First Aid Journal July 1932-June 1934 by Museum of the Order of St John

~ht ~noepcnbent <)ournaI

for the XmbulanC'c nub $ur$\~ ~tr\li('t~

No. 457. Vol. XXXIX.

JULY, 1932.

Price 3d.

INDEX. N National Safety First Association, 188 New Ambulance Carrier, A, 97 New Antiseptic and Healing Ointment, 255 NO.4 (Lancashire) District S.J.A.B. Annual Conference, 88 Note on Dental Decay, A, 156 Notes on Competitions, 224, 254

o OllITUARY:Mr. Arthur Thomas Dale, F.J.1., 251 Dr. William Black Jones, M.D., B.S., M.R.C. S., L.R.c.P., T·P, 197 Mr. Charles Alan Palmer, 251 On Food and Drink, 3 Order of St. John, IS Our Nurses' Pages, 17, 46, 73, 102, 126, 157, 187, 213, 242, 268, 29 6 , 3 2 5

INDEX.

p A Air Pageants or British Hospitals, 194 Ambulance Man at Sports l\Ieetlngs, The, [95 Ambulance Man in the Public Eye, The, 15, 26

Our Birthday, I Sche me for Air Ambulance Detachments, 165 The Independent Patient, ) 37 Thi~ So-Called" Con trover y," 109 Unemployed and First Aid, 53

AMBULANCE NEWS CUTTINGS FROM THE PRESS-

Accidental Poisoning, 72 Accidental Suffocation, 72 Boy's Fatal Fall, 45 Choked by Sponge, 262 Death by Electrocution, 96 Death by Poker Wound, 72 Death from Yew leaves, 96 Drowned in Bath, [S6 Dying r.Ian's 200 Mile Journey, 45 Kicked to Safety, 156 One Hundred Days of Artificial Re;;piration, 45 Remarkable Rescue from Drowning, 96 Revived by Ollygen, 262 Saved by Resourcefulness, 262 Walked a Mile with Fractured Skull, [56 Ambulance Sunday at SouthamptoD, 99 American Red Cross First Aid Textbook, 307

B Black Samaritans, The, 2[0 Bony System, The, I I I Books and Infection, 62

F Fake Smash, The, 239 • First Aid and the Law, 39, 6-+, 131 Competitions, 173 Outdoors, 42

G Gas Poisoning, 18[

H Hodgetts, Colonel C. A., C.M.G., M.D., D.P.l!., 91 Home Services Ambulance Committee, 65, 159, 270 Hospitallers' Club, The, 83, 113, 19+, 225, 250, 288

I Insects' Bites, 38

J Jumbled Bones. 186

K Keeping Them Interested, 259 King's Fund .\liniature IIospltal, The, 178

L C

Carbon-Dioxide Gas-A Means of Artificial Respiration, 2g, 56 Carters' Patent Elevating Gear, 123 COLLIERY NEWS:-

Cannock Chase, 27 Littleton Colliery First Aid Society, 155 Monmouthshire Collieries, 27 N otts and Derbyshire Collieries' Ambulance League, 328 Pe1aw Main Coliieries, Ltd., Ambulance League, The, 285, 327 Pope and Pearsons' West Riding and Silkstone Collieries, 155 Common Mistakes in First Aid, 176, 240, 250 Competitions from a Competitors' Point of Vi ew, 293 Creation of the Science of First Aid, The, 2 Curative Couplets, 156

D Detailed :'larking Sheet No. 37, 41 38 , 67 39, 113 " " " 40, 20 7 Durham, Cleveland and Westmoreland Districts' Ambulance League, I3 J , 244

E EDITORIAL ; -

Ambulance Boundaries, 276 Annual Re·Examination, 193 Annual Report of the S.J.A.B., 25 Competitions, 221 Do it Now! 81 First Aid on the Roads, 249 " Publicity, I " to Minor Injuries, 305

Lectures in Elementary Anatomy, 40, 61, 98, 124, 139, 169, 197 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR ' -

Ambulance Man on Public Duty, The, 19, 44, 7 I An Apology, 100 An Appreciation, 130 Application of the Tincture of Iodine, The, 295 Cadet Officers, 212, 274, 295 Charge of Street Accidents, 182, 274, 295 Competition Marking Sheets, 212 Competitions, 239 Criticism, 7I " Criticism" and" The Man on Public Duty," roo Earliest Method of Resusciation, 19 Early Textbooks, 182 First Aid Competitions, 212 II II Controversy, 130 Four Letters Point One Moral, 44 lIistory of Association and Brigade, 170 lIome Nursing Course for Men, 101 In Agreement, 129 Inter-Railway Competition, 182 London Hospital, 20 Medical Practitioners and First Aid, 20, 44 On Parade, 20, 44, 70 Quack Doctoring, 129 Records Wanted, 212 Role of the Brigade Surgeon, The, 19 S.J.A.B. Uniform, 2II Unemployed and First Aid, 101 Let us Look at Poisons, 54, 82 Lincoln and District Ambulance Society, 92

M Manual of Drill and Camping, S.J.A.B., 281

Poison Gas, 280 POLICE AMBULA 'CE NEWS:-

"B" Di vision Special Constaoulary (Norlh Area), Birmingham, 238 City of London, [52, 179 City of London Police Reserve, 14, 36, 85, 123, 152, 179, 210 267, 2 7, 3 2 3 City of Plymouth, 267 illetropolilan Police, 15 2, 323 Metropolitan Special Constabulary Reserve, 14 Nati onal Police Ambulance Competiti ,m, 179, 209, 236, 286 Po ilion in Regard to Schafer's Artificial Respiration, The, 69 PRACTICAL POINTS ; -

Death as a H.esult of Pea in Ear, 18 Delayed and Fatal Effects oi Shock, 70 I~illed bi' his Cap, 70 Rescued [rom Blazing COllage , IS S.lved from Gas Poisoning, 18 Twice I{un Over by Car, 70 Preparation of Competition Tests, The, 223, 261, 299, 322 Principles of J' irst Aid, 45 Priory for Wales, S, 34, 63, 90, IJS, r..;.6, 175,208,232, 260, 314 Public Health Congress and EKhibition, 148

Q (luecnsland (Australia) Ambulance Transport Brigade, 56 QUERIES ,\ND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS

Abdominal \Vound and Fractur~d Femur, 216 Aclion of Iodine, 274 Action of Lung, 23 Alcohol with Yenemous Snake Bite, 303, 328 Anatomy or Physiology, 3?0 Another Public DULY Problem, 49 Answers in Brief, 163 Artificial H.espiration as Musical Drill, 22 for Elec tric Shock, 272 in Competitions, 23 with Broken Ribs, 246 " " w i t h Patient in Bed, 246 Asphyxia and l<~racture of Thigh , 104 " from Ammonia Fumes, 49 Authorised Contents of Pouch, 48, 132, 162 BandaGe for Feet with Fractured Thigh, 190 Bandaging Limbs [or Collapse, 274 Burns by Corrosive Alkalies, 49 Calcium Carbide in Eye, 77, 300 Carron Oil for Burns, J90 Catech ism of lIome Nursing, 19°, 216 Causes of EpilepSy and Coma, 302 " Palpitati on, 191 Charge of Slreet Accidents, 160 Classification of Petrol Poisoning, 22 " Strychnine, 163 Cold Water for Burns, 105 Compression of AKillary Artery, 272 " Iliac Artery, 134 Concealed Bleeding with Fractured Arm, 302 Concussion of Brain, 23 Contents of Haversack, 48 Dangers of Gas, 216 Smelling Salls, 190

III

Dead Faint, 76 Death from Torn Femoral Artery, 218 Definition of Contused Wound, 300 Detailed Marking Sheet, No 37, 302 " " II .. 40 , 246 Devonshire Colic, 19 1 Diagnosis of Fractured Spine, 302 Examination Howler, 22, 48, 76, 104, 132, 160, 19o, :n6, 24 6 , . 27 2 , 300 , 328 Feeble Breathing with Fractures of Femur and RIbs, 247 First Aid Outfit, 105 Fractured Clavicle and Ribs, 23 " "Dislocated El~ow, 218 Ilumerus and Palmar Bleedmg, 190 Frac~~res of Clavicle and Radius, 24 6 Humerus and Forearm, 247 Leg and Patella, 104 Ribs and Thigh, 328 " Skull and Femur, 302 Friction of Limbs for Shock, 247 Humours of First Aid, 77, 216, 300, 302 Industrial First Aid, 77 Injury to Femoral Artery, 274 Largest Organ in the Body, 22, I04 Legal Queries, 49,77, 105, 134, 16 4, 1yl, 218, 247, 30 3, 33 0 Meddlesome First Aid, 48 Methods of Artificial Respiration, 274,3 00 Military Hospital Reserve, 247 Misuse of Tourniquet, 328 Oil of Vitriol in Eye, 2[8 Plaint of Competitor, 22 " First Aider, 105 Poisoning by Alcohol, 247 Preparation of Competition Tests, 27 2 Promotion in Brigade, 163 Public Duty Problem, 48 Qualification as Brigade Signaller, 49 Quantity of Blood in Body, 300 QuestlOn of Diagnosis, The, lOS Replies in Brief, 177, 303 Shock for Abdominal Injury, 274 Shoulder Bones, 328 Signs and Symptoms of Fractured Scapula, 134 Simple Fracture of Both Legs, 76, 160 .. .. Clavicle and Humerus, 77 Sling for Severed Arteries and Cr usbed Hand, 134 Some Possible Fomites, 132 Special Treatment of Po~soning, 13 2.. Specimen Tests for NurslOg CompetltlOns, I04 St. John Ambulance Association, 4 8 Stretcher Exercise No. I, 23, 76 Thanks to the Doctor, 132 Transport of Fractured Pelvis, 33 0 Transposition of Internal Organs, J0 4 Treatment for Poisoning by Fish, 77 of Asphyxia with Bleeding, 302 I I Bites of Rabid Animals, 19 0 I I Carbide Bums, 163 I l Cement in Eye, 13 2 ') Choking, 162 " Compound Fracture of Femur, 216 .. Concussion, 22 " Convulsant Poisoning, 23 " Corrosive Poisoning, 49 " Creosote Poisoning, 48 " Dress on Fire, [32 " Fractured Forearm, 163 " Fractured H umeru , 160 " Fractured Leg without Splints, 162 " Fractured Patella, 134 " Fractured Ribs and l'emur, 132 " Fractured Scapula, 76 .. Fractured Spine, 76 " Fractured "Wrist, 160 " Frost-Bite, 328 " Insensibility, 77, 160, [62 " Lysol Poisoning, IUS " Opium Poisoning, 22 " Oxalic Acid Poisoning, 246 " Poisoned Wounds, 162 " Producer Gas Poisoning, 134 " Prussic Acid Poisoning, J62 " Simple Fracture of Tibia, I04

FIRST AID

INDEX.

Rolls-Royce S:1.loon Ambulance, _\., 233 Royal Life S:lving Society, 75, 92, 128, 145, 180, 204, 2,P, 266, 29 2 ,

Treatment of Snow Blindness, 330 ,. Yenemous Snake-Bite, 330 " Wound with Arterial Blet:ding, 10-1" " \Vounds ot Abdominal Wall, 2-1-7 Unuual Use of a Triangular Bandage, 105 Use of ~al Yolatile, 272 " Tourniquet, 246 Uses of Roller Bandages, 300 Wasp-Sting Poison, 330 'Wound of Elbow and Fractured Arm, 302

32 4

" R. A. Jones" Cu p Com petiLion, 131

Serious I'actors in Highway First Aid, 184 Short IlisLory of the koyal Life Saving SociCL), 32 S.J.A.B. uverseas, 36, 65, 125,288, 313 Soap as a Disinfectant, 108 Some Points Lo be r:onsidered in Performing ArtifIcial RespiJation, 18 3 Some Sequels to Accidents, 226, 252, 27~, 306 Sl. ~\.ndrew 's Ambulance Association, 4, 43, 117 St. John Ambulance Asssoc;ation, 26, 82, 166, 194, 222, 278

RAILWAY AMBULAN CE NEWS -

ST. JOIIr-; A~lllt;LA:\CE BR[(;ADE DI~TRICI REPORTS:

Canadian N ational Railways, 292 Gre~t \Vestern, 12, 37, 66, 93, 120, 149, 177, 206, 235, 263, 289,

319

Inter-RaIlway Ambulance Competition, 10, 149, 234, 263, 289, 3 16 L.~1. &: S., 14,37, 122, ISO, 178,205,235,264,289,320 L. & N.E., 13, 38, 66,94, 120, I-J.9, 177,206,234,264,29°, 321 Scottish Railways, 292 Southern, 14, 38, 29 1 Red Cross News, 50, 78, 106, 298 Red Cross Symbol, 106 REVIEWS : -

" Centenary of the Order of St. John," 72 "Clynical Aspect of Ch ronic Poisoning by Aluminium and ils Alloys, The," 293 " Home Nursing," 72 " Hygiene for Nurses," 270 " l'\ew Dictionary for Nurses, A," 270 "Phillips' Chart of the Circulation of the Blood, " 270 " Vitamin Charts," 270 "Questions and Answe rs in Home N ursirrg," 218 " ., on Brigade Regulations," 293 Revised Home Nur sing Textbook, 41 Roads Accidents First Aid Association, 97

NO.1 (Prince of Wales's), 5,29, 57, 86, 1 q, 1.p, 170, 191), 22 , 256, 282, 3)9 No.2, 6, 29, 58, 199, 232 " 3, 6, 29- 58, 86, ll5, J.p, 171, 228, 256, 2D' 4 (Lancashire), 6, 2~, 59, 143, 171, 200, 228, 25 6 ,28].30 9 5,7,31,59,87, 116, 143, 172,201,229,284,310 " 6, 31, 2C2 " 7, 17 2 " 8 (Duke uf Connaughl'~), 31,60, 7, 116, 143,202,258, 28 4, 310 NO.9, 7,117,172,203,231,258,2 '4 , )10 " 10,3 1 , 144,173, ;,(0], 2)1, 259,285 St. John Ambulance Hrigatlt: l'wals, 3 [1 Suffolk and Coastal Towns Competitions, 33 Superstition and Treatment of the Injured, 6 ,8]

'£ Treatment of Hu.rn in Qut patients with l!tinf<J lced '!',lnnic Acid Dressings, 153, IlJu Towards Perfecti()n, 110, I] ' UbiquilY of Arsenic, 1 he, 29-1

u v

Voluntary Aid 'oLle,it: s, 261

The Independent Journal the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

for

No. 457.-VoL. XXXIX. NOTICE

JU LY, 1932.

READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. Annual Subscription is 3S. 6d. post free: single copies 3d.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRS T AID ~hould be forwarced to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 4 6, CANNO:-l STRE:RT, LONDON, E.C.4. 7 elegraphic Address - "Twentvjo1(r, London." 7 ele/>hon~-Central £,12I •

THIS

NUMBER.

EOITORIAL-

Fir."l .\iu Publicit \. Our Birl 11Ua\

Illustrations. Eltlnm-tbe Old :\Ianor House, 170 Essex/59 Y.A. D. British Red Cross Society, East Ham DeLachment, 43 llodge lts, Colonel C. A., C.M. G., M.D., D .P.II., 91 Il.R.ll. The Princess Royal, Commandant-in-Chief, presenting the Stanley Shield, 298 Obituary :-;\1r. Arthur Thomas Dale, F.J.I., 251 Outram Press Section of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association, 4 Pope & Pearsons' Ambulance Team, ISS Rolls-Royce Sahon Ambllance, The, 233 Trojan ~rotor Companies' new Ambulance Carrier, The, 97 PRIORY FOR WALES ; Argeod Ambulance Division outside their new Headquarters, 35 Cardiff Cadet ~ection, 175 Deep DufTryn Colliery Ambulance Class, Mountain Ash, L+7 Mr. O. Temple Morris, M.P., presenting the "Llandinam" Shield, )15 Opening of the Treharris Ambulance Hall, 119 I\'AILWAY AlIIBULANCE ; -

British Columbia Electric Railway Co., L tdo's Team, 82 Great \Vestern ; Fochriw Station Ambulance Team, 320 Pontypool Road Ambulance Team, Winners (If the I nterRailway Ambulance Shield, 317 L.M.S. ; Crewe Machine Shop Team, Winners of the L. \i.&S.H.. English and Scottish Competition, 13 Presentation of the Championship Shield to the Mayfield (Manchester) Team, 290 L.N.E. : Aberdeeu Team, Winners of the L.N. E.1\.. English and Scottish Ambulance competition, 12 Judging tbe N.E. Area Final Competitions, 265 Southern; Horsham N o. ! team, receiving the Directors' Challenge Shield, 291 ST. JOHN A:lIBULANCE BRI GADE:;-

N o. r. (l'rince of Wales's District; N o. 13 (Kings' Cross G.N.R .) Division, 171

Presentation at a Dancc of the No. 51 ('-, JlItiull) !)i\"i ~ll)n, 22<) Winning Teall1, Cricklc\\ood Divislun "1'IJ~a" Cup l ()J1IJ1clition, 199 No. II. Dislrict: First lIolders of thc " Grand Priors' Cauct Badgc, " 200 N o. III. District; District" Dewar" (Jilalifying Cumpetilions In l'rogle '~ , :S) Presentation by the Ktllenng (L.~l.S.) AmlJulance lJlv,o.,lon. 55 ::altlcy (L.M.S.) Division, 205 No. IV. District; Hindley Girl Cadet Di\ision, The, 73 .. Members of the Preslon Corps Ambulan ,c Cumpetlt.IOl1 (19p)! 1 I ~ Yeadon Ambiliance and "\ Ut Ing I hVISlUllS "holders'~f the Long Service ~ledal, 7 , New Road Patrol Station or the Central Ambulance DIVISIOns (Oldham Corps), 61 . .. , Officers of the o. 4 (Lancashue) DistrIct Annual Confclence, ~9 l'resentation by the Preston Corps, 257 No. V. District; Armley and Wortley Divisj ',n, S.J_A.B., T44 Burley and Kirkstall 'ursing Di\'isions , Leed~ Corps, 12 7 . , , Millh'ouses (Sheffield j L. M. :x S . R. Loco l\llIlmla[lce Dlv,slon Competition team, 117 ... Millhouses (Shel1ield) L.r-r. & S lZ. Loco DIVISIOn, lSI New Roadside IIul of thc Goolc Division, 3 1 No. VI. District: IIunting, Supt. II. J., Janow Division, S.J.A.B., 59 Ie Grove, Sup\. W. G , 202 No. VIII. DJS[rict; lIaslemere Divisions' Roadside lIut, 8S No. IX. District; Officials and Competitors at the Devon" Perroll " Shield Competitions, 241 Plymouth's" Austin" Ambulance Saloon, 279 N o. X. District; Beccles Division, S J.A. B ,33 Members of the lIarlow Division on Parade, 20 3

The Creation of the cience of Fir ;t .\id On food and Drink

2 3

l. .\ndrc\\"s .-\mhulancc .\ssociaLion

S.J .. \. Brigade District Reports Priory for \Vales Railway.\mbulancc Police Ambulance

fe\\ S

Tew

l)rder of 't. J01111

The .\mhulance .\ I an in the Public E} e Our Nurses' Pages Practical Point -, .. Letter to the Editor

-+ 5

8 10 14 15 j 5 17 18 19

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONOENTS-

Arlillcial Respiratiun a Examination Howler

l\1usical Drill

Largest Org-an in the Body Cia sification of P etro] Poi soning Treatment of Concu 'sion Trealment of Opium POisoning Plaint of COl11petitor ... Action of Lungs Concu sio n of Brain ... Fractured Clm'ide and Ribs Treatment of Convulsant Poisoning Artificial Re piration in Competition Stretcher Exercise o. 1

THREEPENC E

EDITORIAL.

All Reports, &c., should be add ressed to the Editor at Ihe address below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessaril" jor /'ub!ication) by the name and add ress of the Correspondent.

P~ICE

[3/6 PER ANNUM. POST ('Rit E

T he

CO~TENTS

Entered at ] [ Stationers' Hall

22 22 22 22 22

THIS is the age when pu bl icity is a necessity. ' Vhether a com mercial or voluntary concern sustained publicity is essential. I t is therefore somewhat surprisi ng to find that volulltary ambulance workers make little use of the weapon, within their grasp-namely, the Press, which would make their work more known and the members more respected among the general public. FIRST AID PUBLICITY.

\ Vhen inspections, competItIons or any other such functions are to be held, the officer-in -charge should make sure that an invitation is sent to the local press. Not only should this be done but also some authoritative person should be' told off to give the pressmen particulars of their work in general and the event in question . I t is no use hiding a light under a bushel. First aiders are taken for granted at every public function, but the sooner the public are educated to the fact that the work done is done ~'ollllltarzlJ', and not for payment, the sooner will the public realise what a debt of gratitude they owe to first aiders . That the work is becoming wider known there is no doubt, but the majority of the general publ ic are still in ignorance of the aims and objects of ambulance work. It is only by constant publicity and propaganda that ambulance work will become generally known and universally appre iated.

22 23 23 23 23 23 23

VIITH this issue we commence O UR BIRTHDAY. the thirty-ninth year of publication, and we wish to extend to our many friends at home and abroad our sincerest thanks for their continued support.

FIRST

The Creation of the Science of First Aid . By

CORBET

FLECHER,

l\I.A.., ;'11. B. , B. Chir., (Cantab)

l.R.C.S., etc.

(Concluded (rom page )07)·

No\v we come to the time when first aid and am bulance work aroused enthusiasm in various European countries.. .After the .Geneva ~onven tion National Societies for Aid of Sick and \Vo~nded were instituted; but it was not until the outbreak of the Franco-German VVar in 1870 that the British National Aid Society came into being. As a result of this public intE'rest, the British National Society was urged to introduce the trainina of civilians in first aid and alli~d subjects; but this public demand the Society definitely declined. The Order of St. John, however, accepted this responsibility, and in 1877 inaugurated t?e St. John Ambulance Association, :vhich from .ltS own origin set out to instruct exam1J1e. a~d certlfy lay persons in the first tr~atment of l11Jured persons. During the first SIX months over 1,000 students enrolled, and with each succeeding year the numbers have increased. II.-SCIENTIFIC

PERIOD OF FIRST AID.

The St. John Ambulance Association laid the foundation of First Aid as a Science when Surgeonl\Iajor Peter Shepherd, who was .its ~rst lecturer, compiled, with the help of certal11 kl11d ~nd able coadjutors (as he stated in his IntroductIOn), the first Textbook of first aid, and published this in 1878 under the title of "Azds f01' Cases of Acc£dents and Sudden Illness." In 1879 the Association took a further step and published the first Official Syllabus of I nstructions. These required a series of five lectures by qualified practitioners. with pra~tical work of at least one hour's duratIOn. Certificates were presented to those students passing an examination which was conducted by some other doctor approved as competent by the Association. The ~ssocia tion further introduced into England the tnangular bandage which had been devised by Dr. Mayor, of Lausanne, about 1831, and popularised by Dr. Esmarch, of Kiel, for use with the German Army. A litter and stretcher were also purchased from abroad; but these were quickly replaced by models which officers of the Association produced as being suitable for civilian purposes. Thus First Aid was further gradually being converted into a separate Science. It was at this time also that the Association gave the subject the title <;,f "First Aid," and further instituted the medallion as the award for success in the third and final examination, and as the outward proof of efficiency to render first aid.

A I D.

July, 1932.

The term was a blending of "First Treatmelll" and of "A t'd to st'ck and 7rJou/lded." The first annual report of the Association published under this title was produced in 1880, and the fir t Textbook issued under the title of "Fh'st Aid to Sld( and Injured" was the one which, revised hy Dr. Bruce' and his Committee, the Association issued in 1885. First Aid has always been considered as a branch of practical !Jledicz'lle and Surgery,' and t1? is description still fiaures in the Textbook. In pOI.nt of fact the Association within thr e years after Its found~tion almost transformed first aid into "a speC£al scieJZce based Oil prac/t'cal l7ledt'cille a7Zd surge,)'," and almo ' t solved the th.ree great problems of first aiel. In 1H )0, first aid could not be regarded as a Science, becau e, although treatment was in progre!: of being standardis d and aftercare was at this date freel\, available in hospitals and similar institutions, tl{e problem of transport had not yet been settled, nor \\ a~ the s opc of treatment defined. The first o[ the~e two problems \\ a soh'cd hy John Furley- " T/ze Fa/iJ{'r of Pt'rs! A z'd" who, in 1893 invented and built the first modern ambulance \\:agon. This continued to be widel), used until 1913, when the motor ambulancc began to come into g-eneral service, and in process .of tim solved the probl m of transport o[ the Sick amI injured in war and in peace. . _ The second problem was al')o In pro e S ot solution. In the 1901 Edition of the As ' ociation' ~ Te,tbook, which was re\' ised and practicall y re-w ri tt n by Cantlie, there occurs a big step to\\ cud tJ:l: creation of first aid as a science, because th rein for the first time \\' find set ut, the definition, objects and limitations of fir~t aiel together '."ith aeneral rules for the handling of the \'artOu<; o . emergencies. Further, long years afterwards, I lcarne.d [rom Dr. Mitchell Bruce that he and James antlle were "the kind and able coadjutors" to whom - hepherd refers in the first edition of the Textbook. This fact being known, we are the better able. to :eco~ nise the influence and work of Cantlie 111 hiS standardisation of first aid. It was not however, until the issue of the 11 th Edition which was published in 1908 and wa al 0 revised by Cantlie, that the Principles of First Aid and the Oualifications of First Aiders were definitely established and recorded. Thereby the last link of the chain "vas forged; and first aid was now an independent science, since, as our definition required, it consisted of "Kno'wledge arranged under buenel"al truths and prz'ncz'ples." . Fu rther, first aid is a science which must be studied by the qualified practitioner as well as by lay persons; and the former is likely to fall into innumerable errors) unless he does so study the subject.

Juty, 1932.

FIR S T

I n brief, the 1908 Edition set out a precise scheme of treatment since it laid down for the various emergencics, general rules which must be mod ified in accordance with defin i te principles by the exercise of certai n qualifications. By reason of this unique scheme of treatment the Association's Textbook is not only the first, but also the best of all the manuals of first aid which have subsequently been issued. :\Ioreover, the alterations in the Editions which have followed the 1908 Edition, have only been either by way of extension of antI ie's system or in the details of the actual handling of the various emergencies. III conclusion, James Cantlie not only systematised the problem o[ treatment and so completed the cOllver ion o( first aid into a science, but he ab) put the final touch to the work of the pioneers who foundc I the Association.

On Food and Drink. By

'\r. X. OSTER, l\1.R.C. ~ ., L.R.C.P., Divis ['unal Surgwn , SJ.. l.B. (Concluded frOIll page ,po.)

CO~IP _\RED \\'ith butcher's meat, fish as an article of food con tai n more water than beef and is consequently less satisfying. It is rich in mineral matter, mo tly in the form of phosphates, and theref.or~ ilwaluable a brain food. \Ve recognise two dl tillct type. Firstly, we have the fat fish. l'nder this hading ,ye ma)' note salmon , herrina b' mackerel, eel, prats, I ilchard and shell-fish. The second grou p com prises the white fish con~isti ng o[ sole, plaice, \\ hiti ng, cod, haddock and skate. Thi group is whiter; it has little fat and is easi Iy d igestec.l. The value of fish as food d.epend on the ea on and manner of its preparation. In its highest state of perfection, i.e. before ~pa\\'ning, it is said to be in season. For its most sati~[actory preparation it ought to be thoroughly cleansed and cooked. . No system of diet can be said to be com plete wltho.ut an addition of vegetable foods. All these contain flesh formino' foods starch suaar and . b ' , 0 mineral salts. The leguminous foods, e.g. peas, beans and lentils contain more nitroaenous matter \\·eigh.t for weight than any of the ~thers. They a.re highly valuable as food in conjunction with eIther fat or sta[-ch. Fresh peas and beans are more digesti?le than when they are dried, and if the latter val'lety be taken it is imperative for them to be carefully soaked and boiled, or they throw too much work on the digestive system. Starchy foods do contain some nitrogenous matter (called gl,uten) but ~he starchy element is very largely in excess. Chief 8.mong these articles of diet are wheat, oats, barley, rye, maize and rice. Of these oatmeal is the richest in nitrogenous matter. The

AI0. nitrogenous constituent is III the outer portion immediately beneath the skin, and we know that in the peeled potato this element is lost before it is brought to the table. Fresh vegetables, e.g. cabbage, cauliflower, marrow, lettuce and watercress owe their value as foods to the mineral salts they contain. Furthermore, they possess anti-scorbutic vitamins which help to purify the blood and prevent scurvy and other blood disorders. All vegetables contain starch. Starch must be converted into sugar before it is assimilated by the blood. This is brought about by the saliva and gastric juices which act directly on the starch to bring about this conversion. In ripe fruits this conversion has actually taken place during their growth. Fruits contain comparatively little nutritive matter but they are valuable because of their large stores of sugar and acid juices. The latter act as aperients and anti-scorbutics. 1£ fluits are eaten in an unri pe state the juices are very powerful and have a tendency to cause diarrhc:ea and other intestinal derangements. Fruits preserved in tins may result in the fruity acids acting upon the solder with the formation of a highly poisonous substance, namely, salts of lead. To enable the organs of digestion to perform their work without interruption, our meals should be taken at regular intervals. X-ray investigations of the alimentary tract have tauaht us that the stomach takes about four hou rs to digest and to expel an ordinary full meal. \Ve ought to allow an interval of about one hour to permit the stomach to rest its functions. Thus we see the advisability of not eating between meals, for if \ve do the fresh quantities of food enter the stomach to mix with the partially digested food already there, and so do great injury to its digestive powers. Roughly speakin~; meals should be taken at five hourly intervals, and in the ordinary way a healthy ad ult should be kept goi ng on three meals a day, each fairly nutritious, but if the same person be engaged on very hard work, such as laborious manual labour, he would probably require four such meals. Children require a modified system of feeding with their meals. They have to provide for their daily growth, and they are also unable to go very long without food. The morning meal should be light and nutritious, and at the same time fairly substantial, because after a long night's fast the appetite will always assert itself if the individual is in health. The most substantial meal of the day is dinner, which may be taken either at midday or in the evening, according to the vocation of the person concerned. I n the partaking of large quantities of food, the principle to bear in mind is that those who wish to preserve their health should not continue to eat for the sake of eating after they are satisfied.

FIRST

To ensure that the process of digestion is successfully carried out, it is necessary that. the food should be broken up. Nature ha provlde.d teeth for this purpose, and in the fulfilment of thiS task it is well to eat slowly and never to hurry through a meal. Neglect to do this will.lead to food state, P assi n b<Y into the stomach in a half-masticated , thus throwing added burden on that organ s capabilities. . It is well to avoid much drinking durtng a meal, for copious drafts of liquid dilute and ther~b)' weaken the digestive juices. 'Vc know that drtnk is more essential to life than food, and the safest liquid to imbibe is water. This ~hould be free o( any cloudy appearance and deV~I? of any oppressive smell, for if the latter conditions are p~es~nt, water is certain to be impure and unfit for dnnk:ng

All) .

July, 1932.

--------------------------------st. Andrew's Ambulance Association. The annualll1eelin~ of the Association was held on June 29lh al headquarters, the Lord Provo~t of Glasgow, Sir Thoma Kelly presiding. Olhers present included '01. D. J. ~lackintosh, apt. A. " '. Christie, Dr. R. colt Frew, amI ;\11'. l\ndrew T. Reid. The Lord Pro\'o t in moving the adoption of the annual report, said the ,-\ssociatio~l had no\\' complctl~d the 50th year of its exi lence. ]n th flrs[ annual report It was recorded thal thr e centres had bll:n formed. To-cJa} the A",>ocin(ioll had S2 centres and 78 Illotor ambulance \\'agon. The wagons indasgow during lhe first year of c,i'>tellce carried 372 patients, whilst during the pa"t )ear t!lL' numher had increased to 17,147, an a\'erag' of 46 a day. Other centres had also ho\\'n increa,>es since the initial year and alttlgether the wagons carriC'd 36,000 paticnts la'>t year. Dealing \\,ith the progrc,>,> made in lir'>t aid and Iwnw

Outralll Press Section of the SL Andrew's Ambulance ,\ssociation.

purposes. It is well to drink only when one is thirsty and not for the mere sake of drinking. Very hot drinks are injurious to the lining wall of the gullet and stomach and are best left alone . Large quantities of tea taken with a full meal act as a check on the digestion of food because of the tannin present, whilst coffee in moderation is a refreshing and exhilarating beverage. The recurring meals of the day should he counted among the pleasures of the day's routine, and cheerfulness and freedom from distracting cares should predominate at meal-time. It was a distinguished doctor who told us that" A generous meal consumed with mirth is better than a physician's prescri ption in the solitude of the chamber."

nursing- instruction, tile Lord Provo..,t ,t:lled that tile number of pupils attending the classes had risen frolll 5-10 in the first year to o\'er 10,000 fOI: the year unde.r re\ iL'\\·. From the mC'n and women ,>0 tnuned, were ohtalned the mC'lllbl:'rs of the St. .\ndrcw's l\l11bulance Corps. The growth of this organisation sho\\'s rClllari,able prog·rc"s. J t \\'(\ formed in 188-1 with 210 member', to-day it has a '>trength of over 7,000. The accounts showed that finances of the G lasKo\\' headquarters were in a satisfactory state and the same could be said in reg-ard lo other centres. Col. D. J. 1ackintosh, in seco ndin g the adoption, laid st ress on the value of the services rendered by the SI. Andrew' Ambulancc COI-pS. He also expressed plea ure thaL His l\lajesty the King had graciously sanctioned the issue of a III ccJ a l in rccognil ion of long anc! efficient sen' ice by members of the voluntary units ot the Association. The report was unanimously approved, and office bearers of the Association were e lected.

FIR S T

July, 193 2.

The

Brigade

St.

A I D.

foh n

Ambulance

Dzst~zct

No. I. (Prince of Wales's) District. The anl1ual in .pection of TO. 1 District was held on Satunla), JlIl1e 25th) Oil the Cl1ards Paradc Ground} IIyde Park, Lord AlIen1Jy beil1g the inspccting officcr. Accolllpal1)- il1g Lord Allcnhy \1 as the Sl1h-Prior) Lord ~carbc)r(Ju.~'h; Sir John Duncan, Chid Commi sioncr; Col. '. I. EIIJ..;, ~ur~'c()n-in- hid: Dr. ~ . Corhet Fletcher, As,t. ~Ul-~C()J] 111- 'hid; Lady PLrrotl, Lady Supt.-inC'hi{: f; Licul. Col. F. A. Brook', Comllli siOller Ko, 1 J )istrict; and 1llL'IllIJl'rs of the lleadquartcrs taff. First to he inspL'Cletl wcre the ;\l1rsing' Diyi'ions, j(Jllo\\'ctl Ill' the L"adl'l'>, a iter" hich the Ambl11ance Di"iSifll1S "l r~ il1sjlLctd. Thl: inspccting officer took great intercst 1Il the Iq 'oJllpany oi thc Amhulance Di"isiol1 , \\ hich \\ it..; mack l1p of Illcn wllfJ had sen'ed in Palestine durill~' the Creat \Var. TIll' 1l1arch pa'>l loll()\\·l·d. Lorcl .. \lknby taking the ,alule. I [e latn expressed hi, pleasure at thc good Jllarchin~' and thl' smart turn out. Thl' <LIll1ual ('hurch Paradl' ()f Ccntral Area. helel on JUlle }<)th, \\'(L"; oj particular interest. It \\as the last :Lp]llaranCl', as onicl'r c()mlllalldin~' the Area, of AssL C()Ill. ):. COI-Ill't Fletcher, :-L\ .. ~\l.H .. :-l.R.C.S., who heL hl'll1 ap]loil1tl'd to the hig'h office of .\s,>l. Sllr~-L(JIl-in- hid (Ji thl' l:riL.:atll'. Thl' p;lraclL, ";(Jlllc -lOU strong', .. fl'll in" in Lincoln' Inn Flllds ancl, hladl'd 1)\- the LOl1don J)i,trict Band and the :-:;llIlrl'dllch ~Ih l'r lla;HI. Ill .. rched to thc famoH aint Ckl11L11t 1 )alll', <- hurch in thl ~tral1c\. The ,\s"l" lant COIllIllI..;sinl1er \\as accompanied by hi . \rca ~taIT: hI'> CClUlIt) ~urgt:on, Capt. ::\orman Hammer, JC\.~l.l'.; hi'> ["ad.\· ])Istnct OAlcer, :-[iss A . .\1. \\·alker. (l\\lIlg to tIll' illllC"S (Ji his \\'ife, District Officer T. .:'Ilcnrick \\ a.., unabll tn he prl'Sellt, and 'n rp 'upl. ITall acted <I'> . \clJ utan\. l)i-.tnct ~urge()l1 Dr. K. Lund \\ a prlSl'l1t as lhl:.~:tll'..;t oi tIll' . \rea ami other glle't' prc'enl at. the church ll1clucled :-1 r. Fincham, Lihrarian of thc Ordl'r; :-Irs. and :-1I, ' Elli,. thl.: IlOIl, :-Irs, Rhode, :-Ii Lund, District Officcr' Pier.." Green and Pasco ,,-ith their ladies. The Culour party \\'as prm'ided by the Ho pital ~aturday Fund Di, iS10n. Thl' Eastern Area held their annual Church Parade at St. Clement's Church, Great I1ford on unday, JLUle 12th. The 11 forc! Diyisiona1 Band, in uniform for the first timc, headed the parade \\ hich \"as under the command () f District Officer C. ]. Fitch. Thc N ur 'ing Divisions, who joined thc AmbuJallcc Diyision at the church) were in the chargc of Lady District Officcr Mis Curtis, Officers present included Capt. G . \V. Kendall, Assistant COlll III is. ioner; Capt. Goodley, l1.C) Assistant Commissioner; and Pl1blic Duly Officer; Capt. F. E. Bendix, l\l.R.C .) County urgeon; the Lady District Superintcn(~cnt and District Officer Pasco. The Mayor of liford, 1\laJor Young, and othcr membcrs of the Borough Council al 0 attended the sen·ice. The Rev. Canon Ottaway} Vicar, conducted the service and clcliycrccl the scrmon) \\ hilst Ihc A i tant Commissioner rcad the second lesson.

Reports.

After the service the parade marched to Cranbrook Park, where Capt. Kendall took the salute and inspected the parade. II e expres ed his great atisfaction with the smartness of all ranks. On Saturday, July 9th} in the grounds of Alexandra Palace, members of the Xorthern Area met for field practice. The weather ,,'as excellent and there wa a good attendance. Capt. A. C \Vhite Knox) :'I1.C (Assistant Commi sioner) and his Di trict Staff \\'erc in charge of the \\'ork, \\ hich con isted of exercise in pitch ing marquees, which jew of thc membcrs haye enr attempted before; equipping and staffing the marquec as hospital tent by members of the X ursing Diyisions under :'Ilr . MacFadden; battalion drill with practice in marching pa t by companies, specially clone for inspections; collecting labelled wOlUlded from all oyer the field by means of hand seats and stretcher; practice in loading ambulances, collectino' hidden case by means of whi tie and sig'nal from officer-in-charge tationed at hospital tent; peed te t for treating wounded and tran porting to hospital tcnt, ten seconds added for eYerl' mi take. Thc A si tant Commi sioner was "cry pleased \vith the manner in \\,hich both the X ur ing and Ambulance Di\"isions did the \\'ork. much of \yhich \ya of an experimental nature. The Area hopes to han a similar field day next year on an eyen larger scale, All ranks thoroughly enjoyed themsehe and an cxcellent tea proyided \I'as "ery acccptable after all their exertions. Thanks are due to the Palace authorities for the "aluab1c help ginn . BRICKL,\YERS' AR.?IIS DIVISlox.-The annual diyi ional competition, social and dance and pre entation of a,,'ard \\ a held on J lily 9th at 11 aints' In titute, K e,,' Cro . Once again Corp Supt. A. J. Green staged the eyent to perfection. This di,-ision i one of the "ery fe\\- who han staging for their competition and the effect of ame hring-s out the best of the competitors. The team test wa adjudicated by Dr. H. A. Dunlop, and among the helpers were Amb. Officer Harrison and ergt. T. Ro e, City Police. Following the competitions there was an inten-a l for tea after which the pre entation meeting was held. 1\1r. E. A. Richard, Knight of Grace of the Order, presided, upportcd by Dr. Dunlop and :'III'S. Dunlop, Corps ~~upt. Green and other officers of the Di"i ion . Corps Supt. Grecn announced thc re lilt which was: 1, "E" team (Captain) Sergt. Ironmonger), 353; 2} .. A " team (Captain, Pte. BlIdCTen), 322; 3, " C" team (Captain, Pte. "'Nailer), 277; 4, .. D team (Captain, Pte. Leggatt), 27-H. The" B" team did not compcte. Prizes and ccrtificates were pre ent~d by :'III'S. Dunlop. 1\lr. Richards congratl1lated thc team on their excellent work and al 0 Corps upt. Green \\'ho had made the a rran o'ement . I}

TO. 16 (NEW CROSS) DIn Iox.-Thi Di\'i ion wa recently in pected by the ::\Iayor of Deptford, Councillor G . VV. Strong, J.P.) accompanied by Dr. E. McIntyre)

FIRST

ssistan t Commissionc r, a nd Dist ri ct Offi cer F. W. Clifford . T he r e w cre on parade somc 5S mcm bcrs undcr the charge of Diy. upt. \ V. H., 'W cbb. The inspcction took place 111 the mcss room o[ thc Southern Railway Loco. Dept., \ here SS years ago the 1\Iayor seryed his apprentices~ip. ., The Mayor presented yar.lOu~ awards .to ~he mem~el s, includino' a certificate for mentonous servIce Issued b) th)e Southen~ Raih\'ay to 1\Ir. \Vil1iam J. Lyon~ (of Sel~urst , and to 1\Ir. Charle E, Cheny. ,,,ho has .retlred afteI completing 3S years sel"'I'icd in the capa~lty of centre and district secretary, he presented a certlfic~te and a han?ome oTandmother clock-the gift of hIs collcag~le~ 111 rccoO'nition of his untiring efforts. Mr. Cherry fi~st J om,efl the BriO'ade in 1890 and in 1930 was awarded hIs fOUl t 1 sen'ice I:>bar. He holds the King ~?ward and th,e K~I~g Georo'e Coronation :J\Iedal in addltlOn ,to thc ~.I r, R,lId l\Iec1~, He ,,,as appointed secrctary ot the DIYISlOn as long ago as 1907. 1 Supt. \V. H. Webb accorded a yote of thanks to t 1e 1\Iayor which was seconded by Dr. 1\Iclntyre, D .\GEl\'AA,ill.-During the month of June the annua l reexamination of the mem bers of the D~g~nham ~adet Am b~d lance Di\'isions was carried out, and It IS pleas1l1g- to recOi that a ll members who were able to pl:escnt themseh':s .r~~ this re-examination were pa sed as efbCJcnt by the exam 1111111:> s urgeon, and ha\'e qu~li~ed for further a\\'ards of the St. J ohn Ambulance AssoctatlOIl. . . . Apart from the usual standing uuties, the B~ltlsh Legion fete \\'as attended, also the hospital fete at SqUirrels H eath, and the Conser\'ati\'e di\'isional fete at Romford. Many duties ha\'e no'" been arranged for as far ahead as the end of August. d' . . l d d tl A party of boys from the Cadet [\'ISlOn at en e Ie rehcarsal ot th3 R. A. F, pageant on Jun e 24th, and thorough ly enjoyed themseh·es . The Cadet camp will open o.n ~ul y ~Oth next for eight days, and it is believed that .tbe 1l1aJonty Ollh~ Cadets will be attending. The Camp \\'111 be at Stanford Ri" ers, near Ongar.

No. II. District. An inspection of the Bucks Divisions was h eld on Sunday, June 26th, at Harpsden Court. The parade was under the command of County Commissioner r.lajor Dan-il Smith assisted hy COl~nty Surgeon 1\lajor S. J. L. Holden; Capt. J. Boxall, adJ utant; Lady County Officer 1\lrs. H. K. Scott; Corps Supt J. Scott and Cadet Supt. VI. H. Dn~ce. . . '. After the inspectIon by l\laJ ?r-Gencl.al Sll J oha Duncan, Chief Commissioner, Dlv1l1e serVIce was held at \\'h ich the Very Rev. E. Roge rs, C.B.E., M .A., ,F.S.A. (Dean of Bocking and chapl<!-in of The Order) offiClatcd. . Following the service, Sir J ohn pr,e~ ented se:erallong seryice medals and bars, the reClplcnts bemg: Dr. Brownlow, Supt. Mott and Ambulance Officer D ay (Henley), Supt. Marshall (Aylesbury) and ~ergt. Fry (Slough) . In a brief address Si r John YOICcd hIS thanks, to ~olonel N' oble for placing his beautiful grounds at theIr dIsposal: and congratulated all, ranks upon the exccllencc o~ the turn-out. He emphaSIsed the Importance of the W,OI k of the Brigade, exhorting all ranks to become as effiCient as possible.

No. III. Disttict. At the annual insp ection of the Northamptonshirc A mbulance and Nursing Divisions, held on Jun e 26t~1 at Kctterin ~. \\"ickstecd Park, Sir John p, H,ewett, Ball1f[at-Eagle' of The Ordcr) refcrred to the passll1g of the latc Comm iss ioner, Mr. Harvey Reeves,

July, 1932.

A It).

Ov c r 1,200 Amhulancc men, \\ omcn ~nc1 , eadels \\ cre 'adc District Officcr J. . Parkcr bClng III command, on pal, , " , I" L' 1 COrl)~ aS'i tcd by numcrous Corps :lpCl'lntCllC. cllts, cl( Y Superintendcnts and Cadet Ofhcers.. . . . , ,, ' ~ir ] Ohl1 was accompanied 011 hIS tour ,oi 11l~~).:c tH~~1 hv Dr. L. \V. Dryland) the ncw County CommISSI01ler, a;ld taf[ Officcrs. . I, I Prior to addre sing the parade, long sen'lce l11C( ,l ::: and bars, and certificates \\ ere prescnted to a l1l1111hcr ot members. lId an excdSir John Hc\\elt sa,id t lat t 1C para ,c, \\~S, II' lenL one and \\orth) of thc c~nnty. h,cfe l fll1,., t(: :h~ dealh of 1\1r. IIa ryc) RecH's, .J[ Johl1 spoke () ( lhe lette Commissioncr 's .+3 ycars \\ ork ior the 1110\ uncllt. 131R~[lKGll.U1.-The anI1ual inspcclioll.()[ lhe nlr~nlll~ ham Corps \\'a held ,on J UIl~ 19lh at thc ~ ~l1:'L'I:SIl) ,~P(ll h Gronnd, the ill [Keung Offi~c~ bung ,:-r<tJUI,l'CllLl,<l1 II' John Duncan. Chid Commlssloncr oi lhe ~.J ,A.L: ' The in pection \\.a<, f()ll()we(~ ~)~' a, mar,ch. pet t ill '11i 'h 761 men hclOI1("lll'" to 29 DI\'ISIOI1S took y,tft. " cSir John \\ a. accompal1lc( ~ ~ I 011 1 " ) cll,0,11 . bv' , the 115 II1S1 e Dc uly l\Iayor ( le1. \Y. \ V. aunclcrs), th,~ Chlci COllstable ( ir Charles Ra.fle,r), \\ hl,lst the ofhecrs pr~s~n.l included County COml111 SIOI1([, Capt. J, J I C,I~tUll \\llll~ , County Suro'con E. \V. Parse), Coul1ty qHlccrs l.,. , '1'1 anc11:>"\laJ'ol' 1~ • "T T ,Ford, Lad,'- lounty ~ \ I ncr < 1\ . . I ' OflIccr C' ~Irs E, B. Porter, Corps 'urgc:un 1..,:\' . " .1I;e, ,.(1I [l Supt. Licut. \\'. E. Ball,:rd. Corp OjhclJ'~ l1. E, Kill:.!' north. E. Elliott and J, l~ . :-r~lth~\\s. . ,'. The in pecling officl r p~llll lllg-h. tnhull.' t.o tl~L. D1l1l1ingham Corps. l\ILll1hcr.~ ot t,he ]1 l'lg:lde.. ,lid. l.t I"~ 01.111. ,,"ere doing \\ork of natl()Jla~ Jldllp()rlal1~C and dUlln~ l<l~L year oyer .+00,000 cases rlC(JYC allcntJOn.

RU GBY.-On 'alllntty, June 11l.h, the annual cOlllpetition for the Rughy Amhulancc up was held ll~e . 'tal of 't ' Cros.;,. ThIS eup \\as prc~cl1tcd 111 1<),)() 110S1>1 < • • 1 l) bv the Rughy :0Tedical S.ocie,ly for .COIl.1PCtltIOll, opel ( t~a111s from any or,r"alliS,~tlOn Jl~ the dlstrICt~ " ") Thc tcams compellllg' th IS year \\ u: " S}. \.1, ., . L ,/I' &" S Railwa) 3 teams; 1.. & " .1 ... h,adway, 1 teams, , 1 \1. • C " , " D ' '. l' 1 t .' < • • Ru o'b)' Police 2 tcam " n. r.ll. hrc r I~d( e, L,lIn. , " T 1 \ 1 I' , "1'" d.::anl. '\. ~ The winnin 'J' team \\as the t. _0111 ," III ,HI ,lI1LC J, team consisting~ of Ptc . !<:. Tasker, ( ap~al~l). l,)~l~, C. Scr<rl. \\ dhal1l alld (add (01 pI. U,li k. J ac k s0 11,Cadet ,,> Thc , leam is to hc congratu IatL< 1 on a I'" IIle [l( rf,()r, I.' I)CCallSC two are slill cadeh and olle has ollly JusL nl,lnc, becn transferred to the :::ill1Hll' 1\,ISI~))l, " , The Rugby Cadet Di,\ i~i()11 arc Justl) p\'IJlId ul lhclt memhers in this compctltJOll.. ' Dr. Pirie of IIarbury, K r. Lca111:Il~l()1l \\.a,s the J llll;..;~. Dr. C. R. IIoskyn org'Cll11scd the compclltlOll and lJl. J, N . Wheeler presented the cup .

July, 1932.

FIRST

A I D.

sacrificing efforts done by the men, women and cadets of the Brigade in that town.

thorpe) and the Rcv. H. F. Painter (vicar of Hickleton and Chaplain to Lord Halifax).

LrvERPooL.- Major-General H, W. Higg inson, commanding officer of the 55th West Lancashire Divisi on , witnessed a march past a nd took the salute of the Live rpool Corps at their annual church parade, A large congregation attend ed the service, which was conducted by the Rev. A. Powell Miller, vicar of Great Crosby, and IIon. Chaplain to the Corps. General Higginson read the lcs son. Thc Rev. J. T. Davies, vicar of Sprinf-,1'vv'ood gave the address. Following the scrvice, th e Brigade, under Colonel D. C. Leyland Orton, and led by the City Police Band, marchcd past thc alutin g base at th e foot of the church steps and a long Berry Street to the n ew headqua rters in Dukc Strcet. The women's detachments were under Dr. l\Iargaret J oyce, and oth e rs present included 11r. W. G. Smith, County Commissioner; Colonel G. E. C. Simpson, di trict officer: Drs. l\lurr'ay Cairns and ~evins; Alder-

No. IX. District. PLYMouTH.-B efo r e a large gathering of officers and members of the Brigade, religious and friendly Societies at Plymouth on Sunday, ] une 12th, County Commissioner Hedley Miller (Devon) presented the Vellum Vote of Thanks of the Grand Prior and Chapter-General of the Order of St. ] ohn of ] erusalem to the Plymouth units of the Brigade, This honour was bestowed in recognition of the services rendered at the D artmoor Prison Mutiny in January last when members and ambulances went into action with the Plymouth Police and Fire Brigade, and thus gained the commendation of the Chief Commissioner of the Prison Service, the Police and others. The men selected actually to receiYe the Vellum were those who under Staff Sergt. R. Skinner served in the Prison Hospital whence the wo unded warders and conyjcts were taken. Referring to the Award) the Chairman,

.at

])'

Th e Rugby and Stratfor~-oll-A\'on Cadct Di\'i~i()J1s will hold their annual camp thiS ycar at IIuJ1slantol1) from July 30th until Augu st 6th. , Thcy will be pleascd t~ wcIcol11.e a~lY Bngadc I11c1111JCr~ to the camp who may be 111 the dlstnct.

No. IV. District , OLDHAlI1.-Th e Oldham Corps deserve great credit for the y e ry satisfactory r esult of thc flag .day held ()n Saturday, J nne 18th, when ove r £250 " ,.as raIsed. In lhe aO'es of the Oldham E'vcnmg Chromcle on June lS~h Ptl I:> s set out a short history of ambulance work~lIl lcre waand the aims and ohJccls . { t.1le mcm l)Cl ' s . I<or 0 0111 d "rI~ I eed your ( 1am their slogan the Corps adopte o-~,ay we n. o. help. To-morrow you may nced ours, an~ to Jud~e by thc rcsults the public in Oldham do r ealIse the sclf-

Iel11ber of the Yea don Ambulance and Nurs in g Di\' isons holders of the Long S ervi ce l\ledal. L eft to ri g ht: Irs . 1. Toa I,d ey, Sergt. C. Earle, l\lrs. E. Houlden, Amb. Officer B, D a wson, Di,·. Supt. R. W a lke r, Miss Forkin, Sergt. "V. Skipsey and Mrs. A. Shaw. S ea ted (left) Lady_..\mb. Officer l\1rs. Hardwi ck; (right) Lady Div. upt. :\liss E. Dob on. and M1'. ]. D. Moffatt, repres en ting th e British Red Cross Society.

No. V. District. The annual drumhead service of the Dearne Valley Corps, was held in the g rounds of Hickleton Hall, on SW1day, ] une 26th, by kind pcrmission of Viscount Halifax, H on. President of the Corps. The parade, under the charge of Corps Officer E. Soar, acting adjutant of the D ea rne Valley Corps, was h~aded by the Goldlhorpe British Legion Band. The combll1ed brass and bug le band and the bagpipe band of the Brodsworth Corps together with the band of the Pontefract Corps also took part in the procession which marched from the parade ground to Hickleton Hall through the streets of Goldthorpe. About 300 members were on parade and on reaching the grounds formed three sides of a square and the service was conducted by the Rev. H. Howard (vicar of Goldman J. G. Paris, chairman of the Advisory Committee;

1\11'. T. R. Cowles, r ecalJed nO'." that the first Ambulance crew left Plym outh following the Fire Brigade to an unknown destination, the natu r e of the call being only reyealed during the journey across Dartmoor. Among the Officers at the Presentation Ceremony were County Officer T. D, P erkins, Lady County Office-r 1\1rs. R. Balsdon, Corps, Supt. \V. F. Pethick and Corp Officer C. l\1. Ball (Dcvon County Staff) S.},A.B.).

Th e British Red Cross Society will hold a course of seven lectures and demonstrations on Tropical Hygiene, on Mondays , Wednesdays and Fridays, commencing on September 26th , at 9, Chesham-street, London, S. "V.1, at 5.30 p.m. These lectures are open to non-member. of the British Red Cross Society. The f'xamination for the Briti h Red Cross Society's certificate in Tropical Hygiene will be held on October 14th. Fees for the course are 5/- for members of the Red Cro Society, and 7/ 6 for nonmembers.

FIRST

July , 1932.

A I D.

Przory for Wales. \VELSH

IEMBERS IN HONOURS LIST.

His Majesty the King was graciously pleased to s~nctiol1 the followino- admissions to and advancements m the Venerable O~der of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, approved by Chapter-General on the recommendation of the Priory for \Vales : KnigMs oj Justice (From Eniglzts of Crace) : The Viscount Tredegar, C. B. E. - Holds the executi\'e office of Almoner for 'Vales and has closely identified himself with the 10nmouthshire Centre of the Priory, which has benefited by his practical support at all times. including the (Yift of the Drill Hall for Centre Headquarters. :::. Colonel H. E. 1'.1. Lindsay, C. B. - Has served on the Chapter as a representative Knight of Grace. since the inception of the Priory and was last year apP01l1ted to the office of Treasurer for Wales. As Chairman of the Glamorgan County Centre since 1918 has been closely associated with all the activities of the Priory. Commande1' (From Serving Brotller) : Professor George Knox.-A member of Chapter, Grand Committee and all the Standing Committees of the Priory which he regularly attends, sometimes occupying the chair; and has devoted considerable time and attention to the l\lotor Ambulance Transport Sen'ice and other departments of acti\'ity. Officen (Brotlzers) : Captain J. McLeod Carey, O. B. E.-Has placed hi wide knowledge and experience of the South Wales Coalfield at the disposal of the Priory, serving on the Ambulance Committee and Motor Ambulance Transport Sub-Committee, Sir Alfred Cope, K . C. B.-Has spared neither time nor effort in the promotion of ambulance work amongst the men employed in the Colliery Combine, of which he is managing director, and in the extension of the Priory's .\mbulance Transport Scheme. Mr. Theodore Gibbins.-Has been a generous benefactor of ambulance 'w ork in the Neath area, having established and equipped a unit of the St. John Ambulance Brigade at the Melyn Tinplate Works. Major the Lord Glanusk, D. S. O.-Has recently undertaken the office of President of the Brecknockshire Centre, in which the work of the Priory is now making define progress . . Mr , John Grimes, 1. B. E. -As Treasurer of the J omt Emergency Help Committee for Glamorgan has given unstinted service in the administration of the fund to provide temporary assistance for ex-service men suffering from sickness or disease attributable to 'war service. Sir William Jenkins, 1. P.-Has identified himself in a practical manner with the work of the Priory as a member of Grand Committee; and as Chairman of the Education Committee of the Glamorgan County Council has used h is influence in the furtherance of the ambulance movement. Mr. Hugh Charters Kirk.-Admitted to the Order in the grade of Officer on his nomination as Personal Esquire to Sir John W. Beynon, Bart., c.B.E., Knight of J ustice. Mr. Charles S. Mason. -District Organiser, Miners' Welfare Fund. Has been in touch with Brigade Units of the Priory and is a member of the Ambulance Committee. Mr. Enoch Morrell, C. B . E. -President of the South Wales Miners' Federation. Appuinted to succeed the late

Right Hon. Thoma Richards, P.c., as Direclor of ,\ll1bulance of the Priory for \Vale . Dr. Lionel II. Terry.-Prominent worker for the ambu lance movement in Pembrokeshire, having organised and lectured to lasses at Fihguard and Goodwic-k for the pa t 12 years. Mr. Robl~ rt J. \\ ebber, J. P. l\Ianaglng DIrector, \Vestern i\lail and Echo, Ltd., President of the ardilT Publicity Club, Chairman of the Pre s A ociation. His S) mpathelic altitude towards the work of the Order and generou support ha\'e been an ill\aluablc a' et to the Priory. T

o.L1icers ( SUi/as) : The Counte s of Plymouth. ,\ member of the ,\Imonry Committee and Grand Committ e. Presidcnt of the Glamorgan Branch of th British Red Crm,s Ol i ty ; antI .has done much to further the ambulance work of both orgal1l~a tions. Lady Howard de \\'alden. . B. E. - Lad) President Df the Denl;ighshire Centre of the Priory, an nthusiastic supporter of the local work of the Brigade and a gencrou ........ ubcriber lo Priory funds. Sen'/Ill{ Bro/ilers: i\1r. \\T. 1\labon ,\brahall1. - Rccently appointed Brigade Secrelary folk1win <r 12 years' sen'ic in the Brigade departIII nl of the Prior)~for \-Vales. ' :\1r. \\illiam John Dayies. ulwrintendent of the Loughor Di\'ision of the Brigade, which he formed in 1920; and a keen ambulance man. l\lr. Thomas Charles 1 oake .-Corp.., In . . pector of Stores, Cardiff and District Corp ; has gi\en 2S years voluntary service to the Brigade. 1r. -G. H. E. Pointer. ecretaryand Instructor to the Good wick and Fishg-uard G. \V. R .. \~11bulance Class. lIas also organi ed cla. ~, for women and boy s and is no\\' forming the latter into a Cadet unit. Ir. \V. T. \Villiams. - Has devoted his lei ure to the organising and in truction of ambulance cIa , c ... for rail\\'aymen police and ,yeneral public and formed Di\,isiol15 of the Brigade at DenbiKh and Rhyl. erving, isler: l\li s Vera Lovett.-A -istant ec:-etary of the Priory for Wales, after 13 year' sen'ice as Committee Clerk and latterly Secretary to the late Principal Secretary (Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis, K.B.E.). lESSAGE FRO:'I TIlE PRII\'CE.

Ieetings of the Ambulance a?d Exec~ti\'C~ Committee of the Priory for Wales were held 111 the Priory Room, Law Courts Cardiff, on Monday, June 27th; l r. Enoch ]\lorrell, C. B. E.', and Professor George Knox respectively, pre iding. It was reported that the following telegram "vas sent to His Royal Highness the Frince of Wales on the occasion of his birthday : " The Priory for Wales sends loyal greetings to its Prior on his birthday and wishes him continued health, happiness and prosperity." Th is was acknowledged a under:" My grateful thanks to the Priory for Wales for their good wishes which I much appreciale.-Edward p , Prior."

FIRST

J uly , 193 2.

Sanction was given to the formation of the Clydach and District Ambulance Division, Brecknockshire Centre' and the Pontyrhyll Sectiort, Llangeinor Division, Gla~ morgan County ('entre; the Durrryn Rhondda Cadet ,\mbulance Division, Glamorg-an County Centre; the CYl11mer and Bridgend 'ursing Divi ions, Glamorgan County Centre; and the Resolven Cadet ursin<T Di\'ision Glamorgan County Centre. An application W,L ~agreed fo~ the transfer of the Cefn Coed Division from the Borough of l\ l erthyr to the Brechnockshirc Centre, where the new Commissioner, Colonel C. G. Cole-Hamilton, c.l'.1.G., D. S. 0., is making rapid progress in his efforts to develop the work of the Order in that Count,·. Authority was given for the p~rchase of a copy of the Centenary film of the Order for issue on loan to divisions of the 1. John Ambulance Brigade in Wales, as the large demand upon the one circulating among the Brigade in England had made it impossible lo comply ",ith the many requests for its exhibition in the Principality. For g-ratuitou sl'rvices as lecturer to the Aberdovey ambulance class since 192-+, Dr. F. . Jackson, 1\l.R.C. .) wa - elected an Honorary Life Member of the Priory for \Vales. The E,ecutive pas cd a recommendation to the Finance Committec for a <;mall g-rant for the purchase of material to be placed at the di-,po,al of the \\'orking Party set up by the .\lllll)nr,l CL)mmillee for the prO\' i5ion of maternity ba~s to be di . . tributed in conjulIcLion with the Public Authorities to de en ing- case within the Cit\' of Cardiff. It was noted with ati f~~ction that rhe nomination of ,\1 r. D. :'II. E\'an Gevan a~ a repreSt'ntati\'e officer on 'hdpter-General of the OrJer had bef'n appro\'ed hy the Grand PriM; and :'Ill'.. \. G. E. J. Fudge, a repre entati\'e \)!l1111.lnder on Chapter-General, wa elected Deputy to tile \\'el h rcprcsenlal i\'e (the Hon. John Bruce) on the Council of the Order. .:\:'IBCL,\:-\CE

RALLY AI" ABERA\,O:-'-.

O\l~ r li\l~ hundred members of the Abera\'on Corps of Bri~.lJc paraded at the Central .\thletic Ground, Aber-

the a\'on, on June 11th, for annual inspection by the Commissioner tor \\'ales, the Hon. John H. Bruce, who was ~ccomranicd b) th ommi sioner tor the Glamorgan COLlnty entre, :'I[r. D. 1\1. Evan Be\'an, ub-Commissioner Lemuel Jones, . tarr Ollicer D. Thoma and Corp Officers E .. \.. IIo\\'e, D. Pugh, T. Ackery and :\.. Poole . The units repre ented included Divisions from Kenfio' Hill, \\,111a\ on, Bryn, Cefn Cribbwr, Taibach and Po:L Talbot, Porlhcawl, .\ber-Blaeng-\\'ynfi, Port Talbot Police and D.ufTryn Rh~ndda.; and after the inspection very creditable dIsplays of hr t aId \\'ork "'cre carried out. TI:~ Aberavon. lIb-~istrict i cal-rying on excellent work. In addItion to routine Bngade duty, ucce sful Medical Comforts Depots are maintained at Port Talbot and Bryn' and it is one of the few Corp. in Wale able to take c;ed'it for a Voluntary Aid Detachment. The COl11mis ioner for \Vales paid tribute to the efficienc) of the Corps in his remarks following the inspection; and, I-eferring to the excellent attendance and g-eneral smartness of the parade, he said the member were fired with the true spirit of the ambulance movement with the re ult that rapid strides had been made . Pa1"licularly did he congratulate them on the enthu iastic manner in which advantag-e had been taken of the Pil<Yrim Trust fund to equip the c~det , of whom there were 280 in th~ Corp ; and reminded those who had not managed to raIse the neces~ary one-t h ird contribution in order to qualify for t~e two-thIrds grant that the Priory had recei\'ed the final lI1sta lment and those de iring to bent'fit would need to make early application. INTER-COLLIERY COi\IPETITTON.

Thirteen teams competed in the \Velsh A sociated Co ll ieries ambulance c?ll1petition on Saturday, June 25th, at the Hendrecafn Councrl Sch oo l, Penygraig-.

A I 1) .

:'I1r. F. LJe\\'ellin Jacob, :'11. E., J.P.) presided; and the judges were .\ Iajor A. \V. Anderson, Ogmore Vale(stretcher), Dr. H. Catto, ~ewport (practical), and Dr. J. Patterson, L1anharan (oral), The first prize, the" P~ter Haig Thomas" Shield, with a. bar~meter set f~r each team member, \\'a won by Uwynypia ~ o. 1, captained by.\mbulance Officer \Vm ..\IcTiffin, with 206~ marks; while the runners-up, \\'ho received the " George Oli\'er " Cup, with a gold-mounted fountain pen for each team n:ember, were :\ aval Penygraig (captain, Supt. T. Rees) WIth 202 marks. After the competition, the teams and guests were entertained to tea at St. Barnabas Church Hall, where the prizes were distributed by Mrs. F. L1ewellin Jacob. A.monR tho e present ,,'ere Lady Lewis, O. B. E., Lady Supt. for \Vales ; Captain Taliesin Richards, J. P., Commissioner, Rhondda Borough Centre; .\Irs. Richards and :'11 iss Gwladys Ric-hards; Sub-Commissioner G. Payne, :\Ir. H. H. Evan,:'I1. E., J. P., President, Rhondda Borough Centre; Corps Secretary \V. R. Matthews and ~lrs. :\fatthews, Corps Supt. Idris Davies, Corps Officer J. J. Hughes, the Re\'. D. Davies, Vicar of Penygraig; :\lr. J. H. Thorne, Supt., rescue station; ;\Ir. E \.-\'. \Vatkins, Gilfach Goch, :\J r. J. Whitticombe, Mr. W. H .. :\lain\\'aring, :\lr. D. R. :'Iforgan, l\1r. T. Rees, :'Ilr. S. DaVies, and County Councillor Sidney Cado!:;an. The ecretarial duties were ably performed by :\lr. \Y. R. :'IIaLLhews, Trealaw. A:'lBCLA:-\CE FIELD DAY.

The Commissioner for ,,vales was present at the annual field day of the Llynfi Valley :\.mbulance Corps at the :'Ilaesteg Football Field on Saturday, June 25th, when close on 1,000 spectators \\'atched the \'arious com petition . Twenty-one teams entered for the two principal competitions ; and !5reat keeness was shown in the contest for the "Vernon Hart horn" Challenge Shield, the most important e\'ent of the day. Fourteen teams entered, and Faldau Institute and (jan\' were adjudged the \\'inners; the adjudicators were Dr. T. J. Bell Thomas and Dr. :'IfcCausland. Eight team of Cadets competed for the « A. E. Lockyer" Cup, \\'hich \\'as \\'on by DuFfryn Aman . About 800 members of the Brigade in the Abera\'ol1, Bridgend and Ogmore Corps took part in a parade through the streets of the town which, headed by the A.bergwynn Silver Band, created an impressi\'e pcctacle. The Han. John Bruce conducted the annual in pection of the Llynfi Valley Corps in the afternoon, and in his su~ equent addre appealed for the formation of nur ing units. CnW I VALLEY CORPS INSPECTION. The annual inspection of the Cynon Valley Corps took place at the Aherdare Park on June 1 tho The Commi ioner for 'Vales was the Inspecting Officer and "va supported by Councillor l\lr . A,. N . Jenkin, ;\lrs. 'V. H. Tremellin, Mrs. Gomer L. Da\·ies and i\1 rs. v\'. Ken hole, members of the Centre Committee. The parade was under the command of the Centre Commissioner, Dr. J . :\1. ""ilson, \\'ho wa a isted bv Sub-Commi ioner Gomer L. Da\'ies, StalT Officers Henry E\'ans and Da\'id E\'an , and Corps Officers Emr)' James, GI)'nd\\'r Da\'ies, E. T. Howe D. J enkins . The Comll1i ioner had rleasure in presenting the In ignia of a Ser\'ing Brother to Mr. Gomer L. Davies, who has rendered long and faithful sen'ice to the Order; and distributed Warrants of A,ppointment to officers in the Brigade.

We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretaries and others with specimen copies of this Jounal for distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers, FIRST AID, 4 6 Cannon St., London E.C.4.

FIRST

A I D.

J uly, 1932.

July, 1932 .

Rat/way Ambulance News. Inter-Railway Final Competition. LAST month ,,'e published the team te t marking- sheet of .the final competition, and thi month \ve l'eproduce the markJl1g sheets of the individual tests and also the commen.ts of. a spectator ,,,ho has for many years been connected 'nth raIlway ambulance 'w ork. I 'D1YlDUAL TESTS. Nos. 1 and 5. - This rnan, who. w~s \\'heelin~ son~e timber in a barro\\' accompanied by bls little boy a:::,ed 1. ' along Loyer' Lan~ on a frosty day, slipped an? fell hea,~dy on his right knee. You two are 011 a walkll1~ tour, Jr ou ha\'e be~n walking all day, and are both very tlred._ \ .ou witness the accident and have a small fl~st ~id outfit "',Ith you. Act . Time allowed, 8 minutes, beginning when) ou receiYe this card. . 'd with (Note for Judge. - Patient laying on ng~1t Sl e right leg tucked under him. F.ractured. nght patella marked. Barrow filled with odd pieces of timber. TI:ermos flask and blanket in workman's hu~. Boy weanngschool satchel containing writing pad, pen cd, etc.). 2 Prompt approach; speak :eassuri~g ~o patient 2 Ask him if he feels any pain (yes, Jl1 nght knee) 2 Ask him if he can move his right leg (no) 2 Any visible hremorrhage (no) ... .. .. 3 One bearer leads boy aside and reassures hIm The other c<'lrefully examines patient's right leg and 2 finds fractured patella 3 Is there a wound over patella (no) ... ... Where is nearest shelter (a workman's hut 50 yards up 3 the lane) .,. ... ... 2 Are there any bystanders or passing vehicles (no) 3 Cover patient with coats immediately 2 Ask him if he feels pain elsewhere (no) Examine for any further injuries (head, trunk, upper 8 limbs, lower limbs (none) ... 2 Ask patient if he feels faint (no) 3 Raise and support head and shoulders 3 Straighten, raise and support right leg 2 Improvise splint, buttock to heel 1 Bandages: Round thigh 1 Round lower leg ... Abo\'e patella, round limb, crossed behind 2 and tied to front below patella 2 In correct order ... ... ... ... 2 Apply ice from road over knee and retain by bandage 2 Maintain leg raised ... ... Decide to send message to nearest doctor and to warn 3 man's wife Reassure boy and show him how he can be useful to 3 his father by taking message Ask him if he knows : Where doctor lives (yes, 1 mile away) How far away his father lives (2 miles) And the way to get there fror:n here (yes) Write message to doctor stat1l1g : Name and address of patient ... ature of accident 1 ; Where to find patient 1 Urgent ... ... . .. . Ask doctor to summon ambulance as there IS no other 1 available transport 1 Own name, time and date 1 Write message to patient's wife stating: 1 An accident has happened to her husband

ature of accident, making lig-ht of it \\'here it happened 1 ; Doctor sent for 1 What preparations he shOilld make Name of writer . Send boy with written mes <lge. (to doctor Ilrst) 1\ t ar1>:.s fer sympathy and tact With boy . "What is the' condition of patient now (no ~tlteratlon) Rea sure patient and tell him you arc gOlllg- to 1110\' C him to helter Carry to helter by three-handed seat. (If barrow u. cd, 0) . . . . , .. .. , i\lake c0mfortable, co\'e r warl11I), kceplng-llI.'ad and I ' ~ rai5ed and treat shock (Judge: P~tient snys he feels fair~t) . Lowcr head and shoulders and ~I\' e sal "obtde Renew ice to knce \Vatchlul care until arri\'al of doctor Extra en1ciency

1 2

1 1 4

3 2 2

5 3 2

110

120 o. 2. - Thi s man slipped in climhing- n kn.ce. com )lain of great pain in the Idt le~, al~d ~' Iy s he I..... un ,lhlL: .I TIlere .I 1)l ood on his. stoc kl1l ....o ' ,lu . . t ;Ihmc .hi . . hl)Ot. to rtse. , I ' . There is a \\'oman in a cottage 100 yard . . a\\'ay. "lHI 1.l\l: a llask of whisk\ and a pa rl'l' I of triangul ;lr h IIld 19~' S ;.'nd cotton \\'001. .'\·cL Time allowed, (~ minutl: . . , hl:g'lnnlng w hen you recci \"e th is c a r e l . . , ' . ( ote for Judge. - Patient sitting,on gn1 unJ nur . . lng hi" left leg. Pieces of wood for fence. I· rac t ure ... lll)\\·n hy hl)ne and plaster). Prompt caution not to 1l1~\e ... 1 A k him if he has an) palll clse\\'hcr.: (1ll1) 4 Encouraging \\'orJs 2; Co\:el \\armly 2 .. .

,II:

Expo e and carefully examin e leg :.. .". (You find a compound fract~re 4 ins. ~.tb l)\e ankle, \\,Ith bone protruding and light hl ecdlll g-. Shout to occupants of cottag~ (no r.eply) Clean e hand and \\'ound With \\'hlsky . . . . .,. No altem pt at extension, u pport a s f.ar as pOSSSI ble.. . '. Cover \\'ound and protruding bone \\,Ith cll'<In Jres,,"lng Bandage lightly Is bleeding controlled (yes) Discrimination in electing splints frol11 material at hand ... vVell-padded splint to outer s ide of ~eg Special pad of wool around protrudll1t; bone Bandages correctly app!ied Care in passing under ltmbs ... ... . ... Tie both limbs together at ankle and knee (aftcr splinting), avoiJing force Undo tight clothing ":. . Quick examination for further InJunes (~lolle) What is patient's conclition now (\'el~y fiur) Inquire as to patient's addrcss (7 miles a~\'ay) Tell him you are going- to collage for as I tance Instructions not to move Information you would seek a~ cottage: . (a) Nearest doctor (1 mtle away); (b) .:~osplta~ (not available) ; (c) Transport (non(:: a\ 'lilable) , (d) Hot tea (yes) ... ... . .;. Ask woman to send message to doctor and to patient s home ... Return to patient immediately with hot tea and await arrival of doctor For extra efficiency

2 3 2 2 2 1

2 2 2

3 2

2 2

5 60

F IR S T

o. 3. On a cold wet winter clay you are walking- in the country when you see a boy fall from a tree. There is a collage 100 yards away, reached by crossing a field. 0 one else is in sight. The boy is obviously badly shaken. Act. Time allowed 8 minutes, beginning when you receive this card. (Note for Juclge,-Patient lying on back. Fracture of right clavicle marked. 0 first-aid material to bc provided until arrival at Collage). Run to boy's assistance 1 Any ob\'ious hremorrhage (no) 1 Colour of face (pale) 1 Breathing (shallow) 1 Test pulse (rapid) ... 1 Examine pupils (equal, react normally) 1 Ask if any pain (yes, right shoulder region) 1 Examine - Right cla\'icle : swelling (ye ) 1 Deformity (ye-;, outer third) 1 Irregularity of bone (yes) 1 Shoulder joint: Deformity (no) 1 Right Humerus: welling (no) 1 ; Deformity (rIo) 1 2 Irregularity (no) 1 ; ,lsk if any pain el e\\'here (no) 1 2 Quick examination for other injuries (none) 5 In truct bo} to hold and support right forearm, right arm clo:-.e to chest 1.\ssist boy to stand 3 .\ssi'>t him to \\'alk to cottage... 3 (When in cottagc Juclg-e says: « There is a first-aid equipmcnt here ") . Cndo bo)' clothe and braces 2 Pad in axilla 2 Raise forearm; shoulder back 2 l. John sling2 Broad bandage round elbow and trunk 2 Feel pulse 2 ; tighten sling 2 1Hot drink", etc. 3 1nquirc P llient's address and arrange for transport home 1Diag-nosi ... (fracture of right collar-bone j concussion) 4 GenNal :'l11artnl' 5 60 1-. - You an~ walking along a country road when you ee a Illan lying at the ide of the road on his back. As you approach you notice that the man's right trouser-leg i saturated with blood and there i blood on the ground beneath the leg. On inquiry, he tells you he fell in climbing O\'cr a h :!dge. It i 5 miles to the nearest town. There is no hou e in sight, and as far as you can see the road is clear of trailic in both directions. It i a fine summer day. Act. Time allowed, minute, beginning when you receive thi card. (Note for Judge.-Patient lying on his back. Bleeding marked on righl hand and right leg. No am bulance material to be provided unless it is asked for from occupant of car.) 1

Encouraging word to patient Tell him you are a flrst aider... Tell him not lo move Ask if be has any pain (yes, in right hand) Can he move his right arm (yes) ... Any pain el ewhere (no) ... Colour of patient's face (pale) ... Examine right hand, ob erve bleeding Inquire character of bleeding (arterial, not se\'ere) Carefully examine right leg. Any swelling (no) ... Any irregularity (no), 1 ; any deformity (no), 1 Raise leg- to right angle ... ... Expose wound (you find severe bleedino' from a rupt u red varicose vein) '" 5... D igital pressure on wo u nd

1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2

2 2

AID.

Loosen garter or suspender Improvisc and apply pad and bandags

2 2

(J udge : There is a saloon car in sight coming towards yo u .) Stop car Ask if any first aid applianc~s (yes, a first-aid box) May you borrow them (yes) Can car take man to hospital (ye ) Iodine own fingers Re-dress wound of right leg with dressing, firm pad and bandag-e .. Apply brtndag-e above and below wound ... Is bleeding centrolled (yes, if properly done)

2 2

2 2 1

3 2 1

Again examine wound in right hand . Any foreign bodies in wound (none visible) 1 Iodine to wound in right hand 1 'W hen dry, 1 j apply dressinp-, 1 j bandage, 1 3 St. John sling 1 Quickly examine for other injuries (none) of How is patient now (he looks pale and faint) 2 Smelling-salts to nostrils 2 (As soon as treatment is finished, Judge "'ill say: "Another car has arrived containing a doctor.") Report to doctor ... 1 Ruptured varico e \'ein of right leg 1 Abrasion of right hand 1 Shock... 1 Smartness and efficiency 5 Total IMPRESSIO, S OF A SPECTATOR.

In this year's Railway Final there \vere t,,'o welcome innovations for which readers of FIRST Am ha\'e clamoured down many weary years. First, the venue was changed to the vVharncliffe Rooms where for many years now the Brigade Finals have been held; and secondly, the team test was realistically staged with full theatrical effect. These two changes conduced to the comfort alike of competitors and spectators, and were highly appreciated by all concerned. The scene of the team test ,,'as the Booking Hall of a Rail \vay Station with waiting room on the left and with restaurant and stationmaster's office on the right. As they entered the room, the competitors saw a man cleaning the station clock and actually witnessed his faIl to the ground. In point of fact, a dummy was dropped into a basket on a parcel trolley; and the team, ha\'ing mounted to the platform, found their patient (tru ed and prepared) behind the trolley. Altogether it was a realistic and practi~al test. At the opposite end of the room, behind a curtain, the individual tests were carried out; and, here again, the public were freely admitted to "iew the tests, two of which \vere judged simultaneously by two judges. Another pleasing feature wa the youth of several of the teams which had won their way through to the Railway l< inal, a fact "'hich dispels the gloomy statements and prophecies of certain individuals \\'ho ay that the study and practice of first aid does not appeal to the younger aeneration. There is always a tendency for the seniors to look back through rose-coloured spectacles and to see only "'hat they wi h to see. For this reason the presence of young teams was the more welcome. No fault could be found with the judging of team or indi \'idual tests; and the way in which all the judges gave their undi\'ided attention to the competitors and the marking sheets created a most fa\'ourable impression of fair play to all. The location of the two sections of the competition on a platform or roped off end of room, facilitated thi wholehearted devotion to duty since no one could get near the judges and interrupt them while the teams were bus,' soh'ing their problems. • The Sout hern Railway repeated its brilliant uccess of

FIRST

last ypar and ao-ain secured fir t and second places. This result was the ~110re creditable, in that this)' ar they were repre ented by two totally different teams except that the Captain of the Horsham team led the Barns~aple t.eam last year, a fact which rencct the g-reatest credit on his leader. I " The day ended on schedule time; and some lap)) speeches ac~ompanied the prize distribution. !hen dispersed to our home up and dO\\"I1 the countr) amI \\ e telt that the Railway Final of 1932 had been \\"e\l staged, \\'ell oru-anised ,.., , well J'udo-ed and \yell \\'on. So all \\'a well!

. hip.

,,:c

------ .--. ------Great Western. The ambulance year for the Great \Vestern Railway Ambulance Centre ~nded on June 30th, and di\"i ional record are no\\" in course of preparation for the pa . t year's \York. uch ha bee n the effect of the continued trade depres ion on the general fortunes of the. raih\"ay and affectin o' the stren oth of the personnel, that It \\" ould he highh' . ; eculatiye ~ make any e timate of \\'hat the

A I D.

July, 193 2.

musical item, Ir. . II. O\'enbury, Divl. Ambulant: Secsetary, appealed to the J~irmingh~m amhulance.I~,en to get to,ycther and reO'ain their place 111 the compctllton arena. he pointed O~lt, in past yea I'S a Birmingham team had al\\'ays b en \Ycll to the foreJront, hut that was not tl~c case this year, and a united l'!(ort was nec s ary to reg-alll the g-round lost.

July . t 932.

c\'ening' an intercsting: item was a prescntation on behalf of the class to Dr. IJugh Jones, their lecturer.

As eyic1cnce 0 f the interest taken in Ii ~st. ai~l \York. hy all g-rade of the Great \\'c!:'tern Railway, 1t I~ Intl'rl'st1.11l!, tn ;'ccor<1 that l\[r. C. 1'. I rurry Riches, the LOt:Cl111otl\'C upt. of the Cardiff Diyision, l~as 9ualifinl for the '0111pany's g'old efficiency medal, \\ hlch IS a\\ ended t:2 l:,emher oj the staff who ha\' c 15 year' ambulance l'ffIC1ency to their credit. -:'Ifr. Riche, \\'ho has heen prominent in a1l1hulancl~ \\ ork for a nU111ber () i years, IS an Officl r ,() f thl 0rdcr 11 t ~ t. John, and Dej1ul) C()mmi!:'siol1l'r nt thc . t. John A1ll1;ulancc Brig-ade. It \\ ill he recalled that -:'III'S. C'. T. HUIT) R1chls, \\'1111 is also actiyc in the amhulance CCllhl' , \\ as ~' l' ~lllll) prc.lmoted a-; an Officcr (~istL'1') ()i thl' Order 0\ . l. J"hn III

i.I

~~ CI"

(,~S

FI R S T

- - - - --

----- -

London and North Eastern . \Ve deeply regret to announce the death of i\lr. H. C. JIig-son, the enlhusia tic i\mbulance ecretaryof the Great Cenlml Centre, which took place on Friday, July 8th, ill London. j\1 r. Hig-son had been suiTering for nine weeks with erysipelas, and by hi. death the Company has lost an e:-..cellent \\'orker in the Ambulance Movement. .\Ir. IIig<.,on had held the office of Centre Secretary since 1912, ha\ing been one of the old Great Central Railway '"orkers, and in recognilion of his \\'ork he "'as made a;l Ollicer of th Order of Sl. John. ince his appointment to the Centre Secretary hip, the gn1\\ th of tl1L' <lmhulancework in the G. C. Centre manife ts the

A I D.

Tync Dock and Wel\\'yn Garden City, 239; 4, Dundee (fay Bridge), 229. Aberdeen won the initial competition) held six year ag-o, and arc thus to be congratulated on winning the Shield for Scotland for the second time. Dr. 'White-Knox congratulated all team on their performances which were, he aid) excellent. Mr. Horn 1», presented the. hield to Aberdeen amid applau e. At the subseQuent luncheon at which ~Ir. T. Horn by presided, mention was made of the ambulance progre . made on the L.~.E.R. Among those present ,,' ere -:'IIr. H. H. Halliday (assistant to the Chief General ;'Ianager) representing Sir Ralph \\Teclgewood), -:'IIr. ]. Calder (General ~Ianager for Scotland), -:'IIr. C. H. Stemp (Supt. of the Southern Scottish area), Dr. -:'IIcBride pledical Officer), -:'Ilr. Ferguson and -:'IIr. ]. H. Henderson (repre enting .A.A.A.), -:'IIr. D. G. -:'Ilonteith (repre enting S.]. .A.), and other officer ()f the Company, including' the Ambulance • ecretaries of

~ ~

rewe ,;\Iachine hop team, winner of the L. i\1. & S. R. Eng-Ii h and Scotti h competition, recei\'ing- Challenge Cup from Sir Thoma \Villiams. Aberdeen team, winners of the L. &

.E. R. English and Scottish Ambulance Competition.

results of the year's work have been in the matter of successful examinees. Apart altogether, howeyer, from the results from a railway point of view, it is evident from the increasing number of cases reported that railway trained ambulance men have been particularly active during the past year in rendering assistance to the general pu'blic, and there is perhaps some ironical significance in the fact that in several cases of serious road accidents it has been railway ambulance men who have been called to assist the un fortunate sufferers. BIRMINGIL\M.--The distribution of awards to members of the Birmingham Ambulance Class \vas made at the Chapel Tavern on June 10th, Mr. F. K. Pelley, District Goods 1lanager, presiding, when the awards were presented by 111'. J. Warren King, Goods ?Upt.) Hockley. During the proceed1l1gs, whIch were l11terspersed by

reco"'nition 0 f long and continued ambulance sen' ices In SOUJl vVale . B.\Rl\JoUTJl.-The Annual Dinner and presentation of awards in conncction with the J3armouth J unction Ambulance CIa s was hcld at thc Ynysfaig IIotel} Fairbourne, 011 June 15th, when 11r. II. Warwick, Traffic Manager, Oswestry, presided, and among the large company pres~nt were Dr. Hugh Jones, of Dolgelley, Mr. R. Jones, Chlei Constable Merioneth) and Dr. Lewis Lloyd, County f\Iedical Officer of Health, and 1\Ir. T. C. A. IIodsol1) Div. Ambulance Secretary. The Chaimlan congratulated the class on its excellent record and gave a short re lime of the successes achieved in the Central Wales Division during the past session. Ill' was particularly anxious that 1110re of the younger men should join the ambulance ranks. Al: excellent musical programme was rendered} and dUrlng the

enonnou amoun t of \\'ork done for the 1110\'emen t by 1\1 r. Big on. To him it \Vas a work of pIeasur and a hobby nearest and clearest to his heart. Those who knew him will testify to his enthusiasm. H is death, at the age of 5 year, will lea\'e a gap in the ambulance rank, which will be hard to fill.

the English and Scotti h Areas. 1\Ir. Horn by expres ed delight that a Scottish team had been ucce fLll, and it \\'as up to the English teams to enclea\'our to regain the shield next year.

NORTH-EASTERl

Four team, two from coli and and two from E ng-land, competed for the championship of the whole ]jne a t York, on June 15th. The teams were Aberdeen and Dundee (Tay Bridge) f,?r cotland, and Tyne Dock and Welw)'l1 Garden City, l~nglancl. The adjudication was in the hand of Dr. A. C. White-Knox, of London (team), and Dr. R. A. Lennie, o f Glasgow (individual). The work of the competitors was closely watched by it gooel numher 0 f spectators ancl at the clo e 1It-. T. JJ orn by (Div. General Manager, York) announced the rc nIts as follows :--1) Aberdeen, 251 marks; 2 (equal)

AREA .

On June 18th the \Ve t Hartlepool class met at the Trades Hall, \"hen i\Ir. J. \Villis, Heselden, presided over a great g-athering. Dr. Conley presented the awards obtained at the recent examination, and expre sed his pleasure in having that privilege and hoped that the cia s "'ould continue to ha\'e even larger number in future. l\Ir. Geo. Jack on, general ecretary, thanked the dC1ctor for hi attendance and for lecturing to the cia ,and hoped that he might have as happy associations with them as hi:::. predecessor, Dr. \tv. Gray, whom they all mi ed 0 much from amongst them. l\Ir. Hopper's concert party rendered some most excellent turns.

FIRS T

On the 25th June the Darling-ton Di tricL Council held their <tnnual meeLing at Barnard astle, when Ir. Hardwick and l\lr. S. Cooper were re-elected chairman and secretary for the ensuing year. On the 30th June the Leeds DistricL Council met at Harroo·ate ·when Ir. J. W ..-\ngood and l\lr. J. G. Hansell were r~-el~cted chairman and . e~retary. On the 2nd July the ewca tie District met at Hexham, when Ir. G. i\lurray and lr. A. E. Armstrong- were reelected chairman and secretary. On the 3rd July the York District met :.;.t Scarborough, \vhen l\1r. T. Hutchinson and 1\1r. A. Atkinson were reelected chairman and secretary. During the meeting, l\1r. Geo. Jackson handed gold service bar to lr. J. W. Beal for 20 years and Messrs. T. Hutchinson and E. Dale for 30 years sen· ice. On the 10th July the l\1iddlesbro Station Class, with their wives, etc., had their annual outing, yisiting Harrogate and Knaresborough . At the former they lunched at the Somerset Hotel, when DistrictSupt. 1\1r. T. B. Hare presented the awards obtained at thE' recent examination, and congratulated the class on the continued success. A.ftH tea at the High Bridge Hotel, Knaresborough, l\1r. Geo. Jackson, general secretary, offered his good wishes for the success of the class, and congratulated them on the success of their outing during such fine weather.

A I D.

July, 1932 .

thanks to the Chairman, whose response concluded a very plcasan t function.

--_. _ .---

Southern. EWllAVEN.-Presentation of awards won by members of the Ne\yba\ t:n class was held at the eaman' Institute, Newha\'cll. The mcmhers of the cIa s al 0 form the Newhaven Diyi ion of thc .J.A.B.} and they were present in unifon11 under the command of Div. upt. (and Class Secretary) A. E. IT arding. Mr. R. W. Dewdncy (Div. 1\Iarine l\Ianager) presided, and was supported hy ~Ir . Dewdney, r-Irs. J. c. Sadler, ~11'. H. K. Payne (AssL Diy. lIarinc Ianager) and M1'. A. E. Harding. )'lrs. Dewc1ney pre ented the awards. . 1\11'. Harding, in his remark) thanked all present 10r thei: upport. Thirty-three members joined the class la t eSSlOl1. 1\1 r. De\\ ciney, 011 behalf of his wife. thanked the Committee for their imitation to pre. ellt the awards. It was a pleasure to du so. IIc also cxprL .Lei appreciation of the work done by the men, Dr. ~ 11l11rnerhayl's and 11 r. Harding. Thc to\\"l~ \Va greatly indebted to the members.

3lolice j\mbulance J'l ews. CITY OF LONDOi-l P LI E RE ERVE.

London, Midland and Scottish. The fourth Annual Ambulance Competition between the three leading teams each from Scotland and England and vVales, was held in the 11idland Grand Hotel} St. Pancras station, London} on June 24th, and a keen contest was witnessed. The judges were Dr. R Wyse, of Birkenhead, ancl Dr. T. G. Rennie, of Glasgow. The tests were of an extremely interesting nature and brought out the best from the six teams taking part. The result of the competition was as follows :-1, Crewe, 306 marks; 2, Wolverton, 291; 3} Bridgeton, 264; 4, Salford, 259· 5 Mothenvell, 255; 6, Dundee West, 249. 'At the subsequent presentation of p~izes Mr. ~. Darbyshire presided, and the Cup and pnzes v.:ere dlstnbuted to the Crewe and Wolverton teams by SIr Thomas Williams. Mr. Darbyshire, in his remarks, referred to the splendid achievements recently of both the Motherwell and Crewe teams, and also to the excellent services performed by the railway ambulance movement generally, not only on the railway, but also on the road. Sir Thomas Williams, in a short speech, referred to the difficulties with which ambulance workers had to contend when he first took up first aid work, over 40 years ago . Mr. W . A. Stanier proposed a vote o~ thanks to ~he judges and to the members of the medical. prof~sslon generally, to which Drs. Wyse and Renme sUItably replied. . Mr. T . Ormiston, M.P. for Motherwell, also spoke 111 high appreciation of the presence of Sir Thomas W~l1iams and thanked him for the interest he had taken 111 the ambulance movement. Mr. J. H. H. Henderson, Assistant Secretary of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association proposed a vote of

"\\'hen I senL in nlY June report to this Journal, I could not haye imagined lh~~L the sugge. til)n I made therein, in regard to "Open air First .\iJ practices," \\·ollld han:! .0 soon become an accomplished fact, but truth, W' arl' told IS strano-er than fiction, and I had the pleasure allll ~atisfaction of se~ing such \\·ork as I had sug-g-cstL'd, carr-ied into elrect, and this 1110st erficicnLly, h} a special display of till! ~orthern Area of the S.J .A. B. which ,,·as held in a large field adjoining the Alexandra Palace, on aturday aftcrnoo.n July the 9th. At the ill\ itaLion of the 'hid 01.0. of Lhls district I spent a most enjoyable afternoon watching the competitions, which were on l11uch the same linc~ a · the usual R.A. 1.e. field senice training. I might say thaL a an experiment I hall try and adapt some similar scheme for our o\\'n lie, as I thinl' it would be of inestimable value in the case of any eriou rupture between the Police and the Public, where numbers of men mighL be called upon to render first aid to injur d Li\·ilians. At the moment I am compiling a detailed record of all of the men of the Police Reserve who have qualified in first aid during the past five years, and as we ha\·e se\'eral hundreds who are so qualified, I am having a somewhat busy time. The record will obviously be of con iderable service and value boLh to the Hon. ledical Officer and myself. The holiday season is now in full swing, . . vhich already has had its effect in the decreased number at our last chss j still, the numbers show a considerable increase over the same period of last year, which is to say the least, most encouraging to all concer nEd. CECIL G. EMERY Sub. Comdr., Hon. Sec. METROPOLITA

SPECIAL CONSTABULARY RESERVE.

The fourth annual competition for the" Gledhill" Cup open to stations in the' 'P" Division of the above, was

FIRST

Ju ly, 1932.

held at the Alford Lawn Tennis and Bowling Club, Catford, by kind permission of the CommiLtee. Two teams entered for this contest, viz., Lewisham (holders) and Bromley. The tests were set by their trainer, P.e. J. Facey. The judging was in the capable hands of Dr. ]. J. Hughes, 1\1. 8., of Forest llill, the divisional surgeon of Brockley. A good attendance enjoyed an interesting evening. The result was; Lewisham 1st and Bromley 2nd. By vinue of winning this cup the Lewisham Leam qualified to represent "P" Di\'ision in the" Gollin" Cup competiLion, which is open to all Divisions of the 1etropolilan penial Constabulary Reserve. This was held at ScoLiand \'ard. Out of a possible 279 points "P" Division were awarded 204, " "202, "D" 189, "Y" 172, "Z" 167-$-, "K" 166~, "V" 156, "C" 1S1~, "1'\" 14 , "E" 141~, "J"~HO~, "\V" 134, "T" 123, "R" 96. Thus, "P" Division bave held the cup for three years ouL of the four, thi year beating "s" Diviion, last year'>; winner, by the narrow margin of 2 points. ,\tthc finish of the compeLiLion, Sir \-\'alter Allen, K. 8. E., the Commandant-in-Chief con~ratulated the winners and runners-up, and s;lid that he was gratified to see that more Divisions \\ ere taking up first aid work and, he hoped, that at next year's competition, e\·ery Di\'i ion in the Metropolitan Special Constal1ulary Rc~en· e would send a competing team. .\t the annllal in pection of the ;\letropolitan Special on tal1ulary Reserve in Hyde Park, on Sunday, June 5Lh, about 5,000 oflicers and men paraded and were inspected by H.R.II. the Prince of \\'ale~, \\·ho afterward pre ented the "Gollin" 'up and gold medals to the winning team, and a Cup and sihL'r medals to the runners-up. The "P" Division team comprisl'd L'rgl. D. \Voodman (Captain), Sergl. r\. E. Ba) lis, S rgt. . C. Opie, Deputy ergt. F. G. Cannon and Deputy Sergt. limp on. ,\t a subsLLJuenL meeLing, the team were unanimous in the opinion thal their >;ucce \ya in a large measure due to the untiring- clTorts of their trainer, P.C. J. Facey, of the regular force, and also to the interest taken by Chief Inspectl)r .\. G,Lrnar and other officers of the Metropolitan pecial onstdhular} Resen·e at :"e\\'i ham tation.

----.-.----

Order of St. John. THE Grand Priory in the British Realm of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerulsalem, held its annual festi val on Friday, June Z-+th. The service was conducted by the Rev. E. J. Percival, and the sermon was given by the Rev. W, H. Hornby-Steer. The Grand Prior and the Chapter-General, preceded by the choir, walked in procession from the Chancery at St. John's Gate to the Church of the Grand Priory . After the service the general assem bly of the Order was held in the Chapter Hall at St. John's Gate, th.e Grand Prior presiding. Major-General Sir Percival Wilkinson Secretary-General and Director of the Am bulanc~ Department; Colonel Sir Courtauld Thomson Chairman of the Order's Ophthalmic Hospital a~ Jer~salem; Colonel E . J. King, the Librarian j M.aJ~r-Genera l Sir John Duncan, Chief Com miSSioner, St. John Ambulance Briaade and Colonel J. L . Sleeman, Chief Commis~ion~r, St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas, gave accounts

A I D.

of the work of their respective departments during the year. The Grand Prior in replying to a vote of thanks for presiding, said it gave him great pleasure to be present and to hear such favourable reports of the work of the various departments of the Order during the past year. He wished the Order and all those responsible for its many activities continued prosperity during the years to come. It was announced in the London Gazette that H is Majesty the King had sanctioned the following promotions in and appointments to the Order :BAILIFFS GRAND CROSS.-The Duke of Portland and Sir EYelyn Cecil. KNIGHTS OF JUSTICE.-Viscount Tredegar, Ernest A. Ebblewhite, Col. H. E. M. Lindsay. KNIGHTS OF GRACE.-Sir Herbert James Stanley, the Duke of Abercorn. CHAPLAINs.-Rev. C. Perowne} Rev. Canon J. A. Douglas, Rev. C. C. Petch} Rev. H. G. H. Shaddick} Rev. C. J. Parker, Rev. E. H. Thorold. CmThIANDERS.-\V. Stewart, 1\1. D.) A. R. 1cLeod} M.D., J. 1\1<Lxwell, Sir William H. \Vells, Major \V. H. F. Joble, Sir Charles H. Rafter} Prof. G. Knox, Sir John Vi. Thomson-Walker, 1\1. B.) F.R.C.S. ASSOCIATE Cm.I}.fAKDER.- ir Edward D. Stern. OFFICERS.-H. H. Wilkins, F. C. Bottomley, M.D .. G. Richardson, W. A. Hirons} \V. 11. Reekie) C. C. H. )'10riart)', \V. Trubshaw) H. G. ·Webster, 1\1.R.C.S., L.R.c.P .. P. B. E. Acland} Capt. P. J. Johnston-Saint, Lt.-Col. W. Chaloner} Col. H. C. \V. H. vVortham, Capt. J. l\IcL. Carey, Sir Alfred Cope} T. Gibbins) J. Grimes. Sir \\'illiam Jenkins, M.P., C S. 1\1ason, E. ~lorrell, L. H. Terry, M .R.C.S., L.R.c.P.} R. J. Webber} Sir Arthur S. \Voodwark, l\1.D., E. A. Bowden, 1\I.B.E.} E. S. FellowesFarrow, W. T. 1\1. Trafford} V\T. Dale, Major B. J. T. Ford, Capt. B. St. John Storrs, 1\1. Irving, Lord Glanusk, l\I. A. Young, Sir William C. 1\litchell-Cotts} Bt., Capt. R. Williams, 1\1.RC.S., L.R.c.P.} Col. R. R. Kimmitt) R. W. 1\latthews, Lt.-Col. J. B. P. Karslake, Sir Charles YIarston, J. C. Brudenell Bruce, H. C Kirk} R. N. Ironside, 1\1.B., 1\LR.C.P., E. S. Gerrish, H . C. Merrett, Hon. R. G. de Bohun Devereux, Major H. T. Rice, Mrs. M. da Costa Bates, 1\Iiss M. Rose, Mrs. M. D. Bennett, Countess of Plymouth, Lady Howard de vVaIden and Seaford, Mrs. D. 1\1. 1. Wright, Lady Rafter, and l\Irs. L. G. Wills.

----- .-- . - - - -

The Ambulance Man in the Public Eye. A SEQUEL TO The Ambulance jUan on Publ£c

Duty. By NOR IIAN HAM lER. A old and experienced author once told a tyro in the craft that a short story should em body these points ;1. A religious reference . 2 . Some reference, if possible, to the arIS tocracy, or leisured classes . 3. Action . 4. Sex appeal-and last, but not least5. Brevity . Next day the beg inner asked his opin ion on

FIRST

ff t "Good Heavens" saz"d the . Duchess, l" kickin cr him dO'lV12 stairs , "you're pllllllZg my ego ·

t h IS e or

And if you examine it, you will see that all these points are embodied. The Editor has kindly allowed me to follow up my article of last month with a few more thoughts, so I must try to remember at least one of these desiderata- Brevity. . Now the Saint John Am bulance Brigade and the First~Aid Units of the Briti h Red .C:~ss Society are voluntary organisations whose actlvlttes are encouraged and reco gnised by the Government. \~efind that in time of war, when V.f\.D:s ~re embodied and work under the County rerntorlal Associations, the Red Cross :nen are m~re seen and heard of. But in peace time, the alnt J ?hn Ambulance Brigade, working under t~e ausp\Ces of the Police Authorities, is more prominent. When we realise that the St. John Ambula~ce B 'gade when on public duty, is acting as a FIrst A~~ bod~ 1'ecognised by the Pohce, we can se~ that the pu bl ic expect more of its m~m ber~ than Sl m P~)~ First Aid proficiency. The Brigade zs a volunta!) body but its mem bers, when .they assume the . '1' eges that their uniforms pnvi . . . . gIve them, assume at the same time responsibilities. . .. We have spoken of their responsibility to the to .the pa t ·len t-they also have a responsibility . l' ., Police who authorise and recognise tlelr .actlvltles. It is only fair that they must, as. a recognised body, be a discipHned body i and it IS expected of each member, as a point of honour and decency', that while he is on public duty he.should regar~ himself nder discipline. RecrUlts to the Bngade of 3.S u . ., h e to Guards, as part of .their .recrult-tral.nlng, av learn a catechism, Just ltke a candl~late for confirmation. This occurs in the catechIsm. . Ouestion : " W/zat is a 1'eghnent 7.VztllOut dls. l·.....czp zne.~" . )' Answer: ., A dzsorderly mob .. Now first aid is a job that IS wl'ecked and wicked if it is done in a disorderly way. We must never become" a disorderly mob. '.' If we do forget discipline, or If we are never taught it, what happens? .

(1) Cases that need attentzon a1'e neglected. (2) Cases that ARE attended to, a1'e i1"eated hurriedly and inefjiczently. . (3) The difficulty oftranspo~tojcases zs doubled, with resulting delay and confuszon. ., (4) The difficulty of crowd controlzs z:zcreased, and our patients lack air and the fint azder lacks 'room to work in. . (5) We get hot and bothered (and loo~ It.) We get rattled (and show it), and in the publIc eye .we have lost some of that respect a~d co-operatIOn that the past reputation of the Brigade has won for us. Discipline is a much misunderstood word. Discipline does not mean "Because I say it, you

July, 1932 .

A I D.

jolly well must." It means" We are comr~d~s - let us work together in harm.onx--:-and th;; IS your part to pl::ty so that the musIc IS In tune; or it means "Vve are m m bel'S of a team - and the goalkeeper must keep goal, ~nd not sudden ly de~ cide that he will make a SIxth forward. Let us all play In the posilions that have been agreed upon. )) Let us, when we are on pu bl ic duty, and therefore z'Jl the pllblic eye, remembe r that discipline is essential i and that it rests not on the slavish subservcnce [the timid, but the honourable sense of comradeship of str ng men wbo play the game. Firstly, obedt"e,:C(' to an ruer given by a sllperz'or is esscnlla1. \\,ith out promI?t" and unquestioning 01 ec.licnce, control allll [h~len. y are impossible. This uts both .ways- tl.1C. JunIor must loyally obey; but the senior, by givIng. an order, assumes responsibility that that ord~r IS. a riaht one. Orders should al\\ay " be senSible In in~ention and reasoJlable oj execlf!/oll. Orders are not an occasion for parading authority; theyar an exercise o[ ills/llicd and reasoJ/uble command. A blusterina~ . . 0. is a weak :'\.C.O. orporal " and Sergeants, marl~ thz·s.t. \\'" h n n iuty,)'OU are not only in the publiC eye, _but sometlll1C~ under the obs _rvation of tarr Dl ers \\'ho. ca.n sum up an~. " . \'ery qui kly. A I)ui v Ice IS not a sign of efficiency. Then the bodily a!ldllde o[ the ambulance man on duty mu t be consider d. \Vhcn po ted. am bu lance -men should stan I com [o.rta bl)'. " At Ease" or " Easy. " ' Iovenly a nd lea n In g ~tt1 tudes show a slovenly anci spineless personall.l)' and the bystander who this minute I" watchIng ).·ou may be your palient in half an hour. On being addressed by an officer, an ambulance man should come smartly and easily to the position ~f ".a~ten,~ "martly" does not m an nOlstly.l t ·Ion. ,. Heel stampin a is not a sign of smartness-qllt e h " A c. E a se" to tlze revel'se . The movement [ rOI11 " Attention" should not be eilher hurned or unduly slow, and the heels s?ould be. brou~ht together quietly, only the slightest click being perm i si ble. Many queer varieties of the salute are to be seen exhibited by t. John men. T~e result of these is simply to make the crowd snIgger i. and down aoes our stock! Divisional officers, If [or this re~son alone, should see that their members can, and do, salute correctly. There is no m~ve ment more dianified than a slow, unhurned, correctly perfo~med salute-and nothing more ridicu lous if it is done badly. The slovenly touchin a of the cap peak and the exaggerated" earw;bble" are opposite extremes-but are equal ly absurd. 1

(To be conclztded.)

July, 1932.

FIRST

A I D.

Our Nurses' Pages. COMPILED

AMBULANCE

1'\ o. 1 DISTRICT, S.J .• \. B. - PRESENTATION TO TIlE CIIL;RCII OF TIlE ORDER, CLERKE ' WELL. ince the Church ha now be n restored to the Ordpr, Lady District upt. ;\Ji s Rideoul conceived the happy idea of presenting 24 kneelers for use in the Crypt Chapel. At a meeting of the Lady Hospitallers' Club held at the beginning of the year, members of the Order and other oflicer" of the Brigade present were invited to work these with the white eight-pointed cross on a black background. They were presented to the Church on St. John's Day, and ;\liss Rid out was subsequently nceived and personally thanked by the Grand Prior, H. R. H. Duke of Connaught, who asked that his thanks and appreciation be conveyed to all concerned. 'ENTf~,\L .\HEA DHILL COMPETn 10:'-l. - The Annual Drill C0ll1pelitil1 n for the" \\'alker" Cup tor leams from Nursing Di\ isions in Central A.rea was held at Toyn bee Hall, London, on J Line 1Xth, and wa judged by Lady District Supt. :\Iiss Ride ::- ul and District O/Ticer Pa co. Cnfortunately only two teams entered, the re uIt being a win for ~u. 66 (Toynbee Hall) ur ing Di\'ision over '0. 71 (City) ursing Di"i ion. Before the competition wa o\'er, the urgeon-in-Chicf (Col. Elli ) honoured the ,\rea with hi rresence. Following tea, whic h was kindly provided by the officer-in-charge and members of Toynbee IIall ~ur ing Di\'ision, Col. Ellis exrre sed ,l de ire to witne s a demonst ration of drill. Accordingl~, a co mbined and unrehears d exhibition wa given by the two team ' under Lady Di\'i ional upt. ;\Ii Robinson, City ~ursing Di\·ision. Col. Elli highly commended the di . rlay, and later wfote faH'urably to the Commissioner on th e efTiciency show by both officers and members. T

No. 62 (H.\l~GERSTON) 'URSING Dn' l 10N.-By special reque t, Lad), District Ofliccr 1i s Hoare, 1\1. B. E", paid a vi it of in pection to this Di\'i ion on June 21 t, and gave an intere ting talk on the \\'ork and history of the Brigade. She was accompanied by Lady District Officer Mis \Valker, entral Area. ;\Ii s Hoare congratulated Lady Divisional Supt. I rs. ;\filburn on the smart appearance of the l~lel1lbers, of ",hom there wa a full attendance, and on the nourishing state of the Di\'i ion. LADY PERROTT I 'SPECTS BAt\BURY NURsr G DI\'J ION. - Officer and mem ber of the Banbury Nursing Di\'i ion of the S.]. A. B. were honoured by a visit from Lady Perrott, R.R.C., Lady Supt.-in-Chief, on Monday, Jun e 6th. The member pRraded in the Town Hall, Banbury, under their Lady Di\'1. Supt. 1.-s. Laming. Other officers present were Dr. C. Gardiner Hill (Div. Surgeon), Lady Ambulance Officer l\lrs. Gardiner Hill, [ urs ing Officer Miss Barrett, and the Div. Secretary, liss Samuelson. Th e H on. Div. President, Col. H. E. du C. Norri , and Supt. E. F. Caw e of the Ambulance Division also attended. Following an inspE:ction by Lady Perrott and Dr. W. E. Audland, 1\1. B. E., the County COlllmissioner, there was a demonstration of practical work. . Lady Perrott he;:Jrtily congratulated the members on (~lelr. Smart appearance and on their good work, which, consldenng that the Division had only bcen formcd one year,

SISTER..

was very creditably performed. She \\'as sure thaL \\'hen another twelve month had gone by they would be a really first-class Division. The membprs of the Brig-ade did a large amount of civil work in everyday life, and in the home life, too; but she noticed that not one of them were members of a V.A.D. The V. A. D . , said Lady Perrott, was an excellent organisation and did a lot of work in national emergencies. ~Iem bers of the Voluntary ..\id Detachments were the first to be called up when there was a shortage of nurses . An) one bet\,v een the ages of 21 and 40 could join the mobile section. If they could not belong to this section, they could become immobile member. There were no special qualifications necessary in order to become a V. A. D. other than those they already possessed. There was no extra cost, either. Once a year the detachment would be inspected by a repre entati"e of the \\' ? r Office, and mobile member had the pri\'i le~e of attending a military hospital for training for a week every three years. Lady Perrott aid she tru ted they would form a V ..-1. D. and that as many as possible \\'ould join the mobile section. The Lady Supt.-in-Chief reminded the members that they were attached to the oldest Order in the \\"orld. The St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade was a great organisation, stretching into every corner of the British Empire, each member of which was doing a great work. She was \'ery pleased to have been able to come and insrect the Banbury Tursing Di\ision, ,,"as delighted with what she had seen, and offered them her congratulation .. Lady Did. Supt. i\Irs. Laming thanked Lady Perrott and Dr. Audland for coming to in pect them, and aid that both officers and member greatly appreciated the honour tbat had been extended to them. Col. Norris also expressed the appreciation of all connected with the Nursing Division of the fact that the Lady Supt.-in-Chief of the S.J.A. B. had honoured them by paying a visit of inspection. He would al 0 like to thank her for inspecting their ambulance and for her kind remarks on its clean line s-\\' hich fact \Va due to the great care and attention be towed upon it by ~Ir. Trinder. HAi\1PSHIRE TEA~JS OF THE S.J.A. B. CO:'JPETITION.The Annual Competition in First Aid for teams from 1'\ursing Divisions of the S.J.A. B. in Hampshire was held at the Hampshire Hea\"y Brigade Drill Hall, St. :'Ilary' -road, SouthRmpton, on Saturday afternoon, Jun e 25th, the result being- that Bournemouth won the trophy- the' 'Twiss" Bowl - for the fourth time. Six teams entered, representing the Nursing Divisions of Alverstock, Bournemouth, Calmore and Southbourne, each team con isting of fou r members. 1 t was regretted that once again Southampton hRd not entered, Alderman \\' . Bagshaw, J. P., chairman of the Southampton Centre, commenting at the pre entation ceremony on their absence from the com petition for many year . The competition was divided into four part, the judges being Dr. O. T . J. c. de H. Clayre, individual oral; Dr. G. H earn Parry, indi\"idual practical; Dr. H. E. R awlence, team work; and ~l iss Jenkins, matron of the Royal South Hants and Southampton Hospital, uniform. As already stated, Bourncmouth wa placed first, Southbourne (last)' ar's winners) gaining econcl place, and Calmore third. In the abscnce of the I ayore ,the l\Ia)'or of South-

FIRST

ampton, Councillor F. 'Vooley, ]. P., kindly presented the trophy and the other awards. lIe praised the keenne s of those who had taken part in the competition. Preparation for for uch tests involved a great amount of work, and the \'alue of the competition wa very high. The !\layor also aid that he felt a great admiration for all tho e people who devoted them el\'es to the work of the S.J. :\.. B. There \\"as no doubt that the foundation of the work and the chief source of instruction was to be found in the members of the medical profe sian. To them for gi\'ing of their "aluable time and knO\dedge, all prai.3e \,,'a due. In referring to the competition, aunt)' 001cer Dr. Rawl ence, remarked on the very high standard of the work performed that afternoon. Each team had done extraordinarily well, not one being allotted less than 80 p e r cenl. of the total number of marks that were obtainablc. Alderman Bagshaw propos cd a hcarty vote of thanks to the l\Iayor for showing his interest in thc work by attending that afternoon and presenting the a\\·ards. In reply, the layor said that he would like to thank the medical profes ion for it invaluable help. There wore a number of pectators to witnes the te t , including Irs. Cross, Servin~ Sister of the Order; Dr. D. Fisher, Vice-Chairman, Southampton Centre; ~[r . Twiss, Han. Secretary, Southampton Centre; Irs. Hare, Lady Supt., Bournemouth Corps; !\lrs. ]. Tosh Robb, ]. P., Lady Supt., 'Vool ston ' ursing Division; Lady Ambulance OOlcer frs. Coward, Southampton Nursing Di\'ision ; Lady A.mbulance Officer l\liss Pinder, Bournemouth ' ursing Division; liss H. C. Everett, Secretary, Calmore Nursin g Di\'isi o n ; and 1\1r. J. C. Honton. Ambulance Officer 'V. Butt kinuly acted as steward for the competition . Tea \vas sen'ed und er the direction of lrs. Rid ges. B.R.C.S. ANNUAL I~SPECTION AT CHELSEA.-Th e annual inspection of the County of London Branch of the B.K.C.S , took place at the Duke of York's Headquarters, Chelsea, on Saturday, June 25th. The Inspecting Officer was Li eutCol. Sir Harold Fawcus, K.C.B., c.i\l.G., D.S,O., K.H.P., Director Gelleral Army Medical Services. Later, Col. Fawcus presented the awards in connection with the various competitions held earlier in the year, and also the Voluntary ~ledical Service Medal- given for 15 years' efficient service-to the following- :- :\[iss O. F. Robinson, I.B.E., Commandant L / 130; :'Iliss ~l. Stony Smith, COlllmandant L / 150; l\fiss D, Steinberg, Assistant Commandant L /130; Irs. F, ]. Hobson, Assistant Commandant L / 150 ; liss J. c. Steinberg, Quatermaster L / 130; Miss H. L Stebbing, Quartermaster L 1150; l\liss E. Steinberg, Section Leader L /130; Miss F. vVestacott, L / 150; and Miss O. Ri xo n L /130. CITY OF PLYMOUTH V.A. D. INSPECTIO T. -The annual inspection of the five St. John Voluntary Aid Detachments of the City of Plymouth, was beld on June 29th. The vVar Office representatives were Major R. A. :\1ansell and Major G. E. L Simons, R. A.M.C., and they were accompanied by Mr. H. V. Miller, Senior Ass istant County Controller, Devon St. John V.A.D.'s, Lady County Officer Mrs. R. Balsdon, Assistant County Controller, and Corps Supt. W, F. Petbick, Devon County Staff, S.J,A.B. The detachments on parade and those in command of them were :-Devon/ l00, Plymouth Co-Operative (Assistant Commandant Mrs. M, Lawrence) ; Devon/ 112, Ford (Commandant Mrs. A. Carder); Devon / 114, Devonport and Friary (Commandant Mrs. ]. Abbott); D evo n/ 116, Sherwell (Commandant Mrs. H . Ha stings); Devon / 124, Plymouth Central (Assistant Commandant Mrs. B. May), Stretcher parties were provided by the D evon port Am bulance Division under Staff Sergt. vV. Smeeth, and the Devonport Cadet Ambulance Di vision sent cadets to act as patients. Following particularly searching tests in First Aid and

AID.

July, 1932.

HOllle Nursing, the In spect ing Officers expressed thcmselves a highly satisfied with the standard of eniciency. V. ,\. D. INSPECTlOl\' ,\T ImFF1ELO. The Count\' Controller, Brig,-General "V. andys, of York, and tl{c " Tar Office representntive, l\lajor \V,:'II. <lmeron, inspected the officers nnd members t)f the ilcOield Voluntarr ,\id Detachments (IS. 10 " and llJO, on the l'vening of June 8th. There were 55 member» on parack under their respective COlllmandants, ~I rs. ;\[, \\'aller, V .. \. D. j OX, and :\liss r. \Varel, V.e\. 0.190, and the inspecting OlTicer said that he was e~ceedin~ly pleased \1';lh the eOiL'ienc)' of th' members and thl keenness shown. Lady District OllicL' r :\[i '> G . .\"hberry and Lad\' Di\ isional urgeon Dr. :\1. R. PO\\ ell ",ere among those who attended to \\' ilness the inspcLlion. Items (Di~isional news and compelition~, social, intelesting duties, lectures, etc.)' for this page snuuld be sent to Ambulance SISler, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon SI., London, E.C.4.

July, 1932.

fetters

FIR S T

the

A I D.

p~~ctical course (part 2), was at first centralised but as t,r<llned office~s b?ca1lle available, was largch' hand/d U\ L:r tu (Oul1tyorganlsatlons. f ILord ?~den Powell has alway insisted that tilL: uhject

~ditot'.

We are in no war responsible fur the opinions expressed, or the statemenls made, by Correspondenls.- EDITOR.

It \\'a~,> rcirc:,hing to r~au in thec\pril issueof F'R~l . \Jl) that ,tl:L' ~L1rgct)J1,> of th(' Brigadc are l'xrected to work if thL'} JOII1 rls rank", allc.l that th~ day s arc passed whcn ther :ll"e ttl be plastered \\ ith praise and !latterr for duiner thei~ Juh. ' ':>

o . t ~e trall1Ing COursc is noL to devclop a .. stafr cor s" \v1~h1l1 the l:l0\.ement ; and thc instructors brin" oul rhis Olll t by remmdlng their classps that there are ple~t\' of me;l l In tIe mo,":emenl who are ju t as kCl'n as the\' - b tan: unable ~o give the time necessary for a COurse. -, u Thls scbeme of training has certainly raised thc "enl'ral stan cJ ard of technical elli' , . ,<tn d 0 f 1{e('nne s anlonff :" IClenC\, the men en~aged in the B . S ,:\I ~ ld I' O} cout. o\emen and 1 thinl' wou .la\'e the same effect on the OnJcL:r,> :lnd :\,' CO" the Brigade. ( .... s

, 11.1"thL' P:lst tilL: Brigade tl.'nc\eu to treat ih Surgeons like Il.IlC hl:-. :plll.le.d hah}. . 0 I welcOIllc til(' I-elllark of the Slllg~OIl-IIl-C1.lIL'1 ahout the dinicultiL:s ot thc rank and lile. SLI ltL:rL,\\ Itil Il~y thanks tu him for Illuch kind'" help surc t,1 l\lillL', lUlIrs slIlCL'rl'I.\·, -

!\Iatu,rall) such a course would be at iJrst larrrcl\ l!xl)cri lllLl1ta SlJ1ce I belie tl . I h " , ' " \'~, no ling 011 tlese lines has \ et bel'll ~tt?I::~=ed ~o: _ the Brigade !n connedion \\ ith its ci\ il ~~~;~~~e hlch should constItute the suhject matter of thL:

TIlE ROLE OF TIII~ BRIG.\DE SCRGEO~. 1)1·: \H SIH,

°"f

, \\

BIW .. \DE

I should like to add that 1 alll thinkin'r of com ilill r

SOI11~ ~o.les 01: ~he Organisa~ion of , \l1lbulan~ in Ci\

The Editor invites Note< on actual Cases-wilh special reference to good and bad points in Treatment-for inclusion in lhis Column, ,'\\ En FIH)~I

G \S I\)I<;O"I:-'l~. :-':ot long <1:-';0 a ",()man wa,,:t\\ akeneJ f["()111 sil-ep al Iwr home by the buzzing' of an ,tiarlll clock. ~11L' al oncc notl'd a strong. sillell tlf g;'s ; and sht.' kit as tlHlugh she had bL'CIl drugged, 'he m<tnageu to »trug-~k out tlf lil(' ht.'drL1l\111 and out of the house, and ran tt) 11L'ighhour;-; fl)r help. Then it was f(1unu that her hu;-;balld was uv:td in 11ll' kit c hen, whi ch \\ as full of gas; and all L'IYtlrl'> at rL' sllsl'itat it1n were of no a\ ail to restorL' his lifL'. P. '. (I';arnl."';), RLS l'l:lm FRO~1 HI \Zl~l. CtlTT \l"~ . Your reader will prohably hc interested til karn how a middle-aged man occupying a cottage ncar Tunhridgc \Vells, \\'a sa\'cu from hcing burned tl) death call) one morning, ,\ policcman on patrol hapPclwd to pass and finding the cottage \\'ell alit.:"ht, b) his '>houts, r(lused the only occupant, \\'ho was half sufTLlCated in his b 'drl)Olll 011 the top Roor. Further he urged the man to hang Ollt of a windo\\' while he scouted round to find a laddt:r, Then, despite the fierceness of the flames which badly c.lal11aged thc coUag the constable mounted the ladder and carried to safety his patient, who at this tage was in a cmi-conscious condition. -D.T. (Tunbridgc \Vells). DEATII AS A RESULT OF PEA-l '-EAI{. The sing"ular circum tances attaching" to the death of a Newcastle boy (age 8) make interesting reading for ;.tIl st ud ents of first aid. The boy's father and mother were in the market place, when their son came up to them, saying that he had a pea in his ear and that another boy (age b) had blown it in with a " plurrer." The boy was taken to a doctor, who endea\'oured unsuccessfully to remove the pea. ext day he was again taken to th;:; doctor, who advised hi removal forthwith to hospital where a Throat Specialist examined the boyan admittance and found a pea firmly wedged deep in the right ear. As it could not be moved, the boy wa later given an a nresthetic, and the pea was removed. At the operation there was found a large hJle in the drum of the ear caused by the pea, which must have entered with great force. The ch ild made satisfactory progress until three days later, when he began to show signs of meningitis and from which he died la ter. -C.S (Newcastle).

I \\ .l'> \ L'ry pkdSL'd tl) rl'ad in the. \pril issul' of FlHS'1 Ellis. Brigade Surgeons In man,\ IlhtalltL's, arc 11Ilt all that lhL'\ should be ' . \" ,I (\:U!l~ \ ~urgL'I)fl \II ,,'OIlW YC·lrs ~tanding, I cOllsidelthat DI\'I'>llln'> ,>llOuld , "LT ( tInt tlle'lr Su rgeon c\ oes t Ile , '1_ lhL' I \\nl ... Ie ll)Jltr:lL'tecl 10 till \\ hLIl he J'oilled lhe B<r'I,r" de I, If S h" ran "S . .<l • urgl.OIl dl~l'S IHH make the nccesary attendance~ I1LlI ~I\e t1l0. ilS:>lstancc c'-pected of him then tl ' snUllcr Ill' IS rl'lll'\ cd ul hi" nlliCl', the better.' le l~UI "ul":l'on -ill-Chid is v\'identh endeci\tlurinu to \'>t:lbllsh .1 L ILl~cr LLl-ll/1Lratioll bet \\'een "all urgcon .s " hf tl . hll ;:-""'ld'l .'11I (I 1 fIlr l)lll \\ .I'> I1 I' v Ie lllll ('\'cry success. .

o lers 011 thl

: \11), t ilL: art iclL' h,l Clll.

Clll';-"Ti

EARLIEST DE,-\R SIR,-

In hi s artidL' in :Llur JUIll' !lumber, Dr. Hammer point" \lut ot1icers \ b I I',' till' " cl nced. that man\ , . of llle t . J·'llll v .>.111 uanCe )llg.!. L' l1lu-.t I1;I\C kll, for [raillin'" ill the u e of the I d'd Illatcnal at lhL'il p en I - "'c1 \'a n t acre. I ' Cnllllll<llld , to thc 11est 11u bl'l c" . " should Ilk~ .tu '>~Ig~'est that the Brigade should~ldo 1t ,I s,Lhcl~1t.' fl)r tralnlll.g Its ol1iccrs, ~imilar to that e\'o!\'ed f~r tl~lL: IllLll lllgaged III the Bo: 'co ut :\lo\'c illent b,' Lor I laelcll 1\I\\"ell. " t

FUl'ther the 'e ' t'j' " [ .. . of '1 ""l'" t. I I I~d e IS not a SIIIt' Ijlla I/Oll for lhe is'>lIe .. , , lldllt to an oOlcer t h l 1 b I' 1l1Ore alld more 11' ." .. ' ,ou~ 1 e leve It I - a fact that o Illi s 'lppl) for a course each year. Tltl'

i'\. S, B, '·I~II:.R, .\1.13., U.S, Di\'. Surg-eon S.].,\. B.

~IETHOD

RE C CIT,\TIOX.

~he June i sue of FIRST :\.ID arri\'ed last \\'eek durill 'T questIOns and we at once espied Dr Flet'l ' ::> ab, b' . . l ler::. an ,,'er on til(' 0\ e su Ject 111 the Ouer\' Column It d·C.' d f I I d' . IJJere rom th · answer la Just giYen to a similar question and f . l: reason turned the class into a bible cla '1' or lhelt ' . s " lerelJ1 \\'e rene\\'ed acquarllltance WIth a gre~ter Textbook long neg-Iected ,. \ ou quote as the earliest method that' 1" . lehSlt 011 th.e. child of th~ Shunamite "'oman, 2 ;~~~f~'~\;~ 3~~ had gl\en the e<:rlIer cae of Elijah, Kings XTII 1lluoted b,r Ed\:'ard SteIdle in his" Aspects of Resuscitation I.', . t A ~IScusslon wa eyoked which pro\'ed intere tinD" '1I1'd In ' ructl\'e , b (

'I'll E .\ ,\113 L' L.\:\ L1-. "\1.\:\' 0:\ PC SLle D CTY.

~ ISSllec 1'. 1 ' llle! '' 1-sli'" Lt 1,\ I I1;tcIgc \I'om b\· the onicer L -d ML ell Powcll In I f ' . 01 ([\\"l rel f I ( s'. 10\\'0\ cr, rcqucntlj pointl'c1 out thal the tha't th~ t f:~ ,l~adg,e IS 11Llt h hall-mark of el1lciency, but shows Th, ' 1 10 hlCI h<:s t.'Ilc1t>a\ 'o url'd to make hi1llself efficicnt e \\ 10 l' Cl)UrSe I'conc! l d 'tl I' . . allo\\'<l ' I . . uc e \\ I 1 t 115 In mind al l pos ible l1 Le c<l ndic'la t )el(ll[g 1ll~dl' lor diffcrencc,> in the edu~ation of the < es. \\"l"Ile ,'lS. 0 1lC' \\" 110 1las heC'1l through the cn urSl'.)

King~\\'ood, Bristol.

f)1',\I~ ~II~,

i~ . If ~hlccal1c1idate h.as P<l'>::.cel all three part, a ccrtificate

subJect.-I am etc.,

57, Soundwell-road

Sl:RGEOX.

The L'OlllplelL' »thl'llle Ll)ll"istsof three part:,: (1) TI 11_" P,·tpL'rs til be \\ llrked durin!..' the \\"inter I1ll111tI1 ' aft, _, d . ec "1' . " ,< CI lea 111'" LL,: clln, ret llJlllllended bUl)f S. Thes0 paper are read c~ ~1~)'IU~IUd.1 t:'I~S: and rClurned fully and carefully annotated. 1'- : pl.letllal Course undL'I' C<ln\'as during' the SlImmcr <lstlllg aboul a fortni~hl, or fOLir week-ends' In tl1e f the Brigacleit necci not he under C<ln \'a I~or nee d .ctabse ? the s u 1 I . ' , I e III - I liller, Jut all essential, 1 think " 'o uld he tIle I' .' . toO'ethcr U I")' I . ..' l\lng . h Ull el" )rlg,ltl' dlsclplllle, of those en'Ya(red on tl;e llJUrsl' (3) -\ _. 1 ' . h( b , .. ' , ' pellO( Lli SI\: months ,>upen'isiOIl and fil1't11 . ;\CtOlllflclcnt.l al rcport 011 character, etc., b\, an on.!cer SupE'~io':' t le applicant. '

fl (nl~

~;ecla ) or ch,~n} Industrial) Life, and should be \ en' hrateful for ' the. Idea of oJlJcers ' :-.: 'CJ n1clll b l'r., or' t1 • . C'. 0 . ,-.S, ,111

D,·.. \I, ':> I{,

3lractical 3loints.

" Taking th~ case you yuote, the diagnosis read ' . behold the chrld was deau." He Ind bee d d ' . . . TI len tl'· . ( n ea sll1ce noon 1i' 1,1 lI~lp!tes a case of Resurection ,,'h ich ballles the skili f a rst alder these dars.

° .

In Elijah's case the diagnosis' reads- .' "and tIlL no breath clearly. an urgent case for Resuscitation. 10ft in him," Stdl, we are told, both cases re\'i\'ecl. No\,' a' to :\Iethod and Priorit\,. In each C"l ' 1I operator ,e stretched him elf ulJon til;' cll1'lel" eEl"" (I 1.:1 lL t' Fr 1 '. IJa1 t11-ee ,~m~sl'lo d- ~s la ,t WIce, With an illten'al, durin'" 'w hich he l \\ a "e In t Ie house. "

~IC .;:ness was so sore that there wa

,~'~e .may a.fely. a') Ullle the use of ome manual method o f al tlhcwl I'e plratlOn somewhat al o' 1 t S'l, , d . '. c c ..... 11 0 1 \ e ter. ;-; O\\"aa) s \\ e ad\ ocate perseyerance Without ceas ino' " '1, 't ~~:n:s ,we may err 011 occasion as I lJLli~~ b;l~~\': in a) \\ e not a~s.~ll1e also, that the manual method firs~ troduced b.' ElrJ <lh was Impro\'ed upon br Elisha ' much that by insuiTIaLion he cOI1\'eyed to the 'pat" t'. /n Sc) \~'hat \:' e nCo '" kno\\' to be the chief incitill!2' facto;C1·II11 rSe _uI11~lr~l~ IOn VIZ " c O ') TI' " _. , . E'. :', 2 · " lIS g<l~ 111 SUitable percentage was pre -e l1l In Itsha s lungs on arrl\,al owing to his ba\'inO" " . 11- d to the house" T I l ' . ~ \\ a .. e ,. " .' len WI)' did he "\\'alk hz the house" ?UIII~lg an lJ}ten'a l? :\Ierely to r lore the sllltable cOlldt"holl 111 1.IS O\b"ll . ungs as on his arri\'al since that condition no 1ollger 0 tallwcl. . \Valkin g is 7(1ork, which causes a rise of CO '"" 111 the luno' ' 1; '1 I d . . 2 pel cClltag-c ::> ( .1 ex la approachlllg -+ per Cl!l1t., this Elisha

FIR S T

had exhau ted by forced ex h a latation' as he ballooned the lungs of t h e patient. In thi act Elisha exemplified the expel-ime nt of ProL Y ande ll H ende r o n ,,-h o demonstrated that \yhen CO 2 was co ntinually an d forcibly expel led from the lun gs the incentiye to breathe w a lost. \Ve understand that t il pre ence of oxygen does not incite breathing, though it sati tJi breathing a lready operating and, further, since this sati faction may bring about a pau e ,,-hi h may rc ult in complete ce ation, it is imperati\-e that either artificial resp iration be resumed or CO 2 introduced to maintain the function of the lungs. 1\ 01' do w e think the CO 2 treatment necessary longer than to restore the functions . So Eli:.ha \yalked to re tore hi htnes . a.' he held no special in trument as \\'e ha\'(~ to-day . :\l eanwhile the patient was benetlting by the fir t app li cation, the repetition fina ll y establishing the rythym and continuity. The use of .) per cent., or more, CO 2 in the Carbogen treatment used increasingly to-day has shown remarkable re ult in tubborn cases of restoration and \\'e deem it not unreasonable to credit Eli ha with the introduction of the Carhogen treatment, primiti\'e though it was. The credit for the carliest method, the manual ant', we think goes tt1 Elijah. -Yours truly, " CLEI'II'L\."

LO~D01\

HOSPIT.\L.

SIR,One is surprised to find that not e\,Cll ambulance workers are abo\'e abusing- pri\·ileges. I feel strongly and rel' sonall} upon this point, and would appreciate your permitting l11e space to air a justifiable grievance . This arises fr olll the lectures which it is 111)' pleasure to gi\-e at the London Hospital Medical College. W hilst I delight in assisting my fellow \Yorkers in this manner, I do strongly dislike them calling upon me, often upon trivial pretexts, during the ordinary week -day . 1\ot only do these visitors hinder me considerably in my ordinary hu ines , but they often bother other members of the starr. - ,\ fact which is very displeasing, \\'hen one considcrs that these Lcctures nre only permitted through the kindness of Pr0f. " 'illi:1.m \Vright, Dean of the College. I must tilerdol e poir.t out that J can see no one unless by appointment previously made by letter. Co-operation in th is matter by am bu I unce worker \yould greatly assist me. - Yours sincerely, WALTER J. H .\RRIS, A . O.

:\IEDICAL PRACTITIONERS A

FIRST

AID.

DEAR SIR, -

As a member of the S.}. A. B. laity, I would like to express my opinion on the t"'\'O in teresting views published in FIRST AID of "Canadian 1. D ." and "Norman Han1Iner." took the liberty of testing the members of our Brigade with the sentence, v iz., "In both cases, o\'er-stimu lation of the motor area causes a compensatory under-activity of other parts of the brain, and so cau ses ' in sensibilit y,'" chosen Iw "Canadian 1.D." as a ll example of "over-head" lecturini or writing. Th e r esu l t was 100 per cent. good definitions, and I am not prepared to say that our members are so much higher in sch olastic knowledge t han any ot h er Brigade. Personally, I think the ','ery se nt ence is so 7l1ulhtlll in jJal'l'o as to be worthy of the wonderful "Black Book" itself. We find the presence of a medical lecturer tends rather to increase the class interest; the d eeper h e goes, the greater that int erest.

July, 193 2.

A I D.

1 am sure we wou ld prefer to ri sk a fe\\' "over-h ead" lec tur0s or writings than recei\'e continued \\'ord-for-\\'ord repetition; evcn theil, it depends entire l} on the st ud ent himself. H e may ask questions . \V c must, and do try, to carry out o ur \\'ork accord in g to Textbook, but sure ly that littl e ext ra kno\\'ledge of inn e r working and causes, so freely given by orman H ammer and othcrs throug'h your \illuable J ourna l, 11111,-;t greatly enhance, if only OLlI- confidence, in carr) ing out the wurk a ll ollcd to us, \yithollt crossing the line that marks the re_ pon'iibilitie of the doctor. One has on ly to read 'iOll1e of the question'i answered h) " N. C. F." to realie thaI it is desired rather ahundantly.TIIO'-;.

1 LVLEI Il'Hc.,T.

Cadishead, :\[anchcster.

Jul y , 193 2 .

FIR S T

Uniforms &, Equipment

DE .\R

MANUALS OF FIRST-A.lV, &c., By N. CORBBI FLBICHER, •• B" B.C .. B.A.(Caatlll), •• R.C ,!

lEST AND CHEAPEST HOUSE IN THE TRADE.

AID.

Send fop

PrlBe

List and

IUD. .

PatterDs to-

UNIFORM CLOTHING & EQUIPMENT, CO., Ltd. 6,10,11,Olerkenwell Oreon, LONDON. E.O.l. Telephone: Clerkenwell 6682 . Telegrams : Uolquip, London

SIR,

I rccentl\' attelllkd a paradc held hy the Sl. Jl)hn . \mhulance B-rig-aue in Londt)ll. Tl) a la: man it \\ as an

i111pr\.ssi\e :-.ight to '-;1.'1.' sO mall) mL'n and WUI11en \\ Illl arc \\'illing to de\ ole t Ill:ir time and enl n.~il·'-; tt) t IlL' sen icc llt humanity, witht)ut rcward. nut, surcly, 011 t'L'I'l'nlllI1ial paradc'>, \\'hen Ihe) arc on sho\\', thc), should lry ttl add hl, rather than dL'lrall from, the respect in ",hidl th ' puhlic hold them. The rank and file beIHt\'L'd \\'cll; hut much aU\·cr--\..· COll1ment was al-tlllScd ;tllwng Ihe '-;Plct.ttnr..; by I he sial kness of ,-;ome of the otlilTrs \\ htl \\,crl' grt1tJl1ld ttl~l'lhl' r l'l1 till' ri~ht l)f the paradc. \\·I.ik thl..' parade \\;t'-; all" altcl1'il)Jl" these otlicers \\'l're ..,Ltnding- in any tlld ilttillltk, \\·I..· .. c turning and chatting, anJ g-enL' rally hehilving likl' .1 nlllel, tilln tIt school children. \\'11\ is Ihis: Is it I1l'Cau"l' thl'\ ,tr\..· hadl\, trained, bccause I hl')- are lacking in l·tllll·l\..'S) htll h III I h~' ollicer in command and tL1 tllL'ir ,1\\' n n1l..'n. ,lr lwcaLhl' the\' think it hig tll rdrain from t,he) ing thv tllUL'1' "attentit'n" t~l which their I1lln L'tm f(1nneJ ': .-\s an old snldil..'r \\· 110 has scn'ed \\'ith t hl' .\rtilkn, till' 60th Rilll", and thL' R .. \. \I.l., I tlHlught that thL· . . l· ,li1icL·r . . \\ere un\\'orlll\- of theil- nlLn. I am nllW a ll1ellll1L'r llf the.Legion of Fr~)ntil'r,-;men anu \\C arl.' t' t1lhidL' ring, in Llllr squadron, asking a Brigade otli t cr to tl'at h llS first aid. !lut, after scein~' this parade J, for t)I1l', shall '-;l'C that this gL'ntk'man ("omes to us as an instruLlor onll and Ihlt as an Otlil·I..' r. ;\0 one admireo..; the work of th~' S.J .. \. B. n1ll1'l' th rtl1 1 do; as an org-anio..;atil)n it ha:. the rl'<.;pect and arkctionatc ~ratitude of the wlH)le L'ommunit)-. Pka"e puhlish this letter, I feel it \\·ill do 110 harm h)r certain j1eopk to SCl! themsel\es as others sec thcm. I t i'> such a pit) lhat the criticism of the crt)\\,d sllOUlu be aroused hy such a tri\ ial piece of -:areless slackness, \\ hcn, for lhe Brigade as a who le, the man in the street has uch admirat ion. Let no one think that I am laughing" at the Brigade; only at the beha\'our on parade of those \ery members of it whose deporlment and manners should he abol'c rl~proaclI. The parade gene l-ally was quite good, especially the nurses who were far betle r (because less conceited) than the men. Yours faithfully,

Gerrard's Cross Sl. J oh n i\l11bul ance Br igade h as instit uted first a id bicycle palrols ::l Iang the L o nd on-O:dord road on Sundays during the summer. Th e total SU111 coll ected by the Win chester Bra n ch, B.R.C.S., a nd the vVinchester Di vis ion, S.J. i\ .B. , on the occasio n of the joint Flag D ay h eld on Jun e 11th, a m o unt ed to £67 11 s. 2d .

omplcte Volumes can be supp li ed at 9s., post free. BindinCT

ase

0 ny, I -So ?

9d • pos t f ree.

EFFIOIENOY

D1\LE , REY~OLD & CO., LTD., 46, \:-';xox TREET, Lo:-.; DO:-'; , E.C.+. HOLlO-\Y

APPARTMENTS.

0l'(ifITO:\

D.I:-lSl<?:\, S.J .. \. B. -The Fourth .\nnual competitIon \\'111 be held t)n aturday, .-\ugu t ~~lh, 1932,. for .IJt)ughton Brigade Ambulance Shield. ,tluable prl.ll'~ \I'd I he ;l\\'<\rcled \\'inninO' teams 1st 2nd and 3r~. J nui\ 'idllills 1sl, 2nd, 3rd and -f~h. En'tr\, f~rllls on appllcalion to eCJ'etar) ergl.:'\. ' haw, -tS, Ho~o'htonroad, Thurnscoe, near RllLherham. ~

OLL,ER B.-\ D.-\GES FOR SALE.-B. P. C. Oualit~, \V (\..\; O. W), 1 in. x 6 yards, 7/6 gross . Good Qualit), (. .~. \\ . ), 1 In. x 6 yards, 6/ - gross. Post free . Other SIze /In proportion. .\ Iso good qua lity Trian<yular Bandaoes al -t - per dOLen, samp les 5d. each. Ca h:::> "\'ith ordet1\ epto Bandage Co., 46, Cannon-slreet, London, E. C. -t o

ROYPET[~IOI. ~TON V \\"Ill

SEC0.1',TD .\NN l AL Ai\lBl'LAl\'CE CO :\I?e held on . \u gllst 13th, 1932. sl~iunhle I?rr ~.es ~\'Ill be gwen, also lhe " Roy ton H ospita l" S e ld, fOI \\ Innll1g team. Entry form from G C le')'o' 22 Ul1ll11el'-lane, R oysto n, B arn ley. ,~~, ,

ERROIriS

FIRST-AID.

... net: post 2d. Brrors In Flrst·Ald Detailed and Explained. book giD IJ a el.a",,, i"sighl i"lo 1M ....11<0<4 a.,.d ditJicllltin 0) .m, rK""' CJ l,.,alm,,,1 by laJlm'II IIr.a" tlu otJicial T ,.1&tbooR itul/. " -LANCET.

"lJ

AMBULANOE

OOMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcher, Individ,ual and .Quest,ion-Six Folde~s). Price 04. each net, post, I ~d Ea~h. Folder containS speCia l article on C~mpet ltlon~ : -No. I, Training of C on . petiti on. Teams; ~? 2, Conduct of Team In Compeli tiOn Room; No. 3, Common Errors In C ompetitiOn; NO. 4, Furtber Errors in Treatment; NO.5, History 0 C ompetition Tests; No.6, Preparation of Tests.

WHER~FORII:: IN FIRaT-AID. Flftb Edition. Price II. 2d ., post free.

ANI:»

WHY

" Dllllcoltle. III lIt1Id, IIDd TrlllltmllDI .olnd by QDlIStloa aad laswer.

W, co",,..,,,d ."is boo;' to L'c: .... ' rs alld Sr .. tUli t s wAo will /fled it 0/ p,af

J,,, vi, •. " -FIRST AID .

HINT.

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLIES.

Post fr~e, 3d. Orderl, Dutlell Simplified aa l1 TdbDlated, wltb 4!ds to .emory . A ".osl compact b"oc"w ..., . . co"ta;IIs ""wc;, "u/wl ;"/o ...... ar;o,. "- PRESCR'RR~

FIR II T

A 10. llInslrated by 50 d lag. ams In Colonrs wltb Explanator; Letterpress. By SIr JAMt:S CA NTLIE, K .B . E., LL.D .• M .A., M .B . C.M., F.R .C.S., D.P.H .R . C.P. 7!d, aet; post free.

Mounted on Can"as , Roller t op and bottom. 255 . nel eacb. Post, I~. '. Hu,;"aa Skeleton, Iront view. 2. Muscles, Iro'lt view. 3. Hu man Skeletor. back. vIew oJ. Muscles, back vie w. 5. Tbe Heart an d principal Blood Vessels t. VIscera of tbe Cbest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of tbe Chest and AbdomeD (E). 8. Viscera of tbe Cbesl and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of the Cbesl and Abdomen (D). roo The N enous System. 11. Schematic diagram of Circnlatior. 12 . The Human Ear. 13 The Hnman Eye. 14. Median Secti on thr ongb Ski, I~. Median Section tbrough Head. . Female, 80S. n~th Foetus, 85 8. net.

Male, 80S. net.

ACCIDENTS AND

1,000 Pairs New Stretcher Slings '

1,000 EX-Army Ambulance Str~tchers A. FIR,TH, 20, Wakefield R,oad, PONTEFR,ACT.

EMERGENCIES.

Their Signs, Symptom .. a .. d "First Aid" Treatment. An IdealllIemorizer Quick Reference. By A . T . uOOl>II'O . With -Pre race by WILLlA~1 L r. cK L.R.C.P . & S.Ed., &c., and Jam; NlcoLsm;, M.A., M.B., Ch . B.Glas. III. 2d. n. t post rree _._ _ _ _

M. CA~VI.jLL. M.I(.C.8. t!ol' . FEW WORDB. (:looth tbonsanc) Re\'ised Wltb Coloured Diagrams. 12pp. C loto, 6d. Strong paper. ~d . P OS t 10: HOME. NURSIN8 IN FEW WORDS. '56tb lb ousand) Revised. With useful reference tables. 14 pp. Strong paper, :ad . POSI ]d. BANDA81NC DIAQRAIWII. 12 PP'-7" bandagi ng diagrams. witb notes. Strong paper, :ad . Post ld.

FIRBT

AID

HEALTH IN FEW WORDB. Oy Sir R. t1 FI~TH. D.P." P.R . C . S. 20th Thousand. P aper folder 3 in. and .. il •. Post free ad. eet.

"y THE

HOWARD M. PRBSTO~. D<lmo,.u .. a.o.. to 0.. Pol... t.chllio TR~A~GULAR BAND~8E: Price IS. net; postage , ld Its Application Accurately DeSCribed by Words and lIO Diagrams. T~E R~L.LER BAN DA8~. Price IS. net; postage, 2d. lis Apphcatlon Accurately DeSCribed by Words and T02 Diagrams.

FIRST-AID ANATOMIGAL DIA8R"M •• 13(1 to lund 14) on Rolin No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs I / ~ THE GO.PLETE MANIKIN. Price 2a , net; postage 4d

Post free, al. gd. net.

Systems of Body acc~r~tely i~dexe.d. Invall!able to Students of Anatcm} MediCine, FIrst-Aid and Allied Subjects.

THE WHOLE ART OF BANDA8IN8. THSItLA BOW8SR . Illustrated. P ost free, II. :ad. POGKET

6 /- to 20/- each.

Carriage 2S .

book that is selling by the hundred.

FIRST

AID

SERIES.

By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM. C.B ., C . M.O .. C.I.S., D.5.0 .. M.'. (I) P oisoning , (2) H~~ orrba~e, (, ) Insensib,ility, (4) Asphyxia (Suspeuded BI~!l1 . Ing), (5) Fractl:res, Dlslo.caLJons aud S.pralDs, (6) Wounds, Bites, Burns, Sc .. ld! R~pture and ,MIDOI: InJUries. The. Senes contalDs all tbe essentials of First Aid Printed on hnen-hned cards, 3* 10. X 5; in. Tbird Edition. od. net H ch postage 2d extra.

CARRIAGE PAID. 2/- pair; 4 pairs, 7 /-; 10 pairs 17/-

FIRaT-A.D.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS.

(J. \ R [) Re,-;idL' ncl" or lloking and .\ttl'ndance; terms moLlL'rillL' . ,\1 rs. \\ 'ille}, 7~, Dane Park - rODd, Ral11<;gatl·.

...

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES.

Orders ~houlJ be sen t to

HOME-NURaINQ.

Post free, ... ad. , r~~le~1 10 lItalSy, 'reatmllDl aDd ElamlaatIol lolnd lor lIonlor IItuDell l s W, tA o.. 1 dtJllbllM bOOR w,U b. 0, g .... a., urrne. I,. liu t ...a.,,.,,,C' 0/ , Ao., /0. w"om it ;s dllig".d. "-BRITISH MEDICAL J OORNAL.

KEEP your opies of FIRST AID clean and tidyha ve them bou nd. ~ 'end your copies for the last Volume (July, 1930, to June, 1931) and we will ret urn same bound in an attractiYe case of leather c lo th with the title of the publication in CTo ld letters ~n the front and ~icle and the eight poin~ed cross on front, [or 65., post free.

FIRST-AID .

Third Edition. Re\-ised. Price II. 24., post free. . Home·Norllng Simplified aDD fabulated. willi Aid! to .emor, . TAu bo04 wo"d..../ .. lly s;mpli/f.s a eompl• .1& s.bi.et a,.J s"o"Id b. r'M b .. ~ 1_ sl"d,,.t s."-L. 3r: N . W . Rv. GAZBTTIt.

OOMMON

P.\R.\I E.

Seventh Edition. P ost free , 18. 21S . Si mplified and Tabulated, wltb Alai to .emory. Col. S,,, lamu (alltbe c ."trib"tts a" i"t"od"clio" a"d w. ",dtJ"u Au K"fJ . of},,,io,, 0/ th. book. "- LANCBT. ~lrst.AI

Latest Pattern Ambulance Uniforms a Speciality.

Binding Copies of ,. F. A." O~

A I D.

AIDR TO NURSES

MEMORY FOR FIRST AID STUDENTS AIW D VBRNON NBWTON. M . R _ ~ •• (SD&' ). gd. net. Pest

JOHN

B~LE,

SONS

D4NIELSSON.

Ltd.

83-91, Great Titchfieid Stpeet, London, W ,1.

FIRST

~ueries

and J\nswers eorrespondents.

RE PIR.\TlO:--- .\S :.\ICSI .\L

DRILL.

Recently I han' had to teach some Rano-ers Artincial Re pinltion. :\s most First .\iders ~ind b this dillicult to do slowly and rlwthmicalh- it occurred to me that the Prone ·Pressure ~lethod co-uld bc done LO \,-ord After much thought the only \\'o rds J could get which seemed to fit the actions \\'e re "Rocka-bye Baby, on a Tree Top "-worked out \\-ith a watch with a se"cond:::. hand, pres ure i applied 14 timc:::. a minute. I teach it in this \\-ay-fou r, or more, Rangers a,> paticnts, the ~al11e number of operators. The latter it back on heel and !::>I a \\'1\' 1110\'e fonyard and appl) pressure on the \yords "Baby," "Blo\\'s,» "Break, " " Baby," thus : -

\\T. S. (Scarborough).

Slo\\'ly 1110\-e forward. Rock -a -b) e \\'hen the wind

Apply pressure. Bab\-

Blo\~'s

If the bough

Break

Dmn1 \"ill come

Baby

ILlw!\' back un heeb. on a tree top the cradle will rock the cradle will fall cradle and all.

"\Ve practised .\rtillcial Respintion to this 'o ng in our Nursing Di\'ision one night, and somc members who are dar sc hool teachers sa id the)' thought Artificial Respiratio~ could be taught as a musical drill to scnior students in schools. 1 shall he most grateful for your ,"alued opinion.

It mallers not how the method i taught pro\'ided that J11L)\ c1l1cnls and timing- arc correct. En;ry cnicicnt first aider probably has hi s (or hcr) a id to m Clllory and action. For Ro\ ers and other ) OUIl~· persons Artificial Rcspiration by ~Iusical Drill seems to me an cxcellcnt sug-gcstion.-r\. CORHET FLETClIER.

EXA;'IJIl'> ..HIO~ HO\\·LER.

:\1. R . (Cannon St. ).-At a reccnt examinalion I asked a ca ndidate whal would happen if I placed alai ge pad behind t lw knee-joint and nexed the leg on the pad. Hi s reply was as prompt as it was umusing-" 1 Ull r

7.uould compress Llze f>olt'liwl _lde7J'," Good!

J uly, 19.3 2.

July, 19.32.

the s [, in is the largcst organ. \ Ve ~hall be interestcd tL) kllow your \ i w~ on thi::-, point.

-2ueries will be deal t wilh under the following rules :I. - Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT A ID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E . C. 4. 2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the J (m m al, or, in case of Q ueries from abroad , from a recent issue . 3· - T he T extbook , to "hich refere nc e may be made in these colum n is the 38th (1928) Edition of S.J. A. A. Manual of First Aid.

: \RTIFICI.\L

A 10 .

Plea..,e lL'1I me in which class of I'ui"uns rou would place Petrol. I am pllZl'kd hcc<lll..,e n~cl'ntly 1 read in a lLlcal n~\\'spapcr that a J1lan drank Petrol and ., died from Cornlsin! Poisoning." 1 shall also he grateful if ) ou ",ill tell mc the k,tding signs and S\ 111pt0I11S of Petrol Poi'>Llnillg-.

The statcl1ll'ntthat paLienL Jied fn)1ll Corro,>in~ 1\li'>onillg is Ihlt corrcct, becau'>c Petrol does not" 'lduall} hlllll parts \\' ilh \\ bich it come,> In nlntacl" (Te;\.thook p. 17U). On tIll' contrary Petrol i.., an excellenl I'll1ergcllcy antiseptic fL)r \\ oUlld~, \\' hich are "aid to heal lIuickl} and rle.lnlyafter ~'..lch dre'>sillg. . Petrol is l'lassificd ,1I11ong thl' lrritanh Since takl'n b}' Illouth it is accLllllpanied b) inten'>e hurning pain in I1lLluth, ~ullet, and stomach alld b) the lI,>ual siglls llf grave n, II'LJ1'>l' "hich often pas'>e'> tL) coma. RecO\ lei} h:l" lllTUllld altel '>"'allo\\'ing- a pint 01 Pelroltak ...'n in l1li take f\)J gingl'l hcv I ; and the diag-nosi is facilitaled h) the '-oJ1lllllll thl' J1illiclll''-o bl-c,tth and 'of thL' \L)mited matter. ~.c. F.

Thc test i<; onc of those Illu..,t unsatiSfactory "Dead or [)\ ing" one.., \\'hich tcach nothing and te l nobody; and furtlll'r the carel of in . . trullions desene-, lo be framed. PL'rsonall), I think )oU \\-ere right to take charge of the razor, and I can l)nly imagine lhat your judg-es \\'anted you tL) sa) thal, lhL' patiL'nt heing dead, rou \\ ould not remo\'(~ the bod\' or interfere with the razor. So as the Textbook (Rule 1: p. 1X) warns you that death must not be a umed hec<lu'-il' ..,igns of life arc ab"ent, you \\'o uld nppear, 011 your ..,tall'Illl'l1t L1f facts, to have caug-ht your judges napping-. riul ha\ 'l' you tllL)Llght what \\'L)uld happen to you if your jud~e,> cOJ1lprl'ssed the pressure point5 of both your Carotid .\rteriL''-o:-- If 1ll1t , Ihen think this prohlclll out no\\'. - :\.C F.

. \~' no:-. TIlE.\ I\ILX I 01' l'O'l L SSILl'. Yuur an,>" el tL) a queI') \)1 thl tlb~l\ l' titk published in JUlle i..,suc of FIHsr _\In \\.1,> \ery Interesting. To your final '>cntcllcc I \\'ollid add "_11It1 so S(~I' all fit' us lI;cd/(-vc.l'." \\'hcn I am "slh\L'kl·d" 1 Iwpl' that thL' -fi rst aider \\'Ill) tn;,tts mc will kleL']1 ml' warm, all 0\ cr, please.

Thank,> for letter. ,>alllL' thing. N. C. F.

OF LL·:\'l.S.

S.c. (Paignt\)n). - I su-,peLt that an crrLlr ha crept into your an""L'r to the queI') 01 ablH'e litle published in June is'>uL' of FII~s I .\111, becau _c the context ,;uggesh that ~ Oll \\'rLlle at tll,,- cnd of your lir'>t paragraph "slo\\'I)' and SJ1loL1thl."" and not ",>lo"'ly and jerkily» as printed.

C. E. tDenJn).

Thank,> for lL'ltl'r. ha\L' supplied 111\ crrM.-:\.C. F.

)'llU

Your :->u:->piciL)n" are correct, and actu:11 \\'L)rd'>. It ,,-a _ a printer'.;;

A I D.

(2) Bc«{use hutll f!"ad url'", call IX' \\'1.'11 and L'/1il iln t h treated, as faJ' as lir'>l aid is concerned, h~ lhl.: n:<"Lllltlwn-t positon . (3) Because two arll1-&ling.., art.! cUllllwrsol1ll.:, yuill' 8.[1art from the risk of the larg-e arlll '>Iing- a~xra\·ating tIll' fractured c la\·icle. :\. C. F.

J. P. (Taunton).

The Textbook does not tell us to place it wedge between the teeth of a patient sufferin~ froJll COl1\·ulsion . . du' to a COl1\'ulsant Poi . . on such as Stn'Chnine. 0, as lh.:re is a \'aricd opinion, "'c a.k for "your ruling.

Yuu should treat on the same- lines as laid down for Epilepsy on r. 166 of Texlbook. - ~.C.F.

.-\RTIFICIAL

RE prR'-\'TlO~ I~ CO'IPETlTIO~.

T .}. (.-\l11manford).

In a recent competition our team wa-.: disqualified because we adopted 'chafer'" .\Iethod for a patient suffering- from .-\sphyxia due to Electric Shock. \\'herea the other teams were commended for adopting Sih'e ter' :'IIethod. \Yhat possible grounds could the judge ha\'e had for so di qualifying our tealll ?

One possible ground would be that you performed the method 0 badly that the patient \\'a adjudged dead. Othen\-ise, on your statem~nt of fact, and on the assulllptil)n that the competition \\'a cLlnducted on the S.].A._\. Textbook, the decision wa unju t, becau~e ih'e<;te r is no longer included in the syllabu .-~. C. F.

STRETCHER EXERCISE

~O.

l·F. (\\'orthing-).-\\,ith rderence to Stretcher Exerci..,e :\0. 1 ,\"ill you kindly explain the corrcct position for Dcarer

CO\'CL'SSIO~'

TRE.\T\IE1\ I 01

l)I'll' \1

I )UI .... llXI:>.l ..

"\\ '.C. (Prc'>ton). The Tcxtbllok on p. 156 lliis l1'o that in case!::> of Insen..,ibilit\ "a de'>ire to . . IcL·p ,>llLluld he encouraged, excL'[1l i-n ;'\an:otic Poi'>oning-,. a l'L)nditi l ll1 that ll1a) generall} be reCl)gniscd h) the h~stllr} .l'f the UlSC and al II lw the pupils LIt the e) c'> hC\I1g I1llnutely contra<'ted." The Te'thook L)n p. 171 110\\ Lli\ idl''> " l\arcotic.., " illtu three group'> in ,lcLLHdal1ce \\ ith tllLir kauing sig'n and '>)'lIlptOll1 s leep, coma ant! rOl1\ ul~ions.

Clearly the instruclion on p. 156 cu\'er~ the lirst group; but I am in doubt aboul its apr l.ic~tion to thc other groups of poisons. , 0 I pla~c.ll1r dlillcult) before you and ask the favour of your deCISion. The diagnosis of Poisonin~ is often <;0 dillic~lt and tl?e :lan"'e rs of Opium Poi oning are always SLl pressing that, 111 my ~pinion, i"irst aiders are wise if they' appl) the il1struclion on p. 156 of Texthook to all Lhree groups of arcotic Poisoning.-~.c. F. P I.AINT OF CO~Il' ETlTOI{.

~.B.

S. C. (Taunton) . -Recently we had a discussion as to which is thc largest on;an in thc body. Some named the li ver, others the brain; bllt uur latest recruit said that she once heard a well-known and popular lecturer slate thal

PEl rwr. PUISO:-'I>-L •.

\ \'.l'. (Prestun).

'ext, please! !-N. C. F.

LARGEST ORGAl'> 1l'> TilE BOD\'.

" R ender lirst aid; ..,tale \\ hilt l1Jel <luliun" } (lU would takt.! Hnd how you would act, and \.\'h) ? " . \ s mCl11hcr in charge of 111)' team I illll11cdiatcly compress d both Carotid .\rteries, uressed wound and handaged head we ll forward with a broad bandage ticd round the heau and li"ed to paticnt's belt, whilc J despatched two of Illy colleagues for doctor, ambu lance and policcman. I a]..,o took charge of the ra:wr with which had cut his throat for rroLection of m)' team and for e\ idcnce. .\fterward'> I \\'as censured by thc judges- (1) for Jl1l\\'ing tile ra/.l)r, and (2) for loading a dead man on a strelcher. Your opinion and judgment wi ll be much \'aILlL'u ,tnt! appreciated.

The dictionar\ ll:lb me thaL an organ i~ "a parL of t h e blld)' fille d for Gl;-rying llut a natural llr \ ita l upcration." So on this defin ition Illy vicws coincidc with those 01 )'Llur well-kl1o\\' n and pL)pular I('cturer. - ~. C. F.

CI.,\SSII· IL ,\ l'IOl'> 01·

FIRST

(Willesden) .- In a Divisional Competition recen Ll y we were h-iven a card of instr u ction, '""hic h read exac Ll y as fo ll ow : "You are cal led to a case where a person is fou n d with the ir Throal cut; when you arrive they are t ill brealhino- . by the time you have rendered Ilrst aid th patient Bi~s.

()r

nl~ \I~.

T..I. (.\Il1J1l[lnfl)rd).

Pleasc kll mc if it i" pos'>ihle fill' a pal i('nt t(l '>l1'>tain COI1ClI ....... ion of t Ill' Brain as the re"uh llf a hlo\\ on the lo\\'cr ja\\ \\'itlwl1l suffL'ring from Fractured Base l)f Skull.

Yes.

:\.C.F. FH,\CTL ' I~EJ) CL\\' JCLE

\ND

RIBS.

.\ .S. (Duncdin, 1 .Z.). - .\ t Di\'isional Practice recentl.\· the fo llowing test " 'as gi\·cl1. f\ boy is sun-ering frolll a Fractured Left CI""icle, anJ also Fractured Right R ih . \\'e " 'ere di\'ided in our opinion, a to the correct. lings . O~r opinion was that both the 1. J ohn and Large ,\ rl11 llllg, hould he used, as thL' fractures " 'ere left and right. Th other opinion \\'as tllat lings shou ld not be uscd, and that the left arm Iwu ld be put in position for St. J ohn ling and the I-ight arm jn position for the Large . \ 1'111 S ling-, both arms being kept in po ition by a broad ba n dagc rou nd t h e body. T h e patient \\'a kept in recumbe n t po it io n and treated ~or Shock. \V e app reciate ancl thank yo u for your an \\'er. . T h e test is a poor one by reason of nbsence of detail wh ich co uld h e lp us to decide which wa in fact the more serio u s inj u ry. On genera l gro u nds, ho\\'e \'er, I prefer ' -our scconcl suggesl io n . (1) Becausl' hock would be markcd owi ng to thL' prese n ce of t \\'o fracture, and would necessitate k eC'p in g- the pat ie n t on h is back,

~ o. :)'5 left arm when l;fting the patient?

The Textbook on page 194 states: "his left hand acros the pat ient' chest and under the right '-ohoulder." Does this Illean that Bearer ~o. ;3\ left hand "llOUld IlL' pas ed under the patient's armpit or, should it be kCI)t on the out ide of the patient's arm, thLls surporting both arm and shoulder? If the hand i passed under the armpit, it lea yes the patient' rig-ht arm unsupported; and, if hc i" unconscious, this arm is liahle to fall and hang do,\"n \\'hen he is lifted on lo the bearer' knees. .-\" the d iagram do not make the matter clear, and opinion I'> di\' ided, your kind ruling will be J11uch appreciated. The text is correct; and the diagram i incorrect according to the Textbook, though it conforms to thL' in lructiOllS on p. 92 of the JfaJlual 0/ Drill and Call1JJ/'71,~'' I t is a most curiou and interesting fact that, though this diagram has figured in the Textbook for Illany yeal- , the first person wilh in my recollection to direct attentiL)n to tllL' error \" a apparent Iy your elf in a query publi, hed in the eptel11bcr 1931 i - ue of FIRST Am. Clearly then you fnrg-ot that you had _ polled the error pre\'iou ly. - T\'. C. F.

FIRST

QUERY and

AID"

REPLIE~

COUPON.

To be cui out a ~ d r:"closed with all Que"es J ULY.

193 2.

FIRST

The Best and Safest

SKIN GERMICIDE An Aseptic Agent that chapms the Ppactitioner Free test supply on application.

Jul y, 1932.

AID.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRICADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

S.J.A.B. POSTER S

Regulation- Right! Quality-Right! Price - Right

STOCK

All Uniforms cut to Customer's own measurements

NURSES

COATS,

SPECIALITY.

Semi P. C. lor Price List and Sell-lIleasurement "ormS

8izes-40 in. x 23 in.; & 20 in. x 12 in. Printing Spaces- IS in . x 17 in.; & 9 in . x 8 in.

THORNTON

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

Especially suitable for advertising the Brigade Film.

co.,

TBLBPW' NB

No. 281.

YOJ.?KS .

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT, BY

Since the Introduction of this remarkable agent It has been put to the test by medical men and nurses In every part of the country. I t has proved itself thoroughly efficient as a skin bactericide and sterilizer and powerful healer.

CORBET FLETCHER, M A " M. B

M . R.C.S .

the book will be excrel11c ly u.,cful and ~ho uld be in the li brary of a ll ambu lan ce \\'l)rkl'rs." FII ~sr .\1[). ".\

it work of reference,

UNIFORM for all V.A.D. ,DETACHMENTS.

Consisting of Coat, Cap, Dress, Apron, Co llar, Cambric Cap, Sleeves, Belt, jor

£4 : 1 : 6

For ST. JOHN AMBULANCE SIST£RS

Prices 1/3 ana 3/- per Tin. 01 al~ Chemists throughout tke British EmDire.

M/,.NUFACTURING

CHEMISTS,

MANCHESTER, ENG.

Camp ising Co a t, rIal, Dress, Apron . Collar, luffs, Belt,

Gloves, for

PRICES, post free:

Large Size Small It

4s. per dozen. 2s.6d.

Remittances MUST accompany all orders

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon Street, London, E.C.4.

£3 : 19 : 6 NURSES'OUTFITTINC ASSOCIATION, Ltd. ST. JOHN COAT.

CARLYLt:!

UED CROSS APRON .

BUILDING,

STOCKPORT.

lO.,don: Abbey Hvuse, W estminster. S. \V.I. liver poo I : 57b, Rensha w Street. Manchester: 36 , Ki ng Street. Newcastle: 26, N or thumbe!land ~ tnet. Birmingham: 1, Ryder <:t reet. Sou'i:harnpton: 3, Abo\'e Bar Glas.go_: I", Union Street.

JAMES,

LTD .

H. K. LEWIS & CO. Ltd., MEDICAL PUBLISHERS AND BOOKSELLERS.

Send jor detailed price list.

COMPLETE OUTFIT FOR B.R C.S. MEMBERS

64, Hatton Garden, Lo ~ don

JOHN

AT A TOUCH!

(1925), Ltd.,

Proprietary rights in this preparation are not cla imed except in respect of the registered trace name "lodex," infringement of wbich trade mark will be rigorously dealt wi t b.

AMBULAI\CE ASSOCIATION, St. John's Gate, LONDON. E.C I.

ST .

The manufacturers will be delighted to send a generous gratis trial sample to members of the medical profession and to nurses and hospItal officials who enclo')e their professIonal cards.

The Veno Drug Co.

Antiseptic, decongestive and powelfully penetrating. "Iodex" is a first aid dressing par excellence. For applications in septic wounds, cuts, tears, abrasions, bru ises, burns, scalds, or strains, "Iodex" is the ideal antiseptic d ressi ng which meets all your possible requirements.

ME LEY THE

Mechanically, GERMOLENE i.s p~rfect, and I,ts appearance and texture have gained It hIgh encomIUms from doctors and (hemists. Milled to microscopic fineness, the Ing redients are held in a high-&rade cr~amy base w~ich spreads with ease, does away wIth meSSlDess, and WhICh, when massaged, sinks straight Into the skin, I?ores. Bandages may be prepared with the absolute mlDlmum of delay and trouble, and slight heat reduces the dressIng to the consistency of cream.

Sole Dtstyibutors.'

FOR

FIRST AID DRESSING

Ppice, 3 /6; post tr"ee, 4/~.

An added charm associated with its use Is Its soothing effect in the case of inflammatory pain, or in irritable conditions of the skin. F::lr the treatment of children's skin complaints it Is unequalled, because It does. away with the tendency on the part of the young patIent to scratch, and so spread or aggrevate the trouble.

IODINE

"Iodex" Iodine ointment is markedly antiseptic and powerfully penetrating. It is superior to all ordinary forms of jodine in its resolvent properties, its high therapeutic activity, its bJandness even on mucous surfaces, and its immensely wide applicabiJity. It is non-staining, non - irri tating, noncorroding and non-skin-hardening.

24, Commercial St., BRIGHOUSE,

A local printer can fill In the blank space with any required matter.

The advantages attending the use of GER~OLEN.E, the Ac;eptic Dressing, In hospital and domest.lc pr~ctlce are now almost too well known to need recapItulatIOn.

IDEAL

Large Stock of Books on FIRST AID, NURSING and all Branches of Medicine and Allied Sciences. Text

Books and all the latest works obtainable without delay.

ANATOMICAL MODELS, DIAGR.AMS and WALL CHARTS suitahle for Lectures. LANTERN SLI DES. WARWICK & TUNSTALL'S FlRST AID SER.IES (in Stock). Particulars of the above or of COLLIE & WIGHTMAN'S SERlES forwarded on application.

LONDON: H. K. LEWIS & Co. Ltd., 136, COW£R ST., W.C.l. T elephone-MusEuM 7756 U lines}.

Hobson & Sons (London) Ltd.),

J. AI WYLIE & CO ••

Manufacturers of Uniforms, Headdresses, Accoutrements for

MEDALS, AND

TROPHIES

SPECIAL OFFER of

LIMITED

QUANTITY

ONLY.

Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

BADGES

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed TROUSERSPrivates--13/9 per pair.

No. 458.-VOL. XXXIX.

ADDRESSPhone-Hop 0680 & 7065.

AUGUST, 1932.

suitable for

.. FIRST AID"

AMBULANCE AND SOCIETIES.

CORPS

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL. No. 17-

Bronze. 3/-; Sliver, 4/6; Silver, Gold Centre, 6/9·

Original Designs and Quo/attons post free,

Wholesale Priess to all "FIRST AID" SOCIETIES. Contractors to H.M. Ministry o( Munitions, Russian Government. &c.

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I.

FIRST AID

Wholesale lIIIalters of

London Showroom-

62,

HOLBORN

VIADUCT,

E.C.

NOTICE

READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

EDITORIAL.

Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers. All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at the address below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (11ot necessarily j or publication) by the name and add ress of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 4 6 , CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4. 7 elegraphic Address -" Twentv-four, London." 7 elephont-Central 1421.

CONTENTS

THIS

NUMBER.

EDITORIAL-

SURCIOAL

EQUIPMENT.

ASEPTO BANDACE COMPANY, 46, OANNON STREET, LONDON, E.0.4.

.. STERAID ' (Regd.) series 01 absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing The dress· Surgical Dressings. ings are placed in this Patent Container, which, bv a simple rotation, uncovers cnl; the quan· tity of gauze (H lint nquired; atter cutting tbis off, rotate the Con· tainer in tbe opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from ex· posure and retain their n~tural asepti~ condition. (Awarded the Certificate ot the Instztute 0/ Hygzene.)

Befope

SEND FOR PRICE

R.OBE~T

LISTS:-

BAILEY & SON, Ltd.

MARRIOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT ard at 137. Sentinel House. Southampton Row. London. w.e.l.

SURCICAL DRESSINCS, FIRST AID APPLIANCES, BANDAGES, etc., Ask us fop a quotationYOU WILL SAVE MONEY.

All Dressings are ot GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE.

"SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for receiv~ng soiled dressings, sanitary towel.s, etc.. Co~strncte? for affi.x~ng in any convenient corner, provIded wIth HInged LId .and SP~Ing Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releaSIng spnng, without being bandied. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. Wbite enamelled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS; SANITARY TOWELS; all c1lsses of FIRST·AID and SURGICAL .EQUIP. MENT, &c. Complying witb Home Office ReqUIrements.

pupchasing you I" supplies of

Best

Quality - Quick Delivery Lowest Prices. Sole Agents for tlte 'Well know1I

ASEPTO

INSTANTANEOUS BANDACE. THE PERFECT STERILISED DRESSING. SAVES

Prjn~ed and .t'ublisheu by DALE, REYNOLDS & Co., L td., 46, Cannon.street,,, L CI addressed. Telegrams---:- Twent.p·t our! London. d

TIME

WHEN

SECONDS

COUNT.

EC to whom all communications sbould be 0:;'d~nh . . 4Central I42I

1'Q be had of all Newsagents, Booksellers and Bookstalls In the TJulted Kmgdom an at a

rf-Ra7{;;'y Bookstalls ~f Messrs. W. H Smith and Sont>.

.J. A. B.

ociation The Ambulance ilIan in the Public Eye Colliery Ambulance Ne\\"s Carbon Dioxide Gas-a ;\lean of Artificial Respiration S.J.A. Brigade District Reports A hort Hi tory of the Royal Life a\'ing ociety urrolk and Coastal Town Competitions Priory for Wales Police Ambulance News... S. J. A. B. Over ea Railway Ambulance News Insect Bites First Aid and the La\\' Lecture in Elementary Anatomy... Revised Home ur ing Textbook... O"tailed l arking Sheet, TO. 37 ... First Aid Out of Doors ... . .. St. Andrew's Ambulance Associat ion Letters to the Editor Principles of First Aid Our Nurses' Pages

26 26 27

Annual Report of t. John Amoulance A

28 29

32 33 3436 36 37 38 39 4-0 41 41 42 43 H 45 4-6

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

Treatment of Creo;ote Poisoning Examination Howler ' Artificial Respiration with Pati~'nt in B~d Public Duty Problems Contents of Haversack ... Aut horised Contents of Pouch ... Qualification as Brigade Signaller Meddlesome First Aid ... St. John Ambulance Association Burns bv Corrosive Alkalies Another"Public Duty Problem::: Asphyxia from Am monia Fumes Treatment of Corrosive Poisoning Legal Queries . .. . .. Red Cross News

P~ICE THI{EEPENC E [3/6 PeR ANNUM, POST FRl!e

The

TelQpbone- 0340 CltV.

North of England Office: 22, YORK PLAOE, LEEDS.

Entered at ] [ Stationen' Hall

48 48 4-8 48 48 48 48 48 49 49 49 49 49 49 50

GREAT progress was made in A:\,NuAL REPORT the Brigade last year, accordOF TIlE ing to the first an n ual report of S .J. A.B. lajor-General Sir John Duncan, the Chief Commissioner. The number of ambulance and nursing divisions increased by 39, and boy and girl cadet divisions by 26, the increase in ranks being 470 men and women and 183 cadets. The strength of the Brigade is now 1,833 divisions with a personnel of 55,591, and in addition 38,':) cadet divisions with a personnel of 7,539. Of the work done during 1931, figures show that ~ 16 am bulances were in operation, and 80,586 patients carried to and from hospitals or nursing homes j this figure represents nearly 100 per cent. increase on the previous yea r. The number of cases of acciden t or sudden ill ness attended was 386,283, showing a decrease of over 63,000. Attendances at civil hospitals numbered 13,095, whilst 7, +44 attendances at provi ncial hospitals and Girl Guides' camps were arranged. The road accident service is now becoming one of the main features of the Brigade work, and the Chief Commissioner reports that from Easter to September of last year no fewer than 6 8 roadside posts were in existence, an increase of 138. The n umber of cases treated also shows a great increase, 11,859 cases receiving attention, as against 6,082 in 1930. That this section of the work is becoming more and more important is amply substantiated by these figures. The report concludes by the Chief Commissioner alluding to the increased support and recognition of the municipal authorities and the police. He also extends thanks to all members of the Brigade for the exemplary manner in which they carried out their arduous duties.

FIRST

St. john J\mbulance J\ssociation.

August, 1932.

A I D.

The Ambulance Man in the Public Eye. A SEQUEL TO The Ambulance lIfan on Public

BRISTOL. - The annual stretcher competition for the six cup of the Centre, was held at the Zoological Gardens, 011 Saturday, July 16th. The judges were: Dr. H. G. Kyle and M. C. J. Packer, " Beavis" Cup; Drs. C. C. La\'in~ton and A. P. Corham, " Squires" Cup; Drs. N. K. Kettlewell and D. H. Beal on, " TO\'ice" Cup; Dr. F. Bodman, "Walker" Cup; Drs. J. Norton Evans and ,\dams Dalby "Mather" Cup; Drs. C. E. F. Sutton and Lawson Roberts, "Lavinglon" Cup. Fifty-eight teams entered for the various cups, this number constituting a record. The results were :" Cyril Layington" Cup-Avonrnouth Dock TO. 1, 169 points; Bristol Loco., 167~. " lather" Cup-G. \V. R. Pilning No.2, 178; Redland TO. 1, 166. " Novice" Cup- G. \V. R. Pilning No.2, 1-1-1 ; Redland No.1, 140. "Beavis" Cup-Fishponds Diy., 196 ; G. V,/ . R. Pilning o. 1, 190. " 1\1rs. Squires" Cup-Bristol Loco., 176; A\'onmouth '0. 1, 169. "Horace 'Walker" Cup-L. 1.S. Railway ladies, 1S1~; L. 1. S. Railway Accounts, 150. Prizes were distributed by lrs. R. E. Bu h. Dr. Kyle remarked on the high standard of efficiency displayed. 1\1r. Nicholas proposed and Ir. Senington seconded, a vote of thanks to the judges. Thanks were also accorded the secretary of the Zoological Gardens and the stewards. The arrangements were capably carried out by 1\11'. \V. C. Hawkins, han. treasurer, and Ir. A. E. O. Webb, han. secretary. VANCOU\'ER.-In lhe early part of the year, arrangements were made to hold a first aid course for operators of the British Columbia Electric Railway in the Fraser Valley sub-stations, under the instruction of Iotorman S. Cain, who has directed the first aid activities of the B, C. E. Railway employep-s with outstanding success ever since this valuable work was undprtaken by the Company. These classes were well attended and at the examination, 18 members passed. The B.C.E. Railway first aid teams have done well in competitions this year. In the contest for the" l\lal1{in" Cup, the ladies team secured second place, and were placed fifth in the Daily Province Shield, open to the whole of British Columbia. The men's team achieved a splendid result in winning, for the fourth time, the Vancouver Challenge Shield. In the Daily Prov ince Shield contest, they were a warded second place.

--_. _ .---

As a result of a meeting held on Tuesday, July 26th, a Division of the S.j.A. B has been formed at Attleborough. Dr. W. T. Macnaughton will be the Divisional Surgeon with Mr. H. Gaskin, Ambulance Officer and Secretary. The Centenary Book of the Centenary Celebrations of the Order of St. John held last year is now ready. Copies bound in kid vellum cost 7/6, and a cheap edition in cloth 1/-, both post free. Applications should be addressed to the Director of Stores, St. John Ambulance Association, St. John's Gate, London, E.C.1.

When correspond ing w ith advertisers me ntio n "FIRST AID."

kindly

Duty. By NORl\IAN HAMl\lER. (COIlc/udal/rolll Pal{" d j.)

The right band should be brought in a side circular movement round to the right side o( tbe cap peak; the fingers exten led and in line, and the thumb parallel with the finger. The elbow should be bent and in line with the body, and the forearm horizontal. The arm and hand hou ld remain in this positi n (or as long as it takes to count two. Then the hand and arm should be ut away straiO'ht to the side by the shortest r ute. The coming up movement is ~lo\\' there is a pause- and then a rapid cut away straight d wn. The" up" movemen t is a em i- i rcle at the ~ide the" down" movement a traight lin. On being" fallen in" in line eith r bdore or after a duty, the picking up of dres -ing is one o[ tho e little things that tell. I sa\\' the" King' quad" of the Royal '0Iari nes [rom Deal d a mo t marvellous sho\\' at the Royal Tournament at Olympia. Their dressing wa parti ularl), good. As soon as, at the com pletion of every m vem nt, they came into" line," I\'o. 1 of ach rank tood fast, and the remainder at on e took up their dr sing by him, in order, i.e., No.2 turned head and eyes (NOT trunk and belly) to the right, took up his dressing, and then turned head and eyes to the front. As soon as he had done this, No.3 did the same, and so on. The effect was v ry good especially when seen [rom the rai ed seats around the arena-one could see the white cap vers, z'1l order from the right, turn right and then to the front, so that a ripple of regular co-ordinated headmovement took place. Now thi simple but most effective movement was done simply, quietly, and with only one quz'et word of command - " Right dress . " Th~se little points :1. Obedience to a quiet, calm order, 2. An easy but not slummocky stance when posted, 3. The "Attention" position when addressed by an officer, 4 . A correct, unhurried salute, S. Quiet, efficient dressing, are important for many reasons-one of their values is that they are points that, if insisted upon, breed self-respect, self-control, and lead to what we all desire-easy, fiext"ble, reliable discipline. And upon the discz'plz'ne of any organ£sat£on depends whether £t w£ll stand or c1'ack under straz'n. Now a word as to the officers and N .C.O.'s.

August, 1932.

FIR S T

Too often we see bad discipline, and in so many cases observation o[ the officers and N. C. O. 's tells US why. \life have deal with the question of a superior's responsibility in givz'lzg an orde1". The 'lvcry in which it is given is important. An order at drill and when moving a body of ambulance men who are" fallen in " is quite a different thing [rom an order to an individual ambulance man on a question of first aid. The first should be clear, d isti nct, and gi ven ina voice varied to suit the circumstances- distance, noise from moving motor vehicles or mach i nery, music from bands, etc. The second is a pel sOllal order, and should always be clear and distinct to its recipient, but should not ha\'e the harp commanding note of the first, nor need to be 0 loud that it carries any further than it need. A good order displays the good offi~er, and vice versa. The a/llillde of the officer matters as much as the atlitude o[ the private when posted. An om er, if posted, hould obsen'c the same rules as the private. An officer, when giving a word o[ command to a body of men "fallen in ' should always hims If b at the " ttention" position ",hen gi \. i ng the cOlllmand. j"eglect to observe tizis pO/Ill SllO'll'S bad Ira/l1lll.!?, and complete lack of knowledge ([lid l',\j)(:r/C'llcC' oj a/I In'llds oj dr/II. Sa/ulcs from subordinates must be punctitiousl y retu rned. A fi nger to the cap peak or an upward-nicked can i an insult to the man who has just salut d you. The origin of the salute is interesting, and sho\\s that a salute is no O'esture of servitu Ie, but the greeting of one free man to another. The earliest salute was a raising of the right hand, palm foremost, to show that it was a greeting of peace- the weapon hand \Vas empty. , ' 0 neglect to properly return a salute is an act of discourt y a bad as goin a to bed with spurs on. Obviollsly, we xpect our men to wear their clothing and equipment correctly- Jet us see that we are equally correct. The weari 11 0' of the officer's great-coat with tOl hook and buttons ~llZdolle and the lapels turned back is a privilege, In the Army, of General Officers, and, in the Brigade, of Staff Officers. III my opz'n/oll, it 'lS always lIlZtzdy. \Ve wear great-coats of Guards pattern - I am sure it is much neater with all its buttons, and its neck-hook, done up. Have you seen a Guardee with his overcoat open at the neck? I cannot imagine it. Further, we should be most annoyed if one of our merry men tu rned up weari ng brown boots with uniform. Yet I have seen officers wearinO' single stick-up or butterfly-winged collars instead of the regulation" double stand and fall" white linen collar. This is just as great a howler. Now, our men are the salt of the earth, and we have the privilege and responsibility to see that the salt does not lose its savour. These points may seem to be unduly militaristic-but a ll

A I U.

are of value in fostering that intangible something that kept the troops steady while the "Birkenhead" ;~en.t ~o,w~; .that something that kept the Tltan.lc s Wireless operator at his post; that something that gave Captain Oates and I\"urse Cavell not ignoble deaths. Discipline is organised self control and organised self abnegation. In the St. John Ambu!ance Brigade devotion and enthusiasm are not lacking in its individual members-let us foster the team spirit so that our un its work as an organised, well-directed and harmonious whole. Not once but many times the Brigade has shown that the spirit of discipline is alive and active-in railway accidents, in those terrible calamitous disasters that from time to time show that coal mining is a hazardous as well as a laborious employment- in this and the other catastrophe. Let us keep that spirit alive. Don't forget- an act breeds a habit, a habit forms a character-in organisations as well as men. ~Ve wear a Sain t's sign as our crest; and obedience and self forgetfulness were attributes of the Protomartyr. After all, discipline just means being a disciple.

Colliery News. CA;\NOCK CHASE. The annual competitions for collien' teams of the Can, nock Chase were held at the Cannocl-\: Cou~ty i\linin o' ColleO'e Twenty-fi\'e leams competed. to> b . Drs. J. Stewart (~Valsa1J 'W ood), J. G. Mitchell (Hednt::sfor~), and D ..T. l\lc.-\1I1sh (Cheslyn Hay) officiated as judges, whd t lr. Richard Payne, principal of the colleo'e was in charge of the arrangements. to> , Th~ markings were very remarkable, in so far as two team tied for the first, second and third places. Cannock and Rugeley team and "'est Cannock team eac.h. gained 226 marks for the first place, and a further competition, held at a later date, was arranged to decide ",hich team should hold the championship shield. At the second attempt Cannock and Rugeley team ,,,ere successful O'ainin o' 253 marks as against 22-1- a\\'arded \Ve t Cannock. ' b b

]\10

i\10UTHSHIRE COLLIERIES.

The final competition of the Monmouth hire Collieries Ambulance League for the" l\lartin" Shield and Junior Cup took plac~ at the 'Welfare ~all, Ebb\\' Vale, on July 2Jrd. The Judges :"ere: Senior, Dr. A. \V. Anderson (Og, more yale) ; Juniors, Dr. 1. Robertson (Treharri ). Eight teams compeLed in each section these beino' the winners of lhe preliminary contests in their ~'ariou dist;icts. The results were declared as follows: " larlin" Shield Pochin Colliery (Tredegar); Junior Cup, Vi\'ian Collier;' (Blaina). Sir John Beynon, Knight of Ju tice of lhe Order of St. John, pre en ted the trophies. I.t was reported that the preliminary contests had a tTain !)een Judged Dr. ~. Hamilton of I\ewport, who had a~ted 111 that capacity, conlll1uously for 26 years. This is probably a record in the ambulance world.

FIRST

Carbon =Dioxide Gas- A Means of Artificial Respiration. By DR. GILBERT BURNET, l\I.C., Hall. Clu'ej Surgeon, ~Yaliollal .Fire Bn:~ade~' ~-Jssocialioll.

I "'VAS asked by a Graduate of the Instituteof Fire Enaineers to give an opinion concerning carbon dio~ide and the principles of Respi ration, and to indicate the uses of this gas during the administration of artificial respiration . Having answered him hurriedly by post, I allowed myself to dwell on thE; question to such an extent that I considered the subject a suitable one for publication. I n order to understand it thoroughly, the nature of carbon-dioxide and physiological action must be considered. \Vithout going into its detailed chemistry, it must be recognised as a heavy gas. It is not poisonous, except so far as to be capable of displacing, by reason of its weight, all the oxygen of inspired air. For the purpose of this article, two other facts only need be mentioned: it is given off when carbonates are decomposed, and it is present wherever there is animal or vegetable life. This latter statement can be realised when it is pointed out that the intake of oxygen (free or combined, in air or in water), and the output of carbon-dioxide is an essential result of cell life. Even in the process of fermentation of alcoholic I iq uor, we have an instance of the consumption of oxygen by living cells and the subsequent output of C02. In animals which have millions of cells and groups of cells in their bodies, a highly specialised system is required for the conveyance of oxygen to, and carbon-dioxide from, those cells-in vertebrates lungs, in fishes gills, and in insect trachece. We take into our lungs atmospheric air, consisting roughly of 20 per cent. oxygen and 80 per cent. nitrogen; we breathe out the nitrogen practically unchanged and only about 17! per cent. of the oxygen. WHAT HAS TAKE PLACE DURI RESPIRATORY ACT?

G THIS

The oxygen of the inspired air is drawn into the minute air spaces of the l'lngs. These "al veolar spaces,)' as they are called, are surrounded by circulating blood which is separated from the air space only by a delicate membrane. Through this membrane the oxygen penetrates and forms a chemical com pound with the hcemoglobin of the red blood corpuscles. This oxygenated blood rasses along the pulmonary veins to the left side of the heart, whence it is pumped through all the arteries of the body and is presented to the tissues.

August. 193 2 .

A I D.

The tissue cells onsume the oxygen and gi ve off carbon-dioxide. Of course it does not exist here in the form of aas , for the blood absorbs it in the form of .a b readily disintegrated carbonate and conveys It alona the veins to the right side of the heart. The venous blood is pumped from the right side of the heart to the lungs for the purpose of oxyg~nation of the rpd blood corpuscles, and on rea h Illg the air spaces the carbon-dioxide is given out as the oxyaen is taken in. The carbon-dioxide is passed out from the air cells during expiration, with the result that the expired air contains roughly 17 ~ per cent. oxyaen and 3 per ent. carbon-dioxide. One important fact must be noted here. The carbon-dioxide in the form of carbonate circulati n a in the venous blood around the air c~II~, require' to escape into th e air cells. The amount received into the cells will uepend (among.st tiler things) on the pressure f carbon-dioxiue alreau), in the cells. The small r the per ntag presure of carbon-dioxide in the cells, the larger will he the escape of it from the blood, and \'ic \'crs<1.. RATE

RE.'PJlL\T10:-;.

As ev ryone know, the fr quency of breathing varies according to mu cular rrort. t re~t, an average man will take about 1.? to lH breaths per minute, but this is influenced in mallY ways to vary considcrably. The more \\ ork th re i~ dOIlC, the more oxygen r q L1 i res to be con~L1med. JO\'E.\lE J T"i

RI-:"iPIR\llo:-;.

The movements of respiration are carried out by the relaxation and contraction of the muscles of the chest wall and the Diaphralll. Thesc muscles are controlled by motor nerves, anu are in common with other similarily supplied 11111 c1es, under the control of the will, but only within lim its. 'Ioreover, d uri ng sleep these same muscles continue the respiratory movements in a rythmic manner. I n oth~r words, the m07'emellts oj respira!z'on have a double con/rot; a voluntary but limited one and an involuntary one. The First Aider is not so much concerned with the voluntary as with the involuntary movements, as say in dealing with an unconscious or semi-conscious man. These involuntary movements are automatically carried en through. a special group of cells in the lower part of the brain, with which the motor nerves concerned communicate: this is called the Respiratory Cen tre. If this area is injured or temporarily put out of action, automatic breathing stops, with of course fatal results unless the movements can be carried on until it recovers. Consequently, it is most important to appreciate how the Respiratory Centre is inB uenced. (To be concluded.)

August, 1932.

FIRST

The

Brigade

S t.

AID.

f ohn

Ambulance

Dzst'rzct Reports.

No. I . (Prince of Wales 's) District. SOUTH,\LL.-An interesting demonstration of methods employed in dealing with accidents was o'iven by members of the 'outhall Ambulance and ursing Divisions at Southall, on \Vednesday, July 27th. The display was witnessed by a number of the public and members .of the Council, including Mr. J. A. Saxon, J.P., the Chcur1nCln, too'ether with l1rs. Saxon. Artificial re piration, dressing of wow1ds bandagilw broken limbs: company and stretcher drill, ba~dage work and bed-I11~klng \\ ere excellently portrayed. Coul1clllor ]. A. Saxon presented awards o·ained in examination. In doing so he stated that first aid was becoming lllore and more important. Tot only had member~ to deal. \\ ith traffic accidcnts, but they were up agalll t the ., Jay walker "-people who ru hed across the !:>tn:et without looking right or left. The members of the Bri''-adc 'howed a great spirit of sacrifice and ser\'ic~ in making themseh·e efficient and in attending \'anous ports, fete and outdoor functions. Mr. Saxon pleaded fo~ more consideration from the promotors of such functions for thc comfort of ambulance 'workers attel1di~l~ .. lIe referred to the work performed by the Incal un'l'lOlls and cxpre cd appreciation of the efficient cllsplay they had ginn. , \s t. - Coll~ll1issi.()llcr .]. \\'arren proposed a vote of [!,allb to (Dullcdlnr Saxon for his presence with Mrs. ;--;aXfln. . A bOUC(Ud \Va presented to Mrs. Saxon by little ~~IS" Rona Hoot, and 1\1r. Saxon in reply to the vote Cl\ [hank c.(Jl?g-ratlilatecl the officers on the present high state of effiC1cncY. . .The ~fth Cln-Ilual open ai r sCn'ice, organised in COllJlt11~,tl,!)ll With the Southall Loc1o·es of the RA.O.B., will, It \\ dS anllounced, he helel on Sunday, September 17th in Southall Park ) SOUTHERN R\ILWAY CORPS (OUTIIERN).-The annual fI~g day was held on Saturday, July 23rd) anel resl1.lt~d. 111 a profit of £70 as. lei. Flags old by the four Dl\'ISIOllS of the Corps totalled £73 13s. 8d. and the only expenses incurred were printing box cove:s) 16s. 6d. and fla~s, emblems and trays, £2 17s. 1d. makincr a total expendIture of £3 17 . 7d. ) b . ~his ~orps, it is annollnced) will be holding, in conJunctIOn wlth the \tVestern Section, an " Ambulo'amia" at the Sydenham and Forest Hill Social Club, Syd~l1ham on Sh1.turda y , September 17th. The Club officials have lo~ned ~ e I ~orp~ the use of the entire building and grounds. cnc u e.d. 111 th.e programme will be fi.rst aid and nursing ?mpet~lOns (1l1te!--corps), games, cabaret show and dancmg. uller particulars will be announced later. No. 107 (YOR.K ROAD, L. .E.R) DIVISION.-The An-

l1 ual S~lmmer Out1l1g of this Division took place on Satur-

liY .a ternoon, July 9th, when member proceeded to

af~rtll1gfordbury.. A c.ricket match was played in the .ernoon, folI~w1l1g whIch some of the men went for a SWlm up the flver. After a meat tea ~t the White Horse Inn, an impromptu concert was glVen by the members themselves ,

the music being supplied by the cJivisional band-" The 107 Boys' Dance Band." . The outing was a great success and was thoroughly enjoyed by all. A pleasing little ceremony took place at a dinner held ~y the .staff of o. 1 District on the night of the annual l11specbon. At that function the Commissioner, Lieut.-Col. F. A. Brooks, in the name of all the staff presented to Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher a handsome silnr cicrarette box to comb l11emorat~ his promotion to the high rank of Assistant urgeon-m-Chicf.

No. I I. Dis tric t. B.\XB~RY.-:T?~ member of the Banbury Ambulance and ursmg DIVISIOns attended, at the inyitation of Col. H. ~. Du C. Norris, Diyisional President) the morning s;~'Y1ce at St. lIary's Church on Sunday, July 10th. The \ Icar of .B~~bury (the Rev. A. L. E. \Villiams), Chaplain of the Dn'IslOn, preached the sermon. Arri\'ing a.t ~he church the parade was receind by COlmty CommlsslOner Dr. Audland and Col. Norris. Those on parade included the Diy. Surcreon Dr Give Gardiner-Hill, Div. Supt. E. F. Cawse. Amb.' Offi'cer H. Bagley, )'1rs. Gardiner-Hill, Amb. Officer and Mrs. G. Barrett. The Vicar gave an inspi ring sermon taking for his text I have been young and am now old." .. i\fter the . service the Ambulance and Nursing. ~I\' l Ion were 1l1sp~cted by Dr. 1\~d!ancJ on the village ;:, reen anel he complImented the DIVISlOll on their smart appe~rance and especially 011 the way they marched that morl11ng. Col. orri then entertained the Division to refreshments at the Red Lion Inn, "'here 11r. and Mrs. \Villiam Stubbs had made excellent arrangements for the men in the yard and for the ladies in the oak dinin o' room. . A very pleasant hour was spent and cheers were gwen for Col. Norris.

No. III. Oistt-ict. . I?UDLEY.-The annual inspec.tion of the Dudley and Dlstnct Corps \Va held, by k111d penni ion of the Governors, m the grounds of the Dudley Trainin o ' College on Saturday, July 16th. ;:, . The inspecti1: o · officer wa.s Commissioner lIayor J. 01 ton, l\I.D:, assIsted by ASSIstant Commis ioner F. F. Ie Souef SlInp 011, District Officer H. H. VVilkins and County Surgeon Dr. H. C. Darby. In the unavoidable absence of Corps Supt. C. Ollis, who was taken ill at he.adquarters, the parade. was commanded by Corp Tl eas. J. A. Harns, assIsted by Corps Sec P H Schofield and Amb. Officer]. \tV. Tolley. '" The parade \\"as mar halled by Corps ergt.-l\1ajor H: \tV ebb. The numerical strength of the parade C011tItuted a record for the Corp there being a total number present of 207. Follo\'.-ing the inspection and various exercises a hollow s9uare was formed and the Commis ioner presented thlfteen bars and badges for long service.

FIRST

Dr. Orton, in a short address, complimented the Corps on their mart appearance and on the work done during the inspection. . Asst. Commi ioner Simpson thanked the Commissioner for the service rendered that afternoon and for the encouragement given. The Corps was then reformed and marched to the Pari h Hall to partake of tea. . 11r. Simpson presided at the subsequent proceedll1gs. He regretted the ab ence of Corps Supt. Ollis and hoped for his speedy recovery. The " Joseph Pritchard" Shield for the runncrs-up in the County ur ing competitions had been won by the Dudley team and the As t. Commis ioner presented the shield to Lady Supt. Miss Ollis. The County Shield for ambulance divisions was won by Stourbridge, but no individual prizes had been given, and therefore miniature were handed to the team by 1Ir. imp on. The team consisted of CorpI. 'V. Thatcher (capt.), Pte. Lamb, v\'yatt, and Sawtell, and Hon. Sercrt. A. E. Roden. STOURBRIDGE.-The gratifying total of £3-1- lOs. IOd. was realised as a result of the annual flag day collection of the Stourbridge Division, which was held on July 23rd. Facilities were afforded by the local works and cinemas for collections to be made on the premises and the effort was fayoured \vith fine weather. At the inyitation of the local branch of Toc H, members of the Division altended a yery interesting lecture on "Blood Transfusion," given by Dr. Eccles Smith, of Stourbridge, on J tlly 27th.

August, 193 2.

A I D.

re ulting in a supposed fractured leg. . The audicnce strongly applaud d thc quad at the fil11sh, al:c1 Lady Jodwell and CapL Le Strange pcrsonally examllled. the work. Cadet Supt. Hazell brieOy explall1ed the aCCIdent and the object of the treatmenl. The Tent Prize wa won by No.1 tent under Sergt. William, the competition 1?eino- very keen each day. The prizc for the bc t Fal1guc Squad was awarded to Ionday's squad under Cadet Franci All who attendee! the camp were unanimotl in the opinion that it had he en a real good lime, cvidence of which could be een in the faces of the lad when they arrived at Rugby. The camp \\'a uncler the cO;11mand 0 [ . a~let ~llPt. L. F. Hazell. Cadct Officer T. \\. IIarper, 01 • traliord on-Ayon, acted in his 11 ual efficient manner as cook" and Ptc. E. Ta ker ga\'e most \\ illing and efficient a i ,tance. Tt\1I\VORTII.-Afler the Tamworth Di\ ision hael allended th morning sen' lce at Tan1\\ orth Panh hurch, Diy!. upt. \V. I r. handlcr. in the lIn<lyoiclabk ahsence of st. ommisionet" Dr. D. l\IcC()l1, macle the presentation of the" Chancller ~up" to.J lOll. Sergl. . c~lld Sec. . Gorton. II'ho lyon the tmph) III a comlH:tltlon held on July 17th. Tn congratulating the \\ inner, \\ hll holels the cup for t\\'('l\"(~ Illollths, :upt. (handler ur~l'd the mcmbers to ellter the competition..; ior both the .. Leyick Cup" and the" handkr Cup'" a<-; such COI1lpetition were a (Treat help to first aidl'L ill carr: in!!. on their work. upt. Chandler also cOIH!,Tatulatl'd Amb. Si ter l1i Payne 011 gaining the third highl':il mark" ill the" Chandler up competition.

August , 1932.

FIRST

No. V. Dis t rict. GooLE.-Thc mcmbcrs of thc Coole Division are to be congratulated on the new roadside ambulance hut which was formerly handed over and dedicated on Sunday, July 24th. Originally the idca was to equip" Airmyn Hall" as a First Aid Dre sing tation and as a rcsult of an effort, in the form of a vVhist Drive Dance organised by Mr. and 1\lrs. Owcn and Sergt. and Mrs. Robertshaw, of " Airmyn Hall," £25 lOs. 1d. was realised. Out of this j 11. toyer £7 was spcnt for outfit and stretcher for the l1~C of -0-irm),n \ ' illage, S~rgt. Robertshaw vohmteering hIS sen Ices at any hour, nIght or day, to thosc requiring attentioll at the ncw station. It \\'as thcn decided, as there was a large balance, to purcha<;c and present to the Diyision an ambulance hut for the Dooth fnry Bridge. The cost of the hut was £ 17 5. . and othcr expenses l-ts. Dr. II. Cretney, of Coole, generously offered to pay the cost of first paintinp: and Dr. O'Donnell gave a subscription towards the second paintillg. ~r r. Ralph Longhorn, of Airmyn, presided at the

A I D.

gether with first aid tests were carried out during the course of the inspection. At the conclusion, Staff Officer H. C. Grace complimented the Division on the high standard of efficiency shown in their work. . A pleasant f~aturc of the evening was the presentatIon of long-servIce medals to Dr. G. F. Shepard, DiyJ. Surg. of St. Hilda Colliery Division, South Shields; and Dr. W. Campbell Lyons, Div!. Surg. of the South Shields Borough Division.

No . VIII. (Ouke of Connaught's ) District. CATERIIA...\L-T\!embers of the Caterham Division have becn well occupied of late. The annual inspection was conducted by Commissioner E. A. Richards. Amb. Officer Tuckey Ivas in charge of the parade which consisted of Amb. Officcr Todman, Transport Officer Smith, and twenty-three other ranks. After a display of squad drill, hand seat and stretcher drill, the Commis ioner professed himself to he satisfied with the work done, especially the stretcher

THE RUGBY CADET DrVISION from July 30th to August 6th held their fourth annual camp at Hunstanton, orfolk. The adyance party under Cadet Supt. Hazell left Rugby on Friday, July 29th. The site of the camp was among beautiful surroundings in Hunstanton Park, the home of Capt. C. Le Strange, who kindly gave permission to camp. The advance party were soon at work and in spite of unfavourable weather the tents were quickly pitched, and by nightfall the camp was complete. An invitation was extended this year to thc Stratford-on-Avon Cadet Division to join Rugby in camp, and eight cadets under Cadet Officer Harper madc the journey from Stratford. Cadet Officer Harper acted as cook and on arrival he was soon at work with a squad erectIng his cookhouse. The Rugby Division are fortunate in possessing an efficient cooking range, and very soon the fire was going and the dixies boiling merrily for tea. Many of the younger lads had never been to camp before, but they soon settled down under the guidance of the "old stagers." In addition to the cadets, there were five other camps in the park, and among these were a crcw of the Rover Scouts of Rugby. A spirit of camradeship soon sprang up among the various parties, and numerous small friendships were made during the weck. A church parade was held on Sunday morning and the Division marched to the Wesleyan Church in Hunstanton. The Brigade Colours, which have recently been acquired by the Rugby Division, were carried for the first time, the colour party being under the command of Sergt. Williams. On Tuesday a Church Fete was held in the courtyard of Hunstanton Hall, and the servi,ce of the cadets and scouts were eagerly sought for by the promoters. A guard of honour was formed by the cadets and scouts to Lady J odwell, who opened the Fete and a very smart parade was the result. The Rugby Cadet Division had the honour to be invited to give an Ambulance Display du:ir~g the afternoon .an.d a st~e.t~her squad under Sergt. WIllIams gave a realIstIc exhIbItIOn of a cycle aocident,

No. IV . District BRIERFIELD.-The anllual amhulance C()l1ljH:tltillns and gala of the Brierfield Di\'i ion, held on J til)' 30th, proved 1110 t succe .. fu!. Eighteen teams competL'd in the c()mpetitions and excellcnt tests were staged. Injuries \\ ere realitically portrayed hy plaster cast of a compound fracture of ll't?" and mechanical de\' ice, the property () i Corp :upt. A. J. Green, of the ' outhern Railway orp . . No. 1 District. gave artificial blecclll1g to the mOVClllent of the heart. In the "Robert Tllnstill Memorial Trophy" competition Preston with 317 mark were fir t, followed hy elson "A," 314-; and Kendal, 297. The indiyidllal nursing competition for the" Yeever ' Rose Bowl" resulted as follow : 1, Mr. Lambert (Bacup), 125; 2, Mrs. Petyt (Bradford), 121; 3, Ii s Pomfret (Blackburn), 113i. Judges for the eyent were Drs. ]. Cunningham. Barlow, Chevassut, and Corps Supt. A. J. Green, of London. In addition to thc amhulance competitions there werc fancy drcss) drill and competitions, a tcnnis and bowlingtournament and other side shows. The event was graced by the attendance of Britain's Collon Queen, Miss Marjoric Knowles, I\"ho was received by Corps Surg. Dr. Aitken, of Colne, Mr. W. D. IIaigh, and members of the Council. Ambulance men and nurses formed a guard of honour for the Cotton Queen, who received a beautiful bouquet from Miss Joan Howker, daughter of Sergt. W. Howker. Subsequently Miss Knowles presented the prizes to the successful competitors. The success of the gala, which was primarily held in aid of the building fund of the Division, was due to the hard work of the organisers, especially Lady Supt. Mrs. C. Biney, Lady Amb. Officer Mrs. E. Robinson, joint hall . secretaries; Supt. W. Earnshaw) Amb. Officer Wllall ey, Div. Sec. G. Wear (ambu lance competition secretary), and a la rge working committee.

The new Roadside Hut of the Goole Di\'ision . Left to right: Sergt. ]. VV. Robertshaw, the Vicar of Airmyn, Supt. A. Bramhal11, Sergt. R. A. F. :\.damson. opening ceremony. The Vicar of Ainnyn (the Rev. G. J. vVatkins) dedicated the hut and formally handed it over to the Goole Division. He handed thc key to upt. A .. Bramham, who briefly explained the work of the BrIgade. T' Sergt .. Robert haw proposed a vote of thanks to thc 'Icar, V.:l11Ch erg-to R. Adamson seconded.

No. VI. District. . SOUTII SIIIELDS.-1 he annual in pection of the South

Shle~ds Borough Ambulance Division, was held on the

~;enl11g of Frid~y, Jul~ 22nd, in the Stanhope Road Drill all, South ShIelds) kll1dly lent for the occasion by the T .A.A.F. Association, Durham. All ranks were paraded under Divl. Supt. ]. L. ~eyden. The inspecting' officcr bein o ' Staff Officer H . C. race (county secretary). lIovements in foot drill and stretcher exercises to-

drill. He later in pected the ambulance car and station books and records. ' . .On J ul}: 9th onc officer and four men did duty at the BrItIsh LegIOn ?-ally at Guildford, and a like number attended the BI ley shooting competitions. Five men also attended a motor-cycle meeting at Tatsfield. On Sunday July 17th, Amb. Officer Tuckey and nine other ranks attcnded the District In pection at Eastbourne. Few accident, in spite of the holiday sea on, have been reported, although ome cal1s, of a minor character, havc been answered .

No. X. District. DUmIO\':.-:-!he annual meeting and inspection of the Dunmow Dn'lsIOn took place at Dunmow. ]\[r. H. Langley J ones, Asst: Commi sioner, conducted the inspectIOn and Col. T . GIbbons, D . . 0.) D.L., presided .at the meeting.

FIRST

The chairman congratulated the Division on having won the Langley Jones" County Cup a~d appealed for m·o re members in the ambulance and nurs1l1g sectlOns. umerous awards ·were presented by 11rs. Hall, fo1lowino- which demonstrations were giyen in home nursing and fi~st aid. The services of urse Dunlop and Drs. S. A. Hall and G. O. Barber as lecturers were much appreciated by the ladies' and men's classes. On the motion of the Rev. A. . Roland a vote of thanks was accorded to Mrs. Hall and the chairman. (C

A Short History of the

Royal Life Saving Society. U 'TIL the formation of the Swimmers Life Saving Society in 1891 the swimming clubs of this Kingdom did not pay very much attention to the most essential features of their art, that of rescuing persons in danger of drowning- by swio:ming to their relief. Some few clubs made ita part. cf theIr work, but their was no organised methods of teachIng any kind of drill. In the year 1887 the Royal Humane Society was approached on the subject, and asked .to ~ndertake the .instruction by means of its own organIsatIOn, but nothmg came of the request. The Amateur Swimming Association was then approached to supen'ise the \.vork, and it went so far as to appoint a committee to investigate the matter. This committee went so far as to draw up a set of rules, but there the ITlatter ended. The Executive of this newly formed Society had been experimenting for some time in an endeavour to evolve a system of drill for both land and \-yater that would be effe~ tive for the object in view, and found that a method of dnll advo-:ated by William V\'ilson (a Scottish Bath Master of the Victoria Baths, Glasgow) was, in the main, very similar to the drills being experimented with, but more suitable, and after correspondence lr. 'Wilson kindly offered the drill to the Society, and it was prillte~ and circulated i.n th.e form of a handbook, after examinatlOn by Dr. Colltngndge, the Medical Officer of Health for the Port of London, and 1\1r. Andrew Clark, F.R.C.S., who, although not altogether agreeing with every detail, advised the Ex~cutive to give .it a fair trial. This drill has formed the basIs of that now In use and in the latest edition published (1932) there has been no 'fundamental alterations made. In recognition of his most valuable service to the cause, 1\11'. Wilson was elected the first Life Governor of the Society. The first committee of the Swimmers Life Saving Society consisted of 1essrs. H. Hewitt Griffin, F. W. Moses, E. W. Stafford, W. Brickett, C. Val Hunter, YV. Henry and A. Sinclair, with headquarters at Mr. Henry's private address, 3, Clarendon-square, London, and Messrs. Henry and Sinclair as its Hon. Secretaries. The members of the above committee, under the leadership of M1'. Henry, working in collaboration with M1'. Wilson endeavoured to foster the movement by giving lectures and demonstrations, showing that in approximately eight drills swimmers could learn how to save life from drowning. From its inception the Society never looked back, each year producing some new effort and further marked progress. Of those famous men who hel ped to inaugurate the Swimmers Life Saving Society, none achieved such distinction in the swimming world as William Henry, who retained his position as secretary until his death, a period of 37 years. The first award was instituted in 1891, and was a "Proficiency Bronze Medallion" with the name engraved on the back.

August, 193 2.

A I D.

The "Efficiency C rtifica~e" was in. titute(!, in 1~9~, a~cJ becamo known a the "ProfiCiency Certdkate, reta111111~ Its name until 1932, when it was changed to the "Intermediate Certi6cate. " The "Bronze l'rl cJqllion" was instituted in 1895, and became the Hall Mark of the efficient Life av 1'. I.n subsequent year higher. Cl,,·ard .were in titulcd, . untt! at the present time the oetcfy has eight award . , \'ar)'lng frol11 the Elementary Certificate to the Diploma. In 1892 a series of examinations were introduc d, and the- Society granted 6 award ; the growth of these examinations has continued, and for the year 1931 no Ie s than 7-1- 385 awards were made. , In 1893 H. R. H. the Duke of York became Pn' ident of the ociety, and in the following year, in order to exte-nd the Society' work, branch . were fornll'd plal:che , ter branch being the first in England), followed b~ one- In ew South \Vales, Au tralia. In 1 96 a nc\\' tandard of examination wa created, known as the" Diploma of th . ocict)'," thi . b~ing the premier award, and i now regarded a the Blu Ribbon of the swimming world. . . , The year 1899 inaugurntE'd a n.e\.\: ph:l e of the ?oclety s work, that of forming kindrcd oClctles In many ]~urol:ean countrie , and a strong party of swimmers from ~hc : OClet)", headed by 11'. Henry, \'isited \'aril)u" towns 111 ~\\'ede.n, giving exhibitions of lif '><lying, and the \\euI"h Life Society wa formed. Also in 1899 the London . ('hool Board, reali"ing tlw importance of the ociety's. \\'ork,. adoptcu Life . n\ illg as part of the in truction in their c~rf1clll~m, anu to-Ja) practically all children, when ph) ~Icall)'. Itt, 'pro\'e tllL1nscl~' s clever exponents of the \\'ork. :\Ic;o I~ th.ls year an Italian Life Saving ociet)' was fOflllCd, ba"lng It-.. rule" anu conditions upon the London one. and ill 1<.)01. ;\1 r. r [~I11') hl'adeu a Society'S team to Italy, gi\'ing many Instructl\C denl0nstrations. In 1902 His :'lost Gracious :\lajesty the late E.ing Edward VII became Patron of the . neidy, and prl'"ented a Cup for competition. This up, knl)\\' n a., the" .King> Cup" i no\\' gi\'en for til be t reco:u o.f award" g'\~lled 1.11 anyone year by an all'iliated orgnnlsatlon. Later ~n thiS year Mr. Henry accompanied. a team tour t.l11'l)ugh C !ltral Europe, Germany and .\ustna, when Ilk st\\'lng was demonstrated in many centr . In 190+ the late King Edward VII commanded that th Society should in future use the title Royal" and from then onwa;ds its title became C C The Royal Life <\\ ing 'ociet)'." In 1907 Professor ir E. harpey Schafer, F. R . . , Professor of Physiology at the Edinburgh C ni\ ersity who \\'a" General Secretary of the British A ociation from 1 g5 to 1900, and President in 1912, originator of the chafer 1ethod of Artificial Respiration, was arl)[Oached, on the suggestion of the Hon. Sydney Holland, and his method was adopted, and has since been the only one to be u ed by the Society. The following year another award, known as the Award of Merit, was instituted, this carrying with it a Silver Medal; it was created as an intermediate award bet\.\'een the Bronze Medallion instituted in 1892, and the Society's Diploma. In 1909, with the object of still widening the work of the Society, Mr. Henry toured througll the Dominion of Canada, and the first Canadian (Quebec) Branch ,-"vas formed. Later in the same year a New Zealand (Wang-anui) Branch was also instituted. In 1910 H.M. King George V consented to become the Patron of the Society, and Lord Desborough, KG., G. C. V. 0., who had been Acting' President since 1901, became President. ]n the autumn of that year M1'. Henry made a tour of Australia and New Zealand, and demonstrated the Society's aims and objects, forming many new Branches in both countries. In 1913, South Africa was the next country to claim

August, 1932 .

FIRST

attention, and a tour of the Union was made resulting in several Branches being formed. ' From then until 1919 the spreadi'1g (or propagation) of life s~lVing had to be curtailed owing to the outbreak of the Great War, but on the conclusion of hostilities the work progres ed with ven greater vigour. In 192-+, If. 1. King George V conferred upon the Society a Royal Charter of Incorporation. Between 1924 and 1928 the intere t in swimming and life sa\.ing increased among t the members of H.1\1. Forces and Civilian Force, Public Schools and Colleges, S\Vimmin~ Club. and kindred organisations. . On larch 20th, 1928, the Society sustained a great loss in the passing of its chief founder and ecretary, 1\11'. V/illiam IIe-nr)" \\·ho had ucce sfull), devoted the finest years of his ~ife to. the great and hu.manitari.an pr!nciples of the Society, It unl\'ersal u('cess betng a fittLng tnbute to a great man. vVith its many Branches scattered over the Empire it became necc ' ary that a more active co-operation in the work and methods hould be considered, and the ociety's fir t conference of Home Branche was called in London in 1930 . much ueful information was given and recei\'ed among the many memhers who attended The- ociet)' now reali ing t'hat till wider instruction wa" required, and the unification of all t(,aching of life

A J D.

Suffolk and Coastal Towns

Competitions.

Saturday, July 16th, an interesting ambulance competion was held on Highfield Meadow, Halesworth, open to teams of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and Uritish Red Cross Detachments in the Suffolk Area Coastal Towns. The principal trophies were the "Toulmin" Cup for men and the "Aldeburgh" Cup tor nurses in first aid. There w~re also cups for boy cadets, first aid and bed-making for nurses and cadets. At the close of the contest, Dr. Aylen, the Commandant of the local Red Cross Detachment expressed the thanks of all present to Admiral Bruen for granting the use of his meadow. Admir;:d Bruen, in presenting the trophies,

01:

Beccles Division, S.].A.B. saving, called to it aiu the science of cinematography, and rroduced a film entitled cc How to Sa\'e Life from Drowning" and its premier" at the King George' Hall London on Octob r 1 +th, 1931, proved to l~e a m~morable 'occasion: It \.\'~s tl:e realisation of a much-needed means of conveying by plctonal sy tern the methods of relea ing one's self from the clutch of a drowning person and carrying that person safely t~ the shore, combined with the arplication of artificial resplratlOl1. This film has been made to illustrate the nineteenth edition of the Society's Handbook, published in 1932, which has been completely revised, re-illustrated and greatly enlarged. I~ 1":1ay be interesting to note that from this brief history ~he ongl~1al methods of releasing from the clutch and carryII1g, ~re 111 all fundamental r spects (in spite of many further expenm.ents) the same as those advocated by Mr. William Wilson 111 the year 1876. This pro\'es how technically sound was the foundation upon which the work of this Society has been built. CC

Doe s your colleag u e read F IR5 T AID , if not, send us his addres s and w e will post him a copy.

warmly congratulated the winners on the splendid result achieved. The result of the competitions were as follows : :Men's First Aid Teams.-Judges: Dr. W. A. L . Marriott and Dr. Phelps . 1st, Yarmouth St. J, (No.1 team), 131; 2nd, Lowestoft Police, 125 ; 3rd, Felixstowe St. J . , 110. Nurses' First Aid Teams .-Judges: Dr. , ;y ood -Hill and l\1iss Revill -Johnson. 1st, Aldeburgh St. J., 109; 2nd, Yarmouth (No.1 team), 108; 3rd, Yarmouth St. J . (N o. 2 team), 98. Bed-making, N urses .- J udge: Miss Nead. 1st, Yarmouth St. J., 26; 2nd, Aldeburgh St. J., 23; 3rd, Southwold Red Cross, 20}. Bed- making, Cadets.-Judge: l\1iss Nead . 1st, Beccles St. J . , 40}; 2nd, Aldeburgh St. J.; 31i· First Aid, Boy Cadets (only one entry).Judges: Supt. Collins and Miss Garnham. Aldeburgh St. J., 139.

FIR S T

August, 193 2.

A I D.

Przory for Wales. AWART)S FOR LONG Al D EFFICIENT BRIGADE SERVICE.

