand out. He is the holder of the South African War 11cdal, .for trair:-ing and members of the Brigade for active servIce; the Serv1ce Medal and five Bars the King Edward and King George Coronation Medals: In 1897 he was admitted to the Order of St. John as Serving Brother being promoted to Officer in 1928.
In 1909, owing to ill-health he was compelled to resign and as a token of regard and esteem members of No. 1 Dis t rict presented him with an illuminated address and a Silver. Tea Service 19 15, however, he was again back m harness and did yeoman work during the War,
recei.ving the Order's Vellum Vote of Thanks for his servIces.
In September 1936 he was placed OJl the Brigade H.eserve and has now retired to Hastings where he wi ll be able to carry Ollt his hobbies-bowls and gardening.
A I D. 87
amount of work the Brigade would be called upon to do during the Coronation Celebrations next year. He congratulated Asst. Commissioner \tVarren on the turn out and was sure his Area \vould uphold the record it already holds.
o. 108 (EUSTON) DIVISIOX.-A course of lectures in "First Aid to the Inj ured," commenced at the iVhitfield Institute, Tottenham Court Road, early this month. Amb. Officer F. \tV. Edwards, 51, Duckett Road, N.4, can supply any information required.
No. III. District.
The Annual Church Parade of the Birmingham County was held at Birmingham Parish Church on Sunday, October 4th, and was attended by about 600 members. The parade was under the command of Captain J. Henton \Vhite (County Commissioner), and the members marched to the church headed by the bands of the Brigade and the Tramways.
The members of the County Staff present were Colonel Si r Bertram Ford (A st. Commissioner), County urgeon E. W. Parsey, County Officers 'N. E. Ballard, G. E. Kingsnorth and E. Elliott, Lady County Supt. Mrs. F. Porter and Corps Officer J. E. 1Iatthe\\'s The Corp were in charge of Capt. J. E. Stone (" A "), Capt. e. \tV. Price (" B "), Capt. H. E. Cooper (" C ") and :'lrs. T. Oliver Lee (Kursing).
Tho e present included Lady Ford, Lady Rafter the Chief Constable of Birmingham and 1\1rs Moriarty, Colonel Broderick and l\Irs. Broderick, Col. Houghton, Lieut.-Col. F. H. Lawrence and )'1rs. Lawrence, Lieut.Col. A. \V. \\ ' ard-\Valker, )'Iajor H. Armishaw and Mrs. Armishaw, Capt. J. C. Piggott and Piggott, and Councillor 'V. J. Dalton and :'lrs Dalton.
The Les on was read by Col. Sir Bertram Ford, and an add res was giyen by the Rector of Birmingham. After the sen'ice the salute \"as taken in Square by the County Commissioner.
,\t the time of writing the e note we Jearn that l1r. Pier i in ho pital at t. Leonards -o n - ea to undergo a minor operatIOl1. \Ve are -ure hi many friend will wi h him peedy reconry anel that together \"ith )'Ir Piers he "...·ill long he spared to live a life of happy retirement and enjoy <:rood health.
\tVESTERN AREA.-The Commemoration of The Blessed Gerard was celebrated on Sunday, October 4th, when some 300 members of the \t\ 'es tern Area attended the Priory Church.
Asst. Commissioner S. J. Warren was in charge assisted by District Officer F. Claridge, whilst Lady Distric Officer Robinia, Viscounte s 110untgarret, was in charge of the Nurses
Those present at the Service included Sir Percival Wi lk inson (Secretary -Gene ra l), and La d y Wilk inson, Co lo nel J. T. W oo l ryc h Pe rowne, 1\1r. H W. Fi nc ha m District Officer Green and Mrs. Green and others
The Rev. Pennington Bickford conducted the Service, an inspi ring sermon being given by Canon J. A. DOlJO'la , Ph D., B.D (a Chap lain of the Order), who took for his texts "Through the Gate called Beautiful," and <. His servants shall serve and they shall see his face "
Fo ll owing the ervice, Sir Percival Wilkinson inspected the parade and complimented the members on thei r smart appearance He ref erred to the enormous
No. V.
On Sunday, September 27th, the annual inspection of the South Eastern Area of o. 5 Di trict was held on Doncaster Town Moo r. 1\lrs. Kirby, of Denaby Main, who is 88 and the oldest serving member in the Area was on parade and received the congratulations of the Inspecting Officer, Commi sioner S VV 1\Ialkin.
There were on parade 1,580 including 1,166 ambulance, 286 nursing and 128 cadet personnel. District Officer Still was in charge, assi ted by District Officer Bunting, Corps Officer B. J. Carr (adj utant), Corps Supt. J. Allcock (orderly officer)
The Commissioner who was accompanied by Asst. Commissioner Dr. J. Huey and Lady District Officer 11rs. M A Pickering, took the salute at the march past which followed the inspection, and presented service medal bars to Supt. W . V Simpkins (third), Sergt. L. Johnson and Co r pl. B Pendleb u ry (first) all of l1exborough Division.
Mr. Malkin addressing the Q'athering said it was a pleas u re to him to see the parade and to shake the hand of t h ei r o lde t member, Mrs Kirby. He congratulated the Thorne Town Division on winning the "Else" Trophy fo r the most efficient Division in the District. He was p leased to know that Hatfield was taking a more lively inte r est in amb u lance work, and he congratulated its two office r s upon the backbone they v,'e re puttin o - into that Division To h elp forward that reviva l Dr. Hart, one of
86 P 1 l S'f A IL).
FIRST
their Diyisional Surgeons, had that afternoon offered two indiyidual prizes for the best man and the best woman in the ne"dy-formed Diyision.
Their parade that day was a record for the Area. He was particularly pleased with their alignment, their uniforms were well kept and their general bearing was all that he could desir e.
Cheers were giyen for the Commissioner before the parade was di mi sed.
The llayor and Mayoress (Councillor and Mrs. T. H. Johnson) and 11r. R. H. Hepworth, President of the Doncaster S.J.A.A., were among tho e present.
MALTBY.-The Earl of Scarbrough (Sub-Prior of the Order) pres ented nearly 200 awards to members of the Maltby Corps last month.
Corps Supt. R. Young presided, supported by County Surgeon E. E. Dufty, Corps Surgeon J. J. D. aismith and Mrs. aismith, Corps Officers D. Ro s , D. O. Evans, J. v\ 'bimpenny, J. Scattergood, and Lady Supt. Mrs. vVhim penny.
The annual report, presented by Secretary D. O. Eyans, showed that the membership was 138 of which 119 were uniformed. Twenty-eight members entered the A. R. P. examinations. In Road Patrol work 550 hours haye been put in and 24 cases treated.
Corps Supt. Young, introducing the Earl of Scarbrough, said his Lordship's presence showed that ambulance work was very near to his heart. At the Maltby Colliery the speaker intimated that there was an ambulance man to eve ry fiye workers.
The Earl of Scarbrough, who was received with great traced the history of the Order and gave figu.res wh1ch clearly showed the progress of the Brigade durmg the past 12 years. His lordship referred to the work carried out during the past year and also to that which the Brigade will be called upon to do next year.
Air Raid precautions was another item his lordship referred to.
Distributing the awards, the Earl of Scarbrough had a kindly word to all recipients.
On b.ehaI£ of the Corps members, his lordship made a to .Cc: rps Secretary Evans of a writing bureau, m apprecIatIOn of long and meritorious service.
A vote of thanks was accorded the Earl of Scarbrough on the proposition of Corps Su pt. Young and seconded by County Surgeon Dufty.
SHEFFIELD.-At the annual inspection of the Sheffield Corps, held last month, a demonstration of reserve work during a gas attack was included.
W. Malkin was the inspecting officer, Dlstnct SU,Pt. 11rs. Birkbeck, assisted by Lady DIstrict Officer .:'I1lss G. Ashberry, inspected the nurses.
350 me:nbers were on ,Parade but unfortunately heavy ram the curtallment of the programme.
Mr. .:'Ilalkm congratulated the members on their zeal a Service medal to CorpI. Capp and Service to Dlv. Supt. F. Philby ("D" Division), Amb. Officer C. E. Hallam, Sergt. L. A. Taylor and Staff Sergt. G. Walters.
The Mansfield Coll iery Diyision were succe sinl in the general efficiency test and the team te·t the placing-' being :-
General Efficiency: 1, 1ansficld, 193 mark; 2, Thoresby, 186; 3, Rufford, 180.
Team Te t: 1, iansfield, 96; 2, Bolsonr and Cre swell (tied), 91; 3, Clipstone, 90.
Sir Edward Ie 1archant a director of the 13olsover Company, presented two silver cups to l\1an field Colliery Division, and complimented the Corps on maintaining a hig-h standard of efficiency.
NEWCA TLE.-On Sunday, eptemher 27th) members and friends of the Tewcastle Divi ion held an ollting to Blackpool. A \'ery enjoyable day wa pent and among the party was Pte. C. impson who 'wa a ,"cry activc member before having the misfortune to 10 e a leg.
The trip \Va organi cd hy the Diy. Ston:kCLpcr, Pte. 1 Davies, leaving ewcastle hy 9.15 a.lll. and returningfrom Blackpool, after eeing the illuminations, at ewcastle about 3 a.m.
SU::\,DERLAl\1J.-About 120 officer, men and !1ur!:ol.'S paraded on Sunday, eptemlJer 13th, ior the anllual Church Parade of the unclerland Corp.
Those present included County OfficLr P. '. Blundell, Corps Surgeon C. R. orfield, Corp Supt. D. 1\ c.1 'o n and Supt. J. H. Jefferson (Eastern Di\"i ion), Supt. J. R. Jones ( orthern), Supt. J. S. Barra (ilksworth Colliery), Amb. Officer J. \\'. Colling (I1ellon-le-IIole) and Lady Div. Supt. 11rs. J. E. Waddell (nursing).
The parade assembled near Silk worth Colliery Inn and led by Silksworth Colliery Prize Band, under the (onductorship of 1\lr. W. Cowell, marched to t. .:'Ilauh \\ ':Church, where a sen ice was conducted by the Re\". \\ '. Atkinson.
No. VIII. ( Duke of Connaught's) District.
ADDIS COMllE.-Th e new Austin Ambulance of the Addiscombe Division recently carried out a record journey of 937 miles.
A patient was removed from Eastbourne to Scotland and the doctor accompanying the case praised all concerned with the carrying out of such a long journey.
EASTBoURNE.-Owing to rain the inspection of the Eastbourne Division took place in the Drill Hall where Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher (Surgeon-in-Chief) carried out a detailed inspection which included stretcher gas-mask and artificial respiration drill. '
Supt. Barnage, assisted by Amb Officers Boniface and Sauter, was in charge of the men and boy cadets whilst Lady Div. Dr. Daphne Dear and Lad; Supt. Mrs. Budd were 111 charge of the nurses and girl cadets.
Dr. Corbet Fletcher was accompanied by District H. J. Wrigglesworth, Div. Surge-oDs Drs. S. WIlhams and F. Fenton, whilst those present included the Mayor (Ald. Miss Thornton) Mrs. Charles Taylor Mrs. Sydney Smith, Miss Smith, Miss Serrena and othe;s.
No. VI. District.
BOLsovER.-The annual competitions of the Bolsover Colliery Corps were held on September 19th at Edwinstowe. There were nearl;Y 600 members on pamde,
FIR
ward. He always liked to see the complete St. John family-Pa, ;.,ra, ::\1ary and John-and they had got it in Eastbourne. IIe re f erred to the Coronation celebrations of next year and also air raid precautions instruction.
F \\'E RSIfX\I.-Conlmis inner E. A. Richards carried out an inspection of the Fa\'ersham Ambulance and Dl\ isiolls on unday,. eptemher 20th. He was accompanied by Lord Harris, the :Mayor of Faversham (Councillor F. \V. Farrant), District Officers Potts ancl II. ]. \\'rigglesworth, Lady District Supt. Mrs. Falwasser, and Di\ tlfg-eOll Doctor T. \V. Herclman Porter. lIPt. urling \\ as in command of the parade.
IIarri \\'a also present accompanied by the :'Ia)"ore ·· Farrant) and Mis ::\Iorri (i\Iatron, Cottag-e Hospital ). The ommissioner. after carr) ing (Jut his inspection, aid he had C n lIfficiellt to C011\ ince him of thc cffi-
A I D. 89
WIITTSTABLE.-On the first flag day held by the Whitstable Division a grand total of £38 3s. 8d. was realised with a further £5 19s. in donations.
The proceedings of the" Flag Day II were concluded with a successful dance, where Mr. H. W. Cheasley presented awards gained at examinations.
Mr. Cheasley congratulated the Division on its progress. Three years ago there were only nine members but at the present time the membership was 27. The Brigade was doing notable work and was always ready to assist.
Amb. Officer S. Richards thanked Mr. Cheasley and appealed for further increases in membership.
Various prizes were given during the dance, and O"reat credit is due to the Divisional Social Committee, who organised ihe event, and to Mrs. Richards and Miss G. Harland for supervising the refreshments.
Northern Ireland (U lster )
District.
The Annual Meeting of the Brigade in Northern Ireland was held on Monday, October 5th, the Commissioner, .:'IIr. Ian Fraser, presiding.
There was a very large attendance, the lecture room of the Ul ter Joint Committee being packed. The Hon. SecretarY. ::\lr. A. VV. Mann submitted the annual report, showing - that the progress made in the had been maintained. The number of DIVISIOns had increased from se\"en ambulance and seven nursing in 1935 to ten each respectively in 1936.
Activities had also increased and members were con tantlv on public duty at Motor Car and Cycle RacesPicture Houses, Boxing. Contests. Football Matches, etc.
The. officer invested Mr. Charles S. Taylor, M.P., With hIS badge of office as Divisional President whilst the Mayor presented first year awards. '
Dr. Corbet Fletcher addressing _ the parade said he wa'S pleased to see that Eastbourne was still going for-
'i" of the Liverpool Central Ambulance Di\ ision with a combincd continuous service of 150 year. Includcd in the group are Private tephcn \V ood and ergl. Stephen \' "ood (fathcr a(',d son) both holders of th en' ice :'Ilctlal. The 'o n \\"a only 32 year of age when he recei\'ed his award and is beli \'cd to bc the younge t member l)f the Li\c,'poo! orrs to recei\"e this honour.
cienc), of the members. He knew they could be relied upon al\\ ay to uphold the honour of their Division.
After the parade had been clismis ed Lord and Lady Harris entertained the Commissioner, Mayor and l\Iayores , the officers and party to tea Other rank had tea in the cricket pavilion and Serg-t. Wright thanked Mr. and Mrs. Payne for making the arrangements.
OUTIIWICK.-The annual inspection of the Southwick qnd Shoreham Division was carried out by Asst. Commissione r D. Bryce on Sunday, October 4th.
The parade was under the command of Supt. W. G. Shelton and among those present was Mr. E. T. Springate, M.B.E. (President of the Division), who obtained his first aid certificate in 1894.
After drill and first aid work Mr. Bryce congratulated the Division on its increase in numbers. They had keen officers. He referred to the importance of the Brigade in the event of air raids.
Mr. Springate thanked the Assistant Commissioner.
The Commissioner appealed for a continued and increasing- interest in Air Raid Precautions. They had offered their sen'ices to the Ministry in Torthern Ireland, which had been acepted. and members would be required in staffinO" the \'arious Fir t Aid Posts and Gearing and Ba e Volunteers were asked for those who could attend the monthly courses of instruction in London.
The Treasurer's report showed a credit balance of £27 13s. 7d. On the motion of Mr. D. Parker, seconded hv The Ven. Archdeacon Shirley, the Secretary's and Treasurer's reports were adopted.
At the conclusion of the Meeting a very interesting and instructive lecture on Blood Transfusion with a film illu tration was gi \,en by Doctors Greene and Innes of the Roval Victoria Hospital, Belfast.
A - hearty vote of thanks was conveyed to the lecturer, the Commissioner promisinO" that he hoped to ha\'e similar lectures given during the coming winter.
Mr. E. Pottinger, the handbell entertainer, received a magnificent reception at a concert given recently at Marlow, Essex.
On Thursday, October 1st, Div. Surgeon A. W. Paterson presented awards to members of the Droitwich Spa Division, S.].A.B. The Division had a 100 per cent. pass.
When you write to any of our Advertisers kindly mention FIRST AID. It dosen 't cost you anything and it pleases the Advertisers , and Us -
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The Anti -Gas School, Falfield.
By l\lAJoR A. TE:-\;\fYSOAT S?IITH, 1\1.D., C.l\ I.
IF anyone who has the pr ivilege of attending this school thinks he is going to have a joy ride when there, he will receive a shock and a rude awakening even if he holds an A R P Grade 1 Certificate, for he will find that the course is exhaustive and very intensive, necessitating his burning the midnight oil or land a very early cup oE. tea so that he may get in an hour's good work before breakfast, if he wishes to secure that much desired First Class I nstructor's Certificate afte r his exams at the end of the fortn ight.
At the same time the instruction is passed on in such an instructive, illuminating and interesting manner, not only by the officer staff, each of whom is a highly trained expert specialist, but also by the sub instructors, themselves experts, that the student feels his time is being most profitably spent in trying to master the details of the work.
The subject matter of the course is that outlined in A.R.P. Handbook No.1, given, of course, in detail, and in some parts in greater detaii, depending on the role that the students will take in their fu tu re A. R. P. work. For instance} in the course I attended, a good deal of time was spent on Chemical War Gases, their physical properties, sym ptoms and treatmen t, in protection and the running of Decontamination Centres. The Respirator was our constant companion, and woe betide the candidate who presented himself for examination without a very detailed knowledge of all pertaining to it-including its drill, its care and repai r-his chance of a First Class Certi ficate was very small.
The method of training is an essential feature
The Staff beiieve in teaching not only by the intellect, but also through the senses of the eye , the ear, the nose, etc. It is not a question of a succession of lecture after lectu reo Each lectu re lasts almost -i of an hour and is followed by a demonstration on the same subject, either in the Lab. Theatre or on the Range, almost 100150 acres in extent situated around the buildings, or both. \ Vork beg i ns at 9.15 and officially ends at 4.30 p. m , with an interval ot an hour for lunch Then tea, and perhaps, or perhaps not, a walle Tennis hard courts were in the act of formation when we were there, but had not been finished. The student finds that the rest of the evening, bar for dinner, is fully occupied in assimilating the work taught during the day, and in revision. '
Outdoor demonst r ations and work on the Range are most instructive. Take a typica l
example : the recognition and detection of \ i\Tar Gases. The c lass assembles, say at 12 noon, on the Terrace , each student w ith his resp i rato r haversack at " The A lert " - in all outdoor work the respirator is carried - and goes on the Range led by the O.C.
A sme ll , that of H S. Substitute " You need not wear respirators here, we are windward. Just step back a few paces and watch how 1\1 r Cummins locates and marks out the area of contamination," which he does by means of "ycllow paint" on the end of a long stick - one notes and wi 11 not forget. Then on agai n for abou t 1 mile when bombs go off on our leftand weareall agog, but nothing is detected for we are windward of the concentration A few steps more, however, and we are in it, this time Phosgene, and most of US are so keen in recognising the smell that wc forget respirators till we see the O c. adjusting his, when we follow suit. Another lesson not to be forgotten, i.e., get on your respirator at once, and proceed with the detection of the gas afterwards. Experz'entz'a docet, etc. Then two or tb ree are a ked " \ i\That is that gas?" Having smelt it bcfor from ,I sniffing bottles" the answers on the whole are correct. On again, the respirators being removed as soon as we get away from that COIlcentration.
Another lot of born bs, and later on another lot, and one notes the red flash, the fragment of the container, hurtling through the air; the cloud of droplets rising and being carried do\\ n wind and the resulting ground contamination. for now we are deal ing with persisten t gases, K. ,K. in the case of the first lot, and H.S. ubstitute in the second. There is, I assure you, no delay on the part of anyone in adjusting respirators, but even then, as we are a bit downwind, a few have smarting eyes from K.S.K, before those respirators are on, or, perhaps, one did not blowout hard enough to free the clear space between respirator and face. Still we have learned the lesson which again we will never forget. Then follows the visua( inspection-thc crater, the grass contamination around it, the lesser contamination down"vind, the contamination on the turf and on the drive caused not only by the droplets but also by the torn up sods.
Another day. The dressing, wearing, and undressing of protective clothing, a regular ritual. Incidentally, one learns that the wearing of this said protective clothing is arduous.
Anothe r day. The routine work of a Decontamination Centre, again a regular ritua l , and, of course, the" Gas Chamber" figures largely. It was all most interesting and enjoyable but for the thought of those beastly exams, the thought of which gave us all "needles and cold feet." I rathe r stress th is poi n t as it shows how desiro u s each one was to pass , a nd to be a credit to St. John.
FIRST
Everything that cou ld be done for our instruction and for our bodi l y, if not mental co m fort, was done by the entire staff who never seemed to consider anything too much trouble . At our course, all but one were serv:lI1ts of St. John, and one felt a pride in being associated with a lot of such genial but hardworking men, and if we did have a bit of a roisterous evening after the exams, when we had the honour of havin a the O.C . and his fellow officers to dinner with us, wel l , work was done, the examinations were over and the tension gone r sou nd en th usiastic I am. It was a marvellous course that I would not have missed for anythinO', for A. \vork gO,t crystallised in one's mind, and III my 0plnlOn, the more one knowns of the subject before proceeding to Falfielcl the more knowledge will one come away with.
\Vhat troubles us now is material. All the material necessary for practici ng was at hand at Falfield. \Ve are now supposed to teach others with no material at all wherewith to instruct and train, but wc live in hope
Pioneep s of Medicin e.
J. 1860-1936.
TilE great English physiologist, who died recently after an e:\.traordinar\, career, achieved fame as a result of discoverie having an important bearing on the health of workers. IIc also threw new 1ight on the ph )'siology of breath i ng, and made an original contribution to biological physiology. H is son, J. B. Haldane, is known the world over for his work on genetics. The physiologist, John cott Haldane, was the brother of the late Lord Haldane, the famous statesman and U niversity reformer.
Born and educated 111 E linburgh, J S. Haldane spent the greater part of his life at Oxford University He started there as laboratory master in physiology chemistry, and immeriiatel y directed h is researches towards the protection of workers. He discovered that carbon ic acid was the worst enemy of the m i ner, and invented a method of detecting the presence of t his gas His report on the causes of death among victims of m i ne exp los ions or connagrat ions was trans lated into several l anguages and forms the basis of the precautions adopted a ll over the world aga i nst these dangers
He a lso studied miners' anaemia and phthis is , the effects of in m i ne workings, the ven til ation of mines, the ca u ses of overheat i ng and spontaneous com b ustion of coal, and respir-
ato r y appa ratus for rescuers in mining disasters. He invest igated, too, the ravages caused by metallic dust, such as silica, and the condition as m iners' nystaamus Divers and workers In b caissons owe increased safety and better worklllg condit ions to the system of graduated decompression invented by Haldane, which makes it possible to work under water-refloating sunken ships, for example - at depths never before attained.
The men of the British Army and Navy have Haldane to thank fo r healthier living quarters, better food, more rational uniforms and more scien tific train i ng methods I t was Haldane, too, who prescribed the use of oxygen in the treatment of gas poisoning.
Haldane spent the last months of his life in I raq and I ran studyingsu nstroke and its prevention His work in the field of physic logy proper was no less remarkable. He revolutionised the techniq ue of anal ysi ng gases in the atmosphere. He demonstrated that breathing is regulated by variations in the carbonic acid (not, as formerly supposed, in the oxygen) content of the arterial hlood. Carbon ic acid reacts, by an extraordinarily del icate mechanism, on the respiratory centre of the rachidian bulb situated between the marrow of the spi ne and the brain. This discovery completel y transformed the earl ier theories as to the effects of muscular work on breathing. In the course of a scientific expedition to Pike's Peak in Colorado, Haldane stud ied the effects on himself of acclimatisation to high altitudes, and sought means of enabl ing airmen to attai n the upper strata of the atmosphere without danger . \ Vhile still an undergrad uate, Haldane revealed a philosophic bent. In collaboration with his brother, Lord Haldane, he wrote in 1883 the Essays of PIzz'losoplzual C1'1.licz'sm. This was followed by a series of works on the philosophy of science, with particular emphasis on biology. The last of these was published in 1935. For Haldane, the hypothesis of a vital force and the invocation of a simple mechanism are equally i nadeq uate He considered that biology and psy(:hology are much vaster than chemistry and physics.
Haldane served humanity well, as much by his discoveries - which have- improved working conditions and saved innumerable lives-as by his contributions to science and philosophy His name wi l l be for eve r identified with industria l medicine, phys iology and b iology
The Table II of War Gases w hich appeared in our August, 1935 issue, can be had in page form at the nominal charge of 2/-. per 50, post free. Applications should be sent, together with remittance, to " First Aid," 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4.
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Rat/way A nzbztlance News.
Gredt Western.
HONoURs.-As a result of recommendations made by the Great 'Western Railway Central Ambulance Committee, Mr. J. R. 1{orris, Div. Supt., Chester, and 1\1r. W. E. Baines, Div. Loco. Supt., Tewport, have been selected as Serving Brothers of the Order of t. John of Jerusalem. Both these gentlemen have been prominently associated with the ambulance movement over a long period of years and have been instrumental in fostering the acquisition of first aid knowledge among the staff of their respective Divisions . They have also closely associated themselves with the various functions in connection with the movement.
In addition the following members of the staff have been admitted as Serving Brothers of the Order in recognition of exceptional services to the movement :-Mr. L. G. Bretsch, Loco. Dept., Swindon (Div. Ambulance Secretary); Mr. C. J. Spiller, Traffic Dept., Tondu; 11r.
J. A. E. Price: Loco. Dept., Ebbw Junction; 11r. J. T.
Read, Traffic Dept., Kidwelly; ::\1r. S. J ames, Traffic Dept., Carmarthen; Mr. W. A. Rowe, C.M.E. Dept., eath; NIr.
E. Brian, Traffic Dept Glyn Neath; 1\1r. C. H. Clark. Traffic Dept., V..,r ellington, Som.; Mr. E. R. Wingfield, Engineering Dept., Plymouth North Road; Mr. W. G. Goode, Traffic Dept., Ealing Broadway; Mr. W. J. Vaughan, Chargeman Examiner, Carmarthen.
Mr. G. A. Burgess, late Locomotive Department, Old Oak Common, has been promoted from the grade' of Serving Brother to that of officer in the Order.
NEWPORT HIGH of 100 awards were presented at the annual dinner of the Newport High Street ambulance class, which took place at Fearis's Cafe on September 28th, and was presided over by Mr. W. E. Baines, President of the class. The Chairman commented on the fact that of the 7,520 successful students throughout the line last year, 700, or nearly 10 per cent., were from ewport Divisions. A number of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 year gold efficiency awards were the Deputy Mayor of ewport, Mr. RIchard DaVIes. Mr. S. Tyrwhitt, Assistant Loco. Supt., and Mr. E. Stibbs, Asst. Traffic Supt., presented examination awards. Dr. S. McCormac, Commissioner for Newport, proposing the toast of the class, said that it had contributed to the Newport St. John Ambulance Brigade three corps officers, including the present commanding officer and the ex-commanding officer, another staff officer, two or three divisional officers, three sergeants and four corporals, but he was like Oliver Twist, still asking for more. He would like first aid taken as a scholastic subject, for he considered the teaching of first aid would be a general benefit. Presentations were made during the evening to Dr. W. Verner, class lecturer, and Messrs. C. H. Hopkins and W. T. Lewis, and secretary .. Mr. A. G. E. C. Fudge, Deputy CommlsslOner of the Pnory for Wales, was among the guests.
SWINDON.-The annual general meeting of the Swindon Works class was held at the Co-operative Hall
on September 13th, and was presided over by Mr. F W. Hawksworth, Assistant to the Chief Mechanical Engineer. The annual report presented by Mr. L. G. Bretsch, Divisional Secretary, showed that the total number of successful students was 309, an increase of 27 onr the previous year's figure. It \\as interesting to Jearn that a large number of member were attached to the t. John Ambulance Brigade, and that at hort notice, man) of them had volunteered to travel long distances by train to supervise the conveyance and comfort of surgical and medical cases to home and hospital. The home nuring- classes had also been \vell supported. The report included the names of six members who had been a\\ ardcd the Company's gold medal for 15 years' efficiency, two the 20 year bar, and three the Quarter Century medal. Reference was also made to the recent a\vard of the \ ellum Yote of Thanks of the 0 rder of t. John to 1\1r. E. 11. Lev\ is of the Carriage and Vlagon Department in recognition of exceptional services lo the movement.
The election of officers for the forthcoming session was made, Mr. J. Auld, Principal Assi tant to Chief Mechanical Engineer, being again appointed a Chairman, and Dr. R. B. Hick, lecturer.
london, Mid land a nd Scottish.
COMMERCIAL ROAD.-A very pleasant evening was spent recently by a large number of the slaff and their wives at a Smoking Concert, at which were present W. O. Davies, Mr. Milburn and Mr. Binks.
a few remarks regarding the first aid work 011 the statlOn, Mr. Eaton asked Mr. W. O. Davies to make the presentation of Ambulance award, \vhich were:Silver Challenge Cup with ilver 11edallion-:i\Ir. VV. Sumpter. Silver 1\ledallion for Runner-up--t,Ir. A. Winfield. Also Bronze Medallions and Bronze Labels to fifteen competitors.
The toast of the Company was proposed by Mr. W. J. Eaton M1'. W. O. Davies in a short snappy speech ably responded to the toast.
DUl\TJ)EE (WEsT).-The No. 1 Team have been successful in winning the "President's" Cup-the Blue Riband of Scottish Ambulance-thus taking the trophy t<? Dundee W. for the first time. This success has proVIded the fimshmg touch to a remarkable season during which both the Senior and Junior teams have won many trophies.
The members take a keen interest in First Aid work and Brigade C?mmandant, W. A. Nicoll, with 43 years' ambulance serVlce, sets an excellent example by being just as keen as a first year member.
GLOUCEsTER.-A feature of the annual competition for the "Dr. Gee" Cup organised by the combined ambu lance coq>s, was that the winning team obtain ed
maxImum points . The case with which the learns had to deal was treatment 0 [ a man who had apparently attempted to commit suicide hy throwing himself off a eli fC. The resulls were-I. Team "A," 220 marks. 2. Team "B." [ndividual prizes were won by A . Allison, T. Evan and A. G. Jones, who gained 20, 18 and In mark respectiycly, out of a total of 20.
LUTO'l.-The first dinner of the L.:\1.S. and L.N.E. amhulance class and staff was held on September 12th, the arrangemcnts for which v,.:erc made by M r. H. Preston and 11r. A. J. Keech.
:\lr. F. vVlles presented the awards, which consisted of 3 certificates, 2 ,"ouchers, 2 medallion and 17 labels.
.:\ OTTl:\GII \\1.- The ottingham Loco. Team were ucccssful in winning the competition held on September 27th in connection with the Rai1waYl11cn's Ambulance League, scoring- a total of 139 points.
distribution of awards took place at a I1wklng concc;rt recently, at \\ hieh the Deputy :i\1ayor, Coullcillor .::\1. Fairhur t) and r.lr. c. \V. \Vood, Di trict --'ccretar), were amongst those present.
Thl! Chairman, R. Parr, stated that the 1935-6 ' e iOll had been one of the hest for many years and paid special tribute to the cIa s lcctur r, Dr. J. A. Elliott. Approximatel) 100 candidates had successfully sat for examinations.
Councillor Fai rhur t dl "tributed the following awards :-5 certificates, 8 \ouchers, -+ medallions and 63 lahel Gold :\leclaJ " for 15 ycar service to Messrs. W. Barber, II. Hurro\\ s, \\'. Fa\\ edt, II. A. Gaskell, J. Greenough, 'vV. Kearsley, 1'. Jolley, R. Parr, F. \\-. Roberts, R. ilcock, T. imm, A. Taberner. Gold Bar for 2S year' service, :i\Ir. R. Banks. Gold Bars for 30 year' ervicc: :\Ic rs. T. Brown, J. Ormisher, H. Potter. G. J. \Vood.
smoking concert wa held on eptember 15th when S6 students received awards for uccesses in the l\Iarch examination.
11r. P. L. Gold presided, supported by Messrs. G. H. Atkinson, R. Jones and Mr. Marriott, of Messrs. John 1\larston, L td.
In making the presentations Mr. Gold spoke of the excellent results achieved. He paid tribute to the splendid work of the lecturer, Dr. T. C. Wilson, the instructor 1\1r. H T. \ Villiams and secretary, 1\1r. F. Humphreys,' and presented them with gifts on behalf of the class. Gold bars for long service were presented to F. B. Coley, 25 years; R. Clayton, F. G. J acksol1, 30 years; W. W Burton and H. T. Williams, 35 years, and 13 first year certificates were distributed.
london and North Eastern.
N EWCASTLE - The ann u al presentation of awards to members of the Newcast l e Ce n t r a l Station amb ul ance
Atn. 93
class was held on October 1st, when nearly 200 attended. Inspector J. Butler, Chairman of the Class, presided. Mr. W. A. Fiddian (District Supt.) presented the class individual competition prize to 1\lr. M. Athey. 1\1r. S. Cooper, General Ambulance Secretary, presented Gold Medals and Bars, including one for 35 years to Mr. J. Butler. Mr. Cooper said that the North Eastern Area was making considerable progress, but he was aiming at getting 3,000 students.
On behalf of the class, Mr. H. A. Butcher, Newcastle stationmaster, presented Dr. W. Pallett, lecturer to the class, with a travelling case subscribed for by the members. 1\1r. Butler said that the class had had a successful year. They had won the Newcastle District competition and were runners-up at the Area competition at York. The general awards were presented by :\lrs. Fiddian
l\1IDDLESBROUGH.-The Midd1esbrough team, with 67 points, won the i\liddlesbrough District ambulance competition at Greatham recently. The successful competitors were Messrs. M. Dovan, H. Almond, L. Taylor, and J. A . Knight.
Sa1tburn were second with points, and West Hartlepool third with 60 Dr. Russell, of \Vest Hartlepool, was the judge.
Metropolitan line (london Transport)
orne 150 members and friends attended the presentation of Examination and Special Awards at the Baker Street Offices on Tuesday, September 29th.
Under the Chairmanship of 1\1r. G. Hally, Operating i\lanager (Railways), the meeting opened with a talk on "The \iVork of the Order," by Mr. E. A. Richards, of the outhern Railway, who gan the members present an interesting journey through the ages to the present time; also" things to come."
Mr Hally then presented the awards with his usual smile and encouraging words to each recipient.
The number of examination a"'ards presented were :-23 Certificates, 10 Vouchers, 15 "l\Iedallions and 103 Labels Three Special Certificates for the Furtherance of First Aid amongst the staff were given and three further certificates for the most efficient cases of First Aid during the year.
The meeting closed with votes of thanks being accorded Mr Richards, the Chairman (Mr. Hally) and the Cent r e Secretary-Mr. J. A Gravestock.
N ELSON.-St. J ohn u r sin15 and Cadet Divisions held a social on Saturday, October 10th, when awards gained in the recent examinatio n s were d istrib u ted by l\lrs . ] Portlock a n d M r s E. l organ. The n u rsing division made a p r esentat ion to u rse M a r y Lewis on the occasion of her m a rr iage.