H. R. H. the Grand Prior, on the reco111menda.tion of the Chapter General, ha approved the award ?f Service 1\1edals and Service l\ledal Bars to the undermentiOned memb~rs of tile St. John Ambulance Brigade in v\,~les, on completIOn. of 15 year efficient sen'ice, additional penods of 5 years service qualifying- for the Bar ;Service llfedals. GLA:\[QRGAN COUNTY CENTRE.

Corps Secretary Da\,id Pu~h? ~bera\'o!1 Corps ~ ~rivate Thomas H. Clement, Bryn Dl\' ISlon ; Private William J. Hole, Bryn Division; and Div. Supt. Eurfyl James, Kenfig Hill Division. ;\10NMOUTHSHIRE CENTRE.

Corps Supt. Alfred Blandford, vVester.n. ,:alley Corps; Corps Sgt. Edgar F. Paget, Abercarn. I?lvlslOn. (Western Valley Corps), and CarpI. Ernest O. Phdbps, Gnffithstown Division. CITY OF CARDIFF CENTRE.

Lady Div. Supt. Edith P. 'Villiams, Lady Amb. Officer :'Ifabel Thomas and Amb. Sister Lucy V. Davies, Penarth Nursing Division. BOROUGH OF RHONDDA CENTRE.

Div. Supt. David O. \Villiams, U\\'ynpia Division.

Bars. MONMOUTHSHIRE CENTRE.

Corps Supt. Joseph Hooper, West 10nmouth Corps; Div. Supt. Charles F. Sterry, Six Bells Division. B,)ROUGH OF MERTHYR TYDFIL CENTRE.

Private Thomas Thomas,

1erthyr Borough Division.

BOROUGH OF RHONDDA CENTRE

Div. Supt. John S. Jones, Amb. Officer Walter 1. Davies, Amb . Officer David Morgan, Sergt. Thomas W. Hopkins, sergt. Emrys Lewis and Private Edward Facey, Tylorsto\yn Division. ABERDARE CENTRE.

Corps In. Stores Daniel Jenkins, Cynon Valley Corps. MONTHLY

1EETINGS.

The Executive and Ambulance Committee of the Priory met in the Law Courts, Cathays Park, Cardiff, on July 25th, Lieut.-Colonel H. E. 1\1. Lindsay, C.B., and Mr. Enoch ~lorrell, C.B.E. , respectively, presiding. Sanction was given to the formation of a new.C.orps to be known as the Barry and District Corps, compnsmg the Ambulance, Nursing and Cadet Divisions in Barry and Barr) Dock; and Mr. F. R. Hortop was congr~tulated as Sub.-Commissioner for the area on the splendid p~o.g:ess being maintained. The following n~w Ambulan~e DIvIsions were registered : (Dyfan) Barry (CIty of Cardiff), Argoed (Monmouthshire Centre), 1aerdy (Boroug-h of Rhondda Centre) and a Cadet Ambulance Division .at .Uanbradach. The Principal Secretary and CommiSSioner for Wales (the Hon. John H. Bruce), as Honorary Director of Ambulance for the Royal Welsh Agricultural Society, repo:ted ~n the ambulance competitions organised by the Pnory 111 connection with the show at Llandrindod Wells, on Friday, July 22nd, when the cups were presented by the President, Sir Charles Venables Llewellyn, Bart.

The services of medical men a hononll-Y lecturcrs to first aid and home nursing classc wcre re\' iewcd ~nd.t he recommendations of a spec'ial Sub-Committee for establl hing a \Vel h Examining tafT of the l. J ol1n Ambulance Association were approved. Prior to the tandillg ommillee, a . LIb-Committe: on which the oll1missioner for \\'~k-;, the Deputy Commissioner (:'Ilr. A. G. E. J, Fudge) and the Lady upcrintendent for \\'ale (Lady Lewi . , O. B. E.) en'ed ,15 exofficio members, considered the rc\ ision of the Dr:~s Regulations for ,,\mbulance and ur~ing orps and ?I.\ 1sions in 'which the \V(I~h Dragon hgurcs a-. the dlst1l1tive badge of the Brigade in \Vales to di'>tinqui-.heu it from the St. John Ambulance Brigade as a whole. flD-RIIONDJ) ,\

A:'IBL'I.AN CE. R.\LL\,.

The Commi sioner for \\'ale , the Hon. John II. Bruce, conducted the annual in . pection of the :'II id-Rhondda Corps on Saturday, July 23rd, when the .r0llo~\' ing Divisior~".\\· cre well repre ented : Tonypandy Poltce ( Upl. L. J.. hel:ne). Y trad Rhondda (Supl. :\'oah :'IIorgan). I~ "\}n)pla (,Upl. D. O. 'Williams), Cambrian (Supl. G. hdwaru . . ). ~;l\ ill Collierie and Penygraig District ( up~. \. R.et· . . ). ~31.a~nclydach (Supt. Luk Thoma), Ll\\'yn~~I~ ursll.'g' DI\ 1'>lOn ( Irs. Payne), Cambrian f\ur ing DI\ISlon. (\!I!:'S ;\1. )l' ~ kins), Ystrad-Rhondda adct - and U\\') n) pia Cadet (l~. Emery). . ~ 'l Headed by the LlwynypJa Drum and I'lule band, the procession paraded the principal strce's and thence to lhe Mid-Rhondda Athletic Ground, ",here the parade \\as uncleI' the direction of Capt. T. E. Richards, J . P. (Cullllllissioncr Rhondda Borou~h Centre), the ecretarial dulies being performed by Sub-Commissioner G. P.ayne. ,. . Among those present were !r Rhy \\ dll~am, Barl., D. S. 0., K. . (President of the l\1ld-Rhondda Corps), Lady Williams (Lad\' Prc",ident of the entre), ;\lr. II. II. E\·(tns (Centre President), Captain Lionel Lindsay, :\1. V. 0., O. B. E., and Corps Officers 1. Davies, J. Thomas and W. Lcdbur). A pleasing- feature of the proceecling-s was the pr.csentation of a Vote of Thanks inscribed on Vellum to lr Rhy Williams by Ir. Bruce, \\'ho, in the ~ourse of his :emarl.<s, said the award had been granted to Ir Rhys for hiS er\'lce to the Brigade in 'Vales and particularly to the i\lid-Rhondda Corps, of which he was president. . Complimenting the Corps on Its appearance, i'fr.. Bruce pointed out that a grant of .£2,000 had .been recelved to encourage the expansion of the Ca?et sectIOn, a.nd as there was only .£900 of this left he adVised corps \\'hl'.h had not taken advantage of these facilities to do so before It was too late. Warrants of appointment and Cadet efficiency certi6cates were afterwards distributed by 1r. H. H. Evans. TREDEG,\R

PRESIDENT'S PARADE.

The Commissioner for Wales, who was accompanied by the Hon. Mrs. Bruce, inspected 200 St. John men engaged in the collieries of the Tredegar Iron and Coal Company and its associated Collieries at Tredegar on Saturday, ] uly 30th. Mr. W. D. Woolley, J. P., managing director of the Company and President of the Tredegar Division, who was unable to attend, was deput ised by Mr. David Evans, the General Colliery Manager. Corps-Supt. W. Penberthy was in command, accompanied by Corps-Secrelary James Leach and Corps-Storekeeper J. Little.

August , 1932.

FIRST

Ir. David Evans welcomed the Commissioner and Mrs . Bruce, who were making their first visit to the town; and complimented the men all their smart appearance, paying special tribute to the excellent work and loyally of the men attached to the colliery. The Company took a deep interest in their efforts and there were 180 ambulance men in the collierie qualified in case of emergency. The lIon. John Bruce ren1'lrked that he had not seen a s much of the Corps in the 10nmouthshire Centre as the rest of vValcs, but he knew how strong the Brig-ade was in that county, particularly in the town of Tredegar, which Di\' ision possessed the largest membership of any Unit in \Vales; and as long as they had the backing of great companies like the Tredegar Iron and Coal Company, there was not much to fear for the future of ambulance work in this coalfield. Three hields, won by the Pochin team, viz., Tredegar Hor Tho\\', which has been held by Pochin for four s llc c e<;~ive rear'>, the 1sl\\')'n, and the Martin shields, together with medals and other prizes, were distributed by i'Irs. Bruce, while sih'er medal were al a presented to Tytrist team. I:\SPECTION OF

EATJ[ CORPS.

Bct\\'ecn 400 and 500 member

of the Ambulance,

A I D.

was particularly keen on removing any unit which existed on ly on paper, and last year no less than 16 unics were struck ofT, but another 23 were registered, which increased the strength of the Brigade in Wales to 9,100. The ~eath Corps were fortunate in having an excellent County Commissioner in the person of Mr. Evans-Bevan. The Commissioner then presented Councillor \V. J. Challacombe, ex-Mayor of ~eath, with a certificate of thanks on vellum, in recognition of the presentation by 1\1r. Challacom be of a hut to the I eath unit. Warrants \-vere also presented to newly appointed officers . EBB\v VALE COMPANY'S CO~lPETITIONS.

The annual competitions promoted by Messrs. The Ebbw Vale Steel, Iron & Coal Co. tor ambulance teams and fire brigades took place at Abercarn on July 9th, and a representative gathering was present at the Church Hall, where Sir John W. Beynon, Bart, C. B. E., presided, and nearly 400 were entertained to tea. The "Ebbw Vale" Cup and "McVicar" Shield, competed for by senior and junior teams, were won by Vivian Colliery, the 1931 holders, and C\\·mtillery. Sir John Beynon said he "'as delig-hted to ~ee so many contestants, particularly in the ambulance e\'ents, as first

Argeod A.mbulance Division outside their new Headquarters. N lIrsing and Cadet Di\'i ' ions of the Nealh Corps turned out for the annual inspection at the Onll\\'yn vVelfare Recreation Ground on Saturday, July 16th, when the inspecting- officer was the lIon. J. H. Bruc , Commissioner for \rVales, who was accompanied by f\l r . Bruce, f\1r. O. 1\1. E\'an Bevan, County Commissioner, and 1\lrs. Evans Be\'an ; Dr. C. H. Armstrong, J. P., Sub-Col11l11is ioner, and 1\1rs. Armstrong; Councillor Theodore Gibbins, J . P., and Irs. Gibbins, Neath. The .\mbulance Division gaYe stretcher demon trations under Corps Supl. J. Richards, while the Nursing Di\'isions, under Lady Corps upt. Irs. Jones, Briton Ferry, demonstra.ted the use of roller bandages, and the cadets gave exhibitions of hand seat drill and the use of triangular bandages. The Hon. J. H. Bruce afterwards addressed the parade, and, having congratulated the corp upon their excellent work, pointed out that while they admired quantity in numbers, 'what they admired more than anything was quality, because their job was to render first aid. He was pleased to lea:n .that out of 16 units in the corp, 12 had I-endered first aid 111 3.100 cases of sickness and accidents. That was a fine record, and one of which they could feel proud. He

aid was of paramount importance to the worker in collieries and there was ample evidence that many li\'es had been saved by the timely as istance rendered by first aid men. It was gratifying to them as director to see so many men prepared to fit themselws for emergency and the benefit of their fellow men. Lady Beynon and :\1 is Beynon, \\'ho presented the prizes, were welcomed on their fir ' t visit to the annual eWl1t by Dr. Rocyn Jones. Captain . T. Beard, O . B.E., expressed his appreciation of the intere~t in ambulance work displayed by The Ebbw Vale Steel, I ron, and Coal Co., Ltd . ARGOED Ai\IBUL r\NCE HALL.

The Argoed Ambulance Division, formed eigllt months ago, is making good progress with P. C. ~\mphlett [LS Superintendent. The membership is no\\' ~5 men and 12 cadets. On 'Wednesday, July 27th, their ne\\' Hall wa opened. Councillor j. ]. Payne, J. P. President of the Di\'i:.ioll, presided at the opening function, whilst the Re\,. Rhy Davies, Rector of Bedwellty, conducted the dedicati n service. To mark the occasion, Supt. AmphleLt, 011 behalf of the D ivision, presented Councillor Pane with a fountain pen.

FIR S T

Follo\ying the opening function, a largc g'athering sat dowll to tea at the vVelfare Hall, after which an exccllent entertainment was arranged. Durin o- an inten'al certificates were presented to members ~f the Di\'i ion by Corps Officer J. C. Badge, of Blackwood, who congratulated the Di\'ision on i~s. progress. Prizes, won by cadet in a recent competition, were pre:,ented by Councillor Clifford Thomas. . .. Councillor Payne congratulated the DI\'I Ion upon aainino' third place in the competition, held at Pontypool, ~1 con~ection with the County Technical Claases,

~o1ice J\mbulance News. CITY OF LO:-JDON POLICE RESERVE. This month of August is unquestionably the quietest time of the year for journalistic reports of the doings o~ .any Police Force, more particularly so in regard to competltlO~s and the like. On the other hand, I think I am correct 111 suppos ing it to be one o~ the bu~iest t,imes of the year fr.OI:. the point of actual practIce of FIrst Ald. To any~ne read 111" through the morning papers this must be obvl~)us. The greatly increased traffic on the country r.oad, ?Wll1g to the heavy holiday, exo~us from t he to.W~lS, bnngs Its us~al toll of accidents, with Its dead and lI1Jured. The sea-SIde has its quota of drowning and apparently ~ro\\'n~d; ~he. glass bottle fiend gives practice to the first alder WIth hIs Improvised pad and bandage; and, finally, I mi~ht add . dle i.ce cream vendor and the fruit merchant prOVide the Juvel11le cases of severe colic and" tummy" ache. Both the regul~r and special Police seemingly never get. awaYJrom first aid whether on or off duty, and my expenence IS that always efficient sen'ice is rendered, based upon the practice they get at headquarters. I have in mind the case of one of our own men who failed at his first examination. It was my pleasurable duty later on in the year to ""rite and c~l:g.ratulat~ h~m on ~is being the means of saving life by artlllcial resplratlOn, wlllc.h he applied to a man brought out of the sea. He was on hiS holiday, and our member of the first aid class happened to see the accident. I might add that the man came back to his class with new enthusiasm after the event. Perhaps the best official news J have is that Capt.. (~r.) F. E. Bendix, L.R.C.P., M. R.C.S., R .A.M .C., has JOll1ed the Res~r ve as Hon. Asst. Medical Officer, taking the place of Capt. (Dr.) A. C. White Knox, M. C,.' M. B . , who was recently appointed to fill the vacancy, oWll1g to the death of the late Sir vVilliam Smith, as Medical OfficE'r. Throuah these columus I have the greatest pleasure in saying ho,,:' very delighted all the first aid men of th.e ~eserve are at the news of this appointment. Dr. BendiX IS well known to us all, having Of! many occasions lectured at our annual course of first aid, and also having been one of the appointed judges at our annual cup competition as recent as this year. With these two medical ?fficers attached to us, I feel quite confident that the first aId and ambul,:nce m.en of the Reserve will ultimately bear equal companson With any force of Regula.r or Spec.ial Constabu!ary .in existe~ce with regard to effiCiency, whIch, to my mll1d, IS the thll1g that ma:tters so far as my duty and interes ts are concerned. CECIL G. Ei\IERY, Sub. Comdr. & Hon. Sec.

W hen yo u write to an y of our Adverti sers kindly . mention FIRST AID . It dosen't cost you a nythi ng and it pleases the Advertisers, a nd U s

August, 1932. ~-~

A I D.

August , 1932 .

S.J .A.B. Overseas. OUTH AFRIC.-\

R .\lLWAYS .\ 1 0

FIR S T

A 1 1).

Razlway Ambulance News. HARBOURS

Dl TRIeT. TIlE annual competitions for the Eastern Tra~ls\'aa l were held on l\Iay 21st in \Vitbank, "'hen the f~llo\\' I!~g team ,competed for the various trophic :- Pretona, \\ ILbank, \\ at rval, BO\'e n, Breyten and Pictersbu rg. . The" Sir Thoma Pri ce " trophy was won by Pretona .A. R. with 4-HJ points, Witbank being 21~d \\ ith 3b7. , The highest indi\'idual marks wer g'cu ncd hy 1\lr. N. ~laa t, D. c.:\1., of Pretoria. . The "Sir \\'i lliam IIay" trophy \,"as \\ 011 h) Pn.:tona with 362 points, Pieter!:>burg being 2n~ with 291. A banquet \\,<1 sub::icljucntly held In the i\t~llone Hotel, at which 200 O" ue:,ts allencled. Tlwse present Ill cluded Col. Hcrschell , th~ l\Ia)or anu \layon.?'>'> (Cl1uncillor an,d :'.lr.s. Joffe), :\lr. and 1\11- -. D. IIer che ll, mcmher.s .o~ thl' ounc!!, 'lnd representati\, of \ ariou . ambulance dl\ ISlons. < Col. H ersc hell proposed the toast of ., ThL' Ki ng," , nd the l\layor that of ., Our Gue:-.ts." .. Di trict Officer Kirk, speaking Oil behalf of the \'1 ' ItO:S, sa id that it \\'a felt that competitions WL're thL' Ill,lin artertes of ambulance work, and thercfl)re l11ad~ for ellil..'iency. Hc expressed the appreciation of the \ i ·itor:-. to the :\.Iayor, thc people of '''itbank, and thc members of the Brtgade, for their kind hospitality. . . _ Col. Hcrsche ll exp rc sed thank!:> to DI'>trtct . Jpl. ] . i\. Calder, mentioning the \-aluable sCf\iccs which he .had rendered to the movement, and regretted that hc \\a . re"'l~ning after 22 years' service. . , Divi ional upt.. A. \Vilkin . and .\l11bulance Ofllccr \\ . Saunders, the energetic hon. secretaries, \\'l' re in (barge of the arrangement, and arc to be cong-ratu_lated 0n .th xcellent organisation for \\'h ich lIfC~ y and their COlllmlttee \\ ere responsible. . . A successful dance followed the banquet, at which IllU -IC was supplied by the l\linaaris Orchestra.

AlJCKLAND,

, EW

ZE.\L.\

Good service was rendered by the ambulance and nursing members of the B~igade .in i\uck la od during- thc se riou:-. riots which broke out In Aprtl last. During the riots over 200 people were injured, a.nd tl:c casualty wards at the St. John AIl1?ulanc? Station til Rutland-street prcsented scenes of feverish actl\ Ity. ,\ccording to The AucMand Sial', even during tl.le height of the rush, everything CI ppearcd to b~ done With coolness a~d efficiency. It ",as one of the Itnest feats of mass fir t aid that Auckland had ever kno\\'n. Members of the Auckland Division had as cl1lbled at Rutland-street to hear a n address by Dr. Reynold H. Boyd when the alarm was given. In a comparatively sho rt time 100 men, mostly from the National, Auckland, Epsom and Onehunga Divisions, were on duty, assisted by Dr. Boyd and Dr. Ch isholm McDowell. For over three hours the work continued, and it is estimated that over 150 cases were treated. Over 30 men paraded the streets and dressed wounds under street lamps . They were in the thick of the fray, but none seriously injured, although several were struck with bri cks and knocked about. Thus once aaain the prestige of the Brigade was worthily upheld, and all \onour is due to the members for their luyalty under trying conditions.

Great Western. ::\11'. R. J. R. Loxdale, the donor of the cc Loxdale " Shie ld presided at a gathering of .. members of the Tra\Vscoed class held at the Church lIall, Llanafan, on Jllly 26th, and in the course of an enlightening address traced the hi tory of the Order of St. John and ga~e some interesting- figures as to the growth of the first ald mOYCIl1Cllt 011 the Great Western Railway. During the eycning awards gained in examination were di . tributcd by :!\'Ir. D. Spurrell Davies, Asst. Traffic Manager, 0 w cs try, who in the course of hi~ re.ma:k rcicrrecl to the success of the Trawscoed team III wJI1l11ng the (, Butt" Bo\\ l, the highest award for a. beginner's team for the \\'hole of the Great vVestern Rallway. The Earl of Li hUrl1e alo heartily congratulated the team on it ucccss. and paid high tribute to the yalue of the first aiel 1l10\'cmcnt among' Great vVestern Railwaymen. Thc Rc\,. Tcnkins, Vicar, who also spoke, said that thank. to t-he -Tra\\scocd ambulance \Vorker , Trawscoed wa no\\ "011 thc map." The proceedino-s were interspersed by musical items, which were much appreciated by the large company pre ent.

The following, culled from the August issue of the C.W.R . .1fuqu::;illc, cmpha ise the yaltle of artificial rcsp iration in fir t aid work, and the fact that two liyes wcrc and a a re lilt of one man' knowledge of this branch of the \\'ork i a sufficient demonstration of the lIlC timable \ altH.~ of the training acquired at railway ambulance classes:LIFE- A \,I1\'G POWER. Of all the means by which qualified ambulance men arc able ill emergencies to help their fellows, none is finer than that known as « artificial respiration." The sLlccessfu l outcome of this treatment is almost like bringing a paticnt back from death. Information was received by 1\1r. T. J. \Villiams, a Great Vv c tern Railway porter at Penrhiwceiber (Low Level) station, at 8.30 in the morning of June 18th, that two labourers were badly gassed in a sewer near by, and were lying as if dead. Mr. Williams hurried to the scene, and, assisted by onlookers, whom he instructed, quickly applied artificial respiration to cach 1Ilan in tllm. This work, which ~alJs alike for skill and stamina) was steadily persisted 111 for an-hottr-and-a-half, with the happy result that

both men wcre brought to breathe again. Meanwhile, Mr. Williams arranged for a conveyance to the hospital, and l.U1der the direction of a doctor, who had arr ived, the men were taken there and detained. The first aid rendered in this case is described by the doctor as « highly efficient." « Knowledge is power," and in this) as in other cases in which Great Western Railway ambulance men hav.e been concerned, first aid knowledge was lifesavl11g power. . That this record of usefulness is by no means an lsola~ed one. is borne out by the fact that a few days preVIously, 111 a ca~e of apparent drowning the victim, a young Fl~ench saIlor, who had slipped into the dock and was g0111g down for the last time when he was rescued, was only revived after forty-five minutes' con-

tinuous application of artificial G. W.R. ambulance workers.

respiration

two

Among recent admissions to the Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem are those of Dr. L. H. Terry and 11r. G. H. E. Pointer, both of Fishguard, Pem., the fo rmer receiving the dignity of Officer and the latter of Serving Brother. The Fishguard Harbour class, with which Dr. Terry and 11r. Pointer have been associated for many years. has been particularly successful and has a membership of eighty, and the interest and enthusiasm which is shown on all hands is very largely due to the keenness of Dr. Terry as lecturer and the business acumen of the Class Secretary, Mr. Pointer, who has done much to make the class popular in the locality, not only on the practical side but also by organising social events to raise funds for the class activities. It was largely owing to the efforts of Dr. Terry and l\Ir. Pointer that a commodious ambulance room was pro\-ided by the Directors of the Great Western Railway Company for the use of the class at Fishguard Harbour recently.

London, Midland and Scottish. ApPLEBY.-The annual social and distribution of a\\"ards took place recently, 1\1r. H. Swain presiding, supported by the Mayor and :,Iayoress of Appleby, Messrs. Wilson and Sidebottom, Dr. Sprott, 1',11'. R. Booth, class secretary, and others. Before presenting the awards Dr. Sprott, complimented the candidates on their success. Great credit was due to those responsible for running the classes, but the part taken by the Railway Company in ambulance work. They did a great deal to encourage the men to attend the classes. The 1\1ayor said they had the greatest admiration for Dr. Sprott and on behalf of the class members he had pleasure in asking him to accept an illuminated address expressing their appreciation and thanks. WOLVERTON. -A large gathering of railway ambulance men met in the Ambulance Room of the L.M.S. Carriage Works, "Volverton, on Wednesday, July 20th, when the awards were presented by 11r. E. F. Merrett, the local superintendent, Mr. John Purves presided. Dr. Douglas Bull (Stony Statford) presented a framed photograph of his father, the late Lt.-Col. W. H. Bull, K.H .S., to the committee to be hung in the room. Col. Bull was the pioneer of the successful work accomplished by the Wolverton railway ambulance men; and 1\Ir. H. T. Rainbow, the oldest ambulance man, in appreciation of his memory, called for a minute's silence, which was reverently observed. Other addresses were made by Dr. Maguire, of Roade, and Mr. Jackson, assistant secretary of the L.1\I.S. Ambulance Centre. Thanks to 11r. Purves were expressed by Mr. J. O . IbeIl, hon . district secretary, and to the medical profession by 1\1r. W. J. Brown, of Bletchley. Others present were Mrs. 1\Ierrett, Messrs . H. Claxton, A . Felts, and Mr. and 1\1rs. J. A. Rose. The arrangements were made by the hon. local secretary, Mr. W. J. Ba rby.

PtRST

London and North Eastern. ORTlI-E.-\STER AREA.-The annual meeting of the Centre was held at ewcastle on July 31st, when dclcO'ates from the six: districts attended. 1\1r. Thos. Horn by was re-elected president, 1\lr. J . \\"illis (Hesledell), chainuan, 11r. G. 1\lurray (Gateshead), vice-chairman, 1Ir. Geo. Jackson, secretary. Business dealing with the general welfare of the Centre \"as transacted and the secretary presented hlS report in \\"hich the follo\\"ing particulars appear.: A total of 132 classes \yere held during the past seSSIOn as against 126. Tewcastle district heading the I! t ~vith ..\-3. During the 1931 -32 session 2,982 pa sed eXaml~1atI~ns,. an increase of 148. Accident returns from the SlX dlstncts total 66,717, Darlington heading the list with 16,661. The total cases now attended by the Centre reaches nearly one-and-a-half millions. Tyne Dock ambulance team won the "\\"harton." Shield, gained second place in the Inter-Group, ~fth 111 the Inter-Raihvay and tied for second place 111 the English and Scottish International. During the year eight gold medals, eight bar for twenty years' and three for thirty years' seHice ha\'e been awarded. -:\lr. Jackson closes his report with words of thanks lo District and Class secretaries, instructors and all those who have rendered yeoman service. Hull District held their annual" field day" on July 16th in the Company's Athletic Ground, Southcoates Lane, Hull, when competitions for teams, individual, men and women, were staged. Drs. Patrick, Boyne, \i\Tilson, and Deacon judged ten teams, sixteen first-year men and seven ladies. The Station K o. 1 Team won the team test. 1\1r. E. \ T. Taylor, Dist. Goods 1\Ianager, complimented the competitors on their \york and 1Irs. Taylor presented the prizes. Dr. Patrick offercd some excellent advice to all who had entered the competition. 11r. Geo. Jackson, general secretary, presented a long-service gold medal to B. Godfrey, a twenty years' bar to J. W. Gray, a twentyfiye years' bar to R. Sharp, and a thirty years' bar to H. A. Marshall, the latter being the first thirty years' bar to be obtained in the Hull District, and Mr. Jackson hoped that all would carryon until each had the pleasure of receiving a thirty years' bar. Messrs. F. R. Charlton (Chairman), G. H. Oakes (Dist. Sec.) and the members of the Council carried out the arrangements in a most admirable manner. ------ . -- .------

Southern. REDBRIDGE.-Realistic first aid contests were staged by the Redbridge (S.R.) Centre in the annual competitions. The Judges were Dr. R. B. Duncan, of London; Dr. G. R. Seager Thomas, of Southampton; and Miss W. Grindley, of London. Sixteen teams competed, the result being: 1st, Southampton West No.1, 25H; 2nd, Eastleigh CM.E., 19n; 3rd, Southampton Docks "A," 196. Mr. R. Gillingham was the organising secretary and 1\fr. L. V. Petty (secretary, Southampton Docks), chief ambulance steward. The Mayor of Southampton (Councillor F. \\"oolley), who \,,'as accompanied by the Mayoress, preslded at the presentation of prizes, which were disLributed by Mr. W. W . Graham.

Two members of the Southampton Docks (S.R.) have been honoured for long and c.levoLcu \'oiunLary service Lo first aid work. 11r. Henry J. lngs, Outdoor Marine Dept.; and 1\lr. J 0 eph G. Boucher, Outdoor \Vharfingers' Dept.; having been admitted a crying Brothers of the Oruer of St. JOhl1. Each \Va invested with the insignia by the Su1JPrior, the Earl of Scarborough, 011 July 29th. ------ .-- .---- --

Insect Bites. THE danger of blood poiscning follo\\ ing in eet bites has bccn em phasised by re n t fatal case . Insects, including mosquitoes, do not generally give a bite which is poisonous j \\ hat happens when s~\'ere swelling and other unplea~ant rc ults occur is usually that poisons picked up by thc insect are inject d with the bite and perhaps thoroughly ru bbed in by the suffcrer's own efforts to rclieve the itching by rubbing and s ratching. Insects pick up all kinds of to:xic substances from muddy ponds, dustbins, stale food, and so forth, and these, if injected into the blood tream, may cause severe illness. The most dangerous parts of the body on which to be bitt n or stung are the head, legs, and wrists, becau~e the artcries are near to the ski nand it is not as y to local ise the effect of the poison. Some time ago Dr. has. Thomsoll, ~I.O.H., Belfast, issued a pamphlet \\hich \\as distributed by his health committee ane! gcl\ e useful advice concerning insect biL s. IIe pointed out that mosquitoes often bite about the ankles, for which reason two thin pairs of stockings are better than one thick pair. Oil of lavender on the hair or clothes will sometimes keep insects away, and another remedy is citronella oil. To protect the face, Dr. Thomson advised the use of a 50 per cent. solution of thYlllol or oil of cloves in lanoline. If a bite is suffered it should be dabbed with weak ammonia or washing s~da, or common soap and vinegar should bc applied. If the irritation is severe, iodine in glycerine may be used, and, if matters get worse, a doctor shou ld be v isited. Dr. Thomson referred to the value of prcventing insects from breeding, and so far as mosquitoes are concerned he advised that all small pools of stagnant water in the vicinity of houses should be dra ined or else sprayed with paraffin oil containing 2 per cen t. of castor oil. --Jour7'lalof the Inslzlute

of Hygz"ene . The Order of St. John of J crusalcl11 has a "varded to Charles Christopher Clarkson, motor mechanic, West End, Middleham, Yorkshirs, a certificate of hOllour for conspicuous gallanLry in saving life at imminent personel risk.

FIR S T

August , 193 2.

Aug u st , 19.32.

AlD.

First Aid and the Law. By E .

PART

II.

I;'{ my last article I dcal t wi th the legal posi tion of thc Fir~t Aider who went further than his duly as such demanded, and who took over the position of a doctor, but who confined himself to cases with which, in the ordinary course of events, he as a Fi rst Aider, \\as com peten t to deal. In this article I propose to deal with the leaal position of the First ..-\ ider who steps into fbe hoes f a doctor in cases \\' hich are clearlv well within the do tor's curriculum, and well without that of the First Aider. The: Fir~t l\ider should understand something o f the statu,,> of til :\Iedical Praclitioner, under the :\Iedical ~ \cts, and should kno\\" something of the el1eral :\Iedical Council, and its attitude towards u nq ual ijIed and un regi tered med ical practitioners. The status of the :\Iedical Practitioner is still largely govcrned bv the ~Iedi al Act of 1858. The ,A ct set up a· compositc boely called the Gelleral J[cc/t'cal Coullcd, and a Reg/straJ- who has the d ut)" of com ri Ii ng, keepi ng up to date, and publi"hing a register f medical pra titioners who ha\'c applied for, and being entitled to, bave been grante I, r gi..,tratiol1. This register is, by the t, the c\'idence of wh ther a man is registered or not. Before a practitioner may bc registered he lllust ha\'c a registerable qualifIcation. Thus a St. Joh n 's mal1 \\ ould not be en ti tIed to be registered on thc strength of hi First Aid Certificate. Befo~e the ct, regi tration meant \'e ry little . fhe PublIC kncw that if a man \\'c re re brr istered he woul? have some registerable qualification . QualIfied men would, therefore, register for their own benefit. It was done as a matter of course. There were no rcstrictions upon unreaistered men . But with the passing of the 1Iedical Act various disabili.ties, have, by Statute, been placed upon the unregIstered medical practitioner. .ubject to the following disabilities the un regIstered practitioner may practise and take fees: 1) IIe cannot recover his fecs in a Court of Law. 2) Under the Dangerous Drugs Act, it is a crim inal offence for an unreaistered . . b praCtitIOner to be in po session of cocaine or any other dangcrous drug . A list of th~se drugs is kept, and is continually belng added to by Orders /n COlt1Zcd made under the Dangerous Drugs Act.

It is a criminal offence under the Venereal Disease Act 1917 for an unregistered medical practitioner to treat a venereal disease.

An un registered medical practitioner can not sign a death certificate, or any other certificate required by Statute.

1AITLAND WOOLF, A . I.L.A.

No. 4.--PRI\rATE TREAT:'.IE I T OF CASES.

A I D.

This means t?at if a patient dies during treat~ent by an unregIstered medica l practitioner it is

l Ikely tha~ ~he latter may be placed in a very awkward pOSItiOn . The Coroner, who is often a r~gi~tered medical practitioner, may sometimes use hIS ll1fluence to commence proceedings for manslaughter. Under Section 3 of the I nfectious Diseases (~otifi.cation) Act 1889, the medical practitioner attend lng the case must notify the ~Iedical Officer of Health. A difficulty here arises because the certificate of notification is a statutory one. Two cases of interest I cite below, In the first case* a violinist was interested in herbal treatment. He cured himself and his friends of rheumatism, and later undertook to treat an yone, and charged fees for h is work . He was consulted by a certain woman whom he advised to eat nothing for three days. The lady who followed the advice developed gall stones and died. The prisoner was convicted of manslaughter. The second case+ \Vas one in wbich an un registered medical practitioner treated a case of cancer with the result that the patient died. He was charged with manslaughter. Eyidence was called that the prisoner had pre\·iouslyand with success treated cases of cancer, but he was nevertheless convicted because the jury believed that his treatmen t ei ther prod uced or accelerated the death of the patient . . Under Section 40 of the Iedical Act, a man Incurs, on summary conviction, a maximum penalty of £20 f?~ pretending to be a duly registered medical practItIoner, or to be entitled to use the title ~hys.ician,. doctor of medicine, etc., or any othcr tItle ImplYln~ that he is registered under the Act, or that he IS by Law recorrn ised as a doctor of medicine, etc. b A recent case of interest in the above connection is that of " Professor A " E. Shakesb)" D. O . (London), Bonesetter, Osteopathic physician and surgeon . )) He was prosecuted by the IVledical Defence Union under Section -W above but the mag!strate held that the word 'i oste~pathic " q uall.f ied the 'w ords" physician and surgeon)) and acq ulted the defendan t. On a case being stated to the Divisional Co u rt+ it was held that Shakesby was describing himself not only as a bonesetter, but also as a physician

* Rex V. Bunlee 86, L.]. K. B. 871. t Reg-ina V. Crook E. R. 175.

t Hewart, L. C. ] ., Avory & lacraghtcn JJ.

FIR S T

and surgeon, and the case \vas returned to the T\Iagistrate with an order tbat a conviction should be recordl.-d. There is a report of the appeal in The Times for ~Iay 12th, 1932. A St. John's man, who has treated a case privately, anj in "w hich difficulties have arisen will find great difficu Ity in ge~ting a registered medical practitioner to take over the case from ilim, as under Section 29 of the Act a registered man may be proceeded against, and may have his name removed from tIJe register (or I' covering," i.e., lending one's name to, or assisting an unregistered man to practice. In conclusion, let me say again, that in this and my last article I have dealt only with the position at Law, and not with the ethics of the First Aid institution to which the reader may belong. ---._.---

Lectures in Elementary Anatomy.~ By A DOCTOR. No. 2.-THE VERTEBRAL COLU:\lN.

THE vertebral column, spinal column, or back bone, is formed of a number of small irregular bones called vertebrae, separated by discs of cartilage. This bony column forms the axis of the body, and with it all the other bones of the body are connected either directly or indirectly. There are thirty-three bones in the vertebral column which is divided into five different regions. Cervical-7. Thoracic or Dorsal-12. Lumber-5. Sacral-5. Coccy geal-4. A typical vertebra consists of a body which is placed in front, from this spri ngs two arches form a canal through which the spinal cord passes; from the outer surface three projections arise, two from the sides which are lateral processes, and one posteriorly called a spinous process. The vertebrae are held together by stron a ligaments "w hich are attached to the processes, th~ latter also provide poin ts of attachment for muscles. There are small arches between the pedic1es of the vertebrae which allow the spinal nerves to pass through from the spinal cord. The average length. of the spinal column in the adult male is 28 inches, in the adult female 24 inches; a quarter of this length is made up of the intervertebral discs of cartilage. CU1'ves.- When viewed sideways the vertebral column has four curves, the convexity is forward "'* Reprinted by courtesy of the Irish iVursing and Hospital vVorlc.l.

A I D.

August, 1952 .

in the cervical region, backward in the thoracic, forward in the lumbar, and backward in the coccygeal portion. Ther is also a slight lateral curvature usually to the rigbt, in the upper thoraci~ region. This is said to be due to the more frequent u e of the right arm, as the curvature is to th left in left-handed people. Developmellt of Cltrl'es.- \Vhen a child is born the thoracic and pelvic curves alone are present. The cervical curve is devcloped when a child begins to hold up his head and to sit up the lumbar curve when he begins to walle The Atlas.-The fir t c rvical vertebra is called the atlas. It differs from the other cervical vertebrae in that it has no body and no spinous process. It consists of an anterior and a posterior arch, and two lateral masses, whi h upport the weight of the head, there being two concave surfaces called facets "w hich articulate ,,,ith the condyles of the occipital bone, and allow t11 nodding movement of the head, the foramen or opening in the lateral mass transmits the vertebral artery and the first spinal nerve. Tile Ax£s. - Or second cervical vertebra, differs from the others in that it ha a vertical tooth-like projection called the Odontoid process. This fits closely against the inner surface of the anterior arch of the atlas and is held in positi n by a powerful ligament. \Vhen the head i" turned the skull and the atlas rotate on the pro es " of the axis. This vertebra has a spinous process, a body and a small transverse process. Points in which the vertebrae of vanous regions differ: Cervz"cal Vertebrae.-Differ from the others by the presence of an aperture or foramen in the transverse process for the passage of the vertebral artery, vei n and a plexus of sym pathetic n rve . The Body-Is smaller and broader from side to side than from before backwards. The Spinous Process-Is short and bifid, except the seven th which is called" the vertebra prominens," its spinous process is long and nearly horizontal, not bifurcated, and can be easily felt at the back of the neck. THORACIC VERTEBRAE. The Bod£es increase in size from above downwards. The Sp£nous Processes are long and directed down wards. Facets for articulation with the ribs. LUMBAR VERTEBRAE. The Bodzes.- Very large bodies, wider from side to side than from before backwards. The T1"anverse Processes are long, slender and horizontal. The Spzno'lts Process is thick, broad and somewhat quadrilateral. The Sacrem is a large triangular-shaped wedge

FIR S T

August, 1952.

of bone, and is formed by the five sacral vertebrae being fused together. I t is fixed between the hip bones. The Coccyx is a small triangular bone consistina of vertebrae, the first sometimes exist as a separate bone, the remaining three being fused together: these correspond wi th the tail in the lower animals . The lhbs are long, lender bones; there are 24 ribs, twelve on ea h side. These are connected with the thoracic vertebra behind, and with the sternum in front. The first seven pairs are con ne teel to the stern urn by means of Costal Carttiages, and are aIled the True Ribs. The remaining five pairs are called "Fahe Rz"bs . The carti lages of the gth, 9th and 10th are each con nec.tcd ;~ the carti lage of the ri him med iately a~?ve It. 1 he 1.1 th and 1 Jth are called Float£ng ll.lbs because their anterior end is free. T/le . ~terlll{/lZ, or breast bone'is 0 a lon a flat " bone, and conSI ts of three parts, the ~lanubrium, the Body, ancl the Xiphoid pr cess. The latter is forme I of cartilage at first, but this becomes ossified in t~e adult. The ' " rtebral olumn, together with the ribs an ~ the sternum, form an elastic bony framework "hlCh prot ts th thoracic organs. It is so constructed that it expands and contracts with the expansion and contraction of the lunas in the act of respiration. b

Revised Home Nursing Textbook. \V I~ are a ked by the t.] ohn Am bu lance Association to announce that the revised edition of the Home N ursi ng Textbook, descri bed as the 4th Ed ition. i now on sale at St. John' Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C.l, price is. 6d. per copy, by post 1s. 7~d . . n and after Jan uary 1st, 1933, all exam inatlons in Home 1'\ ursing will be based on the syllabus in the revised (4th) edition; but, until that date, clas es which have been instructed on the old book may be examined on the svllabus in that book. Cen tre or class secretarie~ should therefore, when applying for examinations, stat~ on the form of application for examiner (Ref. A / E) whether the class has been instructed on the new or on the old book, in order that cxaminers may be advised accordingly. The re-examination of N ursin a Divisions of the St. John Am bulance Brigade will be based on the. old book until December 31st, 1932, after which date they will be based on the new book. The " DECORATORS'

« PAINTERS' MAGAZI NE"

8d. monthly) is lHE trade paper for all interested. " Pu h lts hin2' Office: .. 6. Cannon Street. E.C . 4.

A I D.

Detailed Marking Sheet, No. 37. TEA;\1 TEST. CARD OF INSTR(JCTION.-You four (with full equipment) are 011 your way to a public duty. As you are passing thi hall you hear a crash. The door being- open Bearer 1':0. -+ looks in to see what is the matter. Act as you should. OTE FOR JUDGE. -Patient was carrying- a trayful of cup~ and saucers when he stumbled O\'er a chair. He is found on his face, with a severe bruise on his forehead and at first is semi-conscious; but he comes round immediately. A piece of broken china is embedded in his Right Palm. He is also suffering from Simple Fracture of Rig-ht Patella. l1\DIEOIATE ACTION. Barer No.4-promptly summons his team Mode of advance of team on patient Prompt steps to keep back people Promptly collect debri and put in safet\' l OS. 1 & 3 ordered to prepare tretcher' Ask if doctor is quickly available (.\'0) ... If hospital (1 mile); if ambulance (L.c.e.) EXA:\I!;\"ATIO:-\ OF PATIEl\'T. A.sk patient where he i hurt (hand and leg) A k which leg (rigid) ; if yisible deformity (no) Test for wound (no) ; for loss of power (complete) ,\ k if any visible hcemorrhage (from hand only) Examine for irregularity (gap in patella) :\Iethod of turning- patient over on to back Note colour of face (pale) ; breathing (slzalloul) Test pulse (,weak) ; temperature of skin (cold) Exclude injury to head other than bruise Exclude injury to other limb spine, trunk

6 6 4 4 6 of 4-

THEATME:\T OF PATIENT. l\lake patient comfortable and 100 en clothes Prompt attention to wound in Right Palm Prompt compression Ulnar and Radial Arterie \Vhile foreig-n body extracted and wound dressed

46 6 6

(~V. B.-If fore/gil bod)' Z"S extracted

before arter£es are compressed no marks to be g z"'i!t7l). Asl:~ if .\Yo.und no\\' free from foreign body (yes) Paint .lOdlne on ,,"ound and surrounding skin Dress1l1g : pad and bandage; Sl. John ling Raise and support head and shoulders Straighten and raise right lower limb Apply back splint fro111 buttock to heel Fix plint by bandage at thigh and leg arrow bandage with centre abo'1'/1 knee-cap Under splint and tied just below knee-cap uppod foot ,,"ell ofT ground on box .\pply cold dres ing- oyer fracture ... Cover patient warmly; ask if comfortable To bruise 011 forehead apply clean lint Soaked in equal part pirit and ,\"aler Ring up hospital and report on case ... Ring up and summon ambulance (S 7Il/l/Zdes)

4-+ 6 6

4-+ 6

TRANSPORT OF PATIENT. Tactfully explain circumstances to patienl And need to take him Lo hospital ."" l\Iethod of loading tretcher and of advance Report to L. C. C. attcndan t General efficiency and smartness of team Competence of No.4 in charge of team Total

2 2

44 4

+ 186

FIR S T

A I D.

August, 193 2.

will do . A broken collar-bone should be treated in the same way . First Aid Outdoors. A BROKEN LEG should be bound to a firm roll of newspaper, an By A TRAINED NURSE. umbrella or walking stick, from abovc one joint to below the other, each end of the injury. Be very ACCIDENTS are continually happening, and all of careful not to jerk the leg, and fix firm I y so that us who move about have at one time or another a an end of the bone does not get driven through the chance to give assistance as first aid . Street acci skin j so causing a serious complication . If no dents are on the increase, and in London alone object is near for splinting, the sound leg will make over 100 persons are inj ured every day. Apart a very good one . from traffic accidents, cases of illness and mishap, IN CON U 10 OR TUNJ I;\,G where prompt aid may be rendered by people in the vicinity, are legion. Yet it is no uncommon the worst thing you can do is to CTive stimulants, thing to see a knot of anxious people crowding or to move the victim. Apply cold \ ater to the round a prone figure in the gutter, not only not head, and if blood or clear fluid is i uing fr m thc helping, but actually hindering his chances of nose or ears it may mean that thc skull i fractured. speedy recovery. and movement is exceedingly dano-erous. lear a space even if in the midst of heavy traffi , and do SHOULD A PERSON BE SEIZED WITH A F AINTnot attempt to move the patient to one side of the Il\'G ATTACK road until skilled help arrives . in the train, car or street, he should be laid flat, Motor-car colI isions are often the occasion of with head low and on one side. Loosen the collar severe bleedings from cuts, window a lass or windand belt, so that the flow of blood to the brain is screen bei ng a common cause. I m mediate pre u rc not impeded. Do not, 077 any account, gz"ve stz"muof a clean folded handkerchief tightly bandaged lants. If the patient's face is flushed, raise the suffices to stop the flow until the wound an bc head, turn on one side and remove false teeth. attended to. Veins are the most usuall\' affc ted, Make use of any member of the crowd who appears being near the skin surfa e, the blo;d no\\'ing helpful to send for assistance, doctor or policeman. steadily in a dark stream. If thc blood is bright - If the prone position is impossible, as it may and spurts, an arlery is sevcrcd, and a tight bandbe in a crush, push the patient's head between the age must be bound very tightly round the limb knees. above the wound (on the side nearest the heart) in addition to the pad on the wound, to slacken thc A PERSON IN A FIT pressure of hlood. For thc same reason raise thc will probably be rather violent. Endeavour to limb. Soaking in clean hot or cold \\at r (ir a\ailkeep him flat, with a coat under his head, and use able) will also arrest bleeding while linen is bing restraint, if necessary, to prevent him injuring procured. himself. False teeth should be taken out, and a ELECTRIC IIOCK wedge, such as a bit of rubber, a cork or pencil by touching a "live" cable or rail are specia lly wrapped in a handkerchief, should be placed terrifying to the onlooker, who should never rush between the teeth, far back and in such a position to the rescue wi thout at least protecti ng hi msclf by that it cannot be swallowed. Keep the head on wrapping his hands in several thicknesses of dry one side if possible. Give no stimulants. When cloth before pulling the victim away with a stick. he recovers, he will need to sleep, and should be An indiarubber doormat or an indiarubber m8.ckassisted to a resti ng place nearby, or taken home intosh coat to stand on is another emergency preat once to bed . caution. Failing that: a piece of glass or dry BROKEN Bo" ES wood may be at hand to break contact with the are not al \Va ys obvious when a person falls or is earth, your own body being a conductor. Treat a knocked down. If you suspect a broken limb, case of shock with artificial respi ration as for judging by the swelling and pain, or the unnatural _ drown ing, and rush to hospital. way it is bent, the lim b should not be moved, but FIRE AND FUMES. should be straightened and bound above and below Should you be in a position to aid the rescue the injury to something rigid, while the patient is of people in a burning house, place a wet handkerbeing moved to hospital. Don't feel about for the chief or stocking over your nose and mouth and fracture. If the break is in any part of the arm, crawl or creep as near the ground as possible. If don't waste time with splints. The doctor will be the rescued person is insensible, loosen neck and much more impressed if you support and firmly fix chest clothing, dash water over the face, and if he the arm across the chest, palm in, and fingers appears no longer to breathe, treat as for a drowned pointing to opposite shoulder. Pieces of clothing person . knotted and tied round chest, arm and shoulder

FIRST

August , 193 2.

IN TIIE CASE OF RE CUE FROM DROWNING the Schafer system of restoration is simple . rm mediatel y lay the patien t chest downwards . face to one side, arms extended downwards . Kncel al~ngside or squat astride him, looking towards hiS head . Grasp his sides just below ribs with your .hands, and bending forward with your arms straight, press firmly and steadily down \\ards. whilst counting one-two three. Relax, CO\I n t~ ng til ree sl~wl y, and repeat, alternately relieVing and p.resslng patient's stomach against the ground, unttl he starts to breathe. Turn him him over into a natural posture, and get him mo\'cd to a place where his wet clothes can be remo\'ed and warmth applied to thighs, armpits, and sole of his fcet, and hc can be allowed to s lecp. OR PRJ-UN sho uld be treated immediately with cold water bandages, bound firmly on. Do not let the TW[,)TED

A I D.

the lower lid, or pull up the upper lid inside out over a pencil or match pressed gently below the brow, and brush it to the inside edge of the eye with the corner of a handkerchief. If the grit is immovable, close the eye, bandage it with a soft wet pad and handkerchief, and see the victim safely to a doctor. Do not attem pt to remove a particle that is obviously imbedded in the eye . You may cause an ulcer resulting in blindness. HEAT STROKE, COYIMONLY CALLED S1JNSTROKE, causes sudden faintness, dizziness, and sometimes complete insensibility . Lift into the shade, or away from the heat. Remove clothes from neck and chest, pour water from a height over the head and back of neck .-Health and Efficiency .

-----. -- .-----St. Andrew's Ambulance Association.

NKLE, STJ{AI.'\1

OUTRA [ PRESS Al\1BULA CE SECTI0 1 . During the past month there has been a lack, from the Fir_l Aider's point of view, of anything of an outstanding

Essex/ 59 V.A. D. British Red Cro s Sociely, East Ham Detachment, the Re\,. P . D. Beckwith, Commandant.

patient attempt to hobble along on it. DzslocaNons should never be attempted to be reduced by an ~mate ur. . K~ep motionless by a support, as Judgement 1I1dlcates. DOG BITES ARE FORTUNATELY RARE children being the more usual victims by acc~sting ~trange dogs or by unkind treatment of the animal. fhe mai n object is to remove any poison there may be in the wound. Squeeze the blood towards ~e w~und, and suck it. Then app ly clean linen. he bite should at once be cauter ised by a doctor. GRIT IN THE EYE m~y cause such intense ' pain that the victim is bltnded and helpless for the time. Draw down

nature to report. The usual tanding duties have been covered and, in the theatre work, there ha\'e been one or two cases attended to. \Vithin the precincts of the office no case of serious injury falls to be reported, though the:e. have been thr e sent to the infirmary for attention. !ndlvl?ual members Rave sent in a number of reports deal~ng w~th cases of first aid rendered by them while on holiday 111 vanous parts of the country. Service stars were issued to three members of the Section for three years' efficient sen'ice in the Corps. . Preparation is being made for the resumption of classe In the autumn, when it is hoped to run a serie of first-aid lectures under the au pices of the As ociation. It is anticipated that quite a number will avail themseh'es of this opportunity of gainin'g a knowledge of first aid. It is at 0 ho~ed to o~g-anise a series of special monthly lectures on vanous subJects which might prove of interest to the members of the Section .

FIRST

fetters

E;ditor.

the

We are in no way responsible for the npinions explessed , or the statements made , by Correspondents.- EDITOR. ~IEDIC:\L

PRACTITIONER

.-\ND FIRST AID.

DEAR SIR,-

Dr. Hammer has im'ited readers to butt into this controversy; the first thing I IllU t do, a a layman, is to thank him for the extremely informati\'e article he ha given us in your journal, and hope he will give us more in due course. The" little dissertations" stimulate us to try and learn a little more in " N"ature's Infinite Book" but do lIot bring on that distressing complaint-swelled head (Cronial Oedema). I take off 111)' hat, metaphorically, to the splendid Ii t of medical men (dead and living) who ha\'e implified the little Black Book for u . "Canadiani\LD." should do like these ha\'e done and are doing, set their 'Nits to work to devi e how the interest in the Black Book can be kept up. It is possible to absorb a few scientific fact, simply put \yithout getting the " superiority complex" in the realm of science. E. C. J,DIES. THE Ai\IBUL\NCE

~1A~

PUBLIC DUTY.

DEAR SIR,-

This article by Captain lorman HalJ1mer, 1. R. C. S., L.R.c.P., Capt. R.A.i\l.C. (T.A.), County Surgeon S.J.A.B. must have invoked the deepest interest of all those who are engaged upon the humanitarian work of First Aid to the Sick and Injured. .\5 a militari t I ag-rce with many of his statements, but as a member of the St. John Ambulance Brig-ade it does appear to me that skeleton sc/zemes, based upon the R. A.l\1. C. system (\·iz. stretcher bearers, regimental aid post, advanced dressing station, field ambulance, main station, casuality clearing station, hospitals, etc., etc.) would re ult in needless transport and delay so far as concerns 99 per cent. of our Public Duties. "We are. en'ing a cidlian population who are under the disciplinary control of the police authorities; our duty is to render First Aid to the Injured and Sick and large general hospitals are, as a rule, com·eniently at hand for the disposal of our cases. The "particular occasion," mentioned by Captain Hammer, when "the work of the individuals was badly co-ordinated," requires very careful consideration. Perhaps the Officer in charge of the Public DUlY was not competent or, more probably, he was handicapped by the absence of important mem bers of his personnel. 1aybe the natural keenness of the members on duty was damped by the casual behaviour of the late comers. Perhaps the police authorities failed to control the members of the civilian population, and an undisciplined mob is sometimes hopelessly uncontrollable. Finally, and one hardly likes to voice the question, \-vere all those on duty fully cognizant of their obligations in regard to strict discipline, obedience and punctuality? In my humble judg-ement a skeleton sc/zeme could not overcome difficulties originated by unforseen eventualities; this has been proved, on countless occasions, even in connection with the R.A. M.C., during hostilities. The analogy of 'c the brick" is delightful but too confined . What of the more important supports of the building? Captain Hammer quotes our military brethren, but they obey orders implicitely, officers and rank and file alike: they are, therefore, at their post of duty when required . The absence of any important support, at the time of the constru ct ion of the building, may necessitate a last

August, 193 2.

A I D.

minute alteration in the plan of the architect (OITiccr-inCharge) which considerably w('akens the completcd tructure . There is nothinO' wrong with the public duty organization of the Sl. J ohn Ambulance Brig-ade, and schemes, or skeleton sc1lellJes, are us ele in the ab. ence of discipline and implicit and imm ediate obedience. The success of any crusade, or \'oluntary undertaking, depend upon enthu iasm which must be arou ed and maintained on all occasion. If \YC allow ourseh'cs to become lax, lo\'enly or casual the result will spell failure. Obedience ensures di cipline and, in turn, co-operation and co-ordination- then emciency needs no ('eking. Example is bett r than precept. F. E. BENDIX, L.R.C.P., l\f.R . . . , aptain R.A.l\1. ., S.R., County urgeon St. John .\Illblil ance Brigade FOUR LETTERS POINT 0 IE l\10R.\L. DEAR S[R,--

I hm'e r('ad with plea ure the letter from < < . \ Candid Friend" published under the heading < < On Parade" in your J ul), issue. Thi letter, pointing out a it docs a 1110-t unusual breach of good beha\'iour on the part of 1 he L. J onn Officers, emphasize what I am dri\'ing at ill two of 111)' articles-" The Ambulance :'I1an on Public Duty." and "The Ambulance 1\lan in the Public Eye" that the ti111C has come when some teps could with ad\'antag-e lw taken to rai e the tandard, and hence the prestige, of olTicer . . l)f First Aid L' nits. In am)ther letter, published in the same nUlllhL'r, Divisional Surg-eon -:\. S. B. Vinter writes from Bristl11, dcscribing a course of trainin~ that is proviclccl for olTicer'of another well-known voluntary organization. Ag-ain, in th~ same issu~, t,\·o letters are publishcd under the hcac.1ing- "The Role of the BrigaclL' Surt;cnn " so, olwioll ... ly, others beside Illy elf have bct.:n thinkin~. The tillll:' has g-one \\'hen the Brig-adl' nccc.1 be . . atisfi<.·d with all)' material for its officer and surgeons. Its reputation is such that both doctors nnd ht\ Illen arc prllud to wear its uniform. Let them therefore' quah/l' tn Iwlc.1 their ranks; after all, the newly joined pri\'ate ha~ tl1 qualif) for entry by attending- a course of instruction and, further, has to reqllalify each year. If and when orrlcially organised ancl oDicially conducted instruction is given to a ll First Aid officers, the re ult i bound to be that the practical eIftciency and usefulne!-l of the Brigade as a whole will be still further increased. Vve have a new Chief Commissioner, a new Surgeon-inChief and a new As istant Surgeon-in-Chief-all men of stirling worth. Will anything happen? I am, yours faithfully, ORl\IA , II Ai\L\IER. ON PARADE. DEAR SIR,-

Although it is not my custom to criticise letters appearing in your Paper, I feel it my duty to criticise the letter " On Parad e" written by a so-called "Candid Friend" in your July issue. Hi s letter though camounaged here and there by an apparent admiration for the Brigade, is a strong criticism of the officers of the Brigade, both particular and in general, in regard to their behaviour on parade; and an assertion that the conceit of the male members of the Brigade in general is detrimental to their efficiency. A "Candid Friend" apparently talks as a man of experience in regard to discipline, having been in the Artillery, K.R.R., and R.A.M.C. As officer in command of No.1 Battal ion on the right of the parade to wbich he refers, I definitely and absolutely chall enge his statt'me nt, that my officers 01- myself, were

FIRST

August, 193 2.

moving about and talking during the time that the parade wa at" ,\tlention ." I \\'ould lik e to draw" Canclid Friend's" attention to the fa.ct tha.t thesc officers are rractically all men with lon~ expenence In the Army, both before, cluring-, ancl after the \Var, and as such ar strict cli'iciplinarians. They uncl rstand and obey the \\'orcls of command and are far too loyal to their Commissioner to ever dream of not obevin'" hi order. - In~regard to the conceit of the men in general, personall\' prefer their conceit in their appearance and \\'ork, anti encourage it. It never ha. done any man an) harm to be conceited as to hi smart appearance. In reg'ard to" 'andid Friends" decision that a member of the Bri~acle be asked to com a J nstructor in First .\id to his Frontiersmen but nol a . an ollicl'r, I fail to see hi~ point. \\'e are alway.., willing- to help in the teachin£{ of Fir t .\id, but if he wi..,hl's us to comc and instruct himself and his Fronlier<;ll1l'n in gentJem,tnly conduct, I am afraid that \\'ould he impo.., . . ihle. \\'e, as ol~i:e.rs of the Brigade, are always willing- to ha\l~ helpful CritiCism, but we spend tl)l) much time <It our hobhy (and it l'l'quires an incrl'a~ing' rlnwllnl of timc e\er) year).to re~td crilici"'l11 which i. . llcither Cl1rrect Iwr helpful, and In "PIll' l1f .. -andid Friend's" \·ituperatioll. we !-lhall continue tll carryon l1ur \\'l)rk to the hest of our ability, a..; lli1iccrs amI gl'ntkn Cll. A. . \\'IIITI'. !\::-:ox. .\s<;i . . tanl COlllmissioncr Xorthcrt1 .\rca, ~o. 1 Di . . tri~t.

J\mbulance j'{ ews euttings from the 3ltess. The Erlilor invites I~ea(lt~ S II) send l,tw raper cUlIin~s on mailer nr general inle< e-I for inclU'i .n in Ihis c',}u~ . n.

Boy· .... FXI' .\L F\LL. _ .\lcxand. r lin)d~ aged 11. l)f Skchfl)rd, Birmingham, fell from. a high .tenclng and hi: ~Ol~t pas . . l'd lhn)ugh a pane of glass 111 the Window of an adjOining hut. An arten was se\'er d and Bo) d died \\ ithin t hrce minutes. J)at'~) Jlat?

100 I),\y .... OF' ARTIFICI.\L RE">l'm \rro:-<. It i reponed from Ncw York that a is-year old schoolboy has .c~ll1pleted 100 day · under arLille'ial re piration. IllS phYSICians state that this is the longest period on record. __ The .boy \\'~IS stricken with infantile paral}' is, which allecled hiS re plratory mu cles, and c\'er sincc ha been in a mechanical respirator. The doctol- says he is uncertain \\'1~eJ1 the boy can be taken from the machine.-.1Iedt'cal rr orld. DYIN , l\L·\ "s 200 MILE

J Ot'RKE\,.

. The tragedy of a dying man who was taken 200 miles .m a motor-coach after an accident was the subject of an Inquest at Liverpool. He was a merchant's clerk, aged twenty-four, of Hiahgat~. He <.lied fro111 meningitis following a fractured sl~11 re~elved when a motor-cycle on which he was ridinO' pillion skidded on the main London road near Dun table. :-. . A wjtn~ss stated that he was driving the motor-cycle dunng a thIck fog when the machine skidded, and both were thrown. A motor-coach bound for Liverpool came along, and the deceased was placed in it. The Coroner said that it seemed a pity that the decea ed man travelled so far with a fractured skull. He mio'ht ha~e been taken to. t.he nearest hospital, but apparently the senous ness of the Injury was not realised. -.f)al'!J' Express.

A I D.

Principles of First Aid. Do not assume death is there, For sometimes a doctor can't declare: But you must treat him as you should, And try to do him a little good. Remove the cause of injury or The patient from the cause, And just abide by the first aid laws. If you're not dull of apprehension, You'll give the hcemorrhage first attention. Then see that plenty of air abounds, Keep back the crowd that gathers round. If the breathing has ceased, at once restore it By chafer's method; doctors adore it.

Place him in a position for rest, As a first aider you' ll know best. The use of pillows this time round \Vill keep his head from off the ground . Keep the patient nice and warm And preven t tern perature going down. If the skin is broken and unclean Clean it and apply iodine. ' IE the wound looks to be poisoned, Constrictions vou will find O. K. In preventing"it from going its way . Poisons taken should not be allowed to res, t Or they prove unpleasant pests. , 0 act as you should and do your best, And lea VC' the doctor to do the rest.

Remove to shelter as best you can, And await the arrival of a medical man . Don't remove clothing un less req uired, For by now you'll be getting tircd. Don't give alcohol until doctor comes But give him ::tny of the other ones. ' Smelling salts and sprinkling will do no harm; And always try to keep him "'arm . Don't think that you are the doctor, And your work will not falter.

Binding Copies of "F. A." KEEP your Copies of FIRST AID clean and tidyhave them bound . Send your copies for the last Volume (July, 1931, to June, 1932) and we will return same bound in an attractive case of leather cloth with the title of. the publication in gold letters ~n the front and SIde and the eight pointed cross o n front for 6s., post free . ' Complete Volumes can be supp lied at 9s., post free. Binding Cases only, 2s . 9d. post free . Orders should be sent to DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CA TNON STREET, LONDON, E .C.4.

Au CTust, 1932.

A I D.

FIR S T

Our Nurses' Pages. ~---------------------

COMPIL E D

AMBULANCE it

BAKBURY :\IUR INC Dlnsro~, S.J.A.B.-The progress made by this Division during the first year of its existence was made apparent when the report \yas read at the first annual general meeting held at Banbury Town Hall, on londay, July 4th. During the year, nine new ambulance si ters had been enrolled. It \"as hoped that six more ladies would haye joined before the end of the current year, and that the Di\'ision ,,'ould be registered as a "oluntary :\id Detachment. Since the regi tration of the Diyision in December, 1931, members had made 105 attendances at the hospital, 42 with the ambulance and 10 on public duty. During the first half of 1932, they had made 80 attendances at the hospital, and 76 with the ambulance, while there had been an attendance at drill of 72 per cent. o~ the mem bership. In 193 1, donations to the amount of £104 had been recieved, including the proceeds of a flag day and £25 kindly gi\"en by the men's Division. This year the flag day had realised £21, and donations amounting to 10/ - had been received. :\bout two-thirds of this money had been spent on uniforms and equipment.

TO . 22 (HARROW) N(;RSING DI\'ISION, S.J.A, B. ,-At the H\eeting held on \Vednesday, July 20th, \'vhen this Division closed down for the summer holidays, a special yote of thanks \\'as accorded to Capt. Sherwood of the 9th Batt., Middlesex Regiment, for the use of the Drill Hall, Roxeth, for Divi sional meetings. In spite of haying no headquarters, the Division has been very acti\'e. :\lembers ha\'e undertaken many public duties, both locally and in London, and regular attendances ha\'e been made at the Harrow and vVealdstone Hospital, Torthwood Hospital, Royal Opthalmic Hospital ( loorfields) , and the Child Welfare Clinic A course of lectures in first aid \vas arranged for nonmembers by the Division at which the lecturer was Dr. l\lungo Park; and another in home nursing, the lecturer being Dr. Alice Burn. Dr. Alderson examined the candidates at the end of the first aid course, and Dr. Tudor Edwards those from the home nursing course. A lursing Cadet Division, attached to the senior Division, has been registered, and has 14 members under the command of Miss E. Atkins, the proposed Lady Cadet Officer. They attended the annual inspection held in Hyde Park on June 25th of this year. On February 4th, the Division was honoured by a visit of inspection from the Lady Supt.-in-Chief Lady Perrott, R . R. c., and on February 18th the V.A. D. members were inspected by ~1ajor Strachan on behalf of the \Var Office. Competitions for the cups presented by l\Jrs. G, Exeter, for general efficiency, and by 1\1 r, W. W . 'W orkman, for bed making, have also been held. At the first of these, Ambulance Sister Miss Rottenbourg and Ambulance Sister Miss Hanson tied for first place, and at a further test the judge, the Divisional Surgeon, placed Miss Rottenbourg first, Miss Hanson being only one mark behind. Ambulance Sisters l\liss F. Dean and fiss r. Fraser won the cup for bedmaking, and will represent the Division in the District Competition for bed making in 1933. The judge for this test was Miss O'Brian, District Inspector of the Mmistry of Health. Altogether, the officers and members of the Harrow

•

SIST E R.

Nursing Di\'ision may \yell feel satisfied with the work the)' have performed during the first seven months of thc year. SPE 'CE R ~URSING DI\'ISION, S.].A, B. [cmbers of this Division paid a la t tribute of re pect to (ne of their numher, Irs. F. L. Dick, 011 Friclay, July 15th, when her body \\'as laii to rest at Ecton. The Ambulance isters, under the command of Lach Supt. ~lrs. S. Lieve ley and Lady i\mbulance Ollicer i\li!>~<; Fox, lined the pathway from the g-ate to the door of Ecton Church at which the funeral sen'ice was held. The service, which was choral, \\'as conducted hy Canon Jephson of Ecton, assisted by the Re\,. J. L. art\\ right, Vicar of Christ Church, orthampton. The La<;L Po~t ",as sounded at the graveside by SergeanL Elliott of the S,] . •\. 13. Among the large number of noral tribute was one frOIll the Spencer Nursin~ Di\ ision. Lady District upL :'I1rs. Han'eyRee\'es deeply rL'g-n,'tlcd her inability to attend the funeral. V. A, D. CO~IPETITIO~ AT \\TORCESTER. The annual competition for the Cup kindly pre ented by the Counte~~ of PlYl11l)uth to the Voluntary .\id Detachments in \\ 'orce~te r shire, was held at \\'orcester last month. The judges, Col. G W. Goddard, D, .0" Dr. E. E\'ans, of Kiddermin ter, and :\1 iss Tan'e r (Lady upl. of the City and County Nursing .\ sociation) kindly arranged the tests in first aid and home nursing for the competing teams. Six teams entered, and out of a total possible of 400, the following marks were scored :-13 rol11 gro\c, 316; vVorcester, 31+; ~lah'e rn, 279 ; Redditch, 220 ; \Vychbold and Hartlebury, 176 each. At the close of the competition, a Lady Plymouth was absent owing to indisposition, the County Controller, Gcneral Sir F. Da\ves, asked Viscountess Cobham to present the Plymouth Cup to Bromsgrove, the winning team, and also the badges and certificates to members of the various detachments who had earned them during the pa t year. ST. VINCENT DE PAUL AND TIIE TURSI,,-,G PROFESSION. -One of those to whom the nursing profession owes a debt which can never be fully estimated, is Sl. Vincent de Paul, who was born in 1576, and who dedicated the whole of his long life to the care of the poor and needy, and the uplifting of the nursing profession from the low state into which it had fallen. Up to the time of the Reformation, nursing the sick was carried On solely by devoted, highly educated \-\'o men, mostly nuns, INho performed these services as acts of piety. According- to the knowledge of their day, their standard of ef-ficiency was very high. About 1520-1545, the monasteries and nunneries in this country were suppressed, and the monks and nuns took refuge abroad. There was no one to tend the sick, who died uncared for. On the Continent, too, the nursing profession had fallen into a very low state. There were not enough hospitals for the sick, and it is recorded that at the Hotel Dieu in Paris there were at times as many as eight patients in One bed. St. Vincent de Paul was born in Gasgony, in the village

August, 193 2.

FIRST

of Pouy, and although his parents were buL poor peasants, they succeeded in having him trained for the Church, as was his great desire. A man of great sympathy, the distress of the poor touched hi . heart, and while he was a priest at Chatillon les DOll1bes, he persuaded a number of wealthy women of the parish to band til msel\'es together to do what they could to allcyiate the pO\'e rtr and urrering around them. These pious ladies thcmsehe supplied the ncces ities they distributed to their poorer brethren. The work of this Iiulc band was SUt h a SUCCE'SS, that St. Vincent de Paul formed it into a permanent body, and it'> members hcnceforth were known as ,. Le Dames de la Charite. " This organisation gre\\ heyond all expectations, and soon branches were establi hed all o\er 1'rance and pread to other countrie as \\ ell. IL Il1l' ll1bers \\'N al 0 known under the title of "The er\'ant~ of the Poor." The\ \\'ere not tied b\ an\ \OW \\ hich neces,>itatcd their \\'ithdra\\~~11 into ,l life of!o: lu~il)n, a~ \\cr the nuns; Lhe) were to be "in the world but not of the \\'o rld, " The\ fir'il i1llcd as \'isiting nurscs, attcndint.:' the patienh in thl,rr t)\,\ n hom s after the ph) sician had Sl.'tn the 'iit']'; person-. and pre..,crihed treatment. .\n) thint.: that thL') required for their patiL'llts the), prO\ idL'd thL'lll~eh l'-'. In his gTl';tt \\l)lk, Sl. \ 'i nc'Lnl dL' Paul was largE'l)' ,l'i-. i-.ted b~ ,\ [ Ill' . k' (;ras, a young \\'i dL)\\' of Paris, \\'ho \\,;[., Ilotl'd flH' hL'r piou . . \\ t)rk'i. ShL' brought to hi'> notice the tlrribll.' cL1nditil1n llf till' 11O . . pitab of Paris, and helped him to organise a large hl1(1\' llf nohle lauies to a~si'it with the nursing- tlf the (ll)llr in -the Ilo~ritaJ:.,. For a till1L', all went \\'L, II WiLh Lhis scheme. 1\ cessiLies and dclicaci 'S \\ L're pl'l)\idl'll for thl! <,ick 11) these \ oluntary \\ orkn-. ill adllit ion to llwir per:,onal ~en ill';' which tl1('), ga\ e to actual nursing-, But 'iOl1ll' of them ~oon tired of doingg-ood in this \\":1). :Ind SL'nt their sen anl'> in their plac~, :\aturally, lhi~ . . ')lln pro\L'd highl) un.,atisfnctlH-). \\'hik \ i~iling llthl" country districh, l. \'incent de Paul disCt)\ L'll'd lhal tllL're \\'L'r~ mall) \\ omen, pil)uS and . ... If-~acrificing-. \\ 110 \\ o ulll g-Iadl) ell) \\ hat lhe) could to help the poor and the 'iick. .\lal1\ of lhem were not so hi " hly ~'~ucate el Ilor of SlIl h gl'nllc i)irth as t hose ladies who Ilad Jl)llll'd " Le~ Dame", de la 'haritL'," and some of them w(>re thcl11se llcs poor; hul thl') \\ere all eng-nand willing-to help. .\ccordingl), .'t. Vinccnt de Paul nrolled them under an Order to he kno\\"n a, "Les Fillcs de la Charite," and this Order still ('xi b to-day under the title of "The i~ters of t. Vine nt de Paul." It was laid down that th member of this n(>w Orcler were only La help the poor. Rule - wer drawn up for their ~uida nce, instructing them as to their duties, and introducIng a certain amout of discipline. Iany at the members worked under the guidance of the Dame de la Charite, and son:e proved themse lves 0 tru tworlhyand so de\'oted to the ir work, that th ilen'ice were speedily soug-hl by most of t he branches of the -e nior in titution. Fin~ing tI~at it wa de irablc to gi\'e the girl instruction as to their dutIes and beha\"iour, l\Il1e. Ie Gra took a number of t.hem !n.to her OWI~ home, and there I' r onall) supen'i ed theIr traInIng. Their numbers increased 0 much that it \\ a impossible for them all to be taught in this way, and so 'Luarters were found for lhem in St. Lazare, a suburb of the I'rench capital. . The Sociely of the Sisters of St. Vincent de Pau l grew rapidly, and soon spread all ov r the world , About 2 000 ce,ntres in all were established, and the members set up'alld starred very many homes and hospitals. The Sisters were dcep~y religiou , but the only vow they took was one of obedience And of serv ice to the poor, and this they not only made wl~en they joined the Society, but were required to renew It each year. I They nursed the poor in hospitals and in their own 10mes ; they vi<;ited prisons and penitentaries, and s uccoured

A I D.

the sick there; they established homes for fallen women and for foundlings, and also asylums; they even looked after the sick on s lave galleys. Many poor children o\>ved what education they received to these good women who taught the little one in their own homes and in schools. L1.ter, the Sisters undertook the nursing of the sick and wounded on the battlefield, and in naval and military hospitals. In fact, this Society filled the g::ip between the period when the sick were cared for wholly by those who had entered upon a life of seclusion under a religious \'ow, and that when it became a profession for lay members irrespective of creed or religion. To-day, in this country, there are a large number of women \-\'110 ha\'e taken the vow of the Order of the Sisters of St. Vincent de Paul, and who yearly renew it on ~larch 25th, the anni\'ersary of the day on which i\lle. Ie Gras took her first \'O \\'. Behind these two great charitable organi ations was St. Vincent de Paul, a remarkable man, \\'hose eyes were ever r ad)' to discern s!Jrrering, and whose mind was ever busy eeking means to aile' iate it. \Yith wonderful foresight he organised the e t \-\'0 large bodies; \\'ith \\"onderful tact he instructed Les Dames de la Charite as to their beha\'iour \\'hen th ey \'i ited the hospitals as voluntary workers, and at the same Lime gained lhe good\\'ill of those who were at that Lime in charge of the nursing at those ho pitals, so that they \\'elco med the ladie who had \'olunteered to as ist in lightening their ever increa ing burden of sick-nursing. He '\'as also \'ery practical. He realised that no institution can last unless it is well organi ed and has sound rules for the guidance of its members. For twenty years he strove to put the Order of the i ters of St. \'incent de Paul upon a firm foundation. Profiting by the experience which only time and the actual working out of his plans could gi\'e him, he add d to and modified the rules of the Order until they were in that form in which he could say the foundation of the ociety \\"::is ure. To this great man the nur ing profession in all countries owe much. He li\'ed to see hi s good deed bear fruit uch as he could not ha\'e dreamed of in tho e early days of his youth when he wa a peasant lad, stri\'ing to enter the priesthood and gi\'e hi life to the sen'ice of other. He died at the age of 84, and was canonised for his good works in 1737. I tems (Di dsional news and competition~, social, interesting duties, lectu res, etc.), for this page sbould be sent to Ambulance SiSler, c/o T he E dito r, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon Sr. , London, E. C.4.

LII COLN ANn DISTRICT A~IBULANCE SOCIETY. - This Society has to report continued progress during the pa t month, both as reg-ard Fir t Aid duties and general org-ani ation . Lecture in Home N ur ing by liss 1\1. Vale, upt. Nurse, were compl ted and the examination by Dr. haw Crisp held 011 July 7th. Results are now to hand and ho\\' credit to all concerned, 27 candidate passed out of 29. thus qualifying for Briti h Red Cros Society' awards. The flag day held on ugust 6th was a great success, fa\'oured by fine weathel- and a large number of energetic workers together with the ob\'ious sympathy of the general pub lic over £87 was co ll ected. The Committee wish to thank a ll helpers.

We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretaries and others with specimen copies of this Journal for distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers, FIRST AID, 40 Cannon 5t., London E.C.4.

FIRST

August. 1932.

A I D.

Al.:T110RI ED CONTENTS OF POU l!.

"ueries and J\nswers eorrespondents.

~ueries will be dealt with under the following rules:1. -Letters

containing Queries must be marked on the top lefL hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID , 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4· 2. -Ali Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the J(lurnal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue. 3, -The T eKtbook, to which refe) er.ce may be made in. lhes~ column is the 38th (1928) Edition ofS J.A.A. Manual ofFlIst Ald.

TREAnlENT OF CREOSOTE POISONI:-\G. A. 1. (Dereham).-I enclose a ne\y p~per cutting in ,,,hich there is a report of the inquest of a youn~ m~n (aet 20) who died as I he rE'sult of CreosotE' POlson.mg. Tl:e members of our Division will be grateful lf you wtll kindly give your \'iews as to the correct treatment. Creosote is obtained from wood tar and contains auaiacol creosol and small quantities of other phenol. Treatme~t should, therefore, be as for Carbolic Acid Poisoning.-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

EX . Ull 'ATION HOWLER. T.]. (Ammonford). - ln a recent examination a ~andidate was asked how he would know that a patlent \\'a~_ dead. \\'ilhout hesitation, he replied: " I 7flollld see 1/ tlze bh71ds were d07,un." Good!

Text, please! ! - ~.C.F.

ARTIf'lCIAL RESPIRATION WITII PATIENT IN BED. ]. P. (faunton).-If a p::tient is. in. bed, would it be of .a ny use to apply artioClal resplratlOn or do you conslder that we should remO\'e patient from bed to floor be~ore commencing artificial respiration? We shall appreciate your views on this poinL. On the one occasion when I was faced with this problem, I lifted patient from bed and pla~ed him .on .a mat on the floor before I commenced artd1clal reSplratlOn.T.C.F.

PUBLIC DUTY PROBLDl. W. B. (Durham).-Can you tell me any reason why public duty should not be performed now and aga1l1 on Sundays by those who are supposed to be Ch~rch people? Surely if it is good .en.ough to do duty tor a cheap sho'w on a week day, It IS good enough tv help those in need on Sunday.

G. S. (Thurcroft). -At a recent in pection \~'e were told that not one of us had his pouch correctly hlled. 0 please tell us what are the ollicial contents. Dress Regulations (p. 10) tell you that the authorised contents of the pouch are : 1 triangular bandage 1 1-in. wrapp~d roller bandRge 1 2-in. \.wapped roller bandage 1 ~-oz. packet plain lint 1 ~-oz. packet absorbent colton wool 1 pair of scis or 6 safety pi ns 3 ampoule iodine tincture 1 piece strong cane for tightening- improvised tourniquet. . . If you want an aid to memory for .these nllle l~eJll , then think what articles you would requlrc for dre Slllg a wound with arterial hrelllorrhage.-N. C. F.

lEDDLESOl\1E FIRST AID.

].l\L (South Bank). - As a r~gular corre l:onde~lt of FIHST AlD, I know that you dellght to teach I1r~t cud and that at the S<ime timc you enjoy a joke. 0 r enrlo c the report of an accident which was publi ' hed in all seriousness a few \veek ai{o in a local new paper; and I wonder whether you will decide to rcproduce the news cutting under'the beading of "!\leddlesome First .\id" or of "Humours of l-< irst Aid," I need hardly add that the "ambulance mal:," "'h.o sayed the life of his fellow workman by replacll1g hlS internal organs as he stated, i~ not a member of our Division or of the Brigade; and that up rorth here we are not so up-to-date. The report read ' a' follow - :" Falls constitute a large percentage of Teesside's works accident, and often lead tll serious injury. l\len ha\'e been known to e cap: broken limbs miraculou~ly after a drop from a heIght, but there is always a danger of internal disruption. " One Middlesbrough workman has to thank a friend that he is alive and well to-day after a fall which nearly cost him his lifc. This man was perched precariously on a crane derrick high abo\'e the ground, when a sudden gust of wind disIL)dg-e.d him. He fell thirty or fOrLy feet; but, when hls workmates rushed to pick him up, they found that there was not a bone broken. They ,,'ere congratulating him on his escape when an ambulance man ran up to the victim; and to the amazement of the crowd, seized hilli violently b} the feet, shook him upside down! Then he compelled him to lie down. "This strange action was explained a minute later, when the rescuer told his mates that he had seen in the man's face every sign of a severe dislodgement of the internal organs. He had carried out the only possible treatment, for another few minutes meant death." Good! Next, please!! In other words, I regard the action as mainly meddlesome, but with a dash of humour which causes us all lo smile.-N. C. F .

Half time.-N.C.F. ST. JOll CONTENTS OF HAVERSACK. G. S. (Thurcroft).-Please tell me what should. be carried in the haversack which is part of Brigade ul1lform ? Rations-when required.-N. C. F.

Al\IBULA TCE ASSOCIATION.

B.c. (Wellington, N.Z.).-ln your most excellent Histo1Y of 5J.A . Association, for which we are much indebted to you, it is related that the Association was founded in 1877, and that Furley only invented the horse ambuance wagon in 1883. If facts are as you state, we

August, 1932 ,

FIR ST

wonder ho\\' the Association took its nam of" Ambulance Association'" and we shall be grateful for an explanation. Away back in 187+ The Order of St. John introduced frolll Germany into England the wheeled litter which had been in\'ented b) J llseph cuss, of Berlin, and had proven its \'alue during-the \\'ar hetwe n Gprlllany and Denmark. Further, the Neuss litter was allcrnativc\) called "ambulance," for which reason in 1 83 the first horse ambulance was usually call~d " ambulance \\'llg-on." J n brief, The Order, hm ini{ introduced ambulance material, then set up a Departll1 Ilt \\'hich ,hould teach let) persons the correct usc of the matel-i;lI. IIence, in my opinion, the name and the ohject'> of the ,\ssociation which \\'cre to promote sale of .llllbulance material and to spre,ld it practical kno\\'ledge of the use of first aid. :'\.c. F. BL'R,\

'ORRO 1\'E .\!'K:\!'!ES.

n. [" (Dean Bank).

J n thc treatmcnt of Burns b,· Corrosi\ e .\Ikalil's, the TL"-.:lhl)ok (pp. 130-131) instr~ t us to bathe the injured part ",ith an ncid solutilln and then to "treat a'i H Burn." On~ opinilln in our Di\ ision is that this illstrudil)1l IllL',lIh th'lt the injur) "hould then he Cll\LlTd \\'ith ~tl ' ips of lint sllaking- in a baking- sndn st)lution. The llthl' r l)pinil)n is that thl' principle of trl'atlllL'nt hy antidote ~I]()ulu Ill' fl)lIl)\\L'd throughout, and Ihal strip,· of linl o.;hould hI..' :-Llah'd in an acid sl)lutil)l1 pn'pan'cl in the S,IIllC wa\ as th,lt us\..,d for bathing thl: burn at the llUhet, \\'e- welcome thL' benefit of and thank you for Yl)Ur opinion.

Ont'l' the ani idotc ha heen applil'd and has neutralised a n~ furthL'r ill-l'ITecls frLlm the l\)rrl):-.i\c alkali, it seems to me that till' ordinary .t1kalil1L' drl'ssing fll!' hurns i" indicated.

So I fa\'our yl1ur 111''ot o.;uggl'stil1n ; hut I cOllfess that I do no t think an.' hal III \\ ould rL'sult fnllll applicalilln of \\'cak fll ill d re,'osi ng. ~. C. F. \'OIIII ; I~

Pl'IlLlC

Dt 1\

Pl~llnLl-:\1.

,\ .T. (Lan'lllkr Ilill). The llther d:J~ I \\as 011 m} way to a IJublic DU1} \\ IlL'n I came across all cl11L'rgenq case which I trcated, ;lpparently to the satisfaction, ell an\' rate, of Ihl' h\sl:lnlkr-., bec,lusc SLll11e of them \'oice~1 thl'ir appreciation of the \\'Mk of the Brigade and its 1110mb 1'''. This done, J proceeded to the Public Duty for which I had been detailed; and tn m} profound urprisc I was reprimanded by the Sergeant (not the OITicer) for being latc. \\'hen I explaincd my reason for beinglate, the Sergeant replied that I should not ha\'e "'aited to treat the Cll ' C but should ha\'e been at the Ambulance Station at the time appointed. An expre ion of your view will be appreciated. On your statement of facts, your action was perfectly ('o rrect. So -,ou must make allowances for the Serg-eant \\ ho probably was worried becau e others \\. re late and \.\'ho \\ a nted to complete hi task before handing o\'er to the Ofllcer in charge of the Duty.-N.C.F. ' i\Sl'IlYXIA FHOi\1 Ai\Jl\IONIA FUMES. 'vV. 'vV. (Bow). -Having recently secured a post a ambulance man with a cold storage firm, I noted on my first day of duty a strong smell of Ammonia. So, thinking that this may one day be a cau e for my sen'ice , I shall be grateful if you will tell me all that I should know about Poisoning or Asphyxiation by Ammonia Fumes. , . The Textbook (p. 148) sets out clearly your line of clctl on. Strong Ammonia may cause inOammalion of eyes

A I D .

and throat; and the latter may be complicated by Swelling of Tissues of Throat for which the correct treatment is set out on p' 1+9. For Poisoning by mouth by Ammonia 1\1 urrell's rVlzaL /0 do in Poisoning recommends the free administration of \'ineger-or lemon or orange juice-well diluted ""ith water and when power of swallowing is 10 t, the inhalation of vinegar from a pocket handkerchief.N.C.F. TREATME T OF CORROSIVE POISONING. E.V. (L1andudno) .-The Textbook (r. 173) tells us that if it is not known whE'ther the corrosive poison is an Acid or Alkali, we are to give copious draughts of cold water. No\\' it is a known fact that water added to Corrosive Acid and Alkalis such as Vitrol, Hydrochloric, Caustic Soda and Potash, has the effect of increasing the temperature of the fluid to such a degree, that if it came into contact with the bare skin or even clothing, it would s \'erel} burn the part touched. \Vhy then advise us as first aiders to give cold water? I should imagine that the same action would take place inwardly as outwardly; and per onally I strongly disagree with the treatment ~i\·en.

I hall be grateful if you will give me your opinion of this, as we ha\'c had several arguments as to the right and wrong of the Textbook. Experience not only supports the Texthook against your opinion but also teaches us that what takes place in a test tube does not necessarily occur in the alimentary canal. After all, you forget the amount of water of which our tissues arc composed. So it is better to be burned by a diluted solution of a Corrosive than by the concentrated Corrosi\·e. -~ . . F.

QUALlFJCATIO~ AS BRIGADE SIGNALLER.

\\T. B. (Durham).-Plea e tell us \"hat are the tests for qualification as Signaller in the Brigade. Brigade Regulations (par. 23-1-) state that candidates will be required to read or send a message at the rates ofRig- FlaK, 6 words per minute; Small Flag, 8 words per minute; and Sell/apllOre, 10 words per minute, and that the cxamination \\'ill be carried out in accordance with latest edition of the Training Manual of Signalling.-EDITOR.

LEGAL QUER IES. \VILLS. F.A..S. (Huddersfield).-(1) :\ \\'ill is automatically revoked upon marriage. The only exemption to this is the ca e of a will made in anticipation of a certain marriage, the actual marriage, i. e., to the same person, later taking place. (2) There is no harm in leaving the executor of a will a legacy. It will certainly not invalidate the \\'ill, and is often useful, as an executor is not compelled to act as such (he may renounce probate). If, howe\'er, he benefits under a will, he may be prompted to carryon as executor.-E. l\1AITLAND \ VOOLF. LANDLORD AND TENANT. T.Q. (Bromley).-Your tenant, not being controlled and the proper (presumably) form of notice ha\'ing been given, the tenant must go . lf he does not, you hould apply to your County Court for an order on a su m mons for possession. The Judge will make an order, but if the tenant should convince him that she is unable to find another home he wi ll , no doubt, prolong the time for possession. You '~vil1 be entitled to rent during t hat period.-E. M . 'YV.

FIRST

A 10.

August, 1932.

Red Cross News. SCRREY BR.\ ~cII.-Th e county competitions were held at Ep om College. In all there were fifteen senior team and seven junior teams entered for the competition, and the placings were : -\Vomen: 1) Godalming; 2, Leatherhead; 3, Sutton; -+, Farnham; 5, Cheam; 6, vVimbledon; 7, Reigate; 8, \Yoking; 9, Epsom; 10, Guildford; 11, Dorking; 12, Camberley. Men: 1, Godalming; 2, \ Vimbledon; 3, Albury and Shere. Mr . John Hender on's prize for juniors for knittin o ' wa 'w on by \ Vinifred Butler (6th King ton Company of Guide), and Miss Turner's prize for a poster de ign \\'ent to E. J. Tibbetts (1 t Cheam Group of cout). ilIr . Owens, As t. County Director and Commandant Cheam detachment, gaye a prize for the cadet unit sending the largest number of children's book to the hospital a " 'ork in which he interests herself yery deeply- and this \ya won by Leatherhead Girl, 'w ho sent no less than 2,79-1-. The econd prize \yas won by the 1 t Cheam couts. A demonstration which attracted a deal of attention was that which hO\nd how an ordinary saloon car can be cOl1\'erted into an ambulance. This the inyention of Col. E. ]\1. Cowell, the County Director, was demontrated by the Godalming men's detachment. Parallel lines 'were fixed to the top of the ca r, and along these was run a tretcher capable of taking two persons. The stretcher is coyered with canvas to make it 'weatherpr oof. The complete contrivance costs £20. Lady Ashcombe, President of the Surrey Branch, who was accompanied by Lord Ashcombe, distributed the awards. STRATFORD.- The Beacontree Division held their competitions in the Drill Hall, Artillery House, t ratfo rd. This was the first occasion on which Diyisional competitions had been held in Essex. There were contests for juniors) women's and men's teams and the judges were J\Iiss Margaret B. Cross (juniors), Dame Beryl Oliver, D.B.E., R.R.c., and Miss Christine Laurie (women), Col. H. J olly, T.D., D .L., Dr. F. J. Oxley and Dr. VV. Keith J\Ialone (men). ~he results were: Juniors (" Marshall Cup "), Cann111g Town; Women ("Stmtford Express Cup "), Stratfo rd (Commandant J\Iiss J. McKechnie); Men (Cup presented by Samuel Clapp and Sons, Ltd.), East H am (C~n:malldant Rev. P. D . Beckwith). The uniforms competltlOns were awarded to Wanstead (women) and West Ham (men). Dame Oliver presented the awards and congratulated the teams on their excellent performances. Col. Churchill (county director of the British Red Cross Society) thanked Dame Beryl Oliver fo r h er kind assistance; ]\Irs. Railton fo r the successfu l arrangements; and the Judges for their able wo rk. INTERNATIONAL NURSING COURSEs.-The annual ceremony in connection with the award of certificates to students completing the International Course for Public Health urses and the Course for Nurse Administrator and Teachers in Schools of Nur sing was held at Bedford College for .Women) London, on July 7th, the chair being taken by S ir Arthur Stanley, Chairman of the British Red Cross Executive and of the Coun cil of the College of Nursing.

1Iiss G. E. 1. J ebb, M.A., Principal of Bedford College, an n ounced the names of ucces ful stud nts and expr essed the ati faction of herself and her colleague at Bedford College at the pro pect of the our es being continued in the form of an inte rnationa l memorial to Florence Nightingale. The certificate were pre ented by II e r Grace Thc Duchess of Atholl, M.P., who followed the pre entation with a speech in \\'hich she tres ed the importance of the Courses for the promotion of health and international goodwi ll in a ll countries. Ir. Swift, Secretary-General of the Lcag-ue, tuld those present how deeply he had been impres cd, 111 thc course of his recent tour of Europe, by the splcndid pioneer \yo rk \Vhich was being accomp li shed by Old In te rnationa ls in the eighteen countri . visited; the manner in '\ \'hich Internationals o[ neio-hbouring- lands arc working together repre ellts in hi yiew, a definite Reel Cross contribution toward the peace of the \\orlel. Ill' announced that, as a fitting climax to the Leao'uc· · long upport of the Cour es, it had heen decided to hold a Summer School at Bedford Co ll ege during 1933; hi!'> conve rsations with" Old Internationals" in the \ ariol1s Eu ropean countries eemed to indicate that the SUI1111llr Sch oo l would be well attended. TH E OLD INTERNATIOXALS' ASSOCI.\TIOX L\ XXU \l DINNER.-The annual dinner of the Olel Internationals' Association was held at the Cowdray Club, London, on July 7th. ]\Iiss Snellman. the Pre ident, wclcomcd thL' guests in the name of the A sociation. Amono' the gUL'sts of honour were the Principal and lecturer of Bedford Co ll ege and the President and lecturers of the ollcg-e 0 f Nursing; Sir Arthur Stanley, who \Vas electc~1 an Honorary J\Iember of the A ociation; 11l1e. Oelier, International Red Cross Committee; Irs. Draper, Chairman of the New York Chapter of the Amcrican Red Cross and the international deleg-ates aitcndin" the " ightingale Week." ' b

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

8, II. CORBEl FLEICHER I • • B' I B.C" B.l.(Ca-tlll), •• R.C.!

Regulation- Right! Quality- Right! Price - Right

Plrst·AI Simplified and Tabulated, wltb AlII. to .emor,. (.·~l. Si,.. /am" Cal1tlre C JI.tn·Dwtll "" i"t,.odwctio" lI"d w, ,,,do,..SI MI K~(JtI o~i"io" tJj llu DooN." -LANCBT.

•

R eaders having holiday hotels or apartment accommodation to let s hould take advantage of our low rates for advert ising same in this J ouma \. '3

•

NURSES

COATS,

THORNTON

A co urse of lect ures and practical in st ruction for ""omall on (( First Aid to th e Injured (S. l A. A.)," will comm ence on Thursday, September 15th, 1932, at \Vin chester Hou se, Old Broad Street, L ondon , E. C. 2. Th e lecturer will be Capt. F. E . Bendix, M.R.C.S ., Dist ri ct Surgeon, S.J.A.B. Fee, including S .J .A.A. exam in at ion, 3/6. Those wishing to join or who require further information shou ld apply to Miss E. Robinson, 79, E lg in-road, Seven Kin gs, Essex, or as above. .. fHE VLUM.BER I s.

« JOURNAL

HEATING,"

monthly) Is THE paper for all progressive trades ·

men

Publishing Office: -46. Cannon Street E.C.".

AIDa

24, CommerCial TIILBPW' NB

co.,

st., BRIGHOUSE,

No. 281.

YORKS.

Third Edition.

SPECIALITY.

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

HOME-NURaINQ.

CORBE r

FLETCHER,

M.A., M.B

EFFIOIENOY

THE

ST. JOHN AMBULA!';CE ASSOCIATION, St. John's Gate, LONDON, E. C. r.

FLAC DAYS. HOSPITAL FETES. CARNIVAL DANCES. THE UNIVERSAL BUTTON CO., 13, 15, 17, SURAT STREET, BETHNAL eREEN, E.2. Telophone I EAST 4091, ILL USTRATED LIST FREE.

FIRaT-AID.

Post free, II. Ad.

COMMON

ERRORS II.

FIRST-AID.

net: post ~d.

Brrors la flrst·Ald Detailed aud Explaln.d. , 1 hil book lirJlI II cl'II,..',.. i".sirh, i"to tlu nfttluJds a"d dit/iCf4ltill OJ ''''''''r'''c" I,..,al"""t IJ" laYnf'" IAa" llu otJicial TlxlDooN ilull. " -LANCET.

COMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcher, Individual and Question-Six Folders). Price 6d. each net, post, lid Each Folder contains special article on Competitions : -No. I, Training of Competition Teams; No. 2, Conduct of Team in Competition Room; No. 3, Common Errors In Competition; NO.4, Fu.rther Errors in Treatment; NO.5, History 0 Competition Tests; No.6, Preparation of Tests.

WHY

AND

WHEREFORE

FIRaT-AID.

Price II. ~d •• post free.

Fifth Edition.

Dllllcultiea I. Study aad Treatm.nt lolted by Question and Aaner. "w, com"" "d tAil book 10 L,ct~",,,, a"d SlfltU"ts who wiiJ ;f"d it of grlllt lI~u,."-FIRST AID,

M.R.C.S.

"As a work of refer nee, the book will be ex(remely u cful and shou ld be in the library of a ll amhu lance worker. I'll<. T . \lD . Price, 3 /6; post tl'ee, 4 /, .

Price n. 2d., post free.

8 ... e·Nar.lag Slmplllled and Tabulated, wltll Aida t • • emer,. Thil DtJoAi wo"tU,../wll" ,imp/iff" a co",pl,x Iflbi,ct lI"d IluJwld b, ,..'lId btl al. IlwtU"II. "-L. a: N.W. Rv. GAZBTTK.

Probl .... III StUd" Treat ... llt and EnmlnaUo. lolnd lor S.nlor Stadoats II Wit"owt dowbt tlu book will b, ()) g,..,at Sl1"fJiCl ill tlu t,..ai"i"r of th()SI /(),.. whom it il till~"'tI. "-BRITISH MEDICAL J OORNAL.

BV I

Post free , II. 2d.

Rel·ised.

AMBULANCE

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT,

FIRaT-AID.

Seventh Edition.

Seni P. C. lor Price List and Selj·llleawrelllellt "orms.

HINT.

HOaPIT~L

FOR

ORDERLIEa.

Post (r'le, 3d.

Orderly Duties 1II1mpllfied au \! Tabulated, wltb A!dl to •• mory. ~ ",osl comptJlcl IJ",OC"~"' . . co"tai"s ",~cls ,-s,ft/ i"/II,..",alio,, . " - PRESClUBBR

F I RII T A 10.

Illustrated by So diagrams In Colours with Explanatory Letterpress. By Sir JAMBS CANTLIE, K.B.E., LL.D., M.A., M . B . C.M., F.R.C. S., D.P.H.R.C.P. 1,d. net; post fTee.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES. Mounted on Canvas, Roller top and bottom. 255 . net each. Post, IS. Human Skeleton, front view. 2. Muscles, front view. 3. Human Skeleton back view 4' Muscles, back view. S. The Heart and prlnclpal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (B). 8. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of tbe Chest and Abdomen (D). 10. The Nervous System. II. Schematic diagram of Circulation. 12 . The Human Ear. 13 The Human Eye. 14. Median Section through Skin ts. Median Sectloo through Head. I.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. M ale, 808. net.

Female, 808 . net.

'\lith Foetus, 85 8. net.

Carriage 211.

book that Is selling by the hundred.

ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. Their Signs, Symptoms al'Jd "First Aid" Treatment. An Ideal Memorizer Quick Reference. By A. T . GOODI1~G. With Preface by WI LLI AM L OCK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN NICOLSON, M.A., l\f.B., Cb.B.Glas. I •. :Jd. net post free.

FIR.T AID HOME

CA~VBLL.

M.~.C ••• BII ••

FEW WOROII.

With Colotued Diagrams.

I2Pp.

NURIIIN8 IN

(2ooth th ousand ) Revised. Strong paper. ~d. Post ld. (56th tboosand). Revised Strong paper , 2d. P ost Id.

Clotb, 6d.

FEW WORDS.

With nseful reference tables.

1<4 pp.

BANDAUINO

OIAURAIIIII.

12 Pp.-72 bandaging diagrams , with notes.

Strong paper, 2d.

Post Id.

HEALTH IN FEW WOROII. P . R . C.S .

20th Thousand.

By Sir R. N. PIII(TH. D , P.H . Paper folder 3 in. and 4 iI.. Post free 3d. net.

M. P~BSTO~. D,,,,o,,,t ..al o,. 10 lis, Po/yllCh,,;c . THE TRIANOULAR BANOAUE: Price 15. net; postage, zd

HOWARD

Its Application Accurately Described by Words and 1I0 Diagrams. ROLLER BANOAUE. Price IS. net; postage, 2d. lis Application Accuratelv Described by Words and 102 Diagrams.

THE

CARRIAGE PAID.

AIDa

All Uniforms cut to Customer's own measurements

For all supplies write:

Th e Eastern Area of th e No.1 District, S.JA.B., are intending to arrange a course of lectures on "Anti-Gas Tra ining" during the coming autumn.

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &0.,

1,000 Pairs New Stretcher Slings, 2 /- pair; 4 pairs, 7 /-; 10 pail'S, 17/-

',000 Ex-Army Ambulance Stretchers,

FIRST-AID ANATOMIOAL OIA8RAMS. 13(1 to 128nd 14)on Roller No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs 1 / 2 Price 211. net; postage <4d Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomy Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects.

Post free, 3'. 9d. net.

THE OOMPLETE MANIKIN.

6 /- to 20/- each. A. FIRTH,

20,

Wakefield Road, PONTEFRACT.

THE WHOLE By

TnBItLA

ART OF BANDA8IN ••

BOWSBR.

Illustrated.

Post free , II. 2d.

POOKET FIRST AID SERIEB. By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM. C.R •• C.M.O" C.I.B •• 0.1.0 .. M.f)

"FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. To be ~t out and enclosed with all Queries AUG. 1932 .

(I) Poisoning, (2) H.emorrhage, (3) Insensibility) (4) Asphyxia (Suspended Bleat ~ Ing), (s) Fractures, D~slocations and Sprains, \6) Wounds, Bites} Burns, Sceldl

Rupture and Minor InJuries. The Senes contatns all the essentials of First Aid Printed on linen.lined cards, 31 In. X si in. Third EditIon. 6d. net ucb postage 2d extra.

AtOll TO MEMORY fOR FIRIIT AID STUDENTS AND NURSES VERNON NBWTON. M. R . C II.(B"II") . 9d. net. Pest JOHfIII

B4LE,

SONS

DANIELSSON.

Ltd.

88-91, Great Tltchfield Street, London. W ,1.

HobsonlkSons (London) Ltd.),

Wholesale /IIIaleers of

Manufacturers of Unijorms, Headdresses, Accoutrements for

MEDALS, AND

QUANTITY

NOTI CE

FIRST AID"

AMBULANCE AND SOCIETIES.

CORPS

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL. No. 11-

Bronze. J/·; Sliver, 4/6; Sliver, Gold Centre, 6/9-

ONLY.

Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

Original Designs and Quotattons post ,,.u. Wholesale Pric,s to all "FIRST AID" SOCIETIEI. Contractors to H.M. Ministry of MllIlitionl. Russian Government. &c.

AD DR E SS-

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I. Phone - Hop 0680 & 7065.

459.-VOL. XXXlX.

aultable for

TROUSERS-

Privates--13/9 per pair.

~o _

TROPHIES

SPECIAL OFFER of

All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

BADGES

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE.

LIMITED

IRST AID

J. AI WYLIE & CO ••

London Showroom-

"OLBORN

62,

EDITORI AL.

nnu:.l u h. cn ptlOn IS 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3 d. . lL~ aim and object bemg the advancement of Ambulance Work In nil Its branches, the Editor im'iles Readers to send Artlcles and I'epo rt~ on suhjects pertaining to the :\lo\'ement and also \\elcomes suggesllons for Practical Papers. All Reports, c"C., should be addre-.scd to the Edilor at Ihe nddress below, and should re3.ch him befIJre the J 2th of each month and must be accompanied (IIOt necessari'y}01 /'ublication) by th~ n'lme nnel address of the Corre.~po nrlenl. Sub~criI?tion~~, Ach'enisements and other business Communications connected with J. I J' ST A ID ~hould be forwarc'ed to the PulJlisher~, DALE, HE\TNOLD &. ( 0., LTo., 4 6 , ('.\. 'XO' STREHT, LO:-lllO"" E. C.4. 7 e/u;Yfl/,hic AdJress-" 'l'Wf"I1'-(OIlI, IOlld(lll." 7dt/,hol1t-Cem1"(1! I .pl.

fHI5

NUM B ER_

E J)ITOI~IAl.-

SURCIOAL

EQUIPMENT.

"STERAID ' (Regd.) series of absorbent and medica ted Gauzes and absorb ent and boric Lints an original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dress· ings are placed in this Patent Container, which, hv a simple rotation, uncovers (Lly the quanti ty of gauze or lint required; atter cutting this off, rota .e the Container in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from exposure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded the Certificate 0/ tke Institute 0/ Hygime.)

All Dressings are ot GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE. "SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for receiving soiled dressings, sanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing in any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. "ZO R 80" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST-AID and SURGICAL EQUIP. MENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements. SS:ND FOR PRIes: LISTS:-

~OBE~T

BAILEY & SON, Ltd.

MARRIOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT Ilrd at 137. Sentinel House. Southampton Row. London.

w.e.1.

ASEPTO BANDACE COMPANY, 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.0.4.

Befope purchasing youP supplies of

Ask us fop a

quotation-

YOU WILL SAVE MONEY.

Best

Quality - Quick Delivery Lowest Prices. Sole Agents for the well known

ASEPTO

INSTANTANEOUS BANDAGE. THE PERFECT STERILISED DRESSING. SAVES

TIME

WHEN

SECONDS

L'Jll'mplo)cd and First I\id Ll·t l"" Ll)ok :It 1'0i,(lI1-. ... .. . 'ar holl-I )i ():..;:ick·l;as. :t ~ll';lIh Ilf .\rtiti(·ial Rl.spir;(tit~·I~ l...ul(, lhland (.\lI ... tralla) .\ll1hlllaIH'L' Transport UrilYadc J.. \. Drig-aJc J)i~t rit,t R('porl-. ,... 1.eet url'<; in Ekl11L'nt:l1T ' \I1:1tl)I11\ ' n,) (lk~ and Inkcti')11 , Prit' r\' Itl! \\';tlcs I'l r-.t ".\id and tlw La\\'

S. J. \. B. 0\ er-;ca~

SURGICAL DRESSINGS, FIRST AID APPLIANOES, BANDAGES, etc.,

COUNT.

...

'cni'l \mhu1ancL' C()1l11l1itll'l' Rail way .\mhulance . 'L \\ .... j),'taik~l \Iarking- SI1l'l'I , '\(1. 3~ ...... SI l]wrstitil1n an I tl1l' Tr 'al nll'l1t t,f Ihl Jnjurl'c.1 TI ll' '>lsitioll in RL'g-ard I(l '-ichakl"s .\rliiicial Rcspimlflln

Pr:h,tical Pllinh ... l,(\ltcrs to IhL~ Editor l'c\' iL'WS ,\ l1lhulancc :\c\\"~' Cliiting:~' from ll~~: Pres" Ou r Nurses' Pages ... . .. Till Royal Life. <lying Sociel~ ... . ..

,0 70

72 72 73 75

{,Jt'ER IES AND ANSWERS TO COHRESPONDENTS-

Simple Fracture of Both LC'g-s ...

Examination IIo\\ler ' Treatment of Fmc! urcd Spinc'" Dead I:' aint...

...

. ..

Treatmcnt of vrac!urcu Scapula Stretcher Excrci~L's, No.1 .. . Treatment of Insl'nsibiliL\, .. . Treatme :lt for Poisoning -by Fish Industrial First ,\id . Calcium Carbide in E~:cs Humours of First [\ icl

...

Simple Fracture of CI;l\"iclc nl~~.i IIu1l11'~~~S Rcplies in Grid hy the Editor ... Lcg-nl Query ...

_ <

•

HO IIlL

R('u Cross N('ws Prin>ed and t'ublisheu. by DALE, REYNOLDS & Co., Ltd., 4 6 , Cannon-street, London, E.C.4, to whom all communications should be . addressed. Telegrams-ClTwent-y-/our, Londcn." Telephone-Central I4 2I . To be h<l.d of all Newsagents, Booksellers and Bookstalls in the TJnitp.d Kin~dom and at aU Railway Bookstalls of Messrs. W. H Smith and SODS.

\VE read with much pleasure of ;-""J~~[PLOYED a scheme ,,"hereb\' those u nA:"\ n FIRST AID. e m p I oyecI 'In S \\"1. n -10n are to be . taught first aid. This is due to the efforts and foresi b o-ht of·\1r . T • H . F essev . (Chat rman of the S\\ inclon LJ nemplo\'ed A s ' . ) " oCla tl~)n , and the men who are unfortunate to ha'"e lel~ltre thrust upon them will be able to Ie arn some. thing- useful \vhilst hopin ~o ' [or the best D'ffi I I C u t\' III Ill1dtng a suitahle lecturer has bee , n overcome.and the classes will be conducted under the St. Joh n Am bu lance Association . . . .).1r . F esse\" IS appealing for ~extbooks, bandages and splin~s so that the cost will be neaJiaible Ass'lst't11 gin .' thOIS b b scheme are man)' Great \\T estern Ra'ltwa" em plo.,'ees \\'ho ha, c been unfortunateh' clismis"sed This sc?eme is one which, in' our opini~n, could be copied by other Centres. It is one which appeals to us as a useful sen'ice which can onl\' bring good in its path_ T

•

CO;'l/TENT5

PR I CE T HI{EEPENCE [3/6 PER ANNUM, POST FREE

The

E.C.

VIADUCT,

Rntered at ] [ ')tatiolters' Hall

RBA DERS.

-1I~5T AID.is.pul!lished nn the 20 t h of each month .

Telepbone- 0840 Cltv.

Nortb of England Office: 22, YORK PLAOE, LEEDS.

SI .. PTE~IBE R , 1932.

76 76 76 76 76 76 77 77 77 77

77 77 77

77 7~

r-<ar b.etter to teach the unemployed some useful .subJect, more especially one which will be of use In e\'ery walk of life, than to let them be inactive, as it were, from want of occupation . . . To have the eight points of the St. John C ross Instt lled into them and to learn how to treat accidents which ma\' and e "ery\\' 1lere, " happen anywhere _

wo~dd. make the "'orkless better citizens and make the Ir Il\'es more us ful to the community at large. . \ :' e congra.tulate :\1 r. Fes er and those, who, In. ~ptte of th.e lf own em p]oymen t troubles, are w dlt t1?" to saCrIfice their t ime to a splendid cause, on t hi S scheme, and hope it will be a lesson for oth er a u tho ri t ies to copy and so help to increase the ran ks of t h e am b u lance workers . Thc nmoun! collected for the \ \,illc1crlllerc Di\'isit1 n, S.].. \ . B., on Ill(' (K('(lsitln of t il(' illlllWl1 11 £.7 1 15 . . 4c1. ag c.la \ " 'n ,,

FIRST

Let Us Look at ., Poisons." By

IALLEUS."

A CA E of poisoning is al"w ays a difficult one for the First-Aider to tackle. It calls for prompt action j it demands in many cases complete and accurate diagnosis j and it can sometimes rather badly rattle him and cause him to lose his head, because the circumstances are nearly always dramatic and unusual. The Textbook says that "a poison is any substance which, when taken into the body in sufficient quantity, is capable of destroying life." A poison may enter the body by being swallowed, by being breathed in, or by being injected under the skin. The Textbook divides poisons into three groups; and if ,ve consider how these g1~OZlPS of poisons affect the body when they have entered it, we shall be better able to diagnose and treat our poisoning cases. . 1.-The first group is that of the CORROSIVE POISO:\T. Corrosives are strong acids or alkalies which immediately B 1J R~ the tissues they touch. This is easily demonstrated if a drop of strong acid or alkali is allowed to fall onto the skin of the hand. Redness, blistering and charring take place. So if a patien t swallows a corrosive poison, he will suffer from the effects of actual and immediate burning of the linings of the channel through which the corrosive passes, i.e., the mouth, pharynx, gullet and stomach. His lips and the lining of his mouth will show visible signs of the burning. The lining of his pharynx, gullet and stomach will also be burnt- reddened, discoloured, charred and swollen - although the damage here will of course not be visible. That is why we must not give an emetic in a case of corrosive poisoning: damage has been done as the corrosive went down-and if we make the patient vomit, further damage will be done as it comes up. Corrosive poisons kill by causing collapsethis collapse results from the actual physical injury done to the tissues as the burning poison touches them-or by causing asphyxia due to s'welling of the burnt tissues of the throat. As long as the corrosive is in contact with the lining of the stomach it will continue to act-a corrosive does not go on from the stomach into the bowel (because the stomach has been too much injured to pass it on), and we must not give an emetic to empty the stomach by vomiting. How can we prevent continued injury to the stomach lining, and how treat the injury that has already occurred? Since corrosive poisons are chemical agents, and act chemically (i.e., they burn because they are strong acids or alkalies)-we can clzemically nezdraltse them. An acid will not be so strongly

AID.

September, 1932.

acid in the presence of an alkali; an alkal i will not be so strongly alkaline in the presence of an acid . So "if an acid is known to be the poison, at once give an alkali: such as lime water in large quantities, or a tablespoonful of whitening, chalk, or magnesia in a half pint of water, repeated frequently." \Vhy "repeated frequently"? A dcfinite amount of acid require a definite amount of alkali to neutralise it and so make it inactive, and vice versa. \ iV hen a corrosive poison i taken it i nearly always in a concentrated sol ution, i. e., a relatively large amount of acid in a relatively small volume of water. To neutralise this definite amount of acid a definite amount of alkali is needed. \Ve can introduce this definite amount of alkali into the stomach either : (1) Dissolved in a small volume of water, i.e., as a concentrat d solution, or (2) dissolved in a greater volume of water, i.e., as a weak solution. It is laid down that we must give a /aro'c volume (i.e. repeated doses) of a 7t 1eak sO/itt/Oil because:(1) If we gave a concentrated solution of neutraliser, that in itself would be a poison. (2) eutralisation i a chemical reaction, and heat is evolved. This chemical rea tion is to take place in the stomach, not on the laboratory bench, and it is better for it to take place in the prc cnce of a large volume of water. (3) The great volume of water taken dilutes the acid poison as well as the alkal i ne neu tral iser, and hence makes it weaker and less harm fu I. We have been talkin g of an acid poison and an alkaline neutraliser: the same argument applies if the poison is a corrosive alkali, and we have to give an acid neutraliser. When it is not known whether the corrosive poison which has been taken is acid, or alkali, we are taught to give copious draughts of cold water, this weakens the <:;trength of the poison by dil uting it (in the same way that soda dilutes whisky) and so lessens the harm it does. These measures are chemical measures; we have also at our disposal other substances which act, not chemically, but mechanically, to lessen the harmful effects of the corrosive. Olive oil, salad oil, medicinal paraffin adhcre to, soothe and protect the burnt linings of the parts affected; barley water and gruel act in the same way. In all cases, whatever the poison taken, corrosive or not, the Textbook advises us to give " milk, raw eggs beaten up with milk or water, cream and flour beaten up together, and strong tea." These act mechanically, forming a coating o,'er the walls of the food canal, protecting them from burning or irritation, and hindering absorption. Asphyxia may follow the taking of a corrosivt;

September, 1952.

PIRST

poison, as a res~lt of rthe tissues of the lining of the throat swelling. fhe treatment [or this must be at once instituted if breathino- becomes affected. 1I.ot apI lications to thc external parts of the neck " III attract blo~d from the swollen internal parts 1. nd l:e~p to relieve their congcstion and s" elling; the .lln~ng of. the .throat will also be helped to 5/Z l'lllk If \\'e give ~lpS of cold water or ice to suck. .\. rtifi ial respiration may become necessary, and collapse must be attended lO. IL - The second group of poisons is that of he II~RlT\;-.\rs. Irritant poisons are not so \' iolent n their action as corro~i\''cs- they act on the parts t}l at .th~y touch, but in tcad of burning they redden nd Irfltate them, cau ' ing :(1) ~\ hot burning sUllsafl"O/l in the throat (but no charnng or ~\\ ell i ng of the tis~ue ), (2) A l?u rn i n g :,'c llsatioll i 11 the ., pi t of the tOIll.ac.h, wl.th rctchlng ("reaching"). That is, t ile lining o! the tomach i~ rcc.lclcncLl and heated an d irritatec.l (hcn 'c the hlirniI1~T sen':>ation) but not bl.lrntj the mU')'lJiar coat of the stoma h \\all is t,lI11ulalCd tt) activity; thi~ acti\ it" takes the form )! contracti)11 of the I1Hl':>clc fibres; and ~o the ~ omaeh goe<j ill to a cries of "'pasrn~ of con traclon, or "attack~ of retching.' (3) ono i\ e poions do not g t any further t han th stomach; but irritant poisons (TO on and l: nter the b07. . .,e!.. 1 Iere they irritate it::; iinin hcr anc.l • a usc spa mollIe 1l10\'Cl11ent of thc bowel wall T il se mO\'cll1cnh hurn' the Olllent~ of the bo\\ on and o'ivc rise t the 'characteristi ll' ril)in cT IJain ') f co IC. Dlarrl1L~a re':>ldt from htiles bcolicky movcmcnts of tilL: bo\\cl, the motion bein l T made \\ate:)' by t!le a'tioll f the irritant pni;on in ca l1~~n~ an lI1crcased and watery se rction [rom the Itnln o-s of the inte tine. . l'\ature is alreac.ly trying to rcmO\'c the irritant pO ison [rom the ~ystem - up\\'ards, by ret bino-; ~lo\\n\\'a.rd.sl by cliarr!: 'a. \\Te an heIr atl~re ·JY (1) gl\'lng an metle to empty the stomach and (2) after the emetic has acted, giving castor oil to act as a pu rge. Then we can, as in corro ive poisoning, try ~~ ,sooth~ and prote.t the i.r~itated surfaces by b1vWg ollve or salad oLl, mediCinal paraffin, barley \Va,ter . or gruel- (. ote.-No oil in phosphorus pOlsonlng)-an I as 111 ' all cases, milk, etc. (See parag-raph 6 on page 17+ of the St. John Textbook). ~hock and collapse will be present, though no~ 11: such a marked degree as in corrosive pOISOnll1g, and will call for treatment.

(To be concluded.)

B . ~ I;,ew book cl1lLtled <C A Cenluryof Public Heallh in h ntal.n by Harley Williams, M.D., D.P.H., has recently e1n Iss,ued by :l\'lessrs. A. C. Black, Saho-square, London, , , pnce 7/ 6, by post 8/-.

.:v

A I D.

Carbon = Dioxide Gas-A Means of Artificial Respiration. By DR. GILBERT BUR l lET, ;\l.C., .l.lon. Clz/ej Surgeon, ,-Yat/onal .Fire Brigades' .Issoc/aNon. (CollcludedJrom pa,l[f 28.)

Celltre of Respiratwn.-:dany theories have been put ~onvard to e~plain its inner working. At one lime It was consIdered that the nerves in the su bstal:ce of the lungs transm itted impulses to it, but thls ~as been ~roved by experiment to be wrong" Tlte jJr~domZlzallt stz"mulus oj the Respz'rat~r)' . Centre, wh~ch has a copious blood supply, hes zn the c/w17Zlcal conddz'on of the blood and the more carbon-dioxide there is presen t in the blood the more wil.l the Centre increase the rate and depth of thc respIratory movements. \\ ith i:1creased muscular effor.t ~ore oxygen is consumed, and ~norc carbon-dioxide passed into the blood. The Incre~~ed . rate and depth of breathing during excrtlon,. IS . merel), a means of getting rid of the . arbon-diOXIde, and is brought about by the InJ1uence of the Respiratory Centre. CARBOl':-DIOXIDE IN THE

LU~G

. ,\\r e. have seen that the blood exudes carbondioxide Into the air spaces of the lunO's . its rate of now will depend amongst other things, on the pressure of CO::? already present in them. It is found by experiment that there is normally about 5 pCI' cent. of carbon-dioxide present in the air cells and that this amount remains almost constant ev n during exertion. This is brouO'ht about b;' th cOl:n pensatory i I1crease in the rate band depth of breathll1g, produced by the increased carbon-dioxide content acting on the Respiratory Centre. Con ~quently, the k~y ~o the 1'egulation of tlte R.es'p'Lrat~JY Centr~ lzes III the pressure of carbond~o.".:;~de zn tlte atr spaces. Increase of carbon~lloxlde pre~sure in these spaces will cause more of It to be retall1ed in the blood, and thus the Respiratory C:en tre will call forth deeper and quicker breathll1g. Co LUSIO s. T

~h.e symptoms of breathing an atmosphere contall1~ng an excess ?f c.arbon-dioxide will appear firs~ as l.ncreased respiratlOns; but this will not be

?otlced I? concentrations less than 5 per cent. It not fa1r ~o con~lude that a person who shows sy~ ptoms 1n an Ill-ven tilated crowded room is being affected by this gas, in as much as the doncentration of it would hardly reach 1 per cent. ~robably the sl:ortness of breath, &c., under such Circumstances, IS due to direct loss of oxya-en as well as to the effect of the humidity of the ~ir ~nd IS

FIR S T

of the fumes and cmanations from the clothes and bodies of the crowd. But a few breath from a cylinder containing 5 per cent. of the gas will readil~' demonstrate the efficiency of its respiratory tilllulation. In such amounts as this it is in itself a means of artificial respiration by almost directly affecting- the Rcspiratory Centre. THE USE OF C\RBON-DroXIDE INDICATED?

This is best understood by comparing its action with that of smacking the face, cold Qouches, lectrical ShOCl~ , pinching the ski n, erc., all of which act in a reAex manner, and depend entirely on excitation of the yoluntary act of breathing. I must, howe\'er, except one particular type of electrical shock, namely stimulation of the Phrenic nenTe, this I do 110t dee'm to be within the category of a layman's first aid 'w urk . Compare it, again, with the adopted methods of man ual artificial respi ration-Schafer's, Sy h'ester's, cc.-and note that these act entirely by imitating the voluntary act of enlarging the chest cavity, quite independent of the use of any nerve power from within. It reminds me \'ery much of pushing a motor-cycle along the road to get the engine to fire- you make it go, and breathlessly keep it going, until you can excite that power from within; then you mount and depend on that inner power to keep you going. The only hope in doing artificial respiration is to supply the missing voluntary act, and keep the circulation in the lungs going, on the chance that the Respi ratory Cen trc may be ex ~ited to work the chest muscles in the normal rythmic manner. Thousands of 1i vcs are saved every year by these methods, and as long as there is any blood circulating in the vessels of thc body, there is always the possi bility of even a prolonged effort on these lines being successful. \Ve have seen that carbon-dioxide pressure will readily stimulate breathing, hut during all this artificial respi ration, reflexly or man ually, the bod y has not been \\'orking to produce it; moreover, if manual methods have been used, air and also carbon-d ioxide have been forci bly com pressed from the lungs, consequently the CO 2 content of tlze blood -is lower tlzan normal. To attai n earlier success therefore, the carbon-dioxide pressure in the air spaces must be increased. This can on l v be done from without. I well remember a case of resuscitation of a child which appeared hopeless after long art ifi c ial ~espi.ratjon. As a last resort I breathed forcibly Il1to Its mouth and ballooned its lungs with my own breath; in less than half a minute of continued Schafer the ch ild breathed. The secret of the success was the carbon-d ioxide of III y brcath . ARTIFICIAL RhSPIH.A TlO!'\\\TJ rr OXYGEN. The adm i nistration of oxygen d u ri ng the

A In.

ScptCl11 her, 1932 .

carrying out of Schafer's method of artific ial respiration is a fairly common practi e. In m y opin ion it retards rather than accleratcs rcvi val. I n some cases, wi th marked blueness of thc face, it is of course ach'isable; but there is quite cnough availab le oxygen in the frc!:>h air for the average case of artificial resuscitation. :\lorcon~r, it is a weU-knO\\"ll fact that it is lack or oxygen and not exces of it, which incn.:ases thc depth and frcquency of bn.:athing. Carbon-dioxide is far more L")~ential thall oxygen, and if o:\)'gcn i gin.:nJ it should ht.t\'c at least 5 per cent. of carbon-dioxide added to it. No harm can be done by lI!:>ing 20 reI' cenL., it would probably only act more readily on the Respiratory Centre. RESl' SCITr\TW:--i ,\F fER

ELI--:L"TIUL

SIlO I~.

In the Fire "ervice this ma\" be pcrhap!:> the largest ileld of u~dulI1e!:>~ fo'r c~ rhon-di(}',ide administration, either alone or \\ ith )xygen. In sevcre electric shock the Re!:>pirator) Celltre i ' the most likely to be afkctcJ, and with fat,d rc...,ult ir not attended at 011 "(.;. Even thc apparently dead may still have some remai 11 i ng ci reulatioll al L1lOugh the pulse may be almo...,t imperceptible. :\ot a moment of artificial rc piration must be omitted until an expert opinion has been given. , Vhatever method of r(.;\ i\'al i.., uscd It should include the administration of carhon-dio'\.icle. To sum up all these points - if occa'iion ckmand deficiency of cq u i pm en t, ['i.l'oltld jJn/cr 10 IC({7.IC olll 171y oxygen cylinder, rai/wr lizal! OIlL or aliter of lite

cOlZvellz"cnt portable contaillers 0/ carbo/l-dt'o.\z"de.

Queensland (Australia) Ambulance Transport Brigade. TIlE thirteenth annual r~port hives full particular~ llf the work done during- the past year. The lotal numher of ca"cs attcllded numbered 2,057, entailing the tran'lIing Llf 13,432 J11 ile. A l1otabl( inl1ovalinl1 wa'; the e..,tahlishn1L'nt of a permanent first aid post at the :\lain Beac h n !sene during the Christmas holiday. The three cars in usc are in fair order and condition, and havc trm clled an aggregate mileage of 58,514. The Brigade buildings are in good l)rdcr and rcpair. The general depression existing thmughout the district has been felt on the financial side, but the position is considered as satisfactory. Information had been receiveu that the honour of th~ Grade of Ser\'ing Brother to the Order of t. John has been conferrcd on the superintendent of the Centre, Supl. P. Raby. The report closes wilh appreciation to all those who had (lssisted and. encouraged the members during- the past year.

"THE PLU.M.HEl{ 18.

JULJRNAL

HEATING, "

monthly) is THE paper for all progressive trades ·

men - Publishing Office: -46, Cannon Street E.C .....

PI R S T

Septem !Jer, 1932.

The St.

Brigade

fohn

Ambulance

Dzst~zct

No. I. (Prince of Wales's ) District. \\ 'L' ell'\.! pkd"'L'd tn illl110UIlCL' lhat COUIlty Surg'eol1 l"eIllldil F. LUlld, .\ 1.. \., :'II. B., ha.., heel1 PWll1lllL'u to the p,lsitil)11 llf .\..,si..,tal1t Clll1ll11i~.,ionL'r of the \'ntral .\rea, o. I Dislri"t, ill sUlce..,,,ilIIl t,l Dr. N. Corhd Fletcher who was leL'L'ntl} appnilltl'd .\ssi!->tanl Surgeon-in-Chid. Dr. Lund l'lllllt11encl:d his first aid work ill 1<)j 0 as kclurL'r of thL' ~. \\-.D. O. of the POSl Ol11ce. This he Cl)ntinued ulltil the "ar "hen the \\ork \\as discolltinued. \fter the cc~salion of IwslilitiL''-; he wet ' appoinled Di\'isional SUr~elll1 ,tnli lalL'r h~cal11e Ct~rp'" ' urgeon of lhe Post Officc \l11hulal1ce l\lrps. For ten) l'ars he conlinued in this Pllsitil)n until pr,)I1Hlkd COUllt} Surgeon of Central .\rea in 11)21). 011 thL' lkat h tlf 1)1' Clllllhlil Robel 'hon ill 193J, Dr. LUl1d \\ ,t.., prl)I1H1lL"d [,1 I )1..,11 ill Surgeoll. \Il)"t pf I ilL' Ill'\\' \..,,,i..,talll C,lll1l11i ... ..,iul1er's al11hulClIlCl! \\lllk IJ,(-. h u .' 1l d,llll' ill Llll1l1Cdill11 \\itlJ tltL' Plhll)llice "orps \\ hi cll IW\\ nln~i..,h ,If li\l' Ji\ i..,iLllh Illll11hLring 250 member,> "ith an aLlJit illl1,tl "\ uI..,ing J1i\ i... illl1 kl1o\\"11 a.., 1\0. 28 (Ci"il ::-'Lni,l') :\UI..,illg Di\i..,illl1. Ill' is prlluu to hel\e becn so 11ll1g a",sLlcialL'd \\ ith this C,lrps, especially a,> it has alraady ~lIpplied the LlU~ District Ofliccr to Central .\rea. \\ L' wish I >r. K. F. Lund happ} del) in his new )1l1..,iti,111 ,llll,l m<l) thl' C~ntre .\re.l fluurish under his supcr, isil1l!.

1) ,\(;r~ :\1! \.\I.- Thl' mOllth of I\Ug-llst beIng the holiday mOlJth, 110 drills h<t\'c bt'ln held, hut the Dagenham ])i\'isilln htl'; heell quite 1m)" otherwise. Duties covered include three fete and port mcctI11 gs (Ill "\Ug"llst Dank lInliday al oIlier Row, Dagel1ham ."tadiull1 and nccol1ln:c lTealh. Further meelings \\ ere l;,ld al thl' last t\\() places nn uglt~t20th and Allgll ' t bth respecti, ely. :\lembers al ' n accompanied the C0111petilors in the Essex County Long- Distance Road \Valking Champion-.hip fmlll C1{ac!\\ el'l Heath to Southend. Th e lL ual stallCl!ng' dutics \\'ere maintained \\ ith the additloll. from ,\u!.,!ust 27th, of Dag'Cl1halll To\\"n Foothall Cluh. Dagcnhalll Stadium and Central Parle . The Dagcnhalll Cadet Division held their fir t annual SUl1lmer Camp at ~ tanford Rivers from July 30th until i\uglt t 6th: There were eighteen Cadets present during the Bank I [oliday period and twel\'e Cadets attended for the \\'hole week. On the , unday a Ch urch Pa rade was held at the Parish Church and the adets arOll ed great intere t. The Camp was quite close to Littlcbury 11i11 and d uring the week the Cadet were taken o\,er the Mill and it " .a explained to the111 how the machinery was operated l: ntlrcly by the water. , Thi Camp \Va so succe fu l that two week-end Camps are being held at Little Baddow durin o' September. CR .\YFORD.-A meeting of the Cray ford Division was h eld at the headquarters, the Rodney lIut, Crayford, when 1)r. I Iinds, Divisional urgeon, introduced Mr. T. A. \Villiam , of ne~dey, who had con ented to take over the duties of superintendent of the Div ision . There was a ~'oocl attendance of members in uniform) under Scrgt. , Colt, who has be n acting u perintenclent for S0111e time. Dr. Hinds said hc had contcmplated undertaking the

A 1 I).

Reports.

position of ~uvcri1llcllclcl1t, hut had disc[)vC'rccl that it needed a good deal of timc and energy. Tn ~Ir. \Villiams he hclic\'cd they had fOUJld one who could meet the requirements of the po.itio!l and he \\oldd bc g'lad to help ill all) \\ ay required. Seq;t. Scott said they had been for ' oll1e time ill nc ed of 'omeOlle to undertake the duties of sllperintendent, and in welcoming :\1 r. \Villiams, he felt ure the member ' would all work with him to make the Di\'ision a SlIccess , :\1r. H. Joel, Divisional ecretary, and all the member joined in a cordial 'welcome to ).Ir. \Villiams. Tn reply, ::\1r. \Villiams said he \\'olrld be pleased to undertake thc position, suhject to the approval of headquarters, not only on account of the g-()0c1 work already d01le Ii) the Cray fnrd Di\'i. iOl1, hut alc;o hecause the St. Jnhll .'\l11hulancc Brigarle \\ as associated with 1)11e of the olde..,t order<; in the kingdom . Dr. Hinds ciistri/)uled certificates awarded as the rcsult () i rc-cxCl 111 i na tion. l\[r. F. C. ':\c\\cll. Di\'i ' ioned Treasurer, 011 hehalf of t 11(' mcmhers, expressed thank - to Dr. Hinds for his help and instruction, a the result of which all the candidatcs, \\·ith only 011e exception, had gained their certificatcs.

LE\\ ISII .\ \1.- The distrihution of a\\ ards of the Lewi ham Di\'i ion \\'a' held on September 1st at Court hill Hall. ~ upt. \"'T. H. mith presided and those present included Alderman Hayes and 1.lrs. Haye, Ir. H. Chiesman, :0.LB.E., and 1\[rs. Chiesman, Councillor C. Bryant, District Officer Clifford, Lady Di trict Officer 11rs, ::\IcCaffrey ( onthem Area), Lady Di trict Officer 11i s \Y. Grindley (\\'estern rea), Corp Supt. A. J. Green, Corps Officer 1\Iillcr, Amb. Officer Carpenter, Lady Supt. ~1i C. A. Pearce, and crgt. E. Symonds. Prior to the distrihution the final competition fnr the .. Chicsman" and "Haye " trophic ' was held. The test \\cre arranged by Supt. ~mith, the judges being Corps ~t1Pt. A. J. Green and Di ·trict Officer Clifford . 11r ". E. \\" Haye presented the awards, 1\1r. Chiesman proposed a yote of thanks to her. lderman Hayes econding, expre sed his appreciation for the work done by the Brigade. Councillor Bryant said that the three mottoes: "Do your best" .. Be prepared," and " Sen'ice before self," \vere indeed all thorouO"hly carried out by the member of the Brigade. The list of awards was as follows : The " Chic man" Challenrre hield: Pte . J. 11i1e ; runner-up (prize giyen by the Diyi ion), Pte. E. R. Robbins . The "Hayes" iIYcr Challenge Cup: \ Vinning team -Pte. R. B rown, II. Ea r throwl, F. Open haw, and J. T urnbull (captain) . The "Bryant" sil\'Cr Challenge Cup for ali-rm.lml g'cneral efficiency: Pte. J. Holness. .. ih'er medal for 1-+ yea r s' service: CorpI. J. Borkett. Bronze medal (7 year' c n -ice): ergt. J. Dennett, Corpl. J. Rigg, and Pte, G. Arthey, S. Arthey, G. Gidden, i\. H ewe , and . Lake. 1n addition to the foreg'oing certifieatc_! vouchers. medallions a nr" 'abels were a l 0 presented.

FIRST

OUTHERN RAILWAY CORPS (S0l1!II~R). - The Ambulance Leag'ue of thi Corp is agal11 111 full swing and the results yery satisfactory. Owing to extra team entering thi year and the large number of matches it entailed the original conditions ha\'c been revised and onb' one match between teams is nov\' held instead of the' u ual home and away.

No. 11 . District. GLOucEsTER.-At a weekly drill of the City of Gloucester Diyision a presentation was made to Supt. T. \V. Clark from the members of the Diyision in recognition of his completion of 25 year' Brigade service. Amb. Officer H. Bennett presided. Div. Surgeon F. H. prague, in making the presentation, which took the form of an en~ravcd ilyer mounted cane referred to the years of sernce and the work performed during that period. During his a sociation with the Diyision, \vhich was from its commencement, he had seen many changes and expressed his pleasure that the Diyision was still keeping up its past reputation for good \\'ork performed. He cncouraged the younger members to stick to the work and create fresh records. upt. Clark thanked the member for the present and

A I D.

September, 193 2.

No. III. Distl'ict. DROITWICII.-The di tribution of award took place at the Town Hall, Alderman E. Evans presiding-. IIe was supported by the :;\Iayor and Mayore s (Ald. and Irs. D. Johnstoll Green), Dr. J. \IV. T. Patterson, ~[r. C. II. Willis, and Supt. Geo. Fulloway. ld. Evan said that since the beginning of thi year -1-2 case had heen attended, either for injurie or as i ting in tran port to yarious hospitals) or to the home of the inj ured per. on. lIe personally thanked the members of the Dt'igac1e for their great help to him in hi accident, and al a ';\lr. Fabricius, the driyer of the ambulance on that occa. ion. The certificates, vouchers, medallion. , ancl lahels wcre presented by thc l\1ayore . The l\Iayor cong-ratulated thc recipient. and pre. ented to Dr. Patterson a hand ol1le leather portfolIO as a token of their obligation and debt to him for acting as • urgeon to the class. A vote of thank to the ~Iayor and ~Iayore wa ' proposed by Dr. Patterson. IIe was proud to han' heen the instructing- surgeon but thought the credit for the exc ll ent results should be ginll to ~ upt. Fulloway and ergt. key.

By court~sy ] [Rushden Echo. Dr. and irs. L. W. Dryland with the clock with which they were presented by the Kettering (L. I. S.) HAmbulance Division. On the left is Supt. A. Lee.

also for the splendid support they had given him since he had been superintendent, especially bearing in mind the splendid report of the recent annual inspection by Col. Sleeman, the Chief Commissioner of the Brigade Overseas. A vote of thanks to Dr. F. H. Sprague concluded the proceedings.

Mr. G. H. Willis seconded the proposition. Replying, the Mayor expressed his appreciation of the work done, thanks being due to officers and men. Supt. Fulloway said the Brigade were glad to know their efforts during the past twelve months were appreciated. He thanked those persons who assisted them to obtain uniform.

WESToN-sUPER-MARE. - The Weston-super-Mare Ambulance and ursing Divisions held their drum-head service on the Beach Lawns, when several hundreds of the general public witnessed the parade. Among those present were County Officer J. S. Cox, Div. Supt. E. J. Dowding, and Corps. Secretary, H. C. L. Tidman. The St. Paul's Church choir attended, and the proceedings were amplified. The service was conducted by the Rev. F. A. Pollard) Curate of St. Paul's.

KETTERING.-The competitions of the Midland Railway Divi's ion for the "Covington" and" Mills" Cups were held on Sunday, August 21st, at Dr. Dryland's residence. The judges were Dr. Dryland and Dr. Notley, there being four teams competing. No.1 team, consisting of Ptes. A. Kilborn (captain), Chapman, Boulter, and Coleman, was adjudged the winnens of the "Covington" Cup and No. 2 team, Sergt.

Septem ber, 1932.

FIRST

Buswell (~aptain). Ptes. \V. Dackhurst, r-.leadows, and J1ollller, WlI1l1erS of the" Mills" Cup. Mrs . .Dryland prescnted the Cl1pS to the winning teams \\ h1l<;t Amb. Ofncer Jan'is proposed and ex-Supt. 1111llry seconded a \'otc 0 f thanks to the judges. Supl. Lee announced that Dr. Dryland had found it Il L ces~ary to re ign Ill: pOSItion a-, Surgeon to the DI\'I<;lon OWl11g to his appointment as County Commissioner. Dr. Dryland. said Supt. Lcc. had taken a keen Illtere t in the muvement since 1895 and the members felt th<~t. they cOllld not Jet the occasion pass without some rL'Cog-n I t I () n. . Dr..1 ~otl~y was asked to present a beautiful clock. sl1 ltalJly 1I1scn\Jed. tn Dr. Drylallc1, for his faithful sen'ice to the Railway Diyi5ioll Dr. I?:yJ~lnd thank'cd the members, assuring- the111 tha t th~ g lt t, wOllld a,lways be a rllninclcr to him of happy memones ot the T<all\\'ay Dlyi ion.

No. IV. District . J-?n;:I.TTEl.fl.- Xl·arly fifty mcmbers of the Dukinfield D l\'ISIOI1 paradul for t heir anl1ual imJ1cction at the ( I~c: cellt R()ad .~ l~lior J.\f):-,s' :chun\. The inspecting offi cer wa LI.lll~. - ( (\\.. \\' . l halonl'1'. O.B.E.,. T.D., J.P., Iltll.lly o III III I . I()ller 11)r l hcshire.. \\' ho was accompanied b: ((lUIHY )fficLr T. i\. K. Ferns. . ·~ I1Pt. \\ '. \. (illw cll \\'a:; in cOlllmand, and during the a I te rn()~11 alllb.ul .. nc '" alld other d rills were gone through and a n In-pcctllJll m ~I(!t..: of the equipment. . Acldre ' ill~' t.he amhltIancc workers and officers, Col. ( haloner com pl.lI11ell tecl the Brigade on the great th~ :'nll~'llIlCss which marked the ,,"ork of it members, and a m he attnlmted a g-reat c1 eal of that to Supt. Powell lI J1portcd by the n()ll- commi_ . iOllcd officers and men wh~ \\I n: t111itecl ill their dC 'ire to excel. On heh.alf of the Diyi ' ion the Coloncl presented a . tramed ccrtlficat.c. tn Dr. .i\[acfie, rec()rclin~' hiS admis ion a' a honorary 1I1e member. PRESTO. '.-The anl1ual report 0 f the Preston Corps (o r 1931 ShO\\5 a tnled 5trC'n~·th of 277, includino' 124 in the ambulance di,isions and 153 in the Ilur illO' diviSions . .Corps upt. E. F. ~rillington reports b increasing ;HlhlI.c del.l1and for the sen ices of ambulance men and nursing SIsters. Two roadside first aid stations for public use were <..dded to the equipment-one at the Chapel Walks headquarter and the other at the ambulance hut at Ashton . .Alderman Dr. Durham (Corps. Surgeon) expresses g" a~ltllde to the .Divisional Surgeons for the good results a ' hlcved by theIr keen oversight and instruction. Sevcral competitions had been won by teams drawn f am the Divisions. The work of the Medical Comforts Dep~t. ~ad extended considerably, and proved a great a~q u~SItIon to the Corps and to the public of the town and d stnct. " The serv~ces of the Fl?wer Mission were still apprecldted by patients at the I; ulwood Hospital. " . The repOl:t of the han. secretary, Mr. H. B. Brierley, SdyS that dUrIng the year first aid classes for men and \\")111 e11 , and Cadet first aiel classes for boys and girls \\'e re formed. Tbe records of examination proved th~ Success of all the classes, the results showinO' a "pass" rcco r~ of 100 per cent. in the Cadet classes a~d 93.15 per cent. In the adults.

No. V. District. ARMLEY.-As in previous years, for the period of Annley feast) the Armlcy and Wortley Division of the St. JOhl1 Ambulance Brigade, erectecl an ambulance

A I D.

station on the feast ground, to deal with any accident or suddcn illnes. Thirty membe~s were on duty, working in relays, from Thu~sday untIl T!1esday night. These arrangements \vere carned out by DIV. Supt. E. D. Glover, assisted by Amb. Officers W. E. Pemment and P. ]. ~Ioreton} and taff-Sergt. R. 1\1. Wilkinson. During the busiest days, Saturday, ~Ionday and Tuesday afternoons sixteen nurses, ~lso working .in relays were on duty-ar;anged by L~d>,. DIV. Supt. MISS J. L. Perkin, Victoria K ursing DIVISIon, Leeds. . Up to Tue~day night t~irty-six cases were dealt with, ~nclud111g spra111S, grazed ltmbs) faints) injuries and grit 111 the eyes. One or two severe cases of hcemorrhage from cuts on back of the head and forehead were treated and one person suffering from concussion w~s taken hom~ for subsequent treatment by own doctor. The ambulance men also attended numerous minor injuries while doing patrol duty around the fair ground. The ambulance station was inspected by Div Surgeon Dr. ]. E. Rusby, who expressed satisfaction and approval of the excellent arrangements made. 1.ARRow.-The outstanding services which Supt. Harry Huntll1g renders to ambulance work in ]arro\\, were recognised on September 8th :vben .membe~s of the Congo .\mbulance Class pre ented him With an Inscribed sih'er ci~arette lighter. The presentation took place at Palmer's blpyard, where the class is carried on. ~lr. Hunting is

Supt. H. ].~Hunting, Jarrow Di\'i ion, S.].A B. captain of the class and Superintendent of Shipyard Ambulance Corps of the Brigade, and is now in his 33rd year of am bulance work. lr. G. S. Williamson, shipyard manager, presided. Dr. ]. Hendry was unable to be pre ent, but in a letter referred to the work done by Supt Hunting. The Mayor (Councillor VV. Gordon) made the presentalion and described Supt. Hunting as one of the greatest social workers in the country. Supt. Hunting suitably replied and thanked the members of the class for their support. Recently the Jarrow Divi ion held their Finance Committee meeting and presentation of awards . It was

FIRST

a nno un ced th a t a ge ner a l m ee tin g would be h eld at the e nd of t hi s m o nth. :\I r. Batte r by prese nted th e awa rd , ",hi ch con is ted of \'o uch er , m ed a ll io n a nd a wa rd , a nd ga ye enco urage m ent to t he rec ipie nt. T he cye nin g t rmin ated ,,·jth so ngs a nd r ecitatio ns rende red by m em bers of t h e Diyis io ns. HOCGTlTox.-IIoug-hton Diyisio n h eld t h eir fo ur th annual competition ' ior the Ho ug'hton Ambu lance hi eld on August 13th in th e Ch urch ~c h oo l s, Gt. H oug-hto n. Eig'ht teams competed. Dr. \\T. F . Ca tlc. D arfie lcL a nd [)r. J. L. -:'I1cColin, Thursllcoe, offic iated a j udges . T h e t e. twas ycry modern and up to date dealing \" it h a p le aure boat explo ion and fire . The w in n e rs we r e 1 t X e \\'market ilk tOil Colliery , 2nd outh Kirby S ·rA.B., 3rd Pontefract Colliery. Indiyiclua l \\' inne r s w e r e : H. Bedford . T. chofield, -:\ewma r ket il k to n ; and \Y. -:'I1alpa . E .' Shaw, Hackleton ~lain CoJ1i er), . Both doctor at the conelu ion poke yery h ig-hl y of t h e \\'o rk done by the teams , \yhi le Dr. ~IcCo li n commented o n th e ye ry poo r attendance , which he said wa d ue to so m a ny competitions held on tl1e same day, and the r efore some method mu t l)e a r ranged which \"i ll enable all sec r eta r ies to meet and di cu date suitable to a ll and thereforee:et the maximum re nlt . The secretary \\'a :\1r. Ko r ma n ~ ha,,' , Thurn. cae. TncRcRoFT.- The thi r d ann u al amhu lance compet iti on and gala, org ani _ed by the Thur c r oft Diyision w as held in the Thu r croft Ch urch g-ro unds on Sat urday, Augu t 20th . :\1r. G . \\'yseha11) of Treeto n (act ing D iy . Supt.), presided at the opening ce r emony, w h ich wa _ pe r formed by Capt. C. F . \\Tard J ones. The competition was fo r t h e" \\-. Coll ier" Challen ge Cup, and the examining- doctor w e r e Dr. Ch isholm, of Thurcroft, and Dr. hi rl ow, of Swall ownest. T h e timek eep e rs \\'ere :\1r. B. ::'IIartin and i-1r. H. R. Atkin on. ~1r. A . Cunning-ham and ~1r. J . Pickfo r d check ing the marking sheets. The r esults were a fo llo\\'s : 1 A ldwarke Colliery , 162 points; 2 \i\' a leswood Colli e ry, 1,+7 ; 3 ~lal1\'ers ~lain Coll ie ry) 1-1-6. E ig-h tee n teams compet1J1g'. For the incii1,'idual p r ize twen ty-th r ee compet ito rs tied and following' a further competition) A . Walke r, of ~1alwers -:'IIain C~ll i ery, \Vas adj udged t h e winn er. There were also competitions fo r b r ead, cakes, ladies' ankle and men's beauty, which p r oyed ve r y s uccessf ul. The prizes were dist r ibuted by Mrs . G . Vvy eh a 11, of Trceton. Owing to the inclement weat h er t h e gala w a concluded by a social ey ening in t h e Church R oom . D u r ino' the day selections we r e given by t h e T hurc r oft l\Ia in C;lI iery Band. The ladies" committee we r e r espon sible for the catering, t h e . ec retary fo r th e ga la be ing Se rgt. J. Rhode . \YAKEFIELD.-Over th irty membe r s of th e \ Vak efi eld Division were on duty during the \ Vakefi eld A n nu a l Gala and Gymkhana, under Supt. C. G r ay, togeth er wit h A mb. Officers F . \.;\T . Brown and 'vV. mith . F o rt un ately, no serious accident occ urred, and onl y fi ve mino r inj uri es r eceived treatme n t. Se r gt. H. Bedfo rd was in ch a rge o f t h e ambu la n ce tent, and ca rri ed o ut t r eatm en t in a m ost efficient m anne r. Many fa in t s we r e r epo rted by m emb er s on patrol duty. Amb. O ffice r F . 'N. B r own h ad a difficul t task in the ca r e of lost ch ild r en) and approx imately sixty lost children came uncleI' hi ch a r ge . During an interval, th e l\Iayo r (Ald. S. B utte r wo r t h , J.P .), made the p r esentatio n , on beh alf of the S t . J ohn Ambulance Brigade, of a fiftee n yea rs' effi cien cy m ed a l to -:'Ilr. \I\'alter Smith , II .S .B., h on. t r easure r a nd a mbulance officer C)f t h e Wakefi eld D iv isio n . 1\1r. S mi t h , w h o

FIRST

eptember, 193 2.

September, 1932 .

A 10 .

is a r a ilw a y ig n a lm Cl n. ha s a eli ti ng l1 isl1 ed r eco rd, a nd a m o ng th e a w a rd s h e l1 a' r ece iv cd a r c t h e L a n ca hir c a ncl Y o rk shire R ai lw a y Awa rd fo r t w eh e yea rs ' a mbl1 la n ce \\'o rk, a nd t h e go le! m edal a nd ba r gi ven by th e L.;-'l.:. fo r t w cnty-fiy e yea r " am hul a ll ce w o rk. Th e -:'I[ ,wo r r efe rr ed to 1Ir. Smit h 's th ir ty- fi ve year.' co nn ec t io n \~'ith t h e , t. J o h n mh ul a n ce A oc iat io n . A mh. Office r , mit h t h anked th e -:'I la) o r a nd in fo r med t h e puhli c t h at th e B r igade r ely on the 1l1 ro r means to p rm'ide m edi ca m en ts, ha ndage", dc. Sup t. G r ay also th a nk ed t h e :\ [aym a l](l a l'>o the ,po rt s Co m m itt ee fo r t h eir un ti ri ng- s upp () r t.

a d.n,ct.o r , \\ c ~ e i~l th e c ro wel a nd a t o n ec took ch a rge . \ rtd lc la l rcs,P ll'a t lO Jl \\ as perse ve r ed w ith , f o ur R a m s,e;atc JI1l'l11 hers ta kin g' [llrIl ". I rot w ate r w as p roc ured f r om th e J1l'ar h) tl'it "h op s, vis itor" !-. l1[lpli ccl to \\ els a nc1 \\' a rmth \\' Cl"i a pplied unt Il b rl'atl1 in g \\ as rC"ito r ecl. Th e boy was t h ell rushed to the h ospita l hy thl.: ",ail in g Au st in and hi s life >

";[\' l'<1.

The [otal mileage CO\'L' ITd on t h i<; clav was 3-+6 m il es a nd the pcr"()lllll'1 in\'o l\' ecl 9 m emhe rs o 'r t h e R am gate Tm\ II 1)1 \ 1'>lCJIl a ll d :2 \ i!'>itill~ Dr i ~ade ml' ll .

- - - . _ .- - -

Lectures in Elementary Anatomy.* No. VIII. (Duke of Connau g ht 's) District. :\hmsToxE.-),[r, J oh n Day ha . I ll'L n ;lppoinil'd ' u pe r intencient 0 f the :\laidtol1e Corp!'> 111 su('('e""ioll til t h e late Supt. J. Dunk. -:'IIr. Day ha ' been . \ cting' • upcrtntcntiL'nl Since the deat h of i-1r. Dunk. Il l' joined the :\laidstone 1)1\ i..,ion, as t r eas ure r , aho u t ni ne) ea r s ag'o and ior the pa"t l' yea r s h as acted a . Transport Officer: \\ hen th~ J) in"illn w as t urn ed in to a Corps h e became'nrp Officer. i- Ir . Day was in"trull1cnlal last Yl'ar, in (Jhtainil1~ the A ust in 20 mb ul ancc , \\ h ich \\ as g'l"en al1ollymllu . ly, pr ior to t h e g ift of the l 'eg<\ lq~' ,\ millllallcl'., and this yea r he \" a ab le to pllrcha 'c. throug'h the ~enl'rn , ity ot sey era l friends , t he present small amhulancl' , thu:> L'nah ling: the o ld one to he handed 0\ l r to the Ll:l1ham Di y i lon , whic h, w ith the Xursil1!.~' Di \ isi(l11 is inc lu(kd in t h e -:'I1aid tO il e Co rps. '

R :\1[S(;:\TE.-On S u nday, lH!:l1St l -hh, Tbmsgall'\ finC' new molo r amb ul ancL \\ a -officiall\' (kdicatul and ha lHkd oyer to the To \\ 11 1)i\·i,>ion. The 'ceremflny (O()k plaL'e in St. Geo rge' Ch ur ch) ani and \\'a-; attlnded 1» a larg"1.' cro wel. In acldition to the memher,> of the Rallls~ate Tow n Diy i io n, the r e \\'Cre ()Jl parade cOl1til1g"Ll1h ir()111 t h e local R ai hy ay, \\Tc <;tgate-oll-Sea . HirchingtCln and H e rn e Bay D iv is io Jl and a lso nH.:mhcr,> of the 1hnadstair R R. C.S. T h e Yi ca r (t he R e\, . \ \'. A. R. Ba ll ) dedicated the a.m bul a n ce, w h ilst t h e :\ jayo r (A lderman C. :\ ix()n) handed o \'e r t h e ca r to :\l ajor \\' . If . X ollle. The \'ICar, pre \ ious to t h e dedication, me n tioned that ja~t year the R al1l:.~atc T own D iyisio n r emond -I-S8 'ick people and attended 13+ accident, t h e am hul ances h;1\' in g' tra \T lkd 9,633 Jllik~. Th e nurses h ad atte nded 677 ca cs. T h e \' Ica r also paid h ig-h praise to t h e \\ o r k do n e. T h e 1 fayo r a l ' 0 expres cd hi s a pprec iat ion at the lun cheo n wl1 ic h fo ll owed t h e ce r em o n y. ;.ra j o r Toblc spok e of t h e wo nderf ul co-ope ratio n exist in g bet",.'ee n th e Ra m sgatc Tow n D jy isio Jl amI t he Broad sta irs B .R. C.S ., a nd hi s enti11l e ntw e r e ech oed h) Di y . S u pt. G . H. \iVi lli ams) w h o a lso th a nked th e uhsc ribe r s to th e n ew am hul a n ce. D ur ing- thi s su m m e r t h e R am g-ate T o wn Di \' i io n h a y e h a d a busy t ime v\·ith th e ir thr ee a mb ul a nces. O n A ug ust 22nd th e Au s tin ca r too k a s ick m a n to r oyd on , th e F o rd a w om a n pa ti en t to t11 c Middl esex H o pi ta l, w hil st t h e D enni s was ca ll ed to a n ast y acci d ent in volv in gse ri o us inj ury to t h e eye 0 f a yo un g: cycli st, and d ealt with fOLlr o th e r r em ovals. Th e Fo rd, r eturnin g fr o m Londo n , was ri g-ht on th e spo t a t a m oto r sm as h at Ch a rin g II ill) a nd took th e injured m a n on to A sh rord II ospi ta1. The Austin h a d just a rri ved ba ck fro m C ro yd on w h eJl a n urge nt call was r ece iv ed fr om th e sa nds. A hoy h a d just becn r esc u ed fr om drownin g . Th c p a ti ent w as pra ct icall y go n e w h en bro ug h t a sh o r , but h a ppily tw o amhul a n ce m en, vi s itors, on e fr o m Bursteac1, E ssex) a nd

Bv A DOCTOR. TIl E SlfO L' LDER GIRDLE.

TlIl: bo ncs by \\ hi c h the uppe r limbs are attached

to the trunk co n stitute the ho ulder g irdle; s imilarly the ho n s by \\ hi h th e lo we r lim bs are attached to tht: t rull k f rm the pe h' i g- i relIc. Th e g i I'd I o f th e upp e r e:\.trCIll i ties is formed hy t he 'ca pul e\? a nd th e la "icl es . TIr E L \\' I L E

T he E'\. tcr ior a nd Dress in g

A I D.

cxtrclll i ties . The upper extremi ty consists of a head and two tu bercles; there is a deep g roove bet:veen the latter called the Bicipital g roo ve over whIch the tendon of the Biceps mu scle pass es. THE DELTOID Tl' BEROSlTY is a rou bO'h pro. mlnence on the outer sidc of the shaft to which the del toid muscle is attached, ' Two prom inences at the lower end are called Epicondyles . There are two depress ions between the epicond y les ; the anterior one is called the Coronoid fossa, and the posterior one the Olecranon fos s a, into which the olecranon fits when the arm is exte nded. The upper end of the Humeru s articulates with th e Glenoid cavity of the scapula fo rming a ball and socket joint, which allows more freedom ?f movement than an y other joint in the bod y . .f1?e tw.o ,Processes of the scapula proj ect over the JOInt g IvIn g a ce rtain amount of protection and hel ps to preven t dislocation. The Forearm consists of two bon es the RADI CS J\.'\D U L.'\A. Both bones articulate wi~h the lower e nd of the humerus, formin g a hin g e joint, which

ect ion of th e Ce ntra l Ambul a nce Di \" is io n's (Oldh a m Co rp ) i'l e ,,' R oad P at r ol

1 1' collar-bo ne

i a 10n O' bone whi h articulates with he sternum in front, and with the acromiom pror e~s of the scapula behind . TIlE CAP U LA or ho ulder blade is a flat triangular bone with a nro minent rid g e at the back, its anterior surface is ! 11l00lh and concave; it crlides over the COI1\T ex !' urface of the ribs behind; at its upper and outer extre mity there is a com'ave surface for articulation \\ ith the head of the humerus . Some of the muscles of the back are attached to the bordcrs of the scapulce as we ll as to the flat surfare and to the spine. The bone itself has no ~t ~a chlllen t to the:: other bones except at the 8houlder J Ot n t. . TIlE II :'ItER S is the bone of the upper arm . It I S a long bone and consists of a shaft and two

* R e printed by co urtesy of the Irish lVurst'1lg and l!ospa al TVodel.

tat lo n.

allows of movement in one plan e only, similar to the hinge of a door. The Ulna lies on the inner side of the forearm . There is a projection from its upper extremity which passes be hind the humerus; it is called the Olecranon process , and forms the prominence of the elbow. THE RADl e has a button -like extremity, with a concave surface, which articulates with a convex surface at the lower end of the humerus. Its lower extremity is larg and has two articular urfaces , the lower one for articulation with the bones of the wr ist, and that on the inner side with the ulna. On the other side the bone projects downwards forming the Styloid process . {J PINATI0 1T . - \ \ hen the arm is extended with the pa lm of the hand uppermost this attitude is termed upination; in this position the radius and u l na are para ll el.

FIRST

PRONATION.- 'Vhen the arm is extended and the back of the hand is uppermost the attitude is called Pronation. The ulna does not change its position, but the lower end of the radius turns round the ulna crossing it and carrying the hand with it. THE CARPU , or wrist, is composed of eight small bones called the Carpel tones. These bones are hpld together by means of ligaments, and are capable of a slight gliding movement. ~IETACARPAL BONES are five long bones ,,,hich form the palm of the hand. These pass from the wrist to the four fingers and the thumb, the latter being capable of a greater degree of movement than the former. THE PHALANGES consist of 14 bones, which form the fingers, two for the thumb and three for each of the other fingers. These are united by means of ligaments and connected with the metacarpal bones. THE LOWER EXTRE:\IITY is attached to the trunk by means of the pelvis, and consists of the Femur or thigh bone, the Patella or kneecap, the Tibia or shin-bone and the Fibula, forming the bones of the calf, the Tarsal or ankle bones, the Metatarsal or bones of the instep, the Phalanges or bones of the toes. THE PELVIS, or hip bones, are also called the Innominate bones. In a young child each innominate bone consists of three parts ,,,hich unite in the Acetabulum in a cup-like depression with which the Femur articulates. The upper portion is called the 1LIU~I, the lower part the ISCHIUl\I, the anterior portion which joins the bone of the opposite side is called the PUBIS. THE FE~1:CR, or thigh bone, is a long- bone consisting of a shaft and two extremities. Its upper extremity or head articulates with the ACETABULUM of the pelvis, forming a ball and socket joint similar to the shoulder joint, but not capable of such free movement. THE TIBIA AND FIBULA, or calf bones, correspond to the radius and ulna, but the fiblua is firmly attached to the tibia at both ends, and therefore not capable of the movements of supination and pronation. THE KNEE JOINT is a hinge joint similar to the elbow joint, but the tibia alone articulates with the lower end of the femur; the Fibula takes no part in the formation of the joint. The knee joint is protected by the Patella or knee-cap. THE TARSAL BONES form the ankle and are seven in n urn ber. The largest is called the CALCANEUS or Os CALCIS, and forms the heel. METATARSAL BONES.-There are five of these, which are connected with the ankle bones and with the phalanges of the toes; these correspond to the bones of the fingers in number and arrangement. When corresponding with advertisers :nention "FIRST AID."

kindly

Septcmber, 1932.

September, 1932 .

A I D.

FIR S T

At O.

Books and Infection. TIlE possibility of infection being conveyed by books is a matter of practical importan e, as sick per ons are often om n i vorous readers and obtai n books in many in tances from the public lihrari es . On the face of it, it appears quite likely that inf ction may be transmitted in this manner. Certai n d isease-causin a bactcria can I iYe for some time outside the body . .:> The mi ro-organ ism ' causing tuberculosis and di phthe[-ia will su n ' i ve drying for some day. The "irus of smallpox is highly resistant to drying. Thcre is little cviden c available that the virus of discases sLlch as chickcnpox, measles, and German mea Ie can survivc outside the body. And though the call alorgani III or organisms of influcnza are highly infective, thc transm ission of this fever ha not bccn ascri hed to infection by books-wh ich i fortu nate for th~ peace of m incl of the publ ie inti me!:> f l: pidem ic. \Vith streptococci, the evidence is conDiding, most observers reporting that they ",ill not Slln'i\-e lrying for long. Recent obsenations tend l show that the streptococcu of carlet fe\'cr is morL: resistan t. But while the transmission of infection bv books is a theoretical possibility, Dr. G. E. ate~'3 poi n ts out in the Interllal/oJ]al Jfc{hcal -< lllllllal that as a practical possibility it is most unlikely. Very rarely has infection bcen traced to books, and the general opinion seems to he that in comparison with the usual mcans of spreading infection that from books is almost of negligible importance. :Mo reover, to disinfcct a hook is no easy task, and where the risk is appreciable, as with cIa ical smallpox, the safest plan is to burn infected book. As regards disinfection by formalin or other disinfectant vapour, it only disinfect the outsides o( books but may serve to allay any nervousness on the part of the public.

The Southgate Division, S.}. .\.B., held a flag day on Saturday, Scptember 3rd.

The members of the Amersbam Division, S.]. ,\, B" held their first official dance last month, 3

•

A total of £50 was collected by the flag day in aid of the funds of the St. John Ambulance Brigadc and the Ealing Nursing Division. The annual re-examination of the officers and men of the Carnmenellis Division, S.J.A. B., was held on August 19th, in the ambulance headgu arte rs at Polhigey Mine. The exam iner was Dr. T. R eid, of Cam borne, who also examined the newly-formed Cadet Corps, whose instructors are Supt. W. J, Phillips and Corpl. E. H. James,

Przory for Wales. _\CTI\' ITJES

OHTIJ \rV ,\LES.

The 'ommissioncr for \\ 'alc: , thc lIon. John H. Bruce :-.pent, l.he 1110nll.l of . \ugu."t in making the acquainlance of tl,w bng ;~de units and lhose connectcd " 'ith thc Priory in l\orlh \\ ,.tles. and alrcad: e\'idpnLl! is forlhcoming of the \ alllc of hiS lOur. . Tllurscla:. 11~l'.11lh :\ugust, ",as a r edleltcr day in the 11 IS.t \ ry l) the. (!Jlrl~ Di\'isio n, \\ hich has mainlaCned an .lcl l\·c r~cord. Sllhl' It-; reg·i:-.tration in 100-1-; and a ~Jl1art parad.e If1 \\'llIl' h thL' Chid\: 1l1_l1lber \n~ rl' joined h\ lhose of thl' \\ rl'X~laf11 a~ld Rhus Di"iiol1s, formed up tht' Drill lIall [or IfbrL:~llllll IT\ the \)Jllfnissionl'r for \\'ales \\"ho ilCt0I11I~.1I~',0d ,hy lhl'. ~'l'ntrL Commis 'il)ner (Dr .. '. E. S,dt). ~Ir. <}. 1. GUL"l .( C.I~_ld ~of1stablL' for Dcnbigh hire) <lnd_ ,\1/ '. lit/cst .. tnd ')lall OlllcL'r D. JOIWS. Thc onlcers p.r.l"lf1t 111l11ldL' d . upl. P P. Kent and .\mb. Oflicer A. \\r<..,halll· \ll1h II1Ic·bl\1\ld. d ,'. ' l)llll"r '- \\ ' . )I'. JOI1(s_ RI lOS' all Amh. l)fllllr l;. Ili"<ri'hlHl lll'II-ITIl C I/1SPCltlfl· ' . 'r 1:>""''''' j ICI.~I \\)Jllpllllllntlll the Di\ i"illn" UPl)11 lheir sma:t appc.traIlLl' . . \[tl'r cX;lll1ining the \\'rcxham motor :1fl1hulance tJle '~LlIlllL'na/1u_' 01 whirll, uIH.h:r the direction of the CI' f ll'lbt~blL', fllrJlh an l'xlrl'l11L 1:- lfSl,ful parl of the "en ic~l~f thL' \\ J"l'xh.lIl1 Division. lhL CnJl1ll1i~.,il)f1L'r for \\',tlcs add.rls'>cd the Cl)mpal1\" in lhl' I rill 1J.t11 wht'rl' I)r "lll -, J I r11 I"11" OpLnll1~ rcmark.., the Ch,tirm<lll , . , P'I:/( Ll. said the \·i..,it of lhL' \ll1hulancc 'hi:f g-a\'l' grl'al s,lli"faclil)Jl l\l lhe Cnit · al1~ ~hL'~~ \\ crl: glall'flll lo him for making the journey: \fl. hlUll'l)lIlllfll'd tllL' prllgrl'SS of the .\mhlllance 1110\elllc;lt r~n('ra ll_\, and expl.linl'd the rapid slridl" made ill oulh (\ aiL'S; and. J"l'fcn'll1g in terms llf apprcciilt iL)1l to pasl seryice ... l ' llrg\'J [hL~ll1 Ilnt tn I L'"t llJ1 lhl ir l)ar" hut ltl I "1 -l " d'l . 'td \.. I. L II .., Cd I \ , ,'llll ll1~ III nl'~\ .al Ill'\ L'll1enh, C0Il1f11l'IH.ling lhe t'slablisliI1lLlll llf ~ :lud L nib to lheir l'arnc t cOf)sidt'ration. . ~n I Ul'SUtl y.' :\llgllsl 23rd, the .\hen·..,(\\, lil Di\ ision III t 1,1:gL' of [)I\ Isional lIpl. !\. E\'<l n's, a~sembled fo:d,lSPC'C[l ll/1 .tl the IIeadquarter:::.. TIlL' President Coh 1 I G I, 0 sell R I l - ] I) f . , l Ie. . ' , 0 )~r ", . ., a [cr\\"an.ls pre..,ldeu at a l11eelin.r held ill the, Ellg-lhh \\\'"lcyan Schoolroom al which the :"-!Hon J )1111 Bruce addres"eu Lhl! membcr", con<rratulalil1'" them i ~~ exccj):'~t_ '\'?~k carried out ~uring- th~ season ~~ld stress,.., the de Ir,lhtlll) of augmenlJn o ' the Brio-adt: b" t . . I 'ldcts r\ d " I b ...., rall1t11g te\" en y l.O j0111 t l.e senior ranks. hief C011stabie .e n ]oncs, In sec:)nlimg- a vote of thanks to ~lr. Bruce l,dC I red t.o the splendlu \Yay in v\,hich the calls for the ambu~ dnc~ which :\'as run by the .\berystwyth Di\' ision were bein<y I) d , and saId there was not an occasion when the car had Ihlt turned out w·tJ· . I 1111 rlye m1l1utes a f ter receiving a call. <

\::as

or. .

01;

OPEN

O~lPETITION AT PO'TYCYl\lMER.

1I " :Vf' ith a \·iew. to stimu laling interest in ambulance work 1 'aldau Institute and Gar\\" Di\-ision are o' .. . ' open com )eL't' f'l c or::,3J1ISlI1g an (Irs _ I I Ion or a Sl ve r cup and monetary prizes for the '.l thlee teams, and fivc medals for the ind' ,'d 1 petllo 'U I I' I 1\ I ua COI11lance rs WIlt le :lg lest marks, to take rlace at the Ambuc H~II, Pont) cymmer 011 Saturd,ty, October 1st. Th e r~f1tes.t IS open to teams of five men holdino- a recoo-ni ed ~~~t aid certlficate ; ~nd entries accompanied"'by a of 5/!IJ) lends team must be 111 by Seplember 26th TI D'" to 1 I . 1e I\'151On ho cd ' rna {e t le comI?eLition. an annual cvent ; and it is of .cll11bulan ce enthUSIasts will contribute to the succcss 1 to b ,e lf1a~gural contest, to which members of the public are e adm itted frec of charge.

£et

VAU, OF GLUI0RGA~

SIIO\\,.

The flrsl aid provisions which have become a customar feature of the arrangements for the above Society'S -\.nnuJ how, held at Cowbridp-e on the 7th September \~'ere as u ual undertaken by the Prion: for \\'ales whose 'p' . I t . de" J rlI1CJpa ecre ar) an ommlSSlOner for \\'ales acted as Director of :-\mbulance. On.e fully-equipped fir t aid tent was erected In. tl.l~ gro~nd, WIth members of the Llangeinor Ambulance DI\ IS.lon, I.n. charge of Corporal \\'. J. Charle, on du t) , a~d It IS good to record that no serious case occurred , Th,s :-ear the "Hearst" Sil.\·~r Challenge Cup "' a~ offered for tlw ambulance competltlOn, which was held in the Town Hall by courtesy of the ~laror ot Cow bridge. . ,. ~he ] udges were. Centre Surgeon Edgar Llewellyn and DI\ I tOnal Surgeon .:\aunton Lewis, City of Cardiff Centre' a~:d, a the Brigade teams found them ~l\"es in competitiol~ \\.Ilh .o m.e of ti:c .keenest ~olice teams, the follo\\'ing result "a:::. ,ery gratify lng, particularly to the Ferndale Di\'ision of the Rhonc.lda Centre ; 1st, Ferndale S.J. _\mbulance Division 227 2nd, "E" Di\'ision, Glamoro-an Count,.' Poli~e 2')-+ Jrd, ;~b~,rda.J"~ SJlamorgan C~unty Police, 223i. ~ . th , B Dl\ ISlon, Glamorgan County Police; 220 . ~lh, Brynma\\"r Brecknockshire Police 217.1 ~lh, 'IC" Di\'i ion, Glamorgan Countj~ Poli~~, 208. Ith, A.berdare .j. Ambulance Di\"i ion, 189i-. 8th, Pontyclun S.] .. \mbulance Division 1781. Possible marks 289. ' 2'

The . Honorary Director of A.mbulance who was <:cC0l111:an,cd by the .Hon. ~lrs. Bruce, addre sed lhe LOl1lpetlt~rs \\"ho ~\'ere !tned lip in front of the Grand Stand for the I r entatton Ceremony; and thanked the secretar' J of the how, apt. . T. ]. Yorwerth ' F ..'\. ·\ .I. , tl1 e Ofl-lCla . I an d t Ile ] udg-e ~ for their ntl ua ble en' ice. Lady Bya s, at the reque l of the Hon. John Bruce t J I .\ b uIhanded D'the . . 'I Hear t" Cup to the Ferndale ' . 0 ln ."l.m a?c.e 1\"I - tOnal Team, stating she con idered it a "ery great pnvdege and. an honour to ha"e the opportunilY of ri'lakin o the presentatIOn. .::, I;-;SPECTION AT ~l.-\'RKI!.UI. _~he annual inspection of lsi wyn Corps was held at l\hl kham.on Saturday, September 3rd. Th e Corps lined u P on the ma1l1 T1' degar-Ne\\"porl road and headed b· 1 r k ham and District Colliery Band ~araded to \Velfare Ground. ' ar" lam

1\/ I_t

!he parade included contingents from the Tredegar, r~~k.ham, Argoed, Oakdale, Pontllanfraith and Ynysddu DI\' I Ions; and a plea ing feature was the attendance- of -+2 cadets. The' inspcction was conducted b)' tile Co mmlSSlOner " f or \V I . .a ~s aSSisted by Captain S. T. Beard, O. B. E., Sub-CommISSioner hire Centre'' Dr . C . G . 11\1\ 1 ac I~",a y . C Sl\lonmouth T orr s orrs Secretary ]. Leach; u pt. \r\. ~en bert h y ; C,orps Inspectol~ dLltbtlc and Corps Supt. F. Telm . The,· \\ere accompanle y the Hon. ~lrs . Bruce I d'l' \tV D \V 11 D ' r. an . 1 rs. . . 00 er, r. and Mrs. \Villiams (Blackwood) and 1\1r. al:d l\1r . D. D .. Da\"ie (:'darkham). ' Dl~plays were gl\'cl: and_ tl?e Commi sionercomplimented ll~e Ish~) f1 Co:.ps on thel: fficlency, stating that to-day there ~ere flom 1,100 to 1,800 members in the Monmouth hir entre. The Islwyn Corps eon isted of four ollie rs) 275

FIRST

men and 77 cadets. Great interest was taken in ambulanc work by Tredegar Iron and oal Co., and Cnited l\'ational ~oal Co., added the COl11missioner, who referred particularly to the keen intere l taken by :'Ilr. \V. D. Woollcy (l\lanaging Director of the Tr degar 0.). The Hon. -;\Irs. Bruce commented on the absence of a :-\ur ing orp ' and Girl Guides and llOped that l\'ursing CIa es would be immediately started. Corps urgeon :'IlacKay aid it \Va - a joy to him to see uch a large number in uniform, and to know lheir el11ciency \"as appreciated.

First Aid and the Law. By E. ~IAITLAKD \VOOLF, A.I.L.A. No. 5.-THE LEGAL STATC OF THE ST. JOH~ A:'IrBCLA?\CE BRIGADE. Qt.;EE~ VICTORIA did, in the 51st year of her reign grant to (( The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem in England," a Royal Charter. King Edward VII in the 7th year of his reign granted the Grand Priory a supplementary Charter. This altered one or two of the provisions of the original Charter. In June 1926, King George V granted a further Royal Charter I I consolidating, amending and superseding" the previous charters. It is interesting to note that from the date of the Georgian Charter I ( the name designation and title" of the Order became (( The Grand Priory in the British Realm of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John in Jerusalem." Clause 5 of the Charter states that the Statutes set forth in the Schedule thereto are and shall be the sole Statutes of the Order, and may only be altered by the Grand Prior (at the present moment the Duke of Connaught, K.G., &c.) on the recommendation of the Chapter-General, and with the written consent of the Lord Chancellor. It further provides that certain Statutes are unalterable except by a further Royal Charter (the right to grant such, being reserved by the Original and the Present Charters to IC Us, Our Heirs and Successors" (meaning the Sovereign for the time being.) Clause 6 of the Charter ordains that the present (at the time of granting) Regulations of the Order are and shall be valid and binding provided that they are not repugnant to the Provisions of the Charter nor contrary to the Laws of the Realm. The clause further gives power to the Grand Prior on the recommendation of the ChapterGeneral to make, rescind and amend regulations. The clause further protects the rights and privileges of the Priory for Wales within the Pri ncipality of Wales but lays down that the exercise of such

AID.

eptem bel', 193 5 .

right and privileaes shall be subject in all respects to the Su preme Con trol of the Chapter-General. It is important to note these t\\·o clauses as it is by the Statutes and Regu lations therei n referred to that the ~ t. John Am bulance Association and Brigade come into being. Statute 2 of the Schedule to thc harter set out the objects and purposcs of the Order. Section E of the ~ tatute states that one of the obJects and purposes of the Order is "The maintenance of the St. John Ambulance Association, the objects of which are " and Sub Section iv fills in one of the gap \\ ith " The organization and administration of the Invalid Tran ' port orps and of the t. John Ambulance Brigade both at Home and Ov rseas." Vve have know traced the L eral Bcing o[ thc St. John Ambulan e BrLrracie, and \\e can ~et exactly how far it is connected with the Order. Let us consider the matter again, this time from the PQin t of vic\\' of th 'so iation, and \\'e shall be able to trace more clearly the statu~ of the Brigade. tatute 19 states that th I. 'Oll . n lati n~ o[ the Order are (1) The t. John plhal m ic IIo~[li tal at at Jerusalem (2) The St. J Ohl1 Ambulance A~~ociatiol1 with its ancillaries (1) The t. John Am bulancc Brigade at Home. (2) The t. J oh n Am bulancc 1" rigadc Overseas. but power is reserved for the Grand PriOr (on the recom mendation of the Chapter-General) "to constitute, alter, or abolish the Foundations as deemed desirable in the interests of the rder." The Foundations 2re under the uprcme Control of the Grand Prior and the ChapterGeneral, but the right is reserved to delegate this power. The Organization of the Brigade is regulated by Section 2 of the General Regulations setting out the relations of Areas, Corps, Divisions, &c. We have thus traced the Legal Status of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

------,--.-----.\ course of first aid inslruclion for men will be helJ al Toynbec Hall, Commercial-street, London, Kl, co mmencing Wednesday, September 28th, at 8 p.m. Fee for the course (includ in g ('xaminalion) 3/ 6. The lecturer will be Dr.R. K. Bowes, LB ., B.S., F.H... C.S.

Does your colleague read FIRST AID, if not, send us his address and we will post him a copy.

September, 1932 .

FIRST

S.J.A.B. Overseas. SOL'TII AFRI CA RAILWAY ' A D IIARBO UR A;\IHtL N 'E DIVI ION, PORT ELIZABETH. TillS Division has experienced quite a lot of activ ity since the annual meeting last December, and d u ri ng J u nc, July and August various fu nctions and competitions have been held. On Junc 1st the Railw:1Y Kursing and \mbulallce Divi sions held a very enjoyable dance in t. eorge's IIall; quite a number of local resonalitic ' were present including tne :\Iayor (:\Ir. II. J. :\lillard), \\'ho, Jllrin er the course of the evcn i ng, com pi i men ted the B rigadc and presented <1 trophy for pen c mpetition among the various ambulance units in thc it\'. II also wished the ladies of thc 1 ursi ng Di;'i ion team, who were ka\'ing the following evening for East London to compete in the annual semi-I1nals [the , I Price" ~hicJc.l, c\'en' ucce~s. On Jun 17th the lJrigade annual insp ction took pia e in the Rai Iway I nsti tu te, when Dr. lkn n ic IIe\\ at, 'hid m m i ioner [or ou th . \frica, a ' i ·ted by:\1 r. Gor Ion .. ' m ith, District ~ccretary, in.-peeted the Railway Nursing Divi')Ion, the Rai I\\ely 1\ 111 bulance Di vi ion and the ht City .\Ill blllancc Di\'i ion. lIe paid tribute to t he 11 ne re rd of the year's work and com pI imente I the Di\·isiol1s on thcir ~mart appearance hath in drill and the te ts that e\'enin a . On June 26th the annual church parade was held, \\'11 n the Eail\\'ay 1'\ursing, the Railway .\mbulancc, th Y.\\'.C . . and the 1st City Ambulancc Divi i ns atten led. The service was held in t. l\Iary's ollegiate hurch and the Rev. Canon :\1 a yo cond ucted the very im pressive service. n July lOth the annual re-examination of members took place, also the examinaton of recruits, and the re ults were very satisfactory the percentaere of marks showing a fairly high result. In connection with the recent competitions P ort Elizabeth mbulance Division were unlucky to loose again to itenhage in the preliminary of he IC Price" Shield and the" Perrot" Cup but th eir keenness has not been dampened. The'Port E lizrlbeth ladies were also unfortunate in not WII1n ing at East London, but, to their credit, Iiss \ Vass man, their Lady Superintendent, was : lIc~ess[ ul in obtaining highest marks in the Indivi dual and practical of the finals held in Durban . Private Pennel of Uitenhaae Division , b Nho carried ri a ht through the va ri ous el i mi natin a tests with highest marks, succeeded in winnin~ th e " Duncan" Cup for individual and practicaf The Nursing and Ambu lance Divisions are 1I 0W training hard to compete for the IC 1i ll ard"

A 10.

Trorhy which will be held some time towards the end of the year; and the Ambulance Divi sion are also going strong in training individually for the " Kinmont " Cup for individu~l and practical. These notes cannot close before drawing attention to the most notable event in the history of South African first aid work-the very proud moment of the Natal t. John Ambulance Divisions in obtaining, or rather, being the proud possessors of thei r own Hall and Headquarters, which is situated in Durban; this was mainly due to the generosity of the Durban Corporation in granting land and other assistance in building same. Perhaps Port Elizabeth one day may he successful in obtaining something of its kind. There is enough wealth in the City, and the and the am bu lance workers are al ways to the fore when they are required, In conclusion, we, in South Africa, have many difficulties and it is through this and the ambition to o\'ercome them that the Am bulance f\Iovement carries through and succeeds.

----.-. ~ .------

Home Service Ambulance Committee. AT the end of June, 1932, there were, according to the quarterly report for 1932, 187 of the Committee' ambulance throughout the country and 130affiliatecl station, making a total of 317. The number of patients carried during the quarter \\-as 27,-1-31, bringing the total number of ca e carried to 1,12-1-,175. The tran port of the ick and injured i 0 e entially dependent for its ert1cicncy on a proper kno\\'ledge and application of the principle of first aid, that it is fortunate for the succe s for the Home :\mbulance Sen-ice, that it exi tence has been contemporary with a great ad\-ance in the popular recognition of the practice of that science as a valuable form of social service. The Committee's Radiographic Department ha for long heen di lingui hed for its pioneer \\'ork in mobil X-ray practice and for the qualit) of its output. 1\0 e~pcnse has been pared in providing \\'hatever \\'as nece ary to ecure t hat the apparatu should be equal to the mo t e~actjng modern requirements, and the results obtained have rece~\'ed the warm appro\-al of the medical profes ion. During the pa t quarter, the Committe has further recogni - ed the importance of thi \\-ork by the pro\-j ion of a completely new vehicle for the housing of the apparatu , an~ improved pro\-i ion for the ource of electric upply. Thl car l1as been designed and built e pecially for the \york undel the directions of the Department. The sturdy chassi , po\\-erful ngine and generator, not only make il possible to takc the fullest ad\'antage of the capabilities of the X-ray plant, but also considerably widen the range of country in which the car can operate. The Unit is belie\-ed to be the 1110 t powerful and efficient X-ray Cnil that has e\-er been produced in mobile form ~econdly

The "DECORATORS' &. PAINTERS' MAGAZINE" 8d. monthly) is THE trade paper for all Interested. Publishing Office: 46, Canoon Street, E.C 4.

66 FIR S i AID. September, 1932. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ----

Razlway Ambulance News. Great Western. AXKUc\L REPORT, 1931-32.-The report of the G.W.R. Ambulance Centre for thc year ending July 30th, 1932 discloses results which arc much morc gratifying than could haye been anticipated in view of the industrial depression \\"hich obtained th roughout the period. The fact that with practically no recruitment of staff the number of successful examinee "w as 7616, only 11 less than that for the prcyious t\\"elYe months, and within 70 of the highest figure eyer recorded, is surely highly creditable for all concerned. As was anticipated, there was a substantial falling off in new certificates, these being reduced to 788 as compared with 1 113 for the previous yea r. The Athlone Bowl, awarded annually to the Divisi on returnin g the largest number of successful certificate members to the total examinees, has been won by the Swindon (No.3 ) Division, whose certificate members for the year constitute 21.92 per cent. of the total. This is the third time that the trophy has gone to the Swindon Diyision, to whom it was also awarded in 1927 and 1930. The report gives some interesting information with regard to the G. \ A/.R. "Efficiency" awards, and the total number of these granted since the institution of the 15 year medal in 1921 is as under:-15 year gold medals 1,263 20 year gold bars 576 25 year medals 186 30 year bars 29 During the year nine members of the staff were admitted as Serving Brothers of the Order of St. John , whilst six others received the Vellum Vote of Thanks in rccognition of meritorious se n 'ices to the movement over a long period of years . The r eport concludes on rather a new note, but a significant one, and we cannot do better than g ive a short excerpt :"The increasing interest demonstrated in the Great \ Vestern Railway ambulance movement by Civic Authorities and prominent local r esidents is another encouraging feature of the work, and tributes paid by public men to the value of the railway-trained ambulance worker to the community, particularly in connection with services affo rded in connection with road accidents, are a form of appreciation which h as been a direct incentive to the staff to continue this beneficent work." CARDIFF.-It is reported with considerable regret that 1\1r. G. H. Davey, who has filled the post of Divi sional Secretary for the Cardiff ( o. 8) Division since 1923, relinquishes office at the close of the month. Mr. Davey came into the Great Western Railway service on the absorption of the Barry Railway under the Railways Act of 1922, and prior to that he had been particularly active in connection with First Aid work under the auspices of the British Red Cross Society. The Cardiff (No.8) Division is one of the largest in the G.W.R. organisation, and during Mr. Davey's period of office has continued to r ecord substantial progress year by year. In r ecognition of his services to the movemcnt 11r. Davey was recently awarded the Vellum Vote

of Thanks of the Order of Sl. John as a result of representations made by the G. \Y.R. Central Aml1l1lance Committee. 1\1r. Davey is to be ucceeded by 1\Ir. D. Board, \\ ho, like 1\1r. Davey, is a memlJcr of the start" of the DlyislOnal Traffic Superintendent at 'ardiff. ABERYST\\'YTlI.-The anl1ual dinner organised hy me111berJ of the Abery hr} lh ambulance c1a'i!:> \\ as held at the G.\V.R. restaurant, \\"hel1 :\[ r. H. \Van\"ick, District Traffic l\Ianager, OS\Yc try, pre 'ideo and \\"a' supported hy Mr. R. J. R. Loxdale, J.P., 1\Ir. E. Colclough, D1\ isional Locomot1\'e Superintendent, :'\1r. T. C. .\. IIodson, Divi ional Ambulance Secretary, :\Ir. S. Jones, Chid 'ontahIL, and others. 1\1r. \ Varwick referrecl \\illl pride lo the creditable record of the Central \Ya1cs Division in the amhulanc' movement, and scud that the Aherystwyth clas \\ a' kecping up its hiO"h r ep utation. and appealed to the youllger members to join the ranks. He pre cnlet\ the YellulU Vote of Thank of the Order of St. Tohn to 1\1r. C. R. \Villiams, for distinguished sen'ice" to thc 11l0\'Cl1lcnt. Class a\\'ards \yere pre ented hy l\1r. Lnxdale, \\ ho dL' cribed the gro\\ th of ambulancl' \\"ork among Great \\'c'tern Raih\"aymcn as al11azin~. 011 hehalf of thc class, the secretary, 1\1r. T. R. Jones, was prcenlec\ with a fountain pen.

September, 1932 .

li' IRst

A 10.

At the presentation meeting Maj or W. H . Carver,

M.P., thc donor of thc cup, stresscd thc importance of l\mbulallce \\'ork. During four years) hc said, 30,000 people WC'rC killed 011 thc road whilst during the same period (I rOIll 1926 to 1930) 92 passengers were killed on the raihyays, yet railway cmp loyees are constantly competito rs in Ambulancc competitions, while road transport l'lllployees are not. IIe suggested that the omnibus ser\'ICeSholllcl take a hint from the r ailways. Capt. Horden, Chief Constable of the East Riding, "trL'~sed the importance of ambulance work and was delighted to see the progress made. Capt. icholas, County Trea urer, East Riding Dist rict. S.J.A.IL, strcs~l(l tile importance of Ambulance competit iOI1 . The trophy \\"as presented to the winning team by .\Irs. CarYLr. upt. Hllddlestone, East Thn.'L l'rL sent included f'idill~ Police: Supt. Bartrop, Ea t Riding' .J .A.B. ; Corps ltfllLr T. Lamh. Mr. J. .. Harper, District Supt., J "" r.E.R.: ).[r. Lindherg, .:\. t. upt; Inspector Simpson, L. .. E.R. Police; )'lr. C;eo. \\' . Jark 011, gCllera l secretary, Xorth Eastern Area; and )'Ir. G. Oakes, Hull di trict _ccreta ry.

Detailed Marking Sheet, No. 38. INDIVlDUAL

TESTS.

BEARERS Nos. 1 AND 2. Card of Instruction. You two are at home practisin~ for this competition while some children are letting off fireworks in the ga rden. The time is 7 p. m., and no one else is in the house. Suddenly you hear a sharp report followed by screams of pain. Act as you should. Time limit 6 minutes. Immediately proceed to garden 2 Quick inquiry (Boy put lzand 07)er cannon) 2 Carry crying child into the kitchen 3 Noting- blood spurting from right palm '" 2 Immediate digital co mpression right brachial 3 Placi ng child in suitable position 3 Other Bearer goes for first aid appliances 2 Gently wash away blood-stains and dirt ... 3 \Vith wa rm boiled water; Iodin(fingers 2 Improvised tourniqu et radial and ulnar arteries 5

London and North Eastern. Captain W. Goodley, 1\1. c., has been appointed to succeed the la te Mr. H. C. Higson as Ambulance entre Secretary of the G.c. Section of the L. & .E.R. Tllat Capt. Goodley will be a worthy successor to thc late 1\1r. Higson there can be no doubt and his appointment will be received with satisfaction. It was in 1895 that Capt. Goodley took his first Ambulance certificate and evcr since hc has been a keen worker on th e G.E. Section of thc L. & N.E.R. and o. 1 District of the S.J.A.B. From 1901 to 19 19 he was first officer of the 1\Iarch Raihvay Division and in t.hc competition \\ orld he captained the March team which won thc G.E. Railway Challenge Cup on seven occasions in eight years and a lso captained this team when it \\'on the lntcr-Railway Challenge Shield in 1903) 190+ and 1907. Since the Great War) in which he sencd with honour, he has been promoted to t.he rank of Asst. Commissione r and Public Duty Offieer of the No. 1 District S.J.A.B. For his Ambulance service to the G.E. Railway Ambulance Centre he was appointed Honorary Serving Brother of the Order of St. ] ohn in 1924. HULL.- Thc annual competition for the "Ca rver Cup," arranged by the Paragon (Uull) class was held on August 27th. Sixteen teams competed including police, railway, minin g, etc., teams. The judges werc Dr. J. E. Crooks, Chas, A. Dean and ]. G. Lindsay. . The r esult was: 1st, King George Dock Pollce (Hull), 370~ points; 2nd, Newland Colliery, 300; 3rd) Hull City Policc, 298~.

King George Dock (IIull) Police Team receiving the "Carver" Cup from Mrs. Carver On l\lr. an'er's right is lajor VV. H . Carver, donor of the cup . . The arrangements werc in charge of a committee, of whl.ch 1\1r. R. Ritchie \,as president, 11r. A. O. Sayner, ( hauma n, Mr. A. 'tead) vice-presidcnt, 1\1r. A. J. Healcy, t rc.a urer, and l\lr. \V. E. Twinham secretary.

- - - ._. ---.\ new L.e.e. ambulance station has been opened at Silchester ME'ws, orlh Kensington. For your next dance, whist dri\'e or other social event do not fo rget to order copies of the posters advertised in this Jour nal. ~-

Divisions, Districts or Areas publishinO" their own mo nthl "J ourna 1" are Il1Vlte " d to f onvard a t:-copy of same, Lls pub ll sl1C'd, to the Editor of FIRST AlD.

Carefully examine palm (penetrating wound " crepdlls

ft0

Iodine wound on both sides of hand Dry soft dressing on both sides of hand Bandage lightly with hand bandage Well-padded hand- plint and bandage Support limb in St. J ohn Sling Keep Rat; cover warmly j give hot drink Bearer tactfully informs child's parents ... While other conveys chi ld to hospital (-+00 yards) General promptness and efficiency

3 3 3 5 3 3 3

3 of

BEARERS Nos. 3 AND -+. Card of Instruct/ou. You two 'with your haver acks are WhltlOg at- a quiet pot for your bus (due in 15 minutes) when you see a )Uun~

FIRST

man jump off anot her bus before it top. H e falls h eavi ly to the ground and utters a harp cry of pain. \Veath er: fine and dr\,. K 0 othe r h elp a llowed. Time limit 6 minutes .

By EUGENE E . 'VILLI

-+ 5 2 -+ 2 3

N.B.-Here patient gi'ves a screalll and has a JJll'ld epilejfic

fif.

Immediate protection of tong ue with gag 1.- ndo collar and protect head ,.. ~l et hod of restraining right lower limb only

N, B. -Judge will indicate wizen fit is over. Remove gag and support head on rolled-up coat Face on one side-warmth to body Splints and bandages for Fractured Fibula Ensuring that fracture still s im pie (yes) ... Report to doctor: offer further a id General promptness and efficiency N. B. -As test fi n ishes, a doctor passes and takes charge of case.

3 -+ 6 2 2 -+

S. Card 0./ Instruction,

BEARER

TO.

Describe the fun ctions of the human body.

Time limit

3 minutes.

Body requires fuel and repair materia l ." Fuel is obtained from fats (cream: butter) And tarche, such as bread, vegetab les , . , "Vaste is replaced by nitrogenous food Such as meat, beans and cheese Food digested in mouth, s tomach, bowels And changed for easy absorptio n by blood Oxygen also is necessary to support life.,. And obtained from air durin g respiration To be absorbed in right and left lungs \i\Taste products are removed from body " . Through skin, lungs, kidneys, bowels Blood is the great carrier and conveys ourishment and oxygen to the body From the organs of digestion and lungs And waste products to the excelory orga ns All movements and functions of body are... R egulated and controlled by nerves Called Cerebrospinal a nd Sympathetic T

3 2 2 3 3 4

2 2

2 2 2 -+ 2 2 2

2 2

Mr. F, v\Tesley, secretary L oughbor ou gh L.l\J, S. Amublance Centre has resigned on his removal to S outh vVigston. He formed the class in 1926 a nd was also the instructor, and helped the st ud ents to Will the cha mpion s hip of the 2nd Division, L e icester Railway Corps. His former coll eagues, to show their appreciation , made him a presen tation on Septem ber 7th.

When you write to any of our Advertisers kindly mention FIRST AID . It closen't cost you anything and it pleases the Advertisers, and Us

cptem ber, 1932.

Superstition and the Treatment of the Ioj ured.

2 3

H a ten to patient; tactfu l words ympathetic inquiry a to rain (rigid allkle) Firm warning- to kepp still Explain that you are fir t a id e rs ." Careful inquiry if pain anywhere el e (no) One bearer carefully stead ies right leg Other examines right thigh, knee-cap a nd leg DiscO\'ers presence of Fractured Fibula No\\' undo haversack and prepare plints, ctc.

A I D.

J.D.

't(~!lPll,J'st'ct'all, Ft'rst . 1111 a/ld L~/e-Sm.'t'Il.~'. (l7'ic(', _liller/call Red Cross,

NIN E times out of tcn, persons 11rst on thc scene of an accident do th~ wrong thing [o r the victim . Very often they act on imr ul ses foundcd in mi sinformation and worse . Thcy r call th o ld aws and wise sayings handed down through generation , and act accordingly. All o f us cling to superstitions that have their roots in practi c during ages now regarded as dark in [ecd . \Vho, for instance does not think of \\ hisky as a n an tidote for snake-bite? \ \ Tho doe n't remcm bcr that old advice to apply thc flesh f a freshly-kill [ chicken to the sna ke-bite to "draw the pion out"? The misinformation of the credu lous ha ' a marvelous tenacity-and evcrywhcr to-day onc finds it opposed to science which has carcfully arri ved at conclusions throu O'h practicc and in laboratory research in relation to th tr atment of the human body. Not so lon g ago it was crenera lly bclicved that the cure for frost-bite was to rub thc affected part with snow. It was th experi nce of Byrd' Antartic exped ition, however, that this was positi ve ly the worst mcthod. nd their v rdi t may be accepted as authoritative. 1m pulsc again manifests itself when people untrained in firt aid procedure immediatcly raise an inj ured person to a sitting posture or stand him on his fect, \\ hich in certain types of injury may r su it in death orat least complicate th e injuries . In any ca c, a person badly hurt frequently faints wh en rai 'ed from a prone position, with the bcst intenti ons of a good Samaritan. The meticulou s care in guard in g acrain t infection in delicate and intricate op rati ons of modern surgery is, as everyone knows, due to the discovery by Pasteu r that infections are can-ied by germs. No operation is now more common than that for appendicitis, yet when the first o pcration of this kind was p e rformed it was hai led over the world (a nd ri g htl y so) as a medical t r iumph of epochal importance . Before the development of antiseptic and aseptic methods surgeo ns did not dare to do much more than amputate, for they were in deadly [ear of infection and gangrene. Modcrn surgery, therefore, is based on keepin g the wound absolutely clean. Yet people who should know better cling to such superstitions as puttin g soiled and germ-i nfected matter onto fresh wou nds a s spider webs, cuds of tobacco, or soot. Or they put raw oys ters, salt pork or boiled onions on infected wounds to " .get the poison out," as they

Septcm hcr, 1932. ~ay.

FIRST

\,Vho Ius not Iward that pulling into a dogbi tc thc hai r ol thc v icioLls an i mal is bou nd to ward olT lockjuw? The results of such treatment is i 11 [ccliol1, scplicem ia, or tetan us. TO onc has donc morc to dis[Jcl superstitio Tl and m isi n formation in the emergency trcatment of fresh \\ ou nds than the i nclustrial su rgcon. Th is is a branch of the medical profession \\'hich has gTOWIl uI practically \\ ithin the last 20 years . Formerly, \\'hcll ac idents oc urred, general practitioners wcre called [rom outsid~ thc plant, and of tell they \\ ere mcn \\ ho had littlc cxperience in dcal i n 0' \ \ i til cmcrgcncics. Industrial surgcons de\'ole thcir time to lIncrg 11 y casc'); thcy obscn'c the rcsults of \..:)"perill1enb amI pass 011 thei r observations to cach olher. \\ Tllcr~ in other times infections \\ erc common after emergen y trcatmcn t they are 110\\ rare. Even industrial surgeons arc specialists. In one plant they arc called upon constantly to trcat hcmical bu rns; their \\ 01 kin anothcr plant may frequently he with gas poisoning; in stil: another it i<; treating open wounds, in another the frequent ca')c.', rna\' be of fractur ''). The data thc donor!'> ha\ e colkctc I has materially modificd c'>tabli I!l..:d emergency trcatm nts, l)[lcn fundamentally. .\ nd these specialists arc constantly on he I ath of prl'grC.,5. . First aid, a<., taught by thc Red Cro~,> in Jargl; il1llu'.ltrial planl', police and fire departmenb, 11l1I11C~, schools and gencral cla~.,cs, atlempts nothing mol'\..: than to lay do\\ n simple rules fer dea ling wilh the injured until medical hclp arri\ es. I~ut .,ometillll..:s it i", nee led in isolatcd placcs, perh~lrS in SIX'll', \\here no doctors are availahle at all; but e\'cn ill .,uch instance fi.rst aid ..-,(loe no further 'han t) st p hleeding, keep wounds lean, treat for hock, or to appl \' sl'Ji n ts when neccssary to tran _ lort a rerson s-ufferi ng flom broken [Jones . If )e(1 Cross firsl aid does no thing more than to )n~ak do\\ n the \\cird methods of sup rstitious lCrsons who cl ing to thc ou tworn practiccs we have refcrred to, it descrves the praise and support of tll people of intclligence. nder thc head of superstition \\'C ha\'e mentioned the old and uttcrly futilc "remedy" of using l frcshly-killed chickcn to bind upon a snakc'bite , · \\ Illch .d oes absolutcly nothing toward climinating lhe pOlson or counteracting its cUe t. It is of no morc scrvi e to thc victim than thc \\'carin 0' of hrass rings in thc cars as a cure for rheumatis~l ~ti ll a respected belief among some o ld people. The usc of whiskey in some sllch emcro'encies is also somet hing of a supcrstition, which l~ay be classed as mis inform ation a lon g with the app lication of am monia and permanganatc of pot:lsh to thc h~tcs . The careful and sc icnt ific tudy of snake bites over a lon g period of cxperimcntation by such a u thorities as Dr. Dudley Jackso n, of Sa~l Anto nio, Texas, has shown that these classic

A I D.

remed ies are worthless . A study of cases of rattlesnake bites has sho\Vn that on ly about 15 per cent. arc fatal without any treatment at a ll. If the se rpen t's fangs have penetrated a vein, death is certain within a few minutes; otherwise, the only thing to do is to place a tight bandage between the wound and the heart, cut across the fang marks ancl suck out the blood and poison as soon as possi ble. The seru ms so far developed are at best only an aid and are not a substitute for cutting off thc flow of blood and sucking out the poison-and this poison would not hurt a person if swallowed.

(To be concluded.) ------ .--.------

The Position in regard to Schafer's Artificial Respiration. * I: the l lges/?!'ijt for Lceger (D octors' \Veekly) ~ o. 19 1 193.2, IS an article by the lecturer E. von IIolstei n-Rathlou under the above title, an excerpt of which has been sent us. In examinincr the drawings in the" Guide to chafer's Artificial Respiration' which, as is known, is publishcd as joint rules for the Danish Red Cross and the Danish Swimming and Life Savi ng Association, and approved by the Board of lIeallh, and in comparing these dra\vings with photographs taken from practical exercises, it will frcquently be noted that there is a striking discrepancy between drawing and photograph, se\'eral of th.e photog,raph shO\ying the knee of the helper conslclerabl}T further back in relation to the patient than ShO\nl in thc drawing . On e might therefore be tern pted to bel ieve that the exercise had been wrongly performed, but if an dttempt is made in practice to correct the position, it will always be foulld that the respiration is less effective if a position is taken either further forward or backward so t.h~t it must be as umed that the photographi~ posItIon must be the correct one, in spite of the obvious discrepancy. These considerations led the writer to endcavour to find thc correct position with the help of purely geometric construction, and the concl usion from these investio'at ions, which are described in detail and illustrated in the article, is that the 12lacin.g of th.e helper's knees cannot in any way be fixed 111 relatIon to the patient's hip or knees the djffercn~e in height between the height of h~Iper and patient being of decisive importance. Thc wri ter has te ted the correctnesss of the various computations, inter al ia by performinO' art ificial respiration on a pair of dec imal scales, th~ plate of which was of th ame height as the patient's lo in. By means of thesc \'ari~us experiments and calculations, thc writer is of the opinion

* Extract from the periodical Ol-gan of the Dani h R ed Cross).

aJJlari/1'1i (the

allic ial

F 1 ,R S T

that he has explained the dis repancy between photographs and drawings, and according to this it will be necessary, provided the correctness of the statements con tained in the article is acknowledged, to correct the requirement in the rules of th Guide relati ve to the placing of the knees when performing the Schafer treatment in the right manner, so that, inter alia, clause 5 of the Guidc should be revised as follows ; " Kneel astride the patient and with arms outstretched and in a vertical position and fingers widely extended, place your hands on his back so that the little fingers rest on the lowermost ribs, whilst the thumbs point obliquely up,vards towards the spine. Try in this initial position to find a placing for your knees so that your back is quite straight and your arms are in a vertical position with your shoulders vertically over the place of pressure on the patient's back. Let your knees remain in the position so found whilst the subsequent work IS being performed." The writer has, in connection with these theories, also examined the German form for performing the Schafer treatment, which shows the method performed with arms considerably bent, and the ,niter has again shown thereby, that the pressure obtained in this manner is very materially reduced, apart from the fact that there is considerable weight lifting, which makes the method unnecessarily tiring.

3lractical ~oints. The Editor invites Note; on actual Cases-wilh special reference to go ;d and bad points in Treatment-fo r inclusion 'n this Column.

T""JCE RCN O'"ER BY CAR. A curious accident 'which I have not seen recorded in FIRST .-\m, occurred some months ago. A man, aged 60, while passing a garage was knocked down by a car which was backing out and passed over his legs. Hearing a shout and thinking he was being recalled, the chauffeur, ignorant of what had occurred, drove back into the garage and again ran over the man 'w ho \yas severely injured. He was removed to hospital and only reco\'ered after a long and protracted illness. -B. C. (Gainsby). KILLED BY HIS CAP. How trifling may be the cause of an accident was well illustrated lately in our neighbourhood by the following case. A man, aged 31, 'w as riding a motor-cycle on the Londonroad, Horl~y, when his cap dropped over his eyes . The machine dashed into a wagon and the unfortunate man was badly injured, sustaining head and . bdominal injuries and dying later from peritonitis.-M. B . (Harley). DELAYED Al':D FATAL EFFECTS OF SUOCK. The Textbook (p. 13) tells us that a cause may have more than one effect and that the effect may be direct or indirect. These warnings were exemplined recently in a double tragcdy which occurred on the railway at Aberdeen . A shunter having passed accidentally in front of the engine of a passenger train proceeding up to Ballater, was instantly killed. After some delay the train proceeded on its way, but at the first stop, half a mile away, the driver of the train fainted on the footboard and died from heart failure causcd by thc shock of the occurrcncc.-M.A. (Aberdeen)

A 1 O.

eptem ber, 1932.

fetters

the

We a re in no way responsible for the opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondents. - EU1TOR.

HISTORY OF DE,\R

.\~D

A • OCIATIO

BRIG.:\DE.

IR,-

I would like to express my great pleasure in readingthe" History of the .J.A.A." it copy of which I was fortunate in obtaining- in a recent competition. It is a wonderful compilation of really interesting and historical facts, material and data; and one can clearl~ folkH\' the :'Iloyement from it inception. These pro\ idc ample c\'idence of great pain -taking patience allocakd to the g,lthering in of the ambulance man's han'est, and rellect the grL'ate ... t credit on Dr. Corbet Fletch r, it author. 1 ha\'~ Ill) he ... itation in recommending- this "Histor)" to e\er)' .\mbulance man, aye, and to e\'ery Ambulance sisler too, since both branches arc dealt with al ikc.-Yours sincerel\,.

\\'. L. .\ "ll:\10 RE.

15, Fenton Drive, Bulwell Hall, Bul",ell. ~ DEAR

PARADE.

IR,-

Capt. \"hite Knox's letter, though to hl~ admirL' d ,IS a wholehearted, if ome\\ hat \ehement defence L)f hi ... men, i... based upon a gro S mi take on his part. lIe di~ not re.lJ my letter \'ery carefully, or he would nc\er h.t\e Jumped tl) the qude wrollcr conclusion that it w:t :\'orthern .hea that was referred to. In fairness to lzilll, and IIIl, may 1 cra\L' ynur courte 'y to say: (1) The Parade referred to was 1101 a Di~tricl Parade, and so Capt. \Vhite Kno'\.' reference to ":\'0. 1 Battalinn" is pointless. This mistake is due to C'arelcs~ reading of the letter, which spoke, not of "a Battalion on thL' ri~ht," hut of "a group of officer fallen in a ' a separate bod) on the right of the Parade." (2) It ,vas !lot a .\'orl/zcrn .1 rea Parade alld III dlt, r Ilu: Comlllander nor an)' o//ler ralll<s 0/ .Vorlllcrn .1 rea 7(1t?/} present. (3) The letter made no referencc to the "conceit" of the rank andjile in their" appearance and \\'ork" only to the conceit of ~lJlcers who were lIIol.i1lK alld lalkilll{ \\'hUl the Parade was at "Attention." These were not :'\orthern .:\rea officers, since no orth('rn Area people were prescnt. .: \n),way, the rank :lnd nle were good; j( wa only this corps d6lite that were spoken of. So-Korthern Area have defended themselves viciously against a wholly imaginary aUack- a fine display of tru~ "shadow boxing." They ha\'e taken a justifiable criticism of someone else unto themselves-note, a justillablc criticism, not "vituperation" as the officer 0 indignantly and so exaggeratedly calls it. The officer, though mistaken, is to be com mended for so gallantly defending his command: "My country, right Or wrong," is his grand old die-hard motto. But why descend to sneers at the Legion of Frontiersmen, a body of old soldiers and old Colonials, who have always been most friend ly to the Sl. John's Brigade? AnJ why the rnachinelike accusation of lack of gentlemanliness? Sneers, mark you, not a reasoned criticism . And it is no argument to say "You're criticising someone: We think you mean us : How dare you? Yah! You're no gentleman, anyway!" May I add that I regret infinitely if I have offended this Area or its C. 0., but let them read my letter again, and they will see that they are not the people l'e/erred to. P lease publish this: It is due both to the "offender" (myself) and to those very sensitive, who imagine, q uite wrongly, that it is they who have been offended against.

September, 193 2.

FIRST

But surely a criticism, howcve)" frank, nccd not call forth uch a \ery hcated reply e rccially if based on false conclusion,> ? An accusation of being no gentleman is ~ill). Contnwersy, e\'en (and this is no controversy), can bc definite and hard hiUing, bul Heayen help the people who l'ik only praise in this world, they will get their share of blame in the next. The sundial 'lays "I record only unny hours." urely the Sl. J ohl1''i Brigade is too "big" an organisation to say , I Gi\c me hone)cd \\'ol"ds or none"? Lastly, <,incc really \\ ell thought out praise, or blame, h urt no one wl1\ talk ot "camouflage" and" apparent a dmiration"? Tl;is accusalion, or lack of sincerity, is not m<1.nh. 1 rep('at- I and Ill;' pre cnt "crush," the Frontier men haH' the greatest admiration for thc Brigade and its \\'l)rk. Your", ('te.,

I' C .\~])ID FRIE:\O." D E.\R SIR,

The lL'ltcr from" .\ Candid FI"iend" in your July i ue 11 :1 __ clrtainly <,ct it... readers thinking. Personally, I was (klightcd with it and "'ol11cwha' surpri cd to find in la, t Ilwnlh'" Fll{Sr .\11), a klta of criticism (although p rhap it was l)nly natural "Lcing that the \Hiter felt that the pistol \\'a ... being poilltld ,It him), IIo\\'~\' er, much \\'01'1.. remains to be done with reg~rd " the qualificaticlIl ... held b.) a 111:l1l becon1ing an Officer or " L·.O. \s all ,)ld Brig'lde member I could relatc many nstilllCL'" l,f the man in the rank , ha\'ing a good laugh at l) I11C (If the drill U) l)rder<, givcn b) both OlTicer and 1\'.C.O. Thi ... could never IX', if l)nly those in high place \\"ould in ... i ... t 011 Brigade Regulatil)ns being adhered to and a tricter xal11illatil)1l heing g-i\'lll t,) the a<,piring candidate. To my m ind, the eX<lminatil)n is ju'>t a tn,lller of form, for how can a man be pn)perlr l'x:1lllinl'c! if his examiner" almo~t as often g i\ l'" it \\'ron~ l)f'der as it right one. l)ne would likL' to sec )fTiccr'i and ~.C.O.'s gi\'en an a nnu,tl re-examination in drill (including saluting) a \yell as in f1r ... t aid. ~[enti('ln of saluting- makes me ask, I' \\That \\'ould a L\)lllmi ...... ioncr or an .\ ... sistant ol11niissioner sa) if he saw :t n OfTiccr or '..;.CO. salute (\\"ith the hand) while bareh cad'c1?" I ha\'e ,",cen it, and ex-army 1\'.C.O.' ha\'e oftti mL's had to smother amilc. Things like the e (and thcre are others) t nd to keep many likc ly men oul of the Brig-aclc. Ha\'ing had military training they can hardly " ce Lhel11"eln~s playing at oldiers. I am no ad\'ocate fOI" the military spirit to dominate, ') uL efliciencyand proflcicnc} Illust be maintained, or the Ii cirline of the Brigade will c\'entually become a butt for the jokes of the cynic.-Yours faithfully, " SPLINTS." THE Al\1BUL\NCE 1\1.\l ON PUBLIC DUTY. SIR, At the risk of trespassing too much on your valuable , pace-I cannot allow Capt. Bendix to get away \\'ith it. lIe scems to be less concerned with understanding and rrilicising- the article than with making some kind of veiled ? llack on someone or some people unspecined. All who know Captain Bendix love h im: but he has he re definitely set out to hurt-must not mind, therefore, if people are frank in their replies. (1). He describes himself as a militarist-this is as humourous as it is unfortunate-but it is unfair in one way, a s it might be construed a.s a hint that I regard myself as a " man of blood and iron "-which is funnier still ! (2) . It was ne71er suggested that the R. A. M . C. detail for evacuation of casualities should be adopted by the Brigade. It was merely mentioned as an example of the need for some sort of metlwd-and a plea for the guidance of some teaching () n the subject of some schemes suitable Jor ct'v/l COltddio17S. DEAR

A I D.

To an intclligent reader of the article, the meaning was crystal -clear. (3). He says' I , \ skeleton scheme could not overcome difficulties orig-inated by unforeseen c\"(:!ntualities." Gnabashed by the mag-nificence of this polysyllabic dictum, I reply ":\'onsense. That is E::xactly what a skelt!ton scheme can do. A skeleton is a framework which is movable and hence adaptable, in posture and po ition, 10 'varying and quick!;, c1wnging circumstances-not fixed, set and immobile." (-+). He ug~ests that lack of obedience, 1llljllnctllalit,y and absence are to blame for debacles. urel), this is no news: it has been proved many times, and even \\'ritten about in articles! But this is not the fault always of the Commanded but ol11ctime of the Commander. The rank and file depe'nd for so much of their coherence upon their welding. (5). Hi la t paragraph are sou\lding brass and tinkling cymbals: and may be understood in many ways or no \\"ays. Incidentally, can a result spell anythll1g? At the yerr end he says Example is better than precept." Has he ~lI1Y reason for writing this? If SO-\\ ill he explain i.t? Forgi\'c me, ir, for using your space, but Capt. BendiX, for whom I ha\'e great personal admiration (especially for his capabilities on competition work) and personal liking, will realise that his letter \ya no real crihcisl1l at all, but a di jointed, if simple, uninformed and uninstructi\'ejeer at an honest attempt to express an honest opinion. I \\'onder what mO\'ed him to write it.-Yoursfaithfully, N OR~[A:-.r H . Ul~lER. I'

CRITICIS~1. DEAR SlR,-

I notice, with some deg-ree of satisfaction, that the letter igned by Norman Hammer, in your issue for August 1932, is wedged between t \\"0 letter from old and tru twortl1\' campaigner. As is so often the ca e, youth and inexperience step in, where ang-els fear to tread. TheTerritorial.-\rm\"in peace-time should be an excellent medium for the teaching of military methods, drill and discipline, but efficiency in first aid, loyalty, obedience and tact are to my mind far more important to the intere ts of the t. John Ambulance Brig-ade. \ \'hy not lea\'e the criticism of the important parade in the expe~ienced hand of the Inspecting Officer and of the Commanding Officer? \Vere they sati fled? L t me anal), e the statement that "thc newly joined private has to qualify for entry by attending a cour e of in truction and further, has to re-qualify each year." Qualify and re-qualify in what? In FIR T AID, and this also applies to the superintendents, officers, sergeant and corporals who, in addition, must pass a te t in Part 1 of the Official 1anual of Drill and Camping, a "iva-voce examination on the Brigade General Regulations, and sati fy the examining officer that they are qualified to gi\'e instruction and are suitable in other respects. If Captain Hammer is criticising hi colleague on the taff, or dares to extend his criticism to the Superior Officer, then I have nothing more to say upon the que tion of tact and loyalty, but I disclaim most emphaLically, that the St. J ohn Ambulan~e Brigade is "satisned with any material for its officers and surgeons," although perhaps, there may be exceptions. The wonderful work performed by the Brigade is sufficient testimony to the excellence of its org-ani ation. Frequent public critici m by any officer is unlikely to assist in maintaining that admiration of ,,,hich the majority of us are so justly proud.-Yours faithfully, \V. GOODLEY, Captain, Public Duty Officer. Assistant Commissioner, No.1 District, S.J.A.B,

FIR S T

Reviews. TIlE CEi\'TEN,\RY OF THE ORDER OF Lonuon :

t. J Oh11'5 Gale,

1'. lOll\.',

E. C. 1.

Pr/Cl' I - josfji'Ct'.

The entenary Book, " ' hieh has just h('cn puhlishC'd, i<; a handsome production and worthy of th~ Celehrat ions t1f which it giYe. a permanent record. Pl'i nt 'd on good paper, it contains in its 73 pages no Ie than 20splendid photographs which depict for us the upreme Heads of the Order and illll trate the \'ariou e\'ents of the CentenarY "'~ek. The Book open with a foreword by tl{c ub-Prior and then proceed in Part 1. to deal \"ith the con ccutiye day in Centenary \\'eek. The record of each day clead\' com s from a eparate pen, _ ince, apart frol11 the (ore \\'l) I'd , all the articles are lin ig-ned. Readers, therefore, call e::--:ercisc lheir ingenuity in trying La place the Y(\riou') '\uthors. Part II. detail thc imprc sions of our \'isitors at nl.riou unoOlcial function, such as tIlE' R eceptio n in the Royal Gallen', House of Lords. Finalh', the Book ends wiLh 2 Appendices, the first of \yhi ch ~f\'es a list of the Omcin! R pre entati\'es of the .-\ sociation and Brigade and, the econd, a Ii t of Lho e pre ent at the Banquet. Copies can be obtained, bound in kid \'ellum, at 7 6, Or, in cloth, at 1 - (both post free), from 1. lohn's Gate; and we can imagine no better or more elegant manual which hould flnd its place among the treasured hooks of all interested in the " 'ork of the Order, the\ssociation and the Brigade.

HO:\IE :\CRSIN"G. The Authori<;ecl T e::--:tbook of the St. John .\mhlllance .\ ssociatio n. London:

A I D.

Septelll bef, 1932.

Tnde,,- l)f thl' hook by curious coincidence closes, like il'i prcdl'cl'sSOI-, at pagl' 272. TIll' diagrams ha\l' hCl'n carefully l,\.;tl11il1l' d al1d in many instancl's 1IIH.krgonl' :titl'ration. PcrSt)'J,til) wc prdcr, ",hl'n applying t he Capeline bandagl" ttl llse a smalll'r handage it)r the Iwrizl)ntal turns; but cl\ual-:-.izl'cl handagc . . an: quit orthodox, \\Te cl)uld, hO\H'H r, wi . . ], that the "\Il'tlwus of ,\pplication" (p" 25) had cillphasi""l'tl the nl'cl'ssit y for hanclag"in~" joints in thl'ir tlnal positil1i1. l)nI~ ttll) oftcn in c,al1lination clo wc find thaI candidates h<lndagl' till' clhow joint \\'ith the lIppCl' limh 1',tl'l1C.ku :lIld llll'n Iwnd tlw limh at the ('Iho\\ for support in :trill !-.Iin!~, "Iwrv:\", tl1l' lin :t\ position being fll'xion, tIll'\' should til':\, the limh hdoi'l' CIlIllIlll'ncing to handage till' jt)inl. i\ ..,illlil,lr critit ism applics tn thc knee joint \\'hen patient is gl)ing I) \\alk 11ll1lll' with it hancla~"cd knec, Th c chaplL'r on " I ~:\.ternal :\pplicalinns" Ct)\L'r" a \\ ilk rang"c anu i.., full of insL'parahk' ektails ; hut tlH'dillicultie,-> hayc hccn ck\crl) surlllollntL'u and Ct)ntillllit.' h;ls hl'L'1l pn:!-.('rYcd h.\ introducing" at tIll' outset of thL' chaplL'r, 011 pagl' 15+, a cOI11pnl1l'l1..,iH' sUlllmary which will PI\1\'l' Il1thL lhl'flll to all keen studcnt" Lastly, the Rc\ i. . iol1 \)l11lllittl'e ha\'l' cO lllpiL-lI'd a gnod piece of work hy puhlishing thL' rL'\ is,-d 'c'dititll1 llf till' ;\'ursing Tl'xthnok in Junl'; :Lnd thus they ha\'e !-.hll\\'n clll1..,idLl,ltion for lecturers allll studlllh alikl', "int'l~ 111l'-.c' will ha\'l' ;1 period of si, 1110nth<; in which thL'\' Illa\' llla..,tl'l' tIll' dl'lail" llf till' hnl)k heforL' it hccolll\.'" C()l1lpll"l,-)l)r}: fll(' ;11 1 vxaillinatil)n..,.

FIR S T

Septcm ber, 1932,

Our Nurses COMPILED

AMBULANCE ;:)

• o. J)ISTHI('T, S.]..\. B. The f()llowing- autumn CO llrw.., ()f lecturcs for \\ oml'n in First .\id and 1 [olne Nursing are alrca~.\ anllounced : L)I~II<I ''I

IIEAI1I]l . \Inl"~"'. Dr. N. Corbet Flctchcr, i.., g-i\ ing a course of lectures in llol1ll' ~ursillg on Thursda} c\enings at 6.45 p.m" COIll1l1L'llcing 6th Oltoher, Fce for the cour.,e i.., 3 6, including l'xamination. .\pplication" for enrolmcnt should be made to Lad\ I)istlict OfTicer ;\fi..,s \V.tlkcr, 11, Acol-road, I I.Ull p ... tt:ad , ~. \\'.b. .\"'<; i"tant-~un':'L'o n-in-Chid,

~(), 21 ( 'In) ~ l RSI:-':(, DI\ ISIO:-i. ,\ course of lectures in Fir..,t .\id Cl1lllll-cnce.., nn Thursday, 15th September, at 1l.30 p.m., at the Di\isi0nal IIeadquarters, \\'inchester I (1)U:-'L', Old Broau-..,tr 'ct, London, E.l'. The lecturcr \\"ill Iw J)r. Bcnui" FurtilL' r particulars can bl' obtained of the r_au) [)i\ I. ~llpl" \1 i" . . Robin..,l1n, 7C), Elgin-road, e\"en l,il1g"', l~sSL"\.

On Frid'l,' c\(~ning, 30th ep(clllber, p, rll., a lllllr .... l of I 'cl urcs in First .\id will commence at rll\llbl.:c Hall, Ctll11l1lcrrial-stn::et, London, 1~.1., the fee for wh-k h \\ ill he 3 (). Dr. II. IIannisson \\ ill he the !ectur r.

Tn, "nI'" I 1.\LI ..

,II "

J\mbulance j'( ews euttings from the ~ es s . The Editor invites P-.eade.s lo send newspaper cUllings on l1laltl:r of general interes t for inel usion in I his cnl un. n.

~ll. (jl) :\l R'il:-\(, ( 'Ol"l lll" w-.:),

DI\·IS Il)\,

Ol'TIIER:-':

R ,\IL\\',\y

ORPS

has arranged for classes in Firsl_\id and Home

·lIr.,illg" to Ill' hl.:ld at IIither Glc~n :lation or. \\'edne day at 7.30 p.lll. The tirsl ketLlr~ \\'ill be gi\'cn on 12th Udobl'r. Particulars \\ ill he sent to a\l who are intL'le!-.ll'u h) the Lad} Di\ 1. upl., .\1 i.,s '. ,\. Pearcl', 7, "\Ipha-road, :\ c\\ CI"l)s<;, S" E. H . l\l nin~ . .

t. John's Gate, E. C.1.

Price IS. 6d. The comrilation of a textbook by a comm ittee of experts is open to two g-reat dan~ ers-to wit, lack of continuity and presence of inconsistencies, both of \\'hich wer present in the previous re\'i ion of the Home ~ur sing Textbook. It is, therefore, all the more pleasing to find that these ha\'e been ayoided in this the 4th re\'ision, though we do note a " printer's error" in the diagram of the c linica l thermometer on page 86. In brief, the Revision Committee ha\'e earned our cordial congratulation on the s uccess which bas attended their labours and al 0 our best thanks. For the first time we ha\'e a l\'ursing' Textbook complete in a ll details and based on a definite sc heme. It is co mplet e in detail because we flnd in it a Table of Contents, a List of Illustrations, an excellent Index and an interest ing Introduction replete with historical facts. Indeed, the only main fact omitted is that mere man \vas not permitted to take the "0;'ursing- Course of the .\ssociation until about 1894. Cntil this date the l\urs ing Course was the proud prerogati\'e of the ladies; and we see the persistence of thi$ idea in the continued demand for both first aid and nursing- certifleates for member hip of Nursing Divisions of the Brigade. The scheme of the Tcxtbook is definite because the Re\'ision Committee at last has given us an exact definiti on of "Home lIrsing" and has based its contents strictly in accordance with that dellnition. There is , therefore, now no chapter on " The Fee ding of Infants" for the s imple reason that the care of a healthly infant is beyond the scope ef Home Nursing, Conc:equent also on this scheme the number of cbapt..-rs haS ..,een increased frolll 13 to 18 : but the

.\t an inquest at Burgess Ilill on a scil'nn'dl'n1tlnstrator, it \\ as stated that he \\'as in the hahit l)f c,\rrying in hi . . pocketc; tahlet<; of Pcrchlol idl' ()f ,\Ier cliry Itlr di:-.illfl'ctillg p lIrpl)SeS, and al"0 other tablet.., for curing Iwat\;tcl1l's" Th· mistake h e s\"allo\\ ed a l\lercun" tabkt ill"tl'ad tlf a III ;Ic.fache tablet. Dat'(J' iJla/l. -

.\U1HIDI'\·, l)I\' I:-'Jl)N, ,J .. \. [3., LOSES ,\ Coon FRIEND.The local J)i\ i"itln of thl' '.J .. \. B. has lost a good fricnd and a kt' l'n hL'lpl~ r in thL' death of :\ [ rs, II. A. Cooke', wido\\' tIl ])1', C(lokL" of ,\Idriclgl', which took place L1. t month.

A I D.

•

Pages. SISTER.

She was buried on Frida\', 19th Aug-ust, at Brewoou Parish Church, six members of -thc Brigade carrying- her coffin to its lR.st re ting- place. Among t he numerous wreaths was one frol11 the t\ldridge Division, and one from ex-servicemen "for services rendered to th~m during and after the war." Both of these noral tributes te tified to the esteem in which the dead lady was held by those who had suffered and those who had sulTered and those who were doing their best to alleviate suffering, among- whom she was a great worker and a faithful friend. BANBURY 1 URSING Dn' ISION, S.J.A.B.-On a Sunday morning last month, the members of the Di\'ision, under the command of Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Gardiner Hill and Nur ing Officer ,\ Ir , G. Barrett, proceeded by 'bus to Cotefield. Here they \\'ere joined by the men's Di\' i ion, who had marched frol11 Banbury, and took part in the proce ion into Adderbury, where they attended morning sen'ice at t. l\lary's Church. ,\fter service, thc Division was inspected on the village green by Dr. Audland, the County Commissioner, following which the members were entertair!ed to refreshments at the Red Lion Inn by Col. orris before returning home. l\ l A 'eIIE TER TURSI1':G DI\ " [SIO~, S,lA. B.-.'\lr . Dyson, Lady Supt. of thi ' Di\'i ion, has recently been il1\"e ted a a erving Sister of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in recognition of her \'aluable service to Lhe Brigade in ~ I anchester. To celebrate the event, and also that of the in\'estiture of the Supt. of the men' Divisi n, 1\1r. A. G. Birkhead, as a erving Brother of the Order, a o.: ial e\'ening wa held at t. George's School Hall, Ioston. During the C\' ning, Col. C. H . S. Redmond, he

D EXrJ' F'W~I POKER \\'tll':-': I). .\n extraordinary fatality \\'as described <1t a Clcd.:en\\'cll i';~lue,st on a child aged 2~, SO n of a wood caner li\ing at

I. . . II1g- s Cross. It \\"as stated that the c hild was playing" at soldiers, and carrying" 011 his shoulder a poker to represe nt a gun. He fell, and the sharp end of the Jloker pen ctrated hi necJ.: cau<;ing- a \yound 1~ in c hes dl'cp. He was taken to hospital: where he di ed tile follo\\'ing day. - ,\-l'7l'S CltrOIl/de

ACCIDENTAL SUFFOCJ\TION. . ~he suclcl~n illness of a number of people at a ""hi t drl\"C 111 a publiC hall was the subject of careful investig-ation by the local authorities. ' An official of the Public Health Department stated that the fR.intness ·w as callsed through the atmosphere in the hall becoming i':lpregnated with Carbon Dioxide gas as a result of all the WIndows and ventilators having been closed and the raJiators ~un:ed full on. The hall ""as perfectly cquipp d so far as \"entilatlOn was concerned, and no blame whatever attached to the owner,-E7'en/ng"lVt:'7C!s.

By courtesy]

[Wig-an Obsel ver. T h e Hind ley G ir l Cadet D ivis ion.

FIRST

District Officer, presented both Supts. with go ld watch es . That to Irs. Dy on was the gift of the members of the ursing Di\'ision a a mark of their affection and plea u re at the honour conferred upon their Lady Supt. Col. Red mond poke of the good work Ir . Dyso n had done in the Di\'ision ince she joined it O\'er 20 years ago. Then its trength was 5 members; to-day it was 45, the figures themseh'e bearing " ' itness to the enlcienc), of the Lady Supt. and the unceasing efforts she had made during the period of her officership. SETTLE NURSING DIVISIO , S. J. A.B. - The Lady S u pt., Irs. S. A. Batty, has receiyed recognition of her plendid work in the interests of the Brigade. She has been notified that His Majesty the King, the So\'ereign Head of the Grand Priory in the British Realm of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. J ohn of Jerusalem, has been graciously pleased to sanction her admission as a Serving Sister of the Order of St. John as from July 22nd, 1932. ~Irs . Batty has been an indefatigable worker ever since she became interested in the Order of St. J ohn and the work of the Brigade in 1905, through the influence of the late Dr. F. E . Atkin on, I edical Officer of Henlth for the Craven Combined Sanitary Di tricts. In that and the follo 'w ing year, she took certificates in first aid, home n u rsing and home hygiene, under the \ Vest Riding County Council at Langcliffe. She joined the Settle Nursing Division in 1912, and seryed in the capacity of secretary, treasurer and storekeeper, until in 1917 she became the Lady Divisional Superintendent, which position she st.ill occupies . She was awarded the service medal for 15 years' efficient service in 1926. From 1919 to the present yea r , Mrs. Batty has organised classes in first aid and home nursing, and has assisted the Divisional Surgeon, Dr. A. LovegrO\'e, thereat. She has also instructed and examined Range r and Girl Guides of Settle, Langcliffe, Stainforth and Ingleton. in both of these subjects, and has lectured on them, too, to the women's institutes. During the last war, Mrs. Batty did voluntary wa r work at home, for \vhich she received the Volu n t~ry War Service Iedal and Queen 1ary's Teedlework Gu il d Medal. In order to raise funds for a new ambulance room and to meet the cost of decorating it and install ing a new heating apparatus, 1rs. Batty organized a bazaar which was a great success. In 1931, chiefly due to her exertions, the funds of the Tursing Division were put on a sound financial basis, and new and modern equipmen,t was purchased for the use of the Division, and new indoor u niforms provided for thE: members. Mrs. Batty also assisted in raising mo ney for the Settle and District Motor Ambu la nce, and has accompanied it with patients, both night a nd d ay, w h e n required. Besides her work in t h e Brigad e, M r s . Batty is interested in other charitable organisations. S h e is H on ora r y Superintendent of the Settle and District Welfa re Centres at Settle, Hellifield and H orton-in -R ibblesd a le, aed has assisted the District urse in the work of the parish. For the past twelve years she had also been Secreta ry of t h e Settle a nd District Nursing Associatio n . The honour now con ferred upo n this la dy has been well earned, and when she goes to L ond on on November 18th t o be invested as a Serving S ister of the Ord er , s h e will carry with her the good wishes of ma ny in th e d istri ct w h er e s he lives and works. Mrs. Batty is the second la dy of the C raven Distri ct t o be admitted to the O rd er recently, L a d y Div!. Su pt. M r s. Parkinson, of Skipton, hav ing r eceived a s imi la r h onou r . V.A, D . KENT 12.-T he A n n u a l vVar O ffice Ins pectio n took place last month at the Camp H os pi tal, S cou t Jamboree, Mol~ Park, Maidstone,

A I D.

S eptember, 1932.

Lt. -Col. H a llowes, D. S, 0., 1. B., R. A. 1. " carried o u t t h e in spection Oil behalf of the \ Var Ollic , and he was accom pan ied by Col. Pre-O liver, . B., C. M, G., the County Cont roll er, Lt.-Col. J . I I. Yolland, C. H.E., County D irector, B. R ,C. " and the Marchioness Camden, Pre id ent of the B. R. C. S. in Kent, were among those who \\'ere present. T he detachment wa. drawn up under its ol11lllandant, and was inspected by Lady Camden. Follo\\'ing this, the parade was dismissed, and the members proceeded to gi\' d emonstration of practical work. The scheme laid out for th is part of the inspection \\'a adopted to suit the condition of t h e Camp Ho pital, which was fully equipped, and was staffed by member of the detachment. Exhibitions of renderin~ fir t aid, transport of patient to the hospital, sicl,: nursing, hygiene, and treatm nl ()f cases in times of chemical warfare were gi\·en. Addres ing the detachment at the clo e of the inpect ion, Lt.-Col. Hallo\\'e expr ssed his satisfaction at their \\'ork, both as to what he had seen that afternot)n, and al 0 as to the arrangement. they had made for the] am Doree. Po 'TEFRACT Tl'RSli\'G DI\' ISIO:-"-, S,]. .\. n, - In order to raise funds for t he Division, a garden rOte \\'a , h Id rt:cently in the grounds of Carleton Lodge, by kind pefllli.,-.i)n of the Chief Constahle of the \\'est Riding of York-.hirt.', '01. F. Brook and :\lr . Brook. I rs. Brook i the Honoran' Lad\' Prc-.ident of the , ursing- Di\'isioIl, and a \'ery ke , ~ and enthu-.iastic \\'o rker on its behalf. Throu~h the good office of herself and her husband the members were greatly assisted in their clT,)rh by members of the "\ est Riding Can tabular) and soldiers from the Pontefract Barrack, all of \\'hol11 enten.:d into the spirit of the event, and to whom a larg-e measure of thl' SlICcess of the da\' was due, Luckily t'he weather was kind, and mnny \'isit,lrs \\'l'l': attracted to the beautiful ground' of the Lodge, there tt) spend their money in such a good cause; and nUllll'rt)US were the attractions to tempt e\'eryone to spend. , \l1lhul,lIlC~ Sister l\l iss Booth had charge of a wcet and icc-cream stall; Iiss O. Barber and 1\li Burgoyne sold mineral \\'at r" ; whi le tea was served in a larg-e marquee, Lady Oi\·!. .'upt. 1iss Per ri n Brown being in charge her, assisted by Corps Secretary Mrs. H. Robinson, and Ambulance i-.ters :\[rs. Mollineaux (Secretary of the Divi ion), i\ I i,>,> Ca\\·thorne, l\I isses Amy and Annie Cawthorne, ,\Ire;. Gnrbutt, :\1 r .... Price, Mrs. Ba;rett, Miss l\lay Booth, Mis Gergue;-.on, I rs. Corbett, :\lrs. Brown, l\Iiss :\Ioxon and :'I Ii GJtwer. There were a number of competition" held during the afternoon. Lance-CorpI. F. Spurr superintended a bo"'lingat-a-pig competition, and 1r. Hadyn Blackburn n land-forsale competition, and clock golf. A bagate lle and candlclig h ti ng competition was presided over by Corpl. T. Davey, and P te. A. Fishbu rn was in chal-ge of quoits and darts . Cor pl. D. C u nningham and Corpl. G . Gawthorpe had people g uessing t h e weigh t of a live donkey-no ea y matter. Oth er a~tractio n s caused amusement in the ground and t h e h ouse during the afternoon and evening. Dancing was indul ged in on the iawn and in the ball-room, and in the eve nin g, a whist drive was held in the latter, Police Inspecto r E lliott actin g as M . C. T he Pontefract Imps Concert P a r ty gave an excellent concert which was much appreciated. A tenn is tourn a m e n t was a lso held, cont inui ng on throu g h t h e a fte rn oo n a nd even in g . P . -C. W. S. Slack kindl y o ffi ciated here. Clever displays of g ro und work, quarter-staff combats, co ntests b etween sword an d sabre, a n d gym nast ics were g ive n by a sq u a d of soldiers from the barracks unde r the co m mand of Q. M.S . Instru ctor C. W . J o n es, A. P .T.S . An ite m which was very m uch app reciated was th e excell e nt display of ho rsemanship given by the m ili tary poli ce. This dis pl ay was r epeated at in ter va ls d u ring t h e afternoo n a nd eve n ing, a nd n ever fa il ed to call fo rth \ve ll-

~ep tem ber,

1932 .

F IRST

dese rved applause. Co!. Brook act d as 1\ I. C. for this event, .tnd he greatly amu"ed the ,>peclators by hi<; descriptions of \\ hat \\ as going on. Otlll:r exhihitinns which were highly interesting were \\'lrl' thl' tellt-pe~-ging-, fig-hting with sticks and horse J1lHnagl'IlH.'nt dl'lllOn-.trati'1I1:', h:- Sergt. II. R. \\'are and L\lI1'it.lble-. \\ 001.:)', \\'adtlington, Scott, Parker and Ta) lor. Bl'ing a Brigade L\I.·nt, thl'rl.· \\'a<; naturall) a display of fir~t aid, this 11L'ing gi\'l:11 hy thl' Corps Cadet-.. Prl''iiding 0\ \.'r the gathL'ring, Col. Brook, \\ ith whom \\l're \11'-' . Bruok, C()ulh'illl1r amI ~Ir-.. \\'. \\ 'o rd5\\orth (the ;\la\t1r and :'\Ia\,ll"l' '>s tlf I\)nlefract), and thl' onicers l)f the PPI;tl'frad and- I )i ... triLl CllIlb llf the Brigade, sa id the) had 1. plca..,ing liltk tLl"lllhll1~ tu perform. Ilc a"ked the :\1ayor [,1 hand tu Ctlrp'i 'up!. .\klL·rll1an T, C.. \Illery a leather \\a llet cont ining;1 "11111 tlt money CLlntl ibutl'd by mcmbers ,)' Lhl.' .\l11hulal1cl. Hnd \ur:-.ing /)i\i:,il)ns and other intL I"6tcd ill tIlL' H!'i.~·aJI.·, ,I'" a l\lkl'll of their gratitude for .1 I tIll' \\',111, he h;ld d,)f1\! in thl' Sl'r\ ice l)f thL' Divisions of that d j .... t ri\'!. . \t til .. clt)"I.' nf tl1l' l~ \l"llillg, h.:arly voles llf thanks were r'CI',ll"lk'd t,l Clll. alld .\[ r .... Hnl\l].;: f,)r the u"e of lheir hou l' a III gn'llnd" f,)r tIll' 11,-ca"i"Il, alld fll!' their ulltiring efforts ~n Ill.tkl' thl' da\' a SlIlll· ....... : :LIlli .t1'-n tIl thl' Illen of thl.' \\'e t R:t1il1"'; (\llhta-bulary allt! till -.L. l1.'s and ml'n from l\lIltcf l.ld Hand,'k" \\ hll had \\ ,)1 kl.d "'0 hard that afternoon .t ld e\l'nil1g. Items (Di~i5ional news and compelition~, social, interesting hlies, lecture, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon St., London, E,C.4.

The Roya l Life=Sa ving Society. [f \\ I. (. ;.,;i\'t'n in .\Uglht a hrivf hi'illlry (If tht' \\'l)rk of the Llcidy, :till! lwinlt'd ,)ut that th.: llri,..:inal lllt'tllOd ... of releasill~ frllll1 tho:.' clut"h alld can·.\ illg a pl.·r~tlll in the \\'ater \\'e re, 111 all lundalll.:nutl r~':-, pll'h, in ... pite of man.' l"pt'rilllcnts, he -..;tnll' as tIll1 ... .: acl\'lll';Ill'J In :,\lr. '\'illiwl1 \\' ilson in thc )('ar 1Ktl7, it is tht'u~'llt that I"~aders may ell' 'i,'e to ha\e all I.:. pLt n<ttilll1 of thl.' \\'<1\' ill \\'hilh these Il'ka~l''' and carrie~ lrl' actually l11adt', a'nl! it is pr'opoed in this, and future <I ticll'-', to ckscrihe tIll' three :'\[ctlwds of PL'lease and tbe fullr .\h:tlwJs of Carrying in their order of 'cque nce. TilE FII~"'l :\[FTIIPf) Gfo' RI;;I.E.\SE .. \1\[)

RESlTF:.

.\ person in dan~'cr of dro\\ fling may dc\elop \'arious Ill'nlal co nditillllS or hl'ain storm, in that Ill' ma\, 10 e hi I cad and clutch \ ioknth at the would-be reSCUl'r, -or he may he of such a ten peran;ent that he \\ill, a' soon as he I1ndhl'lp at hand, keep his head <lilt! alll)\\' himsel! to be control led by the rescucr, and sO remain passi\ e. It i, ac.h i-.ahk, if possible, the rescuer should approach tI.ll ]1er'>O I1 in c.lallgcl-, from the back, with the object of ob\'Jaling' any dangerous clutch that he may make, but rdcases are tnught to enable the l'eScuer to release him elf from all) position if clutched ill tbe front; but it should be hornc in mind that if tJ1l' persoll is struggling violently and th.e rescue r fccl th' subject is too \'iolent, or too big- to tackle Without considerable danger to himself, it is advisable for the rescuer to remain in such n position that he is ju tout ~f reach of the struggling person, until his violence has partially subsided, which will soon happen, but suniciently ncar 10 rcnder immediate as'istance should the subject sink. . The lJ'-St clutch the subject is lik Iy to use is that of the Wnsts of the rescuCJ', that being the nearest part of the bocy to thc subject, as the arms are shot forward , Thi ' cluch l11us. t be broken at al l costs, and to do so the rescuer must straighten both arms above t.he head and bring thcm down

AID.

sharply, and at his hip level, simultaneously force them against the drowning person's thumbs; this . action e~sily breaks the grip. Immediately the rescuer seizes the fight arm or shoulder of the subject and turns him round with his back to the re cuer, who then slips both hands up to the subject's head, placing the palms of the hands oYcr .the ~ars, with the fingers pointing outwards; hold the subject In a firm grip, with the mouth well out of water. The subje.ct flnding himself held ilrmly and able to breathe freely, Will become passive and allow himself to be carried by the following method. The rescuer lies on his back and swims with the back stroke, care being taken to keep the drowning person's face above the water. Failure to do this might cause a further panic and another struggle. E\'e ry wimmer should regard it as a duty to learn the methods of Life-Sa\'ing, for they are the First Aid methods where water accident are concerned, and therefore it is essential that a strong breast stroke should be practised, and that a back stroke without the use of arms should be de\eloped . .\ swimmer ha\ing these qualifications, and ha\'ing learned the \'ariou methods which are being described, should be able to render assistance in all cases of drowning, with perfect assurance and will not endanger themseh'e . First .\id to the drowning, does not end with bl-inging the person safely to shore, as in some cases resuscitat ion is nece sar)" and in order to apply this successfully the wouldbe rescuer hould kno\\' omething of elementary physiology ;n so doing they will more clearly understand the methods whi c h will be described in future chapters. The chafer method of resuscitation, originated by Profes or Sir E. Sharpey-Schafer, Head of the Physiological Department of the Edinburgh C'ni\-ersity, is the only one ad\ocated by the Royal Life- a\'ing Society, and is a method which hould be kno\\'n by all, whether they are \\'immer or not, a one' en'ices may be called upon at any moment to apply thi ystem. Thi point is \'ery clearly eyidenced in the case of a bathing tragedy occurring \\"ithin the last fe\\' da} s on the outh oa t of England, when a young lady 10 t her life due to bathing in a heavy ea \\·here there \\'as a strong underto\\', She was re cued from the water in an uncon ciou condiLion, and re u citation was applied by workmen \\'ho were engaged on re-enforcement \\'o rk of the wall, but the operation of resu citation was apparently discontinued on the arri\'al of the police. In cannot be too strongly empha ised that ",hene\'er resuscitation is applied, it hould be continued \\'ith unbroken effort for \\'hateyer length is necessary, or until such time as a medical man has pronounced life extinct. No defInite time can be gi\·en. There is n ca e on record in this country of a per on being uccessfully re tored after four hours' continuous work; and another, where a workman \\'ho was electrocuted on the top of a steel building was immediatelyoperated upon by one of hi fcllow workmen, and th \York of re uscitation continued for fourteen hour, \\' hich included bringing the man down on a platform attached to a crane, transport in an ambulance to the ho pital, and the work continued in that establishment until animation had been successfully restored . Any queries on Life-Sa\'ing frol11 Drowning and the R esu citation of the apparently drowned will be answered in this paper, if addre ed to the headquarter of the Society, 8, Bayley-street, Bedford-square, London, \ \'. c.1.

We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretaries and others with specimen cop ies of this J o urnal for distribution among their

members.

Apply

the

Publishers, FIRST AID, 40 Cannon St., London bC ....

FIRST

~uet'ies

and J\nswet's eot't'espondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules;I. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left band corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C·4· 2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue. 3.-The Textbook, to \\ hich refel ence may be made in this column is the 38th tI928) Edition of S,J . A. A. Manual ofFirsl Aid,

SDJPLE FRACTURES OF BOT]] LEGS. \\'.S. (Ferryhill).-:\t Diyisional Pra c ti ce recently we had to treat a supposed briclda~'er 'w ho, falling air a scaffolding, was found to be suffering frol11 Shock associated \\'ith Simple Fract'.lres of both legs. Some of us thought that in this case each leg should be put up s pamtely \\'ith t\\'o si)lint:" and then tied togetller. Others, ho\\'t.~\'e r, ,,'ere of l)piniol1 that only three splillt:, slwuld be use :1 and that a Bcarer should exert traction 011 both feel and ankles until the fractures were contrL)llcd with splint:, and bandages, .\s \\'e cannot agree we ask your Jecisiol1. To me there is no question but that the former s uggeslion is the correct one, partly because it is easier and parLly becausc thc treatment of each fracture separately dirccts attention to the double injury and facilitates further action when the duelor takes charge of the case. :\. CORBET FLETCHER. EX .... :\lI:\ATlO:\ HO\\'LER.

J. F. (Berl11uda).- In a recent ex.amination a candidate \"as being questioned with referencc to a "Toman's Dress on Fire and, after the u~ ual answer had been given, the doctor asked ho\\' the rug or blanket would put out the fire. You can imagine the amusemenL when thc candidate answered: "B)' fum/gating the blaze, Sir." Good!

:\ext, please! !-1\,C,F.

TREA'J :\JENT OF FRACTURED S1'JNE. VV,.\, (Bulwcll).-Having been closely questioned by one in authority on the treatment which I would adopt in dealing with a case of Fractured Spine, and after ~i\'ing as complete an ans\yer as I was able according to our leaching, I was told by my questioner that the reverse method in his opinion \.\'as more preferable, He roughly illustrated the spinal column, with a weight falling across the lumbar vertebr~, the effect being tantamount to an impacted fracture, injuring- and trapping the spinal cord, n en'es and blood-vesscls thus producing paralysis below. ow sir, his contention \vas thaL by the treatment as detailed in the Black Book, a condition like that "yould not be alleviated but rather increased; that according to his theory it was bctter to treat and to transport thc patient in the prone position, well padded under the neck and ~roins ; and that this would help to relax. the pressure created and so reduce the paralysis, a fact which he knew had occurred before reaching hospital on several occasions.

The opinion is growing among surg-eons,

who are

A 10.

Septem ber, 193 2.

specialists in thc treatmcnt of fractures, that cases of. frac tured spine should h~ treated on the spot and r 111m'ed III t ill: pi one position fot- thc reasons g-i\'\~n by your" quest ioner." The Rcvision COlllmittee, ho\\,cver, ha\'l~ decided tluitL! rightly, in 111)' opinion against an} change of instruction with referencc to treatment of fractureu spine, for the present. It "'ould bc disastrous if a Te:-..thook wcrL! to adopt forth\\'ith diametrical I.' oppo!1ed J1lcthods l,f trealJ1lcnt until thesl' had beell pron~n L'orrL!ct, as thc result of prolongL!u l'xpcrience.-N. C. F. DE.\1) F . \J~r.

Fainting is usually a lenlJ10ntr) (tlwuglt pllssihly a fatal) los of conscit)llsne . . .., ,Issoe iated \\ ilh kl'hl' aclillll of llll· heart. So I take it that" dead fainl" simply Illl';tlls total loss of consciousness" It is not t'orn.'L't III :-.<1: lhat a j;lilllilll-:' pillil' llL Ile\el' IllSL!S cl)I1sciousness; and I ha\l~ L'1l1plta . . ised lhis ill Ill.' definition. It ilIa} hl'lp if I lelllind j'llU lhal Ihe l)lle l'llnditil)1J llalllcd ill thl'Te,thllLlk in ",llich p,lticlll is al"';ljs ulll'on'icillUS i.., Epilclb} alld that /11 1111 oillt' /lJ/lt!i,illll.1 Lll Insensibilit\ named therLin thl' p,lliLlll m<t} hl Ilhlll ur Il:s . . unconscious. t..:.C.F.

SL.\I'l'I ,\.

D,D. ('Vick).-For trealmellt of Fractulld . l.lJ1ula IhL' B.R.C, . :\Ianual (p. 8})) gi\l.s inslruLlil)ll.., In n'IllL1YL' coat \\'aio.;lcoat and braces, or heen \' loal \\ ith woman pat i~nt, and to place a pad, ~uch m,' a folded \\ ai;,lL'llat, O\'er the injured bonc and alo in each armpit hefOll applying the Bandage for Fractured Scapula. I \\'Olldl'r if you approve these instructions \\ hich do llL1l Ilgure in the S.] ,.\. A. Textbook. Fracture of Scapula, though a ycr) rarc injur), is IllLl,,1 frequently the result of a crub, sUlh as, for in~tancc, beL wcen. lorry and \\~all; and it is conset] uen II y often accompanied by iJljune~ to chest and il,,; content~ and a considerable degree of Shock. l) nder thcse circulll..,tance-. I prefer the S.J. ,\,,\, Textbook instru<.:lion~ which do no l encourage first aiders to put slIch patients to the extra slrail rcquired for rel110nll of clothing and for pldcing pad in armpits. By the way, did you note thal in thc E, R. C. S, i\lanua l the diagram figuring' the Bandage for Fractured capula shows patient with unremoved coat? N.C. F.

STRETClIER EXERClSE

FIRST

his right s ·apula. I t is alwa)s a pleasun: to help a keell student, so thcrl' 'v\'<lS no JlL!cc.l for an apulogy, II<:rL!'s good hll·tune! '.C.F .

THI' AT.\Jf<:t>.' r

OF It>.''iENSIBILI J'\'.

L.D, (Caithnl'ss) . . \s far as 1 can see, til,.' B.R.C.~, First .\id :\lal1ual d,)cs Ildt <llkise turning Lo DIll' llr other ..,ide till! head of all unc\lllsci\lu~ paticllt. Pkas\.: lell Ille it L1wr' is diJTel'ellce of opinion on this point.

No, 1.

J. R . (Worthing').

Further La your rep ly to our LJucry of above title answered in ] uly issue of Fll{sT Am. I hopl' you will excuse our denseness, b u t we are sLil1 in th t' dark co nccrn ing Strelch er Exercise o. 1. Th e T exlbook tell s us on p. 194 that Bcarer No . 3 is to pass hi s left hand across the paticnt's chest and under h is r igh t shoulder. This instruction cou ld be carricd oul etJ uall y well by passing thc left hand oUlside t he s h o uld cr or between the arm and body P I ,=a~e clear this poin t for us and accept our thanks.

Yeur forme r suggestion is con-eeL. So, if yo u arc Bearer No , 3, pass your hand across patie n t's ch est, r o und t h e o u tside of his r ig h t s h oulder so t h at yo u r h a nd s upports

Illo .... t illll1LH-lant detail in the treatlllent of all patient who may \'omit during the pel iot! of Il'L"Ll\'l'ry with tin: [l's ult that \'l1lllitl'd l1lalter Illay pas.., backward inlll the lhr~1at and laU~l' .\~phy~i.l. 1 i1l1ill-:'i lle, llterdure, lhal this illstrlldi')1l has hcen (In.:idlllih Llll1illl:d fn1ll1 the B. R. C. S. \lallual if your ·tatl.'IllCllt of fads is Cllrt"eCl. :\, C. F,

A I D.

of FmST ,\11), but all these qucrics rl'fern:d to Poisoning by mouth with Calcium Carbide, In the January, 1931, issue of FmsT .\J[) Professor Loos, of Rotterdam, suggests Glycerine or .\lcohol as the most uscful t"Cl11edics for Calcium Carbide on the ground.., that these combine with \\ ater and render it inacti\'e. lL would, therefore, appear that thc best first aid treatmcnt for Calcium Carhidc in the E) es is to hrush out all visible pi\.:ce~, as is done with Limc in Eyes, and then to instil a fe\\' drops of glycerine.- .C.F.

This i!') a

N. P. ('Iwreditch). Please tell Ill\..' \\ hat i:> IIll'dlll hy .[ "dead fainl" and if lhi . . lerlll rekrs to . . ~)IIlL! l'lHldilion \\'orsc than <tn llrdinHn faint. 1 am thl' 111\)\ l' pUZlkd, because in our la~t Cl)l;r \.: of lcctun:s \\ l' \\ ell' llllJ that a person in a fainL wa!1 ne\l'r \\' holly unCtlllsciou.., and that he knc\\' \\·hat was being dOlh' fl)r him dwugh he \nlS too \\'eak to rcspond in any \\·ay.

TRE,\ji\IEl\ 1 0[0' FJ{,\CIl!IUW

Septem ber, 1932.

1I11Cl)I1Sl'iou~

TI{E..n ~II-:.·/ Ful{

PUISOSI:->{; BY FISll.

J. F. ( \ \'orlhilll-:),

TIll' TeXlho\)k appl'ar~ lLl I'lllll;lill Illl rekrl!llce tll trl.alllll!lll ILlI- p,)isllninl-: h} I'"h, wlwreas, lltl Catl!chiSlll dl'l's Ull p:1g<: (-+, ulh.kJ' the I,eading of l'lt)1ll.linl' Pui . . uninl-:·. J SUhlllil lhat plli..,olling h\' li,,11 nl<1\' l·OIIlC Ulltk,," lltlel' hlddings : . (1) \ ,1I i('1 il's ~ll,slt, as shell li~h, etl., \\ hich IllCl\' ca USl' j1l)i",'lning ; (2) l,de fish, as ltadd\ICk, shrimp;, ell., (,)) Sallllllll, ell., pLlll·ltased in lills. "'ill you bc kind 'Iwugh tl) ml\'i:-.l.' u" it thl: signs and ": lllplllJll.., tLn Iwisllllilll-: hy the ahl)\ l! all' similar, .lnLl, if lh~ trl!allllent IlL)ulJ he aCL'Llnling l\l Glner.L1 I'uk's fllr:tn in-itant Poisl)n '!

'I'Ll b~lth :llllJ' L\lle-.til)lls the all!1\\l!ris- ")e:;," igll:' :Lndsjlllptl)IllS see p. 171. ~.C.F,

For

b.,Dt', TRIAL Fms] .\IJ), C. E. (Tllf"lluct}). Rekrring to the query of tIll' "t!JO\'c title Cllls\\Tred 11) )l)U in the June issue of FJI~sl .\11),1 \\'ould poinL out that the IIolllL! Otlice hel'e issued \Yelf<trL Orders in cl)llnection \\ ith '\'orkshops, Factories or olher Busines;, Prel11i-.;e~, dealing with such thing a the Pre-,;cr\<llil)n of Fruit, BiLarbonate of Pl)tash "'orks, Laundries, <,;' "c. Fir t-aid boxes or cupboards arc ordered lo be kepL wherein are placl!d the Ft'rsl .lld Leaflct, is ued hy the Factor} Department of thc Home Ollice, Hnd tbe dressing-s, <,;'·c., suitahle for each occupation, The box l)r cupboard is placed undcr thc charge of a responsible person \\,hl) shall always be readil\' m"ailahle. The Wl,ltare Order ' are obtainable fro'm IIis :'l lajesty's Stationcry Ofllce or from any bookseller.

\Vc than k ) OLI for your kind letter and its further Il\formaLion. - ',C,F.

C \ LCIUl\l

,\RI3IDE

IN EYES .

\N , H , (Do n caster) . - R ecently ,1 man \\'as abL1ut to cmpty a large t in of Calcium Carbide when the tin slipped and caused h im to get both eyes full of small piece, of Carbid c. Bcing in doubt as to the con-ecl treatment I ask your advice, e pecially as 1 haw' asked everal other aut h orit ics without obtaining sati~faction. You have dea lt with tlueries on alciul11 Carbide in the l\[ay 1929, t h e J\ l arch and Decembcr 1930, t hc J anuary, February a nd Marc h 1931 a n d lhe' J Cln ua ry 1932 issues

HC:\IOUHS OF FIRST ,\m. S. R. (n'hipps Cro~~). Ret t nUy I ,,'as called ttl a Ilcighhuur \\ Iw had beLll takLn sudden I\' ill and I asked him if Ill! had bl!cll eating or drinking. allY thing unuual. He replicd thal hc had only takcn some of the medicinc from a bottle on the shelf. After looking at the bOllle J asked him ho\\- much he had taken; and I ha\'e not } et reco\'e red from his answer, \\'hich I gi\'c exactly a he did: ""'ell, the boltIe says' Two drops for children, four dn'lps f~)r an adulb, and onc teaspoonful for all ulleLic. ' '0, }lU/ kJlu7.Vt'Jl,~· v.·lzc!tit, /' 1 was llll adult ur an (,IIlLl/c, ljus/ dlllllced t'I." Coud!

1'\exl, please! !- 1'\.C.F.

Dll'LE

FH \I.J CI~ES OF CL.\ \'lc'LE .\. U He .II-.Res.

T. n. (RodJymoor),-Plcase gi\e me your ,"ie\\'s pn how yOU would Lreat a patient suffering from Simple Fracture oj Clayic1e or Sill1J1le Fracture of Humerus (middle of shaft) beth injuries on samc side, The double fra'ture probably means a serious accident and a gra\'e degree of Slwck. Patient hould, therefore, be kept Jlat and rcmO\'cd on tretcher. Consequently, I should contrul the Fractured Humerus (which as the more erious injur) demands priority in treatment) with rlinLs and bandages, and I should then keep upper Jimb in elo e apposition to the bod) fixed at elbo\\-, or extended as patient prefers- whereby the Fractured Cla\·icJe \\'ould be protected from <u.rgn'l.\'ation.- T,C.F. REPLIES 11\ BRIEF BY 1 HE EDITOR.

J. C. (~lorse).-Exal1linations must be passed I~rst. A.. \ V. (Essex).-This matter should be placcd before the County Commissioner through the usual channels.

.:\, E, (Hants,).-\\'e know of no such work, . S, B, (Tunbridge "Tell ),-See Brigade Gcncral RegulatIOns, paragraph -+6. G, E, (London). - Tnstruction as laid clown in ~lanual of Drill and Camping should be adhered to by all Officer and N.C.O.' ,

.\. G. H. (Londun).-See paragraph 35 ~lallual of Drill and Camping. H, B. (Pentre). Yes, but only in exceptional circumstances will this be sanctioned ac; a Di"ivional ecretary has sufficient to occupy his time without beino' a Cadet Officer w hieh is one job alonc if it is to be carriecl out in an emcien~ manner.

LEGA L

QUERY.

K . K. (llampstcad).- Ye, undcr cction 25 of the .\clm.inistration of Estates .\ ct, 1 0 25, the Court has ro\\'\.'r to requln~ the personal representative of a deceascd person to prod u ce to the Court an ill\'entor\ and account of the real an d persona l estate of the decease-d .-E. J\LUTL.\ 'D \\'OOI.F.

FIRST

AID.

Septem her, 193 2.

Red Cross News. The County of London Branch of the B.R.C.S. announce that a cour e of seyen lectures and dcmonstrations (illu trated by lantern slide) on Tropical Hygiene will be gi,'en on ~Ionday, \Vedne day and Friday commencing at :.30 p.m. on l\Ionday, September 26th} 1932 at 9, Chesham treet, S. \Y.1. The course, which ,,·ill coyer such questions as food, clothing, and the mcdical and sanitary precautions necesary for hcalth in "'arm climates will be conducted by Colonel J. \Y. Leakc, c.:'I.G.} ~I.R.C.S., D.P.H. An examination for thc Society's Certificate in Tropical Hygiene ,\·ill be held on Friday, October 14th, at 5.30 p.m. Fees for thc full course are: Members of the B.R.C.S. 5/ - and 2/6 examination fee; lon-members 7/6 and 3/examination fee . Single lecture fces 1/6. Enquirie should be sent at once to the County eCl-etary, British Red Cro s Society, 9, Chesham Street, S.\V.1.

).Ir. H. J. Hammond, M.I.H., commandant of the \Yanstead Red Cros Detachment, recently gaYe a coursc of lectures on " First Aid to the Injured" to the Plaistow Cadet Corps, and successfully coached a number of candidates for their examination. The examiner's r emarks expressed his pleasure in examining the class, and congratulated the lecturer who had obviously spent a good deal of time in getting the students to such a high standard of efficiency. The work, he said, was exceedingly useful to eYcryone in these times and he had yet to learn of a more humanitarian occupation. A class which had been running at vVanstead, under ~1r. Hammond's tuition achieved equally successful res ults after examination. I\Ir. Hammond must also be congratulated on his personal succe ses. He recently gained Instructor's Certificates as follows :-First Aid Home Jursing, H ygiene and Sanitary Health, and Tuberculosis, and adds to his Merit Badge all the 1932 possible gains for proficiency. During 1931 he gave upwards of 120 lectures and was responsible fo r laying the foundation wo rk of the training of several nurses now posted to no ted hospitals.

With a viev,' to organizing the men's detachment in Alnwick a meeting of the British Red Cross Society was held last month \\'ith 1\1rs. L eather Culley in the chair. Mrs. Culley spoke of the work done by the Alnwick men's detachment ~V.A.D. Torthumberland 1) in formcr days, and sa1d that 1t was the first detachment to be formed in thc county, having started in July, 1910. Miss Williamson (assistant coun ty director, Red Cross) then addressed the meeting. Major Wightman Douglas proposed a vote of thanks to Miss Williamson and all the men present signed en rolmcnt forms . The officers were selected and the names will be submitted to the county director for approval. A course of First Aid lectures will be arranged in the near future. Two new Branches of the B.R.C.S. h ave been formed in the African Colonies of the Gold Coast and Swaziland. Th e Gold Coast Branch has been constituted with a

yi ew to plaein o . the exi ting health in':>titutions and child wcl fare centrcs on a ound financial ba i and aiding in their devclopment. J11 1927, a Lcague for :\laternal and Child vVelfar c \Va formed in the Gold Coast Colony; with the fall in rCYCllue and the resulting retrenchment in the welfarc sen'icc, it was felt that the activities of thc LeaO'ue called for widcr de, elopment and that it wou lcl be bcneficial for it to sen'c as thc l1uclcu of a branch of the Red Cro on the Gold Coast. This amalgamation wa fayoured by the Prcsident and the Illemher- of the League, and step ,,'crc promptly taken to 'ccure the approbation of the parcnt Society in London. This pcrmi sion was reccind in April, 1932, accompaniecl by a promisc of financial support. Thcreupon a Ccntral Committee \\'It set up in cera, und er the chairman hip of Dr. Dufi, \\ ith Dr. P. ~, elwyn Clarkc a HOll. Secretary, and l()cal colllmittLe':> "wcrc formcd in Capc Coa ·t, KoroJiclua and ~lkondi: f urth cr committec \\'ill, it is allticipatacd shortl) be. LstabIi hed in other lcs populous centreuch as Kumai. Tamale, \Yinnebah !Zcta, Aclda, ~Iallg'()a "e, ,\ "tll11aIH,!·kt'sl, ",here it may become de irable in future to (; tahlj<;h \\-c1fare Centre. ubnlltion havc bcen promised by the local authorities and scvcral contributions have al reach' been receivcd from oth er sources. ~ The avowed obj eets of the Gold COtl<;t 11ranch ()f the British Red Cro s are the following: (1) The promotion of health throug-h ,olunlar), agencics; (2) The organization of relief for ick and uffcring, including lcpc rs; (3) Co-operation in an international cha111 of ~ cn'icc throughout t he world.

Binding Copies of " F. A." KEEP your Copies of FIRST AID clean and tidy have them bound. Send your copies for the last Volume (Jdy, 1931, to June, 1932) and we will return same bound in an attractive case of leather cloth, with the title of the publication in gold letters on the front and side and the eight pointed cross on front, for 6s., post free. Complete Volumes can be supplied at 9s., post free. Binding Cases only, 2s . 9d. post free. Orders should be sent to DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4.

8y I. CORBEl fLEICHER ••• B., B.C., B.A.(ea.tlb), •. R.C,fi

Regulation- Right! Quality-Right! Price - Right

Plrat·AI Simplified aDd Tabulated. wltb Aide to .emary. CtJJ. Si" /aHfts Can/be c)"trib"tlll a" i"t"od"ctio" a"d W6 6"do".u /t.{z KtltI " tI~iHi"" 0/ tMo""k."-LANCBT . .101; TO HOME-NURS' Q.

AIDa

NURSES

COATS,

EFFIOIENOY

Scnd P. C. jor Price List and Sel/-measurement 'orms.

0.,

Tailors and Uniform Makers, TELItPHr 1'019

No.

YORKS.

:z81.

CORBET FLETCHER,

M . A. , M.B

FIRaT-AID.

ERRO , 8 II.

FIRST-AID.

net: post ~d.

Errors In Plrst·Ald Detailed aud Explained, , 1 his liODR gWts a cl..ar6r i"sight i"lo tM m .. tlwds a"d dif/ictllti,t OJ .. m""g'''c" tr,atm,,,' 01l1aym .." tha" tlu "tJicial T,xtoook itul/ " -LANcET.

COMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcher, Individual and Question-Six Folders). Price 6d. each net, post, I~d Each Folder contains special article on Competitions :-No. x, Training of Competition Teams; No.2, Conduct of Team in Competition Room; No. 3, Common Errors In Competition ; NO.4 , Further Errors in Treatment; NO.5, History 0 Competition Tests; No.6, Preparation of Tests.

WHY

AND

WHEREFORE:

FIRST-AID.

Price I I . ~d .• post free.

Fifth Edition.

DUlleultin III !Uady and Treatmellt lolnd by Qaestlon Ind Answer. " W, co",,,,,,,d tI'fz oook to L"tl4"'''Z a"d SttltU"tz ruho w{I1/i"d it Dt pIal

18. 2d.

Post free, I •• a4.

AMBULANCE

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT,

Post free,

Problemll III 5Hidy, Tre.tmGllt and Humln.tlol lolnd for 5ellior 5tadellfs " WU"otll do"Dt till bDok will 060) g",al lI1'fJiCl i" 1M tYai"itlg ,,/Inoll {D'" run"", it is d6sig" ..d. "-BRITISH MEDICAL JOOllNAL.

COMMON

24, Commercial St., BRIGHOUSE,

FiRST-AID.

Third Edition. R,,\ised. Price III. 24., post free. Home·l'4afllllg Simplified and Tabulated , witt Aids to .emory, , This book ruDHd.",twll" zi",pli/iu a COHffJ'6~ S"0;6Ct a"d slwtlid 0' ",.ad 0'11 al. sttld."t,. "-L. &: N.W. Rv. GAZRTTE,

SPECIALITY.

THORNTON

Seventh Edition.

All Uniforms cut to Customer's own measurements

' '>"TJi, •. ' - FIRST AID.

M.R.C.S.

HINTa

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLIEa.

Post fr~e, 811.

"_ \ s a work of reference, the ho~)k \\ ill be c'CcrcJl1e ly ll:-;dll l and slwulJ Iw in th ..· li hran' of all al1lhll l anc~'

Orderly Datles Simplified aa ti Tabalated. wltb .l!ds to Memory. A mDst cD",pacl o"ocJ:UYl . . conta;"z ",l4ch tlst./tlJ i"to"mati"" . "- PRESCRIBBR

\\' prJ.:: 'rs."

FI RIIT AID.

FII{ST ,\11).

Illustrated by 50 diagrams In Colours wltb Explanatory Letterpress. By Sir JAMES CANTLIE, K.B .E., LL.D., M.A., M.B . 1!d. net; post free. C. M. , F.R.C.S., D.P.H .R . C.P.

Pf'ice, 3 /6; post tree, 4/-. THE

ST. JOH St. John'

AM BULANCB ASSOCIATION, Gate, LONOON, B.C ...

FLAC DAYS. HOSPITAL FETES. CARNIVAL DANCES.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES. Mounted on Canvas, Roller top and bottom. 255 net each. Post, xs. Hnmau Skeleton, \,.ont view. 2. Muscles, fro nt view. 3. Humau Skeleton back view -4. Muscles, back view. 5. The Heart and principal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A), 7. Viscera of tbe Chest and Abdomen (B). 8. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of tbe Chest and Abdomen (D). 10. The Nervous System. IX. Schematic diagram of Circulatior. r2. The Human Ear. 13 The Human Eye. 1-4. Median Sectiou through Skin 15. Median Section thro ugh Head. I.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. Male, 80S . net.

13, 15, 17, SU RAT STREET, BETHNAL GREEN, E.2.

AOCIDENTS AND

EMERGENCIES.

M.i(.C. 8.BDI (2oo th thousand) Re\·ised. Strong paper. ~4. Post 1d. HOME NURIIINS IN FEW WORDB. (56th thousand). R e\·i~ecl With nseful reference tables. 1-4 pp. Strong paper, ~d. Post Id.

CAR.YELL.

FEW WORDII.

With Coloured Diagrams.

12pp.

ClotlJ, 64.

BANDABING 12 PP' -

HEALTH

DIARRAMS.

72 bandaging diagrams, with notes.

P. ~ C.S.

Telephone I EAST 4091, ILLUSTRATED LIST FREE .

Carriage 28.

Their Sig-ns, Symptoms a"d "First Aid" Treatment. An Ideal Memorizer Quick Reference. By A. T . OOUO II\O . Witb -Preface tr \V II, LTAM L rCK L. R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN N'COLSOl';, M.A. , M.n., Cb.B.Glas. 18. 2d . net post free.

FIR.T AID

THE UNIVERSAL BUTTON CO.,

" 'ith Foetus, 8ss. net.

Female, 808. net.

A book that is selling by the hundped.

fly

For all supplies write:

Strong paper, ~d.

Post xd.

By Sir ~. tt . PIIRTH. D.P.". Paper folder 3 in. and 4 ib. Post free 3d. net.

FEW WORDS.

20th Thousand.

M.. PR.B8T0!'4. DI",,,,.s:,,a ~o, to tA, PO/ftICh,,;, Price 15. net; postage, 2d Its Application Accurately Described by \Vords and no Diagrams. THE ROLLER BAN DABE. Price IS. net; postage, 2d. lis Application Accurately Described by Words and 102 Diagrams.

15,

HOW"RoD

THE TRIANGULAR BANDABE:

CARRIAGE

PAID.

1,000 Pairs New Stretcher Slings, 2/- paip; 4 pail'S, 7 /-; 10 pail'S, 17/-

1,000 Ex-Army Ambulance Stretchers, A. FIRTH,

20,

6/- to 20/- each. Wakefield Road, PONTBFRACT.

FIRIIT-AID ANATOMICAL DIABKA ••• 13 (I to IHnd x4)on Roller No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs , /2 AlANIKIN. Price 28, net; postage 4d System~ of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatcm} Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects.

Post free, 31. gd. net.

THE

COMPLETE

THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAB.II • 15, THBItLA Illustrated. Post free, BOW3B~.

II. ~4,

POOKET FIRIIT AID BERIEB. By Col. R.. J. BLACKHAM. C.B., C.M.O .. C.I.B . • O.S.O" M.~ .

OR SALE :-Roller Bandges B.P.c. Quality (W.O.W.), 1 in. x 6 yards, 7/6 gross. Good Quality (W. O. W.), 1 in. x 6 yards, 6/- gross. Other sizes in proportion. Also good quality Triangular Bandages at 4/- per dozen, samples 5d. each. Boric Lint (B. P. C.) 1 oz. packets, 2/- per dozen; Hospital, 1/9 per dozen. Cotton Wool (B.P.C) 1 oz. packets, 1/ 10 per dozen; Hospital, 1/8 per dozen. All post free. Cash with order. -Asepto Bandage Co., 46, Cannonstreet, London, E.C.4.

MANU ALS OF FIRST-AID, &c.,

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRICADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

.. FIRST AID ., QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

(I) Poisoning, (2) Ha:~orrha~e, (,) Insenslb.lllty, (4) Asphyxia (Suspeuded BHul : Ing), (5) Fracll~res, D~slocatlons and Sprains, (6) Wounds, Bites/ Burns, Scldd! Rupture and MInor InJuries. The Senes contams all the essentials of First AId Printed on linen·lined cards, 31 In. X 5! in. Third Edition. 6d. ne , e7cb postage 2d extra.

To be cut out and enclosed with ,,1/ Que"ies

AIDS TO MEMORY FOR FIRST AID STUDENTS AND NURSES VERNON NBWTON. M ~ ,~ M,CBoa' ). 9d. net. Pcst

SEPT.

1932.

JOHN

BL\LE,

SONS

DANIELSSON.

Ltd.

83-91, Great Titchfteid Street, London, W.t.

Hobson & ·o ns (London) Ltd.),

Who/eBa/a

Manufaoturers of Uniforms, Headdresses, Aoooutrements for

LIMITED

QUANTITY

ONLY.

Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

akers of

MEDALS,

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

BADGES

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. SPECIAL OFFER of All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed TROUSERSPrivates- 13/9 per pair.

FIRST AID

AND

TROPHIES

No. 460.-VoL. XXXIX.

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I. Phone-Hop 0680 & 7065.

FIRST AID It

AMBULANCE AND SOCIETIES.

Bronze, 31- ; Sliver, 4,/6; Silver, Oold Centre, 6/9.

Original Designs and Quolalums posl ,ree.

Wholesale Pric99 to all •• FI ST AID" SOCIETIEI.

London Showroom-

"OLBORN

READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month.

No. 77-

62,

NOTICE

CORP

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL.

VIADUCT,

E.C.

Te19phona 0340 Cttv.

North of England Office: 22, YORK PLACE, LEEDS.

The

Annual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3d. Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Repo rts on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes uggestions for Practical Papers. All Reports, ~'c., should be addressed to the Editor at 1he address below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accom panied (1I0t ,zecessan'!y jor publication) by the name and address of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected \\ ilh FIR T AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REVNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CA:-i '0:-\ STREKT, Lo DON, E.C.4. T elet:raphir AddrlSS- C C Twmt1'-follr, London." Telephone-Cmtra! I ,I2I.

CONTENTS

THIS

NUMBER.

EDlTOR IAL-

SURCICAL

EQUIPMENTs

.. STERAID '(Regd.) series of absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dress· ings are placed in this Patent Con tainer, which, bv a simple rotation, uncovers cnlf the quantity of gauze or lint required; after cutting this off, rotate the Container in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from exposure and retain their natural aseptic' condition . (Awarded the Certificate 0/ the InstitUte oj Hygiene.) All Dressings are of GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE.

" SANIBIN" (Regd.) an effic!t:~t receptacle for ~eceiving soiled dressings, sanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing in any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring, without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. .. ZO RBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST·AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Re4uirements. SEND

FOR

PRICE

ASEPTO BAN ACE COMPA Y, 46, OANNON STREE~ LONDON, E.0.4 • Befope purchasing youI' supplies of

SURCICAL DRESSINCS, FIRST AID A PLIANCES, BANDAGES, etc., Ask us fop a quotationYOU WILL SAVE MONEY.

Best

Quality - Quick Delivery Lowest Prices. Sole Agents for the well-known

LISTS:-

~OBE~T BAILEY & SON, Ltd. MARRIOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT ard at 137. Sentinel House. Southampton Row, London. W.C.!.

Entered at ] [ Stationers' Hall

Pl{ICE THI{EEPENCE [3/6 PER ANNUM, POST FREE

5ultable for

Contractors to H.M. Ministry o( Munitions, Russian Government, &c.

ADDRESS-

OCTOBER, 1932.

INSTANTANEOUS BANDAGE. THE PERFECT STERILISED DRESSING SAVES

TIME

WHEN

SECONDS

COUNT.

Print-ed and .t'ublisheu. by DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4, to whom all communications should be addressed. Telegrams-" Twenty-jour, London." Telephone - Central I 42I • . To be had of a,ll News~gentsl Booksellers and Bookstalls in the TJllited I<in~dC)m and at all Ra.ilway BC)okl;ta.lls of '\1essrs. W. H SmIth and Son I.

Do It ;\o\\' ! St. Jl)hn .\mhul,ll1tC' .\s()ciatiol1

81 82

LL't l's Look at Poison s ... TIll' IJ ospitalil'r..,' 'llIh ... • u[l~rstition and the Treat ment of the Injured Police .:\mbulance New ... S.]..\. Brigade Di trict Report ;\0. 4 (Lancashire) District, .J .. \. B. Priory for Wales lnlon I . . \. Badgett . c.~I.G., l.D., D.P.II. The Royal Life Saying- ociet)' Railway Ambulance 'c\\'s The Fir ,t .\Id ontro\ers\, \mbu lancc ~e\\'s ulting from the Pre s ... \ ;\e\\' .\l1lbulancc arrier Road .\ccid ents Fir t .\id Association Ll'ct ures in EI 111 ntary c\natomy ... \mb ulance undayat outhampton Letters to the Editor ... ... Our Nurses' Pages

82 83 83 85 86 8 90 91 92 93 95 96 97 97 98 99 100 102

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

Fracture of Leg- and Patella... Examination Howler .-\sphyxia and Fracture of Thigh Transposition of Internal Organs Larg-e t Org-an in the Body .. , ... Treatment of 'Wound with Arterial Bleedin o ' Specimen Tests for Nursing Competitions h Treatment of Simple Fracture of Tihia Treatment of Lysol Poisoning The Question of Diagnosis ... Plaint of a First Aider Unusual Use of Triangular B~'ndage First Aid Outfit ... ... Cold Water for Burns Legal Query Red Cross Ne'w s The Red Cross Symbol ::: <..

104 104 104 104 10f 10-+ 104 104 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 J06 106

EDITORIAL. SUMMER-TIME is now a

thing of Do IT Now! the past, and to first aiders it means that books must be got ready for the re-examination and the commencement of the winter programme. It is evident by the number of classes to be held, and of which notice has been given, that a great increase in the number of prospective candidates is expected. Now is the time when every first aider should do his, or her, utmost to persuade friends and acquaintances to take up this work. In times, such as we are now passing, when money is short-or so it is said-and everyone is cutting down expenses, we can broadcast the fact that, for a few shillings, any man or woman can obtain something which will not only be of use now but at all times. That" something" is first aid training. Explain to your friends that for the price of two visits to the local cinema, they can obtain the necessary training which will enable them to render assistance in cases of accidents. Further, for their money they will have six: eveninO' enO'aO'eb b b ments instead of two. Ambulance men and women are of a too retiring nature and do not like to speak of their work, but here it is when they must break forth and, In doing so, bring new recruits into the ranks of first aiders. There are still hundreds, maybe thousands, of the general public who still consider that members of various ambulance movements are on the paid staff. It is up to each and every member to blazen forth the glory of the voluntary services rendered, and educate the man in the street to the importance of this work, not only to himself but to his family also.

October, 1932.

FIRST

Let our motto be "Do it now!" and we shall reap the benefit later, when those who c~me "just to see" stay, admire and finally enter mto the ranks of the ambulance movement. Do IT Now!

St. John J\mbulance J\ssociation. AX;\IINSTER,-l\[embers of this S~ctio?, re~ently under~ went realistic tests, A constable passmg h . tlmmgton ,q~a,rr) ,,'as informed that a man had been found in a fi,eld adJ~Inl~g the works, in a state of collapse, First-aiders In t,he dlstnct were summoned, and, on arri,'al, found the, man In ~ dazed 't'on i and t unable to aive them much InformatIon, con d l > '1 HA bottle of poison was discoyered in tIle man s poe <et. e ,vas treated accordingly, The patient was also treated for a sprained ankle, . d vVhile ai"inO' attention to this man the first-alders hear a cry from the a~phalt works nearby, It was foun~ that a man had fallen from the staging into the ,asphalt ,Plt, He complained of a pain across his back, and It was discovered that he had a fractured spine, Treatment up to the supposed arrival of an ambulance was given in both cases, The tests were arranged by lr. E, J, 1\1oors,' one ,of tl:e most prominent, efficient, and experienced first-alders m thiS district. V ANCQUVER,-The accompanying group represents the team from the British Columbia Electric Railway Co" Ltd" who, for the fourth time won the Vancouver Challenge

Shield and also gained second place in the Daily Province Shield Com petition, , , The team consisted of (from left) : J, Smlth, patIent; J, R, Lindsay, S, T, Wybourn, captain; F, Goakes and C, Murdock. New classes of instruction tor men on tl~e B. C,~, R, recommenced last month, whilst Miss, A, G, Htll, capt~m of the women's team, states that practices for women wIll be resumed this month,

FIRST

A I D.

October, 1952.

A I D.

Let Us Look at "Poisons." By

"MALLEUS."

(Concludedjrom page 55,)

III. 'iVE have seen that corrosive poisons act immediately and violently on the parts they touch; we have seen, too, that they do not get beyond the stomach. Irritant poisons also act on the parts with which they come into conta t, but they act less violently and more gradually than the c,o~ro sives; they get further, and enter the bow 1, O'LvLng rise to symptoms referable to mouth throat, stomach and bowel, in order. Now we come to a group of poisons that enter still further into the body. These arc the AH,concs. These enter the bowel and pass t/troucr/i the bowel wall £12tO the blood stream-i. e" they are abs01~bed (for Absorption see the IIome, N ur ing Textbook). The circulating bloo I carnes them round the system a.nnd they reach tile brat'~l. It, is on the cells of the brain and cord that the l'\arcotl~s act, and they cause their results by means of their action on the Nervous System. The Narcotics are interesting, and include three chief types :, (1) Those which at once dull the bram c~II , and cause drowsiness, sleep, stupor, coma (opium and its preparations). , (2) Those which first seem to o'verstzlJlulc:te the brain cells and cause delirium. Aft r a whIle the overstimulated brain cells become tired, and coma follows delirium, in the same way that sleep ~oIlo\\'s exercise and work. Alcohol is among thiS class of narcotics, others being chloroform, stramonium and belladonna. (3) Those which act especially, on the motor cells of the brain (i.e., those bram cells whose special job it is to control muscles, and hence movements). The motor cells,are overstimul~ted and convulsions result. These Include strychntne, prussic acid and aconite. The poison of lockjaw (tetanus) acts in the same way. . A convulsion consists of alternate contractIOns and relaxations of groups of muscles; and convulsions caused by these poisons are peculiar in that the period of contraction gets e:rery time lon~e r and more complete, while the period of relaxatIOn gets shorter and more partial. So in the end, we get the convulsions consisting of a long and tight contraction of all the musles of the body, then a short and incomplete relaxation. The result is that in the end all the muscles of the body are tightl y contracted. Our patient is in danger of death from asphyxia, because his muscles of. respiratio n are included in the general contractIOn, and he can not hdly expa,nd his chest to breathe ~'n.

(1) Now since our, first class of ~arcotics (those which dull the brain) make the patient more and more drowsy, we have to keep him awake. At once er ive him an emetic to empty the stomach of any of the poison that sti 11 remains in it. ~pi urn is renden,d inactive by permanganate potasslumso in poisoning by opium or its de,rivatives, we must O'ive this as soon as our emetic has acted. \Ve c:n give it in its crystalline form ("as much as will lie on a sixpence") or in solution, as Condy's nuid C'two tablespoonfuls to a tumblerful of wat~r -re peated in half an hour "). ,trong c?ffee ,wI!l act as a stimulant, and the caffeme contaIned In It will help to keep the brain cells active and awake. \Valk the palient about (it may need two strong helpers to do this); jhck lzz'7n with 7.vet towels; dOllclie him with cold water; above all, don't let him cu r1 up and go to sleep. , , , (2) Those :-\arcotics which caus,e an mltlal delirium will also n ed a prompt emetiC, and, after it ha a ted, strong coffee. If the patient has pas 'cd in lo the slage of coma, remem ber the ~en era l rules [or the treatment of a comatose patient, not [or(Tctti n bcr the tcps for the prevention and • trcat men t of collapse. (3) In the case of convulsants, an emetic must be (riven ancl artif1.cial respiration instituted at OI1C~, Th con vulsive con tractions of strychnine po i~oniner ar so stron er an I tigh,t t~at the ~m~tic must be administered, and artificIal respiratIOn perfo rme I, behueell the attacks. I n the case of pruss ic acid poisoning, brandy (neat and plenty) or sal volatile (half and half with water) should be give n if the patien t can swallow, and, col~ wa,ter das hed on the head and spine. PrussIc aCid kIlls quickly-act promptly both with the emetic and \\ ith the institution of artificial respiration. \Ve have been dealing with three main types of poisons, and have discussed very &,enerally toe how and why of their action and their treatment. Certain poisons require certain special treatments -for example, starch as a special remedy in Iodine poisoning. These special treatments are set forth in the Textbook, and are self-explanato ry. But if we can see that poisons affect the jatzent in a definitc way because they act upon his system in a definite way-if we can see that the steps in the treatment taught by the ~extboo~ and our instructors and lecturers are not Just arbitrary rules, but reasoned and logical measures to meet definite demands, we are helping ourselves to understand, and thus be more proficient in the treatment of cases of poisoning. \iVe must know our Textbook, and we know it better if we understand it. If we know it well, we remem ber it well; and in the hurry and furore of such a dramatic and exciting emergency as a case of poisoning, we shall not lose our heads nor forget the points that the Textbook lays down for Our guidance.

The Hospitallers' ClUb. THE first meeting of the above took place on the 14th October, 1932, the subject of the lecture being: "Off the Beaten Track in London," with lantern slides, given by Mr. Albert C. Dabbs, F.R.G.S., F.S.A. The meeting, which proved most interesting, was well attended. fern bers should make a note of the following dates : November 19th, 1932.-Annual dance at the Stationers' Hall. This dance, for the first time since the institution of this annual event, is to held on a Saturday, and it is to be the first of the three social events of the year. The President hopes that all members, whether dancing or non-dancing, will attend with their friends to make this event as successful as heretofore. At the request of a number of members a second dance has been arranged for Saturday, February 14th, 1933, which is to be held at the Westminster Cathedral Hall, Am brosden-aven ue, Ashley-place, Victoria, S. 'iV.1. This Hall, although perhaps not boasting the same dignified appearance and associations of the Stationers' Hall, is nevertheless a very beautiful building. The following fixtures for forthcoming monthly meetings should also be noted : November 11.-Dr. K. F. Lund, lecture, " Our \Vonderful Language," with lantern slides. December 9th.-.i\Ir. Wrigglesworth with the fiI m of "The Order." January 20th, 1933.-Annual general meeting. February.-Mr. H. \\1'. Fincham, F.S.A. Lecture with lantern slides on "Provence."

Superstition and the Treatment of the Injured. By EUGENE E. 'VILLISON, M.D. Staff Pll.),sl'ci'an, F/rst Aid and Life-Sm.'l'lIg Serll/ce, AIIlt.'rican Red Cross. (Concluded ji'om page 69)'

THE old first aid books speak of skull fractures and hip fractures as of rare occurrence. Unfortunately automobile accidents have made them aU too commom, and very great harm is done by well-meaning but uninformed persons when they yield to the impulse to move a patient and to get him upon his feet before ascertaining the nature of the injury. A Red Cross first aid worker, with his wife, was motoring recently when his car was struck by

FIR S T

a reckless driver. The wife was thrown out upon the road. Passing cars drew up and people ran to help. The first aider had literally to fight crowds away to keep them from lifting his wife to her feet, sitting her up in a car and rushing her, swaying and bumping, to a hospital. He found that his wife complained of pains in the back, so all he did was to cover her to keep her warm until an ambulance arrived, when she was carefully lifted upon a stretcher and taken to the hospital without disturbing her position. There the X-ray disclosed broken vertebrae, which fortunately had not been disturbed. Several weeks later she walked out of the hospital. If she had been stood up and rushed to the hospital in a sitting position, there is little doubt that the broken bones would have been displaced so as to injure the spinal cord, with consequent paralysis and death. Of the hundred thousand deaths from accident that occur annually in this country (the U.S.A.), the automobile is by far the greatest contributing cause. It was responsible for 35,000 fatalities in 1931. Hundreds of these victims bleed to death from the severing of large veins or arteries. In many cases their lives might have been saved had there been some person on hand who knew how to stop bleeding by pressure with the fingers to shut off the flow. The first aid student learns these important" pressure points," which are not many. Too often does the doctor arrive after the patient has lost so much blood that death is certain. In accidents of this kind the Red Cross emphasises the following important" don'ts" : 1. Don't disturb the patient until the general nature of the injury is ascertained, such as the source of the bleeding and whether there are any broken bones. 2. Don't remove the patient until the physician's arrival unless necessary, or in cases when the victim is further endangered by passing cars. 3. Don't remove more clothing than is necessary to get a cle-ar view of the injury, but on the contray do everything possible to keep the patient warm, as the victim always suffers from shock and lowered tern perature. 4. Don't stand the victim on his feet but keep him lying flat unless in case of bleeding of the lungs, when it may be necessary to raise the head and shoulders somewhat so the patient can breathe. Quick action is required only in these four instances-severe bleeding, suspended breathing, poisoning, and sunstroke. It is not my purpose to go into first aid methods in _d ealing with such accidents, to tell when the feet should be raised and head lowered, or head and shoulders raised to some degree. I merely indicate some general principles to prevent the mis-treatment of accident victims .

A 10.

October, 1932.

Red Cross methods not only teach easily applied measures for stopping bleeding and restoring breathing, but also ways of keeping wounds clean. The automobile accident entails not only cutting and crushing bodies, but is responsible for a large number of deaths unknown in the days of horsedrawn vehicles. I refer to carbon monoxide poisoning, which occurs so often wht.;n engines are running in closed garages and sometimes when there is a leakage of fumes inclosed cars. 1\ ot so long ago a common remedy was to walk the victim of a gas accident. Now it is known that such walking uses up about four times the amount of oxygen used when at r st. It is dan ercrous because it destroys the little oxyoen that remain in his system. The one way to revive eras victim::, i::, to get oxygen into the lungs. This is lonc without apparatus by the prone pressure system of arliJlcial breathing, which needs only the hands, practiscd by the Red Cross. The oxygen tank is t:.sdul ill speeding recovery but, after all, is only an aid. In one authentic instancc prone pn:ssure revived a victim of a water accident \\ho had been submerged for half an hour. The person giving the treatmen t sits astride the victim's body, placed face downward, and alternately applies and release::, pressure at the small of the back, thus producing artificial breathing. A popular superstition as to revivin o - a person apparently drowned is to roll him over a barrel or to " jackknife" him by shoving the knees up to the chest and back" to get the water out of the lungs." This not only does noth in g- to restore breathing but does not eject water cven if there happens to be any in the lungs. All it does i - to get water out of the stomach, where it can do no harm. If there is water in the lungs, artil1cial respiration as taught by the Red Cross sq uee/.es out some, and the system tends to absorb the rest provided that the circulation is still slightly active. This practice of artificial respiration, known as the Schafer method, is used with notable success in the electrical and telephone industries to revive victims of electric shock. It is likewise used by firemen to revive victims of gas or smoke suffocation. It has been administered as long as eight hours and restored natural breathing. When the breathing muscles become paralysed in certain illnesses, prone pressure may be kept up for several days, enabling the patient to live until other treatments may act. I have spoken of the old remedy of rubbing frost-bitten parts with snow. If one were to hit a frozen fish with a hammer it would break like glass. Freezing causes ice to form in the cells of the flesh, so that rubbing a frozen part breaks up the cell structure and causes gangrene. Arctic explorers, like Admiral Byrd and others, thaw the affected parts gradually by covering them with a warm skin surface or by keeping the victim in a room just

October, 1932.

FIRST

AID.

- - -- - - -- - - -- -- - - -- - -above freezing POillt, using the utmost care not to rush the course of nature. The result is a mini~o1ice mum of ill effects from freezing. A com mon practice, and a bad one, is to shake CITY OF LONDON POLICE RESERVE. an ullconscious person to try to get him to talk . Nothing- can rOllse a person actually unconscious, and rough shaking may do further damage. It is Our \Vork in first aid and ambulance for the year 1932 c1o::.ecl last month, together with all other work of the much b ~ tter to keep the victim quiet. Every rule, Resen-e. The annual church parade being the occasion they say, ha~ it exct.;ption, so in case of opium when the First Aid Challenge Cup and examination awards rnisoning it is important to keep the victim awake, of the l\Iarch Course are presented to the successful candias opium affecl.., the breathing centre and if asleep dates by the Lady layoress. the victi m eases to breathe. It is with the greatest pleasure I am able to say that til is year has exceeded all previous years in the n urn ber of Eyes arc \'ery del icate organs, conseq uentl y these awards, the actual figures being 116. There is no 11 )ne but a doctor, and preferably a specialist, doubt whatever that this steady increase in the number s hou Id altem [It to remove foreign su bstances imof First Aiders in the Reserve is due to the personal interest shown to all ranks by our Chief ;\ledical Officer, Captain hedded in the eyeball. To insert a loop of horse.\. C. \\ hite Knox, ;\LC., ;\1. B_ ; hardly a single practice ha ir lind r the lid Inay lacerate or infect the eyeevening passing without his attendance and supervision. As ha ll. The usc of a sharp tooth pick or match is lIon. Secretary, I know that my work has enormous ly incq uall y dangerous. Yet these drastic methods creased since he joined us, but the work has become quite a l 1Cl VC hecl1 rccom mended, and horsehai r has been pleasure with his personal interest and appreciation. 1 ow lhat \\-e also ha\'e Captain F. E. Bendix, L.R.C.P. , 111 ' Iuded in some Ilr t aid kits. There are ways of ;\1. R. C. S., with us as Asst. Hon. 1. 0., the future of the ~d ti ng- rid of un i111 beddcd foreign particles from First .\id and Am bulance section of the Reserve is absoth e cyehall, but all are gentle \\ays. lutelyassured. Surg·cons in industrial plants wht.;re men work To add to all this, we have been greatly hop-oured as First Aiders in the admittance of our Commandant, v... G. un der a high degr c of heat ha\'e added much to Lovell, Esq., O.B.E., as an Officer in the Order of St. John ~h e kI1owlcdgt.; of methods of preventing heat of J erusalem _ :\1r. Lovell has many interests in hospital prostration _ They ha\'e learned that salt does not work, and though not actuall) himself a First Aider, he ha 'la rden tht.; artcrie and raise bloo I pressure; and al ways shown the greatest interest and has gi\-en the utmost encouragement to us in our work, a matter I am able to tha t "alt given as a preventive of prostration re::.peak of personally and with gratefulness. places tht.; salt lost through perspiration. It is well This year has also seen a new departure from the to know that cold drinks after a full meal bring on annual summer outing, in the shape of an annual supper of l'I"Qstralion \\ hen one ' uf[ers from the heat. In the the First Aid and Ambulance sectiun. \\Te had this as reatment of unstr ke, a far different but more recently as October 5th at our own headquarters, and I must, without hesitation, submit that it ,,'as an unqualified la ngerous condition, doctors do not usually put success. "\'e had hoped that our Deputy Asst. Comdt., th e patient in i e water but in tepid water. The Mr. G. T. Foxon, would have been able to be with us as the II.:ed Inth of old is rarely utilised. guest of the evening, but throug-h business he was unable to attend, and Sir Dudley Pryke (Group Commander, <CD" Accident tatistics sho\\" that safety methods Division), who is himself a qualified First Aider, "ery genan d appliances an I the instruction of employees erously accepted the il1\'itation in Mr. Foxon's absence. tha t they be thoughtful, and hence careful, have Captain A. C. v\ hite Knox took the cllair, and was sup\ err materially reduced the hazards of industry. rorted by the Chief Staff Officer, Capt:tin A. ]. Roberts; \ [any occupations formerly regarded as extremely Commander J. H. Sully, Divisional Commander G. T. Bullock, and many other officers and men, to the number of ha/.ardous by i nsu rancc concerns are no longer so 62, were present A very excellent concert followed, and cl assed because the workers have been instructed during an interval the chairman gave a most encouragi ng in 11 rs t aid. speech and resume of the year's work. The "B" Division . \Vhen it is considered that annually 35,000 team, who were the ·w inners of the "Sir "Vm. Smith" Cup, were present, and its captain, Asst. Sergt. Hammond, rela talities are due to motor vehicles, 30,000 to falls, sponded to the toast bu rns and (;-as poisoning in the home, and 20,000 I must not omit to record that special thanks are due to to drowning-s, and 15,000 to all other causes, it is Staff-Sergt. T. Barnes and Sergt. Elvin for their valued ev ident that the person not engaged in industries assi tance and the help they afforded me in my efforts to runs the greater risk. Every motorist on the road make the event a success and memorable one in the records of the City of London Police Resen-e, First A.id and Ambuand every housewife in the home should be able to IBncc Section_ deal with emergencies pendi ng the arrival of the CEClL G. EMERY, Hon_ Sec. & Asst. COl11dr. doctor, doing the right thing in an emergency may save life. The course in first aid has, since 1910, been We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretaries a part of the peace-time programme of the American and others with specimen copies of this Journal for P ed Cross. It antedates the "safety-first movedistribution among their members. AJlply to the ment" and was the beginning of a life conservation movement of increas in g ly cumulative results. Publishers, FIRST AID, 40 Cannon St., London E.C.4.

J\mbulance News.

FIR S T

Tile S t.

Brigade

f ohn

October, 193Q.

A 10.

out exceedingly well. g uidancc.

Ambulance

Dt'strlct Reports.

No. I. (Prince of Wales's) District . D"\GE::\"IL\~l.- The weekly meetings of the Dagenham Diyisions were resumcd at the beginning of September, the C;enior Diyi ion mcetin o' on Tuesday at 8 p.m., and the Cadet on Tbur day at 7 p.m. During ~cptember t\\·o ,\'eek-end Cadet Camps ,yere hcld, both at Bo\\ cr Farm, Hayering-atte-BO\yer. The former \\'a in conj unction \\'ir h tbe Camping Club of C.B. and 1., of which the Di\'ision is a member. Supt. E. Ho\\'ard' and Cadet Officer H. ::\lulligan attended both Camps. A goodly number of Cadets were present and thoroughly enj oyed them elyes. . . On September 29th, the second Annual CompetitIOn for the Dagenham Inter-School Cadet First Aid Trophy was held, Supt. J. R. B. Andrews kindly judging. Three ~chools entered teams, which ,yere placed as follows: 1. Green Lane; 2, Alibon Road; 3, Hunter Hall Road. The te t on the \\'hole was \yell carried out, although more attention is required to detail, and the Cadets haye not \ et learned to yisualise 110n-exi tent injuries and "act" their part. ::\1r. P. OliYer, Hon. Sec. of the B.R.C.S. Blood Tran fu ion Sen'ice, has kindly consented to give a cinematograph lecture at H.Q. on October 20th, and it is hoped that a large audience will be pre ent. A Course of Lectures in Fir t Aid has been arranged, to commence on October 2-+th, at Torth Street Schools, Hornchurch. The Competition for the Cadet Cup takes place in October, and it is hoped to arrange the Competition for the D. D. HO\yard Trophy for the senior Diyision to take place during :t\oyember.

SOUTllEH::\" H.. \IL"'"\Y CORPs.-The joint sections of this Corps held an "Ambulgamia" on Saturday, September 11th. at the Forest IIill and Sydenham Social Club. This was the first Yenture, and although the support "as not as good as was expected) those responsible are to he congratulated on its success. The main feature during the afternoon were the First Aid competitions [or Ambulance and Nursing teams. Thc scenc of action was a country fair, at which members of the Brigade were on duty in an improvised cinema. During thc performancc an aeroplane crashes into the fairground and each team had to deal with the casualties. Thc J lldges for thc eycnt were Dr. Hugh Dunlop (men) and Lady District Officer ::\liss Grindley (women). Following the competitions, the side-shows were well patronised, and just before dusk the prize distribution was held in the ground,>. !\Ir. B. Steyens (President of the Club) presided, supported by the J\layor of J3ermondsey (Coun. J. Lynch, J.P.) and the Mayoress, Couns. Hard~ng. and Mrs. Re~d, District Officer Claridge, Lady DIstrict Officer MiSS Grindley, Corps Supt. A. J. Green, Corps Supt. Kersley and other officers of the Brigade. Corps Supt. Green) who was in charge of the day's proceedings, announced the results as follows :-Nurses : 1, Lewisham, 148; 2, Victoria No.1, 129; 3, Victoria No. 2, 128}. J\len: I, Bricklayer's Arms No. I, 344; 2, Brick-

Octobe r, 1932.

layer's Arms No.2, 29.-t; 3, vYoolwich, 2)U; 4, Lc\\'i ham) 281. The :;\Iayor prcsent d the cups and prizes to tJ:c \'arious team) and congTatulated the member ' on thclr el f-sacrificing \\'ork. . Following the prize-gi\'ing) dancll1g' on the lawn wa' held, music by the \\7 ool\\'ich Town Band, who al 0 pla~'cd selections during: the afternoon, and latcr indoor danCIngin the laro'e h~l1 to music supplied by Bert \Yi eman' Orchestra. The fo11o\\'in o werc the officials: Corp ·'llPt. . J, Green (in charge); Corp npt. Kersley ( hid of taCrs); Steward, Corps Officer trallon ( ursing), Corps Officer Butler (Ambulance); and Corps Officer Millcr ( ol11petition Secretary). T

No. III. f) ist.-ict. GRESLEY.-On'unday, 'cptcmber 18th, the hurch Gre ley Di\'iion celehrated it· l:th allllinrsary. Member of thc Di\'i, ion paradcd uncleI' 'llPt. . E. Atkins and marched to the Park ::\1cthodi t Church, where thc Re\,. E. T. Bishell conduct cl thc ·cn'icc. Attendin o ' the serYice wcre represl'ntati\'cs of the Police) Friendly Societie , Briti h Lcgion, Boy, couts and Cubs, and al 0 member of the wadlincotc U.D.C.., includin a the Chairman (COUll. A. Plummcr,. J.P.). D~uing' the lifc of the Di\'ision o\cr 5)500 casc' have bcen dealt with and 1,171 mcn and \\ omen com'cyed tu hospital. J\1ALVERN.-A Field Day \vas held on 'aturday) September 17th, at l\Ialvcrn. The J\lalvern Diyision paraded undcr Amb. Officer Bond; 'Malyern Wells under lIon. ergt. G. 'calc; \Vorcester Diyision under Supt. \V. T. B. K uell and Amb. Officer F. Dance. Dr. F. L. Newton (1\1alyern Divisional Surgeon) welcomed the .visitors, among whom were A t. Com. F. F. Le SOUd-Sll11pson) Corps upt. Capt. Frank Somers and Div. Supt. Flllloway (Droitwich). Dr. Mills (Vlorccster) and Dr. Fairlie Clarke (l\lalvcrn Viells) \\ ere also present and watchcd the operations closely. Following the roll call came squad and stretcher drill, after v"hich the parade fell in under Supl. Nuell. Dr. ewton informed the men that a message hac! been receiyed from a Police Superintcndent stating that he required assistance in dealing with a number of casualties resulting from a hop-pickers' brawl on (C onesuch Farm" half a mile away. The script of this bit of makebeliev'e stated: "Tbe farm is on the telephone, and is six miles from a police-station and fourteen miles from a hospital. Weather and time as at present." Ambulance men immediately set off, and after encountering obstacles, including a not-to-be-hurried farmer, reach the scene of the accident and attended the inj uries. Meanwhile, to give more work, a motor car "accident" was staged at another location. After tea Mr. F. F. Le Souef-Simpson addressed the gathering and congratulated them on the work done. Dr. Newton, who spoke also on behalf of Dr. Fairlie Clarke and Dr. Mills, said the First Aid work was carried

FIRST He gavc some hints for future

STOURBRIDGE.-The Annual Competition for the (C C. II. Parsons'" Cup and accompanying prizes took place on Saturday, Octobcr 8th, at the Brotherhood Hall, Stourbridae. Diy. Surgeon J. H. impkiss (Team Tests) and Corps ~ ccretary P. H. chofield (Individual Practical Tc t ) officiated as J udg-es. Amongst those present were Di". Supt. H. Baker) S.B., Officers C. Davies and F. V. Smith, Police ,upi. \V. F. 1ilsol11, Tn p. A. Horton (~ridlanc1 Reel 'Bus Co.) and Dr. C. F. Keane. Three tlam of fh'c men competed, and a very keen and friendly compctition rc ulled as follows: "A" Team (CarpI. J. W. Thatcher in charge), 173~ marks; "C" Tcam (StaffSergi. \\'. E. \Vca \'cr), 163 marks; and (CE" Tcam (Corpl. \\'. Cmnew), 160 marks. The" ca e" et hy Dr. Simpkiss \Va a uppo ed motor-cycle accident. in which the rider had. l1stained a compound-complicated fracture of the left leg and wa conCll eel. Marks wcre awardcd for treatl1lcnt 011 the pot and COI1\'cyance to ho pital on stretcher. The practical tests set hy the Corps ecrctary were good l sIs 0 f thc competitor' gencra1 knowledge of Fir t Aid. After the prizcs had been presented by 11rs. Simpkiss, all at dowll to an exccllent tea prepared by the wives of mcmher . Pte. \V. II. IIarpcr. who holds the Service Medal of the Order. has r cent1y been notified of his promotion to :c rg-cant in thc Di\·ision.. to filJ the vacancy created by he death of the ,cteran Ambulance worker, ergt. (;co rge IT. Bro\\ 11, il1 -:'Ira), Ja t. The promotion takes rFfect from eptemher 20th la 1. and is wcll deseryed.

A I D.

the week was taken up by physical training before breakfast and drill, practical work and lectures from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. daily, The members were free for the afternoons, and full advantage was taken of the splendid facilities for bathing. On Tuesday, at 11 a.m.) the camp was inspected by District Officer W . Still, who, having inspected the tents, etc., inspected a full parade, after which he addressed the officers and members and complimented them on their smart appearance. On Wednesday thc preliminary round for the (( Welfare Shield)J was held. Ten teams competed, and the four teams to enter the final, which is to be held at Askern later, ate F.156, 1.155, B.152 and J,145. On T!Iursday evening the members held a concert in the marquee. On Friday afternoon sports were held. The prize for the best-kept tent, awarded by District Officer Still, \vas won by o. 6 Tent in charge of Corpl. Machin. It was well recognised that everyone had thoroughly enjoyed the respite, and on behalf of the N.C.O.'s and men Staff-Sergt. S. Robinson accorded hearty thanks to the Superintendent and officers for the excellent way in which eyerything had been arranged. On Sunday, September 18th) the Corps attended Divine Service at the Askern Parish Church) this being the last of the summer church parades for the year. After the service Corps Supt. Evans presented Sergt. \Vray, of Askern Division, \\'ith the second Bar to his Service }, Iedal, and also Sergt. Padfield with his Service Medal.

\VOL\'ERIL\\fPTO'li.-Oycr 300 members from ten South tafford hire Divi<;ions attended the nnllal Parade and Ins pection, which took place at the \Vc.t Park, \Volverha mpton. The \ ariou' Divisions a cmhled at the l\Iarket Place an d marched to the \Vc. t Park. headed by the band of tl,e 6th ,outh tafforclshire Reg-iment under Bandmaster 1 . R. Bellringcr. Foll()\\ ing the in pection, the parade was addressed 1 \ Iajor Orton and the l\Iayor of \Volverhampton (Ald. 1 Haddock), who \\a accompanied hy the Mayoress, the ] )eplity l\1ayor ( leI. Alan Da\'ies) and other member of Ihe Corporation. Major Orton offered his congratulations on the " lendid increase in thc number of the outh Staffordshirc ] )I\·i ions, and he also presented long' sen·ice medals to 1 iv. upt. taniford (L.l\L . Divi iOll) Wal'all) and . crgt. Challens (Tamworth).

IIEFFIELD.-The Annual Inspection of the J\Iillhouses) L.l\I. S. Loco. Diyisiol1, took place on October 1st. Corps Supt. Hamer Russell was the inspecting officer, and he also distributed the awards gained at the last examination. Corps upt. Ru sell congratulated the Division on their smartness and efficiency, and stated it was a real pleasure to be present. He emphasised the importance of all members continuin a to take that keen interest in Ambulance work) which is of such yaluable service to the community as a whole. He complimented the Divisional Team which had won the following trophies: "John l11ith JJ Ambulance hielcl, Pilkington (Chesterfield) Cup, and" Dr. Brown' Cup. Div. Supt. J. Gib on al 0 addressed the parade. Amb. Officer E. Matthews proposed a ,"ote of thank to Corps Supt. Ru ell, which Sergt. J. Bagshaw ·cconded.

No. VIII. (Duke of Connaught's) District. ]\Jo. V. District. ASKERN.-The A kcrn Main Corps held a week' !TIp, the first for many years) at Hornsea. The party C In sisted of over 100, under the command of Corps Supt. (' Evans, other officers present being Corps. Officer A. W. Frec (adj utant), Div. Supts. A . B. Williams and A. Sud\\ orth, Amb. Officers Smith and Callows, Sergt.-major B )Wen and Bandmaster H. Neild. On Sunday the members paraded to the Parish Church for the service at 11.0 a.m., the preacher being the Rev. Walter Hollis, Vicar of Hornsea, and special mention was made of the valuable service rendered by the members of The Order of St. John. After the Church Parade, Corps Supt. Evans presented the Long Service Medal of the Order to Amb. Offi cer Smith and the Good Conduct Medal Clasp of the Royal Naval Sick Berth Reserve to Sergt. C. W. Wray. Commencing on Monday morning, the remainder of C

SITTmGBOlJR TE .- The dedication service of the new Ambulance of the Brigade in Sittingbourne was held on unday, October 2nd. A church parade had been organised by Dist. Secretary H. J. Wrigglesworth and \'arious units paraded under Supt. L. R. DeIlCe. Those on parade included Dist. Officcr J. Robin on) Supts. vV. G. Ray (Greenstreet), B. T. Beaumont (Deddinaton), Amb. Officers J, Robinson, J. L. Prior. Lady Dist. Supt. Mrs. Falwasser and Lady Diy. Supt. Mrs. Dobbie were also prc ent. Headed by the Bugle Band of the Jorthfleet and Gra\'esend Division, the parade marched to Holy Trinity Church, where a lar o'e congregation had assembled. Com. E. A. Richards and Mrs. Richards were here present, as were also members of the District Council. The service was conducted by the Vicar (the Rev. J, H. Roundhill), whilst the Rev. \ V. Henry Wrigley (Sittino'bourne Congregational Church) read the lessons. After the service the parade formed a hollow square,

FIRST

and Councillor H. D. Orram, Chairman of the Council, handed oyer the new ambulance to Mr. E. A. Richards, who, in turn, handed it over to the Sittingbourne Division. The \ icar offered the dedication prayer, and the service was brought to a close with the Benediction. . At a tea which followed) Supt. Dence, who preslded, extended a welcome to the visitors and gave a short hi tory of the Division. Commissioner Richards expressed his pleasure at being present, and presented Long Service Bars to District Officer Potts (third), Amb. Officer Robinson, Sergt. Bishop and CorpI. Baker. Councillor Orram and the Rev. J. H. Roundhill also expressed their pleasure and appreciation of the work done by the Division. HASLE1IERE.-Although only a small town} Haslemere can boast of an Ambulance Division which is very much aliye. In the spring of this year they erected a roadside hut, which has been put to good use. As will be seen by the

accompanying illustration} it is on wheels like a caravan (to comply with the local bye-laws). Externally it is coyered with corrugated iron) painted white with black linings, the inside being lined with plywood, enamelled white finish. Good work is done by the members at fetes, carnivals alld the like, and four local football teams are supplied with an Ambulance man at every home match.

Evening classes for women in first aid to the injured and sick are to be held at the Kettering Stamford-road Evenin cy School, under the auspices of the S.] .A.A. b '3

•

The Shrewsbury Centre of the S,J.A.A. announces that first aid classes for men and Rover Scouts, will be held every Wednesday at 7.30 p.m., at the Hut. St. Julian's Friars.

When you write to any of our Advertisers kindly mention FIRST AID. It dosen't cost you anything and it pleases the Advertisers, and Us

October, 1952.

A I D.

No . .( (Lancashire) District, S.J.A.B. ANNUAL

CO l FERENCE.

TIlE first conference of lhis District, under its new name, was held at CaIne on September 24th. The Chief Of1-l.cers were entertained to lunch at the Town lIall by the i\Iayor (Councillor J. King) and the Conference followcd in the Municipal Hall. Prior to the Conference an inspection of the members of the Colne Corps took place. Commissioner V\T. G. Smith, O. B.E., of Li\'erp'Jol, presided, and he was supported by the following-: Ex- '0111missioner C. J. Trimble, C.B., C. l.G. , of Preston; the Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief Dr. N. Corb t Fletcher, ~l. .\., 1\l.B., Assistant Commissioner Dr. F. de B. Pim, A i tant Commissioner I axwell Reek-ie, O.B.E., J.P., :\ itant Commissioner Iajor Pooley, I. R. C. ., Lady Di "t rict upl. Ir . Tweedale, C. B. E., Col. V.l. Challoner, . B. E., J. P., County Commissioner for Cheshire, lr. \Y. IIarris, Di trict Treasurer, District OA1cer Cleal, Di trict ecrctary, Col. C. H. S. Redmond, l\l.R.C.S., l\1ajor l\Iack nsie: 1\1..\., M.D., Captain R. J. Poston, l\1.B., Dr. R. Clegg, :\I.R.c. ., Dr. A. R. Taylor, l\I. D., ~lr. \V . H. Ga kell, D. .:'It., B. c., Corps Surgeon and Supt. Col. Leyland rlon,:\ 1. R. . . , Corps Supt. "'. Heap, Supt. J. Hall. The Mayor ga.\'e an official ,-\'elcome lo the Cl)nfcrenCl" and hoped that the proceedings would be succe sful. Ir. \V. laxwell RecJ..;:ie, in moving- a \'otc of thank" (I) the ~layor, gave a record of the town of olnc. Mr. Tweedale seconded the proposition. After the minutes of the la t Conference, 1\£1". ITarri" gave the financial statement. The Chairman then called upon the Assistant urg-eonin-Chief to speak, and in the cour e of his speech Dr. Corbet Fletcher stated that no District had a finer record than Lancashire, and he was proud of the good work of Col. Trimble and Dr. Pim. The old No. -+ District had a great influence with the Government in getting the Brigade recognised as a public service. The peaker gay particular of the work in the Brigade of Col. Trimble and Dr. Pim, both of whom have many years service to their credit. Speaking on the The Order, Dr. Fletcher stated that fro111 the mere handful of men who commenced the Brig-ade the numbers had now grown to 65,000 men and women at home and 15,000 overseas. On the motion of Col. Redmond. seconded by Capl. Poston, a hearty vote of thanks was accorded Dr. Corbet Fletcher for his address. Supt. D. Hall introduced the question of a presentation to Mrs. Tweedale, who has been secretary of the South-East Lancashire Corps for 25 years. Col. Trimble suggested that the whole of 0.4 District should participate and £91 8s. 3d. was coJIected. The presentation took the form of a sil ver trophy, which Mrs. Tweedale intended for District competitions, and a silver tray on which was the eight-pointed cross and the family crest of Mr. and Mrs. Tweedale on the reverse. The trophy bears the figure of an ambulance man rendering first aid, and on the other side an ambulance sister treating a patient. Col. C. ]. Trimble, in making the presentation, eulogised Mrs. Tweedale's services, and gave particulars of her great work to the Nursing Services. Mrs. Tweedale, who was deeply moved, said she greatly appreciated the gifts. She wished to make the new No. 4 District as strong as the old. To her ambulance work was a practical part of Christianity, for it was trying to help others. Col. Trimble expressed thanks for his wife his daughter and himself for a number of beautiful pr~sents made to him from the District 111 August last. The presents

October, 1932.

FIR S T

con isted of three silver-g-ilt fruit dishes, a pen for himself and a wristlet walch for his wife. Commi ioner \N. G. Smith, in the course of an address, said that at the commencement of the year their District \Va made up of 133 ambulance corps and divisions, 29 ambulance cadet divisions, 95 nursing divisions, and 21 Ilursing and cadet divi ions, a tolal of 278. Up to date this year they had registered four new corp, 15 ambulance divi ion, three ambulance cadet corp, and two nursingdivision, making- a lolal of 2-+ new unit of various kind~. At the end of last year they had S, 160 ll1elll bers of corps and division, 607 ambulance cadet member, 2,463 nur ing member, and 5-+0 nur ing cadet, making a total of 8,788 l1l~mber. \Vith the new corp and divi ions this year they were well o\er the 9,000 rr~ark. lIe thought those fis-ures showed that they were gOll1g forward. There were four ne,,- di\' ision in the proc S5 of formation. lIe thanked all rank~ for their kindne~s in helping him, and he would particu larly like to mention their Di trict secretary, ~1r. leal, who had had additional \\"ork through the plitting up of

AID.

1\J rs. Tweedale suggested that the District miKht try to get the name of lhe Duke of Lancaster District. On the motion ( f Major 1ackenzie, seconded by :\1r. \;V. H. GastalJ, a hearty vote of thanks was accorded the officers and mem bers of the CaIne Corps for their splendid work in arranging the conference and for their hospitality. Supt. W. Heap brieRy respondcd. The Conference stood in silence for a few moments in memory of their departed comrades, and the gathering was brough t to a close by the singing of the ational Anthem. After the Conference, tea was provided for the delegates in the Co-operaHve Cafe and the Co-operative Hall. T

---.~.----

For your next dance, whist drive or other social e\'ent do not forget to order copie of the posters advertised in this J ournal. 3

•

Classes in first aid and home nursing for men and women have been arranged by the Oxford Centre of the

Photographer] [Eric D'-xo71, i'lelso1l. Officers at the No. 4 (Lancashire) Di trict Annual Conference. Seated (fr0111 left): Col. \V. Chaloner, O. B. E., J. P. (District Treasurer), County Com.missioner for Cheshire' ASSl.-Commission~r .W. l\laxwell. Reekie, O.B.E., J.P.; Lady District Supt. Irs. Tweedale, C.B.E., J.P.: A.R.R.C.; COml11lSSIOner \V. SmIth, O.B.E.; The l ayor of Colne (Councillor J. King); Col. C.]. Trimble c.~., C.M.G. (lat~ Con;missioner) Inspe~ti~g Officer No.4 D.istrict; Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, l\I.A., 1\1. B.: ASSIstant Surgeon-ln-CllIef; Asst.-CommiSSIOner F. E. de B. P1I11, L.R.C.P., 1\1.R.C.S. ; Asst.-Commissioner E. B. Pooley, 1.R.C.S. j District Treas urer \,v. Harris. Standing: District Officers A. R. Taylor, l\J. D., R. Clegg, .M. R.C. S., Capt. R. ]. Poston, I.B., ]. H. Cleal (District Secretary), Col. C. H. S. Redmond, 1.R.C.S., l\lajor 1\lackenzie, M.A., l.D. , W. H. GastaIl, D. C. 1., B. Sc., and Corps Supt. W. Heap (CaIne Corps). tl c old No. + District and the organising of the new r strict. He wished to express to him, on behalf of the whole District, his heartfelt thanks for the plendid ,"oluntary work he had given to the District and the Order. The Commissioner replied to points raised in correSpondence by various units, an d Mrs. Tweedale made a statement regarding nursing units, V.A.D's and cadets. She said there v, ere 1,477 V.A.D. members in Lancashire. Divl. Supt. T. J. Edwards, of the Ramsbottom Division, gave a short address on "The Need for a National HighW;\ys First Aid Service." An invitation to hold the 1933 Conference in Liverpool was accepted.

S.J.A.A. Full particular of l\Ir. H. 1\1. Hinds, hon. secretary, 27, Warnborough-road, Oxford. A new invention which may save many E\'es is described in the Vossisclze ZeilulIg-. It consists of what is described as "canned oxygen," the gas being chemically fixed in in such a way that il may be carried about or stored in the form of briquettes contained in tins. :\. briquette will gi\'e on" ox.) gen steadily for hours and it is suggested that colliers, submarin~ cre\ys, a~d other workers who are exposed to the risk of death from asphyxiation may always have an oxygen briquette at hand.

FIR S T

A I D.

October, 1932.

Przory for Wales. I\E\\'PORT ( ION. ) CORPS

I 'SPECTrO ' .

The Hon. J ohn H. Bruce (Commi sioner for \Vales), accompanied by the Hon. 1\1rs. Bruce and the Deputy Commi sioner for 'W ales, l\1r. A. G. E. J. Fudge, inspected the ewport ( ~l on.) Corps on Sunday, September 11th, at the 1\ e\\'port Ru gby Football Ground, where a number of interested spectators gathered, a nd among those present were the l\layor of Newport (Co uncill or Griffith J. Jones), Pre ident of the Borough of Newport Centre of the Priory for \Vales; Dr. S. 1\lcCormac, Borough Commissioner; ~1r. \V. J. T. Collins, H ono rary President of the Corps; :'lr. R. \Vilson Bartlett, ex Commissioner for l\Ionmouthshire; the Chief Constable of Newpo rt (M r. 'v\T. H. Robinson); Dr. S. Hamilton, Dr. \V. V erner, Dr. \V. J. Roche, 1\1r. A. Ernest J ones, Centre Treasurer; Ir. G. Campbell O!i\'er, Centre Secretary; Staff Offi cer G. R. Rowlands, Corps Treasurer H orace Lyne, 1\1. B. E., ir. Charles 'Wilson and 1\1r. T. J. Young. The Corps, of whom there was a particularly good muster, including a strong Cadet Diyision, paraded under Corps Supt. George Storey; and after the in spectio n performed mm'ements of drill a nd demon s trated practical first aid and the transport of patients, to the entire satisfaction of the Inspecting officer. Diyisions on parade were N ewport Railway, under Divisional Supt. A. J. Powell; Newport Alexandra Docks, Divisional Supt. T. J. Raines; Newport High Street Railway, Diyisional Supt. J. Bellew; Newport Police Division, Inspector H. C. Biss; Newport Town Di vision, Divisional Supt. D. R. Webb; Newport Cadets, Ambulance Officer Stanley J nnes . Other officers on parade were Ambulance Officers S. J. :\lorrish, I vor Creswell, Corps Sergeant-Major T. :'larshall a nd the following reser ve officers: Divisional Su pts. Charles Hopkins, George Hopkins and Ambulance Officer H. Brown. The Commissioner for W a les presented to Divisional Supt. J. Bellew a bar to the Service Medal, after twenty years' ser\'ice ; while S ervice ledals for fifteen years' service were handed to Di visional Supt. A. J. Powell, Ambulance Officer S. Jo nes, and Corporal]. H. Moxley. At the close of thc in spection, the Hon. John H. Bruce expressed his pleasure at what he had seen, though he rather regretted that the attenda nce was not more in proportion to the full strength of the Brigade. Newport was, he said, a stronghold of the Great 'v\Testern R a ilway Centre of the Association, an d had a fine record in team competition work. He paid a compliment to the smartness of the cadets; and c.ongratulated the Corps upon the fact that during the past year there had been more than 570 instances in which first aid had been given by members. The D eputy Commissioner presented medals to men who had done fiftee n years' service or more, and a bar to holders of medals; and the Hon. Mrs. Bruce presented certi ficates to the cadets . All those on parade were entertained to tea in the gymnasium, where Borough Commissioner Dr. McCormac presided. The Pres ident of the Newport Corps, on behalf of the Brigade expressed the thanks of all to the Hon. John Bruce and II rs . Bruce for their attendance. In response, the Chief Commiss ioner mentioned he was trying to cover the whole of the gro und, and had just returned from North Wales. He had formed a general impression of the Brigade which was very inspiring. It was a very fine torce indeed. He had been in touch with the big industria lists, who told him that in their opinion the Brigade members in the coal

districts represented the pick and flower of th ir workmenthe most r eli 3.ble, the 1110 t di ciplined men, who we re a lway ready to len d a h and wh en occasio n a ro. c. Among the railwaymen men one hea rd the ame thin!t. 1 mbers of th e Brigade fulfilled a very definite function of citi zen hip in a most adequate m a nn er. Th e inspectio n that afternoon had added to his confidence, :'Jnd he wou ld like the three towns of Newport, Cardiff and Swan ea to g- i\'e the lead in a dvnn cin g amb ul ance wor k. Mr. Bruce congratulated Dr. l cCormac uron the s uccess of his fi r t year of office a Borough omml __ loner, a nd paid tribute to nlr. Campbell Oli,' r, \\'ho had agreed to accept the oiTlce ot Sub-Colllllli ioner, and to cIo e the proceedings, the Pres ident of th orps, ~Jr . \\'. J . T . oll in s, presented medals, labels and certificate. to a large numher of the rank and file for ucces es in the examinat ion, COl\lPETITION AT TYLORSTO\\'N.

The second annual competition held under the auspice. of the T ylorstown Ambulance Divi sion took place at th Ambulance Trai nin g Centre, on eptember 24th, ",hen six teams competed for the "Dan R obert . B. :'IIemorial" Challenge Shield. Th e trophy and fir. t pri? \\' re won by TO. 5 T eam (capt. T. K enyon). and the second pri/.e \\' nt to No.2 team (capt. J . G. Da\'ie). The Prc<.;ident, Ir. Gwil ym J e nkins, 1. E., c.omplimented the teams on their efficient work. H e gave the hi tory of thehield and COI11mented u pon the unique pioneering efforts of the Ide I\lr. Dan R oberts to foster and promote the ambulanc mo\'ement in the di trict. Hi s appo in tment a a en'ing Brother of the Order an d steady promotion to Corps rank were flUing recognition of enthu siastic and de\'oted en'ice, which the "Dan Roberts" sh ield 'vvould keep fie h in their memory. The Pres id ent presented the t rophy and prizes and distributed other awards and efficiency ce rtifi cates . A vote of than k ' to the J udg-es- Dr. J . E. Brereton and Dr. E. G. :\10rris- \\'as mo ved by Supt. J. S. Jon es a nd second ed by.'\mbulance Offi cer VV. ]. Da vies . Mr. W. R . 1\Iorgan pre id ed at th e tea and social evenin g which followed and a very enj oyable evening was spent. NEW

P EMBROKESI-IIRE

D E\,ELOPi\IE1'IT.

Th e amb'llance mo vement at Good.vick and Fi h gua rd was honoured by a visit from the Prin cipa l Secreta ry and Commiss ioner for W a les, the Hon. John Bru ce, who was accompanied by the Hon , Mrs. Bru ce, Lieut. -Col. Bi cke rton Edwards, C B.E., Commi ss ion e r for Pembrokes hire; 1\1rs. Bickerton Edwa rds, Mr. Daniel D a niels, of Ffyn o ne, exchairman of the Glamorgan County Council, and a director of the Anthracite Colliery Company. Th e di stingui shed guests were welcomed by Dr. L. H. T rry, the honorary lecturer of the local classes, and Mr. G. H. Pointer, the enthusiastic cl ass secre tary and instructor, who has recently accepted office in the Brigade as Superintendent of the strong Division of boy Cad ets. Unfortunately, rain fell heavily at th e appointed time for the inspection, but the cadets turned out in their new uniforms and presented a very smart appearance as they paraded in charge of Cadet Supt. G. H. Pointer and Cadet Officers L. Collins and G. H. Taylor. They were inspected by the Han. John Bruce, who also took the salute as the cadets very smartly marched passed in column formation. During the course of a most interesting address subsequently given in the Ambulance Hall, the Hon. John Bruce congratulated the cadets on their smart appearance and urged them to continue in the good work which the)' had

FIRST

October, 1932.

begun so well. They had now nearly 2,000 ca dets in vVales, and the Brigade numbered over 9,000 st rong-. He appealed to th e boy at GOCJd\\'ick, who had the honour of forming- the first cadet unit in the county of P (,lllb roke, to consider it a privilege to belo ng to the Brigade; and co ncluded by pay ing a triking tribute to the exce ll ent work done by Dr. T erry, 1\1r. Point er, :\lr. oIlin g-, and Mr. H. T ay lor. Later in the e\'eni ng a public meeting wa held at th e ,:\mbulance H a ll , presided over by Councillor G. Gwilym Evans, chairman of the Goodwick Council, who was supported by Dr. L. H. T rry, upt. G. H . Pointer, the Hon . John Bruce, 01. Bickerton Edwards, :'Ilr. D an iel D an iels, Irs. Bruce, t\[rs. Bickerton Edward and l\lrs. T erry. ,\ po logies for una\oidale ab ence were received from :'Ilajor Gw il ym Lloyd George, :\I.P., and ir Even D . Jon es, Hart, The Chairman, in a few 'yell cho en remark thanked the organi cr ' for the honour tlll'J' had conferred upon him in a king- him to pre ide o\er such an important meeting. The\ would hear all about the ambulance mO\'ement from the other speakers, but he coul d par a per onal tribute to the excel lent \\'ork done locally by Dr. L. H. Terry and the officers of th ambulanc clas ' . The movement would rece ive hi \\'holeheartedurport. Dr. L. I I. Terr) said a few words with regard to the examination held n.:cently f r the bor cadet and exp la ined that the laJies' cia . . . ., had \ cry successfully org-anised a Rag da\' to find the mOlle\ nece sar\' for the rro\ i ion of unitorm fo~ the adet L'nil. 'The doct;r ,-.]0 paid a high tribute to till' excellent \\'ork perforl11ed b) :\lr. Pointer and :\Ir. Len Colling-s, abn to the other helpers. tirring addre ses on the hi;,lory and \\'ork of the ambu I,lnce mmCl1lcnt were dl'1i,,?red by Col. Bickerton Edwards, the lI on. ] ohn Bruce, and :\[r. I)aniel Daniel a ll of whom also eulog-ised the good \\'ork performed by the local officer. ~Irs. Bruce then presented juniol' rin;t aid cert ificates to the cadel , and ~lrs, Bickerton Edwards handed Ir. Pointer hi diploma a<, tl en'ing Brother of the Order. Pcmbrokeshire may well be proud of lhe fact that the fir t two candidntes in \\'ale to qualify for cadet proficiency certi tical s ar cadets J. D. R. Ral ph and J. Ford who passed a te t in swimming on eplember 24th,

A I D.

lectured was in the spring of 1896. For many years he was honorary secretary of the Dominion Council, but this position he resigned on mo ving to Ottawa in 1909. One year later saw the reorganisation of the Canadian Branch by :\1r. Harold Boulter, with headquarters at Ottawa, and Col. Hodgetts was appointed to the Council and elected to the General Executive Committee; later he served in the capacity of honorary secretary' until the outbreak of the war in 1914. On being appointed Canadian Red Cross Commissioner O verseas, he resigned his secretaryship and acted as Commissioner of the Canadian Red Cross from October, 1914, to April, 1918, during which time he was a member of the British Joint Committee of British Red Cross and the Order of St. John.

Colonel C. A. Hodgetts, C.M.G., MD.,

D.P.H. TIlE ' to ] ohn Ambulance Association in Canada has lost an excellent worker. Col. Hodgetts, who has been Director General of the Canadian Branch since 1921, has resigned his post, the resignation taking effect from September 30th last. Col. Hodgetts has perhaps done more for the ambulance movement in Canada than any other person . In 1890 he was authorised by Sir Herbert C. Perrott, the then secretary of the S.J.A.A., to act on behalf of the Association with a view to startin g first aid classes in the city of Toronto, and as a resul t of his efforts the Ch ief of Police in Toronto established classes the following year, at which the Police Surgeon lectured. In 1895, Col. Hodgetts assisted Dr. G. Stirling Ryerson in organising the Ontario Centre, and in 1896 the Toronto Centre was formed. The first class in first aid at which Col. Hodgetts

Colonel C. A. Hodgetts, C.M.G., M.D., D.P.H.

On his return to Canada in 1918 he again resumed the duties of honorary secretary. On l\lay 16th, 1921, he was appointed Director General. For his work the Order of St. John made him an Honorary Associate in 1905, Esquire in 1910, Knight of Grace in 1911, and Honorary Life Member in the Association in 1910. The amount of work which he has done in the Canadian Branch can be better imagined when it is stated that 232,530 certificates and a'w ards have been issued since 1895, although during the first 15 years (1895 to 1909) only 2,159 awards were issued. We cannot do better than to close these few

FIR S T

lines lines of appreciation by giving an extract from an address delivered bv the late l\1r. Justice Orde at the annual meeting [n l\1arch, 1921 :"In the same way Col. Hodgetts' work has been . . . . invaluable to the Association . He has been a tower of strength to us. Only those who know what he has done in his quiet, persistent and energetic way can possibly appreciate how valuable his services have been."

The Roy al Life=5av ing Society. b: the September issue a description was given of the 1st

method of release and rescue, we now ha\·e to con ider the 2nd method, which would ha\·e to be applied when a wouldbe rescuer is clutched round the neck. Haying released themselves from this clutch, it is necessary to carry the subject, \\'ho may be struggling slightly, by the 2nd method of rescue, and so carry the person safely to the shore. The rescuer on approach, may possibly be clutched round the neck by the drowning person, and the first thing that must be done is to break the clutch and obtain com plete control over the subject. To do this the rescuer places the left hand in the small of the ubject's back, and pulling in as close as po sible, causes them to sink. l\t the same time the right hand is raised up, the arm stretched out, and the palm of the hand put underneath the chin, the nostrils being pinched in between the first and second fingers, then, wi th a firm push out\\·ards and downwards and a simultaneous pull with the left hand, the patient's head is forced back and under the water. The holding of the nose will cause the patient to open the mouth to breathe, but since the face is held under water gasping and choking will ensue, causing a relaxation of the grip round the neck and the reSCL:.er will be enabled to gain complete control, and by a quick grip of the shoulders twist the patient round so that the subject'S back is towards the rescuer, then, by gripping the t ..vo upper anns close to the elbows and raising them at right angles to the body, thc rescuer w111 swim on his or her back and tow the subject to safety. it is important to bear in mind that by merely placing the palm of the hand under the chin, gripping the nostrils, and then pushing away will be futile, as the drowning person will not be caused to sink under the water and so choke, but will only be pushed out of reach of the rescuer, with tIle result that another grip on the subject's part may be made almost immediately. The essential point to bear in mind is tbat tbe subject's mouth must be pushed under the water to ensure a condition being brought about, causing the mouth to be opened in an endeavour to obtain breath, the grip is then relaxed, thus enabling the rescuer to break the grip. The hold just above the elbows is known as the 2nd method of carrying and is applied when the subject has partially lost his or her head and struggles slightly by throwing the arms about. The important point in this method of carrying, is that the rescuer should place his or her own elbows on the hips and using the arms as levers with the body as a fulcrum, raise th subject's body so that the mouth is well out of the water. The grip is made by holding the underside of the subject's upper arm with the thumbs pointing upwards, by so doing a grip is obtained and the subject can only move the forearm, which would not be a source of great danger to the rescuer whilst carrying to the shore. The rescuer should make every effort to keep the head of the subiect well out of the water by resting it either on

A 10.

October, 1932.

the right or left shoulder, according to whichever may be the most comfortable position, and should then effect a carry using the back stroke, as described in the pre\'iou article. Accidents in the water are due to many causes, one of the most frequent is the foolhardiness of those who can swim a little, or who are OY r confident and do not reali c the hidden dangers as a good swimmer would probaby do. An instance of thi ha been brought to the notice of the Society during the past few days, when a young !{irl taying at a seaside resort on the south coast, had been warned by an carly morning bather who knew the treachery of the tides, not to go in on a particular day, Th sam )' ung person arrived next morning, and in spite of a imilar warning from the same bather, went in. The bather, in the meantime, had dre ell preparatory to returning home for business, but feeling that there was an element of danger, he fortunately remained a fe\\' minut . During thi period the young girl was carried by the undertow a distance of ome 30 or 40 yards from the hore, and immediately rut up a cry of help and then 10 t her head. vVithout a moment's he itation the young man plun1{ed in fully clothed and brought her afel), to the hore, and c\'entually took her home, little the wor for her ordeal. An instance such as thi shou1d bring home to r ader" of FIRST AID the importance of tudying the lIseful art of Life Saving, and the application of Resusitatioll, a at allY time they may be called upon to e!Tect a rescue uch as tha't described above.

Lincoln and District Ambulance Society . Tms ociet), continues to flouri _h, and is rapidly increa ing its number of members. During the past month mall)' accidents, mostly of a minor charactel-, ha\·e occurr d in the Lincoln district, and treatment ha been giyen by l11emb r of this Society. Duties haye been carried out 011 football, and other sports fields, a well as at se\eral place of amusement. Assistance has also been gi\'en to several schemes, organised to help the Lincoln County Hospital flnanciaJly. The Society's Social Committee has worked arduously, and has received a 1arge amount of support from the general public. Local artistes ha\'e also assisted \. ry materially by giving their services, all for the good of the cause; and social c,·enings have been, and arc bing held, each Friday at Odd Fellow's Hall, Lincoln, which is the Society'S beadquarters. A first aid class is being carried on each Thursday, with an average attendance of 70. The lectures are gi\'en by Dr. J. P. Logan, L.R,C.P. &S., who is a vice-president of the Society. After each lecture a short discussion takes place. These classes are very popular, and the Society considers itself yery fortunate in haying such a splendid lecturer as Dr. Logan.

----. - . - - Ten year" have been spent on the preparation of the latest edition of the B1'itis/L Plzarmacopa'z"a, officially published by the Gem:ral Medical Council. The last edition appeared in 1914, and the next one will appear in 1940. The book describes the standard specifications and measurements of all drugs used in medicine, and considerable pains are taken to see that none of the new formul<-G leak out prematurely.

"THE PLUMBER &

JOURNAL OF

HEATING, "

monthly) is THE paper for all progressive trades men -Publishing Office: -46, Cannon Street E.C.4. IS.

October, 193 2.

FIR S T

A I D.

Ratlway Ambulance News. Great Western. The Centre crelary announce that the General l\f anager' periodical circular on the subj ~ct of ambulance cIa:; e ' , etc., has been revised, and copies can no.w be obtained by members of the staff de iroLls of tak1l1g a co ursc of fir t aiel instruction on application to their respectivc Di\'i iOllal ' ecrLlaflc. . . The annual circular regarding the serIes of first aid CU I1l 11ctition , which \\ill take place in the spring of the ) car, is al ·o ill coursc of reyiioll, and this will shortly be similarly availablc. '.\RDIFF. - The annual social gathering of ambulance "nrker at ardiff took placc on the evening of Thursday, October 6th. at the 1\ sembi), Rooms, ity IIall, under th e prcsicicnc) of 'ouncillor ~IcCale, who \Va supported ,1l11 0 n~ others b)' '\lr ' . ~1cCal c , Councillor George Ferrier, ~rr. T. Hurry Riche, Diy. Loco. 'upt., and l1rs. Riche:, 1Ir. '. E. T) rwhitt, Assi tant Loco. upt., •• e\\'port, and Mr. II. E. racknell, District Good .\Lll1ag-er. n excellent concert was provided by the G.\\".R. (Cardiff) Male Voice hoir. The prc entation, in addition to some 250 exam inati lJ ll a\\ ard:; g-ainecl by mcmbers of the several Cardiff clas es, includ ed the ~.\\,.R. 1 ~ -year gold Efficicncy ~Iedal to ~Ir. II urn' Riches, the fir t officer of the company who had achicYC'cl that di ·tinction. The medal wa handed to '\IL Riche on behalf of the G.\V.R. Ambulance Com111lttee by :\1r. G. E. Rig ·by. Opportunity was also taken to pre Cllt fir r. G. H. Dany, the retiring ecretary of the Cardiff (Ko. 8) Ambulance Division, with the Vellum Vote ()f Thank of the Order of t. J Ohl1 of Jerusalem, which he recei\ cd at the hands of ir \VJiliam James Thomas. The honour has been awarded to 11r. Davey, who has acted as Divisional 'ccretary for the past ten years, in recognition of his valued sen'ices for the furtherance of the ambulance moyement.

'WINDo:\.-The annual l11~etil1g of the Swindon \\'orks Amhulance Clas was held on eptember 25th, whcn 1\1r. ]. Auld, Principal Assistant to the Chief Mechanical Engineer) presided. A most encouraging report of the work of the past session was submitted by Mr. L. G. Brelsch, divisional ambulance secretary; 280 members had passcd a successful examination, and the couperation of all membcrs was desired to carry the movement forward in the coming se sion. The divisional and local competitions had been well supported, as had the newly formed Ambulance League. 1atches in connection with the League recommence in 1 ovember. The Committee regretted the retirement"owing to age limit, of Mr. S. J. Reeves) whose good work for the class had been continued for upwards of 31 years. They were glad) however, Lo know that his service as a class in tructor would still be available. Mr. Auld said the continued growth of the movement was most encouraging, and the fact that the annual number of successful examination students had increased by almost 200 in the past ten years was a credit to all concerned. It was gratifying to learn that 42 members had been awarded the IS-year gold medal, 25 the 20-year

bar whilst four had the distinction of holding the much During the evening Mr. Auld presented certificates to seven members of the Home ursing Class) and officers were appointed for the ensuing year. Amongst those supporting the Chairman were 1\lessrs. E. T. J. Evans, C. T. Cuss and A. F. V. Davidson (vicePresidents) and Drs. R. B. Hick (Works Clas ) and Behr (Station Class).

cov~ted Quarter Century medal.

GLOUCEsTER.-The fifteenth annual competItIOn for the" Vassar-Smith" Shield was held on eptember 24th, when the spectators of the contest included the l\Iayor and Mayoress of Gloucester (1\1r. and 1\1rs. S. J. Gillett), l\Ir. S. Morris (Div. Supt.), 1\1r. R. J. Armstrong (Div. Loco. Supt.) and many local railway and civic officials. Four teams entered the contest) the adj udicators being Drs. F. H. Sprague and F. J. H. Stallman and Sister Denly. At the conclusion of the contests the competitors and spectators were entertained to tea. The result of the conte ts was as under-\Vinners uf " Vassar-Smith" Shield: Team C. Indiyidual winner (Gloucester) 1, 1\1r. E. J. Hebditch; 2, :\1r. T. Askew. (Outside Stations) 1, Mr. R. P. Sims, \\-orcester; 2, 1\1r. L. G. Robinson, Bridgwater; 3, l\Ir. F. A. Drinkwater, \\indon. Bandaging Test: 1) 1\Ir. R. Harris; 2, l\Ir. \"1. Flew; 3, l\lr. E. J. Colley. 11r. Morris welcomed the guests. and paid warm tribute to the memory of the donor of the trophy, the late ir Richard Vassar-Smith. The Shield had been regularly competed for (with the exception of the war years) since 1912, and he hoped the contests ,,'ould be continued to perpetuate the memory of a great Englishman. G.\Y.R. ambulance men had done a good deal of fir t aid instruction in the city of Gloucester, and an offer to train men employed on the Gloucester Corporation 'bu es had been welcomed by the Authorities. The Mayor, in presenting the "Vassar- mith" hield, complimented the competitors on their high standard of efficiency, and extended congratulations to 1\1r. Iorris on his appointment as a City Magistrate. Team prizes were distributed by Mrs. \"1. L, Edwards.

PONTYPRIDD.-The annual concert and distribution of awards in connection with the Pontypridd ambulance class took place on September 29th, ,,,,hen Mr. E. R. Thomas, M.A., headmaster of the Pontypridd Boys' chool, presided, and 1\1r. F. G. \"1ainwright, Div. Supt., made the presentations. Mr. Thomas paid high tribute to the valuable part played by railwaymen in the town and district. One of the great problems of the day was how to use leisure properly, and they were tQ.1d that railwaymen generally tlsed theirs for self-culture. Mr. Waimvright congratulated the class on its succe s and assured the members of the continued , support of the Company. Presentations were made on behalf of the class members by Mr. G. H. Davey (Div. Amb. ecretary) to Dr. G. M . Mitchell (Lecturer), Mr. J. Hunt (Instructor) and I\1r. F. tern ( ecretary). NEwPoRT.-The Alexandra Docks (Newport) Ambu-

FIRST

9-t

lance Class extended a special honour to Dr. S. Hamilton at the annual presentation of awards. The meeting was held in a new Ambulance Hall, placed at the disposal of the class by the G.Vv'.R., preided oyer by 11r. 1\1. C. Harrison (Div. Docks Engineer). Mr. H. B. Smith (Docks Manager) formally opened the Hall. Dr. S. Hamilton, who is a Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John, has been associated with the cause for oyer thirty years, during which time he has been the honorary lecturer. Last winter he relinquished this position and the class inyited Dr. Hamilton to become the first honorary life member. A record of honour was recorded on vellum and presented to Dr. Hamilton by 11r. \V. H. Victory (Chief Clerk, Chief Docks Manager's Office). Dr. Hamilton, in acknowledging the gift, said the class had great traditions and he hoped they would continue their good work under Dr. O'Riordan. He asked the class to accept a framed photograph of himsel f. 11r. H. B. Smith presented the efficiency awards, and to Police-Sergt. A. J. Green the G.W.R. gold medal for 25 years' efficiency. A case of golf balls was presented to Dr. O'Riordan, who has succeeded Dr. Hamilton. ~1r. Percy Thomas, Hon. Lay Instructor, was the r ecipient of a silver-plated coffee set to mark the occasion of his recent honour in being appointed an Honorary Sen'ing Brother of the Order of St. John. The Newport High Street Class again had the Hon. John H. Bruce, Commissioner of the Priory for Wales, as chief speaker at their annual supper and presentation of awards, which took place on October 3rd. 1\1r. S. E. Tyrwhitt (Asst. Div. Loco. Supt.) presided, supported by 1\1r. Trevor Roberts (Div. Supt.), Mr. S. A. Blackall (Diy. Engineer), and a full representation of Diyisional officials. A fifteen yea rs' sen ice gold bar award was made to ~I r. Edward Morgan, a twenty years' to 11r. oah J. \Villiams, and a twenty-five years' service gold medal to ~1r. Ed",ard EYans. Mr. S. Elms (Class Secretary) proposed the toast of the visitors and subscribers} to which the Hon. John H. Bruce and 1\1r. R. F. Kerver-Williams (Caerleon) responded. Commissioner A. G. E. Fudge paid tribute to the class and proposed a toast, to which Messrs. C. H. Hopkins and J. H. Cadwallader (Centre Secretary) 1 esponded. The chairman presented the class prize to Messrs. K. C. Wilkins and Edgar C. Davies. Presentations were also made to Dr. S. Verner, Mr. C. H. Hopkins (Class Instructor), Mr. A. E. Wills and Mr. S. Elms. Certificates, vouchers, medallions, labels, etc, were also presented to the successful members.

London and North Eastern. NORTH-EASTERN AREA.

On September 14th, the North Road, Darlington class held their social in the Ambulance Hall, Hopetown Lane, when Mr. W. Standing was in the chair, supported by Dr. Hogg (Lecturer) and Mrs. Hogg, Mr. S. Hardwick, J.P., 1\lr. S. Cooper (Dist. Secretary), Mr. J. ~lowatt (Class Secretary), Mr. Geo. Jackson (General Secretary), etc. Dr. Hogg presented the awards obtained in the last session-seventy in all. Mr. J acksol1 represented a gold medal for fifteen years' service to Mr. D. Elders, and a twenty years' bar to Messrs. W. Standing, C. W. Smith and T. Townson, wishing each that they might yet obtain many more bars. An interesting fact was

AID .

October, 1952.

brought out that the three members to get their bars all joined the class on the same night 21 years ago) and had attended and passed their examination each year

ince. On eptembcr 23rd the members of the \Vest Hartle pool) IIartlcpool Loco and 'taithes classes combined in organising a whi t drive and dance, held in the Borough Hall, Hartlepool, when 142 tables were occupied for the drive, and at lea t another couple of hundred attended the dance, amongst whom were 11r. R. Tate, Di trict Goods and Dock Manager, and Mrs. Tate, who presented the vVhist Drive prizes, 1\lr. and Mrs. Man, Inspector and Mrs. McKenzie} 1\Iessrs. Forre t, Curry, IIooker and Durham, Class Secretaries) ~1r. Geo. J acksol1, General Secretary, and many prominent worker in the IIartlepools. On eptember 28th the IIcaton cIa s held their annual social at ewca tIe, when a plea ant e"ening \Va . spent with a whist drin, dance, etc. At the interval, Councillor J. Scanlon, J.I., O.B.E., presented the awards gained at the recent examination and poke of the many pleasant recollections he had of the IIeatoll cIa . dUring the last 40 years. Mr. lex \Vrig-ht handed to Dr. IIarlan (class instructor) some gramophone record, and to Mr. W. 1cDougall (Treasurer) a clock, with the thanks of the class for their excellent sen"ice. The Doctor and 11r. :1IcDougall suitably replied. ~Ir. Geo. Jackson, C;Cll. Secretary, in moving a vote of thanks to ~Ir. canton. spoke of his long association \\'ith the cla ' ) and hoped he might be spared to attend 111any more sllch fUllCtlOllS. 1\1r. A. E. Armstrong, District ecretary, and 11r. \\' . McHugh, class Secretary, carried out the arran"'ements with great satisfaction. On September 30th the Bensham class mct in strong force in the Gateshead Railway Institutc, when a lar(Yc crowd attended the dance) and at the interval ~1r. G. Moffatt presided and 1\1r. L. Ballan (Di trict upl., Sunderland) presented awards and spoke of thc 11 cfulne s of ambulance training to railway employees. Mr. ch1cgcl (Loco Supt.) presented to Dr. VV. 111ith a clock, and thanked him for his services as lecturer. ~1r. A. E. Armstrong, District Secretary, pre ented to .i\lessrs. Tyrell and W. T. Kennedy medals for gaining the highest marks in the examination tests. 11r. Geo. Jackson congratulated the class on its successful session. On September 30th the South Gosforth met in thl' Gosforth Garden Village Pavilion} when a good number sat down to the Whist Drive, after which Mrs. Gilchrist, the Lecturer's wife, presented the awards to the members and 1\1rs. H. W. Green, the Car Supt.'s wife, presented the Whist Drive prizes. Dr. Gilchrist spoke of the pleasure it had given him and his wife to attend in connection with such a good class. Mr. Green offered his congratulations on the successful session, and Mr. Geo. Jackson, General Secretary, spoke of the good all round results of the past session and , hoped that another such might be the result of the coming onc. Dancing was then indulged in to a late hour. The York classes held their annual social in the Cooperative Hall, York, on October 5th. At the interval Mr. T. Hutchinson presided and Mr. F. Penty presented 243 awards gained in the last session and spoke of the wonderful strides in ambulance work on the railway since his joining the movement. Mr. Geo. Jackson, General Secretary, presented to Mr. E. Cardwell a gold bar for twenty-five years' service, and hoped that all who had received their awards that night might eventually qualify .for their gold medals and bars. 1fr. A. Atkinson, District Secretary, and his colleagues made admirable arrangements for a very pleasant evening. The members of the Walkergate C. & W. class held

October, 1952.

FIR S T

a dinller at the County Holel, Newcastle, on October 6th when over fifty sat down. Mr. C. Murray (Works Manager), presided, supported by Mrs. Murray, Dr. and Mrs. Stainthorpe, Mr. Geo. Jackson (General Secretary), 1\1r. A. E. Armstrong (District Secretary), Mr. F. Lillico (Class ecretary), etc. Mrs. Murray presented the awards, and 1\1rs. Stainthorpe the "Stainthorpe" cup, \\'on by the aw 1\1ill team. Dr. Stainthorpe proposed .. The Ambulance Class," 1r. Edward Dodds and Mr. Geo. Jackson responded. A most pleasant evening wa brought to a clo e with" Auld Lang Syne." On October 8th the Percy Main Class mel in large llumbers at the East IIowden Social Club when Mr. H. Robson, President of the Club, presided and gave a hearty wclcome to lhe audience. He was supported by Dr. Fell, (Lecturer), 1\1r. Pargiter (Loco Supt.), Mr. G. ~rurray, Mr. Geo. Jackson (General Secretary), Mr. J. \V. Haddock (Class Sccrctary, etc.). Mr. Jackson present d the awards gained at the examination and also a gold bar for 20 years to Mr. E. D. Strathearn and cong ratulated the clas on it · successful session. Mr. ' trathearn handed to Dr. FeU a case of surgical instruments and regretted that llC was leaving the district. Dr. Fell thanked the member for their fine gift and said he would always hm e pleasant memories of his association with the class. On ctobcr 8th the Dun ton cIa s met in stronO' force at the Gatl5head Institute for their annual danc~ etc. t the in,ter,\ al 11r. J.. Rutherford presided, sup~ ported by Mr. . orp · (tralth upl.), ~Ir. Geo. Jackson (General ecreta ry), M r. A. E. Arm trong (District . ccretar)), ~Ir. Peacock (CIa secretary, etc.). Mr. Corps pre. entee! the award gained last session, and C011.~ ratt1latecl the cIa s all its progrc } and hoped that they would still go on and flouri h. On Octoher 8th the lOllsell cIa s held their annual " moker" at the Fountain Hotel, when 1\1r. W. S. CU:tl . ( t~tion Master) presided. 11r. A. E. Armstrong (J)lstnct ecretary) presented the awards earned last se s ion and congratulated the class on its successful IS ue. Presentations were al 0 made to the Lecturer Dr \IacDonald, of a wallet, and to the Class Instructor,} Mr: J. Symons, a cigarette case. Th~ Ardsley sho~mell and the Ardsley S.J.A.B. held l combl11ed presentatIOn of award. A pie supper was partaken by about .forty mcmben, after which 1\1r. Gracie (Pa 'upt., Leeds) presented the award. Mr. Stuart (Asst. Loco upt.) and lr. l1audc (Ardsley Station \Iaster) spoke highly of the goocl work accomplished by he ambulance movement. A goocl concert was the prelUcie to an cnj oyablc evening.

The First Aid Controversy AS SEEN BY A

WOHKS Al\IBULAN E MAN.

lTIle jollo'wl!lg" article is wI'I'I/en b)! JIr. A. C. Pag'e, an Cl mbulance 1Jlan l1t the employ 0/ The London Brick Company and. Forde1"s, Ltd. It gives us a very interesting view of the sU.b;ect, ~s M1'. Page is qualified, by long service as TV01'ks F zrsl. Az~er and Na.7'a~ Male Nurse, to speak oj the practical Ilpphcahon 0/ the prmcipals jm/ forward by the tec1midans.l T IlE criticisms of

the teaching of St. John's Ambulance Association levelled by Dr. T. E. A. Stowell in hIS address at the National Safety Congress on May 5th, 1932, and the rep ly published

A I D.

by the St. John Am bulance Association raises the question of the treatment of industrial accidents . BOTH RIGHT .

Both Dr. Stowell, who maintains that the "First Aid" is inadequate, and the St. John A .A., \~ho say that First Aid pure and simple is all they al m at, are correct in their con ten tions, but we are still left in doubt as to what qualifications are necessary in persons administering treatment in works and factories. This is certainly a National problem, for with the advent of mechanised labour, intricate machinery, electric and other power, mass production and "speeding up," accidents must of a necessity occur with a greater frequency than heretofore, and it is the undeniable right that the employee should have all possible protection to prevent an accident, or, failing that, the best treatmen t of any inj ury sustained. " SE TD FOR THE DOCTOR."

Dr. Stowell is undoubtedly correct in his con tention that First Aiders have not the requisite knowledge, and, furthermore, they cannot have had sufficien t experience to enable their services to be of very much value. It is to be doubted very much if 50 per cent. of tl-:em have ever seen a serious accident, and would be unable to recognise the imp~rtant signs and symptoms if they had, and, quotlng the old adage, that' { A little knowledge is dangerous," it is certainly true that First Aiders should have a more extensive training. The "battle cry" of the the First Aider is ( And then send for the doctor," which, if this procedure is carried out, is so well and good, but how .often is this done in industrial First Aid , espeCIally as regards minor accidents; in fact, if it were carried out, the "loss of time" to a firm would be enormous if every case were to be sent ., for proper treatment to a surgeon . \ i\Tithout a doubt, all injuries sustained in i nd ustry are "d i rty" in a surgical sense, inasm uch that whatever has caused the injury cannot be aseptic, and the patient's skin and clothing are not "surgically clean," in addition to which irritating matters such as grease, oils, acids, rust, etc., may be introduced into the wounds . From the foregoing, it is clear that greater knowledge than that obtained from the teachinas b of the St. John A .A. is required; in fact, a knowledge of the use and actions of various antiseptics and some knowledge of bacteriology and patholo~?' is des~r~ble. Complications, such as synoVItIS, cellulitIS, lymphangitis, erysipelas, etc. , must be recognised in their early stages and the proper treatment adopted . Antiseptic rashes should be noticed, too . Persons treating cases should create a "surgically clean" habit, and this is not acquired at First Aid lectures. \ Vounds and injuries should be kept under observation unti l completely healed and any supervenin a lesions dealt with . b

FIRST

96 PROPER TREATME

Proper treatment should be administered in all cases, the trivial ones being dealt with as much thoroughness as the more important cases. For carrying out this treatment, the following are required : (1) A properly equipped dressing-room. (2) A properly qualified person. A properly equipped dressing-room should be maintained at all large works, fitted with hot water, lotions, dressings, splints, couch, steriliser, means for counteracting shock, combating sepsis, promoting comfort As the expense of retaining a qualified surgeon at the works is impracticable, the next best method must be resorted to. Here v,le have the material at hand in qualified nurses, whose knowledge and training render them invaluable for the work. The first sign of any toxic condition manifesting itself is easily recognised by them, and any injury that is not progressing satisfactorily can be accorded the necessary treatment and so prevent many an otherwise compensation case. Works employing female labour should have a female nurse. Those employing male labour should have a male nurse, as men are more likely to attend for treatment when they can act "naturally" and without embarrassment. Treatment should be easily accesible to the men, and they should be encou1~aged to attend for it, as it is usually by neglect that the serious conditions arise. If a man has to rely upon treatment at his house, this generally consists of "bread poultice," "soap and pepper" plasters, or some of the many widely-advertised "cure all" ointments of doubtful therapeutic value. All of which is unsatisfactory. If he has to attend a doctor's surgery, he either has to go on the Club-or he neglects to attend. The following procedure is adopted at one of the large works in the Midlands. There is a properly equipped dressing-room. This is supervised by an ex-Army male nurse and an ex-Naval male nurse, and apart from being able to cope with any accident that may arise, they are capable of treating all minor cases until recovery, thereby preventing loss of time and compensation claims. There are in various parts of the works First Aid boxes, so that hcemorrhage may be arrested by anyone on the spot pending the arrival of the nurse. LOCAL TREATMENT.

The following local treatment is carried out for wounds :The surrounding part is shaved and washed with ether soap; the whole is then washed with 1 in 4,000 sol. of hyd. perch., dried, and the part painted with iodine 2§· per cent., and then dressed with gauze and wool. This treatment is found to be eminently suc-

October, 1932.

A I D.

cessful, and, out of approximately 6,000 cases over a period of two years, only in two instances has time been lost through sepsis supervening-one, the case of a boy in whom a "whitlow" developed about 6 weeks after the injury, and the other where a piece of chisel bec3.me embeddcd in the muscles of the forearm. Ex-Service nurses are particularly suited [or the work owing to their intensive trainincr in hospitals and operati ng theatres, and the practical experience of injuries and accidents of all kinds, in addition to which their perspicacity [or lisco\' ring malingerers is magical, and, by their employ, the best possible provision is made for the wclfarc of the employee, and the saving to the firm considerable.-Reprinted, with permission, [rom

Safety F£nt.

dlmbulance J'( ews euttings from the 3\'ess.

FIRST

October, 1932.

A New Ambulance Carrier. READER ' of FIR . TAl D may be interested to hear of a clever and i ngen ious in ven tion by which an ordinary car rna)" in a few minutes, be converted into an auxi liar), am bu lance. This invention, which has been patented by the Trojan ~I otor Co., Vicarage-road, Croydon, has been designed by Colonel Cowell, D.S.O., D.L., F.R . . ~ ., County ontroller of Surrey. By its means a standard saloon, tourer, torpedo bod y or even a t\\ 0- cater car of 12 horse power or O\'c r can he transformcd into an ambulance car capab l of carrying two stretchcr cases as well as the driver and an a :-,istant. The stretcher' are carried on a horizontal fra me OYer the roof of the car. This frame con"i ting of tW() pairs of tramlincs is supported by vertical upri(Yht~ fi" dint bases attached to the ha.· ·is. The apparatus is completed by a canvas

A 10.

committees who are unable to afford the cost of buying and maintaining an ordinary ambulance as there is no extra charge for insurance. Another advantage is, that when not being used as an ambulance, the carrier can, by fixing sockets into the ground, be used as a tent which will sleep four persons on full sized camp beds. Thus for Guide Camps, etc., it could be used for a double purpose. It serves the purpose of a motor caravan at infinitely less cost, besides being much easier to drive, without any of the difficulties and complications entailed when towing or manreuvering a trailer.

Road Accidents First Aid Association. STILL another association has been formed in an endeavour to coml at with the appalling loss of life on the roads.

The Editor invites Readers to send newspaper cuttings on maller of general interest for inclusion in this column. D EAT II BY ELE TRO CT!O:-:.

vVe hear with regret of the accident \\'hi ch dL'pri\l~.'> ~·o . 89 (:\Ietropolitan Rly.) Division of another member. Ptl'. Denton ·w hilst at work at Harro\\' on eptcmbcr 3rd (a wet day) bent over to replace a \\'ed~e of wood on the line bc.,iue the rail. Hi s great coat (wet) touched the positi\c rail and caused him to fall ovcr the other rail, \\'h er he . u. taincd the full force of the current. After rCl11o\'a l from contact, artificial respiration was tried unsu(ce.'>fu lly. - ll"cslerll .lrca Ga=elfe. DJ~AT JI I' ROl\l Y EW LE.\\·ES.

.\ second death within a fortnight, due to the eating of yew leaves, was investigated yesterday. The inquest, at Battersea, S. vV., was on a patient in Springfield :\Iental Hospital, who, aged sixty-three, was taken ill and <.lied after walking in the grounds of the hospital with other patients. Dr. George Shaw said that ye\v trees had been in the grounds for oyer thirty years but had now been destroyed. On August 15th there was an inquest at Cambef\,\,ell on a Maudsley Hospital patient who died after eating yew leaves. - Dai(y lVhrror. The Trojan

Iotor Co. 's New Ambulanc

Carrier.

REMARKABLE RESCUE FROM DROWNING.

One of the most remarkable rescues from drowning 011 record is reported from ThOl1on-les-Bains. A girl 14 years of age was attacked by cramp while swimming, and sank in 45 ft. of water. Two fishermen and a soldier of the Foreign Legion who were in a sailing boat not far from the spot hastened to the rescue. Some minutes elapsed before the boat was able to reach the scene of the g irl's disappearance, and the propects of saving her seemed remote. But the three men stripped and dived in turn. Failing to find the girl by that means they lel down a trawl net and brought up her apparently lifeless body. Getting her ashore as quickly as p0ssible, they applied artificial respiration, though with little hope of success. But they were successful, and in a short time the girl was fully restored to consciousness. -St. fohn A 1IZbulance Gazette.

roo f supported on a light metal frame which clips on to another canvas spread over the roof of the car making it quite snug. The bases or sockets for the vertical supports are permanently fixed to the car and are the only things that show when the ambulance is dismantled. Auxillary springs are fixed to the rear springs of the car to take the extra weight al~cl to facilitate travel over rough roads. The weight of the whole outfit is 1-+41 bs. The speed of the car is not interfered with and it is perfectly stable, even when taking sharp Corners. The invention is to be submitted to the Geneva Committee for approval, and as it only costs £37 it ought to be of great use to small

The object of this Association are ;1. To carryon propaganda for the compulsory first-aid equipment of all motor vehicles. 2. To encourage a wider knowledge of first aid. 3. To secure the d evelopment and organisation of first aid ervices throughout the country to deal with road motor accidents. -L To advise and co-operate, in whate\'er manner is possible, in all matters relating to motor accidents. The Association in a circular letter, states ;Th e enormous and ever-increasing annual total of road accidents has made the formation of this Association a necessity. 'While other A ociations, such a The National ct Safety-First" Association, and The Pedestrians' Association, are devoted to most "aluable work in the cause of pre\'ention of accidents, no other organisation

FIRST

exists, at present, for the purposes aimed at by this Association. It does not encroach upon the spheres of existing first-aid er\'ices, \\"hieh have such a splendid record, but its aim and object are in complete harmony \\'ith, and complimentary to, them. Under present conditions, while the injured are the direct phy ical sufferers, a great burden is laid on hospitals, ambulance en-ices, doctors, public funds, and even way ide cottagers, \\'ho give their services freely, and often without a word of acknowledgment, not to mention the indirect sufferings of the relati\'es of the killed and injured. It is, therefore, essential that an Association should exist in the intere. ts of the injured, and which, properly functioning, should automatically relieve the present burdens on the hospitals, ambulance and medical service, thu giving a much-needed sense of security to motorists and pedestrian alike. The primary object is to see that llrst-aid is available instantly, and this can be assured only by eyer)' motor vehicle carrying a simple but efficient outfit. l\Ir. J. C. 1\1. Guy, M. P. (the Parliamentary representati\'e of the Association), is urging, before the House of Commons and the Ministry of Tran port, the compulsory carr) ing by motor \-ehicles of fir t-aid equipment, and will continue to do so until successful. By law, ships are compelled to carry life-sa\'ing equipment for e\-ery passenger aboard, and the casualties at sea are negligible compared to these on our roads to-day. The Honorary Organising Secretary is ~Iiss Maule, 24, Stafford-street, Edinburgh, and those of our readers "who arc interested in this new movement can obtain fuller particulars on application.

Lectures in Elementary Anatomy.* By A DOCTOR. THE MUSCULAR SVSTE:lI.

THERE are two kinds of muscle, Voluntary and Involuntary. The former are under the control ot the will -'1.nd form the greater part of the muscular system. Involuntary muscles act independently of the will. Such muscles are found in the heart, intestines, blood vessels, and other internal organs. Properties of muscle common to both varieties are as follows : (1) They are both composed of bundles of muscle fibres. (2) Both are supplied with nerves which give them the power of contraction. (3) Motion is produced in both by contraction, which motion produces shortening of the muscle. VOLU I TARY MUSCLES.

Most of the voluntary muscles are attached to

* Reprinted by courtesy of the hish Nw'sing Hospital Wodd.

and

A I D.

October, 1932.

bones at one or both ends. They usually end in tendons j these are strong white bands composed of fibres. Origill.- The point of attachment to a bone which does not move is termed the origin. IlZsertio1l.- The point of attachment to the bone which moves is called the insertion. luscles usually act in pairs. \\Then a flexor muscle contracts, an extensor muscle relaxes, and VIce versa. Muscles are described as long, broad or short. In the limbs they are long, in the trunk broad and flat, and short in the hands and feet. \iVhen the fibres are long and few, such muscles have a great range of movement but diminished power. \Vhen the fibres are short, and the muscle thick, there is increased power but diminished range_ Where muscles get their names: Though the names of muscles are difficult to remember, it may be of assistance to know that the names have been applied for various reason. (1) The positions of some muscles give them their names, such as Ti bial is An terior or Posterior, i.e., in front of the tibia or behind it. (2) The shape, ex. Rhomboideus, or Deltoideus. (3) Their use, ex Flexors, exten or5, pronators. (4) Their direction ex. Transversus Abdominis. (5) The number of their division ex. Bic ps, Triceps. (6) Their attachment ex. ' ternocleidomastoideus. Common terms used in anatomy-Anterior relates to the fron t of the body, Posterior to the back, Lateral to the side, Medial near r to the middle line, Superior means upper, Inferior lower. Apex means the narrower extremity, Base the broader end. Axilla, the arm-pit. Process, a projection. Flexion means bending (forward when applied to the elbow and wrist, hip and ankle j backward when applied to the knee). Extension is the opposite to flexion. Abduction, away from the middle line. Adduction, towards the middle line. Ciscumduction, is a circular movement. Rotation, means turning either medially or laterally. MOVEMENTS OF TIIE SHOULDER JOINT.

The shoulder joint is capable of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation. " The humerus isjlexed (drawn forward) by the Pectoralis Major, the anterior fibres of the Deltoid, and when the forearm is flexed by the Biceps. Extended (drawn backwards) by Latissimus Dorsi, Tres Major, the Posterior fibres of the

October, 1932.

F I R S T

Deltoid, and when the forearm is extended by the Triceps. Abducted by the Deltoid and Supraspinatus. Adducted by the Subscapularis, Pectoralis Major, Lattissimus Dor~i, and Teres ~lajor. Rotated Olltwards, by the Infraspinatus, and Teres ::\lajor. Rotated Illwards by the ubscapularis, Latissi m us Dorsi, Teres ~Ia jor, Pectoral is l\Iajor, and anterior fibres of the Deltoid. Origin and insertion of the above muscles : Deltold. - Arises from the lateral third of the clav icle, the acromion process, and the spine of the capu la, and is inserted into the deltoid tuberosity on the outer surface of the humerus. Pectoralis illajor. - Arises from the medial hal f of the clavicle and the Ii r t six ribs, and is inserted into the cr st of the (Treater tubercle of the humeru , above and in front of the insertion of the del toid. Bt'ceps. - 0 called because it has two heads of ongl n, on from the ti p of the coracoid process of the capula and one from the upper margin of the gl noid cavity; it is inserted into the tuberosity of the radiu (ju t below the head). LahsSlI71liS Dorsi. - I a larae triangular flat muscl which c v rs the lumber region and the low r half of th thoracic region, it arises from the lower six thoracic vertebrae, the lumbar, and sacral ve rtebrae and th re t of the ilium, it is inserted into the humerus near the pectorali major. ubscaplflarz's .-IT as its origi 11 in the su bscabula fossa and i inserted into the lesser tubercle of the humeru . Trz·ceps. - '0 call d because it has three heads of origin. The lon a head arises from the lower margin of the alenoid cavity, the lareral head from th e posterior su rface of the shaft of the humerus, above the groove for the radial nerve j the medial head arises below the groove for the radial nerve j it is inserted into the olecranon process of the ulna. Supraspinatus arises from the supraspinatous foss a, and is inserted into the greater tubercle of the humerus. Teres lVIajor arises from the inferior angle of the scapula below the teres minor, and is inserted in to the humerus near latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major. Te1/es M-£nor arises from the axillary border of the scapula and is inserted into the greater tubercle of the humerus. Rad£o Ulna !oz'nt Movements.-Pronation and Supination. P1/onatz'on is carried out by Pronator teres and Quadratus; these rotate the radius on the ulna rendering the hand prone, Flexor Carpi Radialis also assists in pronation_ P1/onator Tere'l has two heads, one from the

A I D.

medial epicondyle of the humerus, and one from the coronoid process of the ulna. It is inserted a rough area at the middle of the outer side of the radius. Pronator Quadratus arises from the anterior surface of the ulna, and is inserted into the lower fourth of the anterior surface of the radius. Flexor pt' Rad£alis arises from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, and is inserted into the second and third metacarpal bones.

Ambulance Sunday at Southampton . MARKED success attended the initial effort of a com bined ambulance Sunday celebration at outhampton, on October 2nd. Representatives of the S.J.A.A., including the Southern Railway, Fire Brigade, Police, S.J.A.B., the B.R.C.S., and others comprised the committee of this effort which it is hoped to make an annual event. ~1r. Edgar Uzzell (Chairman, Southampton Docks Ambulance Centre) was chairman of the organising committee and Mr. Robert Gillingham (Servin a Brother Order of St. John, and Secretary Redbridge Centre, S.R.), acted as Secretary. Over 200 members of the various oraanisa. b trons attended the afternoon meeting of the Southampton Brotherhood and in addition there was a large congregation of many interested in fi rst aid work. i\Ir. A. B. Morgan (deputy president of the Brotherhood) presided, and among those present included the Yen. Robert McKew, D.D. (Archdeacon, Isle of 'Night), the Rev. R. B. Jolly, M.A., R.D. (Chaplain, Southampton Corps, S.J .A. B.), C.-Lt.-Col. \V. E. Pittard (Hampshire County Commissioner, S.J .A . B.), nIr. E. Uzzell ~I r. R . Gillingham, and the following officers of the Hampshire British Red Cross Society: Mr. A. Moray Williams, O. B. E. (County Director), Dr. J. Pendered, M.C. (Assistant County Director), 1\lapr-General Nigel Woodyatt, C.B., C.LE. (Hon. Treasurer), and 1\Irs. King, R. R.C., latron of the Home of Recovery (County Staff Matron). Others present included 1\1r. J. ~Ialerbi, M.B.E. (member of the committees of the S.J . A.B. and B.R.C.S.), Mr. C . C. C. Hedo-er (Secretary of the Southampton Brotherhood) Coun~illors H . .Vincent, J . P . , and E. Harvey. ' 1 he meetll1g opened with the sin ain a of "L or d 0 f a 11 b' b b led erng, " and the devotions were by the Rural Dean, who also read the Lesson . In introducing the speaker (the Archdeacon of the Isle of Wight), C.-Lieut. -Col. Pittard acknowledged the kindness of the Brotherhood in

J?.

FIRST

100

making the celebration possible, and expressed the hope that the event might become an annual one. The speaker aave an inspiring address and paid great tribute to the work of all those in the ambulance ranks.

fetters

~ditor.

the

We are in no way responsible for the opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondents.- EDITOR.

cc CRITICIS

AND

" THE DUTY."

PUBLIC

DEAR SIR,-

The writer of the letter published in your September number, under the headin g cc Criticism," is to be congratulated upon an extremely cle\'er exbibition of controyersial writing of the less accurate type. I t has been said that " The essence of controversy is to score off your opponent by any means, fair or unfair; to obscure and evade the real issue, and to fog and confuse the lines of argument, especially if the argument is such that it cannot be refuted." All this has been done, with a skilful misquotation and distortion of text and reference, worthy of the less reputable politician of the old school, or the lower type of legal pettifogger so tellingly described by Dickens. Further, a wholly unfounded suggestion has been made that I haye "dared" to criticise my superiors in a letter, , Four letters point one Moral." This suggestion I wish to describe as false, misleading, and mischi evo us. It is as bas'C!less as it is harmful, as \vilfully damaging as it is unsporting. Are writers of the letters I referred to ("Brigade Surgeon," "County Surgeon," and Dr. N. S. B. Vinter, who all wrote in the July number) also included in the suggestion? I remember a verse : cc Cet animal est tres mechant, Quand on l'attaque, II se d efend." which we can freely translate: "God bless my soul, this fellow has the barefaced impertinence to actually defend himself and his writings!" How dare I ? Let us examine Captain Goodley's le ~te r. i.-He talks of cc youth and inexperience rushing in where angels feared to tread." Is yonth a crime? The younger Pitt defended himself in the House against an accusation of youth by saying: " That is a fault that is daily being repaired." As to experience-I have served continuously in different branches of the auxiliary and ref{ular forces since June, 1914. I started young. My St. John service is a mere 8 years against my other service of 18. But I regret that the personal note has been introduced by Capt. Goodley, and I will not be drawn by him or anyone else into furth<:>r personalities. N ow why should he say" Angels fear to tread"? Is the ground so delicate? He says so : I think not. "The Ambulance Man on Pnblic Duty," the article which seems to have upset him a nd others, contained nothing that should give offence. But is it the article that he is thinking of? His letter is so delightfully confused that one is not quite clear. Has not the article done good if it has made your readers conside1' it sufficiently for them to write letters about it, even letters like Capt. Goodley's?

October, 1932 .

A I D .

2. - I agree with your currespondent that the Territorial : \1'111)' is a good schoo l of discipline. I go further. 0 i the Sl. John Ambulance Brigade; and both teach it as well on serv"ce as they do during training. Rul 7(1hal on earllt has Ihal/rol 10 do 7.udlz d! J. - Capt. Goodley':. r ference to " an important parade" is unintelligible. No parade wa mention d in the article, hence there 7.Clere 110 "I nspecting" or " oIl1manding" oOlcer. that he peak of. o·J re JlO! h,.s ideas rallll'r con/used? 4. - The pri\'a te in the Brigade has to I' qualify annua lly in First .\id. D o onlcer ha\'e to requalify annua ll y in their subject, as et out by Capt. Goodl"y? I am not aying tint they SllOllld, but as things stand, do tIll:)'? IIi lette r uggests that they do. 5. -.\ I ha\'e already said, Capt. Goodley has hinted thal I am " daring to criticise tafT and. upcrior Ontcer ." Thi i an untrue and unfair innuendo, 7l'11l'd1 1 r,jmdt'alt' and d"sc!a"/Jl eJlI/I'l'?)'. 6. Comments and suggestions, if they arc con"itru liYe, non-personal, and nOll 111 alt'c/oIfS, are healthy. elf snti faction, in organisations as much a in individuals, is a ign of ineptilude. There i no progress \\"ithoul self examination and hone t elf criticism. As one of Shakespeare's characters Rid ":'Ih:thi'lks h doth prote t too much." \Vh at arc journals of this kind fo r ? Surely not merely to turn us all into a mutual admiration society? I yield to none in my pride in the Brig-aue. But I lon' it enouf{h to " ' ish to see it still ali\"(~, gro"'ing, and impro\ing; not sinking into a self complacent and steri le s nilit). The Brigade is, thank TI ea\'en for it, acti\c, \ i\ idly ali\(!, youthful going- daily from sen ice to more sen icc, frol11 strl'ngth to fre h strength. Let us not thrC'lttJe fair COl1lllll'nt j Ict us not smother the Brigade's \'itality ~nd virility undcr cu~hions of self importance and smug self satisfaction. The littlc Prin ces in the Tower may ha\'e aid" :-\oli mc tant;ere I'm not to be 'ouched." But Crookback's as a sin a ' rh~ ~iatcd them just the same. Capt. Goodley's name is a household word in flmbulancc circles; it is men like him who ha\'e made the Brigade what it is to-day. His ser\'ice and his work are admired by all. But let me plead for a little liberality-a little open mindedness. When our hearts harden the body decay. L et not the heart and mind of our great brotherhood of mercy ever get closed and set and unapproachable. Id eas are life-even wrong ideas help if they keep our collective mind active and receptive. Let the Brigade st ill be the "Grand Old Brigade"but let it be the ever-young Brigade as well-YGung in its energy, young in its enthus iasm, young in its altruism. I am, yours, etc., ORMAN IIAMMER.

APOLOGY.

SJR,I sincerely hope you will find space to publish my heartfelt apologies to Captain Hammer. I am sorry that my well-meant criticism has been construed as an attempt to hzwl and }ee?', and I greatly regret that my litereary inaptitude is so displeasing. Nevertheless, my only desire, a very sl"mple one, was to elicit the cause of the badly co-ordinated work of the individuals upon the particular occasions mentioned by Captain Hammer. Unfortunate I remain uninjormed in regard to this very important issue. The quotation- Example is better than precept- is far from being uninstruclive ; it is peculiarly appropriate. I will explain" my reasons for writing this" by giving a true, if DEAR

FIR S T

October, 1932 .

dt's/oin/ed, account of two, of many, occasions (authentic,

hul with names and location s omitted for obvious r easo ns) on which due consideration of the proverb might have increased lhe pn'J'/I/re of the t. John Am bulance Brigade and enhanced lhe morale and co-ordination of its members :1. .\n Important Brigade Public Duty. (a) A uperior Officer (having detailed two County Surgeons for profess/onal duty), owing to the absence of the more junior County . uq.;eon, d ecide to aller the original schellie for public duty, and proceed to allocate the personnel accordingly. (b) The police fail to control a tremendous crowd of s pectators, and a very difficulL situation arises. I n spite of this handicap, and the additional handicap of rather ignorant interference ( ee (d) below), the officers and mcmbers of the Brigade carry out th ir dutie efficiently and cal J11 h . Therd were ahout 60 ca. ualties ; all of which were dealt with in a \ er) satisfactory and e,-:peditious manner. (c) The Juni or 'ounty. urgeon arri\'e \'ery late, and acco mpanied b) a lady. (d) The Junior ounty. urgeon, without reference to hi ... senior olliccrs, and with marked ag-itation ("win d-up"1101 j>o1J-syllab/c), lILli\crs his order", which arc contrary lo the instruction air('ady recei\ cd by the personnel. The personnel is \\'orried and anxious. \\'ho i in com· mand ? and \\'l1at shall \\' C du? (c) Fortunately, an enicienl ergcant decides to await the co nfirmalil1n, or nthen\·i . . c, of the fresh orders. (f) TI1L' up rinr OniccI-, appreciating the absurdity of the orders g-iu:-n 11) the Junior'(lunty . urg-eOIl, and realising that such orders, if carried oul, would hinder the work nf both the police and the Brigad~·, rc . . tores the morale and carries on ,lS before. k) The Juni or County urgeon, accompanied by a lady, depa rts early, before the completion of the public duty. 2.- .\n Important Brigade Parade and In spection. .\ talT Onicer, late on parade, is a ked by his Commanding nicer to xchange his very conspicuous cane for me of regu lation pattern, in order that the In pecting Officer may not be ofTended. Th earlier appearance of this StalT Officer would ha\'e t::na bled the C. O. to correct thi s pardonable ignorance in a ll.!sS public manner; thu comment and a tendency to the owering of smartn s on public duty would ha\'e been lvo ided. An efficient, if shnple, example will do more to promote the interest of those served by the Brigade than countless J urnalistic platitudes. Th e former is loyal, unselfish ser\ ice; the latter spells mere egotism. This is nol nOnSl'llse. A skeleton, in itself, has no fu nction; it depend upon some g uiding force, and when this guiding force is unreliable, the resulting mo\'ements may not only be unreli able but exhibit a complete absence of co-ordination. I trust that Captain Harnmer will accept my apology 'lJ~ d explanation, and that, in doing so, he will credit me also with having made an honest attempt to express an ho nest opinion. You rs fai th fully,

F. E.

BENDIX,

Captain, R.A.M.C., S.R., County Surgeon, S.J.A. B.

UNEMPLOYED AND FIRST AID. DEAR SIR,-

I was greatly interested in='your editorial notes in the

A I D.

101

September issue of FIRST Am, re Swindon Centre teaching their un emp loyed first aid. No doubt you will be interested to know that the Malvern Division last winter gave several lectures to the unemployed here. This year we are organising a detached first aid class for the benefit of the local unemployed, which is creating great interest among these unfortunates, a number of whom have already promised to join this Divis ion. --Yours faithfully, G. G. LEWIS. Div. Supt.

HO IE

NURSING

COURSE

FOR

MEN.

DEAR SIR,-

R e review in September issue, it is there stated that men ·were not permitted to take the Home Nursing Course until about 1894. As a matter of fact the first course for men wa held at the Gate in the beginning of 1890. 1y certificate is dated March, 1890. Dr. S. Osborn was the lecturer, and so thorough was he, that each member attending the cou rse, had to have a list, as he was satisfied with it's application. Dr. J. S. "Vood was the examiner. The certificate is signed by the above two doctors, and Sir Edmund Lechmere and Sir H erbe rt Perrot.-Yours faithfully. 5, ;\larket Street, LoUIS J. JAR~[AN. Cambridge. [The revie\\' i correct in the statements that the year 189-+ witnessed the official commencement of Nursing Lectures for l e n and that previous to this date the 1 ursing Cour e was resened for Women. I t would, howe\'er, appear that the class which you attended in 1890 was a quasi-official one conducted by No. 2 District of the Ietropolitan Centre of the Association and examined on larch 24th, 1890. Clearly it was not sanctioned by the Central Executive Committee, although the Chairman of that body and the Chief Secretary gave it recognition in that they signed the certificates of successful candidates; and probably its success inAuenced the Central Executi\'e Committee in its decision to admit men candidates in 1894. Further, the No.2 District Report for 1891 states with reference to this cla that" its member evinced a warm interest in all that appertains to t he duties of a Hospital Orderly," a curious statement if your lecturer confined himself strictly to Home Nursing. You were evidently a class of enthusiasts because among others examined with you were vV. J. Church Brasier, C. Alan Palmer, E. R. Goodwin and "V. H. 10rgan to whom, and to your lecturer, the Brigade and the Metropolitan Corps owed a vast debt of gratitude.EDITOR].

The Pocket Diary for 1933 and the Christmas Card issued by the British Red Cross Society will be ready for issue on November 1st next.

The Inter-Service "Vomen's Swimming Gala (under A.S.A. Jaws) will take place on Saturday, October 22nd, at 6.30 p. m., at St. George's Baths, Buckingham Palace-road, S.W.1. Programmes to admit, price is. , can be obtained from the Secretary, County of London Branch, B. R. C. S., 9, Chesham-street, S. W.1.

Does y our colleague read FIRST AID , if not, send us his address and we will post him a copy.

102

F l :R S T

A I D.

October, 1952.

October, 193 2.

Our Nurses' Pages. COMPILED

AMBULANCE

. BRIGADE {; 'IFOR~I.- There has been a slight alteration m the dress. regulatIOns concerning the indoor uniform of ambulance sister of the S.J.A,B. In future a white wor ted chevron will be award~d for each three years' efficiency, up to twelve years, and wtll be known as the Seryice CheHon · The Se~\'ice Chevron will be worn inverted-that i~, with the pomt upwards~on the left forearm, the point of the first chevron to be 1I1ches above the white linen cuff. There .is no alteration in the outdoor uniform. The metal Service Badges will still be ,,'om on the o-reat coat and in the same po ition as hitherto. '"' ,

SISTER.

to be Lady District OA'icer of Northern. \ rea in place of I is, Hoare ha been received with much rlea ure. . Ir. McFadden has always been a keen worker in the BrI?"ade, and Nursing Divisions in thi ;\rea arc assured of a kindly, helpfu.1 and efficient Lady District Officer hy this popular promotion.

PROPO ED FOR;\IATIOr-: OFAXl:RSIr-:C. D1\'lslo:-\ OF

lIE

~RIc.AnE AT Ross.-On Tue day, September 27th, a l11eetI~g \\'a held at the Town Hall, Ro ,to di. cuss the forma-

. NOR:HER:- AREA.-To the regret of members of the Bngade 111 tl:l~ Area, Miss Hoare, M.B.E., has just resigned from the POSition of Lady District Officer of the Area, and h~s b.een ~Iaced on the Reserve. She has served in No. 1 District faltl:ful~y for many, and is well known both in and out of the Dlstnct. · Miss Hoare carries with her in her retirement the cyood h WIshes of numerous friends in the Brigade.

tIOn of a Nur ing Di\'i ion. Dr. P. 'mith pre<;ided, and was ~uppor~e? .by Dr. ]. E. Haine, ~l i. . E. Long (Hereford N.ursmg DIVISion, S.].A. B.), Dr. Ann Fillan., Dr. G. L. PdJans, and Sergt. G. Eltome (Secretary, Ro~ Di\ i ion, S.].A.B.). There was a large attendancc of both ladi and gentlemen. The chairman said that a I\'ursing Di\ i<;inn would he a most helpful organisation. Dr. Haine explained that thcv had mct to discu the for~ation ot. classe in first aid anct" home nursing, to cnable ladles to gam knowledge and the nece ar" certificatcs to be.c~n:e members of the .].A.B. .\ year -ago, the men' DlvI~lon was formed, and the progre s made had been \'erv creditable. The men had not only formed a Di\ ision bu-t they ha~ ecured (heir own ambulance which had alr'ead\' dealt With over 40 tran port ca es and accidents and travelled over 1,000 miles. That wa a record to be ~roud of. They would be glad, however, of the help which members of a Nursing Divi ion could supply. I t was proposed to hold a cou r e of lect u res in fi rst aid and another in h~me nursing. They \\'ere very fortunate i~ that Dr. Ann Pdlans had offered to help them with the lectures. It would mean hard \~ork for t h.ose attending the classes, but they would have theIr reward m serving others. . Miss Long explained that before women could join the BrIgade they must posse s two certificate, one for fir t aid and the other for home nursing. Those who desired to take up the work would have to attend the lectures regularly in order to gain knowledge,. an~ also that they might be allowed to ta.ke the exammatlOns. Having gained the necessary certificates, they could form a Division and would the~l llave. to attend twelve practices a year in order to retain their effiCiency. With the Imowledge they would gain, they WOUld. be a tremendous help to themselves, their neighbours and fnends, and to the general public. Miss Long concluded by saying that it would be a pleasurc for h~r to do anything to assist them in this work. . The meetmg unanimously agreed that a class in first aid be started, to be followed by a course in home nursing the first lecture to take place on Tuesday, October 11 th o ' Nearly 40 of those present gavc in their names to join the class. Dr. Haine announced that Dr. Ann Pillans wou ld crive the l ectu~es on home nursing, and he wo u ld undertake those ?n first. al~, both ~'ith~ut fees. This announcement, showIng as It .dld pr~cttcal 1I1terest on the part of the two doctors, was received With much applause.

The news of the promotion of Lady Divisional Supt Mrs. McFadden, of No.1'" (Hampstead) Nursing Division:

NURSING AS A PROFESSION.-We women fi rst-ai d ers have a wonderful opportunity that t h e men h ave not-we

No. 1 DISTRICT, CENTRAL AREA.-The rules of the competition for the "A. I\1. 'Valker" Cup have been altered .and the trophy will in future be awarded to the winning tean; 111 the Central Area eliminating test for the "Brook's" Efficiency Cup. · ~n the past, this :\rea trophy has been a\\'arded to the w~n?l.ng team at a competition for drill only. The whole DIVISIOn had to torm the team, as marks were deducted for absentees. 1 ow Di\"isions will enter a squad of 12 members, under an officer, as for the Brook's Cup competition. The Brook's Efficiency competition is for drill and and stretcher work. No ..39 (Temple) 1 ursing Division is holding its Annual Dance, 111 aid of Divisional Funds, at the vVestminster Cath~dral ~all, on Saturday, October 29th. Tickets, price 21? .(I.nclud1l1g refreshments), may be obtained from Lady DIVIsIOnal Supt. :\1rs. V,Talton, 10, Sandwell-crescent, vVest Hamps.tead, N. W. 6, or of any member of the Division. I.t IS expected that there will be the usual large number of Bngade members and their friends present at this popular annual event. EASTERN AREA.--A competition for the Edith Ward Challenge Shield, open to ursing Divisions in this Area will take place on Saturday, November 26th, and not o~ N ovem ber 19th, as previously announ::ed. The tests will be held at the Lathom Road School, East Ham. The C.hief Commissi.oner has been pleased to sanction the formatIOn of a N urslllg Section at Belvedere to b attache? to Woolwich ursing Division. ,e It IS hoped ~hat the Section will grow rapidly, and that the members wIll soon be numerically strono- enouo-h to apply for registration as a Division in place of the S~ction now formed.

F IR S T

are allowed to assist in many of the large hospitals throughthe country. in most womell, thcre is inborn a love of nursing, and thc weekly altclH.lancc at somc hospital in man) cases serves but to sLrengthen this loi:c of hclping- the sick, and many V.;\.D.s e\cntually join the ranks of the professional nurses. it is nOl e\ cry girl who is filled for tIlC nursing profession, be she ever sO keen, and it is a matLer of great regrct Lhat quite a number of V.A.D.s throw up the occupation thC} ha\'c in order to nLer a ho pital for training, only to find ether a hort Lime that they are unsuited to the work and ha\"l~ to k,ne it and attempt to get back to their formcr occupation, no cas) task in these daJs of few jobs and many aprl iCClnt for an) \ aCHncies. Tho "c who conLemplate nursing should read an interesting book on the ~ubject written by .\J i s ~l. '. Cochrane, R. R. C., the ~Lttron 01 Charing Cross lIospital, London. Thc autlwr is \\ell kno\\ n, at lea~l b) name, to the members of ~ O. 1 Di 'lrict of the l'rigadc. ' hc takes a keen interest In their training, and is e\l:r willing that the} hould gain practical kno\\ kdge l1f l1Ur~ing by takin:{ dut} in the wards of the ho~piLal l,f whiL 11 she has charge. ;\1 iss Cochrane 11 a ... abo a c ted a ... l)!ll' of the juuges at the" Perrott" Shield co mpetition. But it is not on thi account that the book i rccOllll1lenued LLl the \\ auld-be prok ional nur e, but for the prac tical hI.. Ip iL ~i\' cs on the subjeLt. The author urgl..s thoe l"Ontull plating taking up !luring to fir ... t of all think the tll,lltU O\l..r carefully, and to find L1 Ut as Illuch as po::.:-.ibk of the conclition ~uling- in the ho:--pital they think llf enlLrill!-!, for training. Thc} must n :lllelllber that tilt: \\l)rk i~ harel, the hours long in CL)Jllpalison \\ ith tho . e in other profession, bUL on the other h and the fI.' \\ ;lI J is great, for the life of the nur e i ' full of a bsl)rbing il1lL'n~ "'t. .\ girl \\'ho adopt:; nursing as a career must (lr·t of all be physically ,lnJ mentally ~trol1g. .\ILhough the actual Illanual work dl)J1c 111..)\\' i,., not l1e<lrh' 0 llluch as it used to be , the peril..1d of training" is I..lllC of g~eaL strain. The \\'ork, lw ing" entin:ly ;lIlH1ng" :--ick people, is apt to cclue a depre ed ll UtIOl)k, \\'hiLh lllU ... t be fought again!'.t, as it i~ es ential that a nur'ie be of a cheerful di!'.positiol1. Then the hour a re of nen.'ssity Illllg. The ick ha\c to recei\'e attention 2-+ hour in ea ·h day for 7 dcty a week, so that oO"-duty period " of a nurse C<lnl1l1t compare with thoe of her ~ister in the b u incss world. There must be a lLl\'c of nursing in the heart of the "'.auld-be probationer, and innaLe sympathy \\'ith all mank ind. \\' ithout thcse no nure \\'ould be \\"orthy of her calIi:lg. he naturally IlH~ to perform disagreeablc duties at time, and to tenu patient of all types; and without 10\'c of he r work and for her fellow creatures- no matter \\' 11'0 they a re- she could not continue. Nowadays it is e sential that a nurse should ha\'e had a ~ ooel general education bcfore laking up her life's work; a nd that he be intelligent. So much is expected of her. She mLlst understand what he i doing, an(1 why a certain treatnll'nt is givcn, and the result ought. Shc mu t be abl~ to r~ad signs and Sylll ptOl1l , and to report on them in a n Intelligent manner. And she must be able to assist thc doctor when required. In order to do the~c things her mind l1lu.st be capable of a simulating knowledge and have been t rall1ed to study. In no other profession is it more nece sary that the Illen:b<::rs. practice unque tioning- obedience, and be subject to dl~clpll11e . To many V.A.D.'s the strict discipline in the llO~pltals they attend appears to be sOl'1ewhat irksome, and so It must do to the new probationcr. Yet the rules have been framed for the good of all-the patients and the staffa nd tile probationer must bc ready to obcy every order, no l11atle~ what he 1.1ers If may think of the de irability or the nec~ssity of so dOlllg. It is up to her to discover the reason fo~ It aftcrwards, for nurses are not now supposed to obey bhndly and to ask no questions as to why such treatment is

A I D. given. In the business world and in other professions disobedience may cause serious loss or inconvenience; in a bospital it may cause much additional suffering or even loss of life, hence it cannot be tolerated. Loyalty is another virtue a nurse must possess-loyalty to her patients, to her immediate superiors, and to the hospital and all its staff. Having succc sfully applied to a hospital to be admitted for training, the applicant's name is placed on thc waiting list, which in tile case of some of the larger hospitals is a long one. Each probat;oner must go through a period of trial, which varies in length in different hospitals anu usually occupies about two or three months. During this period she is taught elementary Anatomy, Physiology, and also IIYlSiene and Cookery; and she reccive a certain amount of practical training in the \york that will be expecteu of her when she enLers the wards. At the end of this period, she will most probably be givcn an examination, and if successful and the repJrt of her ability and conduct is atisfactory, she \\'ill be allo\\'ed to sign a contract a nd enter on her three ) cars' training. \\Tork then begins in earnest, practical experi e nce being gained in the \\'ard , and theoretical knowledge, which i now rightly deemed so essential, by means of lectures from the medical taff and the Sister Tutor. But th e life is not one of all \york. Rec reation is necessary if health is to be maintained, and hospital nurses are encouraged to take up out ide interests and hobbie, including sport. Haying completed the required period of training and pa ·sed the examinations held during th a t time, both those arranged by the particular hospital and by the General I\ur ing Council, the nurse becomes a member of the most honoured profession, and one which is not o\'ercrowded as so many others arc. ~lany branches of the profession are opc" to her, at home- in ho pitals, as a pri\'ate nurse or as a peciali t in some bran ch in "'hich shc has trained-in the sen'ice of the Xavy or .\nny, or abroad. The remuneration is not great in com pari on \\'ith that gained clse\\"h re, but it i better than it \\'as. It must be remembered, ho\yc\'er, that a nurse ha a fuller life than that li\'cd by mallY of her sisters, and althoug!: her \york i not for e\'eryone, to those \\"ho are adaped for it and \\' ho are able to adopt it, labour brings its o\\'n reward. Items (Di ~ isional news and competitiom, social, interesting duties, lectures, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon St., London, E.C.4.

A whist and bridge dri\e wa held in the Vestry Hall on September 28th in aid of the funds of the Bourne Diyision of the.S.] . .;\.B. A t. Commis iOller Capt. .\rmstrong during an 1I1ten'al ga\'e an account of the \\'ork done. A stretcher, presented by an anonYl1lou donor to the CharIton .\mbulance Section of the London County Council Tramway Social and Athletic A.ssocialion, was handed to a reprcsentatiYe of the ection during an inten'al at a recent concert. On the complction of 25 years' sen'ice as Superintendent of the Keswick Division, S.]. .\. B., Ir.]. Gardiner was precnted \\'ith a sih'cr rose bowl, suitably in cribed, and a large photograph of the members of the .\mbulance and Nursing Di\·isions.

The "DECORATORS' « P A INTE RS' MA OAZI NE " 8d. monthly ) is T H E tra d e pa pe r fo r all interestel1 . Publishing Office: 46, Can non Street, E.C.4.

FIRST

l04

Queries and J\nswers eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules:1. -Letters contai~ing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4· 2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue. 3.- The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this column is the 38th (1928) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid. FR ,\CTC[~ES

l)1

LEG ,\:\D P.HELL.\.

].\\'. (\\'aketl~ld).-Pleas~ gi\'c ,us your ,!ew,s ,as t,~) thl! correct treatmcnt of Simple l'ractures of Tlbw, I~ lbula and Patella, all injuries on same leg . \\'e are of opinion that three splints should bl! used, but ar~ doubtful as to whether the bandage for control of Patella \yould bc tight cnough to steady thc broken ends if passed round the 1\\'0 splints for thc lcg, Personally I see 110 rcason \\'hy YOU should not treat tbe Fractured' Patclla in the usual - \;'£11', ~xcept that, of coursc YOU would slide the back splint into position, and at all' C'osts a\'oid raising the lower limb, This done, you \\'ould proceed to treat the Fractured Leg in thl! u:,ual way.-K. CORBET FLETUIER. EX.\:\lI:\ATIO:\ Ho\\'u.I{. D.S. (East Ham). - In a recent clas::. examination <l member was asked: "Tr'hat are S/~I[71S.l" He electrified the other members of the class \\'hen he replied: 'c Posts on tile Arterial Roads." Good! X cxt, please! ~ - :\. C. F.

,-\SI'}IY}"'IA A,XU FI{ACTURE 01 TIJll;lI. l.1). (.-\ml11onford). A_t a recent competitiun the patient was supposed to be suffering from Asphyxia and from Simple Fracture of the Thigh. Our team was com petina' and the Dearer who applied Schafer's :'II ethod of ,-\;tificial Respiration knelt across the patiellt, at the same time being careful not to press on the fractured thigh. The judge remarked that the: team would receive no marks becausc, by applyiug arti6cial respiration in this manner, the Bearer \\'ould most certainly causc aggravation of the fracture . vVe shall be obliged by your ruling in this matter.

The judge has spoken; and with his decision I fi~~ ~10 fault Thc wiser plan would ha\'(~ been to apply artlitcml respiration from the uninjured side of the patient.- .C.F. TRA'SPOSITlON OF INT E Rt-: ,\L OI~GANS.

P.B. (Cardiff).-I enclose a newscutting from thcJoztrnal OJ Institute of I-Iygz'ene, as I think that it wil l provc intercsting to readers of FIRST AID . ",\t Hanwell Cottage Hospital recently, a radio(Tram was taken of a \'isitor presenting' transposition of ~he internal organs, i.e., thc heart, lungs, li\'er, stomach and intestine presented the mirror image of the normal. r\ccording to Dr. i\. H, Harris, Uni\'ersity College, London, this state of affairs occurs in at least one of C\'er) 80,000 indi\'iduals. It was first recognised in 1824 wben the use of the stethoscope becamc general, and in 1924 two I talian physicians reported healthy

A In.

October, 1932.

t\\'ins of 25 ye,lrs of age each ha\'ing the heart all lhe right side. .-\natomists ha\'c 0 far faikd to disco\'cr an)' a d eq uate hypothes is of its causatiun . " Thanks for culting which we ha\'c pka~lIrc in reprodu cing here at your request. N.C.F. L.\Hl,E~T Ol{l~.\:\ 1:\

JIlL

TI~E,\ I ,\1 I:. X I

\\'e do not ted hurt because) LlU dis,q.,:-rl·l·. \ blullL statemcnt of yicws, howe\ er, i.., no argullll'nt ; .tlld I UIII on ly repeat that, since an orgiln i.-; "a part III thL' hod) lilted for carrying out a natural l)r \ it,d opcration," on thi.., l~l'lini tion thc skin (sec Textbollk p. -tD) t's the largcst \lJ'~an III th~ body. - :-.r.C.F. Tlu:.\DJE 'r OF \\ 0L',\,1l \\'1'1'11

.\In I'.I~I \1.

/)11 1', 1>"\;.

.\ ..\. (Parramatt<l, :\.S. " -.). - l·ndLl' llll: CellL'ral Ruk~ luI' TreatmenL of ,\rterial II. 'll1urrhagc thl' '1\\.thl10],; ill Rule 2 (p. ~3) instructs u~ tll "elc\'ak hkeding part, except in casc of fracturu.l lil11b." It lilIes III t, IW\\'l'\'l'r, tell u!:> that \\'e arl! tll keep limh ekultcd. J'k,lS~ 111' gllod enough, thereForc, t() "tate \\ hcthl' r \Ir IW th~ lil11b should he lo\\'~rcd again aftl'l' trlatl11l'nt (If \\·llUlld. ,\s the TLxtbook docs Iwt ~i\'l' il1~trul· tillIlS flll 1L)\\'l' 1 ill~' lil11b, it i - ~afe (and alo correct) tu assume that it 1I1Lan.., YllU to keep the limb raised, espeliall) ;IS in the S,llllL' Ruk it gi\'cs a \'cry Cl)gcnt reaSlln for 0 doin~. X.c. F, '1'[,'>1s 1,01{ :\L'R~I:\l. CO\II)ETlII\):>:~. E.E plan::.lield) .- \\'e di'L finding it \LI) dil1indt tll \lbtaill detailed te::.t pieccs for :\ur ing llll11petitiLllh, ;Ind Sll I venture to ask if you can t~ll us when~ tl1l'se may he obtained. If not, I wonuer if ) l)U l'ould lind time to prepare a Ie,,' for us, as \\' C arc so anxiolls t\l il(.hdnce ill competition work. SPI, CI:\IE:\

Properly prepared and uelailed l11ill king she~ls t<lk~ hours in their compilation. 0, as thl!rc is no SUUI'Ll' of supp ly other than tests used in actual competition.., and published aften\'ards in FIRST .\11), I can onl, SUg-gL~t that you approach your Di\'isional Surgeon and gct him to und~r take the task.- .C. F. SL\ll'LE FRACTCRE DF TIIl!.\ W. B. (S utton-in-Ashflelcl ).- The Tcxtbook in Rule 2 Oil page 57, tells us that splints should be applied O\'cr the clothing. Please tell me ho\\' wc shou ld ael in thc case of a Fractured Tibi a which, on exam in at ion, pro\'cs to be Simple. Having cut up the seam of thc trou!'Jcr, shou ld I pull back thc trousers and place splints on:!!' the clothing, or s h ou ld I apply a well-padded splint to the leg? Your kind ruling w ill bc appreciated . In an emergency full equipmenL is rar I)' aya il abJc. Consequently, fir st a iders are noL e nc0uragecl Lo expose s imple fract urcs, qui tc apa rt from thc in creascd risk of aggr a\'at ion -whi ch acco mpanies th e r emoval a nd replacemenL of clothing. So thc ans\,ver to your Lluery d epends on your s uppl y of materia l. If this is available in plenty, then wellpadded s plin ts will probably be marc comforting to the patient : but if it is not, then you would have to r eplace thc trouser and usc t he clothing for the purpose of paclcliJlt~ thc s plint s. Culling the seam of the trouser is noL to be unucrtal<cl1 TREAT:\IENT

light!) and should be schedukd all1o~lg the la..,l "resources ~f fi;-st aid examination . " Further, wlth a I'ractured Leg It would be unncccssary bccau!:>c ill 1110!:>t cascs (especially in thesc da)S of haggy lrouscrs) it should be perfec~ly easy in cases of dllUbt to pull up and down thc trouser Without any disturbance of the Il!g. ~. C. F.

B~)I)\.

.\ .A. (Parr:unatla, N.S. \Y. ). \\'ith rekrenle t\) queI') puhlished in ]ul) lLJ32 iSSLll! of FII{~I .\11), \\ itllOut being rude I consider that the lin.~r is the l<lq_~'~st l)rgan in the body and I apulogis~ for thus st,ltin~' Ill) \ ie\\ s, \\ hiLh arc in disag'fccment with tho e of "a well ].;:no\\ 11 alld popular lecturer" and) lmrself.

FIR S T

October, 1932.

OF LYSOL

[\)1'>0:\1:\(;.

J.S. llIull) -- In a r~cent CUlllpdilillil \\l! had to treat ~I ::.upposcd case \11 Lysol I\listlning-. Later \\'L' fou.nd 111" the ddaikd l11arking sh~L'l th,lt 11larks \\'ere gl\'Cn for t~ ausing paLient t\) \·lllJ1il." 'ol11e of us coftef\\'ards had an argull1i.:nt ;1'> tl' whethcr this \\'as contrary to the Textbollk instructions ,II' Ilut: and \\'~ agreed toask you tIl scttk tIll' p,)int fIll' U:>. If thL' Cllll1pL'titiLln W.ls L'lmductl·d \)n tlw T~xtbook, thell .1 ~T; l\ e l!rrur W,l:> made in the preparatiun uf thl' ddaikd marking ... hll,t, hel' au"'I' ill Rule.) ,Ill p. 173 lh.\: TextbllLl).;: l h (>lIt the trl'atl11('nl Ill' \)I'rll"ivc I\li:>,)ning, flll' \\ hidl all el ll L'li,' is CtllltLl-illdi,·atcd, and llil p. 17-+. 1I1ldl'r ., Special 1\li...un:>." it deliniteh !'tate'> that L\ slll gi\'es ~i~ns and ",YI11ptl)[11 llf Cl)rr,l~i\ ~ ]'lli~l1l1ing' . X .-C. F. TIlE \) L' ES Illl.· LI t

1)1.\\; . ·OSIS.

ll.~.

(Oerln J. -- ll1 a recent eXal1linalil1l1 a lull dl'~l'I'ipliull uf .In :t 'll;al C.be \\'a gi\ en ; and \\ L' \\ l:J'L' a~kcd to 1l1ak~ a di.q.':'lhl ... i... and to "'ll:-:'~c ... l thc COl'r~lt treatl11ent. ,\::-. a matll' r "f tac t, it \\'a ... a L,l::-.e llf .\pllplcxy, which \\'as a,,::-'Ul iakd \\' ith :->l) ll1 e 1Illu,>lIal ... iglb and , yll1ptOI11~, : \ Ll\\' 1 a-.l\: it lir:--t aiders <ll'~ SllPI1L I:->L' d tu recLlgnisl' :-- i~lb and ),111(1l0Ill-' \\ hich ale Iwt tIll' saml' as laid du\\'n in thl' Te. tlw(lk [\)1' .\p,)plexy. III l1l) opinion, t he que::-tillil \\'a" tOll far ath Hnc\.:d fllr lir..,l aider::. ; and I lil) not agrl e \\ ilb Ilw:>e \\ hll sa) that Ilrst .lider must gIl hl\'llnd tl1l' '1'L' .' II1,IO).;:. L'ndel' the e circumstances, 1 shail appll' ' iatl' ~l)tlr \alliable opinion. FirsL ,lid l' llahk' .., train~d PL' !':'lIIlS "tl) alrLlrd skill~d ,hsisl.lnce ill l'a,>\.:" t)f :lty id\'lll and suduL' n dlnL,>s" (Textbllok p. J1). In vi~\\' III thi", th~ nlli cial, ddiniti~)n, it is unfair ttl c\.peLt lirsl ;lidel's to make <In l' .-;u:: l diagnosis fnlill signs and )l11pt~lllb which ell"~ I1l1t gi\'cn ill the Texthook. Unly ill this respL'~ t ari:-'l's th~ L]Lle::.ti,1 11 ~lf " .$l\ anced First .\id," \\' hatc\'~r this terl11 nw\ 111L'~1I1. .\s. ho\\' '\' Cl', the LIUL'stion \\as b,lsed ull an actual case, I l'llihider it p~rkct1y fair and lllu t appropriate to a k Ilrst a idl.!r-; how thc\' \\'$tdd a ' t lInckr circumstances of ",hich a lull dcscripti')I{ \\'as gi\'cn. Of cours\.: 'Llur dillicult\ arl)se\\ith the "cnlencc-"Thc l. lcc i-. blal1Lh~d-; and thl:! ]1~lpib arc turned urm-ards," .\ p,t1e face l11,l)' on occasion be found \\'ith ;\popkxy when the 1 l<\~ l11orrhat;c is in a 1Mrt of thc brain whl.!r~ it cannot raise pressure within the skull; but whal "the pupils tU ln ed upwards" mean, 1 do not kno\\'. PL.\INI OF . \ Fmsr .\II)EfL F . P. (\Vig-an) .- Two wccks ago 1 had lo treat abo) \\'h o had dislocated his l'lbo\\'; and, of cour c, I had to take him to the Infirmary. The boy'~ father wcnt tor a taxicab: but whcn wc were about half-way, the cngine stopped for lack of petrol. The fathcr and dri\'er had no money with thcm, and so 1 had to pay fo r a gallon of petrol. The be"t part of the story, howe\'cr, is that I am stil l waiting for t h e return of my money. I wonder if any other ambu lance men haye been as unlurkyas I was and if thcy hm'e had to pay for petrol. If so I should like to shake thcm hy thc hand in hrothcrl) s: I11pathy. \Ve syl11pathif-l.! with )\IL! in your unpleasant experience, but we congralu lat you on thc c hee ry vV(\), in \\'hich you

10'S

A I D.

rccallthc incident. You ask if any of us ha\'c bl!en similarly treated. So I confess thitt I -was oncc "had" for the hire of an ambulance to hospital. - ;.;. C. F. CNCSCAL USE OF T RUNt,L'LAR R\:>:DACE.

F. P. (Wigan).-Six weeks ago I treated the daughter of my next-door neighbour for a badly cut forearm an~ s~ pported the limb in a trian~ular bandage before aS~lstll:g her to the house of the doctor who put In SIX stitches. There are many uses fur the Lriangular bandage, but you may imagine my surpri~c a day or t:\·o later wben I wenL into the backyard and sa\\' 111) tnangular bandage dyed red. FurLher enquiries elicited the fact that the girl's faLher was using it as a scarf! Can anybudy beat this story? Your luck has dearh bLen out during the last six weeks. Still you are meeting- misfllrtune so cheerfull~ that I cannot rdrain from thc popular expres~ion: "Gaud! 1\<:xL, please! !" :\.l'.F. FII{!:>T

.\[!) Oun' H.

H. D. (Lo\\~r Edmonlon).-Uwing to a difference of opinion among the members of our Di\'ision as to the contents uf a complete first aid outfit, we decided to a k you to gi\'c us your \'ie\\ s as to what such an outfit should contain. .\ "coillplete first aid outfit" shuuld contain all those items which ib possessLlr would like to ha\'e a\-ailable in the treatment of emer![encics. 0, as circumstances alter ca es, \'ou had better co,~-;'ull your Di\'i ional Surgeon and discuss the problem with him.-;\. C. F. COLD \Y.\f[,R FOI~ I3CH:\S.

,\. T. (Lncndcr Hill).- Can you plea e explain why Iodine i" used for Durns and Scalds? I am fulh aware of iudine and its action upon a cut· but, as to b~l ns I ha\'c no idea of it usefulness, so I ,,-auld be glad to hear your opinion. PersonalI), 1 prefer using cold \\'ater from a tap. 1 S,l), this after four years practical experience, as I al11 el1lployed in works where burns and scalds frequently happen. \\Thilst waiting for bi -carbonate ofoda and warm water the patient still feels the pain; bUl instantl) the cold \\'ater louche,> (he burn the pain is not only ca ed, the skin is hardened a well. As a fir t-aid \\'orker I am fulh' ;l\nHe of the treatment as laid down in the Textbook; but I feel that colel \yater should be gi\'en a fair trial. It has lon g becn claimed that the pain of s light burns may be relie\'ed by plunging the part in cold water or into hol water, or by h olding it in front of the firc. Personally, L would not like to adopt these methods cxcept for Burns an d Scalds of the firsl degree, namely those associated " 'ith reddening of the s kin only. I haye ne\'er heard of I odin as a dressing for these injurie. By the w ay, ha\' you forgotten the first three lines of Rul e 12 on page 20 of the Textbook ?-N. C. F.

LEGAL QUERY. G.C. (E.C.-t).-.\ a gcncral rule, it Illay bl' takt.::ll as sell led thaL if a branch llf a tree gTO \\- frol11 onc man's gard cn to anoLher's, the person into whose garden it gro \\'s is e ntitl ed to cut it down. This is hecausc il hccon1L's a nuisancc, and an) sulTcrer t herefrol11 may rel11O\ cit. \\'h en a tree hear fruit the myner may enter the garden \\'herein the actual fruit gro\\'s (11' ha~ fallen and may re l110\'c :mmc .-E . l\1.I.HL.I.ND \VOOL F

106

FIRST

AID.

Octobe r, 19.32.

Red Cross News. \ Y.-\X TEAD.- t the general in 'pectiol1 of the E ex/57) the detachment excell ed all r ecords in their knowledge of First Aid) Home X ur ing, tretcher-bearer duties and tran port of ,,-onnded, and the inspecting' officer paid a marked commendation to the Commandmant, 11r. H. J. Hammond, l\l.I.H., for the high tone of efficiency di played in each section of the ,,'ork. A display of drill wa gi\-en, followed by the tretcher drill and collecting \\'ol1l1ded with cases et by the in pector, Vd10 had expericnced sCfYice on the fi eld during the \\Tar. At the conclusi on he said that it became his pleasant duty to submit to headquarter an excellent report in all sections of the work, and that he ,,-as particularly pl ea ed with the transport of th e wounded bccau e a marked knowledge \\'as presented that the bearer knew their job. He thought that the work the detachment were doing as \-olunteers in their spare time was a credit to the country, and one of the greatest callings he \yas a wa re of: it ,vas impossible to commend them in words of the high efficiency that reigned in the detachm ent, and he would congratulate the Commandant for the enthusiasm he employed in maintaining a splendid report. It was, he continued) an honour to inspect the detachment because such efficiency as this detachment held made it an "important one" and he knew that any person falling \\'ithin the proyince of accident or illness for attention eyer)' member would administer his best and carry out accurate treatment. :Mrs. Railton, Vice-President, Becontree Division) representing Lagy Gwendoline Col yin, said ~ow highly pleased she was to he ahle to be present and wltness such a good demonstration of knowledge in all the work called upon by the Inspector) and she hop ed ~lr. Hammond would accept her congratulations for the work he must of necessity place at the disposal of the m embers to present such efficiency, and she hoped that we would present ourselves at the next Rally when her confidence would not be shaken that we would bring the cup to Essex. Mr. Hammond thanked ~lrs . Railton and th e Inspector for their cong ratulatory remarks, and considered it a great honour to haye such distinguished yisitors with them . He said.that h e was ycry proud of his detachment, and considered that he had eyery justification for it as every member had pre ent ed himself to the satisfaction of the Inspector, and the Yice-President. l\Iuch might be said of the unanimity th a t reings in thc detachment which he considered hi g hly important, as one could not go fa r with the reverse mcthod. Hc looked forward with the utmost confidence for future excellent results. The inspecting officer then presented the following awards gained for the current year : Quartermaster Collins and Head Section Leader F . W . Prentice) First Aid Bar; Ptes. T . H . Gunther and F. W. Godley, First Aiel Proficiency Badge; and certificates to Ptes. A . H. Scates, A. C. Scates, C. Scates, F . Sayage, and F. Hamilton .

CRr\?-\BROOK.-The annual inspection of Detachm~nt (Kent) No. 13 was held at the Drill Hall by an office r from Shorncliffe. Sixteen members were on parade. Others present were: Col. T. Toke (Commandant), Dr. C. H. Brett (Div. Surgeon), 11r. H. Parker (Q.M.), Dr.

J. II. Yolland, CB.E. (County Secretary) Clnd

lol. C. Pyc Oli \'cr, CB .E . (County Director). Dr. YoJ1and 'P0Ke in appreciation of the martness of thc detachment.

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &c.,

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

By N. CORBEl fLEICHER, •. B., B.C" B.'.(Ca.tlb), •• R.C.!!

Regulation- Right! Quality- Right! Price - Righ t

Plrat.A! Simplified and Tabulated, wltb Aldl to .emory. c.:~l. Si" I~mu ( alltbe CJ"triOllt.,~" i"t"odllctio" a"dw. ,,,do,,,. hit r~otJ DP,,,io,, 0/ tMoook."-LANCBT.

AIDS

COATS,

THORNTON

SPECIALITY.

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

No fact s reg ardin g th e R ed Cro s a re m orc firm ly established th a n tha t it was found d at Geneva, S witzerl a nd, in 1864 u nde r th e leaders hip of lI en ri Dunant, and that its e mbl em is the S wi ss nag in reverse colours . N eve rth eless, in stances cro p LIp in history of the use of a red cross as a badge of mercy in war. A letter appea rin g in the New Y ork Eve1Z£ng Post, points out the use of a red cross sy m bo l by a society formed in 1541 by Camillus de Lilli s , who was canonised a saint in 1886 by th c Roman Catholic Church, bein g made the patron of nurses . The s tory is that the moth er of de Lilli s shortly before his birth dream ed th a t she saw a child with a red cross on his breast follo wed by oth e r children with the same insignia. De Lilli s , as a y oun g man, set out to reform the admini s tration of hospitals and the care o[ the wounded of battle, org anisin g his society with the authority of Pope Gregory XIV, who granted the use of a red cross as a distinguishing mark. It is probable tha t the cross was of the usual and familiar form, and not the squarish Greek form. It is interesting to note that a Greek cross of silver is exhibited in the Red Cross Museum, used as the sy mbol of the U.S. San itary Commission in the Civil War.

CO.,

24, Commerolal St., BRIGHOUSE, TULBPH n NB

No. 281.

YORKS.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT,

HOME-NURSING.

EFFIOIENOY

CORBET FLETCHER, M.A . , M.B

Price, 3 ,'6; post tree, 4 /, . ST. JOH N AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION , St. John 's Gate, LONDON, E .C .•.

FLAC DAYS. HOSPITAL FETES. CARNIVAL DANCES. For all supplies write:

THE UNIVERSAL BUTTON CO., 13, 15g 17, SURAT STREET, BETHNAL GREEN, E.2.

FIR8T-AID.

Problem. 10 Stad" IUltmedt and ElIlmldltlol lolnd for Sealor StadedlS •• With~~t d~~Ot 1M O~~N will o. OJ g".at unJiCl i1f th. t"ai"i1fg 0/ t JuJu 111" whom it il dllig".d. "-BRlTISH ME DI CAL JOURNAL.

COMMON

ERRORS

FIRST-AID.

II. net: post ~d.

Errors In flrst·Ald Detailed and Bxplalned. , 1M: oook gi,,., ~ cl.~r", i1flig-llt i"to t M mlt hods ~"d di/liclllti.: 11) .m,rg,,,c,, t",~tm,,,t 0" I~Jlm.1f tlla1f t lu otfici~Z TixtbooN ituZI. " -LANCET.

COMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcher, In d ividual and Ques tion-Six F olders). P rice 6d. each net, post , ltd Each F older co ntains specia l ar ticle on Com petitions : -No. I, Training of Com· petition Teams; No.2 , Conduct of Team in Com pet it ion Room ; NO.3, Co=on Errors In Competition ; N O. 4. Fur ther Errors in Treat men t; No. s. History 0 Competi t ion Tests; No. 6, Preparation of Tests.

WHY

AND

WHEREFORE

FIRST-AID.

Price I •• ~d •• post free.

Filth Edition.

Dllfloultlel II Stndy and Iroatmedt lohed by Qaestlod aDd AdSwer. "w. cl1mm,,,d thil !look t o L,ct~",,,, t&1fd StlltU1ftl wllo will jf"d it 11/ rr.al lIt"Di. .. " - FIRST A ID.

M.R.C.S.

".\s ,l "'M!;: of rdcrence, the hook ,,·ill he cxcrcmely llsdul amI should he in the iihmn' of nIl nt11hlllanc~' \\·IH ·kl·r ... . " F'H<" \11). •

Price II. 2d. , post free.

Post free , II. 3d .

Post free, III. 24.

Rev ised.

AMBULANCE

TH E

The Red Cross Symbol.

FIRST -AID.

nlme·ftDrlldl! Simplified and Tabulated, wltll Aldl to .emory. • TlIll 6~ok wo"tU"jwll" limjJli/i1l a compl,x 11ID;.ct ~"d shollid 01 ",ad 011 al. ztlld.1ft:."-L. 8: N.W. Rv. GAZBTT E.

S r!lI'f P. C. jor Price Lisl an d Sell-measurement rorms.

During the fisca l year ending' J une 30th. 1tlJ2, tll l' Ame r ican Red ern -s 'ocict), among other things, aided -+ --+,000 iamilie in re lief \York, attended 6~ disatLrs,tlch as cyc lones, floods, mine explo ions. etc.! \\ hich lo()k place in America; and al 0 aid \\ as g'in'n on fin: ()ccasion,> ill other countrie ' . The llumber of llurse.;; \\ h() lnroIkcl in the Red C f OS :\ursc Rcser\'c totalled 55.72.2. oi whom m 'er 31.000 \yere on the acti\'e Ii t, read) to rc pOlld tn call from the Army, ~a\y or the Red 1'oS<; Disastl r en·ice . The Public Health Xurse . made 1.3:;7.3:5 nur ing visits and inspected 951.825 chi ldrcll ill sch()o]s. In the Life Saving Scnicc 72,180 \\ ere enrolled and anI' 68,000 certificate were is uecl to persons takinp: COurSl in first aid to the inj urecl. The mcmbcrslllp of thL Red Cros enrolled at the la t annual roll call was 4 , OO-+.-+~() members and 6,775,508 in the Tunior Red r()ss. TIll' t'( , are 3,639 chapters in thc AmerIcan R ld ~ r(J~ . and 1O,()(JU branches of chapters.

Third Edition .

All Uniforms cut to Customer's own measurements

NURSES

Seventh Edition.

HINTS

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLIES.

Post (r~ e , 84 .

Orderly DUties Simplified au .! Tabulated, with A!dl to Memory.

d ".Olt co".p~c( o"l1chw"• . . c01f t aiMs milch lIu./JII i"fo,.".~tio1f ." -PRESCR I BBR

FIRST AID.

IlInstrated by 50 d iagrams In Colonrs with Explanatory L ett erpress. By Sir JAMES CANTLIE, K.B .E. , LL.D., M.A. , M.B . C.M. , F . R . C.S. , D.P.H .R .C , P. 7! d. net; post free.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES. Mounted on Canvas , R oller t op and bo ttom. 25s . net each. Post , IS. Human Skeleton, front vie w. 2, Mnscles , front view. 3. Hnman Skeleton back view 4. Muscles, back view. 5. The Heart and principal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (B). 8. Viscera of the Chest a nd Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (D). YO. The N ervo ns System. II. Schematic diagram of Circulation . 12 . The Human Ear. 13 The Hnman E y e. 14. Median Section throngh Skin I S. Median Section through H ead. I.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. M ale, 80S . net.

F emale, 808. net.

'Vith Foetus, 858. net.

Ca r riage 28.

book that is selling by the hundred.

ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. T he ir Signs , Symptoms a'1d "First Aid" Treatmen t. An Ideal Memori ze r Quick Re ference. By A. T . GOODING . Wit h Preface by W ILLIAM LcCJ.~ L.R.C.P. & S. Ed., &c., and JOHN NICOLSON, r-I.A. , :ilI.B., Cb.B.Glas. '8. 2d . net post free. _ _ __

J. M. CARVELL. M.R.C.8.Ea •. IN FEW WORDS. (200th thousand) R ev ised.

FIRST AID

With Coloured Diagrams.

HOME .. URSI .. B

I2Pp.

I ..

Clottl, 6d.

Strong paper, 24. Post Id. (56th thousand). R evis ed Strong paper, ~4. Post Id.

FEW WORDS.

With usefnl reference tables.

14 pp.

BA .. DAIII .. C

DIAIIRA_S.

12 PP'-72 bandaging diagrams, with notes.

Strong paper, ~d.

Post rd.

HEALTH I" FEW WORDS. By Sir R. H. FI~TH. D.P.H. F.R.C.S. 20th Thousa nd. P a per folder 3 in. and 4 iu. Post free 3d. net.

Tolephone I EAST 4091, ILLUSTRATED LIST FREE.

HOWARD M. PRB8TO~, D.",o"lt,,~t()" 111 thl Polyt"h,,;c. Price I.§. net; postage, 2d Its Application Accurately Described by 'Vords and lIO Diagrams. THE ROLLER BA .. DA8E. Price I.§. net; postage, 2d. lis Application Accuratelv Described by W ords and 102 Diagrams.

THE TRIA .. GULAR BA .. DABE:

CARRIAGE PAID.

1,000 Pairs New Stretcher Slings, 2/- pail'; 4 pairs, 7 /-; 10 pairs, 17/-

1,000 Ex-Army Ambulance Stretchers, 6/- to 20/- each. A. FIRTH,

20,

Wakefield Road, PONTEFRACT.

FIRST-AID A .. ATOMIGAL DIABRAMS. 13 (I to 1280d 14)on Roller

Post free, al. 9d. net.

THE

No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs

I /~

GOMPLETE MA .. IKI .. ,

Price 28, oet; postage <4d Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatc IDj Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects.

THE By

WHOLE

Tr:lEK:LA

ART OF BA .. DAIII ....

BOWBER.

Illustrated.

Post free, II. 2d.

POGIlET FIRST AID SERlE •• By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C.M.O" C.I.B •• 0.5.0 .. M.I)

"FIRST AID " QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

(1) Poisoning, (2) H<r:morrhage, (3) Insensibility, (4) Asphyxia (Suspended BHnU Ing), (5) Fract~res , D~slocations and Sprains, (6) Wounds, Biles) Burns, Sc&ldJ Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Senes contalDs all the essentials of First Aid Printed on linen·lined cards, 31 In. X s! in. Third Edition. 6d. ne f ~.cb postage 2d extra.

To be cui oul and enclosed with ",II Que"ies

AIDII TO MEMORY FOR FIRST AID STUDE .. TS AND .. URSES VEJlNON NEWTON. M Jl C JlI.CBnll') 94. net. Pest

OCT.

1932

JOHN

B'LE,

SONS

D4NIELSSON.

Ltd.

83-91 , Great Titchfieid Street, London, W,l

Hobson & Sons

J. A. WYLIE & CO ••

Manufacturers of Uniforms, Headdresses, Accoutremen ts for

MEDALS, BADGES

(London) Ltd.),

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. SPECIAL OFFER of All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed TROUSERSPrivates-13/9 per pair. LIMITED

QUANTITY

ONLY.

Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

AND

No. 461.-VOL. XXXIX.

TROPHIES suitable for II

FIRST AID n

AMBULANCE AND 80CIETIEa.

CORPS

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL. No. 11Bronze, 3/- j Sliver, 4/6 j Sliver, Gold Centre, 6/9·

Original Designs and Quotallons post free.

Wholesale Pricls to all uFIRST AID" SOCIETIEI. Contractors to H.M. Ministry of Monitions, Russian Government. &c.

ADDRESS-

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I. Phone-Hop 0680 & 7065.

FIRST AID

London Showroom-

62,

HOLBORN

VIADUCT,

READER.5.

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. The Annual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3d. Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjecls penaining to the Iovement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers. All Reports, (;·c., should be addressed to the Editor at the address below, and should re:l.ch him before the 12th of each month and mUSt be accom panied (not tlecessan'/y tot' pubtication) by th~ name and address of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded Lo the Publishers, DALE, REVNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CA~ ' 0'> STREKT, Lo. DON, E.C.4. 7 elef[raphic AddresJ-" Twentl'-/ollr, London." 7 elephOlll-CWo-al Io/2I.

E.C.

Teiepbon8- 0840 Cit".

North of England Office: 22, YORK PLACE, LEEDS.

NOTICE

NOVE:\lBER, 1932.

CONTENTS

THIS

NUMBER.

EOITORIAL-

SURCICAL

EQUIPMENT.

"STERAID ' (Regd.) series ot absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dress· ings are placed in this Patent Container, which, bv a simple rotation, uncovers only the quantity of gauze or lint required; after cutting this off, rotate the Container in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from exposure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awat'd,d the Certificate oj the Institute oj Hygiene_)

All Dressings are of GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE. "C'

A_NIBiN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for receiving

oouucd dressings, sanitary towels,

etc_ Constructed for affixing in any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring-, without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST-AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, &c_ Complying with Home Office Requirements. SEND FOR PRICE LISTS:-

~OBE~T BAILEY & SON, Ltd. MARRIOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT ard at 137. Sentinel House, Southampton Row, London,

w.e.1.

ASEPTO BANDACE COMPANY, 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4.

Befol'e pUl'chasing youI' next supplies of

SURCICAL DRESSINGS, FIRST AID APPLIANOES, BANDAGES, etc., Ask us fop a q uotationYOU WILL SAVE MONEY.

Best

Quality - Quick Delivery Lowest Prices. Sole Agents for the well-known

ASEPTO

INSTANTANEOUS BANDACE. THE PERFECT STERILISED DRESSING. SAVES

TIME

WHEN

SECONDS

COUNT.

Prino-ed and l:'ublisheu by DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C·4, to whom all communications should be addressed. Telegt'ams-" Twenty-four, LoncWn." Telephone -Central I4 2I . . To be h",d of all NewslIgents, Booksellers and Bookstalls in the TTuitp.d Kin~dom and at all Railway Bookstalls of Messrs. W. H Smlth and Sons.

Thi-.. . 1.1 -callcd COllln1 wrs}' ]\)\\'anh Pl!lkcLil1J1 The Bon\' :,,-..ll'm l).tailctl-\I.;J king' ShLct, \'0. 39 ... S.J.A. Brig-adc District Reports ... Sl. .\ndn!\\·'s .\J1lhulancc .\ssocialion Priory for Wales Railway Ambulance News Carter' Patcnt Ele\'ating Gear Pol ice Am bu lance N c\\'s ... Lectures in Elcl11entan .-\natomy S.]. .-\. B. O\'l2rSea Our Nur es' Pages ... The Royal Life a\ ing Society Letter to thc Editor "R. i\. Jones" Cup Con;~etition ::: Durham, Cleveland and \\'e tmorland District Ambulance League First Aid and thc Law

lOt)

110 111 113 1H 117 118

120 122 123 124125 126 128 129 131 131 131

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

Thanks to the Doctor Examination Howler Authorised Contents of Pouch... Treatment of Dress on Fire Treatment of Ccment in Eyes... Trcatment of Fractured Ribs and FcrI1lur Special TreatJ11C'nt of Poisoning Some Possible Fomites Treatment of Prouucer Gas Poisoning ... Sling for Severed Arteries and Crushed Hand Signs and Symptoms of FracLured Scapula Treatment of Fractured Patclla Comprcssion of Iliac Artery Legal Queries

132

132 132 132 132 132 132 132 134134134134134134-

Entend at ] [ Stationers' Hall

PRICE THI{EEPENCE [3/6 PER ANNUM, POST "FREE

EDITORIAL. THE article entitled" The First Aid Controversy," which was "CO~TRO\TER Y." reprinted from Safety Fz'rst, in our last issue has been the cause of much discussion among our readers. This article, which was inserted in its entirety with nothing added or deleted, has also caused resentment among the members of the St. John m bulance Association and Brigade. It has been suggested that because we published the article, the views stated therein were favourable to us. This we most emphatically deny. Our main object was to give ambulance workers a fair chance to defend their good name against accusations appearing in a journal which few of them see. The address given by Dr. Stowell at the Safety First Congrpss held in London in lay last, received great pu blici ty in the national press. \Ve then urged all ambulance associations to bo-ive a concerted denial to the aspersions cast upon the voluntary ambulance workers. To the general public, who do not know the limit to which first aiders may go, such statements tend to give great misgivings of the work done by the am bulance man and woman. How can they have confidence in an ambulance organisation when that organisation is being attacked by a doctor? If the accusations were logic or just, they would be permissible, but Dr. Stowell and 1\1r. Page both made statements which do not come within the scope of first aiders. The accusations must be definitely and publicly denied by the authorities of the various associations, and so give their mem bers further confidence to carryon the good and national voluntary work in which they are engaged upon. TIllS SO-CALLED

FIRST

110

Towards Perfection. By

"MALLEUS."

ise men ne'er sit and wail their woes But pre ently preyent the ways to ·wail." -Shakespeare (Richard II). CC \ \

ANYONE who has read FIRST AID at all regularly for the past few months must have been struck by one rather peculiar thing. Letters and articles published in its pages seem to have been tending in one direction. The writers have been different and their subjects widely varying: but one idea keeps cropping up in all of them. Sometimes the the idea is presented clearly and definitely; sometimes one has to read right into the writer's mind to perceive it-but it is there. This idea is one that indicates a very healthy state of mind in First Aid circles generally and in the Brigade especially. The suggestion is : " We have done great things: let us not rest on our laurels: let us go on to achievements still greater. \7i[e are rightly proud of our great organisation-let us become prouder still." Alexander wept for more worlds to conq uer ; and found that the greater victory was yet unwon until he was master of himself. Few fresh fields of activity are open to us-every kind of duty is adequately covered; but we can look into ourselves, individuallv and collectively, and see just where we can bec~me more efficient and so more useful. We cannot well extend the scope of our organised work: but we can see that each one of us is doing his own particular job as well as possible. " Yes," says the reader, " that's all very fine - but how can I make myself better at my first aid job? I think I'm doing it quite well, anyway;" "VeIl, it is always easy for us to see fault In others: I can always see the mote in my brother's eye, and not be aware of the beam in my own. But the fact that I do see the mote in his eye should make me stop and think" What of myself?" So if we see things that we don't quite like in our comrades, let us examine our own actions and see if, when we look at ourselves honestly, we have any failings. Self-examination is a~~ays hard; self-honesty is necessary; and self-cntlclsm must be constructive if it is to be useful. We measure a length of cloth against a standard yard-measure-just in the same way, we can measure ourselves, not only against our comrades, but against the standard in our own job. We can ask ourselves these questions:1. What is the ideal, what is the standard in my particular job in the Brigade? 2. Am I up to it, and if not, where do I fall short?

A I D.

November, 1932.

Let us consider this as it applies to different positions in the Brigade :1. The standard Man in the Ranks. 2. The standard Divisional Superintendent. .3. The standard Divisional Surgeon. 1. THE STANDARD MAN IN THE RANKS. A private in the Brigade would be the last man in the world to describe himself as a noblehearted altruist. But the very fact that he has, before joining the Brigade, subjected himself to a course of training and study is in itself evidence that he has in him, although it is inarticulate and scarcely recognised by himself, the dest"re to serve and the will to make himself fit to serve. It is often lost sight of by the unthinking and superficial, that ambulance 'lPJo7'/, benefits not only the community, but the worker himself. It develops qualities of brain, heart and character, that make him a better man, just as his servic~s make him a better citizen. Having proved by passing a qualifying test that he has pursued his course of study painstakingly and thoroughly, and having been admitted into the Brigade, he is given no temptation to fall back into mental slu a gishness and desuetude: he must keep his mind always alive and at work, always in touch with his subject, in order to satisfy an annual re-examination. So our standard man in the ranks has first of all the will to serve, and the will to improve hi mself. He learns to serve and, in learning his job, learns self-discipline. For who will not agree that first-aid studies, if not abstruse, ,ue yet sufficiently arduous, to an averag~ man livi.n.g an average life, to demand ad m Irable qualIties of patience, determination, and to a greater or lesser degree, self-sacrifice? ... . These qualities, developed In hIS t1~at1211Zg, are necessary in his actual first-aid jJract£ce. He has learnt the theoretical and technical part of his job, " by a knowledge of which trained persons are enabled to afford skilled assistance j n case of accident or sudden illness," as the Black Book says. The Textbook is his teacher and his guide. There, in a wonderfully simple and conci!:ie way, he is shown how to deal usefully and adequately with every possible emergency, without being encouraged by a single word, a .single hin~, to. go one step into the dangerous terntory that lies Just beyond the frontier of his First-Aid training and responsibility. He knows this Black Book and understands it ; he is able to apply his teaching in any C£1~cum stance when he is calm and collected and able to think,' and, what is more, when he is bothered, rattled and frightened. "If you can keep your nead when all about you are losing theirs and

November, 1932.

FIR S T

bla1ning £t on you "- that's the test of whether you know your job or not. We can lose our heads just as much when we are working together with our comrades as when we are on our own. This is where discipline comes in-both the disci pline taught us from without, and sel[-reliance developed from within. H is feel ing that he knows the Book will gi ve the am bulance man self-confidence. Selfconfidence harnessed and running in pair with self-con trol makes a fine team called elf-Rei iance - a team for any stable to be proud to have trained. 0, calm, collected, knowing exactly his powers and his limitations, our" Standard Man in the Ranks" croes on duty-self - effacing, till needed, and ready to do his trained, efficient best for his patient when the call comes. The t. John Textbook, on p. 16, tells us the q ualities desirable in a First Aider. Let us add to the list: Clear Tllillkz"Jlg, Quz'elness, Hzt17zziziy, SelfR ehance, Dzsciphlle. 2.

THE

Dr\-r roNAL SL·PERINTENDENT.

The ' upcrintendent is senior executive officer o f his Division, and hence occupies a position comparable to that of a ompany or Battery Comma nder. II is both the father of a family and the captain of a team. He must bring up his children in the way that they should go; he s hould be watchful and careful of their activities a nd pro a ress (the Prayer Book puts it well, in old-fashioned lan g uage, "prevent them in all their doi ng s "); and has always upon him the responSIbility of exampl. ~Ien imitate their officers as children do their father: and the more the officer is beloved and r spected, the more will he be co pi ed. IIe is r spon ibl to his Area or District chief fo r the efficient running of his Division; he is res ponsible to his men that they are trained well a nd used rightly; more, he is responsible to h umanity that the first aid unit he commands is a machine fit for its function of alleviating suffering and saving life, and not merely a highly polished sham. His personal efficiency as a first aider must be of the highest standard, but he must watch that he g ives no excuse to his men or to his lay acquainta nces to regard him as a medical oracle. He must know his men-each one has his own peculiarities, his own pet faults, his own especial excellencies. Each man must be trained, coached, coaxed, and used to get the best out of him, and the best 'into him. One man is good with kiddies - so he's the man to cover the Childrens' Treat; a nother is more of a sporting type-send him to the Boxing Tournament; another is new and as yet unblooded-send him on duty with an old hand Once or twice. In the administrative conduct of his unit he

A I D.

111

must be wisely just and kindly wise. All sorts of little troubles are liable to arise in a voluntary organisation-but, in passing, let us note that the better the discipl ine of the unit and the greater the self respect of each individual member, the fewer schlemozles there will be. U nd ue reliance on rank in settling domestic storms within the division is often less valuable than personal influence based upon recognised strength of character and constant exam pie. My own experience has been that discipline is very high, and of the best and truest type, in Divisions where the Superintendent is a religious man-or in Divisions where all the members are of the same faith and race. (To be concluded.)