SOCIAL EVENT S.- The attention of the general public to your needs can be attractively arranged by purchasing copies of the Poster advertised in this Joumal for your Social and all other activities. Samples will be sent on request.
92 FIR S 'f AID.
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latest in Resuscitation.
By , VILHELl\I HAASE - LAMPE, D ire c to r , Draeg erwerk , Lu beck .
A - T OF THE T
ONGUE.
IN cases of a p pa r ent d eath or s u spe n de d b reat hin g, the patient's tong u e lies ro lled u p o n the epig lo tt is (except ions observed with ep ilepti cs). It mu st b e removed from this position in o rder to give the ai r free access to the windpipe If this r emova l is omitted the patient while t reated by a r t ificia l breathing (no matter wh ich method) wi ll suffo cate Fou r methods of treating t he tongue a r e recommended to-day for the layman :-
1. Pulling out the t ong u e wi t h the fi n ge rs (with a cloth being wrapped around) and ty in g it fast to the chin.
2. Pulling out the tongue as under 1 and fastening it between two small ba r s tied together on either side
3. Pulling out the tongue as under 1 and fastening it by means of a cloth p ut ove r t h e mouth angles .
4. Pulling out the tongue as under 1 and fastening it by means of a safety pi n , on a cloth tied over the chin.
Since 1924, another method has been t r ie d at mine rescue work in Ge r maIlY, sugges t ed by surgeon - major - general D r. Milner who app li ed i t during the war, at the tongue treatment of asphyx ia patients from gas attacks. After opening the jaws and clearing the mouth the patient's head w ill be turned sideways, possibly to a r ight angle. The tongue falling sideways down from the e p iglottis makes free a slit sufficient to afford f r ee passage for the air for artificial respi ration .
Dr. Milner's me t hod proved to be good. Now it is generally applied at first aid ope r at io ns In Germany and unive r sally taught and fo llo wed by all rescue organisations
B -CARBON DIOXIDE ADDITION
Since 1926, the following q u est ion is de alt with in theory and practice of resuscita ti on :- I s it usefu l , useless, or i njurious to add 5 pe r ce nt. o f carbon diox ide to the inhalat ion a i r durin g ar t ifici a l respiration, as recommended by H e n derso n and Haggard in co - operati o n with Ha ldane? Th e character of this proceeding is st ill a p r o bl e ma t ic one It is disputed by Nicloux, Ro st, Th ie l , Vossenaar and Mij n lieff.
In Centra l European rescue o r g an is ations, it has not yet me t with genera l a pproval. The
probl e matical n at u r e of t he m et h od des tr oyed t h e fa ith i n it.
Th e r e a r e expe ri e nc es, however, i n G e r ma n r esc u e pr a c t ic e, prov i ng t h e u sef uln ess of ca rb on di oxide add itio n also i n cases of suspende d b reat hin g.-Ext r act from a lect u re given at the fourth Int e rn at io n a l Cong r ess for Life av i ng and Fi rst A id in C ases of Acc ident.
Posters for Publicity.
FOLLOWI:\TG the request of many users a new sIze h as been i nt rod u ced in the 'tock Posters advert ise d in this Journal. In addition, owing to i n creased demands, we have been able to reduce s li ghtly t h e price of the small poster from 2/ 6 to 2/ 3 pe r dozen, post free .
The n ew size is a double-crown, which measures 30 in. by 20 in., and we feel sure users wi l l find this a very acceptable size, and the price (3 / 3 per dozen, post free) very reasonable
The three sizes now available are : Large, 40 in by 23 in ; Medium, 30 in, by 20 in. ; mall, 20 in . by 12 in; the prices being 4/-, 3, 3 and 2 3 per dozen, post free, respecti vel y.
Remittances and orders should be sent to Dale, Reynolds & Co., Ltd .. 46, Can non Street, London, E C.4.
Practical Points.
T he Editor inv i tes Notes on actua l Cases-with special reference to good and bad poiots in T reatment-fo r inclusion m this Column.
DANGERS OF Tov-EvES.
Mothers of young children would do well to examine the eyes of toy animals and dolls.
My little girl was playing with a toy rabbit. Hearingthe sound of choking- her grandmother rushed to her and was in time to prevent her from swallowing one of the eyes fitted into the toy,
It was fitted with a pointed spike that would have done serious damage had it been swallowed.
Since then I have examined all glass eyes of my child's toys. My husband pulls them out if they are loose and inks the eyes in, or I darn them in. -M. T. (Grantham).
Every penny spent on advertising creates prestige, standing and reputation for the firm that spends it. It may not be discernable in immediate results , but the effect is certain and the power cumulative.
Przory for Wales.
CIIl ReII PARADE AT PONTYPOOL of the Pontypool Corps numbering- 300 strong attended servi:::e at the Tabernacle Bapti t Church on unda)', September 27th. The parade men, women and cadet, with Corp Supl. Fred 01elmes In charge.
Headed by the Pont ypool ;,\1 ilitary Band, the parade marched to the church where the Rev. Richard Rees, pastor, conducted the ervice. In the ('ourse of his address the pa tor maue special reference to the fine work accompli hed by the Brigade. , ".
Followin<y the sen' ice ounty Comml slOner S. T. Beard pre the following- sen ice medals bars: 'econd Bar Corrs ccretan _. T. :'Ilogford; F Irsl Bar, :\mbulance 'Officer J, Sen'ice :'.ledal, Surt. \V. :-' Iogford.
TREII \IHH'-,
The annual competitions promoted b! the Treharri DivisiDn were held on aturuay, September 19lh, when lZenflg Iiill LOred a double succc s. " ."
Nine team of 1111'n entered fDr the Dr. LeIgh Challenge 'up and fi\ c cadet tcams for the « \'. D. Clee" Cballenge ·up.
The rc ult were: ;\1en, 1, Kl'nllg IIill, -H9 tllnrks 2, Police, -H3; 3 Brecon Police, 401 k; of, Penygraig, .IX,; 5, Puntypool, 6, .\bertillery, ; -, Ffaldau, ; " Lady Le\\ is, 33 I lJ, Glyn-neath Pol tee, 2S :It - ndet", 1, Kenfig IIill, 202 marks; 2, Duffryn .\Illmanford, 1 ; 3, Ffaldau, 1bl of, .\bertillery 163 ; 5, !'IIaindy and Ea I ndi\ idual rrizes were also awarded to the proncient man in each posit ion, and these were won by (Jeorge Verrall, T. Berry and R. Verrall, of and J. Davies and ;\. Clee\'e of the i\ l onmouthshlre PolIce.
Cartain D. G, Richard " rre ided O\ er the pri.r.c dist ribulion.
[l'\SI'ECTIO:-l AT TREDEG .-lR
On aturday, eptel1l ber 19th, some sixty men t venty Cadets of the Trcdcgar Division attended the PresIdent's annual in p<'ction
The Pre ident, !\lr. v\'. D. \Vooley, J. P. (Illanaglng director Trede(Y,H Iron and Coal Co.), was accompanied by Capt. S'. T. B;ard, Counly Comllli sion.er Jor shire; Capt. ' ,Richards, :-\sst. Co 111 III IS lo_ner, Bed\\'ellt)' District; Stafr Ofllcer \\'. Penberthy, Corps Supt. j. Leach, Corps Secretary J Wilcox,. D.r. T. Davies and ;,\1r.
A. E. Cooke, Chairman, DJstnct Council Capl. S. T. Beard presented warrants of to Co r ps Secretary vVilcox and Ambu lance Officer 1. H. Evans whilst 1\1 r. \Vooley presented the meda s as second prize \:inners in t h e" l\1arlin" Shield to ll1 Tytrist Co ll iery team, a l so meda ls to Pochln Colliery J unIOrs for reaching t h e nnal of the" !\larlin " Shield competition.
Ofhcer E. Powell, who has bee n tran ferred to I\ arkham, where he is soon to be appointed superinte n dent, was p r ese n ted with a watc h as a memento o r ps S up t. Leach pr eser:te d Officer W.hitcombe with hi s ce r t ficate as inst r ucto r 111 a ir raid preca u tIOns (Grade 1 )
\VALES COLLIERIES J Ul'\lOR CO;\IPETITTONS.
The nrst competition for the "Boydell" shield for juveniles employed in the 10r th Wales Collienes took place last month, The shield, t!le gift of Mr. T. Boydell, H M. Senior Inspector of for the North Western District, is for annual competltton atllong youths who have only passed their first aid certi.ficates Medals for the winners and runners-up were prOVIded by the North \Vales Coal Owners ., Dr. Glynn Evans and Dr. Brook were the Judges, their placings being :-1, Llay marks; 2, LIay Hall No 1 144' 3 LIay Hall TO. 2, 140; 4, Gresford, 122 t; ., " B h 1121 8 PI S, Hafod, 116t; 6, !fton, 114 ; 7, ers am, '2';, as Power, 96t ; 9, Black Park, 89 . Col. Bromilow, managing director, Black Park Colliery, presented the shield and H e thanked B?ydell for his gift and his great consIderatIOn for the jU\'endes of the industry.
Mr. Boydell said it \,,' as a. pleasure the first junior ambulance competitIOn In .connectl?n. the collieries in North \Vales Forty years tn the mtntng tndustry had convinced him of the value of first aid. That.the work of first aid was in every \vay voluntary and that services were freely given was to him a welcome feature.
All who competed for the shield would hold a St. John Certificate. He trusted they would not let their energies and enthusiasm be satisfied with that first step, but would go on and secure their medallion and even a string of labels, remembering how in a humble way they were the successors of the Ho pitallers of the Order of St. john of J.erusalem, who in their day realised the \'alue of tl;at \'ery klr:d work. If the gi\'ing of the shield was any help In them to become efficient first aiders he was <llllply repaId. :'lir. BO\ dell paid tribute to r. SharjJe, secretary, for the excellellt organisation of the competition ,
Tew
Does your colleague read PIR5T AID, if not, send us his address and we wiII post him a copy.
94 FIRST
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FIRST AID. 95
Bentley Church L ad's Brigade Amb ul ance Team A l though only formed a year ago, they have already gained many honours in the competition arena.
Competitor and Judge.
By DR. B. ROSEFIELD.
Al\IBULA TCE competitions are looming ahead. There is a feverish activity discernible amongst all teams who aspire to possess one or other treasured cup or trophy. It will not be remiss, therefore, if we review a few of the mistakes of competitors, as seen through the eyes of a competition judge.
Remem ber always that you are ina competition and not an annual re-examination. In other '''lords, you have to show the judge that you can deal with the case in hand better than the other fellow. A re-examination does not require the ability demanded by a competition. Your examiner will always allow for small mistakes and endeavour to put you on the right track. Your competition judge will do no such thing. He will deduct marks for each mistake made, and the more mistakes made the less likelihood of winning. The judge is not there to point out where you are wrong in an endeavour to obtain a correct answer. You may be completely wrong, but the judge will vouchsafe no information on that score. His job is to test your ability in comparison with fellow competitors.
Captain and Team.
The team captain is essentially the pivot arou nd which the successful work of the revolves. He Deed not necessarily be the oldest or the most experienced mem ber of the team. Too often one finds an elderly captain, who, though his knowledge of first aid is beyond dispute, is yet a very poor leader. Your team should have a Leader, one whom his mates will understand and obey. He must be able to get the proper facts of the case by correct questioning and be able to direct his men and to avoid confusion in work.
Co-operatt'on of Team.
Listen carefully to the questions put by the captain, and the received. Do not interupt while your captain is ascertaining the facts of the case from the judge. \Vait till he is finished. Avoid asking the same questions. It exasperates a judge to be continually asked the same thing. Finish your particular job in hand. For example, do not leave a splint half bandaged in order to assist somebody else. Do not keep up a continual flow of advice to the others-that is the captain's job. Half-way through the test do not turn round to ask the judge to read the case-card again. The captain has already done so. You should have listened carefully at the time. If you
did not master the full facts at first, you should have asked him to read the test-card again.
Smartness and Gene1'al Appearance.
A smart, keen, well turned-out team creates a good impression. At a recent competition we saw a team parade before the judge every mem ber of which was chewing gum! They did not get the cup. Take your hands out of your pockets when you address the judge. It is slovenly and extremely discourteous.
Competz'tzon "Nerves."
Don't get flustered. Competition" nerves" have been responsible for losing more than one cup. Try to forget the critical attitude of judge and spectators. I magine that you are dealing with a genuine accident case. Get to work and do the job thoroughly. A judge does not expect " nerves" in people who enter for individual or team competitions.
R eplyz'ng to Questions.
Reply to questions put to you in clear, deliberate and well-chosen words. A stuttering, faltering competitor is never in the running for honours. Be brief. Don't Jau nch forth in to a lecture; keep to the point. You will lose marks by wandering off the question under discussion.
., Comfoding Words."
If you look up the marking sheets of former competitions you will invariably find marks allotted under this heading. It is surprising how few competitors gain anything for this point. Vve usually find a member of the team uttering a few banal phrases which are supposed to be "comforting words." Vie cannot imagine anybody returning to consciousness after a serious accident ever feeling comforted by a cursory tap on the shoulder, and being curtly told that he is quite alright!
A ttentzon to Detazl.
Where every mark is important, it is essential that the utmost attention be paid to details. Do not neglect anything in your questioning or treatment, no matter how trivial it may appear. The extra point gained by an apparently minor question or deed may turn the balance in your favour.
We could go on indefin itely about the glaring mistakes made by the average competitor. U nfortunately time and space permit of mention of but a few of the more obvious. In the coming season we wish all competitors the best of good luck. Even those who fail will agree that the effort has been worth while and some lesson has been learned.
Our Nurses' Pages.
COMPILED BY AMBULANCE
No. 1 DISTRICT, S.J .A. B.
By kind permission of Dame Rosalind Paget, a course of four lectures on Emergency l\lidwifery will be given on Tuesdays, November 3rd, 10th, 17th and 24th, at 7.30 p.m., at the Midwives' Institute, 57, Lower London, . \V.1. Lecturer, Miss Graham, late Head MIdwife, London Ho pital. Fee, 2 6, payable at first lecture, or to iss De Levante, 46, Iu grove-road, S. E.14. This i the second cour e on thi subject that Lady Supt. [\1 iss De Levante ha arrang-ed. The lectures an opportunity that none need a knowledge of first aid in maternity ca e should I11ISS. The .Iecturer her subject thoroughly, and no other place III London IS so well uited for the purpose, for there are found models. and a pplianc for th e u e of lecturer and students, not avadable elsewher
No.5 DISTRI T, .J.A. B. competition organised by the \Vombwell Nursing Di"ision under the dir ction of Lady Div. upt. Mrs. \V. R.
carried out by F. P. Wilson, Esq., ]. P., the County Commissioner
After an inspection of uniforms, a display of drill, first aid and home nursing was given.
Mr. Wilson congratulated the nurses and cadets on their smart appearance and cfficiency, aske? them to consider the possibility of enemy gas and IncendIary bomb attacks In the future. The Darlington Corporation has asked the Superintendents of both Ambulance and Nursing Divisions to assist them with this important problem. The Nursina- Division ha already sixteen members who hold proving their knowledge of air raid Lady Div. Supt. Turse and. Amb. lster Cbristian will shortly be presented With Service Medals for 15 years' efficient service in the Brigade.
NO.9 DISTRI CT, S.].A.B.
N URSING DI\ ISION ,-The annual inspection of this Division by Lady County Officer :'Iliss Hardie Jackson, took place on Friday evening, September 18th, at
Darlington Nursing and Cadet Divisions at their recent Annual Inspections.
Dickenson, was held at the King's-road, Schools, \Vombwell, on September 19th.
Rotherbam Nursing- Division are to be congratulated. on winning this year, and gaining the" Stewart" Nursll1g Cup, as on the two previous occasions they have been runners-up Leeds Victoria Nursing- Division were awarded second place, and thus are the first to hold the shield presented by Mrs. P M. vValker, of Wombwell Grange.
No.6 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.
DARLINGTON NURSING DIVISION - The annual inspection of this Division and of the Nursing Cadet Division was held on September 23rd, at Divisional Headquarters, Northgate, Darlington. Twenty-three members of the Senior Division and twenty-two Cadets were on Parade, under Lady Div. S u pt. N u rse Gardner. The inspection was
the Badming ton Hall. l\liss Hardie ] ack on "'as accompanied by County H. J. Vick, and ,,:·a a lara-e number of enthuslastlc supporters present, Including l\lr. R. Butland, Mrs Demetriadi, Mrs. Vick, l\lr. and 1\1rs. Radbrd,Mr. F. Cooper Pittman, Mr., l\lrs. and l'tlissMothersdale, Miss Samuel, Sister lcKie, l\lr. and the Misses James, and M iss Collihole.
Twenty-one nurses out of a total of twenty-seven on ,the nominal roll were present, under Lady Ambulance Officer M iss Garland, and thirteen girl cadets under Lady Ofl"1cer l\liss Hibbs. Lady Supt. l\liss Whitehead was In charge of the combined detachments, the members of \\'hich presented a very smart appearance when lined up for uniform inspection and hand-seat drill.
Followin cr this, the members of both companies broke b 'd " up into teams and quickly attended to variOUS aCCI ent cases
Before the parade was dismissed, the Lady County
96 F IR S T
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Officer congratulated both nurses and cadets on the result of her uniform inspection, and also on the prompt and efficient manner in which all attended to their re pective cases. It was particularly noticeable that there was no hesitation as to what was required of them.
County Commis ioner H. ]. Vi,k upported these remarks, and said that this was the first Division in the county to take up gas warfare training seriously. hight member had passed the examination for Grade II Instructor's Certificate in Air Raid Precautions, and t\\'o had gained the A. R. P.
It is interesting to note th It this year to date mem bers of the Paignton Nursing Division ha \'e assisted at 93 re:llO\'als by treated 80 case at the Brigade Hut on the Green dunng the summer months; while at the Paignton Hospital 123 attendances have already been made.
0.'0. 10 DISTRICT, S.J .A. B.
URSli':G DJ\ lsloN.-Lady Di\ Supt. Mrs. \Varn:n, who was responsible for the formation of the Chelmsford I ursing Division hve years ago, has been honoured by the Venerable Order of the Hospital or St. John of Jerusalem, who have confared upon her the insignia of Sen' ing Sister. This she recei\'ed at the hands of the ubPrior, the Earl of Scarbrough.
The fullowing account of successful hrst aid rendered by a member of this Division shows the importance of e\'ery n:ember of the Brigade, by continual practice, keeping up hiS or her knowledge of artificial respiration.
On June 17th, A.l11bulance Sister Lecke was at l\laldon Essex, when a small boy, apparently lifeless, wa<; taken tron'l the \\:ater. A large crowd stood around and did nothing for the distracted parent who had se\'eral other small children with her. Amb. Sister Leeke immediately took charge. SI1E' asked a man to control the crowd, sent for a doctor, and for some tea for the mother, and performed artificial respiration on the child. She also sent for a blanket and a deck chair to ser\'e as a stretcher . In about twenty-hve minutes the little one commenced to breathe, and was removed to shelter in the recreation ground. The doctor then arrived and ordered his removal to the local hospital, where he for the night and discharged next day. He has now qUite recovered, and the doctor said that if prompt action had not been taken, it would have been too late to savc the boy's life.
Our congratulations to Amb. Sister Leeke on the prompt and efficient manner in which she rendered first aid. No doubt her own satisfaction at haying saved a child's life has c om pensated her for the very strenuous task she had of keeping up artihcial respiration for such a long time.
l'\ORTIIERN
II{ELANO DISTICT, S J.A.B.
. of the \,vest Belfast Nursing Division and their frIends a<;sem bled at the N. S. P. C. C. Rooms, Belfast month a of awards gained by some of their number In competitIOn and examination.
Dr. Strain, who presided, welcomed the visitors and congratulated Lady District Supt. Miss Whitaker on her work in West Belfast. He hoped, he said to see the Division still more successful. Already had won cum petitions against Dublin and Derry, and he trusted that they would continue to gain in efficiency.
Lady District Supt. liss Whitaker presented the cups, bars, medals and certificates. She thanked Mr. Allers for his work in the It. was entirely to him that they owed their success 111 the varIOUS competitions
The certificates awarded included a number for proficiency in air raid precautions.
AID
"\VOUNDED" l\lEN AT TIlE l\lANS IO. Hou E, LONDON.
i\ rea l istic air crash was staged in the Egyptian Ha ll of the ;\lansion House, by 300 V. A. D. 's attached to the British Red Cross ociety, when 1 detachlllents of the City of London branch were entertained by the Lord l ayor, Sir Perc), Vincent, on October 8th.
Thc nurses formed a square around canva creens placed in the middle of the hall, and by humming in unison ga\'e an impression of the noise of an aeroplane engine. There were a erics of explu ions. The screens \'anhed, and reyealed the shattered remains of a Royal Air Force bomber containing- three wounded" 111en. The wounded were bandaged" on the Geld," under the eyes of th:: Lord Mayor, Rnd were then removed on The Sir Francis Lloyd up \\'i't pre ented by the Lord taror to :'liss \Vebb, As i tant ounty Director, and Lady Vincent presented shields and medals to \'ariou detachments and indi\ idual nur e
TIlE IDEAL NURSE.
QURlities which go to make the good nurse were outlined by Dr. Hans Roemer (Germany) at the Fourth European Mental Hygiene Reunion at the of IIealth this month. '
The nurse, he said, must ha\ e ympathy and real understanding of the patient's condition so as to protect him from all irritating sensations During cOlwalescence she must be helpful in htting the u e of strength to suitable tasks and preventing too early a return to work.
"With the chronic it is she who fight boredom and the lapse into inactivity. She maintain hope of reco\'ery and the will thereto, and mu t lead the patient to his own re-education by use 01 power he has, and thus bring him toward ocial rehabilitation."
The maternal woman is particularly well suited to the nursing profession, said Dr. Heinri c h Kog-crer, speaking- on mental hygiene and the nurse, All her patienb appenr to her as her children, and are therefore equally dear and equally important. Although this type of nur!:)c llliL;ht suITer at the loss of her patient by death, she never experiences distress if she loses him by recovery and rcstoration.
In contrast, the infantile type' of woman is clearl) at a disadvantage. Her tendency to follow other, particularl\ males in whom she recognises greater strength, cnuses distress to her when she encounters sick people, in a far higher degree than that experienced by the maternal woman.
THE ROSSALI. S.J.A.B. NURSING CUIP.
We have received a number of letters reg-arding lhis year's camp and from these we hav(" taken the following interesting queries ;-
1. What our Lady Supt.-in-Chief's dogg-ie, "\Vong," thought of the pictures of himself as portrayed by the nurses at Rossall ?
I I. If the lady from No. 1 District caught cold on removing her dentures to givea more realistic interpretation to her role of Ancient Grandl11other?
III. What the lady frol1 o. 3 District said when her daintily shod foot landed in the gravy during practica l ?
IV. If the two from No.5 District who said they enjoyed row i ng, yet could only lanJ their party to the side of the lake when helped by a motor boat, are taking lessons before offering their services again?
V. If the members of Graham's and Nevitt's have yet recovered from the effects of their party on the last night?
VI. If there was ever more than slanding room in the tuck shop after lunch while tea was served there.
Items (Divisional news and competitions, social, interesting duties, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance ister, do The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannonstreet, London. E.C.4.
Advertisers' News.
\VE have received from 2\Ir. IT. E. Prince, L.C P.(Phys.), F.P C (Lond.), P., the principal of the Northern Institute of l\lassage, a copy of the Institute's prospectus, together with a complete course of massage training, including lessons, question papers, and a fi nal exam ination paper imilar to that given to students taking po tal tuition.
There tS no doubt that to-day massage is occupyina th minds of more persons than ever, and after studying the paper sent us, we can fully realise that a lirt aider has an advantage over the non-first aider by the fact that knowledge has already been acquired rcgarding- the skeleton and muscle, which play so important a part in masaae
Thc postal ou r e of the 0l orthern I nsti tu te of 2\Iassagc is omplete in itself, and wc can see no reason why students, after taking such a course and ca rry i n g ou t the specific i nstructio ns given, should not bc full), qual iflcd to add to their income or e\ en etting up in business by entering the profession as a masseuse or rna eu r.
Fees for the COLI rse, which is com pleted in fourteen Ie sons, are inclusive and can be arranged to be paid by instalments.
The lessons deal with anatomy, physiology, remedial exercises, manipulative therapy (massage), and tudents passing the final examination are presanted with a diploma issued by the Institute.
Full particulars and a copy of the prospectus can be obtained frec of charge on aprlication to the Northern Institute of l\Iassage, 6, John Daltonstreet, 2.
A I D. 99
taking of the wrong cap, especially at functions where there may be dozens of caps of a similar n ature .
THINGS SEEN
At a recent inspection we witnessed a.n unusual and, we hope, an isolated, occcurence. The Inspecting Officer dismissed the enior Officer 011 parade for some breach of regulations Tr'ha! an example to the rank and hIe!
At a march past, following another inspection, we saw one Company Commander who took no notice of the Inspecting Officer who was taking the salute, and his company marched past with front "-surely instructions were given a to where the Inspecting was taking the salute?
At an accident wbich happened recently in Corby, Lincolnshire, a stretcher was by the lise of a slep ladder.
A N D HEA R D.
Owing to the Coronation and the St. John Ambulance Brigade Jubilee Celebrations next ;\lar, the Brigade " Dewar" and" Perrott" Shield competitions ha, e been brought forward t\\·o months and will be held on April 9th, 1937.
On October 1st Capt. \\'. Goodley, ;\1. c., took over the ambulance secretaryship of the Midland and Great Korthern Joint Railway Ambulance Centre. Captain Goodley as is well known is Commissioner of No.1 (Prince of \\'ales's) District, S.J.A.B., and Centre Secretary of the Great Central and the Great Eastern E. R.) Ambulance Centres.
That a record .sum of .£3,901 was realised by the ;\0. (Prince of \Vales's) District, S.J.A.B., annual flag day held in London, on July 26th last.
"Many Happy Returns. "
THIS appropriate title is of a new and unusua.l pamphlet published by the National "Safety First ,- Association, a copy of which will be presented to each of the two and a haH million motor drivers in Great Britain, when they renew their dri\'ing licence during the next twelve montbs. The pamphlet is written in ligbt , ein and bas been prepared by Fougasse and IcCullough, a humorous partnership which achieved fame a year ago with" You Have Been \-Varned."
The Portman Pri n ti ng Service, of 80, Georgestreet, Portman-square, London, \ V. I, have sent us specimens of va r ious printings carried out fo r many ambulance d ivisions which we can recommend to our readers. Space wi l l not permit giving full details of these, but one is well worth mentioning. I t is a ca r d to be affixed to the uniform cap, on which can be written the name, rank and division of the owner. Readers can readi ly visua l ise how this card will obv iate the
Taking- only a few minutes to read. the pamphlet i enlivened by three dozen Fougasse sketches, done in that characteristic style with which Punch and the poster hoardings h ave familiarised the public The letterpress is brief and pithy. There is no attempt to make a joke of a serious subject, but the advice is given in far from grandmotherly style.
If any motorists do not want to ,\'ait until they recei\'e a free copy with their renewed driving licence, copies can be purchased at a cost of sixpence each from the National "Safety First" Association (T nc.), Terminal House, 52, Grosvenor-gardens, London, S. \V.1.
98
FIRST
FIRST
Asphyxia-or Suffocation.
ALTHOU GH there is a difference between and asphyxia, most textbooks pay little attention to it, treating the subject in a g-eneral way. Asphyxia is a general term, and means the condition that supervenes on the interruption of the respiration, and includes death from hanging, strangulation, choking, etc. Suffocation, from a medical point of view, is the condition in which air is prevented from penetratin g the lungs by some mechanical cause operating externall y on the nose, mouth, throat and chest walls, or internally on the wind pipe, air passa g e and lun g s.
The subject may be divided into two headings -Sudden Suffocation and Slow Suffocation.
S DD EN S UF FO CATIO
The signs of sudden suffocation are those found in cases of han g ing, chokin g , strangulation, etc. The face is swollen and con g ested; the eyes are staring, the pupils being dilated; the tongue becomes swollen and perhaps protrudes; and the lips may be swollen, while blood or bloody froth ma y issue from mouth or nose. In hanging there ma y also be a constriction round the throat which causes pressure on the great veins in the neck, wh ilst in choking there will be either pressure on the blood vessels on the inside by the substance that is im pacted or violent inspiratory efforts which cause intense venous con g estion. The bluish colour of the face is caused by this pressure.
SLOW S UFFOC
ATION.
In this kind of asph y xia there will be found no pressure on the venous vessels, the symptoms being produced by the deprivation of oxygen in the blood, causing increasing drowsiness. Death is caused partly because the oxygen which the blood requires to keep the heart and the great nerve centres going becomes gradually diminished, and partly because the carbonic acid gas cannot be got rid of out of the s y stem. Consequently the venous blood cannot be properly purified, or oxygenated. The effects of this vicious process on the brain is that insensibility ensues ; and in time the nerve centre controlling respiration becomes increasingly paralysed until cessation of respiration results. In like manner the heart centre and the heart becomes paralysed; and, when completed so, death takes place.
Briefly, the difference under the two headings is that one is brought about quickly owing to pressure on the veins as well as the diminished supply of ox y gen caused by the same pressure;
and the other is brought about more slowly owing to the blood becoming impregnated with carbonic acid gas and to want of oxygen.
TREATiUE J T OF S UFFO CATIO T
The treatment is practically the same for both varieties. In all cases, ho\vever, the first thing to do is to remove the cause in each particular case. !n choking, the foreign bod y must be dislodged; In hanging, the constriction must be removed; and so on.
Next, artificial respiration must be started at the earl iest momen t, and must be followed by the loosening of all tight clothing about the neck, chest and waist to ensure that there is no restriction on the parts covered. If hcemorrhage is present, this must have attention and medical help obtained at the earliest possible mom e nt.
Shock is treated b y wra(:ping the patien tin blankets and b y applyin g hot bricks or hot water bottles to his upper and low extremities and body. On recovery of consciousness, the patien t should be given hot stimulants (tea, coffee, meat extracts, etc. ) in sips, care being taken first to test hi s ability to swallow. \.\Thile all attempts at physical exercise, such as walking, are best avoided until sanctioned by the doctor.
Binding Copies of "F.A."
KEEP your Copies of FIRST AID clean and tidyhave them bound.
Send your copies for the last Volume (July, 1935, to June, 1936) and we will return same bound in an attractive case of leather cloth with , the title of the publication in gold letters on the front and side and the eight pointed cross on front, for 6s., post free.
Complete Volumes can be supplied at 9s., post free.
Binding Cases only, 2s. 9d. post free.
DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4.
---.
Police Ambulance News.
BRl G IITON.
Th e s ec ond a nnual indi v idual co mp e tItIOn fo r th e " i\lar g-a r e t Hard y " c up w as h e ld on O c tob e r 7th, Dr C. E . Whit r her jud g in g th e pr ac ti cal t es t a nd Dr. R. Sydn ey H a rper th e oral.
Ei g h t m e m be r s c omp ete d, th e r es ult being 1 s t P. Virgo , 1 3 4 m a rk s out o f a p os ible 140 ; 2nd, P C. M c L ean ( las t yea r 's winn e r ), 125 ; 3 rd, P. C. Smith 11 8
Ald e rm a n M is Ma r ga r e t H a rd y, M B E., ] P. , d o nor o f th e tr o rh y, pr ese nt e d th e c up t o P. C. Vir go a nd co ng r at ul a ed him o n hi s s u ccess.
B o th o f th e d octo r s pr a i e d th e w o rk d o n e, whi c h w as \ e r y goo d.
A m o n g th ose pr ese nt 'w e r e th e Chi e f Co n s t a bl e (C a pt.
W ]. IIut c h in so n ) a nd :'.lrs IIut c hin o n, Mrs H a rp e r, upt. G. E C r o u ch, in s pec t o r G A ea ves , a nd S e r gea n t C hi n a il, wh o w as r e ro n i b le fo r th e a rr a n ge m e n ts
lTV O F LOND P EC J AL C ON T AB CL A RY.
)n W e dn es d ay, S p te mb e r 16t h t h e winn e r o f th e se ri es of te..,ts he ld dur n g t h u mm e r m o n t h s w as
a n no u nced by Ca r t. .-\ \\ h ite h.n o x ( hi ef :\1. 0. ) e r g t.
\ G. hur c hill A Di \' i io n , w as fir t, fo ll o w e d b y Su bCom m a nd e r 1. i\l ill E' r Tll ese t e t s t oo k t h e form o f 5 m i nutes lIh'n-7.'o r e exami n at i o n s, a nJ a l toget h e r seve n s u c h te t w e r e g-i \ n It w a d ecided to h o ld a f ur t h e r se ri es o f tests duri ng t he aut u mn. On \\ 'ednesday, c tobe r 7, :'II r. F . E 'o rr in g h a m , F (o f ;\l e ' r R l ckitt a nd on, Lt d .), gave a "e r y interes t ing e ctu r e on " Ge r ms a nd Ant isert ics." H e LOok hi s au di en ce throug h the age an d d escr ib ed t h e au\antages and d i advantage of ce rt a in a n t isep ti cs. tl ues io n s WE' r e pu t to h im to whi c h e nl ig ht e nin g a n , \\"e r s w e r e gi\ e n
INVALUABLE TO =AIDERS
In spite of its name" The Family Physician" is a book which will be found invaluable by all connected with First Aid or Ambulance work.
The Editor, Douglas Hay Scott, M.B., Ch.B., is a lecturer in First-Aid, Hygiene, Home Nursing, Anatomy and ad\-anced Ph y siology at Morley College, Lo ldon, and Fi rst-Aid Com mandan t, Surrey Cadet Brigade. Formerly he was County Director, British Red Cross Society, City of Dundee, and Lecturer and E x aminer in First Aid and Home Nursing, St. Andrews Ambulance Association. He has taken great care in compiling this work and has been assisted by other w ellknown medical men to ensure that the information given is absolutely authoritative.
SOME OF THE SUBJECTS.
First Aid - Home Nursing-H y giene-Drugs -The Giving of Medicines - Electricity and :\ledicine - Anatomy and Ph y siolo gy- Ph y sical Culture . -General Diseases - Infectious Diseases-Diseases of the Heart , Blo od, Digestive S y stem, Urinary System, Respiratory S y stem, Eye and Ear, Skin, Nervous System, Ductless Glands - Vitamin-Defi ciency Diseas es - Diseases due to Impaired ;\letabolism - Dis e ases of the Bone - Diseases of the Joints, etc. , etc.
FIRST AID.
D u rin g th w ee k e nd ed c to be r 9t h, th e se r vices o f th e G lasgo w . t. A ndr e w 's Am b ul a r cc Associat o ns \V aggo n s we r e r e qui s it io n ed 3 4 2 times ; 1 7 5 fo r acc id e n ts a nd 1 6 7 for illn esses r eq uirin g h os pit a l r e m ova l.
A ll ca ndid a es who t oo k A. R. P. e xa min a ti o ns in conn ec tion with th e R oss in g-t on Ambulan ce and Nursin g Di vis io n s, S.].A. B., cl a sses , w e r e s u ccess ful. Dr ] Hart, o f A rmthorp e, w as h e examin e r a nd upt. F. G. Glo s op t he in st ru c t or.
EDITOR'S NOTE. - Owing to unforeseen circumstances, the continuation of Major Norman Hammer's article on "Notes on the Nursing of War Gas Cases" has been held over until next month.