The Bony System. By 1\1. N. OSTER, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Dzvzs£onal Surgeon, S./.A.B. THE skeleton or bony framework of the body consists of 21.3 bones, thirty-three of which are in the middle line, whilst ninety are on each side and are paired. This bony frame serves three distinct purposes. Firstly, it forms the chief support of the body for if you look at the human frame you at onc~ notice the firm bones which form the main support or framework of the body from the lower limbs upwards. Without its strong framework the body would be utterly unable to support itself in any position. Secondly, the bony system serves to enclose and to protect the internal organs. Look at the head and chest and see how such vital orrrans as the brain, the heart and lungs are protectedbagainst undue pressure and violence. The brain is enclosed in a case, the skull, which forms a stron a protective box. In a similar manner the bon~ outline of the chest is so designed as to safeguard the delicate organs within it. Thirdly, the long bones of the skeleton enable us to move. These latter structures have to do most of the work in moving the body. They are surrounded by thick flesh or muscles which act as the levers in facilitating the movement of bones upon each other. Wherever much work has to be done, there we find the greatest amount of muscle. The bones can be divided into several distinctive groups. We have the long or cylindrical bones, the flat bones, and lastly the short or irregular bones. Exam pIes of the long bones are seen in the upper and lower limbs. They consist of an intermediate cylindrical part, named the shaft and of two thickened ends covered with cartdage (or

112

FIRST

gristle) which articulate with adjoining bones. The outer portion of the shaft is compact, whilst the inner or spongy substance is porous and is filled with blood vessels and marrow . The articular ends of the bone also consist of an outer com pact layer and an inner porous mass. The flat bones are seen in those part of the skeleton which serve to form bony cavities. Such are met with in the skull, the breast bone and the pelvic or haunch bones. The short or irregular bones are small. They have a cubical appearance like the individual bones of the spinal column, namely, the vertebra=, and the small bones of the hands and feet. The component parts of bone consist of periosteum, bone substance and marrow. The periostem is a thin tendinous membrane or skin, rich in blood vessels, and is firmly adherent to the bones except at the articular ends. The blood vessels branch off from this structure and rutl into the pores of the bone for purposes of supplying nourishment to the bone and ultimately to reach the central marro"w . If the periostem is injured, the underlying bone (cut off from its normal blood supply) becomes diseased or dies. After injuries, new bone is formed from the periosteum. An inflammation of the periosteum causes severe pain and leads to prolonged illness. Growth in thickness of the bone takes place from the periosteum, and as the bones of the skull develop entirely from the periosteum, they are said to develop in membrane. The bony substance itself has a yellowish colour and is formed of several constituents. For the greater part it is made up of animal matter and partly of mineral or earthy matter. The latter gives to bone its hardness and strength, and enables the bone to retain its shape for many years. In infancy there is a much smaller proportion of earthy matter in bone than in adult life. The bones at this age are less rigid. This explains why it is so easy to bend or twist a child's bones out of shape. The rickety child is seen as bowlegged. The child is not born with distorted limbs, but bad nursing and allowing him to stand too early have caused the soft yielding substance to bend. In adult life, human bone contains about two-thirds of its weight of mineral matter (chiefly calcium phosphate). The effect of this mineral matter is to harden the bones. With the advance in years the bones become even still more deeply filled with earthy matter, and thus in old age, the bones become very brittle. Fractures of bone occur therefore more frequently in the aged than in children. In elderly persons a slight slip will often cause a fracture of the neck of the femur (thighbone), and it is then a very difficult matter to get the bone to re-unite firmly. A child's bones are too flexible to break easily and, after a fall, they tend to become twisted and

A 10.

November, 1932.

deformed. Cartilage or grisLle which has a bluishwhite colour, unites the earthy conslituents. In arl y 1i fe most of the bones are represe n ted by cartilage, the skeleton for th most part consisting of this material. Cartilage is much Jess brittle and much more elastic than bone. It can be readily cut with a knife, differing in this respect from bon~. It also differs from bone in containing no blood vessels. In the process of time the cartilage throughout the great r part of the boely is replaced by bone, and in the adult, cartilage is only found in such situations as the windpipe, the ends of long bones and the costal carli lages. I n very ad vanced life the cartilage even in these situations tend~ to become ossified or transformed into bone. \Vithin the cavity of bone \\e meet \\ ith the marrow which is a fatt\' yellowish-red substancc, full of blood yessels. tile marrow or mc JulIa is said to occupy the medullary cavity, and is itself one of the blood-forming tissues of the body, being occupied in making and sending into the blood stream the cells which form the blood and which in their turn are continually breaking do\\ nand are being continually replaced. Thc blood \ 'C ~els come from the periosteum \\'hi h, as \\ e pointed out, lines the bone and enter through an o[1cning in the shaft. This opening is known as the nutrient foramen, and nutrient foramina can be found on the shaft of any long bone and in other bone a well. Bones are united to each other bY means of (a) joints; (b) sutures; (c) cartilage. - 'I'h\.: joi n b may be classified as fixed and movable. Fixed joints are much less numerou~ than the movabk ones and examples of these may be found bet\\'een the bones of the skull and the bones of the fa 'e. In the movable joints the degree of movement varies to a great extent. In such a joint as the shoulder, almost universal movement can be obtained, whilst between pairs of the vertebrcc which are also movable joints, the degrec of movement allowed, is very small. To permit of movement taking place smoothly and freely between the bones forming a joint, some provision must be m ade for the gliding of the one over the other. \Ve thus find tbat in the living subject the ends of bones are protected by a layer of cartilage and are lubricated by an oily fluid called the synovial fluid which is secreted by a layer of cells covering what is known as the synovial mem brane, and which lines the joint. To avoid the loss of the synovial fluid from the joint and to keep the bones together, the whole joint is surrounded by a capsule. At points where the strain is likely to be the greatest, the capsule is increased in thickness to form what are known as the ligaments. Tbe joint capsule has a great tendency to inOammation as for example in acute rheumatism. If the joint surfaces lose their state of apposition,

November, 1932.

F I R S T

as may happen after an injury, a dislocation is said to occur. By a strain we mean a stretching or tearing of the capsule of the joint or of the attached I igamen ts, such as is caused by violence. As a rule this is accompanied by a rupture of the blood ve sels, leading to an outpouring of blood under the skin and into the soft parts around the joint. The latter becomes swollen and appears purple. The cranium, consisting of eight bones, demonstrates the typical exam pie of the suture joint. These bones are united together by toothed ~urfaces which interlock and fit into each other to form an almost completely closed box for the brain. In later years the sutures entirely disappear by grO\\-i ng together and by ossification. Cartilage plays its part as a joint mechanism In the union of the ribs with the breast-bone. \Ve rna ' conclude this article by a sum mary of the main differences between tbe various kinds of joints. (a) There i the free or ball and socket joint \\ hicb allo\\'s of free movemcnt as in the shoulder and the hip. (b) A second er roup comprises the hinge joint, like the elbow and knee. In this type of joint, movement occurs in one plane only. The jaw joint are more or less typical hinge joints. In the interior of these joints there is an interarticular cartilage between the bones, the function of " 'h ich is to absorb vibrations likely to be set up \\"hilst chewing. (c) The pivot-joints are few in numb r and allow of rotation onl\'. Between the radius and ulna at the upper end, movement of the head of the former takes place around the ulna . . ' \\hIlst between the atlas and the aXIs vertebra=, the action involving rotation of the head is permitted to take place.

Detailed Ma rking S heet , No. 39. rE .\:'.! TEST. C.\'RD O! I ·STRliCTIOK .-Being on du ly in \\Thitehall on .\rmislice Day, your ,tea m is ca lled to a boy who has fall e n from a ",indow on the first Jloor of a house in a street ncarb\'. l~he .accidel:t o~curs 80 yards away from your Al11bulan~e StatIon ",hlch IS fully ec.luipped, and you know that a Surgeon is on dut) there. . \ct as you should. . NOTE FOR JliDGE. -A.rra nge Ambulance Station equipped WIth stretcher, ha',e rsack, water bottle and blanket. Place boy on his back will! eyes shut, red mark on forehead and arm under his head. Strap pieces of cork to right forearm and left arm to represent fractures. Arrange table to represent Ambulance and conceal at first with screen.

DETA!LS OF TEST. hL\lEDIATE A TlO ' . OnI cer promptly order team to collect Haversack, water bOllle, blankets, stretcher Retain l1lessengel-; rapid advance to accident Detail Nos. 2 and i- to examine the patient And lOS. 1 and 3 to prepare and test stretcher Keep back crowd; send Bystander for policeman And a k him Lo control the crowd Send to Station for Surgeon and Ambula;;~e

A 10.

113

EXAMINATION OF PATIENT. Speak to and touch the patient (no response) Examine spine carefully for irregularilY (i VO) Decide to turn boyan his back (melfwd) .,. .. . Ask colour of face (ftztshed); observe wou nd on forehead Ask character (incised) ; colour of blood (scarlet) If spurting (not now) ; wound obviously dirty (no) Immediate digital compression of Temporal .\rtery Paint fingers and wound with Tincture Iodine Feel for irregularity or depression ot skull (no) Ask if blood or fluid from ears, nose, mouth (no) Examine dome of skull and lower jaw (1:0 injw)') Test pupils (unequal); response to light and touch (no) Test pulse (full and slow) ; skin (le1llpemfure ttp) ... Note breatbing- (shallow and z"7zc1z"lled fa slel'lor) Proceed with detailed examination of other parts Discover Fractures of both bones Right Forearm \Vith marked irregularity and swell ing both bones .\sk if any wound or bleeding present (no) Discover Fracture mid-sh a ft Left Humerus Ask if any wound or bleeding present (no) Efficiency of Methods of Examination ... Ask as to face, pulse, breathing (no clzang-e) TREATMENT OF PATWNT.

2 2

2 2.

2 2 1-

2 2 3 3 2 2

2 2 4-

2 2 1-

2 6

2 2

Loosen clothes; cover "w armly witb blankets HEAD: apply cold to head co~tinuously . . Keep flat with head and shoulders raised... \\T OU D : detail Bearer to make ring pad... Apply clean dressing-, ring pad and bandage Relax pressure; ask result (bleeding ceased) FORE.\R:\1 : bend arm at elbow, thumb upward Outer alld inner splints, from elbow to finger Bandage abo\'e fracture; figure-of-eig-ht below upport the limb in a large arm-sling Hli.\lERCS : bend arm at elbow, thumb upward upport the wrist in a small arm-sling ... Splints to front, back, and outer side of arm Secure by bandages above and bela,,· fracture Teatness and efficiency of \york done TRANSPORT OF PATIENT.

2 2 3 3 2 of of

3 2 3 of

2 6

N. B.-Tlze Surg eon arrives as treatment ends, and oniets tea m to load ambulance. Identify patient and send message to parents 2 Detailed report to Surgeon on his arri\'al ... 8 " Load stretcher "-Nos. 1, 2 and 3 all left of patient 1" Lift" and "Lower" (metlzod and care) .. . ... 1" Lift stretcher" (melfwd); "March" (method) 1Head one pace from rear of ambulance ... 2 lOS . 1 and 3 on left; as. 2 and 1- on right 1Iethod and care in loading amhulance '" 6 Efliciency and co-operation of Bearers iCompetency of Officer in charge of team., . iT

TOlal

158

------.--.-----Eight teams in the Doncaster centre competed 011 aturday, I\o\'ember 5th, in the Lane-Fox Ambulance Shield competitions of the York hire Collieries Ambulance Leao-ue. R~su~ts : BuIlc:oft 172 P?ints, Smithy Wood 1G7i points, Dll1nll1gton J\lall1 155~ POll1ts. Bullcroft pass into the final. 3'

•

THE HOSPITALLERS' CLliB.-The meetino- held at the

~on ni~gton Hotel on N O\'em ber 11 til proved t~ be of exceptlOnal ll1terest. A lect ure 011 "Our vVonderful Lano-uao-e " by Dr. E. F. Lund, illu tr<~ted by lantern slides. H~ tr~c~d Ollr modern language from the Roman, through the Norman and N?rman. French transitions, particularly as it applied to the .Flrst Ald l\lanual. On NO\'ember 19th a dance at StatlOner's Hall was much appreciated.

FIR S T

114

A 10.

November, 1932.

November, 193 2.

FIRST

No. III. Oistr-ict.

The St.

Brigade

fohn

Ambulance

Dzst?zct Reports.

No. I. ( Prince of Wales ' s ) District.

SHOREDITCII.-'£ o. 87 (Shoreditch) and No .. ( horeditch) Nursing Division) S.J.A.B., held a J0111t Church Parade on Sunday, October 16th) at All Saints' Church, Haggerston. The parade, consisting of about 70 members) assembled at the Crondall St. Schools, and marched down to the Church headed by the Hoxtoll Excelsior Band. The ser mon was preached by the Rev. E. Tipper, curate of the Church. Following the parade) the members formed up outside the Church, and were inspected by the C?unty Surgeon, Capt. K. Hammer, Lady District Officer MISS \ lValker, and the Rev. M. Davies, Vicar of the Church. The men then marched back to the schools where they had assembled, and the women's units were dismissed. The Shoreditch Divisions were yery pleased to welcome at their parade the County Surgeon, Capt. N. Hammer, Lady District Officer 1\Iiss V\! al~er, C;:entral A~e~, Dr. Ghai, Divisional Surgeon, Ko. 10) .CMddmay! ?lVlsion, Supt. Herbert, No . 80 (Stoke Ne~vl.n~on) DlvlslOnl Supt. Holliman, o. lOS (Mildmay) DlvlslOn, L.ady ~lY. Supt. ~Irs. Agar, o. 1 (Stoke N eW111gton) "i'J urS111~ ?lYlsion, Staff Sergt. Jaggers, No. 2 (Haggerston) DlVlSlOl1. and members of the Haggerstoll, Stoke ~ew111gton and Mildmay Nursing Divisions. .£ O. 107 (YORK ROAD) L.~.E.R.) DIVISION.-!he Divi sional Competitions were held last month at Sebnght Hall. Dr. V\T. Mailer (Div. Surgeon No. 13 (King's. Cross) Division) judged the team test, and Dr. W . A. 1\laIler the individual. Div. Supt. W. Roust awarded marks for uniform. The results were announced as follows:" Robbins" Challenge Shield (presented by Mr. F. C. Robbins, Goods Agent) King's Cross) : I, King's Cross Goods, 390~ marks; 2, King's Cross P. R. Offi~es) 341. cc Mailer" Challenge Cup (presented by DIV. Surgeon W. A. Mailer, for senior members): 1, Corpl; C. W . \Vaygood, 54 marks; 2, Pte. R. Oscathorp e, 53 2 ; 3, Pte. Packe 4n· 4 Pte. H. S. Barnes) 47t (As Corpl. Waycyood had r~q~ested that he be handicapped to the extent ~f 10 per cent. of his marks, the cup was awarded to Pte. Oscathorpe. ) " Massa" Challenge Cup (pres~n~e? by Mr. ~ .. B. :'lassa, Vice-President of the DlvlslOn, for J umor members) : 1, Pte. W. T. Rolls, 37 marks; 2, Pte. S. T. Nash, 35~. The competitions were witnessed by nearly 100 peo~le, including Dr. N. Carbet Fletche~) .Dr. ~. F. Lund, Dist. Officers McBride and Green, Rob111la, VIscountess Mountgarret, O.B.E., Div. Supt. Herbert) Lady Div. Supts. Miss Saunders and Mrs. Walton, Mr. Massa (Vice-President) and Mrs. Massa, Mr. F. C. Robbins and Mr. Garrod. Robinia, Viscountess Mountgarret, presented the awards and was herself the recipient of a bouquet of roses . Both the doctors who acted as judges spoke of the excellency of the work and gave helpful ad.vice. . . Lady Mountgarret also presented the VIce-PresIdent · Badge to Mr. Massa and examination awards to memhers of the Division.

Div. Supt. Dye proposcd a yote of thanks to the donors of the prizes to the judges. to Lady 110untgarrctt. to Officers from Headquarters and from Central Area, ancl to all friends who had supported them. . 11r. Han-ey proposed a vote of thanks to ~he lach es who had served tea, and the procecdings closed WIth a Yote of thanks to the Chairman, 11r. 1\la sa. This Division also held a concert on Octoher 22ml at ebriCYht Hall in aid of Diyisional funds. Thi wa arranged by Mr. Arthur Acrell and given hy the "XL" Entertainers. It is not the first time that the artistes comprising th IS party had ginn their services frce so that th e fund of the Division might benefit, and they ,Yell deserv cd the Yole of thank proposed by Supt. II. H. Dye. SOUTIIALL.-The Eighth Annual Dinner ami Dancl. u1 the Southall Diyisions, held on \Vednesday, To...-cmber 2nd, proved a great success. . . Coun. J. A. Saxon, J.P. (Chamllan, So.uthall.-t\o!wuud D.D.C.) presided, and among- t the ga,thenng ot 14~ \\'erl: Viscountess 110untgarret, Asst. Com. S. J. 'Varrcn,. Ottr:- t ) Surgeon Capt. Fenton, members of the COtl1:c11. hre Brigade and many local doctors and other proml11ent pmfessional and business men. Capt. Fenton, in proposing the toa t of the r. Di, isional Surgeons," said that those in Southall wcre somc 0 [ the keenest in thc Western Area . Dr. C. \Y. Seccombe responded, dcclaring that the reward for their interest and time camc. n ot on ly in the excellence of the results, but also in the ke~nnc . sand appreciation of the mcmbers th emseh·es. lIe paId tnbutc t() the work of Lady Supt. Miss Lcwis and Supt. T~ylor. In conclusion, Dr. Seccombe announced that Major J. J. Llewellin, 11.P., wished to give a cup for annual competition. . . . Asst. Com. Warren before submIttIng the toast o! r. No. 55 Southall Amb~llance and Nursing Di,-ision,," made the presentation to 11r. L. A. Harrison o~ th~ Badge of President. ReferrinO' to the work of the DIVISlOl1 1Ir. vVarren said that this ~vas highly valued. The section recently formed at Heston was anbtl:e~. branch, and he hoped this section would soon have dIVISIonal status. Supt. Taylor responded and said that the members were ever ready in the call of Duty. Dr. A. B. Brook proposed" The Visitors," to which 111'. E. O . Yerbury replied. rr The Chairman" was proposed by 11r. L. A. Harrison, and Mr. J. A . Saxon, in his response, con~rat~ lated the Brigade on the splendid work they were d0111g 111 the district. Viscountess ~10untgarret spoke of the work of the V.A.D . movement and praised the Nursing Division for the state of efficiency they maintained. Following the speeches, presentatio~s were .made; followed by dancing until 1 a.m., to mllS1C suppiJed by the imhrio Dance Band.

LYl.:.-On Saturday, October 29th, the final competition for the .( Christopher Shield," a trophy presented by Co unty Surg-eon II. Christopher Darby for individua l competition among t Amhulance men and Nursing si ters ill \Vorce ter. \\"a held. Seven competitors, \\ inners in the eliminating rounds, competed , whil t Dr. J. \V. T. Patterson, Surgeon of ])roitwich Divi ion, set and adj udicated the tests. Those present included the Asst. Commissioner, F. F. I.e Soucf Simpson, County. urgeon II. E. Darby, Corps SupL F. omers, Corps Secretary P. H. Schofield, Div. Supt . E. Lakin. Amb. Officer II. Mills) Transport Officer II. Barlow and Lady Div. upts. Miss E. Ollis, Miss ffamb lctt and Mrs. Firm . The fC ult was announced by the judge as follows: 1. Pte. J. \V. Clarke (Tipton). 85 marks out of a possible 00 : 2, ...... :'Iis ~I. IIopkin (Oldbury). 73; 3, Sergt. E. lh:rry (En 'ham), 69; 4.. Pte. Sims (\Vorce tcr), 67; 5. .sl'r~t. \Yilson OIaln.:rn). 62: 6. Pte. Parsons (Stewart and Lloyd) ..;6: 7, Pte. Leek (Droitwich). 39.

A I D.

11 5

Robbins, with a total of 114 points out of a possible 130. Pte. H. E . York was second with 105 points and Pte. G. Clue thire! with 104. The Cup and prizes were presented at the weekly parade on ovember 1st by Supt. W . E. Ed\yards, :'I.B.E., who congratulated the ,\ inners and also expressed the hope that all members would maintain and increase their efficiency. The Winter Social Session commenced on October 1st ",hen a very enjoyable \iVhist Drive, followed by a Dance, was helel. STOURBRIDGE.-The annual inspection of the Stourbridge Division took place at the Brotherhood HalJ on October 18th, the inspecting officers being Corps Treasurer J. A. Harris and Corps Secretary P. H. Schofield (Dudley and District Corps), in the unavoidable absence of Corps SllPt. C. Ollis; S.B. (Dudley). There were on parade Diy. Supt. H. Baker, S.B., Officer C. Da,-ies, and 26 of other ranks. Various forms of Company drill) hand-seat drill and stretcher exerci es were carried out under Staff-

The Heston Section) mentioned in the above pro ceedings, is doing well, and to obtain funds fo r uniforms and equipment, a dance will be held on November 26th .

PILO/O /»IJ

[A. TVinter, Ples/on. :\[embers of the Pre ton Corps .-\mbulance Competition (1932) Team. . eated : Di\·.. upt. ]. Bramley, Cadet Officer S. Stopford, D i\,. Surgeon C. D. Stanwell, Corp ' . Supt. Capt. E. F. li llington. tanding: \ .\T. Cross, G. Baines, \V . Wilson, Cadet ]. Singleton, C. Green, F . King. Troph ies: "Tunstill" Memorial hield, " \ViUetts" Cha ll e J') ~'e Cup, rr Galloway" Efficiency Cup (,,-on by Frenchwood Division), rr Smith" Boy Cadet Cup.

The hield was pre ented to the winner by Dr. Darby, who also presented service medals to Pte. J. Burfo rd and Transport Officer H. Barlow.

- ORTIL\MPTON.-The Annual Competition

for

the orthampto n Corps S.].A.B. by the late M r. S. B. Wilkinson, for individual efficiency) took place on October 11 th and 23t h. The Competition, which is open to a ll Corporals and Privates of the Division; was judged by Div. Surgeon Dr. Eric Shaw, l\I.D .) B.S., D.P.H., and Amb. Officer A. Lloyd. Thirty- four competed and ( h ~' winner was ftc. 1\1.

Cup, presented to the Headquarters Division of the

Sergt. 'vV. E. \ Yeaver and Sergt. \iI..'. H. Harper, with which the Corps Officers expressed satisfaction. Presentations of silver medals, bearing the eight-pointed cross of the Order of St. John and inscribed with the name of the recipient, were made to the members of the team who won the Corps Challenge (" Ollis ") hielcl early this year. Corps ecretary Schofield presented the Service 1\Iedal of the Order to Corpora l H. HadCYkiss for 15 years' efficient service in the Division. Corps Officer Harris was asked to forma lly present to the Division an oak-framed enlarged full length photograph of the late SerO't. George H . Brown, S.B., suitably inscribed with a reco rd of h is s ervice extending- oyer a period of nearly 30 )"Cars. A forma] resolution. p l~cing on record the Divi-

FIRST

116 sion's appreciation of ergt. Brown' service, was unanimously passed.

long and useful

VVHITTLESEY.-There are not many divisions that can claim the position now occupied by the \Vhittlesey Diviion of the Peterborough Corps. Starting in l-.Iarch, 1931, \\'ith eight men as a section of the Peterborough Diyision, with Mr. G. W. Foster as the member in charge, the section soon developed into divisional strength. . . . . At the bo'eneral meeting of 1931, a DlvlslOnal Superl11tendent was asked for and the position was offered to l\Ir. T. W. Blake, who has laboured hard at Brigade and Association classes. He has to trayel seyen miles to the Divisional meetings and his work is greatly appreciated by the members. The work of the Diyision is spread oyer a wide area. Football matches Fairs, Speedway meetings and places \\'here it is thou:rht help might be required, receiYe the Diyision's attention. The Division also giyes demonstrations at Garden Parties, etc. Dr. l-.Ieikle is the D iyisional Surgeon, Mr. F. VV-. Blake the Diyisional Superin tendent "w hilst Sergt. G. W. Foster is the S ecretary. There ~re 31 names on the register. A Flag Day h eld this year resulted in a profit of £19 8s. At a r eceI~t examination of a First Aid Class 45 passed out of 41 and four members passed the Home Nursing examination. The purchase of a motor ambulance is now contemplated' the nearest now being seven miles away. The numbe~ of cases treated to date is 171 and as many of the men work in the brickmaking industry, their services are often in demand. Eight members are omnibus drivers and here again useful work is being done. The Social Committee are a band of hard workers and hope to inaugurate an annual dinner and othe r functions during the season. . .. Sixteen Cadets are also attached to the DlvlslOn.

,v.

No. V. District. WEST RIDI TG OF YORKSHIRE.-The half-yearly conference of the Officers and Secretaries of the 74 Ambulance and ursing Corps and Divisions ?f ~he Midland Area, West Riding of Yorkshire, No: 5 Dlstnct, was held at Burley-in-Wharfedale. The ChaIrman of the Burley District Council (Mr. R Gossop) welcomed the del~gates, and District Officer W. Holdsworth (Leeds) preSIded. It was decided to hold the annual competitions for the Ellison Shield for Nursing Divisions on February 18th, 1933, at Bradford, and for the Zetl and Shield, for Ambulance Divisions, at Leeds on March 4th) 1933. By a large majority it was arranged to hold the annual field day at Bradford on June 10th to 24th. ARMLEY.-At a social of the Armley and Wortley Division held on November 2nd, Mrs. Hiley presented the examination and service awards. The opportunity was also taken to present a framed enlarged photograph of the Division to Div. Su~t. Edward D. Glover in recognition of his 18 years' serVIce) twelve of which having been spent at Armley. . Councillor Hiley presided over the functlOn and spoke highly of the work of the Brigade. . . . This Division, in addition to studYl11g FIrst AId, hold classes for ursing, Hygiene and Sanitation. Each subject has its own doctor-lecturer and in this way the members are kept interested in ~he work and .stimulate further activities. The three medIcal gentlemen 111 charge of these subj ects have the interest of the Brigade at heart.

A I D.

November, 193 2.

ASKERN.-There was a large number of spectators to \vitness the final for the" vVelfare Shield" which was held at the Askern Welfare Institute on Saturday, October 29th. Four teams competed, the judge being Dr. Duncan Malloch, who expressed pleasure at findin g sllch a high tandard of work among the competitors. . The result was: 1, T. Cobner's team, 88 P0111tS; 2, C. Bonsall's team, 87; 3, L. Freeman's team, 79; 4, \V. l\Iachin's team, 77. Thanks to the doctor "w ere heartily accorded for his services. Later, Corps urgeo n Dr. Duncan l\Ialloch presented to Corps Officer A. Bedford (who has no\\' removed to Oxcraft) a framed enlarg-el11~l1t port.rait ?f ~he Officer of the Askern l\Iain Corp, beanll<T an 111 cnptlOn, as a token of esteem and resp ect from the Officers and members of the Corps. He was also presented with a si l\'er cigar ttL' ca 'e. In making the presentation. Dr. ~Ialloch spoke iI~ high app reciation of )'1r. Bedford' erYJce to the Bngade. Corps Supt. C. Evans, Diy. upt. A. 'Villiams-, a.nd Pte. Bainbridge, al 0 referred to the <Tood work \\'hlch 1IT. Bedford had done during his term of office. Corps Officer Bedford suitably acknowlcc1crccl thl' o-ift .

November, 1932.

FIRST

wcre put through various drills, aftcr which they were complimented by the Inspecting Officer on their smartness. Mr. Wrigglcsworth said the Worthing Division could be reckoned in the front rank of all the Divisions. Dr. McCall gave the Inspecting Officer some details of the work done by the Division) and then invited him to present the" Edith Vicar" Cup to Pte. S. Lashmar who \Va nominated by the Superintendent (Dr. McCalJ) as heing, in hi opinion, the most useful member of the Division during the year. The holder of the cup, Pte. Etherington, was presented with a replica as a memento of his having won it last year. Other officer of the Division) in addition to Dr. ),IcCall, are: Dr. \V. O. Pitt) Surgeon; Councillor W. C. Terry, Tran port Officer and Hon. Treasurer; Mr. A. E. :'l1ilcs, mb. Officer; and ergt. A. H. Payne, Secretary.

No. IX. District. \VEY~rolJT1r.-Hi gh compliments \\'ere

paid to the

smart~ess and c~~iency of the \Veym outh Division by

Captall1 J. 'V. '\'. hite (~ollnty Commi sioner for Dorset) at the annual 111 pectlOl1 helel at the l\Ielcombe Regi s

A I D.

117

high standard of efficiency and smartness that had been attained by the Division. He said that although they were not increasing their membership at )such a pace as some other Divisions, it was the standard of work perfonned that should be placed first. The drill carried out by the Ladies' Division was some of the best he had ever seen. He had been highly satisfied with everything he hacl witnes ed.

St. Andrew's Ambulance Association. OUTRAM PRESS

SECTION.

Again first aid classes are in full swing. There has been quite ;'l good response to the appeal for new members, and the two classes are well attended. Dr. A. E. "\Nard, the Hon . Surgeon to the Section, is the lecturer. It is hoped that as the result of these classes new members may be got for th~ Section. A series of lectures has been arranged for the winter months, over and above the first aid lectures, but

No. VIII. (Duke of Connau g ht's) District. HAsTINGs.-Colon el G. A. )'Ioore) A t. Chief Commissioner, carried out the annual in pection of the Ha.til1g~ Division last month. Those present were Dr. G. Locke (former. . t. Commissioner for Sussex), District Officcr C. J. ),1 dton. Captain VV. G. Butcher CDi trict Officcr), upt. G. H. French and Transport Officer T T Coleman, of the Has tings Di\'ision. . Colonel Moore first inspected the mcn on paradc. tollowin g which there was a di play of Fir t Aid work a nd stretcher drill. Colonel Moore warmly congratulated the members of the Diyision on the time deyoted to the \\'ork. Supt. French thanked Colonel l\Ioore for inspecting the Division and also expressed the hope that more men would join the movement. EWIIAvEN.-By permi sion of Col. A. Q. Browning (O.c. Kent and Sussex Heavy Brigade RA., TA.), a dance was held in the Fort Gymnasium on Tuesday, October 25th, in aid of the funds of the c\\'haven Division. The event was organised by Sergt. A. E. oakes, of the Territorial RA. , who, with the memhers of the Joint Committee, was responsibl e for the decoration of the dance hall. Dancin g lasted from 8 p.m. to 1 a.m., and included in the large number of dancers present were Dr. J. O. Summerhayes, D.S.O., Capt. K. Bigley (Adjutant to the Kent and Sussex H eavy Brigade RA.), Lieut. Colbourne (210th Sussex Field Co,) RE., TA.),. ~nd D~v. Supt. A. E. Harding. The duties of ),I{.c. were J0111tly dIScharged by CorpI. A. Matthews (Brigade) and Sergt. Noakes (RA.). Prizes for lucky spot dances were competed for and distributed by Mrs. D. Evans and Dr. Summerhayes. The latter spoke on the excellent work being done hy the local Ambulance Brigade. WORTHING.-The annual inspection of the Worthing Division took place at the Territorial Drill Hall, Worthing, the Inspecting Officer being District Secretary H. J. W rigg-lesworth. There were 34 men on parade under the command of Dr. H. D. McCall, the Div. Supt. and Surgeon. The men

Millhouses (Sheffield) L. 1\1. & S. Railway Loco Ambulance Di"ision Competition Team. Ie srs. H. E. An ell (captain), E. lathews, L. Jackson J. Hao-ue and L. Carver Wll1ners of ." Sheepbridge " Shield, 1924 and 1930 j "Pilkington" Cup (Chesterfield), 1932 j' "J. Smith" Shield (Sheffi,~ld), 1931 and 1932 j "Duke of Portland's" Shipld, 1929 and 1930 j holders of Dr. J. Brown" Cup j runners up "Sheepbridge" Shield, 1931. Schools. In the past it has been customary to hold one large rally, at which all the Divisions in Dorset gathered and were inspected. This year it was primarily intended that the rally should be held at Parkstone, but afterwards the Commissioner decided to inspect each Division separately. The Weymouth Division paraded under Supt. F. A. Fanner and Amb. Officer H. Bent. The ladies' Nursing Division also paraded under Mrs. M. Shewell and Amb. Officers Mrs. Smel1ie and Miss Smart. The inspectio)1 was carried out by Captain White, Mrs. Lansdowne (Lady District Officer), and Dr. F. H. Rodier Heath (County Surgeon). Squad and stretcher drill was perfo rmed) and tea was taken at the Ritz Cafe. The County Commissioner spoke of the extremely

owing to unforseen difficulties these had to be dropped meantime. . .Public d~ty l1as b:en undertaken at various functions wltl-:1I1 the City, and 111 many cases appreciation of the serVIces rendered by the members on these occasions ha\'e reac~ed our ears. The usual routine duties within the offiCe a~ d 111 the Eml?ress Theatre g-o on as usual. In conj unction wltl: other ?ectlOns squads were in attendance at the Daily }JIml H OUSIng and Health Exhibition in the Kelvin Hall ; The Gla~gow He1'ald R adio Exhibition, and the Armistice Day serVlce at the Cenotaph. The "DECORATORS' « PAINTERS' MAGAZINE" 8d. monthly) Is THE trade paper for alJ InteresteIJ • . Pu.bll<IJhini' Office: .. 6, CaoooD Street, E.C ....

FIR S T

118

November, t 93 2.

A I D.

Przory for Wales. ,V ALES_ A_ report presented to the meeting of the Ambulance CommitteE' of the Priory for 'Vales held in the Priory Room, Law Courts, on October 24th, ga\-e ome strikIng figures on the progress made in \Vales duri;;g the past tweh-e months in the de\-e!opment of the St. John Cadet i\[ovement. The grant of £2,000 allocated to the Priory by the Pilgrim Trustees for the raising of Cadet Units has proved a \yonderful stimulus to the Brigade as a \Thole, the senior Divisions haying taken full ad\'antage of this opportunity of assista~ce in prm'iding for their future continuity and strength by trall1ing young recruits ready to supplement their ranks_ The sum 11as been almost exhausted \yith the result that the strength of the Cadet Divisions in \\'ales has reached 2, -1-29 at October, 1932, while 1,332 Cadets have been provided with uniform. A satisfactory aspect of the position is that the spirit of self-help has been fostered in the administration of this fund by the insistence on a condition Lhat one-third of the amount required for the equipment of a Cadet L'nit must be raised locally; and in e\'ery case the local contribution has been found before the two-thirds grant has been made. The Committee confirmed applications for the Ser\'ice ledal of the Order, which is issued by command of the Sovereign for efficient service of not less than fifteen years, on behalf of Dr. A. i\1. Robertson, Surgeon to the U ppcr Rhondda Corps; Corps Secretary E. G. Howells, Bridgend, and Corps Treasurer J. 1. Jones, Treherbert; and Service l\Iedal Bars signifying t\\'enty years' service for Corps Treasurer J. 1\1. Jones, Treherbert; Lady District Supt. Mrs. ~I. Lucas, 1\1. B. E., Barry; Ambulance Officer D. T. Jones, Aberdare, and Sergeant D. Lacey, Six Bells. A recommendation ,,'as unanimously appro\'ed for the appointment of the Chief Constable 1\lr. James A. Wilson, O. B.E., Mr. Oliver Harris, Secretary of the South Wales Miners' Federation and 1\1r. Iestyn Williams, Assistant Secretary, Monmouthshire and South Wales Coal Owners' Association on the Committee responsible for the administration of the Priory's ~Iotor Ambulance Transport Service, which last year dealt \\"ith the remoyal of 7,416 cases covering a total mileage of 141,814. For gratuitous services as lecturers to First Aid and Home Nursing Classes, the Committee deCIded to elect Dr. "V. G. Williams, Surgeon to the Cardiff Tursing Division, Divisional Surgeons S. C. Ghose, Bridgend, and Morris Roberts, Cwmavon, Honorary Life Members of the Priory for Wales. At the meeting of the Executive Committee subsequently held, the Principal Secretary (the Hon. John Bruce) \o\'as asked to convey the congratulations of the Committee to the Sub-Prior, the Earl of Plymouth, P. C., on his recent appointment as Parliamentary V nder-Secretary for the Colonies. Reference was made to the award of the G. \V. R. Gold Medal to Sub-Commissioner C. T_ Hurry Riches; and it was considered g-ratifying to the Priory that the first official of the Great 'Western Railway to receive the Company's medf'll for fifteen years' first aid service, was an Officer of the Order. Following the Principal Secretary's visit to those connected with the Centres of the Priory in North Wales, a number of nominations to fill vacant officcs were approved and useful suggestions put forward for the extension of the work in those counties. It was reported that there had been a very warm response to the appeal for subscriptions towards the memorial to the late Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis, K. B. E. (First Principal Secreta7 and Commissioner for Wales) ; and. as the fun~ CADET MO\-E;\IENT IN

will shortly be clo ed, tho e who desire to associate thel11seh-cs with a public appreciation of the great work of the founder of the \\1el h Priory arc asked to kindly forward the contribution Lo Priory Hou e il11medif'ltely. C,\RDIFF CENTRE II'oISPECTlON.

A record parade assembled in Cathays Park, Cardiff, on Sunday, I\ovember 6th, when the i\mbulance, 01ursingand Cadet Units, with a total trcng:-th of over Il\,c hundred, were inspected by the Commissioner for '\'ales, \\'ho wa' accompanied by the Deputy Commi ioner, Mr .. \. G_ E. JFudge, the Lady upt. for 'Yaies (Lady Lewi , O. B.E.), ?\Ir. James A. \Vilson, O.B.E., urgeon-Lieut. R. II. Longmoor, R_ N. V. R., and others. The new (Dyfan) Barry Divi ion was on parade for the first time and the following l' nits wcre well represented :A.mbulance Di\'isions. - Cardiff City, Barry Dock, ardiff Emera-encv Cardiff Do\\'lais \Vor\{S, Cardiff City Pol icc, (Dyfan) Ifarry: 'Barry Dock Cadet and Cardiff City Cadet.. Nursing.-CardiA', Penarth, Cardiff Emerg-ency, Barr.\, Barry Hill, Barry Cadets and Barry Hill adets. The Cardiff City Tral11\\'ay Band \\'a . in attendance; and the Commissioner Ind good rea on to be proud of the fine muster. The Inspecting OAlcer in addre ing the parade, referred to the smart appearance, and congratulated Onlccrs and members on the useful work carried out during- the past year, particularly mentioning the valuable sCfvic g-i\'en by the Barry Divisions in maintaining the FirL ,\id Po t on th island ready to recei\-e and rendcr assi s tance to any case of accident or illness occuring during the sumlller month .. _ The magnitudc of this undert<lking- \\' , ! S r Ilect ed in the summan- of the Season's work, which showed a total number of 1)68 cases had been attcnded to at thc Post, while 1,151 children had been cared for by Barry member,> at till' Lost Children's Creche. Awards and medals were afterward presented, and Dr. W. G. Williams, Surgeon Lo the CardifC l ursing Di\'ision, received his certificate of appointmenL an an Honorary Life Member of the Priory.

. fovember, 193 ~ .

.b~ 1 R S t

of am bulance men and cadets through the streets, headed by the Salvation Arm)' Band, preceded the ceremony, over which Captain D. G. Richards, the President of the Division, presided. Supporting the chairman were the Commissioner for Wales, who was '1ccompanied by the lIon. 1\1rs. Bruce, 'ouncillor II. I. -W illiams ( layor-elect of l\1erthyr), Chief Constable D. i\I. Davies (Commissioner for l\1erthyr), SubCommissioner II. Jones, and a number of Bngade surgeons, while amongst the large audience were representatives of thc Dowlais, TarC Valley and Lindsay Corps, and of thc churches and public organi. ation . in the district. Captain Richards said that, as a colliery manager, he \\ as pleased to express appreciation of the sen.ices reIJdered by Lhe member in colliery accidents. \\lith a mcmbership of S6 and 60 Cadet the Di\ ision had outgrowll the accommodation formerly pro\ided aL the Boys' Club, and as Pre 'ident he desired to thank the Chief Constable for all his help, and Mr. \ . J. Canton (Centre Chairman) who had carried OLlt the leg-al work free of charg-c. Through the p-cnerosity of the cean Coal Company in lending the money, they had heen able to purcha e thc building at a reasonable figure

AI D .

119

} ear by motors, and am bulance men and women musL becon-,e shock troops to arrest the mortality. Mrs. Bruce sa id she was proud to accompany the Commissioner on such a memorable occasion and the evening would always stand out in her memory. She was delighted with the Hall and suggested the time was opportune to form a nursing division_ A_vote of thanks to the Hon. John and Mrs. Bruce was proposed by Mr, T. Andrews, J.P., and seconded by 1\1r. D. 1\1. Dayies. Thanks to the chairman and artistes were proposed by Councillor H. L vVilliams and Dr. E. Foster, and the evenin~ concluded with the \Velsh National Anthem_ VOLuNTARY

AID DETACH~IENTS.

The Commissioner for Wales has issued a circular to Officers in charge of Ambulance and ursing Divisions calling attention to the lack of support of the V.A. D, movement among the Brigade in '-Vales. Though the British Red Cross Society is very much more strongly represented, both Bodies combined only supply one-tenth of the quota of the mobile men and one-third of the quota of mobile women allocated by the War Officc to Wales. One reason for this

NEW AMI3CLAI'oICE HALL..

The acquisition of permanent headquarters is the gen eral aim of the Brigade in almost every locality, as the lack of suitable accommodation is a \'e ry great drawback in maintaining efficiency and enthusiaslll within the units. N umerous schemes are now in progress, despite the inabiliLy of the South Wales and Monmouthshire Committee of the l\liners' Welfare Fund to make any further grants for this purpose; and two buildings have been officially opened by the Commissioner for Wales during the past month. At Gilfach Goch a dinner was held on Saturday, October 29th, attended by the local ambulance and nursing divisions, to celebrate the approaching 25th birthday of the Ambulance Division and formally open the excellent headquarters which have been provided through the generosity of the Welsh Associated Collieries, Ltd. In resJlonding to the toast of the" Priory for Wales," the Hon. John Bruce referred Lo the standard of ambu lance work in the mines and stated that, following representations made by the Priory, a recommendation had gone forth from the South Wales Coalowners' Association that each first aid man should be expected to qualify within five years of his appointment and to re-qualify once in every five years. Thursday, October 27th, was a great day in the history of Treharris, for it wiLnessed the opening of Pantanas Hall a'i the headquRrters of the Treharris Oivi<;ion. A procession

By COlt? tesyJ [" Western Maz'l." The Hon. John II. Bruce recci\ ing a gold key from Captain D, G. Richards after opening the Treharris Ambulance IIall on Octo ber 27th, Irs. Bruce was presented with a bouquet by 1iss Dorothy lay Rees. uutright, and £100 of the £650 loan had already becn repaid. Provi ion had been made in the hall for a wellequipped Medical Comforts Depot where all ick people's needs \.yould be catered for. The Hon. John Bruce, who was presented with a golden key suitably inscribed, said he felt it a great honour to visit Treharris on such an auspicious occasion. He congratu lated Lhe Division on its record and high standard of efficiency ~ triking ly rel1ecLed in thc proud display of trophies, and on having acquired uch an excellent building. The new hall indicated a spirit of co-operation between the colliery management and workmen; and everyone was agreed that a knowledge of first aid was a vital necessiLy to all engaged in coal mining_ Contrasting present-day methods with t hose of fifty years ago, he referred to the advance made in medical science; and pointed out that while Lhanks to Lhe knowledge gained by the medical rrofession Lhere were no world epidemics to-day, they had a plague of motor accidents. Thousands of people were killed and maimed e\'ery

staLe of affairs, so far as the Priory is concerned, may be found in the fact that the Order of St. John is solely responsible for supplying men for the l\lilitary Hospitals Reserve and Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve, and it has not been the practice to press for V. A. D. 's at the expense of these two important Resen'es_ Largely as a result of the magnificent re ponse to the l\1. H. R. appeal in 'Vales and that of the Naval Reserye for which there is a long waiting list of recruit for enrolment, the ban as it were can now be relaxed; and it is to be hoped that the enthusiasm exhibited may in future O\-erflow into the dried-up channels of the V.A.D. movement. So long as a Navy, Army and Air Force has to be maintained for th~ tht' defence of the Country, it is of paramount importance :0 carry out the second main object of the Order, \'iz., "Till' rendering of aid to the sick and wounded in war, and the promotion of such permanent organi ation during time of peace as may be at once available in time of emergency, including the provision of technical reserves for the Medical Services of the Forces of the Crown."

FIR S T

AID.

November, 1952.

Rat!way Ambulance News. Great Western. Notification of the following admissions to the Venerable Order of t. John in the grade of Serving Brother has recently been received: . . Mr. S. J. Ball, Office of Supt. of the Ll11e, Padd1l1gton; :i\Ir. C. H. Bishop, Traffic Dept., Ros -on-Vvye; 11r. W. T. Carter, LocomotiYe Dept., Shrewsbury; 1\1r. .S. Elms, Traffic Dept., N e"wport; Mr. G. S. ~o~der, Dn'. Supt.'s Office, Bristol; 11r. ]. Lane, DistrIct Good lIlanager's Office, Gloucester. Mr. Ball is a repesentative of the Superintender:t of the Line on the G.vV.R. Central Ambulance Committee, and Messrs. Hodder and Lane are Divisional Ambulance Secretaries for the Bristol (No. 4a) and Gloucester (:::--..lo. 10) Diyisions respectively. . These admissions are the result of recommendatIOns mDde by the G.\tV.R. Central Ambulance Committee in consideration of long and meritorious serYice to the movenlfl1t, as are the following a\vards of the Vellum Vote of Thanks of the Order: JUr. F. C. Bird, Traffic Dept., Shipton-underWychwood; 1\1r. A. H. Margrett) Engineering Dept., Gloucester.

On the occasion of the winter Conference of Divisional Ambulance Secretaries held at Paddington on November 8th, members of the Conference, together with those of the Central Ambulance Committee) were entertained to luncheon at the Royal Hotel) Paddington, when Mr. ]. F. Lean, Principal Assistant to the G:eneral Mc:-nager and Chairman of the Ambulance Committee, preSided and congratulated the Secreta~ies on a.year of satisfactory "work accomplished under difficult CIrcumstances. He welcomed Mr. B. Board) the new Secretary of the Cardiff (No.8) Division, and on behalf of the members of the Divisional Secretaries' Conference, handed Mr. G. H. Davey (the retiring Secretary) a token of their esteem in the form of an engraved silver cigarette box. BATH.-Annual awards were distributed to members of the Bath ambulance class at a gathering convened at the Crown Inn on October 22nd, when Mr. R. G. Pole, Div. Supt., presided. The presentati?ns were. made by Mr. VV. N. Pellow, Divisional Locomotive Supermtendent, and opportunity was taken of the occa~i?n to make a fare~ well gift to NIr. vv. Bray, who was retirIng afte~ 47 years railway service and 23 years ambul~nce. service. The proceedings were interspersed by mUSical Items. STRouD.-Members of the Chalford and District class assembled at the Waiting Room at Stroud station on October 21st for their annual distribution of examination awards, 'when Mr. E. G. Powell, acting station master, presided, and congratulated the member~ on a year of satisfactory activities. Mr.]. C. Lane, Dlv. Amb ..Secretary distributed the class awards and gave a review of amb~lance work throughout the line, particularly in the Gloucester Division. Unfortunately, Mr. A. Hampton, who had qualified for the Company's quarter-century medal was prevented through illness from being present, 8.nu ,; small deputation waited on him on the following Munday and handed him the award.

\tVEST EALING.-J\Ir. H. R. Campfield, Div. Supt., p.re' ided at the distribution of awards to the \Vest ~ahng class held at the Drayton Court Hotel on the evenl11g of N oycmber 3rd, when among others present. wer~ ~r. H. D. Anderson, Asst. Div. Supt., 1Ir. A. S. 1111ls, Dls~nct Goods 1\lanager, Dr. Selby, lecturer, Dr. Fenton, ex~u:lJ.ner and Asst. Commissioner \\'arren) of the o. 1 Divi lon, ~ . .].A.B. . 'b d b Upwards of fif ty cla .' . awards were dl tn ute y lI1r. Anderson, who in addition pre ented onc gold medal (15 years), 3 gold bars (20 years), and one gold b~r (30 ) ears). An excellent musical programme ~a ~ontn?uted, which was much to the ta tc of thc cnthuslastlc audlcnce. PONTYPOOL Ro,\D.-Gratification ,;vas exprcsscd at thc progress maintained in conncction with the Pontypool Road ambulancc class at the annual dinner held in the Ambulance Hall on October 16th! \\:hcn 1\~. Trcyor Roberts, Div. Supt., prc idcd and dlstnbuted /6 awards to class members. 1110ng the large compa.ny.prc cnt on this occasion were the Hon. John Bruce, P~111clpal, Secretary, Priory for \Vales, Major . E. Tyrwhltt, As t. Lo~o. Supt., 1\Ir. E. H . Stibbs, A st. Supt., Dcputy Commissioner A. G. E. ]. Fudge, S.].A.B., and a large number of railway and ambulance officials " 1\1r. Roberts congratulated the class on a year ot highly satisfactory achievemcnt and he look~d forward to them securino- the coveted Athlone Bowl, \\"hlch seemed to be the one a~bition of their energctic Secretary, 1\1r. J. H. Cadwallader. Reference was al 0 m.ade to. t~e honour conferred upon lI1r. Cadwallader by hIS admls Ion to ~hc Venerable Order of t. John in the grade of erving Brother. .. f 11r. Arthur James, J.P., spoke in apprecIatIOn 0 the \-"aluable services rendcred by railway ambulance ~en, and commented on the vitality of the mo\'ement at a t~me of so much industrial depression. An enjoyable mUSical programme was contributed by Mr. Lew Lewis's party.

London and North Eastern. NORTH-EASTERN AREA.-On Oct. 19th the Newcastle Police Class met in strong force for their annual social in the Gateshead Railway Institute. During the interval Inspector L. Hall) presided, and Supt. ]. Rodgers p:esellt~d the awards and spoke highly of the value of First AId to his staff. Mr. Geo. Jackson, General Secretary, congratulated the class on its successes. Mr. G. Murday and Mr. A. E. Armstrong thanked Supt. Rodgcrs for his attendance and presenting the awards. Some. excellent songs were rendered and dancing was indulged 111 to a late hO~tr. On October 26th the Dairycoates (Hull) LocomotIve class held a concert and dance in the Parish Hall, when some excellent turns were given by the Gold Brothers' party. Mr.]. Athey, Works Manager, presented the awards and urgcd for new members for the class, an.d said he very much appreciated the work done by hiS staff in the Works. Mr. Geo. Jackson, General Secretary, gave some interesting particulars of the progress of the work in the Centre. Mr. G. H. Oakes and Mr. F. ~. Charlton, thanked Messrs. Athey and Jackson for theIr

November, 1932.

FIR S T

attendance and addresses. Dancing was then the order of the evening. On October 28th, the Dock Engineers class at Hull met in large numbers at thc Grosvenor Hotel for their annual smoker. The" Two Jacks and A Jock" Concert Party gave some excellent songs, etc. At the interval, 1\1r. II. Hudson) Dock Engincers Accountant) presided, supported by l1r. and 1\1rs. Flower, Mrs. H. Hudson, 1\1r. \tv. Garden, Inspector B. Simpson, Mr. Geo. Jackson, 1\1r. G. H. Oakes, etc. Mr. Hudson made feeling reference to the passing away of 11r. 1\Iorby, and spoke of thc value of First Aiel in thcir department, and said every encouragement was gi\'en to the staff. Ir. Jackson congTatulated the class on it . llccess a no lcss than 79 awards were to be distributcd, which showcd the healthy . tate of thc class. l1rs. Hudson presented the awards, and to Dr. Flower handed a fountain pen, to 1\1r. H. A. Marshall, class in tructor, a silvcr tea pot and cream and sugar basin. 1\1r. F. R. Charlton presented Mrs. Hudson \\'Ith a box of chocolate. :'Ilr. G. II. Oakes and 1\1r. \V. . Tixon thanked :\1r. and :'IIr . Hud on for their attendancc, etc. On Xovcl111Kr 5th Tyne Dock Class celebrated thei r wonderful cason by a tea when a large number of the member and frIend did full justicc to the good things provided , aftcr which lIlr. II. \\'. Greaney, Dock uperJI1tcndent and Pre idcnt of the CIa took the chair, and offc red hi congratulation" to the cIa and tcams on their \ cry ucce ful es ion. ~rr. Harcourt J OhllstOIl, :\1.P., 'outh hield, pre entcd the cup he gan for the best second year man; lIir. \\". H. Dickinson . Dock Engineer, pre cnted the \ ~Ice-Prcldent Cup and the ., Councillor I Iendcrson " Cup to the hcst first year and medallion men. The ),fayorc s oi outh hicld (:\1rs. Chapman) prc'cl1tul 88 award. ohtained at thc recent examination. Dr. R. Bcllwood-Farrar dctailcd thc various e\'ents the teams had entercd and won-the "Di trict Shield," .. \\'harton" ,'hiL'ld, .. Tohn Readman" and "Currie (;rant" hield ,1l1d the Cup already named, and he felt urc that in the ncar future furthcr trophics would come to the class if thcy continued their practice. etc., as in the pa t session. :'Ilr. Geo. Jack on (Gcneral Secretary), presented the "John Reaclman" and i. Currie Grant" Shield anci prizes to the teams; a gold medal to Mr. 1\1. Arrowsmith for 15 ycars' sen-icc, and a gold bar for 20 year to 1\1r. D. Scott, also the Company's Certificate to the men of the tcam \\ hich represcnted the Area in the InterRailway Compctition, and wisheel them furthcr succes e in the future. l1e r. G. l1urray and A. E. Armstrong added their meek of prai e on the sLlcce es with hopes for mo re to folio\\'. An cxccllent concert follo\\'ecl . each item contributed being a member of the clas , and finished up WIth a humoroLls sketch, "A London Coffee Stall," prod uced by 1\1r. Tom Pre tOil) which caused great amusement. Dancing then followed until nearly midnight, and <.nded the be t social ever held by the class, after a most successful season, hoth for class and team. ·Mr. L. Ballan, District Superintendcnt, undcrland, attended the tea) but had to leavc for another engagement which he could" not avoid. Among t others pre ent were Messrs. A. Wright and ]. Whillis, ex District Secretaries, :I\1r. H. Roberts, Mr. E. Dodds and thc indefatigable ecretary, Mr. J. Burrows, who is cver trying to uphold the prestige of the class. Death has just called away three stalwarts in the amb ulance work of the Centre. On October 25th, Mr. W. 1Iorby, late of the Dock Engineers' Staff at Hull, who had been reti red exactly a year to the day. He was for more than 30 years one of the foremost in the Hull district to assist in the work 111 any way that he could, and has rendered first aid 111 thousands of cases at the Dock Engineers' Shops.

A I D.

121

On October 27th, Mr. W. Lowes, late of the L.R.S. Dept., Waskerley, passed away after over 12 months illness. He had for over 30 years been the life and soul of the ambulance work) Institute, Parish Council, and everything that was for the welfare of the inhabitants of Waskerley; nothing was too small to warrant his help, and his genial presence will be much missed by all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance. At the funeral a large crowd gathered from all parts of Durham and beyond to pay their last tribute of respect to one who was always "all in all to all at all times." On October 31st, Dr. W. Smith, of Bensham, passed away after being associated with the Bensham class since 1908. He was always rcady to give of his best to the railwaymen, for whom he had kindly interests owing to his being the son of a railway officer, long since passed away .

G.E. SECTIO~. STRATFORD \VORKS Drvrsrox.-The presentation of the awards took place at the :\Iechanics' Institution, Stratford, on Thursday, October 27th. 11r. VV. Broom, first officer of the Division) presided, supported by Messrs. H. W. C. Drury (District Supt.), L. P. Parker (District Loco. Supt.), and Dr. W. Benton, the class lecturer. 11r. S. L. Baister (Locomotive \i\'orks Manager) presented the awards) and testified in a speech of appreciation to the excellent record of the class revealed by the Secretary, ~Ir. \V. Raney, in giving his report, which shewed that out of 160 entrants to the examination, there had only been three failurcs. On behalf of th,e Division, Mr. Baister also presented a clock to Mr. H. Bate for his services to the class from 1899, especially emphasising the value of his work as First Officer since 1927. The presentation was followed by an excellent concert, organised by Mr. E. G. White (Secretary), 1\1r. G . Groves, and 11r. A. Steward. A feature of this were the items of the Langthorn Orchcstra, conducted by 11r. A. Harris. oRwrCH THORPE Drvrslo:\".-This Division has sustained a very heavy loss in the tragic death of the First Officer, Mr. G. B. Payne, who sustained a fatal accident whil t at work in the Locomoti,'e Shops, Thorpe Station, on ovember 3rd last, and succumbed to his injuries in the Norfolk and Torwich Hospital the same evening. The late Mr. G. B. Payne had been Fir t Officer of the Division since 1917, during which time he had been responsible for the practical tuition of 422 men, of which number 403 passed the examinations; 115 of these were examined for First Aid certificates and 102 passed. In conj unction with the Secretary, he had organised the air raid arrangements during the "Var. The presence at the funeral of a large number of members, including the Hon. Surgeon, Dr. B. 11. Tracey, testified to the esteem and affection in which their deceased officer was held.

G. C. SECTION. A record number of teams (48 in all) entered for the preliminary examination conducteu by Dr. K. H. Beverley in the Andover-street Scbool, Sheffield, from 31st Octhber to -+th N ovem her, the first fi \'e teams were: Dukinfield 'Works, 262t; New Holland Stores 256-!' Gorton Loco, 2-+3; Gorton \Vorks, 240!; lexboro', Loc"'o: 238 (max. 330). These teams will now compete in tbe final to be held at Marylebone on December 8th . The preliminary " 'ork was again of a high standard

F IR S T

122

A I D.

Nove mb e r,

1932.

and, in fact, on a keener leyel owing to the larger number qualifying, and the judge \\'as well pleased wit h the display of enthusiam for the work.

Carters' Patent Elevating Gear.

- - - ._ .----

AFTER a l ong se ri es of ex p e rim e n ts and ex h a u st i ve

London, Midland and Scottish. B IR~lIXGlL\:\1.-0 11 tstanding eyjc\ellce 0 f enthusiasm for the ambulance mo\'cment \"ere ackno\Yledged at a dinner held on October 20th. 1\1r. J. B. Scattergood, District Goods' 1\Ianager, who presided stated that railwaymen \yere rendering a great sen'ice to the trayelling public by becoming efficient fir ' taider. e\'en years ago, 1 - tcams of L.}'I. . raih\'aymen in the Birmingham centre entered the district competition. This year there were 29 team, and as a result it \yas necessary for three Diyisions to be formed) a procedure only accomplished in one other district on the "'hole of the L.:JI.S, line. In fiye years 481 ncw members in the Birmingham centre had secured first-year certificates, 354 had gained second year youchers, 235 had won third year medallion ' , and 1,339 had gained the labels for subsequent examinations. EDGE HILL.-A pleasing function took place all Oclober 16th, when Dr. G. Garrett presented fi\'e sih'er medals, gold centred, to the winners of the "Lister" Cup. The medals were the gift of the Doctor) 'who complimented the Edge Hill Railwaymen on their success, and expressed the hope that they would v-'in it again . Dr. Garrett made a similar presentation to the members of the Edge Hill Traffic No.2 team for their success in the L.M.S . District Competition. He requested that more teams be formed so as to stimulate the interest in first-aid work. 1\1r. \Y. Baker) Yardmaster) Edge Hill, who presided, stressed the need of more ambulance men, and again offered to assist wheneyer possible and give his f~l support. The District Secretary, NIr. J. S. Jones, thanked the Doctor for his practical interest in, and valuable assistance to, the Edge Hill ambulance men, and a very hearty vote of thanks was accorded him and Mr. Baker for their continued support. Both gentlemen suitably replied. The recipients were: Messrs. J. Calvert, J. Bentley, R. Edv,ards, R. Jordan, and A. Bennett. The Class Secretaries, Messrs. A. T. Horne and J. Lunt, also spoke) and urged the necessity of as many men a possible joining the classes, which were now commencing. SALTLEY ENGINEERS.-A very successful Whist Drive was held by the Engineers' class on October 22nd. Mr. G. Thurgood carried out the duties of l\1.c. and Mrs. 1. I, Houghton and ~ 1iss Dunford presided at the refreshment table in a splendid manner. During the evening Mr. \7-/. H . Keeling presented the 1932 Ambulance Awards to the successful members. He appealed to the men to take an active interest in the welfare of the class and to obtain as mallY new students a; possible. Mr. A. Hammond, Secretary, stated that there is still room for members in competition work, also he hoped in the near future that some person would present to the class a shield or cup to be competed for by the men of the Engineering Grade. We are p "epared to supply Ambulance Sec.retaries and oth e rs with specimen copfes of this Journal for distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers, FIRST AID, 40 Cannon St., London E.C.4.

tests, l ess rs . C a r ters (J . & A .), Ltd. , of J ~ 5 , 127 a n d 129, Great P o rtl a n d -street, London, V'I .1 , h ave put on t h e market an e n t i re ly new p ate nt e levating gea r. This gear, wh ich is call ed the " Port land" (Patent No . 380963), is a co m p lete self- contained un it, being a most efficient and

FIRST

ovem ber, 19.3 2.

carrier is loaded first, and by gri pp i ng the han dl es the who le frame is pu ll ed downwa rds and outwa rds (Fig . 3) . Two powerfu l springs, neatly concealed in stee l t u bes, are b rought into p lay and these springs assist in raising the patient so that a heavy man can be raised by onc attendant with g reat speed and without undo strain . The ~peecl at which the springs can extend is limited by an air control device to p revent damage to the gear if it shou ld be accidentall y released

123

A 1 D.

over it when the gear is used for two stretcher cases . This descri ption of the" Portland " Gear will aive r eade rs some idea of the usefulness and ~[fic i ency of the unit, whic!1 we consider IS a great improvement on the old t:,).; . Fu 11 particu lars, prices, c~ '.: . , can be obtained upon appl ication from tl~ 2 Ilnk2rS on mention i ng FIRST AID . - --

' -

' ---

S>olice J\mbulanc (~ J\{ ews. CiTY OF

FIG.

p ractical gear for use in any ambu lance which may at times have to carry two stretches cases. I t is only necessary to bolt the gear secure ly to the fl oo r of the ambulance, and then all is ready for u s e . Wh e n u sed for a single stretcher case, the u p pe r s tre tch er is hin ged down against the side of t h e b ody b y the simple action of pulling two s prin g -loaded bolts. Floor space is thus free from

F IG .

from obst ru ct io n; th e re is no m ech a ni s m above the p a ti e nt; and th e re are no proj ec tin g parts t o preven t the att e n da n t g iv in g th e pati e nt a n y n e ces s ary atte nti o n durin g t h e journ ey (s e e Fi g . 1). For two stre tch e r c a ses th e uppe r carrier is ra ised a n d clipped i nto posi tion (F ig . 2) . Th e top

without a \\ eight on the top carner. The top carrier i au tomalically locked in both the "u p , and" down ' position, and both locks are released hy gri ppi ng the same release bar. T'he loading of thc lo\\er tretcher is a simple matter, and i., made casier i[ a hi n crcd extension is provide I t OIlC [the lower channels . This cxten~ioll (\\ hich I~ an extra to the unit) is placed ill the" loading" position by a single pull, and held firmly by a spring clip when pushed back <lgain into th~ "tra,'clling" po!:>itioll. \\ Thell th~ unit is nOL required to carry the

FIG .

LONDO~

POLICE RESERVE.

BEFORE commencing this month's report I ha\'c an important correction to make in regard to a statement made in last month's FIRST Am. It will undoubtedly be of interest to all readers of thi ":\Ionthly," pJ.rticularly to those of the City of London Police Rcscr\'c, to kno\\' that Commandant \ \ '. G. Loyell, C. B. E., t's a first-aider, ;le having taken his first certificate as long ago as 1915, .-\t the time of writing my pre\'ious report, 1 was unfortunateh' \\'ithout these facts, and it is now a matter of pleasure t~ me to be able to correct my former statement. I recentl\, had an interview with ~ I r. Lo\"ell and I think I have almost'succeeded in gE'tting his can ent to my \\'riting an article for FIRST AID, in ,,'hich I shall be able to give many intere ting details of his long and "alued service with the Resen'c since its formation, and of his pcrsonal interests and experiences in ho pital work, which is already known to many of u . " Lord :'IJayor's Day" brought out on this occa ion, a Illuch greater number of officers and men of the Resen'C' than last ycar, and though not being able to be on duty my'clf, I understand that "casualties" \\'ere very fE'\\' and far bet\,'een, and consisted of the usual "faints and crushings," "'hich were prom ptl)' and efficientiydealt with by the S.]. A. B. , giving our own men more time for the usual adjustment of the little" \\'illies and Emil)'s" to get a better view of the ho\,', a job our men are particularly adept at. I should like to tender the congratulations of all first aider of th~ Re en'c to Commander H. F. Sully, upon hi promotion to Asst. Group Com.mander. ~lr. Sully is, and always ha been, one of our foremost fir::.t aiders, and one whose inlcre ts are much too well and widely known to need any special comment of mine . He is always with us at our classes and c 111petitions and at those of the S.J . A.B. and City and l\1etropolitan Pol icc, which are of so much interest to him. On NO\'ember 16th we are to baye a lecture frol11 Dr. F. E. Bendix, F.R.C.S., L.R.c.P. , our Han. As t. M. D . , on " Disea cs and their Pre\'ention." I mal' add, as a foregone conciu ion, that it is bound to be of interest, and instructi\'e, not to omit entertaining, which latter qualification seems obviously the reason of the. plendid attendances at all his 1 ctures. CE'IL G. EMERY, Han. Sec. L ' Sub-Co1l1dr.

stretcher cases, b ut on ly s itting pat ie n ts; t h e gear can be eas il y co n verted by p lacin g two sp ri ng-stuffed seats o n th e lowe r st retche r c a r rier a n d a back rest on t h e uppe r carrie r (F ig . 4) . T he back r es t m ay b e pe rm ane ntl y fixed to th e u ppe r carr icr, as th e sta n da rd type o [ sl l-ctch el- will pass

IIereford .J. A.B. ha \'e instituted a series of lecture 011 "First Aid to the Injured ." Dr. L \\1. i\ IacGreg-or is the lectu rer. A fir t aid box was openE'd at I arton near J\l iddlesbrough by the North Ri di ng S. J .,\ . B. County Commissioller Mr. F. P. ·W ilso ll .

F I R ST

124

Lectures in Elementary Anatomy.'*' By A DOCTOR. THE

l\lu CULAR SYSTK\I-( COlZhJllled).

SupinaNolZ.-Is carried out by the Biceps, Brachio Radialis, and Supinator. Supinator arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the shaft of the ulna below the radial notch, it is inserted into the radial tuberosity and the shaft of the radius above the oblique line. Brachwradialz"s arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, and is inserted into the base of the styloid process of the ulna. Movements of the elbow joint.-Flexion, extension. Flexion is carried out by the Biceps and Brachioradialis. Extension by the Triceps and Extensor carpi radialis, and Extensor carpi ulnaris. Both the latter have their origin in the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, and are inserted the metac,uFal bones. Movements of the wrist.-Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction. Flex01" Cmpi Ulnaris is a flexor and abductor of the wrist. Flexo1" Dzgito1'2t77z Sublz17Zis flexes first the middle and then the proximal phalanges. It also assists in flexing the wrist and elbow. Movements at the hip joint are flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction and rotation. The principal musles which perform these movemen ts are as follows : Flexion is carried out by the Iliopsoas, Rectus Femoris and Pectineus. Extension by Gluteus Maximus and the Hamstring muscles. Adduction by the three Abductor muscles. Abduction by the Glutaei muscles. l\1edial rotation by part of the Glutaei muscles and the Iliopsoas. Lateral rotation by the Glutaei, the Abductor muscles, and the Pectineus. Origin and insertion of above muscles : Ilzopsoas arises from the inner surface of the lumber vertebrae and inner surface of the iliac fossa: it passes behind the Inguinal ligament and in front of the capsule of the hip joint; it is inserted into the lesser trochanter of the femur. Rectus Fenwris arises by cwo tendons, one

* Reprinted by courtesy of tht; Irish ~Yursing I-fospital }if/orld.

and

A I D.

November, 1952.

November, 1932.

from the anterior inferior iliac spine and one from a groove above the acetabulum; it is inserted into th patella. Pectineus arises from the pubis (the anterior part of the pel vis) and is inserted in to the med ial side of the femur. Gluteus llfaxz'llllfs.-There are three o-lutaei muscles; the largest arises from the outer surface and crest of the ilium from the sacrum and the coccyx, and is inserted into the glutaei and tuberosity at the back of the femur. The Hamstrings arise from the tu bero i ty of the ischium, and are inserted into the medial surface of the body :lnd the medial condyle of the tibia. The Abductors (of which there are three) arise from the pubic bone and partly from the is hium, and are inserted into the medial side of the shaft and the tubercle of the femur. The K:\,"EE JOINT is a hi nge joint, and is formed by the articulation of the femur with the tibia (the fibula does not enter into the formation of joint); it is protected by the patella. The arti ular surface of the tibia is deepened by t\\'o crescentic pieces of cartilage called semilunar cartilacre; these are at~ached to each other and to the bone by means of ligaments. The cartilage is sometimes dislocated, and is then termed a slipped cartilage. There are numerous bursae connected with the knee joint. These consist of closed sacs containing a small quantity of clear viscid flui I, and are placed between surfaces which gli Ie over each other. There is a large bu rsa between the patella and the ski n and several between the tendons and the bones. Sometimes these get inflamed, causing "synovitis," or what is commonly known as " house-maid's knee." Movements at the knee joint :Flexion, extension, medial and lateral rotation. Flexion is carried out by the Hamstring muscles. These are the Biceps, Femoris, Semimembranosus, and Semitendinosus. Extension is carried out by the Quadriceps Extensor, which is composed of four parts. Lateral Rotation by the Biceps Femoris. Medial Rotation principally by the Popliteus. Ankle Joint JJlovenzents-Flexion, extension, inversion, and eversion. Flexion by Tibialis Anterior, the principal musale in front of the leg. It arises from the upper part of the shaft of the Tibia, and is inserted into the first cun iform and the base of the first metatarsal bones. Extension by the Gastrocnem i us or Calf muscle. It arises from the condyles of the femur, and is inserted by the Tendo Achilles into the os cal sis or bone of the heel. Inversion by the Tibialis Anterior.

F I RST

Eversion by the Peronaeus and Tibialis Posterior. Extension of the toes by the Extensor Digi torum Longus. Flexion of the toes by the Flexor Dig-itorum Longus.

S. J .A.B. Oversea s. Ol' TH AFRIC.\.:-\ RAILWAYS A, D ITARBOURS DI\'ISIO:\', PORT ELIZABETH.

A;\lBUL\KCE

TIIS annual competition

for the" Kinmont" Cup wa held on Tuesday evening. the .20th eptember, in the Rail",ay Institut , Port Elizabeth. The evcn-t is for individual oral and individual practical te ts. There were only 9 competitors out of a membership of 3 ~ . The holder, Private S. Jam s, again proved the winner. The tests w re quite good. At the conclusion of the cvcnt Dr. D. Roger presented the cup to Private James and ongratulated him j also givinoa fair critici 111 on th \\ ork of the ompetitors. The examiner!:> werc Dr. Roger, Practical' Dist. ~' LlPt. Dick, and Oi\,. ' upt. Thomson (Citenllage Railway Div.), oral. Quite a number of visitors wcre present. ;\1r. ' tcrler, Di\'. Supt. P. E. Rail way Di \'., in Ising, than ked the visitors for their intere 't. The marking sheet for till: individual practical te t is publishe I below to gi\' English first aiders some idea of tests sct to their brethren abroad. On eptem ber 1-+th a com bi ned meeting was held of the variol! Divisions in the city in connection with thc " :\Iilliard" Cup. This event will take place on Saturday, 0Jovcmber 26th, in Port Elizabeth, and it is understood that about six teams will entcr for the event. Team are now hard in trainino- and the ompetition promises to be the event of the year, a it will be the first competition in which all Divisions and Units will compete against one another in the city. The combined Railway Divisions intend holding their annual social and dance in the evening on the day of the competition, and this event will be another link in makino- closer working of the various Divisions in the district. You are on duty al a Sports lceting when an official brings into your dres ing station a competitor who has been hurt, lea\'ing him wilh you for attenlion. Time limit 10 minutes. NOTE FOR JUDGE.-Patient- upper part of body covered by singlet only, to represent "competitor "-to be led in, holding hi right arm flexed across body' Ask History (what has bappened ?) . .. ... 5 (To be told only if asked" Patient a competitor in cycle race; bicyc,le skidded and he fell on outstretched right hand. ") Enquire where pain is felt (To be told only if asked "At elbow particularly, right hand smarting, whik limb feels helpless.") 5

I I

125

A I D.

Seat or recline patient comfortably 2 Any visible bleeding or 'wounds to right upper limb (Yes, gravel-rash right palm-no ether wounds}... 2 Any bystanders or helpers ( '0, you are alone in room) 1 I nstrucl patient to carefully su pport forearm in flexed position tbrougho ut examination and treatment... 2 Co\'er him with rug or blanket 2 " wound of palm-temporary dressing ... 1 Examine band; irregularity, swelling, etc. (~one) ... 2 wrist; deformity, " 2 " forearm; irregularity, " " 2 Examine elbow; swelling (Yes), 1 ; deformity (Yes), 1; irregularity (Too swolleri to tell), 1; fixity (Cannot tell without moving limb-penalty of 5 if attempt made to move joint. see below), 1 ; numb ... 5 ne s of parts below elbow (Yes), 1 ... Diao-nosis, dislocation, fear possibility also of fracture - this sh"'ould be stated at some time, possibly in " diagnosis to hospital." Examine arm (No injury) 2 shoulder ( 0 injury) 2 " clavicle (History indicates po ibilityof injury here) ; swelling (Yes) ; irregularity (Yest 2 .\ny doctor available ( 0, you are required to send patient to hospital) ... ... ... 2 Encouraging words; treat shock (Hot drinks, etc.) ... 4 Cla\'icle; place pad in armpit and apply bandagp round arm abo\'e elbow ... 5 Hand; wash wound \\'ith sterile water (.A..\'ailable in dressing-room) . 3 Sterilise instruments, 1 ; hand , 1 ; iodll1e wound, 1 ; sterilise dressing, 1 ; pad and bandage, 1 5 Elbo\\'; enquire which side showing most injury (Inner side) 2 Apply cold corn pres 2 Apply angle splint (for support during transport) to outer side elbow 5 Apply arm ling ... ... ... 2 A k re cold on elbow giving relief (~o) ... 1 Prepare and apply hot fornentation-gi\'ing relief (Ye ) 3 Arrange for transport to hospital, giving complete diagnosis 5 Care with \.vhich arm is handled thr0ughout 4 Total (Penalty of 5 marks if elbow moved unnecessarily.)

______

_----_

The Portland Ambulance and Nur ing Divisions, S.J.A. S., held a Ball at the Drill Hall in aid of Divisional funds. Nearly 350 dancers asselTlbled and spent an en'o), able tirne. ;!

•

The annual inspection of the \Vhitby Ambulance and Nursing Di\'isions, S.J.A.B., was held on Saturday, Noyember 5th, County COI11mi sioner F. P. "Vilson was the inspecting Officer. The annual Ofncer' dinner of the No. 1 District, S.J.A. B. , will be held at the Hotel Great Central, Marylebone, on Saturday, December 3rd. The Sub-Prior, MajorGeneral the Earl of Scarborough, K . G., has con ented to attend.

" fHE PLUMBER & JOURNAL OF HEATIN G, " monthly) Is THE paper for all progressive trade~ men -Publl.sbln~ Office: -46, Cannon Street E.C.".

I s.

1~6

Flit s l'

Our N urses COMPILED

AMBULANCE

):0. 1 Dl TRIC'!", :\ORTHER:-\ :\RL~.\ . :\fLer 50 war!:>' ~en'ice in the St. J Ohl1 .\mbulance Brigade, Lady D~strict Officer .:'Iliss Hoare, of l\'orth End Hou e, has becn tran ferred to Brigade Reser\"(~. \Vhen Hamp tead l\'ursing Di\'i!>ion was formed in 1912, .:'Iliss Hoare was appointed Lady Diyisional Su pt., which position ~he held until 192-+, \"hen he was promoted Lady District Officer of :\ orthern .-\rea, ):0. 1 District. On heltransfer recently to Brigade Resene, .:'IIi s Hoare \\'as preented by the Nursing Diyi ions of the Area with a handome black crystal ink tand bearing the Cros of St. John in \\'hite enamel.

::\0. 16 (HA;\IPSfEAO) :\ URSI~G DIYISIO:\. - ;\lrs. Cecil :\lcFadden, who has been Lady Supt. of the Hampstead :\ursing Di\'is ion since 192-+, ha been appointed Lady District Officer in the place of ':\liss Hoare. On her promotion, 1I1rs. 1I1cFadden was presented by the members of the Hampstead Nursing Di\'ision with a black and white fountain pen and pencil, together with a book relating to the Centenary Celebrations of the Order in England last year.

::\0. 39 (TDIPLE) :\URSl:\G DlnsIO:\.-The annual dance was held at the \\'estminster Cathedral Hall on 'aturday, October 29th, and was a gr~at succes, both socially and financially. It \yaS attended by a large number of Brigade officers and members and their friends. Among those present were Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, .-\ssistant Surgeon-in-Chief; Dr. K. F. Lund, .-\ssistant Commissioner in charge of Central Area; Lady District Supt. I\liss Rideout, District Officer T. ~lcBride and Lady District Officer l\liss .\. ;\1. ·W alker, both of Central Area; District Officer and ~lrs. Piers, District Officer and ~lrs. Green, and Distri ct Officer and :\1rs . Pasco.

60 (D.\GE:-\lIA;\l) 1\CRSl~G DJ\'lsIO:\.- On Saturday, October 15th, a very successful whist driye was held in aid of the funds of this Di\'ision, and, whilst it was to some extent unfortunate that other local drives were held on the same e\'ening, the event pro\'ed most successful fir~ancially.

~ove1l1ber,

A 1 [) .

1932 .

Pages. SI STE R.

social c\'ent, the unitllrl11 fund Df the Divi!:>illll ha henelltled iderably.

COIl

~o. -+ (E~FIEI.D) l\'URSING Dl\"lSIO~. -, course of in~tructioll for men and \\'omen in Home Hygiene has becll

arranged by thi::, Di\ i ion, and commenced on October 31st. It is to be continued ,,-eeldy at the Bapti t hurch In titutE', at 8.15 p.m. The instructor is Dr. J. r. B. Brass, the Di\ i ional Surgeon. This Di\'is ion is anxiou~ to add to its member hip. ' \11} lady interested in the \york i il1\·ited to attend at the headquarte;- , at the Baptist Church, on Monday evenings at 8.15 p.m . •\mong it!> other acti\ ities the Di\'isiol1 has a l\ledical Comforts Depot, where the nece aryappliance for use in cases of accident or illn ess, can be hired at \er) moderate cha rges. The London Headquarters has ju t pre entec1 the Depot with 6 pairs of self-adjusting crutche , which can be loaned out for the small sum of 3d. per week. .\pplication for the hire of the e and other Illedical comforts should be made to the storekeeper, ,\mbulance ister F. ,\ . Pike, 11, St. Andrcw's-road, Enfield. (Telephone, Enlleld 337+).

No. 73 (SHOREDITClI) NlJRSl~G DI\'1SIO:-\.-.\.11 enjoyable whist drive and dance \\"as held at Divisional Headquarters, All Saints' Schools, Li vermerc-road, E. 8, on Saturday, N o\'ember 12th, 'w hen there was a large attendance of members and their friend s. The music for dancing was s upplied by "The ~V[elody l\1akers." As a result of this

F I RST

House, and the Secreta I y, Miss II. Paley, is very anxious to increase the membership, which now numbers 22. She wou ld gladly explain the work and the aims of the V.A. D. to any lady who i ~' interested enough to make inquiries of her. . Col. catterly, of Keighley, was unfortunatel) pre\'c nted from allendint.:" the V.i\. D. inspection.

FIR<,T r \[I) LECTLJHES .\'1" HOl i\'SLO\\". .\ course of lectures in lirst aid for women is being arranged, and will be held at the AlexClndra Schools, IIollnslo\\,. .\nyone wishing to Clltend houlcl apply for further particulClr. to :\lrs. Horner, Lady upt. of the Twi ckenham ' ursing Di\'is ion. It i hoped that following the classes, a I\'urs ing Section will be formed at IIolinslow to be' <lttac hed to the Twickenham I\'lIr"ing Di\'ision.

Fl.·~CR \1.

~ l'RC;ING

l)J·

COR1'S.

L.\DY CORPS. l·PER1:\fH.:-\OE:--:T, II 'S\·.. ICll Th e funeral of :'II ro.; .. \Iicc' HOtig Sl)ll, Wllll

AI D .

127

:\liss Chandler. District Officer J. E. Death was at tile organ . The Brigade and Association flag s were placed upon thc co ffin, and after the intermcnt, the officers dropped sprigs of S1. John's Wort into the gra\·c. ,\mong the many 110ral tributes were tho';c frorn the County Commiss ioner and Shfr, th e :\ur~ing Corps, the Lady Corps Offi ce rs, Tps\vich Corps (men's), and Beechnll1le, ,\ Toka and Broadwater Diyi s ions. :\1rs. Hodgson was ,veil known locally, especially for her \\'o rk in connection with the St. John Ambulance Brigade. For:l number of "ears she successfull\' filled the onerous positio n of Lady C~rps Supt., and the C~rps, and indeed the Distri cl, \"ill greatly miss her yaillable sen· ices. REG l:Lr\TIO:\S l~ REFERE:-\CE TO TIlE \'. ;\. D. BROOCH B.\R.-The following notes ha\'e been taken from the n.'gulation just i s ued with reference to the V . .-\.. O. Brooch and Bar. His ~lajesty the King having been graciously pleased to <\ppro\'c of a mark of di tinction being in . tituted to rccognise A~D

DARLI:\GroX ~CRSlt\ G DI\"ISIO:-\ . Thi~ Di\i ion held a uece ful "'hist Dri\'e a nd Dan ce in Houndgate Hall 011 ovcm ber 2nd There was a larg-e attendancc, the :\1a) or and Depuly l\layoress being- pre ent, supportcd by Dr. \\,il on, Divisional Sur~-eol1, anJ Dr. G. A. Dawson, ~lo.: dical Ollic r of Health for Darlington. Th e Deputy J\1ayoress pre enled the prize, which the local tradesmen had very kindly given, and :\1 iss Peggy Roberts, daughter of the First .\id Instru cto r to the Division, handed to her a bouquet of flowers from the .-\mbulance Sisters. The function was a financial success, and is lo be followed by others at later dates.

~O.

DAGE:-\HA~I l'RSING CADETS.-A social and dance in aid of the Cad et Division took place on Thursday, O ctober 13th, in the Hall at Pettit's Farm, Heathway. The Hall was filled to its utmost ca pacity, and the musical items contributed by \arious friends were greatly appreciated. Community singing brought to an end a most successful and pleasant evening, and the result financially was most gratifying to the organisers.

November, 19 3 2.

HARROGATE V .. \. D. INSPECllO:\. - Congratulation!> showered down on the members of the Harrogate Nursing Division, S.J.A. B., who form the Harrogate V. . D., when the) received their annual inspection at the Church House on vVednesday, October 19th. Brig.-Gcnl. Sandy, e. B., e.l\I. G., from the Territorial Headquarters at York, Major Cameron of the R. i\. M.e., and Lady District Officer Miss Herdman were all enthusiastic in their comments on the detachment and the high standard of efficiency of its members. Indeed, they would have found it difficult to be other"vise, for a more spick and span company it would be hard to End. Even to the small pins which fastened the stiffiystarched caps, e\'erything was in order and in its correct position. So, at least, said Miss Herdman, who had eyes for all the little details that matter so much. This little company, of which Miss A. M. Paley is the Commandant, does a tremendous amount of work. During the summer the members allend the grass track races and the Harrogale Show to render assistance if necessary, and they are all eager to help the sick and injured in any way possible. Tbe. headquarters of the detachment are at the Church

13url ey and Kirk tall ):ur!>ing Di\'i!> ioll, Leeds Corps. The Illt.:lllbers of ~his Di\ i~ion ba\ e bcen \ err successful during this year ill competitions in which they h<lvC taken part. [he photograph !:>ho\\'s so me of the m e mb rs with the trophies and prizes which they ha\'e won in open competitions held in Yorkshire during the year. Left to right : -c\mb. Sister i\li s \\'ood, " 'i nner of the Bradford Shield, S.J.A.A.; Amb. Sister Mrs. Grinstead, fourth in the same competition; Mrs. \Vhitham, the Lady Diy. Supt. of the Di\'i ion; .-\mb. Sister 1\11' . Crossle,', winner of the Bradford Da;~)' Telc.E:raplt Rose Bo\"l at the Otley competition, and Amb. Sister Miss Shield, thi;d in ~h~t competition. Lady ~\mb. Officer ~Ir . Thomas who is the trainer and giYe a lot of time and thought in trall1l11g these members, which, added to the eathu_ iasl11 the .... hm'e for the work, has made them so ucces ful. passed away at her re -i dence, 6, Northgate-street, Ipswich, on aturday, 8ctober 15th , took place at Ips\\'i ch Cemetery on Tuesday, October 18th . The en'ice was conducted b, the Rev. ,\. G. vVest, of St. lichael's Church, and w~s attended by a large number of officers and members of the Brigade, including Dr. J. F. e. Hossack (Commissioner), Dr. 1. McEwan (County Commissioner), Dr. Eade (former C~lInty Commissioner). Irs. Porter (Lady District Supt. ), MISS Hag-g'ar, A. R. R. C. (Lady Oi tric!: Officer), and Dr. Edwards (Lady Corps Surgeon). . The pall bearers were Lady District Officer Iiss Bohun Coulcher, Lady District Officer Miss Southey, Lady Corps Officers l\1iss Hart and Miss King, and Lady Divi ionnl Supts. l\liss Hossack and

acti\'e and efficient sen'ice of mobile members of Voluntan' :\id DetachmenL, the award will be in the form of n sil\'c-r bar brooch superscribed "V.,\. D." and surmounted by the Royal Crown. The a,,'ard of the brooch will be confin~d to me;11bers who complete 12 years' active and efficient service as mobile members of Voluntary .-\id Detachments from the inauguration of the V.A. D. Sch-eme in 1923. The brooch will be "'orn by members in possession of the Sen' ice Medal of the Order of St. John, or the Voluntan' l\ledical Sen'ice Medal granted for sen'ice \\-ith the Britisl, Red Cross Society or the St. Andrew's .-\mbulance As ociation, at the top of the ribahd suspending the medal. :\lemhers not in possession ~)f C'ither of tllest,.' medals will \year the

128

FIRST

brooch on the left breast one inch belo\y the right hand medal or decoration. If there be no medal or decoration it would be worn in the position of the right hand medal as laid down in Dress Regulations. A bar will be granted for each further period of 6 year' qualifying service, to be worn on the riband of either of the aboyc' named medals immediately belo\y the brooch. \Vhen in undress uniform, a n-:ember in possession of the brooch and one of the medals speCIfied aboye will wear on the riband of the medal a sih'er token beari~g the letters" V.A. D." The token will not be 'worn on the riband when the medal i_ worn. In undress uniform, recipients of the brooch who do not possess the Service ~ledals of the Bodies \\'ill wear the brooch in the same position as for full dress. The following regulations relating to the grant of the brooch and bar ha\'e been appro\'ed by the Army Council ; (a) Service qualifying for the brooch and bar must have been continuous, except \\'hen due to sickness supported by a medical certificate, or change of domicile, preventing continuous training. In the latter case, a written statement setting forth tile reasons why the member was unable to carry out her training must be produced by the member, signed by the Commandant and countersigned by the Controller. Members will be required to complete an additional period of qualifying service equivalent to any broken period caused by either of the above-named reasons, (b) A member to be regarded as efficient in any particular year mu t ha\'e completed ; The annual attendance; The \Var Office Inspection; The Controller's Inspection; and The Annual Efficiency Test, as required by paragraph 59 (1), (2), (3) and (4) of Regulations for V.A. Detachments. Leave of absence on account of sickness or urgenc private affairs from the vVar Office Inspection or the Controller's Inspection may be granted by the Commandant if application in writing is made prior to or on the day of the inspection. The Annual Efficiency Test should be held prior to July 31st in each year, thereby time is allowed for those members who ha\'e been unable to attend to be examined before the end of the training year. Members unable to attend this axamination must apply for another opportunity to qualify before the end of the year. Absence from this inspection without permission will involve loss of efficiency tor that year. In addition, women members of the categories of Nursing Member, Hospital Cook il1d Clerk are rerequired to attend for training in a Service Hospital four times during the period of 12 years; no two years of training to be consecutive. Members who have completed 12 years mobile membership and who have failed to attend a service hospital four times during that period, will be required to undergo a further period of membership to enable them to complete the four attendances. In exceptional circumstances, when owing to official action, such as the closing of the hospital or insufficient accommodation being available, a member is unable to carry out the training within the period laid down, the Council will legislate. (c) Qualifying service will be allowed to count from the date of enrolment of the member in a registered detachment or in a section officially affiliated to a registered detachment. Service rendered by members in a detachment or section prior to registration or affiliation will not be allowed to count. (d) When a member through illness or other unavoidable reaSOI1 is unable to complete the f1,.ll1 course of

A I D ,

November, 1952.

hospital training, in the absence of the receipt of an)' r port from the Matron of the hospital, the Control ler will decide whether the training shall be allowed to count. Items (Dil isional news and competition~ , social, interesting duties, lectu res, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon St., London, E.c'4.

The Royal Life ... Saving Society. CONTINUING the description of the methods for releasing oneself from the clutch of a drowning per on, we now come to a point when we have to consider the most dangerous clutch of all, that is when clutched round the arm and body, in uch a way that the rescuer is powerless to use his arms. It is probable that if a clutch of this natnre is made, the person in danger of drowning is in such a mental condition as to be incapable of knowing what he i doing, or it may be a would-be suicide, when the struggle that \\'ill take place after a release has been affected will be _uch that e,ery endeavour will be made to get away frol11 the rescuer'." hold. In cases such as these, the 3rd .\lethod of Release and Rescue will have to be applied. To do this the 1" cuer \\' ill hook the left hand on to the right shoulder of the ubject, for the purpose of pulling the subject under the water. Simultaneously, by a quick upward jerk of the right arm, partially free it and pa sing it out ide the Idt arm of the subject place the palm of the hand under tl]C chin of the drowning person, Then, raising the right knee a high a possible force it into the abdomen of the subj ect. '\lake an effort to rise abo\'e the subject by pulling down with the I ft hand and pressing outward and downward with the right hand, thus submerging the subject'a head, This will ha\' the effect of causing a \'iolent ga, p by rea , on of the uhject endeavouring to obtain air by opening the mouth, and the pressure of the rescuer' knee into the abdomen will accentuate this, with the result that the grip will b brokcn and the subject brought under complete control. It is important that contact between rescuer and ubject shall not be lost in the effort of breaking the clutch. Thc rescuer should make e\'ery endeavour to turn the subject quickly round on to his back by holding one of the arms or shoulder. Then sliding the arms underneath the armpits of the subject place the palms of the hands upon the subject's chest, near the armpits. The rescuer should raise the arm up as far as possible in line with the shoulders, so locking the subject's upper arm, and tlluS preventing him from reaching back. The important thing to be remembered in making this rescue is, that it is essential that the subject's upper arms must be held in line with the shoulders. If this is not done it is possible for the subject to reach backwards and clutch the rescuerHaving obtained complete control over the drowning person, the rescue is effected by means of the back stroke, care being taken to rest the subject's head either on the left or the right shoulder of the rescuer, whichever may be the more convenient, with the sole object of keeping the subject's head as high as possible out of the water. The 3rd Method of Release and Rescue is not an easy one, and therefore those who are interested in life sav ing should make every effort to make themselves thoroughly capable of effecting this release and rescue in a correct rnal1l1er.

November, 1952.

FIR S T

It should be remembered that it would-be suicide may not actually clutch the rescuer, but will make every effort to get away, and this will render the rescue more difficult. In describing the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Methods of Rescue, back-stroke swimming- has to be cmphasised, It is necessary that those who desire to make themselves efficient life savers should take evcry opportunity of practising this stroke. In doing so it is important to realise t~at progress will depend solely on the leg stroke, and it should be remembered that the driving force i prO\ ided by the front of the lower part of the leg as thcy are opened and raised sharply upwards, To perfect lhi ' stoke the following practice should bc employed ;1. Lower the legs gently fr0111 the ]{"ce, holding the feet at right an~les to the chin. Thc thighs are kept in line with the trunk thou~' h the knee are at this point separated about 1 inchl's, :hoid the ilting po-.ition . 0 often adopted by the novic<:. 2. The fe t l'x.tendcd in line with the shin arc carricd by i1 \ igorousemi-circular swecp ; at Ilr t out\\'ards and the;, inwards as thl! legs are straightened in line \"ith the thighs and body, toc. pointed. 3, During this mo\ement (\\'hich should bc as forceful as possible) the propelling force is pro\ ic.kd h) the front and insides of the fect and the lower part of thl' leg.,;. of. Thc kick is most l'Olcient \\ hen the straighteneclleg (Wit l1 toe pointed) are brought strongly togethcr in line \\ ith the body, :\otc. -This action (:\0, of) i ' not possible during re cue \\'ork o\\'il'g' to the leg of lht.:! sullject being in the way; but in place of thi 11ni~hing movcment wilh its consequent drift, action" 1 and 2 an: carried out in morc rapid sequence, Thus lack of full pt)\\,er from the complete kick is CO\11pen~ated for by the larger number of kick able to be l'xccuteu. It \\ ilS pointeu out in the oc.iet)'s article in the eptelllbcr i~uc of FIH T AID, that 10 recuc a person did not alway end the \\ ork of life sa\ ing, but it is frequently neccs~arr to app!) rl!SU citation. ,\ per"on may be brought ashore apparently drowned, c\ cry appearance of breathing 11a\ illg csas d. I t is then neccs 'ary to apply resuscitation imillediately. ,\ ca ')c uch a' th is has becn brough t to the notice of the OCid), in a drowning accident at Gril11sby Dock. ..\ man, falling inlo the dock, \\'as immediately re cued and brought to shorc in an uncon!:>cious condition. ..\rtificial re piration \\'a at once applied by the re cuer, and continued for about -+5 minutes under the supen'ision of a medical man. .-\t the ex.piration of this period the patient howed no signs of recover). A po t-mortcl11 exam ination showed that the victim su:cerecl from fatly degeneration of the heart and death was due to heart di ea c and shock caused by falling into (hc water. The evidence of the doctor that there was no water in the lungs or stomach showed that in this case the victim did not die from drowning. Although lhis person was dead before being brought ashore, the fact would not be known to the rescuer, and our definite instruction was correctly carried out, that resuscitation should ahvays be applied immediately breathing has ceased.

-------. --. - , - - - Dr. Colin Forbes of 'vVeymouth, lectured to members of the Southern Division of the Dorset County R eferees' Association. The subject taken was "Fil st Aid on the Football Field."

When corresponding w ith advertisers " FIRST Al D."

~ entj on

kindly

1~9

AID

fetters

the

&ditor.

Wea re in no war responsible for the opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondents. - EDITOR.

IN AGREEMENT. DEAR SlR, I have read with interest Capt. Bendix's letter, and am delighted to find him in agreemcnt. The instances he gives confirm what many of us feel-that we would welcome instruction and direction in the theory and practice of ambulance organisation,-Yours faithfully, ~ OR:\IAN HA:\I:\IER.

QL'ACK DOCTORING. DEAR SIR,Tlle ar~icle taken from SAFETY FIRST and published in your October issue, under the title of "TIle First rlz'd Contr07}e1'S)', " would ha\'e been de ignated more appropriately" A Plea for Quack Doctort'llg." It is based on, and replete with, misconception. ; and I for one \yas astonished to find it reproduced in FIRST Am, because by this act you gi\'e the appearance of supporting certain foolish critics who are palpably ignorant of the purposes and the achievements of first aid. In reply thereto I make the following comments; First, there is no contro\'ersy concerning first aid, which is the immediate, temporary and efficient treatment at emergencies in the ab ence of medic:al aid. The cynical references to the first aider" sending for doctor," and to the St. John Ambulance Association "te~ching First Aid pure and simple," are, consequently, beside the point. Everyone with any sen e realise that a registered medical practitioner is the only person qualified to make a diagnosis and to precribe treatment for any injury-great or small; and it is cOIl:mon knowledge that throughout the British Empire, \\'llIch represents rhe sphere of usefulness of the Sl. John Ambulance A sociation, efficient first aid does sa\'e life and prevent aggravation of injuries, daily and perhaps hourly. The Association, as the pioneer organi ation of first aid instr.uction, exi t to enrol a its c~rtificated pupils, e\'ery pOSSIble member of the community, and especially of factories and other such places where accidents frequently occur, with the sole object of ensuring that the patient shall have expert assistance on the spot. It discourages lar persons from acting as quack doctors; and for this reason it is not interested in the hybrid individual with whom the article is chiefly concerned. Secondly, Nursing is (and has ahvay been) r~garded as I I the Handmaid of Medicine"; but the author of the article claims for the trained (alld especially the ex-service) nurse a position of equality. In so doing he is assuming the duties and. responsibilities of. a doctor, which he is in no way qualtfied to do, and whIch no properly trained nurse or first aider would e\'en dream of doing. Fortunately, howe\'er, the I? ritish worker is wiser than some of his so-cal led friends; and ~n the absence of a work's surgeon, he takes his injuries to hiS own doctor, a procedure which is facilitated by tIle National Health Insurance Act. Finally, the author of the article completely gives himse.lf away when he deprecates sending" every case for proper (SIC) treatment to a surgeon," and labours the point about " the el.:pense of retaining a qualified ( ic) surgeon." Doctors have al\\:ays helped the First Aid Movement by Riving lectures and 111 many other ways; but they are not likely to do anything which might be construed by the General Medica l Council as covering unqualified individuals in their

130

FIR S T

treatment of patients. In short, if the author ot the articl "bould haye l'i way then afety First in thIs connection \\·OlJld oon acquire'; ~ini tcr sig-nfficancc. - Yours faithfully, :\. COI~8ET FI.ETCIIER.

FIRST

,-\10

CONTROVER Y.

Sm, would like to express my \·iews on ;\ 1 f. Page's suggestions in his article reprinted from ~ (lfi'~" /</lSi in the October issue of FIRST AID. It will be remembered that Dr. Stowell receiyed a severe attack on hi remark of I I Inefficiency," and now Mr. Page adds another thorn in the side of the St. J ob11 Ambulance man. The question no\\" arises as to ,,' hether the attack on Dr. Sto,,'ell was justified. ~lr. Page contends that the first aider docs not pos ess, or is not taug-ht sufficient kno,,·ledge to render yaluable assistance. I fail to agree with hi contention since St. John A,mbulance men are continually being mentioned for their meritoriou work which denotes a high standard of efficiency, and, further, I know personally many St. John A,mbulance men who are recognised as experts on ambulance work. True, these are exceptions \\'ho are am bulance men (so called), but the St. ] ohn Ambulance .\ssociation or Brig-ade cannot be judged by this minority. The textbook has been compiled by" some of our leadinglignts in the medical .profe sion, . sufficiently to enab.le first aiders to render assIstance effiCIently, as far as first aId is concerned, and to keep within the law. ~lr. Page suggests that a more extensive training is required . I agree that a first aider should .learn all he can, and giye attention to the dangers of sepsIs, but, when redres is necessan", this should he done by, or under the superyision of, a r;ledical man. .Then he goe~ on to mention Synovitis, etc., con~plaints of ,,,hlch a:e certa1l1ly beyond the scope of any first alder ho\ye\·er qualIfied he may be, and.J ,,·ould certainly advi e them not to take any such responsIbility unless u~der the supervision ?f ~ medical ~an. , He state<; a surgical clean hablt IS not acqUIred at hrst aid lectures. I think he is under a misapprehension because the lecturer, who is usually a medical man, aj.,yays ~mpha sises the necessity of cleanliness, but I agree that hIS good ad\"ice is not ahyays adhered to. He mentions the various antiseptic lotions. Since a wound heals better when kept dry in many cases, lotions should then be avoided. But when \'ery dirty we are instructed to wash. Should, howe\'er, there be any supparation in the course of a day or so, a medical man should be sought and should be treated by him or under his super\'ision. All's -well that ends well, but, supposing a layman takes such responsiblity of treating a case, even. if on~y a min?r case, and his patient should be taken senously III and dle. vVho is going to "hold the dog l)? According to law we should be treading on insecure ground. I agree that firms should have a properly qualified person to be in charge, but then, aft~~ all, treatme~t beyond first aid should be under the superVlSIOn of a medIcal man. His local treatment reminds me of preparing for a local operation and is beyond the meaning of first aid. . l\1r. Page apparently suggests that every first alder should be an "amateur doctor. l) However, while appreciating that there is no harm in a first aider learning all he can, it must b~ remembered it is not his "bread and butter" and he is not expected to possess the knowledge as Mr. Page suggests. 1 am in full agreement with Ir. Page as regards a competent man being in charge of any ambulancc room. As an ex-member of the Royal Army Iedical Corps Regulars) with sc\"er<'l! years' exrerience in nlediql and

A I D.

Novembe r, 193 2.

. urgical nul' ing and a mcmber of the SL John Ambulance Brigade for eYeral years, I am \'ery proud to say there arc men in the Brigade and of the i\S ociation will) are capable of re n dering enlcient treatmcnt in any ca. e of emergency, and, further, are capable of undertak ing the duties of ambulance room attendant, who arc not ex R. A.I\1. C 111 n. In conclusion, I repudiated J\1r. Page's sfatement towards the SL John Ambulance men, and I would like otlwr reader. ' \'ie\\'s on his article. Yours faithfully,

DEA.R

C. GR .W (\\'akelield Diy., J.,\.13.), l'x-1st Clas \\'.0. :1nd \Vardmastcr R.,\. ~l.c., Reg-ular .\rnty.

.\,

APPRECIATIO:\l.

DEAR SIR,-

l\lay I, through your column, thank the St. John Ambulance Brigade for it. cOllrtesy at a recent function, when I, like many other ticket holder, wa pre\·ented frol11 reaching my seat by the crowd which had got out of hand :) I, and many other women, mig-ht hm·e been injur~d had not the Brigade allowed us to . eek refuge in the comparativel) clear space around the performers' stage entml1Cc. The m~tter has been rderred to, ' iI', in a letter to you, This letter gives, to m) mind, a quite fal 'L' impre<;..,ion of the facts as I sa\\' them, The ollicer referred to did all that \\'as possible in a \'ery diflicult cmcrgt'llcy in the absence of other officer, whose whereabouts ,,"ere unknown tl) the ambulance men. The comments of the clo\\'d 011 this point were very definite, a. were tho e of the fe,,· polin: that wI' re nearby. Further, this ofliccr rcmained till \\·ell after tIll' ambulance station was abandoned. I sa\\' Illan\· other 1 hing on this occasion which di"pron: the statements ~n the Ic~ter. 1 alll quite \\'illin~, if necesary, to give my account of what occurred tu the prnrl'raull]()rily, as 1 consider that the IcUer was untrue and unju'tt. ] a 111 , \'ours truly, "

- E\IILlI '

RIIDIH. S .

Bedford Square, \V. C. ~ov.

gth.

Lt.-Col. J. L. Hamilton, I\1. ., has been appointed as Co '.tnty Surgeon for the Eastern .\rea No.1 District, . . J. A. B" a position vacated by Capt. F. E. Bendix on his promotion to District Surgeon. The following lectures have been arranged to be de li\"ered at the I nstitute of Hygiene on Wednesday at 3.30 p.m., \·iz: 23rd November, "Dyspepsia and its Relationship to Cancer," by ]. Browning Alexander, I. D., M. R.C. P.; 30th November, "Recent Ad\'ances in the Study of utritional Disorders," by Professor J. Drul11l11ond, D.Sc.; 7th December, "Personal and Domestic Hygiene in the Tropics," by "William Byam, O . B.E., l.R.C.S., L. R. C. P . ; 14th December, "The Value of Physical Exercises and Games in the Health of the aLion," by R. Cove-Smith, M.A., M.B., M.R.C.P. !\[em!;ers who desire to avail themselves of the privilege of reserved seats at the abo\'e lectures should notify the Secretary 'vithout delay.

Does your colleague read PIRST AID, if not, send us his address and we will post him a copy.

November, 1932 .

FIRST

A I D.

131

"R. A. Jones" Cup Competition.

First Aid and the Law.

TUE 193:2 compet ition for the a bove perpet ua l challenge cup was held at Pritt lewell Drill H a ll , Prittlewell, on Saturday, October 22nd . This competition is open to members o[ the S .J.A .B. and the B . R.C .S. in the county o[ Essex. Seven teams com peted and these were Benileet, C lacton, Sou thend, Brai n tree and Bocking, and Ilford S.J . A.B . Divisions j Romford and Brentwood B. R . C.S . Detachmen ts . The te t was set and judged by Dr. N . Corbet Fletcher (Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief, S.J. . B.), whilst District Sergt. -:d ajor J . Elam judgcd the uniforms. For the fifth year in succession, Southend, S.] .A. B., gai ncd thc first place, followed by liford, B rell t\\ood, Deni1eet, Brai n trec and Bocki ng, Clacton and Romford in that order. Ilford, the runners-up [or the second time, occupied the ,:>cconc\ placc. u[Jt. J. P. ~Iay stated that he was very proud of his men for winning the cup [or the fifth year in succe sion. The te~t set \\as oi the 115ual high standard e peeted [r III Dr. Fletcher, and the e\'ent an intere ling ne to \\atch .

By E. MA I T L AN D W OOL F, A . I.L . A.

Durham, Cleveland and Westmorland Districts Ambulance League. . \I{H \"t,(:.~lI'ST~ all' Ill'\\" being

made flH" the annual cOl1lpelii L)l1s under the :tu-..pin:s l)f the abo\e League, of which :\lr. T. Greenland 0,1\ i:;, I nspector of Mine, is chairman, and \Ir. George \\'.Itkin, of :\lurton, secretar). . ' ixt\" teams ent rl:d last ,ear, and the examincr':> l':\pre.,sc~l high appreciation of ll;e excellent \\'ork done and said those conrerned were becol11 il1g more proficient year by year. The cOll1mittee al"e anxiou that ~encral interest should be aroused in the \\ ork 01 fir I-aid and that the large number of teams who ha\'c competed should be further increa ed. They apreal fL1r the co-operation of all workmen and oflicials to u e lheir inl1uencc to as:;ist in the org-ani 'ation of cia ' es and to get teams to cnLer. The following datcs haye been decided for competition : "Donald Bain." Divisional Competitions, J anuary 28th, 1933. " Elizabeth Bain . "-Divisional Competitions, February 11th, 1933. Final at Durham on Saturday, February 25th, 1933. All men engaged in mines and quarries in Durham, Cleveland and ' Vc Lmorland are eligible to compete. T he " Donald Bflin " Shield is for senior teams composed of fi\'e men, but 110 Leam shall contain more than one member who has been a member of a team winning the sh ield previo us ly. The" E lizabeth Bain " Shield is for junior teams composed of five men who ha\'e not p reviously competed in any of the senior competitions. They can compete tht"ee years in the junior section and arc allowed one man wl10 has been a member of a senior team and junior competitions in t he same year. Last year's sllccessful teams wcre :-" D onald Bain" Shield, Murton l\ team; "E lizabeLh Bain " Shield, L a ng ley Park.

No . 6 .-THE

LEGAL STATUS OF THE BRITISH RED CROS SOCIETY.

THE existence at Law of the British Red Cross Society is pri marily governed by two Charters; the first, the Charter of I ncorporation was granted by K ing Edward V II in September, 1908, on which date the first legal recognition was given to the Society as a body corporate, the second Charter was a Supplemental Charter, and was granted by King George V in D ecember, 1919. I n a secondary capacity the legal existence of the Society is governed by its rules . \ V hen the fJ rst Charter was gran ted the rules of the Society were submitted and approved, and it was a condition of the Charter that they should be so approved . Two memoranda of approval of later rules were issued by the Privy Council in December, 1919, and July, 1920. The right to be the first Patron of the Society was reserved by H . l\1. King Edward VII , and the present patron is H . :\1. King George V . The primary object of the Society as defined by the first Charter shall be to furnish aid to the sick and wounded in time of war. Under the second Charter the purposes of the Society are extended to include, among other objects, the improvement of health, the prevention of disease, and the mitigation of suffering throughout the world . Should the Society cease to carry out these objects tbe Charters become void . The Society has power to alter, repeal, add to, or otherwise amend its rules, provided that such alteration or addition shall not be repugnant to the provisions of the Charter or to the Laws of the Realm . I t is interesting to note that the affairs of the Society are in the hands of a Council, wh ich, it is provided, m ust consist of not less tban ten nor more than fifty persons (exclusing the R oyal Family, the Chairman, and Vice- Chairmen), but tilat if there be a vacancy, the Counc il shall not be p recluded from acting.

For your next dance, whist dri \'e or other ocial eyent do not forget to order copies of the posters ad\·ertised in this J ournal. Speaking at the annual dinner of !\les r . Pope and Pearson's West R iding and S ilkstone Collieries' ambulance corps at Normanton, 11'. \ V. H. Galletley, the agent, said that Pope and Pearson's far exceeded the number of ambulance me n as laid do\\·n in the Coal l\lines General Regulations fo r first a id in 1930. They had one first aid man to every 12 e m ployees-a trul y p roud distinction .

FIRST

132

November, 193 2.

A 10.

FIRST

November, 19.32.

A I D.

J33

TREATMENT OF CHIE ' T IN EYE.

~uet'ies

and J\nswers eorrespondents.

=2ueries will be dealt with under the following rules ;1. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left band corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID , 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4· 2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a " Q uery Cou pon" cut from the current issue of th e Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue. 3.-The T extbook, to which refelen ce may be made in tbis column is the 38th P 928) Edition of S .J. A.A. Manual of Fi rst Aid.

TIIAXKS TO THE DOCTOR. Once again it is our pri\'ilege to tender to Dr. Corbet Flether the sincere thanks of our readers and ourseh'es for his ilwaluable help during the past t\\,eh'e momhs. This issue marks the Doctor's completion of seyenteen years \'oluntar)' sen'ice as Honorary l\'Iedical Corre pondent to this Journal. During this period O\'er 2,000 queries ha"e been submitted to the Doctor, 'whose answers are accepted by all as authoriti\'e. The time spent in ans\\'ering the e queries cannot be imagined; but to Dr. Corbet Fletcher this time is ,,'ell spent. .-\1\,'a),s in his mind are the desire and the endea\'our to help those in want of knowledge and to further the efficiency of the ambulance worker. Since his promotion lo Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief of the Brigade, the Doctor's time has been more fully occupied but, nevertheless, queries submitted by our readers still recei\'e the same careful expert attention. Readers, the toast is-" Dr. Corbet Fletcher. May he long be spared to carryon his good work! "-EDITOR. EXA;\llNATION HOWLER. D. S. (East Ham).-In a recent class examination I asked one of our recruits \-vhen he would remove the clothes of a patient and ,vas much amused by his prompt answer: " A.t bedtime ,I " ext, please! ! - T. CORBET FLETCHER. Good! AUTHORISED CONTENTS OF POUCH . C. I. (Doncaster).-In the August issue of FIRST AID you gave us the authorised contents of the pouch as laid down in Dress Regulations. To settle an argument \\'ill you kindly tell us if 'we may carry articles not in the authorised list? Some of us do not consider the abo\'e sufficient when doing duty single-handed, especially with regard to one triangular banda~e. The pouch should contain only the official eight items: but under the circumstances I see no objection to your carrying unobtrusively extra articles in your pockets or haversack. -K . C.F. TRE.\"l.\lEl\T OF DRESS O~ F1RE. L.D. (Victoria). - The B.R.C.S First Aid Manual (p. 122) tells us Lo lhrow a basin of water over a person whose dress is on he. Please tell me if such treatment is permissible. . It cerL~inJy is permissible. At the same time I prefer the lnstructlons of our Textbook because the first aider is more likely to have "a rug', blanket or table coyer" available tl-jan a basin of water. ConsequenLly his action in a critical emergency will be much quicker than if he has to rush of{ in search of a basin of water.-N.C.F.

A. C. (Treherbert). - If a man carr) ing a bag of cement should stumble and burst the bag and if the dry cement shou ld co\'cr his facc and eyes, what hould be done :J vVe have di cu sed tili problem in our Di\'i')ion and we canr-ot decide the correct lreatment, we beg- ll) submit to your ruling. Cement consisls Illainl\ of lime and silica. 0 treat a., for Lime in Eyes. (Textbook p. 136). ;\.C. F. TREADIENT OF I~RACn' RE()

THE

HOUSEHOLD PHYSIGI N (NE 11\1

EDITION)

d escribes In simpl e language with helpfu l coloured plates and diagrams

THE DISEASES OF MEN WOMEN AND CHILDREN.

RIB'> .\ND FE~IL'I{.

Their Cause, Treatment and Cure.

H. G. (Kensinglon)- lf we had to treat a patient for Simple Fractures of Rib and Fcmur (both injuric ' on same side), should \\'e take the splint right up to top of armpit or only Lo top of buttock? \\'e -,hould be pleased if you would inform us \"hich of tltc'>c is correct. The Fractured Femur i clearly the more scriou,> injury and demands priority in first aid treatment. '0 apply thl: body bandages for the Fractured Rib,>, then treat the Fractured Femur as laid down in the Textbook, and then support the upper limb on the afTecteJ side in a large armsling. The plil1t can do no har1l1 to the Fractured Ribs, ",hile the extra support will g-i\ e comfort ttl the patient, and the bandag-e round chc'>t just Iwlo\\' armpib will not unduly handicap breathing because the patient \\'ill seek to restrain his chest \\'all for all he is \\'orth.-J\. C. F.

W ITH CO M PLETE INST RU CTIO NS ON FIR ST A ID, THE SCIEN CE O F HYG IENE, P HYSI CAL CU Ll U R E, Etc.

FIRST AID has never been expec ted to take the place of the doc tor. I t IS designed to preve nt the ill -effects of accident being more senous than the accide nt wtiirran ts. So it is with The Household Physician. It is not published with the aIm of making eve ry reader his own doctor, but rather with the aIm of giving every reade r sufficient knowledge to allow him to act In the absence of a docto r.

SPECIAL TREADIEXT OF POI'>O~I"( •. D. H. (Buckley).-I cannot under.,l.lI1d \\ hy undcr Sp<:l' iill Treatment of Poisoning- (pr. 114-176) thc Textbook tells us in some instances to aprly the General Rule.., bcfor<: administering the antidote, and in other insl<lncc,> to administer the antidote before aprl) ing' the (;cnl' r,t! Rules. So, being perplexed, I appeal to you for help. Thus, in Iodine Poisoning, are \\'c to gin.! starch and waler first and to folio\\' thi ' with an cmctiL, as laid down in General Rules? .\gain, in Opium Ioi-.;oning . are we to give an emetic first, as in General Rules, and then to administer permang-anatc of potash? .\ltcrnalively, does the T stbook mean tl) teach Us that thl' antidote is sunlcient and renders an emetic unnccc,>san' it1 each case? Your query confirms my opinion lhat in this Chapt<:l' theory has been allowed to run riot and that fir.,t aider'> will be puzzled thereat, more especially as emetic and antidote are part and parcel of the General Rule'). Practical exp<:rience also makes me the more sceptical because I hm'c nC\'er yet succeeded in making a " poison case" vomit until he (or she) had swallowed a fourth lumbler of mustard and \\'atcr. Personally, I regard it a much more important to gi\L' an immediate emetic and lo empty the s,omach in these cases cf Non-Corrosi\'e Poisoning than to delay action whik you obtain the antidote This done, you can admini'>tcr the antidote and leave iL in the stomach to carryon the good work. Further, I can imagine ccrtain indi\'iJals being so book-bound that they will delay the application of "General Rules" until such tilDe as their messenger returns frolll thc local chemist with the appropriate antidote. In reply tJ your specific question, of course you must administer an emetic in all cases of Opium and Iodine Poisoning; and the sooner) ou do this the better it '.Nill be for your patient. -N. C, F. SOME POSSIBLE FOi\l1TEs. D.S. (Bournemouth).-The ursing Textbook on p. 192 tells us that the infection of Erysipelas is com'eyed by " Fom ites." As I c~nnol find this word in my dictionary, I ask your kind assistance. T he term is derived from a Latin word which signifies " to uch wood" or c, tinder" and is used Lo signify allY article

CHI LO R EN - Ie explains how 0 feEd, Jjathe, clothe, and de,cribe e\'ery di ease of childhood, giVing the Simple home remedies and the doctor's cUles as well. L AD I ES-It explains and descllbes e1ery disea,e and complaint of we men f(om girlhood and throughoul life, giving the simple home remedies and the doctor's cures as well. . There arc hundreds of subjecls of value to all. The muscles, teeth, dige tion, haLr, food Yalue, JU·JilSU, phrenology. IIow to dia.gnose diseases, flom appearance of head, face, tongue, throat, chest, perspirati()n, etc.

THRE.E

TESTIMONIALS

FROM

HUNDREDS

RECEIVED.

" I hav e r-s i n e d 10 0 %in e a c h of the 8 test e x aminations . . the k nowl e d g e of Whic h I attribute to your volumes , I ha\'e yet to meet my defeat in AMBULA,\LK EXA;\ll:>.ATIONS."

"I am delighted wilh 'The Household Physician,' and as I a.m an am~ulance man, I can appreciate them Lo their fullest extent. They are worth twice their

c ost. " . "\'ery pleased and delighted with same. They are wnnen and explained so plainly thal I am sUle everyone who sludies them must under·tand, and, acrain the

Illu s tration s are s o t rue tha t anyone who had n o knowledge""' at' al l about the part icular disea · e the diagram illustrates, would surely r ecogn ise it when seen on anyone . "

A fe w of the subjects treated: How to Keep WeB F irs t A id .sy mptoms of Dis e ase s The Di seases of Wom e n Tne Care 01 Infancy The Diseases of (;hildren Sick N urSing from " A " to " Z " Principle. of Anatomy Prin",ipl es of HygIene Prin ci" les of Pharmacy He. ~ Root and Salt Rem e di es The Nervous System Physi cal Culture and Hea h h E x ercises B ea lity Hints Nourishing Values of Food s Nerve and Brain Dise a s e s Diseases of t he Ge n eral S ) stem Old Ag e and ib Di s eases Hom re pathic Treatment Phy ~ i c al Proper'ies of th e Bod y All About the Mu scl es Skin , Nose and Throa t Disea s e s Chest and Heart Diseases Sur~ical Diseases The Eye, the Ear, etc. Baths and 8athin2' Water Treatments Medicine.; and Th e ir Pr e paration i'ervous Prostration and Neura s thenia Index. etc., etc. , etc.

----------------------------------------------F REE I Messrs. VIRT UE & CO., Ltd., H. Dept., 19, 20, 21 , Thavies Inn , Holborn Circus, London , E .C.I.

OUR

BOO KLET ~ ~~e~:ese~~ ~eP~~E~~~klet without charge or obligation to purchase EXPLAINS. TVn'te /01' z't fa-do)' .

ADD

~:s::'

...... .. . (S~~d fO'~ U~"al~d en~elope, 'ta~pe~halrpe~n~) :hl'

•••••••••••••••

134

FIR S T

which, being brought into contact with a person suffering from an infectiou disease, may retain the germs an d so spread the disease. For example, bed clothes, woo ll en garments, carpet, curtains, toys and letters, may all be possible fomites until they have been properly disinfected .-N.C.F. TREAL\IENT OF PRODUCER GAS POISO! l1\G. R.~. (\\'annarlwydd).-I should be grateful for information \\'hich would belp us in dealing with patients who may be O\'ercome by Producer Gas used for smplting purposes at Steel \Vorks. I ask this fa\'ou r in order to settle a difference of opinion at our local Steel Works, \"here I am employed; and the problem arose as follow :\\'hen I arrived at work one night recently, I was told that four men were suA"ering from the effects of Producer Gas Poisoning sustained earlier in the evening. They had been gi\'en plenty of milk and had been walked about in the open air, and placed on a cold bank out of doors; but when I saw them, they were lying oc the ground in the fitting shop, each wrapped in a blanket. Personally, I think that they shou1d have bpen kept recumbent in a warm room, and that oxygen should ha\'e been administered. Further, I think that they should ha\'e been kept warm with blankets and hot water bottles, and that they should have been given hot tea or hot milk with sugar added, while they awaited the arrival of the doctor. As a regular reader of your query column in FIRST .-\m, I shall be grateful for your opinion. Producer Gas is a mixture of Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide. The former is a very dangerous gas in that it has no smell. Further, when inhaled it combines with the hzemoglobin of the blood and seriously impairs its oX)lgen-carrying po\\'ers. The best treatment is to administer oxygen continuously if available, and to apply the General Rules for Treatment of Asphyxia as laid down in the Textbook, p. H8. - K.C. F. SLI TG FOR SE\'ERELJ ARTERIES A '0 CRUSHED HA 'D. D.S. (vValkden).-At Divisional Practice recently I set a case in which a man in a motor accident was supposed to have had his Radial and CInar Arteries severed two inches abo\'e the wrist and to have had his hand (same limb) slightly crushed. Dispute arose as to the correct armsling. Some of us contended that the large arm sling should be used because the crushed han d should be treated as a fracture and not elevated, whereas others maintained that the limb should be supported in a St. John sling because the wound was the more serious injury. \Ve shall welcome your decision. The correct sling- for both injuries is the large a rm -sling, t he St. John sling, according to the Textbook, being rese rved for Bleeding from the Palmar Arches and for Fractures of the Clavicle and Scapula.-N.C.F. SIG1\S AND SYMPTOMS OF FRACTURED SCAPULA. P . B. (Coventry). - The Textbook tells us how to treat a patient for Fracture of Scapu la; but it says nothing about the signs and symptoms associated with this fracture. So we shall be grateful if you will rectify th is omission. The signs and symptoms are for all practical purposes the same as for Fractured Clavicle, as you will realise when you remember that the shoulder girdle consist of an anterior (clavicle) and a posterior (scapula) limb. If the girdle be broken in any place, then we get similar signs and sym ptoms. Fracture of Scapula, howeve r, is

A I D.

N ove mber, 1932.

us ua lly du e to direct, Fracture of C lavicle to ind irect, \'iolence. Wi th both th e aim of treatment is to keep upper li mb s up ported at th e side of body and also with forearm raised.-N. C.F. T REATi\JENT OF FRACTURED PATELL.\. L.D . (CaiLhness).-The B . R. C.S. First Aid Manual (p. -+5) gives instru ctions that the lower bandag-c for fixing the back splint should be applied round foot and ankle. The S. J .A.A . Textbook (p. 75) merely tell us LO apply the bandage" round leg," though the dir1g-ram shows it applied j ust abo\'e ankle. Please say which is correct. So long as the back splint is held firmly in po ition, I do not think that it matters whether the bandage is applied to the lower end of leg or round foot and ankles. Personally, I prefer the S.].A. A. method because I belic\e the banda~e will fix the back splint more securely.-N.C.F. CO;\lPRESSIO:-l OF ILIAC ARTER\,. L. '0/. (New Cross).-A friend who has be n attending Ilr L aid classes (not under the auspices of thc ,\ssociation) informed me that his lecturer told the class that it was possible for a first aider to stop the Iliac .\rtery by pressure with the clo ed fi t. .\nother doctor, who attended at the same place, also said that it could be done. Doubtingthis,orratherbeing- indoubt becau elhis is not mentioned in our Textbook, I would be greatly obliged by an expression of your "iews. Compression of the Abdominal Aorta with the clenched fist is possible, provided that the patient's abdoman is noL too obese and protuberant; but 1 frankly confess that I cannot imagine any first aider thus controlling one Iliac Artery, and that I am not anxious to meet a patient who requires such treatment. Years ago Profes or T\1acE\\'en dc"ised H method fL)r Compressing the Abdominal Aorta as follo\\'s: The patient being recumbent on a table, the operator stand on a stool and takes his position 011 the left side in line wit h the patient's umbilicus . He then place the knuckle of hi clenched right hand a little Lo the left of the middle line, keeps his elbow straight and leans on the abdomen. It j claimed that pressure on the Aorta can be maintained in this way fo r half-an-hour without fatigue. . C. F.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRICADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

AIDa

Regulation- Right! Quality- Right! Price - Right! All Uniforms cut to Cus tomer's own measurem ents

NURSES

COATS,

SPECIALITY.

Send P. C. lor Price List and Selj·",eamrelllent I'orms.

T H OR T ON

T a ilors a n d Un iform Makers,

co.,

TBLBPH

No. 281.

YORKS.

N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.A., M.B

M.R.C.S.

"As a work of reference, the book will be excremely useful and should he in the library of all ambulance \\·orkel·s. " - FII~sr .\ID.

Price, 3 /6 ; pos t t ree, 4/~ . THE

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE A S SOC I ATIO N, St. John's Gate, LON DON, E. C. r.

FLAC DAYS. HOSPITAL FETES. CARNIVAL DANCES.

LEGAL QUERIES. C. J .P. (Bournemouth) wants to know whether a First t\ider who sends home a man who is in a state of intoxication, in a taxicab, is pesonally liable for the cost of that taxi. H e desires to know if the principle that a person is liable tor the cost of necessaries while under the influence of d rink covers the point. T he L aw is that the person who hires the cab is responsible for the cost thereof. The other question does not enter into the matter as it is stupid to say that a taxi is a necessary fo r a d runken man .- E. MAITLAND WOOLF.

AIDa

HOME-NURaING.

EFFIOIENOY

FIRaT-AID.

ERRO R S

FIRST-AID.

II. net: post 24. Errorll la Plrst.Ald Detailed and Explained. , 1lsis Dooi Kivu Ol cl' Olr.r i1lsig-ht i1l10 1M tnlthods a"d di/J'ic fl ltiu OJ .m,rg-''' c, trlOlt",'1I1 0" 100Y "',,, Ih0l1l 1M official T , xfbooR itSlI/. "-L AN CET.

COMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcher , I ndividual and Question-Six Folders). Price 6d . each net, post, I,d Each Folder contains special art icle on Competitions :-No. I, Training of C om. petition Teams; No.2, Conduct of Team in Competition Room; NO.3, Common Errors In Competition; NO. 4, Further Errors in Treatment; NO.5, History 0 C ompetition Tests; No.6, P reparation of Tests.

WHY

AND

WHEREFORE:

FIRaT-AID.

Fift h E d ition. Price II . :.ad., post free. DllllcaltiOI II ItadJ aad Treatment lolnd bJ Question &lid ADSwer. "w, co",m,"d l his bOOR t o L,ctt4",rl Ol1ld S tt4tU1I tl w ho will fi 1l" it 0/ p .OlI l,rTJi" . "-FIRST AlD.

HINTa

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLIEa.

P os t fr~e , 8d. Orderl, Da tlell Slmplllled aD \! Tabalated, with A!dl to .emorJ. .4 mlJlt comp Olct Oroc" fl r, . . c01l fa i1lJ ... t4C" fl1Iftl i"lo'-"'Ollio1l ."-PRES CRIBBR

FIRIIT AID.

Illnstrated by So diagrams In Colonrs with Explana tory Letterpress. By Sir JAM E S CANTLIE. K.B.E., LL.D ., M.A., M.B. C.M., F.R. C.S. , D. P .H.R.C.P. 7, d. net; post free.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES. Moun ted on Canvas, Roller top and bottom . 2 55 net each. Post, IS . I. Human Skeleton, front view. 2. Mnscles, fron t view. 3. Human Skeleton back view 4. Muscles, back view. 5. The Heart and principal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen ( B). 8. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (D ). 10. The Nervous System. II. Schematic diagram of C irculatioo. 12. The Human Ear. 13 The Huma n Eye. 14. Mediau Section through Skin IS. Medlau "ectlon throul!h Head.

LIFE SIZE

MANIKINS.

Female, 80 8 . net.

" ' ith Foetus, 858 . net.

Male, 8 08 . net.

Carriage 28 .

book t h at I s SAIl i n g by t he h u ndred.

ACCIDENTS AND

EMERGENCIES.

Their Signs, Symptoms and IT First A1d" Treatm.ent:, An Ideal Memorizer Quick Reference. By A. T . O OODI I'I O . With Preface by WILLIAM L OCK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN NICOLSON, l\I.A., l\LB., Ch.B.Glas. 11. :Jd. net post free.

CAI(VBL L.

M.I( . C • •• Ba • •

FIR.T AID III FEW WORDII. (2ooth thousand) Revised.

THE UNIVERSAL BUTTON CO., 13, 15, 17, SURAT STREET, BETHNAL CREEN, E.2.

W it h Coloured D iagr ams.

HOME .. URSI .. B

I ..

Cloto, 6d . 1-4 pp.

BA .. DABI .. O

F. R . C. S.

Stroug paper. 2d .

POS' 10.

FEW WORDII. (56th thousand) Revised Strong paper, 2d.

Post Id.

DIABRA .. II.

Pp. -12 bandaging diagrams, with notes.

HEALTH I" Tel ephone I EAST 4091, ILLU S TR ATED LIST FREE .

12pp.

W ith useful reference tables. 12

Strong paper, ~d .

Post Id.

FEW WORDII .

20th Thousand.

By Sir R. N , FI R TH. D.P.H . P aper folder 3 in. and 4 ill. P ost free 3d. net.

M . PI(BSTOl't . D'tn01lstrOl~or to t h, P ol"t",," ;c. P rice I~ . ne t ; postage, 2d Its Applicat ion Accu rately D es cribed by Words and ItO D iagra ms. THE ROLLER BAN DABE. P ri ce I ~ . net; postage, 2d. lis Application Accuratelv Described by Words and '02 Diagrams.

HOW AI(D

THE TRIA .. GULAR BA .. DABE:

CARRIAG E

PAID.

1,000 Pair s New Str etcher Slings, 2/- pair>; 4 p airs , 7 /- ; 10 pairs, 17/-

1,000 Ex-Army Ambulance Stretchers,

FIRST-AID A.. ATOMIGAL DIABRA ••• 13 (1 to nand I4)on Roller P ost fr ee, 31. 9d. net.

No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs 1/ 2 THE GOMPLETE MANIIUN . P rice 21. net ; postage ,.d Systems of Body accurately indexed. I nvaluable to Students of AnatoID} Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects.

6/- t o 20/- each. E . W . (Forest Gate).-(1) The oldest defin ition of exec u tor wh ich I know is as foll ows: " 'Executor' is when a man maketh h is testament and last Will and therein nameth the person that sh all execute his testament, then he that is so named is his execu tor." (2) A trustee is one .vho holds the ownership or possession or d om inion over the subject of the Trust, but is bo und to a ll ow th e beneficial enjoyment or usufruct of that s ubjec t to be vested by a noth er who is call ed the Benefic iary. -E.M.W .

FIRaT-AID.

P ost free, .1. 3 d . Probleml In 5tadJ, lreatment and Examln.tloa 101 .. 4 lor lealor Itadents " Witho,,1 dOflol 1M ODOR will 0'01 g nOlt urTJiCl i1l Ih, tr Oli1li1lg- 0/ t holl 10" whom it is dlZig1l,d. " -BRI TISH M EDICAL JO UR NA L .

For a ll supplies write:

Th ird Edition . Revised. Price II. 2d • • post free. aome·Plaulng Slmplilled aDa rabalated, wltll Aldll to .emory. I This booi w/",d, ,,jwll,, l imp /i/ill Ol compl,x It4D;,ct Ol"d shoflld b, r,ad bll a t. It t4d," t l ."-L. 3; N.W . R v . G AZBTTB.

AMBULANCE

TH E ST. JOHN AM BULAN CE ASSOCIATION , ITS HISTORY, AN D ITS PART IN THE AMBULAN CE MOVEMENT,

& C.,

Seventh Edi t ion. P ost free , IS . 2d . Plrst.AI 8i mollfled and TabUlated , wlt b Alai to .emory . C"l. Si" TOlm,s (all/lre C11ItriDt4tlS 0l1l ;1It rodt4cti01l 0l1l d w, '1Idoru h is KOO w 01"" ;011 0/ t M DOOR."-LANCBT.

COMMON

24, Commercial St., BRIGHOUSE,

FIR8T-A~ D ,

MANUALS OF

By I. CORBEl FLEICBER, •. B.. B.C .. B.l.(Crl ntab). • . R.C.S

A. FIRT H , 20 , Wakef ield Road,

PONTEF~ACT.

THE WHOLE ART OF BA .. DA.I .... By

TnB~LA

BOW.BI( .

Ill ustrated.

P ost free, II. ~d .

POOKET FIRST AID SERIES.

.. F IRST AID" QUERY and REPLIE~ COUPON. To be cut out and enclosed witll ,,1/ Que,,;es Nov .. 19 32

By Col. 1(. J. BLACK.HAM . C.B .. C.M.O .. C.I . B .. 0. 8 .0 .. M. Jl (I) P oIsonIng, (2) H<emorrhage, (3) Insens ibility, (4) Asphyxia (S uspend ed Brfllt ' Ing), (5) F ractures, D islocations and Sprains, (6) W ounds, Biles} Burns, Sce.l d ~ R upture and Miuor Inj ur ies. The Sen es con tai ns all the essentials of First Aid P rinted on li nen ·lined ca rds, 31 In. X in. Third Ed it Ion. 6d . ne I ~ ,.ch postage 2d ex tr a.

AID" TO MEMORY FOR FIRST AID STUDENTS JlIID NURSES VI:UlNON NEWTON. M R C M. (t3 nll) 94. net. P est JOHI\I

B~LE,

SONS

DANIELSSON.

83-91, Great Tltchfleld Street London

Ltd .

W ,1.

Hobson & Sons (London) Ltd.),

Jr A. WYLIE & CO .• Who/e.a/e lIIIaker. of

Manufacturers of Uniforms, Headdresses, Accoutrements for

MEDALS, BADGES

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE.

LIMITED

QUANTITY ONLY.

Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

TROPHIES

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I. Phone-Hop 0680 & 7065.

EQUIPMENT.

"STERAID '(Regd.) series ot absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dressings are placed in this Patent Container, which, hv a simple rotation, uncovers ( nly the quantity of gauze rn lint required; after cutting this off, rotale the Container in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are complete IV protected from exposure and retain thei r natural aseptic condition. (Awarded the Certificate of the Institute oj Hygiene.) All Dressings are ot GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE.

".SANIBI.N" (R~d.) an efficient receptacle for receiving sOllee dressmgs, saD! tary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing in any convenient comer, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS ; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST·AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements. SEND FOR PRICE LISTS:-

BAILEY & SON, Ltd.

MARRIOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT ard at 137. Sentinel House, Southampton Row, London, w.e.1.

Entered at ] [ Stationers' Hall

1932.

P~ICE THI{EEPENCE [3/6 PER ANNUM, POST FREE

&ultable lor II

FIRST AID"

AMBULANCE AND SOCIETIE8.

CORP.

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL. No. 77-

Bronze, 3/- j Sliver, 4/6; Sliver. Gold Centre, 6/9.

O"iginal Designs and Quo/a/tons post ,,,ee.

Wholeaale Prlcla to all U FIRST AID" SOCIETIEI.

London Showroom-

62,

HOLBORN

VIADUCT,

E.C.

NOTICE

READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. Th e Annual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3d. Its aim and Object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the 10vement and also wekomes suggestions for Practical Papers. All Reports, &c., should be add ressed to the Editor at Ihe address below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily /01" publication) by the name and address of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, RE\·NOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CAN ON STRERT, LONDON, E.C.4. 7 elegrapllic Address-I< TWlmtl'-lozrr, London." 7 elephone-Cmtral I1 2I •

Telephone-0840 Cltv.

Nortb of England Office: 22, YORK PLACE, LEEDS.

SURCICAL

DECE~IBER,

No. 462.-VoL. XXXIX.

Contractors to H.M. Ministry of Monitions, Russian Government, &c.

ADDRESS-

1(OBE~T

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

AND

~il~CIAL·

OFFER of All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed TROUSERSPrivates-13/9 per pair.

FIRST AID

CONTENTS

ASEPTO BANDACE COMPANY, 46,

CANNON STREET, LONDON~ E.C.4.

Before purchasing your supplies of

SURCICAL DRESSINCS, FIRST AID APPLIANCES, BANDAGES, etc., Ask us for a

quotation-

YOU WILL SAVE MONEY.

Quality - Quick Delivery Lowes t Prices. Sole Agents for the well·knowtz

ASEPTO

INSTANTANEOUS BANDACE. THE PERFECT STERILISED DRESSING. SAVES TIME WHEN

SECONDS COUNT.

Prinl-ed and .l:'ublisheu. by DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon· street, London, E.C.4, to wh~~ all c"mmunications should be addressed. Telegrams-"Twenty·/our, London." Telephone-Cmtral I42I. To be h<1.d of all New5!1geuts, Booksellers and Bookstalls in the TJQjt~d Kin~dom and at aU Railway Bookstalls of Messrs. W. H Smith and SODS.

THIS

NUMBER. ~

EOITORIALThl.' I ndepl.'n<.knL PaLient

TlHyards Perfection Ll'l Lures in Ek1l1el1tar~ .\n,lt011l::> S.J ,, \. Brigade OJ triet Reports The Rl)\al Lik ~;\\ ing- Societ\' Priory for \Vales .. , ... Public IIealth Cong-rl.''>s and Exllibition Railway Ambulance Te,,· Police Ambulance News ... The Treatment l)f Burns in Out-Patients "'ith Reinforced Tannic ,\cid Dressing Cl)llien ,\mbulanC'l' Xe\\,s Curati~'e Couplets :\ l o te on Dental Dcca\' .. , .\1l1bulancc News Cuttil;gs from the Press Our Nur es' Page Home en'icc i\mbulane Committee QUERIES AND ANSWERS

Best

137 13<

139 141 145

146 148

He) 152

153 155 156 156 156 157 159

TO CORRESPONDENTS-

Chargc of Street ,\ccidents Examination Howler Treatment of Fractured Humerus Simple Fractures of Both Legs Treatment of Insensibility Treatment of Fractured \Vri t Authorised Contents of Pouch Treatment of Fractured Leg 'Vith out Splint Treatment of In ensibility Treatment of Poisoned vVound Treatmcnt of Prussic Acid PoisoningTreatment of Choking Classillcation of Strychnine Treatment of Carbide Burns . .. Treatment of Fractured Forearm Promotion in BI-igade Answcrs in Brie! Legal Queries

160 160 160 160 160 160 162 162 162 162 162 162 163 163 163 163 163 163

EDITORIAL. THE decision of the authorities to adopt the "independent I !\'DEPEN DE:\,T patient" in the 1933 in ter-railPATIE:-\T. way competition is the fulfiiment o[ a course \vhich has been consistently ad\·ocated in the pages of FIRST A1D for over twenty years . That it has taken S0 long to convince those responsible that the change was desirable 'ivi]] make it none the less welcome. It is indeed as difficult to appreciate the cause of the delay as it is to understand what was In the minds of the organisers who first laid it down that the "patient" in any first aid contest should himself be a member of the team. and a paticipator in any prize awarded for the treatmen t he recei,'ed. Apart, altogether, from that aspect of the matter, hmyever, is the fact that the patient being a mem ber of the team, cuts right across 'iyhat is set out in the conditions as the o~iect of the contest, i. e., "To test the ability of the men to deal with cases under conditions of actual emergency," for surely in real circumstances the chances of four rai I waymen being called upon to render first aid to a fifth, a highly qualified first-aider himself, who has studied first aid with thcm in preparation for that very event, is quite beyond the ambit of "conditions of actual emergency" or of reasonable probability. This and other aspects of the arrangement, all of which point to the desirability of the" patient" in an ambulance competition being unknown to those who are to adminster treatment to him, and preferably unqualified in first aid, have been mentioned in these pages so often, that little is to be gained by repetition now that the desirable, if belated, change is to be made. It is, however, interesting to note that a lthough the old arrangeTHE

FIRST

138

ment of the patient being a member of the team has survived to long in the inter- railway competition team tests, the patients in the individual tests have aI-ways been outsiders. Further, individual railway companies in their own competitions which are a selective process for this same inter-railway contest, have long ago abandoned the team member patient for the independent patient, which means that their own contests have been under conditions dissimilar from the ultimate inter-railway competition- hardly a desirable scheme at any time. The effect of the change, as far as the team tests in the inter-railway com petition are concerned, will be four man teams, although for the present at any rate, the fifth man, the erstwhile" patient," will still undergo a test in individual work only. That is, he will partici pate only on one side of the competition. The change gives rise to the question of the most suitable number of members to form an ambulance competition team, and upon this there appear to be differences of opinion. One of the rail"ways has gone all out for the four-man team and independent patient for many years, with, it is understood, most satisfactory results, but whether a railway team should consist of 3, 4, 5 or more members is open to discussion. Suffice it to say that four brings it into line with St. John Ambulance Association transport possibilities, and gives a com plete change of bearers for stretcher work.

readers, at horne and abroad, to contributors and advertisers, cordial greetings for Christmas, and trusts that the New Year may hold for each and all of them a full measure of health, happiness and prosperity.

, ••••••••••••••• , ••••• ' ••••••• ' •• 0 •••••.

December, 1932.

A I D.

Towards Perfection. By

"MALLEU

(COI1c/"c/('r/ (1'0111 fage 2. -

TIlE

III).

TAND.\KD Dl\' ! IO;\'.\L Sll PERINTE TDE NT

(Contz'nued). HE represents, nol only his Division, hut, in many instances, the whole Brigade, to the local authorities and various organ isations in his town or neighbourhood. His conduct in public, both in uniform and out, should never be " unbecomin a arlofficer and a gentleman." The whole Ambulance :\lovement mar be judged by him. 1£ he has officers serving under him he must never forget that they a?'e officers-and must he treated on and off parade as social quaIs; but on parade he must not forget that he i their Divisional Com mander. Young officers must be taught to carry out his policy in (he Division and be trained to take his pI ace in his ab ence r on his promotion. Young N. C. O.'s and promisin privates should be h is special care. No Unit can be far short of the mark if its N.C.O.s are sound-no unit can be either efficien t or happy if i ts ~. . O. s are unwisely chosen and poorly trained. His command must be dz·sciphlled. IIe musl teach discipline- discipline in the true sen e of the word. \Vith this we have already dealt, and in this respect, much will depend upon his own personality. If he fails, through barsh nes or lack of kindly understandin g firmness, his Division, that should be a Damascus hlade, is a painted broomstick. 3.-TH E STA ' 'DARD DrvIsro;\,AL URGEOl\'. The Surgeon occupies a difficult position. He has no executive or administrative responsibility or authority 1 except that, when called to a case as a doctor, his word as a doctor goes. Note: his word as a doct01'. l\'OT his executive order as an officer of the Brigade. He may be asked to deliver a course of lectures either for candidates for the First Aid certificate or for preparation for the Annual Reexamination of members. In actual fact a Divisional Surgeon is an active officer of the Division, or a passenger, according to his own sense of responsibility. A medical man who is appointed as Surgeon to a First Aid nit is assuming responsibility that the training of that unit in first aid matters is all that it should be. Headquarters look initially to the Divisional Superintendant to see that his men know their work-but the doctor is the man who must feel (T

December, 1932.

FIR S T

that by ac",epting the post he is becoming the mentor of a ban I of eager learners. And what teacher wil l not feel responsible [or the doinas of h.is child.ren '? ~f there is any virtue in the physiCian, a little of It goes out to his first aid pupils. A good Divi ional Surgeon will : 1. Conduct a cour e of lectures in First Aid and .0/lu'l' sll.~iects hz tlte St. John Syllabus, if requl~ed, or If especially indicated by reason of the cIrcum tances of lhe Division. .2. B presenl al duties covered by the Division. A good su r eon is a to\ver of strength to a Fir~t id U nit on duty. 3. Arrange tests and competitions within the division and train for outside events. +. Practice tran port o[ casualties, hand-seat, human stretch ~r , etc. This can be staged and dramatiscd (sc :\' orthern Area's exam pIe). 5. \.rrange leclures or talks on First Aid alld kindred subjects hy himself orother surgeons. 6. Encourage members of the Division to gi\'e talks on Fir t Aid ~ubjecl , followed by a di~c.us')ion! the Di\' i ional Surgeon being in the chai r. Thc!:>e arc hi!:> t chnical duties as medical anie'e r. Fu rther ;I. A Divi ional urgeon will use his local p~si.ti?n and inflllen c to add to the prestige of the n IVI lon, and the :\Io\'emcn t, in the neigh bou rhood. 2. IIe will back up the Di\' isional uperintendcnt and om mitlce in any social functions orga nised by the Di\ i ion. 3. II will take the chair at Divisional meetings excrcising the tactful control that his experience as a medical man will havc taught him. At these mectings he will be careful in his capacity as ch.a irman, \\hile being trictIy impartial, to maintain the respect due to the Divisional Superinte nd nl. 4. If he i an old soldier, either medical or co mbatant, he will know how to foster the spirit of true discipline, de\'ot ion to duty, and esprit de corps .in his Division, tactfully, unostentatiously, a nd Without unduly vocal insistence. 5. H will set an example as an ofilcer, a gentleman, and a willing tender helper of the suffe ring and strickcn. . If he ?oes thcse things, he will be worthy of hIS men, hiS rank, and his high vocation. If not, the Division is better without him. Now, h07U shall be brt'llg about tillS ideal stale of aJJaz'rs? IIow can we see to it that our men , our officers, our surgeons, approximate very closel y to th is sta nclard ? Our men need little attention. Their recruit training and their enthused efficiency is fairly well provided for. . But our officers and surgeons, good as they are In many cases, are good becallse of tliemseh1es,

A I D.

139

and. ~ot as a result of any special training for their pOSitIOns. A suggestion was given us in a letter published in the July number. \Vt" were told how the Boy Scouts provide a training scheme for those of their officers who wish to avail themselves of it. Our ~fficers. ~re, most of them, sufficiently proud of theIr posltlOns to be willing to spend time and trou ble in order to learn to fill them more adeq uately and with greater credit to themsel ves and the organisation they serve; our suraeons if their general level. of keenness is not sobhigh; would become keener If they had to work for their positions, and not, as too often now, be pressed and pandered to before joining and after. A thing \vorth doing is worth doing well. The result of the institution of such a Training Course may be that, for a time, the Brigade would have. f~\~er surg~ons and fewer officers in charge of DIVISions holdll1g the rank of Superintendent. But one keen, well-trained officer is worth ten w~o fall short of the standard, and the end-result will make for a still higher level of all-round efficiency in all ranks and in all ways. \Ve have been crowned with a crown of service. ~e~ us add still greater service by seeing to it that It IS kept always bright and that its inset jewels are of the finest water.

Lectures in Elementary Anatomy ."" By A DOCTOR. ARCHES OF THE FOOT.

I.N order to support the body in the upright positIOn, the foot IS constructed of a series of arches formed by the tarsal and metatarsal bones, and strengthened by the ligaments and tendons of the foot. The principal arches are the anteroposterior arches, a medial and a lateral one; there are also a n umber of transverse arches. Flat-foot is a common deformity due to the disappeara~ce of the arches of the foot caused by the stretchll1g of the plantar ligamen ts. Considerable pain is one of the early symptoms due to the pressure on the plantar nerves . The condition in young adults is due to muscular weakness caused by having to stand for long periods daily. 1\1 uscu lar· rest is essentia l in the early staO'es for once b , t 11e IIgamen ts are stretched, they can not be restored to thei r o riginal cond i tion. TIlE l\Iu LES OF THE TR U I }\:. Tlte Intercostallllusc!es. -There are two layers

* R eprinted by courtesy of lht. Ir£sh i\'urst"ng and Hospt'taI I VorM.

F I ,R S T

140

of mus les between each pair of ribs, these are called the Internal and External Intercostal muscles, the fibres of the external muscles run obliquely downwards and forwards and towards the middle line in front, and downwards and laterah"ards at the back. The Internal Intercostals run in the opposite direction to the above. These muscles have their ori cr in in the rib abO\'e and are inserted into the rib belO\y; they are supplied by the Intercostal arteries and nerves. The chief muscles of the back are the Trapez ius and Latissimus Dorsi. The former is a larg e flat trian g ular muscle covering the back of the neck and shoulder j the latter is a trianguIarshaped muscle covering the lumbar region and the lower half of the thoracic region. Th e Abdom z"lZ al l1Iuscles consist of three layers; the fibres of each layer run in different directions. This arrangement gives additional strength to the abdominal wall. The fibres of the outer layer run downwards, forwards and towards the middle line; the fibres of the nex( lay er run in the opposite direction, and the inner layer run transversely. A Gn'diron Incz"s£on is commonIv made when performin g an operation for appe ndicitis. This means that the fibres of each layer of muscles are divided separately according to their direction. This is more likely to leave a firmer scar than an incision which is made directly throu g h all the muscles, Th e centre of the abdominal wall is further strengthened by the Recti muscles. These a ri se from the pubic bone, and are inserted into the lower en d of the sternum and the 5th, 6th and 7th ribs. TH E

CIR CU L A TORY SYSTE.\I.

The heart is the chief org an of circulation. It is a hollow organ composed of involuntary muscle, and is situated partly behind the sternum. The hea rt is con e-shaped, about the size of the closed fis t. Its broad end, which is upp e rmost, is called the base . Th e narrow end or apex points downwards and to the left of the sternum. Two-thirds of the heart lies to the left of the middle line; it extends from the second left costal cartilage to the fifth inter space medial to the nipple line; the right border forms a curved line from the third to the seven th sternocostal articulation, extending an inch to the right of the sternum. The Cavdz"es of the Heart.- There are four cavities, two auricles and two ventricles. The h eart is enclosed in a double membrane called the pericardium j the inner layer is closely adherent to the muscular walls, whilst the outer layer, forming a closed sac, surrounds the heart loosel y . The auricles are thin-walled and situated at the base. The left auricle communicates with the left ventricle and the right auricle with the right ventricle by means of valves. They do not com-

A I D.

December, 1932.

municate with one another, ther is no communication between the left and right sides of the heart. The ventricles are much larger and thickerwalled than the au ricles. Two large veins, called the inferior and superior venae cavae, enter the right auricle. The blood which has been collected from the upper part of the body is conveyed by the superior venae cavae, and that from the lower portion by the inferior venae cavae. The blood is termed venous or impur blood, and passes through the tricuspid valve, which separates the right auricle from the right ventricle , an I is forced through the right and left pulmonary arteries into the lungs (these are the only arteries which convey impure blood). In the lungs ca rbonic acid gas is liberated and oxygen is absorbed. The bloo.i is collected by the pulmonary veins (th s e are the only veins which convey arkrial or purified blood). It is thus conveyed into the left auricle, from thence to the left "entricl e through the mitral valve. The left ventricle contracts, fo rcin g blo d through the aorta and it branche into the capillaries allover the body. I t is then collec ted by the capillary veins j it rasses throu g h "eins cr raclually increasing in size until it reache the s uperior and inferior venal; cavae, thu completin O" an entire circuit. Papdlary jlIlIscles alld CllOrdac.- There a rc projections from the inner surfaces of h th ventricles called papill a ry muscles, to whi h are attached fine tendinou s cords called ch ord ae tendineae . These are attached to th e fl a ps o r cu s P ' o f the triscuspid and mitral valves. \'.'hen blood ha.s passed from th e auricle into th e ve ntricle, the backward pressure of the blood closes th e vah·e. This preven ts any com m unication between the auricle and the ventricle until the bloocl is expelled from the ventricle. Th e S e771£lUllar Valves. - The valv es at the origin of the aorta and pulmonary arteries arc called the sem i-I unar valves. These consist o f three circular membranous pouches with th ir convex surfaces turned towards the ventricles. A backward pressure of blood wou Id fill the pouches causing their edges to meet and thus closing the passage into the ventricles. The Coronary A1,ten·es. - There are two small openings just outside th e semilunar valves of the aorta. These are the origins of the coronary arteries by which the heart itself is supplied with blood. First aid competitions under th e au s pices of th e :\forth Riding Centre, S.].A.A., were h eld at l\liddl es borou g h , on Saturday, December 3rd. Acldal11 Works team w e re the winn e rs with Mr. R. O. B. Jon es (Tees Conservan cy Commiss ion A) the winner of the indi viduat prize with full po s ibl e marks .

When corresponding with :nention "FIRST AID"

advertisers

kindly

FIRST

Decem ber, 1932.

A 10.

141

~---------------------------------------------------------

Tile 5 t.

Brigade

fohn

A nzbulance

DzstJ/zct Reports.

No. I. (Prince of Wales's ) District. Th e a ll Il ua l di n Ile r of t h l O fliccrs of ~ "n, 1 D is tr ict \\ a ' h c ld n il ~at ur Jay, Dccl:mhu' 3rd a t the H otc l G r cat Ce ntr a l. ~r arYlelJ() n l'. L ic ll t.-C(;1. F. ,\ . B r()ob;, '()I1lI1l ISSlollcr. presided, T h e gat h erIng \\as ~raCld by thl prl'>ellCl ()j the Ea rl oj 5carlJorfl ll;..:h. ~llh - Prinr ()i thc Order, who cmpha ic;ed th e Inc r eased tnll uf human life- especia ll y n n the r oad\\ hic h ha ' r e'>uJted from the prog r ess of I1lC)de rn im'c n tio n s and 1l1a('hille~. .:'. lelll llL'rs nf the nri~a(k said L ord 'carbornllg-h, wc r e !1fJ\\ ada\:- morc than C\'e r called Oil tn rlJ1tkr Good ~al1l:trita n -likc services tn their fl ll nw-mcn. Thci r s ",as ,Ill ull:clfish work. [oullded OIl the ill:plrat inll of an ageloll'" hU11lallllarian tradilinll-a lab()ur of lo\'c for whic h t1H.· ; a:-kl.'d llO rc,,·ard ,>an! the cOllsciouslless nf ~L dLlty donl . FieJd-~[ar. hall \'i:-collnt AIIl'nhy abo (mphasiscd the !rOll" 0 i thl' incrca ill~ call:; 1) 11 amhlllallce workcrs' se r Yice~ ill IhL''>t' clavs III ceaSl' iL-ss ' CiClltific illHlltion and 111cchanlc:ll pn ,(:!'r~'. s. l\ S dlll,tr.tti\·l oi the \\llrl· dllllv by thl D i·trict. Lil:ut.- ~Ill. Ilrllrlks n1\ lltIlII1L"d that dllrIn~' the past year thl'\' had 1,.+30 rl'l'ruit , "rin~6ll~' up the lllcml>l r' to about I.O{)(). Thc nU111hlr lJi caSl'''' attl nilcd tu dUrIng the year tntalkd cl o. t' 1111 1/,(11 II. ;\111nll(:!' tl1O"l' prl"l' 111 \\ l'rl' : Lad~ \ llLnIIY . ~fajor(;cller:t15Ir P c n .: i\':11 \ \?ilkin-,ol1 (:(l'n' tan (;l'l1lI".1 1 of the Oreler anc! Din c tllr Ilj J\ mhlllancl') alld Lady \\ -dkin<;on, 1.\d) J'ClTlltt (Lady ~llpt.-IJl- 'hld), :\ . CIl;hLl Fll'tcher ( \ "sl"l:tnt :urg-LIl11 - ill - l'hid). Dr. \\". E .. \ udlallcI (Co u nt) l 01111111 sl(}ller, ~ () . ·illr<bhirl'l. Lil' ul -CIiI. :11' IT ul!,'h Tu rn hu ll (Co11l111ls:--i()llcr IIi City Plllin) . SIr \\ "a ltlf A lle n (l 'o1l11l1itllcla 11t-i 11-Ch Il' i, ~rl'l mpo lI tan ~IH: C l cll Cill1stah u la r) Rlsln·c). the ])\"an IIf Illickillg and :\Jrs. R()~·ers. ~ r ajor T011l 1111 (Chid «(llhtll>lL. :'I[t trnpillitall Pol icc) , ::'I Iajo r CClll:rClI ,'Ir Dudk) RHllltJt. 'ir lIerhert J, Ormolld (~layor II f Stllke ~ l \\ ill~t()ll) alld the :\la~ un>~. SJr J amt:s .' ladl, ::'I l r. S. \\ , l;l:td\\"l'll, .:\ [ajllr TbnhLs (Coullty C<llltroller, Y ,.\ ,n.'s, Lnlld,lll). l.tllt.llll _', L'ahusac (Chll.'i ~ccn.tar). S.J ..\ .. \ ,), 'oJollel R , l, .\ 1rc ) .' Captain OahsJoll es.

On ~ o \'e ll1b e r 23 rd a s u ccc s ful and we ll atte nd ed Cl1 nte rence of Surgeo n" w as he ld a t N o.1 Di st ri ct II eadqu a r krs . Th e COJ11ll1i..,i o nc r ex pl a in ed th at s u ch a m cetin g h a d not bee n h eld fo r ve r y m a ny yea rs, a nd aske d th a t diffi c ul ti es a nd s ugges ti o n s s h o uld be fr ee ly c'- prcsscd . The Surgeo n-in-Chi e f CO!wC) cd , thro u g h hi::; rcp rese nta t ive th e .\ ssis ta nt Surgeo n-in- C hi ef, hi s in ce rc reg re ts fN hi s ull m'oidahl e abse nce , and al so hi s bes t wis h es for th e s u ccess of th c C o n fe re nce . Di sc u ss ion t oo k pl ace o n "ari o u m a Lte rs, a mong whi c h were th e ncg lec t on th e pa rt o f so m e Sup ts , to k ee p th e ir Divi s io nal Surg co ns info rm ed con ce rning a ll Di\'is io nal ac ti\'ities , and to re co rd a cc urately th e drill s att e nd ed by th e ir Surgeon s , th e need for th e latter to ycrify their pe rso nal record s before th e Form s B . F.1 w c re s ubmitted to IIea dquarte rs, and thc un certainty a s to whether th e co ndu ct 0f a rc- examin a tion or of a competition for ano t he r Divi ,> io n could rightly be' claimed a a Drill.

Th e Di ... tri c t Surgeo n th e n r epli ed to s('yc r a l questions an d s umm a ri se d th e leadin g s u ggest io n s; a ll d the COl11 mi 'is io ner, in co ncl u sio n , th a nk ed a ll present for thc i r a tt e nd a nce whi c h , h e said , b ot h fa \'o ured eOic ie n cT an d also mad e fo r th e ir hcttcr acg ua in ta nL-es hip, an d promised to p lacc th c a p proyed reso luti o ns befo re the next Brigade II cad llll a r ters Starr :\[ eet ing, D,\C:E:-;II.\:\I.-Duril1~' ::\oYl'111her thL Special Dutie:co\'('red by the Division includcd the L ord ~ I ayor Show a nd t h e Armistice Day 'cn'ice at the Cenotaph. T hese \\'e r e in adJition to thc stan ding- duties which were ca rr ied o u t as ll sua l. On ;\Cl\l'lllher 10th the CompctitlfJl1 for the" D. B. H o",a rd" Trophy \\ as held: the District u.r~· ~on judFin~ the Practical Test and the A si lant Com111 I 'Ioner ot the ~\r ea the \"iya Voce. 5e,'cn compctitors pre<;ented them... eh cs and nn the. marks being allotted it wa found that Cpl. .\ . J. \\ 'ch ' le r and Pte . H. \ Y. Blower tiLd fo~ first placl:. A sub _ic1ia r y tet placed Ptc. Blr)\\"Cr, ahead, ot Cpl. \\" ('b ter hy a Yen' 'light margin. hut as thIS contm~el1cy had not be~n foreseen ~in draft~ng the rules of the Competitio n it \\ as a~Tccd that the Trophy be ~hared bct\\'een P te. B lowc r and Cp1. \ \Teh -te r. the name of thc former taking prccedence hy rea on of the ubsidiary test.

E ,\ST H \:'L-~ "Inc teams from Ambulance Diyisions took part in the East IIam and Di , trlct contest fo r the Shield. pre cntLCI to East IIam hy ':\Ir. T hirkettle J on S aturday. ::\O\'c111bcr 19th . :1.t Lathom Road Schools. and the r e \\ as f!'oocl cro\\ d to \\ atch the proclcding-s . The Judges we r e D r , ~ tuart. \\'oo lwic h ( \ "i\a \ ~oce): D r. ~ f c Kett r ie k , East II am (Practica l ): a n d Capt. Bendix, District Surfreo n assisted h\' Asst. Comm r , (P u blic Duty) Capt. Goocl ley for the fLam Tcst. The te"t was a collision be t \\ eCIl ~ mlltor cyclc and a :.!,TOCl r' hoy on :1. push bicycle . T h l moto r cycle had ru n into a i!.!.'n post in the da r k and \\ as In nam~s. most r caiistically _tagl'd with red light and coloLlruJ r ibhons R(m ing out hy means of a concealed Llcctric fa n . The tcam . on plllting- out the fire-a ll appliances h anch - \\ ClS allowcd :1.11 o \ crhl'ad spotlight. The \\,i;111 e r s of the Troph:- \\ ere East Ham ,,-ith 351 ~ ma rk s, the ru n n ers- u p \\'est H am, 320. followed by R oyal Ar sc n a l. 3 0 :;~ . Trays, 298. Dag-en lum. 2C)7 . Beckton. 269 t , lI fo r d, 2661. Ba r k ing, 251. L eytonsto!1c . 2-t.n. .Am o n g t h osc prese n t w ere the A - istant Commi '' io n e r. Capta in K en da ll and ':\1rs. K endall, ~Ir. and 1.lrs. II a r r is. Co un ci ll or and .:\l rs , Harpe r. ~I r . \\"ard. ~Ir s , B o u lt \\' ood . Li c u t. - Co l. H ami lton. loLe (Co u nty Surgeon ). L ady District O fficer ~I iss C ur ti ' , and Supcrintenden ts a nel 'Office r s of m ost Amhu la n ce and ~ur ing D iv is io n s in t h e A rea , a n d m a n y me mb e r s of th e amc ,

011 Saturd ay a fte rn oon, Deccmbe r 3 rcl . ~ Iiss ~ I a u cJc \\ -c JI. pre cn tccl , at th e Pa lace T heat r e , d. Ydriety ent,e r ta inm e n t by th e pupils a nd st uclent' 01 her DanCIng /\ ca d enw , A la r o'C a ud ience w as p r cse n t and the app la use o'iY el1 t~ eac h i tc~1 h O\\' ed h ow m u ch the ente r ta in ment ~'as a ppre c iated . Th e pro ceed - of th is m at in ee w a. in a id of the fun ds o { th c E as t II a m Am b ulanc e a nd Nurs ing D iyi s ions.

14~

FIR S:T j , .f~ A I D .

During the interyal) 1\lr. Yarney, manao-cr of thc theatre, introduced ::-[r. ':\lark Harri) pre ident of the Ambulance Diyi ion, who in a short peech thanked the audience for their co-operation. H e also thanked Miss :Maude \\ ~e lls for her untiring cffort . Lady upt. :'11' .. ':-[orri h endorsed the remarks of ::-[r. ':-Iark Harris. Cadet Joall \\'oolford presented )'Ii5 . \\~ells with a beautiful bouquet of pink carnation on behal f of the Di"ision. There were other bouquet . etc., hom admirers and friends connected with the studio. In returnin o- thank )'Iis \\'ells aid it \\'a a pleasure to present her show and thanked all who had assi ted her, including )'1r. Ga ton, the stage manager. ~I iss \ \ ' ells presided at the piano throughout. and Cecil Hartley' Orche tra played elections throuo-hout the programme. Ambulance men and nur es acted a, ste\\'ards and programme sellers. HEsToN. - A ,'ery successful social function arranged by the H eston S ect ion of the Southall Ambulance Oi\'ision was held in the Village Hall, Heston, Middlesex, 011 Saturda\', November 26th. All pre ent spent an enjoyable e\'ening" :\lr. L. A. Harrison, Pre ident of the Oi"i ion, undertook the duty of 1\1.c. and the Nimbus Dance Orche tra conducted b,' 1\lr.- Turner, deputy for 1\lr. Bennett, D. C. ~1., supplied th~ dance music, The catering arrangements were in the hand of '\lrs. Taylor ~J rs. Price, \J rs. :'Ilatthews and \1 iss Ha'>"kins. .-\ local tradesman in wishing tbe Section a successful e\'ening, presented a box of chocolates which ,,,as giYen as a spot prize The examination of class members which is being held in connection ",,,ith the newly formed Section, of \.\·hich Di\,. Surgeon Dr. J. A. ;\lacCarthy is lecturer, will be held earl\' in January, when it is hoped that those successful in obtain'ing their first aid certificates, will join the Section. SOuTHALL. - According to the attendance on \Vednesday, December 7th at the dance arranged by the social committee of the Southall Ambulance and Nursing Divisions at Fairlawn Hall, Southall, it \vas evident that the work of the local Divisions is appreciated. Amongst the members of the Council, medical profession and trades people present were M r. ]. A. Saxon, J. P., Councillor C. Collins, Councillor and Mrs. Creesey, Dr. A. B. Brook (Di\', Surgeon), Dr. Olive (Lady Oi\.'. Surgeon), 1\lr, and 1\1rs. Yerbury, Dr. and 1\1rs. ~JacKenna, Dr. and :\1rs. Crawford, Mr. W. H. Warren and 1\lrs. Warren, Mr. E. R. Willis, Mr. C. C. Smith and l\1rs. Smith. :\1r. L. A . Harrison, President of the Division, was :'1. C. and the im bus Dance Orchestra conducted by 1\1 r. C. Bennett, D.C.l\I., supplied the dance music. During the interval Mr. Councillor Creesey said he had opened a special fund to pur..-hase the oxygen apparatus on \'iew, for the Ambulance Division which would be used for the public in cases of necessity. A dance would be held on Tuesuay, February 7th, and the whole of the proceeds would be for this special fund; the apparatus would be on show in the window of l\lessrs. Honesty Ltd., where cont ributi ons could be received. Later in the evening Mrs. Crawford was presented with a box of chocolates, being the holder of a lu cky ticket. Mrs. Crawford \'ery kindly handed these back to the M. C. with a request that they be put up for auction and the proceeds be given to the local distress fund. Amid loud applause Mr. Harrison started the bidding, the amount realised being£2 -ls. 6d. Just after midnight, the singin g of Auld Lang rne foJJovved by the National .--\nthcm, conclud ed a jolly evening. No. 107 (YORK Ro.\D) L.N.E.R.) DIVISIO:-';.-A dance was held by this Division on Saturday, November 26th,

Decem ber, 193 2.

in the Pillar IIall ,uite, Alexandra I alacc. The "Lomax ' yncopator ' " provided excellcnt mU ' ic for the large num ber of dancers present, and the event rnwecl a g r eat succes" hoth ocia ll)' and financially.

December, 1932.

FIRST

appointed a

crving Brother of the Order of St. John of The gift was made ill recognition of t.he con ferment of t hat h onour, and of the services Mr. Fowles had rendered to the ])i"ision.

J erLlsalem, and an Acting Corps Officer.

No. III. Oistf"ict. BIR;\lIXCIT.u1.-The social actiyity of the Birmingham Corps :\.C.O.'s Cluh rccommcnced on ~o\'e1l1ber 26th with a concert \\'hich \\'a held at Ambulance Headquarters. The popularity of thc e functions \\'a sho\\'n IJ\' the attendance of ~.C.O.'s and their wive. who c;ljoyed a plcnc1id programme which had been arranged hy ergt. \Y. P. Lowe, the honorary secretary. Thi . ('oncert, the attendance to which taxed the capacIty of the room, auger' \\-e ll for future. oeial C\'l'nt . During the c\'cning apologie, wcre rcc ein~d from the Count\' Commissioner and nthcr .~taff Officer" \\'ho \\'e re unahl~ to he present. KETTERIXC.-The Kettering Corp' hl'id It · annual team and ill(liyiclllal competitions on Tuesday. :\'()\'cmher 22m!. Eleyen teams compeLcd and the adj utlIcatJOll was in the able hands 0 j Dr. J)ryland and Corps Surgeon C. Gibbons (team), Dr. Locke a.sistcd 11) Scr~·t.-~raJnr,l. ':-liller (indi\'iclual). A large audience \\ Itl1c_ed the teq" and t()ok great interest in the proceeding. Dr. Dryland announced the team te.t reult a follo\\'s: 1, Headquarters; 2, Dc borough; 3. Burton Latimer. In hi remark thc doctor tated that although the technical work \\'a good, the work \\'a not done quick enough. Dr. Locke announced that PriYate Kimher 0 f Rushton had gained first place in the indi"idual with 40 marks out of 46, followed by PriYate Lenton (Kettering) 38. and PriYate Abbott 37. ::-lrs. Butl in of Roth\\'ell presented the PrIZlS \\ Im:h 111eluded a cup for the team test pre entcd l>y Dr. Dryland and the" Royal Edward" Cup, presented by ::'II r. harle \Yard of Kettering:. for the indi"jdual tet'. Corps Supt. Curtis was in charge, and other officers present included: upt. vV. Dyson (lIeadquarter), Lee (Railway), J. A. chofield (Rushton), ' Riggall (Broughton), Lenton (Tw)'well), Ambulance Officers Crick (Corby), Dawson (Burton Latimer ), G. harpe (vVeldon) and F. :i\Iarlo\\' (Desborough). SP:\RKHILL.-The econd annual concert and shield competition of the parkhill Division took place on November 16th at the Friends' In titute) Warwick Road, Greet, where Colonel B. J. T. Ford, Acting sst. ounty Commissioner, presided. In a review of the year's work he said the Division had 28 efficient member ' . During 1932 419 public duties had been attended, making a total of 1,061 since the formation in the early part of 1930, while 120 ca es had been dealt with in the past year, a total of 255 cases since 1930. From the formation of the first-aid class in 1928, 41 men had obtained certificates) 24 passed for youchers in the second year) 18 passed for mcdallions in the third year and 33 for lab els for four years or more. Co lonel Ford presented the awards for 1932. The competition for the Sparkhill Cha ll enge Shield presented hy the Divisional Surgeon, Dr. E. Fra e r Brown, took place in t he hall, judged by Dr. V . Goldman. ., A" team ddeated "13" team hy the narrow margin of 3 points. During the eyening, Dr. Fraser Brown, on behalf 0 f the Division, presentcd an official walking-stick to Mr. R. G. Fowles, the forme r superintendent) who has been

STOURBRIDCE.-The Stourbridge Division has lost a valued member in ollncillor S. ewell) whose death occurred very suddenly on ovemher 14th, after a short illne . 1\1r. Newell had heen associated with the Division since it.s formation in 1914, having served in the capacity o f Div. ecretary and torekeeper and had heen Diy. Treasurer since 1921. At the funeral at , t.ourhriclge Borough Cemetery on ovember 16th, memhers attended no.; hearers, and Div. Supt. II. Baker and Officer F. V .. mith, with Corps. ecretary P. H. Schofield (Dudley and Dio.;trict Corps.). were also pre ent. Dr. 1. II. imrkis~ (Div. urgenn) gave a very comprehen. iYe and 1l1tcrcstin.e: lecture on "The Respiratory Sy tern," on Xnvcmhl'r ISth. after which a number of questions \\ ere asked hy memhers pre. ent. new fir'it-aicl clas ha been commenced in the Di\ ision, and a !.:ooc1 numh e r of candidates are expected to attcncl the lectures which will commenre in January, inl'iudin~ a numlJl'r of local Police Con<:.tahles. 'l\fcmhers continue to perform puhlic duties at the l(}c:11 cinema' and foothall matches with enthll. ia. m and regularity. Orderlies arc regularly in attendance with the .\[()tor Amhulance rlln h\' the local <:;uh -Committee. which i::; doing excellent . en'ic~ in the district. No. IV. ( Lanca' hire) Di... trict ,\In.\ COXFERE;'\(,E,-Tn oreler to keep in closer touch with the yarinu~ Corps and Divi ions of the Di trict, the C01l1I11i. _inner, \V. G. ,mith. O.n.E., has inaugurated Arca Con Ference:. with Officer 0 [ and abO\ c. the rank of Amilldance Officl'\' (hl)th Ambulance and Tur ing-). The fir. t of these onfcrenccs was held at Accring-ton on :-\I)Yemht r ] 2th. \\ hen the Commissioncr met the 'Officers 1f Xo. :2 . uh rca ( Tn . 1 Area) includin~ As t. Comlllis"iol1l1' F. E. de n. Pim. L.R.C.P., District Officers, \fajor T. . ),fnekenzie. :r-.LB.. 11. ., Dr. R. Clegg, one ('orps . l1r~eon, thre Corp .• llperintendent~, two Divi.-iolla l llr~con'S, eleven Divisional ,uperintendcnt , two Corps Officer'S. nine Amhulance Officer., six Lady Divii()na l uperintendents, nine Lady Amhulance Officcrs, and t\\ 0 Cadet, uperintendent. The Lady District Superinfcncie llt )'fr". E. . Tweedale, C.B.E., .R. R.C., J.P., and he Di trict Secretary, District Officer J. H. Clcal, were t1 0 present. Very intere ting di cu sion took place on such subects as ' Road Patrol Duty," "Establishment of Cadet lTnits, " "The ensuring of the efficiency of Surgeons," " Examinations," "Examinations for promot.ion," "Annual Ret urns," "The Brigade and its relations with the A soclatio n Centrc ." etc. The Conference was a decided uccess. The Commis"in ner wa thanked for affording the Officers of the Suh"'-rea thc opportunity of meeting for discussion of Brigade mat ters and it was unanimou ly decided to hold a similar Conference half-yearly, at Blackburn and Accrington -t1ternately. Tn addition to the Area Conferences held during- the past few weeks the following have been arrano-ed :~D ec em ber 21st, No.4 Area, at Wig-an; January 4th, No. S Area, at Liverpool; January 10th, No. 6 Area, at Preston; Not fixed) No.7 Area, Probably at Grange.

TnORNTON CLEVELEys.-The annual competition for the "H 0 Knm Tong" Shield, which was presented last

A I D.

143

year by Mrs. Ralphs, the wife of Assistant Commissioner E. Ralphs, was competed for on November 12th, in conjunction with the competition for the" II ill " Shield and the" Mary IIill "Cup. The result being as follows :-1. " lIill " Shield, BlackpooI Division; 2, "Ho Kom Tong" Shield, Lytham Division; 3) "Mary Hill" Cup, Kirkham Division. l\f rs. Ellesson 0 f Preesall presented the prizes and was supported by the Chairman of the Urban District Council, District Officer Gastall) Divisional Surgeon Penistan, and other influential ladies and gentlemen. Tea was afterwards provided, and the ladies who attend to the Social Side activities of the Division are to he congratulated on their efforts to make everybody welcome.

No. V . District. GAINSBOROUGII.-In recognition of his services as Superintendent of the Gainsborough Division from June 8th. 1909, to May 25th, 1931) Mr. F. F. Linley, who recently retired from the position, has been presented with a c;ih'er cigarette casket from past and present members. The presentation was made by ex-Sergeant Goulding at the h eadq uarters of the Division, and at the same time -:\Ir. Linley pre ented a silver bar to ex-Sergt. Goulding in recognition of his 21 yea rs' service in the Brig-ade. Sen~t. Goulding paid tribute to the leadership of 1.1r. Linley, and said everv member of the Division who had served undcr him had cau e to feel proud of Mr. Linley and to appreciate his efforts in their interests. Mr. R. P. White, the present Supcrintendent, also referred to Mr. Linley's work.

No VJ fl. (Duke of Connaught's) District. HAILSIIA:\L-On Sunday, J ovember 27th. the dedication of the iotor Ambulance presented to Hailsham by :r-.1r. and Mrs. A. D. Jarvis, attracted great attention and a 'Vcry large number of people turned out to witness the proceedings. The Dedication Service was preceded by a parade which formed at the New Drill Hall) under the command of Di t. Officer H. J. Wrigglesworth, supported by the As istant Commissione r, Capt. E. A. Chill, O.B.E., Dist. Officcr Capt. W. Butcher, Lady Di trict Officer Countess Bra ey, J.P., and District Surgeon Dr. Sidney VV'ilIiams. Leaving the Drill Hall, the parade, headed by the Di trict Bugle Band, from Gravesend and Northfleet Divi sion, and the Hailsham Town Band, under Bandmaster P. French, consisted of the Hail ham, Eastbourne) Battle, Southern Railway, Rye, Rob ertsbridge and Le\'v es S.].A.B., Boys and Girls Cadets from Eastbourne, The Red Cross Society, Hailsham and Herstmonceux Fire Brigades, Hailsham British Legion, Ex-Service Men. T oc H., Friendly Societies, Boy Scouts, Cubs and Girl Guides, and was fo llowed by the new Motor Ambulance. The Rev. Gunne Busch, Vicar of Hellingly, conducted the service in the Pari h Church, which was crowded, a large number being unable to gain admittance. The impressive ceremony of the presentation and dll'ication of the Ambulance took place in the Market Squa reo In accepting the gift, Capt. E. A. Chill expressed the thanks of the Brio-ade to the Donors, who also spoke of the plea ure it gave tllem to be ab le to a sist the cause of the relief of the ick and sufferinO'. The Ambul ance was then dedicated by the Vicar and, after the singing- of the at ional Anthem, the Parade reformed and mar~hed r~)lmd the town, and returning to the Corn Exchange, (IJsbanded. Mr. and Mrs. Jarvis afterwards entertained

FIR S T

144

tho e takin o- part in the proceedings to tea in the Corn Exchange. HASLEMERE.-On November 17th, the Haslemere Division held its annual competition for the "Kenneth Poland lJ Cup. Five teams entered, each composed of three men. Great was the enthusiasm shown, by all members whether competitor or steward and the Division can safely say that their members are very much alive. The team test was set by the Divi ional Surgeon (Dr. C. W. Jenner), the individuals by Am b. Officer A. Knight (leaders) and Sergt. A. and CorpI. J. Randall (others), each case being a typical one that might be met with in every day life. The honour of holding the cup for the ensuing year fell to "A lJ team, comprising Privates E. Folland (leader), George Mills and Ernest Denyer. A number of students now taking a course of lectures were present, as also were members of the Nursing Division, under their Lady Supt. (Miss Stables) who presented the Cup to the winning team and certificates and

A I D.

December, 1932.

The main Injuries were a dislocated hip and a fractured tibia. There were several minor injuries. The time allowed from start to finish with the patient in the ambulance was twenty minutes. Dr. Bradshaw pointed out certain omissions and mistakes he had noticed, but expressed his satisfaction with the work done by both teams as a whole. Dr. Skinner said he 'w as very pleased with the individual tests, and upt. Lee classed the stretcher drill of both teams as excellent. Tea was provided for the teams, officials, and yisitors. CIIELMSFORD.-The new headquarters of the Chelmsford Diyision were opened on Saturday, November 26th, by the l\Iayoress (Mrs. Hugh vVrie-ht). The building was formerly the recreation room attached to the Chelmsfo rd V.A.D. Hospital during the war. Toward the co t of £200, £ 120 has been collected_ The work has been well done by Messrs. Choat and Son, and 1\1r. A. E. \Viseman, A.R. I. B.A., gave his services as han. architect. Prior to the opening, Mr. H. Lane-ley Jones, Assic;-

December, 1932.

FIRST

Meeson, and others. The flag presented by Nursing Sisler IIawkes was unfurled. The Mayoress then unlocked the building, and wished SUCCL:SS to the work to be carried on within. Mr. Lang-Icy Jones said that in the search for the site for those headquarters \'aluable help was given by General Wigan and AIeL palding, and they were al 0 indebted to the Congregational Church officers and other friends. Prayer was offered by Canon ::\1orrow, and the Rev. O. L. \Vhitmee read a passag-e of Scripture. Canon )Iorrow performed the dedicatioll, and the Mayoress formally declared the headquarters open, after which she was presented \\ ith a houquet by little l\Iiss Ric1geoll _ General \Vig-an, in proposing thanks to the Mayoress, congratulated the hc1msford Ambulance Division. upt. orfolk econded, and the Mayor replied, saying the work in the Chelmsford district had been giyen an excellent lead by General and )[rs. \Vig-an. The alional Anthem concluded the proceedings, and afterward the company had tea in the J3addow Road Institute_ This Di\·ision held a dance on Friday, Dccember 2nd, at the ,hire 1Tall. O\·er 200 were pre ent, includingDrig.- lel1. \VI!?:an (President) and )r r -. \Vigan_ ~ pot dances \\ erl arranged and all lnjO) al)k c\'enin!; was spent. Amh. OAlcer Barber officiated as '\I.e. The helm ford DI\ isi()l1 han formed a \"oluntan· Dlood Tran.-fuslon . Cf\"lce WIth Pte_ \ _ \V. Liml"LII (107. , \\ i s .\nnllc , Chelm::.i()rcl) a Ilnll. Secrdary. About 25 memhers have em()lled and up to the prl'~ellt three calls have heen made Oil the ~ en·ice ill .Jll'It1l~ford and Di~trict.

The Royal Life-Saving Society.

Seatea

Armley and Wortley Di vision, S.J.A.B. CorpI. H. Taylor, Amb. Officer W. E. Pemment, Div. Supt. E. D. Glover, Oi\-. Surg-eons Dr. Rusby, Dr. Haddow and Dr. Wood, Reserve Corps Supt. E. Eddison and Amb. Officer P. J. 1oreton.

labels to the Brigade members who passed the examination. Votes of thanks and refreshments brought to a close a pleasant and instructive meeting.

No. X. District. BRAINTREE.-The Chelmsford Division defeated the Braintree Division in the preliminary round of the Essex County Cup Competition, held at Braintree, by 218 points to 206. The judges were :-Dr. R. D. Bradshaw, Colchester, teams; Dr. T. E. Skinner, Wivenhoe, individual tests; Supt. W. H. Lee, Colchester, drill. The team test, set by Dr. Bree, Manningtree, County Surgeon, was an accident to a cyclist, who had been run into by a motor vehicle, thrown, and left on the road. He was found unconscious/ and there were no eye witnesses of the accident,

tant Commissioner, accompanied by Lady District Supt. Mrs. Sybil Porter, inspected the Chelmsford Ambulance Division and the Sandon Nursing Division. There was an excellent muster, the men being in charge of Div. Supt. W. E. Norfolk, and the nurses under Lady Supt. Mrs. Margaret Warren. The inspecting officer expressed his admiration of the efficiency of both the men's and the women's branches. Miss Morrow handed the general efficiency cup (presented by Mr. Langley Jones) to the Chelmsford Division, Pte. A. W. Lindsell receiving the trophy. The prize awarded in a competition for new recruits was given to Mr. H. G. Richel!. There was a large gathering at the opening of the headquarters. The Mayoress was accompanied by the Mayor (Cr. H. Wright, M .B.E. ), the President of the Division (Brig.-Gen. J. T. Wigan, c.B.) CM.G_, D.S.O_, J.P.), Mrs. Wigan, Ald. Spalding, Canon Morrow the R<;:v. O· J.".. Whitmee, Mrs. C. H. de Rougemont, 'Mi s

FRO\! the :\l)H'mhl.'r "rlick it \\ ill be realised th;ct there nrc threc principal methods h~ \\ hich l)ne can relea'>e one L1f from the dutl h of a drowning persOIl, hut th ' re nrc additional ways in which assistance can hI.! rendered to those in di . . trcss. It is proposcd in thi- articlc to describc the method h\ \\-hich hl.!lp can bl: g-i\'en to a s\\-il11l11cr who has o\"ert;;xed his ~trcng-th, or has been scizcd \\ ith cramp. Naturalh· onc who is able to ~\\"illl, should not lose his head under s~ch Ct'nditi0Ils, and the dang-er of clutched does not, therefore, arisc, and the "hh ,\1 ethod of Rescue hould be applied_ To do this, the resCUl'r will ,;,,"illl up to the subject and instruct hilll to place hi!> hand upon the re cuer's shoulders, then to keep his arms straig-ht and his head back. The re cuer will then swim with a strong breast strol..:e, and so assist the subject to safeLy. The subject may either keep hi _ legs together, or place them wide aparl. In practising- this method, an important point should be noted. If it is necc san· to turn the swimmer rOllnd for the purpose of heading fo~ the shore, the re.cuer should swim the ubjcct round, and not try to turn him whilst he is in a vertical po ition ; the danger of attempting to do the latter is the liability to push the subject under water by reason of applying weight on his arms or shou ld ers in the proce s of turning-_ So far itS rescues are concerned, we hRye as umed that the drowning person is on the surface of the water, but a more serious condition of afrairs may arise, when the subject has sunk to the bottom. Should this be the ca e, it is first of all necessary to locate, if possible, the position at which the body is likely to be found_ This can be done by watching for bubbles ri ing to the surfRce, due to air coming from the body and clothes of the drowning- person. If he has s \~nlz jq !5t i il writer) the b~Jbb1cs will of ('O\1rse rise

A I D.

145

vertically, but if there is R current where the bubbles are located, it will be necessary to look for the body higher up the stream. II ow far up must be judged hy the strength of the currenl. Having located the approximate position it is necessary to make a surface di\-e. The correct method of performll1gthis is to approach in a direct line on the surface by a good breast stroke to within three or four yards of the sunken pl"rson. L\void any break in the rhythm of the stroke, or in pro~ress as you [)repare to descend. Take a full breath as the legs are being dra,\"n up, and as the legs are beingpowerfully swept out and round, depress the head and shoot the arms forward and together towards the bottom. As the arms make a vigorous breast stroke mc".rement to carry the rescuer to\\-ards the bottom, sharply lift the legs at the hipjoint (straight and together, toes pointed) \·ertically into the air, in line with the descending body. Reco\-e r the arms so that from fingers to toes you are in one straight line. .\s the hands approach or touch the body, hollow the back, when the trunk will glide horizontally; outstretched and sweeping arms should soon locate the body. If the precise [)osition of the body is unkno\yn, keep the head de[)ressed and swim round steadily in e\-er widening Circles in order to discO\-er it. Ha\ ing g-ra ped the body, rise quickly to the surface. This is done by LlHo\\'ing back the head, looking u[)wards, and pushing orf from the bottom, but if the bottom is of a muddy nature, e-.;ery endeavour should be made not to touch it with the leg-s, but to make vigorous back stroke kicks towards the surface. To understand how the descent is to be made rapidly, it must be realised that the legs weigh considerably more out of the water than \\-hen immur ed ; thus the sharp raising of the legs into the air, combined \yith the strong downward pull of the arms, gi\·es sufficient impetus to carry the s",immer comfortably and speedily to the bottom to a distance of 10 feet or more without any further movement. To be a perfect di\-e r from the surface of the ~\"ater, requires practice, and this should be obtained ~-hene\'e r possible. The ad\·antag-e of heing- able to perform surface diving is hest hown from reports recently received of a re cue r:lade in Scotti h ,,-alers. Two friends were bathing- when they noticed two lads also s\yimming some distance out in the bay, and it \vas thought by them and by onlookers that ther \\"ere just fooling-. Suddenly one boy ~yas seen to disappear, and his companion shouted he \vas dro\\'ning, and whilst treading water said he \\"as " down there." One of the t \\'0 friends dashing O\·er could see the lad throug-h the clear ,vater and made a number of surface di\·es, but found it \\·as too deep to g-et to him. By this time a boat had arriYed, and using the 12-ft. boat-hook it was realised that they could not touch the bottom. The young man \\'ho had made the pre\-iou efforts at surface di\-i ng then boarded the boat, and di\-ing from the bovY went down as far as possible, s\\-imming the re t of the ",-ay, and fortunately got hold of the lad. After 15 minute application of the Schafer method of resuscitation the lad was brought round, and subsequently recovered. It wa afterwards discovered that the depth of the \\·ater was betvveen 15 and 16 feet, and a doctor \\'ho was present during the application of resuscitation stated that another 30 seconds of immersion -u-ould ha\'e proved fatal. The ~Iayor of R eading (Councillor A. \V. Tudor) recently presented an illuminated address and a clock to Supt. J. ,,,interbourne, Reading Di\·ision, on hi completion of 3+ years' service in the ambulance ranks. The uDECORATOR5' « PAINTERS' MAGAZINE" 8d. monthly) Is THE trade paper for all InterestetJ, Pub1l3hing QffI~e: .. 6, Can op Stree.t, E.C, ...

146

FIR S T

A I D.

December, 1952.

Przory for Wales. \\T ELSH INTER-RAILWAY COMPETITIOI . Evidence of the efficiE'nc), of railway ambulance teams v;as forthcomino- at the annual V\ elsh inter-railway competition for the " Harry \, ebb" Cup, organised by the Priory for 'Wales, which took place at the Law Courts, Cardiff, on Tovember 2-+th. The followin~ appropriate team test was set by Dr. R. J. Isaac, Pontardulais, who with Dr. C. G. 1\1ackay, Blaclnvood acd Dr. S. B. Turner, Bargoed, adjudicated :"A passenger alighting from a train before it has stopped stumbles, spraining his right ankle, and falls awkwardly against a l~eavily loaded trolley . . .~t the sam~ time a heavy trunk is displaced and falls on hiS right hand. Three team elected by the Great Western Railway and a similar number from the London, Midland and Scottish Railway competed with the following results : 1 st, Newport Dock Street, G. W. R., 307. 2nd, Pontypool Road, G. W. R., 303t. 3rd, L1andudno Junction , L.M.S., 296. 4th, Brynmawr, L. 1.S., 29-+, 5th, L1anidloes Loco, G. vV. R., 272t· 6th, Knighton , L.l\1. S., 257. The Hon. John H. Bruce (Principal Secretary and Commissioner for "Yales) presided at the presentation of the trophy and prizes. He was pleased to welcome a number of officials of the R ailway Companies and particularly 1iss C. A. Ault the G.W. R. Centre Secretary; and referred to the high degree of efficiency and enth~siasm maintained by railway am:,ulance workers. The Pnory had a very strong link with the railway ambulance movement since of the 14000 awards issued annually by the Priory over 3,000 ,,,ere g;ined by railway students; and as the London inter-railway competition was held in the spring, the Welsh contest was helpful in creating interest at the opposite end of the year. There had been a possibility of Sir Henry Webb, Bart., being present to give away his cup, but an important eno-agement intervened; and he was very pleased to be able to ~ail upon :'Ilr. Hug h l\I. Ingledew, a Knight of Justice of the Order and Honorary Solicitor to the Priory, to make the presentation. 1\Ir. Ing-Iedew said it was a great pleasure to him to associate himself with the railway compptition as the donor of the cup he was privileged to present was an old friend. He congratulated the T ewport team on their success and commended all the competitors on their unselfish devotion to am bulance work. Miss Ault presented the individual prizes to the members of the first and second teams, warmly congratulating them on their achievement. An interesting item of the proceedings was the presentation of the G. W. R. twenty-five year gold medal to Mr. Barrington on behalf of Mr. H. G. Fowler, a corporal in the Cardiff Emergency Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, which was made by l\lr. C. T. Hurry Riches, the first official of the Great Western Railway to receive the Company's gold medal. Among those present were : Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O. B. E., Captain T. E. Richards, Mr. and 1\1rs. C. T. Hurry Riches, Mr. G. H. lIes, Cardiff; Mr. V. T. Jolliffe, CapLain S. T. Beard, O.B.E., L.M.S., Abergavenny ; Mr. C. H. Tait, L. M. S., Abergavenny; Mr. H. Owen, L.M.S., Swansea; Mr. J. White, L.M.S., Bangor; Mr. E. O. Williams, L.M.S., Abergavenny; Corps Sec. J. Leach, Tredegar ; Corps Officer J. Rickards, Pontypool; Lady Div. Supt. Mrs. Lucas, M.B.E. (B~rry Hill Nursing Division); Staff Officer J. 1. Pepperell (Time-

keeper) ; Sergt. O. Kingman (Chief teward); Supl. A. E. vVilliams (Mark Sheet Steward), and lr. \V. i\Iabon Abraham (Competition Secretary). PRESENTATION OF AWARDS AT nOWLAIS.

l\1r. VV. J. C"l.I1ton, President of Lhe Borough of l\l~rthyr Centre of the Priory, pre ided at the annual presenta~lOn of awards held at the Gue t Memorial Hall, Do\\'I<11s, on November 12th, and opened the procee~in~s \\ ith a \;'arl11 welcome to the Hon. J obn Bruce, ommlssloner for \\ ales, and the Hon. 1\1rs. Bruce, who as s he . tepped on to the platform was presented .vith a. bouqu~t of chrr.. anthen:~I:ls. The Cbairman referred to the IJlcreaSlllg" public appr CI<ltlon of the value of ambulance work and congratulated the Dowlais and Tafr Valley Corp on their continued success. The insignia and diploma of a er', ing Brother \,"ere presented by 1\lrs. Bruce to Corps Treasur:f T. J. HUi3'he , whose admission to the Order followed 2;) years unstlllt d seryice to ambulance work; and the oml1lissioncr for "'ale ' explained the significance of the ~ighL ,Points of l.he cro ·S. l\1r. Bruce then invested the follow1l1g \\'ILh the senlC 111 dal of the Order, representing flfl ecn years !1icicnt Brigade service :- Divisional Supt. Howell \\'i lli am, Ambulance Officer D. J. Thomas, ergeant David ;\Iorgan IIo,,:ell Thomas' and handed ervice medal bars for addItional h\'c years' efficiency to Corps Secretary E .. \ . Chance, 'er~eant Howell Thomas and second bar to Corps 1nspector of tore "V. J. Ballard, Corp Treasurer T. ]'. Hu ghes and C?rporal Thomas E\·ans. \Varrants of appollltment were gl\'cn to newly appointed officers. ~ A silver cup pre ented by ~Ir. Canton fl;r the l1:ost efficient member of the Corps "vas \\'on by ;\J r. \\ . J. Dm'les, a member of the Bedlinog Di\'i ion, who recci\ed iL at .th hands of Mrs. Francis-vViJli ams, ,,·hose huband has Just taken over the office of Corps Surgeon, formerly Il cld by the late Dr. McClelland. The Commissioner for Wales chose for the subject of his address the value of the Ambulance Movement in relation to the problem of unemployment ; an~ I:e ex,rrcs .ed t~ h~pe that the assistance the Priory wa giving In thiS directIOn would be a means of helping to eradicate tha.t h~pel~ss ness of existencE' which springs from having ~o obJ~ct 111 life, and help the younger section at least to walt 111 patience and preparedness for the job that might one day lurn up. . Mr. D. W. J ones, a liberal supporter ot the Corps, diStributed efficiency awards; and the Comn:issioner for 1erthyr, Mr. D. M. Davies, presented the pnzes to the adel League winners. The Rev. Illtyd J o~es handed lhe c~p given by Messrs. Guest, Keen & Baldw1l1s to the Dowlals Police team. Music was supplied by the Dowlais S~lver Band, and some enjoyable items were given by local artistes. Votes. of thanks to the Commissioner for Wales, speakers and artist were propClsed by Mr. Lewis Evans and seconde~ by Staff Officer Arthur Lucas; and Corps Supt. S . Jones, JI1 thanking the Chairman, referred to the President's generous attitude towards the Corps at all times.

December, 1952 .

FIRST

Prior, H. R. H. the Prince of Wale, the appointment of Lord 1\lost)'n a!> Pre ident of Flintshire, Sir Michael Duff-AshetonSmiLh, Barl., as Commissioner for aernarvonshire, Mrs. lnge as Ladv President, and lr. Charles Phibbs as Commis ioner for Merionethshire, Mr. G. T. Guest (Chief Constabl ) as ub- oml11i sioner for Denbighshire, and Dr. R. D. Thomas, of vVclshpool, as COlllmissioner for Montgomery'hire. .\nolhcr im portant maLLer under discussion was the programme for the ncxt meeting of the Chapter at which it is hoped H. R. H. the Prior may preside; and nominations for the new bxccutive Offices under the Revised Regulations of the Priory, \\ l'rc considered. In the list of new units of the St. John Ambulance Brigade submittcd for re~i strat ion, the County of Brecknock \Va a~ain prominent two new Ambulancc Divisions havingbeen formcd al Brecon and Builth vVells during the pa L 1110nth, whibt it was rcported that there was an early pro -

147

A I D.

1r. A. T. Brown presided; and among those present were Dr. D. Cianter (Divisional Surgeon), Mrs. Cianter and the Misses Melita and Kathleen Cianter, Miss F. E. Davies, Mr. Daniel Morgan, Colliery Agent, Councillors John Evans and S. Garland, and lr. F. Squire. The Divisional Secretary, Mr. J. Powell, apologised for the absence through illness of Supt. Dix, and reported on the year's working. The membership of the Division, including officers, was 32-an increase of seven, and the Cadet Unit of 18 members would shortly be aug-mented by the enrolment of twenty boys now in training. The Division has attended a large number of cases; and in com petition work the senior and Cadet teams have each won a cup. Staff OIEcer G. H. elms presented certificates and vouchers, and Councillor Garland handed labels and medallions. 1\1r. Daniel Morgan distributed the preliminary certificates to the Cadets and medals to the following team, who were in the final for the" Martin" Shield: R. Powell

n.n?

SCHEMES TO DEVELOP MOVEMENT IN NORTH WALES.

The Executive and Ambulance Committees of the Priory for Wales at the monthly meetings held in the Pr~ory Room, Law Courts Cardiff on November 28th conSidered the recommenda'tions of ~ sub-committee on the appointment of a North Wales Committee to act in a consultative and advisory capacity in the development of the work of the Order of St. J ohn in the six Counties of North Wales. lL was unanimously decided to recommend for the approval of the

Deep DufTryn Colliery Ambulance Class, Mountain r\.sh. The abO\"e group, taken at Lhe annual distribution of a'wards, includes in the centre of the front ro\,' the Hon. J ol1n H. Bruce with Irs. Bruce sitting on his right. pect of seven more Ambulance and one Nursing Division being raised; and the Commi sioner, Col. C. G . ColeHamilLon, C.1\I.G., D.S.O . , was congratulated on the extraordinary record of progre s which had followed his accession to o!l1ce. new Corps was formed on the application of Captain T. E Richards, Commissioner for the Borough of Rhondda Centre, to be known as the" Lower Rhondda Corps." ANNUAL DISTRIBUTJON AT OAKDALE.

Keen interest was evinced by a large audience at a meeting organised by the Oakdale Ambulance Division at the vVorkm n's Institute on November 10th, when the annual distribution of awards took place and an excellent. entertainment was provided.

(captain), C. Rowlands, A. Shaw, D. Evans, \V. James and G. Thomas. The attendance included P.e. Amphlett, and E. L. Hurdle, Supt. and Secretary respectively, of the Argoed Ambulance Division; and the Argoed Ambulance Concert Party delighted the audience with a miscellaneous programme of solos, recitations and an excellent sketch entitled" Defeated." On the motion of Councillor John Evans, seconded by Corps Officer \V. J. Little, a vole of thanks was accorded the concert party to which Supt. Amphlett responded . INSPECTION AT PENRHOS.

The Commissioner for Wales conducted the annual

14-8

FIRST

in pection of the Di\'isions at Abercra\'c, Penrhos and Y tradgynlais on aturday, December 3rd, at Penrh?s,. Amongst those prcsent were: Cel1tr~ CommIsSioner Col. ole-Hamilton, C. ~l. G" D.S,O, (Chief Constable of Br~ckl1ockshirc), Sub. Commissioner George Robling-s, Ald. :'11. "\"\T. :\lorgan, Cart. II. H. Morgan, Re\·. D. Lewis Wi!. Iiams, B .. \. (Reelor of Ystradg)nlai ), Re\·. D. J. l\loses, :'11..\., ?\lr. Roger E. L. Thomas, Di\isional Surgeons E. "\Yal hand J. Doyle. The HOll. John Bruce, in addressing- the parade, aid that first aid \\'ork in the Y tradgynlai District was making good progress, and rapid strides \"ere bcing made on the initiati\'e of the' Centrc Commissioner to de\'clop the ambulance moyement throughout the county. He congratulated the units 011 the sen'ices rendered during 1931, and \'isuali ed a time ",hen, with continued progrcss, the Divisions on parade \\'ould constitute one of a number of Corp!> in the Centre. Col. Cole-Hamilton referred to the lack of Nursing Di\ isions; and, while thc ofllcers had shown enterprise and enthusiasm in recruiting h\'o strong Cadet Gnits at Abercrave and Ystradgynlais, he urged the desirability of forming -ur ing Divisions.

Public Health Congress and Exhibition. TIrE abO\'e "'as staged at the Royal Agricultural HaJJ, London, during N o\'ember. To fir~t aiders the ambulances exhibited ,,-ere most i.nteresting. On the stand ot the Austin :.'Ilotor Co., Ltd. (Longbridge, Birmingham), were shown three ambulances. Two were of the 23-h. p. six-cylinder type and the other of the 16-h. p. sixcylinder type. The former were the ":'Iletropolitan" and " Standard" models, each of which had a body framed in ash and oak, "Triplex" glass being fitted throughout. The "~letropolitan" model has accommodation for two stretcher cases on pedestal stands, is fitted with interior lights, combined spot light and inspection lamp, electric bell and an illuminated ambulance sign. Four to fi\'e sitting cases can be accommodated in the "Standard" model, which also has additional ventilation by means of a tunnel from the front of the windscreen to the rear compartment. Both of these ambulances \..-ere fitted with Carter's new patent" Portland" elevating gear, which was fully described in our last issue. The 16-h. p. model has a well-designed body with accommonation for a single stretcher on the near side with provision for a second stretcher case on the offside, together with a long, well-upholstered seat ~or four to fi\'e sitting cases. Austin ambulances have recently been supplied to the Bournemouth S.J.A.A. and Swansea Borough Police, to mention only two of the many new additions. On Austin's stand was also exhibited the patent "Easilift" spring-assisted type of ambulance stretcher gear, manufactured by Southern Bros, of Bolton. By this gear it is claimed that one man can, "without unduly exerting himself, raise a patient 20 stones in weight. It is a self-contained unit and the springs are adjustable to the load. \Vhen one stretcher patient is carried the top stretcher and carrier are simply turned up to the side of the body of the ambulance. The bottom stretcher can be used for lying-down patients or for sitting patients. \Vhen it is necessary to carry a palient on the top stretcher it takes little time to put the two side levers into position, pull down the top stretcher and release the locking handle, and pull do\.vn by the auxiliary lever to the low position \vhere an automatic lock comes into operation. To

A I D.

December, 1932.

raise the top stretcher the locking handle i I:e~ea -cd and, tl:c automati - Ie \'er pushed over to the top pOSItion where It IS Hutomaticnlh' lockcd. On the' stand of Clement Talbot, Ltd. (Barlby-road, Ladbroke Grove, London, \V.10), \\'as exhibited the Talbot specialised b-cylindcr L.c. . Double.Reduction Type Ambulance. This model is constnlcted \\'lth one or two door at rear and two doors to the driver's cab. It is equipped with 2 1\1.A.B. type stretchers complete with rubber cl/uipment and necessary pedestal, attendant's bath-type scat (ilted lx'tween stretcher-, hot-\\'nter heating controlled b) \'al\'c fr0111 interior. All metal fillings an" fnished in white. The Commer Cars, Ltd. (Biscot-road, Luton), exhibited one of their C0111l11er de Luxe .\mbulances. The fram work is of ash or oak to which body steel panel' are pinned . There i a communicating panel from dri\'er'~ ~eat to rear compartment, and the interior is white enal1l~lled. The ambulance carries two strelchers, and four seat1l1g ca e - or the eating accommodation can be increased b) folding the top stretcher fixture against th~ interiorid.c of the body. There are two windows of fro ted gla!:,!> each SIde of the body and a fir t-aid cabinet fully equipped fitted to the interior. A two-stretchp,r ambulance on Bedford special 30-cwt. ambulance chassis, was exhibited on the stand of \'auxhall lotors, Ltd. (Edg\\'are-road, The Hyde, Londoll, . "\\'. 9). The body features of this car are exterior panelled with metal faced non-drul11mable Plymax panels, two wide doors at rear, filled with "Purda" gla !> lights. The sid~ panels are fitted with two Becla\\'at typhoon half drop \\,1I1dow ". There is accommodation for h\'o stretcher and four silting cases. The equipment consists of lockers, corner lamp~, splint box, first-aid box, water bottle and illuminated ambulance sign. Carter's patent" PorLiand " elevating g' ar \nl also exhibited on this ambulance.

December, 1932.

FIRST

The meeting of thl: Hospitallers' Cluh held at .thl: Bannington Hetel, on Friday, December 91 h. The CInematograph film of the" Order of Sl. Jol~I1" \\'a ShO\\,I1. Mr. W. H. Fincham, F .. \.S., ga\'e a running COI1lIl1 ntar), as the fascinatin c" story was unfolded. The Inspections of the BirIninghan~ Corps and the ~o. 1 District were also shown. The evening proved to be most interesting. Any of our readers who are i.n po session of copie of early textbooks in First Aid or Home ~ ursing, published by the St. John Ambulance Association, are invited to communicate with the Chief Secretary of the Association at St. ] ohn's Gate whether they are willing to part with their:copies or not. The Association is anxious to ascertain ,""hether the copies filed at the Gate represent a complete cries; but, owinO' to the method of describing on the title page the book~ published before 1901, namely, "1878, 18th Thousand," "1886, 101st Thousand," and so on, there is no means of knowing whether any editions are missing. The Chief Secretary will therefore be grateful if anyone who is in possession of copies of the First Aid Textbook, written either by ~1ajor Peter Shepherd (1878-1884) or by Dr. Bruce (1885-1901), or of the 1st and 3rd Editions of Cantlie's l\Ianual, will communicate with him. He will also be glad to hear from anyone who is in possession of copies of the 110me Nursing- Textbook published before 1912. "THE PLUMBER &. JOURNAL OF HEATING," I s. monthly) is TH E paper for all progressive trades men - Publishing Office: .46, Cannon Street E.C ....

149

Ratlway Ambulance News. Inter-Railway Final Competition. "'yV e understand that arrangements have bcen made for the Final of the; Inter-railway competition to take placc on W cdncsday, May 24th; at the Wharncliffe Rooms, Great Ccntral Hotcl) London; when two representative tcams frum each uf the four Group railways will meet together with a team , selccted at a previous competition of the ungrouped railways (which will be decided at St. John's Gate on March 31st) to contest possession of thc Railway Challengl: hidd of the St. John Ambulancc Association. It is pleasing to record that at long last the principle of the indepcndcnt patient has bcen approved in connection with this competition. Our readers will be awarc that the changc is one which has been advocated in the columns of this journal for many YLars, and an editorial on the subject appears in this issue.

Great Western. The Blackpool S.]. ,\. B. ha\'e benefited by £10 as a donation from efforts of the Blackpool "\mateur peratic Society.

AID.

ORDER OF ST, J OU, .-\Ve are happy to be able to record that two veteran workers in the ambulance movement of the Great vVcstern Railway have recently receivcd 110tC\\ orthy and wcll-merited recognition by thc Order of t. John. Mr. W. ]. Waite, who has becn a Divisional ecrctary for the \Vorcester ( o. 11) Division since the inauguration of the divisional organisation in 1913, and 11r. C II. Overbury; Divisional Secretary of the Birmingham (No. 12) Division, have both been promoted in the Order from the grade of Scrving brother to that of Officer on the recommendations made by the G.W.R. Central Ambulance Committee. Both the recipients of this signal distinction are well known throughout their respective territories as ardent workers in the first aid cause, and have done yeoman service to the movement extending over a long period of years, with most gratifying results. Besides their G.W.R. activities; both are interested in other phases of the movement, Mr. Waite being also the Secretary of the Worcester Centre of the St. ] ohn Ambulance Association; whilst Mr. Overbury has a long and distinguished career with the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and has recently been promoted to Corps Superintendent for Birmingham. BRISTOL.-At the annual supper and smoking concert of the Bristol class which was held at the Cadena Cafe on the evening of November 17th) a large company of first aid workers and their wives forgathered under the presidency of Mr. R. H. Nicholls) CB.E., Supt. of the Line. Among those supporting the chair were Mr. R. G. Pole (Div. Supt.), Mr. F. W. Tyler (District Goods Manager), Mr. W. N. Pellow (loco. Supt.)) and Mesdames Pole, Tyler, and Pellow) whilst a particularly weleome visitor was Mr. R. H. Griffiths) the late Divisional Super-

intendent, Bristol; who had presided at this popular function on so many previous occasions. Mr. Nicholls congratulated the class on the high perccntage of successful examinees and on the number of efficicncy awards hcld by its members) and encouraged them to maintain their enthusiasm for the movement. In the unavoidable absence of Mrs. Nicholls} who was to haye presented gold efficiency awards for 15, 20, 25 and 30 years' ambulance service) these were distributed by Mrs. Pole, in addition to which a large number of certificates, medallions and other examination awards were prcsented. The Class Secretary, in the course of a gratifying report on the work of the past session} stated that of 220 members who enrolled, 204 had presented themselves for examination. The proceedings were interspersed with songs and other musical items, which were much appreciated. DOLGELLEY.-Awards gained by members of the Dolgelley ambulance class were distributed at a smoking concert held at the Beechwood Hotel; on ovembe r 17th, when miscellaneous items of entertainment were provided by the staff. Mr. R. Vaughan, J.P.) presided over the gathering, and Dr. Hugh Jones gave an interesting address on first aid work. An encouraging report on the progress of the movement was given by Mr. Idris Jones; station master. Mrs. R. Vaughan distributed examination awards to the candidates) and congratulated them on their success.

LISKEARD.-Mr. A. E. Murphy, Assistant Div. Supt.) presented examination awards to members of the Liskeard class on November 15th, and observed that the Liskeard ambulance team's high position was largely due to the efficient instruction of their lecturer, Dr. ]. G. Morgan. In reviewing the position of the movement in the Plymouth (No.6) Division, Mr. R. G. N odder, Div. Amb. Secretary, said that no fewer than 404 members had satisfied the examiners during the past twelve months.

Great V\T estern Railway teams were successful in obtaining first and second places in the Welsh Interrailway competition which took place at the Law Courts Buildings, Cardiff on the afternoon of November 24th, the winners of the trophy being the Newport, Dock Street, team, holders of the G.W.R. Directors' Challenge Shield, whilst Pontypool Road A team were runners-up. The trophy was presented by Mr. Hugh Ingledew of the Priory for Wales, and the G.W.R. team members were proud to receive their prizes at the hands of their Centre Secretary, Miss C A. Ault.

London and North Eastern. NORTH-EASTERN AREA.

On November 12th the Hull District ran a competition for the." Officers Distri.ct Cup" recently given by the Officers l11 Hull for helpl11g the furtherance of First Aid vVork Six teams entered, the judges Dr. J. M. Hermon

F I RST

150

and Dr. D. R. Moir, Hessle, gave good tests which resulted in the Hull Police taking first place with 226; Hull tation -0. 1 223; Hull East 200; Dock Engineers 196; Hull Station 10 . 3 180; tation No.4 170: Mr. J. Harper (Di t. upt.), presented the Cup and Medal. He hoped that the incentive given would be the means of getting even better work done in the future, and that they might eventually get the other shields, etc., given by the Company. Mr. Geo. Jackson, General Secretary, preented gold medals for 15 years' to Messrs. Farrow and Coulson, 25 years' bars to Me srs. Borrill and \Vilson and 30 years' bars to les rs. Alvin and vVhitehead. He also thanked the Officers of the Company for the handsome trophy given to the district. Amongst others present were Messrs. \V. T. Athey, J. Athey, E. V. Taylor, H. Hudson, O. Lindberg, J. Ritchie, \\T. Milsom, Drs. Dean and Flower, Inspr. Simpson, 1\1r. G. H. Oakes and .1\1r. F. R. Charlton thanked the President, Mr. Harper for his attendance and making the presentation and took that opportunity of thanking the Officers for their generosity, and hoped that the Cup might be the means of furthering the work in their district. The Individual competition for the" Lumsden" trophy was held in the Railway Institute, Gateshead, on November 26th, when 16 competitors were judged by Dr. K. M. lIlacDonald of Consett. After a severe test the result was as follows: 1) Mr. J. M. Stathers) Tyne Dock, 124 (possible 150); 2, Mr. E. H. Whipp, Heaton) 119; 3, Mr. J. Tiplady, Monlnvearmouth, and 1\1r. G. Keys, Newcastle (equal), 114. Mr. G. Murray presided and the judge gave some very pertinent advice to the competitors in reviewing the work done. Supt. J. Rodgers presented the trophy to ::'1:r. Stathers. 1\1r. Geo. Jackson, General Secretary, thanked the Doctor for his judging and good advice given. Mr. T. Lumsden (son of the donor of the trophy) thanked Supt. Rodgers for making the presentation and for his kind remarks respecting his late father, and hoped that the trophy might long be the means of creating an interest in ambulance work, in which his father was always so deeply interested. Mr. A. E. Armstrong) Dist. Secretary, along with his colleagues) Messrs. Roberts and Dodds carried out the staging, to the entire satisfaction of competitors and the large audience. On November 28th death removed from the Centre 1\1r. T. Storey, Dist. Supt., Leeds) who obtained his certificate many years ago when at York. Ever since, he, in all possible ways, endeavoured to help the work) and since his removal to Leeds) either he) his late wife or Miss Storey have invariably attended the District Competition and presented the shield to the winning team. His genial presence will be greatly missed at the various functions. At the funeral at Harrogate every branch of the railway service was represented, Messrs. Geo. Jackson, General Secretary, J\l1r. J. G. Hansell, Dist. Secretary, and Mr. J. W. Angood, Dist. Chairman) represented the Ambulance Centre. SOUTHERN AREA.

G. C. SECTION. The final competition for the Shield and Individual prizes was held at Marylebone on Thursday, December 8th, when five teams, winners of the preliminary rounds, competed for the honour of representing the Centre in the Group Finals to be held next year. Dr. A. C. White Knox, M.C., set and judged the tests, which were of an interesting nature. Mr. Barrington Ward, Supt. Western Section, presided at the subsequent presentation meeting and among

A 1D.

December, 1952.

those present were Mr. William Whitelaw (Chairman, L. I.E.R.), Lord Faringdon (Deputy Chairman), Dr. McBride (Medical Officer and Chairman Special Ambulance Committee), Messrs. W. Goodley, Geo. Jackson and T. mith (Secretarie of the G.c., .E. and G. . Centres respectively), 1\1r. Rafton (Secretary Special Ambulance Committee), Mr. Clowe, and other officers of the Company. The Chairman made reference to the loss sustained since the last final by the sudden death of the late Centre Secretary, 11r. Higson, who e efrorts in the ambulance world, would long be remembered. 1\1r. Darrington \Vard welcomed 1\1r. Goodley as the successor to 1\1r. Higson. ::\1r. Goodley then announced the results as follow : 1, Dukinfield \Vorks) 262; 2, Gorton vVorks, 254; Mexboro' Loco., 211; 4, New Holland Store, 202; 5, Gortoll Loco., 201. Special Individual prize: B. V/ard, of Dukinfield. Lord Faring-don presented the hield and prizes and congratulated the Dukinfield team on winning the Shield for the third time in Sllcces ion. Hi Lordship, in a short speech, said how pleased he was to Jearn that the Centre was increasing in strength and that the number of teams entering the eliminating round had al a increased. He wished Dukinfield every success in the Group Final and hoped they would do their best to win the Inter-Railway Shield. Dr. White Knox, in respon e to a \'ote of thanks, proposed by Dr. lI1cBride, pointed out mitake the competitors had made. He al a congratulated them OIl the high standard of their work. ~ Vote of thanks to Lord Faringdoll for pres nting the awards, to ::'1r. Barrington \Vard for presiding: and to :\1r. Goodley for his work for the Centre, brought the proceed111g to a do e.

G.E.

December, 1952.

FIR S T

el1 rolled during the year ending June 30th, 1932. Decrease in staff and lack of new entrants to the service also add their quota to the decrease. There is, however, still reason to be proud of the figures as they show an increase 2,646 over those of 1925. The entries in the competitions decreased by six to 469. As usual a large number of members rendered meritorious first aid and during the year fourteen certificates of merit were awarded. ince the formation of the centre in 1925, 2,671 long stTvice medals have been awarded, 1,382 bars for 20 annual examinations, 553 for 25 years, 157 for 30 years, -+6 for 35 year and '-I- for 40 years. This is surely something to be proud of. ),Ial1Y of the taff and members of the medical profession \\ ho a it the centre have received recognition of their "ork by the Order of St. John. The report closes with thanks to the medical profession, District ~ ecr taries and members, Class Secretaries, Instructor. for their valuable voluntary service. The 'entrc also thank the Company for the competition prizes, and other uch encouraO'(;lllcnt which is greatly appreciatecl.

LO:'\l>ox.-.. \n 1Iltere ting afternoon" ambulance work

A 10.

151

own association with the Ambulance Centre in the days of the formation of the L. & .W. Centre. Mr. G. S. Hill spoke of the work of the Ambulance section and hoped that the members would still continue their good work and persuade new members to come along to take the places of those who had left the Company's service. The first annual dinner of the Bletchley class was held recently. Mr. G. H. Nelson presided and amongst others present were Mr. and Mrs. G. S. Hill, l\Ir. S. J. Whitehead, Mr. W. J. Brown, Mr. F. J. Barden (Secretary), Dr. and Mrs. Morphy, and Supt. and Mrs. E. Callaway. Mr. Nelson outlined the progress made at Bletchley during the past two years; the class having risen from 16 in number to SO. 1\lrs. Hill presented the awards to the successful class candidates and in commenting on the progress attained, i'.1r. Hill paid tribute to the Chairman, Dr. )'Iorphy and Mr. Brown. Dr. 1\lorphy and )'1r. Brown suitably replied. A short concert was held and the evening was brought to a close with dancing.

ECTION.

Sympathy will be felt for the lIon. SecretarY of thl Section, 1\1r. T. O. )'Ieil1, who e \\ ife passed away on December 6th, after several week' illness. 1\lrs. Meill was well known to those who attcnded th Final Ambulance Competitions at Stratford, where she usually artistically arranged the prizes and decoration 011 the platform. After the distribution of prizes by Mr. \Villiam Whitelaw, Chairman of the Company, to the succe sful students of the G.E. Mechanics' Institute at the Stratford To~n .Hall) o~ December 7th, this gentleman again showed h1s 111terest 111 the ambulance movement by publicly presenting the Company's Long Service Gold Medals and Bars to the following men employed at Stratford: Mr. Henry Bate, Gold Bar for 30 years'; Messrs. G. W. Htwhes and William Davey, Gold Bar for 20 years'; Messrs. G. E. Bolton, J. S. Matthews and Charles Harris, Gold Medals for 15 years' service. Mr. Whitel~w afterwards took occasion to point out to the large aud1ence present, the desirability of following the example of the recipients by taking up the study of first aid.

- - - - ._ , - - - -

London, Midland and Scottish. The seventh annual report of the ambulance moveThe ment on the L.M. & S.R. has just been issued. figures, unfortunately, show a decrease in strength this being due mainly to the fact that fewer new students' were

Millhou es, Sheffield, L. 1\1. & S. Railway Loco. Division. was witnessed on November 26th, when teams from the second Division of the London District competed for the London District Trophy and "Woodgate" Individual Cup. The competing teams were from Broad Street; Carlow Street; Cricklewood; Euston (Clerks) and Watford. The judging of the Stretcher Test ~a~ ably carried out by Lieut.-Col. Archibald and the Indlv1dual tests by Drs. T. D. Renwick and A. Gordon Smith. The District Trophy was won by Watford, who secured 253 points out of 325; Cricklewood 217!; Euston 204; Carlow Street 177; Broad Street 160i. The Woodgate Cup for the best Individual work was won by Mr. Nicholson (No.2 of the Carlow Street team). The awards were presented to the winners by Mr. G. R. Smith, Assistant Secretary of the Company, who in congratulating the winners related reminiscences of his

\ VORD

lAKING COi\IPETITION

THE

DARK."- The

School for the Blind at Swiss Cottage, r . VV. 3, has announced the result of the word-making competition promoted in aid of the school funds. The winning list consisted of fortyeight words, i.e., anther, ardent, arkite; danker, darken, dearth, detain, detrain, dinter, dither; haired, hander, handier, hanked, hanker, harden, harked, harken, hartin, hatred, hernia, hiated, hinder, hinted, hinter; intake; keratin, kinder, kreatin; nitred; rained, ranked, ranted reknit, retain, retina, rinked; tanked, tanker, thanked, thanker, thenar, thinker, thread, tinder, tinker, tirade, trained. Five competitors sent in lists containing the winning words and share the £100 offered in prizes.

-----

Does your colleague read PIRS r AID , if not, send us his address and we will post him a copy.

F 1R S T

15~

Slolice J\mbutance }lews. l\lETROPOLIT..-\~

POLICE.

The annual competitions for the" Parson "Shield and Plaque for teams of the lctropolitan Forces, wer held on Friday, :-.rO\·ember 18th, 1932, at Peel Hou e. Sixteen team competcd and it was pleasing to note fresh faces among the competitors. The adjudication was in the capable hand of Dr. R. B. Duncan (team) and Dr. A. C. 'Vhite Knox, both of Wh0111 et the competitors te t which may be met by them in the execution of their duties. S D. Inspector \Varren (" K ") acted as secretary and made the arrangements with the assistance of Sergt. Holbrow. The stewards included Inspectors James and Burnham, Sergt. Green (i\let.) and Sergts. Ros ~ and ~lumford (City). .-\.t the conclusion of the test Major Tomlin announced the re ults as follows : 1, "Y" Division, 237t 2, "X" 198t J, "S" 195t 172 +. "F" 158 5, "R" 158 6, "J" 157 7, "N" 155 8, ' '::\1"

9, ('H" Di\'ision, 10, "IZ" ii, cCG" 12, "D" 13, Thames 14, "B" is, "\\'" 16, "T"

155 H9t 143 142 135 127t 118 110t

"Y" Division were therefore the winner of the Shield and also the Plaque which is given for individual competition. This " 'as the first occasion on which one team had been successful in securing both the awards Dr. Duncan addressed the competitors gi\'ing details of errors and also words of advice for future occasions. Supt. 1\1orton, "Y" Division, proposed a vote of thanks to the doctors, :\lajor Tomlin and all helpers. The test and markings for the team competition were as follows ; CARD.-On a pitch dark winter's night you two (Nos. 1 anJ 2) are walking briskly across an open common ,,,hen you hear moans coming from a person lying on the grass. You know your station is about 200 yards off where there are first aid appliances alld where the other t\,\'o members of your team will be waiting to go on duty. It is freezing hard. No one else is in sight. Act. The judge ,,-ill only give you such information as your examina~ion entitles you to. Timelimit 20 minutes. (Note for judge.-Patient to be lying on his back, overcoat, coat and waistcoat undone, hat and stick on ground, face pale, red streak from left corner of mou~b, dark bruise over right lower jaw, breath alcoholic, simple fracture of left leg.) Each bearer inrnediately turns on his lamp 2 Hastens to patient 2 Inquire "\Vhat has happened? " (attacked and robbed) 2 2 if in pain (head) " " " anywhere else (no) 3 Quickly button patient's overcoat to keep him warm... 3 Quick Preliminary Examination. Colour of face (pale) 2 Condition of pulse (quick and weak) 2 breathing (shallow) 2 skin (very cold) ... 2 " hands (blue and cold) 2 Upper limbs (nil) ... 4 Lower " (fracture left leg) . .. 4 One bearer to hasten carefully to station (out3 minutes) 3

A t D.

D ecem ber , 1932.

December, i9S 2.

Report to officer on duty Request the help of Nos. 3 and 4 with first aid appliances Rcquest that a doctor be 'phoned for to come to the station (arri\'es in 12 minutes) Request that an ambulance be 'phoned for to come to the tation Inform 1 o. 4 what has occurred and nature of inj uries Other bearer to warn patient to lie still \Varn patient not to try to talk Temporarily tie both ankles, knee~ and thighs together Using '\'a lking-slick a improvised splint L)r left leg... On arrival of other bearers. Reali e urgency of getting patient to shelter Immediately prepare stretcher with rug on it Loading stretcher EITecti"e use of lamps larching to station (last 100 yards down hill, head fi~~

J J -' J 2 3 3 3 5 J 10

\tVith due caution of frozen roads On arrival in station. Place stretcher away from fire Owing to patient' expo ure to severe cold .-\Iso because he did not complain of pain in left leg... Undo any tight clothing about neck and chest Detailed examination. Hcad and face (fracture right lower jaw) ... Clayicles and scapulre (nil) Sternum and ribs .-\bdomen and peh"i Colour of face (pale) Condition of pulse (weak) breathinv (shallow) " skin (cold) Odour of breath (alcoholic) Treatment. Keep head low and on left side Cautiously give patient teaspoonfuls of sal volalile and water One teaspoonful in half a tumbler of watcr Supporting lower jaw with one hand Keep body warm ... N ow apply bandages for fractured jaw Remm'e temporary bandages round lower limbs One bearer continuously steadies left fOOL \\ ell-padded splints (t\\'o if available) Five bandages in correct order Careful watch over patient Endeavour to get him to write his name and address Nature of report to doctor (fractured jaw and leg, exposure to severe cold) Loading into ambulance T",,,'o bearers to accompany patient to hospital General prom ptness and eOkiency

3 3 J 3 2 -+

J 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3

3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3

5 3 3 5 5 3 7

180

CITY

LONDON.

For the first time since the institution of the competition the Lord Mayor "vas presenL ac the annual competition of the "Aldermen's" Cup, which was presented by the Court of Aldermen of the City of London for competition among the four Divisions of the City Police. This year's event was held at Snow Hill Police Station on November 30th. As in the past the adjudication was in the hands of Dr. R. B. Duncan.

FIRST

Among those who witnessed the tests were SherilT Threlford, "ho accompanied the Lord l\1ayor, Sir Hugh Turnbull (Commissioner), 1r. John Stark (As 'islant Commissioner), Dr. Gibbons (Surgeon), Supl. Booth, :\1ajor Tomlin ('.! etropolitan), Commandant 'vV. G. Lovell, Dr. .\. C. \ Vhile Knox ( 1edical Officer), Assistant Group Commander F. H. Sulleyand Sub-Commander C. G. Emery, all of the Cily of London Rescrve. ergl. T. Rose was thc the competitIon secretary, and Corps upl. A. J. Green (S.J .. \. B.), lim -keeper. I\fler a vcry inten:sling competition, Supl. Booth aIlnounced the re ult, which were 1, « B" Division; 2, ".\" Di,ision ; 3, « D" Di\ision; 4, « C" DivisiLlll. Incli\'idual winner, ergt. Jumford, « B" Division, 26 mark out of 30. ir IIugh Turnbull asked the Lord ;\l ayor to present thl! cup, and at the same time express thc gratification of himself anl.! hi oOicers and men al his Lord hip's presence The Lord :'.1 a) or, in making the presentation expre sed hi plea un.' at all he had s~en. Although this was the firsl occasiJn a Lord I\layor had becn prescnt at the function he would certainly urge his successors to alll:nd on future occa~ions .

ClTY OF LO:\ D01\ P LICE RE ERVE. This being- the last i sue of FIRS'! .\11) for 1932, and as its dale of distribution i::, so Ilcar :Xma~, I feel I cannot let the opportunity pass without com'eying through the..,e cl)lumns my lH.:artiest gn:ding fllr Xmas and the ~ew Year, to all 111) friends of thc "Iirst aid and ambulance world." To tho . splendid fcllo\\' our doctors , who as lecturer and as c:\.amincrs hel\e broLlg-ht lir ·t aid to such an amazing state of pcrkction ,b it is to-ua\'. To all the oOiccrs and men of the Reg-uhr and 'peci.t! Can tabulary "hol11 I have been pri\ilc~ed to med during- thi ' }Car, and lasLirto our l\1.0.'~ and the olTiccrs <lnd men of the City Police Rcscn'e \\'ho han! so lo:,tlly worked wilh me and- ha\'e helped to bring our continuation clas cs and their resulls to such a fine stand,trd of perfection. The increased number of sue c sful candidates at the annual e:\.amination i in it elf a sufficient and satisfactor~ proof of my statements. ' ince Illy la 't report wc hayc had our OJTicer ' .\nnual Dinner which wa held at the \\'aldorf IIotel on November 1+l11. During his speech on the \\'ork of the Resen'e, Commandant W. G. Lovell, C.13. E ., paid a warm tribute to the \\"ork and sen ices of the hid ~l.O., aptain A. C. "'hite Knox, :\1. c., ~1. B., in first aid work, coupling with it the name of the lIon. 'cc. I wa onc of the many inlere led spectators at the competition at Peel IIou e for the « Parsons" hielcl, and later, on To\'ember 30th at the Snow lIill Police Station to ",itn s the inter-divi ional fir t aid competition of the Cily of London lolice for the « Aldermen's" Cup. On this occa ion B Di\'iion were the winners. ergt. l\lumford, the Capt<lin of the team, may justly b proud of his latest achicvemenL for, besides captaining his team, he him elf gained the highest individual marks in the competition. The Chief Commissioner, Sir Hugh Turnbull, K. B. E., eongratulated Ser<Tl. l'Ilumford and his splendid team. In presenting the Cup to the Sergeant, the Lord layor mcntioned how pleased he .vas to hand it to him, more especially as it was the first occasion in which a Lord l\!ayor had done so. I was, myself, al 0 priviledged to congratulate Sergl. Mumford, who111 I haye known for many years as an experL in first aid and ambulance work. As might be anticipated, the lecture on November 16th, by our Asst. 1\1 .0., CapL F. E. Bendix, on " Diseases and their Prevention," was as intere ting as it wa humourous. We a ll thoro u g hl y enjoyed it and, as it happened to be an

A I D.

153

open lecture, we had many non fir:.t aid(;!r~ who, I am certain, will eventually be roped Jl1to our first aid classes. They have been forced to admit, after attendinf5 Dr. Bendix's lecture, that first aid is not half as dry and uninteresting as the" little black book" appears to make it. CECIL G. EMERY, Han. Sec. & Sub-Comdr.

The Treatment of Burns in Out- Patients with Reinforced Tannic Acid Dressings.* By J. H . HUNT, B.M.OxF. , and P. G. SCOTT, B.CHIR.CA:\IB. , Floure Surgeons, St. Bartholomew's Hospital.

IN the out-patient department of a hospital, and also in general practice, burns and scalds frequently prove difficult and disappointing to treat. Regarded at first so often as comparatively trivial injuries, they are found to require painful daily dressings, which cause considerable distress and anxiety to the patient. This paz"n and the almost inevitable sepsz"s-with extra damage to tissues, delayed healing, and ugly scarring-are the factors which make small burns so formidable, especially in young children; much relief should be felt by patients, doctors and nurses alike if a method of treatment could be found in which these two factors are reduced to a minimum. The excellent articles of E. C. Davidson, \ V. C. Wilson, and others, clearly set forth the principles involved and the methods employed in the tan n ic acid treatment of burns which are serious enough for the patient to be admitted into hospital. Little, however, has been written on the application of this method to the treatment of out-patients ~nd the results recorded are not always encouragmg. For the treatment of burns in general, tannic acid possesses several outstanding advantages over other substances . As a powder it is easily stored or carried about. It dissolves readily in water. It is excellent as a first-aid dressing, since it diminishes pain and is antiseptic . \ Vhen the patient can be confined to bed, Davidson's treatment consists in thorough cleansing of the burned area; cutting away all the blistered skin; the application of gauze dressings soaked in a solution of tannic acid in water; the removal of these dressings after 24 hours and exposure of the tanned surface to air and radiant heat. A modification of Davidson's

* Reprinted, by kind permission, from TI,e Lancet. A full report and summary of the treatment bein o ' published in the issue dated October 8th, 1932. ~

FIRST

154

method was introduced by Beck and Powers, who used a spray for applying the solution, the spraying bein o· repeated at intervals during the first 24 hours. The crust forms a protective covering for the burned area, and in it are fixed those products of tissue-breakdown to the absorption of which the toxCEmia following burns is due. Pain is relieved, sepsis eliminated, and healing takes place quickly; in ten days to a fortnight the crust peels off, exposing new skin beneath. It has been found that if the crust is covered with a bandage and not exposed to the air it soon becomes moist and soft, the toxins are dissolved out of its deep surface and absorbed, and sepsis uS·JaIl y foIlmvs. \Vith a small burn a single preliminary dressing is needed and the patient has to be sent horne. Here lies the difficulty; to form a thick crust at a single dressing and to prevent this crust becoming soft under a bandage. Reinforcement of the crust suggested itself as a possible way out of the difficulty. METHODS TRIED.

Over a period of six months in the out-patient depaitment of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 63 cases of minor burns have been treated with reinforced tannic acid dressings, the progress of each case being closely followed. Three modifications of the method have been tried, as it was hard to foretell the treatment most suitable for different types of patients, of different ages and occupations, with burns and scalds produced in different ways, of different degrees of severity and extent, in different parts of the body, and seen at different periods after the accident. The oldest patient in our series was a woman of 73, and the youngest a child of 18 months; the burns have been situated on the face, shoulders, chest, back, arms, legs, hands and feet, and have varied in size from 2 xi! in. to 12 x 6 in. The majority have been scalds from boiling water, milk or tea; but high-voltage electric current, molten wax, hydrofluoric acid, salad dressing, and boiling beer have entered the list. The interval between the time of the accident and the commencement of treatment varied from halt an hour to ten days. The three methods we tried were : (a) Tannic acid in ether reinforced with gauze. (b) Tannic acid in ether reinforced with gauze and collodion. (c) Tannic acid in water 'r einforced (on the third day) with collodion. ( a) Tann-ic acz'd -in ether re£nj01 ced wz'tlz gauze.-U nder general or local ancesthesia, the area around the burn and the burned surface itself were cleaned with spirit, blistered skin cut away, and a saturated solution of tannic acid in ether (2l per cent.) painted on with a soft camel-hai r brush until a white coagulum formed. A thin layer of gauze was then laid over this so as to overlap its

A 10.

December, 1952.

edges, covered over with more gauze soaked in the tannic acid solution, and a bandage applied. Two days later the gauze was lifted off, leaving one layer still in contact with the raw area; the edge of this lowest layer was usually black and hard, its centre still yellow and moist. trips of gauze, soaked in the same solution, were again laid on, the patient being warned that this would be painful for a moment or two. On the fourth and fifth days, if the centre of the aauze was still moist, more of the solution was again used; if dry, only a spirit dressing was needed, and the patient did not attend for a week. On the 12th to the 16th day the layer of aauze peeled off without pain, exposing new pink skin underneath. This was hardened with spirit for two days before all dressings were discarded, We find this method excellent when the burn s are extensive and dirty, wizen ozl or grease has been used as a first-aid dressing, or when there has been a delay of more than ~+ hour aft r the accident, for these conditions nece sitate thorough cleansing with ether and ether soap, which must be done under an ancesthetic. (b) Tannic Add ill etlzer, reillforced 7Uit/Z gauze and collodion .-U nder local r general ancesthesia the burned area and its surroundings were cleaned as before, and I ainted with tannic acid in ether until a coagulum began to form, To the tannic acid in ether an epual quantity of 0110dion was then added and the painting continued. Over the coagulum a thin layer of gauze was laid, fixed in position with more of the solution, and, when this was dry, covered with a dr sing. Next day all dressings were removed except the lo,,·es t layer of gauze, which was now ad heren t; and more of the mixture painted on - painful [or a moment. On the third day this was repeated, usually without pain. After about 14 days the reinforced crust peeled off, leaving a dry, healed surface. This second method is satisfactory in clean cases where other circumstances call for an ancesthetic- e.g., in nervous patients and young children. The extra strong crust resulting from the combined effect of gause and collodion is especially suitable in children, and are always restand in whom adequate splintage is difficult. (To be continued.)

--_. _ ._-A course of Home Nursing lectures for men will be he held at Toynbee H all, Commercial-road, E.1, commencing J anuary 11 th at 8 p. m. Fee 3/6,

The Wig-an Division (S.]. A. B.) held a dance at the Ambulance Hall, Chorley, the proceeds of which were devoted to the Edge Green Colliery Disaster Fund.

December, 1932.

FIRST

Colliery News. l\IE SR . POPE C' PEARSON'S WEST RIDING AND SILKSTONE COLLERIES. One first aid man in every 12 employees is the proud di ·tinction which helongs to the above. This fact was revealed at the collieries Ambulance Corps annual dinner at the Cafe Royal, ormanton. Reference was made to the ucce s of the ambulance team. Dr. Scholefield was the guest of the e\'ening, and was heartily welcomed by a happy gathering of about 70 members and officials. 1r. \\T. H. Galletl} (agent) presided. The ecretary of the class (Mr. Jackson) gave his report, and described the year as one of good work, progress and achie\·ement. The cia commenced on To\'er-:ber 8th, 1931, and during the 5es ion 4-3 /lr t year tudents were enrolled, Lo~cth r with U$ for second year, two only for third year, and 11 for labels, making a total of 74-. 1r. Firth,

AID

155

A. Long (capL), A. CockiIl, R. Beecher and J. Potts. The junior team, which passed all members with only first year's certificates, were in four competitions during the year wd came through very creditably. For the Rose Bowl at Normanton they were beaten by only three points. Mr. Gallatly welcomed Dr. Scholefield, and also traced the growth and progress of first aid work. Dr. Scholefield, who is lecturer to the Corps, presented the awards.

LITTLETON COLLIERY FIRST AID SOCIETY. The annual dinner and presentations were held at the Central Hotel, Blackfords, where about 130 members and friends \-vere present. :\1r. A. 1. James (president) presided, and in the course of his speech said chat both he and the Company appreciated the self-sacrifice made by the members. Thanks were due to the officers of the Society, and particularly the instructor of the class, Mr. R. Walmsley. Although their teams had not

l\les rs. Pope and Pearson" Ambulance Team-vVinners of 1 ormanton and District Challenge Cup an~ other awards. Left to righL: Mr. J. A. Jackson (Assistant Manager), J. Potts, R. Beecher, Mr. R. B. P ope (DIrector), A. Long (captain), T. A, Cockell, Mr. W. H. Galletly (Agent). the veteran, had 30 labels, and this along with his medallion means he had 37 year of ambulance service. The achievements of the ambulance team during the past year were worthy of mention. Two teams competed in the Wood Shield, and the senior team reached the semi-fin al, being beaten by a small margin of only seven points. They competed in 13 open com(Jetitions, in six of which they secured a place in the first three. In June they won the 2nd prize, out of 17 teams, at Thorpe Hesley, and secured 3rd place at Castleford, out of 38 teams. In July they won their section at EIland, and obtained second place in the final, out of 2S teams, and a lso the third individual prize at \Vorsboro' Dale. At Normanton they won the Normanton and District Challenge Cup, and in September, at Wakefield, they won the third prize in the Melton Cup Shield out of 24 teams, while in the same event they won 1st & 2nd individual prizes, The same men competed in this team the whole year, viz.,

been so succes ful this year in the Cannocl~ Chase competition, 1\1r. James contended that the set back ""ould be to their good. The speaker was gratified to notice the young people who were filling the gaps in the ranks when others dropped out. The Society has a membership of two hundred, and is one of the best managed and equipped in Cannocl, Chase. Mr. James presented numerous awards, including sih'er medals to the "C" team, winners of the Silver Challenge Cup offered by the Directors to the Littleton team doing best in the Cannod<: Chase competition, and bronze medals to the " A" team, the runners-up. Mr, R. Walmsley moved a vote of thanks to 1\1r. James for the interest taken, and also thanked all those who had assisted them. The Society greatly appreciated the assistance rendered by the management of the coliieries. Mr. H. Astley seconded the propo ition, and the rest of the evening was devoted to a first class entertainment.

FIR S T

156

Curative Couplets. To help a poisoned patient live, Be prompt, and an emetic give. Excepting should the poison stain, \Vhen from emetics please refrain. Then, afterwards, a quantity Of water, milk, raw eggs or tea. For insect bite or cold or cough, No one at camphorated oil should scoff. \Vhen 'tis a cut from knife-edge keen, ,V ash it and paint with iodine. And should it still persist to bleed, A little alum is your need. For vomiting, here is a rule: Make arrowroot into a gruel. When hands are rough and chaps are seen, The remedy is glycerine. For scalds from water on the boil, Picric acid, or carron oil. And lastly, try this homely ruse, Use arn ica for sprain or bruise. CYRIL E. ENDACOTT ..

A I D.

Dece mbe r, 1932.

you to have your teeth examined every six months by a dental surgeon. You should brush your teeth night and morning. Brush them upwards and downwards chiefly, and only lightly, if at all, across. You can obtain a good toothbrush from the Company at cost price, and tooth powder which is, in the writer's opinion, far better and cheaper than various pastes for cleaning the teeth. In addition, a piece of dental thread should be used daily, passing it between each tooth, as food lodges between the teeth, and brushing alone is not really sufficient. A great deal of importance is attached to diet at the present time, and rightly so. It is, however, not always easy for all of us to choose or even have the food that may be most suitable for us ; but whether the food is suitable or unsuitable, it is of paramount importance that it should not be retained too long. Evacuations of the bowels daily are essential to good health.-Co.partnenll1p Journal.

J\mbulance J'lews euttings from the ~ess. The Editor invites Readers to send newspaper cuttings on matter of general interest for inclusion in this column.

D ece mber, 193 2.

FIRST

Our Nurses' Pages. COMPILED

AMBULANCE

NO.1 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B. (CI'~TRAL AREA). A course of lectures in First r\id for \Volllen will COlllmence at District IIeadquarler , 10, Berkley-street, Clerkenwell, on Thursday January 12th, 1933. Fee for the course, including examination, is 3/6. T:lose wishing to atteno shoulLl send in their namcs to Lady Districl Officer J\liss \\'alker, 11, .\col-roacl, ~.\V.rl.

Two cour')cs of Iccture for women ,,,ill be gi\'en in the Year at Toynbee IIall, CC)(11mcrcial-road, E.1, one heing in Home ursing to commence on Friday, Janunry 13th, and th other in Fir. t .\id in ~lat mitr Ca es, on \\'edlH'sday, J anuar) 11th. Both ::-Ia es start at g p.m., and the fe for cach course, including cxamination, is 3 6. ~c\\'

TE;\\PLE NlJI~SING Dluslol'>. - The .\nnual Di\'isional Comrctition for thc Thdda Bo\\ S r Cur took place on aturday, I\'o\cmbcr 26th, the judgcs being Dr. ~. Corbet Fletcher, .\ , i ' tant urgeon-in, hid (First .\id), and Lady Di'>trict fficcr :'I1iss \\'alkcr (IIome 1\ursing and CnifC'rJ11 ). The cur was won for th second year in ucce ssion by :\ ;\liss 'Ieash\ \\ ith ill.95 mark (>is.S ks . 10 reI' cent. handicap), the runner-up bcing- .\. :'Ili"s King- with 76.5. Total possible marks 100. • The Division was honoured on thi occa. ion by the rresence of the .\,>sistant Commissioner in charg-e of thl .\rca, Dr K Lund.

A Note on Dental Decay. DROWNED IN BATIl.

By DR. R.

CAR~lICHAEL,

L.D.S., D.D.S.

DE TAL disease may be the cause of many complaints affecting the general health. This does not seem to be realised by a large number of those whose mouths are examined by the dental surgeon. To mention a few of these troubles that may arise from oral sepsis may therefore be instructive, viz. : Blood poisoning; stomach and digestive troubles; inflammation of the glands of the neck; rheumatism; general debility; diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat; diseases of the heart and arteries; neurasthenia; bronchitis; appendicitis; neuritis; inflammation of the kidneys; and many others . You cannot enjoy life if your health is poor. You cannot work well, play well, or even look well. Some hints on keeping well are, therefore, worth bearing in mind. If you have badly cared-for or decayed teeth, you will not feel well and you may become seriously ill, because if you have decayed teeth, you are not only swallowing poison but it is entering into your system through the blood vessels connected with your teeth. No wonder that you do not feel fit. Decay may have started in your teeth without your knowing it. So that it is most important for

Death from natural causes was the ycrdict returned at an inquest on Douglas Drummond, aged seven, who was drowned in a bath at hi . home after he haLl been sailing toy boats. His mother said she took the boy up to bath and, aft er bathing him, she drew off some water and left hilll to rial' with the boats.-Daiif Afi1'J'or.

WALKED A 1ILE WITH FRACTURED SKULL. The mystery of Thomas Young of \Vorcester Park, who walked a mile with a fractured skull is being investigated by the police. Young was found by a constable late at night looking for his racing bicycle. He was taken to hospital. The bicycle was found a mile away at Felbridge, slightly damaged. Young's memory is a blank.-Dairy Mirr01'.

KICKED TO SAFETY. By taking a running kick at his cousin, Frederick Bull, aged twelve of Wimbledon, an eight-year-old boy named Ayling saved him from electrocution. The boys were playing with others in a field by the side of the electric railway near Morden Halt. Bull got on to the line, and his left leg came into contact with the Jive rail. Ayling, who was wearing rubber boots, showed great pluck and presence of mind. Seeing Bull's plight, he rushed up and kicked h im from the line, thus saving his life. Bull received severe burns on hi~ f~ce left leg and foot.-Dai{y Mi1'1'01',

157

A I D.

, o. 1 DlsTRlcr, ESTERN .\RE \ ( omretltlOns at East JIam). - .\ competition for Xursing Di\'ision of thi .\rea, which look place at Lathom-road School, East IJam, on aturclay, :\'o\'cmber 26th, was staged hy the District urgeon, Capt . F. E. Bendix, :\1. e., while ,\mbulance ODlcer ;\mblcr, Ea<;t IIam Di\·i ion, undertook thc properties. Two corporation workmen \\'er working at a sewer. On of them, overcome by sewer ga , f II and fractured hi femur, and also sulTered fro 111 asphyxia and shock. The parts of the men were plendidly acted by Pte. Tudor and Gibbard, ~nd Capt. Bendi x. is to be cong-ratulat d on his playwritingabilities. The judges wcr : Cart. Bendix, team te t; Capt. Kendall, M.D., Assistant Commissioner of the Area, individual practical; Lieut.-Col. J, IIamilton, 1\J.e., 1\1.0., County urgeon of the Area, \·i"a voce. Uniforms "'ere inspected by Lady District upt. Miss Rideout. Four teams entered, East Ham, Barking, Bromley-bybow, and \Voolwich, and the winning team was Barking with 308~ marks, foilowed closely by East Ham with 305 Bromley-by-Bow scored 268~, and 'Woolwich 199. The latter taam were cong-ralulated by the Commissioner for their pluck) attempt, which 'w as their first in public competitions. There wa;::, a large and appreciative audience, among t whom were Lieut.-Col. Brooks, Commissioner, No. 1 Di trict; Assistant Commissioner Capt. Goodley, I.e.; District Officer Fitch and Lady District Officer Miss Curtis; Supts . Atkins (East Ham), Howard (Dagenham), and Norman (Barking) ; Lady Div. Supts. Miss Stenning (Ilford), Miss Swann (Dagen ham), 1\1rs. Harvey (Grays), -Irs. Moakes (Woolwich), Miss Smith (Barking), Irs. Samson (Leytonstone), and l\ l rs. Morrish (East Ham). Lieut.-Col. Brooks presented the following trop h ies to the winners ; -

SISTER.

Edith \Vard Shield. - Barking team. Adam Rose Bowl (for the highest individual marks crained in the competition).-Lady .t\mb. Ofllcer ;\lis5 ~lcDowell, East Ham. .. . . Papworth Cup (for general effiCIency 111 FIr t .-\ld).-A S ;\lrs. English, East Ham. Davis Cur (for Home :\'ursing). - A S ;\[iss ;\loore, East Ham. Edith \Vard Cup (for Impro\'ising).-A/ S :\lrs. English, East Ham. Scott Cup (for general efficiency).-.-\ S ;\liss E. Trud g-elt, vVest Ham. . Leftle)' Cur.-A S :'Ifrs. ~I. Carter, Barking. wann Efficiency Cup.-.-\ S Miss P. ~. Parrott, Dag-enham. Nursing Cadet Trophies.- ~dith Ward. Shield (for First Aid). -Cadet Hetty Goodndge. Iornsh Cu p (for IIome Nursingl-Cadet Edna Appleby. The Commissioner then asked illrs. Eaton to formally rresent to the East Ham 1\ursing Cadet pivision a shield gi\'en by il1r. and :\lrs. Eato? for competl~lon by tean:s of nursing cadets to be held 111 the forest 111 summer time. The shield was received by Cadet Joan \Voolford, who thanked the donors in a prettly little speech. Votes of thanks \\'ere proposed to the judges by Dr. Benton, to Lieut.-CuI. Brooks for presiding by District Officer Fitch, and to the patient and helpers by Dr. Kendall. Capt. Bendix made a few short remarks about th~ work of the competitors, and said that he and the other Judges con'iidered that all had done "cry well indeed. I

B,\RKI ' G ~URSING DIVISION CO;\IPETITION.-A competition in Home Nursing for the Leftley Bm\"! took place on October 2Rth. and ,,'as again conducted by Dr. C. Leonard \\'illiams, ;\1. O. H. The test consisted of a written paper of 30 questions, a ,'j\'a yoce examination, and one bandage. A. . Irs. Carter was judged the winner, with 85 marks out of a rossfble 100, the runner-up being.\ S. Irs. \Vood with 83 marks. The presentation of the trorhy was deferred until November 26th, when the area competitions took rlace. DAGENJIAM 'CRSING DI\'ISION CmIPETITION. - The competition for the" Swann ,: Efficiency Cup took place at King George Hospital on l\Ionday, K O\'ember 21st, t.he judges being the Dis~r~ct. Surgeon, Capt. F . E. BendiX, ~1.e., Assi tant CommiSSIOner Capt. Goodley, ;\I.C., and Lady District Offlcer ;\liss Curtis.. . First place was a\\"arded to A S 1\11 s Parrott for the second year in succession, to whom the Cup was presented at the Area competitions on the following Saturday. The judges complimentcd the ",inner and all the c~mpetititors on the excellent display of knowledge they had glyen. INSPECTION BY TIlE LADY SUPER1NTENDENT-IN-CIlIEF.On Thursda", November 17th, Lady Perrott, R.R.C., Lady Supt.-in-Chief of the S.].A.B., carried out an inspection of elected ~ursing Di\'isions of the Eastern Area of No. 1 Di. trict at Lathom-road Schools, Ea t Ham . Officers and members frem Ea t Ham, Bectoll, \Vest Ham and Bromleyby-Bow, were present. . Lady Perrott, who \yas accomp~l1Ied by her Lady StarT Officer, ~ l i s L thbrid~' e, was recel\'ed by officers of the

158

FIRST

Area Staff in the unm'oidable absence, throuh illness, of the . \ i tant Coml11i sioner in charge of the Area, After in pecting the parade, he asked that demonstrations of bandaging and artificial respiration be gi\'en, .\t the c10. e of the proceeding, he prai. ed the fine di splay of bandaging she had witnessed, and said that on the \\'hole she con id red the uniforms were "ery smart. he said how pleased he was that so many of the isters had undertaken duty at various London hospitals and at East Ham, and congratulated them on their number of mobile members. Those present at the inspection included Lt.-Col. Brook , M.D" Commissioner of 1 o. 1 District; Lt.-Col. Hamilton, M.e., l.D., County Surgeon; District Officer Fitch, and Lady District Officer Miss Curtis, both of Eastern .\ rea ; Dr. Hogg, Lady Di\'i ional Surgeon, Ea t Ham; Dr. Benton, :\1. O. H. and Diy. Surgeon, East Ham; and Lady Diy. Supts. Miss Cook, Mrs. Morrish, liss Stathern and ':\lis Brain, No.1 DISTRICT, 'VESTER

AREA, E.-\LING 1 liRSING DIVISaturday, Tovember 19th, at the Vestry Hall, Ranelagh-road, Ealing, in aid of Divisional Funds. Mr. Hales kindly acted as 1. C., and excellent music was provided for about 130 dancers by the Paramount Dance Band.

sTO~.-A successful dance was held on

RICH~lO:\,D t\URSI:\'G DI\'lSION.-A Christmas fair, which was h 3ld by this Division in the Princes Hall, on Saturday. No\'e mber 26th, proved a great success. It was opened by 1\1rs. Coleridge, who was accompanied by the Hon. Gilbert Coleridge. l\1r. YV. Sanderson (chairman of the hospital) occupied the chair, and was supported, among others, by the Lady Div. Surgeon, Dr. Kate Treyithirk. There were several daintily decorated stalls, and a number of competitions to lure money from the pockets of those' who attended; and in the evening an excellent entertain men was gi\'en by the nursing sisters and pupils of the Gra nge Prepqratory School.

"\VELLINGBOROUGH CORPS COMPETITIO T.-Five teams entered for this competition which was held at Wellingborou~h, on Saturday, November 19th. Th e team test, which was set by Dr. Tolput, of Kettering, was very well staged. Attracted to a house by screams, and getting through the crowd, the team found a woman suffering from serious wounds in the chest, caused by the shot from a revolver, the bullet having passed right through the body; and her husband unconscious nearby, but with no apparent injuries. From what was subsequently learned, thh husband after shooting his wife had taken opium. In the individual work, 'liss Charteris, Matron of the County Hospital, Bedford, and the Assistant Matron, judged the bed making, and Lady Corps Supt. 1iss Bradford, A. R. R. e., the bandaging and practical home nursing. :\larks for uniform were alloted by Lady District Officer 1iss .:\lawby, M. B. E. The marks were awarded as follows: 1, Wellingborough Victoria, 271; 2, Wellingborough Headquarters, 212; 3, Higham Ferrers, 152t; 4, Rushden, 146; 5, Finedon, 1141. 2The last team was making its first appearance in competition work. It will be seen that it was a runaway victory for the Victoria team, to whom the Pickering Cup was handed by Lady District Supt. Mrs. Harvey Reeves, A. R.R.C. Following the presentation of the trophy, Mrs. Harvey Reeves presented the service medal to Lady Amb. Officer Miss Trusler, of Higham Ferrers, for 15 years' efficient service.

A I D.

December, 1932.

The judges all spoke of the splendid efforts and good work of all the competitor, and congratulated the winner. Following the comp titian, tea was served by the Wellingborough Co-operative ociety, to whom District Officer Parker expressed the thank of the Corps for their generosity. Mr. Parker also thanked the judges for their kind service . .J.A.A COMPETITloN.-The Malvern branch l\IAL\'ER of the t. John Ambulance Association held competition' for men and women on Thursday, ovember 17th. For the team test open to women, Dr. G. Brown, of Cheltenham, act d as judge. The test was as follo\\'s :-;\ gas main exploded in a street outside a cottage window, and the force of the explosion blo".. s the window into the room in which are t\\'o women. One i hit by a piece of !lying gla. he i carrying a kettle of boiling water, and the shock cau~es her to drop it. The other woman i hurled again t a pie e of furniture, and her left side is injured. Hearing the noi e of the explosion, the team rush in to help, while a neighbour offer assistance. The result of the competition ,,'ere: 1, S.J.,\. B. No.2 team (Mrs. King, Iisses Foster, Bubb and jones), 157 mark s; 2, Girls' Life Brigade No. 1 team, 11X; J, Girl Life Brigade o. 2 team, 111. The winr.ers were presented with the :\1 rs. IIolbeche Cup. SCSSEX V.A. D. COi\lPETITIO:\,. - Uastings gained another triumph on Saturday, , ovember 26th, when for the fourth year their fir t team won the County up against other detachments of the Sus x Branch of the B. R. e. .. Seventeen teams entered for the competition, ,,·h ich was held at Circus-street School, Brighton, the problem for the team test being a road accident. The Duchess of orfolk, Pres ident of the County Branch, and Brig. Genl. F. Gore Anle)', C. B. c.:\1. G., were among those who followed the competions with the keenest interest. The judges were: Team test, Lt.-Col. R. ollis Hallowes, D.S.O., M.B., R ...'l".ilI.e., Royal Herbert Hospital, vVoolwich ; Home Nursing-, Sistl'r Powell, Croydon General Hospital. In the indi\'idual tests: Practical First Aid, lajor-General D. D. Collin s, e.B., C. 1.G., M.D., County Director for London; Oral Fir"l Aid, Lt.-Col. T. J. 'Wright, D.S.O., D. P.H., ~Iilitary Ho pital, Brighton; Practical Home Nursing, l\liss Hall, Di tricl Supt. of Queen's Nurses for East Sussex; Oral Home Tursing, Sister Everitt, Croydon General Hospital; Uniform, 1i Chevenix-Trench, Hon. County Secretary and Assistant County Director, London. The results were announced by Brig.-General Gore Anley as follows: 1, Sussex 14 (Hastings 1), 896 lnarks ; 2. Sussex 48 (Lewes 1), 816 ; 3, Sussex 14 (Hastings 2), 800 ; 4, Sussex 202 (Uckfield 1), 767 ; 5, Sussex 204 (Healhfield), 762 ; 6, Sussex 4 (Hastings), 735 ; 7, Sussex 48 (Lewes), 733; 8, Sussex 88 (Bognar), 72-1-; 9, Sussex 46 (Crowborough) 717t; 10, Sussex 78 (Worthing 1), 710; 11, Sussex 24 (Bexhill 1) 697 j 12, Sussex 24 (Bexhill) and Sussex 134 (Wadhurst), both with 679; 13, ussex 56 (Brigh~on), 671t; 14, Sussex 78 (Worthing 2), 66-1-; 15, Sussex 202 (Uckfield 2), 645 ; 16, Sussex 38 (BexhilI), 611, Maximum marks 1,000. In his remarks, Brig.-Genl, Gore Anley said that those who had not won the Cup must not be disheartened because they had been beaten. The Cup was handed to to Mrs. Norman Ticehurst, Commandant of the Hastings Detachment, by the the Duchess of N orfoll< . "Everyone is very envious of you," said her Grace, addressing the Commandant, "but they will join with me in congratulating you on your success."

December, 1932.

F I RST

159

A I D.

Brig.-G nl. .\nky propowu a \'otc of thank" to all who had a sisted at the cOI1l]1(;titions .

Home Service Ambulance Committee.

\' . .\.D. COOI,EH\' CO.\11'1'.'1I110:"\ ,\1 CI~l)\·J)O:\. ,\ cookcry competition among the Surrey Voluntal y Aid Detachment" of the B.R.C.S. was held in the Croydon Gas Company's Lecture 11all recently. Sc\cn teallls,'each consi ting of t\\·o member'>, competed, and ~lrs. l'\orton, head of the I'-en,>in~· ton ~cl1nol of Cookery, was the judge. The Ilrst tcst consisted in the rreparation of a staIr meal for three people, and the second of a meal for an il1\'alid. The teams \\' re placed in the following order: 1, Leathcrheael; 2, [)orking; 3, \'\ 'a llinglon ; -1-, Che'lm ; 5, Surbiton ; (), Reigate ; 7, Guildford. The winning- team con i tcd of ~I r.., ..\Il:'rn:r lllith anu :\1r~. Longley, anu to them til Aorri ... Cup was pre ented b) 'Ir, F. E. l\llrri", who remarked on Ihe narro\\' margin by \\ hi h it had be n \\'011, He "itre'>sed the need for a kno\\ledge t)f cookery for im alids, and e"pres~cd the thank~ llf llf the .'urrc\· Branch tl' ~Ii..,., :\ortoI1, \\'hos thorou~h tlh.'t1wd of judging hetel ~i\'L'n campI ll'satisfaction,

At the end of September, 1932, tI~e tot'll number of ambulances, including those at affiliated stations, was 318, an increase of one over the previous quarter. The number of patients carried show a great increase o\er that of the June quarter, being 29,950 a!{ainst 27,4-31. The total number of patients carried is no\\' 1,154,125. The quarterly report of the Committee gi\'es a comparative table uf the work done in the respective counties. It has been brought to the Committee's notice that there are a large number of patients who, while not strictly ambulance case, yet experience considerable difficulty, by reason of age or infirmity, in attending hospitals and clinic~ for penodical treatment. The Committe therefore sugge ts that in connection with each ambulance tation as supplementary to it, 3. Voluntary Hospital Car en'ice should be organised to meet the needs of the e case It is belie\'ed that if the Iwed wer made mon' generally known a number of pri\'ate car owner would be willing to undertake occasional journeys \\' ith patients. :\ Hospital Car Sen'ice organised in association with ~tation - of the Home Ambulance Sen'ice would sen'e to consolidate the po ition of the Order of St. john and the British Red Cross ociety as leaders in all that concern<; the transport of the sick and injured. It " 'o uld widen the sphere of their influence by bringiIlg into closer association \\'ith their \\'ork a section of the public \\'hirh, I o\\'e\'er much it may ha\'e apprO\'ed of the aim of these organisation, ha~ hitherto taken no practical part in carrying them into elTcct. There can be no urer road to support of the causes that the Order of St. John and British Red Cross Society ha\'e at heart, than an opportunity for sharing in their work. Other items in the report are the Committee's satisfaction of the numbers of new roadside first-aid huts and boxes which ha\'e been established this year; the results of the new X-ray car which is giving every satisfaction and, also, a new cale of pri ce for tyres whiLil came into force on October 1st la t.

TII~; HISWHY 01 ;\t H'''\'(,. .\ highly intere~ting lantern It'durc 011 thi.., ,>ubject \\;1<, gi\en at the In . titute of II: giencL' to the Illl'mber . . la~t month, thc iLcturer on this lllta~ioll bl:ing :\Ii . . .., J...obel .\Ialdllnald. :\lr.J C. Ains\\'orthD<I\i,>, \1 ..\., .\1.£3., F.R.l'. ., \\a ... in the chair, and rLeei\ co tllell1l er;, ,1110 tlll'ir fril·nd.... ] Ie introduced ?-.li ~ :\Iacdonald a" ,l illcmber of the Illo'>t \\ onderful profe sion in the \\'orlel. \1 i . . s :\laLdlHutid \\ a ... ..,ec0nd to none in the nuring \\'orld, and a . . a lecturer on her o\\'n subject she was uneLJualleel. In her kcture "i..,s :\1 a -tlunalJ traLed the de\'c lopmcnt l,f nursing thn)u~h the a g-c.., , beginning with the earl;. pellple~. ~he paitl a tribute to the hi~h ethical stanclard of the hirrolf.ltic phy::.il-ian ... ana to their keen desir<: to find a ll1atcriali . . tic l"pLlfl:tlion fllr di e,l..,e. hI: L'xrlainl:Ci methods of treating the ~ick in Greece anti in thL' Rom:lI1 Empire, and thence l)n\\arel throug-h tIll' \lieldk .\gcs. -he gave an account of . . Otlll· of the fatllou~ nurses llf olden time~, including the Empress Hl'lena, mother of Constantine, \\'ho li\ l'd in the fourth centur), .\ . D., and \\ ho may hme been the first royal nurse. Th first roJal Briti"h nurse \\'a probably Queen :\Iargaret, \\' ite of }lalcolm Canmore. At th cIo..,e of 'liss :'Ilacdonald's lecture, Dr. R. King Brown expreed his appreciation of all he had heard. He considered that :\1 i ~I acdonald had made tile su bject mo t intereting- and enjoyable. He had, hO\\'e\'er, mi ed one ol d friend, a very famous nur e, and that \\'a Sairey Gamp. In portraying thi immortal character, Dickens was uncloubteelly trying to how up the deplorable state of nur ing at that time. A hearty vote of thald~s to Ii s i\lacdonald was proposed by 1\lr. Seymour Harding, and was carried with acc lamation.

Items (Di,isional news and competition~, social, interesting duties, lectures, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon St. , London, E.C.4.

The annual social of the Central Area, S.J.A.B., will b helel on january 27th, 1933.

Binding Copies of " F. A. " KEEP your Copies of FIRST

AID clean and tidyhave them bound. Send your copies for the last Vol ume (J ul y, 1931, to June, 1932) and we will return same bound in an attractive case of leather cloth, wi th the title of the publication in gold letters on the front and side and the eight pointed cross on front, for 6s. , post free. Complete Volumes can be supplied at 9s., post free. Binding Cases only, 2s. 9d. post free. Orders should be sent to DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNOI STREET, LONDON, E.C.-+.

o. 1 Dist rict,

.\ meeting was helel in [he Crossley l cmorial j nstitute, Commondale, to furm as.]. t\. A. Class. Dr. Armstrong-, of Danby, offered his ervices a lecturer, and l\1r. ,,\,. Dowson, of Kildare, was appointed instructcr. Fifteen names were secured by Ir. R. Lee ( ecretary), and the Ilrst cia s was held on November 2Qth.

F OR SALE :-Roller Bandges B.P.e. Quality (W.O.W. ), 1 in. x 6 yards, 7/ 6 gross. Good Quality (W.O.VV.), 1 in. x 6 yards, 6/- gross. Other sizes in proportion. Also good quality Triangular Bandages at 4/ - per d07.en, samples Sd. each. Boric Lint (8. P. C.) 1 oz. packets, 2 - per dozen; Hospital, 1/9 per dozen. Cotton Wool (8. p, C) 10z. packets, 1/ 10 per dozen; Hospital, 1 8 per dozen. All post free. Cash with order. -Asepto Bandage Co., 46, Cannonstreet, London, E.C.4.

FIRST

160

~ueries

and J\nswers eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules:I. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon·street, London, E. C. 4. 2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the J()umal, or, in case of Queries frem abroad, from a recent issue. 3.-The Textbook, to which reference may be made in tLis column is the 38th 1I928) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.

A I D.

Rc\'i ed Textbook provided much discu'sion, which was finally sellled by a leUer from the Chid Secretary of the .\ ssociation. This \\'a published in the Correspondencl: Column of the June 1931, is ue of FIRSI' ,\ll), amI delinitely stated thnt the anterior of the three . plint is to be placed upon the front of the arl11, namely, o\'er the bicep ' muscle. Personally, I prefer the old treatment \\'ilh the in ide and outside splints, which can be more easily and more elliciel1t1y applied by the average fir t aider, for \\'ho ' C benefit thL: Textbook is written. Indeed, Ill} per!:>onal expericnce is that candidates in xamination vcry rarely obttlin by the ne\\' mcthod propcr control of the humerus. Incidentally, an examinc!" unJer the authority of the .\ssociatil)n has no !"ight to dcmand a splint between arm anu bod}, Your letter is most interesting, since i~ seell1s tn prm"C that the present Re\'ision Co III 111 iUee he"< \ e in th is conl1l,ction adopted a method \\'hich had been tl'ied pre\ iOLlsly Hnd been rejected for purpose ' of first aid !-:\. C. F.

CHARGE OF STREET A,CClDE:-\TS, \\',J, (S\yindle).-I shall be glad if you \\' ill kindly an!:>\\"~r the follo\ying que tion on an incident which recenLly occured :If a policeman is the first person on the cene of an accident and if a first aider \\' ith more years' experience also turned up, can the policeman take charge of the case and dispense \yith the sen,ices of the first aider? The question arises from a case in which the policeman decided that the patient ,,'as fit to be taken home whereas the first aider said tbat he ought to be rel1lO\'ed to hospital. The policeman's order was carried out: but within an hour the patient was taken to hospital by the order of patient's doctor.

The police officer wa" within his legal rights because, as representatiYe of the la\y, he alone can take ollicial charge, of street accidents: but, in this instance, he was apparenLly a poor first aider because he refused the suggestion of a more experienced first aider.-K, CORBET FLETCHER,

EXA.\II:\,ATIO;-': HO\\'LE[~. A.A. (Parramatla, Australia). - In a recent class examination, one of our members ,,'as asked what he would do for a man suffering severely fro III the effects of Frost Bite. In all seriousness, he replied: "Fhld another man suJfen'llg fro III H eat Stroke and pitt tlz r:1ll in bed together." I can still hear the roar of laughter which greeted this remarkable answer! Good!

Next, please! ! - T. C. F.

TREAL'olENT OF FRACTURED Hl'illEl{CS. L.D. (Vancouver, B.C.)-In the treatment of Fractured Humerus (middle of shaft) several of our members report that it is most difficult to apply a splint to the anatom ical front of the arm, and further that some doctors, in examinations, insist on the application of a splint between the patient's arm and his body. In a discussion on this point, there was produced a 10th Edition of the Textbook, 'which seems La describe accurately the position of this splint, as it reads : " The front splint being placed over the biceps and not to be long enough so as to interfere with the fold of the elbo"v." \Ve therefore submit for your ruling the question as to what is the exact position in which we should place the front splint in the treatment of this fracture. The treatment of Fractured Arm as laid down in the

Dccem bcr, 1932.

SDIPU: FI'.\CTL'RES uF BUrll

LEt; ' .

T. P. (EI1\'ille).-.\l a r~ccnt Di\ i!:>ional Practice a Ji\ ersit) of opinion aros~ regarding the treatment l)f the fl1110\\,ing case:.\ man \\'as found to bc !:>ulrcring from imple Fractures of Tibia and Fibula of lx)th legs. I Ie \\ ,\'j lying on hi!:> back \\'ith hi le~ crL'sseJ. the point of cro sing being tIll' eat of fractures, YL)Ur ruling Llf to treatment \\'ill be greatly apprl:ciateu. I fail to see ho\\' the era sin~ of the kg-:-. complicates your decision as to appropriate treatment. YllU I11U-.t uncro s the legs so as to confirm the' presence of a fmclure in the under limb, So you should treat enl h fractured leg separately and then tie both tL)g-etbcr with broad hanuag~ round knees and narrow bandage round hLlth ankle:::.

J h,:cclll her,

FIRST

1932.

Uniforms & Equipment.

A I D.

ESTABLISHED

161

1876.

BEST AND CHEAPEST HOUSE IN THE TRADE.

WOODALL NICHOLSON LTD.

Latest Pattern Ambulance Uniforms a Speciality. Bend fop pplce List and Patterns to-

UNIFORM CLOTHING &. EQUIPMENT, CO., Ltdl

(APPOliVTED ROLLS RO YCE /1 CENTS)

5,10,11, Clerkenwell Green, LONDON, E.C.1.

AMBULANCE BUILDERS

Telephone: Clerkenwell 6682.

Telegrams: Unlqulpl LondoD.

RE~CONDITIONED

ALLMAN'S

POCKET ANATOMICAL ATLAS

Size 6"x 32" (Plates i'x 6"). Illustrated by Twelve Coloured Plates from Original Drawings. Contains an anatomical descrrptlOn of the plates and the arrangements and physiological functions at the 1-1 uman H.)dy, arranged III mamklll form. A valuable Atlas for First Aid Studeot~.

Price 1/-

(post

SECOND~

HAN D R 0 L L S ~ ROY C E, AUSTINS, ARMSTRONG~ SI D DE LEYS and DA 1M LER CHASSIS ALWAYS IN STOCK

HORTON STREET HALIFAX

free).

SlIppl/ed b}

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon Stpeet, London, E.C.4.

'PHONES

4231-z

~.C.F.

TRE,\T,\IE:-: r OF J :-:SE:-:SIilILITY. R.13. (Pelln),craig). - Reccnll:- in our class di LussiLln Ml)Se as to the real meaning of Rule IJ, page 156 of the Te'-'lbook. One of our members maintained that the rug or blanket should be wrapped right round the patient, whereas the majol' it)" took the instruction to sig-nify placing the rug or blanket oyer the raticnt. \\'e \ ' CI1ture to submit the point to yO'-1 fo!" arbitration. By its instruction "co\er palient" the Textbook L1Lles not mean you merel), to toss a rug over him bu l to takL'such steps as will efTeclually protect him frolll further e\ aporation of body heat. Thus, if on a frosty day an insensible patient is placed on a cold stretcher, he will lose more heat because his body will gradually warm the strelcher, If, howe\'er, the stretcher is protected with another rug or with a fold of the rug which can then be wrapped round patient, the loss of body heat will be much less marked. - J . C. F.

TRE,\DJEt\T OF FRACTURlm \\'RIST. L.U. (Vancouver, B. C. ). - At a recent meeting we discussed the treatment for a Fractured vVrist; and it was noted that in the February 1932 issue of FIRST ;\1D YOLl ad\'ised treatment as for Crushed Hand. We wonder if you really meant this and if, applying a similar rule, you suggest that a Fractured Ankle should be treated as for Crushed Fool. To us it seemed to be more advisable to il11ll1obilise the e lbow or knec as the case may be. We shall appreciate your considel-ed opinion on this point. Your letter suggests that we are at cross purposes owing La the fact that you are using vague terms in reference to the

1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111110

a ~te~511111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

IINVALID

Whatever the Chassis use Carters' Ambulance Fittings.

FUR.NITUR.E

Sect:onal Catalogue 7A, which is free for the ask· ing, describes this Patent Stretcher Elevating Gear, which is a triumph in compactness and scientific design,and the whole range of Ambulance Furniture and FIttings. !;y ,\ppointment.

WRITE FOR IT.

The most up to-date and scientific. in the world.

THE NEW "PORTLAND" GEAR (Pal. XO 3S096J).

Th.is new paten t Am bulance Gear offers many unlquc advantages \\ hether the Ambulance is carrying t\\' O stretcher cases or only a sinaie case. A se][-contained unit, it can bc placed i~ almost any vehicle, and it makes the loading of either top or bottom the si III plcst possible matter. The "PORTLAND" Gear should bc specifl.ed for any new Ambulancc and it 125, 127, 129, provi les an ideal Great Portland Street, method of modLondon, W.I. ernising vehicles Telephone-Langham 1040. alrcady in use. Tc i'!grams - "llulhchuir, \Vcsdo, London. "

This illustration shows the clear gangway for loading the lower stretcher when ~nly one case is being carried.

1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111'111

FIRST

162

injuries. :\ly correspondcnt in the February issue asked about the. tre~tment. of Fractured \Vrist and specifically defined. thl~ ~s In\'ol\'lng (the bones of the wrist (carpus)," for whIch Injury treatment as for Crushed Hand i strictly correct. On the other hand, your discu sion centred round Fracture of \\'rist " and "Fracture of ..\nkle," which term usually ignify Fractures of Forearm and Leg and should be so I reated, Certainly a Fracture of Ankle" hould not be treated a for Cru hed Foot. - N'.C F.

impossible," \\'ill you kindly gi\'e your ruling 0n the matter. For in tance, should a first aider cauteri l' such a wound if it \Va possible to obtain the en'ice of a doctor in 10 minutes rime? Please accept our sincere thClnks .

• 1

December, 19.32.

A I D.

J t is 1110St dilTicult to be JidacLic on this point, which depend entirely on the accuracy of the diagnosis. Olher\\'is \\'e hould ha\'e some indi"idual taking' on themselves the duties and responsibilitie. of a doctor" and cauteri ing every \\'ound suspect d of uch infection. If, however, I wa the patient, and 1 knew that a venomous snake had got" me, I hould wHnt my wound cauteri ed at the fir L pos ible monlE'nt- doctor or no doctor - because c\'cry second counts toward prc\'ention of complication. Further than thi , I cannot go. - N. C. F. I I

.\l'THORISED

O;-{TENTS OF Pl)l' ' H.

G.G. (Golders Grecn). - \Vith reference to your ans\\'er to the query of the aboye title published in No\'ember 1932 i sue of FIRST A,ID, I beg to direct your attention to page 10 of Dress Regulations, 1930. ' To what purpose? presume, howe\'er, that m\' ref.er.ence to " eight items" displeases you and that, in you'r Opll1lOn, I should have added up e\'erything and made the total sixteen items." So for your edification I point out that the pouch fittings ",'ere de"ised to have immediately available all articles necessary for the treatment of a \yound of limb complicated by arterial bleeding. Further, if you retort that Dress Regulations tabulate these in nine lines, then I reply that you would not apply both a 1-inch and also a 2-inch roller bandage to keep the dressing and cotton \\'001 pad in position; and thus "'e arrive at my total "eight items". Q. E. D. «

~.C.F.

TREATMENT OF FRACTURE') LEG WITHOUT SPLINTS. N'. F. (Seaham).-In the treatment of Fractured Leg for which no splints are available, the Textbook (p. 77) tells us that « ankles, knees and thighs should be tied together." The members of our class disagree as to whether we should simply tie the ankles together or pass the bandage round ankles and feet as shown in Fig. 43 (Bandage D); and they ask you to give a ruling. Those who tie together the ankles only are working strictly in accordance with instruction; but those who apply the bandage as in Fig. 43 will obtain a much more effective control of ~he fractured leg, since the bandage round feet and legs WIll tend to keep up extension of the broken limb. -N.C.F. TREAnlENT OF INSENSIBILITY. J. W. (Darnall). - If we had to treat a patier:t suffering frum insensibility due to Fractured Base of Skull, should we turn patient's head to one side as laid down under General Rules for i'reatment of Insensibility? We submit the point for your kind decision, because some of our members argue that if the head is turned tl) one side, lace:-ation of brain or spinal cord may occur. It is perfectly correct to turn the patient'S head toward one side under the circumstances 'lamed, and you may rest assured that no further complication will result therefrom.N.C.F. TREAnlENT OF POISONED WOUNDS. E. II. 1: (Cape Town). - Under the Treatment of Wounds by POIsoned Weapons and Bites of Rabid Animals, the Textbook on Page 132 (Rule 4) stipulates" If it is quite impossible to obtain the services of a doctor, apply a f1 uid caustic." As a doubt exists amongst some of us as to the correct interpretation of the words (( quite

TRE.\TMENT OF PRl'. Sl

.-\CJl)

POI:..O;>;I:-;l •.

P. B. (\\'atfyrd). - Our Divisional urg-eon says that Lhere is a ho\yler in the Textbook, which on page 177 for Treatment of Prus ic • cid Poisoning, tells us to g-i\'e al Volatile "diluted with an equal quantity of water." He also says that he is surpri ed at thl' ab ence of COIllment in the columns of FII~sT .\10 on this all too-pO\\'l' rful dose. \Vith regret I cannot agree that the do:; is too powerful or that it is a howler. Absence of comment al 0 ug-ge t that others agree with me. The condition is urgent; and the stimulant, to be of an)' use, mu t be potent. . Further, it is interesting to note that, though brandy diluted with equal quantity of water is not a" oft" drink for any patient unaccustomed to alcohol, your Surgeon apparently accepts this dosage as correct. - ;\ . . F.

TREAnlEI'\T OF CHOKI~G. A. W. (Kings Lynn). - Please tell u your vi 'I'.' with rek'rence to the following problem which we di cus ed at our class recently:(( A man falls and fractures his pelvis. He i unconscious, and has false teeth which he swallows. You have tried every possible way to remo\'(~ them but cannot. You are miles away from any doctor or hospital and you are. afrai.d that the man will die by choking-. Would you \0 thl case, take the law into your own hands, anJ cut his throat to enable him to breathe or would you chance letting the man die, by waiting f~r a doctor? "

You are not very careful as to the details of your problem. If your patient has" swallowed" his denture, there is no immediate danger therefrom, because s'vvallowed teeth do not cause asphyxia, concerning which you say nothing dehnite. ,-\Iso, I am wondering what the fractured pelvis has to do with your problem. Again, if your problem signifies that the teeth are obstructing the air passage alld causing asphyxia, then "cutting the patient's throat" is likely to end (not to remedy) his troubles. Your problem, properly translated, sets out a critical el11e~g~ncy for ~hich there is apparently only one solution; and It IS one ",hlch 1 have had to face once in my life. So 1 hope that you will only have 10 face it in theory and not in practice. Of course, everything- depends on your confidence in your own puwers of diagnosis and in your own kill in action j but you must remember that for an untrained pers?n opening a patient's larynx is not such an easy and sllllple process as your imagination pictures. On the contrary, you must know just when and just where the incision should be made. Some Textbooks in the early days of the Ambulance

FIR ST

December, 193 2.

Movement described for uch el11crgencie a method of opening the larynx by a mall transverse slit in the hollow which is ituated in the middle line immediately below" Adams Apple," and of keeping the opening patent with the bent ends of a couple of hairpins. This instruction never found a place in our Textbook, dearly hecau e it was felt that it might tend to favoUl Meddlesome Fir t Aid, which incidentally might give rise to <;ome cau tic comments in the Coroner's Court. Further, it is a trui m that such action which (under the very exceptional circum tances named by ) ou) might be safe and justifiable at the hand of a few experienced firs t aiders, would be decidedly unsafe and most unjustifiable in those of the big majority of per on for who e benefit and instruction the Textbook \\'a wriLten. So there, as in the June 1925 i<;sue of FIRST ,\In, I lea"e your problem. - N.C. F.

CL'\SSIFIC . \Tlll~

TRYCIlNI:\E.

\1. R. (We t Ham). .-\t a recent competition I was asked to cIa if)' trychnine, 1 said that it ",a a" convulant narcotic"; but the judge di agreed aying that it \\'a g-i\' n in medicine to liven up patients. Although another doctor has since explained that it i a "cerebral irritant." I still under tand the Textbook (p. 171) to tatc that trrchnine i, a narco[ic which cau e C(1n\·ulsion. I 'hall greatly appreciate your rulin~. Your an,,\\' r \\'as in triet accordance with the Textbook on which, I pre. ume, the competition was conducted. n your tatemcnt of fact, therefore, you were not at fault. The truth i that a perfect CIa ification of Poisons cannot be c\oh'ed, becau e poi on may vary in their efTects with the quantity taken. Thu, trychnine in medicinal do es i all ex celll'llt tonic, hut in large dose . an a . phyxiating narcotic ano a convulsant poi on. .\s a fact, trychnine i ' ollicietll) claified among "the \'e~etahle drug.., acting chien)' on the spinal cord." It caue, cOlwul iOlh which are dul' to "pinal and not to cerebral irritation, h cau . e these will occur when the spin,,1 c(1rd is . eparatcd from the hrain , ;\, . F.

TRE \ I ~1E:>: [

OF C'\RBI))~:

liL H:'\S,

R.\\'.N'. (\\'annarlwydd). ·- In the Steel Work, "'here I am mplo)' d an oxy-acet) lene hurn r i... mllch u ed. Recently, while two n1l'n were' u ing onc of the e burners, the Aeetdcne Generator hurst and ble\\' one of t hem across the \~' ork~hop agai n t ol11e teel ingots. \Vhen 1 reached him, he \Va lying nat on his face apparently senseI s, hie ding- from the mouth and bruised about the bod\' and limb, Hi face and e\'cs \\'ere cO\'ered by a je(ly of lack 'arbide. I immediately had him rai ed to a sitting position with hi head well for\\'8 rd, and ea lIed for ome warm water wi th which 1 \\'ashed the Carbide from his face, and especially from his eyes. ollle of the onlookers were more interested in the injurie to his arms; but, in my opinion, the eyes were more important and demanded prior treatment. I kept the man covered up, put in ere drops and sent for a doctor, who, on arri,'al, said that the prompt attention to the eyes had probably a\'ed the man's sight. I would like to know if Slack Carbide is the ame as White Lime for the pUl'poses of treatment, and, if so, should a weak acid be used in the warm water? The results of the chemical interaction of Carbide of Calcium and water are Acetylene Gas and Slaked Lime. There is usually some Carbide left in the Slaked Lime thus obtained; and the name given to the mixture is Slack Car-

163

A I D.

bide. According-I)" the correct line of treatment in the case in point is as for Lime in Eyes as described on page 136 of the Textbook. The instructions given there end with this sentence- I( If vinegar is not readily obtainable, wash freely with warm water." l\Iy readers will, 1 feel sure, join me in congratulating Illy correspondent on his prompt and efficient treatment which, as the doclor stated, probably saved his patient's sig-ht. - T.C. F. TREATMENT OF FRACTURED FOREARM.

J. K. (l\lanchester). - The Textbook on p. 57 tells us that, if splints and bandages are not available for treatment of Fractured Upper Limb, we should tie it to the trunk. Recently at Diyisional Practice I was told to treat a Fractured Forearm without appliances. So, as the forearm is part of the upper limb, I tied it to the trunk. I was, however, taken to task for so doing; and I was told that I should have tied the Fractured Forearm to the other forearm. Your decision will be appreciated. The correct treatment under the circumstances named seems to me to be on the lines ,,·hich youad:-pted. Patients with fractures of forearms are usually able to \\'alk; but their powers of walking would be seriously handicapped if both upper limbs were trussed as was suggested to you and, especially so in view of the more or less marked degree of shock present a the result of the accident.- .e. F.

PRO;\lOTION

IN BRIGADE.

T. R. (1 ottingham).-Please inform me (1) if it is essential for a Private, 1 • C. 0., and Amulance Officer to pass a qualifying examination before promotion, and (2) if there are any exceptions to thi (1) Ye. (2) No.-EDITOR.

Ai\'SWERS

Ii\'

BRIEF .

P. S. (Northumberland). - (1) Too vague to an wer (2) the Secretary can act (3) A.ssistant Secretary not pro\'ided for in the General Regulations. B. D. (S'\'an ea). - Yes, see Dress Reg-ulations. \\'. \\. (Atherton). - Write giving full particulars to the bief Secretary, St. John Ambulance ,-\ssociation, t. John' Gate, London, E. C. 1.

L E GAL QUERY. D. \\'. B. (l\' e\\' l\lalden).-The following general rules in accident ca e may be useful to you :(1) The last person to ha\'e the opportunity of avoiding the acccident, will, in the absence of special circumstances be liable. (2) Contributory negligence on the part of the plaintiff i a defence to ci"il actions, but not to criminal charge. (3) In ci"il actions damages may be special and general. The former represent disbursements and actual expense , e.g" doclor's fees, damage to \'ehicle, &c., the latter are for pain and suffering, e.g., "V,'hat is it ,,'orth to go through the agony again? " - E. l\IAITLA '0 \VOOLF .

We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretaries and others with specimen copies of this Journal for distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers, FIRST AID, .046 Cannon .5t., London E . C. .c .

FIRST

16+

A Firsl-Aid Kil isn'l complete-

D ece m ber, 1932.

A I D.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRICADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

S.J.A.B. POSTERS-

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &C., 8, It, CORBlli PLEICHER, I.B., B.C., B.A,(ClI8tlll), I.R,C.! AIDa

Regulation-Right! Quality- Right! Price - Right

STOCK

COATS,

AID8

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

Especially suitable for advertising the Brigade Film .

co.,

TBL8PH

YORKS.

No. 281.

sl"tU"ls. " -L. A: N.W. Rv. GAZBTTE .

CORBET

" WithONt tiD Not lJu DDOIi will b. ()I gr'tJlt s.roiCl {M lJu trtJIiNiNr oj tMs./tlr wh()", it is tUsig".d. "-BIUTlSH MEDICAL ]OUllNAL.

OOMMON

0/ all C!telllists t~ro7lg1to1(t tlte BritIsh Em/nre. Sale distn'butors :

VENO CO"

DRUG LTD.

(lvfanu/acturillg Chemists), .1IA NCl-I},STJ:R, ENGLA_YD.

a tin of Germolene ahyCtys b\' \·ou . To begin with it i S.\·FE. 'The scientists in the gn8t \ 'eno laboratories ensure that not onl\- the nnest and IllOst pure Illaterials arc used, but that it is guarded from dirt and germs at evcry stage in its manulaf'ture. Germolene is uniyersally acknowlldged as heing the flnest skin bactericide and sterilizer obtainab!C'; its 'ASEPTIC' action hrings extra quick, P,\l~ LESS healing. Bandages can be prepared with the minimum of trouble; light heat reduces the ointment to any rcquired consistency. Innumerable hospital auth orities use and I-ecoillmend it--you wi ll be \\'ise to folio,,\, the ir lea'd.

Sootlwsata troch·/ .

. .

. . _._.

f:'

OOMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcher, Individual and Question-Six Folders). Price 6d. each net, post, 'ld Each Folder contains special article on Competitions :-No. I, Training of Com· petition Teams; No. 2, Conduct of Team in Competition Room; No. 3, Common Errors In Competition; NO.4, Further Errors in Treatment; No. S, History a Competition Tests; No.6, Preparation of Tests.

WHY

AND

WHEREFORE:

FICth Edition.

FIRaT-AID.

Prlce II. ::ad., post free .

II",i.,. " -FIRST AID .

HINTa

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLIEa.

Post fr'!e, lid. ~

Ordorly Dutlell Simplified aa \! Tabulatod, wltll A!ds to .emory, ",(ut cDmp(IIct 6rochNr•. . CD"I(II;"I ..."ch Nlljtli i"/o,.",tJlliD,,. " -PllBSCllIBBR

13, 15~ 17, SURAT STREET, BETHNAL eREEN, E.2. Telephonel

......:

3/.....

LIST

Illustrated by So diagrams In Colours with Explanatory Letter press. By Sir JAMES CANTLIE, K . B . E., LL.D., M.A. , M.B. C. M. , F.R.C.S., D . P.H.R . C, P. 7!d. ne t; pos t Cree.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES. M ounte d on Can vas , R o ller top a nd bottom. 255 net each. Post, IS. Human Skeleton, fr ont view. 2. Muscles, front view. 3. Hu man Skeleton back view 4. Muscles, back view. s. The Heart and principal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (B). 8. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest and Abdo me n (D) . TO. Tbe N ervous System. I t . Schematic diagram of Circulatior. 12. T b e H um an Ear. '3 The H uman Eye. '4 . Median Section through Skin 15. Med ian Secti on throuj!:h Head. I.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. Male, 805. net.

F emale, 805. net.

2254

Carria ge 211.

ACCIDENTS AND

EMERGENCIES.

Their Signs, Symptoms a..,d "First Aid" Treatment;. An Ideall\Iemorizer Quick Reference. By A. T . GOOOII'IO . W itb Preface by W fLLl"~' LeeK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN NfeoLso', l\I.A. , l\I.B., Ch.B.Glas. u . :ad. nn post free. J.

FIR.T AID

CA~VBLL,

NURBINB

M.~.C.II.BII ••

FEW WORolI. (:>ooth thonsand) R evised.

With Coloured Diagrams. 12pp.

HOME

Clota, 6d.

Strong paper, 2d. Post 10. (s6th thousand). R evised Strong paper , 2d. Post Id.

FEW WORoB.

With useful reference tables.

'4 pp.

BANoARINC

oIARRA.W.

12 PP.-7:> bandaging dia grams, with notes.

HEALTH

P.~.C.S.

FREE .

' Yith Foetus, 85S . net.

A book that is selling by the hundred.

FEW WORoII.

20th Thou sand.

Strong paper. ::ad.

By Sir ~,

Post ld.

n, FIRTH,

Paperfolder 3 in . and 4ir•.

D.P.H Postfreead.net.

HOW A~O M. P~B8TO" , D.",o"llrtJIt Dr ttl th, Poly/,ell"ic. Price 1$. net; postage, .d Its Appl ication Acc ura tely Described by Words and tIO Diagrams. THE ROLLER BAN oABE. Price '$, net; postage, :>d. lis Application Acc urately Described by Words and 10:> Diagrams.

fly

THE TRIANCULAR BANoARE:

CARRIAGE

PAID.

1,000 Pairs New Stretcher Slings, 2 /- pair; 4 pairs, 7 /-; 10 pail's, 17/-

1,000 Ex-Army Ambulance Stretchers, 6/- to 20/- each.

. e.

113 &

ADVANCE

ILLUSTRATED

FI RIIT AID.

THE UNIVERSAL BUTTON CO.,

PRIDES, post free:

.. ..

Remittances M US T

ASEPTIC OINTMENT

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, St. John's Gate , LO:"IOON, E. C. I.

For all supplies write:

Large Size Small "

FIRST-AID.

, 1ltis bDDk gi'(),s tJI cl.ar,r i"si{:ht i,,/o tJu ",./ADds ""ti di/fiCNltils DJ .""rr."c" Inal",.,,1 6" ItJI"",." IAa" lJu ()f7jcitJIl T.xlcooli its.l/."-LANCET.

M.R.C.S.