The "DECORATORS' « PAINTERS' MAGAZINE" 8d. monthly) Is THE trade paper for all Interested." Publlsbio, Office: 46. C.QOOD Street, S.C
The section on First Aid constitutes a complete manual of "First Aid " work. The chapters on " Fractures," "Dislocations and Sprains," and " Bandaging and Slings," have been written by one of the foremost medical authorities on the subject, and are profusely illustrated with X-Ra y and other photographs and diagrams.
AN OPINION.
Mr. A. Squires, Melton Street, Nottingham, writes :-
" 'Th e Family Ph ys ic ia n' is a w o rk ne e ded in Ambua nce Di v isions. I fi nd none to compare with it, a nd I have re co mm e nd e d y our book to all our men int e r e ste d in FirstAid work. I ca nno t obtain anyth n g lik e it for the price c harg e d. "
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FIRST
Three teams competed for the annual ambulance competition of the Durham Count) Bran c h of the Working Men's Club and Institute Union, which was held at Gateshead. Dr. Steedman, of Blythe, was the judge, Ferryhill and District suppl.ying the winning team,
AID. 101
THE diagnosis and treatment of a fractured wrist (Collis Fracture) was recently dealt with by Dr G. R. H. \ Vrangham in the " \ Vestern Area Gazette," as follows :-
One of the commonest fractures that we, as first aiders, have to deal with, is that of the wrist, known as Collis's Fracture . This is a fracture of one of the bones at the wrist (the radius). The cause of the fracture is nearly always the same, fall ing on the outstretched hand and arm. The force of the impact is transmitted from the palm of the hand through the large lower end of the radius up the arm, to the body.
It may be noticed in passing, that the two bones of the arm are similar but reverse. The ulna is larger above than below, while the radius is larger below than above. The upper end of the ulna forms part of the elbow joint, but the lower end takes no part in the wrist joi n t. This latter joint is com posed of the bones of the hand articulating with the lower end of the radius.
It will be seen, therefore, that the radius is the bone to break when too much force is applied to the outstretched hand. The break is nearly always one inch to one and half inches from the joint. The upper fragment is forced into the lower fragment forming a typical example of an impacted fracture. The deformity caused is known as a dinnerfork deformity, on account of the side view being the same as that of a fork. The lower fragment is forced upwards and backwards. The upper displacement is seen if the two pointed lower ends of the bones are compared (these points are known as Styloid processes).
Put out both arms of the patient with the palms facing each other. Then with your thumb above and your middle finger below, feel the pointed ends of the bones. On [he normal side the Styloid process of the Radius will be lower than that of the Ulna. On the fractured side the two will be level
If a fractured wrist is left without being set the great disability is the patient's inability to grip things tightly. Try for yourself how hard it is to grip things with the wrist bent backwards, as is the case with a Collis's fracture. I n order to grip firmly the wrist must be straight or bent slightly forward.
Tht. surgical treatment of a Collis's fracture is first of all disimpactation of the two fragments . This must be done under anesthesia. Then the lower end must be pulled downwards and outward towards the little finger. This will restore the normal lie of the bone. Two splints must be applied, one below and second above, or a Plaster of Paris bandage, to keep the two pieces in place. I mmediately the patient recovers from the anes-
thetic he is made to move h is fingers. The splints should be taken off each day and a l ight massage applied to the forearm, wrist and hand After thc fourth day the patient is encouraged to move his wrist while the sp l int has been removed for the massage At the nd of two weeks the wrist is capable of being used for l ight jobs, and the splint may be left off after three weeks.
Recovery is slowe r in older people than in younger, and the after effects are greater. The worst of these is Arthritis in the joint This is most fel [ when the weather is cold or wet
There are many ways of treatin a a Collis's fracture, but this method has been found to give good resu Its.
This article has dealt with the surgical aspect of a fractured wrist, and is intended purely for the interest of first aiders and not for first aid treatmen t.
The Hospitallers' Clu b.
AT the fir t meeting of the 1936 37 session, ommander R. 1\1. Tabuteau, Go\ ernor of H. r. Prison, PentOlwille, g-a\·e an intere ting- addre on I' Pri on from wi hin." The _peaker drew ;l vi\·id picture of the prison, its surroundings and its inmates, giving hricf descriptions of the way in which pri oner are taug-ht to be a credit and not a failure, to the community. He abo spoke of the excellent \Vork done by prison \·i itor, profe or , instructors, etc., \\'ho gi, e their time voluntarily to a "istth prisoners in g-aining knowledge. Among- such in truction was that on first aid, the instructors including member of the Club. Commander Tabuteau also spoke of the ROjal Discharge Prisoners Aid Society and the good work carried on by the Committee and friends, and appealed to members to assist in that work.
McBride endorsed the speaker's remarks, a did 1r Wells who, tog-ether with Mr. 1cBride, is among the first aid instructors.
/\. formal \ ote of thanks proposed by the ecretary and seconded by Mr. Milburn, was carried with acClaJll;llion. A collection for the R. D. P.A.S. resulted in the cxcc.!c:nt sum of £3 5s. 6d., which was gratefully acknowledged by the Governor.
At the business meeting which followed, the President, Burman, who presided, called upon the members to stand in memory of the late 1r. Atkins. Mr. Wells, the Secretary, gave particulars of forthcoming events.
Welcome was extended to Mr. Florey of Rhodesia, who was on a visit to England,
Congratulations were extended to Mr. H. Langley Jones, a former member of the Club, on his promotion as Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John.
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Queries and Ansvvers to Correspondents.
Qu eries will be dealt with under the following rules:-
1. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C·4·
2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue at the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.
3.-The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this colurr.n is t he 38th (1928) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.
O PERATI \ 'E TR EATl\lENT OF CHOKING.
F. (Gospo rt) .- lf I had to r e nder first aid in a case of Choking and it was impos sib le to r emove th e cause an d , if medical ass istan ce was n ot immediately available, would I be sufficiently qualified to perform the operation for t r achcctomy ?
Your problem sets out a critica l emergency for which t here is apparently only one solution an d it is one which 1 ha\-e had to face twice only in my lif e. So 1 h ope that you will never ha ve this experience. Of co ur se, everything dep e nds on your co nfidence in yo ur own powers of diagnosi s and yo ur own skill in actio n: but yo u must remember that, for a n untrain e d person, opening a patient's larynx is not s u ch an easy and simple pr ocess as yo ur imagination pict.ures. On the cont rar y, you must know just \vhen and just where the incision should be made.
Some textbooks i n the early d ays of the A mbulan ce 10 veme n d escr i bed for such eme r gences a method of openi ng the larynx by a sm'3. 11 transverse s lit in the h 01l0w which is situated in t he middle line imme diately below " Adam's Apple" and of keeping the ope nin g patent with the bent e nd s of a co uple of hairpins
This in str u ction ne7.'er found a place in our Te xtbo ok, clearly because it was felt that it would tend to favour Meddlesome First Aid, which in ci dentall y might give rise to some cautic commen t s in the Coroner's Court. Furth e r, it is a truism that s u ch actio n, which in the very exceptional circ umstance s might be safe a nd justifiable in the hand s of a few experienced fi r st aiders, would be d ec id e dl y unsafe and most unjustifi ab le in those of the vast majority of persons for whose ben efit the T extbook was written. So there, as in the June 1925 a nd the Decem ber 1932 is s u es of FIRST AID, I must perforce lea\ e yo ur problem. In sho rt, howeve r, would you dare risk it ?-N. CORBET FLE TCHER
H OWLER.
D .S (East London).-In a recent exami n at ion the surgeonexaminer asked a can didate to describe the structure of the heart, a nd received this answer :-" Th e Iz ear! z's a comical bag, divided in to Jour sma ller bags by a Jislzy petition." I do not know how far this answer affected the result, but sho uld a dd that t hi s ca ndidate was among t h ose who also ran, although n ot with success.
Good! Next, please! !-N C.F.
COMPOUND FHACTURE OF CLA\' JCLE
D.J. (Ccernarvon),-As 1 read your answe r to the query pub-
lished und er above title in the August issue of FIRST \ID , I wondered ho,v you would compress the subclavian artery if the fracture were compl icated by injury to this vessel. As I do not know how this can be don(', I shall appreciate your kind help.
Everything d e pends on the position of the fractured ends. If, as is usually the case, the e are felt to overlap, the ou ter fragment being the lower (Textbook, p.66), then you can compress the subclavian artery in the o rdin a ry w ay Of course, you would prote ct the wound from in fec ti o n with some antiseptic dressing-e.g., boracic lint. - N. C. F.
FROi\! PAUl OF UA ND
"V.T (Port Dinorwi c).-( l ) Will you kindly exp lai n to us to what injury does the T extbook refer \\-hen at the botlom of page 106 and top of page 107 it r ea d : " Pressure lIlay bt! applied to Radt'al a1/d CInar arlt!J t'es by cutting a cork and Sl'Cllrt'lIg by a ll glit /J(l1ltiagt', etc." ? seeing that the n ext paragraph goes on: ., To a rre t hX11l0rrh age from palm of h an d etc." There a re no il1stru ct ion s as to u se of s u c h a tourniquet.
(2) In a recent competition, the paticnt w as s upp ose d to be s ufferi n g from a wound with arteria l b lee din g in palm of hand. 'ollle teams placed a tourniquet of cut cork on R adia l amf 'Ina r arteries whil e othe rs placed the tourniquet on the Brachial a rtery "Vhi c h treatment was correct? Rule 5, P age 9-+, tells us to apply comp r ession on the pressure point next to the wound on the heart s id e . In thi case would n ot the R a dial a nd Ulnar arter ies be co rre ct for tourniquet, though this is going lo m ake it dimcult to lie the bandage" over knuckles and wri t, pa s the tWll en d s round the wrist, etc."?
Y our valuable reply will be greatly esteemed and appreciate d .
(1) Clearly the in str u ct ions quoted by yO U refer to those cases in which there is a wound ot the palm accompanied by b ccmo rrha ge from the P a lm ar Arches and in which for onc reason or another direct pre _ Ul e i contraindicate d
(2) 1£ in the c ir c um stances named by you the tourniquet is to be left in position for a time, then it must be applied to the pressure points of the Radial and Ulnar arterie If, however, the compression is to be a temporary mea ure on l) while the wound of the palm is being examined and treated, then it is ofte n mor e co n venient to apply di gita l pressure to the Bra chia artery. Such action allows g r eat r freedom duri n g the examination and treatment of the \\"ou nded pa r t and so facilitates r apid y in the handling- of the case and remo va l to medi ca l ai d .-N C.F
'NO UND OF ABDOMINAL \VALL.
E. S. (Enfield).-In the treatment of a wound in the fronl wall of th e abdomen, with prot u s ion of bowel, the Textbook (p.124) tells u s to place hot ""ater bottles to both sides of the patie nt' s body. W e take it that t his is done to counter the effects of shock. it has been suggeste d, how eve r, that the hot water bottles would in c rease the h ;:e morrha ge , which it is ass um e d would be of a serious nature with such an injur). Your ruling on this point will b e much appreciated.
The proper use of hot water bottles in th e circulllstances named would not, in my opinion, incur any risk of increased h cemo rrhage; and the treatment of Sho c k is a most vital d e tail in the handling of the patient and hi s (or her) injury. -
N.C.F.
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USES OF COLLODION.
J. r. (Camden Town). -I read with tbe query published in the Aug-u t is ue FIRST All) and your repl), thereto.
Apart from the fact, ho\\' "er, that the use of collodion i outside the scope Qf first aid, is it not true that the u e of thi - preparation is dangerou except in the hands of a medical man, seeing (1) that bacteria as the bacilli tetanu and we chia multiply rapidly Without air, and (2) that as collL1dlon seals the wound [t forms an ideal breeding ground for these germs?
It is true.-N.C.F.
CO.\lPRESSIOl\ OF FE:lIORAL .-\RTERY.
P.S. New Zealand).-Your reply to the query published under the above title in the Jul" issue of FIRST AID was 1110st interesting and Please tell me w hen you would expect first aider to attempt compressIOn of the FE'moral Artery.
The Textbook gives no intructions with reference to compression of the Femoral Artery; and neither do I !_ N.C.F.
TREAnlE1\'T OF STINGS.
].r\. (Bournel:nouth). - I was interested in the query which :vas published under the above title in the September Issue of FIRST AID. Your readers will probably like to know that we of the South bourne Nursing Division, S.] .A. B., on duty at the Boscombe Beach Hut get any amount of these. cases. They are caused by the wee\' er fish, are very pa1l1ful, and occasion great distress. vVe have found that the most effe c ti\'1! treatment is a bicarbonate of soda bath as hot as can be borne is usually obtained in about twenty to thirt;' mlOutes.
Your letter is much appreciated because it relates the results of practical experience. - Forgive me if I point out that a "as hot as can be borne" is not good treatment because It may cause further injury to the skin whereas a bath" as hot as can be borne comfortably" will give the all the relief which you desire. Probably, however, thiS IS what you do in actual practice.
As a matter of interest to readers of FIST AID, I may add that the members of the Nursing Divisions of the Bournemouth Corps, S.J:A. B., have ill the past ten years treated 19,927 cases dunng the summer months at their Beach Huts in Bournemouth, Boscombe and Durley Chme. - C F.
ETIlICS OF FIRST AlD.
D.:i'1. ( Teath Abbey).-Having taken up first aid for the past few years, I telt puzzled when being present at an accident where another ambulance man stated that the patient had received a Pott's Fracture. Having endeavoured to be thoroughly efficient as far as the Black Book is concerned, I wondered if the ambulance man I-:ad not exceeded his authority, with perhaps the in tentwn of showing some superiority over others who confine themselves strictIy to the Textbook.
Also, if the am bulance man was in order, I should hke to know where we are to decide between the duties of a first aider and the medical man
I appreciate your views on the matter, and at the same time thank you for past guidance
If the facts be as you stale, then let us forg ive him! He \Va only w:l.nk in g!! - C. F.
HUMOl1R IN l\l[).
\V. P. {r?rOnlO, Canada). - A short time ag-o a lad, who was VI Illng the Exhibition here, called at the .\mbu lance tation to see one of our members in the Toronto Corps, S.]. A. B. Overscas. The latter had recently been fir t a!der al a Boy Camp and had given little U{lks on first ald. The lad reported that, after our man had returned home, one of the boy had been bitten hy a snake; and he was promptly asked if he bad r ndcred fir aid. He answered that he had; apd, when a"ked again if he had placed a constriction round the (lrfccted limb he answered-" ure! I placed a cOlls/rieliOll as Ilea,: the !t eart aJ' possible-n/rlzt round lzt's cltt's! .' !
Good! Next, ple(lse ! ! C. F.
-\PPLICATIO OF TllO:llAS PLINT.
F. S. (Hoxton). - I n watching a demOnSlfntion of the applicattOn of the Thomas splint I noticed that the limb ",as ele\'ated and ti d to a suspension bar. The demonstration wa for a fracture of the Femur. Please will you tell me why the limb is elevated in the Thl)mas Splint and nol in the ordinary treatment as set out on p.p. 73:7-+ the Textbook. Your kind explanation of thiS POll1t wtll be appreciated.
If the limb be not elevated, ho\\' can it he slipped the flng of the Thomas Splin l? N. C. F.
TREATi\lENT OF PorSOl\ING.
G. C. (St. Pancras).-In the treatmenl of Poisoning- reulting from the bile o f a venomous snake or from ' an O\'erdose of morphia administered by hypodermic would the administraLion of an emetic be of any senice:) Can the emetic have an)' eO'ect when the poison is already circulating in the patient's ySlem or does it me r ely act on the gastric juices of the tomach? Your kind help will be appreciated.
T?e emetic is g-i\ en solely a a measure for evacuating the pOlson from the stomach. COil equently it would have no effect in the cases named by you. - N.C.F.
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AI!:).
FIRST AID IN
CHEMICAL WARFARE By D J. COLLINS, C.B., C.M.G., M.D. Major-General and H STUART BLACKMORE, O.B.E., M.R.C.S., L.D S D.P.H. Major, R.A.M.C Single Copies 7d. post free, Per dozen 65. 6d. May be obtained from DALE REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46 Cannon street, London, E.C.4 When corresponding with advertisers
me n tion AID ." FIR S T "SUPANHE" BRAND ANTISEPTIC & HEALING OINTMENT A Safe and Reliable Dressing- for Wounds, Cuts, Chilblains, Burns, Chafing, Bruise", Skin Eru pI ions, l:". ONE OUNCE JAR POST 7 t d. FREE. Write for FREE SA MPLC enclosing 3d. in stamps to: W & E. WATKIN, 69, Huron Road, London, S.W.I7. ARE YOU SATISFIED? II not The Profession of the Age MASSAGE a G olden Opp ortunilY for your Care er. OUR POST L COURSE GUIDES YOU BY L\SY STAGES TO PROFICIE CY. Members of Sl. John Ambulance Orlgade bale benefitted by this Course. Write for Booklet NOW NORTHERN INSTITUTE OF MASSAGE, 6 JOHN DALTON STREET , MANCHESTER, 2. Established 1924. BUGLES \[ ooel _ TU TOR and Ca ll, re ed 19 3:\ SIDE DRUMS 5 Rod P a ttern rost free FLUTES B fI It 5 pillar keys P ost free B flat key " TUTOR8 for DruIU or Flute "ach Flute !'oale C3rd 3d. each, or per doz. Telephone: Blackfriars 5573. 17 / 6 6 3'1 6 10 6 6 6 1 0 '1 0 Alakers: POTTER'S 36{38, West Street, Charing Cross Road, LONDON, W.C.2. BAND GUIDE Giving hints on the Bugle, Drum and Flute. also Parade Forma· lions. u'e of Parade Cane, Staff. etc., free and post paid. ALLMAN'S POCKET ANATOMICAL ATLAS Size 6" x 3f (PI..Ltes 7" x 6"). Illustrated by Twelve Coloured Plates from Original Drawings. Conta ns an anatomical description of the pla tes and the arrange m ents and physiolo g ical functions o f the HUalan Body, alTanged in manikin form. A valuable Atlas for First Aid Students. Price 1 / 6 (post free). Supplied by DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon Stpeet, London, E.C.4. AID. 107 Recently Published. 15th Edition. (172nd Thousand). Fully revised. 288 Pages, 298 Illustrations: some of which are coloured. stiff B a,.ds. 2/6 NET. Postage
"FIRST
TO THE INJUf{ED &: SI CK. An Advanced Ambulance Handbook Edited by F. C. NICHlILS, M.C., M.B , Ch.B., L.R.C .P ., L D.S. at e Capt. R. A '!t. C. (T.)
DEFENCE AGA1NST
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THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT, BY N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.A., M.B M.R.C.S.
"As a work of referen ce, the book will be excremely useful and shou ld be in the library of all ambulance workers. "-FIRST AlD.
BOVE are the three reasons why G e rmolene Ointme n t has been universally accepted as the finest skin healer obtainable. I ts unique , Aseptic' action offers you the undoubted advantage of PAIN-FREE
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A booklet to aid those interested 1n Ambulance and Stretcher Work. Prloe Sd. each, post tree. First Aid," 46, Cannon Street, London, E C 4·
H FIRS T AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.
To be cut out and enclosed wz'th all Quer£es. Oct., 1936.
AND EMERGENCIES. Their Signs, Symptoms aud II First Aid" Treatment. An Ideal Memorizer Qui ck Referen ce By A T. GOODING. With Pretace by WILLIAM L OCK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c. and OHN NICOLSON M.A., M.B., Ch.B.Glas •• 2d net post free.
A CATECHISM OF AIR RAID PRECAUTIONS
Ouest ions and Answers in Air R aid Precautions. the Protection of the Civi Population in Cbemical W a
lOS FIRST
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rfa re. "Gas" First Aid, a nd Nursin g o f cc Gas" Ca<;ualties By N OR MAN M.Re.S. Price IS. 2d. pos free. By J. M. ••• BIII FIR.T AID lilI FEW WORD •• (200th thousand) Revised. Wltb Coloured Diagrams upp. Clotl.i 6d. Strong paper. 2d. Post Id. HOME NURSINB III FEW WORD •• (56th thonsand) Re vised With useful reference tables. 1.4 pp. Strong paper. 2d. Post Id. BANOASIIiO DIABRA PP.-1 2 bandaging diagrams, with notes. Strong paper 2d Post Id. HEALTH IN FEW WORD •• By Sir IJ D.P." F'. R C. 8. 20tb Thousand. Pape r folder 3 In. and + In. P ost free ad. net. By HOWARD M PRB8TOIli D,,,,o,.st,,aJo,, to tit. THE TRIAII.ULAR BANDABE = Price 1.5. n et; postage, zd Its Application Accurately Described by Words and IIO Diagrams. THE ROLLER BANDASE. Price 1.5, net; postage, 2d. lIs Application Accuratelv Described by Words and 102 Diagrams. FIR.T.AID AIIIIATOMICAL DIABRA ••• 13 (1 to IHnd I +)on Roll Post free, all. od net. No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs I I ', THE .OMPLETE .AIIIIUIi. Price 211. net; postage 4d Systems of Body accurately indexed. I nvaluable to Students of Anatom, Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects. THE WHOLE ART OF IIAIIIIOA8IN •• 1'1 T_SItLA BOW.SR. Illustrated. Post ftee, II. lid PO.KET FIRST AID SERlE •• 111 Cel. R. J. BLACI(HAM. C.II •• C.M.O C.I.S •• 0 ••• 0 M,II (I) Poisoning, (2) Ha:morrhage, (3) Insenslhl1ltYj (.) Asphyxia (Snspended BleS I h Ing), (5) Fractures Dislocations and Sprains \6) Wonnds Bltesj Burns, Scald s Rupture and Minor InJuries. The Series contains all the essent als of First AId Printed 00 linen-lined cards 31 In. X si In. ThIrd Edition. 6d. oe elJch postage 2d extra. AID8 TO MEMORT fOR FIR.T AID STUDENT. AND IIIIURSE. NBWTON, M.R.C _ •• Od. net. Pest .JOHN BALE, 80N8 & DANIEL880N. Ltd 88-9. Gpeat Tltchfteld Stpeet London W.1
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YOUR CLASS WITH OUR SPECIAL SET OF PRACTICE SPLINTS and BANDAC ES. Comprising: Three Upper Arm; Two Forearm; One Patella; One Thigh; Two Leg; One Foot; and One Tourniquet Stick; together with 12 Triangular Bandages. PER SET 10/- POST FREE Splints can be purchased separate at 6/- per set, post free. Special Quotations for Quantities. Selected Wood. Free from Knots. Rounded Corners. Ideal for Class Work. Send for your Set NOW. UN80LICITEl. TIMONIAL. - One purchaser writes; I beg to acknowlet.. '!ipt of the two sets of Splints. which think are fine and the e reasonable.
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CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER
EDITORIAL :-
5.J. (\ B Oversea
St. J oh n \mbulan ce.-\ ociation
Christma Greeting ard Extracts from the l\lanual of Instruction for the Royal Naval ck Berth taff
S. ]. A. B. H eadquarters an d District Reports
Port of Bristol :\uthorit)'
Notes on the Nursing of \V a r Gas ases ...
Police Ambulance N e ws
Coming Eve n ts Railway Ambulance e \\" St. J ohn R.N.S.B R.
The H osp italler s' Club
The First C h apte r of the ,. Bl ack Book."
Massage as a Pr o fe ssio n Our ur ses' Pa ges
Col li e r y, mbulan ce New s
QUERIES AN D ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS ;_
Poisoning by Calcium Carbide
EDITORIAL.
INCREASE In the number of S.J.A.B. Divisions and personnel is conOVERSEAS. tained in the Annual Report of the Chief Commissioner, St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas.
There are now 565 divisions, 386 am bulance and 179 nursing, an increase of 25 since the last report. During the year, 50 new divisions were formed but disbandments, merging and adjustments accounted for 25 divisions being lost. In one instance, eleven divisions were merged into one, and four others formed to make one unit. Tbe actual loss therefore, was but 10 divisions.
A net increase in personnel of 437 is reported, the total now being 11,604 men and 3,900 nurses. The Cadet Branch of Brigade Overseas also shows good progress. Twenty-one new divisions were registered and the personnel increased by 114. The strength is now 1,608 am bulance and 1,376 nursing, a total of 2,984.
Many instances of excellent work done by Brigade mem bers at major catastrophies are given, including the Quetta earthquake on May 31st, 1935, when over 12,000 dressings were dealt with and 1,400 cases evacuated.
Awards presented during the year include 162 Service Medals and 106 Service l\ledal Bars. Other awards include 12 Grand Prior's Cadet Badges, 586 adult efficiency and 984 cadet efficiency awards in addition 101 proficiency bad ges were presented to cadets.
Reports from the Dominions are incorporated in the Report and make very interesting reading. Thus from Australia we learn that all senior officers in New South Wales have recei ved instruction in anti-gas measures. In l\1alta the same subject has also received attention, surgeons attending a special course on "Medical Aspects of Chemical \.\1 arfare."
UNIFORM for '. all V.A.D. Detachments COMPLETE OUTFIT FOR B,R.C.S. MEMBERS Consisting of Coat, Cap, Dress, Apron, Collar, Cambric Cap , Slee\'es, Belt, lor £4 -1 -6 FOR ST. JOHN AMBULANCE SISTERS Comprising Coat, H at, Dress, Apron, C o llar, Cuffs, Belt, Gloves, for £3 -18 - 0 Nurses' Outfitting Association, Ltd I, Carlyle BuildingSTOCKPORT L ondon: Abbey H ou se West RED CROSS APRON Wrire for new, fu lIy illustrared catalogue and derailed price Recruits Strength The dietetic value of Oxo IS recognised as bemg supenor to home made beef ... tea. Readil) digested and assimilated by the patient , it is qUIckly and easily prepared. The Perfect minster, S. \V I. Liverpool 57, Rens b aw "t reet Man chester ,6. King Stred Birmingham 1, Ryder Slreet ewcastle26, N Orthu m berla n d S r. S outba mpton 135, High Streer Glasgow III, Union Stre er list. Sent immediately without obligation Fluid Diet " ST. JOHN COAT Ambulance made Loading and Unloading Simple by Using HURST " (PATENTED) BASED ON STRETCHER EQUIPMENT 20 YEARS EXPERIENCE. Both Stretchers are of the Sliding Tray Type, Top Stretcher Tray Mounted on Oil Balance Gear. No Springs, Locks or Mechanical Gadgets used. Impossible to Drop or Jar the Invalid. Unit Self-Contained. -1 UNLOADING AN AMBULANCE THE "HURST WAY. Send for Illustrated and Descriptive Leaflets. ] CHARLES HURST, LIMITED, Montgomery Street, Belfast. Jmacr AID C(lg'be lnbeptnhtnf Journal for rl}e Ambulance nub
No. 509.-VoL. XLIII. NOVEMBER, 1936. [ Entered at ] Statio ners' Hall PRICE [3/6 PaR A NNUM, POST FREE NOTICE TO READERS. FIRST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3 d • Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send ArtIcles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes sugg
3}lui'sing
- - =======
Examination
Bicarbonate of Soda Wound of Abdominal Wall Performance of Artificial Respiration Position of Hands in Artificial Respiration First Aid for Burns Treatment of Carbide Poisoning 109 110 11 0 111 11 3 118 119 120 120 121 124 124 125 127 128 130 132 132 132 132 132 134 134 134
Howler
From all parts the tone of optimism is present; the work of the Order being carried on i n the spirit which we at home know so well.
St. John Ambulance Association EXMOUTH.
To inaugurate the ne,,, amb ulance service at E xmouth a church parade of Brigade members was held 111 Holy Trinity Church, Exmouth, when o\'er 100 members from lo cal and surrounding- di"isions were on parade under the command of Counly Surgeon T. 11. Preece. Also on parade were representatives of local organisations.
The Rev. T G. Shelmerdine (Vicar of Littleham-cumExmouth) gave an inspiring address.
Following the service, the parade were the guests at tea of Sir Garbutt Knott, Bart. (President of the Centre).
The annual meeting of the Centre was held on vVednesday, October 7th, when it was announced that Sir Garbutt Knott, Bart., had given a handsome for annual petition among teams of Brigade 111 Devon. ?Ir Garbutt intimated that he would g Iv e a replIca to the W111ning team each year.
Mr. Harry A. La"" (chairman) presided the The secretary(Mr. W. J. Perriam) submitted hiS report, stating that marked progress had been made 1I1 every department. Additions had been made to ,the garage buildings and in January last the Exmouth "C. D. C. had asked the Associatiell1 to take over the ambulance work of the district. This had been agreed to and the service came into operation on October 1st. The Counc.il had handed o\ er their ambulance and a permanent driver had been engaged. The Centre's own ambulance had carried 61 patients and travelled 1561 miles dur ing the year.
The Town Briga de Division, under Supt. H. S outhwell had increased its numbers, whilst the Police and Fire Division, und e r Inspector R. Holmes, had become a live force.
During the year 137 cases r ece iv e d attention and, in addition, 104 on the beach.
The continuous and generous support of the Centre's President had been officially recognised and, in May last, he was invested with the insig-nia of Commander of the Order of St. John. Amb Officer J. Matthew s was at the same time invested as Serving Brother of the Order.
The financial report was presen te d by Mr. A. L. E. Berlyn (treasurer).
Sir Garbutt Knott handed to County CommlsslOner H. J. Vick the new trophy, which Mr. Vick g-ratefully acknowledged.
Before the m eeti ng closed Mr. Vi ck addressed those present on the work of A. R. P. DAGENHAM.
A grand variety concert was Leld on Sunday, October 18th at the Gaumont Palace, Chadwell Heath. in aid of and a grand concert it was in every sense-support, artistes, arrangements, etc.
In the unavoidable absence of Capt. W. Goodley, M.C., Commissioner, Mr. E. Howard, Supt. Dagenham Division, presided at the opening ceremony, supported by Mrs. Howard (Centre Secretary) and others. He put forward the aims and objects of the Association and Brigade, giving particulars of the work done in both branches. Mr. Howard tendered
thanks to the directors of lhe Gaul110nl Palace for placing the building at lhe Ccntre's disposal, to 1\lr. T. II. Holl!day, the manager, for arranging th e programme, to the artistes, and to all present for their upport.
1\1r. Holliday said he was always pleased to assist such a worthy cau e, and was of the opinion that credit was due to 1\1r. Bartlett (tr eas urer) fflr the imm e n se amount of work he had done to make the eyent so successful.
vVithout mor e ado the concert tart d, with Rupert Hazel as comoere. Ian)' stage and B. B. C. tars perfomed to the appreciation of the audicnce, which number d some 1,700 persons.
Among those present wer e Mrs. Goodley, Dl s tn ct s.tafT officers and Brig-ade members from numerous surroundll1£; divisi o ns.
Turses from Fairl op Nursing- Di\'ision and Illell frolll Dagcnham Divi ion acted as attendants.
HULL.
Dr. K. H. Beyerley. who judged thc team (est of the "Carvcr" Cup competition, ga\'c S(1mC valunblc nd\'ice to competitors. IIe drew attcntion to thc fact that were not placed on the stretcher the corrcct way and team.;; did not realise that it was nece sar)' to ha,"c fl)ur folds of bl anket beneath the patient and t\\'o on top. Ir c followl'd this up with a d emonstration as in tructions on pages 210 and 211 of the T exlbook.
Lack of prompt covering of wounds to pI' ,ent contamination ; incorrect handlin g of a compound cOl1lminu(cd fracture by failing to takc a "nrm grip" above. and bela.,\ the fracture; failure to introduce a back pllnt to n\'old mO"ing the leg (he s ugge st d thnt point of the splint should be introduced under the knee 10mt and then gent Iy moved sideways under leg and foot); lack of understanding as to nature of Greenstick fracture that it io., bt III and reguires at ext r emities of bone on side and in centre on other side; failure to r cali e tha a bundle ,)f newspap e rs make a good of a b l;:nket to la)' patient d own o n, were other hlnl.s g-Iyen by the Judg-e Illuch to the appreciation of th e competitors.
Ch r istm as Greet i ng Car d s.
FOR members of the Order of St. ] ohl1, the .'tores Department at St. John' s Gatc have in to k 0>11e excellent Christmas cards.
Two are" Order" cards, being reproductions of two of the twenty-two pictures hanging on the ''''alls of t. John's Gate. They show nav a l activities of the productions are in colour and arc works of arl 111 exg ul s lt e dcsign. Prices are 6/ 6 per d ozen,. post free; a nd addresses can be printed on a speC ial flap at nomll1al price. They may be purchased members the and the Brigade undel regulatIOns goverl1l11g the weanng- of the Order's tie.
For the Brigade proper there is an excellenl " Regimental" card. The front is a cluster of draped flags, in colour, symbolising- the origin and of the ment, together with the Badge of the Brigade. InSIde IS slotted to take two sizes of photographs , so that units may insert pictures of local interest. There is available a splendid photograph of St. John'S Gate which can be purchascd with the cards.
Prices are 3d. each, or 2/ 6 per dozen, without the photograph or 4d. each and 3 6 per dozen with the photograph all post free. Name and address can be added at a nominal charge.
Early application to the Stores Dept. SL John's Gate London, E C.1, is recommendec;l.
Naval Sick Berth Staff.
*
Extracts trom the Man ual of Instruction FOR THE Royal
(Con!L'71ued /rom page 84.)
(6) TIJE EXCRETORY SYSTK\1.
Excreholl is the separation of the waste matters from the blood and their removal from the body.
A process of slow com bustion is constantly taking place in the body, and impurities and waste matters are bei ng formed. These i m puri lies are water, carbon di-oxide and urea.
The O,:!?,alls 0/ Excrehon are the lungs, the skin and the urinary oraans.
The Lu ngs excrete carbon di-oxide and water, and are described under Respiration.
The kin consists of two layers, the Epidermis or cuticle, and the Dermis or true skin.
The l!-Jn'dermz's consists of several layers of cell, the surface ones being fiat, hardy and scaly. These outer cells are being constantly rubbed off, and the cell beneath them become hard and scaly to take thei r place. I t is thickest on those parts exposed to pressu re, such as the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands. The surface is perforated by small holes known as pores, which are the open i ngs of the sweat glands.
The Epiderm is con tai ns no blood vessels or nerves, and is used to protect the sensitive Dermis under it.
Thc Dermis is touah and elastic, and consists of two layers. The outer layer, lying directly under the Epidermis, has minute eminences called Pap -dIce, which are very sensitive, and form the organs of touch. Each papi Iia con tai ns a nerve ending. The inner layer of the Dermis consists chiefl)' of fi brous tissue and fat.
The Dermis is connected to the underlying parts, such as muscle or bone, by a layer of connective tissue called the Subcutaneous t-t'ssue.
lIIucous Memb7;ane is the tissue lining the respiratory tract and the alimentary canal, and is continuous with the skin at the lips, nostrils, and anus. It is composed of epithelial cells and secretes lVlucu,s
*Reprinted by perl111SSl0n of the Controller of 11.1\1. Stationery OJ1ice. Copies of the manual can be had of H. M. Stationery Office, Adastral House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2, or any branch, price 4/5d. post free.
ApPENDAGES OF THE SKIN.
The Skin contains sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair, and nails.
The Sweat, or Sudoriferous glands, excrete the sweat. They are minute coiled-up tubes, with an opening on the surface of the skin.
The Sebaceous glands, or fat glands, are found in most parts of the skin, they are especially abundant in the scalp and face, but absent in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. They secrete an oily substance, which lubricates the skin and the hair.
Haz'r is found on almost all parts of the skin. Each hair consists of a root and a stem, the root being the growing part of the hair. The base of the hair is embedded in a follicle.
The Naz'ls are modified epiderm is.
The Functzons of the Skin are :-
(1) To act as a protective covering for the body, keeping the underlying parts from injury, and bacteria from entering the body.
(2) To contain the organs of touch.
(3) To excrete waste products by the sweat glands. Perspiration is continually going on, but is not visible except when excessive, as the moisture evaporates from the surface of the body as soon as it is excreted. Sweat contains water, and a small amount of carbon dioxide and urea.
(4) To regulate the body temperature. The evaporation of the sweat cools the body and so keeps the temperature constant. Excessive or visible sweating is called Diaphoresis, and is caused by heat, exercise, fever and certain drugs called diaphoretics.
THE URINARY ORGANS.
The Urina7Y Organs consist of the kidneys, ureters, b ladder and urethra.
The Kidneys, two in number, are situated at the back of the abdomen, one on either side of the vertebral column.
Their shape is characteristic. The outer border is convex; while the inner-towards the vertebral column-is concave, and presents a deep fissure, where the blood vessels and ureter enter and leave
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Each kidney is about + inches in length , 2 in breadth, 1 in thickness, and weighs abo u t 5 ounces. It is surrounded by a strong fibrous capsu le, on removing which the surface is seen to be smooth and reddish brown in colour.
To study its structure the kidney must be cut longitudinall y from the convex to the concave border. In the centre is a cavit y called the P elv z's, from which springs the ureter. Projecting into this cavit y are the cone shaped apices of several Py ramids, which are surrounded b y the cortex
On examining sections of the kidne y under the microscope, it is found to consist of fine tubes which spring from little tufts of blood vessels. These tubes run one into the other, and finally open into the pelvis of the kidney.
The cortex contains the tufts of blood vessels, and the pyramids the larger tubes.
The Ureters , two in number, are the tubes which carr y the urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The y spring from the pelvis of the kidney and run downwards in the abuomen to open in the bladder.
The Bladder is the reservoir for the urine. It is a hollow muscular bag lying in the pelvis in fron t of the rectum. The muscular tissue is i nvoluntary. The interior is lined with mucous membrane.
The F u ncti on o f th e Kidney s is to excrete urea, salts and water, which together form the urine. Urea is a waste product formed in the liver a n d muscles, and passed in the blood to the kidneys, where it is excret e d. The urine passes down the ureters to the bladder , which, when full, is emptied through the urethra in the act of Mz'ct u ri1£011
Urine is a pale straw coloured fluid, acid , and having a specific gravity of from 1015 to 10 2 5. The avera g e amount passed a da y is 50 ounces. it is more watery and abundant in cold weather, as less w ater is excreted by the skin.
(7) TH E OR G AN S OF THE SPECIAL SENSE S
These are the Skin, Tongue , Nose, Ears and Eyes.
The Skz'n, Tong ue and Nose have already been descri bed.
The Ear is the special organ of the sense of hearing, and is divided into three parts-the e x ternal, middle, and internal ear.
The E x ternal Ear consists of the Pinna and the External Meatus or Aud£tory Canal
Th e P£1zna is composed of a thin plate of cartilage covered with skin, and its use is to conduct sound into the External Meatus
The E x ternal JJtfeatus, or Ear Hole, is about 1 inch in length, and extends from the pinna to the ear drum. It is lined with skin, contains hairs and secretes ear wax.
The Mzddle Ear is a small cavity in the temporal bone. It is separated from the external ear by the Tympam'c lIfe 'mb1'ane, or ear drum, wh ich is a piece of mem brane stretched across the external meatus . The middle ear opens into the back of the throat by a tube called the Eustachion Tube. TherE: is, therefore, air on both sides of the ear drum. Conneccing the ear drum with the i nterna l ear is a chain of three littl e bones, called the Ossicles. The middle ear also connects with some air cells in the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
The Internal Em' consists of a central cavity which communicates with the three semi-circular canals, and with a spiral tube like a shell, called the Cochlea.
Hearz'ng. - Sound approaches the external ear in the form of waves, which are collect e d by the pinna and pass along the external meatus to strike the tympanic membrane- the t y mpanic m e mbrane having air freel y circulating on both sides is able to vibrate. If the Eustachian tubes become blocked up, as in a cold in the thro a t, deafne s s ensues, because air cannot circulate freel y on both sides of the d ru m, and the latter can not vibrate.
The vibrations of the drum are carri e d acro s the chamber of the middle ear b y the ossicles to the cochlea, where delicate nerve e ndin g s [rom the auditory nerve transm i t these im pressions to the brain.
The semi-circular canals are not connected with hearing, but g ive knowledge t o the br a in of the position of the head.
The E y e is the special or g an of th e sens e of sight.
The E yeball is g lobular in shape, and li es in a bon y cavit y called the orbit, surrounded with fa t. I t has three co a ts - the Sclerotic, th e h o roid, and the Retina . The Sclerotz'c, or outer coat, is composed of tough fibrous tissue.
It covers only the posterior five-sixths of the eye, the anterior one-sixth being occupied by the Cornea.
The Cornea is continuous with the sclerotic, and is com posed of transparent tissue, which allows the rays of light to enter the e y e.
The C/wroz'd, or middle coat, consists mainly of :: mall arteries, and veins carr y in g blood to the eye. It covers only the posterior five-sixths of the eye, the anterior one-sixth being occupied by the iris.
(To be contz'nued.)
We are prepared to supply Ambulan c e Se c retaries and others with specimen copies of this Journal for distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers, FIRST AID, 46 Cannon St.• London E.. C .-.
St. John Ambulance B rigade
rJeadquarters and Dz'strz'ct Reports.
No. I ( Prince of Wales 's) District.
\ VESTERX ARE \.-A " c r y c nj oyable eve ll111 g
\\ as spent by oye r 250 membe r s a n d f ri end s at t h e 5th a n nua l oe ial of t h c \ Vc tern Ar ea , h cld on Tuesday, O cto b c r 7t h , at Cax t on II a ll v\ rcstmi n s t e r. A ll guc t \\ c r e r ccei\'cd by A sst. Co m m iss ioner 'W a rr c n a n d M r s. \\ 'a n 'e n wh o w elcomed officc r s of the District incl uding A sst. Comm i ssione r Cap t. Fe n ton (Centra l Area), L ady DIst r ict upt. Miss vVal k e r) District O ffice r s, Bu r ton, G r ecn, a n d P asco, w h o wc r c accompanied by t h ci r ladlcs, Lady D ist r ict O ffice r s )'l iss G r ind ly and )' lr s :MacFa d dcn. A rca Offi cc r s p r escnt inc ludcd Co u nty ur geo n G. 1\.. 11. \ V r ang h am ) D i , t ri ct Officers F. Cla r idge and F " l r atto n a n d L ady Dist r ict Officer RobinIa, \ i cOllnlc ' .:'-lo11ntga rr et. \\ a held in the Main II all to 11111 IC supplicd b) the" .\ l elwnian " Band, Amb . Officc r ] . O w c n s 70 (Royal Borough of Ken JJ1 gton) Diyi ion acting <t .' master oi ceremonics ;\1r. \\ arrcn prcsided at the supper intcn a l and) after g i \ ing the 10) a l toast. brokc a \\ ay j rom prccede n t by addrcsslng the gatheri n g , lI e r cacl a letter f r om the.: Co III 111 I ' IOller rcg r LllIng h is inab i li t) to h e present, a n d al o one fr0111 P ll.: r. 1\1r. \V a r rcn exp r essed hi s thank to the officer ' and all rank for the exce llent r e n It to appeal jor l1 e\\ member'. lI c had a ked fo r 250 and already 3()0 had bcen enrolled. Hc refcrred to th c dutil'') to he undertaken ncxt ycar, but w as confident member" \\ ould earn these out 111 the successf ul way that pa dutlc had be'cll done. Dancing cont111ued until a Jat hou r ; and cong r atu latIon are due to the organiSI n g committcc fo r such a splendId c\'Cl1ing,
LF.':\TR \L RE.\.-Tu thi L \ reCl ha fallc n t h e h o n o ur of the first rca AR.P. Cour c of :0Jo, L D i , t r ict.
OInC ixt)' member attended the cour c \\ hich \\ Cl h elel on aturda) s, October 2-+ th . 3 1 t) O\ embcr 7t h a n d 14 t h at 1 1, Aldersg ate 'treet.
Capt. FcnLon ( sst. Commis iu n c r ) ga yc a s h o r t ope nl11g add r e a n d was y e r y pleased to see 0 m a n y p r e e n t. . o r ps upt. A E. \\ c ll s (A. R. P Offi ce r ) \\' a t h e a n d he w as a si ted, as lcct ur e r s by 1\ Ie' r .
E. 'vV. J ackson) C E. Bo w c r) ] tandingfo rd, L. F. Elvin ,
L. All um and G L ishman
As t h e r esu lt of t h is class it is h oped to a u gme n t t h e n umber of Grade 2 in t ru cto r s.
K\S T l1.\1\1.-0n a tur day, O cto be r 17t h ) t h e a nnu a l a nd I nt er Di st ri ct Compet i t io n [ o r the Jaco bs lI ve r Ch allenge C up a nd m eda l s, was h e ld at L at h.o m R oa d S ch oo l, E ast Ham. E ig ht t eams comp e t ed , h e b e ll1 g :, t est) Ca p t. F. E Ben d ix (A s st. Co m m lsslO n e r ), Dl st n ct. Offi ce r s C. J. Fi tc h a nd H a in e ; v Iva. y oce, Dl stnct O ffi ccr C. E Bo w e r ; indivi d u a l p r act Ica l, Co r ps S u pt T. E vVa ls lcy tag in g of th e t. eam tc t w a s excellent. On t h c ro o m compct ito r s fO lln d th ems elv e in a typ ic a l co untr ysi d e sc en e co mpl cte with f a rm e r's h Oll e t w o dogs, fe n cin g a nd a y e r y r ca li t.i c h ay ri ck , g:r a co v e r ed th e a r c n a fl oo r.
Th c fa r me r h ad been" ce le br ating" and sta r ted c h asin g ima g in a ry ca t s a n d dogs Up t h e h ay r ic k he went but o n e n deavo urin g to ta k e a ca n of tea h e s li p pcd and fell h eav il y sp illin g th c b o ilin g tea o ve r h i s fo r ea r m. Th i s was t oo mu c h fo r o n e of thc fa r m h a n d s w h o fell f r om hi s j ob of t h atc hi ng a r oo f a nd s u stai n ed a f r actu r ed co ll a r bo n e Th e f ar me r o n exam in ation was fo u nd to be s uff e r in g alco h o li c p o isoning, h aemo rr hage f r om l eft ea r, f r act ur ed l e ft fi b ul a, d islocated l eft elbo\\' and a se y e r e sca lde d left fo r ea r m Th e r e w as a lar ge n umbe r of i nterested spectato r s i ncl u d in g th e Comm issione r , Capt. Goodley and l1r s. Good ley, Di s tr ic t Offi ce r G r ee n and :'1r s G r een) L ady Di s tri c t Offi ce r l\lrs. Morri s h, th e D e pu ty :\1r s A . Ta y l o r , Co un ci ll o r B o ul twood and :'lr s . Bo u lt\Vood)
:'Ir s. H a r pc r , Co r ps S u pt. Smith (A. R .P O fficer) and ot h e r s
A t th e completion of the tests the result was an n ou n ced as f o ll o w s : I , East Ham (Co r pls , Muddle, T udo r , Ptes, Gibba r d, Poo ley and Bax), -+ 3n points; 2, Sout h cn d , 43 01; 3 , Beckton 4261; 4) \ Ve t H am. 5, Ba r king, 3941; 6, D age nh am, 37 71; 7, R oyal Ar senal, 8, F a ir lop, 222i
Capt Good ley p r ese nt ed t h e J acobs" Cup to East H am; t h e" E dith vVa r d" Cup to outhe n d ( ru n n ers up), and t h e "Cadet A mble r 's" Ch a llenge S h ield to Cade t Malc \\' ho w a the wi nne r fo r 19 36 Other p r e e n tations in cl u ded t h e Sen ice ),ledal to Carp I. \V. S t u tchb ur y and S e n i ce Ba r s to Supt . A . E. A. A m bl cr, ta ff -e r gt. Hi cks a n d Pte Canham T hc organisation and arrangements we r e made by S u pt. A mb l e r , a sisted by A mb. O ffi ce r :' I orris h , and is to be co n g r a tul atcd on p r o 'idi n g a setting \\ hich leit not h ing to be imag in ed.
G.R \Ys - On O c t obe r 21 st, a v c r y en j oyable evening was g l" c n to G r ays Amb u la n ce and X ur ing Cadets in the H a ll. Cadet s came p r epared fo r a good time and It \V a eVIde n t b y th e look on thei r faces that t h e ir ex pecta ti o ns w e r e f ully r ea lised L ady u pt. 1\lrs. Hary ey w a s a ve r y capab le ),1. c., ass ist ed b y L ady Ca d et upt. Mrs. L a n g , and Cade t Offi ce r J ac kson. A y a ri et y o f game s , \\ i t h a few dances in bet w ee n , w e r e k een ly fo ll o w ed by t h e boys a n d a i rls t h e bo ys b u n ca tin o co n test) t h e h at t r i m m i n a com p et;t iOl; and O Gr a dy , in wh ic h a ll pa r ticipated ca u a g r eat deal of amu seme n t.
Tim e fl ed 0 q u ic kly t h at it \\' as not possib l e to i nc lu de a ll t h e it ems arra ngcd , a nd at 10 .1 5 the ocia l came to a clo s e Th e eage r an d h ap p y \Y ay wi t h \\ hi c h a ll nents w e r e f o ll o \\' ed amp ly r epa id t h o e wh o h ad o r ga n ised t he m ee t1l1 g .
No . 4 ( L E nO N AND L EYTON TONE) DI VI SION - A co urs e o f lec t.ur es on " Fir t Aid t o t h e In j ur ed" \\'ill b e h eld at G ooda ll R oad S c h oo ls , L ey to n , E.10, co mmencing vVedn e day, January 6 t h) 1937, fo ll owe d by a co ur e of Nursin a " le c t ur es. F ur t h e r pa r t ic u la rs can be obtamcd from A m b. Offic e r P J effries, 7 1 el by R oad, L ey tonston e, E.11.
o. 20 DIVI SIO N -T h e a nnual c hur c h
112 FIR S T
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parade held on Sunday, October 25th, at the Trinity Presbyterian Church 'was a great success.
Asst. Commissioner Dr. W. Arthur Rees, was in charge of this, his first since his promotion, parade supported by County urgeon T. ]. Hollins, Diy Surgeon Noel Farman, and Diy. upt. F. e. Flatman.
ome l30 member were present being led by Di trict Officer e. T. Osborn with Lady District Officer 1Irs. 1IacFadden in charge of the Nurses.
District Headquarters \vas repre ented by District Officers Green and Roust.
The service was conducted by the Rev. J. Chalmer Lyon.
Following the service the parade was inspected by Dr. Corbet Fletcher)' Surgeon-in-Chief, \vho congratulated the members on their smartness, and later took the salute when the parade marched past and proceeded on a short route march.
o. 44 (ACTO);" Al\l) HAr-nIERS1IITII) Dn'lsION.-A fine muster of men, nurses and cadets of the Acton and Hammersmith and neighbouring Diyisions parade for the annual church parade, under Supt. T. Appleton. Headquarter's Staff was represented by District Officers Claridge and Standing ford, Corps Supt. \iValsby and others.
The parade, headed by the Shepherds Bush ilver Band, marched to the Primitiye Methodist Church,
fecting and deoderising the interior and has accommodation for two stretcher cases. The adj listable stretcher ha Loma rubberized hair heel and pillows.
Among other toasts was that of "Our Visitors" which elicited an eloquent response from Mr. T. E. Naylor, J.P M.P.
No. 87 (SHOREDITcrr) Division.-On Monday, October 19th the "Record and Honours" Board, presented by Mr. Arthur T. Parry, J.P. (Divisional President) was unveiled at the horeditch Town Hall by the Rev. M. G. Davis (Vicar of All Saints).
The Division paraded in the Entrance Hall) under Amb. Officer A. C Harris, being inspected by the Mayor of Shored itch (Collncillor W. Davies) J.P.) who was accompanied by Capt. Fenton (Asst. Commissioner), County Surgeon Russell Steele, District Officer 1cBride, Diy. Surgeon Dr. Charzen, 1\1r. A. T. Parry, the Vicar of Shoreditch (the Rev. R. L. Pelly) and others.
The Vicar of Shoreditch presided over the ceremony and asked the Rev. Davis to unveil the Board.
The Rev. Davis said he had great admiration for the work of the Brigade, the members being ready at all times to render assistance without reward.
A 10.
"The 114th Division." The Division was formed in 1930 and registered in 1933, and he was very proud of the efficiency and the interest taken by members. Every year had seen a 100 per cent. pass in examinations. Now the Division had just completed an A.R.P. class and he hoped for a similar pass in this subj ect. They were looking forward to a visit of inspection by their Assistant Commissioner. Mr. Deadman thanked the wives and sweathearts of the men for their assistance in allowing their menfolk to carry out the duties.
Sergt. J. Mann replied in a humorous way. The Division were very fortunate in having two fine officers and great credit was due to Dr. Watson and Amb. Officer Deadman for their untiring services.
Capt. White Knox, responded- to the toast of "Our Guests" proposed by Dr. Watson. He was very pleased to be present at this his first annual dinner in Southern A rea. He was a stranger in the Area but he wished to get among the Divisions not only on official occasions but during social functions. The Division was indeed fortunate in having such an excellent Surgeon and Officer-
Dedication of Acton and Hammersmith Oi\ ion' 'ew Ambulance.
The need for a new ambulance can be gleaned from the following records of the Division for last year. Public duties, 5,279; cases treated, 1,468; accident and remo\'als
Grays Cadet Division.
Hammersmith where the Rev. W. Schofield conducted the dealt with by the old ambulance, 66; miles covered, 1,071. service. The minister's address was concerned with" do- Extra calls for ambulance and men were covered ing good" following the example of the Good Samaritan. including Royal Garden Party at Buckingham Palace, The large congregation included the Mayor of Acton Royal Flower Show, race meetings at Ascot, Epsom, (Councillor T. e. Mercer), the Deputy Mayor of Hammer- Hurst Park, Sandown and Kempton Park, boat-race, smith (Ald. A. Belsham) and Sir Marshall Hays, J.P., Hendon Air Pageant, and the funeral of Earl Beatly. M.P.
Following the service the dedication of the new ambulance of the No. 44 Division took place before a large gathering outslde the Church. The increasing activities of this Division necessitated the purchasing of the new ambulance, the cost of which was raised by dances, whist drives, etc., and the kindness of donors.
The new ambulance is a 27 h.p. Vauxhall, coachwork by Messrs. H. Lomas, Ltd., of Manchester built to the requirements of Supt. T. S. Appleton. It 'is of all-cream colour car:ies a special illuminated "accident" sign. Its eqUlpment mcludes means for heating, cooling disin-
No. 68 (CITY OF LONDON) Division. The annual dinner and concert of this Division was held on ovember 7th, at the Old Bell Restaurant, Holborn, Div. Supl.
T. W. Wells being in the chair.
Some 45 members and guests were present and passed a most enjoyable evening.
Mr. H . H. Gibbons, Chairman of the Amalgamated Press Athletic and Sports Club proposed the toast of the Brigade to which Dr. N Corbet Fletcher, Surgeon-inChief, r esponded
Mr. Parry, in response to a vote of thanks for his presentation, said he was very pleased to do his bit to show his appreciation of the Division's self sacrificing work. He was certain that they had saved many lives by their voluntary services.
The Mayor also expressed his appreciation of the work carried out by the Brigade and referred to the excellent work done by the late Supt. Hatley.
The Board is of highly polished oak, consists of five panels, surmounted by the Badge of the Brigade. On it particulars are given of National, District and Divisional competitions, officers of the Division and distinctions gained by members.
No. 114 (L.e.e. TRAMS) DrVISION.-The first annual dmner of this Division, held on October 28th, proved a great success. A gathering of about 70 was presided over by Dr. W. G. Watson (Div. Surgeon), supported by Mrs. Watson, Capt. A. e. White Knox, M.e., M.B. (A sst. Commissioner), Amb. Officer G. e. D. Deadman (Officerin-Charge) and others
Following the loyal toast, Mr. Deadman proposed
in-Charge and he hoped to take an early opportunity of inspecting the Division. He greatly appreciated the hospitality extended to him.
Thanks were extended to CorpI. Munday, Dinner Secretary, for his excellent efforts in arranging such a success ful event.
At the request of Amb. Officer Deadman all present stood in silence to the memory of Mr. Townsend, founder of the Division.
Mrs. Watson then presented awards as follows: " Jones" Efficiency Cup (Privates only), e. H. Ebbs; "Watson" Shield (Privates only) also to e. H. Ebbs. The runner-up in each case was Pte. F. e. Brewer and to him a special consolation medal will be given, being the gift of a visitor present. Also presented were awards gained at the annual examination.
Dancing followed the dinner) Corp!. Preston carrying out the duties of M.e.
No. III. District.
NUNEAToN.-During the construction of a new main
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No.1 H (L. C. C. Trams) Division, First Annual Dinner.
in ..I. uneaton eyen men were affected by gas and had it not been for the prompt scryices of thc Brigade, a very serious state of affairs would havc occurred. As it was one of the affected men 10 t his life.
Corp Officer Bonham and Supt. Harris did yeoman seryice applying a rtificial respiration) in addition to these two officers several men left their work to render assistance.
At a rec e nt J uneaton Town Council Meeting the l\layor (Councillor T. L. Liggin) paid tribute to the serYice rend e red; as al 0 did the Coroncr at the ub cquent inque t on the man who died.
No. IV . District LANCASHIRE.
AccRINGTox.-Teams from East Lancashire competed at Accrington on Saturday, October 31st, for the beautiful challenge cup presented by the late A sistant Commissioner Dr. Pim.
The judges were Corps Surgeon R. J. Clarke, oral; Divisional Surgeon J. S. Cooper, practical; Corps Supt. Millington, uniforms and pouches} and Corps Officer Hodgkinson, stretcher drill.
The results were declared as follows :-Brierfield, 385L )J elson} Burnley" B," 34n; Padiham, 33-+; Accrington, and Burnley" A,"
On Saturday, October 2-hh, the following ursing Divisions were repres ented in the competition for the silver cup presented by Assistant Commissioner Dr. R. Clegg; Accrington, Burnley' A" and "B," CaIne} Brierfield, and Rawtenstal!. The judges were Div. Surgeon P. H. Stewart and Lady Distr i ct Supt. 11rs. E. Tweedale. Accrington ursing DivislOn were declared the winners, and in the junior competition) for the cup presented by thc late "Mrs. Clegg, Burnley Cadet Division obtained the premier place.
BURXLEY.-At a social gathering at the Colne Road Headquarters, awards were presen ted by Mrs. Davids on, wife of one of the DiYlsional Surgeons, in the absence of 11r. C. H. Stafford, General l\lanager of the Burnley, Colne and Nelson General Transport Committee.
Arthur Dickinson, the Centrc Secrctary, prcsented a very pleasing report and mentioned particularly the work among Cadets which had been yery successful and of inestimahle value during the ycar. He also rcferred to the Presidency of Lord Shuttleworth, who had occupied that position for 52 years, and in which he had taken a very real interest.
Corps Supt. Colburn paid tribute to the work of the Centre Secretary, spoke of the growing strength of the Corps and the work entailed in the Brigade in Air Raid Precautions.
The "Dickinson" Cup was presented to the team led by Corpl. J. 11ills, Corp!. Cleggs' team obtaining second place, and Sergeant Connell's team 3rd. The Individual prize for N.C.Os. was won by CarpI. J. l1oorhouse, and Pte. W. Ashworth received the one for privates.
H ASLIXGDEN.-Recently Mrs. Tweedale, C.B E., J.P., Lady Distric t Supt. No. 4 (Lancashire) District} was presented with an inscribed fountain pen by the Mayor of Haslin gden (Councillor W. F. Thacker) as a token of appreciation from the members of the Air Raid Precautions Class, of which she has been the instructor.
LrvERPoOL.-On Friday, October 30th, the Liverpool
AID.
:K orth Ambulance and Cadet Division held a Cadet parents' night and de pile the inclemant weather over 50 parents attended. Diy. -llPt. J Tahernacle the proo-ramme which included a Cadet team compctll1on, of prizes and re-e.xaminatiol1 awards.
Four teams competed in the competition and only elevcn marks separated first and fourth teams. o. 2 team, captained by orp!. F G Barlow, gained first place \\"ith marks, No.3 leam, captain, ergt. Long, being econd with 129.
Councillor C. R. Clare. Div. President, e.xtenclcd a hearty welcome to thc parents and Offic e rs of the Lin rpool Corps, and \Va of the opinion that the} \\ auld agree with him that the boys \\ ere being trained in a \\ondnful ser"ice. He wa proud to be a ociated with such an that was g-i\·ing sllch nl1 tinted service. particularly in the north end of Liverp ool. Ill' referred to the Torth Division" Road first aid hut \\ here 206 cases had been treated -ince the opening of the hut in , \pril. 1935. The Division \\ a growing' in strength and he \va pleased to learn that they now numhered 60, with. in addition. 37 Boy Cadets. Mr. Clare then presented the priZL. to the fir t and second teams and annol1ncl cl that h e \\ as () plea ed with the \\"ork that h e \\'ou1d g'ive a fountain pen to each m embe r of the losing- teams.
Supt. Tabernacle a oc;ated hill1s el f \\ ith tile rCllla rks of the Prcsident and appealed to the parents to the boys to maintain their interest in the \\ o rk. They were fortunate in the sen'ices oJ: t\\O such capable o fficers as Cadet upt. J. II. Parry and 'add Officer II. Farrington, hoth of whom were po se sed oj infinite patience.
The members greatly appreciated the presence of the following Corps Offic ers: Dr. \Y. Cairns. eRE.. CO\.
D. C. Leyland Orton. T.n :-'I.R.C. ., Corps Off1cer \\T. E. Searl, Lady Corps Offi cer :\Ir :-'1. Rail i. :\1. Rella sis. 11iss E. A. Craig, and others.
Both Dr. Cairns and Col. Orton 0 f the yalue () f the Cadet movement to the Dri.!.?:ac!e and wcn' hoth extremely pleased to haY e \\'itne sed tlch fine .\\'o rk of the Cadets in the North Division.
On Octoh e r 28th, the LiYcrpool Central Diyi . iOIl. the oldest Diyisi on in the Corps, and the Transport Diyisiol1 (the latest addition to the Corps) held a comhine dancc at the Grafton Rooms, where O\'er 500 people \\ cre pre ent. It was a great Stlcce s and among tho e present were Col.
D. C. Leyl a nd Orton, (Corp Surgeon and, 11pL). Hon. Corps Secretary \\T. E. ea rl. 11r. John Roherts (A ociation Secretary). 11r. W. J. Grace (President, Ccntral Division) and others.
Supt. F. C. Williams (Central) ane! Snpt. J. Anthony (Transport), were responsible [or the dance.
LYTIIAM, ST. ANNEs.-H ea rtiest congratulations are extended to Councill o r and Mrs. C. H. Riley on their appointments as Mayor and 11ayoress of the Boroug-h of Lytham, St. Annes. Councillor Ril ey is the President of the Lytham Diyisions and for many years has been an ardent supporter of the work ()f the Brigade.
MANcHEsTER.-The ninth annual officers' dinner of the Manchester and Salford Corps at the Victoria Hotel, Deansgate was attended by ahout 150 memhers and guests. Corps Surgeon Capt. N. W. Rawlings presided and among other guests were the Lore! Mayor, the Lady Mayoress, and the Commissioner.
Fopowing the toast of His Majesty The King, the Soverelgn Head of the Order, the Lord Mayor proposecl that of the Venerable Order ,of St. John and spoke with pride of the work performed by the members of the Corps ('It all seasons. Lady Dist r ict Supt. Mrs. E. T weeoa 1e ah l y
FIR::) T
responded, and Dr. Marion Maxwell Reekie proposed the toast of the Gl1ests to which the Commission<:r, i\lr. 'vV. G. Smith, replied. lIe congratulated the Corps on their efficicnC), and rdcrred to the \\ ork 1n Air Raid Precautions that had beLn and \\ as stilI being carried out.
Dr. W. F. Jackson proposed the toast of the Brigade and in respondin g County Officer J. A. K. Fearns, of the County of Cheshire, spoke of the need for further practical \\ ork in A.R.P. and that local authorities should construct decontamination centres, for respirator drill \\ as not sufficie nt to attract new memhers who desired to take up thls work.
Corps Supt." Taylor announced that a Doy Cadet of the J\rd\\'ick Division had ohtained thc rcquisite CertificaU: s for the award of thc Granel Prior's Badge, a statcment which \\as rcccin'd with applallse.
On the of the :\farch of the Unemploycd 30 memhe:rs 01 the Manchestl'r and alford Corps. undn Corps Officer Fox and Lacly "orps Miss IIal iday, periormed admirahk \\ ork in attendinJ' to a larO'c numher of "uffcrers.
Two cktachlllLllts of marchers arri\"cd which nece .sitatcd the contillgent of first aiders l)eil1''- t ransierrec\ quickly from one: part of the City to the 150 cascs \\'lre treated hut ielrtunately there \\"l'rl' JlO serious cl)ll1plications
SOl'TITl'OHT.-A large CTO\\ d 0 f supporters and \\"ellwlshl rs attcnded the en'ice organised hy the.outhp(Jrt (lrps on Sunday, OCtOI>L r 11 tho whell the nl'\\ :llCltor ambulance carriag'c was dedicatcd h\· Canon ans1, handed. over for service to Corps f hl' sen'lce \\ ;15 conducted hy Canon Harst on and prayers were led by the T{ e\·. Canon '. S. an:1 the RC'\'ercnds G. Barbcr, C. E. Tames." and J. L<:\\'lS, rcpre.enting the variouo.; in thl tOW11.
There \\as an e. cellent paradl' kd J1\- the British Le;':'lOl1 nand aile! amollg' thOSl lHl'Slllt \\ cre, the :\Ia\"or h(.) pre lCIed. the Comlllis. i()l1n ilir. \\'. C. Smith. the Corps President. Eg-all, S.B.St.]., Corps Supt. lIo1t and Yewcla1\, ancl Corps and Divi ional Officers.
St. A ""Es.-A yer} uccessfnl merican tea and autullln sale was held rlCL'ntly in aid of Drig-ade funds the Amhulance IlLaclquarter", St. Annes. The nm es 111 of the stalls sold various household Jams and clke O! their 0\\'11 making. Se\ eral Items werc up for .'lllCtlOll alld there wcre many g·ame. and \\'hlc1: he!ped the funds con idcrahh and plovldec1 an l11tcre SIde line during' the afternoon.
OBITlL\RY .-Tw o well kn()"'n amhulance workers Corps \V'. \\'illiams of Oldham. and }.Ir. B. H' \tVorswlck. Pres1dent ()f the Padiham and District pa sed away early tllis 1110nth. \Ve e.xtcnd to the hereav cd relatives our \'ery sincere sympathy.
N o. V. D is trict
NO·dITINCnAM.-The First Aid Station annually eql1lppe and staffed by the Nottino'ham Corps on occaSlOn of the f' h'::' , goo. e aIr, \\ lch was held this year 011 1st,. 2nd. and 3rd, ag-ain demonstrated the ::cesslt y for tIllS f o rm of Puh1ic Service. The tation s opened on Monday, September 28th, when the showmen began to arrive, and remained open unti S unday,
A I D. 11
Octoher 4th, when the fairground was cleared. Durin<r this pcriod 338 cascs were recorded but furtunately nonc ()f the pati<:nts rcceived seriolls inj ury, the majority consisting of faints, minor cuts and grazes. A proportion of the patients wcre the showmen themseh'es \\·ho revarious injuries in the course of their and ln many cases shewed their appreciation of the treatment gi ven by subscrihing- to the funds nf the C()rps. The Fir t Aid Station \\-as staffcd mainly by of the ursin,!; Division of the Corps, whilst the fair\\ as patrolled by memhers of the Ambulance Di\'isions. The arran!-!cments \\'cre under the supcf\'i ion of Corps A. C. \Veller and Lady Corps Supt. E. Pabn ,g, WIth the as istance of Corps 1Jr. H. G. Parker a nd other officers.
During the three davs of the Fair a childrcn's creche as in years hy Lady District Officer \tV Gib on. was staffed by officers and members of the Di\'i ions, where, in addition to lo oking after younger children \\-hilst their elde rs "i ited the fair a of temporar!iy ., lost" chi1dr<:n were salely entertal.lled untll claImed 11y their guardians. expreSSlOns of appreciation of their efforts were received hy the members 011 du ty at the creche, which is no\\' looked upon by the public a a regular institution at the fair.
On Octoher 15th, a ucces ful whist driyc and dance organised the Club, )Jotting-ham Corps, wa held at the Greyfnars Hall, :.\Totting-ham. \\'hen about 400 people attended. The arrangements \\'ere in the capable hands of CpI. L. :\lorland. the Hon. Sec. of the Club the :\1.Cs. being 1\Ir. G. Stroud for dancing and T for the whist drin.
The .e.O's. Club a1 0 arranged an outing to Black]19° 1 on Sunday, 19th, which \\'as attended by 6::> .and fnend. The parly left ::\otting-ham at 10 a.m. arnvmg at Blackpool 2.30 p.m. Tea \\'as taken at \\Tintcr. Gardens, and was folIm\'ed hy a motor coach drive_ to Vlew the illt,lmination after which the party \\ tree. to folIo\\" thelr O\\'n inclinati ons until the return whIch left at 10 p.m arriving back at Nottingham 111 the ea rly hour of morning.
No. VI. District .
An officers' conference was held in X ewcastle/Tyne on Saturday, October. 24th, and attended by nearly 140 and l\'ursll1g officers. A number of point concernl11g the work of the Brigade \\"ere discussed'- The conference \\-as honoured by the presence of the Assistant .(Dr.. \ V. C. Bentall) who gave an 111 plflng talk on All- Rald Precaution work. conference \\ as foIIO\\'ed by an officers' dinner. at whIch the Lord ::\layor of < Te\\"castle and the Actin;' Lady l\Iayore s we!"e .the principal o-uest , together \\"ith a llul.nber of other dlstmguished ,isitor. The toast of the Brwade. proposcd hy Sir Thomas Oliver (KniO'ht of Grace) was replicd to by Dr. Bentall that;f the'?; Civic Autho:ities" was. proposed by the Rev. H. G. Hasting of the Order) and the Lord ::\layor, in rcplYll1g. pald a tnbute to the work of the Brig-ade in the CIty; "Our .Guc ts," proposed by County Officer H. Crace (Sernn.g Brother) were represented, in reply, by County Counc1l10r 1\1. J. l\Iail and ::\1r. J. R. Andrews.
A most enjoyable evening \YaS spent, to \yhich the enterta111l11ent proYided by Messrs Tames 111ir. \ Villiam IIendry and A. Hall, greatly cont ri6 u ted.