FLAC DAYS. HOSPITAL FETES. CARNIVAL DANCES.

~~~

FLETCHER, M . A., M.B

Price, 3 /6; post tree, 4/~.

\\'In'

The Manufa ct ur e rs wi ll be d eligh ted to send a trial ~a m ple, fre e of ch arge, to m e m bers o f the medical p ro fession a nd to nurses an d hosp ital ofhc;als w h o e ncl ose th e ir profess ional cards.

II. net: post 2d.

HERE are man\' cOlwincingT reasons YOU- should kee'p

FREE

ERRORS

Brrors ID flrst·Ald Detailed aDd Bxplalned,

Dlffloultles I. Study and Treatment aolnd by QUestiOIl and Allner. ,'W, co",,,,.,,ti this cDoli ID L.e/Nr.rs a"ti StNtU"ls wAo will fiNd it D/ p'tJlf

".\s a wor k of r eference, the hook will be exc reme ly useful and hould be in the lihran l)f a ll ambulance worker..,." FII~ST .\11).

TliE

test supply on application • •

FIRaT-AID.

ProblemaIIlStady.!reatmelltandBxamlnatlo.aolnd lor SOli lor Stadents

Post free, II. oJd.

AMBULANOE

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HIS rORY, AND ITS PART IN THB AMBULANCE MOVEMENT,

-wilhoul

HOME-NURaINQ. Price u. ::Id., post free.

EFFIOIENOY

24, Commercial St., BRIGHOUSE,

A local printer (.an fill in the blank space with any required matter .

Third Edition . Re\· ised .

SPECIALITY.

THORNTON

Post free, .s. ::a4.

Heme·NanlDg IUmplltied and 'labulated, wit. Aldl te .emery • • TMs cooli flJDllti,r/tlll" si",plij£.s a co"'pux SNC;.,t a"ti sM"lti 6. r.ad [,,' al.

Sen d P. C. lor P rice List and Sell-measuremen t rOrtus .

8 izes-40 in. x 23 in.; & 20 in. x 12 in. Printing Spa.ces- I8 in. x 17 in.; & 9 in . x 8 in.

FIRaT-AID.

lIimpllfled aDd 'abulated, wltb Aldl to .eIBory.

C(li. Sir la",.s ( alltbe c )"lric"l.s a" i"trod"ctio" tJI"d w • • "doru leis K~oa o"i"io" oj lJu cook." - LANCBT.

All Uniforms cut to Customer's own measu rements

NURSES

Sevent h Edition.

flrst·AI

45. per dozen. 25. 6d.

" accompany all orders

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon Street, London, E.C.4.

A. FIRTH, 20, Wakefield Road, PONTEFRACT.

FIRBT-Alo ANATOMICAL oIABRA.B. 13 (I to 12 a nd 14)on Rolin P ost free , al. 9d. net.

No. 13 (se parately) M a le & Female Genital Organs I / ::a Price 2s , net; postage -4d Systems of Body a ccurately indexed. Invaiua ble to Students of Anatc m:v Medi cine, First-Aid and Allied Subjects.

THE

DOMPLETE MANIIlIN. THE

WHOLE

THBII::LA

ART OF BANoAaINa.

BOWIIB~.

Illustrated.

Post free, II. 2d.

PODIlET FIRIIT AID IIERIE •• fly Col. ~. J. BLACKHAM. C.B., C.M.O" C.I.B., D.!I.O" M.fl

"FIRST AID 0, QUERY and

REPLIE~

COUPON.

To b~ cui out and endoud with all Que,.tes DE C. 1932

(I) Poisoning, (2) H;emorrhage, (, ) Insenslhlllty; (.) Asphyxia (Suspended BHllt' Ing), (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, ~6) Wounds, Bites, Burns, Ses.ldJ Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series contains all the essent aIs of First Aid Printed on linen·lined cards, 31 In. X s! in, Third Edition. 6d. ne I erch postage 2d extra.

AlolI TO MEMORY FOR FIRST AID IITUoENTS AND NURSES VB~NON NBWTON. M.~.~ . •• (BDi' ). 9d. net. Pest JOHN

BilLE,

SONS

DANIELSSON.

83-91 , Great Titchfieid Street London

Ltd.

W.l.

Hobson & Sons (London) Ltd.),

Who/e"./e WI.ker" 01

Manufacturer8 of Uniform8, Headdre88e8, Accoutrement8 for

MEDALS, BADGES

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. SPECIAL OPFER of All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed TROUSERSPrivates- 13/9 per pair. LIMITED

QUANTITY

ONLY.

Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I. Phone-Hop 0680 & 7065.

AND

TROPHIES

No. 463.-VOL. XXXIX.

SURCICAL

EQUIPMENT.

.. STERAID ' (Regd.) series ot absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dressings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers only the quantity of gauze or lint required; atter cutting this off, rotate the Container in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from exposure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded tke Certificate ot tke Institute ot Hygime.) All Dressings are of GUARANTEED BRITISH MANU FAOTURE.

"SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for recelv~ng soiled dressings, Eanitary towel.s, etc.. Co~structe9 for affix~ng In any convenient corner, proVIded with Hmged Lid and Spnng Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing sprinj!, without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. .. ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST-AID and SURGICAL EQUIP MENT, &c. Complying with Home Office RequirementE. SEND FOR PRICS: LISTS:-

BAILEY & SON, Ltd.

MARRIOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT ard at 137. Sentinel House. Southampton Row. London. W.e.l.

JANUARY, 1933.

Entered at ] [ Stationers' Hall

PQICE THREEPENCE

[3/6 PER ANNUM. POST FRR~

&ultable tor II

FIRST AID n AND

AMBULANCE 80CIETIE8.

No. ']']-

Bronze, 3/-; Sliver, .. /6; Sliver, Gold Centre, 6/9.

O"iginal Designs and QuotatIOns post free.

Whollaale Prlcla to all II FIRST AID" SOCIETI EI.

London Sbowroom-

62,

HOLBORN

NOTICE

CORP8

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL.

VIADUCT.

READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the :lotb of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3S. 6d. post free: single copies 3 d . Its aim and Object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its br"lr)che<;, the Editor invites Readers to send ArtIcles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers. All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at the add ress below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accorn panied (not necusar£l" tor j>ubticatiM) by the n:.l.me ani! arid ress of the Corresponrlent. Sub~criptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected 'n ilh FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 4 6 , CANNO STRKRT, LONDON, E.C.4. 7 ele~ra/,Iz.ic Address - "TwentY-lOur, London." 7 elepholtt!- Cemral I p I .

E.C.

Telaphone- 0840 City.

North of England Office: 22, YORK PLAOE, LEEDS.

~OBE~T

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

Contractors to H.M. Ministry of Munitions. Russian Government. &c.

ADDRESS-

FIRST AID

J. AI WYLIE & CO ••

CONTENTS

THIS

NUMBER.

EDITORIAL-

ASEPTO BANDACE COMPANY, 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4.

Berope pupchasing youP supplies or

SURGICAL DRESSINGS, FIRST AID APPLIANOES, BANDAGES, etc., Ask us ror a quotationYOU WILL SAVE MONEY.

Best

Quality - Quick Delivery Lowest Prices. Sole Agents for the well-known

ASEPTO

INSTANTANEOUS BANDAGE. THE PERFECT STERILISED DRESSING, SAVES

TIME

Prin~ed and t'ublishe<.l by DALE, RKyro,OLDS & Co., Ltd., 46, Cannon-street, L on d on, EC . .4

WHEN

SECONDS

COUNT.

to whom all communications should be I addressed. 7elegrams--"Twenty-tour, London." Telepko,,:e- mIra I4 2I • M srs W H Smith and SOD S. To be had of all Newsllgents, Booksellers and Bookstalls u the TJuitp.d Kingdom and at all Railway Bookstalls of es . •

Scheme for Air .\mbulance Detachments 165 St. J ohn :-\mbul,lnce A ociation ... 166 The Treatment of Burns in Out-Patients with Reinforced Tannic :\cid Ore ing.... 166 oap as a Disinfectant 168 Lecture in Elementary Anatomy ... 169 S.}. A. Brigade District Reports 170 Fir t Aid Competition 173 Priory for Wales 175 Common ~listake in First Aid 176 Railway Ambulance Ne\vs 177 The King's Fund \liniature Ho pital 178 Police Ambulance News '" 179 The Royal Life Saving Society 180 Gas Poi oning- ... 181 Letter to the Editor 182 Some Poin t to be Con idered in Performing Artifici~j Respiration j 83 Serious Factors in Highway Fir t Aid 184 Jumbled Bones... 185 Our Nur es' Pages 187 The National Safety-First Association 188 QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTSFractured Humerus and Palmar Bleeding 190 Examination Howler 190 Bandage for Feet with Fractured Thigh 190 Dangers of Smelling Salts 190 Carron Oil for Burns... 190 Catechism of Home Nursing... 190 Treatment of Bites of Rabid Animals j 90 Devonshire Colic 19j Causes of Palpitation 191 Legal Queries 191 Review 191

EDITORIAL. IN the January issue of the SCHE~[E FOR British Red Cross Quarterly AIR Revz"e1.v, particu lars are given of A.\1BULAXCE a new sphere of work, the object DETACH~IE:\TTS. of which is to train and provide personnel capable of transporting sick and injured persons by air, and to supply a Reserve, if required, in times of emergency. Men and women who undertake Air Ambulance Service will be organised in Detachments of the B.R.C.S., and these will eventually be formed into counties. Detachments may consist of men, or of men and women, and the establishment will be one commandant, three pilots, two ground engineers, two mechanics and one clerk. A Detachment may, however, be registered when one commandant, one pilot, one ground engineer, and one mechanic have been enrolled. Every member must hold a first aid certificate, and all members will be thoroughly trained as stretcher bearers. Further, pilots must hold a "B" licence issued by the Secretary of State for Air, and ground engineers must hold a ground engineer's licence issued by the same authority. In addition to a " B " licence, the Commandant of a Detachment should hold a navigator's second class licence. Proof of competency required in flying in the inspection, etc., of aircraft will consist of the personnel having passed the respective tests examinations prescribed in the Air Navigation Regulations. Such is briefly the scheme, and one which we feel will interest many flying clubs and others interested in aviation.

l66

FIRST

St. john J\mbulance J\ssociation. PLY~[OUTlI. - Towards the c10 e of last year the St. John Ambulance Association at Plymouth lost by death two of its highly esteemed officers~Ir. J. H. Beckl)', J.P. (Chairman) and I\Ir. A. Tyler (Central Transport Officer). ~Ir. John Henry Beckly, J.P., fir t took an interest in ambulance work in 1912, when he was invited to subscribe to a modest effort to provide the youths at the George-street Sunday Schoo.l, Plymouth, the originators of the ~it)"s public ambulance service with a hand Ittter. The financial aid he thus gave was but the beginning of many years increasing devotio~1 and great aenerosity to the cause. VJ hen, 111 19 t 7, the ~ppeal was launched for the first motor an:bulance ~Ir. Beckl), took a leading part. As c;halrman. of the Service, he devoted himself to hIS task with singular zeal, and when he saw that the w~rk. of Plymouth and District Centre of the AssocIation was well established, in 192-+, he played a prominent part in the development of the Devon Coun ty Centre from the purely local effort. There are now about 30 Association Section Committees in Devon. ~Ir. Beckly, by his liberality and inOuence, was a tower of strength to the work of the Association in the \Vest. \Vhen the Plymouth City Police ambulance competition work was instituted he gave a handsome silver cup for the winning team. ;\lrs. Beckly nobly seconded her husband's efforts .. She holds office in the St. John Ambulance Bngade and has presented a cup to encourage County Nursing proficiency. In 1925 I\I r. Beckly w~s appointed an Hon. Associate of the Order, and In 1926 he became an Officer. N.C.O.s of the St. John Ambulance Brigade were be.::trers at the funeral and a parade representing all ranks paid a last tribute as the coffin was carried into the King-street Wesleyan Church, Ply mouth, where Mr. Beckly had been a devoted office,...bearer for about 50 years. Mr. Albert Tyler died as a result of an accident sustained whilst on duty. As th~ first wholetime officer of the Plymonth Ambulance Service .h e has been associated with its development from the days of a hand litter, when the members pledged th_e msel ves, by small sU!TIs weekly, to raise a wage so as to enable M r. Tyler to. be of -service when their business prevented them helping. .He- held ' the Tank .nf .Transport Dfficer in .the· Plymouth C~rttral _ Di.:.vision, _ ~vhere-:.· he was much esteemed. _ The funeral was with full Br:igad.e hOt;)ours: and was attended Dy-the - County CommIssioner, County Officer T. Perkins, Lady County Officer Mrs. Balsdon and other Staff Officers together

A I D .

January , 1933.

with a large representation of Ply:oo.uth A~~)lJ lance and N ursin a Divisions . AssocIation 0[11 lals a lso attended, and at the Salisbury-road Baptist hu rch a large congregation assem bled. Included in the corte a were not only ambulance personnel but llniforJll~d policemen and ilrcmen under SupL. \\T. 11. !\fead or the Plymouth ity Police.

The Treatment of Burns in Out- Patients w ith Reinforced Tannic Acid Dress ings '*' By J. II. HU0lT, P.~1.0XF., and P. G. S OTT, B.CllllCCt\\IB . , /loztft! SIlI:iicOIIS, ,)'/. lJarl!IO!O/l/('l("S l/IJsj>ill1I.

(CuJ/dlfded (rolll PtlKt 15/)·

(c) Ti.lllllZ·C ..clcid z'/I 7wtl.er rc"JljurcL'd OJl the third day, 70tHz co!!od'-oll_-\Vlthout an cll.',L' thcric, the skin around the burn was cleaned \\ ILh Spirit, avoiding the raw area, hliste,~s cut a\\'a):, and the burn itself carefully painted wIth a fre~h ,J reI' ~ent. solution of tannic ac id in water (gro..,. :20.0[ lbc powder-a leve I tcaspoon f ul to an ou.n~c 01 wa:lll water). Thi u ually caused no additional pall." in fact, when coagulation commenced, ",hal l~alt1 there was disappeared j if, by chance, the patlcnt did complain, a weakcr solution \\ a'> used. at the beginning. \\Tben a \~' hitc coa~ulum lormed gauze ::,oaked in the. so lul1~n was laId (~\'er thc, hu.rt~ and a bandage applied. . ~ ext da)' th gauze \\ as moistened with the solutIon and carefully rCmO\'cl~, but where the lowest laycr \\ as flrmlyadh.crcllt It was left in position. ~rore of the solut,1011 was then painted on and a llowed to. dry bclore thc dressing \Va" replaced. On th~ tl:lrd or fourth (~a)' the crust was reinforced by palnltng on collodion mixed with an equal part of tallnic acid in eth~r; if the crust was not dry this was sometimes pai~1ful. On the fifth day this was repeated, an~ 111 about a fortnight thc crust peeled off. If a ,Plece of the crust was separated, as happcned not !nfreq uently even when g~eat ca~e was taken, we covered the small raw area With a SIngle layer of gauze and painted it over wit~ the. collod ion m ~tu reo We believe thiS thIrd method ,wlll be found to have the widest application .. No ancesthetic is needed, little pain is felt, and It has all the aqvantagEs of the tannic acid treatment of- severe burns in the wards. By suspending the use of t~~ 'water ~jolution on the thfttl day, and by strengtheOl~g the

* Reprinted, by kind permission, from The La1:cef. .A full report and summary of the treatment being publJshed 10 the issue dated October 8th, 1932.

Jan uar)"

1933.

FIRST

crust with collodion, the chance of the affected area becoming moist when covered with a dressing is considerably diminished. To what this effect is due is an interesting problem. When the crust is covered with co\lodiJn evaporation is diminished, and one would expect more softening than before. III our cases the opposite has occurred, which leaves one to dou ht whether evaporati'Jn from the surface is as im portan t a factor as was at on e ti m e thought. A mild d gree of sepsis arising from the edge of the crust wbere it is rubbed by a dressing and in contact with skin which cannot bequitesterile may perhaps be the sole cau e of this softening. \Vhen a layer of collodion is added to the crust itself and the kin around it, more protection i afforded at the e Ige , the uressing slides more easily over its surfacc, mcchanical damage to the crust is less lik I)' to occur, and organisms are thus unable to gain a hold. For the treatmcnt of small burns at home thc collodion can he omitted, and it is only necessary to cuta\\ay thc blister,> with a clean pair of scissors, to arply a dres ing soaked \\ ith tannic acid in \\ater, and to hange this daily for the first few days. The moist dres ing may be chang d for a cln' onc on the second clay if all the raw area is co~'cr\.:d by a crust; if a piece of the cru t is torn off by aC'idcnt a moist tannic acid dressing may h:t\'e to 11' replaced for 2+ hours. }\nI)11IO:\.\L

l)~'" [l)ER.\ T [0 .'\' S.

1. Tn til '\ first-md tr(,lltmenl of burns and <,calds, it ~eclllo.., probable that much benefit might n.:sult if aqucou<, tannic acid (5 per cent.) were used ill en~ry casco The only materials necded would he a small I-ac ket of powder (g- rs. 20), from which a fre 11 solution i p,-epared with the greatest ease at III lll c nt's notice, and a strip of clean gauze. Pain would be relieved, th formation of a coagulum en ured without dela\' , and the chances of ,e psis reduced. . The use of oily substances as first-aid treatment is to be deprecated, hecau e the" have to be cl ailed away under an an,csthetic before tannic acid is appli d. It is said that they interfere with subsequent tannic aciLi tl-eatment, but in our eries carron oil, butter, liquid paraFfin, and machine oil were used by different patients before they came to hospital, and in every case, after thorough cleansing (under anccthesia) with cther, in which these oily substances are soluble, the tannic acid formed a satisfactory coagul um . 2. Delay between the acczdeJlt alld C07llmencement of treatment is said to influence adversely the action of tannic acid, but in our eries this factor has not been prom inen t; after delays of three to nine days the burns aTe always infected, but with trlOrough cleansing under general ancesthesia, and t~e usc of tannic acid, many painful dressings have been eliminated and healing has been rapid.

A 10.

167

3. The degree of the burn or scald is a factor of great importance. First degree burns-showi ng only redness of the skin, using Dupuytren's classification-may need no special dressing. Burns of the second degree, when a blister is formed without involving the dermis, or of the third degree, with partial destruction of the dermis leaving the hair follicles intact- the commonest types of b·..:rns and scalds-an y one of the methods here described may be used, the last being most often suitable. Those of the fourth degree, with the whole dermis destroyed, may be treated in the same way if small enough to be dealt with in the outpatient department; but in this case treatment is prolonged because a granulating surface is left w hE n the crust comes off at the end of two or three weeks, and this has to be covered in cOurse of time by epithelium growing from its edge. 4. Local ana?sthesz'a was employed in nine cases, all small burns, 4 X 3 in. in diameter. Four per cent. novocain was either injected into the blister, painted on the raw surface, or infiltrated around the burns. It was useful in old persons. and when general ancethesia was refused 'w hen small burns were very dirty and needed thorough cleansing. 5, A scrZlbbzng brus/z is often recommended for clean i ng up the burned area. \Ve used one in our earliet cases but have since gi\'en it up, as we found to our surprise that those cases healed the quickest which were treated under local ancesthesia, when no scrubbing brush had been used in consideration for the feelings of the patient. ~1 uch bleed ing, such as follows vigorous scru bbing, tends to raise the coagulum above the surface of the burn with the collection of fluid between the two. 6 . It is important that a fresh soil/han of tannic acid in water should be made up every time it is required, as reduction to gallic acid occurs after a few days. 7. Soll/t7'olls stronger t/zall 5 per cenl. are aid to irritate the skin and even to cause sloughing ill delicate tissues. \Ve find that a 5 per cent. solution has no injurious effect on the burn itself or on the skin round it. 8. ' Ve now use a soft camel-Izair brllsh ~ -in. wide instead of a spray. If bleeding or serious exudation be free and a spray is used, it is the surface of the blood or serum which is coagulated and fluid collects beneath. , ,yith a brush such exudates are w iped away, allowing the tannic acid direct access to the surface of the burn. One brush lasts a long while~ e.g . , we ha,-e used only two for all our cases and both remain in good condition. After use they are cleaned in ether soap and boiled, stored dry, and before use boiled again. \ Vlth burns and scalds of the face, the eyes and nostrils have to be carefully protected

FIRST

168

from tannic acid, and a brush is found to be more convenien t than a spray. 9. Adequate splinNng is almost invariably needed for burns involving hands, elbows and ankles. A plaster-oF-Paris bandage, folded on itself to form a " slab" and fixed with a bandage, is easily applied to limbs of any size and shape. 10. A great deal of the success of treatment depends on the care with which the second dresst1lg is done. With the larger burns half an hour or more m<1.y be required to remove the gauze, layer by layer, and even thread by thread, when it sticks to the crust. If handling be rough, this crust may be pul1ed right off in places, and every precaution should be taken to avoid this. Rather than run this risk, it is often better to leave the lowest layer of gauze in p,)sition and to treat it thereafter as part of the crust.

A 10.

January, 19.3.3.

plays but little part, and that the softening is nearly 3.lways due to sepsis following mechanical damage, from the rubbing of a dressing. The effect of reinforcement is entirely mechanical. The strengthening is most essential at the edge of the crust where it is in contact witb skins and its organisms; here it is that separation first occurs from the friction of dressings and oraanisms first gain a hold. The agents used for reinforcing the crust all help to prevent this separation at the edge. and it is to this, we believe, the beneficial effect of reinforcement is due. Our thanks are due to Prof. G. E. Gask and Sir Charles Gordon-Watson for perm ission to publish these cases, and to the sisters and nurses in the surgery of St. Ba.tholomew's Hospital for their help.

SUi\ll\[ARY.

In this series of 63 consecutive cases a modication of the recognised tannic acid method has been used for the out-patient treatment of burns and scalds. If the crust formed by the recognised method is covered with a dressing and bandage it tends to soften, become septic, and detached. The difficult~{ has been overcome in this series of cases by reinforcement of the crust, eIther with a thin layer of gauze, gauze and collodion, or collodion alone. The results have been very encouraging, especially in those burns of the face and han is, which often give so much trouble. Details of the three methods are given. I n the majority of second and third degree burns the method of choice, and one that red uces pain and sepsis to a minimum, is to paint the burned area with a 5 per cent. solution of tannic acid in water, and apply a dressing soaked in the sam e sol u tion. No ancesthetic is required. Next day when the dressing is removed, the burn will be found covered with a thin brown crust, and the dre:,sing is repeated. On the third and fourth day the crust is reinforced with collodion. The surface then remains hard and dry, and the crust separates towards the end of the second week, exposing the new epithelium which has grown beneath it. For the first-aid treatment of all burns and scalds a plea is made for the use of dressings soaked in a 5 per cent. solution of tannic acid in water (grs. 20 of the powder to an ounce of warm water). Vigorous cleaning and scrubbing are avoided, as we find these cia more harm than good. The tannic acid solution is applied with a soft camel-hair brush (i-in. wide) instead of a spray. Softening of an ordinary tannic acid crust, when covered up, is usually thought to be due to diminished evaporation from its surface. This series of cases rather suggests that evaporation

Soap as a

Djsinf~ctant.

IT is common knowledge that oap and water help to wash germs away. But wbat is not aenerally known is that even dilute solutions of soap and water quickly kill most g rms. ~ oap ompar very favourably witb many an tiseptics \\ b ich cost much, smell stil1 more, and are auvertised as th crowning achievements of modern cienc . During the Great War, infected eating utensils were suspected of promoting epidem ics of pneumonia, bronchitis, and other di eas s of the respiratory system. How to sterilise such utensils? Experiments showed that ordinary soap solution (about ~ per cent.) for washing di hes kill th germs responsible for influenza ar.d pneumonia. Experiments with chemically pure soap and with different commercial soaps how that it doe not matter what particular brand of soap is used; they are all powerful germicides. It is not, therefore, necessary to buy a special, costly brand of soap in order to secure a good antiseptic. The concentration of soap in ordi nary th ick lather used in washing the hands is about 1 in 12. Only one tenth of this concentration is strong enough to kill germs. The germs that quickly die in soap and water include those responsible for syphilis, gonorrhcea, diphtheria, pneumonia, influenza, meningitis. Typhoid bacilli are much more resistant. Time as every ambulance worker knows is often a vital factor in fighting disease. And the house wife who bestirs herself with soap, scrubbing brush and pail of water instead of waiting with folded arms for the official disinfector, will have killed a goodly proportion of dangerous germs before he arrives, "THE PLUMBER « JOU~NAL OF HEATlNr ,If montbly) Is THB paoer for all pro~ressive trao .... men PublisblD~ Office: ttl. Cannon !'tr_t E.c.~.

18.

January, L933 .

FIR S T

A I D.

169

------------------------------------------------------------------------Lectures in Elementary Anatomy,'!l' By A DOCTOR. TITE CIRCULATORY SYSTE:\1.

and nerves which supply the upper extremity . The axillary space or arm-pit contains the axi Ilary blood vessseis and nerves. The AxiLlan' Artery is the continuation of the ubclavian \vhich arises from the arch of the aorta on the left side. The right subclavian arises from the innominate artery. The axillary artery commences at the outer border of the first rib and ends at the lower border of the tendon of the teres major muscle, beyond this it is continued as the brachial artery . Tlz.e Braclzz'al Artel), runs straight down the arm and enc.ls a little below the elbow by dividing into the radial and ulnar arterie . The Radz'al Artery passes along the front of the forearm on the outer sid as far as the wrist. Tile Cinar rIrIe!')' runs along the front of the forearm on the inner side of the wrist. Both these arteri divide, forming arterial arches which supply th hand anc.l (j ive off branches called the digital art rie ' which supply the fingers. Th chief nerves which supply the arm are c.l rived from the bra hial plexu which is formed by the jun lion of th anterior divisions of the lower four cervical nerves (5, 6, i, 8) and the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve. It extenc.ls from the lower part of the side of the neck t the axi Ila. The branches of the brach ial plexus are arranged in t\Vo groups, viz., those given off above the clavicle and those belo\\'. The most important of the supraeclavicular branches is the phrenic nerve which is a branch of the fourth cervical and al 0 receives branches from the third and fifth. The phrenic nerve passes in front of the subclavian artery, it enters the thorax and descends vertically in front of the root of the lung and supplies the diaphragm. The Brachial Plexlls.-The fifth and sixth cervical nerves unite to form the upper trunk. The lIfzddle Trunk is formed by the seventh cervical nerve which runs alone. The Lower Trunk is formed by the junction of the eigb th cervical and the first thoracic. As the nerves pass behind the clavicle they split into anterior and posterior divisions. The Lateral Cord is formed by the junction of the anterior division of the upper and middle tru n ks. ARTERIES

* Reprinted by court~~y of tht; Irish .Nursing and Hosp£tal World.

The Medtal Cord is formed by the anterior division of the lower trunk. The Posterior Cord is formed by the junction of the posterior divisions of the three trunks. The chief nerves which supply the arm are the median which comes from the lateral and medial cords, the ulnar which comes from the medial cord, the axillary and the radial which come from the posterior cord. The medial nerve supplies the thumb, the first, second and half of the ring finger; aiso the palm corresponding to these. The ulnar supplies the other half of the ring finger and the little finger; also the palm and the back of the hand corresponding to these. The radial nerve supplies the remainder of the back of the hand and the backs of the fingers as far as the distal joints. THE THORAX.

The thoracic cavity is bounded by the dorsal vertebrce, the ribs and the sternum, and is separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm. The ribs articulate with the dorsal vertebrce behind and in front with the sternum. They protect the thoracic organs and assist in respiration. The ribs run from behind downwards and forwards, a small tubercle on the head of each rib articulates with the transverse process of the corresponding thoracic vertebra. In front the ribs articulate with the sternum by means of costal cartilages giving a certain amount of elasticity assisted by the intercostal muscles which are attached to eal:h pair of ribs. The Dz'aplzra,?m is a dome-shaped musculofibrous structure which separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity. Its convex upper surface forms the flood of the former and its concave under surface forms the roof of the latter; its muscular fibres are attached to the inneJ surface of the thoracic wall. The central part is tendinous. In this there are three large openings through which pass the aorta, the oesophagus, and the inferior vena cava. Beside these there are a number of small openings. The Thorax contains the trachea or wind pipe, the lungs, the heart, with its great vessels, and the resophagus. TILe Trachea divides into right and left branches. One passes into each lung. These divide and subdivide in the lung substance and terminate in alveoli or air cells. The Pleura is a closed sac surrounding the lung; the inner layer is closely attached to the lung while the outer layer is firmly attached to the chest wall. The Perz"cardz'u77Z is a membranous sac which encloses the heart. Its inner layer is closely adherent to the surface of the heart, whilst the outer layer surronds the heart loosely.

FIRST

170

7/ze

Brzg-ade

St.

/ olt1tZ

A I D.

A 1Jzbulancc

Dzst~zct

No I. (Prince of Wales's ) District. 1\0. 85 (BOROUGH OF K\LIXG) DIVlsION.-An el:joyablc e\'cning was recently spent by members and ~\'1ends of the Ko. 85 Diyision at a social held at thc \\ alpolc Hall, Ealing. The company, which numbered about a hundred, heartily supported the opening with community _'inging. which \\'as followed by dancing. Diversions were provided by various competitions and games, \\'hich provoked a good deal of <ll11U ement. . For tho e \\'ho preferrcd card game, the luxl1nol1" IUUllO'e \\'as set apart. Refre hments were tastefully served, and during the interval the 11.C., on behalf of the organiscrs, welcomed the guests, as al 0 did 'upt. \V. J. Dobson. Ptc. B. Goult rcspondcd and expressed the appreciation of the gue t. He also urgcd his fello\\' members to co-operate for the continued succe s of the e efforts. Following the distribution of prizes, ctc., a prcsentation \\'as made to Supt. Dobson a an appreciation of hi co-operation with thc mcn's endcavour.. After returning thanks Supt. Dobson announccd that at the reque t of a gcntleman \\'ho had been im'o lyed ill a street accident, he had been askcd to present a wristlct \\atch to Pte. T. Laiclla\\' for his prompt and dticiellt seryices. LaLer, a surgical operation was perior1l1cd in . hadO\\'graphy and provcd a gn:at stlccess. The function was IJroug'ht to a close hy singing ,\ul<l Lang Syne and the ?\ ational Anthem. . Those \\ho wcrc rcsponsiblc for this social arc t{] 1Jc congratulated on its successful issue, and \\ e hope other such functions \\·i ll also he of a uccessful character.

Xo. 13 (Krxc's CROSS G.KR.) DrnsIOx.-This Division was formed in the year 1893, since whcn it has treatcd no les than 113,080 cases of accident and injury. Its present strength is 113, but on account of thc number of men \\-ho were on railway duty it was not possible to havc thcm all included in thc photograph \\'hich appears in this issuc. Mcmber arc rcgularly in attendancc at four Puhlic Duties as wcll as special ones which arisc from time t() time. The photograph shows Dr. ~. Corbct Fletchcr whcn he was Assistant Commis ioner, in chargc of the Central Area, District-Officcr T. ~IcBricle. and the Supcrintendent of the Division, 1Ir. J. G. Palmer. Promincnce is also given to the Standard of thc Central Area, a flag which has bccn grcatly admired \\'hereyer it ha been displayed. ELTFL\..\r.-The formation of an Ambulance Di\'ision at Eltham lends interest to the accompanying illustration of the old illanor Housc of vVel1 Hall, Eltha111, which \\'c are enabled to reproduce by courlc y of "Thc Times" ncwspapcr, London. This picturesque sixteenth-ccntury building forms (as "The Times" point out) a link with Sir Thomas 1\Iore, IIenry VIII's great Chancellor, for it was hcrc that his daughter Margaret lind with her hushand, \Villiam Roper, the devoted son-in-law of l\fnre.

January, 19.3 3.

Reports.

Thc house itsclf wa pulled dO\n; in the cig-hteenth century, but the moat remains and a range of buildings \\ hich ha\ c hecn boug'ht by the \\'ool\\'ich Borough Council and \\ hich, it is proposcd, should be repa i red for a 1l1USCU111 alld picture gallery a'isociated \\'ith '\[orc'" 11lcmor\'. T}{e 111uch earlier hi"tor\' uf the .\L111Or of \\'l'll IJall 11a" a connection \\ith the O~dl'r oj Sl. Tohn 01" ]crU'iakll1 \\ hich should inclucc special intcrl'sl t;) he lak"l'11 ill thl' inrtl1llL' of the JlC\\ 1\'-101'111('(\ ,\mil'ulancc IJI\ Ision. Ail()ut the year 1100, the ~lal1()r was in lhe 1l0S'iCSS]()11 of ~ir lorclaJl ek Brisct, a \\ calli1\' and pious mall \\ ho \\ as Lord ~)i Ckrkcl1\\·cll. where he j'()llilclul a 1'\ ullllcry. I J l' a itl 1'\\ anls ~·a\'\. thl' Illl11" tell acrLs of hiS land at \\ viI Iiall ill lxchan'ge fill' ll'1l ;tOes at ('krkl,l1\\l,11 1111 \\hil'h \\a , huill the first Pri()r) ()f Ihe Orcin III EIl~lalld. ~'I

January, 19.33 .

FIRST

in and fancy hats, etc., distributce!. Thcrc was a lso a conj tlrcr whose efforts wcrc much apprcciatcd.

No. III. Oistt'ict. BIRMJr-.'GIfAM.-The IIeadquarlers Division of the Birmingham Corps held their second annual dinner at tne Chapel Tavern, Birmingham, on December 17th last. The gathcring was prcsidcd ovcr by Acting Supt. T. Garfield, \\'ho was supportcd by Corps. Supt. F. G. ~ haw; County Officcr Lieut. W. E. Ballard, Mr. E. Elliott, and :\J r. T. Matthews; Col. G. F. Daniclson, D. '.0. ; 'apt. W. Piggou, 1\1.c.; Licut.-Q.1\L A. H. Danicr; Q.1\J. R Turner, R.A.ilr.C.: Divisional Officers, and others. After the loyal toast had becn honoured the toast of the Di\'ision, coupled with thc Corps, was' proposed by County Officcr E. Elliott, who poke of the efficiency and growth of the Di"i ion. crgt. \\'. Rowlcs rcsponded on behalf of the Division, ·crgt. A. v\'. Drcw proposcd thc toa t of "The \ 'i itors," to \\ hich Col. Daniel on rcsponded. Entertainment was prO\' ic1ed after the repast, and the evcnt, \\ hich wa organised by thc Social Secretary, II. ~ hale. proyed a o-reat uccess. The se\'l'l1th anllual children's party, giYcn by the

it came ahout that it \\ as to all EIlha111 llla11 that thl' Knights owed tl1l'ir chid home and headql1arter:; ill En"·land. b It may sccm strangc that \\'ith this history Elthalll 'hould havc bcen for so long' without a Diyiion to rcprc sent it, hut wc happcn to know that thosc rcspOll Ihk for thc formation of the ncw Division havc hael to o\'crcomc many difficulties, and having donc so we hope that the residcnts of Eltham and those \\'ho usc thc largc number of playing-fields in the district will givc the Division cvcry support, both financially and in thc shape of recruits to its membership. Wcckly drills and classes are hcld 011 Tucsday c"ening's, at 13-+, TJi gh Strect, and full particulars can be obtaincd from thc Acting lIon. Sec., ,;\f r. F. \\ '. J udel, -1-9, \Vcndoycr Road, Eltham, S.E.9. On January 7th, Lieut.-Col. F. A. Brooks, Commissioner, entertaincd about 60 childrcn at the District HeadCjuarters. Thesc residcd in thc ncighbourlloocl and greal f11n \\'as C'njoyed. Following' the lea, games were indl1lged

A I D.

171

at the annual dinner of thc IIeadquarters Divisi0n, Northampton Corps. Among those present \\'ere the Mayor (Councillor p, F. Hanafy), Dr. L. W. Drylanci (Commissioner for Northants. and Hunts.), A st. Commissioncr F. Adnitt, 'Mr. II. t. John \-Yood, and '\f r. Pcppino Santangclo. During the evening it was announced that Di\'. Supt. VV. E. Edwards would shortly takc up the post of Corps Supt., and Amb. Officer A. Lloyd would succeed him as Diy. Supt. of the Headquarters Division. County Officer W. H, Pcrcival proposed the toast of " Headquarters Division," in reply to which Supt. \V. E, Glover stated that the membership was now 96 officers and men and 27 cadets. During cleven months ended 1\ oyember 30th the motor am hulances in 1\ orthampton travelled 11,629 miles and moycd 2) -3 patients, The members continued to giye valuable assistancc to junnile organisations in providing first aid training. and appreciated the willing and cfficient sen'ice of all in carrying out their varied dutie . County Commissioner Dryland and Councillor Hanaf), responded to thc toasts of ., The ~Iedical Profession" and" The Visitors" rc pcctively. The health of the Chairman was proposed by Amb. Officer W. J. Ricks, and Dr. Shaw suitably replied, expressing appreciation of the happy pirit existin o' in the Division.

No, 13 (King's Cross, G. I . R. ) Di\'ision.

X .. O.'s Club of thc Birmingham Corps, \ya held on January 7th, and wa the large t yct held. evered officcrs \\'ere present, including Col. J. B. T. Ford, D.L. (A' ' I. ounty C0111mis iOllcr) and Lady District-Officer Ir . Porter, M.B.E. Col. Ford, in a brief specch, appealed to thc adults pre ent to carryon thc good work. lIc hoped thc little guests would follow ill thcir parenls' foot teps by joining the Brigade when thc time arrives. Games, ctc., were followed by an entertainmcnt arranged by Sergt. Lowe, the han. sec r etary of the Club. Father Christmas (Amb. Officer Hoopcr) made Iii customary visit and pre ented each child with a o·ift. A very happy evcning terminated with the ll1g11lg of the Nationa l Anthem. NORTIL\MPTON.-Div. S ur gcon Dr. Eric Shaw presided

n enjoyable programme wa o'iye n by the Diyision Bane!, and :\Ic rs. A kc\\'. \Yalkc r 2nd Denton.

No , IV. ( Lnr1Ca~ hire) District An area conference of Officers of the Ambu!ance and Nursing Division of the No, -+ (Lanca hire) District was held in the Mayor' Reception Room, Town H al l, \ Vigan, on December 21st la t, when the ::\Iayor of \\'iO'an (Councill o r \ \!. Atherton) welcomcd the delegates. Commissioner \V. G. Smith, O.B.E., presidcd . and among those present ,,'ere District Officer and ecretar), J. H. CIeal, S.B. (Preston), Capt. A. F. Nimmo, I\1.B .. Ch .B. (\Vigan), Corps Supt. \Villi am (\Varrington). Corps Supt. H. Potter (\ Vio'an), and Corps Sccretary \\", T. Bolton. The Deputy-Mayor of \Vigan, Councillor T. mith. was also prcscnt l and thc conference \\'as al 0 attended b>' repre-

_) 1I ~

FIRST

entatives from Haydock, Hindley, ,t. lIelens, Standish, \~Tarrington, l\Ies r~. Cro field'" Ltd., FarlC'.tO\\ll, ,Varrington, L.1I. ., vVlgan, Ince and Orrell. . In welcominO' the deleo'ates the Mayor s;ut1 the) \\ ere performing in th~ count~-y generally ~ \'c;Y useful sen-icc: and they ,,-ere performlllg that serVIce 111 all manner ot things, in industry, sport, and everyday Ide. Proposing a vote of thanks to ~he ;,[ayc:>r and Deputy1aror for their pre_ence, the <;=hamnan sald thcy ",anted to say how greatly they appreclated theIr presence at that little informal conference, and they were honoured to h'.l\'e the ~Iayor of \Vio'an with them. He had just been tellIng the Mayor that \Yigan mu t he the fourt.h or fifth oldest unit of the BriO'ade in existence. The BrIgade ",as estal)lished between'" 1878 and 1880, and the first unit was established in the South. Lancashire came next, and amongst those well in the front was .\Vigan. .\Yigan hael grown very greatly, and he felt ure It ,,·as g0lllg to grow very much more. The vote was seconded by 11r. Bolton. Councillor Smith, responding. said they as a Corporation \",-anted to encourage all their employees to take part in the work. They knew the good ,,-ark the Ambulance corps had always done in the town and they hacl always appreciated it.

No . V. Oistrict. HA)''LEY.-The annual competltlOn bet\\ een team _ cho en by Divisions in the Hanley and District Corps for the "\VellinO'ton" Cup which \yas presented by the Rev. M. Tron, ~1.C. (a former Vicar of St. Luke's, Hanley) and the Churchwardens, took place in the St. Luke's School room, Hanley. Six teams competed., and the competitors were asked to deal with the hypothetical case of a r~feree of a fo.otball match falling apparently unconsclOUS, he haY~ng previously hac! to rush to the ground and haye a hurned lunch. County Surgeon Dr. R. H. Read judged the team tests, and for the indi\'ic1ual tests Corps Surgeon Dr. Inman and Dr. Zinck, of Wolstanton, were the judges. The competition ,,,as "ery keenly contested, as \yill be seen from the following results : 1, Shelton" A " 279 points (maximum 300); 2, Hank} " A" 277; 3, Shelton "c" 276: 4, Shelton "B" 2()}; 5 Hanley" B " 228; 6, Burslem 209. , The first and second teams will represent the Corps in the Area Competition to be held in Hanley High School in February next. Four competitors tied for a prize giyen by Corps Supt. Cumberbatch which; after a subsequent test, was awarded to Pte. A. Roberts. JOTTINGHML-A representative gathering of Officers and members of the Ambulance and Nursing Diyisions of the Nottingham Corps was held at Huntingdon Street Schools, the Headquarters of the Robin Hood. Division, on December 21st last, when the presentahon of a Bookcase-Secretaire, subscribed to by. the Officers and members of the Corps, was made to Mr. and Mrs. H. C. Ratcliff, the late Corps Secretaries, who recently resigned. The chair was occupied by Corps Officer (Reserve) A. W. Latimer, who briefly referred to the valuable services of Mr. and Mrs. Ratcliff, and expressed the great regret that was felt, both personally and amongst the Ambulance and Nursing Diyisions, at the loss sustained by the Corps owing to these resignations. This was seconded on behalf of the Tursing Divisions by Lady Div. Supt. Miss L. Oldfield (City Division). The presentation was made by Div. Supt. F. \i'\filson Moulds (Robin Hood Division) who, in his usual inimit-

A I D.

1an uary, 1933.

lanUM.\', 19 33.

able manner, recorded his regrets and endorsed the re~ marks of the previous speakers. Mr. and 1\Irs. Ratcliff, in responding, expressed their thanks and great appreciation of the spirit which promoted the presentatio1l, and the incere regret with which the) had found it necessary to resign from t hc Corps, but hoped that all Divisions would carryon with greater success and prosperity in the future. 11r. Ratcliff, \\ho was a most popular Officer with all ranks, held thc posItion of Corps Secretary from 192-1- to October, 1932, prcyious to which he \\as upcrintendl'llt of the Robin Hood Division for a consIderable time. The appointment of Mrs. Ratcliff to the position of Lady Corp~ Secretary was made in 1927, and was terminated hy her rcsignation in October last. . Apologies for abscnce were received fro111 Lady District Officer ~Iiss \V. Gibson and Lady Corps upt. :\Irs. Paling (Nottingham Corps).

No. V II. District. SIIRF:WSBURY.-The annual competltlOl1S of the :\0. 7 District, \H're held in Belmont Hall, Shn:w btl\') Seyen teams took part, thrce from :;h re\\' bur), two fro111 Hereford, one from Ludlow, and one from Oah'ngates. The judges were Captain Henton \Vhitc (C1)111111i sionel' for the Birmingham Di trict) , and Dr. alt, of Chirk (Commissioner for the Denbighshire District). The District Challenge Cup \Va" won hy Ser~·t. Lloyd's Shrewsbury team. with 3-1-0 poin.t<; out of a po!' sible -1-93. The runners-up, who won the" Curcton Cup," were Amb. Officer 13\111ock' team from IIereford, with 33H points. Sergt. Price's Shrewshury team third with 318 points. The winning team \Yill represent the Di . tricl in tlll c. Dewar" 1933 Competitions. Amb. Officer S. Ed\\ards organi "cd the competitJulb. ,,,hich were carried out under the direction of Dr. R. L. E. Downer ( hre\ysbury). The ~Iayor of Shrews bury (~Ir. R. ~Ianscll) presented the prizes to the \\'innin~ teams, and said how pleased he was to know that till \\"ork was entirely voluntary. He hoped that by this tinll next year they in Shrewshury \vot1ld be equipped v,;ith all ambulance worthy of the efforts they were makin rr . IJ ~ ,vent on to say that the local brigad-e hac! al ready rai cd about £200 towards the obj ect: and they could depend upon his whole-hearted support in the flag clay which they \"ere holding in Shrewsbury in the near future_ Dr. Henton \Vhite and Dr. Salt said how pleased they were with the way their questions han been answered. and how well the tests had been done. Dr. Downer proposed a \'ote of thanks to the Mayor for attending, to the judges, and all who had helpcd tn make the competitions a success.

No. IX. District. EXETER. - The annual report for 1932 of the City of Exeter Ambulance Division states that the numerical strength is 50. Dr. Lovely. M. D., gave a course of Home ursing Lectures, and no less than 22 hold Home N ur 'ing CertiF.cates. In addition to regular attendance at sports gatherings, football matches, regatta, carnival, race meetings, etc., members attended all fires thac occurred in the city, and stood by all day with both ambulances ready, on the occasion of the mutiny at Princetown Prison. A great honour has come to the Division through the award to Supt. Bowden ("who has been a member !:oince its inception, of the Exeter Division in 1901) of the decoration of Officer of the Order of St. John. As to personnel, grcat regret has been occassioned by the resignation of Dr. Lovely. 1\1.D., after 11 years invalu-

FI R S T

ahle ~eJ'\ ' icL' as ...;urgeoll. The Di\ ision has been forlunate in S(,CU~"111!;:' it..; IllS ... UCCl· ... "OI. Dr. Rit hard Grn,', l >r. Prcece tl1ilIIllUlllg as till' other surgeon. . . DUling thL' _leal' thl' <llllhulalll'l:'" 11;t\'c tra\"el/cd K,O-H mlks,. ami. ha\~' I1lmecl1,SIlX paliellh. I I rUtlll Illl'lllhcrs ha\ c p!al'"u tIH:lllsehe ... at the: di"'posal Of the Royal l?el'on ;lnd Exeter Bm;pital for blood transfu"'1.011 ; and dUrtn~ 1932, Pri"ates Pinn and IIalllnlL'tl gave a plllt ()f blood l' [Iell, and Pri, ate T\\'itehett a pint for a patient at EXlllollth.

No. X.

D i ~ tr ic l .

I )EI>II \'\f. Thl Dedham Sectioll of the olchestcr I!I\ i.io1l I.wld a llH1S1 enjo) ahle- whi"t drivc and dance 011 /'oxlJ1g \I;..:ht JII thl' ITt'witt :'Ifl'lIl!1rial Hall. Dedham . \111<'rt' ,I hrgc l'IJl1lpall\' a .· sl'mhled. _ Th.c prizL" \\ l 1'(, l;rcSl'n[( d h) '\f rc.;. Braille IIartnell. W1Il 01 l>r. _HralJll Hartnell. Slrg-l. _\. J. Barrell, officer 111 chargl: oj tIll .'ectl()l1. inlrociuced ~rrs. IIartnell a11d ;thll prc"l11tul III I \\ Ith a bOllquet of \\'hite chrysanthemUlllS. The prCll"~'l'd wert' dc'roted tn thl Sectional FUlld..;. . . ~o~n\- /( fl.

The 111 \\' sl:llldard oi .the Xor\\-ich Corp,; l,lIl!lll) (kdJcated at the Illl1rnlllg- _Lr\'ice In ~'. ,\Iar) :-. l hllrch. l\ttkhorClw.,:·h. h~, tIll' flu. F. II. Smith ( I~l' ctor). Sll!JL. . :Clltt \\ a:- ill l'o11ll1l:tnc1 of thl. parade which ill1'llICkd t'lllltl11g-l'lll:- Iro m the ~ "('r\\'irh /)ivi . ions in addItion \\ , to.,

If , j\ltkh(lrllu~h.

\ "i_ ·tillg.. OCt11 l r Included ))1\-. . l1pl. S. IIarper lIly 1)1\ 1"}(Jnl. Lac1~ :-;llPl. :\f L. Carter ( . (IJ'\~ 11'!1 • · m~IJ.lg /)i\·isioJ11. .\mll. Ofiiccr C. Farrant ,( !,ails (Ill" 1)1\ l"lrlll)' and ( (liPS '-crc:t.-:'I[aior II. :;taff. I Ill' IlTcca:-I."1l 'l' rn' <! tIll' dual jlurpose oj the cledication of l l!l' :'\ 11'\\ 11'11 ~'nrp:- ,,' nd.trd and thl: official recognition ti t tllt' JI(.' \\ I~ Illrllll'C _\1 kh()rIlw..,h Di\' isiol1. Header] h\' Ihl' . \ttIeII(JrrJl'~" h S; h .Ill! 11 :\rJl1Y hand the procc'ssin;l lIIan:'IH'd to tht' church. the X()r\\'i~'h 11l1rSeS and 1l1t Il prl' . L'Il · I.ll..~ a smart appearanc e III their ulliiorms. _ J!1l' rhl :ch sen' I'l' \\'a-; Clllldllcted Il\' the Rc\. l' ralll'JS II. :--11IJth. a.,,,islt'd h) tIlL' r~CT. E.- ~r. ~Idk l,'ll(IIll'1 LIJrd Illlr), read thl' 1e:-'''()n'' and :'IIr. II. Kin~st()lI jqldd \\ no; at tIll' nr~·an. " .After thl' ~~' n'ice Lord nury addresscd the gathu-in o ' lilll .~I~ll: th~' dllirch alld paid a trihute to Supt. :;cott': ;ll'tJ\'ltJl'~ III COlllll'cllO]] \\ ith the Hri~" acll' in the county, ;111I1.lhanked hlln and the. "orwirh JlIl'll and lIurse for l'fll11JJ1g (lYCr 10 _\ltkhon).ugh lhal day. . The Jlarade then. rdIJl~JlIl'd and J~larched through thl' 11)\\ 11. Lord r.tJry taklllR the s;llllte at the \Var :\fcmnrial. T

( , .!)J"\~ ll'h

T.he \\'o~dstot"k Di\ision, S.].,\. B., hm'c appointet.! a committee to II1\'est ig'lte the means of raising- fund.;; fOI- the purposl' of a nc\\' amhulance. ' '3

•

Ii:=

~n the terlllin(lti~)n of a successful se sion und tl '1 f I S \ er )e c uspl.C'es.o t)C . 1. . ndrew's ,\mbulance [\s ociation the ~Xa!1)lIlatlOn of the Jl1\crkcithlillg RaiLyaymen's first aid cia s took place on Sunday Deceillber l<.?tll . tl le \\'alun"'.. _ " _ ' 0 ,Ill loom at InverkCllhllng Station. 1\'inelcell candidates ~~ ~lld all were sll~cessf~1 in passin~ the tcsfs ill oral. practical <l!~d t.ran.sport first ,lid. Dr. .i\Ienzie (Oakley) was the eXamine!, ane.! cxpre~sed appreCiation of the efficienc) of the members who, he saId, had attained a "ery hio'h standard of knowledge in Ill' t aid \\,orl·~" 11- 1\ . I) • C-· Cll1lerOI1, ~ < • • stat JOnn:as:er, t!lanked ~)r. l\~enzies on behalf of the members for !llS keen IntereSL III theIr org-ani. ation, and for his encoura(~'lllg remarks tn the member. ~

A I lJ.

17~

First Aid Competitions .

THE notification to the effect that the I nter- Railwa \. ambulance competition is to come into line with ot~1er con test~, by adopti ng the i ndependen t patien t, raises the pOint as to the right number of members for an ambulance competition team . Th~ object of .this contribution, however, is not to diSCUSS the right number of members for a team, but to draw attention to certain other features of c?mpet!tion work which seem to call for some consIderatIOn. So~e of the weaknesses of competitIOns as they eXist to-day may be brieAy summarised ;_ . (a) The comp~titors' mi~ds are taxed in trying to vlsu.allse conditIons and Circumstances which do not eXISt. (b) T.he elaborate" card" system in 'which a ,yh?le series of test cards are showered on competitors. . (c) The need for some" standing orders" for all J ~dg.esJ to avoid existing presen t lack of un iformlt)' In methods of adjudicating. (d) 1\ tendency to\Vardscomplicated and catchy tests rather than basin the tests on actual " accident" experience. b \Yhat is wanted is a fresh vie\\-point uninfluenced by preceden t. .The question of better staging (a) has already rpcel ved a good deal of atten tion in FIR "T AIl) and whilst improvements have resulted, there i~ ttll room for more assistance for competitors alonCT these lines_ t"In .the. matter of the test card (b), i.e . , the card which IS handed to the competitors describin CT the" case" with which they have to deal. a remed~ may not be so apparent. The card i admittedl,' a \\'ea~ness, as it is a su.bstitute for a visual repr~ sentatlOn .and or ~ conSCIOus and vocal patient who can explal.11 ~he. hlstor~T, signs and symptoms of his su pposed 1 nJunes . Some attempts have been made on recent occasions, to dispense with these test cards a!toCTether, hy allowing the team to witness the clrcu~ tances of .the "accident" by actual representations or by cinema ser en, and \...-hen adopted these seem to have been altoCTether successful J . Time al1o \\'ed for readin~£; the carel is an~ther po 111 t. Some judges allow th card to be read or~e, two! or three time -some allow so many mlnut~s In which to digest it. Some leave the card In the competitor' hands (often on the " pa f lent ") f or re ference as the treatment proceeds; others take the card a\ya)' as soon as it has been read . This b ri ngs us to point (c). s the treatment (T

FIR S T

174

in a competitIOn proceeds, sooner or later come such questions as "'I Is the patient conscious? " Some judges like this kind of question, some do not, and retort" Ask him or say nothing, and leave the com peti tors to exercise their discretion. Again, some judges want everything done that can be done in the way of treatments, .lS, say, administering smelling salts; others are satisfied if the competitors say" I have given him smelling salts." Competitors would score full marks with certain judges for placing bandages on a patient and calling them hot water bottles; other judges would require the bottles to be called for and used intelligently. And so on through treatment and transport, and in the latter, one judge awards marks when the captain says he would examine his patient en route and /or change bearers. Other judges would give marks only when this was ac tually done. Are marks to be earned for doing z't or saying it 7.CJould be done? Then there is that important question" Exam ination of patient." \Vho should do this, the captain only, or should others of the team participate 7 In what order should the patient be examined? On this important point there seem to be many procedures. Again, certain judges require the captain only to do the questioning. But in a two-injury case, should the captain put questions regarding the second injury with which his fellow members are dealing? The truth is, there is need for light and leading on these and many other points, and it is suggested that some central authority should lay down certain guiding rules for the adjudicators and those responsible for tbe contests. Unsatisfactory as it may sound, the position is to-day so vague that the competitors have to know I ' what to give II to a particular judge, and the team who have had some experience of a judge, naturall y stand a better chance than those without that experience . This brings us to the last point (d) and that, perhaps, is more controversial, but there is a growing opinion that tests to-day are too complicated and too tricky, and that co mpetitors are handicapped by being on the look-out for competition traps, which militates against their best work on a straightforward case . Can we not get some general conditions laid down and approved for all first aid com petitions, so as to aid beth judges and com petitors? Surely such dissatisfaction as exists is an indication of a desi re to render these con tests better than they have been j more realistic, and of greater value to the fine movement of which they can be an integral part. Has there not, in the past, been something like a hard and fast rule for competitions to move II

January, 193.3.

A I D.

a long ruts worn by precedents, and when any new features have been introduced, has there not been a tendency to copy them ad nauseum? Who does not remember the run on cases in which a member of the team sustained injury in addition to the usual" patient "? That idea was copied until it killed itself, like the featuring of the fishmonger's shop (ice) idea of a decade or so ago. The fact is that some of the rut have, in the cour e of years, become so deep that it may be a little difficult to get out of them and see our first aid contests as a real educational part of the grand movement in "which we are all proud to serve, and worthy of its great and g lorioll s tradition . In conclusion, the writer of these few notes would like to make it abundantly cl ar that they are offered in no provocati\'e or cavilling spirit, but in the hope that they may be found helpful and constructive. I t should also be added that no a [tern pt has been made to undertake acorn plete review of first aid competitions as they exist to-day, but rather to indicate a few directions in which these contests may be improved, and which in their turn may suggest others. \N"hilst there may be divergent opinions on certain aspects of competitions, there sems to be a concensus of opinion among competitors and judges alike, that these contests are capable of betterment. It has been thought preferable to suggest "chapt€'r and verse," than generally to criticise the whole book.-G.

FIRST

January, 19.3.3.

A I D.

175

Przory for f1/ales. \VEI.SIJ

i\lh;\lBEl{S ll" IIo;\,o URS

LIST.

Ili s lajl't)' the Kin g, Sovcreign Head and Patron of the Venerable Ord~r of the Hospita l of t. John of Jerusalem,. h~s becn graciously pleased to sa nction the following admISSIon..; to and promotions in the Order approvcd by the hapter. General on the r~colllll1endation of the Prior v for \Val es : J COlli lila II de l'S (proll/olt!d/roll/

Ojjicers) :

:\lajor i\nurcw \\'ooclron'e .\nclersoll, :\1. B., Ch. B. ,

',' :lb-CO.l11l11issionel' in charge of the Bridgend Sub?I~mon";ar: COUI~I! entre, his appointmentlo this oOWl: In 1 )2_ follOWing thlrkl:n ) Lars' sen'icc as a Brigadl:l ~rgcon. .\s a l1lember of Chapter and Slanding COI11~l1ltlL'~'S, he has <11 ... 0 given \ aillahk assistance in the adm inIstrallon of thL' \\'o rk of the Priol ), for \"al es. DI.Sll,l~l

:\lajor W. O\\'en E\'ans, :'II. B. E., :'11.13. II n~ ~l'llun: d to amhulance classes for 37 years, and

\'v 'a aplWlnLetl an Tf olwr<try Life ~l embcr ancl Examiner untll:r the. t. J l)hn .\mhulaI1l'L' .\ssociation in 1907. .\fter llOlcllng- Onlel' a ... J)i\ i... ional lIrg-eon for ten year ' , he was

depa.rlment of the work of the Priory, which has benefited consrd:rably by his services as a member of the Chapter and Committees.

Officers: Colonel C. G. Cole-Hamilton, C.l\I.G., D . S,O. A,ppoint?d Co.mmissioner of the Brccknockshire County, ?f which I~e IS ChIef Constable in 1931, and has made strik1I1~1'y. r apI d pro~ress in the formation of classes and DIVISIons, Captain Lionel Lindsay, ~l. V . 0., O. B. E. , As Chi~f Con table of Glamorgan has given considerable assIstance IJ1 the development of ambulance \vork in the Count.y ; and is a member of the Standing Committees of the Priory. l\1r. G. Campbell Oliver. Held office as C?mmissioner for Newpvrt from 1918 to 1922 ; and, after malJ1taining an active connection with the \\'ork ~ a ~i\'isional Officer, recently resumed the rank of Sup~nor OOlce by appointment as Sub-Commissioner \Vas admItted to the Order as a S en ing Brother in 1923.

:\1 r. \V. Vane lorland, general manager L cds Tramways, recently presented 26 awards gained by memhers at the recent examination. Dr. A. G. Osborn, County Commissioner, wa the ininspecting officer on the occasion of the annual inspection of the Hungerford Di\'ision, S.] .A. B. '3

•

The Lancing, Sompting, Steyning and Hcnlield Di\'ision, S .].A. B., are seeking to obtain a motor ambulance. A committee has been elected to d ea l ,,,ith the matter, =: • e

Mr. G. ]. Guest, Chief Constable of Denbigh, entertained members of the Wrexham Division, S.J.A.B., at a dinner and smoking concert on Decembe r 22nd. The function commemorated the fifth anniversary of the in aug uration of the Division.

The Cardiff Cadet Section of a cor.lting-enl of the St. John Ambular1ce Brigade which took part In a recent Ci\'ic Proce sion. appointed Sub-Collll1l is ioner. for lhe Ponlarda wc Sub-District, Glal1lorg-an County Centre, 111 1922. 1\11'. Lemuel Jones, J.P.

The annual inter-colliery ambulance competitions of the Sheffield Coal Co., Ltd. , were held durin g December. There were 90 competitors in the indiVIdual event, 11 senior teams and 5 junior teams. Beighton Colliery "J" team won the Challenge Shield and first prize.

The "DECORATORS' & PAINTERS' MAGAZINE" 8d. monthly) is THE trade paper for all interestetl. Publ18hinl Office: 46, Cannon Street. E.C .... .

Has l11~int aine d an acli"e int erest in the ambulance movement Ince. 1~ 5, and as ub-Commissioner of the Ahera\'on Sub-DI ~nct, SJlalllorgan County Centre, to which o~ce h~ wa s appoll:tcd In 1921, he is responsible for twentynIne unIts of the Bngade. Mr. C. T. Hurry Riches. As the sen.io~ Sub-Col11 111 is , ioner in the Glamorgan Co.unty Cent~e, ~s In charge of lhe lhr c Corps in the C~er phdly Sub-Dlstnct. Has also associated himself with every

The Rt. Hon. Lord Penrhyn , C Accepted th~ oO'i.ce of Chairman of the Caernan'onshirc tlentre of the Pnory 111 1930; and is interesting himself in c~e , de\·e~opJ11~.nt uf first aid am?n~ the quarry \yorkers, in nJunctlOn \~ Ith the new ComnllsslOner Sir licbael DuffAssheton-Smlth . l\l r. Charles Phibbs.

I . Recently appointed COJ11mi sioner for l\lerionethshire la:'1I1g' generou Iy supported the local Di\"ision of th~ BI ngcade and financiallyassi led other charitable works in t 1e ounty.

FIRST

176

A I D.

J anuary , 1933.

--------------------------------------------------- - - ~ir Henr~

E. E. Philipps, Bart. IIa' held the olliee of Pl-esidcnt of the Pembrokeshire 'ounty Centre since 1924; and is keelJly interested in the dc\elo'pmcnt of the ambulance 11100'emcnt'in this Centre. Dr. C. E. Salt. Ha ~ r'pre::,ented the Priory in the County of Denbigh for the pat 10 year' a Commissioner for that Centre which includes en~ral progressi\'e Brigade l'nits. ~l r. J oh n Harris Da yic:>. .-\ppointed Sub-Commi ioner, Borough of Rhondda Centre in 1931 after 16 yeal'::" sen'ice a' a Brigade oltlcer. Holds oince as Rhondda Centre Secretary and has sen'ed on the tanding Committees of the Priory for m<1ny ) ears. \\'as admitted to the Order as a Serying Brother in 1921. Captain J. Hubert Robert::;. Trea urer of the Borough of Swans a Centre in \\'hich he has maintained a practical interest, and gi,'en considerable as::,i::,tance to the Commissioner and Officer. !\Ir. \\Tal ter BRldwyn Yates, C. B. E. Commis ioner for Flintshire since 1925 and has supported e\'ery local effort to\\'ards the de\'elopment of first aid and nursing work in the County. :\1r. Da\'id Edzell Thomas Lindsay. Admitted to the Order in the grade of Officer on appointment as Pe:-sonal Esquire to Colonel H. E. :\1. Lindsay, C.B , Knight of Justice. Sen·ing Brothers :

!'Ilr. Da,'id E\'ans.-Sergeant and Cadet Supt., .\berdare Di\,ision. l\Ir. George T. Guest (Chief Constable, Denhighshire). - Recently promoted from Diyisional Treasurer to SubCom missioner. :\lr. Joseph .-\lfred Hanman .- Supt. of the Pontypool Diyision. ~l r. Stanley Jones. - Am bulance Oft"icer, 1\ e\\'port Town Di"ision. . :'1r. John William Lewis.-Supt., Penrhi\\'ceiber Division. Dr. J. :\IcCausland.-Surgeon to the l\lae tag Central Di\'ision, an Honorary Life :'Ilember of the Priory and a member of its examining staff. :\1r. Thomas :\Iorris.-Ambulance Officer, Barry Dock Di"i::,ion. :\1r. \\'illiam Regan. Supt., Bargoed Di\'ision. :\1r. Dayid Richards.-Supt., Pontardulais Division. Dr. R. S. Ryce.-Borough of l'IIerthyr Tydfil Centre urgeon, an Honorary Life ;\lember of the Priory and member of the examining staff. Dr. John vVallace.-Surgeon to the Mynyddcerr:ig Division. Sen.'ing Sister: Mrs, L. :\1. Richardson.-Lady Supt., Cymmer ;\ursing Diy is ion. T)'LORSTO\\' X

A;\lBCLAXCE TRA[XI~G

CENTRE.

The first of a series of lectures, under the auspices of the Tylorsto\\'n Ambulance Division, was given on Wednesday evening, January 4th, under the presidency of ,\mbldance Officer \Vater Isaac Davies. A large crowd gathered at the above centre to listen to :\1 r. Ben Harris, 1. E" lecture on "Silicosis. :\lethods of dealing with air current:> bearing silica." The lecture was very interesting and educative, and the lecturer was warmly congratulated by :\Ir. Gwilym Jenkins, ;\1. E. The president thanked 1\11'. Ben Harris, and stated that he hoped the remaining lectures would prm'e as interesting a nd educative as this one had been. The "ote of thanks .vas seconded by .-\mbulance Officer Daviu l\lorgan.

J a nu ary , 1933 .

Common Mistakes in First Aid.

" I had gone to [he assistance of a woman who had been knockcd down by a bicycle in the street and bad a nasty cut on the forehead, a li ttle above the left eye j it was a clear case for a pad and bandage, and I had just uti lised three handkerchiefs for the purpo:,e, when an e rrand boy, whom I need hardly say had secured a position right in front, where th best view of the proceedings could be obtained, asked, anx ious ly, 'Aren't you going to stop it with a tourniquet, miss?' I wondered whe re he thought the tourniquet shou ld be appl iecl--probabl y to the brachia l artery , th a t "eems a favourite spot j but I on ly said I didn't think in th is case it was needed ." We are p r epared to supply Ambulance Sec. retaries and others wit h s pecimen copies of this Journal for distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers, FIRST AID, 4 0 Cannon St., London E.C.4.

177

A I D.

Ratlway Ambulance News.

1. --TIlE TOllRNlQUET l\IISL' · ED . A LITTLE know ledge is a dangerous thing, pa:-tiCLIlarly in can nection wi th the toumiq uet. Kept on too -long, it injures the tissues it has compressed so seriously that the limb may have to be amputated. H o \\' lo ng maya tourniquet be left in pia e '! That depends on various things; on the tight ness w ith which it has been drawn; on the position and size of the blt'eding vessel. Bleeding Crom a smal l a rtery, superficially situated in closc proximity LO a bone aaainst which it can be pre' ed, can be arrested by comparatively slight pressure from a tourniquet. The tighter it has to be pulled to a rrest hcemorrhage , the more likely it is, of our 'e, to do ha rm if left long in place . Again, some persons, the old and fe hie, for examp le, are much more liable to be injured by prolonged pressure from a tau rn iq ueL than are others . A large and very elastic tourniquet may be kept in place [or a longer time than a comparatively narrow tourniquet which has lo~t some of its elastic properties . So many toum iq uet tragedies occu rred d u ri ng the Great \ Var, that there is now a general tcndcIl : to dispense with tourniquet. altogether in first aid outfits . So much can be clone with a firm bandage, pressure with the fingers, raising the limb, etc., that the tourniquet is ver)', very rarely required in first a id . I t should never be left in place for a whole hour or more . Tourniquets, by the way, are applied to the limbs, not to the head or neck. uch a warning may seem so obvious as to be superOuous . But it is not, w itness the fo llowing incident reported in the Britt'slL Red Cross Revz'ew for Jan uar)' 19 3 ~ :

F JR ST

Great Western . N{JLlilcatioll has be<.:n r<.:cciHd that in response to recommendations made by the G.\V.R. Central Ambulance Committee 1\fr. G. II. lIe ) Chid Docks Manager's Office) 'ardiff. and :'Tr. \V, E, \Vcbh, Locomotivc Departmcnt, Aberdare, have 11C n awarded the Vellum Vote of Thanks of tb~ Order of St. John of J eH! alem for meritorious !'erVIL'CS to the amhulance 111()\'cmelll extending over a peri()d of years. ~rr. lles i. thc Diyi iOllal . 'ccretary for the South \\"ales Docks (J ~(). 15) Divi"inn. aile! has held that officc for (he pa. t eleven yl!ar~, i.e., since the South \\ ales Docks werc taken 0\ Lr bv the Great \Vc-;tern H.ail\\'av llncl 'r the Railways ct of 1921. . \\\: uIH.kr::, :and that arr:\IlgL'!11 ' Ills fLlr thl: aIlllllal outing ~)f G. \\', R. aI1lhul,\nc~ t,:'olc.l 111l'dalli,.,ts on \1:\\' 151 h \\'ill, thi.., "ear, bL ill till hand.; of ,\Ir. j. 11. C ldwalldder, ~enl'tary of thL :'-/cwport ".\" and" B" Di, i..,ioll-., and hi,.; (·OIlllllitkL'.

The IL'nue lor lh~ ISl3' LlutiJl~' is :\I1l'rga\'C'nny, and will i11llud~ a "i::,it III tl1\.' lak~. This will IlL' lhL' L'I~'('llth allllual outint,: ill 1hi -'l'ries which i.., quill' unique, those participating being' hnlc.l,'r:- llf tIll' Clllnpany's 15 .\~; lr gold clTiciellcy award. The di . trihlltion Cli ('l)ll1petitio11 and cxamination to amLulanc t: workers of the Chestcr Division took place suiJcqll ent to a dinner held at 1l0rris's Cafe) • hrewsbury, on the cycnin(?,' of December 16th.. under the presidency of ~rr. J. R. ~IorrisJ Div. upt.. when upwards of 100 members and their fri ends attencled. upporting- the chairman were Mr. R. G. Bardoul (Di trict Trafiic Manager, .M anchester), Mr. T. :'1artin (District (;ood l\[anag-er, Li\"t.~ rpool). Dr. \V. Lees (Che ter), Dr. F. R. Edwards (Shrc\\'shury), Dr. G, Harrison (Gresforcl), and other officials. In his opening addrcs t.lr. ::\1orris apologised for the ah~111Ce of M r. R. II .• ~ichol1c; (Superintendent of thc Linc), \\ ho up to the. last moment \\ as expected to makc the prcsentations, but had been prevented fr0111 coming. 1\1r. :\1orris rcviewed the fir t aid progress of the Great \Vestern Railway in g'eneral ana the Chester Diyision in particular, and said that half the men in the Traffic Department ,,"ere skilled first-aiders. Gold efficiency medals and class examination awards were distributed by 11r. Barefoot, who also handed the (, Bibby" Challenge Bowl to the Ruabon team. Dr. Lee presented his tropy, the "Lees" Cup, to 1\1r. P. V. Da), and Dr. Harrison handed his Cup to 1\1r. G. A. Ellwood. The series of "l\1orris" Cups awardcd to various areas of the Chester Division were distributed by their donor, Mr. J. R. Morris. The arrangements for the successful function were ably carried out by the energetic divisional ambulance secretary, 1\11'. J. A. Marlin. :1\\ arc!

Mr. F. Trcwin, Stationmaster, presided at the distribution of awards to members of the Kingsbridge, Devon. ambulance class on the evening of December 14th, when the presentations were made by Mr. H. A. Head, Chairman of the Kingsbridge Urban District Council. The awards included the G.W.R. gold medal for fifteen years' efficiency lo 1\Tr. F. A . T. Baines. During the proceedings 1\lr. R. G. Noclder) Divisional

i\1ll1Jl1lallCe :ccrdary for the Plymollth Division, gaVl: ' all i1llerestin o n view of thl first aid activities oil thc Creat \\'cstern I{ailwClY,

London and North Eastern . NOR.TH - EA TERl' AREA .

Oil DecemlJcr 14th) the lUlccholl cs class and theil' friends met in laq.!,'c numbers at thL --'tation Horel at ::\1r..\1. i\. .\Ietialie (Stationmaster) presidcd ,t lld gave the toast of .. ThL King"; the St. J 0411 "\mLulance Association was g-iven by ::\1r. A. E. Arm trong (District Secretary) \v ho eulogised the er,ices of Dr. Hall and the class secretary, ~Ir. Atkinson, for the excellent results of the class. ~1r. G. ~Iurra, I e.sponded for .. The \'isitors." :\1r. Geo. J acbo~l (( Jcneral Sccretary), presented the award. ohtained at the <,: .·amination and spoke of the work of the Centre in general. Thc Chairman handed to Dr. J. Robertson Hall. lecturer, a finc silver cream ewer with the thanks of the ci a' for hiS very able sen'ices. Dr. Hall, responding. said it had givcn him the greatest pleasure to lecture to the cIa s, anel he hoped that they would still continue to flourish for many years to come. An excellent conccrt party gayc v,Hious selections during the cyening. ~t1pper.

011 December 19th thc Sunderland class held their a nnual dinner at the George and Dragon, when a good lIum her sat down. Mr. George Jackson, General Secretary, presidcd, and in presenting the awards, hoped that the class \\ auld go in more for competitions and soon have thL pleasure of winning some of the trophies. He handed t( I Dr. Leigh .. St. John" tic . and to Dr. Thorp pe\\ter pots in acknowledgment of their senices to the class. The doctors, ill acknowledging the presents, said it was always a pleasure to them to assist the class, and they hoped 0011 to get some of the trophies. Dr. haw handed to~lr. \Y. ~ixon the gold medal he, gins annually to the best fir t) ear student. Amongst others present were l\Ir. A. E. Armstrong, District Secretary, and ':\1r. T. H . Key, Class Secretary. Mr. Lancaster's Concert Party kept the C0111pany fully entertained with their many turns. Mr. L. Ballan, District Supcrintendent, was unavoidabl) ahsel1t uwing to pre\'iolls ellO'agement. SOUTI-IER

AREA.

G. C. SECTlO:\f . HAR" lClL AND PARKESTOX D1 nSlox,-Great satisfactinn has been cau. ed by the fact that the Chief General Manager, upon the rccommendation of the Special Ambulance Committee, has issued Special l\Ieritorious Certificates for the three under-mentioned members, who rendered conspicuous First Aid treatment at Parkeston Quay on April 21st, 1932:R. A. Burgess (Fireman, L. T.E.R. Fire Brigadc). II. R. Stead (L. T.E.R. Firc Brio'ade), A. C. Ha1Yerson (Polic C' Con ' table. Police Dept.). all of the Engineer's Dept., Parkes ton Quay. The accident occurred \\ hile a crane \',as bein o' erecled by contractors on temporary piling on the RiY~r Stom. about 500 yards from Parkcstoll Quay. A falling guy

FIRST

leo- struck the contractor's foreman on the back, cau ing se~ious injuries. One of the ,,-orkmen rowed to. the Quay and informed Can table Halyerson of the accldent, and he alono- with R. A. Buro'css and H. R. tcad, rowed to th~ scene of the accident. \Y hen they arriyed they found the injured man fully conscious, bc,in°- supported by t\\'o \\'orkmen on aero s timber. They llnmedlately supported and ecured his injured limb, carefully p laced him on a stretcher and, " ,ith the assistance of the contractor's employees, removed him from the dangerous to a safe position 'where First Aid \\'as completcd. The stretcher with the inj ured man was then lo\vercd by means of ropes into a waiting boat and ro\ved to thc quay, \\-here the doctor. \\'ho had b~en scnt for, ordered the patient to be remond 111 the \\'alb~1g ambulance to the Harwich and District Cottage Hospltal. Though, unfortunately, the patient died the ne~t day, the doctor expressed the opinion that the fir t ald had been most excellently performed under ver)~ difficult circumstances, and that it could not have been 1mproyed upon. The certificates will be publicly presented to the rec,ipients at a local Ambulance function to be held early III February.

London, Midland and Scottish. DERBY.-The Inter-Shop Annual Competition of the c.-:\I.E. Ambulance Corps took place at the Fur and Feather Show at Derby on December 10th, the pri~es being presented by Capt. Bellamy, the vVorks Supenn tendent, supported by F. G. Chambers, Esq. Team Competition \\'inners: 18 Shop (A. 11ason, captain. \\T, Deacon. \Y. Farley, P. Pollard, E. Stanley). Individual Competition: 1st, H. Holme ; 2nd, H. \T. \Yinfield; 3rd, \\' . \-Vaters. STRATFORD-ox-A \'ON.-The Stratford L.l\I.S. Rail\\'ay Ambulance Team were successful in winning a silver cup, presented by Councillor E. R. Thompson: . . . The Stratford-on-Avon S.J.A.B. D1Y1SlOn, w1th the excellent object of encouraging in othe r s a knowledge of first aid, arranged and inaugurated the contest, which 'w as open to local teams. Othe r teams that competed were composed of m embers of the Police and the Brigade. S\'\'A:\'sEA.-l\Ir. R. D. Roberts, district goods and passenger manager, speaking at the annual presentation of ambulance awards to the Swansea Yictoria and St. Thomas classes, said that he \vas call ed upon to make a unique presentation on behalf of the Company. In l\1arch of this year, he related, 1\Iessrs. E. J. Lythgoe, H. Owen, F. Pow is, G. Powis, J. Jarman, and O. J. 1\laggs, members of the Swansea L.1LS. Railway ambulance class, were on their way to Derby to participate in a competition . Beb\'Cen trains at ottingham they went for a walk, when on the canal bank, they were attracted to a crowd. They found that a youth had just been rescued from the water, and by their skill and promptitude, the Swansea men, applying artificial r espi r ation, assisted in saving the boy's life, an effo rt of which the individual, the district, and the Company could be justly proud. So far as the ambulance mOyemellt '\,,-as concerned, no words that he could command would express his admiration for their excellent work. The presentations took place at the Adelphi Hotel, and 11r. VV. Hamer, assistant district goods and passenger manager, presided, supported by 1\1r. R. D. Roberts and :N1essrs. G . Atkinson, chief staff clerk; T. Lewis, chief

A I D.

January, 193.3.

commercial clerk; F. G. Mobbs, district carriage and wagon foreman; H. Owen, district al:nbul~llcc secretary; E_ L ewi station-master, Swansea VlctOr1~; E.. Thomas, station-maste r, t. Thomas, and di t nct 1l1spector; H. C. L. Havard, St. Thomas class sec ret ary; and Mr. hor Dayies, Victoria class secretary.

The King's Fund Miniature Hospital. O . Friday, January 6th, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, K.G. (President of the Fund), declared open the exhibition of the miniature hospital, at the Building- Centre, 158, New Bond-street, London, ';V.1. This latest propaganda of the Kin g Edward's Hospital Fund for London is complete in every detail and great credit is due to the organisers. It embodies a number of the very latest features of hospital design including a large solarium, an~ an X-ray departmen t, in which the delicate electrical apparatus is reproduced to the scale of threequarters-of-an-inch to a foot. It is impossible to include a full description of the model here, suffice to say that it presents, in perfect proportion and detail, a three-dimensional picture showing some of the essential parts of a modern hospital, including wards, operating theatres, ba lconies, garden and an electric lift that works, as well as doctors, nurses and patients. A million bricks are separately indicated and 7,000 stones, while 13,000 tiles, each about the size of a little fin O'er nail have been used to decorate the nursery ward and the kitchen . An illustrated booklet has been issued for which a charge of sixpence is being made. Viscount Burnham, in a foreword, acknowledges the assistance rendered by numerous pesonages including Her Majesty the Queen, H.R.H. the Princess Royal, H.R.H. the Duchess of York, Lady Hudson, G.B.E. Appreciation of the untiring efforts of Mr. H. Saxe Wyndham, chairman of the Propaganda Committee, and to whom the miniature hospital owes its inception, is also recorded. Copies of the booklet, which gi yes full details, of the model, can be obtained from the Building Centre or from 7, Walbrook, London, E .C.4, the headquarters of the fund. The present arrangements for the exhibition of the model are that it will be at the Building Centre until February 4th, when it is proposed to exhibit the Miniature Hospital at the Crystal Palace. From there it will, it is hoped, be exhibited at the Dazly Mail Ideal Horne Exhibition to be held at Oly mpia. When you write to any of our Advertisers kindly mention FIRST AID. It dosen't cost you anything and it pleases the Advertisers, and Us

FIRST

January, 193.3.

~o1ice J\mbulance j'lews. ATION,\L POLICE .\ \1 Be LAl CE

CO:\lPETITION.

The u sual c limin ating competitions for the purpose of electing- a team to repre elll each of the Iline police districts in England and \\Tales are being hdd during the present month. Th e fin al compeLition will be held at the l\lidland Grand H ote l, 'l, P ancras, London, 1 • \V. , on Tuesday, February 2 1 l. Th e eliminating competl110n of the , 0. 9 District (London) \\' as held on TuesLla y , January 10Lh, at the Cityof London P olice Resen'c IIeadquarters, f3unhill Ro\\,. The judge wcre Dr. R. B. Duncan (team) and Dr. A. C. \\'hite Kn ox (indi\'idual practical). Eighteell Leams, 16 :\I etrorol itan and 2 'iLy, entered and somc intercsting work was ",itnes ed hya goodly number of spectators. Tho e present included .\ssistanl Comllli sioner tark and Chief ' upt. Booth ( 'ity), Chief on table B. B. R. R oberson, . B. E.. upt~. HUllt, .\dam , Graham, Collins, Chief Insreclor Franklin anLl Dalton p Ietro . ), apt. R. ]. R oberh, ;\lajor \\T. E. Higgills and Commander . G. Emery ( it) Reserve), \1 1'. D. G. ,\Ionleith ( ompetilion Secrctar) .J .. \ .. \.), and other onlC"er" and member. D. Inspector \\'arn: n (.\ letro.) \\ as the eCt'etar), and he \\'as as"isted by member of the two forces as stewards. Th ese incluLlcd In 'ipeclor James (.\l <.:1ro.), and Inspector Luca, ergts. Ro e and Child ' (City). .:\1 the cl)nclusion of the tests, '\Ir. tark announced the re ults a" follo\\'s : 1, " Y " Di\·i Ion 2f>7 10, " H " Di\'ision 182j 2, 'it \ of London " A. " 23q ~ 11, I' <..; I' 17 ' 3, " 1; " Division 22t 12, "~ " 171 -t, " 227~ 13, 16S~ 5, "0" 220 H. Thame 157 19 ) 6, " ;\1 " 15, CIT" 1S0~ 7, ('XU 191 ,. (" R" ) 149 1h, 8, City of London Ie B" 1{)0 (" \\' " ) 9, " J " Di\ ision 13 " 186~ 1 ", 13 H ighest ind i\-idual ag-gregat "Y" Di\' i ion (~d etro.). The winner) "Y" Di\'i~ioll \\'ill therdore repre enl the I?istrict at the final competition which will be held during 1<eb ru arv. Both judges g'm'e criticism on the \\'ork, \\'hich taken as a wh ole, \Va well done.

"I, " 'I

A I D. Hurrying to patient No.4 to send imm ediate ly to stalion T o reporl incident to officer on duty :\Iso to obtain first aid appliances And te lephone for ambu lance Speaking to patient (No response) Ascertain if breathing is present (Yes) Inquire if any h<Clllorrhage visible (1 0) " " deformity " \\ ithout a ltering patient's position QuicI-cly examine right upper limb (~il) And both lower limbs (Swoll en left ankle) ]\'ow gently straig-hten ou t patient Examine left upper limb (Compound fracture left arm and gravel rash on palm)... Examine head and face (bruise on Idt temple) Examine ribs and breatbone (nil) Tote '.::olour of face (pale) Note re ponse of eye (very sluggish) ]\'ote condition of pulse (quick and weak) ]\:ote condition of breathing (shallow) NOLe condition of skin (cold) One bearer careful ly steadies left upper left limb Gently expose ,,-ounel Xote character of haemorrhage (dark red and slight ) Iodine own fingers first and then wound Dry dressin~ and light bandage Apply splints and bandages to fix fracture \\'ithout an\' extension of limb Iodine \\-oul~d in left palm Dry dressing and bandage No\\' apply sling .. . Figure of 8 bandage tightly round left ank le O\er the boot Wetting it when po sible Obtaining cold water For dre ing on left temple and on head Keeping hea d 10\\' and on right side l'ndoing tight clothing round neck and chest Keeping bod) warm .-\.nd feet raised Careful wa[ch for any change in patient's condition Testing and preparin~ stretcher Loading stretcher (3 bearers on right side) Loading ambulance (arri\'es in 10 minutes) .\ccompanying patient to hospital Report to doctor (concussion, brui e on temple, spra in left ankle, compound fracture of left arm \\'ith a "'ound in palm) Tactful Illes age to patient's home General promptness and efficiency

2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2

-t 3

2 4 3 2 4 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2

5 5 2 2

5 3 2 2 2

-t 3 2 3

5 3 10 5 2

5 3 6

150 CITY

La, DON.

Th e team lest for the" .\l derl1lcn' Cup" competition, a report of which appeared in the Decem ber is ue, provcLl v~ry interesting and the marking sheet is published hereWIth. CARD.-\Vhile o n your way to the station, yo u four h ear the smash in g of g lass, and 011 rushing to the co rn er of the street, yo u see a car rapidly moving away with o ne of your co lleagu es on the step. Suddenly a re\-ol\'e r shot rings out and he falls violently on the ground. You kno\\' your station is about 200 yards 00-, where first aid appliances are kept. Time 9.30 p.m. Weather dry and cold. 0 othe r help allowed. R e nder first aid . Tim e limit 15 minutes. (NOTE FOR J UOGE_-Pa tient to be lyin g "all of a h eap" on his left s ide. Face white, bruise a ll the temple, compc>u nd fractUl'e of left a rm, g ra vel rash of left palm and sprained left ankle.)

CITY OF LONDON POLICE RESERVE. O n Februan' 1 t next \\'e beg-in our 1933 annua l cour e in first aid with ~ lecture from o~r Chief 1\1. 0., Capt. A. C. \Vhite Kn ox, l\LC., i\I.B., and subsequent lectures will follow until the exam ination, which takes place about t he middle of l\larch. 1\1 0 t readers of this Journ a l know of the amou nt of work and detai l required to get together a c ia s of over 100 men . Last year this figure was exceeded, and it i hoped the number \\-ill be con id erably increased this year. First a id and amb ulance work is no\\' con idered with u s, as \\-ith a ll Police Force, o ne of the first essent ia ls of P oli ce trainin g . T here are, ho\\,eyer, a few" die-hards " wh o s tate that elliciency in drill sho uld hold a prominent place in the training of men belonging to t he Res erve. Ceremonial and showmansh ip, I s ugg'e t, is a side lin e of the Army, usually di hed out in spa modic doses by the O.C. when on occasion for an impresC'io n dem ands it. First ai

F I R S T and ambulance \\ ~)rk in all Police Forc('s is a mutter of indi\ idual judgment and practice based on a sound knowled~'c l)f the subj('ct \\'hich is available to lhe public in all places and at all time::.. Quiet and unobtru8iYC" the Police are alwa\ s the centre l1f admiration \\"hen acting :1S Ilrst-aidcrs in al{ accident case in our treet, The man\ and frequ('nt rderenc('" in the Press to their en;cicnC\' i" , - or should be, sufficient proof as to which is the matter ~)f first importance in Police training, ,,'hether for the Regular or Resen'e Fl)rCes. CELlL G. E"IERY, Hon. Sec, ano Comdr. (\\'c take thi::. opportunity of congratulating illr. C, G . Emery on his recent promotion to Commander in the Re::.en e, He, more than any other one per::.on, has done much to bring first aid to the notice of the members of the Resen'e , and it speak much for hi work when it is kno,,'n that the figures for pa se hme increased from 30 in 192b to 1.21 in 1932. He first interested himself in first aid work in connection \\·ith till' Re en'e in 1923. In 1928 :\Jr. Emery supplied the required splints, bandag-e" etc., free of cost, and organised the nrs( continuation clas es. For this g-ooc..l work he was promoted Sergeant, and since that date ha acted as Honorary SecretarY to the section. He also organised the Ilrst ann~lal team competition for the Inter-Di\ i~ional Competition and personally gave the team indi\'idual medals. In 1930 he was transferred to the Reser\'e staff to take charge in all m atters on fir t aid and ambulance work. For his excellent \\'ork in the l1rst aid 11100'e mel't, he was promoted from Serg-eant to Sub-Commander in 1931, and the latest promotion is another appreciatil)n from the Re::.er\'e for hi::. untiring elTorts in ambulance work, Since the appointment of Capt. \\Thite Knox as :'11.0., :'IIr, Emery's \\'o rk has ~Teatl) increased, getting data together on which the doctor can base his work. It is hoped that Commander C. G. Emery may long retain his energy and enthusiasm in this great \\'ork, and perhaps one day he may sec his one dream come true-that e\'en' mem ber of the City of London Pulice Resen'c, officers an-d men, are qualified first aiders.EDITOR. ) ---,_.----

The Royal Life Saving Society. 1:-: this, the sixth article on Lite Sa\'ing, it is proposed to deal \\'ith the last of the methods ad\'ocated in rescuing a. person from drowning, by giving a description of the 5th method; this method is useful to O\'er-urm s\\'illlmers, as well as to back stoke swimmers, To effect this method the rescuer will hold the subject "'ith one arm placed O\'er his right or left shoulder, with the hand either gripping under the opposik armpit, or holding him there by his clothes, thus leaving the rescuer's other other arm free with whi ch 10 propel himself, In order that the rescuer shall not be obliged to re\'erse his stroke, he should make use of his u;,ual over-arm for the purpose of holding the drowning per~on ; then by using a powerful arm and leg stroke he will be able to effect a satisfactory rescue. \Vhen- the necessity arises for a rescue to be attempted, there arc certain consideration which demand a ;apid decieion. On seeing a person strug~'ling in the water in danger of dro\yning-, the first thing to be remembered is to lose no time, As stated in a preyious article, a drowning- person may ink and not rise again. In such circumstances it may be difficult for thl' rescuer to End the object of his search. ,\etion in such circumstances has heen explained in thc Dccember article of this series. It is it matter of judg-ment whether thc rescuer, hefore

A I D.

J a n ua ry , 1~3 3

J an uary , 1933.

entering the \\ater, should remove a porti~1I1 of hi'i clothing. 1£ the <.lro \\"ning per on is on the s urface and close to t he hore the rescuer will probably be in the waLer for a \ ery short time; therefore, there i no need to remove such c1othinn' for although it may some\\'hat i'llpede his moyemcnts, ) c 't he clothes bei ng i~l tlated wi th air wi 11 assist 110ati ng until aturated wilh water. In all cases it is adyisab\e to remO\e n ' much clothing' as time \"ilI permit, l'olllmencing \yith the boots and heil\ r garments "hieh arc the chief hindrance to swimming, \:lut use judgment, as a moment's delay may mean the 10 s of a human life. Another consideration, upon which an immediate decision must be made, is the method of enterin~' the water, If the rescuer i" unawarc l)f the depLh of the water, or is called upon to enter it at a great heig-hl, as from a hridge, yesscl or pier, and is not u ed to diving and plunging, it i., best to drop in feel lirsl. \Yhere \\ eeds abound and there is danger of entanglement, an endeanmr should be made to enter the water at some point \"here this obstruction does not exist, and progre,-s should he made, if possible, by gentle motions in the direction of the stream. ~aturalh e\ en' situation presents a diJrerent a peel, and therefore must'be dealt with upon its o\yn merits. In completing the description of the \'Clrious methods of releasing- oneself from the clutch of <1 drowning- person and elTectin!S a re"cue, a fcw brief remark on ho\\' bc::.t to as it the ,\ims and Objects of the Rl)yal Life Sa\ ing- 'ociet} IlUl) not be considered out of place. It is probable that 01111.: \\'ho hayc found interest in reading the::.e article may de in: to assist in the humanitarian principles by forming 'la<i"e for the purpose of in::.1ruction, In endeavouring to teach the l11ethod'1 already de<:crib d, the ociet" ad\ocate that land drills for teaching the Rc::.cue and Relea'se methods be adopted, but they are only intended to facil itate instruction, and for that reason e\ ery effort shl1uld be made to de\ote as much ti,l1e as po' ible to frequent practice in the \yater. .\ Class once formed should not be kept Loo long' practising the land drills, Instructors Illu::.t be tlear and concise, and gi\'e orders in these drills clccording to the details as set forth in the 19th revised edition of the II;;>ndbouk published b) thc Society. hort and frequent drill are preferable to long lessons, which are liable to xhaust the attention both of the Instructor and the pupil. Ewr)' command must be ditinctl) pronounced and su1Jiciently loud to be heard by all concerned, and every endeavour made by those in charge of the Cla.s to give an accurate and dttailed description of the reasons for the use ot the various method which have already been described. Those who are already efficient in the arts of L ife Saving, and \\'i1l devote some of their timc to teachi ng others, will find the utmost gratification in having spread this knowledge, as it frequently transpires that one of the Instructor's pupils, although of only tender age, has been able to effect a rescue. Such a case as this has lately been brough1to the notic of the Society, Some lads were playing' besides a disused well at a chemical works. The well was 12 to 14 feet deep, containing stagnant water with a large percentage of chemical in it. One of the lads, in trying 10 reach a piece of board, over-balanced, fell in, and was in <langer of drowning, His friend tried to pull him OLlt, but also fell in. A boy 13 years of age, and a holder of some of tbe Society's awards, hearing screams went to the rescue. H e pu ll ed out the firs1 boy, then taking off jacket and waistcoat di ved in and rescued the other lad, who was then in the centre of the well, which is about 27 feel long and 12 feet wide. H e then swum with him to the side and got him safely out. The boy, in effecting this heroic rescue, risked serious injury to his "yes, but fortunate ly no serious compli cations hu\'c followed.

FIR ~ T

Gas POisoning. * By SIR ROB E R T I-I. D AV IS (0/ Sz'ebe, Gorm an ',..., Co . , Ltd" tile 'We!/- kllO'WIl brca/ltilZ{/ apparatus manu/acturers).

C .t\ SES . of Su ic idc by

lTas po ison i n bU' are herreatl)T on 1 Ill c rea::,e, the despa iri ng v icti ms finding the tIe ~as-o,ve n th e readiest way out of their misery, h ~l t 111 fa r too many cases they die when they lTIl ght be saved . The same remark applies also to acc identa l poison i ng by gas , t would appear that a \'ery great many meclt ca l m en arc still unaware of the advantaCTes o of th e most recent treatment of such ca es-name ly, the oxygen p lLI.S carbon dioxide method, \\hich is the means of restoring l ife to persons to whom oxygen a lone would not SUn} e. \\'e hear occaio nally of the administration of oxygen, but from my experience it has too often been gin~n in a perfunctor} \\ay, frcC]ucnth too late and in ina.lequate quantity . ertain 'Iar,~c institution, kno\\inn mv .\ Interc t 111 such malter, telephoned to mv laboratory sOllle time ago Lo "ay that they \\ e(e treatin lT a man \\ ho, on th' pre\ iOll" c\'ening, had attempted suicide by putting his head in a gasoven . They had been adrnini,tering oxygen for 12 hours, but thl:: \ ictim seemed to be rnakin tr no rrogress, and the\' a ked whether I could let them ha\ ~ a supply (;1' 0, ~g~n-carbon dioxide . On reac!1 i ng the bed idc, one of In) "tan \\ as surpried to find the Ilur e giving the merest trickle of oxygen through a gin s tube ~ He at once put a proper-Etling rna k on the patient ami turned on an ample upp ly of oxygcn- arbon dioxide, and in less than three minutes the patient was breatilintT h~avilr and taking in large quantities of th~ ga~ mIxture . The \'ictim regained consciou ne on the aft moon of the next day, and there seemed to be hope of his reco\'en . But unfortunately here agai n the poiso n h ad 'al read \' clone its d reael wo rk before proper treatmen thad bepn appl ied, and the patient died two day later from pneumonia-t h e almost inevitab le result of dela\'. The re a re, I fear , many practitioners \\-ho st ill loo k with some t imid ity on the admini:;tration of o~yger~ itse lf , a nd who think it should only be g Ive n In ve ry small doses through a glass funne l o r tu be (a m ost waste ful a nd ineffect ua l method) at not too frequ e n t inte rva ls . IIe re I should like to sq uas h thi s fa ll acy, whic h has persisted far too lo ng . T he re is no d anger whatever in hreathintT p ure oxyge n con tinu ous ly [o r ~10urs . Thousand~ of m e n eq ui p ped wi th m yapraratus fo r rescue a nd recove ry in min es wear it eve n for practice pur-

•

''l

* In a Jetter to the Tillles ne wspaper, London .

Al U.

1~ 1

poses for two hours at a stretcb, breathing pur~ oxygen and walhng at the rate of four miles an hour. And when disasters have occurred they have breathed oxygen for several hours a dav for weeks on end, working hard all the time i~ the most poisonous atmospheres and in very high tem peratures . Oxygen -carbon dioxide so stimulates the respiratory centre as to cause the patient to breathe m L~eh more deepl y and to recO\ er very much qUIcker. :\10reover, it prevents the unpleasant and often dangerous after-affects \\" h ich usual I)' accompany carbon monoxide poisoning. For the information of the uninitiated I may m~l1tion that carbon monoxide, the dangerous co~ stItuent of coal gas, is llOt a poison in itself, as, say, strychnine is, but that it kills by depriving the body of oxygen . Oxygen is carried in the bl,ood by the hccmoglobin, the red colouring matter o[ tbe blood, and gi\'es the bright arterial colour to the blood when it leJ.ves the lung, the blood becoming \'e nOLl5 and bluish when oxygen is taken from il by the tissues, :\ow carbon monoxide has a remarkable po\\-er of combininCTwith h~moCTlohin 0 0 ' a power \\ l1ich is 250 to 300 times as strong as that of oxy gen. There is, therefore, a stluggle between oxygen and carbon monoxide for possession of the hcemoglobin, and the carbon monoxide unfortun ateh- \\ ins . 'The em i nent physiologist Professor J. 5, Haldane, C. H . , F. R .5., our greatest authority on resriration and gases, \vho is a firm belie\'er i~ the oxygen-carbon dioxide treatment, says : -

" A certain concentration of carbon dioxide is naturally present in the body, Lbe tissues producing, and the circula~ion and respiration remo\'ing, so that a halance ot the concentration is kept up . In mher \\ orels, the carbon ic acid is the natural respi rator), sti m ulant. I n the poisoned person les carbonic acid is produced, and the amount naturall,\ present in the tissues, blood, and luno's becomes partl~' washed out by the deeper breath ing, The breathing centre then misses its natural stimulant, and finall,'" depressed by want of ox,'gell, does its work more fCl.::blv, \\'ith the cOl1s"'equent very shallo\\" respiration found in those onsidered unconscious by prolonged gassing, ,. Hence the tremendous ad\'antao'e of m ixin ~U' . b WIth the oxygen ahout 7 per cent. of carbon dioxide, In cases of e'tremely hallo\\' breathillCT , artificia l respiration b~' the Schafer (prone) meth;d is used after application of the mask to the face of the pati nt, and the gas mixture supply turned OIl. In gas poison ir? g ,i t is ~ssen tial that the oxygen and carbon dIOXIde mIxture be given ,yitbout delay, and in amp le quantity, Ever\' minute i.s of vita l importance. The longer the poison r(',. mains in the victim's system the greater the ri, k of p neu m o ni a after he rega ins consc iousness .

FIRST

1 2

So far, I have spoken only of the treatment as applied in gas-poisoning case"". The treatment is equally applicable in cases of drownin o", electric shock, and other accidents. In America its importance is so fully realised that for some time past oxygen -carbon dioxide and apparatus for its admisistration have formed part of the equipment of large numbers of public ambulances and safety services, big industrial concerns, and police forces. A telephonic request to the nearest station brings the treatment to the victim without delay. It is better to bring the gas aad apparatus to the patient than to take him to the depot or hospital. Send for the nearest doctor by all means, but with equal promptitude send also for the carbon dioxide, and do not wait for the arrival of the doctor, but adminis~er the gas immediately it is available-it does not need a med ical man to do this . In heart and nervous sym ptoms, and even in acute alcoholism it has proved its worth. I myself suffer from a nervous disability which sometimes causes vertigo and increases a natural deafness, and I have found a few minutes' inhalation of the gas mixture very helpful. I feel so strongly that so little is being done by those whose duty it is to treat this simple remedy seriously, that I wish my health and time permitted me to visit every big city in the Kingdom in order to start a campaign to awaken serious interest in the treatment. Since that is not possible, I propose to do the next best thing, and to distribute a number of sets of apparatus, with the oxygen-carbon dioxide mixture, among certain local bodies who will agree always to keep them in readiness for immediate application according to instructions, and advise me of cases treated and the results obtained. This, however, is but a drop in the ocean. Until all public authorities and their medical men realize the importance of this treatment, which is so simple and safe, and so easy of application, and until they make arrangements for its availability at all times of the day and night, avoidable loss of life will continue. J

As the result of first aid examinations some 43 members of the \Valsall Police Force obtained awards. Div. Supt. Fred "Ward Kirby, of Great Ayton Division, S.].A.B., has been admitted as a Serving Brother of the Order of St. John of Jerusa lem. The District Final competition s of the o. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District, S.] .A.B., will take place on Saturday, April 22nd, at orthampton Institute. 3

•

The competition for the Stew art & Lloyd' s Divisional Ambulance Cup was held in the works canteen on Saturday, December 3rd. " E" team (captain, CorpI. E. RoIla ston) were the winners.

January, 1933.

A I D.

fetters

the

f;ditor.

We are in no way responsible for the opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondents. - EDITOR.

FIRST

J an uary, 1933.

efficiency oug-ht to be ov-.orhauled; examinations are too ea y, and when students are allowed 10 sit fOI- two in about eight 1110nth~ I would not g-i\'c much for the knowledge g-a ined in so short a tim e esrecia lly if there are t\\'o subjects. o l1lan or woman should be a ll owed to handle accidenl case;;, e,>pecially where there arc multiple injuries, until they are properly trained. Your~ faithfully, " EFFlel ENe y FIHST."

E.\RL Y TEXTBOOK . SIR, It giYes me mLlch plea ure to let you kno\\ that as the result of my appeal in ) OLlr D cember issue, many of your readers ",ere good enough to send me particulars of ea rly First Aid and Home Nursing Textbooks in their pos e sion ; and most of these were so kind a to olTer me their copies. As a result, I hm"c been ablc to fill many gap in the series here, but I haye also unfortunately disco\ ered that there are more gaps thall at first appC'aredlikely. for it s ems that in thc carly days each quantity of 1,000 copies appeared as a separate Edition, thu 1 th Thousand, 19th Thousand, 20th Thou and and so on. ;,\la)' I therefore again appeal to any of ) our I' auers who are in po se ion of early Editions to write to me giving particulars of th ir copies of either book :hepherd, Bruce or Co grave. Our se:-ies of Cantlie i~ complete except for the first and third Edition~. Thanking you for your courtes)" I am, Your faithfully, ,\. 1\. 'Allt;.\. Chief Secretary. St. J 011l1's Gate, London, E. C. 1. DEAR

INTER-RAI LW.\ Y CO\1 PETITI

DEAR SIR, -

The Editcrial in \ our Decembe r iS~LlC on "The Independent Patient" appears to have beell written without full knowledge of thc facts Your sugge tion is that the authorities (pre ul1lahly the St. J ohn Ambulance Association) hme in thc p:1'>t cOllsi~tent1y opposed the lI1troduction of an independent paticnt in thc team test for the final of the Inter-Railway ambulallce competition, although it has been adyocat d in yuur colul11ns for over twenty years. l ay I point out that the rules of the cOlllpetition arc considered annuaIIyat a meeting of repre clltatives of the various railway cOl11panies concerned held at t. J ohn's Gate under the chairman hip of the Directol- of the .\mbulanc Department of the Order of t. John, and that their re\"ision has hitherto been left to these reprcsentatiws, the t. John Ambulance Association resen'ing the right to veto any suggestion of which it \Vas not in favour. The rrorosal for an independent patient would long ago have been adopted h ad it been put forward by the railway representative . Yours faitbfuIly, D. G. I OI\TEITII. Competition Secretary. St. Joh n's Gate, E.C.1. CHARGE

OF STREET ACCIDENTS.

SrR,I was interested in the above article in the December issu e of FIRST AID. The police may take officia l charge of st reet accidents bLlt that does not make them efficient first aiders. fy experience of policemen as fir 1 aiders in this city is that there is plenty of room for improvement. I am speaking of cases that I have seen handled by policemen. Policemen here tell me that they ne\'er have any lectures or practices after getting- their meuaJIion. If that is so how can they possibly be efficient? I think the whole ambulance mo\"e men1 regarding

Some Points to be Considered in Performing Artificial Respiration. By C. 1. ELLIS,

~I.D., C.~I.

from the metho Is adopted in performing rtiJl cial I e peration, there are certain simple facts concerned with. Anatomy and Physiology of normal r piration which I like to emphasise as an in troJ uction to the study of the instructions laid down on page 1-1-.3, etc., of the" black book. ,. Ap"\RT

A:-':.\TO)'IY.

hest. \\TC ha\'c to dcal \\ ith Rib, LUllgs with thcir pleurac, IIcart and Blood ' \ Tessels, and the diaphragm. The ribs are clastic arche of bone, they an.: attachcd by ligaments to the dorsal spinal column and to the sternum by costal (springy) cartilages; there is a considerablc amount of fie .· ibility tberefore. The Iungs, [or all practical rurposes, re em ble pieces of indiarubber ' pungc (" 'o rbo "), so with their r1 urae \\ c mar conSIder them ela tic bags filled with air. '1 he liaphragm is the large muscular partition .':>c[larating th~ cavity of the chest [rom that of till: abdomen. \ Ve are not conscious ol the [act that wc arc breathing in the ordinary \\ay. The" centre" in the brain, which automati ally controls respiration, is situated in the med LIlla oblongate-the upper enlarged part of the spinal corel. It is interesting to record the fact that the" en trcs" of vomiti ng and respiration lie close together in the brain. In sea-sickness rapid respiration will relieve nausea, it is aggravated by lessened and irregular breathing. The various nerves which govern the muscles (special) which induce respiration are controlled and receive impulses [rom the respiration " centre ." The activ ity of the" centre" is dependent on sti muli derived from the blood, etc., e.g., a Venous state of the blood increases the activity of the " centre. ,. When breathing is suspended (drowning or suffocation), the respiratory "centre" is out of action, i.e., no impulses or co-ordin ation are received by the lun gs, diaphragqI, intercostal muscles, etc. The" centre" is physiologicall y in

AID

183

abeyance, so m echanical means must be resorted immediately. The lun gs have been compared with concertinas, for they open and shut with each breath. Their function is the absorption of Oxygen and the eliminat ion of C02 and other waste products . Inspiration is the result roughly of the muscular action of the diaphragm; expiration is chiefly a passive movement due to the recoil of the elastic costal cartilages and lun gs, the action of gravity, etc. Now what do we find in an apparently drowned person? A flaccid diaphragm, a stomach full of dirty water, sea-weed, slime, mocus, grit, etc. , lungs ditto, liver congested, bladder, perhaps, full of urine . Patient is unconscious, so even if water is pressed out of the stomach, the epiglottis is not acting because the reAexes are in abeyance. In performing artificial respiration, without a moment's loss of time, one must avoid rupturing the engorged liver, full stomach or bladder. One must always remember, too, that the heart and lungs are wedded irrevocably, and what effects one must, of necessity, effect the other; so if one pushes up against a weak, strained and exhausted heart it will be further embarrassed or stopped. Being unconscious, as I have said, the patient has lost the power (for the time being) of muscular contraction, so he cannot protect himself against a rough onslaught. Death is accidental, drown ing can be caused by (1) syncope when the aspect of the person is pallid, or (2) by asphyxia, due to penetration of the lungs by water, when the aspect is blue. Partial syncope can usually be the more easily revived, if restorative methods are started early, but when the lungs are penetrated by water as in (2), the condition is more serious. The question of long-contin!led artificial respiration, especially with rough handling, must be considered. How many people in an exhausted condition, plus shock, could stand longcontinued pummelling? On e knows the instructions " until the arrival of a doctor, etc .", and if a Coroner and Jury learn that a first-aider worked for two or more hours, credit is to be got for it, still I think it is only a small number who will come to, permanently, after a prolonged struggle. Occasionally, the reward of a prolonged effort is great. The correct performance of artificial respirais another story, but practice, care and common sense is necessary in all cases.

Birstall Police team won the " Barraclough' Cup at the fourth annual competition among members of the \Vest Riding Police Divisions.

FIRST

Serious Factors in 11ighway First Aid, J),

1) R.

D A \' E DOZ I E R (,Specz'a! Illstructor, Cal{/orll/a State Higll?('(Cl' Patrol)'

,\c 'IDE:,\TS along our highways practically 3.lways in\'oh'e tbe \'ery serious prohlem of transporting injured persons. ~ot a week t asses tbat one of our ne\yspapers doesn't carr\' an account of an ber ic d ri ve or frenzied dasll on behalf of ome injured person. \Yell-meaning as these efforts are, more often than not, it the blunt truth be kno\\'n, the~' do more harm than good. Too often sufferi ng is increased, simple wou nds made more serious by the "ery violence of too great a speed and, worst of all, other accidents and other injuries engendered as the resul t of the race. I do not mean to belittle the importance of expediency, but in the great majority of cases gentlene sand dexterity rather than time and speed are the essentials of less suffering, more rapid recovery and actual reduction in mortality. "Jack-knifing" graph icall~' descri bes the actual proced u re of bundling a seriously injured person into the specdiest vehicle available and "'stampeding" him or her to the nearest doctor or hospital. Let us apply these general terms to the more common specific injuries. lIIinor b~illries.-}'linor injuries are those which happily do not menace life, and are attended by no grave compFcations; although many times they do cause considerable immediate suffering, and even permanent disability or continued pain of a yarying degree. In this group we find joint injuries, sprains, s trains or dislocations, bru"ises, scratches, minor cuts and blows over chest or abdomen. Here, certainly, great speed in transporting the patient is wholly unnecessary and if adopted leads to but one thing-increased suffering. The paramount consideration is to provide for the comfort of the injured party, to reI ieve his suffering, and to prevent the development of a more serio ilS inj ury than the original one. Padding, splinting and supporting of the affected parts, transportation of the person in a spacious, comfortable and protected vehicle will contribute to the protection of the patient and his rapid reco\'ery. One can but feel sorry for the man with the wrenched back (( jack-knifed" into a coupe with two other persons and bounced dmvn the road at 60 miles an hour. He may get to town 15 minutes sooner, but the chances are that his back will be painful for 15 days longer. Or, again, take the case of a little girl with the sprained elbow, cfm\'ded into the back seat with three suitcases and Aunt Dolly. Aunt Dolly hold the arm while Papa" steps on the gas." Result: the car hits a bump, the little girl bounces one way, Aunt Dolly, grimly hanging on, bounces the other, the

A I D.

Jan uary, 1933.

arm i. given a violent wrench, the littie girl wails with pai n, anci I apa steps the harder on the gas to get the ch i Id to the doctor. The doctor patiently awaits the relief of thc swc lling and' suffering, wonciering how much final disability 1 going to be left as the outcome of the needless maul i ng of tbat arm . The e case sound extreme, yet the~" are occurring daily on our highways. \Yhat will our trained highway patrolman do in such case? For the man with the wrenched back he will secure, first, adequate transportation, even though that may be a 10\\'ly truck. Therein he will improvise a upporting pad of blankets, a cot, or even burlap sacks and hay, if nothing else is available, and with a directed" three-man-lift," he will, with a minimum of jostling, place his patient on the emergency bed. lle will then conduct hi m to h is home or to the nearest ciocto r or hospital. \Vith the little girl, he will gently hind her arm snugly to her body so that it "rides" with her, put Aunt Dolly on the front seat or the suitcases on the running boards, build up some cushions or support for the little girl in the back seat of the car, and conuuct [he fath r at a smooth pace to home or do tor's office. TVOll17ds 70itiz Bleeding.-\Vith most of ou r automobile glass cnclosed, incised an I laccrated wounds of varying degrees of severity and multiplicity from the greatest number of injuries occurring along the roads. These wounds always result of course in a certain amount of bleeding, a ording to [he part wounded and the blood supply of that part, The average person of mid lIe life has in his body fiver or six quarts of blood. In surgi cal practice we generally use one pint of blood at a time in a blood transfusion. This amount docs not ordinarily at all impair the health of the donor, and in ~ix weeks he is ready to gi\"e ano[her pint. So we can say with all truth that the loss of a cupful or so of blood is really nothing to be greatly 3.larmed about; and again head long haste is not absolutely necessary. A second important factor in case of hc:emorrhage is the blood pressure behind the bleeding. The blood pressure of a man sitting, walking or exerting himself is sometimes 30 to 40 points higher than that of the same individual lying quietly on his back. This brings up again crowd .. ing persons with bleeding wounds into a car and tearing along the road with them. Such procedure often raises the blood pressure sufficiently to break loose clots already formed in a wound, or forces bleeding through a compress and causing an addi tional loss of blood. Your highway patrolman properly trained in first aid will, therefore, proceed more deliberately. He will not be unduly alarmed by the sight of blood, but will put on an adcquate dressing or tourniquet first. After that he will transport the injured person to a surgeon in a manner designed

January , 1933.

FIR S T

A I D.

to conserve th blood- keepi ng the blood pressure uown a t a safe leve l, and his ratient wel l cared ror and treated to prcvenL shock incident to the hcemorrhage . Broken B aIZes . \Vh at has been said about minor injuries app li es as well to broken b:>nes, es p cially the smaller oncs . .:\Iinor fractures in general are not dangerous to life, but the injurcd per on can certai n Iy be made to bear a great deal of unnecessary pain if the broken part i..., not properly and considerately cared for. Fractures of the largcr bones, if handled properly [rom the moment of inception, need not be of grav con. equence, but if abused may result ina seriolls and even fatal outcome. [n our own California, \\ ithin the last \ car, a member of the State IIi ghway Patrol was obligcd to have his leg amputat d a. the re ult of improper, inexpert handling of a simpl fracture of the thigh bone a serious injury, true, but one \\ hich -;bould not have had such fearful con equcllcc. A ')imple fracture is on in \\ hich the skin is unbroken and bone fragments do not protrude. A compound fracture is on in which these mo ' t gra\ c complications have supcrn~ned and to \\ hich is acldeu the trem ndous danger of h,cmorrhage and hacterial in\'asion or infe tion. ~eed onc urge the importanc of pre\ enting these gra\ e condition-; '~ Thc jagged nds of a f ractu rt.:u bone arc "err sharp and can lit through the sUPlorting tis...,ucs in thc t\\inkling of an C)e. ol1siLicr for a momcnt, persons you ha\ e known with fra tur s of onc of thc larger bones who have lain in hospital si .' or se\ en days or more bcfore the ':;urgeon c\'en dttcmptcd to reduce thc fra lur and apply a permanent splint. The lc. son from such proced 1I r is that in the great majority of cas s the doctor is obI igcd to \\ ait for time to dis ipate til s\\elling and permit him to secur an accuratl: apposition and alignmenL of the fragments. Such fractures are not a matter of hou rs and da \'s, but of week and mon ths, and improper handling can but prolong these periods. Time, therefore, i the least important factor invo lved in such cases; gentleness and dextcrity are a ll-important. To illustrate, I would say that were I ly in a in the hills many miles from a hospital w ith a broken thigh bone, I \\ould prefer to wait six or even 12 hours wh i Ie a truck and cot were brought out to carry me in, than to take a chance on being boosted into the back seat of an automobile and bounced down the road, at every bump the flesh being torn more and more by the bony fragments. Your trained first aider needs no shin i ng metal splint, but will make one from fence-rail or barnsides, padded with grass if necessary. He will apply it easily and then secure a proper vehicle for transportation. Fractured kull.-Our gravest injury-a frac-

I H5

- - - - - - - - - - -- tllreu skull ; the greatest ,n ortality, the most disaprointing after effects! This injury is a frequent one . :\Iodern surgeons arc ever more conservative in the treatment of this most serious injury, and generally reluctant to operate immediately. Tearing of delicate brain tissues, escape or impoundmen t of spi nal nuid, hcemorrhage wi th i n the brai n, and infection, are but a few of the factors in any hreak in the vault or base of the brain cavity, although often the fracture may be but a faint line revealed only after X-ray examination . Shock, or lowered vitality, is a certain complication of every skull fracture . Terrible as the wound may appear, [he utmost gentleness and dexterity are absolutely essential to even the preservation of life, to say nothing of hoping for an individual po sessed of even three-fourths of his faculties followi ng h is recovery. Unless absolutely una voidable, persons wi th fractu red skulls must always be transported lying stretched out flat or at least with the head only slightly elevated, and kept \\'ell covered and warm lest shock and pneumonia take a life that otherwise might be sayed. Your trained first aider knows these things. Fracture of Rz'bs alld Peh,z(; BOlles.- The shape of thc tr~nk of the body is oval, and frac tures of its bonv framework often result in the bone fragmcnts l;ein~ driven into the vital organs, punct'Hing lung, liYer, or bowel. Perhaps with the fracturc originally there is little imyard displacement of thc fragments, but improper or rough handling can drive the fragments farther in, and the result is injury of one or more of the internal organs-a complication leading to death in the majori t)' of instances. Recen tly, ina Cal ifornia commul1lty, a girl was brought to the hospital with a broken pel\Tic bone. She had been bunuled imo a crowded car, thus causing the bone fragment to dri\'e into the bowel, which ,,'as torn as a result; and general peritonitis developed. The girl died with an injury that primarily ,,,as not grave and which, if properly handled in transportation, could have been brought to complete recO\'err within a few weeks' time. Another case ,vas a-little girl brought to an emergency hospital dead, held in the arms of a terrified relative ,,-ho had squeezed the little one's fractured ribs into the lung. Returning to the "wrenched back," spoken of above, who knows whether that injury may not have been a slight dislocation of a vertebra, or even a fracture of one of those bones, in which improper handling might lead to compression and even seving of the spinal cord? Here, again, gentleness and proper transportation are your allies. .dspl~lxiatzon.-Although asphyxiation due to poison gases, electrocution, or immersion in water (drowning), are not often seen along the highway, our patrolmen are trained to render efficient artificial respiration, There are many methods of app lying art ifi cial respiration, but the one - - - - - - --

FIRST

186

A I D.

J au uary , 1933.

taught by the American Red Cros , the p.rOl:epressure method, bas been adopted by the majority of other life-saving agencies as being the simple t and most efficient. Seldom reguir d, but pemittina- of no violation of its principle whatsoever, artificial respiration is the highest type of first aid extant. \\ e have rather briefly d iscu sed orne of the more common and serious injuries that are occurring daily along our high\vays. :'IIembers of the patrol attending the California Hi ghway. Patr?l School are all carefully taught and dnlled In caring for these injuries. The interest, zeal, and adeptness of the men has been most remarkable to witness . I am sure that the years to come will show the patrol with a high score of service and well -m erited commendation for its work in reI ie\, ing suffering and saving lives.-T/ze Red O-oss

12.

Coztr'£er, U.S. A.

19. LOSDR,\. " Twelvc's 111)' number, not m)' age, And I support a boney cage. " 20. Ycxocc. " If this a part of a monkey were, 'T\\'ould probably be covered with a whi p of hair."

Jumbled Bone s.

AT the end of each course of lectures the members of Derby 2 ha\'e a party, with games bearing on the subject studied. The Commandant, J\liss C. 1 ~e lson, has deyised a number of games that others might like to try. 1. :'lUURIlSE. " The brachial artery press against me, And the bleeding will stop in a t\yinkling you'll see." 2. BIITA. " v\'hen I got broken, fi\'e bandag-es I had, A splint as well, which they forgot to pad 1" 3. LUABFI. " Long and thin, and one of two, I '\'e some hea '"y work to do." . L LCPAAcs. " I'm not often fractured, but \\·hen I am You apply the right bandages and support the right arm."

5. UACRSM. " Just a mass of bones held fast, Coming jU 5:t before the last." 6. IpSLEY. " I come in between the legs and spleen." 7. BEE\'ATRR. " Twenty-four just made like me, But larger and smaller each one will be." 8. AEL VLCIC. I I I often get broken but very soon mend, Put a pad in the armpit, and the arm gently bend." 9. Ti\1EASTAURS. " Five little bones joined on to seven, Just one less would make them eleven . " 10. TAEM AALPCR. " If you massage me, take care There are five of me, beware !" 11. HEGAAPESL. " Ten little fingers and ten little toes Put to so many uses that nobody kno\vs !"

187

A I D.

Our Nurses' Pages.

If I fracture once my ba e. It's a very criou case."

TlJl\'~IRc"\.

I'm u eful to those \\'ho are dull or clever, But not to those with no brains whatever." 1..1-. Tcsl\';\lb:R. " If you follow Ill)' line, at any rate, You may be quite sure your ti will be straig ht." I I

15.

CRD.\1.

From the left to the right, or the right to the left, \Vhicheyer you like, I'm exceedingly cleft." i6. N,\cL. " l\ [ y function is to stay quile still " 'hile another moves about at will." 17. I RLCACE\'. I I \Ve are eyen." I I

1(. ABDIRU. " I an1 . . . . . . And fiye's my number."

21. A GA:\lE FOR FIRST AlDERS .

FIRST

KLL U. II

13.

J anuary, 1933.

A]\\,.

" It makes it too ea y if I tell you outright, But l'\"e svmething' to do \\'ith the chew nnd the hite. " 22. SOTDAI\lT. " The bandagc for this a diflicult thing, But at lea~t there's no thinking about any :-.Iing"." 23. O;\l.\GZY Rll,\C. I I From nose to ear and under th e eye, That is the po it ion in which I lie~" 24. EPLAATL. " ;\ very i III portan t fe Ilah Is the jolly little 25. NNCYF OENB. " You may fail to ee my humour It upon me you should fall, For though wry sharp and pointed, I am not a bone at all !" 26. R1I1EUF. If I should get a crack, just put me on my back. I I

27. LCRAPA. " A cluster of eight, you can gues at the ·w eight." KEY TO J U;\IBLED BONES. 1. Humerus. 10. Jeta Carpal. 19. Dorsal. 2. Tibia. j 1. Phalanges. 20. Coccyx. 3. Fibula. 12. Skull. 21. Jaw. 4. Scapula. 13. Cranium. 22. l\lastoid. 5. Sacrum. 1-1-. Sternum. 23. Zygoma Arch. 6. Pelvis. 15. Radius. 24. Pat ella. 7. Vertebra. 16. Ulna. 25. Funny Bone. 8. Clavicle. 17. Cervical. 26. Femur. 9. Meta Tarsus. 18. Lumbar. 27. Carpal. -The British R ed Cross Qua1'lerly R ez.,iew.

For your next dance, whist drive or other soci21 event do not foro-et to order copies of the posters advertised in this Journal. ::-. The first annual dinner of the Orgreave Colliery Branch of the S.J.A.A. was recently held at the Hanusworth Working Men's Club.

COMPILED

AMBULANCE 3

II. R II. TilE PHINCESS I~t)\',\L ,\ '1 \'.1\. n. COMPETI'1'IONS. - 11. R. H. the Princess R oyrli \·isited II arewood Barracks, Leeds, to present the awards to the winners of the "\-Vest Riding- V.l\. D. final comretitions. She was received hy 01. E. \-Y .. tanyforth, in the una\·oiclable absence of Sir Edwarcl Brooks\\·ood. There wcre also rresent Brig-. (Jeneral \\'. S<lndys, County Cont roll ' r, Lady Perrott, R. R. C" Lady. upl.-in- hid, .J.t\.B., and Col. de la Pr) Ille, n'presenting \ .....\. D. Heaclquarter'i. On her arri\al, thl' Princess Royal inc:;pected a guard of IH)llour forn1l'd ()f \' .. \. D. \, follo\\ in~ which Brig-. Gent-ral . and) s gin e a r-l'rort of the year's \\orle Ill' . <lid that the \ l'ar had Iwell a satisfactol'\ one, hoth ac:; to increasL' d ;lLIllleri( al st rl' ngth and alsl) ,;s to enlciency. They no\\' had -II dL'lacllllll'llt-; \\ ith it total memhership of oyer 1,000 the latter beingan increae O\er In.,t )\,<lr's tol ;ti of Y7J. ~e\\· detachment-; had beell formeu at Denl1\' Dale, YL'auon, \\\,tllerh,· and ])oncaster. JIe cordialh' \\cleorned Lad\' r\~ rnltt ;{nd (,\)1. de lit Pr) mc, and thankL~d the \\'cst Riding. fnr its 'turpnrt of their work. Tile (·OrllPl't itiL)n" had hl'L'n a great c:;uccess, and had pro\'L'd a remar kahle achie\L'lllcnt fM till' S.]..\. B., all thL leam:-i heing· mL'l1llwrs of that hl)dy. Fl)r the \\'onlL'n's COI11IwtiliL)ns therl' \\"l'n' 21 L'nlr il's fL)r thl' l'\Cnt OpClI to seniors, and -I fo r th.lt f()r juni,)I"',. TL's t ... ...,uch a the'ie werc L"l'L'llent tr.lining, in that thl') prolllotl'd a tcam :-.pirit. l\,1 \\\'ar. ('Ill' nf tht' judges, tlll'n g-;\\l' \ariou ('rili( isms I'll Illl \\ork Llf till' ((lmpetitl'r~. ,"pl'nking gl'nl'rall" I hl' \\ pr k \\' :t" l·'ll'llL'nl. TIll' nur..,l·. ." IHI\\'C\'e r-, ...,hO\\'l·d :1 rl1l1ch Iwttl'r kllll\\ kdgl' of IJome :\ur'ting than (If I;ir...,t \ill. llll)ugh thl' laller \\as (If ...,u('h g-n'at importar1l'l'. II.R.11. tl1l' !'!"irlll·...,.. , I~O);ll IhL'n g-r;ll·i,)u..,l) prl'''L'nlt' d till' fLlIILH\ in;,: :\\\ard" III till' \\l'rlll' n ,·ompctitor...,: Sl' nillro.;: I-..t, .. I~i ngllam" Cup. \ ' . \.D. -1-+. :'Ilcll;.alll. 1)5 .() milr]..:-.. ; 2nt!, ,. :'II i...,s .\...,hlwrry " Cup, \ ' .. \.1). 7X, Ll'l'cl", ()-f'l) m:trk...,; 3rd, " \11''>. Ilill" Cup. \' .. \.0 . .16. York, t)3', marks; -Ith, .. :'Ilr...,. ~Iod,il:" 'ur. \ '.:-\.1). 190, ' heITield, <J3 Illark~.

JuniL)rs . I..,t . "Lady KatlllL'l'n Pilkinglon" up, Y .. \.D . 2, "·akcfil'ld. :-1-1 mark.,; 2nd, " :'Ilr'>. :\ortl)n" Cup, Y .. \.D. j:->, l.l'L'd<;, 77·g marks. .\ \ote (If than].;..., was propl)o.;ed to lIer Ro\·a l Ilighncs h) Brig-. Cl' neral andys, this Iwing sl'conded'by "·\Iderlllan R. 11. Black, Lord .\ Iav or of Leeds. For tile c\)l1lpetitio~ls the following- acted as judges: Practical \\'ork :'Ilic:;s Barr-on, AR.R.C., l\latron of York :\lilitary IIospital; l\[iss .\h earn, .. \ . R. R.C., l\!alron o~ Catterick JIo pital; l\Jiss Innes, R.R.C., l\latron of Leed,> Inllrll1<lr\,; 1\Ji . Hall, ister at York l\lilitnr\' Ho _ pital. Oral Test 01. W ear, c.:\I.G., T.O.;' Capt. Vachell, R . ..\.l\l.c. ; Capt. Burridge, R ... \.l\I.C.(T.); Carl. Stoddard cott, R. ,\.1\1. C. t. niform - Lady District Onlccr l\ li s .• \ shherryand l\frs. Geldard, .J .. \. B.

GUlI,DFORD NURSING DIVISION, S.J. r\ .B.-The annual comr etit ion of this Division was held last month, five teams compcting for thc "Knowles" Cup. The judges " 'ere Dr. Lionel Lanka, ter and l\ l iss .\ . ;\1. Davis, and the practical test \\·as "ery up-to date. ] t \\'as supposed thal a post office had been "isited by armed r<liders who had left the postma ter g-agged and suffering from gunshot wounds and fractured ribs. Thl' CLIp was \Von by a tf'alll led hy A /S ]\[iss Rcc\'cs,

•

SISTER.

the other members of which wcre .. \;S :\liss Taylor, :'Iliss l\Jarlin rind :'Iliss Srtunders. They gained 90t marks. A t('am led by :'I[rs. Ede was a ,·ery close econd with 90 met rks. Lady Oi,'. Surt. l\[rs. Henry presented the "Knowles" Cup to the \\·inners. .. \mong tho e who showed their interes t by attendingthe competition were Lady Peters, Dr. F ... \. Bel<llll, Dr. Cecil Lrtnkaster, Dr. Rolleslon, :'Iliss Campion, :'Iliss King-, Corps SLIp!' J. v\'. Lambert, and Di\·.. up!. J. D. RuttL'r.

BRII-: RFlf, n Nl.'RSI:-;(; DI\'lslo:-..'. - This Di"ision has surrered a sad loss by the de<lth of Dr. Mrtude Cunningham, the Lacly Di\ isional Surgeon, \\'hich took place on December 23rd. Dr. Cunningham \\'as only 23 year::. of ag-e and was arpointed Di\'i iOllal Surgeon to the 'ursing Di\'ision on :\o\·e mher 16th, 1928. By her splendid \\'ork she endeared herself to c"ery member of the Cnit and her loss is se\·ere!\· felt. The internment took pbce in Pendle on December 26 th, representati\ es frolll \'arious public bodice; attending- . :'II ember. of the Brierl1eld ..\lllbulance Di\'ision acted as hearers. J

SOC'TIIER:-..' R .\IL\\·,\\' CO;\II'ETllloN.--The compctition for learns compo-cd of female memhers of the railway st:l.rr will takc place in :'Ilarcll of this year, entries to bc in hy February 15th, Prizes will be awarded to the indi\ idllal memher~ of till' ,,-inning team to the value of 15 - each, while each Illl'mher of the team gaining- econd place will recei\e a prize to the \·allle of 126. Thc first team will hold the General :\lanag-er· . Challenge Trophy for the 1'IlslIing ) ear. The test. ma' neces itate the application of the roller h~lndag·e. \\'here transrort of a patient has to be rtrrangecl, a sistanb will be prO\'ided to i-tct under the direction of lhe competitor or competitors NO.7 DISTRlCT, .J.A. B. CO~lrETITlo:-;s.-The District competrtlOn arranged by Dr. R. L. 1<. Downer, County COll1ll1is~ioner, "'ere held in the Masonic H all, hrewsbllf\, last month. Th' judge were l\fnjor John Orton, :'Il.n"., om missioner for No. 3 \\'estern Di trict, Dr. Da\·ison of \V olverhampton, and :'Iliss Bedingfield and l\[is Wilson, l\ [atron and Assistant Ia ~ron re pectiwly of the Royal alop Inhrmary. There were two competition, one open to senior' for the District Shield, and the other for Ilo\·ices for the " Alderman Perks" Cup. Th e former was WOI1 by Shrew. bury No.2 Di\'i ion team, of which l\1iss Bullock \"as the leader, this team scoring 313 marks out of rossible total of -130. It will represnt the District in the Brigade finals this year. The" P c'rks " was \\'on by 0 westr\, with 254 marks. The tests and tandard of ma(king were identical in both competitions. The trophies were presented to the \"inners by Lad\' Corbet, a former Lady Di\,. Supt. of hrc\\,sbury.· Each member also recei\'ed a small prizp, the gift of Lady Berwick and others. Votes of thanks ,,·e re propo ed by Dr. Downer to Lad\' Corbet for kindly making the presentations. to the judge fo'r their valuahle services, and to Lrtdy County Onlccr J\T re;.

188

FIR S T

Andrews and Lady Supt. Mi ss Corner a nd others who had assisted in organisincr the competitions and ca rryi ng out th e arrangement ' that d;y. .J ..-\. A.. EX,\~llN.-\ rJO:-: SCCCESSES AT SOl· rHG.\TE.-At the examinat ions held at Southgate on December 1st an d 2nd, following a course of lectures in First Aid Riven by Dr. Louisa \\'estlake, all of the -+2 candidate were successful, the following- awards being gained :Two labels, 9 medallions, 2 vouch r , anJ 29 certil1cate . A course of lectures in Hom e Nursing will be gi " e n by Dr. vVestlake commencing J anuary 19th at 7.30 p. m. at Southgate County S chool, Fox Lane. Further particulars may be obtained from Irs. Balchin, -+5, Wind or-road, N.13. A LINK WITH FLORENCE r-ilGHTlNGALE.-This month there pa sed away at Edinburgh, a personal friend of Florence :"Jightingale and of Dr. Li vingstone, thE' African Mis ionan'-i\li s J es ie Lennox, who died at the adva nced age of 102. In 1862, this lady accompa nied Mrs. Livingstone to the mouth of the Zambesi trom Durban, whither they ,,'ent to meet Dr. Livingstone. Later, ~liss Lennox entered the Nightingale Training School for t\urst:s in L ondon, and was one of six nurses chosen by Florence Nightingale to take u p du ty at etley Hospital, and the first to be appointed by the "Var Office. One of her most treasured possessions was Dr. Liyingstone's "Last Journals" \\'hich was presented to her by Miss Nightingale and which was inscribed as follows :-" Offered to Miss Lennox in memory of her old friend Dr. Livingstone, and with an earnest prayer that we may each of us be enabled to do our duty as he did, each in our own ·w ork to which we are called . (Signed) Florence lightingale, London, ] uly 1, 1876." On the occasion uf the Scottish \Nar l\lemorial in Edinburgh in 1927, Miss Lennox \Vas an honoured guest, the King, the Queen, and the Prince ("If ·Wa.les shaking hands \'vith her on this occasion. PROTECTION Or THE CJ\'IL POPULATlul IN C1-JE~llCAL v-"ARFARE.-Much prominence has been g-i\"en recently in the daily press to this subject, and to the training first aiders are recei\'ing to deal with cases of gas poisoning which may result from chemical warfare at some future date. Some writers appear to look upon this as quite a new type of train ing, while there are a number of people who regard the fact that men and women are learning the means of helping possible sufferers as distinctly a warlike action on the part of such trainees, and others who deem the whole sch~l1le harmful in that it may a rouse fear for thE future in the minds ot the civilian populatiun. This particular form of training is not new to fi rst aiders as a whole, although it may be to some. As different countries discover new and deadlier gases, so chemists in others will endea\'our to combat these weapons by discovering means of lessening and /or neutralising 1he effects of them. Thus respirators may alter in type, and t ho,e on whom the carrying out of first aid t r eatment will fa ll must needs keep their knowledge up to date. If th is cou nt ry should ever be involved in another war-a state of affairs no one wants to see-there would be no t im e to acquire the necessary knowledge for the work that members of the Brig-ade might be called upon to do. Eng-land can nG longer rely on her island position for immunity from invasion. Th e perils of airtravel daily become less, eve n over quite long di sta nces; improvements in aircraft make for greater safety, and traveling by air is certainly much quicker than that by lan d or water. Thus the island is linked up with the Co ntine nt practically as closely as if she ·were part of its mainla nd , while it may be a matter of but a sho rt. time before other

A 1 IJ.

January, 1953.

co ntinents a re within com paratively a few hours' air travel from her. rhus, should the need ever arise for a knowledge of the treatment of " gas" cases among the civilian population, it must be ga ined and maintained before there is a ny likelihood of its being required. That the training of men and women in thi special branch of fir t aid shows a d esire for war, or will cau e w~ r, is abs urd. Because a doctor expe rim ent in order to find a cu re tor a particular di ea e , he does not thereby increase the number of cases suffering from t hat same disease; neither is the number of people who s ustain fractures increased because each year there ar m ore p rson qualified by training and examination to render first a id. in such cases. It is quite conceivable that a trained fi r t alde r may go through the whole of his life \\'ithou~ com~ n g .up agai nst a ca e of arterial haemorrhage, asphyXia, pOI onll1g, or one of the other seriou s accidents or illne se the treatment ('If which he has to learn and of \\'h ich his knowledge i te tcd yearly. Yet he still maintains his knowledge, de. pite the fact that in his case i( may appea r to be \Va t d efTort. It i<; but natural that there shou ld h a dread of chemical warfare, but much of this fear is due to the fact that few people kn ow a nyth in g about it. It is that f ar which is considered of the greatest value in this typ at warfare. With a fair knowledge of the effects of ga , the treatment necessary to combat them, and faith in the mean availab le for protection, this dread is to a great extent minimised. I t is surely up to all first aiders to ee that their knowledge of the subject is up-to-date, 0 that hould the need a ri se they may be ready to meet it, not onl) prepared to help tho e actual ly stricken down by the fTects of the gas, but by their confident manner, due to their train in g, they may insti l a measure of confidence and calm in those ·w ho may be terror-stricken at the time, or who are no\\' fea rful of what might never happen in their lifetime.

F1RST

January, 19.33.

Uniforms & Equipment. IEIT AID CHEAPEIT HOUlE II THE TRADE.

S.W.1

Text

Tele~rams: Unlqulp. LondoD.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, etc.,

IN FIRST AID.

Fifth Edition . Se\'enteenth Thousand. Revised in :lecon.b,nc.: with 38th Edition of St. John Text Book.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, etc., IN HOME NURSINC. C:;eeo"d Edllion.

WARWICK & TUNSTALL ' ~ FIRST AID SERIES (in Stock ). Particulars of the above or of COLLIE & WIGHTMAN'S SERlES forwarded on application.

FIRST AID FOR FOOTBAlLERS and other ATHLETES. trong paper folde'5, 31d each, or :.11, 6d. per dozen (post free) Supplied direct by-

F .

HARWOOD ,

(Servl'lg Brother of the Order and Southern Railway Go'd Medallist), Aurtit -\ccount:lnt's Office, LONDO BR IDGE STATI ON, S.E.1.

S ILVER\\·OOD COLLIERY .. \~IBCL.\l\'CE L\ ._ The Se\cnth .\nnual .\mhulancl! Competition for the .. Bancroft 'ow,lrd". hield and til "Thre h" Cup will take placL' t)1l aturday, Februar} 25th, 1933. Good pri/ s gi\ 1!11. For furthLr particulars apply to !Il r. E. Butkr, Oldgak-Iane, \\'hinney Hill, nU-Ir Rotherham.

Books and all the latest works obtainable without delay.

ANATOMICAL MODELS, DIAGRAMS and WALL CHARTS suitable f J r Lectures. LANTERN SLIDES.

Re\'ised in accordance "ilh 4th Edition ofSt. John Text Book. Higoly cummended by Doctors and the Pre_so 6 ~ d. each, or 55, per dozen (pJst free).

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

TIlE Association has rece n tl y extended its acti vi ties to cover the prevention of miscellaneous acciden t of everyday life not occurring on th e r02ds or in factories, wh ich cause nearl y half the accidental deaths in this country. A committee , the National Home afety Committee, has been formed under the Chairmanship of Miss C. Haslett, C. B. E., Direc tor of the Electrical Association for \;V omen. The vicechairmen are Dr. Elizabeth Sloan Ch esse r, lr. Gordon Stewart, and Miss F. U nderwooc\. Notes for lecturers have been issued in the form of a four paged leafiet, and this contains many items of interest. The total number of accidents which occurred during 1930 (latest figures available) have been tabulated under various headings, such as falls, drownin g, burns, &c. The causes and prevention of such accidents are fully explained and many practical suggestions are given for the benefit of the lecturer. Readers interested in this subject should apply fo r full particulars to the General Secretary of the ft. ..... ,,~iation at 119, Victoria-street, London,

Pattern.. to-

6.10.11.0Ierkpnwell Green. LONDON. E.O.1.

Items (Di dsional news and compelition", social, intelesting dUlies, lectu res, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/o The Editor, FI RST A lD, 46, Cannon St., l ondon, E. C. 4

The National Safety First Association.

H. K. LEWIS & CO. Ltd., Large Stock of Books on FI RST AI D, NURSING , and all Branches of Medicine and A llied Sciences.

UNIFORM CLOTHING & EQUIPMENT, CO., Ltd. Telepbone: Clerkenwell 6682.

189

MEDICAL PUBLISHERS AND BOOKSELLERS.

Latest Pattern Ambulance Uniforms a Speciality. Bend top PTotoe List an d

AID.

LONDON: H. K. LEWIS & Co. Ltd., 136, COWER ST., W.C.l. Tele phone-MusEuM 7756 (3 lines).

C a ~ te 'r 5 I INVALID

Whatever the Chassis use Carters' Ambulance Fittings.

II 1111 II II II 1111 II II III II 1111 1111 III! 1111 1111 II II 1111 II 1111 I

FUR.NITUR.E

Sectional Catalogue 7A, which is free for the asking, describes th is Patent Stretcher Elevating Gear, which is a triumph in compactness and scientific des ign, and the Whole range of AmbUlance FUrDlture and Flttmgs. By Appointment.

WRITE FOR IT.

The most up -to- date and scientific. in t he world .

THE NEW "PORTLAND" GEAR (Pat. No 38096J).

Th.is new patent Ambulance Gear offers man y unIque advantages whether the Ambulance is carrying two stretcher cases or only a sino-Ie case. A self-contained unit, it can be placed i~ almost any vehicle, and it makes the loadino- of either top or bottom the simplest possible ma~ter. The " PORTLAND" Gear should be specified for an y new Ambulance and it 125, 127, 129, Great Portland Street, provides an ideal method of modLondon, W.I. ernising vehicles Telephone-Langham 1040 . already in use. Tdegra ms- "Bathchair, Wesdo, London."

This Illustration !>bows the clear gangway for loading the lower stretcber when only one case is being carried.

II~ 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111I! 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111" 1IIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllIIIIIIIIIIIII11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

F I .R S T

190

January, 1953.

A I D. B,\:\J)ACE

Queries and J\nswet's eot't'espondents.

~ueries will be dealt with under the following rules:-

r. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C·4, 2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue 01 the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue. 3.- The Tex tbook , to which refelence may be made in this column is the 38th 1I928) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.

". II. (Totterdo\\'Il).

.\t a recent Di\"isional Practice diversity of opinion arose with reference to position of knot of Pandage ,\ in treatment of Fractured Femur. .\ memher of our squad pa .. ed the bandage round both fe t and tied the knot at the side of olle font. This was declared an CITOI- hy our N.C.O. who tied the handagl' l)1l the front and in the middle of the !l'el. The majorilY of tho ' e pre 'ent, ho\\,e, er, faH)llred tying the knot on something solid such as the bottom of the feet; hut, as the Textbook gives no definite ruling, we hall be graleful for your advice.

The majority seem to me to be right in this instance' and aI" justified in applying to Band<1ge .\ th' instructions of the Textbook in Rule 5, p. 7-+, \"ith rdercncl' ll) Band;w:C'

D. - 1\'.C.F.

FR ..\CTl·RED IlnlERus A:\O P.\L;\L\R BLEEOI:\C.

J.R. (Aberdeen).- At a rccent class examination T was asked to treat a Simple Fmc.lure of IIulllerus accompapied hy sc\'("re arterial bleeding from a \\'L)und in Palm of Hand both injurie being on the sallle limb. ~ly procedure ,,-as to place a pad \\'ithin the closed fIst and t\\'o hah'es of a ",ine cork on the Radial and elmlr Arteries ilt the \Hi t and then to bind the fi 1 and cork ,,-ith a broad-fold handag-e in boxing glo\'l~ fashion. ~es:t I applied an inner and outer splint to the Humerus; and finally, flexing the forearm, 1 lung the limb ~light1y higher than a right ang-Ie by l11ean~ of a small arm. slin~. The examiner, ho",e\'er, informed me that I shoul:! hm'e applied full forced flexion to the forea, m to stop the hleeding and that I could then hm'e used the forearm as a . plint for the Fractured IIumerus. Your decision as to the correct treatnwnt will he gr('atly appreciated. The method of l'l)ntrolling- the arterial bleeding adopted by you seems to be infinitely preferahle to that \\"hich YOLl say \\"as suggested b) your examiner. The latter method i. open to the seriou . ohjection that it cuts olTthe circulation higher up the limb than is ahsolutely essential; and it is contrary to the teaching of our Textbook to exert l1exion of the Brachial .'\rteryexcept as a temporary mea ure in an urgent emergency. Further, 1 would not dare suggest to any first aider that he can use the forearm as a splint tQr a Fractured Humerus because I kno\\" that, if he did, he would quickly displace the fragments and convert the simple into a complicated fracture by injuring the Brachi[ll artery, \·pins or ner\"e. 1\1y criticism of your method is that I fail to see what useful purpose would be sen'ed by the corks which you used as part of your improvised tourniquet, though, of course, if the fist \yas really kept tightly clenched, 1 alSree that they would not do harm. Soh'ing your problem in accordance with our Textbook I consider that it "would be sufficient to control the Palmar Bleeding and to treat the Fractured Ilumerus in the ordinary way and then to support the limb in a small arm sling.-~. CORBET FLECHER

FL)I~ FEET \\'11'11 F[~Al"J URED TII1(;II.

D.\:\GEHS

or- S\!ELLI;o.;C . \1.'1'<;.

L. "\V. (Sand \\· ell). --The follo\\'ing case sel'Il1S ll) he of t:Tn('ral interest and is Ih~' first of it-. kind ill Illy e'pcl il' nce. A youth, going home one night, hecamc din y• Ill, opened a freshly lill-=d bottle of 'm('lling .~a1ts and spla. hed SOllle of the contents into hi'i Idt eYl'. .\ftcr a sleepless night consequent on the pain in hi ... c:-e, Ill' reported for \\"ork next morning and was n:krrcd to me. I found sign<; of a 1l10'it acute inllall1mal ion of ,he L'l)njuncti,-a. So hm'ing clrc ... sed the eye I ... cnt Ill) paticnl forthwith to the I ~ye Hospital. Smelling Salts consist of carbonate of amJlloniulll and strong ammonia together \\ ith \ ariou'i "olatik oil'i 'ouch ib bergamot, orange peel, cinnamon, knwn or 1.\\ l'l1dl·I ·. I fence the acute conjuncti\ itis caused. Your kindne<;<; insendinglhis reporl i'i much apprl'ciatvd. --1\.c' F.

II.P. (IIurlingham). - In the Decemher issul' of FIRSI .\If) (p. 156) I notice that th(' author of ('/lmll,'/' ((JIlj>/1'I1' specifies Carron Oil for Scalds. .\t recent kclure" ;\11(1 in other ways it has been emphasi"'l'd I hat [hi" ,-el11l'd:must not be u ed for Burns or cald..... Cl)n ... eljuclltly, I shall be much ob li ged if you "'ill gi\"e your ruling nn the point.

You must forgi\"c the author of the poem, hecau"e in the exercise of poetic license he has fOr!;otten [hilt Carrpn Oil lon~' since went out of t he Textbook. 1\. C. F.

FIR S T

January, 19.3 3.

placed as far up the limh as possible, with H further three or four between the wound and the first ligature. .\t the end of the competit ion the examiner inform ed us that we should have pinched the finger with the fir t linger and thumb. I shall be \'ery glad indeed if you will g;"e your ,erdict on this point. 'I \)UI- treatllll'nt "'as strit U) in accordance \\ ith the I{l'\ iseJ Texthook; and the detailed marking sheet should have been drawn up in accordance with the oflicial instrultions. I conkss, however, that 1 disagr('e with the teaching of the Tc'-.thook in tbis matter, and that, like) our examiner, 1 beli've that, whenever po . . sible, compression of the limb by thumb and fingers shou ld be thc firsL step in treatment. \\'ith reference to your other question as to rate of cntn, no one Lan answcr this bccause the \enOJ1l may enter t he -blood stream immediately l)r Ill:l\ lurk in the tissue'> rOLind the wOLlnd for a longer -or short~r period.-~.C. F.

Someone seems to have blunderec1. -

. C. F.

P.;\1. (PIYllh1Ut h). I'kase tell l1le whal IS the cause of [)l'\',lll"hirL' L\)li' and ahl) what is the association bel \\'Cl n Colic and Dl'\'Llll'ihin:.

I Iwlic\c that Dl'\'l)ll:-.hirL olic is the llKal naJlle fur Ll'ad l\li oning whilh uSl'd III rL'"ult fl'lllll l-olll:tmination uf l id~ I' l"llll"l' Ljul'nt ll11 putting kaden \\"l:ig'hh intu the LiIS].;:S ,1r OIl thl' U"'l''o uf kaden presses. :\.C. F.

"".13. (('1\1)'l1.lll). I "hall hl' grall'iul if Yl)U will pkasc ldl Inc what happcns \\' hcn patil'nb Cl1lllplain uf palpitatiull of thL' hL'art. III hl'alth we arc Ilul C,)ll"cillU'i l)f tIll' adil1ll L)f the h~'alt. 11, hO\\'l:\'cr, \\'l' bl:l'~1Illl' ullpka ... antlya\\·arl: l)f ih l':\.i ... t~' ncl: Cl11lSeljul'Ilt llJl it-. illl'g"ular, \'iolent llr p.tinful :lctillJl, thl'll " - L' are said to "uller fr~lJl1 palpitatinn. The l'llJllIlHlIll".,1 l' :tll"l" -; :1rL' :',\-it:'1l1l:llt, l'xL"l'"si\e eXl'rtiull, imligl':.li"11 alIt! disl',I"'l'. :\.l..l'.

was asked to nallle the Floating Ribs and to explain \\'hy they were so called. He electrified us all when he replied :-" Those, 7.vl21'clz by IlLl'h' allarlimenl on~JI tu Ilzp sp/llnl ralumn, are a /(reallzelj> to s71 illlll7ers. " l

Good!

Next please!!

N.C. F.

TREATl\IENT OF BITES 0[7 RABID i\.Nli'lIALS .

D. n.

.( e\\' ~la.lden). - Tn a recent competition iJeld by our Division \-\"e were asked in the viva. voce lest how [0 treal a. person suffering frorn a lT~ad dog bite on the finger. The a.ns\\'er given was that a ligature sllOuld he

TELEPHONE-MUSEUl\I 2703.

ADAM, ROUILLY & (3 minutes rrom ;\Iaples).

co.,

Human Osteology, Anatomy, etc. ,

18, Fitzroy St., Tottenham Court Rd" London, W.1. lIuman Articulated & Disarticulated Skeletons & kulls. Half-Skeletons, Peh'es & I a:lal Skulls. A Cpper & Lower Lxtremitics, I~ ect, Hands & Loose Bones of eYery description. Anatomical \f odcJs & Wall Charts,etc. Bandage Figures & Limbs.

Lar gest Selection in Europe.

Inspection Cordiall y Invited.

PRICE LISTS FREE ON APPLlCATION.

Binding Copies of 'I F. A." and tidyhave them bound. Send your copies for the last Volume (J uly, 1931, to June, 1932) and we will return same bound in an attractive case of leather cloth, with the title of the publication in gold letters on the front and side and the eight pointed cross on front, for 6s . , post free. Complete Volumes can be supplied at 9s., post free. Binding Cases only, 2s . 9d. post free. Orders should be sent to DALE, REYKOLDS & CO., LTD.,

+6, CAN'N'O:\" STREET, LO:-..'DON, E.C.+.

AMBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE, By p, C. BOTfO}ILEY, M.D. A booklet to aid those interested in Ambulance aDd Stretcher \Vork.

Price 2d. each, post jpee. "First Ald." 46. Cannon Street. London. E C 4.

L1~ll \ L Ql' I~ R I I':S .\;\~ \\,ERED. T. \\'. (l;ld\l· ... Lnd). Thl' StatlllL' llf Lil1lilaliL)lls all,,\\~

:.i:-;: yL'.lr ... fur all nrdinary liquidated debt. " PIlIL" (\largate). Eight i" the J1umber Cl1Ullty "urt Jur}, :tntl thl' fee i" one "hiling each.

fur a

IIILD.\ F. (Did~bun). - \'ou cannot 11lJ1lpel a linn tl) sl'11 an arliciL: at the price ad\l~ rtisl'd ill a Sale Catalogue E. J\[ \1 fL.\ ' ll \\ 'OOLF.

TIlE LE!..i,\L .\ND ETJIIC.\.L ,\S PECTS

Ol~

MEDICAL QU,\CKERY. By Leonard Le Marchant f\Iinty, Ph.D., 13. ~ c., B.CUIll., L1. H., Barrislel·-at-Law. J/CiIlC/I/aIlIl:

is. od.

Fir~t .\ider~ ~hould be "en interestl'd in thi~ book. Of ~ourse, they ar~ not to read it J11~diCG~1 quack~ searching for the border line, but purely as intelligent persons with an interest in medical affairs. Dr. 1inty has certainly done his subject justice> and the book is worth more money than the price printed on the cover.-E. MAITLAND "VVOOLF,

FOR1

S.\LE :-Rol1cr Bandges B. P.C. Quality ( \\'.0.\\ '.), in. x 6 yards, 76 gross . Good Quality (W.O .\\T.), 1 in. x 6 yards, 6 '- gro ' s. Other sizes in proportion. Also good quality Triangular Bandage at -+ '- per dozen, ample!> Sd. each. Boric Lint (B.P.C.) 1 0Z. packet, 2 - per dozen; II ospital, 1 9 per dozen. COttOIl Wool (B. P. C) 1 oz. packets, 1 10 per dozen; Hospital, 1 :3 per dozen. All post free . Ca -h with order. - A.septo Bandage Co., 46, Cannonstreet, London, E. c.-+.

A.LLMAN'S

Reviews.

EXA;\II:\.\TIO~ HO\\'LER.

n.s. (East Ihm).-Tn a recent class examination a memher

191

KEEP your Copies of FIRST AID clean

Dl,\ O:-i'<-;][llm Clll.!C.

CATECIIIS.\[ OF HO;\lE ~llRSIl\'G. E.S. (Clifton).-Can you please inform m why \\'(' arc told in the Catechz"s171 of Ilvme ..Vursin.R (1'. 21) to : " Blo\\' in air wiLh the bellows when fIlling a ulata bed" ? It seems a curious instruction and one which is not mentioned in the I\ursing Texthook. 1 thank YOll for past help a'1d await your valued reply.

A I D.

POCKET ANATOMICAL ATLAS

Size 6/1 x 3t" (Plates i' x 6"). Illustrated by Twelve Coloured Plates from Original Drawings. Contains a n anatomical description of the plates and the arran gem ents and physiological fun ctions of the H uman Body, arranged in maniki n form. A valuable Atlas for First Aid St udent ~.

P.rice 1 /-

(post free).

- Supplied iJy

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon Street, London, E.C.4.

192

FIRST

xceJlent applicatjo~ 'A mostek_ Affections- - - for all 5 In~~ _____-

-A -FAMOUS

LONDON

A I D.

January, 1933.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRICADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

S.J.A.B. POSTERS

AIDa

Regulation-Right! Quality-Right! Price - Right

STOCK

NURSES

COATS,

AIDa

Especially suitable fop a.dveptising the Bpigade Film.

co., YORKS .

No. z8I.

A local printer "an fill 10 the blank space with any required matter.

the h LJndreds of testimonials from grateful GEMOLE"IE USers has been added confirmatIon from a prominent London doctor His letter is reproiJuced belo~ .•. yet FU~TfiER oroof that for rapid PAINLESS skin heal . !ng GERMOLENE Ointment IS unequalled.

CORBET FLETCHER,

"After con,i.derab le cxperie Ice of G~r~olene ~mtme n t, i t is my definite opinIOn that Its great value lies in tb e f~ct that i~ combi~es a strongly g-erm i. cldal ac tIOn with very effe ctive ?etergent and soothing p rop e rties . I t IS, t~e refore , a most excellen t apollcation for all ski n affectIOns a '1 d tbe best remedy I have e\'er found fo r inc;ect bite; and sti ngs. It also a ppears to be abso rbe d into the subcutaneous tissues, thus aidin({ in the m as~age t reatme nt of sorains anrl co~t r ~sions by dis persi ng effusio ns [l nd re l.levmg co ngestion with concomitan t ~a m . I n all , a very valuab le prepara. tlOn for a doctor's use." M . D., London.

THE

M.A., M.B

rvlco ... it il d4,ig",d."-BRITISH MEDICAL ]OORNAL.

COMMON

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, St. John's Gate, LONDON, E.C ...

THE UNIVERSAL BUTTON CO., 13, 15, 17, SURAT STREET, BETHNAL CREEN, E.2.

Tke man1'./acturers will be cUlI:f'lzted to seJld a g-enerous g rat is trial sam!>,le to members of tlu medical iJrofissio)l all' / to ,;urses 4nd Ilospita! (>Iliclals wlto eNclose tILt': pro/essiona l cal·d.

Telephone. ADVANCE 2254, ILLUSTRATED LIST FREE .

CARRIAGE PAID. 2/- pall'; 4 pa.lrs. 7 /-; 10 pall'S, 17/-

1,000 Ex-Army Ambulance Stretchers,

ASEPTIC OINTMENT (1/3 & 31-) 01 'Zll CIUlJl lftS throug-hout the Britis Tz £Ittp i ·n . S ole Dist1"'bu 1oYs .

THE VENO

DRUG CO., LTD.'

MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS

••

MANCHESTF.R. ENG.

FIRST-AID.

, 1 his 600" gif)" G cl.G".,. iMsig-M iMto tM m.Ouuis aMti tii#icwltill DJ ."""r."c,

1"."i"",,1 b" IGY",." thGM 1M otficiGI T • .xihook its.l/, "-LANCET.

COMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcher, Individnal and Question-Six F o lders~. Price 6d. each net. post, .~tI Each Folder contains special article on Competitions :-No. I, Training of Com. petition Teams; No.2, Conduct of Team in Competition Room; No. 3, CommoD Errors In Competition ; NO.4, Further Errors in Treatment; No. s. History 0 Competition Tests; No.6. Preparation o( Tests.

WHY

AND

WHEREFORf:

Fifth Edition.

FIRaT-AID.

Price II. lid •• post free.

Dllflaaltlu II StUdy aDd treatmeDt .ohed by QDOItiOD alII Alner. urvi.,. "-FIRST AlD.

HINTa

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLIEa.

Post fr"'e , lid.

ortlerly Datles Ilmplllled aull Tabulated, wltll A!tJI te M,mory. "'(Jlt co",pGci b.,.oclc".,.. .

co.. /ai .. s ... Nck Mufti i .. /r;.--Gtio ..... - PRKSCRIBBR

FI RST AI D.

Illnsrrated by So dlagnms In Colours with Explanatory Letterpress. By Sir JAMES CANTLIE, K . B.E" LL.D . , M.A., M.B. C.M. , F.R.C.S. , D.P.H .R .C. P. 7!d. net; post free.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES. Mounted on Canvas, R oller t op a nd bottom. 255 . net each . Post . IS. I . Human Skeleton , (ront view. 2. Muscles, (ront view. 3. Hnman Skeleton back view i . Mnscles, back view. S. The Heart and principal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (B). 8. Viscera o( the Chest a nd Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera o( the Chest and Abdomen (D). 10. The Nervons System. II . Schematic diagram of Circulatior. T 2. Tbe Homao Ear. 13 Tbe Hnman Eye. 14. Median Secti on tbroogb Skin 1~ . M edian "ectlon tbroc e-h Head.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. Male. 808 . net.

Female. 8011. net.

\Vith Foetus, 851. net.

Ca rria ge 2 ••

A book that Is selling by the hundred.

ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES.

Their Signs, Symp toms a'ld .. First Aid" Treatmen t. An Ideal femorizer Quick Reference. By A. T. GOODING . With Preface by W ILLI AM L OCK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN N ICOl-SOl', M.A., l\LB., Cb.B.Glas. ••. :lid . net post free.

CAItVELl..

M.It.C.B.Ella.

FIR.T AID IN FEW WORDS. (zooth thousand) R evised.

With Coloured Diagrams. 12pp.

HOME

NURSUIIIB IN

Clotb, 6d.

Strong paper. :ld.

14 pp.

BANDABINO

Strong paper, lid.

Strong paper. lid .

HEALTH IN FEW WORD •• 8y Sir It. 20th Thousand.

Post rd.

DIAIIRA ....

':l pp.-p bandaging diagrams, with notes. P. R C. s.

Post Id.

FEW WORDS. (56th thousand). R evised

Wltb nsefol reference tables.

Post Id.

If . PI~TH.

Paper folder 3 in. and 4 it..

D.P." Post free ad. n et.

HOW AItD M. PItBSTO.... D.",o",t".ID" ID tk. P~l"tICIc"rc . Price 15. net; postage , 2d Its Application Accurately Described by Words and lIO Diagrams. THE ROLLER BAN DAilE. Price 15. nel; postage, 2d. lis Application Accuratelv Described by Words and 102 Diagrams.

THE TRIANOULAR BAN DAilE:

1,000 Pairs New Stretcher Slings,

Brand

••• net: post lid.

For all au ppllea write:

test supply on application

ERRORS

Brrors ID Plrst·Ald Detailed aDd Explained.

M.R.C.S .

FLAC DAYS. HOSPITAL FETES. CARNIVAL DANCES.

FREE

FIRaT-AID.

" w. co",,,,.,,d tI,il 6(Jolt to L,etNr..., ""d Stwd4",. wko will AMd {f 0/ rr ••'

" '-\., a w~)rk of reference. the book wi ll be exc r emely u..;efu l and hould be in the library of a lt amhu lance \\·orkt:r.,." - FIR r .\ 10. Price, 3 /6; pos t tree. 4/~.

Post free •• 1. ad .

Proble •• II Itady, lreltmelt aDd Hnmillatiol lolnd I.r 101l10r ItUnts II Wi/howl dONM 1M book will b. 01 g".Gl urvic, i" iM i"Gi.. {Mg 0/ tMU /0'

Price II. ~d •• post free.

ItNd4"U. "-L. ~ N .W . Rv. GAZR'I"I"B.

AMBULANOE

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT,

HOME-NURaINQ.

R evised .

EFFIOIENOY

24, Commerolal St., BRIGHOUSE, TBL8PH"' NB

Third Edition

SPEOIALITY.

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

FIRaT-AID.

a.mo·"DflllIg Slmplilied aDd tabDlated, wltll Ald. to .emary. • Tlctl 600" wo"d4"/wIl,, ,i",pllft., G compl• .x swhi,ct G"ti IMWIti 6• ..""ti h .. I.

S~1t' P. C. jor Price List and S~/!-measurelllenl 'orllts.

THORNTON

Seventh Edition. Post free. IS. ~d. PI,.'·AI limpllttod and tabalated, wltll AlIlI to .e.ory. C"l. S{" IG ....s (a,Ii!u c ... i..-ihNtlS a .. i ..,,,odNClio,, G..d w ••"do"u Jr.b r"IJO ~r"iIJ" 0/ 1M hoo ... .. -LANCBT.

All Uniforms cut to Customer's own measu ements

Rizes-40 in. x gg in.; & 20 in. x 12 in. Printing Spaces-iS in . x 17 in. ; & 9 in. x 8 in

DOCTOR

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &0., 8, I. CORBB' fLB'CIIBR, •. B., B,C., B.A.(Cutab), •• R.C.!

A. FIRTH,

Pfl'CES, post free:

Large Size Small ..

....

210

6 /- to 20/- each. Wakefield Road, PONTEFRACT.

Remittances MUST auompam all orders

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46. Cannon Street, London, E.C.4.

No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs 1 / 2 Price 21. net; postage 4d Invaluable to Students of Anatcm} Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects.

THE OOMPLETE MANIIl.N.

System~ of Body accurately indexed.

THE WHOLE ART OF IIANDAaIN •• By

TIIBltl.A

BOW.EIt.

IlInstrated.

Post free, .. . :ad .

POOKET FIR.T AID .ERIE ••

45. per dozen. 2s. 6d.

FIR.T-AID ANATOMIBAL DIABKA ••• 13(1 to nand 14) on RoUtr

Post free, 31. 9d. net.

"FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIE~ COUPON. To he cut out and enclosed flJith ~11 Que",es JAN. T933

8y Col. It. J. BLACKHAM. C.B .• C.M.CI .. C.I.B .• D ••• O .. M.' (1) Poisoning, (2) H:mnorrhage, (,) Insensibility, (4) Asphyxia (Suspended BUill ~ Ing). (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains. (6) Wounds, Bites Borns, Sc~ld ! Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series contains all the essentials of First Aid Printed on Iinen·lined cards, 31 In. X 5~ In. Third Edition. 6d. ne e~cb postage 2d extra.

AIDII TO MEMORY fOR FIRST AID STUDENTII UfO NURSES VEItNON NEWTON. M . 1t C M.(BDIr) Od. net. Pest JOH..

B4LE,

SOlliS

DilNIELS80N.

88-91 , Great Tltchfleld Street

London

Ltd.

W.l.

Hobson & Sons (London) Ltd.),

Who/•••I. JIII.ker. 01

Manufacturers of UnIforms, Headdresses, Accoutrements for

Privates-13/9 per pair. LIMITED

QUANTITY

ONLY.

Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on reoeipt of Post Card.

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

MEDALS, BADGES

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. SPECIAL OFFER of All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed TROUSERS-

AND

TROPHIES aultable lor

NOTICE

.. FIRST AID"

AMBULANCE AND 80CIETIE8.

ADDRESSPhone-Hop 0680 & 7065.

CORP.

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL. No. 77-

Bronze, 3/-; Sliver, .. /6 i Sliver, Oold Centre, 6/9.

O,iginal Designs and Quotattons post ,,,ee. Wholesale Prloes to all U FIRST AID" SOCIETI EI.

London Showroom-

62,

HOLBORN

VIADUCT,

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month.

THIS

NUMBER.

EDITORIAL-

SURCICAL

EQUIPMENT.

ASEPTO BANDACE COMPANY, 46, OANNON STREE~ LONDON, E.0.4 •

.. STERAID ' (Regd.) series ot absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dressings are placed in this Patent Container, which, bv a simple rotation, uncovers (nly the quantity of gauze or lint required; aiter cutting this off, rotate the Container in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from exposure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded the Certificate o( the Institute ot Hygime.)

All Dressings are of GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE. " .SANIBI.N" (R:gd.) an efficient receptacle for receiving SOIled dressmgs, saDl tary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing in any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring wi.thout being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS; SANITARYTOWELS; all classes of FIRST-AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements.

SEND FOR PRICE LISTS:-

~OBEJlT BAILEY & SON, Ltd. MARRIOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT

Before purchasing youp next supplies of

SURCICAL DRESSINGS, FIRST AID APPLIANCES, BANDAUES, etc., Ask us fop a quotationYOU WILL SAVE MONEY.

Best

Quality - Quick Delivery Lowest Prices. Sole Agents for the well-~nown

ASEPTO

INSTANTANEOUS BANDACE. THE -PERFECT STERILISED DRESSfNG. SAVES

TIME

WHEN

SECONDS

COUNT.

ard at 137. Sentinel House. Southampton Row. London. W.C.1. Prin"ed and t'ublisheu by DALE, REYNOLDS & Co., Ltd., 46 , Cannon-street, London, E.C.4, to whom all communications should be addressed. Telegra1lls--" Twenty-jour, London." Telephone-Central I4 2I • To be had of all NelVsagents, Booksellers and Bookstalls n the TJllited Kingdom and at all Railway Book$talls of Messrs. W. H Smith and SOlJ s.

.\nnual Re-Examination

193

_ t. John .\J11hulanl'(~ Association

194 194 194 195 197 197

The IIos pitallcrs' Club .\ir l\lgl'ant S tor British II ospiulis Th~ . \ll1hul,lIln~ \lal1 at ports \I eeting-s Ubituary Dr. \\ 'i lliall1 Blm'k JOlle" Lecture" in Elementary Anatomy .J.A. Brigade Di trict Reports The Ro) al Life Cl\'ing- ocicty Railway Ambulance News Dctail~d :\I arking heel, ~o. -w Priory for Wales Police Ambulance News The Black amari tan Letters to tbe Editor Our Nurses ' Pages

1t) <)

204 205 207 208 209 210 211 213

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

Catechism of H o me ursing ... Examination IIowl er

216

Danger of Gas IIumour of First Aid Treatment of Compound Fracture of Femur Abdominal \\'ounds and Fractured Femur

216 216 216 216

Oil of Vitriol in Eye . .. Death fr0111 Torn Femoral Artery Fractured Clavicle and Dislocated Elbow Legal Query Review

216

218 218 218 218 218

PItICE THI{EEPENCE [3/6 PER ANNUM, POST 1i'RI!P.

EDITORIAL.

The

Annu al Su bscription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3d. I ts aim and object bei ng the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers. All Reports, &c., should be arldressed to the Editor at the address below, and shodd reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not 1ucessan'ly /01' 7'lublicatio n) by the name and address of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CA~ 'O~ STR&KT, Lof'{OO , E.C·4· 7 elu;raphic Address - « Twenll'-lollr, London." 7 elephont-Central I4 2I .

CONTENTS

Ente,-ed at ] [ Statione,-s' Hall

R.EADER.5.

E.C.

Telopbone-0840 Cltv.

North of England Office: 22, YORK PLACE, LEEDS.

FEBRUARY, 1933.

No. 464. - VOL. XXXIX.

Contractor. to H.M. Ministry of Monition •. RDllian Government. &c.

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I.

FIRST AID

J. A. WYLIE & CO ••

I the January issue of this Journal there appeared a letter RE-EXA:\lI l A stating that the members of the TIO~S_ Police Force in a certain town were not compelled, after obtain ing their first certificate, to take are-exam ination. This Force is, we hope, an exception to the rule, as it is only possible to keep efficient by taking an examination every year. Apparently many of those engaged in the collieries are also in the same category as this Police Force_ At a recent meeting of the ~lon mouthshire and South \Vales Coal Owners' Association, it was recommended that men carrying first aid boxes should renew their qualifications once in five years. This, no doubt, is a move in the right direction; but, even so, five years, in our opinion, is much too long an interval between examinations. There are those, too, whom we naturally consider to be fully qualified and efficient. \Ve refer to the drivers and attendants of am bulances_ But here again we are disappointed. Those men engaged by no less an authority than the London County Council are not, we have been given to understand, required to pass a re-examination. By order of the Board of Trade, the Master ~rariner is compelled to pass an examination in first aid once in three years, and we consider that other public bodies should at least make the same stipulation or improve the order by making a yearly examination compulsory. The adage "Practice makes perfect" is a proverb which all first aiders and those connected with ambulance work should remember, and at the same time bearing in mind that there is always something new to be learnt. ANNUAL

FIRST

194

St. John J\mbulance J\ssociation. BRI TOL.- The 5~nd annual report of the Bristol Centre was presented at a meeting held on January 18th. The number of classes held during the year was +5. This is a record for the Centre. The classes were made up as follows: First Aid, 27 (13 male and 1+ female); Horne Nursing, 18 (3 male and 15 female). In addition, 1 men passed in First Aid, being members of the i\Iercantile

February, 1933.

A I D.

The work of the Ambulance Corps in sav in g life and a idin g accident victims is ren dered possible by the cordial support of the Fire Chief, Alex Davidson, and owes much to the efficient training o'iven to the crews by the instructor, Basil Nixon. h . d On January 7th, the inhalator crews revIve an asphyxiated man after 40 minutes' work.

NEW \iVESTl\lI

STER,

BRITISH

COLU~IBIA .

Three lives were saved by the inhalator crews of the New \Vestminster Fire Department during the year 1932. This is the outstanding feature of a report of the year's work of the Ambulance Corps of the B.C. Electric Railway. The inhalator crews were called out on six occasions during the year. In three of the cases the patient was in a condition bordering on de3.th, and, but for the modern apparatus and skilled work of the crew, would have been beyond aid . During the year first aid was rendered in 78 cases.

FIRST

which i\Ir. Scott set up his record flights to and from Australia, and many famous pilots will be act ively assoc iated with the programme. As a result of the tour, it is hoped that the hospitals will benefit to the extent of at least £20,000 The campaign, which has the support of the President and Chairman of the British IIospitals Association, will open and finish in London.

The Hospitallers' Club.

~larine.

Cla~ses were made up as follows: Ladies' Schools, 5; Ierchant"\ enturers' Technical College, 3; City Police, 2; Factories, 2; Bristol Education Committee, 19: Schools of Cookery, 3 ; Port of Bristol Authority, + j St. John Am bulance Bricrade, 3 j and the Bristol Centre of the Associati;n, 5. The number of succcssful candidates was 582. Candidates to the number of 739 sat for the series of lectures, although all did not present themselves for an examination. A number of new members have been introduced into the various Divisions of the City of Bristol Corps of the S.J. A. B., whilst some 150 men, ready for any emergency, are spread over the docks, showi ng that the Port of Bristol Authority is exceeciingly keen on ambulance work. The annual stretcher competition was held at the Clifton Zoological Gardens in July last, when there was a record en try of 57 teams. The Judges praised the high standard of efficiency, the Chairman remarking that it made the task of the Judges no easy one. R. E. Bush, Esq., D.L., J.P., Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, mentioned that since the inception of the work of the Order throughout the Empire about 2,000,000 certificates had been granted. He also spoke of the advantages of ambulance work in factories and elsewhere. The thanks of those interested were unanimously accorded to the Hon . Secretary, -:\1r. Egbert Webb, in conjunction with the Treasurer, Mr. VI. G. Hawkins with their band of willing helpers for the time and trouble involved.

February, 1933.

annual general me ting of the Hospitallers' Club, was held on Friday, January ~Oth, at the Cora Hotel, \V.C.L The chait "\\'as taken by C. J. Fitch, Esq. He read several letters from members expressing inability to atten I through the influenza epidemic, The Treasurer presented a very fa\'ourahle balance sheet. The ballot beincr taken for President resulted in P. Bettison, Esq. being unanimousl . electecL He will be supported by G. . Pascoe Esq . , as Vice-President during his year of olTice . The Committee elected for 1933 were ~rr. II. Langley-Jones, :\1r. E. Jackson and -:\1r. A. Bowman. i\Ir. T. Jones thanked the OIl1cers and Committee for their past services and wished them a very happy and successful year. TIIE

Air Pageants for British Hospitals. LED by -:\Ir. Charles \V. A. Scott, the famous airman, who holds the world's record for his flight from England to Australia, a series of about 200 consecutive air pageants, organised by British Hospitals' Air Pageants, is to be held this summer in various parts of Great Britain with the object of raising funds for local hospitals . H .R. H . Prince Arthur of connaught, the Duchess of Atholl, Lord Derby, Lord IIarewood, Lord Moynihan, Lord Burnham, Sir \ iV illiam Morris, Capt. the Rt. Hon. F . E. Guest, M ,P. , the Hon, Sir Arth ur Stanley and the 1aster of Sempill, are among those who have given their patronage to the campaign which is to commence in April and wi ll continue until October. Visits to all the principal towns in Eng land, Scotland and Wales are being arranged, and at each pageant about flfteen a ircraft of different types will take part in a programme of twenty entertaining and instructive events. The opportunity for the publi c to make flights will a lso be provided. The aircraft will include the actua l machine in.

The Ambulance Man at Sports Meetings. By NOR;\IAf\ HA-:\L\IER (" ),IALLEUS.") I IL\\' E recently received a letter [rom a Lady Superintend nt of a ~ursil1g J)ivi~ion of the St. John AmbulancE' Brigade in a London suburb, \\-ho \\ rites as [ollows : " \\' iII yo u cI e a I, i nor: e 0 f you r a rt icl es , with First ~lid {[t ports Jleetings? \Ve often tak duties at these- the annual events of schools, cl u hs busi ness houses, and so on - and the differc\1( treatment given to apparen tI~ similar cases has often struck me, although the first aiJ r has usually a =eemingly logical rcason for his or her treatment. I refer to the treatment of cases \\ho collapse, quite exhausted, after a running event or other violent exertion. Also \\ hat an one clo for cramp in the legs and thighs '? I hope you \\'i II not think Lhis all to trivial, but I consider that lack of kno\vledge of the real reason for the condition is often at ~he root of possibly incorrect treatl11cn t. " :\0\\ this is the kind of letter that is truly helpful as well as encouraging; it i helpful because it draws attention to points which have caused tlll'S first aider Some thought, points which we therefore can assume may be of interest to others; it is encouraging because it shows that this first aider (and so, we may assume, many others) has learnt that first aid is a 100'lcal science h b ' and that to gIve t e best possible first aid treatment to ou r cases, we .n~ ust understand log-ieall)' not 011 Iy the exact condItIon from which our patient is suffering, but also the essential causes that have resulted in that condition. A French philosopher said" To know all is to forgive all." \iVe as first aiders must say" To know all is to help all," and our treatment, to be efficient, must be based upon a reasoned argument rather than upon rule of thumb. Thi is insisted on many times in our marvellous li ttle Textbook, and this has been stressed frequently by writers in this journal.

A I D.

195

THE EXHAUSTED RUNNER. Now to deal, first, with the case of the patient who" col lapses, quite exhausted, after a running event or other violent exertion . " Our correspondent has in these few words described with commendable accuracy, and almost vivid logic, an exact condition. The patient" collapses" as a result of "exIzaustz'on" brought on by "vz'olent exertzo1'l ." Why, the very words give us the clue to the si tuation ! \Ve know that all the cells of all the tissues and structures and organs of the body need oXYfJen for their life and activity. \Ve know also that every time cells do 'Work they throw off carbon dioxide and use up oxygen . Oxygen is used up every time our brain cells work even in the very act of thinking, every time muscle cells work even to lift a little finger. Now imagine the work that is performed, especially by muscle cells, in a 220 yards or mile race! And the more work that is Jone, the more oxygen is used up (and so the more is needed) and the more CO has to be got rid of. Further, not only is a greatly z'ncreased supply of oxygen u rgen tly needed by the hard-working muscles, but remember, the muscles are not only worki n a hard, they are worki ng 1'apidly too, and so they need their increased supply of oxygen rapz'dly and ji'eque71tly 7'ellewed. The muscles are crying out "Give us more oxygen - more and more quickly. Take away this CO you must take it awa) quickl) . " 0Jature answers this call by (1) taking more oxygen on board in the lungs by increased, deeper and more rapzd 7'espiratiolZs, and (:2) conveying this oxyaen _ b qUIckly to the muscles, which needs it so badly, by increasi ng the fi-eqllenc), of the heart beat, i. e., carrying the oxygen from the lungs to the muscles more rapidly than normally . At the same time the accelerated circulation and the accelerated respiration removes from the muscles and from the body (in the expi red air) the increased amou nt of C02 that has been man ufactured as a result of the increased activity of the muscle cells. So, the harder we run, the more violent the exertion, the more rapid Iy do we breathe, and the more rapidly does our blood circulate . Nature helps the hard-,Yorking muscles in another W2.y, too. Not only is the general circulation speeded up with the quickening of the heart's action, but the local circulation of the leg muscles, concerned in the act o f running, is improved by the dilatation of their blood vessels, with the result that the muscles get more t/zan their slzare of the blood in the vascll lar system at the expense of other parts of the body, includina the brain. So here is one cause of collaspe hafter violent exertion sueh as run n ing-cerebral anCl317Z1·a . The brain gets less blood than it needs, because 2

2 -

FIRST

196

the legs need (and get) more than the ir normal share. There is another cause, too. If the amounts of oxygen needed, and C02 to be got rid of, are balallced by the increased supply of oxygen and the increased rene val of C02, due to accelerated circulation and accelerated breathing, all well and good. But what is the state of affairs if the exertion is so violent, so rapid, or so prolonged that the supply of oxygen, and the renewal of CO 2 , is NOT adequate? Then the blood of the runner gets deficient in oxygen, and contains more C02 than it should. So not only is the brain suffering from a diminished blood supply, but the blood it does get is less healthy than normally, and all the other parts of the body suffer in the same way-the concentration of C02 in the blood piles up and up, and the amount of oxygen in the blood gets less and less. Combine these two causes: (1) A diminished blood supply to the brain, and (2). The blood containing less oxygen and more CO than it should. As a result of these two factors operating together, the athlete is " exhausted" and "collapses." N . B.-This is markedly so in the hundred yards-when the runner does not draw breath at all during the sprint. What shall our treatment be? \Ve have a condition in which the patient is suffering from the results of an abnomal circulation plus the results of the impure condition of his blood. His pulse rate will be increased, so ,,,ill his respiration rate. To quote from Taylor, a recognised textbook of Medicine, "Exertion quickens the heart to more than double the normal frequency, but with cessation of effort the pulse returns z"n two or three mz"nutes to its normal rate." So, after he stops running, the athelete's lungs and circulation still work overtime for a short while in order to wash out the excess CO from the blood and supply to the blood its normal proportion of oxygen. Nature is giving its own first aid in this respect. )\Tature is restoring his blood purity to normal. The face of the patient may be either flushed and congested, or pale. \Vhich will depend on : (1). Whether the factor of blood oxygenlack is dominant in causing his distress. (2) . Whether the greater cause of his exhaustion is brain ancemia. Speaking generally, one man may be forced to give up while his face is still flushed by his excessive circulation and the im pure state of his blood, while another man may go on till his face becomes pale through excessive concentration of blood in his legs. I n the first case the patient will remalIl 2

A I D.

February, 1933.

conscious; in the second case (pale facc, cerebal ancemia) the patient may become insensible. Our treatment is : (1). The recumbent position, with easy acces to fresh air (don't allow crowding round). (2). Make sure that the excessive movements of respiration are unimpeded. (3). Raise or lower the head according to the colour of the face, flushed or pale. (+). Keep warm (blankets. etc). (5). Don't give stimulants till the patients is quite recovered. Then, the stimulants of choice are hot tea or hot coffee. Also after re(,07.Jery : (6). Forbid further participation in athletic events that day, and forbid a cold shm\'er, which many athletes enjoy. It is as well also to warn the patient against having a heavy meal that evening. 'I STITCH" AND "S El'O r D \V I 'n." The questions of the causation of the condition known as "stitch" and the mechanism of "second wind" might at this point be dealt \\ ith, but space forbids. Suffice it to say - and this is an expression of personal opinion o'nl\--" titch" is a trouble of the man who is out of training, and is probably due to excessive and /negztZar moyements of the diaphragm. It is relieved by the sufferer bending forwards from th waist and reaching down with his hands to hi feet, "makinothe sign of the cross on h is boot" is the tech n ical phrase, I understand, among footballers. "Second \Vind" is a question of rhythm. The lungs and heart are called upon to suddenly start working at a much increased rate, to meet the sudden and urgent needs of the mu cle . Th \. start raggedly-for a brief in terval their work i's inadequate-then they settle down to the r1wth m ic timing that balances the call upon them. ~ f)' "iew is that the perfectly trained man in condition \\ill never need a second wind. An athlete out of condition at the beginning of the season mav need it, and will get it; while the tyro will need it, will not get it and will have to pack up. If the need for a second wi nd arises, the better the man's cond ition, the quicker he'll get it. If the runner fails to aet his second wind and continues-exhausti~n collapse will resul t. ATHLETES' CRAl\IP. Cramp in legs and thighs is caused by two factors : (1). The arterie-s are pushing blood to the running muscles rapidly as a result of the increased heart-rate. The veins carry away this blood as quickly as they are able, but they may not be able to remove bl.o0d from the leg muscles as quickly as the artefles are supplying it. So we get the vessels of the leg muscles packed full of blood (which at once becomes full of CO Cramp results from the local congestion in the capillaries 2

FIRST

February, 1933.

of the running muscles, because blood is being forced into them quicker than it can get away. When muscle cells work they produce as a waste product (as a product of com bustion) not only CO 2 but a substance called arco-Iacti~ .acid .. This i removed by the blood. In over-actIVLtyof the leg muscles this is produced more rapidly than it can be got rid of, with the result that an excess amount of sarco-Iactic acid 1'emains in the muscles. Now sarco-Iactic acid is a great factor in causing rigor mortis-that tight contraction o[ the mus~le fibres which occurs after death. So we can readd), see that an excessive amount of sarco-Iactic acid in the mu~cles dUrl'17g life will cause a condition of constriction or cram p. The treatment of athletics' cramp is simpl . \Vith the patient lying on hi back, the first aider should Dex the thigh in the abdomen and the leg on the thigh. Returning the lower limb to the position of e. 'tension, this passh'e movement is repeated slowly and repeatedl,\' This should be followed by, or alternated \\ ith, bri 'k hand massag lowards thl' !rIlJl/~. Other methods of ma~sage (such as tapotement) are employed by professional trainers, but this i the logical, simple method that we, acting qua 11rst aiders, should employ, unless we happen to be trained and qllalzjied masseurs as '(vel/. Professional masseur arc ad vi ed to massage with the d J"\' hand, bu tit is the usual custom in sporting cjr~les to use a lubricating material such as oil or emhrocation . So those arc m)' rcpl ies to the queries of my correspondent. The reasons sugo- sted and the methods r commended are my 0\\ n; and other surgeons, or first aiders '\'ith ~pecial experience of the C '>pccial case , mar have other and better idea. As \\ e ha\'c often said ill first aid we have /lever stopped !carm'llg, and I am ' u re that readers of th is J ou rnal \\ ould be in tcrestec1 to hear from their eoll agues on these point, 0 that we may all benefit I y com pari ng note. To discuss these matters with our brother, or sister first aiders, in articles or letters, is not a sign o[ " journalistic egotism ,. (to quote another correspondent of mine) nor is it a claim to speak ex cathedra, but to raise practical points and to talk them over is evidence of a healthy and intelligent enthusiasm for the great cause we all strive to serve . - - . _ .- - Supl. ,\J[red Lee of the Kettering L.l\1.S, Railway Ambulance Division, S.].A.B., has heen made a Serving Brother of the Order of St John. ERRATA. - ln the article on page 183, January issue, by Col. C. 1. Ellis, 1\1.0., C.l\I., the following mistakes occu rrcd :- Col. 1, line 2, read respiration for resperation ; Col. 1, line 9, read blood for bloods; Col. 1, line 25, read oblongata for oblong-ate; Col. 2, line 1, read to after resorted; Col. 2, line 15, mucus for mocus ; Col. 2, line, 31, read Death in accidental for death is accidental.

197

A I D.

Obituary. WE regret to announce the death of Dr. \Villiam Black Jones, M.D., B.S., :'vI.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., J. P., who died on Friday, January 27th last, aged 68. Dr. Jones received his medical education at St. Bartholomew's, London, where he became house surgeon, and later became house surgeon at the Great Northern Hospital. Dr. Jones rendered great service to the t. John Am bulance Brigade and Association. He was hon. surgeon to the King Edward Institute Division, which is now known as the Toynbee Hall Division, No.1 District, joining the Brigade in 1894 and resigning in 1901. During this period he was very active in lecturing to Brigade members and in attendance at public duties. He will be remembered by older members of the Brigade for his work at Chingford on Bank holidays. He was also lecturer for 30 years to the Builth Road (L . .\I. .) Station competition team, and was awarded the gold medal of the L.l\I.S. Railway. For his excellent work in ambulance circles, he was admitted, through the Priory for Wales, as a Serving Brother of the Order of St. John. Dr. Jones was a brother of Assistant Commissioner H. Langley J ones, No. 10 District, S.J.A.B., to whom we offer our deepest sympathy.

Lectures in Elementary Anatomy.* By A DOCTOR. THE CIRCl:LATORY SYSTE:vr-( Continued).

The Plilse.-Pulsation in the arteries is due to the sudden distension in their walls immediately after ventricular contraction. The pulse is felt by placing three fingers of the right hand on the patient's radial artery at the wrist. Pulse Rate.- The rate of the pulse is given as so many beats per minute; it varies considerably with the age of the patient. The average rate for persons of different ages is as follows : During the first year 120 per minute. ,, ,,2nd, , 110, , ,. " "3rd,, 95" " "7th,, 87" " " 85 to 80 per minute. " " 14th" I n the adult 80 to 70 " In old age 70 to 60 " "

* Reprinted by courtesy of tilt. Irish lVurst"nli

Hosjdal T-Vorld.

a1ld

19 '

F I Rst

The rate of the respiration is 110rmallyl that of the pulse. The Sounds of the Heart.-For every beat there are two d i tinct sounds followed by a pause. Th first sound is dull and is said to be produced by the vibration of the tricuspid and mitral valves, and also by the contraction of the walls of the ventricles. The econd sound is short and sharp, and is produced by the sudden closure of the semilunar valves. The Blood.-In the body the bright scarlet blood is found in the arteries (except the pulmonary arteries, which convey venous blood), whilst dark purple blood flows through tbe veins (except the pulmonary \'eins, which convey arterial blood). The temperature of the blood is 98'+ in health, but it is not exactly the same in all parts of the body. The temperature, when taken in the rectum, is one degree higher than when taken in the mouth, and the latter is one degree higher than when taken in the axilla. The quantity of blood in the body varies with certain conditions, but is usually estimated at about one-tenth of the total weight of the body. The chief constituents of the blood are plasma, which is the fluid portion, and red and white corpuscles. The white corpuscles are slightly larger than the red ones; they are minute circular discs composed of protoplasm. The colouring matter in the blood is called Hc:emogolobin. The normal number of red corpuscles in the male is about 6,000,000 per c. mm. In the female, 5,500,000 per c.mm. The number of leucocytes, or white cells, in normal blood is about 6,000 per C.mm., or one white to 600 red corpuscles. Uses of the B!00d.-(1) It conveys nourishment to all parts of the body. (2) It conveys the materials from which the secretions are formed to the various glands which prepare them. (3) It carries oxygen to the tissues, this bei ng essential for the maintenance of the high temperature of the body. (4) It collects waste materials and conveys them to the excretory organs for separation and removal. (5) It serves to distribute heat throughout the body. The Principal Arteries. - The aorta is the largest artery 'in the body. It springs from the left ventricle and conveys blood from the left side of the heart to all parts of tbe body; it forms an arch from which spring the arteries which supply the head, neck, and upper Ii m bs; it descends on the posterior wall of the thorax to the left of the vertebral column, the portion within the thorax is called the thoracic aorta; it passes through an opening in the diaphragm and is continued as the abdominal aorta, here it gives off several large branches which supply the abdominal viscera. The abdominal aorta divides into the right and

AlD.

1< ebruary, 1933.

left common iliac arter ies. These divide again into the hypogastric and external iliac arteries. The former supplie the pelvic vi cera and the latter the greater part of the lower extremities . As the external iliac enters the thigh it becomes the femoral artery. At the j unction of the middle and lower thirds of the thigh it become the popliteal artery, and passes b hi nd the knee. t the lower border of the popliteus muscle it divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. The interior tibial supplies the front of the leg, the back of the leg is supplied by the posterior tibial, its principal branch being tbe peronaeal artery . These arteries divide and subdivide, forming the plantar arteries which supply the foot.

The iVe/ 've Slipply of the

LO'lfJ(! r

Lz'l7lb.-

Branches of the lumbar and sacral nerves supply the lower extremity. In front the femoral nerve runs beside the femoral artery and vein, with its branches it supplies the front of the thigh. The Scz'c:tic lVe/ve, which is the largest nen'e in the body, supplies the back the lower limb. Behind the knee it divides into the tibial and peroneal, the former supplies the back of the leg, the la tter the fron t. Tile Plantar nerves su ppl y the foot. Vellls oj the Lower ExtreJ7Zz·(),.-These are divided into t\\'o set, superficial and deep. The Su perficial veins are placed beneath the ski 11 ; the deep veins run alongside the arterie , and a areat n um ber of them bear the same names. Both set of veins are provided with valves; these are more numerous in the veins of the lower extrem ity. The su perficial veins of the lower extrem ity are the great and small saphenous veins and their branches. The Great Saphenous rrez'n is the longest vein in the body. Varicose Vez'lls are most frequently met with in the saphenous veins. 111 some cases there is diminished resistance of the walls of the veins, which is sometimes hereditary. The vessels are liable to dilate and a varicose condition is then set up. Varicose veins may also be produced by increased blood-pressure in the veins caused by some obstruction such as a tumor, or tight garters. The pain which is often complained of in varicose veins is due to pressure on the nerves which run beside them.

On Friday, January 13th, certificates were awarded members of the DrighLiingsea ambulance class who were successful at a recent examination.

,\ lecture on "First Aid to Sick and Injured Animals' will be giwn by an olTlcial of the People's Dispensary for Sick Animals, on Wednesday, March 15th, at 7. t5 p.m., in the hall under Sl. James's Church, ClerkenweJ I Green London, E. C. 1.

FIRST

February , 1933.

The St.

Brigade

A I D.

fohn

A mbulance

Dzst~zct

No J. (Prince of Wales') District. On January 27th the Annual Social of the Central Area took place at the Shoreditch Town Hall and was once more an unqualified success. The warmest thanks of the Area are due to the Committee, consisting of Lady Amb. Officer Mrs. Webber) Div. Supt. H. R. Woodgate and Amb. Officer W. EasoD) who assisted the Area Staff untiringly, A brief but excellent concert was generously given by 11r. George Webber and other friends of Mrs. 'Webber and of Div. Supt. \V. A. Roust. Among the very large company the Asst. Commissioner) Dr. Lund, had the pleasure of welcoming the Mayor of horeditch, the Asst. Su. rgeor~-in-Chief) Dr. Corbet Fletcher) Lady Dist. Supt. MISS RIdeout and many of the District Officers. The Commissioner was, unfortunately, not well enough to be present. Dancing continued until 11.30 p.m., when a \'Cry enjoyable evening was brought to a close with the sing ing of tc Auld Lang Sync." SOUTIIALL.-A ucce ful Dance was held on Februa ry 7th to rai<;c funds to purcha e the latest type of

199

Reports.

wonderful voluntary work. He also congratulated Councillor Creesey on the splendid success of the evening. Dr. Brook said the apparatus was most useful and could be used for cases of drowning) asphyxia) etc. Supt. Taylor proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Saxon for making the presentation, to Mr. Creesey for his untiring efforts and all who assisted in the purchase of the apparatus. Mr. Creesey, in reply, said that he was amply repaid for his efforts by the excellent work done by the Division. The Dance then continued until 1 a.m.) prizes, given by local tradesmen, being presented to lucky ticket holders. Refreshments were supplied by Amb. Sisters Mrs. Kickerty, Mrs. Wilmot and members of the Nursing Division. 107 (YORK ROAD) L.N.E.R.) DrvIsION.-On Saturday, Jan ua ry 14th, members and their friends spent a jolly Social Evening at Sebright Hall, Finsbury Park, the Divisional Headquarters. Games and Dancing were indulged in, CorpI. e. W.

Dr..\. C. \Vhite Knox and the winning team in the "Rosa" Cup Competitions of the Cricklewood Division. oxygen apparatus) which is a lung-controlled machine. The Dance was organised by Councillor Geo, A. Creesey, who announced during the evening that thanks to the suppor~ he had received in his effort) he had pleasure in askmg Mr. Councillor Saxon (Chairman of the Council), to present the oxygen apparatus to Dr. Brook (Div. Surgeon) and Supt. Taylor) for the use of the Brigade on behalf. of the ladies and gentlemen present and also other subscnbers who were unable to be present at the function. Mr. Saxon, in making the presentation) felt sure that th.e . ~pparatus would be a great asset to the Southall DIVISIon and be a means of helping them to continue their

Waygood acting as M.e.) and the music being supplied by the tc 107 Boys' Band." At the close of a very pleasant evening a hearty :ote of thanks was accorded CorpI. Waygood for arrangmg the programme and acting as M.e. Despite the prevailing epidemic of influenza) the dance held by the Di;rision on Saturday, February 4th) at the Pillar Hall SUIte, Alexandra Palace) proved a great success. :Music was supplied by the Cabaret Syncopators. . The proceeds of this event will be allocated to DivislOnal Funds.

200

FIRST

No. II. District. B.\TII.-Recently 35 patients \\"ere rcmovcd from the Bath Royal United Hospital in Beau Street to l~e'.v premi es in Combe Park. 1Iembers of th~ Bath Dn'lsion S.J.A.B., as i ted by members of t.he 1Ildsom~r. ~or ton Box \Veston- uper-1\Iare and Bndgwater Dn'I Ion car'ried ~ut the transfer without a hitch bel ween breakfast and lunch time. Div. Supt. F. R. Stcnt (Bath) was in charO'e whilst Amb.Officer Dytc conducted the proceeding~ at the old building. Members of the B.R.c. Detachments Somerset 35 and 39 acted as bearcrs 111 removing the patients to the. four St. J ohn A~bulances. \Vith cheerfulness, effiCIency and regulanty. the a.mbulance did their work well, the hospital authontles ?elI1g very O'rateful for the assistance given so voluntanly. 11r. John S. Cox, County Commi~sioner for Somer~et, was present and rendered gre~t assIstance by convey111g nurses in his car from one bUlldll1g to the other. After the work had been completed the members of the Bath J ur ino' Division prepared and served lunch to 75 Officers and men at the Divisional Headquarters, a building which ,vas huilt by the Div~si~n, the members, naturally, being very proud of the hll1ld111g.

A I D.

February, 1933 .

. t'101 1 f'ol- 11 1' enior First Cerlificate and •\ViiS also exaI1l1l1<1 . • I tlU-' [1ron10 t ed to COI'I'onl , < . He llas ed hIS 12 examlllalions • 19'? qualifying for the Grand Prior' Badge In I he year .)~. adct Lloyd is 16 years of ag-e. . . . G .• \ ndcrson who, wlthlll a \'ery few da)s Ca det S erO'l. :-. ' I .. d t.l after Cpl. Lloyd was also a warded the hac g-e, JOI ne . ,e

Division in 1929 j he pa ed the exami~lation for tl~: Junl~)r First Aid Certincate in 19'29 and hiS enlor 1'I:sl ,\Id ' [- t e .In 19'? He ,,,as 11romoled Cor[)oral 111 1932 -)~. < ' I. C ertllca and after a fe\\' month to Sergeant; he pas ed -+ of liS

GOSPORT Al\'"D ALVERSTOKE.-The Annual So~ial of this Division was held on January 28th, when an enJ oyable enning was spent by members and thei~ f,riends. Am<?ng those present were the County <;::ommlsslOner, the DIVIsional Chaplain and representatIves of the Portsmouth Division. . . Diversions were provided by various competltlOns and games which provoked a deal of .an:useme~t. During the inten'al the CommISSIoner. 111 a s~ort speech thanked the organisers for the enjoyable tlI?e. He also stressed the importance of a local team compet111g for the County Challenge Shield competitions to be held at Portsmouth in March. The Chaplain also thanked the organisers for t.heir work. The function was brought to a close with the National Anthem. LAvENDo:-r.-The Annual Meeting of the Lavendon Division was held at Headquarters on January 18th. Supt. \V. T. Knight occupied the cha,ir and gave an able report upon the Division's work dunng t~e past year. It was decided to hold the Annual SocIal on February 18th and the Annual Fete on 'Whit Monday. The balance sheet, presented by Amb. Officer S. C. Holmes (treasurer), showed a deficit of just over £6. . The Commissioner, who was unable to be presen~) IS to be asked to arrange an inspection of the comb1l1ed local divisions during the summer months. SLOUGH.-Two members of the Slough Town Cadet Division have succeeded in winning world-wide fame. Two years ago a new honour was initiated by the Order of St. John-the Grand Prior Badge-and the first two to be won have been awarded to Cpl. W. Lloyd and Sergt. G. Anderson of the above Division. The badges are embossed in silver and contain the coronet of the Grand Prior, the Duke of Connaught, the St. John eight-pointed cross, encircled with oak lea~es and the St. John wort. This badge represents 12 proficiency certificates in \'arious subjects, such as Homecraft, Handicraft, Cooking, Home Jursing-, Fire Drill, Signalling, Path Finding, Map Drawing and the like. Cadet Cpt. W. Lloyd who has the honour of being the first cadet to win the Grand Prior's Badge joined the Division in 1928 ; he passed the examination for his Junior First Aiel Certificate the same rear, in 1932 he passed the

FIRST

February, 19 33 .

prescnt Chief Constablc ~pprccia~ed t.heir services ~s he had appreciat.cd t.hem. 1 he pubhc h.ad not t~e fal11test idea of the Brigade's work, or the tIme put 111, or they would rcspond more freely to the appcals. The rcport showcd that the strenglh of the Co~ps \\'a 82. Awards during the year were 28 first-aId certIficales, 16 home nursing pendant.s) 12 medallions and 57 lahel. At lhe re-cxamination all the members passed. Thirlcen were attached to thc Royal. aval Auxiliary Sick Berth Rcseryc, and 18 to the ~ljlitary Hospital Resen'es. On the roll of the Tursing Di\'ision were 49 memhcrs. During lhc :> car t.hey \\ on 19 home nursing certificates, nine nursing pendant., six medallions and 20 lahels. mh. Si.lcr !'IIr . 5horrocl< was awarded the lon g sen'ice har, to he attaehcd to the medals for 20 years' sc n -ice, and Amb. ister ~Iiss Cronshaw ",as awardcd the medal for 15 year' service. ~[iss Pomfret was the first "inncr of lhe 1\Iayore s's Rose Bowl for home nursing and first aid. At the re-cxamination 43 members were ·lIcces. fLl!. Presenting awards. thc 1Iayoress (Mrs. \V. Kenyon) said that it was c;ometllllcs thollght that ottr young people were too fond of plea. un!, but it was n :as ' uring to find so many willing to gi\'e t.hcir leisure to the henefit of their fellow-men . The :'Iayor (Alderman \\-. Kenyon). who presentcd lhc awards in the mcn's sectiun. selld that to-day the Brigade stood in the En!!,II h people' highest esteem. K1RKTI.W.-.\t the S t. Geor~'e 's Hotel) the officials and memhers of thL KIrkham Di\'is i{Jn held their Annual Dinncr. III \\'hich they invitcd reprc . entatiYes from the yarious public and relig-iotts organisations of the district. There" as an excellent !!,alherin!!, and dinner was sen'eel lo oyer 100 Jlcople. Yariol! toast. were proposed. In ,!!,iying the" Orcler of .~ t. John," J)i t. Officer \Y. Gaslall, D .. ~r.. n.Sc., in a lLngthy detailed aCCOt1nt of how thc Order originated, traced it back 900 ycars to its foundalion hy the KI11g-ht of J erusakm. The toast was responded to b) Commie; inner E. Ralphs (Knlg-ht of Grace). who also commcntcd 011 "arion aspects of the Order. and lhe nohle work it was c1oin~. 1\ toast to the g-uests was propo. ed hy Supt. C. Hc lop (Sen-ing Brother). who thanked all for lheir interesl in the \York of the local Diyision, and also 111cntinnt·cl the fact lhat Col. Trimhle. cn .. c.~I.G., Knight of Grace. had promised lo be pn:scnt, hut on account of the \\ cather was unable to keep the engagelllLnt. ~1r. llatt (stationmaster). suitably replied. "The Kirkham Diyi ion " was toasted by the Rev. C. Strang c, M.A., and Amh. Officcr T. Hallsall responded. Canon Lowry proposed The 1Iedical Profession," and Dr. Lewis responded. The final toa t was to the ancient town of Kirkham, by Sergt. R. F. Dagger, 1\1.1\L, Mr. H. Parkinson responding. I(

Cadet Sergt. Anderson (left) and Cadet Corp. Lloyd,. , Slough Cadet Division, first holder. of thl "Grand Pnor s Cadet Badge." examinations in 1931 and 8 in 1932. Sgl. nderson is 16 years of age. . The Slough Town Cadet Division was tonned In the year 1924 with eight lads, and at t!le present. day. there are 3 officers, 29 cadets and 16 prJbatl~ners. Slnc~ Its J~r~lla tion 44 cadets have been transferred Into the l\len s DlvlSlOn. In lhe last three years the cadets have W~~l 2 Gr::nd 'prior' Badges, 9 Proficiency Badges and 63 Certlhcates In different subjects.

No. IV. ( Lancashire) District . BLAcKBuRN.-A year of steady progress was reported a t the Annual Meeting of the Blackburn Corps.. The Chairman Mr. Hodson, t.he former ChIef Constahle, who has he~n macte Corps President, saict that the

T.\XDISTT.- The third Annual , ocial and Pre entation of Awards was held in the Lacliec:i Consen-atin IIall. Slandi h. Those present includcd Drs. J. Boyd and R. J. Ormsby, Corps upt. H. Potter) Corps Officer \Vm. 1\lacdonald, Div. Supt. Geo. Pennington, Lady Diy. St1pt. V. Marsden and Dist. Officer Dr. A F. Nimmo. The presentat.ion of the yarions awards ohtained by memhers in the recent examination was made by Corps. Supt. II. Potter, who congratulated the mcmbers on main tainil1 .~· their efficiency, and aid it was pleasing to see that lhat. tcn new memhers had been encouraged to take their first-aid cerLificate. Dr. J. Boyd thanked 1\1r. Potter for the very able assistance and encouragement given to willingly at all ti111es by him. Dr, R. J. Ormsby, Div. Supt.; supporting, react a letter

A I D.

201

from the District Commissioner, W. G. Smith, O.B.E., apologising for his ahsence. IIe conveyed to all ranks his appreciation for the kind invitation. Dr. Ormshy was the recipient of a cigarette ash tray and sland. pre ented to him by the memhers of the Ladies' :Nursing Class, as a token of appreciation f~r his. yaluable services as lecturer to the class. In extend111g hIS thanks he said it had always been a pleasure to assist them in their work. Ten first-aid certificates, two vouchers, one medallion, and nine labels, were presented to the men's division. Corps npt. Potter rema rkec1 that the Commissioner~ had approved non-commissioned rank to CorpI. D. }1ak111son ( ecretary) to be Sergeant, and Ptes. C. E. Anderson (Treasurer) and C. M. Finney to he Corporals. The remainder of the enning was spent in dancing, etc., one item, a Sketch by members of the \Vigan S.J.A.B. Concert Party, heing- well receiYCd.

No . V. District. AR:\lLEY AXD \\'oRTLEY.-According to the Annual Report of t.he Armley and \Yortley Division, recently published, 573 ca -es receiyecl attention last year by members \\'ho attended "ariou places of amusements, sports meetings, etc. Thirty members were on duty, in relays, at the Armley Fea t Ground and attended 37 cases. Puhlic duty wa also carried out on the occasion of the yisit of H.R.H. Prince George, at foothall grounds, the :'Iilitary Tattoo and many other occa ions. Eyery mem ber is fully proficient and in addition to fir t aid awards 21 member have Home )J' ursing certificates, 14 Sanitation certificates and pendants while 10 han pa sed in the subject of IIygiene. thu qualifying for t.he Home Hygiene certificate and pendant for same. The Diyision ha th e proud dislinction of po .. e in?;' eyery certificate obtainahie. There were no failures at the re-examination. Lecturc have been given by the Diyi ional Surgeons and as a rc . ult new mcmbers had entcr ed their names on the roll. Thank are extended to numerou subscribers and friends. the report closing \yith an appeal for rene\Hd help cturing the coming year. ASKERx.-The "Lle\\'ellyn Jones" Ambulance competition open to underground and surface workers at Askern ~Iain Collien- was held on Tanuar\' 28th. The judge·s were Dr. John :'Iallock and-Dr. D~ncan ~1allock and their a sistants, Drs. Pilchcr and :'IcGregor. The re nits were: I, Smeatoll 3 District. 232 points; 2, Smeaton 1 District, 205; 3) Barnby District, 20-L Six teams competed. Individual " 'inncr G. A quith. In the cvening the membcr of the Askern Main Corp held their Annual Hot-Pot Supper and Smoking Concert in the Institute. which " 'as attended bv 82 members and friend. Corps Supt. C. Evans presided) accompanied by 11r. \V. Llewcllyn Jones. 11r. G. Instone, the Rey. "V. C. S. Rutter. Dr. John ::\IaJloch. Dr. Duncan ~1alloch, Corps upt. E. Soar. Diy. Supt. A. E. Soar, and Cadet Supt. G. Else (Dearne \~alley Corps), 1\1r. E. Jubb. Corps Officer A. "V. Free, Di,'. Supt. A. Sudworth and A. B. Vvilliams and Amh. Officer Smith,- Pearce and Ca !low. Mr. Llewellyn Jones presented the awards and the gold medals) given by himself. to the winning team. and congratulated the captain. Mr. Jones thanked the doctors for their services; congratulated the Officers and members on their continued interest in the work. which was very much appreciated by the Colliery Company; and partiCl{larly commented on the number of young members. He also promised to provide the medals next year. An interesting eyent in the evening's programme wa, the presentation of a sil'n~r cntr~<:, cti h to Corps Surgeon

F l ,R S T Dr. Duncan Malloch, by Corps Supt. C. Evans, on behalf of the Officers and members of the Corps, as a token of respect and esteem, and in app~eciation of the valua?le ervices of the doctor to the Bngade. In acknowledgl11g the erift the doctor expressed his pleasure at the continued succ"'ess' of the work of the Askern Main Corps. A musical programme occupied the rest of the evening.

No. VI. District. HULL.-One of the happiest men in the Hull Corps is Mr. W. G. Ie Grove, Superintendent of the Alexandra Dock Ambulance Division. He 'was recently the recipient of a bea~tifully ll~ scribed clock, presented to him on the occaSlOn of his appointment as a Serving Brother of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. On this occasion, Mrs. l~ Grove had the honour of presiding oyer a large gathenng, when a social evening was held in 11r. Ie Grove'~ honour. Others present including 11r. J. Harper (~lSt. Supt. L.N.E.R), Capt. Nicholas, County Officer Atkl11son, ~r. R. Charlton (Chairman L.N.E.R Centre), Supt. Whlte-

A I D.

February, 19 33.

include :-Joined Alexandra Dod.: Class H. & O. Centre S.J.A.A., May, 1904; promoted C?rporal (Brigade) Auo'ust 7th) 190-+; joined Yorkshire Bngadc Bearer Company, April, 1905; promoted Corporal in the 3rd Northumbrian Field Ambulance, 1906 and Sergeant, 1908; attended Kiner Gcorge's Coronation, 1911, and the Royal Review Windsor Great Park, 1912; Demonstrator to Messrs: Rickitt's First Aid Class) 1912-13 and Ladies' Class, Thornton Hall, 1914-15; promoted Staff-Sergeapt, RA.M.C., 1915; Sergeant Instructor, 3rd Northumbnan Field Ambulance, 1914-1916; instructed Ambulance Section 1st and 2nd Volunteer Battalion E. Yorks Regiment, 1916; promoted Superintendent Alexandra Dock Division, 1922' Secretary and Instructor to the Alexandra Dock C1as~, 1922-1931 and to L.N.E.R. Police Class, 1923; has acted as instructor to St. Aiden's Boy Scouts, Eastern Nursing Classes, L. .E.R Classes ~t ~oole, with continuous scrvice in Brigade and AssOClatlOn from 1904-1931, and in possession of the Gold 11edal and two bars from the L.N.E.R Centre. Durina' his ambulance carcer 11r. Ie Groye has treated 7 689 case~ and collccted the sum of £270 in the years b~tween 1912 to 1930.

No. VIII. (Duk e of Conna ught 's) Distr ict . SITTINGBOURNE.-The Annual Meeting- of the Sittingbourne Division was held on January 25th, when upt. L. R Dence presided. Supt. Dcnce) who is also honorary Treasurer, referred to the general accounts which) under the circumstances, were of a satisfactory nature. During the past year a new motor ambulance had been purchased and it was hoped to payoff the debt 011 thc ambulance during the present year. Nine members of the Division were entitled to service badges, and the Division anticipated entering a team for the Kent County Competitions this year. The mi1eage covered by the ambulance during the year was 4]55 miles whilst in addition the new ambulance had already covered 2,400 miles. The Divisional Surgeon's Cup (presented hy Dr. Noble) was won by Pte. E. C. Huxted. Corp!. HlL"Xted was elected assistant honorary Secretary. CorpJ. Bushell, who is in chargc of thc stores, submitted a satisfact(')ry report. The meeting concluded with a yote of thank tn Supt. Dence and Sergt. Jarrett (Secretary) for the work which they had done during the year. .

Supt. W. G. Ie Grove. head, Amb. Officer Whitewood, Drs. Milligan and Wilson, and Mr. G. H. Oakes (Dist. Secretary L.N.E.R Centre). Dr. L. F. Wilson on presenting the clock, made eulogistic references to Mr. Ie Grove's activities in connection with ambulance work, stating that he had no doubt that he had saved a number of lives during his career. The Decorations now held by the worthy Superintendent are:King George V Coronation Medal; Territorial Efficiency Medal (R.A.M.C.); Brigade Service Medal and Two Bars; Serving Brother of the Order of St. John. The record accredited to him as ambulance worker

WORTHlNG.-The annual report of the 'Worthing- Division, S.J.A,B., reveals a record year in the history of the Division. Nearly 4,000 hours of duty had been put in by 4 officers, 4 N.C.O 's and 30 men; 1,206 hours being the total at the first-aid post on the seafront, where over 250 cases were treated. A further 1,009 hours ,,,ere devoted to public duty at football matches, sports meetings, fire\\'ork displays, Worthing regatta, community singing, Old Folk' dinner, etc. The Napier ambulance covered a total of 12,618 miles during the year. This work is increasing so rapidly that a second ambulance is to be obtained in the near future. Transport duty totals another 1,675 hours. The Division was inspected by DistricL Officer and Secretary H. J. Wrigglesworth, in October, who made the following remarks on the report of inspection :"This Division, if it continues to progress at the same rate, has a big future before it. I was most g-ratified a~ the smart turn-out, general learning and keenness displayed by all ranks. Words of command were given distinctly and responded to with great smartness. The Division can with confidence be plaeed in the front rank with other leading divisions in the district." Mr. Wrigglesworth also presented the awards gained

February, 193 3.

FIRST

at the annual first aid examinations, the result of which was 100 per ceill. passes . Seven men are also ho lding awards for home nursing. It is hoped to register a Cadet Division before long, 40 lads are now beillg trained in preliminary first aid. Also a Medical Comforts Depot is flourishing in the town, supplying tho e essenLial articles in the sickroom which many people cannot afford to purchase. The number of applicants already prove the value of the service.

No. IX. Dis trict. The Devon County cl iminating competltlOn for the " Dc\\ ar" Shield was held at Exmouth on Saturday, January 28th. County Officer T. D. Perkins (Staff Officer for competitions) etc.), being in charge. The judges were Coullty urg. Dr. Venn Dunn, of Torquay (team) and Dr. D. L. II. Moore, of Exmouth (individual). In addition to the fir t three teams being eligible to repre ent Dl:von in the District finals to be held on April 26th, at \VcYl11outh, the teams competed for the" Marcus IT are " Cup and the t. Pengelly" Cup, the latter being for the besL indlvidual work. Elc\'cn team cnLercd and thc rcsults were 1, Paignton, 214 marks; 2, Newton Abbot, 207; 3, Exeter, 206;

A I D.

203

room the members were invited by Dr. Toogood to "take their partners for a waltz." Members of the public present entered in the plot and soon all were dancing to the strains of a radio-gramophone. Suddenly a young man was seen to stumble and fall heavily to the floor. He tried to get up but fell backwards complaining of pain in his right leg. Actually the inj uries were a fractured leg and a dislocated shoulder. The Senior teams had to treat both injuries whilst the Cadet teams dealt only with the fractured leg. The results were :-Seniors: 1, "Toogood" Cup, " A" team (Capt. Cadet Officer S. Sanders); 2, "B" team (CorpI. E. C. Symons); 3, "c" team (CorpI. E. Curgenven). Cadets: Team composed of Cadets Muchmoor, Steed, A. and J. Rawlings, and Harris gained first place. The Mayor presented the awards and congratulated the teams on their work. He was delighted to be present as Chairman of their Association, their voluntary work being a great asset to the town and district. Dr. Toogood thanked the 1fayor for his interest taken in the Division. The work in the team test was extraordinarily good and he was amazed at the Cadets' efforts. Dr. Morgan stated that he was pleased with the individual work.

Members of the Harlow Division on Parade outside their new ~mbulance Station. On the extreme left is Supl. F. A. Hawksworth, and on the extreme right Div. Surgeon W. N. Booth, l\l.D., B.S. follo\\ cd by Barnstaple, Plymouth Central, Torquay, Totne , Exeter City Police, Plymouth Friary, Ashburton and Teignmouth. Pte. \V. II. G. Luscombe, Newton Abbot} won the "Pengelly Cup," and was, we learn, a new rccruit of the Brigade. Mr. C. 11. P. Wright (Chairman, Exeter U.D.C.), presided at the presentation meeting, whilst Mrs. Wright presented the prizes. Corpl. Waldron, who had been the " paticnt" for nearly six hours was presented with a special prizc. LISKEARD.-The Annual Ambulance and Cadet Competitions of the Liskeard Division were he1d on January 2?th. Dr. Toogood (County Surgeon for Cornwall), asSisted by County Officer Landrey, judged the team test, Dr. Morgan conducting the individual tests. A novel team test was set. As each team entered the

Supt. Wenmoth thanked the judges and County Officer for their great assistance. County Officer Landrey said how pleased he was with the work carried out by the teams and he hoped the Division would be represented in the County Competitions, both Ambulance and Cadets.

No. X. District. HARLow.-The new Ambulance Station of the Harlow Division was formally opened and handed over on Sunday, January 29th. The building, which is costing about £300 has been provided as a memorial to the late Dr. Charles Launder Chalk, M.C., who died in August, 1931, after beina' in practice for a number of years at Hatfield Broad Oak and Harlow. Members of the Division under Dr. W. N . Booth and

AI D .

20-+ Supt. F. ~\. Ha\\"ks\\orth formed a guard o£ honour to receive the Rev. E. H. Hearn (Vicar) Hatfield Broad Oak), i\Ir. and 1\Irs. Hubert Balfour, Dr. J. A. T. White and Lieut.-Col. G. A. Grounds, D.S.O. (hon. Treasurer o£ the Division). Dr. 'White poke of the "'onderful capabilities of the late Dr. Chalk, whom} he said, had worked strenuously for the town's welfare. The official opening \yas performed by 11rs. H. Balfour, to whom a bouquet \\"as pre ented by 1\Iiss 11argaret Booth. Prayers of dedication \yere offered by the Rev. Hearn. The motor ambulance \ya driven into the garage and the building opened for in pection. ince the formation. in 1929) of the Harlow Diyi ion , much useful work has been done by its members. The ambulance has covered 14,000 mil es whilst 2)50 hours have been spent on tran port duties and 3,-+80 hours on public duties. The Diyision has attended 114 accidents) 870 public duties and 1,899 drills. First aid has been rendered in 801 ca es and 209 removals and 687 transport duties have been undertaken. SHERIXGILDI.-The report for 1932 has just been i sued. During the year -1-1 ca es had been attended in addition to minor cases. The new hut in Barford Road has proved a great boon to the Diyision and it is hoped to accommodate a wheeled carriage for short distance ,,"ork. The numerical strength has declined and a course of lectures are to be held this year in an endeavour to recruit new members. The annual inspection 'was carried out by the Commission on Dr. Sumpter's lawn. The treasury side of the bu iness is not in such a flourishing way as it might haye been and the public haye been im·ited to subscribe further to the funds.

------. -- .------

The Roy al Life Sav ing Society. THE se\"enth article on Life Saving will deal wlth a fresh aspect, that of Resuscitation, or the endeavour to restore natural breathing to one who has been taken from the water, apparently dro\\·ned. In order to cOlwey some general idea of the principles underlying the method adopted in Resuscitation, it is necessary to gi\"e a general outline of the structure of the human chest or thorax, as well as to explain the process by ,,,hich breathing and circulation of the blood is carried on. The Chest or Thorax is a ca\"ity, conical ill shape, surrounded by the ribs, the base being formed by the diaphragm and contains the heart, the large blood vessels, the lungs and air-pipes leading to them, as well as the gullet or food pipe. The heart is a hollow muscular organ which acts as a pump to drive the blood throug-h the blood vessels. It is divided into two sections, a right and a left, which do not communicate directly one with the other, but are separated by a complete partition or septum, so that we speak of the right heart and of the left heart, always remembering that the two sections form a single organ and beat simultaneously. Each section has two chambers, an upper and a lo\ver; the upper being called auricles and the lower ventricles. Tht:! muscle of which the walls of the heart are comprised is termed cardiac muscle. It differs from the ordinary or voluntary muscle in contracting spontaneously and rythmically. The right side of the heart receives the blood after it has returned from the body in its impure state and forces it into the lungs to be purified, whence it returns to the left side to be pumped through the arteries to all parts of the body. The heart is thus the main force in the circulation. Its act on ,n propelling the blood through the vessels is by allcr-

February , 193 3 .

nate contraction and dilatation. The contraction of the two auricles i simullaneous, and is immediately followed by that of the two ventricles. The contractions of the heart difTer from ordinary or (voluntary) muscle contraction, and arc normally made at the rate of about 72 times a minute, but as the right and left sides of the heart havt: no elir ct connection, the right auricle forces the blood into the right \'entricle and the left auricle into the left \·entricle. The imrure blood pa se from the right ide of the heart to the lungs for puriJlcation and come back to the left side of the heart to be pump d over the whole system. The windpipe or trachea, which begins at the lar) nx, is partiedly closed by the glottis with its vecal cords; from the larynx it rasses down the front of the neck into the thorax. Its rigidity is cau ed by the rresence in its walls of C- haped ring of cartilage, which ar for the purpose of keeping it a!\\'ays open. 'Within the thorax it bifurcates and its two branches, known as the right and left bronchi, enter their re pective IUl1~' ; ,,·ithin the lung. the bronchi divide again and again, the branches being kno\\ n as bronchial tubes. Each terminal bronchial tube expand into a number of enlargements or air-sacs (known a pulmonarr alveoli), the ""alls of 'Nhich are formcd of hemispherical bulging·s. These air-sacs have \ery thin walls, \\'ith a certain amount of elastic tis ue encil-cling them, but 110 mu . . cular tissue. They are lined by thin flat cells and co\cred by a close network of capillaries. The 'e capillaries rece-i \ e \'enous blood from the right \'entricle of the heart through the branches of the pulmonary artery: corresponding branches or tributaries of the pulmonary \"ein collect and take this blood to the left auricle a~ artt:!ri<t1 or rure blood. The actual purification in the lungs takes place by r asoll of the capillaries being only separated by the \"er) thin lining of the alveoli from the air, the blood readily gives l)fT its carbonic acid g-a to the air and recei\"C~ frorn the air a ,>upplv of oxygen. . The air is caused to pas into and is expelled fn)m tIll' ah'eoli by the movements of respiration, which alternateh produce enlargement and diminution of the si/.e of the chest. ince the lungs are kept in contact \\'ith the inner surface of the chest by atmospheric pressure they are compell ed to follow every variation in its size. Therefore, when thL' cavity of the chest enlarges, the lungs also expand; when the chest diminishes in size the lung become slll;1l1cr. The changes in capacity of the chest are brought about by the muscles of respiration aided by the elastic property of the chest walls; the lungs follow the e changes passin!I\·. To understand how resriration is effected \\'e 111U t lherefo~c study the manner in which the changes in the capacit\· of the thorax are brought about; a description of which ~\"ill be given in the next article. Apart from the ability to be able to swim and bring a person safely to shore, a thorough knowledge of the meth~ds of re piration now being explained is essential, as an occasion may arise when although it ha ' not been nece 'sar)" to take a person out of the water, yet a knowledfTc of the application of resuscitation may prove invaluable. .\n instance of this is shown in the following record, which was received by the Society only a few months ago :A lady, whilst driving in her car along the sea front at a well known watering place, obsen'ecl someone being brought ashore as th~ result of a drowning- accident. Stopping the car she hurned down the beach and found that the patient's breathing had apparently ceased. 0 one among the crowd knew anything of the application of resuscitalion, bul fortunately the lady was the holder of the Society's awards, and therefore had a thorough knowleJge of what to do . She immediately applied the Schafer method of artificial respiration and after sOll1e considerable time the patient was restored . Such an instance as this shows how necessary it is for everyone to have this knowledge at command .

b'ebruary , 1933.

FIRST

AID.

205

Rat/way Ambulance News. London, Midland and Scottish. 'm:'FFlELD.-The fourth Annual Dinner of the Sheffi eld District Ambulance Corps L.1\I. & S. was held on Friday, January 27th, under the chairmanship of 111'. Cuthbert Jones llJistnct Goods and Passenger Manager), \\ h en some 250 members ancl friends partook of an excellent dinner. The hainnan gave a warm welcome to 1\1r. Byrom (Chief Operating Manager), and ;\Irs. Byrom. He also read a Jetter from ::-'Ir. Darbyshire (Chief Officer for Labour and Establishment), expressing regret that he was unable to he pre ent. l\Ir. Jones spoke of the regret all felt that .:'ITr. JLlIllcr Ru ull, :\I.P., Corps StlPt. S.J.A.B., was prL\ enLed, h) illness) from being present. After the Royal toast, Col. A. :\1. Connell (Presidenl ,heffield Corps, S.J.A.D.), propo ed the" L.M. & S. AmIJt11ance 1\Iovement." In a moving- speech, he poke of the \\()nderful first aid work clone \\ hich had been the means o f saving life and limbs. :\f r. Byrom in re:pOll c said it was a great pleasurc

Bromage (Secrelary), .:'IIessrs. Painter, Mascard, ),latthews, llcLoughlin, Sharp, Liggins, Tym and others. LEEDs.-The presentation of the ambulance awards gained by members of the Leeds) Hunslet Lane) class were presented recently by Mr. E. Bolton assistant to the District Goods Manager, who congratulated the men on the splendid results achieved and urged them to do all they possibly could to increase interest in the movement. The a\vards gained were as follows :-Certificates 13' Vouchers 12; Medallions 17; Labels 44; Home • ursing Pendants 9. The Secretary of the class, Mr. E. K. Banks, is to be congralulated on the continued success of this class. vYATFoRD.-The presentation of the ambulance class awards gained by the students at the above class was h.e ld on February 1st. )(Ir. Bunker) Station ::-'Iaster, preSIded and .was supported by 11r. A. C. Harris) Assistant to the ChIef Officer for Labour and Establishment, :\lr.

Saltley (L.l\1. S.) Division. to. ~Irs. Byrom and himsel£ to be present.

He warmly

p.! alse.d th~ men and \\"omen \\ ho gaye up their leisure tune"l11 thIS great" humane" cause. . .9 ur Guests" \Va propose~ by 1\1r. G. P. IIcggs (DlstIlct Loco. Supt.), to whIch Mr. Jack Russcll responded. . ~mol1gst ot~1ers prescnt \\!ere Supt. T. Breaks (Chief, ~,heffie1d CIty FIre .Brigade)" Alderman C. \lV. Beard ley l\[r F Taylo' (A ss. t D'Istnct . (. 'fcr') < 1 uoo d sand. Pa.s5cngcr l\Iana-' nd Mr~. Taylor, 11r. Parnell (DIslnct Controller), ~Ir , . . S. HIll (General Ambulance Secretary, Euston), rlnd rMr. Blake (Welfare Dept.). I ' rhe ~r.r~ngements were 1~1acle by a Committee under (lC supe! VISIOI1 of Mr. J. GIbson and included Mr. H.

G. J acks.o11, and Dr. Buchanan, who examined the class. In ll1troducing 1\1r. Harris, the Station Master thanked the ~I~ bulanc~ men for the assistance they had a.lways 0 wl1l1l1g1y gwen in cases of emergency particularly 111 the recent accident at Watford. ' _. After pre~enting the a'wards which comprised 18 ill st. year Certificate and 4 Labels) 1\1r. Harris stressed ~ he l1nportanc~ .of ~ knowledge of fir t aid) not only for 1 ts general uttiity 111 cases of emergency but its effect on the moral character of those who studied it. He expressed ~o the succes~ful candidates the appreciation of the ChaIrman) the DIrectors and Chief Officers of the Company, of .the work which the ambulance men had done and were dOll1g throughout the line and stated that any-

FIRST

206

thing he could do at any time to help forward the work would always very willingly be done. On behalf of the Company, Mr. Harris expressed appreciation of the gratuitous services of the class lecturer, Dr. T. D. Renwick, whose patient and interesting lectures had done so much to make the class a success.

of pride and gratitude. Responding, Mr. Whitley said the success of the Corps was largely due to the excellent team spirit which prevailed. The Mayor presented a large numbcr of class and other awards, including gold medals and bars for 1S, 20 and 25 years' ambulance efficiency. The procecdings were enlivened by an excellent concert.

Great Western.

In our January issue it is stated that thc G.W.R. Gold 11edallists' outing for 1933 would take placc at Abergavenny on May 15th. This should have read, Saturday, May 13th.

COMPETI.TIONS.-The Divisional Ambulance Competitions, the first round in the G.W.R. Company's annual series of first aid contests, are taking place during the months of February and March for both advanced and beginners' classes in each of the seventeen Ambulance Divisions. Local adjudicators have been engaged) and in addition to the several Divisional Trophies, prizes in kind are awarded by the Directors) for which approximately fifty per cent. of the entrants can qualify. The semi-final, or second round of the competitions, is purely an eliminating contest) to find the eight best teams for the final competition) which takes place at Paddington at the end of April. For the convenience of teams, the semi-final will be held in four parts, at London, Birmingham, Bristol and Newport respectively. It is gratifying to observe that, despite the difficulties of the present time, the entry for the competitions is only slightly below that of previous years, no fewer than 294 teams having entered, of which 115 are in the advanced and 179 in the beginners' section. GREAT MALvERN.-We regret to record the death of Mr. C. T. Tubey, station master) Great Malvern, who passed away on January 10th) at the early age of 49. Mr. Tubey was for many years keenly interested in ambulance work, and was a member of the G.W.R. Worcester Divisional Committee. His devotion to the movement was evidenced by the large number of ambulance workers who attended the funeral, including besides railway ambulance men a number representing the St. John Ambulance Brigade in the locality, GLOUCESTER.-The Annual Dinner of the Gloucester G.vV.R. Ambulance Class was held at the Spread Eagle Hotel on the evening of January 28th, under the presidency of Mr. S. Morris, Div. Supt., when among the distinguished company present were the Mayor (Mr. W. L. Edwards), the ex-Mayor (Mr. S. J. Gillett), the City Member (Mr. H. Leslie Boyce), the City High Sheriff (11r. Chas. Fox), Mr. R. H. Nicholls (late Supt. of the Line), Mr. H. S. B. Whitley (Div. Engineer), Dr. J. F. H. Stallman, and a large number of other railway and civic officials. The Chairman referred with feeling to the recent death of Mr. E. A. Chapman, late District Goods Manager, who had been vice-President of the Gloucester G.W.R. Corps for a period of ten years, and had always been actively interested in all that concerned its progress. The continued growth of the ambulance movement on the G.W.R., even in these difficult days, was most gratifying, said Mr. Morris, who also remarked on the fact that this year saw the coming of age of the Gloucester Corps. Mr. Leslie Boyce, M.P., proposing the toast of " The Great Western Railway," said it was just 44 years since the first ambulance class was held at Gloucester. He congratulated the class on another year of excellent achievement, and said the fact that ambulance men were voluntarily giving up so much of their leisure to relieve pain and succour the injured should fill the hearts of even the most unimaginative citizens with deep feelings

London and North Eastern. SOUTIIERI

AREA.

G. E. SECTION. District Officers' Shield Competitions have been held as under. Ipswich District, held on January 21 t. Eight teams competed with Parkeston gaining first placc. Norwich District, held on February 4th. Six teams competed. The Shield and medals were presented to the winners, Lowestoft, by 11rs. W. R. Magnus, Serving Sister of the Order of St. John. Stratford District, hcld on February 8th. Twelve teams competed, Printing Works) Stratford, "B" team gaining first place. The Shield, l\Iedals and othcr award were presented by Dr. Joan Drury, the daughter of thc Superintendent of Operation, Stratford District. NORTH-EASTERN AREA .

On January 14th at the District Council Meeting of the Middlesbrough District, Mr. Geo. Jackson, General Secretary, presented gold medals for 15 ycars' sen'i ce to Messrs. C. A. Hall and E. R. Hulatt, Redcar; V. Murray, Middlesbrough; E. G. Wallis) South Bank; A. Ward, Hartlepool; T. Ware) Stockton; and bars for 20 years' service to Messrs. J. Brown and T. Wilkinson, West Hartlepool, and Mr. T. A. Sharp, Hartlepool, with the hope that each would go on for still further bars. The members of the Greatham class met on Sunday, January 15th to express their good wishes to Mr. Cuthbertson) Station Master and Chairman of the class on his transfer to post of S.M. Washington. Mr. J. Chambers presided and Mr. J. Chapman presented an attache case, and Mr. C. Firman on behalf of Station Staff an umbrella. Mr. Cuthbertson expressed his thanks and spoke of the many happy hours he had spent amongst them, regretted his leaving, but hoped to continue his connection with the ambulance work at his new station. On January 21st the Darlington District met in strong force at the Temperance Hall for a smoker, when Mr. E. Weavers, Station Master, presided in the absence of Mr. T. B. Hare, Dist. Supt., on account of illness, and expressed his pleasure in being amongst them and hoped to give what help he could to the work in Darlington. Mr. Geo. Jackson presented a framed diploma to Mr. J. B. Smith, on his appointment of Serving Brother of the Order of St. John, and wished him long life to wear the Insignia. He also handed Gold Medal to Mr. E. Thompson, 20 years' bar to Messrs. S. Hardwick and R. J. Wake, Darlington, and hoped that all would go on in the work and receive further awards.

FIRST

February, 1933.

F ebruary, 1933.

A I D.

A capital Concert Parly rendered some fine glees, songs; and Miss Calvcrt and her fricnds distributed rcfrcshmcnts, elc.

Detailed Marking Sheet, No. 40. BRIG ,\DE TEAl\J TE T. Cum 01, INSTIWCTJON. - You are just leaving this hall to go on Road Patrol Duly, when you hear a man in an adjoining hall shouting for help. Act. Time limit 15 minutes. HI TORY OF .\CCIDEl\T. .\n electrician on a ladder "'irinl{ for o\'crhead lig-ht, o\·erhanccd, and fell from the ladder hCel' il) on to anotiwr scaiTold nearby. The ladder slips and falls on to hi mate, striking him heavily on the rig-hl shoulder. S L\CI:-:C OF TEST.-Elct trician to be found hanging head on olle side, and fCl'l on the other side of seafTold. BloCld to be found Ilowing from mouth. t\late to be found silting" 011 thl: noorupporting his rig-Ilt t:-Ibow with his left hand. ?\OlE H)I~ Jl ·DGE . Fake following injuries :-ElectnCI<l11 h;emorrhagc from mouth; sprained left ankle, and dislocatl:d rig-ilt !-ihoulder. :'Irate . implc fracture right cla\·iclc. _-\mbulance not to Telephonc in house next dOOF. arrin: until treatmcnt compl ted. i\[an to act as caretaker. 1:\1:'>11'.1>1.\'1'1'

.h" 110:\.

R'lpid appro,tch 011 p,lticnt ; lecl\ e as found Tactful and cnco'Jrag-ing \\ ords to ;\Iat ... :\os. 1 and 3 detailed to attend to :'IIate ... " 2 ,,1Electrician · Seat \Iale on chair as comfortahly as possible \\'hile H 'arer SUpPMts apparently injured limb Te, t if Ekclrician nlllscious (yes) \\'arn Ekclrician not to mO\·c ; encourage Get history of accident from ;\late (as abo7 e) La) blanket on t1~H)r side of scaffold ... ;\Iethod of lifting Electrician to g-round ... Place on blanket comfortahh' on bnck ... Ob 'crvc ha~morrhage cOl1lin~~ from mouth .\ k CCllour of hlood (bright rid and Irot/l)') If cO~lghl'd up (I'{'sj; if any pain () 't'S, lejl Sldt') pal~ elsewhere (rllflli sllOlllder and lelt ankle) Exall1l11e lefl side for irregularity (present) And for pre ence of wound (none) ... Ask nature of breathing (sllOrl alld shallow) Ask. if pain worse on taking deep breath (yes) DecLde Fracture of Ribs penetratin,r luno·s Further tactful and encourag-ing w~rds ~.. Incline patient to injured side with head low Support him there; ask where ho pltal (2 Illzles) Ambulance (at hospital) ; telephone (next do07') If doctor (hospital); if other convenience (no) If the Caretaker of hall is available (yes) end Caretaker to 'phone Doctor and Ambulance Ask for icc or cold water; cold compress left side Take names and addres es of patients, and of Firm Ask Caretaker to notify firm of accident ROUTINE EXAl\IJNATJON OF PATIENTS. ELECTRICL\N_ Ask i~ l11~n still coughing up blood ()Ies)... Test l~ stIlI unconscious (lze responds) ... Exam,n.e right shoulder; ask if wound (110) DeformLty (yes) ; irregularity (yes) ; swelling (yes) Loss of power and fixity (yes) ; sickening pain (yes) Il

3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 4

2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1

1 1-

2 1

1 1 2 3 3

AID

207

Diagnose Dislocation of Right Shoulder... Support limb in most comfortable position Examine left ankle; ask if swelling (yes) Loss of power (can move but pain increases)... If irregularity (no) ; if discoloured (yes) Decide to treat as Sprained Ankle Raise limb and support comfortably Quickly and efficiently exclude injuries To Head; Neck; Spine; Left upper Limb Abdomen; Pelvis; and Right Lower Limb EAlciency of methods of examination Cover patient warmly with blankets ?\IATEExamine Right Upper Limb j ask if wound (no) If loss of power (partial: Righi Upper Limb) If swelling and irregularity of Right Clavicle (yes) Bearer maintains control of injured limb Ask if man has pain elsewhere (no) Confirm by rapid examination of Left Upper Limb; Head Spine; r\bdomen; Pelvis; Lower Limbs (no injuries) Efficiency of methods of examination Cover patient warmly with blanket TREAT:I!ENT OF PAT1ENTS. ELECTRICIA:-':Do not apply bandages round chest Keep inclined to injured side, with head IO\\" Continue to support him in that position... Renew cold compress to injured left side... Place left upper limb in large arm-sling... Test ability to swallow; give sips cold water Sprinkle the face with cold water Apply smelling salts to nostrils Do not attempt to reduce Dislocated Shoulder ...\pply cold compress to right shoulder Do not remoye shoe and sock of injured limb Properly apply bandage beginning sole of foot \Vet bandage ,,·ith cold water after application Ask if pain at shoulder is relie\·ed (yes) ... Keep patient comfortable j cover warmly... l\IATELoo en clothe; remove coal; relax brace Make large pad and insert in axilla Bend forearm; keep shoulder well back . . Support limb comfortably in St. John Sling Tightly secure limb with broad bandage... Test pulse; tighten sling if necessary Replace coat; offer hot drink in sips Smelling salts to nostrils; coyer warmly... Judge says" A mbulance has arrived." TRANSPORT OF PATIE:\T. Ask Mate if able to walk to ambulance eves) One Bearer assists late to ambulance Preparing, testing-, and placing stretcher lethod of loading stretcher; adjustment slings lethod of carrying and lowering stretcher Do not change Bearers (di tance 30 yards) Care and observation during transport Judge says" Doctor has anived." Report history of accident, and injuries found: ELECTRICIAN-Fracture Left Ribs penetrating Lung ', Dislocated R ight Shoulder, Sprained Left Ankle, Shock lATE-Simple Fracture Right Clavicle and Shock General smartness and co-operation of team Efficiency ot officer in command

2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1-

3 3 1 1

1 3 1 1

2 11-

2 2 1 1 1-

2 1 1 2 2 2 1-

2 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 2

1 2 3 6 5 2 3

2 5 5

1 8

FIRST

Przory for ,\~XlJ,\L :'IIEEill\'GS 1'051'1'OXEI).

1L was arranged at the last meeting l)t the Exccuti\"(~ and ,\mbulance Committees of the Priory for \\'ales to hold the annual meetincr of the hapter and General ~\ssembly on :'larch 1st; bu~ o\\'ing to the sub equent illness of the Sub-Prior and the intimation that the Prior H. R.H. the Prince of 'Yale would visit Cardiff in A.pril, it has been since decided to hold all the meeting on the one auspicious da\' when, for the econd time in the history of tbe Priory its' Royal Prior \\'ill demonstrate his per onal interest by takin": an acti\'c part in its functions, The first occasion \\'as in 1921 \"hen His Royal Highne s opened the East :'I100rs Hostel admini 'tered by the Priory unde1- the :'Ilinistry of Labour for the accommodation of ex-sen'icc trainees attendino- the Governmcnt Instructional Factory. Tht programme will include the unveiling of thc memorial tablet to the late Sir Herhert Le\\'is, first Principal Secretary and C011l111i sioner for '\'ales, at St. John's Church, Cardiff, and an investiture of a limited number of recently admitted or promoted members of the Order, to be held in the Assembly Room, City Hall, Cardiff. IXSPECTIOl\' BY CHIEF CO)'L\lISSIO~ER.

.\nother forthcoming e,'ent of widespread interest is the inspection of the Brigade in the ~lonmouthshire Centre, ~o be conducted by the Chief Commissioner, Major-General S1r John Duncan, E..C.B., C.l\1.G., D.S.O., 'whose promise to yisit \Vales for the purpose on May 20th next, has been received with acclamation. By iJ1\'itation of Viscount Tredegar, C. B. E., the inspection will takc place at Tredegar Park; and the Commissioner for ;\lonmouthshire has inyited neio-hbouring Centres to join in the parade. The Monmouthshi~e Centre arranges a mass inspection triennially and in 1930 o\,er 1,000 members assembled on the parade ground there at :\berga\'enny. There is likely to be a larger attendance in i'.lay next, as, despite the adverse effect of trade depression, the membership is still increasing, Reporting on the work for the year 1932, the Commissioner, Colonel Sir Joseph Bradney, C, B., records the registration of fiye new L.:'nits, while the work is being maintained throughout the county in a prosperous condition, by the hclp of the unstinted sen'ices of the Sub-Commissioner, C<l.ptain S. T. Beard,O.B.E. FiRST

AID IN :\lJl\'ES.

•'\'11 unofftcial step taken recently at the instigation of the Priory for \Vales is likely to go a long way towards eradicating a cause for complaint which for some years past has occupied the attention of ~\mbulancc Authorities, 'While the standard of ambulance work in the mines has been stead il y raised and im proved by statutory measures, the most recent legislation of the ;\1ines Department goes no further than to in ist upon the responsible ambulance man being in possession of a Fi rst Aid Certi hcate of one of the recognised authorities; and it is generally thought that it should reLJuire such person to requalify, periodic<l.lly, as in the case of the Board of Trade regulations which make il necessary for a candidate applying for a certificate of COI11petencyas master or mate of a merchant vessel or ski pper or second-hand of a fishing trawler to be in possession of a valid First Aid Certificate not 1II01'e {/zan three )leal'S old. Instances frequently come to kno\\'ledg~ of ambulance men responsible for the First Aid boxes who are not competent to render first aid, ha\'ing had no recent instruction or experience; and the matler has been discussed at a meeting of the l\lonmouthshire and South Wales Coal Owners' ,\ssociation, \'vith the result that it was decided to issue a

February, 1935.

A 10 .

F IR S T

l:'cbruary, 1933. , \\\'/\ROS FOR KENFIl~ HILL WORKEHS.

f/l/ales.

recommendation to it, membership urging- Collicry Companic to do all in their po\\'er to ensure that the men carrying Fir t .\id boxes shall re'lCW their qualification l)nCe in nyc years. \\,hile this recOl1lmeadation carril's no ollicial dictum, e\'idence is forthcoming that it is bein~' adopted. TYLORSTowN .bI8ULAl\'CE TR ,\INING

CENTHE.

.'\' furthcr mceting' in the scries of lectul"l.:'s arranged by the Tylorsto\\'n .\111 bulance Di\'ision took place on \Vednesnay, january 18th, when a large gathering attended, undcr the chairmanship of C. Jenkins, Esq" :\1.E., to hear \V, T. Line, Esq., F. G. .,:'11. 1.1\1. E., ;\l. 1.:'1. ., s!~cak on "The Importance of Geology in Coal 1\lini11g, The Pre ident, in introducing :\[ r, Lane, remarked that the lecturer of the e\'cning was a man who had, throu-:-h hard work and study (ha\ ing started in the pit when lIe \\'as only 13 and continued until he was 1.1), aLLained his F.G . . at the early age of 22. 1\1r. Lanc rose amidst applause, thank~'d the President for his kind remarks, and kept the gathering- interested for O\'er one and a half hours, producing many and \'arious specimen of fo sils and stones. A hearty ,'ote of thank to the lecturer was pnJPoscd by D. \\,illiams, ES4., under manager, econded by \1. I re\\-, :\1. E, ; Di\-isional SlIPl. \\T. Isaac Da\ ies, prupo 'ing a \ ote of thanks to the President, to whol11, he said, the Di\'i ion owcd its thanks for the attendance of ;\Ir, Lanc tlwtc\ening, as the sen'ices ot the lecturer had been sccurcdthn)ugh .\Ir. Jenkins, who \\'as always ready tl) assist the Di\ ision in it'; efforts to maintain intere,;t. PRESEXTATlON ,\I' O _ \l~D .\Lli. The Lesser IIall of Oakdale \Yorkmen's In:,,tilute was the cene of great acti\ity on aturday, J anuar) i-tth, when the Oakdale Ambulance Di\'ision entPrtained a large COlllpany of St. John Cadets and Girl Guides \\'itll their oOlee.! rs and other guests. Following tea, l\lr. F. Squire presided at the prescntation; and Sub-Col11111i!>sioner Capt. S. T. Beard, 0,13. E., handed 10 Cadet Ollicer T. Duckha1ll, an ebon\ walking stick suitably inscribed, subscribed for by the -cadets i;1 appreciation his services. He said lw w,~s pleased to !>ce so large an attendance and was ~Iad to note till' progre s at Oakdale, particularly in these depressing timcs. It spoke well for the splendid efforts pu t forward to keep the nag flying . He pointed out thc need for a nursing di\'ision at Oakdale-there was not Olle in the Sirho\\'y Valley; and also hoped to see an ambulance hall at Oakdale, Corps Superintendent J. Leach, in distributing certillcates to the cadets said he hoped to remain on the same friendly terms with the men as in the past before his promotion to Corps Supt. vVarrants of appointment were presented by Stafr Officer W. ]. Pcnberthy to Cadet Supt. T. Duckham and Cadet Offtcer John Powell, who for many years has been Secretary of the adult section. On behalf of the senior section, SupL. F. Dix presented Corps Offtcer 1\1r. W, J, Little with a handsome mahog'any clock, pal ing tribute to j\ 1r. Lilllc for the valuable services he had rendered to the ;\1l1bul~111Ce Division fro111 its inception in 1912. ~loving a vote of thanks to Captain Beard and all who had taken part, Dr. Cianter, Div. Supt., said he had watched from the the beginning the splendid progress of the cadets, From the first examination up to the presellt they had shown keen interest in the work, and he congratulated S u pt. Duckham on the excellent training he had given them.

The Commissioner for "Vales, the lIon. J ohn Bruce, paid his lirst \'isit to thc Kenllg IIill ambulance hall on aturday, February 11th, when the annual presentations, social and dance organised joinLiy by the ambulance and i1Llr~ing section was attended by a large company. Thc COlllmissioncr congratulated the Committee and olTic('fs lln maintaining' eillcient units of mcn, \\'omen, bOjs and girlS, and on thc work carried out. IIe was ver) pleased to hm'e the hOlh)Ur of prescnting Vellum Vote of Thanks H\\ arded by the Grand Prior on thc rccommendation of the Chapter C;nl'ral to three g·entlemen whose united sen ices had placed the Hm\)ul,l1lce movement on such it sl)und basi." \ iz., :\lr. Geurgc Knott, Chairman of the Kenlig Hill ,\lllbulal1L'e Commillel', :\11'. Jenkin Jones, and ~l r. Alfred Jun, who have l'ach sCl"\cd on thc Committee since its inceptiZm ill 1911,

--. _ .----

3loHce J\mbulance News. ])urin~

la ... l 111l)nth tIlL' elilllinatin~' compcLLtlons werc held in the niI1l'di:"triL'h intl' \\ hich England and \\'ale:" is lii\ idcd, fll!' tlw " Pilll "trl)phy. ThL following results and n;purh .1rL' to hand. :\ l). 1 ])i sl ril·t ClHll pel i tiOll W,t-. heltl at Li \-erpool Oil janu,lr) 20lh, Dr.,.!. C. "ll)Jlin (111<.1 J .. \nder,>on (team) and Dr. J. F. r [allliltlln (imli\ idllal) acting- as judgc';. Fifteen 1l'alll-, ClllllpL'lL'd, Livcf]'ool :\0. 1 bein~ adjudged the winner'> with 227 ll1ark~ llUt Df a pl",sibk 35U. :\l). 2 \)islli,' t. IIl'ILI at ])arlingtl)Jl l)n ]anuan 31sl. JlId~'L''> wcrl' Dr. K. H. Ik'\'l;dL~ (ll'<lm) an"d Dr. 'J. :\1. Hermon tindi\ idual). DUI'ham :\l). 1 wen~ placed fir t oul l,f tln ll',tnh \\ hieil ",)mjlL'lL·d. :\l) . .) l)islrict. {reid at DDnca"'lL'r on Januar) 3Uth. .J L1d~'LS WL'l'l' D1' . (-\:, II. BL'\L'rlc\ ,lIld C. B. Ball. e\'en ll',tI11S lll1ll \1L'tL'J , \\'L'';l Riding- " C-" being the win tlCrs. :\l). -+ District. IIcld at Biriming-halll 011 January 1LJth. J,Lld~L:s Wl rc Dr. Tulli:" (k,lIn) and ])1 .. \udland (inc1i\ idual). l'o.u~lL'cn ll'alll ... compclcd, \\'oIH' rhampton Borough Policc g ;unlllg' Ilr~t placl'. The markin~ ~heet fllr the team lest of lhi ... Lllmpelitil)1l was as fl)lIows :

TE.\.:I

TEst. You four 111(:11 ,trl' ,(ttcnding a 11L)litical ll1eet1ng III ,( lar~'e hall, \\ hL'1l \OU slldtlenh' see a man who lIas repcalL'dh intcrruptl'd the p;'ocel'dincrs ~\-er-balanl'd from the chair on ~\'hich he wa:" standin(r ~\I~'f,t11 to the o'round i\Ct as you should. Time allo\\'ed 20 minute ..., .

Keep back cm\\ d to a rl'<lsonable distance Distract attention of crowd b, :.\sking speaker tu L'ontinuc or org:anisL ll1 play Order attendants to open L'xit doors ... ... ,\sk if ductal' in crowd (no) ... ,.. ... 1lltluire from attendanh J'l' alllbulance material (ha\'cr. sack and stretcher in caretaker" room) Dispatch bearer for samc ... Inquire re telcphone (3 mins. walk if bearer sent, to be out 5 minutcs) ... IIlLJLI~re re doctor (~ mile away, prob..tblyout) I nqu~l'c re hospital (1 mile away) ... InqUire rl' Hmbulanc{' (will be wailil1'r whell you arc ready) ... .., ~ Re1~10ve chairs well a wa j .. Notice any visible ha:morrhagc (non\.!) ... Speak to. patient asking where pain is (no repl) Loose~l tl~ht clothing and remove any false teeth EXal11l1.1atlOn of patient; fee l pulse (120 weak) BreathIng (30 shallow)

2 3

2 2

2 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 1

AID. S mcll of breath (normal) Examine scalp, temples and back of head (normal) ears and nose for bleeding (nil) ... mouth (normal) " eyes for size and ~quality of pupils (normal, equal) Reaction to light of pupils (sluggish) Bloodshot (no) Colour of tace (pale) Temperature (sub-normal) ... Examine both arms, forearms, collar bones and scapula: (normal) ... ... ... ... Examine both \\-rists and note blue paint on left; i1':. wrist s\\'ol1en? (yes) ... Irregularity or abnormal mobility (no) Examine both hands (normal) chest (normal) abdomen (normal) peh'is (normal) " right thigh and leg (clothes damp and slained over right calf wound indicated by paint) ... Ex-amine left thigh and le~', noting left foot outwards .\ny apparent shorten ing of leg; yes, there is a fracture of the neck of the left femur Treatment of concussion; keep head low and to one side end to caretaker's room. for cold water Renew to head frequently Smelling- alt (te ted) to nose... \Vatch for signs of compression coming on Treatment of right calf; inquire as to everity of ha:morrhage ("ery lightly) Expose wound ... Iodine to hand; care not to contaminate afterwards... Iodine to \\'ound Clean dressing and pad on wOllnd and light bandag~" Treatment of fracture of the neck of the left femur' stead) injured limb ' Genth- dra\\' foot do\\'n Band;tge round both feet and thigh firmly Pass bandages properly for Chest, 1 ; pel\'is, 1 ; both ankle, 1 Both thigh below fracture Both legs, 1 ; both knees (broad), Splint from axilla ·0 heel Bandages tied as passed COH'r patient with blanket Treatment of sprained left \Hi!>t; bandage round letl wrist., . Thoroughly wetted, 1 ; cold ,,'ater renewed, Tr<!l1sport ; prepare and test stretcher Blanket on stretcher to fold O\'er patient ... Placin~' stretcher, 1 ; loading stretcher, -+ Bystander to pass stretcher under patient Lifting stretcher ... ... Ohservation of patient by No, 2 (fr0111 the exciLable state of patient who has now recovered from his concu ion, you suspect ) ou are dealing with a lunatic) Lower stretcher .' Search for dangelous materials, e. g., firearms or knives (none) ... ... I1:1l1lec.liat 1)' tie pati nt on to stretcher eJTect ivelr Lift stretch~r, 1 ; load into waiting ambulance, -+ Accompanying and watchfu l care cn route ... R ep01-t to doctor at hospital; history, concu!>sion, torn r ight c<l.lf, fractured femur, -prained wrist, suspected lu nacy Extra e fTiciency mark

1 2 1 1 2

1 1 1 1 5

2 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 2

2 1

2 L 2 2 1 3 1 2

1 1 2. 2 1 2

5 1 1

2 2 3 -+ 5 2 6 20

Total 150 No. 5 District.-H ld at Peel H ouse, London, on J anuary 23rd. Ju dges \\-ere Dr. R B. Duncan (team) and

FIR S T and Dr. tanley Dayies (indi\·idual). Eight teams competed, Cambridgeshire Con tabulary gaining first place. At the conelu ion of the te"ts hoth Judges commented 011 the \\'ork and g:.we u eful uggestions. ~Ir. Varney \\'ebb, Chid Constable of Cambridgeshire, 111O\'ed a vote of thanks to doctor ana official.. ~o. 6 District.-Held on January 18th, at Brighton. Judges, Dr. H. R. :'Ilc\llenan (team) and Dr. A. 1\1. Pollock (indiyidual). Once again \VesL ussex were ucce sful with 313 marks out of a po sible J . t]. i\ o. 7 District.-Held at Exeter, on January 24th. Dr. B. Venn Dunn being the Judge. Three teams presented themseh'es and Plymouth City gained first place followed by Bath City and Exeter City. Ko. 8 Distri::t.-Held at Aberyst\y)'th. Nine teams entered for this district. ;\lonmouthshire, winners of the "Pim" trophy la t year, will again compete in the final. ?\ o. 9 Di -trict. -A full report appeared last month. \\'inners "Y" Di"ision, :\letropolitan. At the final competition to be held on February 21st, at the l\lidland Grand Hotel, London, the larquess of Crewe, Lord Lieutenant of the County of London, will present the prizes. CITY OF L01\DON POLICE RESERVE. It is doubtful if my report this month will contain much of interest to readers other than men of the Reserye, as my time has been so "ery much occupied this last few weeks in making all the requisite Feparations for our annual course in first aid. Our first lecture on February 9th "was gi\"en by Capt. F. E. Bendix, our Assistant ;\1. 0., and the attendance numbered 110. I had hoped that this figure would ha\'e been exceeded but, as in pre\"iolls years, many of the senior first a iders seem to miss the first t,yO chapters ot the "Black Book," though I suggest the first chapter should be the most important, \."hich it eventually does to all who aspire to competition \York. As may be supposed my library of books on first aid is fairly extensi\'e, and to it I have just added the thirtieth edition of the" Manual for Royal K a val Sick Berth Staff." This work is perhaps much too comprehensive for general use, but it is a "v aluable book, though the illustrations in so many instances are simply outrageous and are more misleading than otherwise. Then again, ?lIr. F. G. Harwood, of the Southern Railway, has kindly sent me a copy of his book « Questions and Answers, etc., in First Aid." It is certainly a wonderful little book at its low cost of 6d. and I am recommending it to our class. I should, however, have liked my copy better if it had been in a stiff linen cover. It would have certainly helped it to last longer. CECIL G. E~IERY, Hon. Sec. and Comdr.

---._.--The Centenary Film of the Order of S1. John was shown at the Victoria Picture House, Kettering, on January 26th to 28th. The first annual dinner of the Holt Division, S.J.A. B., was recently held at the Lion Hotel. J r. F. Smith presided supported by officers of the Division. On Thun' day, February 23rd, o. 80 (Stoke 1ewington) Di\'ision, S.J.A.B., are to hold a dance and cabaret show at the Library Hall, Stoke ewington, in aid of divisional u nds.

A I D.

February, 1933.

The Black Samaritans. By BERT. L. COOMBES. DOWN the long tunnel a faint light appears . It comes nearer. Now the echoi ng footsteps of the man who carries it can be heard. \Vith anxious face he hurries forward toward that other light in the distance. Reaching it, he pauses for a bare second. Scanning the dusty, perspiring faces of the two men who are working there, he turns to one and, short of breath by his hurrying, gasps out" Jack, you're wanted at once down Griffin's Deep. Fi reman sent me. " Jack leant his mandril against the side, stepped back, put his jacket on and slung on his back a large tin box. "If I don't come back put the tools safe, Will," he asked; then turned to follow his guiue who was already hurrying away. "Who is it ?" he inquired. "Fred Slant, I think,' replied the guide, "but I don't know how badly he is hurt." A haulier driving a horse attached to a tram see them coming and stops his horse in a wide place to get them more chance to hurry by. " Turn left, bend low here, left agai 11. This is the place, down the bottom." A glance down the roadway shows a group of faint licrhts. "That's the place"; Jack crouches d0'Yn and crawls i nsicle. " Here's the man with the box." The group mo\'es to give him room. "One of you show a light for me." A hand holds the oil lam p forward. 'I Get the box open ready." The lid, with its large red cross painted on it, falls open. Inside are rows of roller and triangular bandages, lint and cotton wool; also iodine and smelling salts. Jack feels the pulse of the injured man. His eye scans the roof. "Oh, the top i safer here . We had to carry him back. Stones were fall ing all around him ." Jack notes the queerly right leg. Fractured; and been carried like that, but he would have been buried if they hadn't. " Get the stretcher from the engine house and bring that long box of splillts and a blan ket." A man hurries away. "Keep away from that leg while I dress these cuts on his head." He does his best to clean the cuts (difficult this with a con tinual cloud of dust hovering around). Puts iodine around wounds and bandage them . "Here , Tom, he has fainted . Fan him and put these smelling salts to his nose ." " Got that knife. Slit the outside seam of the trousers up gently, mind don't shake the leg. Right, I thought it was . Fractured thigh. No wound to the skin, thank goodness. VJhat! Splints come. Yes, the longest ones. Now you, hold th is foot exactly like that; don't move it, hold

FIRST

Februa ry, 1933.

it tight." The last of the bandages firm Iy fastened, the patient who is now conscious, is just lifted a few inches from the ground and the stretcher slid II nder hi m . lIe is offered a drink . They carry him to the main road, here a set of empty trams have been hrought ready . By sitting on the side of these they can hold the stretcher handles on their knees. Knowing the signal the engine driver pulls up slowly, they are soon out in the fresh air . The colliery ambulance is waitin a . The injured man lives six miles away. It is the night shift. Cannot let his people know. A man who knows where he lives accompanies them . Arrived at his home, tact is needed. It is impossible not the alarm the wife who, al\\"ays waitin"g the dread call, puts her head out of the window to answer the knock at the door. But it is broken gently . It might b much worse. Friends hurry in from near-hy houses. lIot water and towels appear. The doctor i sent for. II is com rades gently \\'ash him allover, replace grimy pit clothes with clean ones. "Gentle as a woman. But much more good at it than some women," says the grateful wif . The doctor has arrive!' Calls the man in charge to him and asks particulars as to what has heen don . Everything I Ie xamines thc case an 1 nods. that can be done has been clone. peak an encouraging \\ord to the man. "Kothing to be afriad of, will soon ha\'c you about again. But I think it \\ould be bdter for you to go to ho pital, the\' handle s many of these cases there. All moclern appliance. ;\Iore room there than in a crowded house." The ambulance man and ar driver are waiting in the street for the eloctor's deci ion. "Yes it won't be much out of the \V.l)'. \Ve \vill take him straigh t there ." A Cll P o{ tea for the patient. Farewell to a weeping wife and wondering children and they are speeding hospitaJwards through the dawn of another day. The nurse who answers the bell greets them with a bright smile. he is not surp~ised at the black dusty clothes of the men. "Our porter is out somewhere, can you manage?" I n a few min~tes the patient and stretcher are lifted out, ca~ned down the corridor with a clamp of heavy naded boots . Bedsi Ie reached, the stretcher is held level with bed, nurses s lide him off, parti~ulars of case are given, a hand-clasp and a cheertng word given to the man in the bed. "Good morning, Fred . Good morning, nurse." The heavy boots clamp down the corridor, the eyes from the bed follow them . The ambulance slides back pitwards. "Well, Charley, old Fred was lucky to escape with that much. " J

211

A I D.

"Yes, in away . I wonder who will be the next, perhaps he won't be so lucky ." The roads are filling with men that are making their way toward the colliery, ready for another day of hard, poorly-paid toil and, perhaps, some of them will not even be so lucky as old Fred was.

fetters

the

E;ditor.

We are in no way responsible for the opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondents. -

EDrTOR.

S.J.A.B. U TIFOR~I. SIR,-

The uniform and equipment of policeman, postman and soldier ha\"e all undergone examination and alteration during the past few years. The policeman's overcoat has been altered in pattern to allow greater comfort and greater protection from the weather: his helmet has been changed slightly in shape and considerably in weight. The postman's .-\.lbertian shako is shortly to be replaced by a cap of modern military pattern (although opinion, here, is divided on the SUbject) and, latest and most striking inno\'ationthe sen'ice uniform and accoutrements of the British Tommy are chang-ed out of all recognition. Is not the time ripe for some attention te> be paid to the uniform and kit of the Brigade? The tendency in these days of utilitarianism is to make for efficiency with comfort; the old standards of smartness and a " military" appearance are no longer considered so important. \Vellington's army s""eated and logged from one end of Spain to the other constricted in tight, swallow-tailed tunics, choked by heavy unyielding leather stocks, weighed down by pounds and pounds of Brown Bess and blankets. Perhaps the Peninsular campaign would ha\'e been of shorter duration had the troops been clad and equipped rationall). The present alteration in the soldiers' service kit and equipment \\'as one of the many results of our obsen'ations at the test concentration of the British ..l.rnw's First Division at Aldershot ifl 1930; and as one who wa; privileged to he selected to attend, I became interested in the matter of the relationship between comfort and efficiency. Let us consider the subject as it refers to the Brigade. The Brigade tunic, for rank and file, is suited quite well for its purpose. The medium high, but not stiff, cloth collar affords warmth and protection from cold winds, around the throat, "'hich is a good point \"hen one remembers how much standing about an ambulance man often has when on duty. It is not too uncomfortable for hot weather, because it is cut, in most cases, to hook in front belo\.\' the" Adam's Apple . " Contrast this on the one hand with the high collar of the military dress tunic or blue serge frock and with, on the other hand, the collar of the new sen'ice tunic with an open "step" collar" down to the level of the 2nd or 3rd rib in front. But would not black bone buttons be better than the present silvered ones? The cap is of an antiquated, skimpy cut, and would be more comfortable if it were cut wider, to sit more on to the head, and were provided with a larger, quare peak (as in the later pattern cap for St. John officers) to giYe protection from drizzle or strong sunlight. No alteration is needed in the equipment as laid down, nor in the prescribed method of wearing it. Necessity and accessibility are here combined with the maximum of po sible comfort. Is the black SaJII Brown belt really necessary for officers? vVould not comfort and economy be sen-ed if a

~12

FIRST

hlack cloth wai t bell were worn, omething like the cloth belt in the en'ice jacket of orlicer of thc R. A. F. ? urel,Y the Sam Bro" 'ne is retained by the Brigade chil'ny for e ntlmental or" quar -pushing'" reason. \\'e are not a mili tary body, anJ in allY ca e the Sam Browne for us cannot be ju tified, a ,,"e haye no sword, re,'ol\-er, map case, com pas , amunition, etc., to carry in il. Nor hm'e I eyer seen a 'il'aler botlle, lW'l'ersac, rolled mackintosh attadled-all use. for \\'hich the belt wa de igned by the founder and first . O. of the famou guide ca\'alry regiment \\'ho designed the belt and ga\'e it hi name. A small point, applying- to officer and men, i the cut of the trouser. A wider cut than is usual (certainly in the case of the rank and file) "'ould be an ad\'antage. On \\'et day duties, how often do \\'e see the poor pri\·ates, soaked trou er legs clinging to his shi\'ering limbs-and clinging the more closely and dankly because they are cut so 'I'e,]' tighs and narrow! And '''hy are the old style black leather gaiter abandoned? They are a godsend in muddy conditions. Doubtless other modifications of the present kit \\'ill occur to readers of this Journal. I shou ld especially like to hear what old and experi(;'nced hands ha\'e to sayan the matter. -Yours faithfully, "CO:lIFORT FIRST." FIRST AID CO~ I PETITIONS. DEAR SIR,I am glad to see from your January issue that the question of introducing something in the nature of standing orders for all judges in first aid competitions is suggested. This would be of distinct assistance to the judges as ,,'ell as the competitors, and it seems that a little light and leading on the order of examination of patient and the method of putting questions by the competitors to the judge would be ,,"eleomed not only by judges and competitors, but by those responsible for organising competitions. Yours faithfully, C. A. AULT, Ambulance Secretary, G. vV. R. Centre. COl\1PETITIO:\l MARKING SHEETS. DEAR SIR,:\low that the time for the 'ational Competitions is fast approaching, I beg to write you re the above. For some time it has been apparent to me that there must be some demand amongs the many competitors in the country for the issue of :\Iarking Sheets of the National Competitions. I know of very many persons \\'ho eagerly devour the various pages of your J ournal when a marking sheet appears on it, and whilst I realise the many difficulties wh ich you must o\'ercome if you were to publish a complete series of marking sheets of any particular competition, I think that something might be done by the promoters of the particular competitions in this direction. Take for example the Railway Final Competition. iany teams meet annually in an effort to gain the right of competing in this final; these teams go through their various competitions, and probably only casually see the team test as published in FIRST AID. I feel sure that many of thes~ competitors wou ld be only too pleased to be able to obtain a complete copy of the sheets so that their competition education may be thereby improved . I raised this question with 1\1r. D. G. Monteith, Competition Secretary, S . J . A. A., last year, and he seemed to favour the idea of an issue of the sheets; but, of course, there is the expense to be considered before any defin ite step could be taken . May I be allowed to appeal to all competitors who \-vould like this step to be taken to write you on the subject, 0r til l\T r. ;\lonteith ; it is on ly by this expression of opin ion

A I D.

Fe b rua rYI 193 3.

and desire that teps can be taken to meet the wishcs of \\'hat 1 think is a great majority of the competitors . If the shcets were dup licaled on a R oncll, etc., this w uu ld be a much cheapcr met hod than that llf printing, and jf so ld at 3el. to Gel. a set I think they would pa~ . I hope, Sir, that other \\'ill write you on this maller, and also that you may be able to take the matter up in good time thi year -Yours fa ithfully, ".\ ;\lRl·i .. \:,\CE SECREI.\H\, TIl' LL." [\\'e ha\'e been informed thaL judging sheets a u ed in the Police National and the Inter-Railway Competitions may in future be obt;lined from the Competition, ccretary, St. J ol1n Ambulancc Association, St. J ohll's Gate, Ckrkenwell, London, E.C.1, price 1 . each . . \pplications mu t be accompanied by a remittance, and no . heet \\'ill he for warded until AFTER til(' day of the competition.-EDIToR.1 C ...\J)ET OFFICERS. DEAR SIR,:'lIar I, through the medium of your columns, he allowcd to air my yiew in connection with the stnlus ()f adet Officers on public duty. To my mind a \L'ry unsatisfactl1ry 'tate of alTairs exists so far as these nlliccr arc concerned The Brigade regulations ad\ i 'e Cadet Oflicers not tll g-o on public duty except with their cadets, \\'hen the), are acting as me seng-er , but states, that in the e\'ent of them doing so, they must act under the instructions of the );.C.O. in charge. No\\' it seems unfair to me that a man, wearing' the uniform of an officer of the Brigade, should hl' ohliged to take instructions from a Corporal or a Serg-eant. .\fter a ll , a Cadet Officer must ha\'e the same l)U<1IilicatiL1ns as an Ambulance Officer or Superiniendent, and 1 \.::no\\ frolll several years' experience, that it takes an infinitely greater amount of patience and tact to instruct a class of bo\ s than a class of men. Of course, I know it is laid dowll in ~'(;'g ula tions that if the offIcer held sub tantial rank ill his di\ ision, he may retain his rank, but here again he is at a disad\·<lntage. If he is on duty with member of other di\'isinns, his authority may be questioned, and this sort of thin< caus(;'s ill feeling between the officer and the men, a.nd is neithn good for them nor the Brigade. I suggeslthat ",hcn a man attains the rank of Cadet Officer he should lx' gi\'(:n sunicient authority to enable him to \Year his uniform \\ ith dignity, or as an alternali\'e he should retain the uniform of the rank and file and be gi\-en a badge of c1istintion. Perhaps some of your reader may hm'e \'iews on this subject. Yours faithfully,

RECORDS \\T.\NTED. DEAR SIR,In January, 1928, a fire occurred at this ontce, resulting in the destruction of many of the old records of 10 . 4 D istrict, including the copies of the Chief Commi sioner's Annual Report (which, of course, contains the Annual R eport for No . 4 District) for the years 189 '~, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899 and 1903. I am trying to compile a history of I o. 4 District but am handicapped owing to my inability to obtain the informat ion ,;\'hich is containcd in the above mentioned .\nnual Reports. If any of your readers arc in possession of the Annual R eports referred to a nd are willing to loan them, or present them to the District, I should be glad if they would kindly commun icate with me.-Yours faithfully, 39, Fishergate, Preston, Lancashire.

]. H. CLEAL, District Secretary, No.4 (Lancashire) District.

When corresponding with ~dvertisers :nention FIRST AID." H

kindly

Febru ary , 1933.

FIRST

Our Nl1rses COMPILED

AMBULANCE

BL,\C'KIIE,\TII ~lJRSI~(, DI\'ISI(1N, .. J.i\.n. De~pite the inl1uenza epidemic, this did not prl'H'nt a goodly cOlllpanr of onicers and members of 1'\0, 51 (Blackheath) N ur<.;lng Di\'isiol1 from Il1cetin c" their friends at the Ill)lborn Restaurant on the occa. ion of ~hcir third annual dinner, \\'hich took place on J anuary 21st, 193.3. . " . O\\'in'" to the Uml\ oldable absence of the DI\ ISlonal Surgeon, Or. Scholelle1d, the chair \\'as t~ken hy a tricl;d of the Di\i<.;ion, :\ Ir . •\. B. Te\(~rsan, :\sslstant Scout Commisc,ioncr for Epping Forest District. The guests of the l'\ ening were :\ 1r. Dence, Chairman Desig-nate of the L. C. C., and :\ 1rs. Dence. Other fril'nJ.., prescnt \\ ere Dr. Stableforth, Ladr Dislrict OlTiccr :'I I rs. \l cCa ITn.'), :'IIiss Bcll (.\ssist:tnl :'lI atro;l of the London Fcver IIospital), ;\1 r. and :'II rs. Cottrell, and [\11''>. Rolwrts. In propo<.;ing- the toast of the g-Ul'st.s, Lady Di\. Sur~l. \ 1is E. Rus ell IIallett, ~pnke of theIr good fortune In ha\ inc" \\'ith thcm g'uest'-> \\'ho \\'l' re also friends of the [)i\-is~l1 and who took a keen intl're~t ill it aLtivilies. Each in his or hl'r \\';\\' \\'as helpin~ in the g-reat cause of hyg-iene, and the can' of :)ur Ie ... s f,lrlunate hrothl'rs and sbters. \ 1r. Dencl', in repl\ ing, n'markcd I.)n th-:- splendid \\ork of thl' Brigade as a \\'Iwll" the sacrificc or~ tlw part of the pl'rSl)nlll'1 and the need for 1l1l)r\.! memhers 111 London.. I~c remintkd lhlbe prescnt of what a wonderful pIal'\,! our city. IS, :\I!<.I in'lpired them tl.l g·rcatl..'r scn iel' by an apt quotation frl.)!11 ~h,lkcspl're Our LI.)ndl)n Our England." \ 1r. Llltprill, also rl..' pl) ing fM the \-isi[0r,;, remarked lIpl.ln :'IIiss Rus'>ell IJalktt's t'L'sl.)urc:'fulncss in.a ... king him to lill thai position. JlL' felt, hc "',lId, thal hiS \\,;h not to rl..',l,,(ln \\ 11\, hut tll do or die. ;\lis ... C. E,>~c:\.. :\ursin!..!' Ollil('r, then prop,)<.;cd thc toa."t of the surgeon, Dr. eholefil'ld, the President, :\lrs. Scholelield III ntioning the gn~at help that hoth \\erc l~ t~le Di\ i..,ion to \liss lfe, the vice-President, and to the Chatrman, :'Ill'. Te\'er<.;an, thanking- him for hi . kindness in consenting to take thc chair thal e\·ening. ..\1r. Tc\ersan replicd, l)utlining the history of the Bri(Tadc from its infann and its growth in strength and wo;J" Finally, he spoke ,lpprcciati\'cl) of the wOI-k of ~o. 51 ~ursing Oi\'i ion, and urged it-; memhers to "carryon" \\'ith the gl)od \\'ork already begun. . :\l iss Russell Hallett \\ ,\S thcn prescnted b) ,\1155 Goulding with a !)l1lall gift, on hehalf of the membcrs of the Di\'ision, in recognition of her work among them . . The re~l of the eyening was spent in dancing, and tIllS allowed members and friends alike the opportunity of renewiq~' old acquaintanc~s. .\ \'Cry I~appy e\'el;i,n g \\'a;. bro~Rht to a close all too qUlcldy by the slnglllg of The h.lI1g. \I

EAST HAM T(.'RSING DIYISION, .J .. \ . B. His 1\lajesty the King has been pleased to appro\'e the appoin.tl~l~nt of Lad\, Ambulance Officer l\lrs. l\£. . Read of thIS DI\'lslon as a S~rvinR Sister of the Order of S1. John. All rank in Eastern Ar ea, TO. 1 District, will join in congTatulations to 1\1rs. Read on her well deserved honour, and in \\'ishil1~' her many years in which to enjoy it. Mrs. R ead was one of the original members of o. 8 (East Ham) 1 ursing Division, anel joined the Brigade in 1899 havin o- taken both her certificates that year. he was 'l:'I appointed Lady Ambulance 0 ffi cer .111 1\1. arc I1, 1916 , was awarded t he Service Medal in 191-+, and w tll shortly he rece iving her th ird Rar. S he has '1hv:1.)'s taken a \'en' acti\'e

2 13

A I D.

Pages. SISTER.

part in the \\ ork of the Di\"ision, and has earned the arrect ion and respect of all associa[cd \\'ith her.

V .. \ . D. I:-:SPECTIO;\,. On the afternoon of SaturJay, January 21st, members of V.A. D. London 120, V .. \.l>. London 29::;, and V. A. D. London 346, assembled at the .\ldersgaLc \\'ard Schools, E.C., tor their annua~ \\'a.r Oft~ce J nspection. They were drawn up undel: theIr r(;'spectl.\'e Commandants, ~Iiss Goodwin, :'III'S. \\ alton and :'I [ ISS Robinson. The Inspecting OOicer was \Iajor H3.re, and he \\'as accompanied by :\lajor Banks, County Controller, County of London and Robinia, Viscountess :'IIountgarret, O. B. E., County' Controller for :'IIiddlesex. Lady I?istrict O~cer :\l i5s ..\. ~L "Talker al 0 attended, representlI1g Dr. h .. F . Lund, ,\ssistant Commissioner in charf;e of Central Area, ~ o. 1 Di trict, S.]. A. B. ~lajor Hare inspected the parade, and then requested that practical demonstration. hould .be gi\'e? of t!1e first aid treatment in ca es of speCIfied aCCIdents (ll1cludlng the application of a Thomas spl!nt for a fr~ctured femu.r), and of the nursing of certall1 cases of Illness. He 1l1spected all the work, and ga\'e each member present an oral test as well. .\t the close, ~lajor Hare addressed the parade, and congratulateu the members on their excellen.t \\'ork,. and on the intelli~ent an \yers they had gi\'en to hIS questIOns. He wished to congratulatc especially \T.A. D. London 346, which had so recently been formed, and whose members \\'ere undergoing their first inspection. They had done remarkably well. ~Iajor- Banks also addressed the assembly, endorsing the remark of :\lajor Hare. He said he ~'oulel like to remind them all that there ,\'as a group of V .. \ .D.'s called " \ Iobile ".Iembers." IIOREDITCII l\CRSI:-.:G DI\'Jsro:-.:, S .J .A. B.-A dance in aid of Di\'i ional funds \\'£1 held at horeditch TO\\'n Hall on ThL:rsda\' Februan' 9th. It was \\'ell supported by members a~d friends," including officer and member of neighbouring Di\'isions, and the 11nancial result was 1110St gratifying. . . The Diyision \\'as honoured on thl occasIOn by the presence of the Assistant Commi sioner in charge of Central Area. Dr. K. F. Lund, and :'Iii s Lund, and District Officer T. l\IcBride. Lett rs of regret at inability to be present owing to Bricrade work were received from the .~s istant Surgeon-inChi~f, Dr. ~. Corbet Fletcher, and Lady District Officer i\liss \Valker. ;\1 usic was pro\'ided by the band of "G" Di\'i ion :\Ietropolitan Police Athletic and Social Club, and during the inten'al riss Joan Carter and illr. E . Pottinger entertained the company with dancing and handbell ringing respecti\'ely. Supt. \\'. A. Roust very kindly acted a 1\1.c. The Diyision has recently received a miniature trophy in the form of a silver cup, th~ gift of 1\1r. E. C. Brookes, of Hackney, to be competed for annually by the members, the tests to be in First ,\ id, Home Tursing and correctnes of uniform. The first Di\'isional competition will take place shortly, the .\ ssistant Commissioner, Dr. K. P. Lund, \'ery kindly C\)nsenting to act as judge for the pract icnl \\'ork,

214

FIRST

EAu:\'G NURSING DIVISION, S.J . . \. B.-Friends of the Di\'i ion turned up in a laro-e number at the dance held on aturday, January 21st, at ~the Vestry Hall, Ealing, in aid of Divisional funds. They were welcomed by the Lady Di\'isional Supt. Mi Baxter. . l\Ir. \V. Hales kindly acted a~ l\l.C., and mUSiC was supplied by ~lr. Potter and his Paramount Dance Band. The catering was in the hands of Messrs. Eden. The Di\'ision \vi!l hold another dance at Ve try Hall on Saturday, l\larch 4th, the proceeds of ,,,hich will also go to Diyisional funds.

BARROW URSING Dn'ISION, S.J.A.B.-The Annual General Meeting was held at Divisional Headquart.ers, Christ Church, Abbey Road, on \ Vednesd.a y evenI~g, January 18th, Lady Di\·. Supt. 1rs. 1. J . Craig occuppng the chair. Followino- the reading of the minutes of the previous meetino- and b the adoption of the accounts of the Nursing DiYisio~ and the Cadet Section, 1\1rs. Craig reviewed the work of the past year. She said that she noticed the year's income did not quite balance the expenditure for the same period. She thougl?t that the Division did not receive the support trom the publtc that it should. They were entirely dependent on members' contributions and donations from outside the Division in order to carry on their work. She hoped that in future the public \youll give more generously to an organisation from which they derived so much benefit. :'IIrs. Craio- went On to say how proud she was that Lady Ambulance Officer ;\liss E. E. Kimberley, the Divisional Secretary, had been summoned to St. John's Gate, London, to be im'ested as a Serving Sister of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem. This was a great honour and one that was well descrved. Lady Ambulance Officer 1\1 iss Danson had received the Service 1edal for 15 years' efficient :ervice in the Brigade. They had now 9 ~nembers in possession of this medal and five held the bar to the medal also, thus proving that they had served the Brigade faithfully for 20 years. In ~1932 th~ Division was successful in winning the "Prior Allen" challenge trophy for the second year in succession, and the chairman hoped that they would continue to \\·in it each year. The V.A. D. Inspection held at Preston had been well attended by members of the Division. On that occasion the Inspecting Officer had been Major C. L. Franklin, M . C., R.A.M.C:, and he had been accompanied by Col. Orton, A.D.l\1.S. Public duties had been performed at various functions, and members had taken duty at Biggar Bank on all public holidays. Many cases had been treated on these occasions, and also by members privately. With regard to the Cadet Section, Irs. Craig said that she was glad to report that it was making good progress. The financial position was satisfactory, and the members gave considerable help to the Nursing Division on public duty. There were about 40 cadets on the roll, w~ich .tact spoke well for the interest the Cadet Officers mamtamed amongst the girls. In conclusion, Mrs. Craig said that she would be pleased to welcome new members, any lady in possession of a first aid and a home nursing certificate who would like to take up the work being asked to attend at the Divisional Headquarters. The cadet section would also be glad to receive applications for admission to membership from girls of 11 years old and over. FOLKESTONE NURSING DIVISION, S.J.A.B. - T he annual general meeting of this Division took place at the St. J ohn Ambulance Hall on Thursday evening, January 26th. Lady

A I D.

Februa ry , 1933.

Di\'. Supt. l\ l i s E. G. Cra"wford presided, ~nd was support:d by the Div. Secretary, l\[ rs. H . D. l\[oncneiT, and the Dl\,. Treasu rer, Lady Ambulance Officer l\liss L. Curzan-Smith. The Div. urgeon, Dr. F. R. Fletcher, was also pres~nt. Presentino- the annual report, the Secretary said that the work of th~ Division had been carried on as eHiciently as possible during 1932. The members individually had made more attendances at drill than in 1931, and also at public dutie of which there had been 20 in all. The number of cases treated during th year had been 36, which ",,'as the same number as in 1931. Therc had also been three nio-ht duties and one transport casco The number of :-:. in on homc nursing cases "w as 536 :!1 an d t 1le \ .. hours put ISlts numbered 37+. In connection with the latt r, the ecretary said that she was sure that reports of all the cases were not handed in, and she hoped that during the present year cvery member would give a report of each case. The total str ng-th of the Division at the bcginnin~ of 1932 was 28. During the year one memb r resigned and one wa transferred to them from another di, i ion, leaving the number the same at December 31st. They had to congratulate themseh'es on being f?r.t~natc enough to secure the services of Dr. Fletcher as ~I\,I IOnal Surgeon. His keen interest in the work and hiS lectures were truly appreciated. The annual re-examinations ,,,ere held on April4th 1932, and in December, ",hen everyone present \\'a !:>uccessful. A flag day was held in August, and membcr!:> who assisted on that day worked very hard. On September 14th a garden fete was held in the Priory Gardens, but it \\'as not as successful as it might have been because therc ,,'ere several other enterttlinmcnts on the same day. Miss Curzon-Smith reccived her first bar to thc sen icc medal for 20 years' efficient sen'ice, during the) car, and she (the Secretary) received her appointment as Di\'isonal Secretary. In conclusion, the Secretary thanked th 111 all for tl1{' loyal support "'hich had been given. throughout thc ~ ~ar. The Treasurer reported a credIt balance of £,'38 ')S. 2d. of which, however, there was ab0ut £15 earmarked for ncw uniforms. The largest items of expenditure had been for decorating- and furnishing the ursing Di\'ision n)om at Headquartes, £+3 14s. 9d.; building fund, ,.£30 iSs. ,d.; and rent for local headquarters £18 4s. Od. -Irs. Haddaway reported that th ocial Committee had in hand a balance of £17 16s. 11 ~d. \\'ith reference to Divisional competitions, it was proposed that the Competition Committee be in tructed t~) fi-.; a date for the event. The Chairman said they had decided to £orl11 a cadet division, and Miss Jennings had kindly consented to act as Cadet Officer, but they could not start the division until they had more cadets. She was organising the usual bridge tournament, and this year she would devote the proceeds to the funds of a cadet division. A vote of thanks to Dr. Fletcher for his service during the year was proposed by 1iss Davis and carried unani. mously.

February, 1933.

FIR S T

l iss Bagshaw (leader) and l\Iiss IIomc Swann. Individual.-l\ I iss, G. Stevenson. S.J .• \.A. classes are now being ~iv~n at til? S~~lInford road Junior School, this course follOWing onc 111 l'll'st Aid which ""as cl.1111pletcd in December last. There sho.uld, thereforc, be a number of first-aiders in that town ~luallfi~d to join the ranks of the womcn members of the Brigade III the near futur . . The results of the examination held 111 ~ecel11ber \\ hieh followcd thc classes in First Aid have Just been recei\·ed. Of 1I1e twenty that sat for the test, sc\'enteen pas ' ce.!. RE.\ 1)1:\'(; X L'RSI:\l; DJ\ I~10:\', '. J .. \. B. - The 111('111 bel'S of this Di\ ision entertained 35 girl cadcts to . tea at U:c Railway I nstitutc this month. G~I1lC werc 1.\1d~lged 111 until 7.30 p.l11 .. when parents and ~f1ends we:c InVited to a cOllcert. Th arti!:>tes were the 011sses J. \\ heeler .an~ ]. 'mith (ballet dancer), ~1 iss :'II. Kcnnedy (~locUtIOI1ISt), .\Irs, Ureak..,peare, 'drs. IIiYes and :\lrs. Jardln~ (\\'ho all gaye songs), :\lrs. :\Iakey (pianist), and 01r, Sulll\'an's Jazz Band. . During thc e\ cnil1g, the chairman (\)I'P'" Supl. J. \\' inlerhnurne) g,l\C a brief addr ss 011 thc work of the cadets and L'omplill1cltled :\1 iss Tilling- 011 the way she had lrainl'd tlwse under h~'r care. " Sergl. H. F. Skid1l10rl' ga\'l' an aClX)Unt l)t the progress of the building- fund, and <l}:pe.aled tl) th~ members 110t to be satio.;["ied ulHil Lhey hat! a buIldIng- of theIr 0\\'11. .\ \ ute of thanks' " 'as a~corded the artistes and tho e \\·ho had hclped to make the L'\'cnil1g a succes!:>. . I~ach cadet was hilnded a prc'>cnt befor\.! lea\'Jng.

UNIFDRMS DIRECT FROM OUR FACTORY

•

Perfect Fit, Q ualIty and Materi a ls, C orrect Details,

•

We hav~ Iud 50 years experience in the making of Uniforms .

•

W RITE FOR DESIGNS, SAMP LES and PRI C ES

Items (Di' isional news and competition., social, intelesting duties, lectures, etc,), for this page should be sent Lo Ambulance Sister, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon St., London, E.C.4. TELEPHONE - ~rUSEU~r 2703.

ADAM, ROUILLY & (3 minu tes fr olll ~raples).

Binding Copies of "F. A. " KEEP your Copies of FIR'1' Am clean and tidyhave them bound. Send your copies [or the last Volume (J uly, 1931, to June, 1932) and we will return same bound in an attractive case of leather cloth, with the title of the publication in gold letters on the front and side and the eight pointed cross on front, for 6s. , post free .

Complete Volumes can be supplied at 9s., post free . Binding Cases only, 2s. 9d. post free .

KETTERING URSING DI\'ISION, S.lA,B. - The annual social was held on Saturday, January Hth, at the Divisional Headquarters. There were about 120 people present, County Officer C. W. Curtis kindly acted as i\I. C. The evening was spent in games and dancing', the music for the latter being supplied by the Oriental Dance Band. Refreshments were served by the Committee under the s u perintendence of the Secretary, Miss Bag-shaw. During the evening the three cups won last year were preeented by Councillor H. J. Potter, J. P. The winners were : First Aid. - Team cons isting of Mrs. Yeomans (leader), Mrs. Woodhams, Miss Clarke and Miss White.

215

AI D .

Orders should be sent to

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO ., LTD . , 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E .C.4. H

f\RWORTH COLLIERY AMBULANCE CLAS . Third Annual Com petition for the "T. C. Barber» Memorial Shield (valued 75 gns.) will be held on 29th April, 1933, in the Harworth Colliery Institute, Bircotes, C0111mencing at 2 p.m. Prizes to the value of £15 are offered, and separate individ ual competition is to be he ld . Part iculars and schedules may be obtained from l\lr. S. G. Lee, H a r worth Colliery, D oncaster.

co.,

Hum a n Oste ol ogy, Anat o m y, etc.,

18, Fitzroy St., Tottenham Court Rd., London, W.1. Human Articula[ed & Disarticulated keletons & Skulls. Half-Skeletons, Pekes & Fretal Skulls. Upper & Lower Extremities, Feet, Hands & Loose Bones of erer), description. Ana tomicalllIodcls & \\'all Chatts,etc. Bandage Figures & Limbs.

Lar gest Selection in Europe . l uspcctio n Cordi all y Ia\ it td. PRI CE LISTS FREE ON APP LI CATION .

ALLMAN'S

POCKET ANATOMICAL ATLAS Size 6" x 3~" (P lates 7" x 6"). Illu s trated by Twe lve Coloured Plates from Original Drawings. Contai ns an a natomical descri p tion of the pla tes and the arrangem ents and physiological func tions of the H u ma n Body, arranged in manikin form. A val uable A tlas for Fir!'>t Aid Student~.

Price 1 / -

(post free).

Supplied by

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon Street, London, E.C.4.

FIRST

.216

in turn was O\'ercome with giddiness and fell in a hear on the floor. Some time later he came to his senses and apl reciated the need for action, ipce no one else was in the hou e. vVith great difficulty he staggered to his teet, unlocked the bathroom door, and managed to drag his wife up the t\'"O flights of stairs to the bedroom. He then realised that his \"ife and he had started downstairs at .25 p.m. and only returned at 9.55 p.m. Later, the gey er was found to be leaking and condemned by those in authority.

Queries and ;\nswers to eorrespondents. Queries will be dealt with under the following rules :[. - Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E . C. 4. 2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cu t from the current issue ot the J numal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue. 3.-The TeKtbook, to which refelence may be made in this column is the 38th tI928) Edition of S.J.A. A. Manual of First Aid.

Febru ary , 1933.

A I D.

l\ [any thanks for report. It was, as you coml11ent, fortunate that your friends turned off the gas on entering the bathroom. Other",ise it is clear (hat they would hm'e been (lsphyxiated. N. C. F. .

February,

FIR S T

1933.

ESTA BLISHED

C\TECIIIS:\[ OF HO:\IE ]'.;CRSI~G. .\.~.C

(St. John's Gate).-"\\'ith reference to your reply under the abo\'e heading on page 190 of the January, 1933, issue of FIRST AID, I am inclined to think that the person \\-ho has blundered is the author of the query. 1 ha\-e looked at page 21 of the current edition of .~ 1 la/cellislIl of HOJII E' ."uning'. The words which he quotes certainly appear on page 21 of the jn" linus edition; but, a it is out of dat there seem no point in raising the query.

\\'e are grateful to the Chief Secretary for his kind letter and thank him for soh·ing the problem set by our correspondent. - ~. CORBET FLETCHER.

EXA:\I!:\.\TION

Hm\"l.ER.

G_H.S. (~liddlestown).-Although "I\.C.F." seems to COlllmand an inexhaustible supply of Examination Howlers for his column in FIRST AID, I am \'enturing to send the following which occurred this week in a class ""hich I was examining: and I wonder if he ,,-ill consider tbis one good enough for his series. I had asked one of the candidates the organs ",hich might be injured by Fractured Ribs. He enumerated the \'arious organs, but omitted to mention the li\-er. In order to stimulate his memory, I asked him what he might ha\'e with bacon for his breakfast. :\Iuch to e\'en'body's amusement, he answered: "Indigestion." R'athe~ neat, I think! Good!

Next, please! !-l .c. F.

D.\:-':GERS OF GA . ~L

B. (Cambridge). - The interesting report published in the Query Column of the January issue of FIRST AID under the title Dallg-e1's of Smelling' Salls prompts me to write to tell you of an experience what recently befell some friends of JIline. One e\'ening during the Influenza Epidemic the "vife complained of feeling- ill and was advised by her husband to have a mustard bath. So the latter ran downstairs and set the geyser going. Twenty minutes later both proceeded to the bathroom and fortunately turned off the gas without any delay. Then the wife, haying stood in the water for a few seconds only, said that she felt worse and asked tor assistance to get out of the bath. The husband at once looked at the windo\\' and remeIll bered that he had forgotten to open it, as he should haye done. ,\.t this momenl the wife was violently sick; and the husband, proceeding to her help,

Good!

Next, please! !-

'.c. F.

MEDICAL PUBLISHERS AND BOOKSELLERS.

WOODALL NICHOLSON LTD.

Large Stock of Books on FIRST AID, NURSING, and all Branches of Medicine and Allied Sciences.

(APPo.INTE D ROLLS RO YCE AGENT S)

Text Books and all the latest w orks obtainable w ithout delay.

AMBULANCE BUILDERS

J.~.

ANATOMICAL MODELS, DIAGRAMS and WALL CHARTS suitable for Lecture s .

RE,C O N DITIO NE D SECO N D, HA N D R 0 L L S ' ROY C E, AU STIN S, ARMS T RONG , SID DE L E Y Sand DA 1M L E R CHASS IS ALWAY S IN STOCK

LANTERN SLIDES. WARWICK & TUNSTALL S FIRST AID SERIES (in Stock). Particulars of th e abo ve or of COLLIE & WIGHTMAN 'S SERl ES forw arded on application.

HORTON STREET HALIFAX

TREAnlENT or CO;'IPOUND FRACTURE OF FDll'R. (Preston).-Owing to a difrerence of opinion among' till' members of our Diyision \n~ hould welcome your opinion with reference to the treatment of ol1lpt;und Fracture of Femur (bone protruding) a. to (a) whetlwr the limb should be supported in it~ flexed position t1/1 pillo\\', &c., and thus -remoYed to hospital or (h) whether it should be straightened, without being e:-.tendeti, and splints applied as in Figure ~O (Textbook p. 74).

l\l uch depends on the actual position in which the broken limb is found. Probably your flr tuggestion is the beller one because iL is most difficult for a broken limb to be straightened without being extended." In any case you must concentrate on Rule 3 (Textbook p. 56) which reads " steady and support the injured limb so that its further movement on the part either of the patient or the bystanders is prevented." To this end, it will be useful to bend the unbroken lower lim b into the same position (where possible) as the broken, to use splints and bandages to keer the fractured bone at rest, and then to bind limb to limh. - ~.C.F. II

' PHONES

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

217

rH. K. LEWIS " CO. Ltd.,

1876

JInIOl'RS OF FIRST .\11). .\.H. (Catford).-.\n apprentice approached a UrigadL' member and asked if the heart was the shape ",ho\"n on playing card and if i( also had an arrow through its centre. The Brigade man in reply opened his Textbook and pointed to the diagram, \\'hereupon the appr('nticl' remarked: ".·11z.l So d is.l.' .Y07(l, 7U/Wt '-S llie sOlfl hke.'.J" This cOIl\'ersation aC~lIall) took place at my plael' of business; and I thought that it wa.., good L'llollgh for FIRST Am.

A I D.

LONDON:

H. K. LEWIS & Co. Ltd., 136, COWER ST., W.C.l.

4231,z

Telephone-MusEuM 7756 (3 lines).

(c a ~ta ~S llllllllllllllllllllllllil11111 I INVALID

Whatever the Chassis use Carters' Ambulance Fittings.

FUR-NITURE

Sectional Catalogue 7A , wh ich is free for th e a5k· ing, descri bes this Patent Stretch er El evatIng G ear, wh ich is a triumph in com pactn ess and sci entJi1c design,and th e whole ra nge of A mbulance ,furnit ure and Fittings. W R ITE FOR I T.

By Appointment.

The mos t up - t O- date and scientific_in the w orld .

THE NEW "PORTLAND" GEAR j\BDO;\IINAL \VOUNn A ' D FRACTURED FE;\IL- I~.

(Pat, No 3 8°963).

D. R. (Norwich).-Recenlly in an Individual Test the case given was a man who was supposed to be suffering from Transverse vVound of Abdomen (bowel rrotruding) and Simple FracLure of Left Femur (middle of shaft). The case was handled differently by 3 individuals, each of whom gave precedence to the wound (which was treated more or less in accordance with the Textbook) but differed as to the position of the lower limbs in the following ways : No.1 raised and suprorted the left limb Lo relax the abdominal muscles, and treated the fracture with an outside splint extending from foot to pelvis and an in side splint from foot to cr uch, whereby the fract u red I imb was kept Oat on the ground . No . 2 applied an outside srlint from foot to pelvis,

This new pa t en t Amb II I ance Gear offers many . llnlgu.e advantages whether the Ambulance is carrying two. stretcher cases or only a single case. A self-c~ntalned unit, it can be p l aced in a l most any veh Icle, and i t makes the l oadinO' of e ither !~p o~, bottom the simp l est possible ma~ter. I he PORTLAND" Gear should be specified

125, 127, 129, Great Portland Street, London, W.I. Teleph~ne-Langham 1040

Telegrams-liB th h ._ w ' a

call,

esdo London "

for an y new A m bu la n ce and i t pro vid es a n idea l met h od of mod e rni s in g veh icles a l read y in u se .

Th '

'11

IS 1

h I

. h u5 trat lOn sows the clear gangway for lo ading

IUl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l lil l l 1i1I Iil l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l liliI I I I I I I I III ;I I ~I I ~I;I~I;I I;I;;I;I;~~I;I;I !JI~;~II~~;ml~~I~II~~;;II;I;II~;I;I~I~II~~;;I;I;I~illllllllll

FIR S T

218

and then cle\"ated amI upportcd both lower limb - to relax the abdominal muscles. ~ o. 3 applied splint and bandage. in the ame w ay a ~ o. 2, but kcpt the lo\yer limb on the ground, not ele"ating them on account of the fractured thigh. _-1.fter\\'ards wc could not entirely agree as to which wa the more correct di po 'al of the I i111 b, and "'c decided to submit the point for your ruling. In view of the facts (a) that the great object of first aid is "pre"ention of aggra"ation of injury or condition," and (b) that ,,"ith thi combination of injurie shock would be severe, border on colJap e, and be accompan ied by mark d muscular relaxation, whereby the ris k of trang-ulation of the bowel would be much les , I do not approye any of your suggestion" 011 the contrary, I co nsider that you hould ha\'e dressed the abdominal ,yound and then tr ated the Fractured Femur in the u ual \\'ay, taking care, howe,'er, to a"oid pressure on the wound in the placing of the bandages.--:\ .C.F. OIL OF \ 'JrR IOL !N EYE. D.F. (Hode\').-The T extbook under treatment for O il L)f Y itriol 'in Eye (p . 136) tdls us that, after gi\"ing the special treatment, we should then treat as for Foreig-n Bod\' in En:'. Does thi mean that " 'e must aften,'ard . plac~ oli\"~ or castor oil the eye:J Surely this would ' poil the special treatment. Please advise. The Textbook surely means what it state. The strong acid, after efficient neutralisation by bicarbonate solu tion, will 110 longcr be acti"e; but the eye, as the result of the acid, will be ,"cry inJ1amed and painful, and will requ ire the sedati\"e treatment sug-gested in the Textbook.-1\. C. F. DEATII FRO:--! TOR~ FDlORAL _-1.RTERY . E.K. (Clerkenwell).-_-\ young man and woman were driyingdown a co untry lane on a dark night when their car crashed into a fallen tree. The man helped the woman to the side of the road and then went back to the ,,-recked car. Some minutes later help arrived; and the young man \\'a found lying dead in the roadway as the result of a torn femoral artery. Please tell Ire whether or no the young woman cou ld ha"e donc anything to avert this catastrophe, if she had possessed a knowledge of first aid. The dark night, the country lane, the mental shock of the sudden and serious accident, and the physical shock Call , sequent on the injuries recei"ed, present as critical a combination of circumstances as it is possible for us to imaginc. D eath is said to take place within three min utes from a torn femoral artery if the bleeding is not controlled . Consequently I doubt if anyone cou ld have rendered efficient ass istance to the unfortunate patient '.vhose only hope lay in prompt recognition of his inju ry and in equally prompt action by himself. I know two patients who escaped death after this same injury; but in ('ach case the patient realised the danger and applied immediate digital pressure before call ing for help from those around him.-N.C.F. FRACTURED CLAYICLE AND DISLOCATED ELBO\\'. F.S. (l\Ioulton). - On p. 125 of the ovember 1932 issue of FIRST AID an individual test is detailed and sets out the treatment of a cyclist who s ustained Simple Fract ure of Clavicle and Dislocation of Elbo\-,' (both injuries on same side) . Please tell me what is meant by " bandage 1'olmd a1'1n above elbow." I take this to mean a bandage passed round the body to steady the a rm . Also, the test reads "apply armsling." Pl ease tell me which sling

February, 1933.

A I D.

s hould be u sed. To llle the St. J Ohll sling- ca nnot be u sed b€'cause of th e angu lar splint and the large (or s111all ) arm s ling would press on the broken coll arbone. You r s u gg~ tion with refere ncc to "bandage round arm" seems to bc correct accordi ng to the detailed sheet, the author of whicb, how en:r, forgets that the inn e r ide of thc elbow is " the side s howin g 111 0 t injury." For this reason I should ha"e pref rred 0l11e padding uniforml) spread between limb and trunk. Y our tatement that the St. John sling call 110t be used " becau c of the angu lar plint" is 110t co rrcct. 111 point of fact yo u must u e it. Y ou ,,·ill ho,\"eyer han~ to modify its trough to take the splint ; and you will a lso ha\'e to k e p the forearm as low as possible, owing to the injur d elbow .-:\. C.F.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

Regulation- Right! Quality- Right! Price-Right All Uniforms cut to Customer's own measurements

NURSES

COATS,

SPECIALITY.

MANU ALS OF FIRST-AID, &C., By I. CORBBI PLBICBER, AIDa

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

co.,

24, Commerolal St., BRIGHOUSE, TBLBPHnNB

YORKS.

No. :z8z.

QUERY.

" I 'TERESTED II ,Stourbrid ge) desire - to kno\\' fr()1l1 what source (if any) com pen ation might be kg-al ly claimed in respect of an accident to a fir t aider, ,\ hile acting- as a "oluntar\" order!\" in co nnection with a molor-ambulance, run- by the 'Hollle Sen'ice ' Committee (administered by a 10calub,ct)I11l11ittee) not 11L'lollgill~ t~) hi~ Di,isiol1, the aCl'idclll incapaci tat ing" the tir"t aider ill hi - c\'eryday occupation. , Interesteu" has put in it gLwd mall} l"l)mplil"ati~)lls \\"hirh do not affect the La\\·. II a l11all i injured b~ the negligent act or default of another, prima facie, lhat other will be liable to him in uamages. on iderations ')uch as those relating to mastcr and enant mig-hL ari_l' if, tor example, the negligent dri\'er "'as a chrtulrellr dri, ing" hi · master to " 'orlc Thc rules would bc the sal11e as in an) other claim for compcnsation. One point must not be pa ' d 0' er lightly. There is a maxim at Law T'ulellfL" 1101 jil injuria (this I11ean . that if the injury was su tained willing-Iy, or the risk of it WCl undertaken willingly, the injurcu rart: will not ~et a kg-a I injury). The e"idcncc will turn upon the facts hefore I he accidenl. Please make careful note that the pro, isions referred lo abo\'e will not in any \yay arrect lhe ordinar) rule ' about accidents, ..."hich 1 ha,'e not space to deal with here. - E. ~L\lTL\NU \\'OOLF.

---.

-- . - - - -

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT,

AIDa

Third EdltloD.

Price, 3 /6; post tree, 4/~ . ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION , St. John 's Gate, LONDON, E.C.I.

Uniforms & Equipment. IEIT AID CHEAPEIT HOUlE .1 THE TRADE.

Latest Pattern Ambulance Uniforms a Speciality.

EFFIOIENOY

ANSWE RS NURSli\G.

IlO~lE

13y F. G. JI arwood. Price ad. net. Questions and .\nswers provide a useful method in the acquisition of knowledge; and for this reason "'c welcome the Second Edition of Mr. Harwood's u sefu l lillIe book. This has been revised in accordance with the Fourth Edition of the S.J . .-\. A. Nursin~ Textbook, which was published last year. The bulk of its forty pages are d evoted to a co ncise and acc urate sur vey of the s ubj ect matter of th e oIllcia l m a nual; and the book is complete with a very serviceable index. Space is also found for some h elpful hint on practical work a nd on the method of exam in ation required by the Assoc iat ion togethcr with the total marks necessary for cert ii1cale an d pendanl. In shert, the book co mm end s itself to us as an ideal companion to th e T ex tb ook, though to us the photograph at the en d seems empha ti ca lly out of place. Copies can be obtained direct from the a uth or, whose address is Audit Accountant's Office, L9ndon Bridge Station, S. E.1.

FIRaT-AID.

Post free, II. ad.

Problems la Stud" lreatmeat lad HumlaltiOI lolncl fer 101l10r Itadelllt8 II Wi/hONt dDNDt tlu oook will D' 0) g",,,t IInJie. i" tlu trai"i"g o/tltolllo" whom it iStUlig",tl."-BRITISH MEDICAL JOCRNAL.

COMMON

ERRORS

FIRST-AID.

••• net: post :ad.

Brrors la Plrat·Ald Dotalled aad Hlplailled, , 1 /tis Dook girJlI a el,,,,,.,, ,,,sight i"to tlu m.tlr.ods ""d di/fic"ltill "J '''''''g."c1l t",,,t,,.,,,t by lay",." tlta" tlu otJicial T'~tbook itul/. "-LANCET.

COMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcher, Individual and QuestloD-Six Folders). Price 6d. each net post 1;4 Ea~h Folder contains special article on Competitions: -No. I, Tralnl~g of Com. petition Teams; No.2, Conduct of Team in Competition Room; NO.3, CommoD Errors In Competition; NO.4, Further Errors ID Treatment; NO.5 , History 0 Competition Tests; No.6, Preparation of Tests.

WHY

AND

WHEREFORE:

Fifth Edition.

FIRaT-AID.

Price II. :ad., post free.

Ilrou,. "-FntST AlD.

HINTa

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLIEa.

Post fr~e, lid.

Orderl, Datles IlmplUled aa ~ Tabalated, wltb AIds to .emory, A mOlt comp"et Droclttlr, . . co"t"i,,1 mwch NtI./IIl i"lo,....atio" . It-PRESCRIBBR FIRIIT AID. Illustrated by So diagrams ID Colonrs with Explanatory Letterpress. By Sir JAMES CANTLIE, K.B .E., LL.D., M.A., M.B. C.M., F.R .C.S. , D.P.H .R.C.P. 7!d. net; post free.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES. Mounted on Canvas, Roller top and bottom. 25s . net each . Post, IS. I. Human Skeleton, front view. 2. Muscles, front view. 3. HumaD SkeletoD back view 4. Muscles, back view. s. The Heart and principal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen 8. Viscera of the Chest aud AbdomeD (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest and (B). Abdomen (D). 10. The Nervous System. II. Schematic diagram of Circulation. 12 . The Hum.a n Ear. J3 . The HumaD Eye. J.4. Median Section through Skin J5. Median Section tbrou2h Head.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. Male, 8011. net.

Female , 808. net.

\ Vith Foetus, 858. net.

Carriage 21!.

book that is selling by the hUndred.

Their Signs, Symptoms and "First Aid" Treatment. An Ideal Memorizer Quick Referen ce. By A. T. GOODING . With Preface by WILLIAM Lon.: L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN NTCOLSOI', 1\1.A., M.n., Ch.B.Glas. II. ::ad. net post free.

UNIFORM CLOTHING &. EQUIPMENT, CO., Ltd,

By J. M. CA~VBLL, M.~.C ••• Ba •• FIRBT AID III FEW WORDII. (200th thousand) Revised. With Coloured Diagrams . npp. Clota, 6d. Strong paper. :ad . Post 10. HOME IIIIURIIIIIIIB 1l1li FEW WORDII. (S6th thousand). Revised With useful reference tables . 14 pp. Strong paper, ::ad. Post Jd. BAIIIIDAIIIIIIIII DIABRAIWS. 12 PP.-72 bandaging diagrams, with notes. Strong paper, :ad. Post 1d.

6,10.11. Clerkanwell Green, LONDON, E.C.1.

HEALTH 1l1li FEW WORDII. By Sir ~. ff. PIRTH, D.P.H P. R . C. S. 20th Thousand. Paper folder 3 In. and .. fr.. Post free 3d. net.

Send top Pplce LIst and Pattepns to.\ ~D

Price n. 2d., post free.

ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES.

Reviews. QUESTIONS

HOME-NURaINQ.

Redsed.

aeme-/tQulag Simplified aad Tabalated, wltll Aida to .emory, , Thil O(JD/6 wD",u"/wll,, li".pli/ill " c()"./>I,~ INO;,ct ""d ShONld 0' ",tid DtI al. ItNu"tl. "-L. at N.W. Rv. GAZBTTE.

M.R.C.S.

"As a work of reference, the book will be excremely useful and should be in the library of all amhulance workers." FIR T _\10.

THE

Post free, 1S.2d.

DIUlIIDltllIII II Itad, Illd Treatmeat .olnd b, QaestlOIl IIId Alliwer . " w, co".".,,,d thil DMk to L,etN".rs ""d StNu"tl who willjC"d it 0/ p,,,1

N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.A., M.B

FIRaT-AID.

lIimplllled a~d Tabal~ted, wltb Aldl to .emor" (;~/. Sf" ,,,''''' Cat/tlu: co"t""Nt., "" ,,,t,,odNctiD" a"d w, ,,,dD,," AU roo" o~i"io" 0/ tlu oook." - LANCBT .

AMBULANOE

LEGAL

Seventh Edition.

~lrat.AI

Smd P. C. lor Price List and Sell-measuremen t 'orms.

THORNTON

.,B., B,C .. B.A.(Cutlb), •. R.C.!

Telephone: Clerkenwell 6682.

Telegrams: Unlqulp, London .

AMBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE, By P. C, BOTfOMLEY, M.D. A booklet to aid those interested in Ambulance and Stretcher Work.

Price 2d. each, post tree. "Plrst Aid," .. 6, Cannon Street, London, E C 4.

"FIRST AID " QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. To be cut out and enclosed with "if Que",es FEB., 1933

By HOW A~D M. P~BSTOI'!(. D.",o"st""to" to tit, Pol"t"h"ic . THE TR~A~aULAR BAIID~BE: Price 1.5. uet; postage , ld Its ApplIcation Accurately DeSCribed by Words and no Diagrams. TH.E R~L_LER BAIIIIDAB~. Price 15. Det; postage, 2d. Its Apphcatton Accurately DeSCribed by Words and 102 Diagrams . FIRBT-AID AIIIIATOMlaAL DIABRA • • • 13(1 to lund 14)OD Roller Post free, a•. 9d. net. No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs 1 / 2 THE aOMPLETEMAllllnUII.Price 21 . net ; postage .. d Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaiuable to Students of Anatom~ Medicine, First-Aid and Allied Subjects. By

THE WHOLE ART OF BAIIIIDABIII •• TIIBJt:LA BOWSB~. Illustrated. Post free, n. :ad.

POallET FIRIIT AID IIERIEB. By Col. ~. J. BLACItHAM. C.B .• C.M.O .. C.I.B., D.B.O .. M.1l (1) Poisoning, (2) Hae~orrhage, (3) Insenslb.llity) (4) Asphyxia (SuspeDded Bre!lt~ Ing), (s) Fractures, DIslocations and Sprains, t6) Wounds, Bites BnrDs SCI.ld. Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Senes contains all the esseDtials of F'irst Aid Printed on linen-lined cards, 31 In. X S! in. Third Edition. 6d. ne e7ch postage 2d extra. AIDII TO MEMORY FOR FIRST AID IITUDEIITS AIIIID IIIIURSES VERNON NEWTON, M R ~ 8.(EDIr) 9d. net. Pest JOHN

BilLE,

SONS

DIlNIELSSON.

83-91, Gpeat Titchfieid Stpeet London

Ltd.

W .1.

Hobson & Sons (London) Ltd.),

Who/e.a/e /IIIaker. of

Manufacturers of Unijorms, Headdresses, Accoutrements for

MEDALS, BADGES

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. SPECIAL OFFER of All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed TROUSERSPrivates- 13/9 per pair. LIMITED

QUANTITY

ONLY.

Patterns & Mea.surement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

AND

TROPHIES

Phone-Hop 0680 & 7065.

FIRST AID n

No. 77Bronze, 3/-; Sliver, 4./6; Sliver, Oold Centre, 6/9·

Original Designs and Quo/a/rons posl free.

Wholesale PrlcBs to all uFIRST AID n SOCIETIEI.

London Showroom-

HOLBPRN

EQUIPMENT.

.. STERAID ' (Regd.) series of absorbent and medicated Gauzes a.nd absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing The dressSurgical Dressings. ings are pi ~ced in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers (nly the quantity of gauze or lint required; after cutting this off, rotate the Container in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from exposure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awa1'ded the Ce1'tificate oj the Institute oj Hygiene.) All Dress i ngs are of GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE.

"SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for receiving soiled dressings, sanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing in any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring, without being handled. Ea!lily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST-AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements. SEND FOR PRICE LISTS:-

~OBE~T

BAILEY & SON, Ltd.

MARRIOTT STREET l\llLLS, STOCKPORT

READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3 d •

SOCIETIEII.

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL.

62,

NOTICB

CORP~

AMBULANCE

AND

P~ICB

TH~BBPENCE

[3/6 PaR ANNUM, POST FRRI!

VIADUCT,

E.C.

EDITORIAL. The

Its aim and object being- the advancement of Ambulance Work n all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers. All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at the address below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accom panied (not mcessar£ly JOY publication) by the name and add ress of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CA~NON STREET, LONDO, E.C·4. 7 e!er;1'aphic Address-' , Twwh'-IOU1', London." 7 de/,hont-Cwt1'al I42 I.

Telephone- 03400 Cltv.

North of England Office: 22, YORK PLACE, LEEDS.

SURCICAL

Entend at ] [ Stationers' Hall

suitable for

Contractors to

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I.

.l\IARCH, 1933.

No. 465.-VoL. XXXIX.

H.M. Ministry of Munitions. Russian Government. &c.

ADDRESS-

FIRST AID

J. Ai WYLIE & CO ••

CONTENTS

ASEPTO BANDACE COMPANY, 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.0.4.

Before purchasing your supplies of

SURCICAL DRESSINCS, FIRST AID APPLIANCES, BANDAGES, etc., Ask us for a

quotation-

YOU WILL SAVE MONEY.

Best

Quality - Quick Delivery Lowest Prices. Sole Agents for the well-known

ASEPTO

INSTANTANEOUS BANDAGE. THE PERFECT STERILISED DRESSING. SAVES

TIME

WHEN

SECONDS

COUNT.

ard at 137. Sentinel House. Southampton Row. London. W. C. 1. Printed and I:'ublishea by DALE, REYNOLDS & Co., Ltd., 46 , Cannon-strett, London, E.C.4, to whom all communications should Le addressed. 7 eleg1'ams- -" Twenty-jour, Lond(m." Telephone - Cent1'a / I 42I • To be had of all Newsagents, Booksellers and Bookstalls in the TJnited Kingdom and at all Railway Bookstalls of Messrs. W. H Smith and Sons.

THIS

NUMBER.

EDITORIAL-

Competitions t. John _\mhulance .\s ()ciation The Preparation of ompctitinn Tests Notes on '0111 pCli t ions The IIospitallcrs' Club omc Sequels LO .\ccidents S.J.A. Brigade District Reports Priory for Wales Re\ie\\' A Rolls-Royce aloon .:\mbulance ... Railway Ambulance News Police Ambulance News Letters to the Editor The Fake mash Common illistakes in First [\id The Royal Life Saving Society Our Nurses' Pages Durham, Cleveland and \Veslmorland District Ambulance League QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.\rtificial Respiration with Broken Ribs Examination Howler Use of Tourniquet ... Fracture of Clavicle and Radius D~tailed ~Iarking Sheet, No. 40 Treatment of Oxalic Poisons.. Friclion of Limbs for Shock ... Fractures of Humerus and Forearm ... Poisoning by Alcohol ... ... Treatment of Wounds of Abdominal Wall Feeble Breathing with Fractures of Femur and Ribs ... Military Ho pital Rc crve Legal Query

221 222 222 22-f 225 226 228 232 233 233 234 236 239 239 2i-0 241 2i-2

2H 246 2-f6 246 2-f6 246 2-f6 247 247 2-f7 247 2-f1 2i-7 2-1-7

DURING the past two months CO;\[PETITIO. s. competitions have been receiving much attention in this Journal in the form of articles, letters, criticisms, etc., and, as at this time of the year, the subject is an all important one, we have prevailed upon two eminent doctor-judges to give their views, and these appear in this issue. One is entitled "The Preparation of Com petition Tests," the author being Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, who, for the past fourteen years, has answered the queries raised by our readers. In his article , Dr. Corbet Fletcher has set out how he compiles a competition test and what is done before it is put into operation. This shows how thorough a doctor must be, and how much work must be put in before a test is com plete. The other article is from the pen of Captain A. C. \iVhite Knox, :;\I.c., who compares present day application with that of yester-year. He also gives competitors valuable hints on how to attend a case and deal with the injuries found. Both articles, we are sure, will be of great service and interest to competitors in general. Naturally, the statements are the thoughts of the two Doctors concerned, but we hope other judges will contribute to this series, thereby giving competitors a better; and more fuller, understanding of competitions. One thing is certain, both Dr. Corbet Fletcher and Captain White Knox are emphatic that all tests set must be in accordance with the textbook which govern the competion, and if every judge does this-there are a few exceptions who put into the test pet theories-then, with a good knowledge of the textbook, competitors cannot go wrong and their work il1cr~ases in excellence. .

222

FIRST

St. john J\mbulance J\ssociation.

The Preparation of Competition Tests.

PLY?lIOl'TH.-The ambulancc men 10 the Plymouth and District Ambulance ervice ha\'c stiil further added to their laurels during the recent gale in the Enalish Channel. In pitch darkne with a gale lashing the sea into huge waves, the hazardous task of transferring a man critically ill with abdominal trouble, was carried out from a LTnited States steamer in mid-channcl. The vesscl was on a voyage from America to the Continent, when a member of the crew was taken so ill that it was necessary to wireless to Plymouth for assIstance. A small tug was chartered, in which the ambulance men with special equipment for shipping cases, were taken seven miles off the breakwater. Seas were extremely rough but by the means of a Neil- Robinson stretcher and suitable s lings, the patient was safely taken from the vessel to the tug and brought to Plymouth, " 'here an ambulance remO\'ed him to the hospital, " 'here it is understood an operation was performed the same e~:en i ng. In this connection it is interesting to recall that the illustrations in the Juvenile l\Ianual, of patients being removed from ship~, were from the fil m of the Order of St. John's work taken at the Port of Plymouth. In addition to the foregoing, this Service has recently had an exceptionally busy time, and the number of cases dealt with is believed to be a record. Not including out- patients (those who are taken from thei r homes to hospital for treatmen t and back to their homes again) 46 cases were dealt with between 9 a . m . and 9 p.m. on one day. During the morning every available ambulance was called into use, and at 11 . 30 the pressure was so great that a taxicab had to be requisitioned to deal with a case of ill ness in the street. Three emergency calls also requiring immediate attention were received in as many minutes during the evening.

By N. CORBET FL I.. TCHER, 1\LB., l.R.C.S .

BOURNElIIOUTH.-It was announced at the annual meeting of the Bournemouth Centre that a new Austin 20 h.p. six cylinder motor ambulance is shortly to be put into service. A Flag Day has been arranged for l\Iay 27th, when it is hoped that the proceeds, together with the money already in hand, will pay for the new car. Th irteen classes, 9 first aid and 4 home nursing, were held during the past year, and among those who passed the examination were members of the Bournemoutb Fire Brigade and Constabulary. Does y our colleague read FIR.ST AID , if not, s end us his address and w e w ill post him a copy.

RECE~TT correspondence in FIR . T AID has urawn [rom tile Editor an insistent request that I should set down the methods which I employ in the preparation of tests [or Com peti tions. I have y ielded to his importunity \\'ith some diflldence and chiefly in the hope that other judges may contribute an account of their methods so that rerhaps there may be estahlished, " 'hat one c rrespondent described as, Standing Order for Judge . . " Looking hackwards tIown the years remember the time when [ull diagnosis was invariably Su ppl ied to the com peti tors, \\ h n til detai Is of thc te t could be wri tten clown com rortably on half a sheet of notepaper, and when for a team test it was diftIcult to raise a total of 100 possible marks. Of course, the problems of tho c early tests were incompletely solvcd b forehand; and partly on this account and partly to ohtain a uniform total of 100 marks wc were for eel to add an item labelled I . extras." \Vith the gradual development of the modern detailed marking sheet the last-named item has become unnece sary ; and to-day it is rightly regarded as a conks ion-on the I art o[ the judge that he has not soh'ed his e)\\ n problem in his entirety. CO:\DlTIO:-\S OF CO~lPETITI ),'-:. It is a curious fact that those in charg of competitions, whcn they approach a potential judge, rarely send a copy of the conditions controlling the competition . So having accepted the duty of judging, I commence action by requesting full particulars as to the nature of the test and the proportion of marks carried hy it ; and by r<~ading through the conditions carefully I seek to Gnd out exact! y what is req u i red and what ma)' be the basis of my problem. Thereby I avoid setting a test which is at variance with thE" objects and conditions of tile given com peti tion . For exam pIe, one is sometimes asked to judge contests open to teams composed of members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and of the British Red Cross Society and based on the textbooks of both organisations. Unless this fact is clearly understood at the outset, contentious details may flgure in the marking sheet (as they actually did in one case within my recollection) with disastrous resu lts. After all, nothing spoils a friend ly contest more effectively than a sense of unfairness whethe r i n the preparation or in the actual judg ing o[the tests . II

CO-OPERATIO

WITH

ECRETARY.

This done, I now work out a concise picture of my proposed emergency comp lete with its requirements and its methods ; and I se lect certa in definite injuries, p referably those for w hi c;: h th e

F IR ST

:\\ areh, 193 ~ .

l\larch, 1933 .

AID.

treatment is speciflca lly set out in the Textbook. To this end a case which has actua lly been treated by the judgc in his profcssional capacity, provides the best problcm because all the essen tial facts quickly rise to his memory and the task of solving it from the first aid standpoint is rendered much more easy. For the same pu rpose cases reported in the Practical POl'IlIs alld in the JVe7.us CuttilZgs column:, of FmsT AID are oflell most useful. In point of fact, lhi~ i::. the real dil'ilculty in the preparation of tesh ; but once a realistic picture is ohtained, progres~ i~ rapid, especially with a little practice. At this point I call a halt and gd into tOLlch with til' secretary orO'anising the competition to whom I confide the outstanding facts concerning my propo::.ecl test and ask him if he can stage it adequately. Thi::. is a 1110::.t important step in the preparation of te::.b to- lay, because, if compctitor::. arc to be examined a:, to Lheir treatment of ase::. ill actual emergen '}' ,. the tc::.ts al::.o //l{{st be portra\'cd " a.., in actual elllerg-ellC'"." The A!:sociation and Brigade Final.., ~'lre tl~-day staged with full th 'cllri 'al effects; hu( this i~ a mos t c""pcn::.i\ e rrl)ccdure and is pmhibiti\ e to the great majority 1..)1' cl1Illpetitil)n::.. Further, I do not consider such staging- essential to a ucce '::.fu l Competition, though I do appreciak its alh an rages from the point'> of view of competitors, judgt; and spectators; and all I demand is a rcali~ti' rcpre entation \\ hereby the imagina tion or the ~C' mpetitors can be rc..,trictcd, a'> ral a,> P sSlhlc, t al..'tual Cacb. This can he OhUlll1Cd ill many in:,tances \\ ith improviscd material, the u')c l I' \\ hich can be most cffccti\'e. Indeed, the 1()~3 Brigade Final \\as tilt; first of tilL: ~eric,> to he ~tagl'd l'cal isticClJly, and this was donc \\ ithoul theatrical effeds. Thc e::.scntial factors, ho\\'c\'cr, ar' lhal the Picture of the Test and it , Requircments IllU:,( be capahle of reprodu tion as in actual cmergency \\ ithin the limits of the C0111pelitition room. II

DE~ ' lUPTI

l'\

OF PIClTRE OF '1'E ' T.

The co-operation of the organising secr tary having been secured, I next PI' ceed to solve 111y prohlem ; but, before dealing with the details of the various steps in treatment and transport, I seek to set down on paper an explanation of the pictu re with reference to the Plac , the Patient and the Part. lIerein lies the most remarkablc change in the modern detai led marking sheet. In the days when I first began to act as a judge all that was required was a Card of Instruction which often consisted of twelve or more printed lines and was rather a tax on the memory than a seviceable hauide to the . requirements of the test. To-day, if realism is sti ll to be 'Jbtained, much more IS required . First of a ll , therefore, I prepare a Card of Instructz'on, and experience has ta u ght me how

AID . much thought may be required to ensure a conc ise, yet complete, statement of facts . Indeed, it is safe to say that, in a properly prepared Card of Instruction, each and every word may have some significance. Next I draw up a Hz'story of the Accident (which I someti mes call Actt'01l of Test) with the same carefu I atten tion ; and I often fi nd this lIseful as a card if enqu iry should be made concerning the story of the emergency, since I ensure thereby the same account being retai led to all the competing teams. Finally, I compose my jY'o/es for fudge, which are useful for specifying full instructions concern i ng stagi ng, action of assistants, position of patients, faking of inju ries, and so on. The last named is an important feature of a realistic competition, because, as far as possible, indications of injuries should al\\'ays be represented on the patient as they would be in actual emergency. By such means, we are able to judge the manner in which the injuries are sought and found . These introduclof\~ paragraphs not only demonstrate the Picture of the Emergency, but they also enable those who read the tests after the competition to get a good idea as to what were the objects and intentions of the judge who worked out the problem. Further, as competition tests are of great value, I have of late years treated Individual in the same way as Team Tests. PI{EPAR .\TIOX OF DETAIL ' . \Vhen the Picture of the Test is firmly planted in Illy mind, I attack the problem of the details . Experience has taught me that the best way to do this is under four definite headi n gs- Immediate Action, Exam i nation of Patient, Treatmen t of Patient, and Transport (including- After- Ca re) of Patient. This scheme, while it may failoccasion ally to be of use when special circumstances have to be con iJered, facilitates promptness in judging, because, as the various points arise, I can at once turn to the appropriate section, be this exam ination, treatment or transport. On the other hand, the detailed ma rk ing sheet which intermingles diagnosis and treatment is a slip-shod production and most difficult to mark. It always reminds me of the competitor who, in the old days used to take action while he was actually reading his Card of I nstruct ion, and who, in other words, did not know precisely what wa required, but thought that he ought to do someth ing wi thou t delay. It is well to n otice here that nothing irr ita tes competitors more than when they see a ju d ge mark ina up his deta iled sheet some minutes after the team or individual test has fi n ished. The idea l, of course, is to glance rapielly th rough the sheet as the test ends, lest any ma rkings have been omitted, and then without furt h er de lay to hand it to those who are responsib le for its safe c us tody and correct add it ion .

FIRST

224-

In the last two o r th ree vears t he detai led sheets have tended to get out of hand and to be e nlarged beyond the bounds of necessity and common sense, whereby they have become " loquacious life-histories," as I once heard them described . I am strongly of opinion that the detailed analysis of a team test should not exceed two pages of printed foolscap . Consequently, I try to consolidate my lines and to make each cover at least two, or even three, points, each of which in turn carries onehalf or one-third of the allotted marks . On the other hand, I ha\Te seen tests which occupy three and four pages, and would seriously handicap the efforts of the most expert judges to be fair and at the same time accurate in their judgments. The need for loquacity in the detailed sheets can, to a great extent, be eliminated by free use of the introductory paragraphs in which, as I have described, one seeks to give a description of the Picture of the Test. The complete solution of a problem is not obtained forthwith; and I find that I must work it out three or four times with the open Textbook before me all the time. In my younger days I prided myself on my knowledge of the Textbook, and often trusted to my memory, until I realised that by so doing I 'vas missing points. Indeed it is astonishing how badly our memories may le~ us down on occasions, for which reason I would here emphasise the need for all of us, both judges and com petitors, to read and repeatedly re-read the Textbook. Theatre managers tell us that it is impossible to prophesy before hand that any given play will be a success when produced. Even so, no one can be absolutely certain how a competition test will go until it has been tried out by a good team . Cons~quently, at this stage of my preparation, and especI~lly when t~ere is any doubt in my mind, I som~t1mes deem It advisable to submit my draft detaIled sheet to a competent and experienced layman who may be able to make some helpful criticisms and suggestions. Finally, ·w hen I am satisfied with the lines of my detailed sheet, I select a unit which varies with the number of marks allowed for the test· and, reading through the successive lines apportion to each either one unit or a muldple thereof until I am satisfied that the marks are fairly awarded.

Will Secretaries in charge of any OPEN Com petilions in or n~ar London, or ~n the South of England, please send partlculars to the Editor of this Journal. 3'

•

HOLI DAY AP A RT MENT.5. - 1hos e of o ur readers who have holiday apa r tments t o let can ins e rt a s eries of ad vertise m e nts in this Journal for a very small ch a r ge. W rite for particulars NOW I

A I D.

l\Iarch, 1933.

Notes on Competitions. By CAPT. A . C. ,;\/HITE KNOX, l\l.C.

( Assz'stant COl7l77Z1·ssZ071er, S.J .A.B.) I READ with much interest the article "first Aid Com petitions-Some Pertinent Qestions" in you r January issue, and find in it a number of points which have struck me in recent competition work. I t has been obvious to me for some time that the various injuries in competition tests have not been put up with the neatness that one used to expect in the old" Definite Injury' card test. , \Then a team was told to do a certain thin cr they did it expeditiously and neatly, an I the result was workmanlike. Now the tendency is to spend so much time on examination for injuries present, and not present, that the diagnosed injuries have to be put up in a hurried and slipshod manner. I believe that this is partly due to the complicated tests which are sometimes set, and to the want of practice in straightforward splintincr and bandaging. I have carried out anum ber of speed tests to find out the various times taken to put up certain injuries, and am amazed to find that in many ca s in competition the time necessary to put up the injuries is at the most one quarter of the whole time; meaning that the competitor ha I ent three quarters of his time on diagnosing. This is not always the fault of the judge, but the manner in which the first-aider sets abo,Jt his work. In ordinary life one comes across very few complicated accidents. Usually when the patient is conscious, he can indicate his injuries perfectly easily.; and if he is unconscious, the history, su rroundlI1gs and examination will quickly reveal them. This fact leads me to say that competition tests should be straightforward, rather than tricky . I have never yetfound a competing team that could get full marks on the most straightforward test; therefore there is no difficulty in marking them . The recent Police Competition in London demonstrated this perfectly. I believe that tests, as far as possible, shou ld be staged as naturally as possible . The staging need not be elaborate, except for the entertainment of spectators. !he competitors should, as far as possible, see the cIrcumstances leading up to the accident and their card should only explain the setting in ;vhich they . find themselves . .The card should definitely be g lven up on completIOn of reading. The patient should be prepared with all his injuries marked on him. It is now quite easy with th~ a id of p laster, p lasticine, bone. and grease paInts to copy a lmost any kind of inju ry. This

FIR S T

l\T arch, 1933.

makes the first-aider really exami ne the bone lines and not run hi5 hands lightly over the cloth ing without rea ll y fee li ng for anyth ing underneath. If unconscious, the patient has nothing to say, but if conscious, then he should be instructed to give such information as he would normally give. Everything which the first-aider needs in his treatment should be at hand . That does not mean to say that he may not have to improv ise j and no marks should be given, when those things are at hand, for imply saying they shou ld be done. It is possible that some proportion of the marks may have to be given in these cases. \Vith a properly pr pared and staged test, it should be practically unnecessary for the judge to speak at a II. I hould like to see competitors warned at the commencement that all information in regard to the pati nt is as they :find it. This applies to transport a lso, if the distance is !:>uffici nt to warrant it, then competitors must chan rrc bcar rs, an I not mer I y state they would do so. If the distance is not sufi1cient, then they are wa~tj n rr thei r time. In regard to the competitor I "ould like to g!\'e them a fe\\ hints from the judrre's point of vie\\'. On re eiving their card they should read it quickly and carefully, digestin a such information as it may give in regard t \\. ather, distances, and particulars r garding pati nt and surroundings, if an y. They ~hould th n hand over the card and carefully watch the action of the te t. Yh-ey hould then approach their ca e rapidly, but In an orderly manner, and quickly deal with any langeI' us ~urroundincrs, detainin cr any bystanders who may be present. They then peak to the patien t and fi nd ou t if he is consciou . or unconscious. If con cious, they must extract. all information po ible and straight away deal With the definite injuries, givin cr priority to hcemorrhage. . It is. quite common to see competitors going Into detaIled exam i nation when brigh t red hcemorrhage is showing in large quantities . After the obvious injuries are attended to, then the patient is quickly examined for the possible injuries (rarely present) . . If the patient is unconscious, there may be stIll obvious injuries to be attended to. These must. be done, and the proper detail examination, as laId down in the Textbook, done . So on ly in the unconscious patient can a ll injuries be d iscovered. . Having discovered the injuries, work accordll1g to. the Textbook, and do the work neatly . You wlil have plenty of time . I t is difficult to say what is t he correct n u rn ber for a team, and whether the team leader s h ou ld take part in the wo rk or on ly instruct. I

225

A I D.

Various com petItIOns have various rules in rega rd to this. All tests should, however, be prepared and ma rked strictly according to the Textbook. In spite of the different methods of many judges, it is a fact that in practically every case the teams are placed in their order of merit; and, though a co-ordination of views is desirable, I feel su re that competitors would not enjoy the excitement they now do if judges were brought to the level of " Robots." These notes express my views on the broad question of competitions, and, though perhaps not accept~ble by all, may prove helpful to some.

The Hospitallers ' Club. A VERY interesting evening was spen t at the Cora Hotel on Friday, l\larch 10th, when a lecture was given by C. H. Burwood, Esq . , who is one of the techn ical experts of Messrs . Siebe, Gorman & Co., Ltd., on Respiratory Apparatus. The lecturer explained the constituent parts of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbonic acid gas, in the normal atmosphere that is breathed. He then stated that the actual requirements of the body of each of the three gases, particularly emphasising the quantity of C. 02. This ,vas to maintain the standard of carbolic acid always to be found in the lung of a normal healthy person. This being so, experiments have proved that when oxygen is to be administered, if 7 per cent. of C.02 is added the normal breathing starts with miraculous rapidity. A comparison drawn by the lecturer was, the usual methods of artificial respiration would take 30-60 minutes or longer, but with the Resuscitation Apparatus giving 93 per cent. oxygen and 7 per cent. carbon dioxide far greater beneficial results obtained in 3-5 min utes . Variou other types of apparatus were displayed and demonstrated, and altogether the evening proved to be one of the most instructive the Club has had, so much so that 1'.1 r. Burwood has been invited to g ive a lecture on the Submarine Escape Apparatu~ at a date to be announced later. The ann ual dinner will take place at the Conna ught Rooms on Saturday, April 7th. Early app licatio n for tickets should be made to l\1r. F . A. Stall a rd, 37a, Hartham-road, N . 7 .

------ .-- .-----l\Iajor D . 1\1. Currer Briggs, of \Vhite\yood Collierie , presided al the annual gathering of the Castleford Division of the Yorkshire Collieries Ambulance League, on Saturday, February 25th.

FIRST

A I D.

.\Iarch, 193:;.

March, 1933 . .

FIKST

227

A J D.

- - - - - - - --

Some Sequels to Accidents, or,

"TIlE A~[BCL.\:\CE

CAPTAIl\'

.\:\D

IIO'\IE

N'uzSE."

~OR:\IAN

~I.R.C . . , 1.-S110CK

:\L\N .\ '

HA:\DIER, R.A.:'l.C.

DELlluu~[

"\FTER

ACl' IDENTS.

TJlE subjects of First AiLl and Home ~ur ' ing arc dcal t with separatel y in the St. Joh n syllabus and are co\'ered by separate Textbooks, but in practice theyar not unfrequently found to o~'erlrzp. This Il13.Y often be so in the case of an accident occurring within one's o\\'n household or among one's friends, WhE n one might easily be both the person to gi\'e the First Aid treatment and subsequently to carryon with after-nursing, under medical supervision, in the home. This may be so, too, in small isolated communities at homc and abroad, on shipboard, in smaller military hospitals (especially Reception Stations ,,,here e\'acuation is at daily or longcr i nteryals) or in the excellent small ho pitals mai ntained in connection with industries, such as in mining or oil districts. In these last instances, not only is the First Aider also the Home l\'urse, but he may ha\'e to carryon to the best of his ability, occasionally cmirely without a doctor, sometimes (and this is more common) under the orders of a doctor who is able to see the patient only at relatively unfrequent intervals, and who, by reason of distancc or difficul ty of transport, cannot always be summoned qu-ickly in any emergeney arising during the course of the ca:-,e. It is these circumstances that are mainly in my mind in writing these notes. The need for them is a matter of my own experience, possibly confirmed by the experience of others.

(l.)-SIIOCK--A~D

(11.)- TRAU:\lATIC DELIRIU.\I. I n all accidents, the onset of Slwck is an

expected factor. Its arri val, to a greater or lesser degree, is an inevitable as the King's Taxes. Our [<irst Aid Text Book time and again refers to it and to the methods to be adopted to prevent it occurring in a grave form and to minimise its dangers. But the treatmen t of Shock after an accident concerns us not onl y as First Aiders, but is to be considered in connection with the immediate Home ~ ursing treatment of the case; and hele we see the first condition ovedappz'ng from pure Fz'rst A 'i d z'nto tlze siste1; subject of Home Nursz'ng. The same appl ies to the less well-known, perhaps less dangerous, certainly less common, but often very alarming condition of Traumatic Delz'n'um, which may follow an accident and which is not referred to by teachers or text books as often as it might

be. Thi con lition may be observe 1 by the IIome Nurse often within a few days of the accident, and, if it is not understood, the warning signs of its approach will not be recognised, and it may cause undue alarm through it unexpectednt;ss and unfamiliarity. The subjects of the detailed treatment of accidcnts are dealt with adequately in the textbooks as: t. Th immediate First Aid t['eatment of all accident resulting in b<emorrhage and for SC\'crc injun' or fracture----and---. i. The Home Nursing care of such a ca::.c. Here we shall rdcr especially to: L' • _ /1. Primary or " I mmcdiate" A . ",, ,,HOl"- \)_. ~Secon d ary, ancI B. TR"\U.\l.\TIC D ELI R IU:\I ("l nj ury"-eaused Delirium). A.-SHOCK,

,\S SEE:\,

IIO~IE

BY FI IZ ' T NURSE.

lDER .\ND

A severe accident- or in certai n ci r~u m~tal1cc::" a rdativcly trivial one-makes our patient the \'ictim of Shock. Bv Sho k, wc mean a condition of I07verz'll o' oj'7Jual/ll; _ __ in\'ol\'jll(T z:-, all thc l')r ce::.~e::. of life. The very I1lilde~t variety of Shock is similar to tbe ordinary fainting attack due to emotional causes (see First Aill Textbook), but is more prolonged. In shock, the essential factor is a marked lessening of the strength of tbe heart's thrust Oil the column of bloo 1 in the arterial half of the vascular system, with resulting \\'eaklle~~ of the circulation-in other 'w ords, a fall in the blood pressure. \\Te will go into other factors, but let us first dh,ide up the consi leration of Shock i 11 to hr.'o main parts, and try to see how and why, certain things happen. The t\\'o division~ arc : (z) Primary, or better, "IlIlllledta/e," '/lOC/.:, occurs relativeh' soon after the accident and Lherefore has to be d-ealt with as an essential part of the first aid treatment (Note-an essen/wi part, not a mere afterthought. How often in examinations and competitions do we hear" Ob, yes-and treat for shock," said very casually?) And (£z) Secondary Slwck, which may occur some time later, after the patien t has recovered from the PriJl1ary Shock, or which may arise independently of it. This will come under the heading of Home Nursing. .2'urther, Primary Shock may pass into Secondary Shock with no interval of partial recovery between. (z) Primary Slwck is a direct result of tlw accident. To a certain extent it may be regarded as Nature's attempt at its own first aid in those cases where blood vessels are injured and there is risk from severe heoemorrhage. The fall in blood pressure due to the weakening of the heart's beat hel ps both the natural arrest of bleeding and the first aiders efforts to the same end. IIow does it happen that an accident or injury ~

weakens the heart's action? The strength of the beat of the heart is regulated by a special part of the unconscious brain called a "centre "-let us call it the "heart-centre" (for there are other " centres" in the brain regulating vital functions of the body). This centre (like the others) works independently of our will. This centre, in turn, is in communication with two types of nerves carrying impulses towards it. (a) The Sympathetic, or lnvoluntary, Nervous system, And (b) The sensory (" feeling") nerves of the erebro-spinal, or Voluntary, Nervous system. So we have got as far as this: The heart's action i weakent'd by messages that reach it from the "heart-centre" in the brain. The heart centre is made to order the heart to work less st!'onul), in two way (1) by messages from the 'ympath tic system and (2) by messages from s 11sory nerves. (1) Fir tly, allY severe z'l~illry will initiate the e me. ages from the ympathetic system, especially if dire ted towards the great collection of sympathetic nerve cells situated in the abdomen (the" solar plexu ," \\ ell kno\\ n by name and by experience t boxers). These abdominal nerve colI ctions are in very lose connection with the heart 11 t r in the b~ain. Th us a wou nd of the abdomen with i nj u ry to abdom i nal organs, or one of the ab lominal \\all, with careles and clumsy fi r t aid, \\ i II cause profou nd 'hock. It i not untrue or an exaggerated" Id \Vi\'es' Tale" that sudden death ilia}, be caused by a sudden and violent blow on ~the abdomen . . So-the heart's action is \\eakened by the injury on'UlJlrzLz'ng 1'177pulses t'll //ze !)mjat/zetzc nervous system which affect th heart via the heart-centre in the brain. (2) Secondly, a further rea on [or the inhibition of the heart's action depends on the sensory nerves of the voluntary nervous system. It has been shown that Crl{s/ll'lZg or tearz'nr of these nerves affects the heart centre in the brain in the same way, i.e., causes it to send nerve messages to the heart, making it work more feebly. So the ,jegree, the severity of primary shock depends on the nature of the in jury and also on the part affected. The more the sympathetic system is upset, and the more sensory nerves are involved, the greater is the effect on the heart. Injuries to parts well supplied with sensory nerves, such as the hand or gen ital organs, or to parts closely connected with the sympathetic system, such as the intestine, will cause much shock. Ve1"Y exlensz've superficial injury/such as superficial burning of a large area of the body, will cause more shock than the complete burning-off of a foot-more sensory nerves are involved. On the other hand, a deep wound will, generally speaking, affect the sympathetic system more than shallower wounds, and 0 again cause greater shock.

The First Aider should note that much shock is caused by rough and careless handling, particularly when abdominal organs are involved, or when clumsy First Aid manipulations pull on, or tear, sensory nerves. The Syptoms of Shock vary, according to its severity, from a ~Iight momentary giddiness or faintness to " immediate and complete prostration, which may lead to rapiJ insensibility or even death. " (1) The Pulse becomes weak, irregular, very fast, may be undiscoverable at the wrist. (2) The Face is pale, with a shrunken, wizened appearance. The forehead is covered with cold sweat. (3) The breathing is slow and shallow. (Compare internal or severe hcemorrhage with its rapid and difficult breathing). (4) The temperature becomes subnormal. After an interval, depending on the severity of the acciden t and the effidency of the Fl"r"t Aider, the patient recovers gradually. During this period of gradual recovery (called the period of Reachon) the patient may vomit. ometimes reaction is accompanied by irritabilz'ty, affecting either the mind or the muscles, which shows itself in (1) traumat£c del£rz"um or (:2) intense restlessness, seen most often as part of the shock which follows extensive burning. The Fz'rst Aid treatment of Primary Shock i dealt with adequately and concisely in the wonderful little Black Book. No expansion or explanation is necessary. After the patient has left the hands of the First Aider and passed into the care of the Home Nurse, again Slzoc/? may occur. Occasionally shock may be delayed for some time after the injury. This is markeuly so in cases due to railway or motor accidents, especially such cases when no great injury has been sustained. For a time excitement, or preoccupation in succouring others, keeps the patient going, but as the mental excitement wears off, shock supervenes. The same kind of thing happens if the patient is slightly intoxicated at the time of the accident; symptoms of shock may appear only after the effect of the alcohol has passed away . \Ve can call these cases of Delayed Primary SllOck, and they should be familiar to ambulance men.

(To be concluded.) 1\1r, H. VV. Fincham, P.S.A., Knight of Grace !nd Assistant Librarian, will ~i"e a Lantern Lecture in the Chapter Hall, St, John's Gate, London, on 'Wednesday, April 5th, at 8 p. m., on "The Order of St. John and it History."

The "DECO~ATOR.s' &. PAINTERS' MAGAZINE" 8d . monthly) Is THE trade papf'r for all intere~tecJ. Publtsbing Off~,e ; 4~, C""UI'n Street I E,C,i,

FIRST

22 )

The

Brigade

S t.

/ OIZ7Z

SOUTHALL.-A united gathering of members of the Heston Section and friends of the No. 55 (Southall) Ambulance and NursinO' Divisions was held on Thursday, March 2nd. The prog~amme opened with a selection by the Mount Pleasant Property Owners Dance 9rches~ra, directed by Mr. E. J. Emerson, who gav~ the1r serv~ces \'oluntarily and also played for dances dunng the evenl1?g. Prior to the interval) Mrs. O'Brien presented cert.lficates vouchers medallions and bars to the forty-mne succ~ssful candidates at the recent examinations. The Nursing Division Cadet Competition Medal was presented to Cadet Marjorie Templar. Lady Supt. Miss Lewis proposed a vote of thanks to Mrs. O'Brien to which Dr. O'Brien responded on behalf of his wife. He was pleased to see such a keen body of workers for the cause of humanity. By their work they they may be the means of saving a life, by arrest!ng severe bleeding or preventing a wound from becommg septic. He also congratulated the. doctors, officers and men on their high standard of effiCIency. Cadet M. Templar, on behalf of the Nursing Division, presented to Dr. Olive a bouquet as a ~ark of esteem and appreciation of the interest she takes In them. It was announced that arrangements are being. made to hold a first aid class, free, for the unemployed m the District and they will commence directly a date can be fixed. The Salvation Army Hall has been offered to the Division and Dr. O'Brien will endeavour to spare the time for lectures. Members of the Southall Division will assist with bandaging, etc. SOUTHER:-r RAILWAY CORPS (SOUTHERN).-This Corps held their second annual competition, social and dance on Saturday, March 4th, at the Sydenham a.nd F~rest Hill 50cia1 Club, Sydenham. As is usual wIth thIS Corps, a unique and interesting competition was staged. The team test was divided into three parts as follows: Nos. 1 and 3 were told that a man had been knocked down and they were required to diagnose the injuries. Aft:r their examination Nos. 2 and 4 had to treat the case m accordance with the iniuries found by Nos. 1 and 3. No. 5 meanwhile was asked what would he do for the patient apart from the actual treatment. When the injuries had been treated the captain took charge and the members worked toO'ether as a team for loading the ambulance. On th~ whole, competitors did very well but it w~s obvious to onlookers that some teams look to the capt~m for too much work instead of being able to get on WIth the job themselves. This kind of competition wi11, however, tend to make every member of a team a potential leader. The judges were Corps Surgeon Dunlop (team) assisted bv Corps Supt. A. J. Green (team) and Commandant Owen, B.R.C.S. (individual). Following the competitions, the social commenced and during an interval Corps. Supt. Green announced the results as follows: 1, Bricklayer's Arms "A," 299 ~ 2, 69 Nursing- Division "B," 272; 3. 69 Nursing- Division " A " 268' 4 Bricklayer's Arms" B," 2391: 5, Orpington, 2:13'; 6, Le"~isham, 208!. It would be weU to mention L

1933.

Ambulance

Dzst~zct

No I. (P rince of Wales' ) Dis trict.

~ larch,

A I D.

that three members of the second team had less than bnlve months' service, and are therefore deservinQ' of the highest praise for their splendid effo:ts. . Commandant Owen presented the shlcld and p.1'lZCS after which Corps Supt. Green addressed the compct ItorS. pointinO' out where mistakes had been made. Th~ arrangements were made bv Corps. Sup~. Green, assisted hv Corps Officers 'M iller and Steelman, Dry. Supt. Harrison -ancl Lady Diy. Supt. 11iss Pearce.

No. III. Oistrict. annual

competition

for

the

229

A I D.

\V. II. Gastall, D.C.M., B.Sc., of Blaekpoo1, presided, and

E. S . Burt H amilton, ::W.c., Corps Surgeon. The toast of

the company at the prescntation of the cup and medals in the parade room of the TO,\,11 Hall , after tea, included the Mayor of Lanca ter (Mrs. Croft Helme) and Drs. Tomb and Kay (examiners). District Officer 'V. II. Casta!! said it was rather a unique occasion for a District Officer from one area to presidc at a function in another, but he was there as the reprcselltative of the Districtoml11issioner who was, unfortul1ak!y, t1\lablc to he present. Ill' congratulated all the tl'~lIm Oil the excc\1ent manncl- in which they had carried out their lC'. ts. To show that the Lctncaster Division was it very live nilC. he stated that last year there wcre forty-nine memhers and 'ighty-nine cases were reported. In the Lanca . hire Di"trict there \\ ere 9.200 adult mC'mbers) and durillg last year there were 33.000 ca. cs. That showed that it \\ .IS allvc and doing a considerable amount of \\ ork. alt!lrJugh in many cases thcy were apt t() hide their li.:.!ht under a bushel. He added that he had been told 11) Dr. J. \ Tomb that Lanea ter were <tnxiuu to obtain

"The Venerable 0 rder of St. John" was delightfully proposed by the Rev. F. Paton-Williams and. responded to by Asst. Commissioner W . Maxwell R eekle, O .B.E., J.P.; Lady Corps Supt. Miss Haliday ably proposed" Our Guests." The Commissioner, in replying, referred to the hiO'h state of efficiency of the Corps, and thanked all conce;ned for their efforts to maintain that efficiency. Di trict Officer Redmond and Corps Supt. Naylor also spoke. A very enjoyable evening was brought to a close by the singing of the :\'ational Anthem.

vv.

Reports.

DUDLEY.-The

FIRST

Ma rc h, 1953 .

STAI\Tl)ISH.-The annual meeting was held on Fehruary 14th and the "ery excellent report of the Secretary, ::\1r. D. Makinson, was discussed and adopted. It "'as pointed out that in 1932 the Division had neO'otiated many ob tacles with satisfactory results. Eabgernes , enthusia m, and renewed interest amongst the mei" hers is evident and speaks ,\'e11 for the future of the Di"ision.

Corps

(tC Ollis") Shield. which is also the eliminating enl.l1netition for the tC Dewar" Shield. was held at Katee; Hill.

Dudley, on Saturday. March 4th. The judges Wl rc Corps Surgeon Dr. V. Gray-Maitland (team test) and Corps Officer J. A. Harrie; (vive vnce tests). Three teams competed and the result was announced as. follows: Stourbridge Division (Corpl. J. \V. Thatcher In charge). 314 marks; Dudley Division (CarpI. J. Dudley), 288 marks ~ and Tipton Division, 242 marks. The team tee;t set by Dr. Maitland was that of a supposed acclrl~nt tn an elderly dumh man who had fallen on tll<.' . slipjl('r~' ground outside a meeting- hall on a clark snowy lllg-ht. and had sustained a fracturert right clavicle. arterial hleeC\inQ' from the palm of right hand and a seyere hruise of the right hip. Stombridge Division team \\ ill now C01l1(1:tl' aO'ainst T. W. Lench's Division (North 'Vor('('stershlre C~rps) and Malvern for the honnm of retaining the \Vorcestershire County Shield (which the)' at presen t hold), and to decide which tectm shall represent th.r county in the District semi -final at BirmillQ'ham on Apnl 8th. STol'RBRmc;E.-A stlC'cessflll whist driyl' wae; lle1rl for the Divisional funde; on Thmsc1av, March 9th. Prizes had been generoush' giHn hy local t rctrll'speoplc and friends of the Division.

No. IV.

(L anca~h ire)

District.

BOLToN.-The occasion of the English CU(1-tie. Bolton Wanderers v. Manchester Cit\' on Fehruarv 18th. taxed the energies of the members of the Boltnn Corps: 70,000 spectat~rs were present and the Brigade trcaten upwards of 200 cases in a manner that evoked praise f rom everyone. EARLESTowN. - J3y the death of Div. Surgeon W. Latham, which took place on February 26th, the Ear1es town Ambulance Division has lost a stalwart. For many veal'S Dr. Latham took a keen interest in the work of the Brigade, and was every-ready to help the Division in every possible way. LA 'CASTER.-Six teams from a wide area competed in the annual competition for the "Lamport" Cup under the auspices of the Lancaster St. J olln Ambulance and Nursing Division, in the Friends' IT al1 on Saturday. Fehruary 18th, and the Preston Corps carrien off the trophy with an aggregate of 227 marks. District Officer

HI' (ourlesyl

r West Jliddlesex GazelLe.

I'r':-,':lll<tlil1l1 l)r Ch.yg'l'n .\pparalu') aL a dance of the 1 o . 55 (SouLhall) D i"ision, as reported in February issue of this Journal. III till! torc1{round is uJll. J. E. Tay lor, Dr. Brook (O i,. Surgeon), Counci llor Cn~l!sey, and Council lor J. A. axon, J.P. (Chairman of the Counci l).

new !ll'adquartcrs and he wished them l1ccess in their efforts. The resu!l of the competition wer(': 1, "Lamport" Cup, Prestoll C()rJl~. 227 marIe: 2, Barrow-in-Furne s. 2(),::;: 3, Ulver~toll. 204; 4, Thorntol1-Cleveleys, 203; 5. Presall, 180 ~ 6. Da!toll-in-Fl1r1lcss. 150. :\1 \ '\Cl1ESTI~R.- The sixth annnal officers' dinner () [ the l\Tanchester and Salford Corps was held at Parkers' ResLaurant. Manche ter, on February 18th, ninet) officers and guests attending. Among'st the guests were: The COlllmissioner. 'V. G. Smith, O.R.E.: Asst. Commi ioners \V. l\Tax\\ell Reekie, O.B.E., J.P., ctnd C. H. Fowler Jones (res.); District Officers J. H. Clca1 (District Secretary) and Col. C. H. S. Redmond. T.D., M.B., and the Rev. F. Paton-vVilliams, R.D., Rector of St. Anne's Church (the oldest church in Manchester). The loyal toast was proposed hy the Chairman, Major

No. V. District. A1UILEY.-The annual meeting of the Armley and \ \'ortlev Division took place at Armley Temperance Hall, \ Vesley- Road, on Thursday, February 16th. The chairman was Mr. W. A. Armitage, Vice- P resident of the Di\'ision, who was introduced by Div. S upt. Glover. The Treasurer, Amb. Officer VV . E. Pemment, presenled a satisfactorv balance sheet, and gave an account of the year' workii1g in r elation to the fi nan cial side of the Division. A comprehensive and detailed account of the Divi ion's activities throughout the past year was given by the Secretary, Amb. O fficer P. J. Moreton. An average attendance of thirty had been recorded at the forty-seven dri ll s held during the year, and a total of 573 cases had been treated by various members of the Division, twenty-three of these cases being- removed. The repo rt stated that SO pcr cent. of the D ivis ion turned

~30

FIR S T

out at the annual corps inspection at \ iVest Leeds High School, in Tune. During: the past year the Division had carried out duties at entertainments, church and other gatherings and sport meetings, and numerous calls had been made on member for the udden removal of patients. Staff- ergt. R. M. Wilkinson and Div. Supt. E. D. Glover received the Brigade Service Medal for 1930 and 1931 respectively. Diy. Supt. Glover had also received the Insignia of the Serving Brother of The Order of St. John. Amb. Officer P. J. Morton paid glowing tribute to the work of Diy. Supt. Glover, who, in a short address, said that eleven out of the fifteen Sanitation Certificates that came to Leeds, came to Armley. He was proud of that achievement. A vote of thanks to the chairman was moved by Amb. Officer Pemment, seconded by Amb. Officer ?Ioreton, and supported by Staff-Sergt. Wilkinson. The same proposer and seconder also expressed thanks to Diy. Supt. E. D. Glover. DERRY.-Staff-Sergt. J. Hallam, one of the two remaining members of the Derby Division who joined on its formation in January, 1899, died suddenly at his home on ~1:arch 5th. Promoted sergeant in 1902 and staff-sergeant 1920. he \yas the Divisional drill in tructor for a number of years and had been vice-president of the N.CO.'s Mess, Derbyshire (South) Area for two years. He attended the review in Windsor Great Park in 1912 and held the long-service medal with three bars. Sergt. Hallam erved in the R.A .M.C from N ovemher. 1914. to March, 1919, and he was formerly sergeant in the 1st Volunteer Batt .. Derbyshire Regiment. Div. Supt. F. Grice. Amb. Officer A. J. Flux and thirty-two members of the Derby Division attended the funeral at the Notting-ham Road Cemetery, after a service at St. Augustine's Church. l\lembers of the NursingDivision paraded under Lady Amb. Officer Miss Arn01d. :'Iembers of various Divisions and ex-members of the Division also attended together with representatives of the British Legion and Salvation Army. Staff-Sergt. E. Bannister (Derby). Sergt. A. Spencer (Belper). Sergt. Kidd. CorpI. H. Farnsworth, CorpI. Whitaker and Pte. \V. I\Iason (Derby) acted as bearers. Floral tributes included those from the Division. Ambulance and Nursing. and many Associations. GOLDTHORPE.-On Saturday, February 18th, the annual competition for the "Soar" Challenge Cup was held by the Goldthorpe and Barnboro' Division. The competition took place in the Welfare Hall, Goldthorpe, and attracted an entry of twenty teams. Th e tests , team and individual, were prepared by the recently appointed County Surgeon, Dr. E. E. Dufty, of Maltby. Work performed by the various teams was of a fairly high standard and resulted in a tie between two of the teams. In an eliminating test, Altoft's West Riding Colliery No.1 took first place in the competition followed by vVakefield West Riding Police. These two teams tied with 308 marks in the original test. Wheldale Colliery came in third with 304! marks. Tn the individual tests six men tied for No.1, four for No.2, two for No.3, and five for No. 4. In an eliminating competition the results were as follows: No. J man , South Kirby S.J.A.B., 1st; No.2 man, Kilnhurst Colliery, 2nd: No. 3 man, Hickletol1 Main No.2, 3rd; No.4 man, Kilnhurst Col1iery, 4th . Choice prizes were g-ivcn tr, " f~e foregoing win-

A I D.

Ma rch, 1933 .

ncr and Ahoft's West Riding Colliery No.1 team holds the cup for the coming twelve months. The judging was carried out by Messrs. A. H olmes and J. Parkin for the test team, Messrs. J . Chambe rs, H . Purcell, J. Robinson) and D. Hill for the individual tests. These are local gentlemen who are very much interested in ambulance work, and they carried out the judging in a very efficient manner. The Secretary for the competition was Corps Sergt.Major Robert 11. Hargrave. In this he was assisted bv Officers and Members of the Goldthorpe and Barnborn' Division. LEEDs.-The annual social of the Leeds Corps was held on February 22nd, when about 300 members and their friends attended. Corps Supt. R. H. Baker in introducing the Chairman said that he knew that COllnci]Jor \Vilkinson needed no introduction Lo a large majority of those present as he was well known not only for his interest in the Brigade hut also for his connection with many organisations of the City dealing with the sick. Councillor Wilkinson, in a short address, said that he had attended against his doctor's orders, and regretted that he must leave early, but he felt that he must come to show his appreciation of the work done by the Brigade il1 Leeds. Corps Officer Ahbott proposed a hearty vote of thanks to Councillor Wilkinson and Mrs. Wilkinson for attending, and also for the practical way in which they had helped, and expressed the wish of all present that he would soon be restored to the best of health again. This was endorsed in a very enthusiastic manner by all present. District Officer Capt. T. Allen and Lady District Officer Mrs. Geldard, of the Midland Area, W.R. Yorks, was present and during the evening presented bars to the Brigade Service Medal to Supt. Barron, Supt. Ros . and the Brigade Seryice Medal to Lady Amb. Officer 1frs. Foster and Serg-t. Thrippleton. Amb. Officer NorthGower was unable to be present to receive his medal and bar. The first part of the evening was a prog-rammc given by numerous artistes. Corps Supt. Baker took the opportunity on behalf of a11 the members of the Corps to wish Div. Supt. C T. Speight and Mrs. Speight who had recently been married, long life, health, happiness and prosperity, and handed to them an inscribed fruit stand from the Officers of the Corps. During the interval refreshments. which had been arranged by the Lady Divisional Officers, were served by the Officers to a 11 present. The second part of the evening was composed ofg-ames and dancing- under the charge of Corps Officer Fenton, which were heartilv joined in by all, and included a demonstration of th'e Yo-Yo by Mr. Foster, the Yorkshire champion. The thanks and appreciation of the Officers and Members were expressed by Corps Supt. Baker to District Officer Allen and Lady District Officer Mrs. Geldard for the encouragement to the Corps by their presence, and for presenting the awards. District Officer Allen, in reply, said he was always pleased to do anything he could for the Leeds Corps, which was the largest Corps in the Midland Area. The Area appreciated the large amount of work they had done during the past year. Lady District Officer Mrs. Geldard also briefly replied. The arrangements for the social, which is held annually with the idea of giving an opportunity to the members of the twelve Ambulance and five Nursing Divisions of the Corps to get to know each other better, were made by the Corps Officers, Lady Div. Supt. Mrs. Mitchel1 and Div. Supt. Cousins. A most successful evening was brought to a dose about 11 p.m.

Ma rch, 1933.

FIRST

No. I X. District. EXETER.-The allll ual social and presentation of certificates of the Exeter Cadet Division was held on Thursday, February 23rd. . .. I?r. C N. Lovely (late Div. Surgeon, Exeter DIVISIOn) presented the certificates and also a special prize for the best attendance (presented by Sir Edgar Plummer) to Cadet Chard. Presenting the annual report Cadet Supt. Langmaid :-tatcd that fifLy-t\\o cases of first aid had been dealt with ::;eventy-four duties carried out; fourteen cadets attended camp during last August. The report of the Inspecting Officer (Col. H. Spackma~) was read by Dr: T. M. ~reece. It proved very satisfactory and most Items received the highest praise. D.r. Pr.eece expressed thanks to Sir Edgar Plummer for hIS prIze and to Dr. Lovely for presenting the awards. No. X. Dis trict. 13EccLEs.-At the annual meeting' of the Becc1es Di\'isio11, upt. W. C. \Valts, through whose initiative and enthu::;ia'm a. Division \\ as formed in Becdes six years ago, was presented with a Vellum Vote of Thanks of Order of 't. John in appreciation of his services. In making the presentation the Mayor of Beccles lMr. C. G. apier Trollope) explained that he was deputi ing for Dr. J. F. C Hossack, Commissioner, No. 10 District. Congratulating 11r. \Vatts he said that it was a high, hard won, and well-deserved honour. RespondinO", upt. \ atts said that when he started ambulance da'ses 1I1 the Y.l\l.CA. he never dreamed that within si." years Beccles would be in possession of a motor ambulance and a fully qualified Division. It was due to the keenness, enthusiasm, and loyalty of the members. .. Over se"Vlllty members, comprising the men's diVISion, nurses, boy al:d girl cadets, and bugle band! were on parade, and wcre In pected by Dr. L. B. Cam, of ~ungay, .who explained that he was there in three capacltle , uelng an honorary life member of the Order of St. J 0~11 0 f Jcrusakm, a Lieut-Col., Army l\Iedical Corps (1.A.), ~nd also Towl~ Reeve of Bungay. Referring to the ongl11 and early history of the Order, Dr. Cane said tha~ Just as it was a Suffolk man who made possible the revl\'al of the Order in England, so it was Divisions such as Becde that were keeping alive the spirit of the Order. T.he President (Mr. W. G. Roberts) said that the comnllttee felt ~hat a good many people were not fully aware of th~ kl11d of work they were doing, and they wanted to brl11g out more fully the claims they felt they had on the public. The Division had now its own headquarters, which were used six nights a week, five for classes and the other for recreation. The annual report was read by Mr. C Bennett (Secretary), who stated that financially the Division was sound and solvent. Members had attended football matches, carried out road duty, attended races regattas sports meetings and manned the ambulance ca; at ever~ turn-out, day or night. The ambulance had been out on 109 occasions am] had travelled 2,134 miles. Men had put in 192 hours and lh e nurses 85. S~tisfactory repo rts were given by the nurses, boy and gal cadets sections. NORWIOI.-At the first annual dinner of the Norwich Corps, the P resident (Mr. J. H. Dain, Chief Constable of Norwich) occupied the chair and amono' th~se present were the' Deputy Lord Mayo r (Mr. H . E~ Wltard), Lord and Lady Bury, M r. T. A. Cook, :M ..P.,

A I D.

231

County Surgeon Dr. W. E. Rutledge, Dr. and Mrs. Gentle, Dr. and Mrs. Sugden, Dr. and Mrs. Marriott Dr. and Mrs. Lincoln Hum, I?r. R. ]. Morley, County Officer W . H. Balls, Q.M. JarvIs, B.R.CS., representatives of the surrounding Divisions, and Mr. H. Barber (social Secretary), who was responsible for a briO'ht and succesh ful evening. Mr. Witard, in response to the toast "Lord i\1ayor and Corporation," submitted by the Chairman said the Corporation owed a debt of gratitude to the B~igade for the work done in a most efficien t and open-hearted manner. Supt. S. E. R. Scott presented the toast of "The President and Vice-Presidents," and spoke of the hio'h regard in which Mr. Dain was held by members of the Brigade. . Mr. -:r:. A. Cook, M.P., who acknowledged the toast, saId the St. ] ohn Ambulance, the Life Boat Institution a~d. the Volunteer Fire Brigades constituted the greatest tnmty of useful work carried on in England to-day. He spoke of the useful work being done by first aid road patrols. and in other directions. Mr. Cook also gave a short hIstory of The Order of St. ] ohn and in conclusion hoped the Korwich Corps would go fro~ strength t~ trength. "The Norwich Corps" was submitted by Dr. W. E. Rutled~e, who mentioned that the Corps consisted approx1mately of 100 members) including three Divisions, t~o. ~or m~n and one . f?r. women, and the ?\ursing Dlvlsl.on, Wlt~ another DIVISIOn on the point of being orgamsed agal11. Dr. W. L. Hum, in reply, said that since he had been working with the Lads' Club and the ursinO" Division he had come to realise how much they owed t~ the firstaider~. The r~~ults they got were extremely good, not only m competitIOn but in meeting emergency cases. He ha~ ~ome across sO.me of the best jobs in the way of splmtmg and first-aId work by members of the Brigade. Other toasts were "The Officers," given by Dr. R. H. Morley and replied to by Mr. S. E. R. Scott and "Th~ Visitors," presented by Mr. S. Harper, Dr. Gentle replymg. The Essex County Cup competitions took place at Dunmo\\' on Saturday, March 4th. Dr. Bree judged the team test and Dr. Edwards the individual. Mr. H. Langley] ones, the County Commissioner and donor of the cup, presented the trophy to the winninO' team, after having announced the results which were ~ 1, Colchester, 191 points; 2, \Vivenhoe, 190' 3 Harlow 165; 4, Chelmsford, 157. ' , , Both doctors gave criticism and advice on the work done, which on the whole, had been well done. M~. Langley Jones, in thanking the judges, said it ~ave h1m great pleasure to find the competition so popular m the county. He thanked the Dunmow Division for their hospitality, and Amb. Officer Floyd for undertakinO' the arduous duties of secretary to the competition. b --_. - .----

Owing to heav)" pressure on space, many inlerl'!>ting letters, e'C. , have been held O\'er until the .\.pril issue. Tbe Boy and Girl Cadet of TO . 2 District, S. J .A.B., recently held a concert at Chri"t Church Institute to start a fund to provide medical comforts for the sick poor. "THE PLUMBER I s.

« JOURNAL OF

HEATING, "

monthly) is THE paper for all progressive trade .· men - Publishing OffIce: ,.6. Cannon Street E.C.~.

FIR S T

232

A 10.

March, 1933.

Przory for Wales. INCREASING A~lBlJLANCE TRAN PORT

TEEDS,

A report submitted to the Ambulance Committee on

February 27th on the past year' \yorking of the Motor Ambulance Transport Service sho\\'ed that ,070 cases \\'ere carried in the Priory Ambulances during 1932 invoh'ing a total mileage of 166,446-an increase of 594 cases and 24,633 miles on the figures for 1931. Each year since the establishment of the Service the call upon the cars has grown; and, notwilhstanding the adyer e effect of industrial ccnditions in the coalfield a greaLer number of owners and workmen are affiliating year by year. There are no\\' 37 companies covering 44,829 m n subscribing to the scheme; and 79 Lodges and other bodies of workmen \-yith an aggregate membership of 2,417 affiliated, in addiLion to which o\'er one thou£and people are contributing as outside subscribers. A membership scheme is being- worked up in the Canton di trid of Cardiff, \\'here already o\'C'r six hundred householders are paying- at the rate of one penny per week for a free call on the Service for the removal of the subscriber and his dependents in case of accident or sickness. It speaks well for the benefits ot the scheme that, following the closing of collieries, the workmen in many cases haye decided to continue their membership as outside subscribers after the termination of the six months' free call on the service extended by the Priory to the unemployed. The folJo\Ying is a summary of the remO\'als undertaken during 1932 ;Mileage. Cases. Station. 5,812 214 Ammanford (Accident Car) 20,473 1,020 Ammanford 3,753 220 Bryn 11,816~ 1,131 Cardiff 8,747451 Coedel)' 174 3,453iCrosskeys 14,671513 Cwmllynfell 14,390 470 Cymmer 764 17,606 Gwaun-Cae-Gurw~J1 7,243 338 Kenfig Hill 323 4,867~ Llanbradach 9,884 47-!Llanelly 7,387 310 Pencoed 11,007 580 Pontardulais 258 4,762 Pontypridd 20,573 830 Tumble

166,446 Total 8,070 The Committee approved a list of sixty-t\VO appointments in the Brigade including that of Lad)' Bradney, wife of the Commissioner for Monmouthsnire, Sir Joseph Bradney, as Lady Staff Officer; and sanctioned the registration of the following new Divisions ; Abercrave Lower Ambulance and Penrhos Cadet Ambulance (Brecknockshire Centre), Abergavenny ursing and Blackwood Cadet Ambulance (10nmouthshire Centre), Briton Ferry and Cwmavon Nursing- and Gelligaer Cadet Ambulance (Glamorgan County Centre), and 1aindy and Eastern o. 1 Cadet Ambulance (Rhondda Borough Centre). The nomination of Major A. W. Anderson, M.B., Ch. B., at the invitation of the Surgeon-in-Chief of the Brigade, Col. C. 1. Ellis, C.M.G., T.D., M.D., to act as one of the J udges in the Final Brigade Competitions in London, on June 2nd, was confirmed. A report was presented on the Ambulance Classes organised in connection with Unemployed Training and

Social entre ; and it wa agreed to encourage such classeS with a view to enable the world s to transform enforced idleness into well-directed leisure. A nUIll ber of Brigade Surgeons and Honorary Life Members of the Priory ha\'e undertaken to give their sen'lces gratuitously in this connection, and where necessary the Priory is assisting in the equipment of the classes. A vote of sympathy wa ' pa "sed to the relati\'cs ()f the late Lieut.-Colonel O. 'Watts l\ [organ, D . . 0., :\1. P., chairman of the Borough of Rhondda Centre of the Priory. The arrangements in connection with the approaching visit of the Prior, H. R. H. the Prince of \\'Hles wer referred to a sub-coIllmittee, consisting of :\, r. 1,. G. I<~. J. Fudgl" Professor George Knox, l\ 1r. JamE's .-\. \\'iison, ;\11'. R. \\'ilson Bartlett, l\1r. T. E. Smith, and. uch other memhers a the Principal Secretary (the Hon . J t11m ] I. BrucL') ck"irl'd tn co-opt. PRESENTATION OF ,\WARDS ,\1 NELSlll'.. The annual social evening and presentation l1f Cl\\ ard" in connection with the l\elson .\mbulance and l\'ur~ing Di\ isions took place at the Unionist Hall, 0:elson, on Saturda), February 25th, when there was an excellent attendance, d\.'spite the adverse weather conditions, which were responsibk for the abEence of the Hon. J olm H. Bruce and guests fml11 other towns and \'illages. i\1 r. Harry Le\\ is presided, and was su pported by Dr. R. 11. Terry, J. P., and :'II r". Terr) , :\Ir. v\ m. Humphreys, J. P., Councillor. . II. Da\'ies and T. Le\\'is, Rev. Henry Jone , Re\·. D. :\1. Dmies, \lr'i. I~ . :'Ilorgan, Mis Annie Hambley, C()rps ecretar.\ O\\'l'n J. Hughes, Supt. Arthur Farrant, Lad) 'upt.:\1 is'i E. UshoJ'l1l', Lady Ambulance Officer l\[issJoyce Terry, .\mbulancl' Oflitl'l John Hadley, Cadet upt. J. E. Da\ ies, Di\. Tlca-. un'r Edgar ;'[organ, and Di\,. ecretar)" Sam Ilug-he,>. In the Illuch regretted absence of the Com111i..,..,ioner k)r "'ales, Irs. Terry presented the warrants of appointment tn the following :-Lady Supt. j\li s E. Osborne, Lady Amh. Officer Miss Terry, Lady Store Keeper Irs . .\. ,\Iorgan, Cadet Supt. John E. Dmies and Cader Onicer T. L. E\an . Mrs. E. l\Jorg-an distributed the a\\ard to the .\l1lbulance Division, and ursing members recei\ eel their at the hands of the Rev. D. 1\1. Davies and the Rev. Henry Jones. On behalf of the two Division, Ir. Edt;ar 1·,Jorgan presented Dr. R. H. Terry with a leather travelling case, a~ a small token of the esteem in which he was held and ill appreciation of his sen·ices. In responding, Dr. Terry recalled the facts that he had spent 25 years in Nelson and had been connected with ambulance work for 40 years. Miss Annie Hambley presented the report of the audit, which she and Mrs. T . Phillips had made, of the accounts of the Nursing Division showing a balance of 5 . 2d. She pointed out that during the year the Division had attended 50 cases and had lent 216 articles from the ledical Comforts Depot, and congratulated the Storekeeper on h r efficient work. The accounts of the Ambulance Di\'ision we,e presented by Councillor T. Lewis, who said that he and 1\1r. W. Percy Thomas had found everything in perfect order. The receipts for the year amounted to £100 65. 8d., and the expenditure to £59 1s. 11d., leaving a balance in hand of £41 4s. 9d. The great need cf the ambulance movement in Nelson, he said, was a hall of its OWI1, and he hoped that this amhition would be realised in the near future. Divisional Secretary Sam Hughes, said that during the year member. of the Division had auended 236 cases, 25 of which were' road accidents, 15 having beell removed to hospital. They had also been in attendance at two fata l accidents, and in addition had rendered 11rst aid at 450 colliery accidents.

F (R S T

March, 1933.

f\~IBlJLAN C ~: D ,\y Xl' BLACKWOOD. ]n connection with the an'lual distribution of prizes to members of the local Di\ ision, the lIon. John H. Bruce \'lsited Blackwood on i\larch 4th, when he was welcomed by Councillor R. Lanagan, J. P., Chairman of Bedwellty Council, who \\ as accompanied by Councillors H. Latchem and W. II. IIarri-.. The oiTiccrs and men of the Division formed up at the Square in IIigh-street to salute the Commissioner for \Vales, ",ho made an inspection of the i-lmbulrtnce box and equipmcn l. ,\ftef\\ards the Di,ision proceeded to the Church ITall, where tea \I'a.., pro\·ided. ,\ public meeting, at which Councillor S. Ciarland, J. P., presided, followed. Among those prc'ient \\'ere Councillor :'frs. 1\L A. Booth, the Re\·. J. l)"croft Jonl's, Vicar of Blackwood, Lad) Corps Officcr l\frs. :\'elllls, Corp" Sll pL J. Leach, CC1rp'i Surg-eon Dr .. \. L. r:\ ans, (\)(")1" ~~'\re tary J. C. B~dg-l', Di\isional Supl'>. I~i'\'n ln \\'illiall1-. alld F. Dix. - TI;L' C0Il11lli .. ..,il11lL'r fl11" \\'ale ... in an inc;pirin~ Rddress ... ;lid lw lH1pcd Illerl' \\'l111Id Ill' a ..,trong- Illu'>ter of the Islwyn Cnrp-. tll1 the lK("a .. il)i) l)f the \ isit of the Prin ce of \\'alc'i to C.lrdilr and al till' inspection on \Ia} 20th at Tredegar Park 11\ till' Chid Ctlml11i~sil)ner, Gl'I1l'ral . ir John Duncan, K.C.H., C.'! C., D.S.O. Hl' sl10ke l)f the \York of the l)r(kr and tilL' progrl'-''iin \\orJ.: in "'ales during the last ('I.:ntllrl', rL'markint:" that to-day, in \\'ales alone, there \\ere 15.()(l()- silldl.'nl.., training- ilnnuall~, and ..,inC(~ 1918, 60,000 »er"'11i1" had lJLlalitied. \\·.lI1;[n[... 11f appoilltl11ll11 \\l.rl' presented to . llpl. Hrvnle\ \\'illi lIllS, \mhul :lIll'L' OITiler \\'. C. Iknnett, Sl'rgt. 1.;;...... Ill;Ul, C)I p,l1ill R. I) ,l\ il's, Cnrpt)ral L. \\'hite, Store"l'l'Pll R. IT. \ulland , and \)i\i"il1nal Sl'crL'lar~ l\fr. Barney \1 <l!.!,l1irl'.

Rev iews . flY<",ll ~ \,I~

Fl)\{ \'CRSES .

B.\ ]. C;uy, \1.]) .. F.R.C.P. ( I~din.), and G. J. I. Linl-:\atl'r, \1. I)., \1. R.C. P. (Edin.). l~dinhLlrg-h ; J~ . , .. ~. Li\ ing"tt11ll'.

A 10.

233

among all Association students, and especially among those members of Nursing Divisions who give their services in hospitals.

A Rolls ... Royce Saloon Ambulance. TIl E accompan yi ng illustrations are photographs of the in terior of a Roll- Royce Saloon Am bulance built by Messrs. Woodall Nicholson, Ltd., the well-known carriage and motor body builders, of Horton-street, Hal ifax, to the order of the Settle

(Yorks.) and District i'.Iotor Ambulance Comm ittee. , ., t' Special care has been taken for ample ventilation without draughts. The folding chairs can be adjusted to several different positions, whilst the stretchers have adjustable positions controlled by a handle. A tip-up washbasin is fitted, also thermos flask, tum biers, towel and rail, etc., all in Rush-fitting cupboards, The interior lighting has

Pril l' 5S'

It is all a..,tl1ni .. hing f;\l'l lhat IJ1l1ut.:"h II}g-iene, the science or llL'alth and ih maintenancl', \\'a~ introduced into till' syllahu,> t1f the. l. JI)hn .\mhulance .\"socialion in 1895, it has n(,\'l'r e:-.tahlishL'd itself as a 11t1pular 'iubject amongamhulance -.luJl'nh l'\ L'n thout.:"h the J j ygiene certificate is acel'pLed a.., part ljualilicalit1n for till' medallion. Pl'rhap'" this is in some measure due to the fact that 111ll'it tl'"thook.., fail tt1 attract ];q folk because the\' lay too much stresS 011 the comlllunal a~pects of H)'~iene, -na.;lely, sewage s) ..,telllS, \n!ler supplie~ and ~o on. In this excellent tl'"thouk the second edition of \\'hich ha just been published, the authors, \\ riting from wide range of experience, conCl'nt late nil the I [ygiC'ne of the Individual as compared with the Communal. To do this, thc), sl'l out in pleasant fashion the es ential facts in two parts, the first of ",hich deals with personal hygicne, food, internal and ext rnal parasites and comillunicable diseases, and the sL'cond with the house, air, ventilation, heating, lighting-, \\'ate r and sewage disposal. In addition, the) include some useful and interesting- appendices which, among other things, tabulate the notifiable diseases FInd detail the component parts and percentages of anilllRI and wgetahle foods. In brief, the book attains its object ; and, though primarily intended as a handbook for trained nurses preparing- for their professional examination, its excellence alike in preparation and subject matter ought to make it popula

a dimming device, and the rear stps are illuminated automatically by the opening of the rear doors. There are four doors, exclusive of the rear doors, and a dictograph has been fitted . The illustrations show clearly how the chairs can be shifted, and also the fittings behind the driver's partition .

F IRS T

A I D.

larch, 1933.

Razlway A l11bulance N e'ws. Inter- Railway Ambulance Competition. The preliminary Cl) lllPCl i lil11l (to elect a team to rcpre!:>cnt the ungrouped railways in the final round of the interrailway contest) i' being held at the St. John Ambulancc A!:>sociation Headquarters, St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, on Friday, ::'.larch 31st, when Dr. F. E. Bendix, of London, will be the adjudicator. Entrie ' for this preliminary competition ha\'e been recei\'ed from the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway, the Cheshire Lines Committee, the l\1etropolitan Railway, and the Southern and London :'Ilidland and Scottish Joint Railways (Somerset and Dorset). It will be rE'called tha t the preliminary competition was last year won by the :'Il etropolitan Ra ilway, who subsequently obtained fouth position in final competition \\'ith the group railways. The Judges in the final competition, \\'hich ",ill be held at the \Vharncliffe Rooms, Great Central Hotel, l\larylebone Road, London, on i\lay 24th, will be Dr. K. H. Beverley, of \Vorsbro' Dale, Barnsley; Dr. F. C. Cozens, of Herne Bay; and Dr. S. Hamilton, of Ncwport, 1\lon.

London and North Eastern . NORTH-EASTERN AREA.

The District competitions are now on the way and tha t fo r the D a rling ton District was held on I\larch 8th, a t D a rlington, when Dr. J. D. Leigh, Sunderland, and Dr. \V. Y eates, North Shields} judged the contest. After a careful t est Ca pt. Geo. Jackson, General Secretary, a nnounced th e r esults: 1, Korth Road vVorks, 242; 2, F erryhill, 329; 3, Shildon " A," 279; 4, Shildon "B," 278; 5, \Vask erley, 275. 1\Ir. T . B. Hare (District Supt.), presided and Mrs. H a re hand ed the District Shield to the winners, wishing th em further success. Amongst others present were: l1r. H . Bell, Loco. Supt.; Dr. W. J. Payne, Darlington; Dr. J. Aickin, Ferryhill; Councillor S. Hardwick, District Ch airman; 1Ir. S. Cooper, District Secretary; Mr. J. \\-illis, Harl esden; l\1r. G. H. Oakes, Hull, etc. The Newcas tle District competition was held in the Gateshead Institute on l\1arch 11 tho Dr. H. Fallows, Redca r ; and Dr. E. J. Burnett, acted as judges. Capl. Ge o. Jackson announced the results, the first three places lJein g occupied by 1, Tyn e Dock" A," 263; 2, Tyne Dock B," 224; 3, Newcastle Central, 213. Police Supt. J. Rodgers presented the shield to the winners. Mr. A. W. Fiddian, District Supt., thanked the judges for their arduous labours and Mr. H. A. Butcher, Stationmaster, thanked Supt. Rodgers. Among the large audi ence were Dr. J. D. Leigh, Sunderland; Dr. W. Y eates} North Shields; Dr. Pallett, Wylam; Dr. Spunt, Tweedmouth; Mr. W. H. Dickinson, I.

Duck Engineer; 1\11'. L. B. Balluw} Di trict Supt., SUlldcrland; Mr. VV. H. Greaney, Dock Supt.; l\1r. R. Sprote, Asst. Dock Supt.; Mr. T. C. Humphrey, Mr. G. Murray, District Chairman; Mr. A. E. Armstrong, District Secretary, and others. The final for the kl1ock-out ambulance competitiull arranged by Mr. James Burrows, of Tyne Dock, for the second year was decided in the L. and .E.R. Ambulance Room, Forth Banks} Newcastle. There wa a good attendance, including l\1r. E. F. \Vilkinson, District Passenger Manager, and Mrs. Wilkinson; Mr. G. J acksol1, General Secretary; Mr. A. E. Armstrong, District Secretary; and others. The final was between Jewcastle Cen t ral Class Team and Newcastle Audit Class "B" Team, and the j udg-e was Dr. Bellwood Farrar, of South Shields. The C0111 peting teams gained 190 marks each, which caused a til'. The judge then gave the captain and the patient of each team a few questions, with the result that ewcastlL: Audit" B " Team gained a total of 222 marks and 1 ewcastle Central a total of 218. Mr. E. F. Wilkinson presented the shield to th e winners, congratulated them on a fine performance, and encouraged them to continue in the noble work of first aid. He also spoke of the good work which 11r. Jame Burrows, of Tyne Dock L.N.E.R. Ambulance Class, had done for first aid, and of his efforts in holding this competition.

F I R ST

March , 193.3 .

COll1petitlOil at Leeds Oll that day. Thl: Chairman also expr,e ssed his thanks to Mr. Harvey for arranging the competi tion. On hebalf of the competitors, Mr. C. W. Waygoocl seconded the vote of thanks to Col. Brooks, not only for acting as judge, but for the fair way in which he had ca rried out his duties. Votes of thanks were also passed, on the motion of ~Ir. IIarvey, to those who had acted as patients and timekeepers, to Mr. Winder, who had had charge of the storcs, and to the ladies, who prepared tea in the interval. The men comprising the first three teams are all J1lemhers of No. 107 (York RoacI, L.N.E.R.) Divisioll, ~.J.i\.13.

Thl: \Vcst Riding- (Ll: ~ u!:> U1Slrict) Ambulance CUllljlltitiol1 \Va ' held in the People's Hall, Leeds, on Tuesday, .\larch 7th, when eight teams from Lofthouse, Leeds Central, Arcbley Traffic, Ardsley Loco., Ardsley Shops, Hatley, Bradford Goods} and tanningley Shops competed for the Di trict Officer's Shield, the "Crowther" and .' Read" UP">. Drs. G. II. L. Hammertoll and R. \\ . .Il1hh, Dewsbury, wcrl the judg-es and the Leeds (\ nt ral team ag-ain won the Officer's Shield; Lofthouse l hl''' rtlwther" Cup, and the Ardsley Traffic team the. .. Rlad" Cup. These were presentecI by Mr. R. \V. ,\lalthc\\ . , the G. . entre Pre idcnt. at the the close of the competition, which was "itnes cd by a large crowd of int erested . pectators. ~rr. T. Smith and Mr. G. Jackson, I he G.:-.r. and ~ .E. Ccntre Secrdaries, al 0 attended. Mr, D. Gracie, District upt. , was thc hairman of the pru ceedings.

Great Western.

SOUTHER:\ AREA.

G. N. SECTIO

The competition, open to teams in the Lonuon District, G.N. Section, was held at Culross Hall, King 's Cross, on Tuesday, March 7th. Lt.-Col. F. A. Brook, M.D.} kindly acted as judge for both team and individual tests. Mr. Sparks, Supt. Loco. Dept.} King's Cross, took the chair at the end of the competition, and asked Mr. H. W. Harvey, the London District (G.N. Section) Secretary, to announce the results, which were as follows: 1, King's Cross Goods, 189 marks; 2, Finsbury Park, 152!; 3, King's Cross, 131; 4, Loco. Dept., King's Gross, 115. The winning team} consisting of Messrs. C. W. Waygood, S. C. Dearmer, R. W. Osgathorp, H. S. Barnes and G. Packe, were then presented with the "Liddell Steele" Bowl. This is the fifth successive year that a team from King's Cross Goods has won this trophy. Col. Brooks congratulated all the teams on their excellent work. He welcomed those who had competed for the first time that afternoon, and hoped that they had all learned something from the tests. He emphasised the importance of giving the proper words of command for the stretcher work, and urged them all to work more quickly in the individual tests in future. He ended by congratulating the winning team, and wishing them every success in the next stage of the railway competitions. Capt. W. Goodley, M.e, proposed a hearty vote of thanks to the judge on behalf of the competitors, and to Mr. Sparks for acting as chairman. To these Mr. Sparks suitably responded, at the same time expressing the regrets of Mr. T. Smith, the Centre Secretary, at his unavoidable absence, he having been obliged to attend a

( J. \\". R . . \.\IBt..:L \:-.CE.

The follu\\,ing l~illl1S ha\'c obtained premier positions in the lirst round (di\'isiollal contl'-'ts), and han! thereby llualifit' u for ll1l: semifin al competiLion, \\ hich is being held on ~Jarch 27th, 2 ' lh, 30th and J1st in London, Binninglwl11, Bri!:>tol and Ncwport respecli\cl). The Judges in the semi-finallompetilioll are Dr. J. II. :'Ilaclean, ;\1. B. (London) and Dr. \\T. J. Crawford ( ~ outhall). The eig-ht team securinl{ the hig-hest marks in the cmi-Ilnal round will compete ill the final contest to he held at Padding-ton on ,\pril 28th, for the Directors' Challent;'e Sl1 ield, Carvell 'up and further prizes. Divi ion London .\ London 1-3 Swindoll Bristol.-\ Bri tol 13 Excter Plymoulh NewporL A Newport 13 Cardiff Swansea Gloucester Worcester Birmingham Chester Central Wales South Wales Docks

'\)\II'ETllIO;-\S,

.-\chanccd lass outh Lambeth Slough windon (Bo\\,n's team) Pilning \\'e) mouth Taunton Liskeard Newport (Dock St.) Pontypool Rd.

1lJ33.

Beg-inner's 'las Padddingloll loug-h Swindon (Hyde's tcam) Radstock \VcYlllouth ewton Abbot Truro Newport (East Usk.) Pontypool Rd. (Loco.) Cardiff, Newtown Fochriw Landorc Llanell), Goods Purton Hel-eford vVorcester Kiddermin tcr Stourbridge J ct. Solihull Shrewsbury Loco. \Vrexham Trawscoed Barmouth J ct. Swansea Docks Port Tal bot Docks

A I D.

235

London, Midland and Scottish. CARLIsLE.- Sixtecn teams cumpeted in the No. 2..j. District Ambulance competition of the L.M. & S.R., which ~as held at Carlisle. The teams were drawn fr0111 Carlisle, Lockerbie and various centres in Scotland. Dr. Crawford Aitken} Carlisle; Dr. G. R. Livingstone, Dumfries; and Dr. E. B. ::\1unro} Dumfries} were the adj udicators. The prize-winners were: 1, Moss End No.1, 256 marks; 2, Lockerbie, 247; 3, Motherwell No.1, 244. Mr. W. Bell} District Goods and Passenger Manager, Carlisle, who presided, said he was pleased to tell them that during the past year they had only some four fatal accidents to fare-paying passengers on the railway. This was a very small proportion of the people carried on the railways. In the examinations in ambulance work in 1932 as many as 11,000 passed. The I\1<.yor of Carlisle commended the ambulance work on the railways. He took that opportunity as :\1ayor of saying how pleased he was to see so many L.M.S. servants taking advantage of the ambulance classes and of saying that it was exceedingly kind of the doctors to gin instruction in ambulance work. COATBRIDGE.-The annual sucial and dance was held last month, Ex-Provost Irvine being in the chair. The certificates and medallions were presented to the successful members by Dr. Thomson, Class Lecturer. ~Ir. ]. Cairns, in the name of the Section} presented Dr. Thomson with a blood pressure gauge in recognition of hIS services, and Commandant Russell made Nurse Kirk the recipient of a lady's dressing case for her assistance in the class work. LANCASTER, MORECAJ.'-Il.BE A>'<D HEYSHAM.-A competition for a challenge cup, given by the travellers of the Bradford and Leeds coach, and medals by l1rs. Davies and l\1r. Yardley, was held on February 18th. Owing to an accident to Dr. McKinney, Dr. Hog-garth judged and placed the teams as follows: 1, ::\Iorecambe; 2, Heysham; 3, Lancaster " B " ; 4, Lancaster cc A." 1\1r. F . G. 1'. Adams, District Engineer, presided and presented the awards and thanked the donors on behalf of the L.::\I.S. company. l\Ir. Davies moved a vote of thank to the Chairman, doctor and patients. Mr. Holt, on behalf of the competitors, thanked the committee for their interest in the event. SOUTlIPORT.-Twelve teams entered the First Division competitions of the No. 17 District, which werl: hdd on Thursday, March 2nd. The judges were Dr. Lawson Russell and Dr. Unsworth. The challenge cup, presented by l\Ir. G. C. Lazenby, hie£ Assistant in the L.l\I. . Labour Department, London, was handed by him to the winners. He remarked that if they adopted as their motto, "L.l\L . Let me serve," the ambulance 1110Yement could not fail to flourish. The results were: 1 and cup: Horwich Boiler Shop, 197 points; 2, Springs Branch Loco., "B," 193~; 3, Springs Branch Loco.} 191 ~ points. In the second Division competitions held on I\Ia.rch 3rd, ten teams competed, the judges being Dr. R. Clegg and Dr. G. B. Horrocks. . Mr. ]. Harrison, Stationmaster, Chapel Street} Southport, presided at the distribution of awards and paid tribute to the services of Mr. e J. Wood} the District Secretary, and to the medical gentlemen.

FIR S T

236

In the 1I11ayoidable absence of 1:1rs. Harrison, f-,Irs. Horrocks pre ented the awards, as follow : 1, and shield, Plodder Lane Loco., 163; 2, Bamfurlong, lSn: 3, \Vigan C'. Engineers, 157. The company's certificate of merit was presented by Dr. Clegg to :\Ir. A. Potter. a young igllal-box man. of Damfllrlong. ,ome months ago in the early holUs of the morning :\Ir. Potter was on duty in his signal-box \\"hen he heard a cry 1r0111 out ide. He discoycred that another _ig11al n1al1 had been knocked down. and he ,,' ellt to hi assistance. He found one leg was badly severed and that he was suffering from severe head injuries . ::\1r. Paller rendered first aid, telephoned to \Vigan Station for the ambulance. and \\"hen the doctors later examined the patient they found there \yas no need to interfere with the first aid work of ~Ir. Palter. The official report . tated that it was more than likch- that the first aid n 'ndcrecl sayed the man's Ii [e. " - -- - .

- . - - --

'oliee j\mbulance News. ~.-\ TfO:\ .\L

POLICE .-\~1 Be L.-\:\'CE CO~lPETITIO~.

"\\'ELL

D01\E,

~[ON;\IOl·THSII1RE.

~ine teams, winners of the eli1l1in<'lting- compeLiLions, met at the ~lidland Grand Hotel, London, on Tuesday, February 21st, to compete for the" Pill1" Challenge Cup and for indi\'idual prizes presented hy the St. John Ambulancc ,\ ssociation. Dr. X. Corhet Fletcher, :\L B., judg-ed the team test and ); o. 1, and Dr. D. \V. A. Bull, 1\1. D., Nos. 2, 3, -f and 5. Throughout the day the work done by the competitors was followed by an enthu iastic and critical audience, and here \\"e might mention one thing which many remarked ~pon. The accommodation for visitors was yerv poor 1I1deed, only tho e in the first three rows being able to see clearly all that the competitors were doing. It is to be hoped that different arrangements wiJ) be made for the 19l-f finals. The team test \,-as realistically staged, but it "'as a pity that the" snow-storm" contri\'ance was not in working order, owing to unforseen circumstances, as the dropping of confetti from above did not convey much to some competitors. The" bull" was well acted and played its part well. Col. J. T. \\'. Perowne, Registrar of the Order of St. John, presided at the presentation of prizes. It \\"as anrlOunced by Sir Perci\'al 'Wilkinson, Secretary-General of the Order, that owing to illness, the :'I1arquess of Crewe was unable to be present. The chairman voiced the thoughts of all present when he stated that a worthy substitute had been found in Sir Hugh Turnbull, Commissioner of the City of London Police, \\'ho had taken the Marquess of Crewe's place at short notice. In a short speech Sir Hugh said that e\'ery year the work of the tE'ams improved. The value of competition \\'ork could not be over-estimated. He also sug-gesteJ thaL the Ord~r of St. John might endeavour to introduce into the curriculum of puhlic and secondary schools first aid training. Sir Perci\'al \\'ilkinson then announced the results as follo\\"5 :1, Monmouthshire Constabulary, 405 ; 2, \Vest Sussex Constabulary, 364i; 3, Liverpool CiLY Police, 352 4 \Volverhampton Borough Police, 344; 5, Metropolitan

Police (Y Di\'.), 327; 6, York hire (West J>ic.ling) Constabulary, 320l; 7, Plymouth City Policc, 302~; fl, Durham onstabu lary, 28 k ; 9, Cambridgeshirt' Constabulary, 283~. For the second time in succes. ion IOIllllouthshirc Constabulary secured the coveted po. ition, whilst \\ 'cst us ex Con tahulary again occupied llll' runIlers· up position, ;t posiLion they have occupied on Lhree prc\ ious occasions. The team tesL and marking sheet Wfl. flS follows: TE.\~I C.\Rn Of" INSTRCCTlON

TEST.

" ,\ "

(gi\'el1 to Nos. 2,3, ill1c.l 4).

On a cold winter's day you arc in the policl' station of a small country to\\'n and are expecting 1\'os. 1 and 5 to join you shortly . You hm'e ample first aid equipment flnd a tl'll:ph{1ne ; and you kno\\' thaL to-day there is a . ale of cattll' in tIll' market square at the otlwr' end of thl' t(1\\'11 ; that an <lmhlllanc~ is stationed at the ho. pital, \\' hich is closl' It) tIll' market square; and Lhat at this hOllr hoth the ILK;! I dnclnrs arc aL the hospital. YllU Illust not take an\ acti(1n unlil \(lll are called. Time allowed for te~t, 20 milll;ll's. " CARD OF INSTRL' CT10K "B" (gi\"en to

TO.

FIRST

March , 1933.

March , 1933 .

A I D.

Rapidly expose Lhe wound of rig-ht arm Ask characLer of wonnc.l (lacerated) ; if clean (yes) If foreign bodics (no) ; colour of blood (bright red) If spurting (vigorou I)' when pressure relaxec.l) Im!l1ediatcly apply tourniquet to arm ext cxamine kg- ; fee l clothing (damp) ... Ask if Cllll1peLitor's hands bloodstainec.l (yes) Rapidly ~lnc.l Rently pull up troLlser .\..,k patient if he CHn raise leg (no) If any swelling (Illarkec.l, middle of shafL) If \\ound (O\er libia): its character (inci<;ed) If foreign ho:lies (no) ; if ohvlOu ly dirty (no) \IIOUI" of blood (red) ; how it now (OOZCS) If the fragments of hone protruc.lc (n\)) .\sk if an) :o.hnrtening of the IC1.f (nLl) l~xalllil1(' fM injuries to fihula (nonc) 11l1lllec.liately take st ps to control fOOL I~nicil'ncy of examination for fut ther injuries IIeau. trunk. spint', HnJ other limbs (none)

-+ -+ 4

237

A 10. Secure by balldages abo\'e and below fracture J ust above the knee; round both ankles .. . Finally fix both knees by broad bandage .. . Ask as LO face, pu lse, breathing (no change)

2 -f

2 3

TRANSPORT ANn AFTER-CARE OF PATIE 'T.

Decide remove patient to station promptly Method of testing and placing stretcher ... Loading, carrying, and lowering stretcher General observation and attendance to comfort Consoling words; blankets; sips of cold water Report to doctor history, treatment D iagnosis: shock, wound of brachial arl€'rr And compound fracture of right leg , Efficiency and co-operation of team Gross total

-f 4

15 -+ 6 -+ 4 4 10

250

1).

On a cold winLer's day your companions an' at I Ill' police staLion of a small coulltry town, \\'h rc YOU are ah(llli Lo join them. \\'hen you are 100 rflrd~ from till' ..,lfltion ) l)U observe TO. 5 coming towards you and decide to wait for him. At thi moment you notice that a hull which \\':\.., being led to market is rushing- down the stleet anc.l that ~o. 5 is tretching out his arms as if to stop the <lnimal. You know that the market. quare and hospital (at which an ambulance is stationed) arc aL the opposite end of the town. You must not mO\'e until the patient is on the gnlllnd, and the judge tells you to act. Time allo\\·C'c.l. 20 Illinllll's, beginning ",hen the bull enters. NOTES FOR JL'nc.E.

Divide stage into police station and ~In'l'l. Place Xo. 1 at front of sta~e, remind him that hL' is 100 \arc.ls from tIll' station, stand by hilll Lill the pfltienL is on tl;c gn l L1nd, flnt! then tell him to act. Place No.5 at opposite end of fronL of stag-c, hm ingpre\"iously Illarked on him a wounc.l il1\olving ri~hl hrachial artery in lower third of arm and a rompound fracLurl' ()f right leg. Tell him to face bull with oULstretched arms and to fallon his back when it touches him. ,\rrang"e for assistant to slip under his rig-ht arm a bri~ht red palch simulating arterial blooc.l. Arrange also (1) that entry of hull fr0111 back of sL;tge shall start the test; (2) that bull shall lea\ c staO"C illlllll'c.liaLely after accidel1C; (3) that 6 minuLes from ent;) of bull a snowstorm shall develop; (-f) that remainder of team shall be released from station 3 minutes after the alarm is sounded' ~Ild (5) that one of the docLors shall arri\e flS test is nearin~ Its end and take report. A TION. Prompt advance; leave at first as found Recognise urgency of arterial bleedingTest if conscious (patient replies forthwith) Tactful and consolaLory words to patient Immediately exclude fracture of humerus And digitally cOlllpress brachial arLery Test result by a>king if bleeding stopped Summon remainder of the team by whistle .\fter due consideration ot circumsLances Keep up pressure till teall1 arrives on spot hIMEDTr\TE

flug'h Turnbull,

5 :)

'2 .)

5 2 -~

ollllllissioner Cit}' of Lonuoo Police, pre "enLing the "Pim" Trophy to ;\ronmouthshir~ olhtahulary, winners of the Police

i\sk as Il) facc, pul e, bre[llhing (no change) Scnc.l t.Ll sLaLion to 'phone doctor and ambulance (2 mlnuLes). Judge:" Ambulance is out and \\'ill COllle when possible. Doctor will come pre ently." TREATMENT OF

EXA:V1INATION OF PATIE'T.

,\sk patient where pain (right arm and leg) Test left pulse ("veak) ; feel skin (cold) Note face (becoll1ing pale) ; brcathing 'shallow)

\')il

PATIENT.

In view of wintry \\'cather hasten LreaLment And complete after rc 111 O\'a I Lo station Loosen clothing at neck anc.l waist; cO\'e'r' '\\,arm!\ ..:\Ri\1.-Apply iodine to fingers, wound, and skin . Clean dry dressing, pad of cotton woo l ... Apply narrow bandage firmly on dressing ~nd SupporL. limb with large arm ling ... Relax tournIquet pressure on brachial artel,' AS,I: resulL (bl~ed.ing re-starLs) ; re-apply ... " LEG.-Apply IodIne to fingers, wound, and skin Apply clean dry dressino' . handacre liCThtl)' St d . >:> , to>:::, ea y. lllnb by holding fooL and ankle Apply I11ner and outer splints to leg eFrom above the knee to beyond the foot

6 b

ational Ambulance Competition.

The tesls for the individual te ts \\"ere :No. 1. Describe in full detail how a sLretcher may he impl"O\·ised. Time allowed 5 minutes . ' No.2 is doil1£~' a night round, and while " 'alking down a dark alley comes across a young- man lying on the g-round under a street lamp in a state of convulsions. He appear to be uncon cious. There is bloodstained froth round his mouth. Hi face is li\"id. A fully equipped ambulance haver ack can be obtained at the Police Station 100 rards up the next street, and a bystander appears if called for. The patient has also fracL u red his right kneecap . First aid Lo be rendered in 8 m inutes. No . 3 has been sent to make certain inquiries at a cottage at a lonely spot on the moor. A farm labourer accompanies him to sho\\' h im the \\·ay. \ Vhen within 100 yard of the cottage the labourer bends down to pick up something trom the heather. He sudden ly shout out aying he thinks he has been bitten in the right hand by an adder, wh ich is seen hurry ing a ..vay. First aid to be rendered in mi nu tes.

F I RST ~os. 4 and 5 arc walking along a Cl)Untry road when tlll'y meet it runawa~ hor -e and trap. . \ ~ it gets within 20 yard,., llf them the trap collapse and the horse bolls with Ja -hboard and haft behind it. The dri\"er is thro\\'11 hem' ily on to his head and left shoulder, and rolls on to the gr,lss b} the side of the road. There is an A.A. box clo eat halld, and on eeing the bolting hor e the Scout rushes out. There is a first-aid outfit and a telephone in the A.A. box. T.he patient has sustained a compound complicated fracture l)f the . kulJ anJ a fractured collarbone. First aid to be rL'ndered in ' minutes.

Comments alld criticisms by lhe Judge are always weknl1lc, and we haye pleasure in publishing those of the l.\' O Doctors ",ho acted in this competition . TilE TE.\:\[ TEST .\:-ID

By :-i1.

CORBET

Ko. 1.

FLETCHER,

~l.B.

. Perl~aps the mo t outstanding fact about the Natil'nal Pl)ltce FlI1al \-\'as that it \\-as won by the lOll mouth hire on:tabulary with 91 per cent. of po sible marks whereas in the lirst ~oIllpetitition (which in 1928 I helped to judge) the Lancash Ire Con tabulary were top of the list with only 54 per cent. Some of us ha\"E~ for many years worked for realism in competition. This urel" \\'as -obtained in the Pelice Final at the ~lid land Grand H-otel, than ks to the splendid efforts of the Competition Secretary, ;\1r. Duncan Monteith, and of ~lr. Joseph Grossman and his assistants, who staged my test 111 such an admirable manner. Consequently, there was no exc~se for the team which passed the open door of the Police StatlOn and plumped their stretcher down in the open street beneath the apparatus which cast confetti in imitation of snow. Refer~nce to the latter reminds me of the priceless howler comm1tted by one competitor who noting- the fallinlT " snow" looked up\~'ards and cried-" Here.l Stop chucking. tll~f stuff down.l.l" A roar of laughter from the audience qUickly co/winced him of his error and obviated the need for any comment by myself. The. team tes.t \,"as a practical and straightforward one; and the JIltroductlOn of a " real" bull as the visible cause of the emer~ency was a success. Yet only thc winning team ha ndled It to my complete satisfaction. First, I wanted to emphasise the nE'ed for prompt action with bleeding from a malt1 artery; and secondly I \\'anted the injured man remO\-ed to shelter without delay. Here, certainly, was a ch<l:nce of treati.ng- a competition case as an actual emergency ",hlch after all IS the secret of su;;cess in competition; and y~t how m.any teams. wasted time looking for a trap which dld not eXlst. In P01l1t of fact, I cannot conceive that" on a. wintry day" and" in a snowstorm" teams of expert first alders would keep for 20 minutes out in the open one of their colleagues who was suffering from profound shock con~equent on loss of blood and serious injuries. Yet that is Just what several of the teams diJ. One team excelled itself by placing. a soft pad outside the shirt, tying loosely with a figure-of-e/g ht ban?age and then claiming that they were con troll lt1g . Lhe aXIllary artery. Fortunately, they suppleme?ted. thIS br pressu~e on the subclavian, which they mal?ta1l1ed untIl the arnval of the doctor. I wonder if they realtsed how closely I watched for any relaxation of this pressure both during treatment and transport. On the whole, however, the team work was excellent as Lhe .mal~king s~1eets sho~ ; and the majority of the teams menL hIgh praise for theIr succe~sful efforts in the stretcher test. I .wish I could say the same thing- about the viva-voce test ·whlch was allotted to me. Briefly, the result was deplorable. :\1 uch ingenuity was shown in the various answers but only a scanty kno·w ledge of the Textbook on which the detailed markinp- sheet was based, Question tests are, I know, no longer popular in ambulance competitions;

A I 1) •

larch , 1933.

FIRST

March, 1933.

and yet they - er\"(~ a useful purpose becausc an accurate a'lluailltances hip with the instructil)J1s of thc Tcxtbook is the v ry esscnce of success in compct ition.

fetters

the

We are in no war responsible for lhe opinions expressed

Ihe

statements made, by Correspondents. - EDITOR. TilE

Ul\'lUU.\L TESTS (1 O.

D. \V. A.

BULl"

2, 3, 4 AN!) 5)

1\1. D.

COl\IPETITIO

The work on thc whole was good. The majority of the mcn seemed to grasp the situation and seriousness of the cases at oncc, but in some instances ton much time was spenl on one injury, not realising that there might be olhers. Many corrcct suggestions of treatment \\'ere mentioned, without being put into practice, which unfortunately causcd 10 s ot marks. The importance of hamwrrhage canllot be o\er-stressed, and when competitors were told that blood \\'as on the g-rolJnd it was obvious that something- serious had happened. Also, compctitor should make use of c\'erything that is near at hand, also any bystanders. In conclusion, if, when the general public meet with accidents on thc road, they should happen to be treated by a member of the Police Force, they mar rest assured that they will oblai n ellicien t trc atment.

" B" DIVISION SPECL\L CO ST.\BU Lc\RY (1 ORTH AREA), BIR~lI1\l~H.\ 1.

The annual competitions of the above have now been held. I n the individual section 27 men compcted, with the result that S.C. "B" 132 S. Howard wa placed fir..,t, followed by S C. "B" 49 E. Smith second, while . C. "B" 43 C. H. Gray an-.:l S.L. "B" 84 C. G. Marsh ticd for thc third place. The judges were Dr. H. 1\1. Penlreath and Ir. F. Smith (S. l. A.B.). For he high standard of \\"ork ..,hown much credit is due to S. L. "B" 191 H. Bannister, who is in charg of the classes. For the team test four team competed, "C" team gaining first place, follo\\'ed by "A," "B" and "D' in that order. The pl-izes ",,'ere pre ented by 1\[r. II. .\Iorgan at a subsequent drill parade.

The Staines Division, S.J.i\.H., held a sUl'Cesful \'vhi!:Jt dr ive on vVednesday, February 22nd.

The annual whist drivc and dance orgallised by the Da\'entry Division, S.J.A. B., proved a great success,

At the distribution of awards of the Nuneaton Division, S.J.A. B., the Mayor (Councillor W . T. Smith) made the presen ta tions .

We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretaries and others with specimen copies of this Journal for distribution among their

members.

Apply

the

Publishers, FIRST AID, 40 Cannon St., London E.C.,..

DEA.R

lR,

As a compctitor at al11bulanc~ events for some ten years, perhaps my expcriences ma) he of interest to your readers. 1 believc that competitions, properly handled, are the finesl possible training- for both the tcams and the onlookcrs. But they are not always pro?crly handled. I ha\'c seen adjudicators hand the number of points to say, the secretary to read out, and then ru<;h off. They ha\'c a train to catch or a case to attend to. No time to explain what the real injurics were, or why a certain team 10 t and thc other won. E\'cryone goes away dissatisfied, and make quite the sam mistakes ncxt time. In one individual competition I placed the bandag-es for a certain injury as I had been taught. The juJge disagreed and deducted t\\'o points. .\ fortnig-ht after, under anothcr juJg-e, I had the same injury given to me. Smiling- to myself at ha\'ing a " :nip "givcn to 111e, I did it up to suit the last judge and wa. promptly knockL'd olT ome points for not Joing it the original way. .\nothcr cause L)f complaint is, that when \'ou have more Ihan one adjud;cator, the nUll1hers of team . - get mixed as thcy g-o from tlw practical test to the theory, and points are awarded to I he wrong teall1 . . I ha\'\.~ <;een this occur more than l1l1Ce. ',tn you e. plain \\'h} Sllme judges will di qualify a tcam for trcatin~ the wron~ side, whill.: othcr· deduct so many point...? "'e l'tll11Pl'tcJ for two cup ... on samc day under the same jUJgL. [n the first competition he critici<;ed our l'aptain fnr askin~ questions, and in the next he found fault because Ill: didn't ask any. Your rat ienl is lying in the miJJ Ie of tlw road," ..,Rid 1he Jot"[or. "Is hc conscious or uncon . cious? II I asked. " lIe would nl)t be lying" in the middle l)f the rnad if h(, was con ... cious," was the rl'pl). I that corr~ct? I Joubtl'd it then and I s~ill do. In Hl1l)ther en..,e a patient who had swallowed a poison had become unconscious. Thl' cartain of one team said he would gi\ e an emetic. The other team ig-nored the cmetic altogether as pcr rule. The team \\'ho would ha\'e given the emetic won. The judge ruled that althoug-h th captain said he would g-i\"c an emet ic he did not ee the team give one, therefore he considered it had not been given. The other team didn't say anything- about it and so he assumed they would have gi\'en it. 0 there you are! I was in a big competition \\ hich was run in relays, four teams did the ame case at the same time; there \Va a diFfer~nt doctor for each ea e. Four doctors in all, for the pracbcal test. Four teams went bcfore each doctor in turn, and lhe highc t team with each doctor went into the final. Under one doctor the figures were 94, 92, 91 and 87" Under another the figures were 89, 86, 80 and 79, yet only one from each went on to the final in spite of the fact that there were three higher in points under the other doctor. In this competition one team was disqualified for doing a certain thinh' and another team was given ext ra points for doing- it. A cadet competition is fresh in my mind i a boy was supposed to have fallen ofT a railway truck and had some timber fall on him. The cadets found a fractured thigh. !hey asked ~f he could speak. "Yes." Then they asked him If he fe lt pam anywhere else. " No." On inquiry they were told his face was normal in colour, and the pulse normal j then in their adjudication they were told that there I I

239

A I D.

was a fractured jaw which they had missed. V.'hat do you think of that as a well thoughL out case for cadets? But, on the other hand, I ha vc com petcd in places whcre eve rythin g went like clod:work, wherc the test was propcrly arranged and staged, and the mf1.rking sheets ready as soon as the last team bad finished. The case is explained and although you may lose, you are told what you did wrong; and it is with the hope that in future we shall meet with more of this type of competition than the other, that we continue to plod away. B. L. COO\IBF.s.

----.

. - - --

The Fake Smash. (OR How Drv!. IO~AL FU~DS 'WERE OHTAI~ED).

By BERT L COOMBES. THERE was no question that we were hard up, down to our last bandage, in a way of speaking. Continued unemployment had reduced our always slender resources to a minus stage, and throughout the entire neighbourhood the same thing existed. There was no possibi I ity of raisi ng fu nds in an area where ninety-five per cen t. had been idle for many months. As the road and fresh air was frE:e it was our custom to take long walks with our talks and console with one another, because after five years' service we still had no uniform. It \\"as usual for us to do well in a competition-after walking to it-and yet go down by a point or two because we had nothing down on that line which gives points for-' un iform and general smartness." Besides the inspectin g officer had said only a fortnight ago that" he hoped to see us in uniform at the next inspection." As we rounded a turn in the road we came in sight of a couple of cars drawn up on the side of the road with the usual crowd of bystanders. " Accident," thought five minds acting as one. A rapid stocktaking disclosed the fact that we had enough material for a small accident, and confident in our numbers \ve advanced and was just in time to see a fortunate individual receive half-a-crown for repairing a puncture for the car owner. Relieved, in a sense, we went slowly on our way, but the chap who gets the ideas had been very OBSERVANT. "There are hundreds of cars travellin g along this road," he said, "and apparently some of them have plenty of money . Did you notice how they all pulled up to help when they thought something had happened?" Then he unfolded the idea, and in the end, although faced with some opposition, he had his way. The next move was a very TACTFUL letter I

.HO

FIRST

to a gentleman living close by who owned a car which, although in good condition, had become out of date and pen ioned off. In the end he loaned us that car. Vife had to be very RESOURCEFUL for tbe next item. In the end we got a motorcycle and idecar in just the riaht condition. In fact, we had to be very DEXTERIOUS and tie it up with string before carrying it to the spot. Then several very EXPLICIT letters had to be written; one to Headq uarters, one to pol ice headq uarters, and one to the road authorities, pointing out the great DISCRIi\lI~ATION in the choice of venue we had chosen for our proposed" stunt.)I \Ve had nothing to do now but wait-and wait we had to for several wt'eks. \Ve had intended to hold it on August Bank Holiday when the trippers would be travelling to the adjacent seas ide towns, but the delay in receiving permits caused us to be much later and, without doubt, reduced our takings considerably. But all things come to those who wait, and at last the permits came and great activity developed. \Ve had permission to occupy a position on the roadside for three days and the night before, a group ot enthusiastic ambulance men and two A.A. men, who were members of our division, spent nearly four hours and a certain amount of petrol and oil 111 an attempt to induce that ancient car to travel on its own. But their PERSEVERANCE was in vain. And thus it was that at six o'clock next morning a large car came slowly and silently down the road driven very erratically by one who was being very SY M PATHETIC to the others who were pushing hard behind. Arriving at the spot we managed to push the car on the wide grass ban k at the side of the road. Two wheels were on the grass, two on the road. The battered motorcycle being placed alongside the car, also a stretcher and on it a man whom several of us were attending. !:A...nother man was wandering around with his arm in a sling. Inside of which he had a collecting box and he produced it on every possible occasion. It was quite well done. As one motorist said, "Very realistic, by jove! Absolutely put the wind up me." Soon after some nurses, who were to act as collecters, arrived. As soon as a car pulled up to inquire what was the matter, or for curiosity, a nurse was there with a collecting box and appealed for assistance for the St. Joh n Am bulance j and not many refused. Contributions were rattling in, at one time there were nearly twenty cars pulled up taking an interest in the proceedings. The 'buses containing trippers contributed splendidly, and the regular 'buses, of which there were five lines, made some excuse tc pull up ri ght by and gave our collectors a chance to board them. One thing struck me very much: a woman passed riding

A I D.

March, 1933.

a cycle, because of her dress and appearance none of the collectors bothered her, thinking she woulu not be able to give. Finding out what we were collectin a for, she got off her cycle, came across across and put two shillings in the box. A minute before the occupant of a lordly limousine had rewarded us with a threepenny bit! Out of sight behind a hedge, we had lit a fire and erected a tent in which chairs, etc., were placed. In h re we had intervals of rest and cu ps of tea. The two A.A. men visited us in turn ' during the day. The police also paying occasional visits their presence greatly helped in the reality of the stunt. Also there was the usual crowd of children and other bystanders, in fact, it was the recognised thin a in the village to stroll up the road for about a mile to see the fake smash . \Ve had first-class practice in " keeping the crowd back." The weather clerk was kind. \Ve had three glorious day, being there till after dark each night. There were a few objectors who complained of being frightened by the sight, but they were in a very small minority. \Ve had many interesting talks with people interested in the ~Jovement from other parts, and several motorists confes ed that they now drove more carefu Ily aft r seeing it. nd the results-Oh, yes, they were good. It hacJ not cost us a penny, ..:l.nd after that the team and other::, were properly uniformed and equipped. ,0 we voted it a great success .

Common Mistakes in First Aid.

March, 1933.

FIRST

a simple fracture from becoming compound, and has prevented much other avoidable suffering. A fracture is simple when there is no external 1V0und allowing the air to communicate with the fractured ends of a bone. A fracture is compound when there is a wou nd over the fractu re lead i ng down to the fragments. A fracture is complicated when there is extensive tearing of soft parts, injury to an important blood vessel or nerve, or dislocation o[ the [rdcLured bone. Now, a simple ft-acture may become compound or complicated if, after the injury the part is careIt;ssl \' or rough hand led bv the patien tor attendan t. Thi · pos ibility hould be vcr-present in the mind of the fir t aid worker a he kneels by the victim of an accident on a road. It may he cold, wet and muddy. The tralTic may he held up. The first aid worker may be getting late [or an important engagement. The patient himself may be getting i mpaticn t and dcman Iing a " move on." There may bc pre 's urt; frol11 several oth r quarters in the ~all'le direction. But if the first aid \\orker remains ohdurate allli rdus ::, (0 move a fractured limb a ~illgle fOOL bdl)re ht; ha~ obtainec.l ~L)l1le kind of impromptu splint \\ here\\ ith LO imlllobili/c the broken ends of the honc, he \\ ill, perhaps, have saved a \Vhole limb from amputation, as \\cll as have earned the repu latlon of bei ng a si ngularly pig-headed ohstruct ion i'-.t. ')1' COLlr~c, there arc occasions when speedy action i'-. Ill.: e,.,,,1.f\' even in the rresence of a ' imple fracture \\ hich tl{reatcns to lJl:come compound. A Sl'\'en: h~emorrhage, [or example, require ' im mediJ.tc treatment and takes pn.:ccdencc over a fracture,

FUSSING.

FCSS[~G is a very common complaint, particularly with young and ardent first aic.l \\ l)J"ker~. The tem ptation to be fussy is often almost over\\' hel ming. An accident has happened, one or more victims liE: on the road and a crowd has collected. In the centre is the young first aid worker, g lowing with enthusiasm, and primed with all the knowledge of first aid manuals and classes. The hero of the occasion, he natu rail y wishes to act up to it, to give a string of directions to others in a firm self-assu red voice, and to do various things himself. If he doesn't, someone else will. He will then be thrust aside, the someone else, possibly a very ignoran t person, will take charge of the situation, the injured will suffer, and the young first aid worker will be eclipsed. It requires not a little strength of mind to wait and see, to be using eyes and ears rather than tongue and hands, to delay action till a doctor arrives instead of acting promptly oneself. But an attitude of masterly inactivity has saved many

The Royal Life Saving Society. I~ C\)J1tilluillg tile artiLk' l)11 Rc",u"'l'italil)(], it i~ IlL'Cl'."a ry lhilt the l1lanner in which the c11<tnt.,:'e in the capacit.\ of the thorax. an: hmught about ~hould be clcarly explained before g'iving- a description of the practical application of arlificial n:spiralion. In llrdin,lry in"piralil)Il \'cry fe\\ I1lU 'de ... are called into acti\ ity. The illo~t important l1lu ... c1e of re::.piratilln i~ the uiaphragm, the libn~s of which ClHl\ L'rge upwaru::. tl) a ilat tenui11llus laye!- which occupies it" Cl'ntre ; the cOlwerging fibres are cun'ed with their convex-it\, towards the lhoracic cavily, which gives a dome shape to the whole mucle, T!~is curve become ' sOl1lewhal straightened out when the I1brcs contract and the ilat tendon is drawn UO\\,11 at the same time towards the abdomen j in this way the depth of the tboracic cavity is increased, that is, it bel:omes cnlarged fr0111 above downwards. Enlargement is also effected by raising the ribs, The latter are articulated Lo the spine behind and are ioinedto the sternum in front hy the rib-cartilages, 1n the expiratory position the ribs are sloped from above and behind downwards and forwards, ,\Vhen the\ are raied a ge:leral enlar~e1l1el1t of the thorax occurs, - The raising of the ribs is dfected by a layer of short muscle

241

A 10 .

fibres, the external intercostals, which pass from each rib downwards and forwards to tl1<" rib below. Since this layer occurs between all the ribs, when its fibre contracts the ribs are raised. There is another sim ilar layer, the internal intercostals, imm ediately within the external; but this takes no part in raising the ribs, for its fibres pass from each rib downwards and backwards to the rib below, and the effect of their contraction would be not to raise but to depress the ribs. They may come into aclion sometimes to assist expiratior, but expiration is ordinarily broug-ht about by ~he e lastir;ity of the wall of the chest and of the lungs. '.-\Thde, therefore, inspiration is an active muscular movement, normal expiration is passi\'e alld is produced by elastic reaction. Expiration l1lay, however, be assisted by the contraction of the internal intercostals and by the l1luscles of tbe abdominal ,,,all. ]£ the latter conlract they compress the abdominal \'iscera against the under surface uf the diaphrat;m anu force this upward, thus diminishing the capaciL)' of the thorax and driving air out of the lungs. In so-called forced breathin~, which occurs if there is any obstruction in the air-passages, or other serious interference with respirat ion, many more muscles come into action both for raising and d~pressing the ribs. The movements of ordinary breathing' proceed "'ith great regularity Jurint; life, at the rate of about 12 to 16 a But there is great indiyidual \'ariation, some 1J1illute. persons breathing as slowly as 5 times and others as frequently as 24 times a minute. Like that of the ,he~r,t the rate is increased hy muscular exertion and d1l111l11shed during skep. Ordinary respiration, although effected by \ oluntar\' muscles i, an in\'o luntary or renex act dependent upon the 11lcdull~ oblongata , Il is unaccompanied by cOllsciouness and carried on indefinitely without fatigue. But \'olulltary respiration , such as is performed in "breathing exercises," cannot be carried on long without fatigue. In ordinary breathing, a certain amount of air is taken in and breathed out again at each respiration, This is known as "tidal air, ,. and is usually about half a litH!. (c\ litre is equi\'alent to about LI pints; an ordina ry claret bOllle holds a litre.) So that with 12 respirations a minute about 6 litres are exchanged in that time. 'Vhen the tidal air i ex.pired there is still a quantity of about 2i litre in the lung, anJ this is called "supplemental air." Bya forceJ expiration abl)ut 1! litres more can be expelled, but a remainder is left which cannuL be breathed out; tlli ' i~ krmeu "residual air," and amounts to about one litre. .\1 ' 0, after breathing- in the half litre of tidal air, it i:. ,till po "illle to draw into the lungs by a forced inspiratiun a further H litre", If, after this ha~ been taken in, a forced expiration is made, and the air which is dri\en out of the lun<Ys is collccteu and measured, it will be found to be about 3~ IiLre~, This has been called the" \'ital capacity" of the cl;esl. The \'ital capacity \'a ries in diO'e rent indi\'iduals j it is diminished ill circumstances which pre\'ent free mo\'ement of the tllOnx.. The next article will deal with the applicatiun of the Schafer l\Iethod of Resuscitation. 1 t is hoped, therefore, Lhat the abo\'<> ",ill assist readers to understand the principles upon which this method is baseu.

- - - , _ . -- The Dag-enham Cadet Di\'ision \\,lln the " ~lacRae" Cup Competition open to Cadets in the No. 1 Di~trict, S,] .. \,B. For the third time in it fise years of existence the "Dr. Cunliffe" Challeng-e Shield, open for competition between Polic ambulance team in the 'Nest Riding, has bcen \\'on h) the Goole Division, Six team competed in the I1n(ll last week, and Goole were thirty points ahead of their nearest. rivals, \Vakel1e ld , \\'ho won the shield last. year.

A I D.

FIRST

March, 1933.

Our Nurses' Pages. COMPILED

AMBULANCE 3'

~o. 1 DISTRICT, CENTRAL AREA, S.J.A.B.-The Area eliminating- competition for the Iountgarret Cu p was held at Di trict headquartel-s on Thursday, l\larch 9th. Six teams entered for the bed making competition, Lady District Officer :'Ifiss Grindley acting as judge for the practical te t, and Lady Di trict Officer Miss Walker for the uniform in, pection. The re ult of the competition was : 1, ~o. 39 (Temple) l\ursing- Divi ion, 59 marks; 2, No.2 (Civil en'ice), No. 2 team, 58~ ; 3, No. 28 (Civil en-ice), No.1 team, sst; 4, No. 71 (City), 49~; 5, 10 . 47 (Finsbury), 48~ ; 6, No. 59 (\tV. H. Smith c' Son), 36t. Temple Nursing Division (represented by :\ S l\[iss err)' and A S I\tiss King) will once again uphold the honour of Central Area in the l\lountgarret Cup competition in the District Finals on April 22nd . illuch credit is due to the runners-up. The two members of thi team are quit.:! novices, not having yet g-ained their medallions, and at their first competition came within half a mark of the winner. Following the tests, Lady Di trict Officer ~liss \Valker congratulated the teams on their smart appearance, and said she was proud of the hig-h standard displayed in correctness of uniform. Lady District Officer Miss Grindley said that she \yrtS very plertsed with the work of all the competitors. She ad\'ised them to be a little more speedy, beumaking haying to be done as quickly as possible, and con. g-ratt.:lated the winners on their \·ictory. Assistant Commissioner Dr. Lund also congratulated the winners and commiserated \\·ith the losers. He said he \yrtS struck with the efficiency of all the bed makers.

BARKING lJRSING DI\' !SION. - The sixth annual dinner of this Division of th~ Brigade ,,'as held on March 2nd at the lunicipal Restaurant, Barking, Dr. vV. J. C. Fenton occupying the chair. About 74 people sat do\vn to dinner, this including- officers and members of the Division and their friends. Lady District Supt. Iiss Rideout and Lady District Officer liss Curtis, Mrs. Fenton, ~lr. and Mrs. forrish, ~Iiss Swann, Mrs. Read, Mrs. Og-ilvie and Mrs. ~laud Leftley (sister of the late Miss Leftley, who presented the Rose Bowl to the Di"ision for annual competition) honoured the Division with their presence on this occasion. l\lr. Rawlings acted as a most efficient M.e. at the dance with which the evening ended, the band being under the direction of Mr. John Lee. A bouquet was presented to Mrs. Fenton, the wife of the newly appointed Assistant Divisional Surgeon. It was a \'ery jolly evening, and all the company thoroughly enjoyed themselves.

BLETCHLEY URSING Dn'lsIO .-At the combined annual meeting of the Blet-::hley Ambulance and NursingDivisions, the excellent work done by the members during 1932 was revealed by the reports. . The chair was taken by Lady Leon, the Hon. President, and she was supported by Major Darvil-Smith, C. B. E., the County Commissioner, and Mrs. Darvil-Smith, l\lr, W. Scott-Evans, the County Secretary, and others. The annual report of the Tursing Division was read by Miss 1. A. Clarke, Lady Divl. Secretary. An"on~ other things,)t drew attl;lntion to the fact that over 2,000 hooks ~eneral

•

SISTER.

and periodicals had been collected and passed on 10 hospital s at home and abro<ld. The financial statement was presented by Miss Scobie, and showed a satisfactory halance in hand of £14 6 . 6d. The County Secretary, 1\1 r. Scott-Evans, aid he thought it meant a great deal to a community when it cou ld rely on a certain number of hard-working, skilful people to as. ist their fellow men in times of need. He did not think the public put the "alue on the work they should do, but took it too much for granted. People did not consider, wben ambulance men and women turned out to accidents, what a larg amount of leisure time had heen pent in prepnring to deal \\'ith such emer~encies. Lady Leon pre ented the awards.

Marcb, 193 .

FIRST

DI,\"l)N COl'NT\ C()~ll)bllll();-':~. L: ndcr the charge of Lady County Olliccr 1\lrs. R. BabJon (De\'oll's Slarr Ofliccr for St. Jl)111l , ursing 'en'in.:), lcams from Exctcr, Barn:-tapk, Paig-nlon and Salcombe, competed at Paignton on ~larch ~th in the County Eliminating COlllpclition for the " Perrott" Challcnge hieh.l. Olll.: sidc of a hall represented a burninl.\" huildin~· frum \\ hich it Ill<ln had juml,cd from thl! fir,,! 1100r window, rl!l"l..,i\ ing sl..~riou" injurics in his fall and "till being in danger fnllll fal lin g' dehris. Thl! othl'1 sidc of the hall was filled up <IS il Clltlag·I..' IIlbpital but \\'hen the team" arri\(~d with their l ,lsualt Y 1I1l' \ \\ ere informed that all the hospital slafT illllLldi~lg Ihl: surgcon were cng'agL'c! 011 \cry un.;cl1L \,",lrk. Thc winncrs llf thc .. Gak" Shield ('cal11 tcst) wcrc tllc ll,llll..,t,lPlc l\' ur..,ing J)i\ ision TC,lIll lilpLlincd b; Lady Supl. ~[I s. l'lllltl. 1 aigntun Tl'a m L1ndcr Lad) .\mb. Otllcer ~[iss Llarlalld \\lln thl..' " Becklc) " Cup (2nd) and Barn~tclple \\ llll thc " Shillitl)c " Cup h)r proflciellq' ill bcd-making. Thc trophi~s and pri/.es \\"l'rC prcsented b) :\Irs. Ellis, lhl' \\ ife l)f the Sun';l'on-in-Chid, Cll!. C. J. Ellis, whol11 she \\as ;h'clH11panied hy. ,\l1longst lHher" present were Lady JllSl'phinc IIulllphrlys (Presidcnt, Plymouth Central :\ursing Di\i"illll), :'Ilrs. \\'arndl1rd (\'icc-l'rcsidl!nl of thl' raignton

~43

A I D.

birthday of thc Divi~ion, a social e,ening was held at Han:n Green Church IIall on Saturday, February 11th. There werc ahuut ):)0 people present, includ,ing .\ss.L.stant Coml11is<:;ioncr S. J. Warn.:n and ~lrs, \\-arrcll, Gapt. H . . \. Fenton (County Surgeon), ortlcers and 1l1embt!r,s of. the Ealing .\ll1bulancc Di\'ision, and Supl. and :'Ilrs. StandIng-ford. Durinl.\" the l:\"cning cOl1lpetitions ~l1d ~aI1lc,s wcrl: played, and songs wcre rcndered by .\ S. :\lrs. ;"': e\\'~on, Supt. Standing-foru acting- as ~J. C. ,\ll1bulancc .Olliccr S. J. StillwclI, of Fillchley Di\ ision, gay I..' an enterlalll~lll:nt with his l11arillllCtles, \\ hich item was \ ery much apprecIated h\ thc <Ludienlc .\ltogethcl- a Ycry enjl1yablc e\"(~nillb was Si1Cllt by the I11clllbcrs ami their fricnds. .\ lanlcrn Icdurc ill aid llf Di\ i"ional fUllds \HlS g-i\Cll Saturda\' Fcbruary 25th ill SL. John's Church Room, Ealing, by' ~1 r. J. H~ OUld, an cX-I1lL:lllbcr of the Royal IIousehold. His subject, "Reminiscences of thc Royal Household," proyed exceeding-I), interc ting, and it \\"as unfortunate that the bad weather pre\'en ted a larger gathering. 011

CAUIORE Tu RsI 'e DInSIoN.-The report of the motor ambulance sen'ic for the 15 months ended December 31 I, 1932, has just been publi hed, and prlH"eS be) ond doubt what excellent \\'ork is being done by the Nursing Di\i . i(ln in this branch alone. During- the period under review, 73 accidents and 245 cases of illness were carried, making a total of 318, the distance covered being no less than 5,698 miles. Members have shown zeal and loyalty in carrying out this work, and have been ready at all hours to attend cases and accompany them in the ambulance. This has entailed great sacrifice of their time and lei ure, as journeys h~l\'e been made as far as Folke tone, l\ottingham and London. Thanks are due to l\li s R eynolds for the gift of a radiator muff for the ambulance; to Mrs. Osram for a towel rail and glass rack; to Ir. Pearce for a pot light for the dashboard; to l\lrs. Osram and Mrs. ,-\twood for makingcurtains and cushion covers, and also for looking after the stores. The flnancial report shows an expenditure of 0\'('1' £225, and there is a balance in hand of about £24. To maintain the sen'ice, public support is still neces ary. DAGENIIAM NURSING D!\'ISION. - The fourth annual dinner of this Division took place on February 9th at the Cross Keys Hotel, Dagenham, and was well attended. Assistant Commissioner Goodley, M,C., was in the chair, and he was accompanied by Mrs. Goodley. There "vere also present Dr. Kendall, Ass istant Commissioner in charg-e of the Area; Capt. Bendix, District Surgeon; Lady District Supt. Miss Rideout, District Officer Mr. Fitch and Irs. Fitch, Lady District Officer Miss Curtis, Di\'. Surgeon Dr. Nicholson and Mrs. Nicholson, Lady Supt. Miss Swann and Mrs. Swann, Supt. Norman and Mrs. Norman, Re\,. A T. Brode (St. Martin's Association), and several distinguished officers of the Special Constabulary, including Sub-Inspector Brown and Lady Amb. Officer Mrs. Brown, and a goodly number of members of the Nursing Division and their friends. During the even ing Capt. Bendix was presented with a handsome silver cigarette case, by Lady Div. Supt. Miss Swann, on behalf of the officers and members of the Dagenham Nursing Division, as a token of thanks for all he had dOlle for the Division. Bouquets were presented to Mrs. Goodley and Mrs. Swann. After dinner, Mr. S. E. Berrill kindly acted as M,e. for the dance which followed,

o nil i.lIs and CO III petitL1rs nl the De\'l1l1 "Perroll' Sh ield cOl11petitio?s:

~c,lkd ill frl1nt rl)\\, from left, Lady Coullty Ofl'ccr :\lis~ BaIsdon, .Lady SuP.l. :\~,ISS Shtll~~l)(> ~l'-~. DemetrIa~~ (PIL'sidcllt Pili"ntlln Di\ i.,,;lln), Lld\ _\l1lb. O!1icer :'Iliss Garland (P::llgnton) \nth Beckley Cup, Col. C. 1. EIlt~

(Sllr~cl111-il1-Chid), ~lrs. '. 1. Elli~ , Lady ' upl. ~Ir~. Knoll (Bar.nstaple) with "Gale" Shield, Lad): HUlllphrc.r~ (Prcsidcnt 1'1) l110uLh CcntrL' Di\'ision), .\ ' :'II iss \\\att (captaIn Excl~r te~r~l), Lady Supt. l\lJss Quarmb) (Bcdlllaking judgc) and, standll1g, Lady Surt. l\l!~s \\ hltehead.

Sl'l,t illJ} nf thc .\s~lKiatil)I1), ~lrs. DClllclriadi (Pre 'idcnt of the Paig-nton :\ u r~i ng D i \'isilln), and ~I rs. IIarold \ ' cllacL)tl (Vice-Presiuent of PIYlllouth .\rca). Thc JUdg-l'S were County urgcon Dr. B. Venn Dunn, the Sister Tutor of t he Torl~ay Hospital, the l\latron of the Dartmouth and Kings\'\'car Hospital, Dr. G. Verniquet, Div. Surgeon Kingsbridge, and Lady County Oflicel- l\1rs. Balsdo:!. E:\.cclknt local secretarial arrangements weI" unuertaken by Lad y Di\,. Supl. !\liss \\'hitehcad of the Pai gnton Nursing Division, who was assist d by superintcndents and otIll.:r onlccrs from various parts of Dc\ onshire. .\ bouquet of yellow tulips and daffodils was presentcd to Irs. Ellis who made a IllOst inspiring speech on the work of the Order of which l\lrs. Ellis is a member. EALll\G NURSING DIV!SION. - To celebrate the fourth

E:--IF1ELD :\UI~SlNG Dl\' lSION. - Ollicers and lllell1bcr~ of No. 46 (Enfield) :-':ursing Division, .J ..-\.B., together with their friends, spent a happy e\-e ning at Freeman s Rest aurant, Enfield Town, on \Vedn c day, February 22nd. Bet wecn 50 and 60 sat down to su pper and, at Lhe conclus ion, Mr. C. J. Adams, of No. 78 Division, spoke oj the work being done by the Nursing Diyision and, in particular, of that of the Di\'isional Surgeon, Dr. J. G. Brass, who for a number of years has Irain ed the member) enabling" them to go out in the district to render skilled aid to those in need. 1\1r. Adams mentioned a forthcoming course of lectures in first aid, for "'omen of over sixteen year"" of age, cOlllmencing on Thursday, l\larch 9th, 2t the ~aptist Church In titute at 8.30 p.l11. He ilwit d any ladles who were interested to atlend. l\liss Hopkins then presented lrs. Burkett, the Lady Div. Supt., with a bouquet of Ilowers bearing the Brigade

2++

FIR S T

colours, as a mark of npprcciation frol11 thc I\ursing Di"ision for the !:ipl~nditl W<l) in which hc and her hu!>band had succes fully organised the Di\'isional uppcr clance' over a period of se\'eral year ". i\1rs. Burkett thnnked the Il1t'lllbers for their kind g ift, which he \'ery much appreciated, and al a spoke of the forthcoming- cour e ot lecturc . ?lliss G. il111115 presented cert illcale. to those who had recpnil" attended a course of lectures in Home Hygiene gi\' 11 by Dr. Bra 5, and had passed the e:'-.amination. -' Music was supplied by the l{hythl11 Boys' Dance B2ncl, and ill .. Burkett was a capable 1\1. C. GR.\YS I\L:RSI~G 01\ ' [ [01'.'.-On February 22nd a COtllpetition ,yas held a Quarry Hill School for tl{e Har\'ey Cup. AS ' istant COlllmissioner Capt. \Y. Lloodley, ~l. C., acted as judge for the practical ,,'ork, and Di trict Officer Fitch for the "i\,a ,'oce. The cup was ,,'on by .-\ S H, Gilletl, .-\, S Oxley being only one mark behind her. The I\ursing Cadeb attached to thi Diyi ion had their own competition on January 2 tho The test was a most exciting- one, and thanks are clue to Ambulance Officer mith, ot Gray Diyision, for the realis',ic staging of a suicide. .-\. boy was found hanging (suspended by means of blocks and wires hidden behind a curtain), and ,,'as also suffering from a se\'ered artery in the arm. Supt. Jones ,,,as the judge for the oral test, and .-\.mbulance Officer Smith for the practical work. The winners of the Baird Shield ,,,ere I\ursing Cadets Thelma Catton and Agnes Carter, who gai ned 16-+~ ma rks out of a possible 220. Nursing Cadets .-\.Iice l\Iedhurst and Peggy Day won the C. Simons Junior Cup, recei,-ing 81 marks out of a possible 95. PRESTO:\ :\(;RS):\'G CORPs.-At the recent District Competitions held at Danyen, Preston High School Tursin?' DiYision gained (he" Howard II Rose Bo\yl, and also third place in the "Trimble" Shield Competition, Preston Cooperati,'e Society I\ ursing Division coming second. In the indiyidual competition for officers, Lady Cadet Supl. Miss 1'11. Pearson \Yon second place. Thus the Preston Corps has reason to be proud of its Xursing Diyisions, the members of which are keen, eflicient and enthusiastic. RA WTEl\STALL .\l\[) \\',HERFOOT 1\ URSI:\G Dn·ISION. - A social e\'ening, organised by the Ambulance and Nursing Di"isions of Rawtenstall and 'A'aterfoot, was held at the Queen-street Assembly Rooms, on Tuesday, February 28th, and proved a very enjoyable affair. During the e"ening, 1\1rs. P. Hindle presented the awards gained at the recent examinations held at the Alder Grange Schools. At this part of the proceedings l\1r. J . T. Phillipson presided. A vote of thanks was proposed by Lady Di,'. Supt. :'.lrs, Eastwood to ~lrs. Hindle for making the presentations, and to the artistes for so kindly entertaining them that evening. To this 1\1rs. Hindle responded, expressing her sympathy with the good work which ,vas being done by the men and women of that district who were enrolled in the S1. J ohn Ambulance Brigade. A very enjoyable e"ening concluded at 11 p.m. SU:\J:\IER CA:\IPS.-It has been decided that two camps shall be held this summer for officers and members of ursing Divisions of the St. John .\mbulance Brigade, instruction and practical work in first aid and home nursing-and probably in cookery as well - being arranged and given by medical officers and trained nurses,

l a rch, 19.3.3.

A I D.

The che 1l1 e w ill doubtless prove popu la r wit h those eligible to take part in it, and it s hould be of great va lue ~ o them. The cost is a reasonable one, and as one camp IS to be held in the north and one in th e so u th, trm'e1 li ng expe nses and the time spent in travelli ng (an importanL item in these days when most people are \ ery busy) wi ll not be great. , The northern camp w ill be he ld at Evcrslcy chool, Southport, from ."\ugu t 19th to ept I1lbcr 2nJ, Lady D istrict S u pl. Irs. Tweedale ( O . -+ Di triel) acting as Camp COl11mandant. Application to attend shou ld be forwarded through th officer of the Di\'ision to th Lady Oi Lrict u~ erintendent or Lady County Ofli.cer, to reach them by Apn l 10th. .\ deposiL of 5s. should accompany each application. (This ",jll be forfeited should the olTicer or mcmber not attend the camp.) The cost of attending the camp \" ill be 37s. 6d. for officers and 35s. for l1lel11her~ each pcr week . Arrangements have not' yet been completed for the southern camp, bu~ it is hoped it ",ill be held on the eoa'>t of Kent during the first two weeks of .\ugu l. Lady District Supt. l\Irs. Fal",asser U~o. 8 Di trict) will be the CamJl COlllmandanL with Lady District OfTicer l~obinia, Viscountcs l\lountgarret, .\5 istant COIllmandant. I tems (Didsional news and competitions, socia l, interesting duties, lectu res, etc.), fo r this page should be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/o T he Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon Sr., London, E. C.4·

- - - - ._. - - - -

Durham, Cleveland and Westmorland Districts Ambulance League.

FIRST

Ma rch, 1933. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS,

eto.. IN FIRST AID.

Fifth Edition, Seventeenth Thousand. Revised in accordance with 38th Edition of St. ] ohn Text Book .

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, etc., IN HOME NURSINC. Second Edit ion.

Revised in accordance with 4th Edition of S t. John Text Book. Highly commended by Doctors and the Press. 6kd. each, or 58, per dozen (post free).

245

A I D.

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY

UNIFORMS

FIRST AID FOR FOOTBALLERS and other ATHLETES. Strong paper folders, 3! d. each, or :U. 6d . per dozen (post free). Sujjlied di"t:ct by-

F .

G .

DIRECT FROM OUR FACTORY

HARWOOD ,

(Serving Brother of the Order and Southern Railway Gold Medallist), Audit Accountant's Office, LONDON BRIDGE STATION, S. E.I.

•

Perfect Fit, Qual[ty and Materials, Correct Detail s,

Binding Copies of "F. A." KEEP your Cop ies of FIRST AID clean

and tidyhave them bound . end your copies fo r the last Volume (Ju ly, 1931, to Jun , 1932) and we will return sa~e bound in an attractive case of leather cloth, WIth the title of the publication in gold letters on the front and side and the eight pointed cross on front , for 6 ., post free. Complete Volumes can be suppl ied at 9s ., post free . Binding ases only, .2 . 9d. post free, Orders should be sent to

DALE, REYNOLD

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE

•

W e have had 50

& CO . , LTD . ,

46, CAN TO:-; SrREET, Lo:-.moN, E.C.4. THE 1Inal competition of the abo\'l;~ were held 011 Saturcla), February 25th, at Durham. A higher standard of fllciency than for !>ol1le year::. ,\ a~ enthusiastically commcnted upon. The judge ,,"ere Dr. \\'hitlc) (jesl11ond), Dr. Hucl,>on (Bedlington), Dr. O'Kelly (Boldon), and Dr, Gabriel (T) nemouth). The results were announced as follows: Seniors. - l, "Donald Bain" Shield and ~old medals, Roddymoor, 277 points; 2, "Com1llittlCe" Cup and sih'er medals, Derwent, 261; "Heath" Cup for !>trC'tchcr work (1st and 2nd teams debarred) and the" L. C. Dillon" Cup ~or highest number of marks for team belonging to the Seaham Division, Horden. J uniors.-1, "ElizabeLh Bain" "hield and sih'cr lllcdals, Hazard Colliery, 293~ ; 2, Eden Colliery, 270~ ; 3, Elmore, 265. ;\[r. T. Greenland Da"ies, Chief lnspector of ;\l ines for Durham and I\orthul11berlancl, presided at the prcsentation meeting, and l\1r. E. J. George, l\Ianagin~ Dircdor, COI1sell Iron Company, presented the awards. In congratulating the teams on their work and interc t, I r. George mentioned that the members had gone to sOI:le self-sacrifice to get to the contests on uch a day as thIS. From the ConsetL districL it had taken four hour to tra"el 1-t miles owing to the weather. Accidents, continued l r. George, will occur, and 'what gives a man more satisfaction than to know and be conscious of h is ahility to help his fe ll ow workman in case of an accidenL. Mr. T. E. Rut herford, who proposed a yote of tha n k~ to 1\1r. Georgc, said that colliery managers were taking a g-reater interest in this important work Lhan formerly, and the standard of firsl aid had also increased. He suggested that by a little more interest by managers, the standard would go still further ahead. The chairman moved a yote of thanks to the indefatigable secretary (M .. George Watkin) for his work in connection with the competitions, and felt quite sure the hug-e success was entirely due to his efforts.

.\~lB

COLLIEPY TL.\;\ E 'LA H \RWORTJI Third .\Illlual Competition for the "T. C. Barber"

\Icmorinl "hiclt1 (\ .tlLled 75 gns.) will be held on 29th ~\pril, in the II.lr\\'orth Cnllien' In-..lilutc, Bircotes, COI11menl~il1g at 2 p.m. Prizes tl) the ,alue of £15 are ofre~ed, and separak indi\ idual compl'lition is to be held. PartIculars and schedules n1n\ be obtaincd from i\1r. . G. Lee, Harworth oIlier)" DOl~ca-..ter.

1<)JJ

TELEPHONE-~fUSEUM

ADAM,

TO:"\! and District .\l11bulance AS!:iociation IndiSHARL vidual and hielcl Competition.-The 9th .'u1l1ual Open Competition will be held on aturclay, l\l ay 13th, 1933, when a Shield and yaluable prizes will he given to 1st, 2nd and 3rd teams, also four individual prizes. For further particulars apply to Mr. Geo. Bickerton, secretary, 26, Bondterrace, Sharlston COl11mon, \Vakeneld.

ANTISEPTIC

and

HEALINC

OINTMENT.

A SAFE and Reliable Dressing for Wounds, Cuts, Chilblains, Burns, Chaflng, i\ brasions, Bruises, Skin Eruptions, Hccll1orrhoids, &c. Nasal Catarrh.

Highly recommendl'd for

18, Fitzroy St., Tottenham Court Rd., London, W.1. Human Articulated & D isarticulated Skeletons & Skulls. Half-Skeletons, Pelves & Fretal Skulls. Upper & Lower Extremities, Feet, Hands & Loose Bones of every

free.

description. Anatomical Models & Wall Charts,etc. Bandage Figures & Limbs.

Largest Selection in Europe. Inspection Cordiall y In v it~d. PRICE LISTS FREE ON APPLICATION.

ALLMAN'S

POCKET ANATOMICAL ATLAS S ize 6" x 3i" (Plates 7" x 6"). Illustrated by Twelve Coloured Plates from Original Drawings. Contains an anatomical description of the plates and the arr an gements and physiological fun ctions of the Human Body, arranged in manikin form. A valuable Atlas for First A id Students.

Price 1 / -

1f/rde dira/ (or

ONE OUNCE SAMPLE JAR

ROUILLY & co.,

(3 minutes from Maples).

Human Osteology, Anatomy, etc. ,

OR S.\LE :-Roller Bandges B.P.C. Quality (W.O . W.), 1 in. x 6 yard", 7 6 gro S. Good QualiLy (W. O. \ \T,), 1 in. x 6 yard~, 6 '- gro S. Other sizes in proportion. Al 0 good gualit) Triangular Bandages at -+ - per dozen, sample Sd. each. Boric Lint (B. P. .) 1 oz. packet ", 2 - per dozen; Hospital, 1 '9 per dozen. Cotton Wool (B.P.C) 10z. packet, 1 '10 per dozen; J Iospital, 1 '8 per dozen. .\11 post free. Cash with order. -.\';C]1to Bandage Co . , -+6, Cal1noJ1street, London, E. c.-t.

7 ~ d.

post

From

Messrs. W. & E. WATKIN, 12, Edgecombe Road, London, S. E.5.

27 03.

(post free).

Supp lied by

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon Street, London, E.C.4.

F I it S T

eueries and J\nswers eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules : I. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left band corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C, 4, 2,-All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue ot tbe Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue, -The Textbook, to which reference may be made in tbis column is the 38th lI9z8) Edition of S,J,A.A, Manual of First Aid,

-- - - - - - - - -- ---A,RTIFICIAL RESPIR_-\ rlO:'\ \\Tn) BROKE;": RIBS,

' _B. (Kidlinglon).-Please tell me how an ambulance l11an should proceed when he is r~storing an apparent ly drowned person who has one or 1110re broken ribs L)n each side, a~ he cannol apply cilher the recogni 'cd Sdlaf\' r llt- the Sihc~ter :\lethod. Your an~\\'cr tu tlli~ query \\'ill be Illuch appreciated by aile,,' rL'ac.ler of FIRS r _\w. Of l-our~c ) ou reali~e lilatthe djdgnLl~js of fractureu rihs ill an unconscious or a ' phyxiatecl ]1erson i~ a IlJl)Sl Jililcult propo~iliol1, Be thal a~ it may, the olncial answer to your query (which I obtained fr0111 a member of the Re\ isiun COl1lmiltee) is that fractured ribs arc not necessarily a contradicLion to thc Sl. John Prone Prpssure l\Iethod, \\'hich must bc Illodified in its applicalion so 111<tt no pressure likely to injure the lungs is placed 011 thl) fractured ribs. Schafer's ;\ldhocl uirfer~ in tbat pressure is exerted chieHy on the Inins.- N. CUHBET FLETC lIEI{'

(Calllbridge).-In a recent L'x<llllinatillll 1 askl'u a canclidate ,\"h at he \\'ould if be had to treat a llian ~uf fering" from FLlre ign Body in Throat. He promptly answered: "p~{J/c/z Ill'lIl 11Ilrd t'll lite pt'l o/Ihe slollladl llild lIIake llllJl 7.'OIlU'!," I alll1o~t collapsed with laugbkr an d at once decided to write to you.

:\1. .\,

Good!

Ne~t, please! !-

USE

N,C,I·,

A I 1).

l\Iarch, 1933.

miles m\c.l\_ Nllt a ~ingle d~ath frolll ha'morrhage during lra;lsport occurrec.I. Dr, Sta 'sl)n thinks thal the tL)uriqud is a frelJuent cause of s hnd" and gas ~- al1grene. By completely stl)Pping lhc blol)d circulation in the injured limb it promote" infection in the crushed and torn tissucs. It s n'11lmal is followed by absorption of poisons capable of killing' a patient already weakened by cold, shock and lo ss of blLlou. .\Uention was called Lo the faclthat at the Sixth lntemaliollal Congress llf :\lilitar) :'Ileuicinc ami Ph armacy \'arious speakers condC'llll1ed lhe tL)url1iquet in Ullequin)ca l tenllS. I t would <tpl1l'ar that, a nl' \\""pa[1l'l has "tLlIl1hkd al'l'os~ a Ltcl 1,)llg rL'cog-nised by doctl)r" and thal, a" Sll 111lL'n happell~, it i" rdailim,:- il a" sOlllething ne\\ 101 tIll' bel1l'lit of its la\, readers. Of l'l)UI-Se, the Tl)urniqul'l is a dant:'crou" il1strul1l~nt ; anu it is !:>l) uc!:>cribed by the Texthouk which 011 p_ 97 warn us to relax it "within half-an-hour llr s\.)oner if the tourniquet is cau::.ing much pain. Pcrsonall), I ha\'c ahniys taught lhat its u c is one llf the last reources of lirst aid, the other t\\'o being Bal1dagin~ Limb for Collapse and thc . \dmini stratiol1 of UranLl).-•. C.F.

FI~ "\\'- ll '''ES

UI, CL,\\llLE

\'1)

t\,C. F_ !71{ICTIO;>.' OF LDI11S f'nl~ SI[OCK_

From the Detailed :'IlClrking Shel't I gather that tilL' Fractured Cla\'icle (as WI.! should expect) i" rl'g'arul..'u ,lS the more ~erious illjury, and delll<lllds III i0rity ill trl'atl1lent. Conse4uenlly, 1 should trl'at lhi~ fracture ill tIll' ordinary way after ha\'ing applied the ~plinl!-. and banda~' l's fllr the Fractured Forearm as laid dl)\\' 11 ill the Texthollk . ~ll harlll will cOl1le to the Fractured Fore<.L1"l1l <I!:> thL' re ult of its its ele\'ation in a Sl. John ling.

L. D. (Oltawa, 011l.).-1 enclose a ne\.\'~paper clipping which S. B. (Stithians).-Oll p. 207 of the February I Y33 is~ue of FIRST Am thel-e is publi~hed Dl'lllilt'cl l~ftlr/.·/lIg" .)·lIl'iI .\ '0. ejO which is 1110St interesting. I cannot, ho\\ e\'er, understand -why under "Routine Examination of Patient" marks arc given for" Test if !:>till con~cious , " Pleasc tell me when the paticnt bccamL' ulll·on~cious. He did not! On the cuntrary you shou ld have noted frum the cuntext that" unconscious" is a printer's error fur " conscious_ "-N. C. F. TIWATi\JEl\''J' OF OXALIC ACII) POISONINl,_

P. 1\1. (Suuth Shields). - Recently 1 read in a paper thaL a girl swal lowed some Oxalic Acid and was treated by a police officer who, accoruing to the report, ground up a clay pipe and used the powder as an emetic with vcry good results_ De> you consid er this good trentmenl?

247

A I D .

R e\'ision Committee and myself as typical of Alcoholisn:, Thp- Textbook dpscribes the early. ~tagc \\·hen the fac~ , IS flushed, while I accept only a .condltlon of se\'e re s hock ,1<; indicali\'c of advanced Alcohollsm_ ;\Iost emphatically I agree with your contenllon that a llushed facc can ne\"er bc found with a lowercd tel:nreratu~e of the body. 1ndeed, I am in the habit of emphasl'>lng tl,lI'i very point in my lectures by speaJ<ing of a flushed fac~-\\'Ith flushed pulse, tlushed breathing ancl flu . hed sk ll1 a~d simi larly of a ,\\'hit~ fac~--.\\,~th 'w hit e pulsc, white hreathing- Hnd whltc sklll. - :\_C.Y'.

J.G. (Kiuul'rmin<;tcr):- \\'t' .an' ill douht as to whether \'i~ OI"l)U<; friction 01 tIll' Illllh " L1p\\'arclc; "hould he uncleltal,Tn in the ca'>C' ()f Shol' k nr Collap<;e r(,sLlllin~ frolll I I:l'll111rrlmgl' from Inll'rnal On,:"a ns, C( ncuSSlt)n or C\)!llpt('""inl1 nf Brain nr ·\Iwpll''\)" Can you Iwlp liS, pkaSL' ~ In thl' conuition<, nanwd hy \PU it i" essential. to. l.: rcp the patil'llt as quiet :l" pnssihk. ,() tIll' less Ihl' ;\I'tl\-e 1I1terfcrcnce ()f the Ilrst aidL'r the hetter arc the c.hn.nces In~ Ihe ,,;I\L' "\igorous frictIOn of Ill11hs P,l't "lt IL I . .S() \'l)U should · • . upwards" f\)r n~lldilior.l" \\' here there _IS a tl'l~lp.or~~Y,~tag,na til)!l nl circulatloll \\' Ithout any "l'nnll" nlg,lnl( (,lUSl. ~.c. F. 1;,,, ,\1

(Dl'c1n Dank). 011 p. 22/)Llfthl'FlhIUill), l()l .', j.,.,lIe l)f FI""',j' .\11) thl'le i" I)uhlishl'd /Jtll/iled . )ll1rllll.I..' .,)-I't'lI, .\ '0. ,J' \\ hich is Ill\lst illtlI'L'stil1!,!. The p,ltil'nl "ustaills Simple Fracture uf Chl\ iele and Illlpill'll'd Fracture ul Rauius, hoth injuril's l)n same limh. It is sug-~l'stl'd ill the marking ~lwL'l that a pau slwuld he placed ill the armpit; that thL' foreaml slwuld he p!;ICl'd l)11 chl'st ;lIld thL'n splinted; that an unnallled ;lI"I lI-sling ... Iwuld he u!:>ed, and, Iinall)" thal a h,)dy balllLlge slwuld Iw applied. I WC 1Cl)IllC .'llur opil1il.ll1 l)ll the flllhl\\ illg 11llillh : (a) 111 what IKlSitil)JJ is the fl)rl'ilrlll tll be pldl'L'd 011 che~t ? (b) \\-hich arm-!:>ling i~ illtelllild -; (c) Is the bl)d)- band<lge tl) Ill' applil'd ill tIll' ~IIlIHl ULlX mallner fl)r Fractured Clm ilk -;

OF TOCRN!QCET.

was sent to me by mail, 'without any commcnt or accompanying letter; and I shall appreciate any remarks which you may care to make thereon, The clipping reads as follows :The Touniquet bound tightly around the arm or leg to stop bleeding is no longer considered good practice in first aid, it appears from an editorial note in a British medical journal. The danger of too prolonged pressure with this instrument was emphasised and the tourniquel itself was referred to as "a disreputable relic of the pa~l whose only habitat should be the museum." For seven years a Belg"ian physician, Dr. 1\1. Stassen, has dispensed \\"itl1 the tourniquet in the Ilrsl aid equipments for which he has been responsible, the ma~azine pointed oul. During that time several hundred cases of compound fractures of the limbs in which the skin as well as the bones are broken, have been brought to Dr. Stassen's hospital from points nearly 40

Pipeclny, [rom ,,\'hieb tobacco pipes arc Ill~dc, i!o. a fine while plastic clay. Consequently a clfolY pi pC'" cru~hcd to a powd er, would scn'e as ;~ usl'ful <; UbstltL~t e for, whiten: ing", chalk or milg'ne,>ia," \\'hl('h arc nan~ed In_ the f_L'xth ooJ,." a"L'nts for the Corroslvc ,\"d s . • ]n , <as nClItr'l , lisin" . ,..,,.., • (1I '. 1-,") hrief, the pipcclay acted as anlldnte and not as cmetlC'. -

R\DllS.

I),E..

FIRST

March, 193 3.

l'l'I{I':'" (IF III '.\II';IH'" ,\;>.'() Foro:: \lnl.

]).I~. (I kan Bank). .\ pati"llt h"" "u"tainl'd Silllple FraclUll'" ()f I [ul111'ru"i in Illiddk (,f s haft andl)f hl)lh hones ()f furc;lIl11, both injuril''i l)n ,thl ,,,nnw li~l1.h. \\ 'hat t rlatllll nt \\l)uld )'llU SLq.,:'gL' ''t ~ '\ OLlr dCClslon i" rcgardl.'d as lin ,Ii.

F r:: rm 1.1': TIHF ,\ IIlIN(, \\'1'111 FHA CTUHES or FE~I\,R A~[) RIP.O::;. \\'.\\ '. (.\therton)_ - . \l a rccent praC"lic(' a di scussio n .a,r~se a<, to which would he the cor re ct method of ar~lflCial respiration in the case of a man \\"ho was found,lYll1g on his hack breathing feL'hlyand \\ ho was sur~enng f~om Simple Fractures of righl Femur an d of left L rrer R.lbs. \\' e a\\-a il your answer and \'"c thank you for prenous assistance. /\ s the patient is breathing it ,,-auld ce :\l e ddl es?ll1e First .. \id to attempt artificiai respiration. 'atural bre~th"ng, howe\'e r feehle, is helter than any imitation thereof ~rtl~cla!l'y produced. Further, the cause of the fee~le breathll1g- In thl~ in _tance is clea.rl\" Shock and Fractured Ribs. Consequentl) thc Icss the inte~fcrence with the patient, the better a_re hiS chance . . of recovcry, So do not hother about chOice of metl1()d of art ill cial rcspiration, but concentrate on tilE' treat111 nt of injuries and the assoc iated shock.-0.".c. F. I\lruTARY HOSPI TAL R ESER\'E. SAPPER" (Birmingham)_-Ag-e .li m_it for the aho\'e ~s -+5 hut ill certain circumstances, thiS IS extended to 5;:1. The pe'r"nn wishing to join mu ' t be physically lil. - EnrTorL II

TIll' Fra cl url'd .\rlll is till' nlllrc seriou" injury frolll the Ilr'il aid \ il'\\' ppint anJ delllallds pri,)ril y ill trl'allllLnL . I) l \\'l)uld cont nIl thi" fral'lLlIT with splints and handa~es, and then trl'at the Fracturl)d F,)rl'arlll ab() a" laid dn\\' n in tIll' Te\:tlwnk, though I "Iwuld Ill()dif~ till' lL' ngth ~)f the t\\'o ~plints Sl) that 111l'''~' "hould Ill) I o\'tr];~p thL: splIllts for the arlll. Finalh, I "ltl\ldd SLlpp,)rl 11ll' 11l11h III ;\ SIll;-t11 arm "ling. ~.c.l;,.

TllF,\I .\II,,,r (ll

\\'tH " ()';; OF

,\I ;nn.\II:-\,\1. \\ '.\U ..

1'. D. ('-itl1Urhl'idr-;l'). In the trl'atnwill (If \\'p und" ()f the frOllt wall (If thl' ahd'llllL'Il, \\ hell thL'n' is rlll pn)trusi()n PI' intlrllal 0I n :1I1", tIll' TL',thol)k ( p . 125) in . . lruch LIS h) apil" a hand ;~gl' li'l.,'hlll''- hut till' ('al,'/-IIISIlI f!1 F/rsl _ I /d <,late" that the han'dage "hnuld he applied ll,l.,'hill'. \\ 'ill }lHI kindly ..;ay which i ... cnrrect ?

The T(''\.thoo1.: tell'i 1I .... that th ' hnndage is u<;ed ,. to lix the dressing- in po ition" hUI, of c1 ur,.,e, if it i..:; "tied lightly" it \\-ill abo help to prL' \"l'nt till' possihility of protrusion, of internal organ..... Sll, in my ol,inil)n, t 11(' Textbook reading is the correct one.-~.c. F_

C. W. (Slwnleld).

In the 3, th Edilion of the Textbook (1"".\lcohol," we read thnt "thL' face is usually flushed, the FLipils equally dilated and fi"ed, the temperature of lhe hody low ered." In your " //clS 10 F,'rsl . lid under the sa m c heading, h O\\'e\'e~, we r e ad I I face palc, pupih equal and dilated, pulse feeb le or absent, _ kin col d," [ would like to kno\\' how the facc can he Ilushed ",hile the hody temperature is lowered, It seems to me t hat your description is the correcl one and that the Te,tbook err'> 0'1 this point.

LEGAL QUERIES. l~.

n. (Blackhurn)_- The ~rounds you mention are not

<;unlcient for a Ui\·orcc. -

E. ~lAI TI.ANn \\'O OLF_

F . II. L. (Sullon). - If YOLl thoLlg-ht that the docume nt \\"as of another kind, the fa c t that yOLl signed it ,,,ill nOI make \OU li ab le on it. If you mcreh' thought ~hat yOLlr liahiliti"L's \\'o ulJ not he \\"hat they an:, 'you will he liahle E.;\1.\\'.

Th e Briti , h R ed Cross Society \\-ill hold a course of Se\"en lectures and demonstrations on Tropical Hygi e ne, on l\ \ o'1days, \\'ednesdays and Fridays, cOlllmencing on Friday, _-\ pril 21 st, at 8, Chesham-!:,treet, Belgra \'e-sq u~re, S, \V_1., at .30 p.lll. The co urse \nll co\'e r _ uch 9uestlOns as food, c lothino- and medical and sanitary precautIOns necessary for health i~ hot countries_ The exami nation for the British Red ero, s Society'S certificate in Tropica l Hygiene " 'ill be held on :'Ila\, 10th, Fees for the COLi r e are 5 - for member of the Red Cro s Society, and 7/6 for non-members.

17G), under the heading of

The diffL-rence in s igns and sympto ms is due to the dilTerent s taRc s of intoxication which are regarded by th('

In "on ntction with the serie of 200 Air Pag-eants in England, Scotland and 'Wales, \\'hich are being ~~ganised thi~ year by the British Hospitals' Air Pageants, HI.s Royal Highncss Arthur of Connaught, Chairman of the ftddlesex Hos pital, and lr. Charles \\'. A. cott, :\.F_C., the renowned Briti s h flying- ace, \\"ho holds the Englan~-A~ tralia record, took part in a film, \\"hich is •.to he , hO"'n In c ll1ematoo"raph theat res in all parts of the h.ll1gdom . Se\'e ral w a rds ott he 1\\ iddles ex Hospital \\-e re lilme d, and s uhseq uentlya visit was made to \\'arclo llr-st ree t studio ,,"here scp nes w e r~ r ecord ed,

248

FIRST

A I D.

March, 1933.

S.J.A.B. POSTERS STOCK

Bizes-40 in. x 5iJ8 in.; & 20 in. x 12 in. Printing Spa.ces-I8 in. x 17 in. ; & 9 in. x 8 in.

Especially suitable for advertising the Brigade Film. A local printer c..an fill In the blank space with any re~ulred matter.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRICADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

Regulation-Right! Quality-Right! Price-Right All Uniforms cut to Customer's own measurements

NURSES

COATS,

SPECIALITY.

Send P. C. jor Price List and Sell-measurement 'orms.

THORNTON

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

co.,

No. 281.

AIDa

YORKS.

AID.

THE VENO DRUG CO., Ltd., Manufacturing Chemists, Manchester, IEn:oland.

Tlu ma1tu./acturr:rs will be delig-lded to scnd /a· trial sample, free of charge, to members of the medi· cal jro.fcssi01l and to nurses and Iwspital officials WILO enclose tIL I' i r pro./essional cards.

Uniforms & Equipment. Latest Pattern Ambulance Uniforms a Speciality.

WHY

UNIFORM CLOTHING &EQUIPMENT, CO., Ltd. 5,10,11,Olerkanwell Qreen, LONDON, E.C.l. Telephone: Clerkenwell 6682.

Telegrams: Unlqulp, London.

AMBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE, By F. C. BOTfOMLEY, M.D. A booklet to aid those interested in Ambulance and Stretcher \Vork.

Large Size Small n

TESTS

WHEREFORE

FIRST-AID.

HINTa

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLll:a.

Post fr~e, 3d. orderly Datles lIlmplllled aD~ Tabulated, wltll !ldl to .emory, ~ ",011 co",pact b"oc""", • . co"tai"s ",t4e" IISlftl i"formalifJ".J1-PRESClUBBR

FIRIIT AID.

Illustrated by So diagrams In Colours with Explauatory Letterpress. By Sir JAMBS CANTLlB, K.B.E., LL.D., M.A., M.B. C.M. , F.R.C.S., D.P.H .R.C.P. 1!d. net; post free.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES. Mounted on Canvas, Roller top and bottom. 255 . net each. Post, IS. Human Skeleton, front view. 2. Muscles, front view. 3.• Humau Skeleton back view 4. Muscles, back view. 5. The Heart and prinCIpal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (B) 8 Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest and Abdome'n (D). 10. The Nervous System. II. Schematic diagram of Circnlati,?n 12. The Human Ear. 13 The Human Eye. 14. Median Section tbrough Sklu IS. Median Section throu!!:h Head. I.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. M ale, 80S. net.

F emale, 80S. net.

'\lith Foetus, 85S. net.

Carriage 2 •.

A book that is selling by the hundped. Their Signs, Symptoms a'ld "First Aid Treatment~ An Ideal Memorizer Quick Reference. By A. T . GOODING. With Preface by WILLIAM L OCK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN NICOLSON, M.A., l\I.B., Cb.B.Glas. III. :3d . net post free.

CARVBLL,

M.R.C.lI.Bn,.

HOME .. URIII .. a

....

45. per dozen.

2s. 6d.

X2pp.

I..

Cloth, 6d.

Strong paper. 2d.

Post Id.

FEW WORD •• (56th thousandl. Revised

With useful reference tables.

Strong paper, :ad.

pp.

BANDAalNC

Post Id.

DIABRA •••

X2 PP.-72 bandaging diagrams, with notes.

Strong paper, :ad.

Post xd.

HEALTH IN FEW WORDII. By Sir R. tJ. PIRTH, D.P.H P.R . C.S.

20th Thousaud.

Paper folder 3 in. and .lrJ.

Post free 3d. net.

D.",oNsI"ato" 10 Ih, Polyt"hNie . THE TRIA .. CULAR BANDABE: Price 15. uet ;.postage, ~d Its Application Accurately Described by Words and IIO Diagrams. THE ROLLER BANDABE. Price 15. net; postage, 2d. lis Application Accuratelv Described by Words and 102 Diagrams.

HOWARD

PRBSTOl'l,

FIRBT-AID A.. ATOMICAL DIAgRA ••• %3(1 to 12andI4)onRolI No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs l l:a THE COMPLETE MANIKI... Price 2s. net; postage .d

Post free, 31. 9d. net.

System~ of Body accurately indexed.

Invaluable to Students of Anatom~ Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects.

THE WHOLE ART OF BA .. DARI .... By

Tlla .. LA

nOWsBR.

Illustrated.

Post free, II. 2d.

POCKET FIRIIT AID BERIE ••

Remt'ttances MUST accompany all orders

.~".

AND

With Coloured Diagrams.

Bend fop Pploe List and Pattepns to-

TOUOH [!If}

COMPETITION

FIR.T AID IN FEW WDRDII. (200th thousaud) Revised.

PRICES, post free:

. .

FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Price II. 2d., PO!t free. DllltCialtlea la Itady alld Treatment lolted by Questloa IIId Allner. "w, cO",,,,,Nd thil Dook to L,etll".rs ""d StweU"ls w,,~ will jfNd it fJI V'fJll unJu,. J1- FlltST AID.

P.rice 2d. each, post tree.

"First Aid," ,,6, Cannon Street, London, E _C 4.

ERRORS

ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES.