116
FIRST
No. VIII. (Duke of Connaught'.s) DistrIct.
ADDIscoMBE.-The fifth annual service of the Addiscombe Division was held on Sunday, October 25th, at St. 1Iildred s Parish Church. Amb. Officer Scott was in charge of the parade with a detachment of nurses under 11iss O. Livingstone.
The Vicar (the Rev. Dr. C. \V. Budden) welcomed the members from the choir steps and, in his address, referred to the fact that the Division's ambulances had already this year travelled some 6,000 miles and carried nearly 800 patients; rendering first aid during same period to some 3,000 cases. For all you a r.e domg, continued the Vicar we thank you and we glVe thanks to God Who has upon you those gifts which you use in his service.
The Lessons were read by Privates Beadle and J. Lock.
HER:>''E BAY.-Some 110 men, nurses and cadets paraded at the King's Hall, on Thursday, October 29th, for the annual inspection which this year was carried out by Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher (Surgeon-in-Chief).
The inspecting officer was received by County Surgeon F. C. Cozens, Lady District Officer 1\1iss May, the Chairman of the Council (Councillor W. S. Pullinger), Councillor E. R. Pitt (President), the Clerk of the COlmcil (11. A. H. Edwards) and others.
Supt. A. Keeler was in charge of the parade, assisted by Transport Officer A. R. J. Creasey, Lady Supt. Miss M. Reynolds being in charge of the nurses assisted by Nursing Officer Miss A. Reynolds, and Lady Amb. Officer Mrs. Honey. The Girl Cadets '\' ere under :l\1iss H. Bentley and Miss A. Indermaur whilst P t e. vVilIiams was in charge of the Boy Cadets.
After inspecting the ranks, the pouches receiving great attention, Dr. Corbet Fletcher took the salute at the march past and then a display of stretcher and gasmask drill was presented. This was followed by individual tests which included every phase of ambulance work; particular attention being paid to artificial respiration.
In his address to the parade Dr. Corbet Fletcher said that, as he expected, he was perfectly satisfied with everything he had seen. Herne Bay had a complete St. John family, thus there was hope for the future as on the Cadets rested the prosperity of the work. He had nothing but praise for the work he had seen and his report to the Chief Commissioner would be that all is well with Hearne Bay.
Dr. Corbet Fletcher referred to the assistance received from the Urban Council, and that they were fortunate in having two excellent first aiders in Dr. Cozens and Dr. Hamerton and other officers doing yeoman work.
The Surgeon-in-Chief also referred to Transport Officer Creasey as " the man without whom we cannot get far," and stated that so far this year 362 removals and 39 road accident cases had been dealt with by the motor ambulance, which had travelled 5,269 miles. Since the opening of the first aid post, members had carried out 62 duties and attended 22 cases.
In conclusion Dr. Corbet Fletcher repeated his thanks to the Urban Council, to the doctors and those in charge, and all f.or the wonderful work they were doing.
CouncIllor Pltt expressed thanks to the Inspecting Officer. He was very proud to be associated with the Herne Bay Divisions; and mentioned that he had promised to give a cup for competition, the trophy to be presented at the annual meeting of the Divisions.
Councillor Pu1linger offered his congratulations to
A I D.
the Herne Bay Divisions which were the smartest he had ever seen. The services they renderd were greatly appreciated and he would the movement all the possible support he could.
Port of Bristol Authority.
The annual first aid competitions were held on Otcober 17th, when fjye teams. three from the Authority one each from the [ alional Smelting- Co., and John Robinson and Co., competed. Dr. J. A. L. Robert was the judge.
The test was the treatment of a man lying in a trench g-assed, and a f1Jrther patient who had fallen into the trench sustaining- severe injuries.
The result was 1st, Port Authority team No.1, 139 points 2nd, o. 3 team, 136 ; 3rd, John Robin on's team, 128; 4th, No.2 team, 119; 5th, National Smelting Co.'s team, 102.
Alderman E. 1\1. Dyer (Chairman, Port of Bristol Authority) who presided oyer the function and also the supper which followed, stated that 91 men the examinations in :'IIarch last as ag-ain t 77 the pr0\ IOU" year. The had obtained 3 certificates, 2 \'oucbcrs, 5
Notes on the Nursing of War Gas Cases.
By MAJOR NOR !JAN HAMMER, M.R.C.S.
(Concluded jro7l1 page 69).
NURSI G TREATMENT OF BLISTER CASES.
The Eyes may be affected by the vapour and by the liquid. Immed'l'ate and thorough washouts with water, normal saline, or mild lotions, will hel p to minimise damage. (\Vash out the eyes at Ollce, even it is with water from the water bottle or a stream).
sufferer that the eye-symptoms, which are so distressing him, will subside. She will be ordered to wash out the eye frequently with warm water or with the mild lotions referred to (i.e., normal saline, weak solutions of potassium and sodium permanganate). A drop of medicinal paraffin is placed between the eyelids to try and avoid sticking. If the discharge from the eye is yellow and " mattery," eye irrigations with weak silver sol utions will be ordered by the M.O.
Further procedure for eye cases are matters for the doctor and will not be deal t with here.
Nurses should note that the eyes of mustard patients should be bandaged only if espec£ally by the surgeon
The Sk£n.-Burns start as itckmg redness
TVestl'rn Daily Press c..", Bristol J.hrror Plz%graplz.
Port of Bristol Authority Competitions in Progres medallions and 39 labels. The staff of the 1\ ational Smelting Co. obtained 7 certificates, 3 vouchers, 1 medallion and 5 labels; of John Robinson and Co., Ltd., 2 certificates, 1 voucher, 1 medallion and 6 labels. Eight members of the Bristol City and Marine Ambulance Corps were also successful.
At Bristol Centre, S.].A.A., annual competitions three Authority teams entered. No.3 team won the" Mather" cup and was second in Novices' contest; No.1 team secured second place in the" Beavis" cup competition and third in the" Laving-ton" cup contest.
Concluding- his remarks Alderman Dyer mentioned that up to March 31st last over 1000 cases were treated at the docks surgery and 205 patients removed by the ambulance.
Presentations were made to Drs. Gorham and Burgess and Messrs. H. Owen. A. E. B. Hitchin, and S. J. Austin in appreciation of services rendered during the past vear.
The "DECORATORS' & PAINTERS' (8d. monthly) Is THE trade paper for all interetited." Publtshin& Office: ,46, CaoDon Street, E.C.,..
Anti-Gas :::'chooJ, Falfidd.
Left-Correct Method of Wearing Protective Clothing with Respirator.
Top right-Working in Protective Clothing H.S. Compound.
Bottom right-Decontamination by Hosing of H. S. Substitute, Small Pressure of \Vater at First.
A minute drop causes a condition which makes the sufferer, by the time he reaches the Nurse at the hospital, present a picture in which the eyes are inflamed, and the lids and conjunctiva swo ll en, with much discharge. Swelling increases, and cornea l ulceration occurs. This condition may lead to severe and permanent damage to the eye or not-according to the thoroughness and rapidity of the immediate first aid treatment.
In hospital, the Nurse should reassure the
which can be relieved with calamine lotion, evaporating lotion, or solution of pot. pemang. Both dusting powders and certain ointments have been recommended.
Blisten.--Note that when the blister bursts or is opened, the ra \V surface exposed is very tender and painful, and is very liable to get secondarily infected with any germs that may be about. They may be emptied at hospital under strict aseptic precautions. The surgeon may
118 FIRST
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FIR S T
A I D. 119
order dress i ngs or applications to form a the raw surface (e g., the pack acid solution). Drip-irrigation is sUItab le If :'l.gns of in fection appear. Later stimu lating app lIc a tIOns such as Scarlet Red ointment are useful to promote healing.
NUfsinO' Note.-Use lint and not ga u ze Never use oiled silk Of any similar material which pens up the discharges.
J/ose, throat, lungs -Rel ief is afforded by inhaling Friars Balsam and iVlent hol, from steaming water.
A warm alkaline nasal douche may be POURED through the nose three times a day. (KOT to be sniffed up by the patient). Nurses must be taught how to do this.
Police Ambulance News.
:'I1ETROPOLITAN.
The continued of members once again compelled two eliminating contests to be held for the" Parsons" Shield competition. These took place at Peel House ?11 October 27th and 30th, the judges being Capt. F . E B.emllx, R. C. S., L. R. C. P. (team) and Dr. M. 1\1. Scott
The tests set for the first date ",-ere of an InterestIng nature. The teams had to deal with a man suffering alcohol poisoning and fractured clavicle with hremo.rrhage from ear and forearm. The individual tests dealt \Ylth c u t throat (attempted suicide) and slashed. left ; a chJld who bad scalded his throat and foot \\,Ith bOllmg water; and the identification of poisons together with treatment of a person having been struck by lightning.
The second day's tests were also very mtel'estll1g. In the team test the teams were gi"en the very same card as the one used in the first tests and it was only by correct questioning that competitor.s were able to diagnose apoplexy. Otber injuries were bleedIng from. and left. ca.lf. and fracture of humerus involving elbow JOInt. For the Indl\ 'ldual tests Nos 2 and 5 had to deal with dog bite and frarture of lo\\'er third of humerus; ·os. 1 and 4, abdominal wOUl:d with protrusion; o. 3, a viva the pulse m certain conditions and the formatIon of a JOIl1L
At the conclusion of each day's tests the judges addressed the competitors, giving advice for future Bendix emphasised the importance of finlsi1mg one tillng first. Every man in the team should be as good as tl:e leader and be able to carry out treatment whilst the captam is completing the examination Dr. Scott ran through his tests and emphasised the need of readl11g' the card carefully.
Both doctors, hOl,,\ ever, were pleased WIth the hIgh standard of efficiency shown.
In the unavoidable absence of Mr. G. Abbiss, Supt. Smith announced the results. The following teams, being the first five in each contest, will compete in the final to be held on I\'O\' ember 25th: Y, G, V, Thames, T, F, S, P, W, X. Inspector James carried out the dutie s of secretary, members of the Force assisted by the City Police, acting as stewards.
NORTH EAST AREA.
On October 27th, eleven teams from the No.2 District
AID.
competed for the "Palmer" Police Trophy in the R a ilw ay Institule at York.
The judge were Dr. J. Beverley (team) and Dr. F. S. Hardy (individual), and ome very good work was presented by the competitors.
carboro u o'h was the successfu l team, g-all1lng 211 marks, follow:d by East RicJing, 204 ; Sunderland, 199; North Riding, 196t; York, 194.
The Chief Constable of York (1\1r. H. H. Herman) was in charge of arrangem nts.
Coming Events.
T he Editor will be pleased to recei\e particulars 01 coming events f( r inclusion (free of charge) under thi heading.
NO\,E;\IBER.
forth-
21.-Eastern Area, No.1 Oi tricl, S.] .• \. B., " EcJith Ward" Shield ur ing Competition.
21 & 22 . - .J .A. B., A,II England .\. R. P. ourse of In truction, Great Central Hotel, London.
25. -Red Cross Ball, Gro \'enor House, Park Lane.
25 -Metropolitan Police "Par OIL" Shield Competition Final, Peel House.
26.-City of London Police Annual Competitions, Snow Hill Police Station.
28. -Annual Dinner, B. R. C. S Blood Transfu!:iion en icc.
28.-Annual Dance, Hospitallers' Club, Cora Hotel, London
28.-Eastern .\rea, TO. 1 District, " Charles '-ltatham" (:\Iassey Preliminary) Competition, tratford.
l.-Red Cross Bridge Tournament, 57, Princes Gate, .W, 7.
3. - Great Central Section (L.;\. E. R.) Final Competitions, l\1arylebone.
5. - " Barber" !'Ilemor ial Shield Annual Competitioll, Bi r coates, near Doncaster.
5.-Annua l Officers' Dinner, No. l (Prince of Wales's) District, S.lA. B., Gt. Central Hotel, ;'Jarylcoone.
6.-Gravesend Division, .J.A B. Concert, ;, Iajestic Theatre.
11. - Hospitallers' Club Meeting, Bonning-toll lIotel, London,
13. - No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) Districl, Ofliccrs' and Friends' Church Parade, Priory Church, Clerken\vcll.
16. -Ley ton and Leytonstone Division, S.] \. B., " Evans" Cup Competition.
19. - Lee and Lewlsham Depot, South l\letropolitan Ga Co., S.]. A. B., Dance, East Greenwich
19 & 20.-S. J .A. B. All England A.R.P. Course of Instruction, Great Central Hotel, London.
Burton L. M. S team was successful in winning the "Lord and Lady Burton" Challenge Bowl at the ann u al competit ion held on October 31st.
March Urban District Council have rrov id ed two blankets for the use of ambu l Rnce men, and a first aid box in Robin Goodfellow's-lane recreation ground
Ratlway Ambu/aJtce News.
Great Western.
The annual report of first aid work on the Great Western Railway for thc twelve months cnded June 30th, 1936, discloses a year of atisfactory progress in all phases of thc movcment. The number of successful students during the year was 7,520, an increase of 129 over prel'iOllS t\\ elve months. There has been a increase in ncw mcmbcrs, 7--\-7 as compared With 657 In 193-1--5. The examination results under the centre for the past len ) ears is given in the following table.
Year Ce rtificate Voucher Medallion Labels
1925 1.517 l.2U6 1,126 3,341
1926 1.0-+9 9-1-6 865 3,670
1927 717 ()8-+ 771 4,167
1928 1, 57-1-
employees, or ten per cent. of the total staff, are qualified ambulance workers, and that of this number nearly 7,000 have taken four or more first aid examinations For the purpose of the census no man was regarded as who had not taken an examination during the prevlOUS five yea rs.
CHIPPE r IIAM .-A t the Rail\\ ay Inn, Chippenham, Mr. W. Pellow, Div. Loco. Supt., presided over a large gathering of members of the Chippenham and Melksham ambulance classes on October 10th. Examination awards and a number of gold efficiency medals, were presented by Mr. R. G. Pole) Div. Supt. The toast of "The Great \lVestern Railway Ambulance Movement" was proposed by Mr. E. Dibdin, Goods Agent, who, describing the work as a real Christian one, stressed the importance of skilled assistance for mino r inju ries, which could thus be prevented from becoming serious NIr. Pole congratulated the Chippenham branch on its membership of 51, and paid special tribute to Dr. G Laurence, lecturer.
The" Athlonc Bowl , a silver trophy awarded to the Di\'isi onccllrlng the largest proportion of recruits to the movement, "va \\'on by the Central \Vales Di\'ision.
A s usual the annual competllions attracted a good entry 292 tcam participating, 112 In the advanced class and 180 Il1 the beginner cla s.
At the final competi t ion the '\\ indon team were SlICCC " ftll in winning the premlcr trophy, the .; Directors" hield, the FiJlguard Harbour team (runners-up) the Carvcll" up. The la tt er team were the winners of the \Velsh Inter-Raih\-ay Competition and were awarded the t. Harry \IV ebb " Cup
Three further trophIes ha\'e been presented to the Great \Vestern Railway ambulance moyement during the year. 1Ir. :dorris, late Div. Supt., Gloucester, ,vas the donor of a silycr cup to the Gloucester Corps and his brother, 11r. ]. R. Morris, Div. Supt., Che ter, presented a challen g e hic1d for competition in his Division. A challenge hield was also given by lr. D. Spurrell Davies) Assistant Traffic Ianagcr. Osv,'estry, to first aid competitors in his Division.
A large number of reports were received during the year, many of which were in respcct of accidents sustained out.side railway On the selection of the Company's ChlC£ Iedlcal Officer, a number of gold, silver and bronze and certificates were awarded in exceptiona lly merItorious cases.
The steady maintenance of first aid know l edge is by number of men holding the Company's Efficlency award. Durin o the twch'e mont h s no fewer than 420 gold medals 15 years' efficiency, 114 bars (20 years' efficiency), 93 quarter century medals, and 24 lJars (30 years' efficiency) have been issued. The number of the Company's cfficieJ1cy av,ards to date IS :-15 year meclals-2,242; 20 year bars- l ,102; 25 year meda l s-422; 30 year bars-100; 35 year bars-8.
A census of trained ambulance men taken throuo'hout the lin e in Octob er, 1935, disclosed t1;e fact that 1:>9, 362
Sw ANSEA.-A pleasing incident at the annual conference of class secretaries held at the Central Hotel, Swansea on October 12th, was the presentation to Mr. E. O. ] ones, who on retirement from the Company's service r esigned from the office of Divisional Secretary of the Swansea Division, of a wallet of treasury notes. The presentation, which was a mark of appreciation of the good work done in the Division during Mr. ] ones' secretaryship from 1917 to 1935, was subscribed for by the ambu lance wo rk ers a nd divisional officers, and was made by Mr. C. E. Bird of the Landore Central class.
CARDIFF.- The Lord Mayor of Cardiff, Alderman G. Fred Evans, J.P., presided oyer the annual concert and presentation of awards organi ed by the Cardiff ambulance classes at the City Hall on October 1st, when among those present were Alderman \ V. Pethybridge, Councillor ]. Ferguson, Mr. F. G. Wainwright, Div. Supt., Mr. W. E. Baines, Div. Loco. Supt., Mr. A. W. Hollingdale, Div. Engineer, Mr. F. A. Cartwright} .11r. B Board, Div. Amb. Secretary, and Miss F. Moore, Ladies' Class Secretary. A number of go ld efficiency awards were distributed by the Lord Mayor, and examination a\\'ards gained by members of the men's and women's classes by the Divisional officers.
BR EcoN.-Membe r s of the Brecon ambulance class held their first annual supper at the George Hotel, on October 3rd, under the presidency of Mr. J. L. Morgan. Councillor W. J. Bevan, J.P., oistributed examination awards, and thanked Mr. LJew Jones for the work he had put into the mOYement. The m usic al programme arra n ged by Mr. Frank] ones was much appreciated.
BARRY DocKs.- The annual concert of the Barry Docks class took place at the Railwaymen's Institute on October 3rd, the chai r being taken by the Divisional Docks Engineer, 1\1r. M. C. Harris on. No fewer than 63 examination awards were distributed by 1\1r. D. J. J ohnson Superintendent, Cardiff Docks Police, who also presented a number of gold efficiency meda ls and bars.
120 FIRsr
PI R S T A I D. 121
660 725 4,-1-67
1.069 805 -1-.958
1.113 767 76-1- -1-,983
788 657 589 5,582 1932 -3 -+82 492 565 5/68 1933--+ 515 379 -1--1-3 5,849 1934- 5 657 -1-0-+ 3-1-1 5,989 1935 6 747 515 350 5,908 Total 7,190 6,530 6,339 7,426 7,683 7,627 7,616 7,107 7,206 7,391 7,520
1929-30
1930 - 1
1931-2
AID .
london, Mid la nd a nd Scottish.
At a recent census taken by officials of the Company revealed that there are over 2-1-,000 employees of the L.1I.S. qualified to render first aid, including 4,551 in Scotland. This total is 11 per cent. of the total number of staff employed in all departments. The highest percentage obtained in any department is that in the Police where 534 have passed an examination out of 666.
Every year some 11,000 men and women employees pass a first aid examination, the Company encouraging all members to take a practical interest in ambulance work, stimulating interest by competitions, etc.
BROAD STREET.-One of the mo t enthusiastic classes held at Broad Street had a fitting conclusion when 11r. A. L. Castleman presented awards on October 27th.
For the District Office, Broad Street and Haydon quare Goods Stations, there were 58 awards covering from first to thirty years service in the Ambulance moyement.
The District Goods 11anager congratulated each recipient and called attention to the need of the 1\lovement, which was particularly eyidenced on that day, as when a name was called for an award it transpired that the member was away at hospital, having accompanied one of the staff "who had, unfortunately, met with an accident.
The Secretary, Mr. \V. J. Edgson, was suitably thanked for the work he had performed during the session.
DERBY.-Mr. O. E. Kinsman presented 10 certificates, voucher, 6 bars and 1 medallion, gained in a recent examination, to the motive power department class. }.Ir. Kinsman congratulated the men and spoke of the value of first aid work.
He also presented a table cigarette lighter to Dr. Thrift, subscribed for by men of the class in recognition of his services as surgeon-lecturer.
EDGE HILL Loco.-A very enjoyable evening was spent on October 6th, 1936, when the annual distribution of awards and prizes was made at the smoking concert held at the R.A.O.B. Club Room, wavertree.
The District Loco. Supt. Mr. E. Crossley took the Chair an? Mrs. Crossley presented the awards, inc1uaing long serYlce gold medals to Messrs. L. Knight, T. Crook and J. Kennedy. The cup and first prize was won by Mr. L. Knight and the second prize by Mr. Crook.
Mr. Crossley, in his opening remarks made a strong and earnest appeal for more members of the staff to interest themselves in Ambulance work and assured them that. so far as personally was concerned they would receIve every aSSIstance to become efficient first aiders.
Mr. Kamm, assistant to the General Ambulance Secretary, apologised for the absence of Mr. Hill who through unavoidable circumstances, was unable 'to present. In his remarks he referred to the increase in the number of successful first year candidates and said that he would like to see this progress in recruitment maintained.
The CI De Vere Shortt" Cup competition was held at LIme Street Station, Liverpool, on Saturday, 10th, and was won by the Edge Hill Goods Team WIth a total of 216 marks, working on a handicap of 12.
The Liverpool Exchange No. 2 Team were second with 17l! marks-handicap 17. The judges were (team test): Dr. T. J. Coakley; (individual test), Dr. T. P. Garry.
OTTINGHAM.-A competItIOn in connection with the -ottingham Railwaymen's Ambulance League was held on October 25th, the Nottingham Loco. learn again being successful in winning first place. They now head the league table by a margin of points. The goods department team are fifth on the table.
\VILLESDEN.-The annual concert and presentation of awards was held recently, the chair being taken by 1\1r. J. A. Picknell, supported by Mr. E. Bullard.
Mr. E. orton, secretary, said that 108 awards had been obtained, an increase of 12 over the previous year, and the membership of the centre had risen from 63 in 1930 to its present number of 128. Mr. Torton paid a striking tribute to the Chairman and thanked him for supporting the movement in such an enthusiastic manner.
Mr. J. A. Picknell said that he very much appreciated all the kind things that had been said about him and mentioned that the secretary had been given the highest a\\'ard the L.l\I. offers for first aid work for a\'ing the life of a guard who had had his arm cut off by a train on the lines near Harlesden station. lIe had abo been of great assistance in a case of illness which occurred at VJillesden.
1\1r. Picknell stated that Dr. Pater on had now been the class lecturer for 1-1- years and had shewn such practical interest in the class that it \\ as a pleasure to follow him.
Mr. Picknell also referred to the honour gained to Mr. P. Harman, who had been made a erving Brother of the Order of St. John.
The awards were graciously pre ented by Mrs. J. 11unk and included L.M gold long ervice medals presented to 1\lessrs. Cashmore, Collins and John, and the 25 years' gold bar to l\Ir. A. Foster. The doctor's prize for the best first year men \\ ere a\\'arded to )'les r . Richardson and Morton.
london and Nort h Easte rn.
GREAT CENTRAL SECTION.-The preliminary competition was held at Sheffield during the week ended ovember 7th, and as a result the following teams will contest the final competition to be held at Marylebone on Thur day, 3rd-Ne:v Holland Ferry, Gorton Works, Duk1l1field, LangwIth Loco., and Sutton-in-Ashfield, Tuxford Loco., last year's winners, dropped to 12th place. Altogether 39 teams competed, one less than last year, the judge being Dr. J. Beverley.
EAGLES CLIFFE CLAss.-A social evening was held recently when Mr. Man, District Goods Manager, Middlesbrough, presided. The awards were presented by Mr. J. Taylor Thompson, District Engineer, Darlington. Dr. Sacco, the lecturer, emphasised the need for ambulance work among railwaymen and also the general public.
IpSWICH.-The 56th annual dinner of the Ipswich No.1 Division was presided over by Mr. G. B. Hennessy, Loco. Supt.; supported by Mr. G. Baker, c.E. Dept.
Mr. W. H. Brown, secretary, in his report stated that steady progress had been made. A team entered the G.E. competitions and finished 21st, out of 31 teams. The Division had lost, through death) an old member, Mr. E. E. Thompson.
Mr. E. Chalk and Mr. G. Baker received their 25 years' and 20 years' long service medals, respectively. At the close of last session 28 members sat and passed their examination.
MARcrr.-Mr. W. F. R. Webb presided at the annual meeting of the March Railway Ambulance Corps which was held on October 12th. IIe was supported by Messrs. S. S. Dicker (secretary), G. Brewin (Chairman, March U.D.C.), J. S. Collingwood and E. C. Cottage.
11r. Dicker submitted the 45th annual report. The Goodley" cup had been won by 11r. 1'. H. Clingo for the first time, and they were again indebted to Capt. Goodley \\'ho gave his valuable time to judge the competition.
The "Rothschild" cup was won by Mr. S. Jennings, and the "Permanent \Vay" cup by Mr. R. Westwood. Dr. J. A. IIislop judged the first competition and the First Officer J. R. Croft, the second.
Two teams entered and were successful in being placed first and second in the Cambridge District Officers' hield competition, whilst March "A" gained the right to compete in the G.E. competition final.
During the past 12 monlhs nearly 900 cases had been treated and long ser\'lce awards had been presented to
)'Ie rs. A. Reltun and J. R. Crofts, gold bars, 25 years; Me rs. J. S. Youles, J. F. English, and E. W. Tolliday, gold bars, 20 years; Messrs. A. G. Gamble, and G. W. Chaplin go Id 111 edal , 15 years.
?'I1r. Brcwin presented the awards and spoke in appreciation of work carried out by the members.
TllORl'£.-Thc anllual pre 'entatiun uf cl\\'ard::, to members of the Thorpe Di\'i iOIl took place la t month, '\1r. C. \V. \Vadlcy, presidinO', supported by Sir Charles [htho, .\J r. C. \\'. Wadley, ,\1r. G. C. Gooding (District Pa senger l\lanag-er) Ip wich), Capt. R. E. Lawler, (Asst. r.Ianager), Capt. W. Goodley (ambulance secretary, G.E. and G.c. eCllOns), 1\1r. \V. C. Hunt (treasurer), Mr. P. 'taples (secretary), and other officials. Others pre::,cnt incll1ded 1'. O. Mein (the ambulance secretary of the G.E. Section), J\Ie rs C. Jolly and Taylor.
The secretary reported that all members were sucat the rc-examination. In the competition arena \\ as placed 4th at Ipswich, 9th in the G.E. round .runners-up in the I( Cooper" cup competltlOl1, and \\ l1111erS of the "Wivenhoe Town" Ambulance cup.
cur presented by ir Clw.rles Batho for individual, practlcal oral had been won by C. VV. WIth 11r. 1Illler one point behind.
Sll- Charles Balho presented the examination awards and also his cup to Mr. Wadley. He stated that he had had two replicas made, and one for the present holder and other for Mr. Sparkes, 1935 winner.
SIr Cha.rles, on behalf of the Division, handed to Mr. Stygall a stiver smoker's stand and ash tray, a sm.all appreCIatIOn of the \,,' ork he had done durin cr IllS ChaIrmanship of the Division. b
April 22nd, 1937, the Southern Railway have remodelled their Divisional and Final Competition arrangements. It is proposed to hold the competitions commencing Monday, March 1st, as follows: Districts Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, and Women, at Brighton; District No.5, at Salisbury; District No.6, at Exeter.
The probable date of the Southern Final Competition is April 6th, 1937.
Over 300 members of the S.R. staff attended a very interesting lantern lecture entitled "Nature as a First Aider," which was given by Dr. R. B. Duncan, at the Chapter House, London Bridge on October 9th.
Dr. Duncan commenced by explaining the qualities required in a good first aider, and from that went on to explain the wonders of Nature, given as a preventative or remedy for damage actually done.
At the conclusion of the lecture a hearty vote of thanks was given to Dr. Duncan, who, in reply, stated that it was a pleasure to do anything for the "good of the cause."
GUILDFORD.-There was a very large attendance at the annual concert and presentation of awards of the Guildford Railway Ambulance class which was recently held in St. Saviour's Hall.
Among those present were 1\1r. E. A. Richards (\:V el fare Asst. to the General Manager) and Mrs. RIchards, Mr. T. Long (Loco. Foreman, Guildford) who presided, and 11rs. Long.
The awards gained by the successful candidates "were distributed by Mrs. Long, who was presented with a bouquet by little Miss L. Luck.
.1\Ir. Long he wished to impress upon young men, partIcularly rallway employees, that they 'were following an occupation in which there were many dangers, and they could render no greater service to their fellows than to be able to give them first aid if the occasion arose. The ability to render first aid could only come by experience, and he hoped more would be done at Guildford to increase the membership.
Mr. A. Barrow, District Secretary, thanked 1\1r. Long for presiding, and 1\1r. Richards for attendinO'. He sa.id that the Gui.ldford class started about 15 ago WIth a membershIp of 13 and to-day they would total 50 strong.
T\1r. Richards congratulated those who had received awards and said that a knowledae of first aid was a factor. The qualification brought them into contact WIth suffermg they \,"ould not otherwise haye experienced; softened their hearts' and he could answer for it, gave a joy of service on'ly those who had a knowledge of first aid could appreciate. He urged them to make the forthcoming class at Guilclford the best eYer.
SOUTHA.l\lPTO DocKs.-The awards won during the summer classes held by members of the Southampton Docks District were presented recently at their headquarters.
The function was made the occasion for presentino' to A. J. Abrahams the gold medal of the Centre passmg examinations 21 years in succession. Other mem?f the class S. pallas, and Mr. J. Boucher) were reCIpIents of speCIal certificates testifying to their having completed no less than 30 years in the Ambulance Movement.
Owing to the Coronation Celebrations and to the fact that the Inter-Railway Final wil! be held on Thursday,
Mr. F: Wentworth Shields) O.B.E. (Docks) Engineer) who was mtroduced b.y Mr. E. Uzzell, Chairman of the Docks Centre, congratulated the men very heartily and
122 FIRST
FIRST
Southern.
AID. 123
expressed the regret of J\Ir. E. J. 1\Iissenden at his inability to attend.
A vote of thanks to 1\1r. \Venlworth - hields proposed by 1\1r. T. 11urray, and seconded by Ur. R. Thorn, was heartily ratified.
REDBRlDGE.- The tenth annual competitions organised by the Redbridge Centre \ycre held on 7th, when 32 teams, a record, competed.
The judges were Drs. R. B. DtU1can and J. Stanley Davies, Mr. R. Gillingham being the secretary.
Mr. R. P. Biddle, Docks and 1Iarine l1anager, presided in the absence of Lt.-Col. Gilbert S. Szlumper, Asst. General J\Ianager. The Chairman read a telegram from Col. Szlumper expre sing regret at his inability to be pre ent, wishing them a successful competition, and thanking 11r. Gillingham, the hon. secretary, and his colleague at Rcdbridge Centre for their work in connection \yith it.
The results \yere announced by 11r. E. A. Richards which were: Group 1: 1 (Red bridge cup and prize presented by the Rants. and Dorset Bus Service Co.) Eastleigh Carriage \Vorks J: o. 1, 125 points; 2, Eastleigh Loco. No. I, 117; 3, Eastleigh Running Sheds, ] 15; Group 2: I, Bournemouth Goods) 113: 2, Poole All Grades, 109; 3, Eastleigh Carriage Works, No.2, 104.
The prizes "ere pr e sented by l\Irs. Szlumper \"ho received a b o uquet from Edna Peckham.
)'Irs. Szlumper said t hat ambulance \York had a particular interest for both she and her husb a nd, and they were proud of the men who put in so much \y o rk to reach a hiCYh standard of efficiency.
St. John R.N.S.B.R.
DURI;-{G the last war members did such valuable \York that the Brigade A.uthorities were asked to continue this Reserve, and to-day 1,275 men are ready to place their services at their country's call.
We were therefore, very surprised that Surgeon RearAdmiral J. R. uir in his book (( Years of Enu mance," which deals with the earlier part of the \var, thought fit to include a statement regarding the R. N. S. B. R. of the Brigade, which, to say the least, casts aspersions as to the efficiency and appearance of that body.
The author states (( of our usually highly trained sick berth staff were available and their places taken by a very new detachment of the St. J 01111 Ambulance men, whose knowledge was confined to scrappy First Aid work. They were difficult to handle, had not the least concerlion of discipline, and were only controlled by their elderly meek sergeant. They were dressed in their own rig, which included a white shoulder strap supporting a white pouch in which they kept their pipes, tobacco and letters from their best girls "
It is apparent that Admiral was unaware that each member must pass an annual re-examination in first aid, and further, is compelled to undergo one week's special aining each year under Naval Orders.
Bya strange coincidence, in the earlier part of 1914, Surgeon Commander R. W. G. Stewart of the Admiralty, conducted an inspection of 1,000 members at and in his report testified to the smart aprearance of the men and to the efficiency shown in first aid.
We cannot reconcile ourselves to the statement of the author, in face of the inspecting officer's remarks, made but a few months previously.
As readers are well aware, the membership of the R. N. S. B. R. is in addition to ordinary Brigade duties and is undertaken by members in the true St. John spiritvoluntary, with service to others before self
The Hospitallers' Club.
ALTIlOUGIl the L ovem ber meeting was held on Friday the 13th, it was by no means an unlu"cky day.
The speaker on this occasion was lr .•\. Lomas (of H. Lomas, Ltd.), \\·ho ga\ e a lecture on "Ambulance Construction" accompanied by lantern sliJes. He drew attention to \yheel bac;c, width of ambulance, engines; and was of the opinion that a 20 h. r. engine was the minimum for comfort. The liues depicted ne\\" and up-to-date ambulances in cuntrast to those of man) years ago, load ing devices, incl uding Lomas, Hurst's and Carter' ,i n terior anu exterior designs, stretchers, which coultl be adapteu to any required position, heating- arrangements, fitting!>, equipment, and many other items which combine to make an iut-al ambulance.
The discussion which followed \\ as \(:'r) intere ling, many members giving their experiences with their own am bulance sen·ices.
In reply to a question, :'Ilr. Lomas "ug-gcsted the follcn\'ing equipment for an acciucnt ambulance: two first aid outfits, double set of splints, a "Sparklet" or "0.'o\ ox" resuscitator, poison cabinet, saJ\'age equipment, 11(',\\ r jack, blocks, hack saws, saw, axe, and a goodearchlight.
?\lr. H. Langley Jones, a founder memher, Illlt "former" member as was stated last month, proposeu a yote of thanks to 1\1r. Lomas for his most interesting- and informative lecture. The speaker also emphasised the importance of ambulance drill. ;\1r. Liddell seconded and the proposition was carried unanimously.
There were many \ isitors presect, tho Pre!>ident, :'Ilr .•\. J. Bowman, welcoming Chief Fire Brigade Onicerc; L. Cah l) (Coulsdon and Purley), H. Coles (Homsey), J. C. TWl' eddale (Ilford), L. Smith (Wood Green), J. \. Breece (Engineers Dept., cot land Yard), \lr. H Luckton (Leicester S.J.A.A.), 1\lr. J. D. Rutter (GuiIJford), \1r. A. E. \\'iudicombe (A. R. P. Officer, Herts.), '\lesrs. T. E. Forbes anu T. I-I. Burgess (Ware).
lL was c nnounced that the annual general Illecting woulu be held on January 15th, 1937.
The First Chapter of the "Black Book."
A SHORT PAPER BY F . G. V..; A IT.
" WELL begun is half done," is an old but very true proverb. How many of us would settle down to read a book and miss tJe first chapter?
This chapter is the most important part of the book; by it the author introduces U S to his s ubj ect or descri bes the characters around whom he has written, and finally leads us to the finer points. Often it is not until we have read further into the book that we real ise that the first chapter was in itself full of the finer points
This applies to the little book we all know so wel l as the "Black Book," as much as to any other It lays down for the first aid student the very foundations of it principals and outlines the \\hol subject. Yet how many confessions have I heard that the first chapter has only been" skipped through very quickly," or even missed altogether! k a good many first aiders what is first aid, and the varied will be both interestin a and often amusing . I turn to the" New English Dictionary" and it tells me that "first aid is assistance rendered to an injured person before a doctor come ."
intelligent and efficient treatment. In other words, to make a sufficient diagnosis for the purpo se falling within the province of the first aid student.
2. To decide the character and ex tent 0/ the treatment to be given, and lastly ,). To apply the treatment most suited to the circumstances until professional help is available.
The book goes on to tell us to notice the position assumed by the patient (this should not be thou ght less ly altered) and if there is more than one patient we must so discriminate that the pressing needs of each will receive prompt attention . \Ve must look for signs; diligently and tactfully seek the symptoms and history.
\V hat is the difference between these important beari ngs on the case? Signs are those things which can be noted by the direct use of the five senses
1. Sight 2 Touch; 3. Smell; 4. Hearing; 5 Taste.
By the use of sight we see pallor or congestion.
\Ve may smell gas or " bitter almo nds 'J (as in prussic acid poisoning).
\Ve may hear the crack of a bone.
\Ve may taste a little of any substance that has been left, that may be thought the cause of some illness (a lth ough I have made this analogy to the sense of taste, it should never be practised).
The Lady Hospitallers' Club held its monthly meeting at Northampton lnstitute on Saturda) afternoon, o\ember 7th. Irs. George King- lecturing under the authority of the ,\linistry of Ag-riculture and Fisheries, an interesting address on "1\'ational Mark Produce: From CouIllrysitlc to Kitchen."
There was a feeling of sorrow cast 0\ er the meet ng when the President, Miss Tuck, regretfully announced to the members the sudden death, on Friday, :-';O\ cmber 6th, of :\lrs Oakes -J ones, the Vice-President. After this announcement the members stood in silence for two minutes, as a tribute to her memory.
The Club is open to all Officers of Nursing Divisions, who should apply for particulars to !\Irs. V. E. Woolford, 15, Tyrone Road, East Ham, E.6.
SOC I ALE V E N T S.-The attention of the general public to your needs can be attractively arranged by purchasing copies of the Poster advertised in this Journal for your Social and all other activities. Samples will be sent on request.
A a lad in the B. L.B. I was taught first aid from a little red book, al1d I became very fond of the subject at an early age. I nell remember that on the top of the v ry first page was written : " First Aid is the emergency treatment in cases of accident or sudden illnc!>s, rendered by persons lrained, using materials at hand, pending the arrival of a doctor " I still prefer this definition of first aid, because it is simpler, and to my mind covers the ground more fully than does the "Black Book" which says : " First aid to the injured is a special branch of rractical medicine and surgery, by a knowledge of which trained persons arc enabled to afford skilled assistance in cases of accident and sudden illness.,'
You may rightly ask' \Vh at is the difference '? -each of these defin itions mean the sa me thing. " Perhaps they do, but if you read them again carefully, I think you will agree that my little red book g ives the fullest definition with the added words: " using mat e rials at hand, pending the a rrival of a d o ctor," both of which are import ant factors to the first aider.
Having satisfied ourselves as to what first aid really is, there are several things to think about before we start the treatment, and I have these marked in pencil in my "Black Book" as Three Essentials:
1. To dete1'nzine th e llaizwe of the case requiring attention as far as is necessary for
The" Three Essentials" marked in my book appear at the bottom of page 11 (being the first page of Chapter 1) and so proves how necessary it is to start making pencil notes and underlinings early to help in making a real study of the subject.
If you have not alrea d y started to do so, make notes the next time you read you r book. \Vrite down in your own wo rds how best it will help you to remember. (One call often remember what one has actually written better than what one has only read).
On the bottom of page 12 I have written " Symptons." \\ hat "sims to" the patient. This remark may not be grammatically correct, but its meaning is ne ve rtheless true, and helps me now to answer the question: what is the difference between these important" bearings on the case?"
Signs are those differences from the normal conditions that we see. Symptons are those sensations the patient feels. \Ve see swelling. The patient/eels pain.
In conjunction with the signs and symptons we have as a g uide the history. This may be obtained from the patient himself. He may be able to tell you that he is liable to some sudden ill ness; a bystander will tell yo u that he heard a scream and saw the patient fall. The sum total of the information gained by the signs, s y mptons history provides a solid basis for your diagnosis.
Next we come to cause and effect, and to the
124 FIR S T
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A 10.
1 HE LADY HO PIT.-\LLERS' CLl'B.
141RST
AID. 125
first aid student the doctrine that all things are due to the agency of a casual force, at once asserts i tsel f.
Cause we know to be the power immediately P roducin cr an effect, therefore zfwe know the cause, b it is obvious that we can draw a conclusIOn as to its probable effects. In our particular study however, we have to go a step further and bear in mind three important points :-
1. That a cause may have more than one effect. (Two or more injuries may result from one accident).
2. That the effects may be direct or indirect. A patient may as the result of heart weakness (direct effect). In falling the patient may further injure himself (indirect effect). But, most important of all :
3. The cause may still be active! (A rope round a man's neck will impede breathing as long as it re17zains there).
I once knew of a first-class competition team who did all that the judge wanted them to do, and would have dou btless won the trophy, but for the fact that not one of its members thought of removina the cause of the accident that was occupying I:> thei r atten tion-a piece of orange peel.
They had not obeyed that important lawRemove the patien t from the cause, or the cause from the patient.
1t is useless to try artificial respi ration in a gas-filled room with the gas still on !
A good first aider should possess the abtlltles of a aood detective; by using his powers of b observation and being able to record In hiS memory the importance of apparently small details surrounding the case, such as the sources oj danger: moving machinery, slippery objects, etc.
Possible (lues.-A broken ladder, escaping gas.
The Help Available.-Anybody at hand who is capable of assisting, and the importance of procuring professional assistance. (This needs tact and discretion).
The Appliances Available. - Here am reminded of my little red book again: "Using materials at hand." These may be in plenty, or nothing bu t the actual resources of the patient and helpers may be forthcoming.
The Shelter.- This, according to the circumstances, can be anything from a hospi tal to an um brella, or even an extra wrap.
Means of Transp01't A vaz'lable.-A twohanded seat is just as much a " means of transport" as an ambulance. The length of the journey, the patient's injuries, the nature of the ground over which we must pass; all these need consideration. What we have to do IS to carry the patient to some shelter, and make arrangements for proper after-care.
A I D.
Throughollt this short paper I have endeavoured to keep to the sequence of the Chapter we are dealing with, but here I want to pass on to the" Principals of First Aid" with which it closes. You will find there are twelve in all each of them vital in itself, yet complete as a whole. Vve are told that the directions given throughout the book are intended as a standard of treatment, but it may be sometimes impossible to carry out the exact treatment owing to the lack of appliances, or under some special circumstances. It is then necessary to " comply with the principals of treatment in the best manner consistent with those circumstances. "
One cannot fail to note the importance of these principals and I make no apology for direct reference to the book for these.
1. Death is not to be assu med because signs of life are absent. (Signs of life may often appear to be absent to the layman, but it is better to treat a dead body than to allow a living person to die fur want of first aid).
2. Remove the cause from the patient-or the patient from the cause. (\Ve have already noted the importance of this,)
3. Severe hcemorrhage must receive the first attention, no matter what are the other injuries. (I have a pencil note in my book with a query, as to whether asphyxia would countermand thIs.) Then the question arises would there be hcemorrhage of any severity while asphyxia is pres nt?
(A good point for debate I think.)
4. Air.-Fresh air is very necessary If the air passages are obstructed, these must be freed at once-and then the book tells us II if breathing has ceased prom pt measu res must be taken to resto re it."
5. Rest.-A restful pOSition of the body assists tht> vital functions. Support the injured part to prevent further (!he use of extra pillows is often overlooked In thIs respect.)
6. Warmth.-If you do nothing else but cover your patient warmly, you have done no harm, and you have always done some good. After any accident the patient's temperature is lowered, and the words" treat shock" may be as important as the initial treatment itself.
7. \iVhen the skin is broken the wou nd should be promptly covered. l!se a, clean for this. If the wound IS pOisoned It IS most Important to prevent the poison spreading through the system.
8. Po£sons swallowed should be got rid of, or, when this is inexpedien t, neutralised. (Chapter 12 on poisons goes into this very fully.)
9. The best means 0/ transport must be studied, and provision made for the proper after care of the patient.
10. Removal oj clothtng.-It is important to remember not to take off unnecessary clothing,
but it is useful to know that we should remove the coat from the sound s£de first. Shirt or vest slit down the front and remove as the coat. If it is necessary to cut off any of the clothing we should slit up the seams, if by doing so ,we can reach seat of the injury, rather than cut 111tO the material.
11. Stz'mulants.-M uch has been said on this subject, and what suits one person will not suit another. Apart from spirits (under which heading I have brandy for '( poisonous wounds" and ,( prussic acid poison i ng") there is to be found in every home a teapot and tea, if not coffee. We can;ot go far wrong on these providing, of that the patient is able to swallow and there IS no sian of hcemorrhage external or internal. I have first aiders use sal volatile indiscriminately, and personally favour this least of all. \Ve must not overlook that the application of smelling salts to the nostrils acts as a stimulant. (It took me a 10nO' time on one occasion to get a kindly old lady to from applying smellin a salts to the nostrils of a man who \\' as su[feri ng very defin itely from apoplexy.) Heat, being a torm of energy, may also be obtained by friction of the limbs.
12, Throughout his 7uork, the first az'd student must Oil 110 account take upon himself the duties and respollsi bi I ities of a doctor. Th is important sentenc sp aks for its If. \Vhen it is necessary to send for a doctor written particulars are safer than a v rhal message.
I hav alway felt that the II qualifications of a Erst aider " h;uld have closed the first chapter, as these would have been remembered easier at the end and would have embodied the whole.
'You will remem ber that there are eight of these, one for each point of the cross of St. John; and now, having gone over the first chapter, I submit them to you as a final note. Each point speaks for itself and needs no further comment here' as first aiders we should be observant, tactful, dexterous, explicit, discrimin::tting, persevering, and sympathetic.
Whichever of these virtues we may lack I feel that every first aider possesses the last of them, for what sends us out into the world to perform our good works, to all and sundry irrespective of creed or race, man, woman, or child, in time of need, but the sympathy in our hearts for those who have" fallen by the way."
A woman once said to me after an accident (' It was a mercy you men were here," and after all is not mercy the sister of charity?
The Table II of War Gases which appeared in our August, 1935 issue, can be had in page form at the nominal charge of 2/-. per 50, post free. Applications should be sent, together with remittance, to cc First Aid," 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4.
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VISIT TO INDIA.-The Chief Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas, Colonel J. L. Sleeman, c.B., C. l.G., C.B.E., 1.V.O., left England, on Friday, ovember 13th, on an inspectional tour of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas throughout India. He will also inspect in Burma, Ceylon, Singapore and Hong Kong. It will be remembered that he represented the Grand Prior of the Order of St. John, His Royal Highness The Duke of Connaught, KG., in a 52,000 mile tour of the Commanderies of the Order of St. John in Southern Africa and New Zealand, and the Establishments of the Order in Australia, Colombo and lalta during 1935-1936 ; a tour that fini hed in June and which earned the highest commendation of His Royal Highness Tho Duke of Connaught, K.G.
126 FIR S T
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Our Nurses' Pages.
COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.
No. 1. DISTRI CT, S.J.--\.B.
O\ving- to the Coronation of H. i\J. King Edward VII I taking pla:cc in ;\lay, t C)37, it ha been found necessary to put fonyard the date of Brigade Final Competitions, and, consequently, that for the tests to decide which teams shall represent the District thereat.
The "arious competitions for women members of No.1 District will therefore be held as under ;, ursing Bowl, Preliminary, Saturday, January 23rd, 1937, at 2.45 p.m.; Final, Saturday, February 13th, 1937, at 2.45 p.m.
1\1acRae Cup for Nursing Cadets, Saturday, January 30th, 1937, 2.45 p.m.
The District Finals will take place at the orthampton Institute, St. John's Street, Clerkenwell, E.C.1, on Saturday, February 27th, beginning at 2.15 p.m. This year the final of the Brook's Efficiency Competition will also be held at the orthampton Institute on February 27th.
0.2 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.
COMPETITION AT BOURN Ei\IOUTH .-The annual competition for the Compton Cup, open to teams from Nursing Di\'is ions in Hampshire, was held at the Bournemouth Corps Headquarters on Saturday, October 17th. Sc\'en tcams competed.
This year's team test \"as judged by Dr. Morse. A maid was supposed to ha\'e had ar. epileptic fit, and fallen, cutting her head. Tlwre were also home nursing anel first a id bandaging tests. T,,'o Sisters from the Boscom be Hospital conducted the home nursing examination, and Dr. John judged the first aid bandaging.
The winner of the Cup was Meyrick A team, 197 marks, with Southbourne second, 194 marks.
Following the competition, Southbourne Nursing Di\'ision entertained the competitors and "isitors to tea.
Among those present were A. Tennyson Smith, C. 1\1. D., County Commi!"sioner, and Lady District Officer 1\1 rs. Ha
V.A. D. INSPECTION AT PARKSTONE.-On Wednesday evening, October 21st, the St. ] ohn Ambulance Hall, Parkstone, presented a scene not unlike that in a war-time hospital, when V.A. D. Dorset SO, under Commandant Mrs. G. Candy, and V.A D. Dorset 100, und e r Commandant Miss L. Lever, were inspected by Lieut-Col. G. Benson, and Lieut.Col. P. Woodward.
An air lock, as a precaution against a gas attack, was fitted in the entrance to the hall, while a display of different types of first aid was giYen by the members of the detachments.
Lieut.-Col. Benson said the members were well up to standard in their work. He stressed the necessity for qualifying for mobile membership of the V.A.D., as in the event of war, trained nurses would have to be called up from the hospitals, and mobile memhers would take their places.
o
3 DISTRICT, S lA.B.
COMPETITION AT COVENTRY. - Dr. R. H. D . Laverty judged the team test and Corps Supt. W. A. Jennings the viva voce at a competition for ursing Cadets held at the Coventry Ambulance Hall on Saturday, October 10th,
Foleshill Senior Cadet won first place and the Kalker Cup with 171 marks. IIolbrooks were econd with 152-1 marks, and City of Co\' ntrr third with I S1 §.
of DISTRJ T, S.J..\. B. E:-"CIIANGE NURSING Dl\ ISJON, LI\ 'ERI'OO I CORI'S. .-\ happy e\'ening was spent hy members and their friend at Divisional Headquarters on Tue day, October 13th. The Commissioner, \\'. G. Smith, Esq., O. B. E., attended, and presented awards gained during- the past year. He also handed the Sih'er Cup for IIome Nursing-, compcted for a nnually by memhers of the Division, to .-\mbulance Sisll'r
E. Lythgoe, the former holder, Ambulance Siskr D. Phillip, receiving- a small trophy in its place. Lad) orps upl. Dr. Margaret Joyce a ked the Lady Di..... up\.:'1[ rs. ] ones tl) accept a mall gift from the of the J)i\ in appreciation of her ef\'ice. Both these ladiesubsequently "'ere the recipients of bouquet of carnations. Refreshments and dancing brought the e\'e ning to a close.
This is a comparati\'ely new Di\ ision, ha\ ing heen formed in 1934, but it alread) ha a member-,hip of o\er forty, t\\'enty-six of whom hold th e Re e;uscitat ion Certificate of the Royal Life aving ocicly.
PRESTO' ;\l 'RSl t'-:G DI\'ISIO:-:, PRESTO," CORI'S. Dr.:'.1.
A. Gla s presided al a presentation of awards and certiflcales, gained by members of the Division, last month.
1\lrs. Riddle, Pr esi dent of the Division, congratulated them on the number of awards gained, which included forty-t\\o Air Raid Precaution Certincales t\\'cnt)-one certIficates for Grade 2 Instru cto rs in .-\ir Raiel
She also r efe rred to the lo ss they had all su taincd by the death of the Corps' Presid ent, ,\V. \\'. Gallowa), a true friend to all in the Preston orps.
Besides service chevrons and certificates, 1\lr:-.. Riddell pn::>se nted Servi ce l\ledals to Lady Supt. l\li..,s 1'11. E . llen, Co-Operative ursing Di\' ision Ambulance. islers E. E. Pye and H. Leigh, Co-Operative i'ur ing Division. . \1 0 hars to Sen ice l\Iedals to Lady Ambulance Oflicer 1\[is:-. 1\[. Pearson, Preston" A )\ ;\ursing- Division; Ambulance Sist r D. Ainsworth, High School Nursing Division.
No.5 DISTRICT, S.].A.B.
V.A. D. INSPECTION AT LElws.-At the inspection of V.A.D. 198, formed from members of the Burley and Kirkstall Nursing Division, held at the Y. i\1. C.l\.., Leed, on October 22nd, Major Sno\v -was the Inspecting Officer on hehalf of the War Office. He was accompanied by BrigadierGeneral Sandys, C. B., C. M. G., County Controller for the \Vest Riding, Mrs. Kitson and i\Irs. Geldard.
A combined Clearing and First Aid Station for gas and other casualties had been formed by dividing up a large room. Thanks to the members, the various sect ions were fully equipped with necessities, including air l ocks, bins for contaminated clothing, a shower bath, clean clothing, and identity discs.
Besides nursing- members, there was a door-keeper, motor drivers and clerks on duty. Twenty casualties were brought in on stretchers and by other methods, and at once received attention from the nurses. The work was examined by Major Snow.
The visitors were very nterested in models showing a c bild with fractured an11 and eyes arrected by mustard gas, and also in Air Raid Precautions for animals.
Gcneral Sandys expressed himself rleased with the administration of the detachment, and with the ","ark as a whole.
INSPECTION AT RIPON. - The annual 101l1t insrection of Ripon V.A.D. and the Ripon and Kirkb't Malzeard
Di\ isions was held at the Drill Ihtll, Ripon, on Saturday, October 10th. :'.Iajor A. R Ross, R .. \.:\1. c., inspected on behalf of the War OOlce, accompanied by Brigadier-General \\'. Sandys, County Controller for the West Riding; and Dr. E. II. Lodge, S.J .•-\. B., County urgeon, l\liss Atkinson, \s i tant County Controller, :\lrs. Dalton, Vice-President, and '-lIre;. Sandys were also present.
The detachment paraded under 1\1 iss 1\1. E. Herdman, the Commandant; Rip o n ;\urr"ing Di\ ision under 1\liss L. IIerelman, and Kirkby \lalzeard Di\'is ion (winners of the :\Iounl!.;arn:l Cup), under '\Irs. II. E. Horton.
Dr. E. II. Lodg-e presentt:d en'ice ;\I e dals for 15 years' enicipnt sen-ice in till' 8rig-ade to :'Iliss \1. Hunter, i\liss \. Jennings and Troller; and the Bar to the en icc 0Iedal to I[ iss ;,,}. Bairslo\\'.
;\0. 7 S.]..--\. B.
;\l 'I{SI:\'(; DJ\ ISIO'. The Hopton" Cup, pre:-.entcd by :\Irs. E. IIopton (1f JIampton for thl' fir..,t time lOl1lpeteli for teams from the Di\ ision on Thursda\. Oct oher 22nd.
Thl';c were four entrie and the jlldg-ing wa undertaken b\ Dr. (, D. Tulli s and II r. B. G. Scholcfield. The patient 'in till.' kam test hhd to be treated for apoplexy, injury in the reg inn of the tC'lllple, and fractured ankle. The cup, and the medal. g-i\'l'n by the 111 rp"/ord Times, \\ ere presenkd to IIerdord I. C ,. tl.!am, the \\ inner, by Col. Sleeman, C.B .. e.:'.l.G, e.n.E., \1.V .O., Chief Comllli of he Brig-aelL' O\er"eas. H e congratu lated all the mcmher ... their sharL in the wondertul w or k of the Order \\'h ich hI.! had "cen all O\ er the world. He also thanked the judg-cs.
Dr. Tullis saiel he \\'a s agreL abl) surprised at the calm war in \\ hi c h the tcrrms carrieJ out their work, co nsideringthat some of them were new to cl)l1lpctitions. He r cm inded the competitors of the ug-linc s of granny knots and hm\ us eless 1011" handa<res wcre
Mr. the standard in the indi\'idual tests to be \'ery good. But the competitors followed the book word for word, and did not u e their 0\\,11 intelligence. Ile had noticed the same tendency in practice. He had also found that no on knew on which side of the ankle the tibula and fibula came.
Those \\'ho saw the competition included the Dean of Herf'ford, \\'ho kindly took the chair, the layoress (Miss Lily JamE'), Irs Cnderwood, !\Irs. Hopton, Dr. l\lac Gregor and Dr. Bulman.
No. 8 DISTHI T, S.J.A. B.
HOVE URSING DI\'ISION .-The Annual Inspection of the Hove ursing and Nursing Cadet Divisions was held on Thursday evening, October 15th, in the Crypt of St. Agnes' Cburch, Hove. Commissioner E. A. Ricbal-ds conducted the inspection and saw a demonstration of drill, bandaging and stretcher work.
In a few words at the conclusion, he congratulated the Division on the standard of their work. \Vhile there were a few rough edges that could be smoothed off, there \vas a m.arked improvement, and progress had undoubtedly been made. The great joy of service was adequate repayment for the time they gave to the Bril5ade.
Lady District Supt. Mrs. Falwasser accompanied the
Commissioner at the inspection. There were also present Miss A Field Comber, late Lady Div. Supt., and Mr. Noble, Superintendent of the l\mbulance Division.
The Hove Divisional Headquarters were temporarily transformed into a hospital ward on the afternoon of Saturday, October 31st, the occasion of the annual V. A. D. inspection. There were five patients, members of the Nursing Cadet Division, one of whom was supposed to be suffering from diabetes, one from pneumonia, another from jaundice, a fourth from cardiac trouble, alld the fifth from a badly fractured leg.
Major S. O. Dolan, R. A. C Rayal Herbert Hospital, \\'oolwich, conducted the inspection, assisted by Col. H E. \Veekes, O. B. E., County Director and Controller.
An up-to-date feature of the demonstration ,,,as the decontamination station for the victims of a gas attack. i\1l the precautionary mea ures necessary for the treatment of the cases were indicated. A nurse, clad in protective clothing, was in charge.
A _ case of scarlet fever, isolated in a room above, and first aid treatment to a casualty concluded the display.
The COlllmandant, 01rs. Humphrey, was in charge of the parade, assisted by Nursing Officer Sister \Vorseldine Clnd Quarterma ter ;\liss Fra er.
The Inspecting Officer was pleased with all he saw and congratulated the members on their efficiency.
RAi\JSGATE V.A.D. IKSPECTION.-A large number or people were interested spectators at the V .•-\. D. inspection carried out by :'Ilajor Da\'idson at the High-street, Drill Hall, on Tuesday, October 24tb. Among them were Lieut.,Col. Pre Oliver, County Controller of V.A. D., Lady District Supt. 1\lrs. Falwa ser, Alderman H. Stead (Mayor of Ramsgate), F. Butler (Chief Constable), :'I1rs. Butler, 1\lrs. Dye, and :'IIr. J. S. G. Langley.
:'IIajor Davidson began by the detachment on parade under Commandant Blinko. Next be inspected their treatment of cases needing first aid, bandaging and massage, and also the im'alid diet and medical appliances sections. He aften\'ards examined the nurses orally.
The treatment of a drowning bather, including the use of the" ): O\ OX " oxygen apparalu , was well carried out, but perhaps the most spectacular display of the afternoon was the" air raid. "
I n one corner of the ball a realisti c model of a wrecked house had been erected, " hilst in the centre of the Boor ,,'as a full-sized model of a first aid station with an air lock leading from the street.
,\Vith a terrific crash a bomb burst on the building, and flames shot up from amongst the ruins. Into the street taggered an inj.1red man, groaning, fighting for breath owing to the eRects of poison gas. In another part of the street a girl fell screaming to the ground.
As the injured man collapsed, nurses wearing gas masks and carrying first aid equipment marched through the air lock. The man's mask was adjusted, his cuts dressed, hi fractured limb splinted and he was carried carefully into the station. The girl, who was more panicstricken than hurt, was fitted with a mask and assisted to the decontaminating section. All c.ontaminated clothing was removed from the patients, the man's injuries were redres ed and he was put to bed.
Addressing the detachment after the tests, Major Davidson said; "As a \Var Office representative, I should l ike to cong-ratulate you all upon the extremely fine demonstrations this afternoon. From the mobilisation point of "iew I should ha\'e absolute confidence in staffing any army hospital \\'ith your detachment." He had been greatly impressed by the practical demonstrations that had bf'en given, especially with the gas cases The use of gas masks was one of the main things they had to teach the general pub ic.
128 FIR S T A I D.
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Col. Pye Oliver added his praise. and pointed out that the Ram l{ate detachment was No.2 in the county, and h ad an hunoured tradition behind it. He had a l ways felt that Thanet was quite a centre of V A.D. and St. John Ambulance Brigade work.
No. 10 DISTRI T, S.J.A.B.
IrS\\'ICH NURSING CORPs -A large gathering of past and present members met at the Crown and Anchor Hotel, on October 2 th, to celebrate the twenty-first birthday of the Ipswich N ur ing Corps.
The chair was taken by Lady Corps Supt. Miss Hossack, and others present includ ed the District Commissioner :\[ajor Hossack. who was the first Corp Surgeon; Corp Surg-eon Dr. Weiner, l\liss Hagger. A. R. R.C., a former Lady Corps Superintendent, and other past and present CoriJ and Divisional Officers.
After the loyal toast had been honoured, the Lady Corps Supt. g-ave the toast of the Brigade, coupled with the name of their first Corps Surgeon, who "vas their present Commissioner. She mentioned that the Ipswich ursing Division was formed in 1893, but, owing to its growth, it was reorganised in October 1915, three divisions being formed of its members and called the Ipswich ursing Corps. They now had another section and a Nursing Cadet Division.
Among early public duties performed was that of the Coronation in 1902. when the surgeon and three officers went to London. During the war the surgeon, Dr. Hossack, was the 6rst medical man to go overseas from that town, and he was followed in October, 191 f, by two V.A D.'s from the DIvision. Another V.A.D., Miss \Voolnough, who was with them that evening, was mentioned in despatches while in France.
In reply, the Commissioner reminded the members that they must not glory in the past only, work had to be done no'w and an example set to those who would follow them. He cong-ratulated them on the number that held the A. R. P. certificates and expressed his best wishes for their future success.
THINGS SEEN--
At a recent inspection the inspecting officer wore a striped shirt, the cuffs of which were showing below his coat sleeves.
During another inspection an officer was wearing yellow coloured gloves instead of the regulation brown tan.
At a recent meeting convened to call attention to the need for a St. John Division in the district, the Chairman fainted thereby giving a practical demonstration of the necessity for an ambulance unit.
AND HEARD.
Ten thousand men and nurses of the St. ] ohn Ambulance Brigade will line the route of the Coronation procession-and the services they provide will cost the taxpayer nothingMajor Darvil Smith (S.J .A. B. Secretary).
" If it had not been for them there might ha ve been more than one decease. " - Nuneaton Coroner on work performed by S.].A.B. members.
Of an officer who, on arrival at his destination, was preparing to change into uniform when he fo u nd he had forgotten to pack his trousers! A local officer of similar girth came to the rescue, so all was well.
Colliery Ambul : nce News.
CANNOCK AND LEACROFT COLLIERY AMBULANCE SOCIETY.
The annual compet ition of the above Society \\'as held recently, seven teams competing.
Judging was in the capable hands of Dr. D. T. l\lcAlI1sh and l essrs . S. Davies, A. E. Payton and W. Greenfield. Councillor Jonathan Hunter (managing director) presented the prizes and expressed hig-h appreciation of the men's interest in the work. He also spoke of successes O'ained in mines rescues activities and mentioned 1hat among tile trophies on view was the Coal Owner' Challenge Cup won by Cannock and Leacroft.
The result was 1st. '0. 3 team, 200 ; 2nd 0, 6 team, 192 ; 3rd, No.7 team, 171. Individual oral test, P. Guy.
DURHAM, CLEVELAND A 0 WEST1\IORLAND DISTRICTS LEAGUE.
The Committee responsible for the annual competitions of the above leagu e are anxious that the number of teams competing- will show a substantial increase over previou year. when 78 entries were ;eceiv.ed. .1\lr. T. Greenland Da vies, H. M Inspector of MlI1es. IS chaLrman, :\1r. Georg-e Watkin, of Murton. being secretary. ;\lr \\'atkin is wellknown in the ambulance world. haying completed 52 years of voluntary service to the movement, and he has been secretary of the Leagu e for 14 year
The two trophies competed for are the" Donald Bain" and" Elizabeth Bain " Shields, the fLlrIner for teams of senior men and the latter for teams of junior men who have not previously competed in any of the senior competition. Di visional competitions are held at \'ariou centre and the dates fixed a r e as follo\\ s.
" Donald Bain" Shield Divi ional competitions, January 23rd 1937. "Elizabeth Bain" Shield Di\'isional competition;. February 6th. 1937. The final of both competition ' will be held at Durham. on Saturday, February 20th. Teams wishing to enter should make early application to Mr. George vVatkin, Hon. Secretary, Park View, :'\lurton, Co. Durham.
Extensions to the headquarters of the hepshed . }. A. A. were opened on Saturd ay, November 7th. by Dr. H. :\1. Foston. County Commissioner G. F. Browne and Dr. T Bell were the larg-e gathering.
T wenty-two teams competed in the annual compelit ions of the Bolsover S.J.A. B. "Raynor" Cup contest. Sheepbridp'e and District were first. with Ireland Colliery No.1 and Wath fain No.1 third. Dr.]. B. 1cKay was the judge.
After a lapse of 14 yea r s. the Vickers-Armstrongs-Armstrong, Whitworth Corps, S.J.A.B., has revived its interdivisional s hi eld competition Riversid e Division, attached to Elswick Worl{S, were successful, with Close Works Division runners-up.
The annual competitions of the Beccles Divisions, S.}. A. B., was held on October 23rd, with the following results :-" Tedder" Cup, for nurses, Miss D. Hamby first, Mrs. C. Bennett runner-up. " Copeman" Cup, for men, Mr R. Elliott, first, Mr. C. Bennett, runner-up.
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Queries and Ansvvers to Correspondents.
Qu eries will be dealt wi h under the following rules:[. - Le tt er s co n ta in in g Q uerie s must b e m a rk ed o n th e to p le ft ha nd c orn er o f the envel o pe " Q uery, " a nd a ddressed -FIRsT A D 4 6, C an n on-s t ree , L o nd o D, E. C. 4.
2. - All Q uer ie s m ust b e a cc om panie d by a " Que ry Co up on " cut fr om th e cu rre nt ssue o t th e Jou rn al, o r, n cas e o f Q uer ies from ab r oad , from a r e ce nt issue.
Te xt b ook to whi c h r et e rence may be made in this column is t he 38th 1I928 ) Editio n of S .J .A.A. M anual of F i r st A i d.
POISONING BY CALCIU:\1 CARBIDE.
E. H. (Dartford).-A discussion has arisen between two of us, both members of the Brig-ade, as to what would happen if a person swallowed a quantity of Calcium Carbide from a lamp. 'Would the patient become asphyxiated? \\ hat would the treatment be? Your reply on this point will be greatly appeciated.
If a person s\\'allowed a piece of Calcium Carbide, acetylene gas would be formed; and this would give signs and symptoms similar to those associated with poisoning by Carbon Monoxide. Carbide Poisoning, hO''''ever, is so rare that no one seems to have had occasion to deal with such a case. In the January 1931 issue of FIRST Am, hOI.\'ever, we published a letter from Dr. J. \V. Loos of the University of Leiden, HoIland. I n it he told us that he once had to treat a child '",ho had swallowed a piece of Calcium Carbide. He, therefore. advised first aiders to administer glycerine or alcohol in large quantities and to remove this from the stomach without the use of water which would set free acetylene gas, a very potent poison. In such an emergency, while waiting for til€' glycerine or alcohol, I would tickle the patient's throat with my t\,vo fingers and hope that thereby I would make him vomit.
The treatment of Carbide Poisoning was much discussed in these columns from May 1929 to ovember 1933, since when there has been silence. Now I am wondering who started it again in Dartford and in Maida Hill.-N CORBET FLETCHER.
EXAMINATlON HOWLER.
L. R. (Charlton Park).-In a recent examination a candidate was asked to define a splint; and she replied- "A spl£nt is anything wlziclz flexes a fracture.l" The surgeonexaminer asked her if she knew what" Aexes " meant. Being re-assured on this point, the examiner merely said-" Very well.l" When the results were published, it was found that these had gone very ill for this candidate! !
Good! Next, please !
BICARBONATE OF SODA.
H. B. (Swindon).-I find that many students of first aid confuse the term "baking- soda" used on p. 128 of the Textbook with "baking powder." I n these circumstances suggest substitution in the next issue of the term" bicarbonate of soda," a term which is unde r stoo d by all.
Your suggestion is du l y noted and approved -N.C. F
WOUND OF ABDOl\JINAL "VALL.
"V. J. (Carnarvon). -Yo u r rep y to the query p u b lisbed in the Octobe r iss u e of FIRST AID was 1110 t interest i ng a n d instr u ctive Now I shou ld l ike to ask another question on the same point. The Textbook (p. 124) gives u s t h e treatment fu ll y when &c., are readi ly available for t h is condition. How should a first aider render treatment to such a case on a stormy day in a slate quarry when no dress ings are available and the hospital is ituated two mi les aW::lY ?
T he circumstances named wou ld give free p lay to the " resourcefu lness" (p 16) of the first aider who would have to act in accordance with the instructions laid dO " 'n in R ule (d) on p. 15 of the Textbook. Incidentally, I have sever;;!1 times read of an ambulance man sacrificing- his shirt for a patient for the purpose of imprO\·j ing amI dressings . I hope, however, that the aid 5hirl was a clean one !-:\T. C. F.
PERFORI\IAI\CE OF ARTIFICI /\L RESPIRATIO N
H. B. (Swindon). -1 understand that a new dition of Firs!
Aid to the Injured is in contemplation; and I tru t that it will not be considered pre ul11ptious on my part if 1 venture to suggest one or two points in connection therewith for your consideration.
You will no doubt remember m)' writing you a a description of two varying methods of pl!rforllling- the St. John Prone Pressure method of artificial respiration which obtained among first aiders in thi and asking the favour of your decision a to whith was correct. The two method and your decision were established in the [\ l arch, 1936, is ue of FIRST AID.