~~~!!!!!!~~~~~~~~~!!!!!!!!!

ASEPTIC OINTMENT (1/3 & 31-)

FIRaT-AID.

(Stretcher Individual and Question-Six Folders). Price 6d. each net, post, I ~d Each Folder contains special article on Competitions :-No. I, Training of Com. petition Teams; No.2 , Conduct of Team in Competition Room; NO.3. Common Errors In Competition ; NO.4, Further Errors In Treatment; NO.5, History 0 Competition Tests; No.6, Preparation of Tests.

lEST AID CHEAPEST HOUlE IN THE TRADE.

Germolene Ointment has an imrr.edi· alely beneficial action on aty skin tr( uble. Owing to its 'Aseptic' action, the b urnmg and smarling associated with Antiseptic treatment is eli min~ted . The wound is thoroughly ~teri ~Ised , . and clean healing begins ImmedIately. The non·irritan t action is specially appreciated in dealing with children, for it does away with the tendency to scratch. Bandages are easily prepared, for slight heat reduces Germolene to the consistency of cream. which sinks instantly in to the pores. High p.raise from users, both professIOnal and domestic, provides conclusi ve evidence that YOU should use Germolene ao; the first aid for ANY skin affection.

USOOTHES AT A

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, St. John's Gate, LONDON, E. C. r.

II. net: post :ad. Errors III Plrst·Ald Detailed aDd Explained. , 7 his oook glrJu a cl.fJI",r i"sig-hi i"Io llu ",.Ihods a"d difftct4ltill fJ) ,"'."g-."CjI I".al"""t by lay",." t"a" llu otJicial T'~tbooR ilnlf."-LANCET.

Price, 3 /6; post tree, 4/~. THE

HOME-NURaINQ.

I:FFIOIENOY

M.R.C.S.

"As a work of reference, the book will be excremely useful and hould be in the library of all amhulance workers. "-FIRST .\ID.

Of all chemists through· out the British Em pire . Sole Distributors:

Post free, II. 3d. Problems la Stady, Tuatmeat aDd EumlDaUoa 101.04 lor Sellier lItadeate •• Withflt41 dowlJl tlu OOOR will b. 01 K",al urfJiCl i" llu l"fJli"i"g fli thfJU ffJ" w-ko", Ii II cUli,e".d."-BRIT1SH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.A., M.B

FIRaT-AID.

Third Edition. Re ~ised . Price II. :ad •• post free. Bllle.Plunlllg SImplifIed aDd Tabulated, wltll Aldl tl .emory • • This bfJOR wo,.cU"t-lly li",pli/ils a comjl.~ IlIb;.el a"d lholllti b, ",ad hal. IIt4cU"ls ."-L. &: N.W. Rv. GAZBTTB.

AMBULANCE

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT,

:rOfANYslinIroublP

B.l.(CutaIJ), .,R.C.!

Seventh Edition. Post free, IS. :ad. Plrst.!1 lIimpllfled aDd TabUlated, with Aldl to .ellory. C1I1. Si" !a",.1 Calltlze cfJ"tribt4tll a" i"t"odt4clio" a"d w. ,,,do,,,. Isis r llfla ODi"io,. 0./ tJubOOR."-LANCBT.

COMMON

24, Commerolal St•• BRIGHOUSE, TBLBPH " NB

MANU ALS OF FIRST-AID, &C., 8y R. CORBEl fLE'CHER ••• B" B.C"

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon Street, London, E.C.4.

"FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIE~ COUPON.

By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM. C.B •• C.M.O .. C.I.B •• D.!J.O" M.1l (I) Polsoulng, (2) Haemorrhage, (3) Insenslb!llty) (.~) Asphyxia (Snspended Bt~at' Ing) (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, l6) Wounds, Bltes Burns, SC51dJ Rupture aud Minor Iujurles. The Series contains all the essent ials of First Aid Printed on lineu·lined cards, 31 In. X 5! In. Third Edition. 6d. ue nch postage 2d extra.

To be ,ut out and enclosed with all QuerJu

AID- TO MEMORT FOR FIRBT AID IITUDENTS AND .. URSES VBRNON NBWTON. M. R ~ .•• (BDW l. 9d. net. Pest

MARCH,

1933

JOHN

B4LE,

SONS

DANIELSSON.

88-91, Gpeat Titchfieid Stpeet London

Lid.

W .l.

Hobson&S (London) LL~""

I I

A. WYLIE & co .. ME D.,.t ~A~LS, BADGES

Manufacturers of Uniforms, Hear , ,-'sses, Accoutrements for

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE.

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

AND

TROPHIES

SPECIAL OFFER of

All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed

No. 466.-VoL. XXXIX.

suitable for

.. FIRST AID"

AMBULANOE AND 8001ETIE8.

LIMITED QUANTITY ONLY. Patterns &. Measurement Forms sent free

O,iginal Designs and Quo/a/tons post I,ee.

No. 77Bronze, 3/- j Sliver, ... /6; Sliver, Oold Centre, 6/9·

Wholasala Pric8sto all uFIRST AID" SOCIETIEI. Contractors to H.M. Ministry of Munitions, Russian Government, &c.

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I. Phone-Hop 0680 & 7065.

London Showroom-

HOLBORN

62,

EQUIPMENT.

.. STERAID ' (Regd.) series of absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dressings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers only the quantity of gauze or lint required; alter cutting this off, rotate the Container in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from exposure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded the Certificate oj the Institute oj Hygiene.) All Dressings are of GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFACTURE. I ' SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for receiving soiled dressings, Eanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing in any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring, without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS ; SANITARYTOWELS; all classes of FIRST-AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements.

BEND FOR PRICE

~OBE~T

LISTS:-

BAILEY & SON, Ltd.

MAI{I{IOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT

READERS.

VIADUCT,

E.C.

ASEPTO BANDACE COMPANY, 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.0.4.

Before purchasing yOUI' supplies of

SURCICAL DRESSINGS, FIRST AID APPLIANOES, BANDAGES, etc., Ask

us for a

quotation-

YOU WILL SAVE MONEY.

Best

Quality - Quick Delivery Lowest Prices. Sole Agents for the well-known

ASEP 0

INSTANTANEOUS BANDAGE. THE PEI{FECT STEI{ILISED DRESSING. SAVES TIME WHEN

SECONDS COUNT.

ard Ilt 137, Sentiuel Hou8e, Southampton Row, London, W.C.I. Printed and t'ublisheu. by DALE, REYNOLDS & Co., Ltd., 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4, to whom all communications should be addressed. 7eleg,-ams-- Cl Twentp-jou,-, London." Telephon:e-Central I42 I • • To be bad of all Newsagents, Booksellers and Bookstalls in the United Kin~dom and at all RaIlway Bookstalls of Messrs. W. H SmIth and Sons.

THIS

NUMBER.

EDITORIAL-

Fir ... ! .\id on the Rands rhc IIospitallcr ... ' lub COll11llon \l i.·lakcs in First .\id l1hituar) \I r. ,\rtilur Thoma.,; Dale, ~1.J. I. :\lr. harles Alan Palmer - OI11C ·':ljuels tl) .\ ccidenls 'otes on Competitions :\ew .\ntiseptir and Healing Ointl11ent . ]. A. Brigade District Reports I"l Lping them [nterested... p .ory for Wale The Preparation of Competilion Te Is Voluntary Aid oci~ties ... ,\mbu lance 1 e ws and uttin g from the Press Railway Ambulance News The Royal Life Saving ociet)' Police Ambulance News Our Nurses' Pages Review Home Ser\'ices Ambulance Committee

24-9 250 250 251 251 252 254 255 256 259 260 261 261 262 263 266 267 26 ' 270 270

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

Compression of Axillary Art ry Examination Howler Artificial Respiration for Electric Shock Uses of Sal Volatile ... Preparation of Competition Test Methods of Artificial Respiration Shock for Abdominal Injury ... Action of Iodine Injury to Femoral Artery Bandaging Limbs for Collapse Letters to the Editor

P~ICE

THREEPENCE

[3/6 PER ANNUM, POST FREE

EDITORIAL.

Annual Subsc ription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3d. Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work n all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send ArtIcles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers. All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at the lddress below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and mast be accompanied (not necessarily jor publication) by the name and add ress of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREKT, LONDON, E.C.4. 7 elegraphic A ddre!s -" Twentl'·lotlr, London." 7 depho n(-Central I(pI.

CONTENTS OF

Entered at ] [ Stationers' Hall

The

Telepbone- 0840 Cltv.

North of England Office: 22, YORK PLACE, LEEDS.

SURCICAL

APRIL, 1933.

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month.

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL.

ADDRESS-

NOTICE

OORPS

TROUSERSPrivates-13/9 per pair. on receipt of Post Card.

FIRST AID

""!to/esa/e M.kers 01

272 272 272 272 272 274 274 274 274 274

TIlE advent of Summer Time brings to our minds the greatly TIlE ROAD. increased amou n t of traffic that will be on the roads during the next six months, and we wonder when the authorities \vill present some concrete scheme to deal with road accidents. FIRST AID O~

It is by no means the first time that we have referred to this important subject, but little seems to have been done to relieve the voluntary ambulance services who do duty on road patrols. True, under the Road Traffic Act , 1930 , certain classes of motor vehicles are compelled to carry first aid outfits, but this only covers a small minority of the vehicles that use the road. Every motorist private or pu blic, should be forced to carry an outfit in the same way as they are compelled to carry a fire extinquisher. But first aid appliances without a first aider being present to utilise them are useless, and that brings us to the question of : How many employers of motor drivers, conductors and the like endeavour to interest their workers in the nobl~ art of first aid? There are, unfortunately, very few and the exceptions are all the more to be congratulated on their interest in this subject. A little encouragement goes a long way, so it is up to the employers to interest, not on1\' their workers, but themsel ves as well. et the e~am pIe and the employees will follow. Some will say it is a wast~ of time and money, but to such we would point out to them the examples set by the railway authorities colI~ery owners, etc., who rcpeatedly state tha't the time and money spent in teachinO' their men first aid is repaid over and over again~ . It is clear, therefore, that employers must give the lead, and that soon, so brinO'inO' them into line with the other employers ~vh~ cater for the public.

FIR S T

250

The Hospitallers' Club. T the meeting held at the Cora Hotel on Friday, April 7th, a lecture was given by Dr. Iorri Korn, F.R.C .S., I.R.C.P., on "Venereal Disea~e - Its Hygienic and Social Aspects." The lecturer pointed out that now persons can receive treatment at the various c1ini s and institutions set apart to combat this disease, which is far more prevalent than the ordinary per~on can imagine. He said that in these days every possible precaution is taken against the spread of the scourge if only the person will go to the proper authorities. He pleaded for the proper sex education of young persons as a means to a better understanding of the human body and its functions. The lecture was i\lustrated by lantern slides and proved to be a very profitable evening.

Common Mistak es in F irst Aid'. THE UXCONSCIOUS PATIE

THE partially or wholly unconscious patient is often the victim of mistakes, some absurd and trifling, others fatal. Veteri nary su rgeons are used to finding out what they want to know without the spoken word. But human beings are so dependent on it that they are nonplussed by the silence of unconsciousness. They flounder hopelessly, not being Sherlock Holmes either by instinct or training. A very common mistake is to assume that because an unconscious person smells of alcohol he must be dead Jrunk. Many a man has been locked up in a police cell overnight on the assumpthat he was merely dead drunk, and has been found dead next morning from some disease, such as apoplexy or diabetic coma. The unconscious patient is temporarily robbed of the sense of pain-that great gift we are apt to consider an unmitigated curse. Pain makes him keep his fractured thigh quiet. In the absence of pain and unconsciousness, the first aid worker must exercise his imagination, putting himself in the place of the patient and making sure that his fractured thigh is moved as little as possible. It is the lack of such vicarious imagi nation that is responsible for hot-water bottle burns by thoughtless nurses. There are to-day co untless ex-patients who will carry to their graves the scars for which this accident is responsible. O ther expatients are already in their graves because of this

A I D.

April , 1933.

mistake, about which every probationcr is warned. Yet it recurs repeatedly. In first aid classes hints arc given as to the examination o( the eyes of the unconscious. J\ I uch can be learned if the exam i ncr has ma 'tered the elemcn ts of physiology of thc eyes. I t is a mistake to as 'umc that lack of SVll1mctr\, of the cyes must bc due to thc accident" which "has jw,t occurred. For inequality of the pupils aJ1d other asymmetricalmanif stations may be of old ~tanding and have nothing to do with the accident. Or the first aider worker may overlook the fact that one of the eyes is artificial! 'uch yes, in the head of unconscious patients, ba\'c played many a trick on the unwary. Another common and sometime ' fatal mi ·take is to pour hrandy or some other stimulant down the throat of an uncon cious or half-c nsciolls patient. The fluid thu admini tered with the best of intentions may travel c.il)wn th windpipc and set up bronchitis or pneum nia, if it doc not kill the patient offhand by choking him. The causes of un ons iousn s arc almo~t numberless. But some are very mu h morc Illmon than others. Two f the most common are epilepsy an 1 an ordinary faint. In either case it is well to leave the pa.tient wh re he is for a pell. If the unconsciousness i clue to lainting alone, the patient will regain onsciousness mor quickly in the recumbent position than if he i. made t sit up. For in so cloi ng the blood su ppl y to his hrai n will be diminished. Yet it is probahh-Iack of su h a blood supply that has mad him faint. This I sson i illustrated b\ the old experiment with the two rabbits, the \ i1d ~nd the tame. The wild rabbi t held up by it ears wi lIon ti 11 ue to kick indefinitely without fainting, because th tone of its blood ~essels is so well maintained that thc brain is not drai ned of it blood su ppl y. The tamc rabbit, however, is a comparatively flabby creature \\hose blood vessel easilv dilate_ \\Then this rabbit is held up by its ears, "it soon faints, because the blood which should be circulating through its brain ha gravitated into the flabby abdominal b:ood vessel. It will therefore regain consciousness only when its head is at the same level, or lower than, its body. ~lany men and women faint after standing a Ion CT time ina crowd for the same reason. Although not a drop 0 f blood has been spilled, their brains have b~en temporarily bled white. The first aid worker who remembers the tame experimental rabbit when helping unconscious patients, will keep them in the horizontal position until consciousness has retu rned " instead of maki ng them sit up and take a gulp of brandy which may go the wrong way.

- " r'iiEPLuMBER &

JOURNAL OP H E ATI NO," monthly) is THE paper for all progressive trade~· men " Publlsbin2 Offtce: j6. Canoon Street E . C . .. .

18.

FIR S T

April, 1933.

Obituary. .1R. ARTIIUR TIIO~1AS DALE, F.J.I. IT is \V i th deep regret that wc an nounce the death of ~rr. Arthur Thomas Dale, F.J.I., who passed peacefully away at his home, Snaresbrook Hall, Snaresbrook, Essex, in the early hours of Friday, April 7th, aged 77. h. Dale was Governing Director of Dalt>, Reynolds c' 0., Ltd., the Pu bl ishers of FIR <:;T AID and Tech n ical Journals. Ou r old r readers \\ ill remem ber ~I r. Dale as an carne t worker in fir t aid circles. As far back

A I D.

251

means of furthering the cause of the Vol u n tary Ambulance and Fire Services, not only in this country, but also abroad. He was the recipient of many testimonials and illuminated addresses as the result of his good work, many of which were from abroad. He was made an honorary life member of the Italian Federation of Firemen and was presented with their gold insignia, ribbon and diploma. :\1r. Dale was also a :\lembre d' Honneur de la Federation Royal de Belgiquie, Membre d' Honneur de la Federation de Sapeurs Pompiers de France et d' Algerie, Coballero Hospitalario de St. Juan Bautista, Spain, etc. In 1911 he handed the editorship of this J ou rnal to his elder son, M r. Arthur B. Dale, who met with an accident in 1928, the injuries he received proving fatal. He was closely connected with trade exhibitions, and one of his most val ued possessions is a silver medal and diploma from the Italian Governmen t for special services rendered at the ~lilan Exhibition. In 1896 he organised the Tournament and Exhibition of the t\ ational Fire Brigades' Union, which was held in London. The funeral took place at the City of London Crematorium, liford, on April 11th, at which representatives of the deceased's many connections were presen t. Mr. Dale leaves a widow, a married daughter and four grandchildren, and to them we extend Ollr deepest sympathy in their sad berea\'ement.

MR. CHARLES ALAN PAL II ER. VYE regret to announce the death of

as 1894 he took his first certificate in First Aid in the Metropolitan District of the St. John Ambulance Association) and from that date onward he took the greate tin terest in am bulance work. In February, 190~, he obtained control of this Journal (at that time the Independent Journal [or the Ambulance and Fire Brigade Services) and was co-editor in conjunction with the late Mr. John Reynolds. This partnership continued until September, 1905, when Mr. Dale assumed full control. During his editorship the Journal was the

1r. C. Alan Palmer, on 1\Iarch 24th last, at St. Albans. Aged 73. :\1 r. Alan Palmer com menced his ambulance career in 1885, and, in that year, he formed the Leopold Ambulance Corps at the Church of England Young Men's Society, Ludgate Ci rcus, with Prince Leopold as President. He took duty at Scotland Yard in the riots of the winters of 1885-6. ~1r. Palmer was very active in encouraginothe teachi n g of first aid in the late ei o-hties and early nineties, and was Hon. Secretaryb for many years to t,,-o or three London Centres of the S.J .A.A. In this connection he had the active su pport of the Duke of Con naught and Princess Beatrice . I n one year alone (1 95) these centres held 110 classes. The Association Report for 1895 speaks eulogistically of his work and also announced that in future the District Secretary would conduct the business of the District work in the limits of the City and Port of London proper. Through his efforts and influence this Journal

FIR S T

A I D.

April , 1933.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------

made its first appearance in July, 1894, under the editorship of Dr. Howard, who died in 1925. In June, 1887, John Furley called him to a meeting at t. John's Gate and the :\Ietropol i tan Corps was formed, and incorporated the members of the Leopold Corps; he was appoi n ted Fi rst Officer and acted until 1 89. A keen cyclist, he then founded the Cyclist Division and became its Superintendent, resigning in 1895. He returned to active interest in the Brigade by becoming Superintendent of the Carshalton Division from 1916 to 1921. During the \\-ar he took part in air raid duty in the City. :'Ioving to St. Albans in 1920, he soon realised the need of a Brigade unit in the town, and in 1922 organised a public meeting, started the City of St. Albans Division and helped to raise funds for headquarters, and became vice-President and Hon. Treasurer of the Division. He was the organising Hon. ecretaryof a First Aid Exhibition held at the Central Hall , Holborn (about 1894). He was elected an Honorary Serving Brother of the Order of St. John in June 1893 (one of the first members of the Brigade to receive the honour ). Active in 1885 and still active in 1922, he attended me~tings until quite recently. Thus has passed one who had given over 45 yea rs to ambulance work and to the Order of St. John. He leaves a widow, a son and two daughters, with whom we deeply sympathise in their sad bereavement. The funeral took place at St. Paul's Church, St. Albans, on 10nday, March 27th, when a detachment of Brigade men, led by the Hon. Su rgeon, Dr. J. Vif. Cleveland, provided a guard of honour at the church.

The final competitions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade will be held at the Great Central Hotel, London, on Friday, June 2nd. We understand that Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, will present the prizes.

Supt. J. GardinE'r and First Officer P. S. Todd, of the Keswick Division, S.J.A. B. , have been awarded the insignia of Serving Brother of the Order of St. ] ohn for long and useful service.

We are pr epared t o s upply Ambulance Secretaries and others w ith speci men copIes of t his Journal for distribution among t hei r members.

Apply

the

Publishe rs, FIRST AID, 4 0 Cannon St., London E.C.4 .

Some Seq uels to Accidents, or,

TIlE Ai\[BUL\ NCE:

IIO;\[E

Nl ' RSE."

By CAPTAIN NOR IAN HAi\li\lER, 1\1. R .C . ., R . A . i\l. C. I. - - SHOCK

,\0/])

DELIHI

AFTER

CL'l DENTS.

(Conc!udedjrolll pacre 227.) Secondary Slwck - or true delayed shockoccur after the patient ha had ample time to recover from the primary shock. \Vhere the pri mary shock is great, secondary shock will be a prolongation of it--one cond ition passi ng into the other, just as in our cases of insensibility, we ar told in the Textbook, stupor may m rge irlto oma. I f the primary shock was less sev re, Se 'onc.lary shock may appear after an interval, or it may ari e independentl y. econdary shock i always made worse, and its onset is encouraged, hy loss of blood, cxpo ure to cold, hunger, fear, or exhausti n. \ Ve have said tint primary hock i in s me ways helpful to re overy from an a ident; but secondary shock, whether a prolongation (i.e., absence of reactioll) of primary sho k, or whether it arises i ndependen tly, i a seriollS matter al \\'a ys. The exact causes of secondary shock ar not L1efinitely known, but in all cases of it wc find these conditions present :-(1) Fall of blood pressure clue to (he \\ ak:nc'1s of the heart's heat (as in primary sho k). (2) A concentration of bloocl in the caP/limy network of the whole body, wi th resul ti ng 10 s of volume in the amount of bloocl still circulating. This also helps to cause a further fall in the blood pressure. (3) Fluid is lost to the body by bleeding if presen t, and by perspi ration. (4) No one knows the cause of the blood concentration in the capillaries. The lowered blood pressure and the stagnation of blood in the capillaries causes the blood to get emptied of its oxygen, and fu II of CO and other poisonous su bstances. Also, as part of the general depression of all the vital functions (already referred to earlier), the activity of other filtering and cleansing mechanisms, such as the kidneys, is interfered with, and the blood gets still more impure. Secondary shock may depend in some way on this impu1'e state of the blood. It is be lieved, too, that when muscle substance is crushed, a poisonous substance is produced which causes great shock, how, exactly, is not definitely established. I t m~y be that this su bstance acts in two ways, by causll1g :-2

April, 1933.

FIRST

(1) A general dilatation of the capillaries, so concentrating blood in them. (2) An increased permeability of the capillary walls, so that much of the fluid content of the blood passes out of the capillaries 'into the tzssztes; and so the volume of blood is further diminished, and the blood in the capillaries becomes less liq uid and more thick with corpuscles. So z'n any case 'we get tlzz's: the vital centres in the brain are affected (with resulting interference with the normal working of v ital processe~) by (1) less blood getting to them (cerebral ancemia), and (2) the impure state of the blood that does reach them. The symptoms of secondary shock are those of the later stage of pri mary shock. The patien t has a \\'eak, very rapid" running" pulse; the skin all over the body is cold and clammy; the breathing is quick and shallow j fingertips, nose and ears get blue; and patient is collapsed and utterly ItllCOIlScz'Ol(S.

The onset of symptoms suggesting secondary shock in a a e under the care of a Home Nurse clemand the i m med iate notification of the medical man in harge of the case; in circumstances, as on s hipboard, \\ here no doctor is in charge, or in circumstances when the doctor is not readily availa ble, treatment may be instituted by the Home \ursea [ lIow :-(1) Patient recumbent. Head lo\\'. (2) urround with warm blankets, and where climatic conditions do not forbid, use hot water hott les (suitahly protected, using the usual precaut ions as in the Home \' u rsi ng Textbook) to pa k round him. (3) Th b dy temperature may be kept up by supporting th bedclothes on a cradle, and putting in one or more electric lamps to raise the temperature of the air rOLlnd the p;:{tient's body to 100-105 degs. I-iahr. (4) If the patient is conscious, give hot weak tea with a tea poonful of bicarbonate of soda added to each cu p. (5) Fluid may be given by mcans of an enema --either hot coffee (5 oz.), normal salt solution, or bicarbonate of soda (a teaspoonful to each ounce of water) . (6) The captain of a hip, where no surgeon is carried, or the Home Nurse in certain countries, may have available, and be competent and permitted to administer, morphia. If the patient is conscious, and pain is excessive, a 1 grain tablet may be placed under the tongue . 1 his does not apply, of course, to cases in the United Kingdom . B . TRAUMATIC DELIRIU 1. B . Another sequel of accident or severe injury is TRAUMATIC DELIRIUl\I. "Traumatic" is an adjective meaning "aris ing from, or due to, injury." Deliri urn is a sym ptom on ]y, but the

A I D.

253

First Aider or Home Nurse should be prepared to meet it and deal with it. Three forms may be described . (1) Actz've Delz'rz'unz after severe injury, usually found in strong, full blooded, active people, such as will be the majority of the patients treated by First Aiders and Home Nurses for whom this article is primarily written--those of our colleagues who do their jobs often far from the nearest doctor, in the bush, in lonely veldt farmsteads, in tramp steamers, in mining and lumber camps. These patients do seem to be affected by the sudden change from an active or even laborious life in the open air to the quiescence and restraint and inactivity of a sick bed. In these cases, too, we always find that some degree of in fection of the wound is present i this causes a rise of temperature, and the active delirium seems to depend on the state of fever as well as upon the general condition after the accident. The patient is worse at night. He is never v£olent, but is always very restless, and moves his injured limb as if he did not feel the pain that we expect the movements to cause. The condition usually starts on the third day after the injury, and may last for two or three davs. The treatment of the delirious state is largely firmness and tact, and gentle persuasion to take food and fluids. The onset of the delirium should be reported to the doctor as soon as possible, as £t £s an -indzcation to hz'm of the possz'ble presence oj z'njectz'on -in tlte wound. Never leave a patient suffering [rom delirium; apply an icebag to the head i keep the bowels active, the diet light, and encourage the patient to drink much ftuid--drinks such as barley water or lemon water. The infected wound must be attended to. (2) Low Delz'n'zt17Z occurs after accidents in patients of the opposite type to the one just described--of low vitality, worn out by hunger, chron ic ill-heal th, dissipation, or faulty surroundings. This condition is serious, and very careful nursing and feeding under medical supervision is essential. The patient is quite prostrated, mutters to himself, plucks at the bedclothes, takes no notice of his surroundings, is dull and apathetic; he lies on his back, staring up at nothing. (3) Delz'rim7Z Tremens (" the trembling delirium ") occurs after an accident when the patient has been a drinker. On the third day after the accident, violent and delusional delirium appears, u sually preceded by a short period of sleeplessness or b roken sleep, with spells of incoherence of speech and dull wandering of the mind . The violent delirium is accompanied by delusions of sight, usually of a loathsome or terrifying nature. They' 'see snakes, " and so on. During this stage patient may do himself or other people an injury. The bowels do not act, the tongue is furred J

254

FIRST

a nd t remulolls, the lim bs tremble, an d the whole body may be cold and clammy . Pu lsc and te m perature vary. The period of excitement is fo llowed by a period of exhaustion, in wh ic h the patient is in a state of stupor which may deepen into coma . TVarning of an attack of Delirium Tremens occurring during the Home Nursing of an accident case is given by : (i) P revious knowledge of the patien t's alcoholism. (ii) Sleeplessness or broken sleep with mental wandering . (iii) Trembling of hands and or tongue. \ ;Vhen any of these are noted, the doctor in charge should be warned, and the patient well purged. During the attack the task of the Home Nurse is difficult indeed. The patient must be prevented from hurting himself, his injured limb, and other people j but the restraint should be as unostentatious as is compatible with adequacy. During the quiet intervals, which alternate with the bouts of violence, light, nourishing food should be given. Further treatment along tl1e lines of (a) quietening the patient and (b) preserving his strength, is a matter for the medical man, but morphia may be given in circumstances we have alreaay rpferred to in connection with Secondary Shock (6). If a First Aider deals satisfactorily with an accident case he has performed a great service to his patient. How much more has been done by a Home Nurse who deals with the after care of such a case, especially if it is complicated by any of these conditions we have spoken of? How great is his satisfaction to see his patient, after perhaps long incapacity, ::tlive and well? Then, truly, trained devoted altruism brings its own reward, and the long hours of study and the self sacrifice of service are indeed proved worth while. These conditions of SIwek (Primary and Secondary)and TraumatieDelz'rz'mn are examples o( sequels of accz'dents which concern us both as First Aiders and Home Nurses. Other sequels of accidents which also overlap from the one subject into the other are Concussion and Compression of the Brain. \;Vith these we shall deal later.

Div. Supt. Ernest Claypole, Kettering Division, S.J.A.B., has been informed that he will be invested with the insignia of Serving Brother of the Order of Sl. J ohn, on May 19th, the date of the next Investiture to be held in Londun.

HOLID AY APARTME NT S . -lhos e of our readers w h o have holiday a partm ents t o let can in s ert a s erie s of ad vertis em e nts in thi s Journal for a very small charge. W rite for particulars NOW!

A 10.

Ap ri\, 193 3 .

Notes on Competitions. By JAl\IES II OS AC K , F . R .C.S . HAVE read with great interest the articles in the :\[ arch issue of FIR T AID, by Dr. Co rbet Fletcher and Captain \ Vhite Knox. Other judges have been asked to give their views on this most important question, hence my reason for writing this article. Both the above gentlemen ar judges par excellence, neverthcless it will do no harm to [iscuss one's views even although they may be looked on as revol utionary. In my view, tl;e elaborate mental preparations of Dr. Corbet Fletcher are not lik ly to en ourage busy medical men to become nlcient judges. Good judges, and indeed judg s of any kind are not easy to find, and bu y m dical m n mu t not be allowed to think that this elaborate ritual is necessary, for I hold it is not. Firstly the book must be trictl), kept to. That is a s-lJ2e qua llOIl . Let me give you my o\\'n method of preparing a test. I watch Coroners' illgue ts, and also des riptions of all accidents as per daily paper. Again, as a medi 0 much ill touch with \\'o rkmen's Compen ation and Third Party Claims agai nst I nsurance om pan ies, I, and an y doctor who cares to, can get ample mat rial for his tc:-,t without any mental effort. Furthermore, one gets a ca e that has actually happened and the very injury that resulted. 1'\ w these are the very type o( ca es that a fir t aider may at any moment, any day, b ca[led upon to deal with . As a medico of many, many year standing, both in practice as a hospital urgeon, and a a war surgeon, I have no hesitation in saying that recently, judges have been setting tesls, that had the injuries detailed been received by thc patient, no first aider could have saved his life. There are far too many injuries. Again, in my view there are three main urgent lines of defence that are not infrequently overlooked by both first aiders and i udges. P -i ntry. - Death is galloping down a road call ed hc:emorrhage. This m ust be arrested at a ll costs, at once. Second~y . - Ceased resp iration is trotting down the same death road, not quite so u rgent, but dangerous to a degree, and it must be promptly and persistently faced by the appropriate methods . Thz'1-dry. - Shock , which isnotsoextremely

Apri l, 193 3 .

FIRST

urgent as the othcr two, but is dead ly neverthe less, wi ll ki ll as su re as the other two . It may take a little longer but it wi ll do its job un less it is efJ1cient ly and p romptly dealt w ith. Yet in competitions how often one hears the words" Trcat shock," rattled 0[[ as so much parrot work. First aiders do not apprec iate the im portance of treati ng shock . Time is needlessly wasted in an elaborate examination, that is to my mind, gett ing overdone and over-emphasised by judges . ecessary, I agree, but not so urge nt as the three I have mention d - hut again ncccssary. It is no lise putting up a fracture of the femur say, and tying the last reef knot perfectly, if your patient is to arrive in hospital half dead f rom shock. Treat the shock, do artificial respiration, arrest hc.cl11orrhage and for the moment extern por ise a splint to prevcnt the fracture getting compound or \\orsc; then, whcn YOLI have dealt with the most urg nt symptoms, put up thc leg. That is truc flrst aid, and I submit both judges and com petitors should ncver forget it, insetting a te t, or doing one. It is hetter to be a living man with nly half a Icg than bc a dead one with a hcautifu[ly splinted femur. urrounliings are es entia} for a perspective l)f the" hole ci rcumstances. That is the stagi ng, but far more to my Illind is it important to reproduce as ncar as pos ihle, thc injury. By it we familiarisc the first aider to the appeara~ces he may at any momcnt he calle I upon to treat. 1t gives him confidence. :\0 book description can familiari e him with appearanccs of an injury, nor can a description kach him how to deal with it, if he has never seen onc. Therefore, fake as correctly as poss ihl , at all comp titions. The end all, and be all of a competition is not to ":il1.a up. A garrulous leader Illay try and hlurt a l11d~e, and does ometimes b(Tet awav with it and wi n the trophy, but that locs not make his team the best one in. Accidents'"'are as a rule perfectly simple affairs. A motor collision, fractured leO', cut face, s hock . There is nothing to visualise in °that, and there are thousa nds 1ike it every year. Thesc are the sort of ac id nts the first aider has to deal "'ith most frequently. Competitions are educational first. \ iV inn in g a Cup is a secondary consideration to my m ind, but an incentive I admit. I suggest, the refore, we cut the cackle and gct down to work; actua l work on a case as near to Nature i n inj ury a nd surrounding as possible . Promptitude in deal ing with an e me rgency in order of UrfTency is the leadinO' li O'ht that shou ld 'd" b to> ~Ul e both judges and cand idatcs in a ll co mpeti tIon work. It is not d ifficu lt if method is ad opted and followed by thc first a ider. Lct jud ges cut a ll '"

A I D. the unnecessary question and exam i nation that is rathe r in vogue at present. I would stop all printed cards, and would have an i n telligent onlooker or two that would be able to give all information to the leader of a team exactly as if the affair was an actual case, and forget for the time being it was a competition at all; fo r that, after all, is what happens in actual work. If there are no bystanders, then let them get on with it all the same, whether the patient is consc ious or not. I stick to my guns, for I am convinced it is not only possible, but best from an educational point of view, and I hope to see the method adopted one day. Further, it must come from London, for the " Dewar" and " Perrott" are the models that all provincial competitions are based on, at all events in this part of the world. They are the ones to give a lead, for at present local competitions are merely training tests for the team that ultimately ,,·ins its way to London) and has the honour to represent its District. I hope to see in future issues some criticisms, and I hope approval, of the idea3, re\'o]utionary al though they may be. -

A New Antiseptic and Healing Oin t= mente THERE has recently been put on the market a new ointment which the manufacturers claim to be a safe and reliable dressing for wounds, cuts, chilblains, burns, bruises, &c., and also recommend it for nasal catarrh. Those who wish to test same can obtain a one OLl nce sam pIe jar for 7 ~d. post free from the man ufacturers, :\Iessrs . \V. & E. \ \Tatkin, 12, Edgecombe-road, London, S.E.S.

Dr. Drynan is giving leclures to the Brighton unemployed \yhil t Corps Supt. Jurr, Brighton S.J. ;-\.B., is giying practical in truction .

The annual inspe tion o~ the No. 1 (Prince of \\T a 1es) District, .J ...\.B., will be held on the Guards' P :uacie, Hyde Park, on Saturday, June 10th.

.I r. VV. Crowther, of the Bingl ~)' Di"isioll, S.J. ;\. B., is to be 1l1yested as a Serving Brother of the Order of St John at the Ilwestiture to be held on lay 19th, in London.

The "DECORATORS' & PAINTERS' MAGAZ INE " 8d. monthly) Is THE trade paper for all interes tetl . PubIJshin2 Office: 46, Cannon Stred, E .C •.c.

FIRST

2S6

The

Brigade

St.

fohn

Apri l, 1933 .

A I D.

Ambulance

Dzst1'zct Reports.

No I. (Prince of Wales') District. \V.HFoRD.-Increased activity by membcrs of the \Yatford Diyision during 1932 is shewn in the annual report jut i sued. Public duties haye increa ed by seven per cent. to 2,572 and the hours of attendance at public centres by members coyering these duties totalled 14,120, an increase of 1.090 oyer 1931. Practices and lectures were well attended and members hayc carried on the motor ambulance service each evening from 7 o'clock to 9 o'clock the next morning, all ,yeek-ends and holidays, and assisted considerably durin" the normal day time. Football matches, theatre, picture halls, sports events, etc., haye) as usual, been attended and also any function where the service might be needed. The annual \Vatford and District Ambulance Competition, organised by the Division) again proved a great L1ccess. The AlLxiliary Senrice, under which ambulance boxes are supplied and maintained at local factories, has been continued. Thi service is a particularly useful one as it relieyes factory managers of worry in connection with the Home Office Ambulance Regulations and costs but a small annual subscription. The report closes with an appeal for funds to assist in the carrying on of the voluntary work. On Saturday, March 18th, the London Post Officc Corps held its ninth Annual Dinner and Dance at Ye :\Iecca Cafe, Ludgate Hill. Corps Surgeon R. V. Steele was in the chair and on the table in front of him was displayed the splendid Silver Challenge Cup recently presented to the Corps by Lord \Vakefield for Inter-Divisional Team Competition. A very happy evening was spent by the large company present. the visitors including the Asst. Surgeon-inChief, Dr. :N". Corbet Fletcher, 11:r. Stuart Jones) Controller CT.O., the Asst. Commissioner and Mrs. Lund, with the area and several Divisional Officers.

No. III. Distt-ic t. BIRMIXGHA:\L-Two teams from each of the three Corps of the Birmingham County met in a final test in Digbeth Institute on Saturday, March 18th, to decide the winner of the Birmingham Challenge Shield. All the teams belonging to the Corps had previously met in an eliminating competition) the first and second teams being sent forward to this test. The winning team wa :\!itdlells and Butlers team ''''ith 403 marks, and they will represent the Birmingham County in the No.3 Western District cOIll;Jetition preliminary for the Dewar Shield. The judges were Dr. G. C Belcher (stretcher); Dr. E. Lewis Butler and Dr. E. Davies-Thomas (individual practical) and Dr. H. S. Savage (viva voce). 1\litche1ls and Butlers team, by winning the Shield for the fourth time successively, have set up a new record for t his contest.. The resuh was as follows: 1, Mitchells and Butlers, 403 (Corps C); 2, Curzon Street (L.M.S.), 402 (Corps A)' 3, Snow Hill (G.\iV.R.), 389 (Corps A). '

EARLS R\RTox.-At the parade of this Divisiun on Thur. clay, ),Iarch 9th, the 'orps SupL \\T. E. Ed\\'arcls. attended and pre ented to 'erg-cant \\T. Lord the third bar (and ribbon with three stars) to his Service 11edal: also to Private \V. E. Perkins his ' enice l1cdal and Certificate. The Corps Superintendent congratulated both recipients on their lengthy and cfficient service, and urged the other members to follow iheir example and do all thcy could to adYrtllCe the work of the Bricrade at Earls Barton. T.U[WORTIL-lIembers 01 the Tamworth I11hl11ance and Tursing- Diyi ion \\cre entertained U)' nr. D. :\lcColl, A sistant Commissioncr, at the Annual Coffee 'upper, held at their hcadquarters. The :\layor (Mr. G. II. J ones) presided and in acldItioll to Dr. 1IcColl there was present Diy. Supt. \V. II. Chandler, Amh. Officers \\T. Armstrong and \\'. Levick. Sergt. ~. \V. Gorton ( 'ecrctary) and members of the Council. At the Annual :\lcctine,- which follo\\ eel the 'upper. the Secretary gave his report andtated that the ddached cIa s gained 61 Certificate '.8 \ToLlchers. 3 :'Ill clallloI1s. anel 12 Labels; Brigade award . ~ ursing Diyisioll, 2-+. and Ambulance 33, a total 01 HI (l\\'arc1s. :\Icmbers attllHkd for drill 1 28-+ times' public duties 3 ..H· one rccen t weekend 19 ~1~n were O:lt for 60 hou~s betwcen them. The annual in pection \yas held at \\'01\ erhampton on :eplem ber 11th, \\hen ten mLinher of the ... ~ur 'ing Di, i~lon and 33 of the Ambulance Diyi ion \\ ere on parade. The ' ecretary expressed hi . appreciation 01 the help and ad\ Ice \\hich he had received from .\mb.-Officer .\rmstrnl1". and of the assistance of CorpI. \\Tag tarf. Dr. l\IcColl presented the financial statement. Alderman Leedham presented the" Lc\·ick" ('up !n Ptc. Edgar Leedham and an accoI11panying' gold l11edal given by Dr. J\lcColl, and congratulated the recipient OIl his success. The :l \fayor thanked the member - of the Division f()r the work they had clone in the town and wished them e,·ery success in future n :nturcs. Div. Supt. Chandler congratulated Dr. 11cColl on hi promotion as an Officer of the Order. IIe also congratulated Sergeant Gorton on the \\ ay he carried out the secretarial dutie . Alderman Goo try, on behalf of the president, vicepresidents and members, thanked Dr. ?reCoIl for his kind hospitality. IIe hoped to enli t the :\layor's sympathy, on behalf of the Brigade, to get the Town Council to grant the use of the Caslle Grounds for area inspection on July 9th. Alderman Goostry also offered to present a cup to the Nursing Division and a prize for the Junior members as an extra incentive for L!:lem.

Apr il, 1933.

FIR S T

HONOURS.-The following members in No . 4 Lancs District have been honoured by admission to, or advancement in the Order of St. J o11n of Jerusalem. Long may they be spared to wear their well earned decorations and carryon the good work for the cause of humanity. OFFICER.-District Officer, Major McKenzie, Padiham. SERVING BROTIIER.-District Officer Col. C H. S. Redmond, Manchester; Corps Supt. W. Mellor, Blackhurn; Corps Officer J. E. Fox and Mr. C E. Withers, ?\Ianchester; Supt. Gardiner and Amb. Officer Todd, Kes\\ ick; Sergt. G. H. Bentley and Mr. Frank Howard, nlackpooL ERVINe SISTER.-Mrs. C. Cowan and Mrs. N . C. Naylor, l\Ianchestcr. ACCRINGTo~.- Thirteen Accrington Ambulance Teams competed for the Shield presented by the Mayor, (Coun. Constantine, J.P.) at the S.J.A.R Drill Hall. Dr. Sykes, Rosegro\'e, conducted the Team Tests, and the incli"idual work was judged by Dr. Wood) Great J lar\\ooc1. The re ulls were as follows: I, Accrington Bor!?'

A I D.

257

Th e Commissioner emphasized the importance of the Annual r eturns being submitted to District Office early in J anua r y and the records of Road Patrols in October, and ap pealed for a special effort to assist the Cadet movement by introducing subjects of an interesting nature, in addit ion to First Aid. The distribution of District Orders was mentioned, and S uperintendents were requested to read the orders to a full parade to ensure that every member becomes acquain ted with them. It was reported that an Area Review would be held at Ba r row-in-Furness, St. John's Day, June 24th. An appeal was made for subscriptions to the District Fund, and a motion was carried unanimously that the A nnual Conference be held at Dalton-in-Furness, next year. Tea provided by Miss Bartrum was served to all present. MANCIIESTER.-Five men under Sergt. Smith, and four Ambulance sisters under Lady Supt. Ackroyd performed praiseworthy duty on the occasion of a Faith Healing Rally at King's Hall, Belle Vue, Sunday, March 12th.

No. (V. ( Lancashire) District COLONEL C l TRIMBLE, CR., Cl\LG.-All ranks will join in heartiest congratulations to CoL Trimhle who celebrated his 77th birthday, March 16th. This year marks the jubilee of his active association with the All1lm1ancc movement.

The pre ention by Col. Trimble of a Sih'er Salver to the Mayor and Mayoress of Preston (Corps Surgeon Ald. Derham, and Irs. Derham) on behalf of the members and friends of the Preston Corps. Front ,'ow- Assl.-Commissioner E . Ralphs, The Mayor, Col. Trimble, The Mayoress. Second row-Supt. Millington, Sir .\lfred Ho\~·arth, Corps Officer Lendrul11, Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. H o~yard, 11'. J . P . Kerr "Watson.

Police, 265 points; 2, Accrington L.M.S., 249 points; 3, Howard and Bullough's Team, 230 points; 4, L.M . . MotiYe Power, 219 points. BURKLEY.-The Annual Report of the Burnley Corps sho.ws a strength of 79 in the Ambulance Division) and 94 1~1 the Nursing Division. Twenty members are in possessIOn of the Service Medal of the Order. GRANGE.-A conference of Officers of the No. 7 A rea of No.4 Lancs District was held at Grange, Saturday, March 18th. Commissioner W. G. Smith, O .B.E., p r esided, su pported by Asst . Commissioner, Maj or Pooley, D ist rict Officer J. H. Cleal (District Secretar y) and Acting D istrict Officer, Maj or W. G. Pearson.

About 7,000 people attended, many of whom were crippled, suffering from paralysis, rheumatoid arthritis, epilepsy, shell shock, etc., and had to be assisted by the Ambulance men to mount and descend from the platform, in addition to which 41 cases were attended to during the tour of duty, which lasted from 6.45 p.m. to 11.15 p.m. OLDHAM.-Under the auspices of the Mumps Division a social was held in the Cannon Street Institute, last month . A large gathering enjoyed the music provided by the Viking Dance Orchestra, and other artistes. 11r. impson received his warrant of appointment as YiceP r esident from the hands of Dr. Thompson, and then presen ted the" Dr. Thompson" Cup, which is competed for an nua lly, to Co rpI. H . Bolmesl and vouchers) medalliQnsl

FIRST lahels and nursing- pcndants to the members \\"ho had \\ 011 t hesc awards during the year. At the compctition for Boy Cadets held at Darwen, the members of the Oldham Equitablc Cadet Diyision were successful ill ,,-inning the Challeno-e Cup, reflecting great credit on thc untiring efforts of thc boys and their Cadet Officer, ~Ir. \Yinterhottom. PREsTox.-The ::-Ia\-or and Ma\'ores of Preston, Corps Surgeon AIel. T. H. and 1Irs. Derham, entertained about 500 members and friends of the Preston Corps, on \Vednesday evening. ::-rarch 15th, at the Headqnarters, Chapel \Valks. Dancing and \\7hist ,,~ere enjoyed, and the Corps tlnd Diyi iOllal Officers reo pon ible {or thc arrangements, together ,yith the Committee of ladies in charge of the refre hments. are to be congratulated. Asst. Commi ioner E. Ralphs, J.P., presided during thc intcryal ,\"hen a beautiful bouquet wa presented h) a girl cadct to thc lIayorcss, who thcn distributcd the \\-hist prizes, and presented a en-icc Ba r to Miss Gardner. A Yote of thanks to the Mayor and l\Iayoress for their hospitality, proposed by Corps Supt. Millington, seconded by Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Howard, and supported by the Chairman, was carried with acclamation. Colonel Trimble then presented a sil\'er sal\'er suitabh' inscribed to Ald. and ::-lrs. Derham as a token of (' - teem, regard and love from eycry member of the Ambulance ranks in Preston. He spoke in appreciati\'e tcrm of the \\ ork done for the moyement by Dr. Derham oyer a period of 35 years, ably assisted by his wife, who for 12 years had been associated with the ursing Diyisiol1s a Yice-President, and in felicitous terms expressed the pleasure they all experienced when his fellow to\\'n. men elected him to the high office of Chief Magistrate of his natiYe town. In replying on behalf of the Mayoress and himself, the ::-Iayor thanked the members of the Preston Corps for the gift \yhich would receive a place of honour in thei r home, and eyer remind them of the happy association ,,-ith their fellow workers in the Brigade. He hoped the Re-union " 'oldd proyc a stimulus to the \\'ork they all had so much at heart, and mentioned with pride the able support ginn by the Town Clerk, Sir Alfred IIo,,'arth, and the Chief Constable, 1Ir. J. P. Ker \Vatson. The Chairman was thanked by Dr. Riddle, who mentioned the splendid opportunity for propaganda presented that eyening. and urged those present) who were not members of the Corps, to join a class at the earliest moment and become qualified to join one of the Diyisions; a step they ,vould never regret. In seconding, the Chief Constable paid a tribute to the help given by the Brigade members on all occasions, and at all times, and expressed the warm appreciation of the Police Force) whose responsibility was considerably lightened by the voluntary duty performed so consistently and ,,-ell. The workers, particularly the ladies who had prepared and served the refreshments, were thanked on the proposition of District Officer Cleal, seconded by ilIr. Calvert.

\VIG,\x.-The Annual Church Paraele of the Orrell Division, .J.A.B., took place on Sunday afternoon, ':'Iarch 12th, when the Division} augmented by detachments from vVigan and Ince, attended Divine Service at Cpholland Parish Church.

---------------------

No. VIII. (Du k e of Connaught's ) District. TCXBRIDGE WELLs.-Since the beginning of 1933 the Tunbridge \Vells Division has held the Annual Meeting. the Annual Dinner ann individual and team test competitions.

Apr il, 1933 .

A I D.

~\L the Anllual i\lecLing iL \\as stated thal the pre ent 5lren o ·th of the Diyision was 61 and tklt during the past \car first aid had been rendered 011 3-m occasions, ).2l ;~oad sen'ice dutie performed, 78 accidents allenc1ed, and 1.108 im'alids hac! been carried by motor ambulances inyoh-in o ' 12089 miles whilst it further 946 miles were added in thc ~re~tmeI1L of road accidents. Puhlic duty "a carried out at football matches, etc. Reports from cOl1lmittee "ere "'ell rccci\'cd and go()d \york noted. Lieut.-Col. C. R Palmer, C.H.l;:., D.L., J.P. (Kni~ht IIi Sl. J Ohl1) pre. ic1ellt, presided at the nnnal Dinller, \\ hicll \\"as attended hy the ::\Ia)'or (Coul1cillor R. IT. Dur.;,lL'm), ;,lajnr \\'. II. F. f\ob1e. L.~.A .. Dr. Talbot Xol11e, District Officcr 11. ]. \\'rigg!cswnrth, ])r. I-1. D. \-int. Dr. Cole man. ::-1r. l~l1Y Cadton (l'hid Const:1hlc), and othcrs. The toa ts and speeches g':1YC e\'id~'Il~'l' of the hi~'h esteem in ,,11ich Drigct(lc men wcre held in the di-.trirt. ]t was pointed out that Tunhrici!!,'c \\'l'11. Di,·i-'10ll was thl' second oldcst unit in the British El1lpi rl" hal ing hl'tll instituted in 1 80 and, till olle of the origin:ll memlH'r-; \ya on the acti\'e list. ]11 the individual competitions for the .. Jkt'cruft " (up, nine entered. Diy. ~ur~l'nn Dr. ~\. ::-r. Pollock j uc1gcd the e\'cnt and a\\ anlcd the troph) to Tran-.[lnrtCor:pl. H. Latter \\ ith -J.8~ poinh. Pte. Farmcr was "ll'OIlC!. Dr. Pollock \\as also judge inr the ,'ncial '()111ll1ittee CI1P opel1 to teams. Corpl. Latkr captall1cd the \\·il1l1il1!..: team and was tbtl awarded the Cup. TIll' l'Ul1l1l'rS-Ujl (CorpI. Hayworth, captain) wcre prcscnll'd with the ,. ~lile ., Bo\"l.

No. IX. District. The County of Cornwall :hil·ld CCll11jll,titi(Jl1s \\,tn' held at Camborne whel1 five tlam-. cl1tl'rl'd ior thl' h()llClllr of representing the County in the Di _trict cOl11pl'litiol1s. The judo-c, \\(re ])r. E. ~. Toogood (Li-;harci) and Dr. G. T. ~ ymons (PenzanCl' ). For the third year in SUCCl'_.- ion nIazey Di"isiCln \yere ucces fui in winllil1'r the :hield. TIll'\' wcrl' followcd by Reclruth. CamhOrI1l'. 11log-an and Jll>l1~kel1 in that order.~ Dr. Toogood congratulated the teams CJl1 lhe standa rd of the work done and also .'t. f-lIazn' 011 <t!,!ain winnin!.! thc Shield. . ':'lrs. Agnc,,". wi [e of LOJl1mandl'r p" C. 1\~l1e\\' . .\1. P .. presented the Shield. and medals as the \\~ il1l1illg team nl the "Agar-Robertes' hiclcl. to ::;t. 11lazl'Y ane! medal" tn Camborne who \\'ere winners of the" Trl'\'arnn" ::;hll'lcl.

:t.

The Annual Report of the COUllty 0 f DeVOll Commissioner, 1\1r. Iredly V. Millcr (Co11111lancier n f the Order) is a record of work done during' 1032. The strength of the Brigade i' no\\' 1,881 all ranks. It is interesting to note that ince 1920 the increase ha" been about -J.OO per cent. Undcr en'ices Rendered heading details have heen gi\'en of the number of cascs attencIed, etc., and these are 8,-J.97 ca -es attended; 7,668 removals by ambulances; 2,109 road accident ca, e ; 5,82H miles covered by ambulances on road accidents; 5-J. first aid boxes maintained and 32 [Irst aid post and stations were manned. An important event held during the }ear 1\ as thc \'isit to Plymouth of the Duchess of York" ho inspected the guard of honour. Among the calls recei veel the grimmest and most unusual was that on the occa, ion of the rr:utiny at Dartmoor Prison when membcrs of the Brigade (ltd excellent work. Among the many actil'ities the Blood Transfusion Service, Lifeboat Service, the Hospital Assistance Service llave he en well maintained, as also have the Road

April, 19 33 .

FIRST

Patrols and .fuel Po ts and the Motor Ambulance Service. The De\'on St. John V.A.D.s have increased il~ numIll'rS and efTecti\'encss whil t the Cadet :P.lovel11ent lS also making' goud progress. Rclation 'hips between the Del'un County ConstabuJan' and other Forces and the Brigade is exceptionally corelial and it i-. the Cuunty Commissioner's hope that hdore long e\ Lr) De\'on Fire Brigade will be followed into actiull by amlmlance personnel. " J 11 concluding' his rcport, ::-r r. ::-liller pays trIbute to tIn' splendid \York done by his ~taff Officers and thanks all ranks for their luyal} energetIc and effiCIent co-operatic)!). The iC)rl;";oil1!..?, is a resume uf the repurt but il \\ill " ' 11 l "CIl1ll' idea of the \\'ork d01le h\' the branchcs of lhe l:ng,;tk ill De\,ull. ~ "J::WTOX .\BBOT.-.\ new and up-to-date motor Clmbu!aneL'. t() IK in :,upplLmentar) sen-ice. \\ as presented to thL :\ L'W[Oil • \ hbot Di \Oi . ion 011 ::-Iarch rth, by ~:Ir. G. R.

Th<ll1lps()ll. Ili llon), Tracey, as tru tee of the la_t.e ':'11' 11. I':. Fishl'r, \\ ho recently diul in London. \\i 11h the "'::1it \\'a ' the insuranl'l pulicy. which at once made it 'er~- iCl'able ior u~e. Thl dnl10r had l11ade two similar giib at Bristol alld in the ~I()lll11ClUlhhlrl' cnalliL 1(1. 1)r. I. I. ~crasl'. a' Corp-. ,-lIrgl'()I1: and Corp" Supt. J{il'l' 'h,l;lkL~cl ~lr. Thomps()n. Thl lliece of Corps Officer E. L Y()UIH~. lillie ~li·s Jill Young. pn:scl1tl'd ::-Irs. Th ollllh!lll \\ ith a h01lquet ui tulIps. No. X _ Distr ic t . ~I \Rlii. ~lll11hl'rs ol thl :'Ilarch Diyisiull held their _\ nllllal Prize I)i"l rii>utiull and ~111okl11g Concert at the ( ;()ldL'l1 Lion Cluh Room. ~Lr. \\' . F. R. \rLhh, prl' idclIt. presided, supported by _\Ir. lohl)' J l. , t, nIL: Grclll. ~1r. .1. S. Colling\\ ood. Capt. \\ ' . (;c)lldle\. ~l C. (. \: t" COl11l11isslonLr and PublIc Duty (lfliccr . -(1.- I Oi"t riet) and the RL\-. D. ~\. 'k,,~ art. \ Ill'!' t hl' Lm ltl Toast had been honoured, ?lIr. (;rl'll1 pruposed " ~Ul'CLSS to ~\mblllal:cc \\'ork ., to \\ hich (·apt. l;ondlcy. ClIlL.: of the pioneers 01 aJ11bulance "ork 111 .\I a rch. replied. , The .\larch llri;.!."adc and Corps" \\ as proposed by ~lr . .I. l'nllillg'\\()(ld and repliLd to by SliPt. . \. ::-Iortlock, \\ he) thanked pre\'ious speakers for their remarks and good wishes. '1 hL .. CocxllL\" up, g'i\ en ior annual competition b) C,IPt. \\. (;n(l(iley, ;'1. ., was pre -en ted by the donor to thl \\ inllu·. ~Ir. ~. ~ . Dicker. . \ prize \\ as also giyen by apt. Goodley to the hi~h(:st scorer in .. 13 "class. The prize was a photograph of 11.:\1. the King in the robes of the Order. He al 0 presented, as a can ' olation prize, a book, to the lowest ,(Or('r in the final. . Jennings ,,"as the highest scorer, and B. Green the 10,,'est. '1 he c, Rothschild" Cup) prescnted by r-.lr. James A. Roth chIld, M.P., ill connection with the Annual Divi ional Competition. was also won by Mr. . S. Dicker, who, in addition recei\ cd a fire screen. The second prize went to ':'1r. . , pro ton (\vatch), and third to Mr. B. Green (clock). This is the first occasion that both Cups ha\-c heen won by the same member. The c. Youd" Cup, which wa presented by Mr. VV. F. \\ 'ehh, was gi\'en by Mr. T. Youel, of March, in memory of hi late wife, for members" ho competed in either the Rothschild" Cup or the" Goodley" Cup Competition, but did not qualify for either first, second or third position·. This was \\ on hy l\fr. J. Rush, who also receiycc1 all alarm l'l()ck, the SL'CC111ci prize being' W011 hy 1\Tr. T. n. Cli l1g'S (pipL:). II

A I D. Another Cup was also given by ':'Ir. Y oud, for competition by non-railway members, both, Cup .and prizes being presented by the Chairman} to the tollo.wJ11g: 1, ::-Ir. J. T. Yardy (Cup and suit case, the lattcr gly(;n by Supt. A. E . ::-fortlock); 2, ':'1r. P. Ringham (founta111 pen). At the conclusion of the evening, Capt. Goodley proposed a vote of thal1ks to the Chairman and the artistes, ~\Ir. G. Brewin responding. ClIED[SFORD.-The Annual t. Patrick's Ball of thc Chelmsford Division proyed most enjoyable and successful the BuildinO' Fund bencfitting by over £10. O\'er .200 per 011S \\e~e present and dancing continuecl until 1.30 a.m. Spot Dance prizes were awarded and the a!1?On :\ursin rr Diyisiol1 oro-ani zed a lucky number cumpetltlOn. ~ A~b. Officer E. ~Barber} who acted as ':'I.C:, was al '0 responsible for the arrangements.

Keeping Them Interested. By BERT L. COO~\'IBE . DIFFIClJLTY is often found in getting subjects to interest the old hands. A man who has many years enthusiastic service in cannot be expected to listen with interest to the same type of lecture that he heard in his first year. A nd this is practically what some get. Neither the old hands nor the beginners may be i n sufiicient numbers to warran t a class of their own, and an attempt to com bi ne the two very often leads to both being dissatisfied_ We may be keen on getting new members, but the men who have been the backbone of the movement in the past are worthy of first consideration surely. Competition practice does not ah,"ays solve the problem . A very satisfactory alter~ative .is to form a debating class on the follow1l1g lines. Each week select a different member as chairman. He must insist on order being given, and see that only the subject to be discussed is mentioned. Also he must see that only one person talks at once. Each week decide on your next week's subject. Specialise in one thing for each week. A four weeks' selection could be as follows : 1st week Bones 2nd I, Blood 3rd " Brains 4th 'I Breathing Members are to remember and read all they can on the subject and bring it to the cIa s_ They can write short papers and read them ~ut. Questions a re to be asked on the same subject on ly . I h ave known members to browse around libra ries after medical books to get somethin new . Yo u will find the experience gained in answering questions and read ing your paper aloud of great assistance when next you have to answer the doctor at your next exam i nation or co m peti tion . (Y

April, 1933.

A ID.

FIRST

Przory for Wales. Reference is made in the report to the vi it · of the Secretary-General of the Order, l\lajor-General ir Perci\'al S. Wilkinson, K.C.M.G., C.B., a a feature of ~rccial importance in its ignificance of the cordial relationship bchn'en the Grand Priory and its premier c tablishmenl. Thi anti the slight imprO\'e menL in its financial po ition, augur well for the further de\-e lopmcnt of the Priory for \Vak~ as a power for good in the Principality. El\TRE CO;\lPETl rIOl\S. The competitive spirit ba been kept at a high le\t:1

FEATURES OF THE PAST YEAR'S \VORK.

The fifteenth Annual Report of the Principal Secretary and Commissioner for "\-Vales (the Hon. John H. Bruce) may be regarded as a particularly satisfactory record inasmuch as it sho\\,s increases in personnel and activity in every Department. The de\'elopment of ambulance work in \Vales during the past decade is strikingly sho,,",'n in the following table of awards gained by students in classes held under the Priory si nce its inception : -

1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 19241925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932

First Aid. 1,0641,4-07 1,4-00 2,657 4,427 4,767 4,690 5,109 4,747 5,249 5,380 5,426 6,204 7,258

larine.

212 179 164197 246 140 126 132 89 116 157 92 102

lining.

196 155 138 166 77 110 6420 40 45 57 52

Home Home SanitaNursing. Hygiene. tion. 308 125 209 303 275 309 570 360 561 522 596 H9 715 774

10 1 16 14-

1 1 1 27 1 1

The above figures are exclusive of 2,64-4 Preliminary Certificates gained by boys and girls under sixteen years of age; and a comparison of this result with that of 1931 shows an increase of 1,176 due principally to the stimulus of the Pilgrim Trust grant towards the establishment of Cadet Divisions. The Brigade strength was shown in 1919 as 5,000, and by steady advancement from year to year it has now reached the total of 10,179 made up as follows : Summary of Units. Summary of Strength. Corps 32 ~1en 6,237 Women 973 Ambulance Divisions 2H Cadets 2,969 Nursing Divisions 58 Cadet Ambulance 101 10,179 Cadet Tursing 19 392 While vVelsh St. John members appear reluctant to respond to the V.A.D. scheme, Wales has supplied 114 over its quota of recruits to the Military Hospitals Reserve, which, in common with the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve, is staffed solely from the St. John Ambulance Brigade. The rderence in last month's issue to the Motor Ambulance Transport Service indicated the growth of this important undertaking, the cases carried and mileage travelled having reached a higher total than in allY previous year. The scheme initiated by the Priory some years ago for providing sick room requisites and invalid equipment for issue on loan is being gradually developed by the opening of iedical Comforts in the towns and villages where such provision is not already made by the District Nursing Associations; and during 1932, 4,448 articles were issued from the 32 depots now in operation.

l\ledal- Labels. Pendunt-;. lion. 93 373 681 58 978 325 90 > 52 262 5+ 4- 6 1,611 165 149 1,925 1,2 1,063 2,540 192 1,311 2,942 16 1,34-7 3,+68 322 1,260 4,011 311 1,192 4,370 363 1,138 4,602 366 1,406 5,009 330 1,264 5,43t) 35 1,336 5,851

Total.

2, S1t) 3,115 3,207 5,Hb 7, 90 9,273 9,922 lO,6t)0 11,099 t 1,75+ 12,235 12,H '6 l4-, t03 15,733

during the past month by thc eliminating conte"b hclu in the various Centres of the Prior\' in order to ~elect:tn ambulance and nursing team from ea~h 'ounty, 'ity and Borou gh Centre to represent the Brigade in the Welsh Brig'adc Final Competitions in Cardin- on i\pril 22nd. 'l onmouthshire County held it annual competition kll' the" White Horse)) hield at the Church IIall, B1a ck\\'l1ou, on larch 25th, when Sub-Commissioner Capl. . T. Beard, O. B. E., presided over a lan~c gatheri ng of Brigade on"icer". Dr. F. Sullivan (Cwm) and Dr. \V. ~lcKendrick (Bla:kwood) adjudicated; and the re ult pro\'ed the \\'inner~ to be the Tredegar team. The Abertillery ur ing team, \\'hich ha not onl) COl11peted in the" Arthur Griffiths i\Iemorial" ' up comretition at Cardiff on several former occasions, but also representeu Wales in London, has been selected as the ~[onmouthshirc Nursing team. The Commissioner for CardifT ( Ir. James .i\. ,\,ilson, O . B . E., Chief Constable) again had cau e for pride in his City Police team, who repeated last year's success in the Cardiff Centre Competition, held at the Law Courts 011 April1st, when, in the Nursing contest held on the same day, the Barry ursing team came out 'vvith the highest marks. The Aberdare Centre will be represented in the "Llandinam" Shield competition in Cardiff by the Duffryn Aman team, which was successful in the Centre contest on April 1st in becoming the holders for the seventh time of the " Dr. Milne" Bowl. The Borough Centres of Rhondda, Swansea and Merthyr have selected the Ferndale, Dowlais Police and Players' Welfare teams respectively; and the Glamorgan County Centre has entered the Kenfig Hill and Ffaldau lnstitute and Garw Ambulance and the Ogmore Vale Nursing teams. The first competition organised in the Breclmockshire Centre und er t.he auspices of the Centre Committee recently

Apri l, 1933.

FIRST

appointed at an inaugural meeting over which the President, Major th ' Lord Glal1u::.k, D. '. 0., presided on !\Ial ch 2nd, took place at Brccon on l\larch 25th, when no less than ninete n teams competed, and the entre shield was won by Penhros. The number of entries and stanc1ard of efficiency sho\'\'n is a great tribute to the work of the enthusiastic COl1ll11i ioner, Lieut.-Col. C. G. Cole-J[amilton, C.l\l.G., D . . 0., Chief Constahle of Brecknockshire, under whose leaul.'rship \\~o nderful progress has been made, and is rel1ecled in the fact that in his seconc1 year of office the Centre will he represented for the first time at the "\-Velsh Brigade Final Competilion. Flsllta' \RD .\:-\J) GOOD\\' ICK C\DETS.

On \\'ednc"day, ;\Jarch 29th, members of the Gooc.lwick Cadet Di\ ision with their officers and triends p nt a happy \.!\cning at the .\mhulance Hall, at which Dr. L. H. Terry, an Ofliccr llf the Order who has ponored the establishment of this promising" 'nit of boys, pre idcd over a large audienCL:. E"Cl:llcnl entertainment wa ~ pro\ ided by the lerry ;\Iakl'rs Cl)J1l"l'rt Part) \\'ho kindly ga\ e their sen-ice gratis; and during" an interval \\'arrant~ of Appointment were pre"l.'nted to Cadet upl. G. 11. E. Pointer, Cadet 'JOkers L. L'l)l lings and L;. 11. Ta) lor and Band. ergeant \\'. Jeffreys 11) \\ r". Tcrry. 'adct upt. Pointer had much pleasure in h.tnding- Dr, Tlrry hi" certilicate of appointment as \iccPre idcnt of the Di\ isil)n.

011 . unda) morning following the re ce nt ~e\'ere sno\\'~t()rl1l the nH.:l1lhl.'rs llf the Re"oln~ n Di\·i..,ion received an ~,O.~. frol1l the kK,11 Police _ rgeant to as::.i::.t in lheearch .ll r a \llan \\'ho wa ... kno\\'n to ha\ c ndea\'o ured to cro . till' mountain during- a hem y fall of no\\' three days pre"iou.., I)" E\'e r) member took part in the '>),stematic search which \\', 1" l)rganisL'd; and after man) Iwurs the man was found "hcltcrilH~ in a disused farm hou e on the mountainsidl \\ ith "Iig-ht injuries, \\'hich \\ ere quickly treated. l)n \I;u'ch 1. lh, the same Oi\ i..,illn held it annual ocial in \\ hil h the :\ur... ing Di\'ision joineu, at the ardi "estry. ,/\fter ;t tea, upt. E. Barril'" pre"ided at a concert, and .\mbulancl! Ollicer \\', ,\. Thatcher conducted communit\, sin"i n 1 r ' a \ cn plea..,ant evening, arranged by 'orronll ~I), I~~'ans <In'd PrinllL: C. Orrclls terminated in games.

Voluntary Aid Societies. TIll: following

cietie have been recognised by the Government as voluntary aid societies for the put'[ 0 cs of the international convention for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded and sick in armies of the field, which was signed at Geneva on July ~7th, 1929 :The British Red Cro society . The Grand Priory in the British Realm of the Venerable Order of the IIospital of St. John of Jerusalem . The St. Andr w's Ambulance Association. The Army Council, in pursuance of their powers under the Geneva Conven tion Act of 1911, have permitted these recognised voluntary aid societies, subject to conditions, to make use of the Red Cross em blem, which is the disti nctive sign of the medical services of armed forces. U nauthorised users of the emblem are liable to proceedings under the Geneva Convention Act.

261

A I D.

The Preparation of Competition Tests. By COL O NEL

ELLIS,

M.D.,

C.M.

TIlE Editor of FIRST AID has asked me to send my views on what should be the Rules and Regulations governing the compiling of Competition Tests . So much has been written and re-written lately about Competitions, that it IS hard to find anything to add to it. However, Competitions are, in my Op1l11On, such an essential part of First Aid training, and uniformity in their management is so desirable that there occur to me a few remarks which, I hope, may usefully be recorded. By uniformity I do not mean a level, hidebound convention, but rather a uniformity of purpose-of Ideal. 'Vhat exactl y is the purpose of an Am bulance Competition? To select the best team, many will reply. Yes, by all means, but there are several ways in which this may be done which would involve a great deal less time, expense and labour, than do our Final Competitions. I think that many people would say that one of the quickest ways of picking out the best team is-slowly and carefully to explain !l perfectly simple injury and then watch the teams render First Aid. 'Vhy then do \ve make such an elaborate business of what might be so simple? Just because there is more in Competition Tests than the picking out of the best team. Good Com petitions are the best medium the Brigade has for the following purposes (I hardly know which of them to put first, they are all so important and all haye to be thought of when preparing a Test). 1. Creating and sustaining interest in Ambulance 'Vork (a) among Brigade mem bers and (b) among the general public . No one will deny that the Contests are also social even ts of the greatest use and they are often recruiting agencies. 2. Training members to put the precepts of First Aid and Home Nursing ~Ianuals to the most practical use, helping them to connect the prin ted page with the living emergency, without hesitation or flurry . 3. Overcoming nervousness, and encouraging self-confidence . 4 . Familiarising member with the machinery existing in most places, for dealing with emergencies, and with the many side-issues, which often the simple t accident involves, such as telephoning for the doctor, ambulance, hospital and, perhaps, the police; controlling crowds and traffic un ti l the last arrive.

F IRST 5. Familiarising the public with ambulance methods, so that they may co-operatc and intelli gent! y bcl p whcn the need arises. 6. Teaching members how to deal best with anxious and nervous or overwrought friends. This will do, I think, a a foundation for my Ideal. If these six purposes are borne in mind as a broad aim \"hen setting Tests and staging Competitions, a well as the actual busine s of selecting the best team, we shall have a basis upon which uniformity may be obtained. The test should be a likely emergen y which includes not too complicated an injury. Far-fetched, or tricky tests should be avoided. E\'ery item of examination and treatment should be checked in accordance with the book on which the Competition is judged, and its instructions ought in every situation. At the same time a commonsense application ot the general principles taught in the :JIanual (Chapter 1 of the" Black Book," e.g., especially those testing the necessary qualifications of a Fi rst Aider) must be aimed at. The appearance of the patien t should be made as life-like as possible, he and the" supers" in the scene must be carefully instructed so that their behaviour is natural under the supposed circumstances. Their instructions must be carefully written or typed, and stress must be laid upon the absolute necessity of the same behaviour for each team. ~ Tests should be sufficiently interesting and even amusing to hold the interest of the lay audience. Sensational and gruesome effects sho-u Id be discouraged. \Vhilst leakage of the details of the test should be carefully guarded against, the audience should be told, just beforehand, what has happened, and, if possible, roughly what the correct procedure should be. This keeps their interest and helps education greatly. :Jlarks should often be allotted for intelligent knowledge and use of local facil ities, and for tactful kindly thought for the anxiety of friends, and for the alarm and upset to bysta nders. Both teams and those who prepare tes ts seem a Iittle inclined to dragoon the pu blic and take for gran ted the right to commandeer the use of houses, telephones, transport, rugs, and services. There is a way of asking which will seldom fail to draw the best possible assistance . Questions, which could not by any possibility be answered ina real case, shou ld be ru led out of Competitions absolutely and everyth ing should be done to encourage observation and deduction from what is observed. Those who set tests and those who stage them should bear in mind these objects of Com petitions and the actual conditions which wou ld, in real life , govern the accident chosen . If they \\"ill st udy thc Manual upon which thc

j u dging is to be ba ed, and if all con erncd in the a rra nge m e n ts wi ll learn the Cond itions and Ru les of the Com peti tion in q uestiol1, un i form ily a nd usefu l ness wi ll fo ll ow quite naturall\, . :J l arki n g sheets which ar con fse without bcing too telegraphic and sufficiently detailed without being redundant should he aimed at. Tardy action (e . g . , in performing artificial respiration, arresting ha::morrhag or treati ng shock) or hasty wrong judgment should be penalised. Persona ll y, I prefer one or two mark!::. [or each separate item (as it makes judging !::.o much more casy and accurate) rather tban SC\ eral marks for rrrouped treatment, it is also less arbitrary; exception being sometimes made, perhaps, \\ hen J1\' or more mari{s may be given for a H~r)' important point. Final ly, I am in favour of the pre! arer of the test collaborating with the orficer \\ ho will judge it in working out the details.

CIIOI,ED Il\

't'O:'\CE.

.\ po~t-l11orlCl1l eX<lminatilll1 L11l TOllY ()raglll1, all amateur boxer, who died after a hl)xing hl)ut, has It:\ L·.tllli that his death \\'a~ caused by a piece of sponge which lodged in the larynx. Dragon had put 011 a ..,ponge Il1l1uthguard fllr prl1ll'llil.ln during a boxing- bout, hut the spLlni!e -;wdled, llhstnllled hi.., breathing-, and choked him. He died ~llI.lrtl: after rL·I.·l:i\ inl-:" a wild l1urr)' of blows to the head and heart. JlomiJ/g PO-l/. RL\')\ ED

1;\

Ox \ t,v"\'.

Oxygen \\'a~ applied in the efrorh to re\;\ e a man .t:.,:ed 5+, wh o was removed 0 ho~pital, and takd to bl: sulrl:rin~ f r0111 the effects of g-as poi~ol1il1g. Th e police were ca ll ed tll thl: hou~e ahout nine ll\'lock ill the morning, and fo und the man in a critical cl111ditiol1. Th ey applied lirst aid and SUlllIlloned a doctor \\'Iw, after atlempting artificial respiration without errect, l'alled tl1l.: ambulance men, and in tructed them to hrint.; o"yg-en. They at once set orf in the utilit) \ an with a C) linder, and applied the oxygen. Th e man's condition iIllpro\ed and he was removed by ambulance to ho pital, where he \\'as detained. - TVood Green llerald.

Inter- Railway Ambulance Competition. The prelilllinar) conte t to elect a team from the ungTo uped rail\\'ay ~ for the inter-railway competition " 'as held at Sl. JI.)hn'" Gate, 011 :'IJ<trch 31st, \\hen the judge \\'a~ Capt. F. E. Bendix, l\1.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., of London. The re~LlIt was a~ f()lIo\\~ : 1, \letropnlilan R ail\\'<t), 289~ marks; 2, Cheshire Line,> COllll11it'tcc, 273; 3, .\lidland and Greal :\'orthern Joint, 253~ ; 4, outhern and London :'lidland and coltish Joint ( O1llcret and Dorset), 220. The ,Idropolitan Railway will consequently compete with t\\·o kam.., frolll each of the four g-mup railways in the Fin,d Competition ,,·hicb will t<lke place at the \\'harncliffe ROLlms, Great Central Ih)lL'i, :'Ilarylcbol1c, on :'lay 24th.

R ESOURCEFULNESS.

Some people are li\'ing to-day because they have cool, reso urceful brains. Charles A. vVi chcrer, a one-armed trapper, fe ll headlon g when he tripped over a tuft of marsh grass. His one hand landed on a coLlo n-mouth Illoccasin , one of the most dead ly snakes in ' ew Orlean s. The reptile struck the trapper's wrist at the base of th e thumb. Action was second thought to Charles. IIc pulled out a clasp-knife, opened it ,vith hi s teet h, and, holding thc hand le in his mouth, sank the blad e deep into the wound . As the blood Dowed he s ucked away the poison. Then , with his teeth and toes, be got a tourni(-!uet around his wrist. \Vith numbed fingers he paddled his canoC' to a c.hlctor four Ill iles away. - Tll t' P r'oplt'.

~63

mittec, presepted gold medals and bars to 2-+ members in the Birmingham Division, and congratulated the recipicnts. He also handed the Felix Fellows Cup to the captain of the Solihull tcam, and congratulated thc Stourbridge J ullction and Solihull teams ' on gaining the Advanced and Beginncrs' trophies respectively, and wishcd them success in the forthcoming scmi-final conte ts. Hl hoped to see one or both of them at Paddington for the Final competition in ::\1a;-. He congratulated ~Ir. C. H. O\'e rbury (Divisional Ambulance Secretary) on his recent promotion as Officer in the Order of St. John, and paid tribute to ::\Ir. G. Sheppard who had rendered such valuable as i tancc in the Birmingham Diyi ion. ::\Ir. II. S. B. 'Whitley distributcd examination awards gained by the Solihull, ~ Leamington, Stratford-on-Ayon and Southcrn Road clas cs. Presentations also made, on behalf of the Class membcrs, to the medical lecturers. An interesting concert of yocal and instrumental music formed part of the proceedings.

Great Western. ·().'lI'E:IITl():\~.

lJ j

.\s the result of thc semi-final round thl G.\\'. R. 1l)33 Cumpdition , thc following eight

tL'CllllS (which obtained lhe highest mark) will participatc in the final contest at Paddington on pril 28th:\\-L: mouth (Blginner ); Cardiff T ewto\\'l1; Pont: pool l{oad: Li.,;kcaru: \\ cymouth (Advanccd); Purton; \\'indUll onth Lambcth. ThL only team in the 13cginner " CIa to CJ.ualify for the tinal c(ll11pLlition i' \\'l) mouth of the Bri tol (B) ])l\·i"inl1 and \\. C\·l11outh Advanced team abo fiO'ure among: thc finalIsts. \\ "cymonth Deginncrs han thus \\'on th'e 1 Tarn' \\ ehb Do\\ I which is awarded a1111ual1" to the team obtai ;ling highet po ition ill the Beginners' -Class. It is annollnced that the judg'es in the final compctition \\ ill bc Lienl.- 01. F. A. Drookcs (lndi\-idual work) a nd Dr. 1. 11. ::\fc lean (Tcam work). ,\c; the n<lll1LS of somc of the team which haye figured morL or less ng-ularly in the final competition are thi' )t'ar ah.-ent from the list. there i a good deal of conjecturc a ... to thL de tinatioll of the DJrector -' Challenge ~ hielcI this )'t:ar. The trophy ha'> been \\ 011 by a ;-Jewport tcam Oil ten prcyious occasions . but this year-for the fir t time for man) ) ears-no ?\ e\vport team has qualified for the final round.

Lr:.\~lIXGTox.-t\mbulancc

workers in the Binning-

LO:\Dox.-The ambulance ranks of the G.\V.R. losl one of its mo t ardent workers in the recent retirement of ::\1r. J. J. caplehorn of the Locomotive Department. Old Oak Common, London, who has had a long and meritOrious ambulance career. ::'\Ir. Scaplehorn holds an the long scnice awards of thc Company including the 30 years' bar, and has bccn particularly actiYe in preading the gospel of first aiel among fello\\' worker on the raih\'ay, e pecially the younger generation. In past years he \\'as very prominent in competition work. being a member of the team rcpre enting the G.\Y.R. in the Inter-raihyay contest on' several occa ion , besides being a member of final and \\ inning teams for the Dewar Shield, In recognition of hi sen'ice for the first aid mo\'C ment, 1\Ir. Scaplehorn was elected a erying Brother of the Order of St. John in 1915. \\-ith other members of the Paddington Division, hc was a ociatcd with Dr. Cantlie in pro\'iding the illu trations-so familiar to all ambulance workers-in the fir t aid text book, and \ya a co-innntor with Dr. Can"ell and another of the .. \'-estern" torniquet, \\"hich \\"a elected as the mo t practicable and uitable field torniquet for V.A.D.s. As a mcmber of the London A. Divisional Committee since the inauguration of the Diyi ional Organisati on in 1913, his valuable contributions to the movement will be particularly missed.

ham Di\'i ion hcld thcir annual O'athering at the Vlinter

11111. Leamington. ?lIr. \V. E. Hart, Diy. Supt., presiding, SA\ ' E]) 13\

A I D.

Razlway Ambulance News.

J\mbulance J'l ews euttings from the 3\'ess. T he EdiLor invites Readers LO send newspaper cuttings un matter of general interest for inclusion in lhis column.

FIRST

Ap ril, 1933.

Apri l, 1933.

A 10 .

SUpported by the 1Ia),or, Councillor W. Edmund J one. ::\lr. H. S. B. Whitley, Divisional Engineer, 1\1r. F. K. Pclley, District Goods 11anagcr, ::\lr. R. II. Gray, Di\·. Loco. Supt., and a large number of local officers and others interested in the movement. .Mr. Hart welcomed thc g u csts and gave a brid ot~t1~n.e of the progre s of first aid in the Birmingham Dl\'lSJOll. Th !-.Iayor referred to his keen intercst. as a mcmber 0 r the medical profession, in ambulance work. an~ emphasi sed the importance of competition training. \\1hlch ensured rcgular practice. and also team work and discipline. Mr. J. F. Lean, Principal Assistant to the Gcneral l\lanager and Chairman of the G.vV.R. Ambulance C0111-

WINDOX.- ome 400 ambulance workers and their friends assemb led at the Queen' Royal Hotel, windon on March 31st for the Annual Smoking Concert and Pre entation of Awards in connection with the Swindon Ambulance classe , when }.Ir. J. uld, Principal A ilant to the Chief !-.Iechanical Engineer, presided. Among those present were the Mayor of Swindan. Dr. R. B. Hick, and a full company of G.v\-.R. local officcrs. The pre entations, which included a number 0 f gold medals and bars for 30. 3 ~ and 20 years' efficienc: re pectinly, ,nrc made by 1.1r. J. F. Lean, Principal Assistant to the General Manager and Chairman of thc G. \ V.R. Ccntral Ambulance Committee. Mr. Lean read a tclcgram he had received to the effect that the windon Advanced tcam had qualificd to

FIRST

26-t

compete in the Final Ambulance competition at PaddingtOll, and in congratulating the members on their succe s, aid he hoped they would go further and win the Interrailway Challenge Shield for the Great \Vestern Railway. Other presentations, including class awards, were made by the )'1ayor. who said that there was no movement in which goodwill for our fellows is expressed in a more practical way than in ambulance work. He referred to the fact that as a result of the example set by railwaymcn at windon no fewer than 60 Corporation cmployces were now undergoing first aid instruction. An enjoyable vocal and instrumental 111U ical programme was contributed. \YoReE TER.-Railway Ambulance ,,·orkers in the \Vorcester Division met at the Public Hall, \Vorcester, on the enning of April -th, for their annual presentation of competition prizes. trophies and examination awards. .:.Ir. R. \V. Higgin. Div. Supt., presided, and was accompanied by ~Irs. Higgins, and among others present were .:.Ir. E. \\T. Mauger, District Goods ~1anager, and 1Irs. ~Iat1ger, Mr. R. J. Armstrong, Diy. Loco. Supt., and a large number of local officials. ce sful year, and said that in the 250 miles of raih,'ay comprising the \Vorcester Division 15 per cent. of the employees ,nre qualified to render first aid. The awards presented included the Kilbourne Kay" Shield for ad__ anced \yorkers. the" Kilbourne Kay" Cup for beginners, and a number of g-old efficiency awards. 1\1r. Higgin congratulated ),11'. \Y. J. \Vaite} the Div. Amb. Secretary, who has the longest sen' ice in that capacity on the Great tern Raih,-ay, on his recent promotion in the Order of St. John to the grade of Officer. Ci

"·c

London, Midland and Scottish. BRISTOL.-~Ir. \V. J. \Vaddington} District Locu. Supt.. presided oyer the tenth annual concert and dance, at which there was a gathering of about 250. Col. Rudgard, Div. Supt., l\lotive PO\,yer, Derby, presented the awards, consisting of 2 certificates, 28 labels, 2 gold medals. 2 gold bars for 25 years' service, and 2 gold bars for 30 years' service. He also spoke of the valuable work done by ambulance men on the railway.

Apr il, 1933.

A I D.

The plaques and cerlificates presented by the Directors of the Company were handed to the respective members 'of the North Docks Team, who won the Directors' Challenge Shield in the years 1925, 1927, and 1930. The greatest enthusiasm was displayed when the ommemoration Cup, presented by the members of the mbulance 110vement in Liverpool, was handed to the yYaterloo Dock Ladie' To. 1 Team} in recognition of their winning the Ladie' hallenge Cup throughoul Great Britain in the years 1930, 1931 and 1932. In the Birmingham District Competitions 21 team competed in Division I, and 12 in Division 3, which \\'ere held in Bournville. Dr. Richard, \Valsall. and Dr. Clyde 1kKenzit'. Smetl1\.\·ick, judged the o. 1 Diyision competitions and Dr. Robb and Dr. ~1urdock the Divi ion 3. For the Diyi ion 3 the Birmingham Co-operati\'e Society had prc ented the "B.c.~." hield. This \\a'i being competed for for the first time. By the courtesy of :\1essrs. Cad bury Bros. all competitors were shown oyer the works at Bourm ilk. At the conclusion of the competitions, 1\1r. Brook (Di::.trict Passenrrer ~1anager) presided 0\ er the presentation meeting. Among- tho e upporting- WL\'e 1\1r. D. C. :\IcCullock, Col. B. J. J. Ford. )'Ie' rs. T. EYans, Ae:~letnll, T. II. \Vhecn. F. O. ),1oorc; ~[r. \V. T. Dlake and :\II~:-' IIelp (Diy. \Velfare Officers) and )'Ir. ·G. Jack 'un, . ..,..,i..,tant to General Ambulance ecretary. The Chairman cOllg-ratlllated the District on the record number of teams \\ hich had entered the COI1lpetitions, \\'hil t each judge criticised the work clone hy the teams. )'1r. IcCulloch di. trihuted the prize and trophIC:> as follows: Division 1. The County Shield-Sallley Traffic Team; Divi ion 3, The "B.c. .... ' Shicld-,\ . . t()1l Traffic Team. Col. Ford (Assistant County Commi "ioner S ..T.-\.n.1 paid hig-h tribute to the \\ork done by larg"e employ<.:r . . uf labour, such as Railway Companie '. in encouraging' their "'orkers to take up the ludy of fir t aid. Thanks to :\1r. D. C. ~Ic ullock and to the chairman concluded the busine .

FIRST

Mr. J. vVillis, chairman of the centre, presided, and .l\lr. IIornsby was thanked on the motion of D r. J. G. McBride. Among those present, in addition to those already mentioned, were: Mr. C. 11. Jenkin Jones, Supt., York; Mr. T . B. Hare District Supt., Darlington; 1\1r. E. V. Taylor, Hull; M/ J. R. adler, Asst. District Supt.} York; Mr. C. Murray, \\'alkergate; 11r. II. \V. Greany, Tyne Dock; Mr. F. Parkinson, Staff Asst. to General Manager, York; Mr. C. n. Rafton, Secretary, special Ambulance Committee, York;. :\I~. T. O. l\Iein, ecretary, G.E. Centre, Stratford. . Dlstnci ecretaries: 1\11'. S. Cooper, Darlington; Mr. CT. J 1. Oakes, II ull; 1\1r. J. G. Hansell, Star beck; Mr. A. E. Ar!11Strong, Newcastle; ?Ilr. A. Atkinson, York; Dr. J. D. LClgh, Sunderland; Dr. \V. Yeates} orth Shields; Dr. I r. Fallo\\ s, Redcar. Fuurteen JalJeJ members of the Tyne Dock Ambulance Class competed for the" Shields Gazette" Cup. The ,vinl1er was 11r. J. \VaIlace . Th rce other cups were offered for competition in the

AID.

2bS

success and progress of the class and had been instrumental in securing a number of cups for competition among the men. The other trophies were presented by Dr. Burrows. The Horsforth Station Ambulance Class d~parted from their annual custom of holding a concert 111 conj unction with the presentation of a,\"ards. On Monday, April 3rd, a dinner was held for cIa s members and friends, and this proved the most successful e\'ent ever held since the class was formed. Mr. C. Thorpe} Engineer's District Inspector} presented the awards, in place of Mr. John ~1iller, who was unable to attend . 11r. W. Richardson} Yard )'1aster} Leeds} occupied the chair in an experienced manner. Among those present were 11r. -VV-. Clapham and Mr. C. Simpson. Thanks were extended to )'Ir. W. H. Reynard, CIa s Secretary; to 11r. Richardson for presiding; :\1r. Thorpe, and to the artistes for their splendid entertainment. Twenty-nine members and friends were present.

------- .-- .-------

London and North Eastern. N ORTI-I - EASTER

Ln'ERPooL.-The distribution of awards of No. 15 District was presided over by Mr. F. R. Hauxv.:ell, District Goods Manager, supported by Messrs. J. O. Hignett, VV. Baker} R. F. Harvey} R. W. Poyser, W. l\1iller, T. D. L. White, T. Elsworthy, G. Jackson (Ambulance Centre, Euston)} along with other local representatives of the Company. The total number of awards for the year 1932 was 416, including 27 first year and 27 second year certificates; 40 medallions and 322 labels for subsequent examinations, and including examinations of nOl1-Company's servants, a grand total of 460 was reached. The distribution included 5 gold medals for 15 years' service, 15 gold bars for 20 years, 15 for 25 years, and 4 for 30 years service in the Movement. A gold medal was presented to Mr. J. W. Miller by Dr. Shortt for the highest marks in the December examinations. A meritorious certificate, for exceptional promptitude and efficiency in rescuing a man from an electric rail under adverse conditions and saving life, was presented to Peter S. Menzies, joiner, Liverpool Exchange.

Apri l, 1933.

AREA .

The Annual Competition for the "\\'hartol1" Shield, and to select the team to compete against the winner of the other Centres of the Line, wa held at York on Saturday, April 1st, when six teams competed. Dr. F. E. Bendix, of llford, adjudicated, and set two in teresting tests. A large crowd of spectators gathered in the Railway Gymnasium to watch the teams at work. _ Mr. Thomas Hornsby, Div. General Manager of the North-Eastern Area, presented the shield to the Hull Railway Police who had been awarded the first place with 264 marks. Other placings were: 2, York C. c r W., 259; 3, Darlington, North Road, 239; 4, Newcastle Tync Dock, 234; 5, :Middlesbrough, 20n; 6) Leeds tarbeck 178. ' , Mr. Hornsby} in his speech, mentioned that 1 662 certificates, vouchers, medallions, etc., had been obtai;1ecI, and there were still the results of 40 classes to come in. The Long Service Medal had been awarded to 147 members of the N.E. Area, and also 189 bars. IIe thanked Dr. Benc~ix f.or acting as judge, and Mr. George Jackson, who agal11 dlscharged the secretarial duties.

PllOtograpll by] Capt F. E. Bendix J udging the

[ Yorkshire Herald. .E. Area (L.N . E. R.) Final Competition

\ ariotls sections of the class. They were: The" Ald. and ~I rs. C. A. IIenderson" Cup, for first year men; the •. IIarcourt Johnstone" Cup, for second year men, and the "Vice-President's ' Cup, for third year men, and these \\ ere ,\,on by 11r. G. McGurg, Mr. W. Payne, and 11r. II. Duncan, respectively. Dr. \V. Yates (North hields) was the examiner in the (, (;azctte JJ Cup competition, and the other sections were examined hy Dr. C. Barton (East Boldon). Presenting the" Gazette" Cup to Mr. J. Wallace, Dr. Yates said he had given them a simple test. He had found that, hy giving an easy test, the men were apt to forget minor details, which lost them points. The winner had secured 59 points out of a pos ible 70 points. Dr. Yates also paid tribute to the work done by 11r. J. Burrows, hon. secretary of the ambulance class. Mr. Burrows, he said, had been largely responsible for the

SOUTHER

AREA .

G. N . S EeTIO

•

The 32nc1 final competition of this Centre was held at Liverpool treet Gymna ium on March 23rd. ix teams} winners of their Di tricts, competed for the Cup presented by the officers of the old Great Nor~hern Company, the Judges being Dr. J. tanIey DaYleS and Dr. H. A. Dunlop. Mr. R. Matthews, President of the Centre presided at the prize distribution and announced the ~esults as follows: I} Leeds Central, 270; 2, Boston, 236}; 3, King': Cros~ Goods, 23-1-; 4} \iV elwyn Ga relen City, 232; 5. Nottmgham, 213; 6, Doncaster Plant 207. The winning team will represel{t the Centre in the Group Competition to be held this month. Mr. Matthews, in presenting the Cup and other

]66

FIR. S T

a\\"ards, congratulated the ,,"inners and wished them 'uccc s in their next ciTort. He tated that the award gained durin o ' the pa t year howed a decrea e of 68, \\"hieh wa . howe,'er, con idered ati factory, o,ying to the pre ent condition '. Eig'hty-one long seryice C)'old medal for fifteen year' en'ice and fi£ty~three gold bar' had been i ucd in the Ccntre. In conclusion, )'1r. Matthe\\"s thanked the Chief and District Officer for their continued support, and the ).1edieal Officers. Di trict and Class eeretaries and In ' truclo r for their untiring efforts.

G.E.

ECTIO:-;r .

Thl' final competition' of the G.E. Cenlre \\"('re hdLl un _-\pril 3th. at the G.E. lIechanics' Institution. ~trat ford. Eight team . \yinner of their respectiYe District , presented them -elyc before Dr. F. E. Bendix} L.R.c.P., .:\LR.C.S., who adj udicated in the team and ::.Io. 3 te ts, and Licut.-Col. F. A. Brooks, 1LD., \\'ho had charge of the indiyidual tests. After an interc -ting compctition, ir Charles A. Batho. BarL, presidcd at the prcsentation of awards. ir Charles thanked all ambulance men of the G.E. Ccntre for their untiring and -,,-olunlary enices, which \\ ere the mcans of saying considerable suffering, ),1 r. T. O. .:\lein, Centrc Secretary, announced 1h c re ' ults as fo11o\\"s: 1, Han\"ieh and Parkeston "A" 233 marks: 2, Harwich and Parkeston" B." 211; 3, Yarmouth, 206: -1-. Ipswich. 190: 3, Cambridgc. 18n; 6, King's Lynn, 173; 7. Bishopsgate, 168; 8, Bishops Stortford, 13-1-. Indiyidual winner. H. Coleman of Cambrido'e. After the presenta'tion of prizes b oth judges gan criti cisms on thc work done, According t o the annual report. the figures of the: C entre show a reducti on in membership of three only. \\"hich. in "iew of the present difficult circumstances may be regarded a gratifying. It is also pleasing to note that the female membe rs of the staff continue to take up th e work. The Company's Special ),Ieritorious Awards han been granted to )'Iessrs. R. A. Burge s, fireman, fire brigade; A. C. Halycrson} police con table, and H. R. t ead, fireman} fire brigade, all of Parkeston.

The annual competition of the Cynon Valley Ambulance Corps was held on Saturday, April 1st, at the Workmens' Hall, C\vmaman, Aberdare won the "Dr. Ogoh'ie" Challenge Cup and Duffryn AI~an, .\.beraman "A" the " Dr, l\Iilne" Challenge Bowl. DuA'ryn .-\man has been successful on seven occasions during the past 10 ):ears.

.-\t a social evening organised by the ladies' nursing class in connection with the Ross Division, S,]. .'\., B., at St. :\lary's Church Hall, on Friday, April 7th, Dr.]. E. Haine, the surgeon, was presented with a silver alarm clock in recognition of his services to the ambulance division, and for his lectures, Sister Smith was given a box of chocolates. The presentations were made by Miss l\larion Plowden, 3'

•

The Dagenham Division, S.].A, B., have arranged a lecture on " Artificial Respiration" for Tuesday, :\pril 25th, at the Out-patients' Department of King George IIospital, Becontree, Messrs, Siebe, Gorman & Co., Ltd., ha\'e arranged for one of their representati\'es to be the lecturcr. Memhers of other Di\'isiol1s will be welcomed.

A I D.

April , 1933.

The Royal Life Saving Society. IN our article in the l\larch is ue, a detaileu de cription l)f how lhe changes in th capaciLy of the thorax are brou~ht about, \Va gin~n; now thal the theory of this is understol)d the pnlctical application of resu 'l ilation can be dealt \\'ith. .\'ILhough there are a numbcr of methocJ" for appl) In!..!' re uscila1ion, the 0 ielyafler long and careful consideration uecided in 1907 to use the method known as the " ~ cllafer" :'lethod, originated I y Prof. 'ir E. Sharpe) - l'hater, F. R. '" Head of the Phy-;iological Dcpartment of I~dinburgh C nil'ersity, as being the 1110:.t eJli.cient fl)r lhc follo\\ ing' reasons :1. It is simple, readil) learned, reL(uin,' s harul\' any muscular exertil)\1 alld cau es no faligue to lh~ operator. 2,-It can be carried out by a singll' operator. 3, - It is elTicienl in eficcting all exchangc l)f air, -!-, -The air-pas age arc not blllCkeu b) lhe tOI1~ ue, which falls forward instead of backward, 1101 b, \\ ilkr, IllUCUS and froth, which are l'xpellcd thJ'L)ugh th~ l1louth,

S. There is nu risk l)f injury tu tile CLH1!-:l'SlL'd li\er ur lo any other organ. II i sometimes kl1(l\\ n as tbc Pn)l1l' Pil'ssun.: .\kthlKL The procedure is a follo\\'s: ~o time mu t b wa teu, but as SUOIl as tile hod) of the apparenLly drowned person is rel1lo\cd fnml the \\'ak!", it IllUSt be at once placed, belly down, 011 lhe ncarL'st ilat surface, the head turneu a lillie lO olle ide ,lnd thc arms laiu forwards, :\'ol an instant i to he lost, e\ell ill luosl' lling clothin~; artifi('ial respiration Illu..,t b('~in \\ ithout ;ln1LlIllCl1t':-, delay and be kept up as lon~ as Illayappc,lr IlcL'l.:ssary; in some cases life ha been restored after an Iwur l)r ll111re l)f unceasing- work. H.I\1. Board of Trade in their oflicial instructil)(ls (Factory Act regulation 29) ad,'ocale continuing- resliscitHtil)n flll at least four hours before deciding that further treatment \\'ould be of no a\'ail, but details are knowil \\ here pCILLH.ls up to 1-!- hours duration ha\'e pro\'ed ' uccessfuL To perform artilicial respiration place) ourself nn l1l1e side, ne\'er astride, of the patient, facing the head, ill tl full kneeling position, wilh knees and hips hent. PUl your hands on the small of the patient's b<tck, tilL: wri t nehrl~ touching, the thumbs as near each olher as pLl""ihle \\ ithout strain, and the fingers passing over lhe loins on either sidl', but not pread out. T:len bending your houy from the knees, and somewhat straightening the hip joints s\\'in~' slowly fon\'ard, so that the ,,'eight of YOLlr body is cOI1\'eyed lO your hands . No exertion is required; the necessary pressure is imparted by the weight of your hody, In this way the ratient's abdomen is pressed against the ground; the abdominal viscera are forced againsl lhe diaphragm; the diaphragm rises, and the air is driven out of the lungs along with water or mucus which may be present in the <-lirpassages and mouth, and expiration is produced. e..xt, swing your body slowly backwards lo its first position, thus removing its weight from the hanus (which are left in place) and relaxing the pressure on the abdomen. The visccra now resume their former position, the diaphragm descends, the thorax is cnlarged and air passes into the lungs, inspiration being produced, Repeat the movements regularly about 12 times a minute, swinging your body alternately forwards and backward from 1 he knee. Every such double movement will occupy aboul 5 scconds- 2 of which may be taken up hy pressurc (expirntion) and 3 by relaxation (inspiration) ; to ensure regularity you may count five slo\\'ly. YOUl' arills should h kept

April, 1933 .

FIRST

straio'ht the whule time; nol benl at elbows, Continue this proc~lure until there are s~gn~ of recovery, S:lOwn ,hy the reappearance of nnt ural respln:t~o.ns. ] f, th~se are Ineffective or tend rrg-ain to cease, artillclal reSpiratIOn must be resumed, , 'fi ' I ., \\'hile th operator is perforl11l11g artllCla resplrat.!On 01 hcrs may, if opportuni,ty ,offers, e~dea\'?ur to l;elp b~' gOln~' for medical aid and as 1st In restonng cIrculatIOn b) appl)in~ warmth in the shape of hot bollles ,and f1anne~s to the legs and feet, but not by rubbing the !Imbs at thIS stagc, :'\othing musl be allowed to interfere "\'I~h the performan~e of rlrtificial respiration, nor must the patient be turned ~n h~s hack or recein! nn,· restorati\'es hy the mouth, unyl hIS natural hreathing is 'completely re-established a.nd he IS fully con . cious, Such change of position. may easiI) .block t~le air-passages and produce fatal asphYXia.. PromotIOn of circulation ;11<l\' now he undertaken 11) rubbll1g th~ whole length nf the limb tl)wards the heart, the operator uSI~g th~ palms nf hi hands for lIw purpo:e. \,'Ilen tIll' patIent I COIllpletely restored, and his ahility to swallow has been tested by a te;hroonful of warm water, a teaspoonful of wart:n hrandy and water may be admini ler d, He may then he un his right side on a \\'arm !leu and be encouraged to sleep, hut h'c n~usl he carefully \\'atched for some time to see lhat brl'Clti1illg dol'S not again fail. ._ , .. The knO\\'led~'c of ho\\' to apply arttlll~lal re plratlon "hould hc known hy nil, whether they nre s\nmmers or no.t, ;IS it... applicali\)n i's of th~ utmo~t importance not onlr ,In C;t')(!S of unm ning, hut asph~ xta caused frol11.' amongst oliKr things, g-as poi 'oning- or sewer gas, chemIcal fumes, smoke and electric ..,hock. pel ial precautions mu..,t be ob cn' d in the case of ., . l' lll trir hl)l k, as folll1\\'s : '-;ilould thl' patil'nt be still in contncl \l'lth,a II\'e \\'1;e, . . \\ ill 11 011' thl' current or pull out the plug lo \"hlch L1~e \\',Ire i attacheu, Be l' areful )ourself to a\'oid contact \\,Ith 11\.1.' conductors and L1Sl' gTI':t c<tution in e\ery procedure. ~f It i. not possihk t\) cut olT the curn.:nt, ~ry lo pull t~le paben: :twa\' fn)1l1 L'\)ntact, but ch) not touch hlln ~xcept \"Ith rubbel g'ILl\:l' ''' L)r :-;()Ille non-Cl)nducting dr~ material, uch as n loop \,f ropl' or it \\ L'l1lkn gar~lH?n~, . , 1I' 110 sign l)f hre:tthl11g I.., ohscn'ed, place the bod) face do\\ 11\\ ards on a dn Ill)Or , nr on ' traw, and at o.nce proceed witll artilicial I"cspi"mtion in the manner deSCribed for lhe Ire.l1m Ilt of tIll' apparell~l\" dro\\ ned, Do not delay f~)r a 111L)(11ent and CL)nlinuc as long- <to.; there i allY hope of revIl'aL 111 till' c.t ' I.' of electric shock, or a pali~nt rescued f,rom a burning huilding, it is probabl? lhat he ~nay I~rl\'e sLlstall1ed cxten:-,i\'c burlls, if YOll succeed In reslOrtng hIm, the burn,S :-Iwllid be promptly attenden ~o, On no account hould at! or g- rease bc applied to the skill; th,e prop~r treatmel:t COI:.. is h in the burn .. being dusted thIckly WIth dryanl1septtc powder, such as tannic 'a~id o,r picric acid; they l'an then be lightl\' l'o\'ered with anti eptlc gauze to protect them from furlher injury, and 01 course the pati~nt should be rem,o\'ed as soon a , it is cxpedient so thal medIcal care can be g-I\'en, The 'chafer method of resu citrltion is, as already explained, simple and eOicient, ,but it. is .e, sential, that tho~e \\'ho \\'ould npply il, :hould obtalll pcnodlcrrl pract~ce , ,Such was undouhtcul) the case from a report appe~rtng- In .the press of a few days ago, when a young. lady, wh!lst \.valk1l1g by the river at Oxford, heard 0111e children crYil1g that one of th,=ir playmates had fallen in, she threw off I?er co~t and hat, di\'ed frol11 the hr idg-e, and caught the chtld as It was sinking, , ., 1 ' She brouo'ht him to the bank, applted artLficla respiration, and as s;on as the breathing was, rest.xed, she superintended the child' remol'al to hospItal, where he wa detained for a few hours, but wa later allo'\\'ed to go home, lilLie the worse for h is ad\'enture. NOTI~, A doctor wi ll sometimes in cases of suspended allimation inject Adrenaline, and the effcct in restoring tl-e action of the hart i. ohen magical.

267

A I D.

~o1ice J\mbulance News. CITY OF PL Y:V[OCTH.

An extract from the annual report of the Chief Constable of the City of Plymouth, :\1r. \\', C. Johnson, rel'eals that no fe\\'er than 261 qualifications are held by members of tIll' Force. .. f The Chief Constable adds :-The local organisatIon 0 the SL John i\mbulance i\ssociation relieves the police \'~ry larITely in connection with injured persons, and I am qUIte certain that it would he very difficult lo find a!lother area \\'here there exists such complete understandll1g and cooperation between the Sl. John Ambulance personnel and the police. , This is in a large measure due to the County CommIssioner Ir. Hedley \'. I\1ilier, whom I am fortunate to ha\'e as hOI~orarr ambulance superintendent to the force. I ,am glad to ha;e the opportunity in this report of admowledgtng lhe \'ery great help he has been to the Force generally and lo me personally,

CITY OF LO:\'DO:\' POLICE RESERVE. Recent e\'ents in connection with the 1933 Instructional Course and Examinations in First .-\id, i my excuse for the absence of my report last montl:, " Dr. Corbet Fletcher was WIth us agalIl thIS year as the examining :\1.0., the examinatiof1~ being h~d at headquarters on th~ e\'enings of :.'IIarcb 1Jth, 1 ~th, bth and ~6th, l.'nfortunateh' the numbels of those exam1l1ed was conslder-, ably less thal~ last year, and I regret to add the num.ber ot failures wa \'ery much higher, the actual figures ~etng 0 passes out of the 94 ,\\,ho ,were examined., It ~s really a toni ' hing ho\\' many first aid men seem to Imagtne thal the" Manual" can be merely read through, and that 'watching an instructor is sufficient practical work to get them passed. They want to lea\'e e:'~rything to ~hance, and th.en expect to obtain their first certdlcate by tellln?, the e,x a 111 111ing :'1. O. the little they kno1;\,. :\ly experIence ,,:Ith FI'ctcher is that he ha a wonderful way of reyersiI1g thl order of things, rlnd they soon tlnd that, ,instead, it i he who tells them of the little they know. It 1 e\,entually.my job to COl1\'ince them that \\'ant of study and lack of practtcal work is alone the cause, One item of particular interest to report i the, t'\\'o lectures on 'c Defence .1gainst Ga " which our ChIef 1\1. 0., Capl. A, C. \\Thite Knox, gave at h,ea;tquarter , the first on I\Iarch 22nd and the second on AprIl .)th. I should add that both these lectures were attended by a ,'ery large number of officers both of the City Police and the Resen'e, and a considerable number of men of both forces. The ,'ast amount of intere t taken ha resulted in the lecturer's promise to issue an abridged edition of these lecture ' for the use of the Re erve. . -\t the moment \ye are aU out with team practIce for the fortl;coming Sir \ Vm. Smith Cup Competition, which it ~s hoped will take place on April 26th, T? nfortunately there IS some difficulty in getting a repreSellt~tl\'e tea~11 from one ?f the Di\'isions, which, in the e\'enl of It not be~ng entered. 111 time in accordance \."ith the rules and regulabon go\'ern1l1g the competition, willme'ln the matter h,aving to.drop thro~g_h for thi rear. .\ s with eyery other bu Ines , th1l1gs are ddtlcult at the moment, which perhaps may have some bearing on our particular ,,'orle CECIL G. Ei\IERY, 1-1011. Sec. rlnc.1 Cnmdr.

D:,

FIRST

A I D.

April, 193 3.

April, 1933.

Our Nurses' Pages. COMPILED

AMBULANCE

CO.L·:'TY OF COR:\\VALL.-Three teams entered for a competltlon for the" Leggo ' and" Rich" Cups which wa held at Cam borne. They represented Constantine St hes and Bickford Smith's (Tuckingmill) ursing Di~'isi~ns of the S.J.A.B. Dr. Hatfield, of Pendeen, and Miss Kicke, matron of Redruth Hospital, acted as Judges. St. hes were the winners with 37 marks Constantine (last year's winners) being second \vith 369 ~nd Bickford Smith's third with 319. ' Dr. Hatfield congratulated the teams on their work, especially Bickford Smith's, which came from a newly formed di\'ision. ~Irs. AgnevY, wife of Commander P . G. Aanew, )\1. P., ¥:ra~lOu,~ly presented the" Leggo" Cup to St. Ives, and the Rlcl: Cup to Constantine, the runners-up. She also \'e.r): ~lI1dly presented a cup to be competed for by :\fursing Dn'lslOns of the S.J.A.B. and the B.R.C.S. in the County~f Cornwall. FI~~BURY TURSING DlnsloN, S.J.A.B.-A divisional c?mpetltlOn was held on Monday, March 13th, at the Di\'isIOnal Headquarters, Aldersgate ,'lard Schools, E. C., Di\·. Supt. "V. Roust kindly acted as Judo-e. The winner was A/ S. :'tIiss Tippett who thus gained the" Franklin '.' .Cup and also a fitted first aid case j A/S Mrs. Coles recen'lI1g the second prize. TI~e . com~etition ,,'as witnessed by Dr. Lund, Asst. C~m~lssloner 111 ch~rge of Central Area o. 1 District, Lady Dlstnct Officer. :\llss "Valker, :\liss Tuck, f\1. B. E., (the Hon. Lady PresIdent of the Diyision), Div. Surgeon F. P Adams and Diy. Supt. and Mrs. Herbert. .

. " l\lAY RALPHS" SIIIELD COMPETITION.-The competitIOn open to S.J.A.B. Nursing Diyisions of the Fylde was h~ld at Blackpool Headquarters on Saturday, March 25th. FI\'e teams entered, two from St. Annes, one from Fleetwood, and two from Blackpool, Dr. Iredale kindly aceing as J udp-e. Blackpool "A" team obtained first place with 278 marks, followed by St. Annes" A" team with 251. ~lrs. Ralphs kindly presented the Shield to the winninlf team and mementos to the teams placed first and second, h The Blackpool.. ursing Division is to be congratulated on se\'eral competition successes recently. After wlnning the Southport Cup, they added to their laurels by bringinohom: the Nur~ing C.hallenge Shield, competed for at Haslll1gden, ha\'lng gamed 250 marks out of a total of 253. The team leader was Lady Ambulance Miss Archer. NORTHA:'IIPTON COUNTY COMPETITION.-The King St. Headquarters of the S.lA.B. in Northampton was the scene of the annual County Competition on Saturday, March 25th when 8 teams .fr?m Tursing Divisions in the county com~ peted for the pnvtlege of representing Northamptonshire in the Brigade Competition for the" Perrott" Shield. Col. Williamson, urse Hutchinson, Dr. Lock, Nurse !3ro\vn, und Lady District Officer Miss Mayhew acted as Jud~es.

Among those wh.o witnessed the tests were the Mayor and Mayoress (Counclllor. M.rs. P. F. Hanafyand Miss Olga Hanafy), County CommissIoner Dr. Leslie Dryland Dr Percival, Corps Supt. Edwards and Mrs. EJwards. ' .

SISTER.

The results were announced as follo\\'s : 1, Victoria, 'Veiling-borough Corps, 2xO marks l)Llt of a ~otal of 350 ; 2, Rothwell, Kettering- Corps, 268; 3, Ca, tillan, Torthampton orps, 252 j 4, T\\'Y\\'ell, 242; 5, Desbor~ugh,. 241 ; 6, Higham Ferrers, 231 ~ ; /, Rushc.len, 227 ; 8, h,ettenng Headquarters, 197 t . The winning team consisted of Lady Ambulance OHicer 11ss Rowlalt, A, S. Mi s Adams, Ii .-\hbolt, and ~liss Askhall1. Following the competition, Lad,' Districl upt. J\lrs. Han'ey Ree\'es presented the en'ice :'Iledal for 15 ,car:,' efficient service to Lad, .\mbulanre Ollicer :'I[iss K. Oldham of Towcester. '

"T.

NORTHER:\ ARE.\, ,VEST RIDI:\'r., YORKS. The .\rea Competition for the" :'Ilountgarret " and" Hel-dman" 'ups was held at the Rowntree ocoa "'ork , York, on Satun.l;l\', March 25th. ' Dr. R. A. Dench acted a judge for the team test, :'lIiss S.haw (sister-tutor ~t tl:e Vict?ria Hospital, KeigIIiL'y) for the viva ,'oce, Lady DIstnct Onlcer :'Iliss G . . bhbern· for the bedmaking, and Lad, District OJ1lcer '\lrs. el~lard for uniform. ..\fter the te ts, Brig. General \\'. B. R. alllh., Count\, Controller for V .. \.D. in the \\'et Riding, presided, anclth~' results were announced as follo\\'s :1, Acom b, 258 marks; 2, York ~ o. 1 team, 252 ; 3, ho.lrby lalzeard, 244. T~n teams competed. 1\1rs. Sandy very kindly presented the" .\h)untgarn:t " C:;~p to Acomb, and the" Herdman" Cup for bl·dmaking- tn Kirby l\lalzeard who had gained the hig'hest marks for this part of the test. . Acomb no\,,' represent the ~\rea in the District C.ol1lpetitlon to be held? t. heffield, the winning- team of \\ hieh goes forward to the Bngaele Finals for the" Permtt " . hielc.l. y.

BRITISIl RED CROSS SOCIET\'S CO~lrETnIO:-" XI "'AIl WIcK.-The County Competition for the ri"ht to enter the ~rea Elimina.ting R:0und of the" tanley ,,t"Shield CompetitIOn re~ulted 111 a wIn for Leamington \\'ith <)02:\ mark out of a possible 1,016 Judging from the marks obtained, this team was by far the best that entered on Lhis occasion other results being S~ratford on A \'on, 719} mark and [,i;1eton 649~. " In the Area Competition, Leamington have to face tea'TlS from Shropshire, Staffordshire and ,Vorcestershire at Birmingham. TUDOR (ENFIELD) NURSING DIVISION, S.J,A.B. - I\ social eve.ning was held by this Diyision on Thursday, March 23rd, which was attended by Colonel R. V. K. Applin, D. S. O. M. P., Capt. White Knox, M. C. (Assistant Commissioner Northern Area, o. 1 District), District Officer, C. T: Osborne, Lady District Officer Mrs. iacFadden, Dr. F. H. Cook, Mrs. Shergold (Divisional Secretary), Miss F. Barker (Division.al Treasurer)! and Capt. H. D. Peabody, D.C. 1. . Dunng ~he evenIng Lady Bo\,vles graciously presented glf~s 0.£ medIcal books to Dr. B. M. Toop and Miss 1\1. 1. Falrchtld, S. R. N., in recog-nition of their valuable services to the Division in training the members; while Lady District Officer Mrs. MacFadden presented 86 award g-ained hI' the members.

FIR S T

. inc~ ItS formation abouL a year ago the Division has proved a great success, and several tributes were paid to Lady Ambulance OfEcer Mrs. Lee-Peabody and those who had h Ired her to form the Division and to carry it on. Dr. \Vhite Knox said that in the short period of twelve months in which they had been in existence they had become quite a strong Division. That served as a tribute Lo the ell'orL of Mrs. Peabody and the officers who helred her. It said a great eleal, al. 0, for the enthusiasm shown in the work of the l. ] ohn .\mbulance Brigade. He paid tribute to the g'reat intere t taken in the Division by the local medical l11L:J1, without whose help, he said, it was impossible to conduct satisfactorily any Division. It was owing to the interest of the doctors that the whole Division continued in a live and acti\e spirit, anel they were fortunate enough to have men and womcn \\'ho \\'ere keen on that work associated with them. Commenting on the fact that sev ral of the award had been \\'on by members of the same families, he said that the family aspect made for the excellent character of the >,'ork. Referring Lo the certificate which Lady District Officer .\Irs . .\Iacfadden hael pre ented, Dr. Cook said that they had all been well earned. "'hen the time came for the recipients to put the ~oul1d theoretical knowledge they had gained into practic , they should all be able to acquit themselves well. Ill' voiced the hope that they would not be content with the awards they had gained, but ,,"ould strive in the future to achie, e further honour. He congratulated them on their \'cry good \\'ork. .\n enjoyable prog-ramme of music and recitations was contributed b) members of the Di, ision.