Those, however, who h::ld practised the incorr ct method continue to do so, cLlnsidering the wording of pp. 143-5 of First ,4 z"d 10 111(' ju tilies them in so doing. Others, who follow the method, ,, hich has your approval, are equallr confident Ihat the Textbook justifies their course.
This seems to show that the pre cnt wording i capable of two interpretations; and I am assured that it is differently interpreted in other di tricts al o. This is probably due to economy in words in order to a\'oid too large a text book; and 1 venture to suggest that the position be clarified by introducing a few additional words which ,,·ould obviate, or at least reduce, the probabi lity of misconstruction in so \ ital a maller.
May I, in due deference, make the following suggestions :-
After the word in the last line on page 143 delete the rema inder of clause (a) and substitute"lean forward slowly, occupying three seconds in doing so, thus g-radually increasing the pressure on the lower pa r t of the patient's chest until the maximum pressure (straight downward) is reached at the third second, thus driving air out and producing expiration."
Fo r clause (b) substitute-" \Vithout pausing-, draw your body back to the retired position, occupying two seconds in d o ing so, thus relaxing the pressure gradual y . D o not remove your hands. This produces inspiration. "
C lause (c):-After "minute" add" the rate wi ll, of cou r se, d etermine the length of the term 'second' in clauses (a) and (b) "
May I say that the need for clarifying is emphas ised by the fact that even doctors are puzz e d , and whe n acting as j u dges in ambulance compet itions give full marks fo r both methods?
I n v iew of fata li ties reported in the press a n d stated by co r o n ers at the inquests as d u e to crus hin g of in te rn a l organs by excess i ve press u re in a p p l icat ion o f artificia
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respiration, you are no doubt considering the ad\ isability of g-i\'ing- ome indication aq to the amount of pressure to be used, I believe Dr, Schafer recommendt'd "about 60 I\..,s, " for an adult patient.
Your admirable criticism of the method of artificial respiration as pres nted in the Textbook is published becau,se, until the revised issue appear, it merits the careful attentlOn of all intere ted in fir t aid, It is, however, an open secret that in the next edition of the Textbook the original Schafer lethod will be restored and \\'ill replace the St. ] ohn Method; and that in this matter the Association and the Royal Life aving Society will present identical instructions. Incidentally, ha\'e never heard of fatalities being- caused by first aiders (or being debited against them ever_in courts) as the result of their performance of artihcial respIration, Your statempnt that some lay readers of FIR T .-\10 deliberately ignore my rulings on \'ariou points is well kno\\ n to me, becau e in my wanderings up and down ,the country 1 have se\'eral times been told to m)' face by hrst aiders that they always read my answers even though they continue to with them. Perhaps these artless individuals wondered why I smiled when they tohl me so \\' ere they heartless? I do not know; but 1 still smile as I write !- T.C.F.
POSITION OF HA 'OS TN ARTIFICIAL RESPIR.ATION.
].". (Romford),-I am writing on behalf of some of the members of the Dagenham Division, S.lA, B., to ask your ruling on the method of applyi?g Sch afer's Artificial respiration. One member 10 partIcular asserts that the method has been changed. He says that, instead of placing your hands over the lower ribs as in the Textbook you place your hands over the patient's shoulder blades and press down hard \Vill you please let us know which is the right course to adopt?
Your member is mlxmg up his methods; and he is thinking of the Holgar Neilsen Method ""hich was first des c ribed in the May, 1935, issue of FIRST AID, and whi:.:h teaches hat must be made on the shoulder bladf's. The method des c ribed in the Textbook is known as the St. lorn Prone Pressure 1ethod and requires pressure to be made on the lon'er ribs, the operator's hands being so placed that the tips of his just touch the lower angles of the shoulder blades. In the Schafer Method pressure is made on the loins and is exerted mainly in the space between the 10'Nest ribs and the crests of the iliac (or haunch) bones.
For all examinations and competitions conducted on the authority of the Textbook, the St. ] ohn Method must be practised, even though it is now almost universally agreed at home and overseas that the Schafer 1ethod gives the best results and approximates most nearly to natural breathing.-N. C. F.
FIRST AID FOR BURNS.
P,B. (Rotherham).-The question of how best to render first aid in cases of severe burns was recently raised at an inquest; and the coroner supported the suggestion of a house-su rgeon that, in his opinion, the best thing to do \vas to wrap the victim up warmly and to send him (or her) as quickly possible to the hospital. We shall be grateful for your observations on the newspaper cutting which I enclose.
I t seems to me that the house-surgeon was gi ving advice to people who, being untrained in first aid, often act strangely
in such mergencics. To those who have been trained, however, 1 give the adv ice to fo l low the instructions set out in the Textbook, especially with reff'rence to the treatment of Shock. In such ca e it often pays to delay the removal to hospita l for a brief period until he (or she) shows signs of responding to such treatment. After all, with severe burns it is the Shock which usually kill the patienl.- .C.F.
TREATMENT OF CARBIDE POlO ING.
D. W (l\laida Hi ll ). - Being a fir t aider I was asked the following question :_CI \Vhat would you do if )OU were called to a person who had taken Calcium Carbide, medical aid not being readily a\'ailable? "
Knowing the eITect of water on the above substance I replied that I should gi\'e the patient olive oil, alad oil, or medicinal paraffin whichever was available and then try to make the patient vomit by putting- two fingers to the back of the throal. Your observatinns on the above question and an wer will be g'reatl) appreciated.
In view of the rarity of cases of Carbide Poi oning and of the absence of definite in tructions as tCl treatlllent in the Textbook, I consider that your answer was to be commended. Nevertheless refer you to the answer on this matter previously given to another correspondent in thi issu - F.
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ON APPROVAL. Design s ana Qzut4tio?ls post fra . Wholesale Prices to all "FIRST AID" SOCIETIES. Contractors to H.M.Ministry of Munitions, Russian Government, etc. London Showroom:62. HOLBORN VIADUCT. E.C Telephone-2535 CENtral. BRITISH ST. JOHN RED CROSS & AMBULANCE SOCIE.TY BRIGADE UNI FORMS 'I DIRECl FROM OUR FACTORY Perfect Fit, Quality and Materials , Correct Details, We have had 50 lears experience in the making of Uniforms • WRITE FOR DESIGNS, SAMPLES and PRICES 49. Hardman Street • 15. Red Lion SqulJ'e LIVERPOOL. LONDON. w.e 1 Phone: Royal Phone: Chancery 8'4.' I FII H3 :I :II I:i i 3;'13 .) :bi 111111 (L'POOL) LTD. 111111 Printed 2.nd rublisheu by DALE, REYNOLDS & Co., Ltd., 46, Cannon-street, Lond!l)o, E.C.4, to whom all communications should be addressed 1 elegratJu- -" Twe,.'y-jour, Ltmdon." Tell,n(me -City 37 IO. To be b.d of.-) Newlsgents,Booksellel'saud Bookstalls in the Tloitp.d and at all Railway Booklitalls of Messrs. W. H. Smith and Sons. Ill1arrmm n llU1lililllTIllWIlilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll1111111111111111111111111111111 1Ill1IDI :mnn:mm <)nbepen6ent for theXmbulance anb No. 510. Vol. XLIII. DECEMBER, 1936. Price 3d. UllllUllllllWTIUllDllllIlllllIllIllllIlllllIIllllllllIlllllIlIlllIllIlIllll111111I1WIIILI1IIIlWTIlilllDIIW lllllllllllllllllllllrm
Recruits Strength
The dietetic value of Oxo IS recognised as bemg superior to home ... made beef... tea. Readil) digested and assimilated by the patient, it is qUickly and easily prepared .
IlaT AID
:Jnbeptnhtnf Journal for tl)e an6 3aul"sing
NOTICE TO READERS.
FIRST AID Is published on the 20th of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3d. Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestio ns for Practical Papers.
All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at I he address below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily tor fJublication) by the nam e and address of the Correspondent.
The Perfect Fluid Diet
Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD ., 46, CANNON STREKT, LONDON, E.C.4. 7 elegraphic Address-" Twenty-jour, London. Telephont-City 37IO.
CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER
EOITORIAL ;-
Greetings
t. John .\mbulance Association
Fittings.
The most up-to-date and scientific in the world.
THE NEW "PORTLAND" GEAR
( Pat. No. 380963).
Th5s new patent Ambulance Gear offers many unIque advantages whether the Ambulance is carrying two stretcher cases or only a single case. A self-contained unit, it can be placed in almost any vehicle, and it makes the loading of either top or bottom the simplest possible matter.
The "PORTLAND" Gear should be specified
Street, London, W.I.
for an y new Ambulance and it provides an ideal method of modernising vehicles already in use.
wh ic h is free for the ask· ing, describes this Patent Stretcher ElevatlOg Gear, which is a triumph i n compactness and scient ific design,and the whole range of Ambulance FurOlture and FIttIngs.
Extracts from the 1anual of Instruction for the Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff
S.] .A. B. Headquarters and District Reports Reviews
The Hospitallers' Club
Priory for \V ales
S.] A. B. Overseas
Coming Events
Police Ambulance News
l\lemorial to the late I iss Hoare
Detailed Marking Sheet No. 49
Railway Ambulance News
Colliery Ambulance News
Our Nurses' Pages
Home Service Ambulance Committee
Public Health Congress and Exhibition
Ambulance News Cutting-s from the Press
QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS ;-
Treatment of Fractured Jaw
Examination Howler
Suffocation During Sleep
Use of Petrol for Wounds ..
Treatment of Fractured Pat ella
Fracture of Both Legs
Humour in First Aid
Treatment of Burn s
Treatment of Sprained Ankle
EDITORIAL.
We extend to our readers
GREETINGS. at home and abroad our cordial greetings for the Festive Season and best wishes for health, happiness and prosperity during I937. To members of the Medical Profession who so largely contribute to the success of this Journal, we take this opportunity of saying " Thank you for your help in the past and we look forward to your continued assistance in the future."
The present year has been one of continued and expanded activities. During 1935 we had the Jubilee celebrations to contend with, but 1936 saw an even greater, and a very much sadder, duty which had to be covered. \TV e refer to the funeral of His Late Majesty King George V. Not only on the actual funeral day but during the days of lying-in-state marvellous voluntary work was undertaken by first aiders. Air raid precautions also have been the cause of extra study. This subject is now well to the fore and already some 40,000 members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and many thousands of British Red Cross Society members are holders of A. R. P. certificates. In spite of these extra duties and increased study the usual duties at numerous functions have been carried out with the efficiency which is the keynote of the voluntary ambulance worker.
In regard to ourselves we shall not rest content on the kind letters it has been our pleasure to receive from readers all over the world. l\lany have expressed their appreciation for the educational contents in each issue and for these expressions of satisfaction we say " Thank you." It will be our aim to make FIRST AID an even more indispensable Journal to those whose vol untary services we so much admire.
UNIFORM for all V.A.D. Detachments COMPLETE OUTFIT FOR B.R.C.S. MEMBERS Consisting of Coat, Cap, Dress, Apron, Collar, Cambric Cap, Sleeves, Belt, for £4 -1 -6 FOR ST. JOHN AMBULANCE SISTERS
Coat, Hat, Dress, Apron, Collar, Cuffs, Belt, Gloves, for £3-18-0 Nurses' Outfitting Association, Ltd., Carlyle Building STOCKPORT L ondon: Abbey H ou se West· minster, S. W I. Liverpool 57, Renshaw Street Manchester 36, King Street Birmingham Street N ewcastle26, N onhumherland St. S outham pt on 135, High Street Glasgow lII, Union Street A .. ST. JOHN COAT RED CROSS APRON Write for new, fully illustrated catalogue and detailed price list. Sent immediately with· out obligation
Comprising
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IINVALID FUR.NITUR.E
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Sectional Catalogue 7A,
Whatever the Chassis .,J" " use Carters' Ambulance iIIl
125,
Telephone-Langham
Telegrams-"Bathchalr, Wesdo, London.'
By Appointment. WRITE FOR IT This illustration shows the clear gangway (or loading the lower stretcher when only one case is being carried. IIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111,"1""1
127, 129, Great Portland
1040.
No. 510.-VOL. XLIII. DECEMBER, 1936. [ E"ttnd at ] Stationers' Hall PRICE THREEPENCE [3/6 PER A ,..NOM, POST FREE
Wound of
g h
Letters to the Editor 137 138 139 141 145 145 146 148 148 149 1S0 150 1S1 1541SS 158 158 15 160 160 160 160 60 160 160 162 162 162 162
Thi
with Arterial Bleed ing
And so we close this year with the good old fashioned wish--
St. John Ambulance Association
OXFORD.
Dr. \V. E Audland presided at the annual meeting of the Oxfordshire County Centre, supported by Lieut. -Col. H. F. N. Jourdain (hon. treasurer) and Mr. H. Hinds (hon. secretary).
Marked progress was made during the past year and, according to the annual report, the number of awards !:{ained being nearly 100 oyer the previous year. A special class ,vas again held for the Oxford City Police and the ounty Constabulary.
The chairman said the report was a matter for congratulation, and he paid tribute to the work of 1\[r. Hind. SHEFFIELD.
The annual dinner of the ambulance class of the English Steel Corporation Ltd., was held on Saturday, November 21st.
1\1r. A. B. 'Winder, managing director, presided, and after referring to the increased progress of the firm, paid tribute to the sen ice being rendered to the firm bv the ambulance class under their hon. secretary, Mr. James H. Laing.
Mr. Basil Gray (Supt., Grimesthorpe Works) suggested that something should be done to reduce the number of minor accidents in the works. At Grimesthorpe 3,000 accidents, mostly of a minor nature, were treated in the year.
Dr. J. Eric Stacey paid tribute to the work of the ambulance class, stating that for the actual first-aid treatment of a works' accident the advice may be better from a doctor, but the application of the dressing and splint is better done by an ambulance man than by a doctor.
Ir. J. H. Laing, in his annual report for the year ended October 31st, said the personnel of the ambulance class now numbered 103. Cases including redressing , numbered 31,514. The subject of the protection from poison gas during air raids had been taken up, but little progress, as yet, had been made. The class was now in its 50th year and would attain its Jubilee in August, 1937.
The following competition prizes and trophies were presented by Mr. A. B. Winder.
Individual: Elementary Section.-1, T. E. Eyre; 2, J. Green; 3, J. Freeman.
Advanced Section.-1 , J. H. Bedford; runner-up, VV. Pinder.
Special Advanced Section.-1, J. Pearce; runner-up, A Giles.
Team (departmental).-1, Grimesthorpe (S. Vawser, captain) 2, Maintenance Dept. (A. Giles, captain). " Douglas Vickers" Shield.-1, A. Gile!:>' team; 2, W. Pinder's team.
vVELLI GTON, NEW ZEAL.--\. , D.
.\ccording to the annual report of the Wellington Centre, 29 first aid, 7 home nursing', 14 preliminary first
aid, 5 preliminary home nursing, 3, preliminary hygiene and -+ cooking classes were held, an increase of eleven over the previous year. Eight hundred canuidates qualified, this bing an increase of 201. An excellent result indeed.
Railway ambulance work is increasing and first Rid posts suggested to the vVellington Automobile Association.
A a result of broadcast talks the work of the Association has become better known, and the ledical Comfort. Depot cuntinues to grow.
The training in anti-gas measures is recei\ ing attention and s.ince the issue of the report, instructions have commenced
The Blnod Tranfusion ervice is under the auspices (1f the As ociation and continues to give excellent services to the various hospitals in the City and suburbs.
Co-operation with the Police Department also continues with satisfactory results.
The Visitation of Col. J. L. Sleeman is also referred to together with other items of interests.
An interesting item is the number of certificates gained since the formation of the Centre in 1885. These include 7,405 first aid and 100 home nursing by men, and ,221 orst aid, +,212 home nursing and 2+ home hygiene by nur es. I n addition Junior awards, in three years, number over 700.
The report concludes with review of reports from ubcentres, all of which give e\'idence of incr a ing- acti\ ity.
THINGS SE E N--
At a recent Investiture it was noticed that an olllcer \\"a wearing a soft collar and no medals, only ribbon
A competitor applying pressure on the brachial artery, to stop hccmorrhage from palm of hand, after ha\ ing diagnosed a fracture of the humerus.
An officer going on duty and ackno\\'ledging whilst still continuing to pu,lr at a cigarette in hi mouth.
A N D HEARD .
That at the recent disastrous fire at the Crystal Palace, the NOf\yood and Crystal Palace Divi ion, S.J.A. B., were fortunate in that their headquarters escaped damage. L'nfortunately the 5 ur ing Division were less fortunate and lost all their possessions.
That a District Officer in a certain district is being taken to task for making footling criticisms about his superior officers.
" 1 am often asked how members manage to get time orf to do public duties, and frankly I have to say I do not know. " - Sir ] ohn Duncan, Chief Commissioner, S.J. A. B.
" First aid is a most important thing, and every member of the Force should make himself proficient. "-Sir H u gh Turnbull, Commissioner, City of London Police.
The Table II of War Gases w hich appeared in o ur August, 1935 i s su e, can b e had in page form at the nominal charge of 2/- per 50 , post fr ee . Applicat ion s should b e sent, together with remittance, to " First Aid ," 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C'4.
Extracts from the Man ual of Instruction FOR THE Royal
Naval Sick Berth Staff. *
(( 'un/lulled froJ/l pag c //.1.)
The Iris is a circular pigmented curtain, and lies behind the cornea.
It varies in colour in different people from light bl ue to dark brown; in the cen tre is a round hole called the PUPl'l.
The iris contains muscles which can increase or diminish the size of the pupil.
The Rehlla, or inner coat, consists ot the terminal branches of the optic nerve, which are spread ou t over the in terior of the eyeball.
The Optic erve leaves the back of the eye and pierces the sclerotic and choroid coats, and joins the brain through a gap in the back of the orbit.
I n the interior of the eyeball are the lens and two fluid called Humours.
The Lens is a transparent body, convex on either side, like a magnifying glass, and suspended behind the pupil. It is elastic and its thickness can be altered by the contraction of a muscle, called the Ciliary Iuscle.
The lens divides the eyeball into two cham bers The anterior chamber is the smaller, and contains a thin watery fluid called the Aqlleous Humour The posterior chamber forms about four-fifths of the entire globe, and is filled with a transparent jelly-like substance, called the Vibeolts Humozl7'.
Vzsion. The eye is a camera. Rays of light, after passing through the lens, are focussed on to the retina, and the impressions of form, shape, length and colour there produced are conducted to the brain by the optic nerve Rays of light from a distant object pass through the lens and form a sharp inverted image on the retina . If this object were brought nearer, the image would not be focussed on the retina, and would appear blurred. This, howeve r , is prevented by the lens becoming more convex, again sharply focussing t he object on the retina, and the nea r er the object is to the eye the more convex does the lens become. Th is changing of shape of the lens is called Acc01nmodation, and is brought about by the ciliary muscle.
Cameras are fitted with a diaphragm, by
*Reprinted by permission of the Conlroller of H M. Stationery Office. Copies of the manual can be had of H. 1\1. Stationery Office, Adastral House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2, or any branch , price 4/5d. post f r ee.
means Jf which the aperture over the lens can be made larger or smaller, and so regulate the amount of light which passes through the lens. It is found that the smaller the hole the sharper the Image.
I n the eye th is action is brought about by the iris, which controls the size of the pupil.
The pupil becomes larger when shaded from the light, and when looking at a distant object.
The pupil becomes smaller when exposed to light and when looking at a near object.
The Appendages of the Eye include the eyelids, the conjunctiva, the muscles of the eye, and the lachrymal apparatus.
The Eyelids are two folds of skin and mucous membrane, which, when closed, protect the eye from injury.
The Conjunctiva is a thin layer of mucous membrane which lines the inner surface of the eyelids, and is reflected over the surface of the eyeball.
The Orbzlal .1.1Iuscles are six in number, and lie inside the orbit.
By their combined action the eye can be rotated in any direction.
The Lachrymal Apparatus cons ists of the lachrymal gland, which secretes the tears, and the ducts which conduct the tears into the nose
The Lachrymal Gland is situated at the upper and outer angle of the orbit. I t has several small ducts, which open on to the conjunctiva between the eyebalJ and the upper lid The t ears pass over the front of the eyeba ll to the inner angle of the eye Here may be seen two little papillce, one on each eyelid, and at the apex of each a small opening These are the openings of the lachrymal ducts, which unite and enter a canal called the Nasal Duct, which leads the tears into the nose Tears are alway s being secreted, but a r e n ot vis i b le, as they are carried away by the nasal d u ct When t here is excessive secretion, the duc t s c annot carry the tears away quick l y enough, and they ove rflow on to the cheeks
(8) TIlE GENERATIVE Sy TEi\I. Male Organs of Generation.
The Penis is a pend ulous organ suspended from the front and sides of the pubic arch. I t conta i ns the u r eth r a.
138 FIR S T
"A ?\Ierry Christmas and a Happy New Year."
A I D.
FIRST A I D 139
I t IS corn posed of three cylinders of tissue containing spaces \vhich, when filled with blood, cause the organ to become erect. Two of the cylinders, the Corp01'a Cavernosa, lie side by side on the upper surface of the penis. The other cylinder, the Corpus Spongz'osUln, lies on the under side of the penis, and through it runs the urethra. The end of the penis is bulbous and is called the Glans, in the extremity of which is the opening of the urethra , called the l1Ieatus.
That part of the skin of the penis which covers th e glans is called the Prepuce or F01"es kz'n. It is attached to the under surface of the glands by the Framum.
The Unthra commences at the front of the base of th e bladder, passes through the prostate gland, under the symphysis pubis, along the under side of the penis, and ends at the meatus. It is about 8 inches in length and is lined with mucous membrane.
For surgical purposes the urethra is described as consisting of two parts, the posterior urethra, lying beween the base of the bladder and the root of the penis, and the anterior u1'e thra, lying in the penis.
On the floor of the urethra and just in front of the prostate gland, are the two openings of Cowper's Glands, and on the roof are the numerous openings of L z'ttre's Glands.
T he Prostate Gla n d I ies at the base of the bladder and surrounds the beginning of the urethra. It is about the size and shape of a chestnut.
The Scrotum is the pend ulous skin covered sac, which contains the testicles.
The Testz'cles are two oval glands which secrete sel1zen. Semen contains spermato zoa, the male ge rm cells that fertilize the female germ cells or ova.
L ying behind each testicle is the Epz'didymis, whic h is a coiled tube along which the semen passes. It is continuous with a tube called the Vas Deferens, which runs from the epididymis into the abdomen, through an opening in the groin, called the Ingu 'inal Canal, and then opens into that part of the urethra, which is surrounded by the prostrate g land. Connected to each vas deferens is a pouch called the S emin al Vesicle, wh ich lies at the base of the bladder and acts as a reservoir for the semen.
The Ductless Glands. These are the Thyroid, the Suprarenal bodies, the Pituitary body, and the Spleen. As far as we know, these glands produce secretions which are absorbed into the hlood, and are necessary for the nourishment of the body and for the maintenance of its general tone.
The Thyrozd consists of two oval bodies lying on either side o f the trachea, joined across the trachea by an isthmus. It produces a secretion which is necessary for normal growth.
The Suprarenal Bodies are two small masses
about 1t inches long, lying on the upper end of each kidney. They produce a secretion known as Adrenalin, which constricts blood vessels and keeps up the general tone of the body.
The Pitu ztary Body is a small oval mass attached to the base of the brain and l y ing on the sphenoid bone. It produces a secretion known as Pituitrin, which stimulates involuntary muscle, and it also furnishes some substance which promotes growth.
The Sple en is a flattened oblong organ of a dark bluish red colour, which lies in the left side of the abdomen, close to the cardiac end of the stomach. It is about 5 inches long and weighs about 7 ounces. This organ is composed of a network of connective tissue, enclo s ing cells, which are bathed by the blood. The spleen appears to act as a blood filter, removing any foreign matter, and destroying- old red blood corpuscles.
CAVITIES OF T H E BOD Y
There are three large cavities of the body.
(1) The Cerebro-Spinal Cavity.
(
2) The Thoracic Cavity or Thorax.
(3) The Abdominal Cavity.
The Cerebra-spinal Cav ity is bounded by the bones of the cranium and by the bony canal of the spine.
It contains the following important organs :-
(a) The Brain.
(b) The Spinal Cord.
The Th01"aC£c Cavity is a cone-shaped space, commonly called the Chest. It is bounded behind by the dorsal vertebrce, in front by the sternum or breast bone, at the sides by the ribs and their cartilages, and below by the diaphra g m.
At the upper end is an opening, throu g h which pass the trachea or windpipe, the <:es opha g us o r gullet, blood vessels and nerves.
It contains the following important organs :-
(a) The Heart and large blood vessels.
(b) The Trachea and Lungs.
(c) The CEsophagus.
The Abdom£nal Cavity, or Belly, is generally described in two parts, the Abdomen Proper and the Pelvi5.
The Abdomen Proper.-This cavity lies below the diaphragm, and is almost entirely surrounded by muscular walls, except for the spine behind, and the lower ribs above.
It contains the following important org-ans :-
(a) The Stomach and Intestines.
(b) The Liver.
(c) The Pancreas.
(d) The Spleen.
(e) The Kidneys.
(To be contz'nued.)
St. John Ambulance Brigade
H eadquarters and Dz'strz'ct Reports.
Brigade Headquarters.
!\. lll'\\ Bri"ade Order recenLly heen i slled which cCtnccls Special Brig-ade Orde r s A.R.P. o . 1, dated Octoher, 1935. and AR.T Ko. 2, dated April, 1936.
The nc\\ 13.0. (Jut the whole of the work to be undertaken by B rig-adc members, gi \' es particul ars 0 £ training: for Crac\c 1 and Grade 2 instructors' certificate, with syllabus; training for Brigade personnel. and the general public.
For Grade 1 certificates the examination consists of a \\ ritten paper () f four questions. an oral test of not les than five questions and a lecture tet to a ' certain whether the candidate is able to impart knowledge to a c1as evcnty-five pCI' cent. of marks under each heading i necessary for a pas Grade 2 certificate· fo])o\\ 011 similar lines except that IlO written paper IS required. \\'lth appro\'al a Grade 2 Instructor may it for a C;rade 1 examination but will not be calkcJ upon to pa the oral and lecture tests.
The definItion of the .R.P. Auxiliary Reserve is L'mbodied in the Brigade Order together with instruction, the enrolment and the undertaking of uch membe r s.
Saturday and unda)" i\To\"e11lber 22nd and 23rd werc hu} days for ncarl) 275 member of the Brigade who yisited London for thc ixth All-England .R.P. Course EnthLl .· ia 111 secmed to be thc kcvnote at this course and it \Va eyident that every 111cmbe-r present was eage r to learn all that could he learnt in the time at disposal.
Dr. \V. C Bentall (A.R.P. taff Officer) presided over the mecting and was assisted by 11r. E. R. Tweh e (A.R.P. taCf Officer, Derby hire), Dr. J. Fenton (Eastbourne), 1\lr iN. H. Harris (Walton & \ Veybridge), A. M. vVorfolk (Caterham) and 1\.1r. C E. Bower (A R.P. taff 1 o. 1 District) as lecturers.
The Chief Commi ioner) ir John DUllcan, add res ' ed the members saying it was a great pleasure to be present to welcome them. lIe referred to the commencement of the work and the A.R.P. Auxiliary Reserve and paid tribute to Major Darvil-Smith (Brigade ecreta ry ) and 11r. H. J. Wriggle worth (Asst. Secretary) w h o were responsible for the excellent arrangements) and to thc lecture r s for their attendance. ir John concluded hi short speech with the words "Your work is a g r eat example to the Gene r al Public."
The Course ran smoothly f r om beginning to the end thanks to the organisat ion ca rri ed out behind the scenes by the Headquarters Staff.
M r. Joe Grossman (B ritish International Pi ctures) once again gathered an all sta r cast fo r the Saturday Eve nin g Conce rt at which the Earl of Scarbrough and other members of the Ord cr we r e present. The artistes included Bebe D anie ls, Jun e Clyd e) Margaret Bann er man, A E. Nickolds (an old Brigade member) and many other Film, Stage and B.B.C stars.
Sir Pe r civa l W ,ilkin on (Secretary Gene ral) on b ehalf of those present thanked Mr. Grossman for the splendid entertainment and the a rtistes for their services. Sir Percival a lso r eferred to t h e g r eat wo rk of Mr. and Mrs. Maxwe ll for the Ord er.
Following the last lectu r e on the Sunday evening, Dr. Bentall thanked the a udi ence for their attention) his
lecturers fo r their assistance and Headquarters taff for the exce ll ent arrangements.
On behalf of the visito r s Ian F ra se r (Northern Ireland) in a few we ll- spoken words asked the Chairman and lecturers to accept the best thanks of all present for the trouble taken and the knowledge imparted.
No. I ( Prince of Wales's) District.
The Annual Officers' D inner was held on Saturday, December 5th, when a record gathering spent an enjoyable time.
Captain VV. Goodley, M.C (the Commissioner), presided, supported by many members of the Order, Police, L ocal Authorities, and others.
Following the loyal toasts, Asst. Commissioner Capt. F. E. Bendix proposed "Our Guests." He referred to the affection and respect all members had for Sir Percinl \ Vilkinson (Secretary-General); and the firm but kindly eli cipline and guidance which had endeared Sir John Duncan (Chief Commissione r ) to eyery member of the Brigade. "One whose efforts had been really grand and worthy of admi r ation" was the speaker's welcome to Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher (Surgeon- in-Chi ef).
Capt. Bendix referred to the closer co-operation between Police and Brigade and welcomed Sir Hugh Turnbull (Commissioner, City Police), .i\Ir. G. Abbis (Deputy Asst. Commissioner, Police)) and other members of both Forces who took so great an interest in first aid.
H e would have liked to make reference to all guests present especially the ladies but they, of course, speak for themselves Capt. Bendix concluded his toast with an exp r ession of re gret at the absence of the Earl of Scarbrough (Sub-Prior).
Sir Percival Wilkinson responded in a pleasing manner and said he had been ague t at every annual function since its inception and he great ly appreciated the gene rous spirit of hospitality which existed at them. Such functio ns did much to cement and bind together the closer relationship between the members.
S i r Hu gh Turnbull also responded. H e assured those present that the work done by the Police in company with members of the Brigade could not be carried out efficiently but for the valuable assistance of the Brigade. Hc thanked No.1 District fo r the efficient help gi\ en during the past year and wished them every success in the future.
The toast" The Prince of W ales's Dis t ri ct and the President" was proposed by Sir John Duncan. It was a pleas ure to h1m to propose the toast as it gaye him the oppo r tun ity of t h anking the district for the work carried o ut during a most strenuous year. The work in the Metropolitan Area was increasing eac h yea r but it was gratifyin g to him to know that every duty h ad been effi ci €ntly carried out. He was often asked how it was that members were ab l e to do all the duties but he was still un able to answer the question.
Sir J ohn r efe rr ed to the Air R aids precaution work which th e Brigade h ad taken up so enth usiast ically and he wished to especially thank District Officer Bower fo r the yeoma n work he had done. He all ud ed to the fact that many Borou g h a uth o riti es w e r e much behind in drawing
FIR S T
A I D.
FIR S T AID. 141 ---------------------------------------------------------
up their local scheme. Thi \york, continued ir J 01111, \\ ill improve the importance and prestige of the Brio·ade.
Ref e rring to the Commissioner, John said that \\ords failed him to expre his appreciation on the work done. It wa a yery noble work and Capt. Goodley could not be thanked enough for his maryellou service
Mu ical honour greeted the Gommissioner on his ri ing to re pond. He wa he said, proud to be the Comm i ioner of uch a district and assured Sir Tohn that en' ry man and ,,-o man was proud to sen'e unde;' his (Sir J o hn' ) command.
The strength of the district on ovember 30th wa approximately 8,500, new recruits ince Januan 1st numhering 1796. Duti es con red numbered 1,27-+ whilst 27261 case had been attended. On the occasion of Kin o' Geo rge funeral 7,735 casnaItie "were dealt \yith one o'clock. He wished to exp re s his thanks to all members for their upport.
. -r:he public had hown their appreciation by contnb ut1l1g generou ly to the annual flag at which nearl" £-+.000 had been collected.
The Di trict had 10 ·t, through r es ignation, three excellent officers, nam ely, Dr. Lund, Dr. Kendall and District Officer Piers.
Re ga rding A.R.P. \\ o rk oYer 2,000 certificates had
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included Di trict Officer and 1\[r Fitch District Officer and ilIrs. Haine , Lady District 1\[rs. Jorrish, District Officer from Headquarter, and Dr. Dubash, from Bombay.
upt. Ambler proposed "Our Guests and Visitors." lle was pleased to \\ ekomc Boult\-vooel, their new vice-president, al 0 thc ;..rayor and Uayores and other distinguished friend. He apologi ed [or thl' absence of Dr. McKettrick.
The l\Iayor, in respon C. said he always appreciated ambulance work and referred to the marvel lOlls work carried out by the Brigade. lIe paid tribute to the \\ork of the local Divisions.
Capt. Bendix also briefly replied and ga\'c the toa t of" 0 8 and 15 Divisions" who were not only efficient in the ambulance \York but aloin running-ocial c\·ents.
Cotmcillor Harper thanked the diyi ion for their hospitality and congratulated them on their great work during the past week. IIe wa ol1ly too happy to do all he could to assist them. :'IIi s \Valkcr al 0 added her praise on behalf of the N nrsing Department.
Amb. Officer Morrish, \\'ho acted as toastlllCl "te r) ga \'c that of "The Chairman." They \\'erc pleased to welcollle him and were glad to have the henefit of his service.
Councillor Boult \\'ood in reply aid he hac! taken a
A.R.P. practice by members of Stoke Newington Division, under Supt. L. Herbert. been IS ued to members of the d istrict, 166 courses had been held, 88 ambulance and -+1 nursing divisions were fu lly tral11ed and 179 l11structors' certificates had been gai ned.
Ca pt. Goodley concluded his speech by thank in o· the Drigade Secretary, Association S ec retary, Stores :'IIanager, his A sistant Commiss i one rs and District Headquarters staff and last but not least his District Treasur er (Capt. L. L. Franks) \\'ho had arranged so admirable a function.
Dancing then followed until 12 o'c lock, Distpict Officer Burton carrying out the duties of master of ceremonies.
EAST HAl\L-Th e joint annual dinner and dance of the East Ham Ambulanc e and tll-sing Divisions was held on aturday, O\'ember l-+th Councillor G. W. Boultwood, J.P. (vicc-president) presided supported by ilIrs. Boultwood, The :'IIayor and ilIayoress (Alderman and Mrs. Barton), Councillor and Mrs. Harper, Asst. Commissioner Capt. F. E. Bendix and :;\Ir Bendix Lady District Supt. Walker, Supt. A. E. A. Amble;, Lady Supt. OgIlVie, and others. Other guests present
great interest in their work for the pa 1. fe\\ )ears amI mentioned that his wife wa a member many year ago. H e congratulated the team \\'hich hac! rccently won the East Ham and District Competition.
Dancing then followed \\ith District Officer Kemp as ill. e. The pupils of 1\ I is Gordon, 0 f Wallhamstow, provided an exce llent cabaret which wa greatly appreciatcd.
WEST HAl\I.-The anllual competltlOn lor the Charles Statham" Challenge Trophy, which is also the Eastern Area t. Massey-Mainwaring" preliminary, wa held on atm-day, November 28th.
Eight teams competed) the judges being: Capt. F. E. Bendix , Asst. Commissioner, and District Officer Fitch (team), Dr. e. Homi (individual), Dr. J. Ross (vi'l'(1 7'OCC) and District Officer Haines (Uniform).
The team test was well staged to represent a busy thoroughfare and a shop, fully equipped, was depicted. The teams witnessed a taxicah drawing up outside the grocer's. shop fro:n which alighted a farc, who, as he was the dnver, suddenly staggered backwards and
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collapsed. The taximan got very flurried and hindered the teams as much as possible until knocked over by a cyclist. The passenger was found to be suffering from apoplexy; arterial and venous h<emo.rrhage the right knee, fracture of humerus mvolvmg elbow Jomt and shock whilst the driver had a fractured patella and shock.
At the conclusion of the tests the Assistant Commissioner presided, the results being annollnced by Supt. A. G. Ash, who was responsible for the arrangements, as follows: I, West Ham, 3551 marks; 2, Dagenham, 346£; 3 Southend, 322!, O t her teams in order of merit being Woolwich Beckton, Barking, East Ham, and Ilford.
Supt. 'Ash said it was a pleasure to have Capt. Bendix present not only as a but as the Assistant Commissioner and thanked hIm and the other gentlemen who had acted as judges.
Capt. Bendix, who presented the prizes, criticised the
AID. 143
and both gentlemen congratulated the teams on their high standard, special commendation being given to the Dagenham team under the leadership of CorpI. H. W. Blower.
The Southend team occupied the second place with Barking and Romford tying for the third place.
A course of A.R.P. Lectures for the general public will commence on Friday, January 15th next, at the St. Marylebone Town Hall. Fee for the course, including textbooks, charts, etc., 3s. 6d.
The lecturers will include District Officer Bower, Corps Supts. Jackson, Standingford, Wells, Allrnn, Div. Supt. Elvin and Amb. Officer Lishman. Full particulars can be obtained from Div. Supt. W. M. V. Allen, 58/5 Division S.J.A.B., Western District Post Office, W.l.
work done. All injuries had bcen depicted and to get the correct diagnosis it was essential that the examination was thorough. He wished the West Ham team every success in the final.
Referring to the other Area competitions he was pleased to announce Councillor Boultwood (President, East Ham Division) had presented two trophies, the" G. Boultwood" and the" Grace Boultwood" Shields, which he hoped would be an added incentive to teams to enter. He thanked Councillor Boultwood most sincerely for his generous assistance.
SOUTIIEND.-At the annual competition for the" R. A. Jones" Challenge Cup competition held on Saturday, November 19th, Dagenham Division, for the third time in succession, were successful in gaining first place.
The competition is open to Brigade and Red Cross teams in Essex and this year eight Brigade teams and one Red Cross team competed.
The judges were Capt. A. e. White Knox, M.e. (Asst. Commissioner, Southern Area) and District Officer Haines,
N o. IV District . LANCASHIRE.
SOUTHPORT.-The Annual Church Parade of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions of the Southport Corps was held at All Saints' Church on Sunday. The Service was conducted by Canon W. E. Harston Morris. The parade was in charge of Corps Supt. L. Yewdall. The parade, which was about 60 strong, was headed by the British Legion Band.
PRESTON.-Mrs. H. Riddell, President of the Nursing Divisions of the Preston Corps, distributed the awards and certificates to members at their Headquarters, Chapel Walks, on Tuesday night. Congratulating the Corps on its outstanding long list of awards she referred especially to the Air Raid Precautions Certificates, adding that while it was hoped that such measures would not be needed, it was well to be prepared.
Dr. M. A. Glass presided, and among those present were Dr. Hugh Riddell, Capt. E. F. Millington (Corps SuVt.) and Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Howard.
1+2 FIR S T
A
I D.
PAST In. I!!Z-' C H( COIIP£ TITIOICS
The" Records and Honours" Board of the No. 87 (Sboreditch) Division, presented by 1\1r. Arthur T. Parry, J. P., Di\'isional President.
LrvERPoOL.-About 800 people attended a dance in the Grafton Room. Liyerpool. organised by the Central and Tran port Diyi ions of the Liverpool Corp. A feature o f the eYell111° \\-as the Cuban Cabaret. The guest. included Corps urgeon and Supt. Colonel D. C. Leyland Orton and Corps Officer ( ecretary) \\'. E. earl.
ROCllDALE.-).Ir Tweedale) Lady District Supt., No. -1- (Lancs.) District, was one of thc speakers at a conference at Preston on \\'edne day of repre entatins of non-county borough and di trict council on air raid precaution
ACCRIXGTOX.- The Accrington Drill Hall \yas gaily festooned with yari -coloured pennants) enhanced by a rcvoh-ing crystal bowl \\'hich reflected pot of brightlyhued light, when the 3-1-th Annual Ball ,va held. :i\lr.
J. A. Sunderland and hi De Luxe Orchcstra supplied a \yell-balanced programme of old-fashioned and modern dance, \\'hich delighted the large patronage. Refreshments wer e en'ed during the e,'ening. The duties of 11.C. ,,-ere efficiently performed by the Officers and of the Corp.
No. V. District.
XOTTIXGHA)1.-At the invitation of the Vicar, the City Ambulance Division arranged a Church Parade at t. Xicholas' Church on Armistice Sunday, which was also attended by officers and members of the Ambulance and Nursino- Divisions of the Nottingham Corps. The ambulance members paraded under the command of Corps Supt. S. Ibbotson) who was accompanied by Corps Supt.
A. G. "Teller and the Corps Surgeon, Dr. G. H. Parker.
The Parade was headed by the Tew Basford Salvation Army Band and marched to the Church, where the officers and members of the K ursing Diyisions were assembled under the command of Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Paling. The Service was conducted by the Vicar, the Rev. S. who delivered a very appropriate address. The Lessons were read by Corps Surgeon Dr. G. H. Parker.
After the Service) the parade re-assembled outside the Church, and the Ambulance Divisions returned to Friar Lane for dismissal.
POXTEFRACT_-The first meeting in the district to draw the general public's attention to protection from gas attacks was held on Saturday, Tovember 14th, and arranged by Corps Supt. T. C. Amery.
The Deputy Mayor (Ald. T. P. Brindley) presided supported by local and surrounding Brigade officers and others.
The chief speaker was Dr. W. C. Bentall) O.B.E. (A.R.P. Staff Officer) who said the object of the meeting was that they might freely discuss together the work which was being done throughout the country in relation to the educational propaganda of the air raids precaution scheme of the Government.
The speaker placed before the meeting a concise but lucid survey of the arrangements dealing with the Home Office suggestions and recommendations.
Questions on numerous aspects were asked which intimated that the meeting had done good.
Ald. Brindley in proposing a vote of thanks to Corps Supt. Amery, announced that in recognition of the helpful work of the Pontefract Corps in the South Kirkby Colliery disaster on August 23rd, 1935, the Order of St. John had presented to the Corps a VelIurn Vote of Thanks,
yote of thanks to Dr. Bentall was heartily carried on the call of ReI', A. E. Duckett, seconded hy Dr, Sullivan. and supported by upt. Amery-
Thursday, Novcmber 26th, the palding Di"ision held a sale of work at which the palding Toe H gave a concert.
One item of gr at <ll1111 ement was that giyen by two monocled young men \\ 110 drawled through a song- on al1lhulance \\'ork. Complete \\ ith the" Old chool Tie" they impersonated the \\'cstern Brothers and we give belo\\' a part of their ong whicll, although we cannot print in full, contains some sound advice.
Don't ah\ays imagine that YO"C can clo be t.
If a eloctor's arrived there before all the re t
Don't order him off 'cos you've pa ed your Fil--l Te t.
It let the side down. chap) it let the ide clo\\ n
If trOll!!, acid's heen drunk In- a l1li tahn dietetic And the state of the patient is truly pathetic, You \\on't get full marks if you giYC all emetie.
It lets the ide down, chap, etc.
1£ to treat an e lectric shock case you a pire, Don't try chafer' method, hot brick, \\'arm attire, And hot -tea-and then find that he' till on the wire' It let the side down, chap etc.
H a patient ha fractured hi' ja\\ \\ itll rough play
Don't fix it with handage in such a "ay
That as oon as you\'C finished, he <,ay : .; It' O_K."
It lets the side down, chaps, etc.
vVhen the patient has broken hi arm 011 SOllll: cohble.:;. Look for unnatural movement and shape-'illC11 as l1()h1>k'5 But don't \\a\-e it about ju t to ce if it wohhlc-.;
Tt let the ide do" 11, chap. etc.
\Vhen arteries seycred all efforts repul e, And the patient's lifc-strug gle hi body com td e. Don t spend an hour tr) ing' to di co\'er his plll"t'
Tt lets the ide down. chap, etc.
No. IX. District.
PEXZANCE.- The anllual in pection of the Penzance Division was held on Tuesday, November 2-1-th, County Officer Dr. R. H. Hadfield heing- the in. pecting officer. He complimented the men on their mart appearance and tressed the nece ity of con tant attention and practice in order that the high tandard always et by the Diyision migh t be maintained and improved.
After inspecting- the cadet divi ion, Dr. Hadfield expressed great pleasure at the high standard of knowledge and efficiency shewn by them, which reflected much credit on their instructor) Cadet Officer VV. H. Maycock.
TOTxEs.-On \i\Tec1nesday, November 25th) at Bridgetown Parish Room the annual inspection of the Totnes Corps under the command of Supt. Wheatley, was carried out by County Commissioner H. J. Vick.
The divisions represented were Totnes (with their cadets), A hprington and South Brent.
No. X. District.
Hertforclshire have taken up A.R.P. work wholeheartedly and Corps Officer A. G. Widdicombe (A.RP. Officer) is to be congratulated on his efforts in this direction. He has already issued three circulars of many pages and these have been written in such a way as to every member.
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The first circular dealt with organisation) appointments, A.R.P.A. Reserve, etc., and a column on ".Gossip." This latter item appears in each is ue and some "hort, pithy pars 011 and other !he other ci rculars give pubhclty to vanous questions reo'ardill'" the work and wc are pleased to note that the County Council ha circularized all Area Councils to the effect that they are. requested to co-operate with the Brigade in the fO:,matlOn ?f classes for the general pul1lic. Also.a g:rant IS to be given by the County Council to cover all 111 Iclental expenses.
NORWICII.-The annual competition for the" Cook" Cup open to teams of no\ ices .from Torfolk Divisions was helcl in the Lads' Club, on Decel!lber 5th) five team competed. The result \\ <l:s a wm orwl_\h Lads' Club team. the full result La?s Club :.Jon\ ich ity 791, Yarmouth 18. henngham (01) 'N'on\ ich Corporation sn. The winning team compnsed .'erg-cant J. Hag-g, Privates ,. Howe, A. Rowley, R. Waterson, and R. Tash.
T. II. Dain (Chief Con table and PreSident of the City of "Norwich Corps), who prcsented the Cup, congra'tulated all the team, and. thanked Dr. Gentle for j udging the team. and. the "anous other helpers. Dr. Ccntle paId trtbute to Corp upt. S. E. R. cott l or prcpa ring such a plendid te t and the ( nrpnratinn team on their performance at then first entry.
Reviews.
,\IR RA.ID PRECAliTION IL·\. DBOOK OF
II. \1. OO"ice: c\dastral House, IZing way, London. PI ice fid. posl Sd.
This is No. + of the series of A.ir Raid Precautions Handhooks produced by the ,\. R. r. Department of the Home Ofl"ice ; and it is intl'nded to sen'e two purpo es-(1) to explain the general principle g-o\'crnin!.:' the methods of counteracting contamination arising- from war gase and (2) to form a textbook for th training of the neucleu of the Decontamination en'ice, whether the e belong to the public services pro\'ided by local authorities or to the decontamination squad organised by public utility undertakings or factories.
This handbook does not repeat the general description of \-var gases, their characteristics and effects, which is contained in A R. r. Handbook No. 1. That handbook is, therefore, needed by e\'ery reader of this book to g-i\ e him the basic knowledge of war gases.
The first three Chapters serve as an introduction to the subject and tell us the meaning and significance of decontamination, the general principles involved and the special duties of decontamination squads The last four Chapters set out in detail the actual methods of decontamination of the roads and open spaces, of buildings and contents, of vehicles and of factories. The handbook closes with !lve brief but u sef ul Append ices, tabulating the equipment required and the methods of decontamination already described.
The actual methods must be learned by the personnel to whom would fall the duty of putting them into practice. The work would necessarily expose these men to danger from the gas; and consequently it is essential that, before they start to learn about decontamination, they should first learn how to protect themselves from injury. To this end the>' must study A.R.P. Handbool, No.1 on personal pro-
tt!ction against gas and so acquire information which is not cnntaine-cJ in this handbook.
rnUM THE PROVISIONS OF THE PHARMACY A TD POISONS ACT 1933 (PRACTITIONERS Al D HOSPITALS).
r f. Stationery Office: A.dast r al House, Kingsway, London Price ,d. net.
This 20 paged pamphlet has been issued by the Home Office with a \·iew to assisting duly qualified medical, dental and veterinary practitioners (referred to 111 the memorandum as "jractitz'oners") and persons in control of hospitals dispensaries and similar institutions, to ascertain the main requirements of the \-,oisons law with which they are specially concerned. It docs not deal with the requirements of the Dang-erous Drug-s Act applying to those poisons which are al 0 dangerous drugs.
The rnemoradum is di\'ided into two parts. In the first it sets out in a series of paragraphs the changes in the law concerning poisons, the substances subject to restriction, the requirements affecting dispensing practitioners, the method of obtaining- poisons and the form of prescription for such poisons. In the second part the memorandum details in similar fashion the special provisions for certain types of institutions, the supply and storage of poisons in institution and the ways in which institutions may leo-ally obtain poisons.
The Hospitallers ' Club.
TIlE Club's annual dance was held at the Cora Hotel on Saturday, December 5th.
About 106 members and friends enjoyed dancing to the music of Harding's Band.
During the upper inten'al the President, Mr. A. J. Bowman, expressed the thanks of all present to 1\1 r. Stallard for the excellent evenin.g he had arrangeu. Mr. Bowman zreeted old and new fnends and hoped' he ,,"ould meet them all again on the occas ion of the annual dinner to be held at the Connaught R ooms on Febmary 20th, 1937.
The "Absent l\lembers' Remembrance" was read by Mr. Stallard at 8_1S
On Frida\' December 11th, the Club had as its speaker 1\11'. F. E. Co;r'ing-ham, F. C.S. (of Messrs. Reckitt & Sons, Ltd_) who gave a'n interesting address on "Chemical Antieptics and their uses in First Aid."
He referred to Nature's antiseptics, fresh air and sunlight, and instanced cases where antiseptics bad used from the earl iest times. l\lany famoLls men and their works were brought before the meeting and the speaker explain.ed why chemical agents are used. The commo? antIseptICS were mentioned and their advantages and dIsadvantages discussed.
lembers asked numerous questions on certain aspects of the lecture, to which :\lr. Corringham replied. :\. unanimous vote of thanks 'was extended to the lecturer, with the hope that on a later occasio n, the Cluh would ha\-e his presence:
FIRST
A 10.
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A 10. 145
P rz ory for W ales .
FIRST VISIT OF H. R. H. THE DUIm OF KENT AS PRIOR OF THE PRIORY FOR \VALES.
Members of the Priory for \\Tal es accorded an enthusiastic "'elcome to H. R. H the Duke of Kent, KG., K T., who took the first possible opportunity since his accession to the office of Prior of personally identifying himself with the acti"ities of the Priory by attendance at a Meeting of General Assembly in Cardiff, on Friday, November 6th, at ,,,hich his Royal Highne s held an Im'estiture of Members recently admitted to or promoted in the Order.
By the kindness of the Officials of the National 1useum of \Vales, the Reardon Smith Lecture Theatre proved an admirably appropriate setting for a function which has been described generally as dignified in its simplicity. Iembers of the Chapter, in the picturesque black mantles of the Order, occupied the platform, and in the front seats of the main body of the hall were the Lord l\layor (Alderman G. F. Evans, J.P.) and members of the Cardiff City Council, whose colourful robes formed a striking contrast.
In an address of welcome, the Sub-Prior, the Earl ot Plymouth, P. C., said: "There can be no question as to the beneficient sen'ices to be rendered by Your Royal Highness as a result of your gracious acceptance of the office of Prior, not only in furtherance of the humanitarian objects of an Establishment of the Venerable Order, but also by promotion of the highest interests of the people of this Principality, with whom His l\Iajesty The King has been peculiarly identified over a number of years as Prince of Wales.
.. Immediate proof that His Majesty's keen interest in the \-Velsh people has in no manner been affected by His accession to the Throne is to be found in his forthcoming tour of South Wales: but a realisation that the more intimate relationship might one day haye to be modified influenced His Majesty, when Prince of Wales, to interest Your Royal Highness in the affairs of his Priory. The first fruits of this wise prevision were evidenced by the welcome appointment to the post of 'Lady Superintendent-in-Chief for \Vales of Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Kent, whose Patronage of our Nursing Services has given the greatest possible pleasure to all ranks of the Brigade and assures a progressive future in numbers and efficiency to the Women's Units.
" It was not long before the death of our late beloved Monarch called the first Prior of the Priory for Wales to the throne, in virtue of which succession King Edward VIII became Sovereign Head of the Order. His Majesty was graciously pleased to exercise his royal prerogative by sanctioning the appointment of His Royal Brother on the submission of the Grand Prior, H. R. H. The Duke of Connaught, KG., with the happy result that there was a but a short interval before the Priory once again found itself under the guidance of a Prince of 1.he Blood Royal.
"Steps had already been taken to establish a close connection between Your Royal Highness and the Order by your admission in the grade of Bailiff Grand Cross, whereby you became cognizant of the inner purposes and conversant with the outer ceremonial of the proceedings and functions that find such a suitable historical setting at St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, the ancient home of The Order in England, of which our own Commandery of Slebech in Pembrokeshire was at one time the most powerful and wealthy appendage.
" In carrying on the traditions of the Royal Family in this respect you have equipped yourself to direct the
destinies of the Priory for V','ales, which will look to Your Royal Highness to inspire emulation of that devoted sense of duty and concern for the public welfare which is preeminently characteristic of all member of the House of ""Vindsor. "
The Duke responded in the following words ;-
"I am very proud of the honour that has been conferred upon me by His lajesty, as Sovereign Head of the Order, in sanctioning my appointment as Prior.
"I am fully aware that fhe King, when I rince of \-Vales, has set me an in piring example of leadersllip in controlling the fortune of the fir t E tabli hment of the Venerable Order to be set up under the 'harter granted by my grandfather in 1907,
" Eyer since Queen Victoria issued the initial Charter in 1888, and constituted herself and her successors Sovereign Heads of the Order, it has been the privilege of my family to be closely associated with your fine \york.
"Secondly, the Commissioner for Special Areas has made a grant up to .£S,OOO-to be earned on the basis of a pound for a pound-for the erection of ambulance halls of presc r ibed dimensions in localities where no adequate facilities exist.
" This wise provision will serve to guarantee continuity to Divisions having no security of tenure in the absence of a home of their own; and sets the seal of permanence upon the stimulus imparted by a fvrmer grant of .£5,000 towards uniform and first aid equipment.
(( I thank you, :'IIy Lord Su b- Prior, for your welcome, and under these happy auspices I will now proceed to an Investiture of those whom His l\Iajesty has delighted to honour. "
Following the reading of the "Exhortation," the Prior invested one Knight of Grace, one Chaplain, Command=rs, sevenLeen Officers (Brother), four Officers (Sisters), twenty-four erving- Brothers, three erving Sisters; and presented nine Vellum Votes of Thanks-the names being
AID. 147
T he majo r ity of the Units in Wales are studying the subject; an d the availabi li ty of a supply of gas masks on loan to the Prio r y for issue to classes for limited periods will remove one of the greatest hindrances to progress in this connection. It is a happy reflection that in many cases the association of medical men with thE' A. R. P. Courses is leading up to their permanent identification with the Priory in the interest of Ambulance Work generally.
AMBULANCE HEADQUARTERS.
A welcome announcement made by H. R. H. the Prior was the allocation of a grant from the Special Areas Fund, up to a maximum of '£5,000 to be earned on a .£1 for a .£1 basis for the purpose of erecting Ambulance Halls in those parts of the Special Areas where Ambulance Divisions neither own nor have been able to hire suitable accommodation for their work.
While many Divisions benefit by facilities provided by
"
1\ly brother, when Prince of \Vales, a ked me to bear in mind the possibility of concerning- myself with the afTair of his Priory at some future date, and I \\'a only toc pica eel to ha\ e the opportunity of carrying out hi wi hes by becoming your Prior.
":\1)' wife, who is the Lady Superintendent-in- hief for the Principality, and I nov: look forward to a long and happy association with you in promoting the humanitarian work of the Venerable Order through the only Priory that as yet exists in the British Empire.
"The keynote of the future of the Grand Priory is to be found in its title, c. \\ ithin the British Realm' for it exists to co-ordinate the acti\ ities of our ambulance work hy means of Bailiwicks, Priories and Commanderies.
"With this in view we must look fonyard to the extension of an Imperial headquarters round the home of the Order at St. John's Gate-an extension capable of focussing the attention and commanding the allegiance of our membership.
" I feel that the future has great beneficient rossibilities, and I sincerely hope to see the Priory contributing its full share to the development of ambulance a c ti\'ities.
"I well realise the value of first aid, home nursing, motor ambulance transport, and similar means of alleviating suffering in the case of accident and illness, and I know that thE' need for assistance in such everyday occurrences i untortunately becoming more and more urgent.
" Statistics prove beyond any doubt that the toll of life goes far to counterbalance the curative methods ot our excellent health services.
Of what use is it that the birth-survival rate, and normal expectation of life, increase so long as the death-rate and accident figures are swollen abnormally by the ravages of modern life?
"The ambulance worker is a most necessary link in modern health service, and therefore I should like to commend him to the approbation of the general public. For, too often his services are taken for granted, and the public are ignorant of the striking fact that such services are entirely gratuitous
I am very glad to be able to make two announcements as a practical contribution to the present problem of distress
" First, the cost of conveyance of cases by our am bulance cars in respect of those carried for the Public Assistance, and other Committees of County Councils and local Authorities, will be reduced from 1 / 3d. to 1/- per mile with a minim u m of 7/6d. per journey.
Plwlogra}ll b), courtes)'] l TTTestern lJIail ...... South TVales J\Tews
Visit of H.R.H. The Duke of Kent, E..G., KT.
H R. H. The Prior re ponding to the address of welcome at General Assembly, No\ ember 6th, 1936. announced by the Principal Secretary (the Hon. John H. Bruce). The care taken by His Royal Highness to speak to each one was encouraging 1.0 the Investees and pleasing to all present.
Colliery Companies and other organisations, the lack of suitable accommodation has been a keenly felt need in many localities.
The Cardiff Centre of the Priory, of which Alder11lan G. 1". Evans, J. P., then Lord l\layor, is Chairman, was prou d to. undertake the organisation of a Ball which His Royal HIghness the Duke of Kent attended; and great cred it is due 1.0 the OfJi.cers and Committee for the success of t h e arrangements. Nearly 800 guests attended and to everyo n e's delight the Duke took part in a " Paul Jones," after dancing with his Hostess, the Countess of Plymouth.
A. R. P. ACTI\ ITIES.
A further meeting of the Chemical \Varfare Sub-Committee of the Priory was held in Cardiff on November 27th, when an offer of a trophy for annual A. R. P. competit ion was accepted and rules to govern such contests were drawn up.
T he new headquarters of the Gosport Corps, S.J.A B., we r e d eclared open by the l\1ayor on Saturday, December 5th.
At the ann u al dinner of the Bedminster Down Di\'ision, Bristol Corps, S. J. A.B , Amb. Officer H. Croker, Di\ Secreta r y, was presented with a barometer by his colleagues in appreciation of services rendered.
The Inter-Divisional first aid competition of the Breconshi r e Constabulary, was held at St. l\lichael's Hall, Brecon, o n Sat u r d ay, November 21st, when Brynmawr gained first p lace, followe d by Brecon and Y stradgynlais.
146 FIRST A I D.
F 1 R S T
S.J.A. B. Overseas. CEYLO:\.
On September 25th, His Excellency the GO\'ernor inspected O\'er 300 officers and men of the Ceylon Police Corps and later pre ented l\leritorious Certificates to In pector D J. A \Yijemanna and Sgt. 2178 v\'. N. de Ah\'is. Service Bars for 20 and 15 years ervice, and medals for 10 years enice were also pre ented.
His Excellency presented the Inspector-G ene ral's Challenge Cup to the Bor Ila team; the late Dr. A. C. A. Fernando's Cup, for artificial respiration, method, to the Foreshore team; Dr. D. D S. Outschoorn's Cup, for sergeant or constable scoring highest marks at the re-examination, to P. S. 807 S. S. Raju.
Sixteen teams and three teams of Police Boys' Brigade g-a\'e a demonstration of first aid. This was the occasion that the boys had given a display in public.
His Excellency, addressing the parade, the members and said it was a great pleasure to see such smart men and such good work. He was sure that it was great pleasure to the Inspector-General, Sir H L. Dowbiggin, to see that the work he had put in for so many years had borne such good fruit.
He took the opportunity of ho\v much he appreciated the great ad\'ance in proficiency, attributing the fact to the personal influence of the retiring Inspe ctor-General.
The Gm'e rnor noted with pleasure the number of men who had recei ved St, John medals. The work which they had done was very satisfactory and it was a great asset to have such a large number of intelligent men efficient to render first aid.
In the first aid competitions Professor F. O'B. Ellison, 1\1. D. (Asst. Commissioner, S.].A. B. Overseas), Dr. S. T. Gunasekera (Act ing Director of ;\ledical and Sanitary S ervices), Col. Frank Gun'lsekera, O. B. E., Capt. ;\1. S. W. Bi dee, R.A. 1.e., Dr. F. Keyt, and Dr. Milroy Paul acted as judges.
RHODESIA.
The annual competition for the" Birchenough " Shield, presented by the Chairman and Director s of the Rhodesia Railways, Ltd., for competition between ambulance civisions of the Rhodesia Railways District, S.].A. B. Overseas, was held at Bulawayo on October 24th and 25th, when five teams competed.
On the first date individual practical and viva voce tests were given, the judges being Drs. W. F. McGladdery, J. ]. F. Russell and Wakeford. The practical test dealt with a fractured left clavicl<:, whilst in the "iva voce competitors had to answer three questions of a general nature.
The team test followed on Oct. 25th, wh e n Drs. K. 1\1. Rodger and G. R. Ross were the adjudicators. The teams were supposed to be on duty at a gymnastic display and notic ed a boy, whilst jumping over the vaulting horse, full heavily. U pan examination it was found that he had susstained a simple fracture of both bones 4 inches below knee, a compound fracture of fibula about 1 inch above ankle joint, all on left side, injury to right wrist, and shock The scene was realistically staged by District Officer 'vV J. Rastall.
The work done was of an excellent standard, the result being: 1st, U mtali, marks; 2nd, Living tone, 316; 3rd, Bulawayo, 4th, Broken Hill, 297; 5th, Beira, 270. Individual prize presented by the Railway Administralion, Corp!. C. H. Coakley of Bula\,vayo.
The trophies and prizes were awarded to the winners (It a su ndown party which followed the completion of the tests.
AID.
Capt. H. Allen (Asst. Comm issioner), in the unavoidable absence of 1\1r. H. Chapman, C. B. E. (Commissioner), presented tlle awar d s ,
On beha lf of the oHicers and members of the Broken Hill Division, the Assistant Commissioner also made a presentation to Seri!t. E. Watkins, in appreciation of his services to the Broken Hill Team and Division ince 1931. Other prizes, gained in a local first aid competition, were presented to Ambulance Si ters H Baldock and H. "lantis, of the Bulawayo Nursing Division.
The competitions were witnessed by a large number of the public, and tho c present includt::d the \layor and l\layoress of Bulawayo (1\1r. D. foIlaciOlyre, I'd.P., and 1\1rs. 1\1acintyre), 1\1r. ]. H. Cook (Town Clerk) and Cook, and numerous oflicers and members ot the divisions.
On :\londay, October 26th, the annual ambulanc conference was held at the Railwar Headquarlc:r OJ1ict: , Capt. H. Allen presiding in the absence ot the Commissioner. Matters discussed embraced a \-a riet)' ot subjects relating to the movement on the Rail w-:tys.
Coming Events .
The Editor will be pleaseu LO recel\ e particulars OJ forth· coming events for inclusion (free of charge) under this heading.
DECE:\IBE R.
25.-Christmas Day, A Ierry Greeting to .\11. ]ANCARY.
l. - A Happy New Year.
9.-Southern Area, No. 1 District, S.] .. \. [{ .. \l11bulan ce Com peti tions.
1S. - HospitalJers' Club Annual General Jl eeting.
16. -Eastern Area, o. 1 District, .]..\. B. Competitions, East Ham.
16.-Southern Area, No. 1 District, .J,,\.8. :\ursing Com petitions.
16.-vVestern Area, 1 0. District, .J.A.B. :\ur:.ing Competitions, Memorial Hall, Flood- lreet, helsea.
23.-Durham, Cleveland and vVestmorland Ambulance League, "Donald Bain II Divisional Competitions.
28.-Fairlop Nursing Division, S.J.A. B. Annual Dinn er
30.-No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District, Cadet Competitic1lls. FEBRUARY.
3.-Stratford, L. E. R., Ambulance Challenge "hield Competition.
5 -Central Area, No.1 District, S.]. A. B., i\nnual Social.
6.-Durham, Cleveland and vVestmorland Ambulance League" Elizabeth Bain II Divisional Competitions_
6 and 7.-S.]. A. B. All England A. R. P. Course of J nstruction, Great Central Hotel, London.
13.-No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District, "Sleath ,ent" and 1 ursing Bowl Competitions Finals.
13.-" Coroner Graham II Ambulance Shield Competition Final, Sunderland.
19. -Ar: nual Dinner Barnet Division, Salisbury Hotel, Barnet.
20 . -Hospitallers' Club Annual Dinner, Connaughl Rooms.
20.-Durham, Cleveland and Wesmorland Ambulance League Final Competitions, Du r ham.
Police Ambulance New s.
CITY OF LO DON.
For the fourth time ill succession the "C 1I Di"ision tea m, under the leadership of crgt. Harvcrson, were declared the winn e r of the" \ldermen's II Cup, at the an nual competition held on Thur day, l\'O\ember 26th, at Snow IIill Police Four teams, one from each Division, competed ill tcst el and judged by Carl. i\. C. White Knox, ;\1. c., 1\1. B., Ch. B.
The team te t \,-as taged to rcpre ent a speedway lrac k and teams were informed that a rider and his machine had crashed through the railings, the machine into names. On examination the patient was tound to ha\e su tained burns on the face and hands, small contuio n O\'er right tempI, fractured left hand, fractured rig-hl femur with bone protruding through trouser Ie;..:, antl Im:l11orrhage.
Fifteen minutes \\ere allotted lo Lomrlctc the test and a \'e ry high, tandard of efliciency was shown by all teams.
The indi\-iclual tests had similar setting-s, but in this ca e the patient had Llstained a fracture of the elbow and a sprained ankle. 'ix minutes wa s the time limit, but "cry few competitors completed the test and the standard of work wa not so good thal in the team test.
The re ult was announced by 'hie! url. Booth afollows: 1, "C" Di"i..,i on, 3<'1 ; 2, " B II Di\'iion, 334-; 3, " A" Di\ isioll, 305; of, "J)" Di\ istoll, 289_ I ndi"idual test: 1, P. e. 99 Pri or, 4-9 roints.
ir Hugh Turnbull, Commissioner, the "Aldermen's" 'ur to the winners and the" ully" Trorhy to P.C. Prior, and congratulatt.>d nol only the winners but all on the ,\'ork done. First aid, said ir Hugh, "as a 1110:-.t important thing and it \Va up to e\'e ry member to make him -e lf proficient.
Cart. \\ 'hitc Kn ox, in reply to a ,ote l)f thanks rroposed by Sir Hugh, ':>aid that the team test had been excellent I)' done, but in the indi\'i dual te ts the mark were rather lo\\'. This was due to Lertain lhing - uch a time wasted, onl), applying two bandages for the fractured elbow, the making of the angular splint, and the treatmenl of the ankle out of doors and again on reaching shelter. It was, ho\\'e\'er, a pleasure to ha\ e had the opportunity of the judging of the competition.
Sir Hugh Turnbull announced that Sheriff Polli tze r had offered two additional prizes this rear and these would go to the winner of the individual test and the runner-ur. It ,,'as found that three competitors had tied for the second rlace and Capt. \\,hite Kno:\: offered to gi\ e a further test to the e men at a later dalc.
\mong those prescnt were CnpL Davison (ASSl Commissioder), Dr. Gibbons (City Police Surgeon), Dr. Duncan, 1\lr. D. G. :\Ionleilh (Competition Secretary, S.].A.A.), Goodley (Colllmissioner, No. 1 District, S.]. A. B.), 1\laJor (CI:i('£ Stafr Officer), and COlllmander Emery (of the Clly SpeCIal Constabulary), 1\lr. F. H. Sully, donor of the individual trophy, and others.The stewards included Inspect o r Mumford whil ergt. T. Rose was lhe competition secretary.
On Friday, November 20th, P.e. l;eorge Lear, of " B II Division, was invested with the insignia of erving Brother of the Order of St. ] ohn. .1-). e. his first aid \\'ork by taking his 111 1907 JoininR the 0.13 (Kings Cross G.N R.) S.j..\,B., in 1908. HE: did duty at King George V recei\'ed the Brigade medal. On joining the In 1913 he left the Brigade but his interest in first a id dId not cease He has been a competitor i n all
A 10. 149
competitions run by City Police and successfully lead his team in the initial "Aldermen's II Cup competition. P. C. Lear has been an instructor at the City Specials' classes, in addition to the regular force, for many years.
P.e. Lear served with H.Y!. Forces from 1519 to 1919, in Egypt and Palestine and was present at the capture cf Jeru alel1l.
Once again" Y II Di,-ision were successful in winning the final of the" Parsons II Shield competition, which was held at Peel House, on 25th.
The judges were Capt. H. A. Fenton, L. Jl.S S.A. (team), and Capt. R. V. Steele, 1\1. B. (individual).
In tbe team test competitors bad to deal with a man who had heen hit on the right arm with a life preserver and had also received a llea\ Y blow on the front of the jaw. The patient was supposed to have been unconscious, with fractured base of skull and fractured right humerus.
The individual tests dealt \vith resuscitating a man who had been taken from a canal with wound on ankle; arterial h ccmorr hage from right palm and fractured right leg; and describing ,'arico e veins, their causes and al 0 treatment.
At the sub equent presentation of prizes George .\.bbiss announced the results a follows:-
1, "Y" Division, 277 6, " S II Division, 24-6-&
2, "G" 266t 7, " F 'J
3, "V" 258§ 8, "TA " 239
4, "P" 258 9, «X" 235i-
5, "\V II 251b 10, "T" 225t
Hi g he st individual aggregate, " G " Di,-ision.
Sir Philip Game, Commissioner, presented the " II Shield to the winning team and the Placque to " G 1I Divi ion. ir Philip said he was grateful to Jlr. A.bbi s for bringing him along. He congratulated "Y" Divis