(;O'iI'ORT .\'\[) .\r.\'ERsTO:-': ('RSIN(. DI\'ISION, S.lA. B. 1n Mder LO r,lise funds for the work of the Division, a ~ uCles . . ful concert was held at the Thorngate Hall, Gosport, <'n ,\1 an h ?th, thcr being' a large and aprreciati\'e audience. Th~ Ro~al :\a,al Barrack (Portsmouth) Concert Party a nd the '\larine Balld of the Barracks \'ery kindly ga\'e their sen ice"" and the excellent prog-ral11me they had arranged, which illcluued little rla)S of a humourous character, lksC'ned thL' splendiu reception it received. The :\Jayor and .\la~on;..." .\lderman and l\lrs. . Barnarel mith, very kindly attended. At the clo of the e,ening, a voLe of t ha nks to th artiste \\'a heartily given on the motion of Co unty oJ1ll1lis",ioner Col. "'. E. Pittard. The :'Iledical omforts Dep0t of the Di\'ision (which is run h) the adets) heing in need of funds, a concert \\'as held in hristchurch In titLlte, Go port. A good pro1-, f,'I11 I11C "'as arranged, and included musical items by l\Ir . GrL ,..:-ory's band, and also a display of Ilr t aid by the Cadets. Lad) Cadet u pi. ;\1 rs. ~ or ter propo ed a vote 9f than ks to the artiste for their sen'ice , which wa seconded by Ambulancc OITicer . tare, and carried unanimously. \\'EST LANe. V.A.D. INSPECTIO T.-The Annual Inspection of the v,Test Lancs. V ..~. D. was held at Southport ?n Saturday, April 1st, t\Jajor Bayley, l\I.C., R.A.l\l.C., beI~g the inspecting onlcer. He was accompanied by Col. Simpson, O. B. E., T. D., the County Controller; Assistant ~ommissioner E. Ralphs, J. P., represented the CommisSioner of 0.4 District, S.J.A.B., and District Officer W. H. Gastall and Dr. Riddle were also present. The Brigade was drawn up under Lad\' District Supt. 1\[rs. Tweedale, C.B.E., A.R.R.C. • V.A.D. C.\MP.-The ationaIV.A.D. Camp will he held at East Cowes from May 19th to June 13th, 1933. The Camp will be arranged in four periods-Friday, May 19th to Saturday, May 27th; Saturday, l\1ay 27th to Saturdny, June 3rd or Tuesday, June 6th; Friday, June 2nd

269

A I D.

or Saturday, June 3rd to Tuesday, June 6th; and Tuesday, June 6th to Tuesday, June 13th. During the first two periods complete COllrses of instruLtion will be g-iven in Hygiene and Sanitation, Infant and Child Welfare, and Camp and I l1\'alid Cookery, followeel b} examinations for certificate~ of the British Red Cross Society. Officers and members will be expected to attend at least one course of lp.ctures and to take the examination. The Llast week will be an Officers' Training Course. Lectures ",i)) be given on various subjects relating to the training of detachments, and much time will be de\'oted to practical work, including drill. Officers will ha"e the opportu nity of taking their I nstructors' Certificates if they so desire.

S.J. A. B. c'niP FOR OFFICERS AKD :\lE;\WERS OF :\URSl:-':G DI\'ISIOl\S.-The Southern Camp will be held at Herne Bay College, Kent, from Friday, August 4th to Friday, August 18th. Applications to attend should be made by .-\pril 24th, on the official form, to the Lady Supt.-in-Chief through the Officer in Charge of the Di\'ision, and a deposit of 5s . should ce sent with each application, which sum will be forfeited should the officer or member not attend. The balance due should be sent to the Lady Supt.-in-Chief to reach her not less than 14 days before the applicant is due to arriYe at the Cam p. Only women olllcers and members of the Brigade are eligible to attend, and those wishing to attend must stay at least one week, except for the Bank Holiday week-end, when they 'will be accepted from Friday, August 4th to the following Tuesday or \Vednesday, provided the full week's charge is paid. The days set apart for arri\'al are Friday, .~ugust 4th and Friday, August 11 th, after 2 p.m. For departure, Friday, .-\ugust 11th, and Friday, August 18th, before 1100n. I n exceptional circumstances and with permission of the C2mp Commandant, officers and members will be allowed to arrive and depart at other hours of the day. The cost per head per week, including board and lodging, ",ill be, for officers, 37s. 6d., and for members, 3S . There is a limited number of cubicles for \"hieh the inclu i\'e charge will be £2 per week Indoor uniform will be \\'orn every e\'ening and for ceremonial parades. For lectures and practical "'ork the plain grey cam p overall \.vith black tie and bE'lt may be worn. ?\lembers who ha\'e not a camp overall may \\'ear the grey washing dress without the apron with a grey petersham waist belt, ame hade as dress in. \vide, and a oft la),down collar and black tie fastened with Brigade brooch. The coat and skirt \\' ith white shirt blouse and black tie 111a\' be worn for tra\'elling to and from the camp and for off-dut}· hours. Officer and members will require at least one dre s, one overall (or two dresses if no o\'erall is taken), 2 caps, 3 collars, 3 pairs of cuffs, 2 belts, and 4 aprons for a week's stay. Three pairs of o\'er-slee,'es would be useful. I ufti will not be ,\'orn. Black shoes and black stockings only permissible. Black skirt, white shirt, and black tie may he worn for physical drill, games and sport. Dark knickers must be worn for physical drill, game, and sports. 1embers may bring, if de ired, a mackintosh, bathing dress, cardigan (cream or dark coloured), fancy dre ,hotwater bottle, thermos flask, tenni shoes and dres and racquet, or golf clubs, and must provide themsel\'es with face and bath towels. Lectures, drills, and practical training ",ill take place each day. Off-duty time will be given each day. Re\'eille 8 a. m. except for those detailed for early duty. Breakfa t 8.45 a,m. All onlcers and members mu t be in camp by 7 p. m. unless special permission has been granted by ~he Camp Commandant to be later. Lights out at 10.30 p.m. All officers and members will be expected to make their

2±

270

FIR S T

A I D. ----------

own bed and to assi l ",i th til work of th e camp as detailed h~ the Camp. omma nd a nt. The cooking " ' ill be und ertaken by the ' . . \. D . cook in rotal ion under an experienced head cool..::. :'Il e mbers ",hen applying to att nd camp Illa\ ask to be a ll owed thi cooki ng- experience and sho uld tate what pre"ious experience they han~. Bathing will be arranged for in partie . ~ o liability can be accepted br the Brio'ade or any Officers for injury or loss of any so~t ustained by those i~l camp. It is, therefore, "en' desirable that tho e atte ndin o' the camp should be in ure'd under the S.]. .\. B. scheme~ particulars of which can be obta ined frol11 the Brio-ade ecretary at St. J ohn ' Gate. P articu lars of the ~ o rth ern Camp were gi " en last month. . Items (Dil isional news and competitiom, social, interesting duties, lectures, etc.), for tbis page sbould be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon St., London, KC.4.

Reviews. A ~ E W DICTIONARY FOR NUR E . By Lois Oake , S.R. ' . , 0.1'\ . Edinburgh: E. c S. Livingstone, 16 17, Te\"iot Place.

Price 3s. 7lf'f. That a econd edition of this \\'ork ha been found necessary in less than tweh'e months after the i"i.rst issue is a sure indication as to thc usefulness and assistance it ai~'es to those engaged in the nursing profession. :-. :'Ilany extra terms and ne\'.· material has been added to the subject matter and, to G.lake the book more educational, a table of the ayerage normal physiological standards has heen included. The contents include abbre"iations of d egrees, diplomas, etc., and of medical terms; com parison of thermometric scales, weights and measures, a guide to pronunciation and ~ dictionary o~ medical terms, etc , In addition the appendix lI1c1udes such Items as synonyms of di eases in terestino- and historical medical fact, dietary tables and ~ther inter;stincT data. . '" \V e consider this work of great interest and it should be of g-reat. service t? professi.onal and lay nurses alike, as the ma~ter lI1cluded IS set out In such a ,,'a)' that it is clearly and easily understandable. . \t such a small cost we advise our read~rs to obtain copies and fee l sure they will he amply repaid. PHILIPS' VITAMIN" CHARTS. London: George Philip & Son, Ltd" 32, Fleet Street, E.C.4.

Price 8s. 6d. eacr net, "Ve have received two \"cry interesting- charts which at this time \Vhe~ dietetics ,are being so intently st udied, sho'uld prove an admirable baSIS upon which to teach the valu e of vitamins. The first cha rt-" Vitamin Valu es of Food s "-shows diagrammatically a ·wide range of foodstuffs in common u se tog-ether vvith tables indicatin g th e ir ABC and D vitami~ content. By this list we find that fresh g reen vegetables contain a large quantity of vitamin A Band C, but is dcvoid of D (fat soluble). The second-" Diseases R es ul t ing from L ac k of Vitamins "-sets out variou~ ?iseases \\'h~ch can be cured hy l11paitS of foodst.uffs conta lnll1 g t he reqUired "itamin of whi ch the patf'nt is lacking. Thus we learn that for Ri ckets, yolk

April, 1933.

of egg, cod li,'er oi l and certain fish arlO C'xcellent foods as each 'onta in vitamin D, Both c harts arc in co lour, 1l1 0unted 011 tanjib with I-oilers ancl mea~L1re -1-0 ins. x 30 in s. t\n illll strnted palllphiet ~ ivin g fu ll er d tails an be o btaincd frOI11 the' Publi shers on m e n tioning this J ounw l. PHILIP'

CJ-L\RT

A S

271

AID.

FIRST

Apri I, 1933.

A N

A S

DEPENDABLE

AN AMBULANCE THAT IS

A U sri N

A SOUND

THE IRCUL . \TrO~ THE BLOOD. London: George Philip & on, Ltd., 32, Fk>c t Street, E.c.-I-. J>r/ct' 0s. 6d. "d . .\ third c hart " 'C' hm'e rcceiu.'d fr0111 this pllhlishinn house deals with the circulation of the blood, nnd is accon~~ pani d by an e'l:planatorv handhook editecl h\' Profe' "or , ., II. : ' I [ o t t r a m , · . The chart is a heautiful reproducti(li1 (If the trunk and upper part of the bod\', and shows clearl\' t hl' Ilow and ebh of the hlood mo,'ements. The diagmm· is in co lolll- ilnd measures 26 ins. x 37 in . and i I1lounlL'd (In cloth with roller. The handbook is clearl: \\[iHen and contains Ii\\., illustrations, g-iving ful l particulars nf the paths and functions of the blood in the human hody. For instructors and l;eneral cia se~ thi . . chart slwuld pnwe a great ad\'antage and ,,' e do not hcsitalL' to r~'n1111mend it to our renders. .\n explanatory and illustrateu palllphk twill hl' fl1rwarded La any reader \\'ho applies to th.: Publislwrs 111ent ioning this Journal.

INVESTMENT

Home Service Ambulance Committee. TIlE fourteenth annual rcp~)rt of the ahoH' is a record ~1f g-O?~ work d,one by member . . of the OrdL'r ~lt "l. J\)hn and British Red Cross oeieh. Each succeeding- q~arter shows an ill, re.\ . . l' in thl' number of cn es carried, and durin~' the lluarter cndino December 31st, 1932, the total" a-; .)2,323, Thi . . bring-s th~ t?tal for the yc:ar to 117,153, the number of paticnts liuried S111.::e the erncl' was et up is now 1,1 '6, -H , . During- the past yeer three new stations ha,e been equipped, nnd se,('nteen cars have been replaced by new 01- reconditioned ones, These figure ' continue to sho\\" that till' \\"ork accompli hed j ustifies the hea,)" expenditure incurred in crc<1tin" and I11aintainin~' the Sen ice. ,.., The carrying of patients i not the only sphere in amhulance work in which the en'ice is irterestcd. The :'IIohil X-ray Cnil has proved a great success and <Tained the approval of the medical prof~ssion. .\ n~\\" en'~c recentl\setup is the orga ni sation of a private motor car en ice fo·r the transport of patients, who are not strict I\' ambu lancc cases, to a nd frolll hospitals and institution,> (or Deriodical treatment. . Aec?rdino-. to the tab le contained in the report, ])e, onshlr~, With their 22 ambulances, sti ll head the li st, ha, ing carned a total numher of ca e of 23-1-,75X Lanca hire \\', are second with 206,570.

11l/~l"Ior of 20

THE

b.p. A1lJ bulance eqllipped wi!h SIar·till 's Single Sireicher gear,

AUSTIN

TWENTY

H.P.

AMBULANCE

Three questions have to be answered before deciding on an ambulance. Is it exactly adapted in every detail to its special work? Is it so dependable that breakdown is practically impossible? Will it serve you over a long period of years? In brief--is it a sound investment? . . . An Austin ambulance satisfies all these requirements because long specialised experience of ambulance design is embodied in all its features. To mention but a few, its supple suspension system, its vibrationless engine, its unusually complete and officially approved interior equipment, its special draught-free ventilation, and its ease of cleaning. Because, secondly, the keystone of Austin reputation for a quarter of a century has been absolute dependability. And because the Austin ambulance is built expressly for many years of service. That is why so many famous hospitals and government departments have invested in the Austin. Write for full particulars, and mention any special interior fittings you may require.

LUXE

£ 690

(Chassis

only, £375)

hop. fOllr-cylinder Ambllian ce, .c.; I 5" Chmsis ollLy, £ 185. 20 h.p , six-cylil1der Special Ambll~allce f01' tOU'Il lISe. ~73 5, 20 hop )ix-c)llJIder Ambulal/ce, I. Alldre-u: Iype, .£680, 16 h.p. six-cylinder Ambulanc:, £-150; ChaSSIS Oll/y, £;no. (PrICes at works.) J2

AUSTI

-------. --. -----SPECIFICATION: GENERAL ~'{7hee/base 11 flo 10 illS, Six-cyli/Jde'r e71g;,ze wilh eight bear. illg cranksbafl, CoiL igllitioll. 15 ga Lloll pelroL !allk. Semi· elliplic alJd z inc-inler/eal'ed sp rillgillg haciIJg Si/en!bloc nOIl- lllblicaled shackles, ExceplionaLly long rear sprillgs, Hydralllic shock nbsorbels froJlI a/Jd I "<!tn',

Will ecretaries in charge of a ny OPEN Competitions in or n ~ar L ondon , or in t.he South of En g la nd, plea e send particulars to the Editor of th is Jouma\. A cata logue of :'Iledica l, 1 ursing- and Scientific books has been rece.ived fr0111 .I essrs . E. ancl S, Livin g-sto ne', 16 n nd 17, T evLOt -pl acc, Ed1l1burg-h, wh o will he pleased 10 for\V~rd a copy to any of our readers. Applicants s hould mention FII{ST All) ",hell \\'ri(in~-.

THE AUSTIN MOTOR CO. L.TD., BIRMINGHAM.

SHOWROOMS: 479-483, OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.1

FIR S T

272

A I D.

April, 1933.

FIR S T

A p ril, 1933.

273

A I D.

- - -- ----

~ueries

and J\nswers eot'respondents.

not t u rn t he pat ie nt over. Unfortunately, th ree m e mbers of t hi team were assumed to have to uc hed t he li ve ra il and one member on ly \Va left Lo deal with t he case. He wa perm itted the u e of a bysta nder, whom (bc inf,' unqualified) he had to in t r uct, and he wa high ly commended for the way in which he calmly carried on w ith the job after his team-members had been ordered off'. He carried out the treatment of the fractures plendidl), and duly attended to hock and to the comfort of patient, but did not apply artificial re piration. I am wondering whether or not this man really did betler for his patient than those team ' which risked complicating the fracture by turning the patient over. No team appeared to ha\'e read the appendix to the Textbook concerning Si lve ter's Method. I should be glad of the favour of your comments.

Queries will b e dealt with under tbe followin g ru les : I. -Letters containi ng Que ries must be ma rked on the to p left band corn er of t be envelope "Query ," and addre ss ed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon- street, London, E . C . 4. 2. - All Quer ies must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon " cu t from the cu rrent issue ot the J (\umal, or, in case of Q ueries from ab road, from a recent issue. - T he Te xtbo ok, to wh ich referen ce may be made in t r i~ column is the 38th (1928) E dition of S.J. A . A . Man ual of First A id .

CmlPRESSION OF AXILLARY ARTERY. S. P. (Bolton) . -Please tell rne how I should carry out the instructions of the Textbook with reference to Compression of Axillary Artery, which I never seem able to control to my satisfaction. Your help will be much appreciated by a junior student. Probably you ha\'e failed because you used a lar~e and soft pad such as one made for a triangular bandage. If, ho\yeyer, you take a billiard ball which is hard, small and round and slip this \\'ell up into the armpit, you " ' ill obtain immediate success in compressing the arter),. If you do not possess a billiard ball, then take your briar pipe, insert its bowl in the armpit with open mouth downwards and stem forwards, and you will be equally successful. The Textbook instructions would be i11lpro\'ed if Rule 1 on p. 105 read" Take a hard pad (the size, hape and consistency of a billiard ball) . "-N. CORBET FLETCIlER.

Your statement of fact ugge ting the hopele sne s of Artincial Respiration for EI ctric ho k cannot be b lieved because it is diametrically oppo ed to the generally accepted instructions to persevere with artificial respiration in the e cases for four hours. Further, 1 que tion the fairne of comparing cases in which indi\'iduals are accidcnLlyovercome b) contact with electricity with tho e in which criminal. are electrocuted. Personally, I should not like to allow an electrocuted per on to pass out without an\ elTort at rcsu,>citation on my part. The instruction of the Textbook are that artificial re pi ration is to be commenced at one in all case of insensibility due to electric shock; and con'iequently the team, which in a Brigade Competition neglected this step in treatment, hould have 10 t mark~ hea\·ily. Furth r, the Appendices are outside the body of the Textbook and for this reason are not available for competilion tc-.l'i. N.C.F.

l.:SES

r. EXA;\II rATION Howuw. D.S. (Eas t London).- l n a recent examination 1 asked a candidate \\·hat he would suspect jf a young- woman wa found unconscious and with stained lips. I was amused when he replied :- " LiP shck." Good!

Next, please! ! - T. C. F.

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION FOR ELECTRIC SI-IOCK. M. R . (Bristol). - I have been informed by a local medi,'a practitioner that the treatment of Electric Shock by Artificial Respiration is no longer carried out in Amprica, where post-mortem examination ot electrocuted criminals has proved that death was brought about by interference with the heart's action, and that the heart, instead of beating, is reduced to a palpitating mass and the breathing is the last function to be affected. By the time breathing has c~ased, hopes of resuscitation are nil. I have been considering, in the light of above, a local Brigade Com petition, where all the teams, with one exception, removed the patient fr om contact with a live rail and then turned him face downwards to adopt St. J obn Prone Pressure Method of artificial respiration. The patient, in addition to the electric shock, was suffering from Simple Fractures of Tibia and Fibula. The fractures were treated by the majority of the teams (including the winning team) by the usual application of splints and bandages whilst the patient was in the prone position. The only exception to this was the team which did

ESTABLISHED

H. K. LEWIS & CO. Ltd.,

1876

Palpitation si~nilles "the irregular or \ iolcnt at tion of the heart," and is caused by excitement, exces~i\ 'e exertion or disea e. During an attack the administration of ,' al Volatile may gi\'e relief; hut thc Texthook do '> not encourage experiments. First aiders, howe\'er, tend to re ort to al Volatile far too freely and frequently, and ometimes forget to carry out fiest the Principles of First A.id, especially removal of cause, recumbent position, loosening of cloLl/es, and application of blanket or rug, and so on. Also, you must rcmenlber that stimu lation is apt to be followed by depre sion. .C.F.

PREPARATION OF COi\IPETITION TE TS. R .P. (Nottingham).-Your article published in the l arch issue of FIRST AID under the above title was most interesting. The preparation of tests is evidently a much b igger task than most of us realised , but I shoul d l ike to add that, in my opinion, th e most u sef u l part of team competitions lies in the remarks of tbe ju dge after the distrib u tion of awards. I t seems a hardship, however, when a team loses marks for omitting to do something- abo u t which it members know nothing- . The remarks of a j u dge after a com petition may be u sefu l or ot herwise. Us ually the j ud ge is t ired an d me r ely elaborates on some strik ing errors. Conseq uently they ca nnot be as valu ab le as the properl y d etailed marking sheet

Large Stock of Books on FIRST AID, NURSING , and all Branches of Medicine and A lIied Sciences.

(APPO I NTE D ROLLS RO YCE AGENT S)

Text Books and all the latest works obtainable without delay.

AMBULANCE BUILDERS

ANATOMICAL MODELS, DIAGRAMS and W ALL CHARTS suitable for Lectures.

RE ~ CO N D I TIONED

SECOND . . HAN D R 0 L L S ~ ROY C E, AUSTINS, ARMSTRONG . . SI D DE LEYS an d DA 1M LER CHASSIS ALWAYS IN STOCK

LANTERN SLIDES. WARWICK & TUNSTALL' S FIRST AID SERIES (in Stock). Particulars of the above or of COLLIE & WIGHTMAN ' S SERlES forwarded on application.

HORTON STREET

HALIFAX 'PHONES

LONDON:

H. K. LEWIS & Co. Ltd., 136, COWER ST., W.C.1.

4231-i

OF S \1. VOLATlI.E.

(Stoke-on-Trent). Recent.l)' we discussed the u~cs of Sal Volatile and one of us recommended it for palpitation. As other,> d i agre d, we ask ) ou \() g-i \ L' 11 you r opinion, plea e.

MEDICAL PUBLISHERS AND BOOKSELLERS.

WOODALL NICHOLSON LTD.

1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111lil i e

Telephone-MusEuM 7756 (3 lines) .

a ~te~s l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l il 1 1 1 1 1 1

I INVALID

FUR.NITUR.E

Sectional Ca talogue 7A , wh ich is (ree for the as k in g, descri bes th is P a ten t Stretc her Eleva tin g Gear, wh ic h is a triu mp h in com p actness and sci entific design, a nd the whole r ange of Ambulance FurDlture and F itti n g s.

W hatever the Chassis use Carters' Ambulance Fittings.

By Appointment.

WRITE FOR I T .

T h e most up - tO - date and scientific_in the world.

THE NEW "PORTLAND" GEAR Th.is new patent Ambu lance Gear offers many untq~e advantages whether the Ambu lance is car rying two stretche r cases o r on ly a s inO'le case. A se l f-c~ntained un it, it can be p laced i ~ almost any vehicle, and it m akes the load i nO' of ei t her b top o r botto m the s im plest poss ible m atte r. 'The " P ORTLAN D " Gear s houl d be s p ecified fo r an y new A mbul a nce a nd it 125, 127, 129. G reat Portland Street, provides a n idea l m e th od of modLondon, W.I. e rnis in g ve hi cles Telephone-Langham 1040, a lready in use Tdegrams- "Bathchalr, W esdo, London. "

•

'" l' Th IS Illustra tIOn sho ws the cle ar ga ngway (or lo ading the lower stretche r when only one case is bein g carded.

11,1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111 11111111111111 11111111111111 111 1111111 11111111 11 1111111111111 11111 1111 111111111111111 1111111111 111 11 111""1111111111 1'"11" ' 111" """ 111

FIR S T

~74

\\' hich he kayc" Iwhiml an d which l'~) l11peLi to r s can st lld y afterwards at their Ici s ure. I fear thatl do not und erstand) our secJn d point ht:GlU C a properly d etail ed marking sheet is based . trictlyon the Texthook. - r.c.F.

;\lETllODS 1F . \ RTIFICL \ L R ESPIR.\TIl)1\".

G B. (\Villin gLon). There has been some co ntro\' r y in o ur Ambulance Class with regards La the S t. J ohn a nd S chafer M ethods of Artificial R espiratio n. Could you, please, explain anya d vantag'e of the St. J ohn l ethod?

April, 1933.

A I D.

MANU ALS OF FIRST-AID, &c.,

By N. CORBEl fLEICHER, .,B., B.C" B.A..(Cutab" •• R.C ~

and a lso if any u sef ul purpose is serve d by app lying hot wat e r hOllk's t() the feel wh e n th e I()\\'C I' lilllh:-. arc sL) ha ndag ed .

AIDa

- - --

fetters

HOCI-:: FRO;'.! ASDOi\I1N.-\L INJLTRY.

Lowering the head hetween the knees is good treatment for mild ca es of Syncope, because it facilitates the return of blood to the brain. It is useless for cases of abdominal injuries which you describe; \\'ith these the condition is one of Shock consequent on irritation of the ympathetic r\ervcus ystem, and you sho uld t reat as laid down on pp. 162 and 163 of the Textbook by placing patient recumbent on ground and so (In. - \! C. F.

ACTION

IODINE.

W.]. (Chirl;;:. Bank). - .\t our Diyisional Practice the other day discussion arose as to whether I odine, when applied to a wound, increases or decreases the bleeding therefrom . Opinions being equally divided, we invite your kind decision. Iodine is chiefly used for its disinfectant and irritant properties. If the ordinary weak sol u tion of the Textbook has any action on bleeding it is towards checking it. Th e strong solution of Iodine definitely does so. - N.C.F.

INJURY

TO FEMORAL ARTERY.

W.]. (Chirk Bank).-At o ur Divisional Practice lasl week discussion arose about a case in which a fracture of femur was complicated hy injury to the femoral a rtery, hilt without any external wound. Please te ll us (1) what becomes of t h e arterial blood, and (2) what signs an d symptoms would he present. \N e await your answer and thank you for past assistance. It is difficult to forete ll exactly what would hapren. Probably the result would be the rapid formation of a la rge, tense blood tumour (otherw ise known as Tramat ic Aneu rism) which would press on the opening in the torn artery and a<>t in the same way as digital pressure. The signs and symptoms, therefore, would be those of Shock du e to the fracture and to moderately severe h~morrhaRe. - N. C. F.

BANDAGING LIMBS

FOR COU.APSR.

J . R. ( R othwell H a igh).-P lease tell me t h e exact reason for bandaging limbs firmly for Coll apse (Textbook p. 122),

.8.

Post free,

~d .

AIDa

DRUM

E;ditor.

0[.'

STREET

l\1ay I respectfully take thi opportunity, as a membl'r of a police forcc, of defending one of the 1110. t honourable bodies of public ervants in this country again tome who resent its authority in street accidents? The correspondent who signs himself "Ef1icienc), First" in the]anuary issue of FIRST AID, does not credit" R obert" with the quality (If which he is noted , viz. Efl1ciency. Fir t Ai d in thi ca<;e i.., the knowledge that he is accused of la king in. I s ho uld say that the res ident and \'iitors to thc city ()f which o ur correspo nd ent be long, ar \'ery fortunate Lo haH' in I heir midst one so capab le that he is ahle to see such impro\'e1l1~nt necessary wilh his protectors. It would appear that he h as h<l.d <l.n opportun ity to gain inside knowledge of the abi lity of t he police of his city, <l.t least he say " h experie nce." H e I1lU t be a lways on the spot to see s uch inerficiency. 1 take it that as eflicient fi rst aider h e renders a ll the assistance he ca n, a nd I a m s ure" Rober t " do es n ot object, because that wou ld relieve him of th' m a n y duti es atte ndin g- an acc ide nt. 1 am afraid it wou ld b e very unfortunate for a n injured person it the constable had t~ wait for suc h eflicienc), to come to hi s ai d . I cou ld gi \'e many in s ta n ces of professed e lli ciency, from the poli ce con<; tabl e's point of view, too. "WII.LING TO LEARN ."

When corresponding with advertisers :r.ention "FIRST AlD ."

kindly

FIRaT-AID. ~d.

1!tlitary 1I1usicaL I nstrument ,l/al.:ers,

Brrors III Flrst·Ald Dotalled aDd Bxplaillod.

POTTER

CO,

OOMMON

ERRORS IN u. net: post 2d.

FIRST-AID.

, 7M, OOtJM gifJlI G d,G"'" i1lsigllt i1lt() tM ""t""tis a1ld difj'teilltill tJ) ,"""g,1I" lro'Gt",'1It by la~"",. thG1I tM ()t/iciGI T,xloo()R itSl/f."-LANCET.

AMBULANOE

W.C.2.

Latest Pattern Ambulance Uniforms a Speciality. Send fo.. Pl'lee List and Pattel'ns to-

5,10,11,Olerke.nwell Oreen, LONDON, E.O.l.

OOMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcher, Individual and Question- Six Folders). Price 6d. each net, post, lid Each Folder contains special article on Competitions :-No. I, Training 01 Com · petition Teams j No.2, Condnct of Team in Competition Room j NO. 3, CommoD Errors In Competition j NO.4, Further Errors In Treatment j NO.5 , History of Competition Tests j No.6, Preparation of Tests.

WHY

AND

WHEREFORE

FIRaT-AID.

Fifth Edition.

Price II. 2d •• post free. DllllcaltlOl II Stady allCl 'Ire.tmeat lolnd by QuestiOIl aid Auwer. IC W, CO",,,,,1Iti thi,/;()oll to L,ctll",rol G1Id StlltU1Itl wA" will j£1Iti it o/p'",t """,U,. "-FIRST AID.

HINTa

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLIEa.

Post frl'!e, lid.

Ordorly Datles Simplified au ~ Tabulatod, wltll A!dl to .emory. A ".(", compGcf "rooc!...", . . co,.ttsi,., ",lIeh tlulwl i,.fo.--tsU" .. "- PI<RSCRtBBR

FIR.T AID.

Illustrated by SO diagrams In Colours with Explanatorv Letterpress. By Sir JAMES CANTLIE, K.B.E., LL.D., M .A., M.B . C.M ., F.R .C.S. , D.P.H .R . C.P. 7id. net; post free.

UNIFORM CLOTHING &EQUIPMENT, CO., Ltd,

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES. Mounted on Ca nvas, Roller top and bottom. 258 . net each. P ost, IS. Human Skeleton, front view. 2. Mnscles , front view. 3. Human Skeleton back view 04. Muscles, back view. 5. The Heart and principal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (B). 8. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (D). roo The Nervous System. II. Schematic diagram of Circulation 12. The Human Ear. 13 The Human Eye. 104. Median Section through Skin %5. Median Section tbrough Head. I.

T elephone : Clerkenwell 6682.

Telegrams: Uolqu!p, LondoD .

ASEPTO BANDACE COMPANY, 46, OANNON STREET, LONDON, E.0.4.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. Male, 80ll. net.

Female, 808. net.

\Vi th Foetus, 858. net.

Carriage 21.

A book that Is selling by the hundl'ed .

ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES.

Before purchasing your supplies of

.\C IDENTS.

.1.

,.,G</ btl Gil

., WitlltJllt dOIl"1 1M otJo;' will b, 0) gro'GI IInJiCl 111 1M troG/1Ii"g 0/1"""/0" wllom it il tUlig1l'a. "-BRITISH MEDICAL JOUllNAL.

IEIT AID CHEAPEIT HOUlE III THE TRADE.

SIR,

Post free,

Uniforms & Equipment.

DEAR SIR, I \Va \'ery interested to read gt. Kenncd)'s letter in last month's issue of FIRST AlD. It appears, howc\cr, that the same rules do not app ly in a ll Di tricts. I am the Onicer in chargeof a 'adet Di\iinn, but only a Private in the enior Diyi ion. \\'h en on dut, with adet~" I wear Officer's uniform, and when on public d'uty I have to wear Private's uniform. You will rlppreciatc thl! Ull ati,,factory position, as one week I am on dULy in Oflicer' uniform and the next week in the . al1ll! ui-.t r ict J ha\'e to \Year Private's uniform. From gt. K ennedy's IcUcr I pre<;u nw that adet Of1icers in his district a lways \Ycar Oflicer's uniform \\ hen on duty . If this i. correct I cOlbider that the samc rules should apply in other District. I "hould be pleased to haH~ tlH.' \ ic\\'''' tlf t)ther Calkt Ofllcer. wl10 are in the same position ;\s I am. - Your-. faithfu ll y, " 'ADET 01· FICER." CHARGE

,/lItU1II,. "-L. A: N.W. Rv. GAZBTTB.

( Broken ) Post flesh hoop. 1 post free Ready lapped head re tu rn ed J. I & / same cay as received. 5 /7 -

LONDON,

OFFICER

.1. :lid .. post free.

Probl ••• II Btady, ,,.atmelt and Bnmillatiol .olnd I.r lellior IUaduM

We are in no way responsible for the opinions expressed, or the

CADET

Price

EFFIOIENOY

HEADS

; 6/8, West Street, Charing Cross Road,

statements made, by Correspondents.- EDITOR.

HOME-NURaINQ.

Re\·ised.

• Till, o~o;, m01ltUrojllll" ,j"'plij£II G co",p/,x 'lIoi,el G1Id '''''lIld b,

TUTOR and Calls revised 1933 - 6d.

. ---

the

Third Edition .

H.me,"arsIDg Ilmpllfled aDd 'abalated, wltll Aldl t. aemlry.

HENRY

for a s udd en blow in the lower abdomen in the reg-ion of the pcl\'is, such as is often experienced when playingfootball o r cricket. 1 haye seen St. ] ohn men bending the patient'S head between his legs, and am anxious to know if this treatment i correct. Y our anS\\'er will greatly h elp a young probalioner.

FIRaT-AID.

Col. Si,. It.,,,u Cal/tLu: C".triOlltu ,.,. i1lt,.odIlCtio1l G1Id w, ,"do,.u hls r~Od oPi1lio1l 0/ tMoooM. "-LANCllT .

Th e limb s arc bandaged firmly fro m be low upwa rd s to c ut ofT the circulat ion of blood in the limbs \\'h preby the \\'or k of the h l.'art i, lessened and more blood is a\'a ilabl e for the brain. It is a common e rror to COl11lllcnce bandaging at a nkl e and wrist in~tead of at tips of t(le:-. and fin<rers :-. If' the circu la Lion of I L) ", cr limbs i::, more \)r k s'i cuL off, the u sef uln ess of hot wale r bottles a ppli ed to feet is correspon dingl y dimini s h ed.- T. C. F.

I cannot because I d o not know_any.- T. C. F .

\V . ~L (Neath). - P lease adyise me as to the best treatment

Seventh Edition.

Plrat.Ald BimDllfloli aDd 'Iabulatod, wltb Aldl to .o.ory,

SURGICAL DRESSINGS, FIRST AID APPLIANCES, BANDAGES, etc., Ask us for a

quotation-

YOU WILL SAVE MONEY.

Best

Quality - Quick Delivery Lowest Prices. Sole Agents for the we II-known

ASEPTO

Tbeir Signs, Symptoms and" First Aid" Treatment ~ An Ideal Memorizer Quick Reference. By A. T. GOODI NG. With Preface hy W'LLIAM L OCK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN NICOLSOr-:, M.A., l\I.B., Cb.B.GIas. II. 2d . net post free.

FIR.T AID

CA~VBLL.

M.~.C .•. Bnl·

Iii FEW WORD ••

(2ooth thousand) Revised. Strong paptr. 2d. P ost ,d. HOME .. URBI .. I .. FEW WORD •• (56th thonsand). R evised With useful reference tables. 14 pp. Strong paper, ~d. Post Id. With' Coloured Diagram~.

I2Pp.

Clotb,6d.

BANDASINO

DIASRA ....

12 Pp.-72 bandaging diagrams, with notes.

HEALTH IN fl.~C.S.

FEW WORD..

20th Thousand.

Strong paper. :ad .

ny Sir ~.

Post 1d.

D.P. tt P ostfree Jd. net.

It. flIRTH.

Paperfo l der3i n.and4i ~.

HOWA~D M . P~B8TO~. D,mo1lst"Gtoro 10 tA, PlJlyl,,",.;c . Price net j postage, ,d Its Application Accurately Described by Words and llO Diagrams. THE ROLLER BAN DASE. Price net; postage, "d. lis Application Accuratelv Described by Words and 102 Diagrams.

THE TRIANGULAR BA .. DASE:

.8.

FIR.T-AID A .. ATOMIGAL DIAIIRA • • . 13(r to lund 104) on R oll

No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs I / ~ THE GOMPLETE .ANIKIN. Price 28. net ; postage 4d Systems of Body accurately indexed. I nvaluable to Students of Anatomy Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects.

P ost free, J' . 9d. net.

THE WHOLE 15,

TnBK:LA

ART OF .A .. DA.I ....

nOW.B~.

Illustrated.

Post free, II. 'd.

POGKET FIRST AID .ERIE ••

INSTANTANEOUS BANDACE.

ny Col. ~. J. BLACKHAM. c.n •• C.M.a •• C.I.B .. D.lI.O .. M.1l (x) Poisoning, (2) H.emorrhag'e, (1) Insensibility, (04) Aspbyxla (Suspended Brellta Ing), (s) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, (6) Wounds, Bites, Burns Scald! Ruptnre and Minor Injuries. The Series contains all the essentials of F'lrst Aid Printed on lIuen·lined cards, 31 10. X 5! iD. Third Edition. 6d. ne nch postage 2d extra.

THE PERFECT STERILISED DRESSING.

AIDW TO MEMORY FOR FIRST AID STUDENT. AND NURRES VB~NON NAWTON. M Jl C • . (B"I') 9d. net. Pest

SAVES TIME WHEN

SECONDS

COUNT.

JOHN

B~LE,

SONS

D4NIEL8S0N.

83-91, Great Tltchfleld Stl'eet London

Ltd.

W .1.

Hobson8rSons

J. Aa WYLIE & CO ••

Manufacturers of Unijorms, Headdresses, Accoutrements for

MEDALS,

(London) Ltd.),

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

BADGES

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. SPECIAL OFFER of All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed TROU5ERS-

AND

TROPHIES

No. 467.-VoL. XX.XIX .

FIRST AID II

AMBULANCE

AND

Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

80CIETIEIl.

O"igina! D~signJ and Quotafron!> posl

,,.u.

Wholesale Prics8 to all "FIRST AID" SOCIETIES. Contractors to

H.M . MiDiltry of Munitions. Russian Government. &c.

ADDRESS-

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I. Phone-Hop 0680 & 7065.

London Showroom -

6?,

North of England Office: 22, YORK PLACE, LEEDS.

HOLBORN

VIADUCT,

NOTICE

CORP.

No. 77Bronze, 3/-; Sliver, 4/6 j Silver, Oold Centre, 6/9·

LIMITED QUANTITY ONLY.

E.C.

EQUIPMENT.

.. STERAID '(Regd. ) senes at absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric LinLs an original departure in packing Surgica.l Dressings. The dressings are placed in this PaLent Container, which, bv a simple rotativn, uncovers only the quantity of gauze or lint required; alter cutting this off, rotale the Contai ner in the opposire direction a(,d the remaining contents are completelv protected from ex· posure and retain their natural aseptic condi tion. (Awarded the Certificate 0/ the Institute 0/ Hygiene . ) All Dressings are of GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE. "SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle (or receiving soiled dressings. sanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing In any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring, without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. •• ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST·AID and SURGICAL EQUIP. MENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Re'~uirements. SEND FOR PRICB LISTS:-

~OBE~T BAILEY & SON, Ltd. MARRIOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT ard at 137. Sentinel Home. Southampton Row. London.

w.e.1.

READERS.

Entered at ] [ 'itatio ners' Hall

PRICE THI{EEPENCE [3/6 PER AN~UM, POST PRE F

EDITORIAL.

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. The .-\nnual ulhcriptlUn is 3s. 6d. po~t free; single copies 3d. Its aim and object being- the a.dvancement of Amhulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send .-\rucles and I{eports on suhjects pertaining to the ;\fo\'emenl and also \\:elcomes .uggestions for Pra ~lical Papers. All Rep ') rts, &c., should be :vldre,,,ed to the Editor at Ihe ,1Ild ress helow, and ~hnuld re 1.ch him befr)re the J 2th of each month and mus e be acc Implnied (llot llr!c~rsa"1 'JI lilY publication) by th~ nlme and addre,s of the Cnrre-;pmclent. Sub"cription s, .-\c1- ertisemenl~ ar.cl other business C,)mmuniCalions c, nnecteo with fII'ST AID -houlo he f, r\\arrled to the Puhlishers, f):\LE . I, E\':,01.I)S _\;. Cf), LTD., 4'1, C,\:\"\o . STRF. T, Ln. i 0);, E C.4. fdtl[ral'hic Adl'fS< "TW(lI t l 1"1t1', /Olltirlll.'· 7de/,hollf-Cen!ru l 1';21.

Telepbone - o~o Cltolo/.

CONT' :NT5

SURCICAL

:\IAY, 1933.

8uitable 'or

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL.

Privates-13/9 per pair.

AID

Who I ••alII Ma#Cllrs of

HUR SES!

ORDER YOUR COpy NOW!!

New Second Edition. Just Published, March, 1933· 37 0 Pages with ~ I Illustrations. Price 3/- net. Postage 2d. Attractively bound in flexlble rexine cover ' ,

ANEW DICTIONARY FOR NURSES Compiled by LOIS OAKES, S.R.N., D _T. (Land . &. Leeds). Sister Tutor at Stanley [lospitd.l, Brownlow Bill Infirmaty , and Walton llospital, Liverpool, etc .• etc. SUJllmary 0/ tiu: Contents:-Abbreviation of Degrees, Diplomas, etc.-Abbreviation of ~redical Terms-Colllpansion of Thermo· metric Scales - y..' eights and :\f easures, etc. - Dictionary of Medical Terms, etc, Method of Using Kata·ThermometerSynonyms of Disease -Methods of Calcula ing Dosage and 'olutions-Interesting and Historical «'acts-Glalshe r's TableDietary Tables-Physiologi cal Standards. Containing numerous ORIGINAL Features. NEW SECOND EDITION. Just Published, February, 1933·

"HYGIENE

FOR

NURSES"

By JOHN GUY, M.D .. D.P.H., F.R.C.P.(Edin. ), Medical Officer of Health, City of Edinburgh, Examiner in Hygiene to the General Nursing Council of Scotland ; and O. J. I. LlNKLATER, M. D" D. P.Il., M. R.C. P. (Edin), Examiner to the General Nur sing Council of Scotland. Second Edition; Crown 8vo. ?24 pp. 22 Illustrations. Price 5/- net. Postage Sd. A Note to Nurses. - This book will provide you with an adequate knowledge of Hygiene in both an interesting and practical form and will prove invaluable both for everyday practice and for e'lamination purposfs. The new edition has been most carefully Jevised and brought completely up to date. _ _ __ Prospectuses post free on applica_tio_n_._ _ __

Pttblislted by

E. & S. LlVINGSTONE, 16 & 17, Teviot Place, Edinburgh.

Prinl-ed and t'ublisheu ~y DALE, REYNOLDS & CO" Ltd., 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4, to whom all communications should be . addressed. 7 elegrams- -" Twenty-jour, london." Telephone - Central I 4.!I. To be bad of aU News~~ents. Booksellers and Book~talls IQ the fTuitp.d Kin(!do m and at all Railway Bookstalls of Messrs. W. H Smlth and SODS

fHIS

'UlnBER.

EDfTORI.\L. \l1lhulancL' I~,)tlnd.lric ... <;t. Jt)hn \ll1hul al1c,' \"'''',)ci Ition ~l)ll1l' ~"LJlIt I.., ll) .\1 cid·:n l ... Pl)i'il)11 (1,1.., \lanu,t1 l)f ()t ill, 11(\ C,ullpin;.:-, :.J ..\.I1. S.J ..\. Brig-aJL Di~tri( RL'JllHh Colliel\ 'l'\\'S Police :\ll1huial1ce :\ews '.J .. \. B. O\L!r!->l'a ... rhc JIt)spil,dlL'l"s' Club Railway :\mhulance :\l''' The Royal Life _ <l\'int: Sl1Ci~,ty RI.!\ ie\\ s .. C()l11relilions fn)1ll ,t Cl1I1lpl"litnJ"''i ['t)inl uj Yil'\\' Letters lo the Edit,)r ... . ..

Our Nurse.,' Page:-, Red russ:\ l'\\"o.; The Preparalit)11 of Competition Tl'sts QUERIES AND

A S\\'ERS TO CORREsrO:\,[)FNTS-

Calcium Carbide in E\l~ Examination Howler Quantit) of Blood in Body i\lethods of .\rtificial ReSI;iration C'ses of Roller Rtndagl's ... Definition of Contused Y\'oul1ds Humours of First .\id Treatmenl of .\sphyxia wilh l~i~eding ::: Diagl10si of Fractured Spine.. . .. Concealed Bleeding \\ ilh l'raclured "\1'111 Detailed l\larking 'Sheet ~o. 37 'Vound of Elbow and Fractured .\r111 Humours of First Aid Causes of Epilepsey and COI1l~~" Fractures of Skull and Ferlllur l\l cohol wilh Venomous Snake Bile Leo-al Query

300 300 300 300 300 300 300 302 302 302 302 302 302 302 302 303 303

ONCE again the vexed question of whether an amhulance of one BOlJ:-..rD .\.J{IES. district should attend an accident which, on arrival, is found to be outside the district boundary, has been raised during the passed few months. Our readers need no introduction to the serious situations which have arisen on many occasions when, on the arrival of the am bulanc; it is pointed out that "the patient is not in ou; parish boundaries and, therefore, we can not take him away." This is a most serious question and one 'w hich should, or rather must, be settled at Ollce . \Vhen an accident occurs, what happens? A passer-by, as a rule, immediately looks for a telephone and rings up for the ambulance. Does he hesitate and say to himself "[\ow, I wonder which district this road is in?" :-Jo, of course not. His main object is to obtain assistance so that the injured person may be hurried to hospital where medical assistance can be found to set the broken limb t attend to wounds or other injuries from which the unfortunate person may be sufferi'lg. Unfortunately, the authorities concerned do not take into consideration the injured person. They are concerned only with their immediate district, and outside that anything may happen. Admitted, they have to bear in mind the cost of the transport of cases which falls, in most cases, upon the ratepayer, but, if some districts can cooperate to the benefit of all, it is not askin too much for others to follow their example. 1:> The attendants on the ambulances are in no ;~ay to blame for the non-acceptance of cases. I hey have to abide by orders or take the consequencies. It is upon the local authorities that the responsibility rests, and to whom we look for an early and satisfactory conclusion to this question. A:.\IRVLAXCE

FIRST

278

St. John J\mbulance J\ssociation. PLY1\lOUTH.-According to the annual report, during the t,Yelve months ended September 30th, 1932, the Plymouth and District Ambulance Service of the S.J.A.A., has known no respite, but rather an increase in the demands on its many-sided activitie . The Service has lost, through death, three excellent workers, namely, Mr. John H. Beckly, J. P., Chairman and Bene£3.ctor of the Service; Capt. VV. T. Goss, C. C.; and Transport Officer Albert Tyler, the first whole-time official. Apart from the Brigade members the qualifications gained during the year numbered 303 and included first aid certificates, vouchers and medallions, home-nursing certificates, hygiene and Merchant . avy certificates. The happy relations which exists between the Service and the Police and Fire Brigades still continues and first aid work with both forces are on the increase. The service calls num bered 24,653 with an approximate mileage of 74,300. Thirteen patients were accompanied on long train journeys. First aid rendered included 2,187 cases reported for dressin O"s, etc., replacements, Central Station casualty room 686 cases, and summer-time aid post at Hoe 264. An appeal for funds is also included in the report. SALFORD.-The annual competition forthe "Sir William Mather" Shield, open to members of The Brotherhood Movement, was held on lay 6th. FiYe teams competed and were placed in the following order: 1, Leigh, 208 marks; 2, Stockport Sunday School, 204 ; 3, Bolton, 195 ; 4, Zion ( lanchester), 174 j 5, Hatherlow, 170. The No. 3 man of Hatherlow received a medal for obtaining the highest number of points in the last team. The prizes were presented by Councillor Crossley who also congratulated the teams on their work:as also did Mr. F. Ellison.

---._.--Some Sequels to Accident s, or, "THE AMBULANCE MAN AS HOME NURSE." FURTHER NOTES FOR FIRST AIDER AND HOME NURSE. By CAPTAIN NORMAN HAMMER, R.A.M.C., M.R.C.S. n.-CONCUSSION AND COMPRESSION OF THE BRAIN AFTER ACCIDENTS. LAST month we discussed Shock and Delz.'rium following accidents; and we saw how much depended on the First Aid and Home Nursing treatment of these cases, quite apart from the highly technical, trained skill of the medical man in charge. Now we have to refer to two other possible sequels of accident, Concussion and Compression of the Brain. In these cases also the lav First A ider and Horne Nurse can do much to h~lp, and these cases again are examples of conditions that overlap from

A I D.

May, 1955.

the subject of First Aid into that of Home Nursing. They are conditions, also, that may arise and need attention in the circumstances we referred to, when, often by reason of mere geography, medical help is not so readily or so frequently available as normally here at home, and much can be done by the St. John trained man or woman, strictly within the limits of his or her training, and with no encroachment on the sphere of the doctor, to save life and restore hedl tho A.-CONCUSSION OF THE BRAIN. The Brain, inside the brain-box or cranium, rests in, and is surrounded by, a water-cushion of cerebro-spinal fluid. This is prolonged downward to surround the spinal cord in the spinal or vertebral canal, and the liquid cerebro-spinal fluid also occupies the spaces between the various parts of the brain. These spaces are called "ventricles of the brain," and many of the im portant "vital centres" of the brain are situated in tho e portions of brain tissue which form their floors. So any accident which causes violence to be applied, directly or indirectly, to the brain-box will do two thzngs at least :(1) It will cause a shaking-up of the brain in its enveloping water cushion of cerebro-spinal fluid. (2) It will set up wave-like or ripple-like disturbances in the cerebro-spinal fluid itself. In both cases the action of the" vital centres" in the brain will be affected, with resultinO' modifications of the action of the vital functions controlled by those centres. This cond ition is called Concusszon of the Brain or Stunning. Concussion may show itself only in a momentary and transient giddiness and mental confusion (" being knocked silly for a minute "), or, in the other extreme, may mean complete and ofteIl prolonged unconsciousness. The symptoms of concussion resemble closely those of shock; and we must expect in some cases of accident that both Concussion and Shock may be present together. It is sometimes difficult for the First Aider to determine which conditiun predominates, but fortunately the First Aid treatment of the two conditions are much alike. THE SYMPTOMS OF CONCUSSION. (1) Unconsciousness, varying from momentary stunning (the transient "losing oneself") to immediate and complete insensibility, usually of the stuporose type. (2) The face is pale. (3) The muscles are uniformly relaxed. (4) The eyelids are closed; on lifting them we see that the pupils are equal, and usually contracted. (5) The pupils react to light, except in the severest cases. (6) The whole body is cold and clammy.

May, 1955

FIRST

(7) The breathing is slow and shallow. (8) The pulse is quick and fluttering. (9) There may be incontinence. These symptoms may gradually pass off or . may persist for hours or days. The First Aid T1eatmentof Concuss-ion is dealt with in the First Aid Textbook, to which I refer my readers. The instructions are definite, concise, and easily understood. But perhaps we may expand a little in our consideration of the next step in treatment as it applies to the lay am bulance man or sister. The Home Nurs'lng Treatment of Concusszon can be summed up as " Pe3ce and quiet-and a lot of it." On arrival home, or wherever he is to be nursed, the patient should be at once put to bed in a quiet room, and wrapped carefully in blanket~. His head should be kept low. It is important that handling during transport and in getting him to bed should be as careful and as smooth as possible; and that after he has been got to bed al I handling and moving of the patient's body

The peciall) des igned" Austin" Invalid

A I D.

279

10 to 14 days, even though he may feel quite fit; otherwise all sorts of minor, or even major, mental troubles may follow concussion, often after a reasonably long interval. Such troubles may be merely dullness or difficulty in concentrating, or may be such graver sequels as loss of memory, a special type of deafness, or even mental instability. " Shakiness" of body may be associated with nervous fears or obsessions, or a feeling of timidity and lack of confidence in facing the world and its problems. This condition we call Neurasthenia. The likelihood of any of these troubles following concussion is minimised by prolonged rest in bed even if the pat£ent feels qude we"" Don't torget the warning reference 10 the Textbook to the fussy, tactless, or noisy nurse. In addition to the rest, the absence of worry and annoyance is essential to the patient's full recovery of mental health. One of the primary objects of First Aid is to "prevent further injury." Here we have a First Aid principle applied to a Home Nursing case. The Home Nurse can give

aloon of the Plymouth St. John Ambulance Service.

should be minimised. No attempts should be made to rouse_him by voice, touch or light. The doctor may order a drink of hot tea and a purge if the patient has recovered consciousness, or if not, a " nutrient enema" of hot coffee. In passing, may I express a personal opinion ?-the manreuvre of giving an enema, nutrient or laxative, is not a difficult one. Many Home Nurses fear it, probably because of lack of demonstration and practice; but skill and confidence in this item of Home Nursing are easily acquired, and form a very valuable acquisition. An ice-bag may be ordered. Perfect quiet is essential, and the room should be kept dark. If unconsciousness lasts for a long time, food may have to be given per rectum or by a nasal tube (under medical supervision); or in other cases spoonfeeding may be necessary. The patient will have to stay in bed for from

real First Aid to the patient's poor shaken brain by soothing and persuasive tact, and by doing all possible to prevent the risk of these late results of concussion. THE COURSE OF CONCUSSION. Just as there is a period of react1.0n in the recovery from shock, so there is in the recovery from Concussion. The First Aider as such may not observe this, as in all but the milder forms of concussion, Reaction may be delayed until the case has passed on into the care of the Home Nurse. Unconsciousness may last for a long time: instead of being followed by reaction it may deepen into coma, or may merge into the deeper unconsciousness due to Compression. Reaction is shown by : (1) An -increase of both b1~eatll'lJ7g andpulse

FIR S T

.280

rate (the latter however will then gradually settle down to approximatel y normal). (2) Gradual return to consciousness is evidenced by the patient speakin er , or by his actions showing that he feels cold, and so on-and slowly full consciousness is restored. (3) Again, as in reaction from shock, vomiting may occur, and i a favourable sign.

(To be concluded.)

P oison

Gas.

By CAPT. A. C. \VHITE KNOX, l\f.C., ~I.B . THERE is little doubt that

recently, much thought has been given to the matter of the study of Poison Gas such as "vas used during the last war. The Units of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and the British Red Cross have taken up the study of it, and many members of the Police Force are conversant with methods used to combat it. It may be said that this raking up of the Poison Gas question is in the nature of scaremongering, but it is of little use locking the stable door after the horse has bolted, and there can be no harm in accustoming ourselves to the knowledge of the various Poison Gases and the methods of protecting ourselves and others from them. It is only by such means that ambulance men and women would be able in emergency to help save many lives. I know of nothing which puts greater fear into the hearts of men who know something of its effects, than Poison Gas, and anything which can be done to allay such a fear, should the occasion arise, will be of inestimable value to the Public. I do not propose to enter into a learned discussion of the various types of Poison Gas and the methods of distribution, but simply say that it is acknowledged that a gas such as the well known l\1 ustard Gas of the war, or si milar type, is the one most likely to be used in any mass attack on the civil population. A gas of this type is used on account of the ease with which it can be carried in bombs or tanks and dropped or sprayed from aeroplanes or airships. It is a Pers£stent Gas which attacks all parts of the body, especially skin, eyes, and lungs; and according to its concentration, d isables to a greater or lesser extent. There is little doubt that this gas in large amounts would have a devastating effect on a Public unprepared for it. It soaks into the earth, it clings to buildings, an.:l saturates clothes, and continues its action until dissipated or destroyed. What protection is there against a gas such

A I D.

.\ f ay, 1933.

as this? Special r"'spil'atnrs for individual use j ga proof buildingsl\ hich will house large n u mber of people; and the rell1o\'al of people t p laces unlikely to suffer from attack. But most important of all is the destrLlction of the gas at the earliest pos ible moment after it has be n distributed . Thi , I bel ieye is the secret of safety in an y possib le gas attack and 1cads mc again to impress on a ll readers, the great importance of a working knowledg of this subject. The gas can he destroyed by the use of [r~~h earth, sand, sa\\ dust, bleaching powder green solution, or by thorough \\ashing; and parties thoroughly protectcd themsch es, by protective clothing and respirators, can quickl): dcstroy the gas before it has till1t..: to haye a lapl"c destru tive effect. t-o Theco-0l'cratil)!l of thc Pol ice, St. Joil 11 III hulance Brigadc, British Red ero::.s,..:\ III hulancc ., and Fire Brigades, will fUl'm d po\\crful protccti\"c unit to the general puhlic. A scheme such clS the follo\\ ing, suggests itsclf : 1. Publishing in th~ Pre s simrJc rule~ f r the rendering of hOllses gasproof, and th protection of food and walCr. 2. Thorough training of the units mcntioned in gas techniquc, amI USc of the n:<,pir,ltor. 3. Equiping an I thorou .~· h training o[p cial squads from these units, for the destrllction ")[ the gas " ' hen distributed. thesc to be called thc Decon~aminatioll Squads, and to be the shock troops aga1l1st gas attack. +. A knowledge of huildings suitable for conversion for collectiye protection of large n um bcrs. 5. Depots for the '>lIl'ply of an ti-gas matcrial .. 6. Arrangcment.., for Decontamination Centres, for prefcre!lce outsidc possible gas area. 7. Transport arrangements [or se\ cr ases, out of gas arca. 8. Efficien t and lj uiek \\ am i ng of eom mcnccment of attack b) means of 1\ irelc::.s, telephone, etc. 9. Special policing of streets, and getting people under cover and protected. 10. The Dccontan?ination -quads to be ready to proceed to contamInated aJcas in vans, with su pply of all materials used to destroy the eras. 11. Picketing of gas areas. b 1~. Quick removal by ambulanccs, of gassed cases to Decon tam i nation Centres. 13. Fire Brigades ready to hose down walls and spray with green solution. 14. The all clear signal. I. hope that in this short review of the subjec t of POlson Gas, to have shOlvn that the co-ordination of the various units I have mentioned, and th e efficiency of their knowledge of the subject, woul d do much to allay any possible fear that might a ri se in the minds of the Pu bl ic should such a catastrophe as a Poison Gas attack bc possible.

May , 1933 .

F IR S T

Let us give our minds to making ourselves as conversant \ViLh thc subjc t as possible, and attaining an effic icncy equivalcnt to that of our First Aid .

Manual of Drill and Camping, S.J.A.B.* PAbE 88-SECTION

64.

TIllS section deals with exercises with prepared stretchers. From the preceding section it is apparent that the stretcher squads are in column of squads on the march. If":\ . 1 squad be leading, and the order is" Form I ine on left." Th leading squad will mark time. The remaining squads wi ll incline to left and march to thei r new posi tion, 1\0. 1 of each successive squad taking his dressing from the No.1 of the leading- squad, and all squads mark time lin ti I the n xt c:-..ecll ti ve order. The squads would he in extended order on their nc\\ alignmcnt. If the column of squads be marching to the rig·ht Jlank, and it is desired to form line on the original front, it \\·ould be only necessary to give two succes ' ive in lines to left to bring the squads

n' "

A I U.

281

must mark time on his o\Vn ground, but turn to con form to the movemen t of his own squad. I do not consider it expedient to mix stretcher and platoon drill. The pi vot man in open stretcher drill is ;\ o . .3 bearer. I n platoon drill the pivot man is the man on the flank . The reference to Paragraph 5+ is am biguous.

I, t

I I

-, t

- " ,:- .. ,:

1,----:'

t- - ,

'-.!>,~ : - -"1

1_: - - -

1--

, I

. I

Column of squads marching to righl forming line to original front.

\Vhen considering stretcher drill we must recognise the reason for such drill. The object of training in stretcher drill is to ensure that stretcher bearers are able to erive to the pati~nt the maximum of comfort, and fo~ the preventIOn of any aggravation of injury or illness by careless handling or carriage. The more im portan t poin ts of stretcher drill are often overlooked. All bear~rs should march with knees slightly bent and WIth a tendency to slouch. This, together with a broken step, will minimise the swing of the loaded stretcher. The rate of march m list be gO\Terned by the nature of the injury or the need for urgency. The slow march in practice is orten greatly exaggerated. The comfort of the patient must be the first consideration ..J. \\T.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "

The Earl of Ancaster, president, presided at the first annual meeting of the Bourne Di\"isiol1, S.J. ~-\.B.

Column of squads forming line on Jeft.

~n corr~ct position, prov ing No . 1 squad was leadlI1g before the inclines were g iven . No . 1 squad would then be on right of new alignment. In this movement No . 3 bearer of each squad

Thirty-foul' case ,\"ere treated b,' members of the Blackburn orps, .J. A. B., at the Easter Plea ure Fair. The Corps motol' ambulance remo\·ed eight cases.

During his ,·isit to unemployed centres in the Black Country, under the au pices of the 0.' ational Council of Social Sen-ice, Prince George presenLed certificates of proficiency to a flr t aid class al \\Tcdnesbur\". This is the first unemployed class in the country to gain certificates.

We are p r epared to supply Ambulance Secreta ries and ot h e rs w ith s peci m en copies of this Journal fo r distribution am ong their

* An answer to a reader's query.

m e m bers.

Apply

t he

Publishers, FIRST AID, 4 0 Cannon S t., Lon don E ,C. 4.

F l,R S T

282

The

Brzgade

St.

fohn

A I D.

May, 1933 .

Ambulance

Dzst?zct Reports.

No I. (Prince of Wales') District. The District Finals were held on April 22nd, 1933, at the I orthampton Institute, Clerkenwell. The three trophies for Ambulance Divisions and judges for same were: "Massey-Mainwaring" Challenge Cup (Asst.-Com. Capt. A. C. White Knox); "Osborne" Challenge Shield (Corps ?ur~eon H. A. D.unlop) ; (, Ninnis" Efficiency Cup (Dlstnct Officers McBrIde and Osborn). . . The winners of the first named competltlOn represent the District in the " Dewar" Shield Final. A large gathering assembled in the balcony and followed with interest the various competitions. Following the competitions the u~u~l marc~ past of the competitors took place, the CormmsslOner, Lleut.~Col. F. A. Brooks, M.D., taking the salute. . At the presentation meeting at which the Commissioner presided, Asst.-Commissioner Capt. Goodley (Secretary) announced the ambulance competltlOn results as follows: "Massey-Mainwaring": 1, Cricklewood, 413 marks; 2, West Ham, 369; 3, Met. Railway, 338. " Osborne": 1, Merton and Wimbledon, 306 marks; 2, Cricklewood, 273; 3, Royal Arsenal, 262; 4, Willesden, 228. " Ninnis ": I, Toynbee Hall, 3131 marks; 2, Cricklewood, 268~; 3, liford, 23U; 4, Bentalls, 221; 5, South I\Iet. Gas Co., 207i. Other results of competitions which had been held previously were: "Sleath Gent" Cup, Pte. Stallard, Merton and Wimbledon Division; "MacRae" Cup for Cadets, Dagenham c., 12. Lady District Officer, Robinia, Viscountess Mountgarret, O.B.E. (Dame of Justice) g:raciously presented the trophies to the successfuf competltors. Votes of thanks followed by the National Anthem brought the proceedings to a successful close.

V!:

DAGENHAM.-On Tuesday evening, April 25th, a most interesting lecture on " Artificial Respiration" was given by Mr. Burwood of Messrs. Siebe, Gorman & Co., Ltd., the well-known breathing apparatus manufacturers. A large and appreciative audience, numbering about 275, greeted Mr. Burwood, who dealt with the subject in a thoroughly exhaustive manner. The lecture was arranged by the Dagenham Division. . On Friday, April 28th, a course of lectures on FIrst Aid commenced at Five Elms School, Becontree. To this course genuine unemployed men are admitted free but a fee is being charged to others. GRAys.-The Annual Dinner of the Grays Ambulance and Nursing Divisions was held on Wednesday, April 26th. Mr. G. T. Shields, president, presided over the gathering which included Capt. Goodley, M.C., Asst. Commissioner Public Duty Officer and Mrs. Goodley, District Surgeon Capt. Bendix, District Officer C. J. Fitch and Mrs. Fitch, Lady District Officer Miss Curtis, Supt. Jones, Lady Supt. Mrs. Harve~, Amb.-Officers Smith and Baird, Lady Amb.-Officer MISS Gwynne and many well-known people of the district.

There were several speeches interspersed With songs. The "Emlyn Jones" Memorial Cup, won by Pte. Brand, was unable to be presented as the winner was absent owing to examinations; also the "Harvey" Cup should have been presented to the winner, Amb.-Sister Gillett, but she was absent through illness. The evening ended with a social and dance. NEW SOUTHGATE.-On Wednesday, May 3rd, at Garfield Road Schools, New Southgate, about 120 members and friends met to celebrate the second birthday of No. 118 (Southgate) Ambulance Division and the fi~st bi~t~ day of No. 74 (Finchley and Southgate) NursH:g DIVIsion. The Divisions were very pleased to have with them Lady District Officer Mrs. MacFadden and th~ late Lady District Officer of the Northern Area, MISS Hoare, O.B.E., Divisional Surgeons D. W. Reid and S. L. Westlake, Lady Supt. Miss Baxter of Ealing D~vision, Amb.Officers S. ]. Stillwell and F. J. Standmgford, Mrs. Standingford, Mr. Martin-Smith (Sergeant-in-Lharge of Barnet Division) and Miss Martin-Smith. The As~t. Commissioner, Capt. A. C. White Knox, M.C., M.B., DIStrict Officer C. T. Osborn, and Supt. J. Standingford and ]. W. Tayler were unfortunately prevented from being present owing to an important meeting. The evening was spent in dancing, music for which was provided by the c.L.B. Band, garnes, and Amb.Officer Stillwell kindly gave a performance with his marionettes. Amb.-Officer S. H. Collins welcomed the visitors, which was endorsed by Lady Amb.-Officer Miss Vicary when she proceeded to cut the birthday cake, after which a brief outline of the work of the Divisions was given. Lady District Officer Mrs. MacFadden then spoke and in her remarks congratulated both Divisions on the work they were doing and wished them every success in the future. A very happy evening was spent and it is hoped this will be the first of many such gatherings.

No. II. District. The final competitions of Hampshire County were held at Portsmouth. The team test was a supposed accident, a heavy branch of a tree having fallen across a road, pinning a man beneath it. The Lady Mayoress (Mrs. W. A. Billing) witnessed some of the work done and later presented the awards. The County Commissioner, Lieut.-Col. W. E. Pittard, F.RS.A.; County Officers Dr. H. E. Rawlance, M.D., F.RC.S., and Lieut.-Col. Norman White (Chairman, Portsmouth Centre), were also present. Tea was served under the direction of Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Fullj ames, O.B.E. The Ambulance Division results was I, . Portsmouth Police, 31O~ marks; 2, Southampton, 300; 3, Eastleigh, 286~; 4, Bournemouth, 268. Cadet competition-Alverstoke. The Portsmouth Police not being eligible for the " Twiss" Shield, this trophy was presented to Southamp-

May , 1933 .

FIRST

ton who with Southbourne will represent Hampshire in the District finals. Lieut.-Col. Norman White thanked the organisers for their increasing hard work and also Miss G. E. Watt, M.A., Principal of the High School for the use of the building. BRlSToL.-Under the Chairmanship of Corps Sergt.Major C. Vincent, sixty-two memhers and friends of the N.C.O.'s Club, City of Bristol Corps, sat down to an excellent dinner at the tar offee House. Prominent guests included Corps Supt. A. Cotton, Corps Officers II. Trott) C. \;Varr, G. T. Usher, Corps Surg-eon Burgess, and Amb.-Officers Brown, Trebble and Pearce. The Olainnan, in his remarks, mentioned that since the Club's inception three years ago, the membership had grown and now boasted of 45. The loyalty and esprit de corps heing " second to none" in the country. Corps Supt. Colton thanked the Chairman for his remarks and mentioned that it was through the great

A I D.

283

when 29 passed for First Aid Certificates, one for Voucher and one for Label. As a result of this Class the strength of the Division will be considerably increased, twelve members having already signified their intention of enrolling in the Brigade. This will bring the total effective strength up to 59. Div.-Supt. H. Baker, who has been closely associated with amhulance work on the G.W.R as Class Secretary and In trllctor for many years, retired from the service on l\Iay 6th, on the completion of 45 years' service. He has received many expressions of goodwill for his future happiness and a well-earned retirement. He intends tn continue his association \\-ith the railway Ambulance Class, and as Divisional Superintendent, a position he has held since 1928.

No. IV. ( Lanca shire) District. SOUTlIPORT.-The Dewar Preliminary Competition was held at Southport Ambulance Headquarters, thirteen teams competing.

P/;oto.t;rap/l by] [Birmin,Rlzam Post Th e j o. 3 Di triet "Dewar" Qualtfying Competition in prog-ress. On the left i County Commissioner W. E. Audland, l\I.B.E., l\1.R.C.S., judging the Team Test.

c!'forts of the Sergt.-Uajor that the discipline of the (or~s was so high at the moment, this reflects great credIt al 0 on the members of the Club who have to .. hand on" til is knowledge to thei r various divisions. scattered over a very wide area. . Corps Surgeon . Burgess al 0 briefly spoke, parttcularly stres ing the point of the great value of the ~lub to the Corps as a whole, the great \'aluc of the Interchange of id eas and the inspiration to achieve better results. T~e musical programme was supplied by Billy Field and hIS famous Limits.

The result was declared as follows :-1 Crewe, 256 points; 2 Preston, 2..1-8; 3 Brierfield, 218. . The two first teams received trophies, and Crewe wI~l attend the final in London. After presenting the trophIes, the Commissioner W. G. Smith, Esq., O.B.E., spoke of the value of competitions generally, and congratulated, not only the winners, but every team that had e~tered. He al 0 thanked the examiners, and the Distnct Secretary, District Officer C1eal. who had acted as Secretary for the Competition. The able arrangements made by the Officers of the Southport Corps for the comfort of the teams, etc., were also suitably mentioned.

No. III. Oistr-ict. STOURBRIDGE.-The examination of the mcmbers -:>f the new Fi rst Aid Class which was formed in the early part of January was conducted by Dr. V. Gray Mait1an~1 (Surgeon of Dudley and District Corps) on April 4th,

i\.CCRINGTON.-Tlle mw wing of the St. John Ambulance Hall was opened on Saturday, April 29th, by Mr. E. Ranson, who was presented with an ornamental key for the purpose. The extensions have been erected at a cost of over £3,000, towards which £2,000 was given by

28-1-

FIR S T

the trustee of the late Miss Pilkington, formerly of Laneside Hon e, ccrino·ton. ]\1r. Ran on' co-trn tee the Rev. J. Dodd, presided, at the mecting in the new hall, and ",a supported by nlC1ny influcntial ladic and gentlemen. amono' whom were Col. Bolton. I.C. the Corps Pre ident.. the Mayor and :\Iayoress of ccring-ton, the Commi ioner, G. Smith, Esq., O.RE., Col. Trimble, CB., C]\I.G., the Corps, and Lady Corps uperin tc ndent) and Mi s Fletcher. formerly Lady llPt. The self-sacrificing efforts of the members who formed the Corp oyer thirty year ao'o were spoken 0f, and the noble work performed on the roads and in the mills and workshops of the di trict at the present time was mentioned in terms of gratitude. The Corps is to be congratulated on havino- the fine t Ambulance Hall ill the country, and tribute \Va paid to the general public who as isted the members to raise £1,600 at the bazaar 'which made it pos ible to proceed with the extension.

,v.

LrvERPooL.-At the Annual ]\feeting of the Brigade and Association held at the Town Hall, Liverpool, under the presidency of the Hon. Ronald Hall-Cain, M.P. , an appeal 'was made for subscriptions tm\'ards the cost of the new headquarter, and it was announced that a picture had been giyen by Mr. ]. A. Berrie, the artist, to be sold for the benefit of the funds. Ald. \V. \V. Kelly then announced that he would giye a donation of £100, stating that he had hoped to leaye this amount to the Corps in his will, but on second thought had decided to give it immediately as otherwise they might have to wait another twenty years. The Chairman then made a similar offer, amidst loud applause. Major-Gen. Sir Perciyal \Vilkin on, SecretaryGeneral of the Order addressed the meeting on the Road Scheme of the Brigade., and said it was essential that those "\""ho were inj ured in road accidents should have the best possible treatment immediately. This scheme was he stated, one of the most yaluable developments of the Ambulance Department, and though only in its infancy, there were now well over 100 Road Huts of a p e rmanent nature, and the number of other posts ran into thousands. LrTHERLAND.-A new Road Hut in Sefton Road, belonging to the Litherland Division, Live rpool Corps, was dedicated by the Rev. Henry Gordon, Vicar of Litherland, on Sunday, April 9th. LYTHA~I ST. A NES.-At St. George's Hall, St. Annes-on- ea, a very interesting' and entertaining lecture on "Defence against Gas," was given on Wednesday evening, April 12th, by ]\lajor Bayley, M.C, R.A.M.C, who also exhibited gas masks used by troops during the VVar, and the late t model adopted by the Army Council. A large audience of members of the Ambulance Brigade, Police, Firemen, Guiders and Scoutmasters thoroughly enjoyed the non-technical manner in which the lectur er dealt with his subj ect, and he was h ea rtily thanked, at the conclusion, for his services.

1\1 a y , 1933.

A I D.

texthooks, and their usefulness from an amhulance standpoint. Corps Officer J. Sayilk (Serving Brother) pre. idecl over an enthusia tic gathering- and at the conclusion 0 r the lecture prO]1O ed a vote of thanks to 1\[r. E. D. Glover. Lady Diy . upl. Mr .• peig-ht seconded the proposition which was carried with acclamation. DEx.\BY.-The il\'er iubilee of the Denahv Corps, S.I.A.R. wa recently eeiehratcd hy a pecia( hllrch Pclrac1e at All ~ aints' Church. A plcnclid muster as'embkd, heing joined l)y the hurch Lad " Brigade. Thc parade \\'a . commanded by Corps Officer C. J. Pickett . 1\T.C, and the salute was taken after en·ice hy District Officcr 'V. Still. The officers pre el1t on parade included Di,'. - 1I]1l. impkin (1\Texboroug-h) and \VhimpcllllY (Denahy), Amb.-Officer Ro sand ookc (Denah)'). Lady SU[lt. :\f rs. C Farrell (Coni borong'h), Lady Supt. :\frs. Yatcs (:\rex borough), and Lady Officer ' -:\[r' . . . C. Urch (Coni.horoug-h). Cooke, 'Vhimpellny and (,hattlll (Dcna]))"!. Of the original reg-i tered members of the orp" at its founclation a qnarter of a century ago. thrce ITJIlain. Dr. J. J. Huey, As l. Commissioncr. Di,. Supt. ~impkins and Amb.-Officer Cooke. The "alue of the amhulance m()\"lmlllt \\ as l hc suhjed of the address ginn hy the Rc\'. :. p()\\ ley (\'lcar). who said they found the 1110\'C111cnl at \\ ()rk all 0\ n tIll' worlel and they could not estimate thl" wonderful \\ ()rk that had been achieyecl in relicying- pain and saving life.

- - - - - - - - -No. VIII. (Duke of Connaught's ) Di s trict, C\);TERBURY.-The Kent Count\' Competitions wen' held on April 29th. at Canterbur). J udg-es for the Ambulance T cst· \\ en: Tl"am tL';;t, Dr. A. -:\1. Pollock (County urgeon, 'Yv;t Kent). practical; Dr. . Cochrane (Di". lH.;eOl1 . Dart ford Divi. ion), and D. F. . Thornton (Di\·. ~'urg-eon, Chl r!sLY Di\'ision L Cadet Section, team: Di trict Officer \ \ ' . 1Tancnx (\\-et Kent); practicals. Lady Pcters (District Ofilcer. ~urrL)). and Supt. B. Beaumon t (Doclc1ing-tol1); uni iorm: I\. sl. Commissioner A. B. Tel-Taster, M.D., and Dist rict Office r T. Potts. Among tho e pre 'e nt who witncssed the Competitions were: Di trict Commissioner E. A. Richard., ,,-t. Commissioner ~Iajor \\'. II. F. i\oblc, L.-:'L ,S'L\" L ad) Dist rict Supt. ~Irs. C. Falwa ser, County, urg-eons F. C. Cozens and A. :\1. Pollock; District Officer \V. T. JIan cock and T. Pott and Ladv Ditrict Officer :\fis - II. hla~ . The 1\Iayor of Canterbury (Alderman F. IIooker) and Miss Ho oke r (Acting- -:'1ayorcss) wcre also pre ent. The result was announced a' follo\vs-"ATen: 1 anc1 East Kent Bowl) Ashford tat ion, 412~; 2 and "Dam(' Janet Stan combe Wills" Cup, Sitting-hourne, 3921: .). Herne Bay, 3761; Cadets: 1 and " lcl\1aster" Cup, Folkstone, 192; 2, Dover S. R., 18n; 3, IIerne Bay, 182. Miss Hooker eli tributec1 the a \\ a rei and also presented to Pte. Wells (Canterbury) a en'lce lIedal.

No. IX. District.

No . V. District. CLEcKHEAToN.-An interesting lecture was recently delivered to the Cleckheaton Ambulance and NursingDivision by Mr. Edward D. Glover, Serving Brother and Centre Secretary, Leeds S.].A.A., on the subj ect of the British Pharmacopceia, 1932. The lecturer gave a short history of the Pharmacopceia, explaining its purposes, and gradually mentioning the various drugs and medicinal agents, to be found in the First Aiel and IT omc ursing T

On Saturday, April 22nd, the final District Competitions of No.9 District were held at Weymouth. The judges in the Ambulance Te ts were: Dr. Verniquet, of Kingsbridge (team), Dr. T. B. Broadway, of Dorchester and Dr. II. Wolseley-Lewis, of Wimborne (individual). The Team Test was that of a man inj urcd in a quarry explosion and S0111e good work was witnessed by a large gathering.

May. 1933 .

FIRST

Among those present were the Surgeon-in-Chief of the S.] .A.B. (Co). . 1. Ellis), the County Commissioner fO.r <;=ornwall (Lleul.-Co!. Beachwood), the County ComI11I~s!Oner Ior . Dorset (Capl. J. W. White), Chief County Officer PerkIns (Devon), Lady County Officer 1\lr. J3al ton (Devon), Lady County Officer 1\lrs. Townsend (Cornwall) ancl al. () the Mayor and Mayore s of Weymouth (Capt. and Mr~. F. 'V. Ilamhlin). Tl~e results were: I (" 111crclon" Shield), Exeter, -Ul pOInts: 2, ewton Abbot, -1-271 (awarded ,. Lennard" Cup); 3. \\'e) mouth .. 409 J (awarded Shaftesbury Cup for l'l'st Dorset team). The ~layoress of \VeYl1louth distributed the awards. CmIRE ~l'\RTT:-,r.-A realistic motor car accident in whicl: a boy C) c~ist hc~d become il1\'olnc! was staged at the Combe 7\lartll1 .DrI1I Hall on .aturday, April 22nc1. and formed the hasl of the Team T e t for eio-ht team' '.\ ho were comJlcting' in the fifth Annual ~mpetitiol1 tllr ~I:e .. Lady Forester" Challenge Cup. • J he up, prc<;ullcd by Lady Forester, is competed tor by tl'ams drawn fro m the North Devon and \Vest ~')mer et Jlrit.:·;lcie . only. The Competition \\a divided 1I,1l'1 three s(Clirl'l<; thc Team Test. fndiviclual Practical 'Il·.:. a11d \ 1\ ,l \'()CC Tesl. " J)I>, E. If(lL.IT1<l1l, of C()mhe :'Ilartin. adjudicated the I Lam 1 c;;l. whlk Dr. F. II. Ilnlling'hcad ([lfraco1l1hc) a~~d Dr. 11.~lyl'1" (Harnst.ap1c) judged the Indi\'id ual and \ 1\ a \ oce I l't. rCSI>l'Cl 1\·cl\,. 1)i\ .. up!. i~. J1ulchcr (1; 11 l1!'taplc) and Amb. Officer P(:~IITl ae.tlll a.' til~ll'h-cpcr~. Dr. ~'. R Cibh . County (,lfflclr , ,hl'l11~ the nfllcn III charge of the Competitiol1) and ~ Upl;, Kll~11111ns (Lynton) Competition Sccrctary. I \e ~na! a\\(~rc1s \\'ere: 1. Barnstaplc. 236; 2, :\Iinehl,l(l, _1:->: :). II t raco111be, 212: -1-, nrid~\\atcr, 192; 5. ()~l11l1!e :'Ilartln, 1(, : 0, Lynton. 156; 7, \\'lllwpool. 147; . J,)(ktnrcl. 138. . . .\n inll0\ atinll ill thi' tYPL of competition \\ a pro\ Idul b) a ha11dlcap compl tition for tcams \\ ho had ne\"('r prc\ 1011SI) WOll the .. Forester" lip. Combe :\Iartin with '\ han(1!cilp of ,50. (lhtained all adju led score of 258. and t.HlS won t~le Cup prescnted to the handicap cia by :\Ir '. L '1ltrl'l l. 01 liullsterca"tlc. The awards \\ ere distributcd h} Lady Fore ter, who • Cl'i than.ke(~. O~l the motion of ,'ir l\rthur \\'atson. ,\n In\ Itat10n from the ~layor and orporation of Bndt;\\iltc r to hold the 193-+ contest' in that town, ha ' bccn acce pted.

No. X. District. II.'SWICJT.-Yarlllouth were succe

fnl for the third up ,ll th.e Annual CompetItIOn of 1\0. 10 Di . trict held at 1 lS\\ l.ch on pril 29th, and \\ ill thus repre ent'the Dis Iftct In the" Dcwar" hield Final, to he held in London on J l1ne 2nd. The Team Te t wa _ that of a man who had been trampled under a runaway hors ancl van. th, The ?\lay?r of .rp wich and :\lrs. Ja~k on witnessed J c CompetItIon and th? ~ present l11clucled Major i\'Ia~' C. IIossa~k ( omml slOner) A st. Commissioner D' J~.r 1\1. MacEwan. Lady Di trict Supt. Mrs. Porter, t.~ t11ct Officer A. Lord) Di trict Officer A. . Hill Di '111~ct Offi:er eth rcoate., Di~trict Officer J. E. Death. c cl othel officer who acted 111 variolls capacitie . :2 H~the .Iull result was: I, Great Yarmouth, 247 mark; , l Chll1. 236; 3. March, 215; other team competino. 1 N .ERN we reT~' b ~ '.'" . o. 1, Colche ter , and 1p ",ich. S he adjudIcators were: Dr. Br e (E sex County nrg-eon) Team Test; Dr. \lVeiner (Ipswich)' and Dr. Yl'ar~ll successi~n in \.\' ~nning the" En t Ang-lian"

A I D.

28 5

Learmont (Haverhill) for the Viva Voce and Practical work. ) v.:rsBECII.-On Ea tel' Sunday morning the Fi r t Aid J"o~d Ide Hut erected by the Wi bech Di\'ision was de(!Jcat~d by the Rev. \V. R. palding \Vray (Brigade <:;hapla1l1) and opened by Dr. ]. \V. A. Wilson, Divisional Surgeon. The. Hut i ' a compact little huilding and contain::. full eqlllpment for 11 c at accidents. The fur:ds for the building were obtained from a d,raw, organl ed by CarpI. S. V. G. Jones, which realised £-+3. Ptc. T. Lake unde:took the actual building, Pte. A. i\1ulleman made the fittIng and Pte. B. Beeby, assisted by other members, did the painting and decorating. r T~e land on whIch the Hut stands was given by :\1r. \\. \\ oolley at a nominal rental. .' Among those \\ ho were p~esent at the opening er\ Ice we:e: Dr. J. 'V. A . 'Vllson (Div. urgeon) and l\Ir \~hlson, the Rev. \V. R. Spalding '\Tray (Brigade Chapla1l1), r upt. S. R. Hull, Amb.-Officer T. ,,,,Talton, ,ergt. A. I nlghts, Corpls. E. R. ~1ason and S. V. G. Jone (Hon . ecr~tarY)J and 19 Private. There was also a mall group of 1l1tere ted onlookers. ") _.. Supt. Hall alluded to the fine en'ice rendered by I ~!' ates Lake, -:\Il111eman and Beeby and a ked :\Ir. \\ J! or~ t.o present the three member \\ith token of appreCIatIOn.

Colliery News. THE PELAW

f\1AI~ COLLIERIES, LTD., .-\"lI3ULANCE LEAGUE.

IN connection with the group of collieries and other department o\\'ned by the above firm, an Ambulance League has been formed, and the follo\ying officials h::I\'e been elected to operate the League : ~resident: \V: Ru h\\'orth, Esq . (Director); VicePre Ident and Chairman: H. R. Horn by, E q . {Agent}; Han. S.ecretary: I r. L\' \V. Lawton; Hon. Trea urer: 1\1r. Ed. DInsdale; ommittee: Messrs . J. Beadling, R. F. Pc c~d, J . f\1ordue, B. Surry, G . \V. N. Harrison and Dr. ~lartlO .

:\ ih'er .hield (the "<?harles Perkins" Shield) i to be competed for In June of thiS year, and will be held for one year by. the winning team. \ Vinners of the shield are each to recel\,~ gold med~ls, the runner -up to recei\'e ilver Ill~dals With other prIze to be gi\·en. Fi\'e member comprise the teal:l. Teams to be employees of the firm. Th.e. varIOUS teams. are zealously practis ing for th is compelltlO.n, and.a keen Intere t and rin:dry is being taken b?' the \,arlou mine manager and official of the respective p~t and .del:artillents, which it is hoped \\'ill stimulate fir t aid practl e In the town and di trict. _ The ambula.nce cia sc held under the auspices of thi hrlll, and organl ed by l r. J . B adling, ha\'e had a most s.ucce sful ~e sio~. Tinety-three tude~t at their examinatton for Fir t .-\ Id, the ,,-hole number gained the S .J .A.A . a \\'ar~s, a result of 100 per cent a wards granted. T he exam iner were Dr. Gar on ( acriston) and D r. Scott (Gate h ead) . T" T he class lectu rer being Dr. T oward (Birtley) and Dr, N unmon ( P elton). T he follo\.vil1(Y (yaye their en'ice as d~mon trator : l\l e, . r. R obt . y\i it on, J ohn ~all, Geo. ~ 1 1l1to, T ho. Lamb, J. Hetherington, J. Hartltng , J. E lli s, Thos. Greener and F. uy rs. CIa ecretary, \V. Gatt .

When corresponding with advertisers mention " FIRST AID."

kind ly

FIRST

286

Slolice J\mbulance j'lews. .\.TIOI AL

POLICE AMBULANCE CO IPETITIOI

INDlYIDUAL TESTS USED AT

TilE FI ' AL CO;'llPETlTJO ' .

No. l.-De cribe in full detail how a stretcher may bc impro\'ised. Time allowed, 5 minutes, beg-inning when you recei\'e this card. I. Coats and poles. Turn slee\'e of 2 or 3 coat inside out 3 Pass two strong poles through; button coats 2 Keep the pole apart \\'ith strip of "'ood ... 2 Lashed to poles at both ends of coat-bed... 2 2. Sacks and poles. Pass two stout poles throu~h holes in corners 3 Of 1 or 2 ack ; keep poles apart as abQ\'e 3 3- Bandages and poles. Tie broad bandages at inten'als to two poles 3 As described for lifting- fracture of spine ... 2 At head, scapul<e, buttock, thighs, cah'es 5 4. Rug and poles. Roll up two stout pole in the sides of 2 Rug, sacking, tarpaulin, or strong blanket 4Two bearers stand on each side, grasping 2 ~Iiddle and near end of cO\'ered pole with hand 2 Bearers walk sideways to carry stretcher 2 j. Hurdle. Tal<e hurdle, broad piece \,"ood, or shutler 3 Protect with rugs, clothing, hay, or straw 4Co\'er with piece stout cloth or sacking 3 Which is useful for lifting off stretcher 3 Total

2.-You are doing a night round, and while ~\'alk ing do\yn a dark alley you come across a young man lying on the ground under a street lamp, in a state of convulsions. He appears to be unconscious. There is bloodstained froth round his mouth. His face is li\'id. A fully-equipped ambulance haversack can be obtained at the police station 100 yards up the next street. Render fir t aid. Time allowed, 8 minutes, beginning when you receive this card. 1 -OTE FOR JUDGE.-Paticnt to be lying against a wall on right side, legs Aexed on thighs and showing con\'ulsi\'e mQ\'ements. Bystander wearing overcoat to come along when whisle is blown or assistance called for. He is to act only under instructions from constable, TO.

Blow whi:::.tle or call for help 1 Can patient be roused (no) 1 Examine pulse (feeble) 1 Air passages for obstructions (n o ne) 1 Tongue (bilten) 1 Odour of breath (nil) 1 Undo tight clothing round (1) neck, (2) chest, (3) waist 3 Turn head to one side and patient on to back 2 Raise and su pport head 2 l\lake a gag 1 Place between teeeth 1 Wipe bloodstained froth from mouth 1 Examine pupils (egual and react to light) 1 Eyeballs (react to touch) 1 Judge: Convulsions have ceased and breathing improved. Instruct bystander to (1) fetch first aid haversack (2) Telephone for doctor Examine for injuries Head (none) 1 Trunk (none) 1 Upper limbs (none) 1

May, 193 :1.

A I D.

May, 1933.

Lowcr limb (thcre is a deformity in rig-ht lowcr limb at knee) 1 Is there swelling (yes) 1 Is ther pain (paticnt cannot answer) 1 Is there 10 s of power (yes) 1 Is thcrc ha:::morrhage (no) 1 Diagnosis: Simple fracture of right patella (yes) ... 1 (Bystander returns \\'i4h ambulance hawr ack and says doctor will be here hortly.) Instruct bystander to traighten and raise limb 1 Apply splint along back of limb 1 Reaching- from bUllock to heel 1 Secure splint from bandages round thigh and leg 2 Tell bystander to keep foot wcll supported ofT the ground 2 .\pply narro\\' bandage with centre immediately ahon: kneecap Cross ends behind 0\ er splint ... Pass them again to front of limh just below kneecap and tie them ... ,\sk by tander for loan of 0\ crcoal Co\' 'r patient \\'::trllll,) (] udge: "Dl)ct or has arrivcd. ") Report to him: (1) ature of case 2 (2) Treatment adopted 2 ~lark for extra cnlciency 5 Total

TO. 3. - Card 1. You h:1.\"e been sent to make certain inquirie at a collage at a 10nl..'l) ~p('ll on a moor. .\ farm labourer accompanie<, ) ou to ho\\' yl1U thL \\;1). \\'hen within 100 yards of the cottaKe your companion hends down to pick up ~ol11eLhing from the heather. LIe <,udul'nl,) Slll)uts out saying he thinks he has heen bittLn in the ri~' hl hand by an adder, which you see hurr: inf5 a\\'a). Renuer first aid. There is a further card to folIo\\'. Time allO\\ cd for hLlth, 8 minute, beg-inning \\~ 11Cn ) ou recei\'e thi:; card. :\OTE FOR J{J[)GE. ite of bite to be markl!d on b,ll'k t)f right hand by a cross in red ink. Con-.labk and 1,lhl)UrLr each to ha\c a clean handkl..'rchid in pocket. Bowl ll1arked "warm water," chair, clean handkerchief, bowl Illarkl'd "cold water," brandy, lint, !~ot water ht)llIc ,Inti teacup (0 be placed behind a screen in char!jc of man li\'ing in the collage.

Immediately placc constriction bet Wecn wound and heart as near trunk as possible 2 .\dditional lig-atur\.' at inter\'als down thelilllh 2 Encourage bleeding 2 ,\ssist labourer to collage as quickly a possihle 2 Ask man in cottage for a chair and eat patient 2 Injured part to be kept low .2 Ask for warm water and bathe wound in it 1 Inquire if doctor available (he li\'cS 5 miles away) 1 Scratch skin round wound 2 Ask for permanganate of potash (none a\'ClilabJe) 2 Ask for iodine or spirit 2 (Judge: " fan says he has a bottle of brandy which you can u e.") Give 2 tablespoonsful of brandy in a winegla"s of water 2 Apply brandy copiously to wound 2 Remove constrictions 2 Ask man if he has any firsL aid dre sings (he says he has some lint) 1 Apply dressing to part 1 Retain with clean handkerchief 1 Injured arm to be supported . . . 1 Treat for shock 1 Ask for and give hot tea or coffee 1 Ask for and sprinkle face with hot and cold water alternately Ask for and apply warmth to pit of stomach and over heart

FIRST

Friction of limbs upwards

1 1

A~k for smellingsalts (none available)

Card 2. (1) Do you consider patient has been poisoned? (Yes) (2) IIow do you define a poison? (Any substance which whcn takcn into the body in sulTicient quantity is capablc of de troying lifc) (3) lIow do poisons enter the body? (1) By the mouth (2) Throug-h the lungs, e.g., poisotlous gases... (3) By injection under the skin, e.~., snake bite larks for extra elTicienc),

2 2 2 2

50 -+ and 5. You nnd your mate are walking along it country road on your \\ ay hOl11e when you me<.!t a runaway hOI' e amI trap. .\s it g-ets \\ ithin 20 yard"i of you the trap collap-;t''i and the horse holt-; \\-ith dash hoard and "hafts behind it. Thc ~Iri\'cr i-; thrown hea\ ilv on to his head and kft shoulder, Clnd rolls on to the g-rass b): the side of the road. There is an .\ ..-\. box clos~ at hand, and on e~ing the blllting- horse thc scout rllshes out. \\'cather dry. Render first aid. Time allowed, R minutes, beginning when you recci\'e Ihis card . :\lllJ; FI.)I{ Jl · J)( ~ E .. Patient lying- face dO\\'n\\'ards, left a rm ulldl'r body, knces flexed. Blood marked on patient' kft teillple. Pil'cc of red flannel under patient' left temple Lnd chcl'k. 0\ \.'rCl1at, jug- of cold water, 6 banda~es, iodine, I1t amI collonwool in .\. J\. box. 1\0-;.

!' apidl) npproach patiL'nt )btain Scout's assi~tance E xamine patient b patient L' l)l1~cil)u" (Ill)) I . . h;l' IllMrhage \' i"iblc (Iarg-L' WI.Hlnd o\,cr left tcmple) I..; blood "purling ()l's) I 111 1l11'Jiate digital pres,>urL' on Il'ft lL'lllporal artery Carefully turn pali(' nt on to his hack, head raised and on onL' sidL' L'ndo all tight clothing In lJuire of ')CL)Ut : II as he first aid l)utfit (} C'-;) I" Ihere a tclepl1llne in tIlt' box ()ec;) .\ k cout It) (j) lclL'pl1l1ne for doctor (2) Telcphone for amhulance ( ) Bring first aid oUlfit ( ) Rug or an) Ctwcring- if ~t\ailable I ecp up continul)us pre sure on temporal artery (Scout relLlrn-" bringing- flr~t aid outfit and o\'er(oa t, and "iay" : " Dl)ctor and ambulanc will be here in a quarter 'of <tn hour "). Cover patient \\'arml), ,\ppl)' iodine to fingers Examine wound '" Is there a fracture (ycs) Is it compound (yes) ,\nd complicated (yes) Cleanse wound with iodine Pl ,tce dry dressing on wound Make ri ng- pad .. . . _. -\pply over d r e s s i n g . . . 1\arrow bandage over pad dressing Does this centrol ha!l11orrhage? (Ye ) Further examination of scalp and head (nothing ::tbnormal) ... Colour of face (pale) ... State of pul e ( mall and rapid) Condition of brealhing (shallow) Condition of pupils (equal and react lightly) Odour of breath (nil) ... Any blood issuing from no e, ear, or l1louth (no) Lower head and keep on one side Ask Scout for cold water

A I D.

287

Apply cold water Lo the head .\sk Scout to remove shattered cart from roadway And to make inquiries re runaway horse Examination of upper limb, Shoulder joint (no injury) Scapula (no injury) .. Clavicle (deformity in upper third) Upper arm (no injury) Forearm and hand (no injury) Examination of chest and ribs (no injury) Treatment of fractured clavicle. Remove coat, arm from sound side first Unfasten brace on injured side Place pad in armpit 4 in. by 2 in. Gentl y raise forearm well up Keep shoulder back Support in St. John sling Secure injured limb firmly to side by broad bandage round elbo\\' and trunk Feel pulse Tighten sling Has iJatient recoYered consciousness (no)... Examine ri£;ht upper limb (no injury) Examine lower limbs and pelvis for injuries (none) Further examination of calp \,"ound for hGemorrhage (controlled) Keep patient covered up until arrival of ambulance ~larks for extra efficiency

2 2

1 1 1 1

1 1 2 1 1 1 1

1 1

1 1 2 2 2 2 2 8 100

2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2

2 2 1 1

1 1 5

2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1

CITY OF LONDON POLICE RESERVE. As reported last month there was ome doubt as to whether it \\'ould be possible for all the Divisions to enter a ~e;:r111 for the A.nnual Cup Competition. Ho\\'evcr, four teams entered but one team had to scratch a few minutes before the competition w::t scheduled to commence. Our Chief ~1.0., Capt. "\. C. White Knox, 7\LC., l\l.D., decided to carr\, on with the teams repre enting A, B, and D Di\'i ions, and he judged the team test whilst the Assistant ~1. 0., Capt. F. E. Bendix, l\I.R.C. ., L.R.C.P., judged the individual te t, which on thi oeca ion was the same for each man. It was a matter of surprise and regret to all concerned, to see such a poor attendance, particularly in respect of ollr onicers, notwithstanding the fact that the City Police were fully represented by the presence of the Chief Commissioner, Sir Hugh Turnbull, K.C.B. ; the As istant Commissioner, John Stark, E g., C. B. E. ; Chief upt. E. Tompson, Supt. J. E. Jame , Dr. Gibbons (~ledical Officer), and members of the Force under the direction of Sergt. T. Rose, who acted a stewards. Olhers present included Deputy As t. Commandant G. T . Foxon, l\Ir. D. G. Monteith, (Competition ecretary, S.J.A.A,), Corps Supt. A. ]. Green (S.J.A.B.), who acted a time keeper, and Mr. G. E. Craft (FIRST AID), \vho also gave assistance. Assistant Di\·. Commander H. F. Sully acted as receptioni t. Staff Sergt. Barnes arranged the supper \\'hich followed the competition, and O\'er \\'hich G. T. Foxen, Esg., presided. Capt. "Ihite Knox announced the results as f01l0'.,"s: 1st, B Division (for the. ccond year in succession), 209 points; 2, A Division, 189 ; 3rd, 0 Division, 174. Individual winner, Asst. Sergt. Hammond, captain of the B Division team. Sir Hugh Turnbull presented the" Sir \Villiam. Smith" Cup and indi ,'idual prizes (glass lined sih'er plated sugar bowls and tong) to the member of the succes ful team. In the course of a few remarks, theChief M.O., referred to the able assistance gi\'en him by his assistant, the han. secretary, and al 0 to the quality of the work done b\' the teams, which did not eem to be of 0 high a tanda~d as last year. Several factor, however, contributed largely to this,

FIR S T

288

but again t them, I, a hon. secretary know that with the plendid support of the consistent fellows who are the backbone of the first aid and ambulance work, we shall always be able to continue in this \\'urk of making members of the Resen'e recogni e the importance of efficiency in fir t aid, in preference to all other econdary interests. CECIL G. Ei\IERY, HC'l1. Sec. and Comdr.

----. -. - - -

S.J.A.B. Overseas. BO';"lBAY CORPS.- ' Vell-earned tributes were paid to the work performed by th Bombay Ambulance Corp during the various disturbances which afficted the city last year by His Excellency the GO\'ernor of Bombay and f\lajor Nunan (District Supt.) at the annual inspection on Saturday, l\larch 11 th, 1933. Reviewing the acti\'ities of the Corps during the past year, l\lajor unan said that the unhappy events of last year proved the "alue of the Brigade O\·erseas. The duties performed durin~ the civil disobedience movement afforded numerous opportunities to the Bombay Corps to rende r service to their fellow citizens. During the pa t year an additional ambulance Di\'ision was formed and is known as the Muslin Ambulance Divi ion. Also the Lady Willingdon Building was declared open on April 9th, 1932, by His Excellency the Go\·ernor. Proceeding the District Supt. stated that the total number of cases treated duting the year was 1,062. Addressing the gathering, His Excellency said he was pleased to be present again to inspect the Bombay Corps. The excellent sen'ices rendered during the riots has bee'1 recognised by a resolution of the Government. He was pleased to announce that :'Ilr. D . F . Panthaki had bl:en promoted to the grade of As ociate Officer of the Order of St. John. All were familar with tbe excell ent work :\Ir. Panthaki had done. His Exellency paid tribute to the ineslimatable public service performed by the Brigade and to Sir Reginald Spence and :'.lajor unan for work done over a long period.

Ho TG KOt\ G.- During the Far East fighting in the neigh bourhood of Shanghai last year, mern bers of tho S.J.A.B. Overseas, stationed at Hong Kong, volunteered to give assistance to the wounded. According to a statement by Col. J. L. Sleeman, Chief Commission er, S.J.A. B. Overseas, the ofrer was accepted and a detachment of 82 set out and were assignpd to the temporary hospital in the Ciccawei Univprsity, which they organised and staffed. Almost at once 200 were admitted and within a few days accommodation was found for 500 cases. A complete medical and surgical equipment and a motor ambulance acco mpanied the members who remained at the hospital until the need of work became less urgen t . The willingness of the members to help can be imagined wh en it is stated that there were 300 volunteers but, owingto financial and other reasons the numbers had to be limited to 82. Representative bodies of Chinese, to express their appreciation have made a presentation of trophies and souvenirs. At pres ent these are on exhibition in the museum at St. John's Gate, London. They consi t of an elaborate and beaut ifully desi g ned silver incense burner presented by the Citizens' Associaton of Shanghai, a silver shield from the Committee of the ational Hospital for vVounded Soldi ers, and an engraved silver plate from Chinese Boy Scouts. They were inspected on l ay 4th by the Chinese Ambassador, and will eventually be sent back to China.

May,

A I D.

1933.

The Hospitallers' Club. REPORT OF

FIR S T

May , 193.3

289

A I D.

Razlway Ambulance News.

NL'J\L DINNER .

Inter- Railway Ambulance Competition. TIlE ~ession of 1932-33 came to a c lose when 1.3H mem bers and friends met at the on naught Rooms on Saturday, April 29th, the occasion being the 14th annual dinner, pre idcd over by the President of the Club, 1Ir. P . Betti on. Col. R. B. Airey, C.~I.G., D . ., who proposed the toast of "The Club," said lhat I I there was no better way to understand the other man than by meeting him socially." He was !,ure the Club was fulfilling a very useful work. T\1r. Pascoe, the vice-President, in prop ingthe toast of "The Visitors," expre ed the pleasure it gave the mem bers to wei ome to til i r g-alheri ng Sir Thomas Oliver, ~I.D., F . R . . P., l~night of Grace; l\1 iss Cochrane, R . R. " and ~Iiss Coli ins, ....... A. I..l\I. N . IIe appreciated the interest "ho\\ n by the presence of such distinguished ladie and gentlemen . ir Thomas Oliver, :-'Iiss Cochrane and :-'lis Collins suitably replied. The immediate past President, :\Ir. . J. FilCh, proposed the toast of I . The Pre ident and hi Lady." The tribu te he paid to :\1 r. Beltis o n \\ a_ : "There was no more painstaking, hard\\' r:~ ing and genial member of the Illb than the President. To know him \Va to hold him In the highest esteem. Ilder his guidance th luh was upholding the high tradition laid down by the fou nders." The toast was received with musical honour. On rising to reply, the President re ci\'cd a very hearty reception. He said that he wa very proud to occury the position held by such distinguished men in the past. He thanked the members for the manner in which they had supported him at this annua l dinner. To the committee who meet month by month to make the arrangements for the meetings, and the Treasurer and Secretary he exprec:;sed appreciation of their work. The musical programme arranged by Mr. F. E . Stallard was enjoyed by all present.

------ .--. -----The annual church parade of the Central l\ rea, o. 1 District, will take place on Sunday, J une 25th, at 11 a.I11., at St. Clement Dane's Church, Strand, W. C.

] n appreciation of the splendid work being done by the Nelson Ambulance and Nursing- Divisions, a dance in aid of the Home Comforls Depot was organised by members of the local Police Force on April 19th. Over 250 persons were present.

The final of the above Competilion \\ ill be held on ~Ia'y 2-1-th at the \Vharncliff c Rooms) Great Central Holel)

London, when the following teams, which have been seleclcd in the ene of competltion organised by their rt: 'pectin! Companies, will compete for the Challengt' 'hleltl and prizes of lhe Order of Sl. John:Great \\'estern-Cardiff Xc\\,lown, Pontypool Road. Londo11 . :'Iidlancl and 'coltish-?\layfielcl planchestcr), LiH'rpo()1 l).G.~l.O. Londun and X orth Ea~tern-I I arwich and Parkc.:stoll, J )ukillfield. SOl1thnll - llorsham, \\'a tc.:rloo .. A." L'ngroll]led-:'J elro]lolitan. The jud.t.:·es \\ ill be: Team te t) Dr. . Hamilton, :'I.D., )).1).11. ui • 'e\'lJOrt, :'lon.; Individual tests, Dr. K. 11. BL'\'c rky, :'1.R.C.S., L.R.c.P. of \\'or bro' Dale, narnsit:y. and 1Jr. F. C. COZLI} , ~1.I3.. ~I.R.C.S., of Herne Jla). The 'halkll~e :hield and prizes \vill be presented aj,(Jut -L(l p.m. by :'1r. C. \\'. E. Loder, Chairman of the . 'l)llt hcr11 Railway.

Ureal W t:Slt:rn. The Jinal r()und IJt the 1933 series ()f Fir t Aid ComO. }>l'titll l1b to()k place In the General .:\LLcting Roo1l1 at 1'addington on Friday, .\pril 28th) and f r0111 9.30 a.Ill., \\ hen the rllnte~ts C0Il11l1L11ced, the \\ ork oi the competingtca Il1~ \\'a~ \\ alchcd ",ith Interest by many spectator', Including the Chairman, the \Tiscoullt Churchill, \\ ho i' J'r\.'siclL' l1l II i the (;.\V.R. ,\mi>lllancc Ccntn.', Lady Churc hIll, and I )ircclnrs and Officcrs or lhe Company. The Team Test \\ a j l1dged hy Dr. L H. ?\Iaclean, of : . . ;\Iary'~ ll()~l)ltal. Lundon .. ami the Intii\'idllal Tc·ts ,y Lieul.-l'td. F. .\. Brouks. Lord "h u('(:hIlI pre idcd at lhe llb cquent proceedil1 gs \\ hleh l"IJ1l11llL'ncL'd ahout 3.30 p.m. and prefaced 11 addrl''':-; by ask1l1g Ihc Ambulance Centre ~ecretarYT :'llss C. [\. >\ul l T to al1l1ounce the re ult of the Competltlll11, "hich \\a a follo\\ : 1, Directors' Shield and 1st JJ nzes , Cardin X e\\ to\\ 11; 2, 'a nel Cup and 2nd Prize, PCJ1H) p()ol Road; 3, ~'\\'illdon; -1-, Li keard; 5, outh LamlJl'lh; 6, \\ 'C) 1l1outh ch'anced; /, Purton; 8, \V eymouth Beginners. Lord Churchill congralulated the winning teams, and al'o cLlmplimenlcd the \Veymouth B. team on havin o ' a.lla l11ed lhe highest number of mark ' in the Beginners' llass in the C.\V.R. Compelitioll, and \\'inniI1O' the .. Bu.tt" Chalknge Bmd. His lord hip had a word of speCIal commendation [or the" palient ' " \\'ho had acted 1Il thc tc t . The presentation "\' cre made by Lady Churchill, who also distributed Gold, ilver and Bronze Mcdals and Special Certificale granted by the Company to membe rs of the taff who had performed exceptionally efficient ~r t aid during the year 1932. The recipi ents were as lollo\\' : Gold Medal Award, Joseph Coldicott (Underman), Small IIeath ; Silver Medal Awanl) Alfred Price (Hydraulic Repairer), Cardiff Dock; Bronze Medal ~wa.rd, Archibald W. Jordan ( era'cant), Barry Docks; Sertlficate Awards, George W. Abbott (Lad Porter), Iangbourne; Henry Jones (Porter)) Barmouth; John B.

IIassell (Clerk), \V est Bromwich; Albert G. Long (Shunter), Landor e; Edward F. C. Han"ey (Labourer), Reading; George -:'lichael (Relief Shunter), Quaker\ Yard; Emlyn L ewis (Sub-Ganger), Taffs \Vell; \Villia m V . Lambou rne (Police Constable)) Swindon; Alfred R. Hillier (Lad Porter), Chipping Sodbury; Thomas J. \,yilliams (Porter), Penrhiwceiber; Albert . Hubbard (Porter ignalman), ~1ilford Haven; Evan Jones (Station Foreman), Abercynon; Philip Fletcher (TraYClling Ticket Collector), Birmingham, Snow Hill. PEXZAxcE.-The Annual Competition for the "Robins Bolitho" Challenge Shield, open to G.\\'.R. teams in \,,"est Cornwall, was held at Penzance on April 20th. Dr. J. G. Morgan, of Liskeard, adj udica ted, and the contest was watched with interest by a large number of spectators. The re nit was as follows: 1 Penzance, 931 mark ; 2 Truro A., 7M; 3 St. Ins, 76; -1- Truro B., 59. ~lr. J. F. Anstey) Assistant Traffic ~Ianager, preided oYer the subsequent presentation, and the Shield was presented to the Penzance team by the ~layoress of Penzance, ~lrs. J, 11. ~leek. The guests and team\'.er e entertained to tea by ~Ir. and ~lrs. ~lorri and the la tter responding to a \"ote of thanks) made fitting reference to the 10 s sustained by the Ambulance Movement in \Ve t Cornwall in the death of ~lrs. Robins Bolitho, \vho had taken so keen an interest in Fir t Aid activities. ---- .

- .----

London, Midland and Scottish. The Ambulance hield Final Competition was held on April 2 th at the ~lidland Grand Hotel, London. ~il1e team competed, many former winner being ab ent, ha \'ing been beaten in the prelimina ry rounds. The judges were: Dr. G. D. E. Tullis, ~1.B .. Ch.B., of Hereford (Team); Lieut.-Col. \\' . Archibald, ~1.D., D.P.H., of Luton (Indiyidual) and Dr. T. O\"de i\lcKenzie, ~I.B., Ch.B., :\I.R.C .) L.R.CP ... of methwick (Viva Voce). On this occasion the Team Te t \Va well stagcd and represented a railway station platform with train and refre hm ent bar. Thi greatly a i ted the teams in lheir work. The test et wa : "Th e members of the team arc perfomlinO' ordinary duties on a way ide station. No. 3 of the team (a mechanic) has gone to an adjoining garage to tighten up the exhau t of a motor lorry. The Guard of a passenger train, which ha jut arri\'ed, ru hes to the team and tells them that he ha di conrect a woman in a compartment eviclently in terrible pain and he a ks for help. Time allowed 20 minutes." On arri\'al the team found the woman on the floor, holding her abdomen and groaning. Dark blood was issuing from the calf of the right leg. From a telegram found on the patient they were able to a certain that she \vas a lady doctor. In her attache ca e were the following articles: bottles of iodine, aspirin tablet, corrosi\'c sublimate tablets, 1ysol tablets, two triangular bandage, roller bandao'e, a packet of lint and a roll of cotton wool. The story of her accident was that she took what she thought \\J e re two aspirin tablets but owing to the

FIR S T

2 90

bad light had swallowed corr,osive su~limate t~blets. The wound on the leo' was ruptured vancose vems. Repeated calls to No. 3 having no effec~ he is f~und under the lorry and suffering from concu sIan su tam.ed as a result of a spanner slipping and consequently stnkino- his head against the chassis. b The Indiyidual and Viya Voce Tests were conducted in private. Throuo-hout the day a good number of spectators were prese~t and followed with great intere t the work of the yarious teams. Mr. W. A . Stanier presided at the presenta~ion meeting which followed the Competitions} and It. grea~ly encou raged the Company's First Aiders t? n~tlce qUIte a number of senior officials present and tak111g 111terest 111 the work. 1\1r. G. S. Hill} General Ambulance Secretary, announced the result as follows: I, 1ayfield (l\Ianchester), 385i marks; 2} Liverpool D.G.M.O., 38-1- ; J. Carlisle, 36-1-l Other placing's were 4} Blythe Bridge, 36-H; 5.

A I D.

May , 1933.

London and North Eastern. The Group Competition 'vvas held on T\tesday} May 9th in the Board Room at 1\Iarylebone StatIOn. , Four teams, representing the four Centres, competed. the judge being Lieut.-Col. F. A. Brooks, l\I.D. Amon a those who witnessed the proceedings were ),[r. \Villi a~n Whitelaw (Chairman of the Company), M~. McLaren ( ecretary to the Company), 1\1r. II. II. Halllday ( i tant to the Chief General Manager), 1\'Ir. ~. Bell (A t. General 1\lanager), ~lr. G. F. Thurston (DI\·. General Manager outhern Area), Dr. 1cBride (Medical Officer), Col. G.' S. E. \Vebb, D . . C? (Police Chief), ~Ie r. T. O. Meil1, C. Tack on, T. ~ mlth and \V. Goodley (Ambulance Centre Secretaries) and ~1r. Rafton (. ecretary, Special Ambulance CO\l1J1litLLC). 1\1r. W. Goodley (Group Competition ecretar)) announced the resul ts . as foll()\\ s: I, IIarwich and

Mrs. Glynne Roberts presenting the Championship Shield to the l\layneJd (l\ lanche ter) team. Preston} 363!; 6} Llandudno, 3-!-4-1; 7, Accrington, 33n; 8, Bolton, 338~; 9, Dublin, 328~. The first two teams will represent the L1\LS. at the Inter-Railway Final, and the same teams, with the. addition of Carlisle, represent England and Wales m .the International competition to be held at Glasgow agamst the three leading teams of the Scottish L.M.S. First-Aiders. Mrs. Glynne Roberts} wife of the Secretar,Y of the Company, graciously presented the challenge shIelds and individual prizes to the competitors and also small tokens of appreciation to each of the District Ambulance Secretaries.

---._.---The Mayor and Mayoress of Plymouth (Alderman and 1\1rs. R. R. Oke) attended a concert at the Gaumont Palace, Plymouth, on Sunday, April 23rd. fhl? proceeds were in aid of the Stonehouse Ambulance Station Building Fund.

Parkeston, 239 marks; 2, Dukinfield 'Norks, 195~; 3, IIull Police, 191 ; 4, Leeds Central, 175. The first two teams will therefore represent the Company at the Inter-Railway Final, and also England in the L.N.E.R. competi tion against Scotland. Mr. W. Whitelaw proposed a yote of thanks to t~e Doctor, and wished the winning teams every success 111 future competitions. NORTH-EASTERN AREA.

The Hesleden Class held their Annual Social on April 21st, when a large gathering took part in a Whist Drive, followed by a Dance. . . The awards obtained at the recent exammatlOn were presented by Mrs. Ayre, whi lst Mrs. Young presented the whist prizes. Among those present were Dr. R. Russell, his mother, Mr. W. A. G. Russell, Miss Russell} Mr. Geo. Jackson

May, 1933.

FIR S T

(General Ambulance Secretary), who thanked the ladies for their help, Mr. J Willis (District Secretary), Mrs. Willis, etc.

G. N. SECTION. LEEDs.-A Supper and Smoking Concert arranged by the Leeds Central Ambulance Class was held at the Victoria Hotel, Leeds, to commemorate the "Officers' Cup" being brought to the West Riding District for the first time. ;\1r. D. Gracie (District Supt.), Mr . C. F. Read (Chairman, \Vest Riding District Ambulance Committee), Mr. F. Longbottom (District Ambulance Secretary) and 1\1r. II. Crowther (ex-District Secretary), were present, along \\ ith a good gathering of class mcmbers aJld friends. J\1r. Gracie made.; a speech congratulating the team on their acl1ien:I11l:l1t and \vasupported in these remarks oy 11r. Read and ':\1r. erO\\ ther. The latter gentleman presented the awards to the class members gained at the n;cl:l1l annual cxamination, and in the course of his remarks laic! particular c;tress on the excellent work per-

A I D.

291

The judges on this occasion were Dr. J. R. Hamerton, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., ;\1. B. , B.S., of IIerne Bay and Dr. J. P. S. Ward, M.RC.S., L.R.c.P., of Tavistock (team) and Dr. R. B. Dltncan, 1\I.D., M.B., B.S., of London (Individual). The Team Test was as follows:The members of the team are supposed to be waiting at the corner of a street in a trange town for their companion (No.5) who has left them with the intention of going to a letter-box close handy to post a letter. En route, the companion's attention is dra\\ n to a quarrel which is going on between a man and a woman, and in endeayouring to get out of the way of the latter he slips on a piece of orange peel. As he does not return the team go to investigate, and find him seated on the pavement outside the open front door of a house. Examination will disclose the fact that he has sprained his right ankle, but has no other injuries. )Jo. 5 is expected to make knowll to the other members of the team the possibility of trouble in the house, and on looking through the open dIJor of the house a

II or ham r\'o. 1 team receiving the Directors' Challenge Shield fr0111 :\lr5. Cox.

formeu hy the cIa ' and tcam trainer, 1\1r. W. Thompson, 'tation Foreman, Leeds CentraL The follO\\ inO" con tituted the team :-G. C. Bell (Captain), T. Roddy, J. Ramsdcll, II. Turner, F. Hopkinon, F. Pearson (reserve).

Southern. . As is usual at the final Competition of the Southern Rallway, competitors do not have to visualise their surroundings and this year's Competition held at Southern HOll se , London, on Friday, April 28th} was no exception. The scene of the team test was a road and a house, complete with furniture and fittino-s} and were excellently staged. To allow spectators to follow the working of the team more clearly the walls of the house were roller shutters and these were raised when the teams went into the house.

man is disco\'cred lying on the stairs. Round his neck is a noose with the long end broken, whilst the other end remains attached to the landing banister. Following a quarrel v,ith his wife he is supposed to haye attempted suicide by an overdose of chlorodyne, (bottle to be discovered in bath room) preparatory to hanging. The available members of the team were required to treat and provide for the after care of the two patients whose injuries were:o. S.- Sprained right ankle; 1\Ian.-Ce ation of breathing, Chlorodyne poison, concussion, great s,\"elling involying the left ankle-to be trealed as a fracture. The Test was one in which the patients were prepared so as to render questiolls to and answe rs by the Judge unnecessary and superfluous-an ideal which makes competitors remember the eight points of the St. J ch;; Cross. Col. G. Szlumper presided at the subsequent prize

FIRST

292

di triblltion and :\1r. E . .A. Richards announced the rcnIts a follows:1 i.-Hor ham X o. 299 marks 2nd.-"\Yatcrloo .. I\ " 272 3rd.- Horsham Xo. :2 2-1-1 " ..+th, "\Yaterloo .. E," 239,!: 5th, Bricklayer' _\rms :\0. 1, 223~: 6th. A hiord "\\"ork .. A." 21M; 7th, A hford _ tation Xo. 1. 1 7; 8th, Barn taple. 1761: 9th 'outhampton Dock .. E." 167: 10th. Yeoyil .( B," 1-1-3; 11th. olllhampton" A," 137; 12th. Xe"" Cross Gate 1'\0. 2, 13M. The Dire tors ' Challenge hield and indi\' idual prize' \\'e re pre ented to the uccessiu1 competitors by 11rs. Cox. wife of the Traffic :\lanager. The Judges commented on the work done during the day and pointed out yarious slips made ·by the competitors.

---. _ .---

Scottish Railways. The 21st Annual Competition for the cotti,h Rail\yay , Ambulance ~ hielcl \yas held at the ~'t. Andre\\'s Ambulance A sociation Headquarters, Glasgow on :\1ay 5th. The Arbiter \\"ere: Tran port. Dr. J. Drysdale Glai ter. Glasgow; Practical "\York, Dr. J. \\'ilson, Gla go,,'; General Knowledge. Dr. A. Angu Hamilton] Edinburgh. Eight teams competed (four L.:\I. . and four L. & :\.E.) the re'ult being: 1, Dundee \Yest (L.:\I. .). 26-t~: 2, :\10 end (L.:\I. .), 363i; 3, Edinburgh, \Yayerley (L. & X.E.) 260:}; -1-, Dundee, Tal' Bridge (L. & )J.E.), 259. :\Ir. J. Calder. General ::\lanager for Scotland of the L.X.E.R., presided and pre ented the Shield and ~lcclal to the ""inning team.

Canadian National Rail ways. M o re than 1,000 First Aid youchers, label and medallions were issued to Canadian National Raih\'ays' employees who passed thei r re .. examination during the pa t year, it. wa announced at the annual meeting- of the Canadian X ational Raihyays' Council of the S.J.A.A .. Canadian Branch, held at Canadian 1'\ational Headquarters in :\lontreal under the chai rmanship of )'1r. A. J. Hill. Tn 1932 there were 132 First Aiel classes in exi tence on the System and 1,893 per ons " 'e re instructed in First Aid, 766 pas ed the first examination. During the year 2,160 lectures were giYen to an aggregate number of 21,665 persons. According to the annual report lllc leaching and practice of First Aiel \\'a steadily maintained during the year and. haying regard to th e unusual conditions preYailing the results of the year's work were considered satisfactory. The Tn tructors and the employees who deyoted their time and interest to First Aid studies wcre highly commendcd and tribute was paid to the able dircction of the "w ork under Dr. John l\lcCombe, Chief Medical Officer, and A. O. Beck, Director of First Aid and Accident Prevention. The report expressed regret at thc rctircment of Dr. Cha rles A. Hodgetts. former Dircctor General of thc Canadian Branch of the Association after many years of actiYe and useful sen'ice and extcnded a hearty welcome to his succe sor Col. Lorne Drum. " TH E PLUMBER « JuURNAL OF HEATING, :' monthl y) is THE paper for all pro2'ressive trade smen -· Publlshln2' Office : ~6, Cannon Street E , C ...... IS.

A I D.

May, 1933.

The Royal Life Saving Society. the preceuing articles \\'c h;1\"e dealt \\·ith the met.hod which l1lU t. be applied for releasing oneself from the clutch of a drowning per on and for carrying in the water, al 0 the application of Resu citation. It i no\\' propo. ed. to take a series of questions put to candidate, entering for the Bronze l\ledallion exaillinatil'n of the Royal Life aying Society, anu 10 gin; t.he ans\\' rs in full. It is thought by adopt.ing- this procedure that useful information ,yill be com'eyed to readers and will al 0 be helpful to intending candid~te for the ociet) 's award. Question 1. -Ho\\' would you approach a drowning person? .\nswer.-The best. wa: to approach anyone in danger of drowning is from the back. There is a great risk from t.he clutch of a drO\\"Iling person unless the rescuC'r has heen properly in tructed ho\\' to affect a release. It i" u nd . irable to approach from the front, hut it is nccessar: to kno\\ \\ hal 10 do if face to face with a uro\\"ning person. If lhi late of things be un,woidable the person in dio.; .. tres should be gm. red Ilrml~' and tUrl1u.l on hi" hal k, \\ hell he ",ill probably gi\'e up hi..., truggles a'> snon a'> he finds him elf support d and able to breathe frl'Cly, and submil quickly. The rescuer may, however, find him:elf sl'izu.l h\' th drowning per on, \\'110 ",ill probahly not kt !-;O until f:)rceu to do so. If this should 11apP(:11 there J1111 ·t be no '>Lrurk to use any mean neces ary to obtain rclea...,e. It i absolutely necessary that the rescuer should take full advantage of kno\\ leuge of the water and kl'l p u ppl'rmost. This will be of material "en·ice as it will " 'eaken thl..' dro\\-ning person and make the dilTicult!· of gllling" ,\\\'<I} much ea ier. Ouestion 2.-1 it neceo.;sar\" to rl'IllO\'e \ oLir garlm..:nts befor~ attemptin~ a rescue? If ~o. ",hat cia. ; of g;lJ'l11l'nts ? . \ns\\'er. It is a matter of jlldg"l'l1lcnt \\"}1I..'l11l..'1 till' rescuer, before entering- the water, should n .' l11o\·(; a rortion of his clothing. If the drowning- person is l)n the slIrLlce and clo e tn the shore the [('SellCr \\ ill prohabl! be in the water for a yery short t.il1le ; therefore there is no nL'l'd to remove much clothing, for although it Ill<l) somewhat impede his movements yet the clothes bein~' inilakd with air \\ ill as ist Ooating until s1.turat.ed ",ith water. It is ad\ isahle to remove as much clothing as time will rermit. Comll1ence with the boots and hea\)" garl1l nt!:>, which arc the chief hindrances to will1I1ling hut u e judgment as a monlL'nt's delay may mean the loss of a human life. Ouestion 3.-\\'hat cau es an insensible bod\' to ink in t.he ,,:"'ater? Ans\\"er.-As soon a in cnsibilit.\' occurs the ludv sinks altogether, owing to loss of air in lh~ lungs and the a~cumu .. lation of water in the stomach. The g-eneral belief that a drowning person must rise three times before h sinks finally is a fallacy. The que lion whether he rises at all, or how often he does, depe'1ds entirely upon circuillstances. Question +.-1\ per on ha ju t sunk to the boUom of lhe water. How "w ould you judge the rrobable po ition of the body in (a) running water, (b) still \vater? Answer. - In some cases it may be t.he drowning- person has sunk to the bottom and does not rise again. Bubbles may rise to the surface, gL\'ing some indication of the position of the body. I n still water t.he bubbles ri e perpendicularly; in running wat.er t.hey rise obliquely, so that lhe rescuer must look for his object higher up the stream than where the bublJles appear. Reillember also t.hat. in running water a body "w ill be carried along, and musl be looked for in a straight line in which lhe current. is running, but t.he rescuer should waste no time before attemrting to find the body.

FIR S T

May, 1933.

Question 5. On finding the budy, how would you r~lise it to the surface from (a) a gravel bottom, (b) a soft muudy bollom ? Answer. (a) On reaching the drowning pC'rson who has. unk to the bOllom, seil.e him by the head or shoulders, place t.he feft foot on the ground and the rig-lit knee in lhe small of his back, then gi\'e a vigorous rush and swim 10 tbe surface by the hack stroke. (b) If the bottom should prO\'e to }1<" l1luddy, lhe rescuer mu t under no circumstances put his foot. or leg into the ll1ud, but., having grasped his subject, hold him \\'ith one arm, with his back lowards you, lhen using the other arm and the back stroke swim to the surface. Quetion 6. lIow would it be best to act where there is a strong t.ide or st.ream ? An\\'er. Re cuers mu t at all times be goyerned by circumstances, using their judglllent as to which method they will adopt in com'eying the drowning person to shore, can..' should be taken to (l\'oid wasting strength hopelessly against an ad\erse tide or stream; rather iloat with it, gradually making for shore Ol11e\\ hat across the direction of the current until a boat or ot.her aid may arri\·e. :'\lHE. The cntral Executi\'c of the J~o\al Life. a\ in'" 'tKiety \\ ill al\\'ays be pleased ll) arrange for"" a Le"turer t.~ \isit an) L'nit of the ~t. John A.mbulance.\ssociation, oran\" ~il11 ilar l'r~ilni:>atiol1 to give Lccturl's and Demonstrations l~f thei r f1ll'llh)u" of . H\ int; Life from DrlH\'ning and the arpli .. l'al illn of the S( h,lfer :\letlwd of Resu . citation.

Reviews. Ql'I~STIO\','

.\\'D \:'\ WER 0\' BR1G.\DE REGl·L.\Tll)\, Pn'stl)n : S.]. .\. B. District Ollicc, 3<), Fishergate. Pn(t .,d.

Thc :'\ I). I \. District l)f t hI..' Bri.raLle Ita ... al\\'ars been note u fM <.·ni~· il!nc~ anu <"l1thusiasl11.:-' That it is til-Ion the .dl!Jt, is.rrm·l..'n b J the recent i "ue of an accurate, neat and \ 'l!ll pnntl'u r,lmphlel ('tting forth 100 Que. tions and . lls wcrs L) 11 Brigade and Drc. s Regulations. This ha been uone to a~sist candidates for promotion and nl)t ",ith the idea ll f supplanting Brig-,lde and Drl's~ Regulatil)ns. Indeed, it \\"o~l d c.~ekatt~le ohjects of the examinalion for promotion to 0l11cer If candldatc. were tested only on their knO\dedcre of t hI..' contents of the pam phlet. :'\ e'Yerlhelc:-.-,. the bo~k let ",i ii sen'(' a most us ful purpo e, more especially a a means f?r self-catechisation during re\·ision pre\'iL1us to examination ; and furlher it has been appnwed h) the Chief 0111III isioner.

TH E

LL 1C.-\ L .\SPE T OF H RO:'\ Ie POI Oi\ I;\G BY .-\LL'.\IIN1C;\1 Ai\'D IT ALLOY. By Leo pira, l\1. D. London: J nhn Bale, Son & Danielsson, Ltd. Price 2S. 6d. nt'!.

This booklet contain the obsen'ations of Dr. Spira, which Prof. Dr. Hans II' Ie) el, (nlversll)' of Vienna, III a fllrc\\'ord tate th<'lt ~e author ha made a "ery careful medical tudy of a disease plC'lure which exhibits con ide-rable \'rJriety <'lnd yet on tile 'whole, pres('nts a uniform complex of cl;roni - si(~'l1s and sympt 0111. 13 Y systematically . . examining" <'lll the :-.po sible causes, Dr, Spira has recogn-isecl, a a h'itherto hardly con-

~l\'~ e~te..nded.O\ cr. a perio? of 1~ }·ears.

A I D.

293

sidered . ource of this chronic poisoning, the use of aluminium ut.ensils in the kitchen. Those ot t.he medical profession who take intere t in such \Vork will f:nd lhis booklet interesting and educational.

Competitions from a Competitor's Point of View.

TIlE Editor has been publishing some articles written by well - known judges \\'hich are most helpful, but it seems to me that a few experiences as a competitor, showing the kind of judge and competition that we, the victims of their efforts, appreciate or dislike, might also be helpful. Certai n I y the organ isation and preparation of competitions in our own County and District is usually on a high scale, and we ar~ luck'>' in havinCT . .. b several Judges who approach the ideal. But we have others, too. I would like to suggest with all due respect, that judges would learn a lot lf they would get together and go th rough a test as corrl'peti tors. ~ 0 one can understand the difficulties that arise until they have studied both sides of a question; and so far the competitors side has not been touchcd on. . }'Ia y I suggest to Judges first that they speak aud i bl Y ? \Vomen judges are the worst offenders here-but ~ot the only ones. I \\'ould lo\'e to put pads of halr over the ears of some judges, cover these with cap strings and a fairly close fitting cap, and then I11U rm ur questions to them . I wonder how much they would hear. The fear of not ilearinCT a que tion, or of misunderstandinCT it throuCTh guessing at ",hat is indistinct, certai~ly ddds b to one's already nervous state. Then t-here is Lhe judge at the other end of the scale, \\rho shouts out his answers in a maCTisterial tone. He make'3 you feel like a prisone~ at the ~ar, wi~h an opposing barrister trying to trap you I n a m I take . Really you need the "comforting ::tnd soothing words" more than any patient! Far and awa~T the most objectionable judCTe- and I have suffered t\\'ice from this t\'pe-is th: one \\'ho enjoys the limelight and make"s facetious remarks. " Is there anything in the patient's mouth ?" and the rep ly" Only his tongue and hi teeth' may amuse his ~u~ience, but is hardly a helpful answer. ThIS Judge has mis ed his vocation . ~ ext in un popularity is he "who tells you halfway t?rough your trea.tment-\\,hen you have very late dIscovered ome Vital fact, such as cessation of breathin o '- " Your patient is dead; but carryon you may pick up some marks . " You feeI' it i~ useless; your competition is spoilt; and if you do get a ,CTood place by means of individua l tests, you

294

FIRST

and the other teams feel dissatisfied with the results, and you vow-no more competitions . Lastly, an unpopular judge, more frequently met with, is he who has only visualised one way of treating his case, and has written his marking sheet to correspond with his thoughts. This judge, asked a question out of his preconceived order, keeps you waiting while he searches his markino' sheet for the answer. You fee l like hitting him, or finding his place for him. You go away with the impression that he has missed marking some of your points, or that they never entered his head; and though sensible and practical, are valueless . Borrowed tests improperly studied often cause similar trouble and loss of time. One quite realises that judges have to learn (do they always realise how much 7), and obviously for the" Finals" in London every care is taken that all possible eventualities are anticipated . I know it means more work for already busy people, but I am certain that many experienced competitors will agree with me that it is essential that the papers for important competitions, such as County and District eliminating, should be "vetted" by a committee of two or three experienced judges. My own Division has suffered on more than one occasion from the fact that a judge, doctor or sister, has prepared a paper that has left out many essentials. \Ve did the work, but obtained no credit. One last" grouse." \Vhy do judges often give so little notice tIl storekeepersand other officials of material and personnel required? And why does one have to wait while a frantic search is made for something asked for and not provided 7 Onl y recently a team test stated that it was raining hard when the "accident" happened. Mackintoshes and umbrellas were asked for by the captain. One small piece of mackintosh, a yard square, was produced; a search among the audience produced no umbrellas. When it came to preparing the bed, the piece of mackintosh was taken from the patient to put in the bed. Marks were lost because the patien t was not covered with blankets! In an individual test, a dose of castor oil was to be prepared. There was no lemon, and water had to be used, poured out of a bedroom can! Further comment is unnece~sary and, perhaps, unprintable! To end on a more cheerful note. One has met many a judge who approaches the ideal. He appears pleased to see you, though you may be the umpteenth team. He somehow inspires you with the feeling that he is there to help, not trip you up. He is near the captain and out of the way of the team; he answers promptly, audibly and briefly. IIe knows his test; it is realistically staged; the injuries are obvious if you are observant. His actors know their job, too, and you feel you are getti ng a sq uare deal. He is usually will -

fay, 1933.

A I D.

ing to clear up any difficulties in a very brief speech at the end of th day . A vote or thanks to him is no mere po li teness, it is genuine. Thank goodness there are judges like this.

The Ubiquity of Arsenic. TIlE last twelvemonth has been

singularly prolific of arsenical poisoning cases under odd circumstances . Late last year there were the curious fatalities of two children dying from the volution of arsen ious oxide ina suD1ciency Lo be fou nd in the atmosphere of the house. ;rhe int rest of it was that the dam p wall plaster aided the growth of moulds, but for which the arsenious oxide would never have been relea ed from the papering . Then more recently, what might have be n an awkward contamination of the wrappings of im ported sheep-carcases by the dri ppi ngs f rOIll hides on the voyage, \\ as discovercd at Bristol. And, finally, the ontinental pres ' has had -ensational accounts of the wholesale poisoning of French seamen [rom tbe drinking of wine smuggled from a ~ panish sour c . Over 300 needed treatment in hospital, at lea.i t tw dying, and analysis showed the presence of on~iderabk quantities of arsenic in the remainder f the wine that they t like all French sai lors bad as a ratil)n. Various theories to account for - uch an intrusion were advanced, thc most plaLl~ible being that the arsenic was contained in the sugar u -cd in the preparation of the deadly beverage. This French experience recalls our own far greater tragcdy of a generation ago, when at Liverpool in 190 I t over b,OOO persons fell victi ms to arsen ieal poison i ng with 70 dying, from the drinking of be r pr pared from potato-starch by means of impure sulphuric acid. As chemistry tells us arsenic is Nature's favourite and ubiquitous impurity and \\e should be ready to meet with it in tbe most unexpected places.-Medical vVorld.

The sum of £21 17s. 10d. was collecled on the occasion of the Rag day of the Monmouth S.].A. B.

The first annual tea and social of the Finedon Division, S,J.A.B., was held on Tuesday, r\priI18th, in the Gladstone W,M.C About 100 persons were present, in cluding representatives of the Urban District Council.

FIR S T

May, 1933.

fetters

the

We are in no way responsible for the opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondents. -

EDITOR.

CADET OFFICERS. SIR, Jn the ,\pril is"ue of FIRST Am, under Letters to Editor, 1 read ., Cadct OfTicer's "letter with some intere l. I would draw our friend's attention to the Brigade Orders dated 12-12-32, ~n \\ hich, [3. O. 62+ gi\'e full details governing- the ~tatu. of Cadet Ofll ce rs. To, yuote an extract: « Duringthe, time they hOl.d .s~ch app01l1tment they \"ill he considered Ofllcers of the 1)1\'ls lon supernul11erary to estahlishment." The g-reall' . . t dilliculty arises when Cadet Officers desire to undertake public duty, because as upernullleran oflicers ~hL) lHn'c no exccuti\'e control, and, therefore, if a 'sergeant IS pres,ent he \\ ?uld be entitled to take charge over the head of a Cadet Ofllcer, \\' here it can he arranaed a Cadet Olll:cr . . 110 lid not undertake puhlic duty, ex~~pt'in ch~rge llf adete; ac; l11L'Ssengers, unless of course he holds sub"ta nti\'c :'lnl~ in the f)i\ision higher than the :\.C.O. or ~lellllll'~-ln-Char~c, There is 110 question as regards uni(,)("In, Clud Ofllcer ' should wear Ofliccr's uniform at all 111lll:S and, \\ hen parading \\ ith thl' adult Di\ ision should I til in as :->u]1u'JlLllllcrary. ' Hllping- this \\ ill b~ of interest to all adet OlTicers who hay\.! any douht ,t rq~ards their position. Yours faithfully. ' J l)i\',\S D,\\'E :->polu, ,\mbulance Ollicer, ,\lsager Di\. f)E ,\I{

[)".\I~ Sll~,

. I was k\.!\.: nly il1(ln~ . . ted in the letter l)f "Cadet Ofncer" In ~:tst ~1)l)nth''o I'ms! .\11). ;\1) llpinion i' that a Cadet ~)nll-L.r I~ trl'atl'J 7,,'/'1' 1/}~/ilt'r, He has the trouble of train1I1g' hiS C Idels (a Pllsilion \\'hich I can ider i of aerious nature ilS thcir .training- \\ hill! lads dcpenu on the kind of 11111 th,e), g[(l\\' Intll). He must be able to join in a[1\'thir<r they \\'Ish . and :uJ::pt himself to ,Ill their ",ishe , in- oth~~ ~ ()r~:-. ~1~ I~ the~r Idl)l, II~ h.as hi., ~xalllination' to pass I,d 1-. IS'oLll:U With a COI11I11I . . "lon, but not recogni oed a an v l iler e'd-ept h hi ... Cadds , \\'ears an. Onicer'~ unifurm one day when with his LlUlls, anc,l IllS other \yhen \\'ilh a cnior Divisiun. I t11CI:C, anythlllg' l11or~ ridiculou'i than a man holding the t\\'o 11l1Sllll1n~ and unifll rl11,,; wearing one one day anJ\he other a nothc r! \\'hat a gOl)d nth'crt for the pul;lic who are always rcady to critici . . c, I often yi i( our Cadet Di\'i ion and ~ee .t~le hard :'",ork put in by the Onicer, and I consider it a I O~lllo n requl.rlng ~n, i,l11l11en e amount of patience and tact. , In a cnlo: DI\'ISlon an Ollicer can leave his N. C. O. 's :11 charge, hut In a adet Diviion the Ollic r IllU t be there .IS boy.s, although kno\\"ing they have N,C ,'s would no~ work ld.;:c t,he men. They would be out for fun. I conSider a 'aclet Onicer's position is a \'e ry re ponsible llll1: ~nc1 not to be el1\'ied but pitied, It time omething' (C11l11le . , Iill'UUllr 0 f thesc 111cn, who <Ire r .\\"'lS. d'd'd Lie u Ill espcJIlsd)lc for the future Fir t Aid l11an.-Yours truly -' ,. OLD FIRST AWE[{."

THE APPLTCATION

OF TI

TURE OF

IODI

DEAR SIR,-

Major,General Sir John Duncan, K.CB., Cl\LG., C.V.G., D.S.O" Chief Commissioner, .].A.B" will be the inspecting officer at the annual inspection of No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District, to be held on June 10th on the G uarc1s Parad e Ground, Hyde Park.

' dA. certain industry has issucd at their works a tincture of 1I1e to sub t I ' its 10 issue . s t't I u e tIe .al11poul~s, and while appreciating sa '1 ~ fad to agree Wi th the wsu'uction accompanyin<Y ::, me, \.V llch are as follows '_ " Dproo . n, '1I1to and round a cut, wound or scratch 5, 10,

A I D. 15 or more drops of the iodine, according to the size of the wound j then apply a dry dressing of clean lint, gau/.e or wooL 0 attempt must be made to cleanse a wound unle s the dirt can be picked out of the wounJ or remo\'ed from round it." The instructions are contrary to the teaching of the St. J ohn Textbook I am not in fa\'our of these instructions for the reason that any Dick, Tom and Harry is allowed access to these valuable boxes and to apply treatment. Should, however, an unskilled per on render assistance there is a liability of complications, Applying the iodine directly from the bottle, as per instruction, t~le unskilled person is apt to pour the contents of the bo~tle lI1to tl~e wo~nd . without due care, which may r.e ult In further compircatlOns. Further, much iodine is liable to ?e \\'ast~d by aprlyin~ more than is necessary; in fact, the InstructIOn allo\\'s hIm to treat a major wound by perhaps pouring the \\"hole contents into the wound j and what may result? Others will get a swab of cotton wool :ln~ saturate it with iodine j thus again perhaps too much IOdll1e, an~ a \\',aSLe, and apply that way; and perhaps ha\'e another, dIp \\,I\h the sa~e swab, and so eventually the bottle will contall1 a certall1 amount of wool, which is liable to enter a wound unobserved. \\'h at difference do \\"e find in a cut, wound or scratch? urely, th,ey amount to the same thing-i,e., a wound, since the skill IS broken it is termed a wound. The in truction gi\'e dry dres ing of clean lint, gauze or wool. !"ier.e, again, a liability of causing complications by t~,e appltcatlOn of wool to a healthy persoll, The wool ~ettlng II1tO the wound, agg-ra\'ates it anJ causes inflammatlOn~ perhaps only asceptic, but \'ery probable septic, inflammatIOn mar ensue, which would then be a more serioL! ma~ter ; anu ~or this .rea:on I do not fa\'our the wool applica~lOn. I ~hlnl~ bone !tnt or gau e, impregnated with a s~ltable antiseptiC, the most suitable for application by first alders. The instruction goes on "No attempt to cleanse the \Y~und unless the dirt can be picked out of wound." There belllg no dissecting forceps a\'ailable, presumingly, then this mean we mu t u e our hngers. I think there is a (rreat d~ng~r of contamination in the use of fingers where a::' First alder IS ,concerned, ince m~ny usually ha\-e long finger nail and omIt th: use of a narl-brush, unfortunately, ,,-ith the re ult there I much bacteria thereunder, \\'hich i liable to cOlwer harmful germs and add further complications to the wound. Such method hould be a\'oided. In conclusion. I would like to hear other readers' opinions on the e in truction .-Your faithfully, \Vakefield. C GRAY. CHARGE OF STREET ACCIDENTS. DE,\.R SIR, -

In the Arril i ue of this Journ al Four correspondent " \V'lr ", seems lo resent J my criticism re the, I IIlg to ,L earn, abo\'e j ,and hiS letter 1 arcastic, " 'h ich co[weys to n1\' mind that he [S not willing to learn. _. . i\Iy critici 111 i not aimed at the general efficiency of poltcem:l1, but only at his knowledge of fir t aid in' m\' home C[ty; and I speak only of ca es that I ba\'e see~ I~anclled ~y policemen. Your corre pondent hould again I cad the !>ecol1d paragraph of my letter in the J anuary i sue of_ ~IRsr , \10, and then ask himself if he could pos ibly be efllclent under such conditions . It is .for tl:e sake of broken and suO-ering humanity that I take thl_ attItude for a higher standard of efficiency and " Robert." should be one ~of the fir t, as a fir t-aid~r to weleo 111 e 1t. ' In concl.u~ion, I ,,".ould ask why so fe\\' policemen enter open compet~tlOns, \\~h[ ch is a definite proof of the efficiency of an)' {Irst-alder. --\ ours faithfully, "EFFI !ENe\" FIRST,"

~96

FIRST

AID.

Pages.

Our Nurses COMPILED

AMBULANCE

~ay ,

f\ Iay . 193.3.

SISTER.

193.3 .

----------------------------------

FIRST

had ever before been aLLaincd by the teams ~l their competitions. I mmediately after the tea inten'al, the announcement of results and lhe presentation of awards took place, the Iayore=s of \V ymouth very kindly distributing the trophies and other prizes. The results were: 1, Exeter, 3+5 mark ; 2, Paignton, 3++; 3, Wc) mouth, 308; -I, Barn~taple, 300~ ; 5, Portland, 269 ; 6, P;lrkslone, 25R~.

?\o. 1 DlsTRlcr, S.]. .\. B. - Represelllatin's of the II\L' .-\rea of the District met at the Northampton In ' titute, London, 011 aturday, .\pril 22nd, for the District Final om petitIOn . In the \\'omen' e ·tion there were three competitions-that for teams of four for the "1\1acFadden" up and the right to repres en t the District in the Brigade Finals; a bed-making tc t for the ";\lountg-arret" Cup; and a drill and stretcher work test for quads of 12 members under an Officer for the" Brook' )) Elliciency Cup. :'IJembers of the "l\lacFadden" Cup Competition, ha\'ing pre\'iously ubmitted to indi\'idual, practical and oral te ts, had a team test only, which " 'as judged by Dr. A. Stuart, but they "'ere also marked for smartness and correctne s of uniform by Lady District Officer ;\1 r -. ;\lcCaITrc). For the te t, the team was supposed Lo be on duty at a public hall \yhell ames ag-e was recei\'ed that an accident had happened in the street outside. There the members found a man lying in the middle of the road in great danger from oncoming traffic and causing ob truction, \\'ith the bystanders yery anxious to remO\'e him to safety. The patient, on examination, was found to bc suffering from a fractured leg with slight h <e morrhage, and 11e had to be transported to his home on a stretcher, a distance of some 20 ) ards, put to bed, and his room prepared for the reception of the doctor. !\larks were alloted for speedy removal of the patient from his dangerous position in the road. In the bed-making test the competitors were required to make a bed after the mother of the patient had started to to prepare it, and to challge the mattress with her help, the patient being- now in bed. Lady District Officer ':'liss 'Walker judged this competition. The drill competition "'as judged by District Officer \Varren and Lady District Officer Miss Curtis. After all the -tests were completed, the chair was taken by the Commissioner, Lt. -Col. F. A. Brookes, 1\1. D., and the Competition Secretary, Assistant Commissioner Capt. "V. Goodley, :'II. C., announced the results as follow : " :'.IacFadden" Cup.-1, TO . 39 (Temple) l urs ing Diyision, 39+i marks j 2, No. H (Acton), 309 ; 3, TO . 3-l (Barking), 283t. " :\Iountg-arret" Cup. - 1, No. 65 (Southern R~ihY~y Headquarters), Nursing Division, 571 marks; 2, 0.;,3 (South :\letropolitan Gas Co.), 57t; 3, TO. 39 (Temple), 57! ; +, o. 15 (Ilford), 5St; 5, No. 20 (Northern Polytechnic), 49 i . Brooks' Efficiency Cup.-1, No. 64 (Ealing) Nursing Di\'ision, 157 marks; 2, No.8 (East Ham), 141 ; 3, 10. 69 (Southern Railway Corps), 127 ; 4, o. 20 ( orthern Polytechnic),113 Lady District Officer Robinia, Viscountess ~10untgar ret, O. B. E., Dame of Justice of the Order, to whom a bouquet of flowers was presented by a little ursing Cadet, graciously presented the trophies won that afternoon, and also the Nursing Bowl to A/ S H. G. Parry, of o. 15 (Ilford) Nursing Diyision. HA~lPSIIlRE CO(;NTY CO'\IPETITJO:\'s. - The final competitions of the County took place at Portsmouth, the result in the women's test being a win for South bo urne with 217 marks. The other competitors "'ere placed as follows :-2, Ieyrick, 212; 3, vVestbourne , 202 j +, Portsmouth, 191. Calmore Nursing Cadets won the competition in their section with 140 marks. For the team test; the competitors were supposed to be

returning \\·ith thL' ambulanc~ frolll a drill. They notice a crowd out ide a ~mall factor, in a busy street, and Il'arn that thcre has been ,In ~plosil)IJ. -Three lI1en ha\e escaped, partly asphyxiated, and it man is believed to be still inside. At the close of the tests, the Lady laynress of Porhmouth, !'III'S. \\ '. ,\. BilliIH~', kindly pre enLed the awards.

No. DISrRICT, .J ..\.B.-On aturd,lY, .\pril 29th, thl:! Kent County Final Competitions were hcld at antcrbu:-y. For the women's test the judges were: Team te"t, Dr. T. Nicholl, Corps Surg-eon, Dll\'er (First .\id), and ~ I r,>. Duke, NUI~ing Olllccr, JIastings (IIome ;\ursing). lndi\ iJual Practical, Dr. C. J. E\'ers, I i\' isional urgeon, F;\\ erham; :'I1iss J. A.nderson, matron of Livingslone Ilnspital, Dartford; and \1 i<;s \\' .. \<,hworlh, lalc of St. ThtHl1a<' IIl)spitdl, London . Cni fo rms, Lady District. upl. :'Ilrs \\',\lW<1<' cr and Lnd\' Di trict <JOicer :'Iliss II. ;\la\". \\\~~tg'ltc \\'on the competition \\ ilh 3< 2 m.lIks llut Llf a po siblp +60, and \\'e re ;twardeJ the" Decies" up. l ther results \\'ere : 2, Hf'fne Ba\', 35t) marks (\\"ho thu-. . . l'curcd th~ "t\Llrse~' Cup) ; 3, .\ hforJ, ,uq ; +, Gnl\l'send, 321 ; S, l'Ilaidstone, 30+.~. I n the CO~11 petition open to ;\ u rsi ng- Cadd.... of the County, l\Iaid tone gained flL t plac and the .. Rey 1101d.., " Cup with 20+1 mal"ks, IIerne r~a: coming . . ccond with 17 2~ and Ramsg-ate third with 161. II

~o. 9 District, .] .. \. D. For the Ilrst time the District Final Competitions were hcld al \\ 'C\ mouth, Oil ~atllrda\", April 22nd, when in the presencl: of ,,- distinguisi1e>d gathe-ring, including 01. C. 1. Ellis, . urgeon-in- -hid Llf the nri~ade, teams of men and women from Dorset, DeHln and Cornwall competed for the righl to repre ent their District at the Bri~ade Final.., to be 11l'ld in London on June 2nd. In the \\'onwn's comp lition Dorset \\"as represented by "Ve),mouth, Portland and Parkstone, and DC\'on by Paignton, Exeter and Barnstable. Cnfortunatel) Cornwall had no representati\·e. The Jud~es were individual te. ts Dr. \\'an.!, County Surgeon of Devon; Dr. Cooper, of \Ve)'l11outh, and l\liss Bellam), 1\latron of the Dorset County Ho<;pital, Do;cllcster. Team tests: 1\1 i. s Lamberl, l'Ilatron of the Cornelia Ho pital, Poole, and l\ l iss Bellamy. The teams were required to deal with the \'ictim of a supposed accident who had lipped while climbing O\'er a fence, causing the Run he \Vas carr) ing to explode flnd wound him. As the day wore on the size of the audience increased until some difficulty was experienced in Finding- seating accommodation. Among the officers of the Brigade present during the day as spectators were the Surgeon-in-Chief, Col. Ellis; the County Commissioner for Cornwall, Lieut-Col. Beachwood; the County Commissioner for Dorset, Capt. ] . W. White j the Chief County Ofllcer for Devon; the Lady County Officer for De\'o n, Irs. Balsdon; and the Lady County Officer for Cornwall, Mrs . Townsend. The Mayor and I\layoress of Wc:'ymouth, Capt. and Mrs . F . W. Hamblin, also attended. It was generally commented that the standard of work displayed by the teams throughout the day was higher than

I~:-;cler, as thl: winner, was awarded the "Burns" hii..!ld, and Paig-nton, the runners-up, the" Ellis" Cup . The "\\'hitc" Bowl, pre'>ented by County Commissioner Carl. J. \\'. \Vhite, for lhe best team from Dor"ct, \\'as won by \Veymouth. .\ hearty \'o le of thank.., to the ~Iayor and :\la"ol"es for slw\\'ing their interesl by attending the competition, and especially lo the :'Ilayoress for making- the pI"csentations, was proposed b) the chairman, Capt. J. \V. \Vhite. In reply, th~ ;\layM said he would like to pay a tribute t(' tIll' 1. John ,\mbulance Brig-ndl'. The \Veymoulh local autl1ll rities highl) appreciatcu its work, and the speaker mentioned the" olk carried out h\ members at the First .\id '>tation which \\as open on the \\;eyI110Ulh beach last suml11l'r. Thn'-te \\'ho took duty there deen cd \cry great thanks for all that tilL') did. "\\'~ are \'e ry proud you choe \\'cjll1outh fLlr thc Cl'ntrL' for your competitions," the ;\1 a) or Cllnt illued. .\s a sllun~nir llf the Ixcasinn, Capt. \\'hite presented till \l;lynn's.., wi-h a copyof King's IIi~toryoftheKnights Llf Sl. ]llhn ill Eng-land." ClPt. F. II. Rllliier IIeath, \lunt). urgeon for Dor et, proposL·d .1 H)te llf th,lnks to all \\ ho hac! contributed to the ,>UCl'L''''S l)f the C\ L'nt, tl) the judges, 'itc\\"ards, patienh, the l11an;H~L'l11l'nt of thL' Hotl'l Burdon, and to "fr .. \. F. Farmer, llf \\'C) 111l1ulh ])i\ i"illn. Ill' also pl)ke of the wonderful wtlrk carriL:J l)ut h) Count~· Olli el'r Dr. Bowes, the organ isillt.; SL:crct.lf\ alld lrea,>ur~r. 01. BLlck\\ ood and Dr. \\'ard hrit.:ll y repli~d. llltlnel Ellis thallkL'd \\'e\ mouth Diyision for their ho"pita lity, <lnJ cnngr,ltulatl'd ail CllncL'fned upon the efliciL'nL' Y di~played that Jay. Ilc spoke> of the good \\ork that was heing dL)nl' h) t\1cl11bcr~ of the Brigade in Dorset. Ire \\as IOllking' fOr\\ard to sl'eing the E\.etl'r teams in London, lnd wislwd t h~lll en'r) '>ucccss. 'I

Xu. 10 Dl<;TRICT, .]._\.B. The _\nnual District Compdition fL)r thl Elliston Cup " 'as helJ at Jp wich on aturda;., ,\pril 2 Q th, thL' judg-l'_ being-: Tl'a m test, Dr. Ryder Richardson and \[iss Reed (Crrord); BeJmaking, :\li s Dun<;te r. matron l)f the B('ccles Hospital; Indi\'idual Practical, Dr. Beatrice Jervis of Fclixsto\\'e. Fl)llo\\"ing- the competition lhe t nms were found to have heen plac'd in this order: 1. Great Yarmouth, who gained 265 marks; 2, ~Joka, 256~ ; 3, Letchworth, 2++.

L \;-': C \SlIIRE V .. \. D. I:-:SI'ECTIO;-':S. - The Annual Il1specof S.].,\.B. detachments in the \Yesterc ,\rpa \\'as held on ~ aturday, .-\pril 29th, at the t. John Hall, Southport. There were (weI' 300 V.A. D. 's on parade, and following a march past, praclical demonstrations of banda~ing, the ~lpplication of the Thomas Splint and nursing- sick p~ticnt In a miniature hospital ward were g-iYen, while there were exhibits of ilwalid cook ry prepared by the members. l\lajor Bailey, 1\1. c., was the Inspect ing Officer, and al the close of the inspection he said he considered that the turn-out and the drill formation \Va \'e ry (Yood indeed and for the march pa t in the re tricted -p~e they had, he thought, de en'ed g-reat credit. \ Vith the answers they gave to his questions, and the way in which they did the tasks allotted to them, particularly in the" hospital ward," he was very impressed. Their work showed that they had trOll

A I D.

297

a good knowledge of first aid and home nursing, etc. They were difficulL subjects, but lhe members had evidently studied them thoroughly, and it was very gratifying to sce such good results. Bandaging, too, was particularly \\"l:!11 done. 1\lajor Bailey said he would like to congratulate tho e present on their effici('ncy, and their patriotism in giving up their time to tllis work. It might be taken up with advantage by many other ladies who now spent their leisure in other ways. He would also like to congratulate the commandants on the \Of,.ay they had turned out, and the way they had done their work that da,'. 1\1rs. T\\'ecdle said she \~'ould like to thank lhem all for coming there that da). ':'Ianyof them had spent half the day in tra\'e lling-, and would he travelling till late that night in Mder to reach their homes. It was g od to meet together and help eacll other, and to see ",hat other detachments \\"C're doing-. \Vith regard to the School of Instruction which wac to be held in that borougb in A'Jgust, she hoped that no one \\'o uld refrain from coming, thinking he would be tied the whole day. They \\"ould have plenty of time to them eh'es in addition to receiving- \'a luahe instruction. Among- tho e who attended the inspection as spectators were Col. impson, O. B. E., T. D., Count\" Controller; ;\lr5. Twcedale, C. B. E., J. P., ,-\ si tant CO'Jnty Controller; Col. C.]. Trimble, C.B., C.;\l.G., Pre ident,-Iate County Controller; Assi tant Commi sioner E. Ralphs, J. P., 15i trict OfTrcer W. H. Gastall, D. C. ~1.; Dr. H. Riddell, :\1. D., Chairman of the Preston District; Dr. F. Blacklee, ':'1. C.; ;\1rs. HO"'ard, R. R.C., and Alderman :'Ila""dsley, Hon. Secretary of the South port S. J. A ..-\. Voluntary .-\id Dctachments of East Lancashire \\"ere in pected on Saturday, A,pril 8th, by Col. Richmond, D, S. 0., D.D.M.S., \\·estern Command. and the County Controller, Col. Sir \Villiam Coates, K. C. B. This inspection took place at Rochdale, and there "'ere about 700 V. A. D. 's on parade under :'II rs. Twcedale, C. B. E., A. R. R. c., J. P. Beside demonstrations in practical first aid and home nursing, there " 'as an exhibition of gas mark drill and, at the conclusion Col. Richmond congratulated the detachments on their general efficiency and martness. The Roche Cadet Band "'a in attendance, and pro\'ided suitable music during the afternoon.

KETTERl~G HEADQUARTERS 'CRSl~G DI\'ISION, S.J ..-\.B. - The ambulance mo\'ement in Kettering ha lost a de\'oted worker by the death of Irs. Charles peight, whicb took place at the end of la t month. She was buried at Kettering Cemetery in the presence of many member of the S.]..-\. B. of the neig-hbourhood, including Lady District Supt. :'Ilr. Harvey Ree\'es, Lady Corps Supt. :\lrs. Willis, Lady Di\:. upt. 1\1rs. Phillip, Lady Ambulance OAlcers :'Ifiss Perciyal and J\Iiss Tinkler, Lady Cadet Officer :\lrs. tevenson, Lady Cadet Officer :'IIi s Harri , and members of the Nursing Di\'isions, Supt. \\'. Dyson and Dr. and :\lrs. H. Baillie. A guard of honour \\'a . formed by the 01llcer and members of the N"ursing Di\·ision. Pre\'iou to the interment, a Requiem l\lass \"a conducted by tbe Rector, the Re\'. C. B. Luca , aL the Pari h Church. Among the floral tributes "'ere tho e from the officer and member of the K ttering Headquarters j ursing Di\·ision, and from Lady District Supt. l\Ir . Harvey Re€'Yes.

I tems (Dirisional news and compelition~, social, inte, esting duties, lectures, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/o T he Editor , FIRST AlD, 46, Cannon Sr. . London, KC4.

The "DECORATORS' & PAINTERS' MA GA ZI N E ' 8d. monthly) is THE trade paper fo r all interestecJ . Publlsbiol! Office: ~ 6. Can~oo Street , E ,C. 4 .

298

FIR S T

A I D.

May, 19.3.3.

Red Cross News. "

TAL LEY" SIIIELD

Co IPETITIONS.

The Final Competition for the above Shields were held at the \"h arncliffe Rooms Great Central Hotel, London, on \Vcdne day, May 3rd. Eight women's teams and fl\'e men's teams, winners of the Semi-Final rounds, competed. They w ere : \VmIEN: Cheshil!e/40 (Birkenhead): Herefordshire/-t (Hereford); County of L ondon/72 (Ch~lsea); \Varwickshire/44 (Leamington Spa) ; Berkshlre/ 66 (\ Vindsor); Essex/-tO (Chelmsford): Dunbartonshire/20 (Bearsden) and Morayshire/2 (Elo-in). 11E:-<: East Lancashire/33 (Longsight, I\Ianchester); Devon / l (Exeter); Gloucestershire/19 (Stroud); County of London/29 (Greem\"ich and \iVoolwich) ; and Perthshire/17 (Perth). . The Team Competitions were well staged, the settll1g

H. R. H. The Princess Royal, Commandant-in-Chief, presenting the "Stanley" Shield to Mrs. Morris Elye, captain of the Windsor team.

for the Women's Tests being a country scene and the interior of a hospital, whilst that for the Men realistically represented a street together with shops. The story of the accident in the Womcn's T est was: The team is in camp during their summer training. the camp being situat ed tcn miles from the nea rest town to which all communications, except by telephone, has

been interrupted since the prcyiou ' ni ght by a violent storm, blockino- the only road. The lIedical Officcr of thc camp was l:> spending thc preyiolls night in the. town and has been unable to return; he has, ho\\"e\"er, gn'en a telephone nnmber where he ca n be commun~cated with. in case of emergency. Thcre i a amp IIosl?ltal ope~ with full First Aid equ ipm cnt and beds for 1111110r aCCidents, etc. During thc aftcrnoon a shooting party is rcturning throuo-h thc camp and \\hcn closc to the hospital onc of the p:rty trips and accidentally discharges hi gun which hc has forgotten to unl oad. (Th is \\ as the signal for the team to step on to the. tag-c). Two mcmbcrs of thc party are hit by the charge of shot at fai rl y close range. On e is found lying on the g round bleeding lightly from the right thigh and i ,!nable to move; the other i. itling on the g-round holdinghis hands to his face, which is bleeding profusely, and complainin o ' that he cannot see. (ToTE.-The team \\as expected to telephone to (he ::\1.0. reporti.ng the ~asua1t ic and askin cy for in trllction. A reply bClllg receIved thal the cases;-' must he alTonled all possible First Aid and nul' cd in the Ho pital until the :-'1.0. can arri\'e, probably not before the next morning.) The Tnjurie. that required attention were:(1) Compound fracture of ~he middle o~ the shaft of the rig-ht femur, \\'1th laccratIOn of the soU 'part . (2) Multiple uperficial hot wound' of the Jace wIth apparent complete destruction of the left eye-h;.t11. . Time allowed for Fi r t Aid and home nm mg hClIlg 30 minutes. The men wcre set a. te't which te ted their resource fulnes~ and ob erYation, in addition to their knowledge of First Aid. The story \\ a : A Rcd Cross team, returning from duty tn Detachment Headquarters in a large town at dusk, are ju. t about to enter a cro\\ cIed thorough fare from a side street, when suddenly a cry of " Bandits" is heard. The team dashes fo rward and imullaneou ly shots ring out and a man is secn runnin p; away towards a waiting motor (ofT tag-e). Confronting the teams \\'ere two mcn \\ho had the following inj uries : Man A.-Fractured jaw, scalp wound vertex of skull unconscious. On cxamination pulse feeble and i rregular, respiration shallow, skin cold and pale, pupils equal. Man B.-Severe arterial hcemorrhag-e at left wrist with compound f racture of bones forming joint. \Vound of the abdomen accompanied by faint ness, pallor, cold clammy skin, fast and feeble pulse, sighing respiration, restlessness and thirst. These injuries 11eing caused from revolver bullets. The teams were told that there was no public telephone box within reasonable distance and the on ly equipment was a First Aid dressing box and a full 'vvate r bottle ca rri ed by the team. Time allowed 20 minutes. I t was pleasing to note how quickly the teams g ra sped the situation. Blankets could be obtained from a nearby draper's shop, plainly indicated, whilst outside a cafe was a sign intimating that a telephone may be used. The Competitions were witnessed by a large gathering during the mo rning and afternoon. H.R.H . the Princess R oyal, Commandant-in-'Chief, arrived at 2.45 and followed with great interest th e work done by four competing teams (2 men and 2 women) .

FIRST

May, 19 3.3.

At the close of the Competitions and before proceeding to tea, Presidents, County Directors and County Secretaries were presented to Her Royal H ighness. Immediatefy after tea, Dame Beryl Oliver, D.B.E., B.R.C., who was responsible for the arrangements of the Competitions, annot,.U1ced the results at the presentation meeting. They were as follows: Women-I, Berkshire/66 (Windsor), 80n marks; 2, Warwickshire (Leamington Spa), 802~; 3, Herefordshire (Hereford), 786~. Highes t Individual Officer, Miss B. Duncombe (Hereford); Highest Individual Member, Miss A. Luserna. Men-I, County of L ondon/29 (Greenwich and Woolwich), 77n marks; 2, Perthshire/17 (P erth), 749; 3, Devon/l (Exete r), 744~. This is the first time an English team has been successful in the Women's Test, teams from Scotland having won on five previous occasions and a Welsh team once. The County of London/29 (men) were successful in winning the Shield in 1930 and 1931. H.R.H. The Princess Royal presented the Shields to the winning teams, Medals to the individual members of the first and second teams (silver and bronze respecti\'ely), and a silver cup to each of the individual winners in the women's tests.

The Preparation of Competition Tests . By A. T.

LAKIl'\, M.B.

\\'lIE:-\, I am invit d to judge a competition, the flrst thing is to study the conditions and find out L'xac tly \\hat i requir d [rom the teams and the judge. Th conditions usually state that the test I con erned with the ab ility to render first aid and [he text book on whi h the teams are to be tested is ment ioned (say ~Ianual 38th edition), so the duties are Jefin-ite, and the authority is also de fi n i te o hapter 1 in the ~Ianual says :-

" In First Aid to the Injured it is essential: a. To determine the nature of the case . . etc. b. To decide on the treatmen t etc. C. To apply the treatment etc." In preparing a test and analysis, that is the method I adopt. a. I base my tests on accidents that I have actually seen and that have been treated in the first instance by first aiders. I may combine one or two, and dress them up a bit. b. I tabulate the injuries, and decide on the first aid treatment according to the Manual. c. The application of the treatment according to the Manual is the next step. The prelim inary marking sheet is very full ; based strictly on the Manual; every step marked by a reference to page and line in the book. These sheets are revised, fitted together, alte red and adapted to one another; notes are made of materials required, accessories and duties for stewards, until I have obtained a comprehensive

A I D.

299

survey of the points that will enable me to do my job to the best of my ability. At this stage, I usually work out the test myself, if satisfactory, then it is tested (with due precautions) by a team of ambulance men. By this means, I get a very definite scheme of work, and an idea of the fairness of the test, by that I mean, that I am not expecting too much from the first aiders. I never introduce pitfalls, traps or penalties. There is no need; competition teams are so obsessed by their study of marking sheets and the socalled fads of the judge that they are absolutely incapable of doing straightforward first aid work in the competition room and consequently they penal ise themselves and tum ble into pits that they have dug for themselves· It is now very simple to make up the final marking sheet and allot marks (I mark heavily because I like to have plenty of marks to go at). I consolidate the various steps and so provide myself with marks for the unexpected happenings that may occur during the test. UsualIy about this time the competitIOn secretary writes and asks for the test and my requirements in the way of staging. I dislike the 'I revue" type of test as my job is to test the competitors in first aid, and I am not interested in histrionic abilities of patients nor in providing entertainment for spE'ctators. My only concern is the patient, and I look after him; the essential accessories are always simple and effective-I state what I want and insist on getting them. The dressing up is of minor importance and does not concern me greatly, and so long as my share is alright, the competition authorities can do nearly as they like with the actual staging. Faked injuries leave me cold as they are of very little real use to the competitors and are more likely to mislead than to help them; the only interest to me is the way in which they allow the judge or other people to display their misguided ingenuity. At the actual test, it is a great help to have good stewards, and I provide written instructions for the stewards who help me so that they know exactly what is required from them in helping the judge and the teams to do their best. The present day utilisation of marking sheets for preparing for a competition and as an excuse for grum bling after the competition is useless and a waste of time and energy that would be more effectively spent in acquiring a knowledge of straightforward first aid, since marking sheets were devised to help a judge in assessing the value of the work of the competing teams-simply that and nothing more, was the late Dr. Christian's idea-and any other idea is worse than useless since only the judge can place the correct interpretat ion on his marking sheet.

FIRST

300

~ueries

and J\nswet's eorrespondents.

A I D.

containing Queries must be marked on the top left band corner of tbe envelope "Query," and addressed-FIRsT A I D, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C.4. 2. -All Queries must be accompar.ied by a "Query ::::oupon" cut fr om the current issue 01 the Journal, or, in case of Queries fn m abroad, from a recent issue.

FIR S T

May, 1933.

AID.

,301

than hy ll1l) indirect Il1l~lhoc.l. This fad a lone, lhe n~ in 111} ~1pinil111. ju-;tiril'~ til<' contentiol1 tlJat the l. JL1hn Prol1e Plessurl' .\letllOd of ,\rtili cia l R l'spiraLio n i ~ l111lrc eHic<llil1us than that l1f Schafer.

UNIFORM foraIlV.A.D.

I should like to fecI that) Oll arc right; hut, a ... I CCln nnt, 1 should prl'fL'r you to U-;l' the Schafer ;\1 'Lhod on me should the I1CL'Ll arisc. N. C. F.

Send /01 detailed prt"ce list.

~aeries will be dealt with under tbe following rules:-

fa y, 1933.

f~lll"

DETACHMENTS COMPLE1E OUTFIT FOR B.R.C.S. MEMBERS

1. -Letters

CSES 01' ROLf.rm 13 \~().\l']'. On p. 215 of the i\ursing Textbook, unclcr thl' heac.lin~' ( 'SI'S oj'th,' Rolli r /Jallda,!;'", \\'e arc informed that rolkr handa~'l'S mil\' he used to retain splints or dressings ill position'. .\s no ml'ntinn is made :1') to I1m\' tIll' b'indag-e should \1e applied in ordl'r to retain :-.plints in position, \\'ould you kiml\)' ath'ise as to the correct prll( edure to he fl11111\\ed in l1]'dl'l' tl1 rL'lain spli nls in posi ion !l)' means of a rlllk'r b:lndag"l ~

3. -The Te xtbook. to "hich lefeler(e DI;) Le nladl' n this column is the 38th 1I928) Edition of S J.A.A. Manual 0fhrst Aid.

C.-\LCIC~1

C\RGIDE I:\, EYE.

H. B. (Bardon Hill).-Please tell me how )'OU would treaL a patient \\-ho had a piece of Calcium Carbide in the Eye if you were do\\'n in a coal mine, and if you had only the first aid requisitc,) pro\'ided for us. These include burn-drcssing , \\'ound-dressings, and cold water. \\'e ha\'e 110 castor oil, oli\'e oil, glycerine or warm boiled water. Cnder the circumstanceS named, I would gently bru h away the piece of carbide ,,,ith some cotton\\'ool. Then, if the eye "'ere at all inflamed, I would close lids, apply pad of cotto1l\\'ool, lightly bandage, and forth with remo\e patient to his doctor. - 1\. COHGET FLETCHEH.

EX.-\~ll:\,ATlO"

HO\\'LER.

TUTOR and Calls revised 1933 - 6d.

G .II. (Verdun, Canada).

The rules appl) \\'hl'llwr the lilllh i.., tll be splintl'u llr not. oto l"t:tain splints or drls'-,int.:" in pl1sitil)n yllU Slll1Llld can) lln as laid down in lhctptll \,111 ~lf the ,'ursill~ Tl·,tbook. X.C F.

T. T.

(.\l1lI11<lnforJ). . Please he !-;ll(1U 1'11l1ugh tll l -"plaill cxacth whal is l1want Il\' •• Clltlt ll:>l' c1 \\\ 1I1,d." J)l'l'S the te~'11l nlL':ln a hruise ~\' ithuut hn' aking ~,f till '-kin? If so, is it possible to h,ne L'. tl'rnal arlL'1 ial hkeding with a contused \\'llund? Your l'-"pl.ltlati(ln \\ ill he greatly aprreciated.

Your leLter sug'~l'sts that you an~ Illuddling a Cllntusion" \yhich is another name f~ll a "brui~l' \\'itllllllt a "'llund" and a "contused \\'ollnd" which is a ., nlntu"il)tl with a \\'ound." As a wound is "any di\ i~illn (It Slltt parts (including skin) prl1(luced hy external \ illlLncl.: and ,lSSllciated with more or less bleeditlg," it flllhl\\ ~ that all threl' kinds of bJcedin!-; may ,tCClllllpany a l untu'->l·d \\'lluml ; hut since a contused wl)und (as the TI.-,xthollk tells )llU ~ln p. 91) is caused by "sollle hlunt instrulllent ('I' by crll~hing" 1l<1~ll1orrhage is not u:>uall) as lllarkLd ",ith a contused as \\'ith an incised wound. :\. C. F. II

:\l.R. (Cannon-street).-ln a r~cent Xursing- Examination asked a candidate \\'llY the clinical thermometer \HiS placed under the tongu~ of a patient. You can imagine my amusement ,,'hen she replied: "To keej> tlze t07?gue

at rest!" Good!

Next, ph~ase ! !-N'. C. F.

QUA~TITY

OF BLOOD 1:\

BODY.

J. H. (HulI).-Please tell us ho,\- much blood in pints is present in the ayerage adult. The Outline 0/ 'cience (p. 251) states that there are about 1+ pints, whereas ' Vanvick & Tunstall in their I'irst A id to Ilze InJured g-i,'e the quantity as 1/ 13th of the body weight. During discussion on the point, some said that 5 pints represented the correct amount. So I thought it was high time to approach you on the matter. The usual estimate, which is based on experiments on criminals according- to Kirke's flandbook of PIz)'sz'ol0/fY, is 1/ 12th to 1114lh of the body "wei;.;ht. Black's ,lIed/cal Dictionary puts the matter differenth', and states that there is 1 lb . for c\'ery 1 + Ibs. of total bod)', which in a fairly hea\')' person figures out at 12 to 14 Ibs. of blood, or 51 pints; and that a loss of 5 I bs. has been known to Cluse death. So there I leave your problem; and no\\' let us talk about first aid.- . C.F.

METllODS OF ARTIFICIAL

RESI'IRATI01\'.

C.E. (Torquay). - \Vith reference to Qucry published under above title in the April issue of FIRST AID, I suggest that more water, air, slime, mucus, grit, etc., are squeezed out of a sponge (hence the lungs) by direct application

II l' :'>IOl' RS 01,

FIl~s l' • \ II 1.

R. G . (:\ orlh hields). Herewith I ~end ) llU a ncwspaper cutting which tell" (If a r.:cent toxperiences of lhe Tyncmouth Borough Di\ i~ion, S.J .. \. R. and which \\'ill probably be interesting lo re;[cklS of FIRST .\1,). The report reads Lh LIS ; "There was no sl'riolls accident at tlIe T\ nCl110uLh coast yesterday; but one urgent call to the c~l1lbulance men had a cqltcl which was hUlllorous to cVl:!rybody except the man invol\·ed. "The reporL to lhe ambulance men \\'as that a man six foot two inches had broken his leg on the beach. \Vith prospects of a dillicult joh ahead, the first a id men rushed to their paLient and al JJrst si!-;hl were faced wiLh a particularly complicated fracture. " They then discovered thaL the man's leg- "vas an artificial one, thl.: break: being- occasioned by some rivels having come out. The palient \-vas placed in a lent which was dragged bodily nearer one of the beach approaches, '."ere tcmporary repairs were effecled. Later the man was enabled to reach his own car." Good!

ext, please! !-N. C. F.

DRUM

HEADS

Consisting of Coat, Cap, Dress, Apron , Collar, Cam bri c Cap, Sleeves, Bel t, jor

(Br oken) Post flesh hoop., post free Ready lapped head ret~rnedJ' 5 '_ & 7 / same day as receIved. / 1Tdil£1 I)' JJ1Isical Instrument Jl£1I•.'crs,

HENRY ,;~

POTTER

£4 : 1 : 6

CO,

Complete Indoor Uniform only for 27 /-

'Vest Streel, Ch:tring Cross Road,

LONDON,

W.C.2.

For ST. JOHN AMBULANCE SISTERS

ELL\i\l)

DE.\IO,\STRATICY\ .\ND C.\R:\IV:-\L. .\l1lbulance L'tlmpLlition for the "Dempster" Ambu lance Shield will take pIal'l' tll1 '-aturday, ] uly 8Lh, 1933. First threL' pri/Ls to the \'alul! of ;[10 ; if more than 20 entries, four prize~, Three special prizes \ViII be awarded to the i ndi\'iuual tlltl1pctitllr~ vaining thl! highe t number of mark (I lhide lIlL: prizl' winIling teams. Elltrie~ close Jul y 5lh, 1 '.13 Opl'n to all teams, .\s<;ociatioll or Brigade. Entry t, rm" on applil,nion tll II. IIorsfall, 30, George- treet, Eiland, Yllrks. Chl'ap farl'-; L.I'Il.S.Ry. N.B. Ellar.u Brigadc \\ ill not lllmpete.

BRI<?II~')l

1, . FI,R,'!_ \l~II~S, ",\XD, I:O P}T~L .\;\);L.\L I·LTL .\:\0 C.\RN l\AL. The Hnllll,lI 01 I, .\mhul,lnce CompetiLion for a Sih'er C hallL'ngL' Cup ,llld \ aluable ]11 izes, will he held on uturday, J UIlL' 24th, 1933. Entry illn11S and particulars on app li catillt1 tll .\mhulanCL Ol1iccr James R .. aunders, +, lndustrial'> tred, Jjrighou~l', Yorks.

Compri5ing Coat, Hot, Dress, Apron, Collar, Cuffs. Belt, Gloves, for ST. JOHN COAT.

RED CROSS APRON .

£3 : 18 : 0

NURSES' OUTFITTINC ASSOCrATION, Ltd. CARLYLE

BllLDI TG,

STOCKPORT.

London: Abbey House, \\'estminster, S. "'. r. Li, erpool 57. Renshaw Street. Manchester: 36, .King Street. Newcastle: 26, N'orthumberland Street. Birmingham: :1 Rrder Streel. Southampton: ~, Above Bar. GlasgO\N: ttl, Uni'ln SI. Abe,deen: :'II iss Gray, 25, Crown St.

(.'l~DIITrl~L

~ OY.\L II:\L1F.\X, 1.i\~IR'\L\Ry DE;\10N TRATIO 1 .\); [) G.\L.\.\ OCI.\TH));. econd ,\nnu a l O PEN , \l1lbulat1cl! 'ompelili~ln for the" .\Id. \\'hitlaker" Ambulance hielu. \ ellUL' .£.:25, and prizes to the yulue of £10, to he held at \Ianor IIeath Grounds, kircoat Green-road , IIalifa:-i., all Saturday, June 17th, 1933. Entry forms from COll1petition l'ul'tar}. l'rgl. J. \\-. Riley, 39, P eel-st r eet, Commercia l- mau, IIalirax. EnLries close Jun e 13th, 1933.

BRADFORD Ill) PIT.\L ,,-\:\11 CO~VA LESCENT FO 10.-3 'th ,,\n l1uaI Garden Pnrty and Carni\'al, \\'ill be held on <tturday, Ju ly 15th, 1933, at Li ter P ark. Ambulance comp tiLion, open Lo all England, entrance fee 1- . per team: lndi\'idual 'ur ing CompetiL ion, open only to Ambulance Sisters of Nursing Di\ isiolls of the l. J ohn .-\ l1lbulance Brigade, o. + and 5 DistricLs, ntrance fec 1s . 6d. All entries to be made to J r. J ames Bateman, bon. ec relary, 382, Barkerend-road, BradfOl'c1. Entries close Saturday, july 8Lh, 1933. ( r onday morning's posL will be acce pted ).

HOL?lIWOOD Al\lBOLANCE CLASS.-The Annual Competition for the "Grabam" Challenge Cup and valu~ble prizes will be held o n alurda)" J LIly 8th. Full partlculars and e ntry form on applicat ion to the hon. secretary, J. Cocking, "Haslemere," North W ingfield, near Chesterfield.

" 100 Questions and Answers. "

By District Offi cers J. H . Cleal, and \\'. H . GastaIl, No. of (Lancashire) District.

BROCHURE in the fo rm of Questions and Answers on Brigade and Dress Rcg ul ations to a id cand id ates for promotion in .--\mb ul ance Corps and Di\'isions . .--\ppro\'ed by the Chief Commissioner. Pri ce 3d . per copy, posl free from The Di trict S ecr eta ry, .J.A.B., 39, Fisherg-ate, Preston, Lancs .

Binding Copies of 'I F. A." KE EP yo ur Copies of FIRST AID clean and tidyhave them bound. Send you r copies for the last Volume (July, 1931, to June, 1932) and we will return same bound in an attractive case of leather cloth, with the title of the publication in gold letters on the front and side and the eight pointed cross on front, for 6s., post free. Complete Volumes can be supplied at 9s., post free. Binding Cases only, 2s. 9d. post free. Orders should be sent to DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., L TD ., 46, CANNON STREET , LONDON, E.C.4.

FIRST

302

TREATMENT OF ASPHYXIA WITH BLEEDING.

R Vi. (Birtley}.-Please tell me what should receive first attention in the case of a patient 'who e breathing i suspended (Asphyxia), and who is also bleeding from a wound, ay in a coal mine. 'With an asphyxiated patient, bleeding is not usually marked. If single. handed, therefore, you should commence artificial respiration on the spot if possible, and without a moment's delay; and this rule applies whether patient is in the open or down a coal mine, proyided that in the latter instance the external air is reasonably pure. If you have assistance, then, without relax.ing your efforts in any 'w ay, you should get your companion to dress the wound as quickly as possible. The fact that the patient is bleeding is con clusive evidence that he is still living, and stresses the necessity for beginning immediately and persevering with artificial respiration. -N. C. F. DIAGNOSIS OF FRACTURED SPINE.

R \iV. (Birtley). - In the case of a man found unconscious in a coal mine, ho\\' should we, as first aiders, diagnose the presence of a Fractured Spine? The history and surroundings might suggest the possibility of an injury to the spine; and examination might reyeal some palpable irregularity of the pinal column suggestive of fracture. In any case, y.o u, as a.n efficient first aider would not remove an unconsciOUS patIent otherwise than in a recumbent position and on a stretcher, preferably after "the help of a doctor had been obtained" (Textbook, p. 156, Rule 5). Do not forget that accurate diagnosis is not essential to first aid which stands chiefly for " prevention of aggravation of injury or condition. " - N. C. F.

CO:-:CEALED BLEEDING WITH FRACTL'RED AR;\I. T. T. (Durham). - If a 1< ractured Humerus is complicated by injury to the Brachial Artery, but without any surface wound, would you advise use of tourniquet? Otherwise, how is bleeding controlled? Please accept our thanks for solving this problem. Probably, with this combination of injuries, a tense hard swelling (or blood tumour) would quick.ly form and act as " Nature's Digital Pressure" by pressmg on the torn ends of the Brachial Artery, \\'hereby bleeding would be controlled and a tourniquet contraindicated.-N .C.F.

DETAILED MARKING SHEET

10.

37.

S. B. (Stithians} .-In the August, 1932, issue of FIRST Am there is a team test-" Detailed Marking Sheet No. 37." Patient has a ~evere bruise on his forehead, broken piece of china embedded in his right palm, and Simple Fracture of Right Patella. When found he is semi-conscious; but he immediately becomes conscious. In this test the team was allowed 6 marks for" Raise and support head and shoulders," although immediately before on Examination of Patient it was told that colour of patient's face is pale. Since the Textbook tells us in all cases of insensibility, to lower the head and raise the feet if the face. is pale, I wonder if it is wise for a first aid team to raise the head and shoulders of a patient who has a pale face, even if he does show signs of returning consciousness after a serious accident? As I have had difficulty with my class on this point, please will you help me? From the context it appears to me that the author of

May, 1953.

A 10.

the test intended to portray (1) a severe, but transitory, condition of Syncope rather than one of Shock. and (2) the rapid recovery of the patient where by .the ordln.ary treatment for Fractured Patella could be earned out WIth perfect safety. I agree that he would have made this more clear to us who read the test after the competition, if he had included in hi s d etailed sheet marks for further exami nation.-N. C. F.

\iVO UND OE<' ELBa\\' AND FI~ACTUREn ARl'Il. T. T. (Durbam).-If \,vc had Lo treat a patient for imple Fracture of Hum e rus a nd a lso for a wound on the point of the e lbow, should we keep the limb straig ht after the bleeding is controlled and the wound dre ed, or shou ld we, proceeding according to th in tructions of Textbook, apply sp lin ts and bandages for Fractured Humeru and support limb in arm-s ling, eY('~n though this po ition ca uses the wound to gape? Your expert ad\'ic will be a ppreciated . All wounds gape more or less until they are stitched or heal by g ranulation. 0 I can see no reason for modifyingthe Textbook instructions or ad\'antage in keeping the limb straight with this combination of injuries, more e peciall)' as (1) the Fractured Ann is the more seriou. injury and d emands priori ty in treatment, and (2) your treatment i . only intended to prevent aggravation of injuries .-N. . F.

HU~IOURS

OF FIRST Am.

W. F. (Bristol}.-Here is another humorou stor) fl)r your collection, which, by the way, would he appreciated in book form. ;\ mother brought for our attention her little girl, who \,va suffering from an inci;,ed wound of the hand cau ed bv a table knifc. The IIrst aider who treated the wound a ked if the cut Wel" clean, and was vastly amused when the mother replied: "OIL, yes.l It was a slaz'nlcss Imi(L .I .I" Good!

Next, plea e! !-N.C. F.

FIR S T

May, 1933.

I a m a r eg ular reade r of FIR ST AID, and I ask your help the more freely because I ha ve learned mu ch from yo ur a nswe rs to queries. From the flrst aid stan dp oint a nd provided that patient is removed in a recumbent position, agg ra vation of injury is more liable to occur durin g transport, from the Fractured Femur than from the Fract ured Skull, even though it is accompanied by Compression. Consequently the former injury demands priority in treatment. It is, therefore, quite correct, in my opin ion, to treat the Fract ured Thi gh as laid clown in the Textbook and to om it the raising of patient's head and s hou lde rs recommended therein for Com pression of Brain. - N.C.F.

303

A 10.

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY

-DIRECT FROM OUR FACTORY

•

Perfect Fit, QualIty and Materials, Correct' Details,

•

H. W. ( \\'inton}. - I should be ex.tremely obliged if you would let me have your opinion of the reason for administerin g .\lcohol to patient suffering from the Bite of a Venomou Snake. I have be n informed by one medical lecturer that it tend" to counteract the poison, and when the patient sho\\ s sill'ns of g tting intoxicated one may infer that clanger is pa I, whereas another maintained that it only had the effect of making the patient's la t moments comparatively happy.

We have had 50 years experience in the mak ing of Umforms.

•

WRITE FOR DESIGNS. SAMPLES 49, Hacdman SIC..'.' LIVERPOOL.

Phone: R oVal 2992.

ES'5

of the St

~;( H4~ :I: III: i i 4;liJ II: bj (L'POOL) L TO.

TELEPHO~E-MUSEUl\I

2703.

ADAM, ROUILLY & co., (3 minutes from I1Iaples).

Human Osteology, Anatomy, etc., CAUSES OF EPILEPSY Ar\l) CO~I.\. \N. B. (Sutton-in-Ashfield).-The Textbook tells us that Epilepsy (p. 165) is a sudden loss of consciousne sand that in Coma (p. 155) the patient i compl tel), unconscious . I shall be grateful, therefore, if you will tell us if a person in an Epileptic Fit is a state of Coma .

The conditions are totally different and re emb le each other on ly in the fact that each is accompan ied by complete loss of consciousness. Coma is usually secondary to some other cause (e .g., Apoplexy, High Fever, Diabetes, Kidney Disease and Narcotic Poisons) ; it is mar or less gradual in onset; it may last for hours; and it often ends in deat h. On the other hand, Epilepsy i the term applied to a nervouS disorder characterised by disturbance of the functions of brain and by complete loss of consciousne s ; it is always s udd en in onset; its duration is measured in minutes j it tends to recur; and of itself it is rarely, if ever, fatal.- .c. F.

\Y. L. (London)-You have been mi informed. .\11 111" mber of the Ietropol itan Police are qua lil1ed first aiders a nd, should the occasion demand it, they app ly their kno\\,1 >dge the same as any other first aid I' would. - EDITOR.

W. B. (Li ve rpool). - Pl ease tell me if, in the treatment of a patient sufferin g from Fractured Base of Skull with Compression of Brain a nd a lso from a Simple Fracture of Femur (middle of s hafL), the patient s h ould be kept flat o n his back, which pos ition would enable us to use the long external s plint, or if his head a nd s houlders s hould be slightly raised to alleviate the Compression.

18, Fitzroy St., Tottenham Court Rd., London, W.l. Human Articulated & Disarticulated Skeletons & Skulls. Half-Skeletons, Pelves & Fceta! Skulls. Upper & Lower Extremities, Feet, Hands & Loose Bones of every description. AnatOmical Models & Wall Charts,etc. Bandage Figures & Limbs.

H. T. P. (Leigh)-In the event of a tie in competition it is usual to place fir t the team obtain in g the hi ghest number of marks in the individual tests. Thi s is considered the be t way as the marks indi cate the ellicie ncy of each indi\,idual member working on their own a nd not under the gu ida nce of one man.-EDITOR.

Largest Selection in Europe. Inspection Cordially Invited. PRICE LISTS FREE ON APPLICATION.

LEGAL QUERY.

ALLMAN'S

G. R. (Wind or)-Th e Court 1artial at which Lieut. Baillie-Stewart w a tried administered Military Law (not (l\1artial Law). To see t h e differences be tween these two types of Law see my answer to N.G. (Brixton) in FIRST Am for April, 1932.-E. MAITLAND WOOLF.

POCKET ANATOMICAL ATLAS

FRACTURES OF SKULL AND F EMUR.

HOLIDAY

APARTMENTS.

THORPE BAY.-Homely apartments or bed-breakfast; 4 doors sea, trams, park; recommended. - Pag ham, 14, Chelsea-avenue. W

ANTE D: Board Resid ence by Ambulance Sister and 2 children (aged 7 and 8), for June. Ramsgate or Margate. Write, 22, High-road, Laindon, Essex.

' R,d L;on SQU""' j 11'!'

LONDON, \!' .C.I .

Phone: Chancery 864~.

J H1 .-\mbulance Brigade clearly state that payment for e n 'ice , except out-of-pocket expenses, are not permissible. .\ me mber cannot attend privately at fetes, tc., in uniform, un less permission ha fir t been obtained from the proper qua rter.-EDITOR.

REPLIES IN BRIEF. R.B. (Hant .}-The General Regulation

JOHN

UNIFORMS

. LeOIlOL WITI! VENOMOUS SNAKE-BITE.

The reason quoted by you are ne,,· to me. Perso nally, alwa) s thought that the alcohol was administered to o.;ti mulate th' hcart, which acts feehly consequent on tbe action of thl.! snake venom. N. C. F.

ST.

AMBULANCE BRIGADE

S ize 6" x 3f' (Plates 7" x 6"). Illustrated by Twelve Coloured Plates from

Original Drawings. Contains an anatomical description of the plates and the arrangements and physiological functions of the Human Body, arranged in manikin form. A valuable Atlas for First Aid Students.

Price 1 /-

(post free).

Supplied by

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon Street, London, E.C.4.

FIR S T

304

SAFE

- prepared un der supremely hygienic conditions to a proved formula.

PAINLESS

Soothes at a Touch Painless due to its unique Aseptic principle.

_If

•••

RAPID HEALING

-Special Skin-&-Tissue building properties bring quick healing without scars.

A I D.

May , 1933.

ST. JOHN AMBULAN CE BRIGADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

S.J.A.B. POSTERS

Regulatio n-Right! Q ual i ty-Right! Price - High t

STOCK

All Uniforms cut to Custumer's own measurements

NUR S E S

Sizes- 40 in. x 28 in.; & 20 in. x 12 in. Printing Spa.ces- IS in. x 17 in. ; & 9 in . x 8 in.

COATS,

SPECIALITY .

Selld P. C. jor Price List and Selj-lIleaSUrellle,.zt 'arms .

TH OR TO

Especially suitable fop adveptising the Bpigade Film.

24, Commercia!

st.,

RIGHOUSE, YORKS.

TELEI 'I IO;\I'. : flRICHOU-,E ::!9':>.

COR.BEr FLETCHER,

M.A., M.B

M.R.C.S.

"As a work of rderenlc, the book will bl! excreme!y .slwuld he in the lihran' of all amhulance \\'(l rk~rs." - FIHSI .\ID. -

L1~efLlI anu

Ppice, 3/6; post tree, 4/ ..... THE

O VE are the three septics. 'app reA Breasons why Germo- ciated most in dealing Th i s~is

ST.

JOHN

AMBULANCE

St. John's Gate,

ASSOCIATION,

LO~DON,

E. C. I.

BElT A D CHEAPEST H fJ E IN THE T.

Df.

Late'i t Pattern Ambulance Uniforms a Sped .~ l·h· . Send tor Price Llst and Pattepns to-

ONIFORM CLOTHING & EQUIPMENT, CO., Ltd. 5, 10,11, Clork,..nuvoll Oreen, LONDON, E.O.1. Telephone: Clt',kpnw"l1 6682

Te1eeran::;,' Unlqulp, LondoI'.

AMBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE, By P. C. BOTfOMLEY. M.D. A booklet to aid those interested in Ambulance and Stretcher \Vol'k.

ASEPTIC OINTMENT (1/3 & 31-) Of all Chem ists throughout the Britis h Empire. Sole Distri bu t ors :-

THE

VENO

DRUG

CO,

Ltd.,

Manutactu?'ing Chemists,

Manchester,

England.

Third l!dltlon

P Fice 2d. each, post tl'ee.

45. per dozen. 25. 6d.

.. 1,'IRST AID"

Remittances MUST accompany all orders

QUERY and REPLIE~ COUPON.

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon Street, London, E.C.4'

To b~ cut out and enc/os~d with ail QuerIes MAY, 1933.

Price

I'. 24. post free.

[IFF'OIENOY iN FIR~T-A'D. Post tree Iii. Ja P ro bloms In Stlld" IrcatliJollt aod EI8mlnatloli tolnd 'Dr Seolor ! t adooM " Wifhol4t do~bt llu 31)0;' will b, 01 .t~4at s,roie. in llu Ir"i"i1'lg- o/ I" ou / 0" w"o,n it is dni.t",d."-EalTISH MEDICAL JO':JRNAL.

IERRO S

FIRST -AID.

net: post 211. Brror~ 10 Plrst·Ald Detailed and BXDlalocd. , litis lJook &irJlI a el,ar.,,. bssi&';,t into flu m~tlwds a"d di/lictiltilS oJ '".' rg-~n c~ t",atm,,,! by lay""" tha" llu o1l-cial T,.%tbook ifr.l/."-LANCET. II.

COMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcber, Individual and Question-Six Folders). Price 6d. each net. post , l!d Each Folder contains special article on Competitions: -N o. I, Training of Com· petition Teams; No.2, Conduct of Team in Competition Room; No. 3, Common Errors In Competition; NO.4, Further Errors in Treatment; NO. 5, History of Competition Tests; No.6, Preparation of Tests.

WHY

AN"

WHERS,FORe::

FiRST-AI D.

Fifth Edition. Price I I . 2d .. post free. Dlfflcaltles In Study aod 7reatm8ut solyed by Qoestloll llid ll1lwor • .. W, c!JmM,,.t! .his book to L Ie:ttr,,, aHa Stll.i,nts W/sD will jf"d it 0/ p ltllf S"Vill."-FIRST AlD, Ho~prTA L

FOR

HH"'T

ORDERLIES.

Post hlle. lid. Orderly Duties 81mDltrled liD ~ Tabnlated, wltb l!dl til Mem ory. d Woosl compact broc/t ....' . 'o"IO'''J HI"C;' llu/tti in/ormalioll."-PRES CR IBBR

FIRBT AID.

Illustrated by 50 diagrams In Colours with Explanatory Letterpress. By Sir JAMES CANTLIE, K.B .E. . LL.D., M.A., M.B. C.M., F.R.C.S., D.P.H.R.C.P. 7~d, net; post free.

Mounted on Canvas, Roller top and bOHom. 255 . net each. Post, IS. I. Human Skeleton, front view. 2. Mnscles, front view. 3. Human Skeleton back view i. Muscles, back view. 5. The Heart and prluclpal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera or the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (B). 8. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (D). 10. The Nervous System. II. Schematic diagram of Circulation r2. The Human Ear. 13 The Human Eye. r •. Median Section through Skin 15. Median Section through Head.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. M ale, 80S. net.

Female, 80S. net.

'Witb Foetus, 858. net.

Carriage 2 8 .

A book that is selling by the hundpe d .

ACCIDENTS AND EMERGEN CIES.

Their Signs, Symptoms and "First Aid" Treatment~ An Ideal Memorizer Quick Reference. By A. T. GOODING. With Preface by WILLIAM L OCK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN NrcoLSO!\', ::\LA., M.B., Ch.B.Glas. III . 2d. net post free.

M. CARVELL. M.R.C.B.Ba~. FEW WORDI!I. (2ooth thonsandl Revised. With Coloured Diagramf. 12pp. ClottI,6d. Strong papH. 2 41 . Pest , d. HOME NURBINS 1l1li FE WORDS. (56th thousand) Revised fly

liII

With useful reference tables.

I. PI'.

aANOAHllIIG

Strong paper, :ad.

P. R C.S.

FEW WORDS.

20th Thousand.

Post Id.

OIABRAIII8.

12 Pp.-72 bauda~in!f. diagrams, with notes,

HE A LTH

Strong paper. 2 4 .

Post Id .

5y SIr R, 11 . P I ~ T H,

Paper folder 3 in. and 4 ir..

D .P.H Post free 3d . net.

f'y MOW AIU) M. PRESTON. Dm,01lstrator to th, Pol"t,c/s ,.;c. THE TRIANGULAR BAIIIDABE: Price IS. neti postage, 2d Its Application Accurately Described by \Vords and lIO Diagrams. THE ROLLER BAN DABE. Price IS, net; postage, 2d. lis Application Accuratelv Described by Words and 102 Diagrams.

F IRJ!T·AIO A ATO~ICA.L DUUilRA.B. 13 (I to 12and 14)on Roll Post free, 311 . 94. net. No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs 1/ 2 THIE COM~LETE IIAIUKIN. Price 25, net; postage .d System~ of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomj Medicine, First-Aid and Allied Subjects. B7

THE WHOLIE ART OF HANO ASI PotS. THBI[LA I!OWSBR. l1\ustrated. Post free, II , ' d •

.. Pint Aid," .. 6, Cannon Street, London, E C ...

PRICES, post free:

Large Size Small "

Revised.

fllImO·Kllflulg Slmpllflell IlDO T/lbulated, wltll AId! til Jl omll ry.

• This book wo,.d.~t-ll'1 simplifin a compl• .% stlbi,ct a",f slw"ld b, .., ad "" all ,tud.nts."-L. Ik N.W Rv. GAZBTTE

FIRST AID

to nttrses and lLOspital oflidals wlto enclose tIt e i r pro/essio1lal ca1ds.

FIR T-AID.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES.

Uniforms & Equipme tr

members of tlu medi· • • • • • • • • • •J cal jJro/cssiorz and (II• • • • • • • • •

AMBULANCE

THE ST. JOHN A,'rtBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT,

lene O intment has been with children . universally accepted as Many medical author ithe finest skin healer ties use and recommend obtainable . Its un ique Germolene Ointment, Aseptic' action offers countless homes have you the undoubted ad- benefited by its effecvantage of PAl - FREE tiveness. A t rial tin healing - doing will conv i nce away with the FREE you . Take ad TIle 1J1an1ija cturers smarting associ- will van tage of ou r be deliglzted fo ated with Anti- send a trial sample, offer N O,\, ! tree 0/ cltarge, to

AID

Seventh Edition. Post free . 18. 24. Plnl·A ld 5imoliflO/l and Tabulated, with Alai to Memllr y , Col. Sir lamu (a1ltlrc c ,,,trib fftu all i,.!,.od~efio" alld WI .,.do.-u J:.is £ooa oPf,,;on 0/ th.,c'~ok."-LAtlcp.T.

COMMON

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

A local printer can f ill In the blank space with any re q uired m a tter.

MANUALS OF FIRBT."AlD, &e., By R. CORBBI PLl3fCBER, •• B" B,C ' I B.A..(C:u:tab " •. R.C .S

POCKET FIRI!IT AID

BERIEII .

5 7 Col. R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B •• C.M . O .. C.I.E .• D . !I . 0 .. M.I) (I) Polsunlng, (2) Ha:morrhage, (j) Insensibility; (4) Aspbyxla (Suspend ed BrtlltJ ing), (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, ~6) Wounds, Bltesl Burns, ScaldJ Rupture and Minor Iujuries. The Series contains aU tbe essentials of F irst Aid Printed on linen.lined cards, 31 In. x s! in. Third Edition. 64. ne e,ch postage 2d extra.

A. ID R T O IIIUR SE S

MEMORY FOR FIRST AID RTUD IENTB _l1li0 VERNON NEWTON. M.R . ~ S.(Eag ). y d . net. P est

JOH N

B~LE,

SONS

DANIE LSSON .

83-91, Gpeat Titchfteid Stpeet Lond o n

Ltef.

W .1.

Hobson & Sons (London) Ltd.),

Wholes. Ie lIII.kers of

Manufacturers of Unijorms, Headdresses, Accoutrements for

MEDALS, BADGES

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. SPECIAL OFFER of All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed TROUSERSPrivates- 13/9 per pair. LIMITED

QUANTITY

ONLY.

Patterns " Measurement Forms sent free on reoeipt of Post Card.

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

AND N o . 46R .-

TROPHIES 6ultable for

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I. Phone-Hop 0680 & 7065.

AMBULANCE AND 80CIETIE8.

Bronze, 3/-; Sliver, -4/6; Silver, Oold Centre, 6/9.

Original Designs and Quolaltons posl ,,,ee.

Wholeaale Priola to all uFIRST AID" SOCIETIEI.

London Showroom-

VIADUCT,

E.C.

Telephone- OB40 CltV.

North of England Office : 22, YORK PLAOE, LEEDS.

R.EADERS.

F IRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. Annua l Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

No. 77-

HOLBORN

E ntered at ] [ Statio ners' H all

J Ui\E, 1933.

P~ICE THREEPENC E [3/6 PER ANNUM, POST FRIt P.

EDITORIAL.

CORP.

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROV AL.

S2,

VOL. XXXIX.

NOTICE

.. FIRST AID II

Contractors to H.M. Ministry of Munitions, Russian Government, &c.

ADDR E SS-

FIRST AID

J. A. WYLIE I CO ••

T he

I t~ aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance W ork n all Its branches, the Edito r invites Readers to send Articles and Repo rts on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also wel comes suggestions fo r Practical Pape rs.

THERE seems t o be a tendency F I RST AID TO

i\Ir

OR L JURIES . seek treatment for

A ll Reports , &c., should be add ressed to th e E ditor at Ihe

l.dcl ress below, and should re!l.ch him before the 12th of each month accompanied (not mcessan'ly / 0 1' nublication ) by th~ 'lam e and add ress of the Co rrespondent.

l.nd must be

Subscri~tions, Advertisements and other business Communicatiom con nected with F I RST A ID ~hould t-e fo rwarced to the Publishers,

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 4 6 , CANNa STRERT, LON ON, E. C.4. 7 eie.f{raphic Address-" TWelltl -J01lr, Loudo1l." l

7dephotlt-Cmlral I ,pI.

a m ong w o rk p eop le t o neglect to t heir minor

inj ur ies, l ook i ng u pon them as tr ivia l.

Recent ly a case was r epo r ted i n the press,

of a pe r son w h o pricked his finger with a nee J le, which, o\V i ng to neglect o f treatment, r esulted in am putatiOIl of t he forea r m . . :\I ost wo r kshops in this count r y have properly eqUipped a m bulance stat i ons, but a great m any of these mi nor in ju ri es do n ot co m e w i thin the i r scope fo r the simp l e r eason that the pe r sons concerned

SURCICAL

EQUIPMENT.

.. STERAID '(Regd.) series of absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical DreBsings. The dress· ings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers only the quan· tity of gauze or lint required; after cutting this off, rotate the Con· tainer in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from ex· posure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded the Certificate of the Institute 01 Hygime.)

All Dressin&"s are of GUARANTEED

BRITISH

MANUFAOTURE.

"SANIBIN" {Regd.} an efficient receptacle for receiving soiled dressings, sanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing in any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom ; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring, without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST·AID and SURGICAL EQUIP. MENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements. SBND FOR PRICB LISTS:-

~OBE~T

BAILEY & SON, Ltd.

MARRIOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT al"d at 137, Sentinel House, Southampton Row, London, W.C.1.

NUR ~ . S!

ORDER YOUR COpy NOW!!

New Seeon J Edition . Ju s t Publis hed , M a rc h , 1933 · 370 Pages wi t h ~ , Illu st r ati on s . Price 3 /- net . P os tage 2d . Attractively bound in flexible re){ine cover. ,

ANEW DICTIONARY FOR NURSES OAK E S, N.,

Compiled by LOIS S.R. D N. (Land. ,,' Leeds). ::>i,ter Tutor at Stanley lIospital, Brownlow lIdl Infirma')'. and Wal .on IIuspital, Liverpool, etc .. etc Summary 01 tlte Contents: -Abbreviation of Jlegree . . Diplomas, etc. -.~ bbreviation of Medical Terms-Coillpansion of Tht::rmo· metric Scales - Weights and Measures, etc. - Dictionary of Medical Terms, etc, Method of Using Kata·ThermometerSynonyms of Disease - Method; of Calcula ing Dosage and olutions-Il'lteresting and Historical F'acts -G lalsher's TableDiet<l.Ty Tables -Physiological Standard~. Conta ,nlng numerous ORIGI NAL Features. NEW S E CO ND EDITION. Just Published, FebTllary, 1933·

"HYGIENE

FOR

CONTENTS

THIS

NUMBER.

------

Published by E & S. LlVINGSTONE, 16 & 17, Teviot Place, Edinburgh,

Prin·ed and .t'ublisheu. by DALE, REYNOLDS & Co. , Ltd., 46, Cannon . .;treet, London, E .C.4, to whom all communicatio~~ should be addressed. Telegrams--"Twenty·!our, London." Tellph.J"!e-Central hf.2I. ., To be h<l.d of all Newsagents,Booksellers and Bookstalls i ll the TJuited Kingdom and at all Rallway Book$talls of Messrs. W. H Smith and SODS

not trouble themselves to have these minor

EOITORIAL-

Those in char ge of ambulance stat ions cannot

Fir'>l ,\i<.l In \ l inL1r Injuric'>

~e he l d respo n s i b le fo r such cases, but they can

\ 11l1e SVljulls to Accidenh

\ l11l'I-il<ln Rl'd ern..,.., Fir'il .\id Te'\lh,1ok

S.j.. \. Brigade Dj tricl Reporl ~t. John \mhulilncL' Brigade Finals

307 30~

Priory fM \\'ale ' Railway Ambulance Ne",!'> The Preparation of CPIllpetilion TC'ils Police Ambu lance News ... The Royal Life a\'ing Our Nurses' Pag-es

ocicty

(o\liery 0Jcws

Examination IIowler Shoulder Bones .\1cohol with Venomous Sn<1kL~ Bitl' Fraclures of Ri bs an d Th igh ... Trentnwnt of Frost Bite Treatment of Snow Blindness ... Transpo r t of Fmctured P elvis .\natoIl1) or Physiology Treatment of Venomous Snake Bite Lega l Query

upon

the

w orkpeo pl e

haV i ng

the i r

i nj uri es

311

31-+

fata l acc idents arising red u ced.

316

The

NRtiona l

the

necess i ty

i mme d iate ly

atten d ed,

I t is only by this means that from

Safety

such cases

First

can

1\10vement

be has

322

do n e a good dea l of good by i nst r ucti n g peop le to

J2J

exercise care i n the st r eets a n d wor k shops .

32-+ 325

issued br th is !'.I ove m ent h ave a lso eJ u cated some

327

QUER IES AND ANSWER S TO CORRESPONOENTS-

~[isuse of Tourniquet

I m p .ress

matter h ow triv ia l.

S. j..\.B. O\ercas

NURSES"

By JOH~ GUY, M. D. D.P.II., F.R . C. P.(Edin.), r-redicd,l O fficer of Health, City of Edinburgh, Examiner in Hygiene to I he General Nursing (ouneil of Scotland; and G. J. I. LlNKLATER . M.D. , D.P_H . , vt:.R.CP{Edio), Examiner to the General Nursing Council of Scotland. Second E dition; Crown 8vo ?24 pp. 22 Illustrations. Price 5 /- net. Postage Sd. A Note to Nurses. - T his book will provide you with an adequate knowledge of Hygiene in both an interesting and practi cal form and will prove invaluable both for everyday practice and for e '{ aminatlO n p u r pos~s. The new edition has been most care fully revised and b rought completely up to date. Prospectuses post free on application.

w ill

cases of injury atte n ded to .

Poste r s

of t h e n ecessity to have all in j uries, however s m a ll : atte n ded to at the ea rli est poss ib l e m oment. Until all work peop le are thorough ly taught to

228 32R 32,

328 328

328

330 330 330 330 330

have eve n t ri v ia l inju ri es attended, we shal l fortu n ate l y,

occas io n a ll y

h ear

some

un -

pe r so n

los in g a l i mb, or even li fe, thr o ug h a li tt le neg lec t.

\ Vc, ou rse l ves , mlt t do o ur bcs t to inst r uct th e l ay m a n, a n e! so obv iate a n y se ri OllS effects .

n:.

. The Chal lengs hie ld Contests open to teams \\'ithin fl mdlus of 12 mi les of Ba n bury \\'ere helu on ,\Iay 13th. vv: E: An d land (team) an d D r. C. Gardiner Hi ll (incJi\'idual) <1UJUdIGlted. Banbury G. W . R. TraOic Depl. \\'ith 2 ')5 m ar k s w ere plnced Ilrsl. '

FIR S T

306

Some Sequels to Accidents, or,

"THE A~IBULANCE

I\IA

HO:'l£E

NUR E."

}'URTlIER NOTES FOR FIRST AIDER A HO;\IE NUR E.

CAPTAIN NORl\IAN HAl'.I IER, R.A.:\l.C., lVI.R.C.S. (Cvnclllded frolJl page 280 ), B.-CO:\IPRES . IO~ OF TIlE BRAIN.

ComI=ression of the brain may be due to : (1) Pressure on the brain by a depressedjractllre of the slwll or by a foreign body . . In these cases the symptoms of Concuss~on merge mto those of Com pression wi tho~t any l~nterval of restor~d consciousness intervening., Symptoms of brall1 compression do not arise Immediately after the violence, that has acci'd en t , because the verv J h caused h ' the presence of whatever is presslll~ on t e , rain has at the same time caused the dzsplacement, of. a , \ ' 0 1u m e of cerebro-spinal flUid from withIn certain the brainbox into the verebral canal, thus for a time makin g room for the pr~ssing substan~e. B t as this cerebro-spinal flUid returns to Its n~~mal situation inside the brain box, th~ pressure inside the brain box rises, and compression ~y~. p tons appear, supervening upon those of the 1I1ltial concus s ion. f ( ~) Bleeding from vessels on the surface 0 the brain or in the brain substance. ~n these cases there may be an in terval , of conSClOtlsneSS s of concUSSion . and those ' of b etwee n the effect · , The s)' mptoms of brain compression com presSIOn, , . r< htly accordina ' va ry Sl 11:) b to whether compressIon1 'IS " . hIn a enera 1 (as "1n the case of bleed ing from a 1vesse ~ e brain substance) as a result of ~enera tlg tackin a " of the contents of the brall1 box, or both ~en e ral and local with in addition ~ctzve presszt1'e on on e jarricl/la7' pm't of the. b~al~, as when a vessel on tbe s urface of the bralll IS Il1vo lved. (3 ) Pressure from pus. The symptom~ of com. .In t"1ese cases are preceded by eVidence of preSSIOn l . bra in inflammation and wtll n.ot appear for some time- say after a week or fortlllght. . Th e Symptoms of Compression of the Bra't1Z are: (1) Unconsciousness to the degree of coma. The patient cannot be roused. (2) The face is fl ushed. (3) Breathing is slow, laboured, and. ste:torous (snoring). Th~ stertorous breathlllg IS acco mpanied by puffing 111 and out of the cheeksand both are due to paralysis of the ~usles of the roof of the mouth and the face .resultlng from .the puttin g out of action of the brall1 cells controlllJ1g tllese groups of muscles .

A I D.

(4) The pulse is full and slow, but in ver~ ba,d cases gets rapid and irregular as the patient s condition gets mor grave. . . . (5) The heat-regul.ating centre In .the bra1l1 IS affected in common With the other VItal cen~re~, and the temperature and the state of the skIn IS variable. The patient's body may be cold, hot and dry, or perspiring. . (6) Th~ pupi Is do ?lot respond to ltght and may be u neq ual. . (7) There is paralYSIS oC t~ muscl.es, often affectin a one side of thp body If one Sid of the brain isbbeing subjected to l,?cali~ed r:res~ure. The decision that a patlen t I suffen ng from Compression of th Brain (the d/agJloS/'s) rna) be easy or very diff1cult. If the s ' mptoms of ~m pression are obseJ''L)ed to foll~7.() tho,:e of C07lCZlss.lOn, or a h£story of the aCCIdent IS available, the dIagnosis is not hard. But if, as usually happen, the acciden t occu rs when the patien t is alon '. and he is in fact already suffering from ompresslon ~nd is unconscious when he i di covered by!he fir t Aider, it may not be easy to be sure. COI~pres sion has to be distinguished [rom oth r condItion It must be distinguished from: , (1) COllClISS"oll. - Fa~e, pu~ e, deg~ e. of. Insensibility will help here In makIng the dl ' tinctIOn. (2) Apoplexy. - The s)'mp~om ,los Iy . ree of brain compres ' lon \\ Ith 10 allsed thos s eble m . ,,' " effects on one side of the brain (the .mot~r area, which innerVates muscles and wh.1 h I.S ')ft~n affected in com pre sion and nearly Inva:lably In apoplexy - hence the one- ide I paralysIs to h' found in both s tate). Distinction her,e may be extremely difficult in the al~ ence o~ ,a hl~5?r)' of .a history or signs of an ~c.ctden~. .1 h.e Ilr t AId treatment of both conc.littons IS s lmJiar and no harm can be done. , ,~ (3) Insensibility follo.wing an ptleptl ht. , bitten tongue suggests eptlepsy but does not pro\ e it.

h (4) Poison i ng by alcol~ol, opi u m or ot er narcotics, or by poisons der.lved from the body, e.g., in diabetes or kidney dlseas,e. , ' ' (5) Heatstroke- a difficult distinCtion In some cases. (6) Shock (rapid, weak pulse). (7) Severe hcemorrhage or (8) Two or more cond i tions mar co-e>.. ist , e.g., alcoholic poisoning plus a fractured, skull. The First Aider should (1) take notIce of the surroundings in which he finds the pati.ent~blood or vomit on the ground near hio:, IS hiS face bruised by blows? IIow is he ly1l1g? Broken bushes or branches of trees, wheel, marks or ho,?f marks (has he been thrown from hIS wagon by h~ s Team bolting, or has he taken a toss from hI S horse?) A fallen ladder, a broken beam and so onall may help to reconstruct the occurr.ence. (2) Note how deep is his unconsctOusness

FIRST

June, 1935.

June, 1933.

(see "Stu por and "Coma" in chapter on " Insensibility" in First Aid Textbook). (3) Note the colour of his race and the character of his pulse and breathing. (4) Exam:ne his skull fo[- signs of fracture of the vault, and his nose and ear channels for escape of blood and cerebro-spinal nuid (fractured base). (5) Is the tongue bitten t If so, his insensibility may be due to epilepsy, or an epileptic fit may have caused the accident; or possibly hi~ tongue might have been bitten in a fall. (6) Note the ' mell of his breath. But do not decide too casually that alcohol is the cause of his insensibility because his breath smelb of it. Tipine 5 may have contrihuted to an accident. A breath smelling of sweet apples suggests di3.betes. (7) Exam i ne the pu pil. If they are u neg ual suspect com pre ' i 11 due to accid n t or apoplexy. The age and bodily type of the patient, plus the presence or absencc of signs of accident may help here to enable YOll to d cide. (8) Is the;c any one-~idcd paraly~is? The a bo\' e remark ab applies her. (0) In ases wI! re the diagnosis is doubtful, [[h' e Ft'rsl .. lid II eu/melll Oil general /t'lles. The patient hould bl.: r moved t shl.:lter and carcfelly watched. 7 he Jf','rsl . . ltd Trea/ment oj Cumpressl'oll can be summed lip as " ar flll handling and follow the 1100\.;:." Little an be done of a cllrah'L1e ndturc, but ill th e ca') s of ompression that cO llle under th' cart: of the First .r\ider, as such, the o ld Fir ' t Aid axiom that" it is the duty of tbe Fir~ t ider to pre\'ent further injur)' ,. is as impo rtan t as evcr. ~luch depend - on care/it! lialldlz"ll,R' o f the ca~c during the proce ' S of removal, ~Ild m u h depends 11 pon the avoidance of causi ng " further injury." Refer to the ' to John ~Ianua1. II

( ~)

TIlE

IIO\IE :\

RSI;-{G C.\RE OF C .\SE.

CO:\lPRE-

' 1 :\

In case ' in which ompre ion effects follows those of oncussion, the do tor houle.! be warned of the appearance of th chang d symptoms as oon as possible. He may need to operate to relieve the pressure on th brain. Failing such measures, he will ord r IIome -:\ursing treatment along the 1i nes i nd icated for Concussion. The head, ill Compression cases, should be slightly raised and turned to one side. These notes are intended as an attempt to correlate the First Aid and the Home l\"ursing aspects of certain sequels of accidents; to encourage, and perhaps in some small way, help those of our St. John brothers and sisters who may be called upon to supply the emergency treatment and tbe afternursing of accident cases, especially in circum~tances in which medical help is not always Immediately or continuously available, and where there is no hospital near enough to be used. In

AID.

307

such circumstances, the ambulance man or sister may be, and often is, the meanS of saving life, without exceeding the limits of St. John training or invading the province of the doctor. I have omitted to repeat frequently the advice " Send for medical aid." Obviously, as indicated in the Textbook, this is an essential duty; but the Textbook does not say" Send for the doctor, and then fold you r hands and do nothing." 0:'0; rather it suggests that we adopt the \Volf eu b slogan, "D.Y.B."-"Do Your Best"-and teaches us to make our best a trai ned, z'nJormed, in teZlz'gent, useful best; and a St. John best is good indeed, as so many grateful patients all over the world can testify.

American Red Cross First Aid Textbook. NOTHI';-"'TG is more interesting or instructive to enthusiasts than to study the Textbook of a sister organisation and to compare it with that of their own. Through the kindness of a correspondent and colleague of the American Red Cross I have received the recently issued and revised Textbook of that Society' and for the benefit of readers of FIRST AID I have made, and present here, a comparative analysis. Larger than our own, which slips easily into a lounge~, coat pocket, the American Textbook measures roughly 8 in. X 5 in., and is well printed on excellent paper in type of a size which makes reading easy and pleasant, especially for those of us who are growing older. As the Textbooks differ in size, so they differ in style, the American being somewhat discursive and the St. John definitely didactic as is well exemplified in its General Rules for each and every main emergency. The American Textbook is 230 pages in length and has the appearance of a first edition since it is not marked otherwise; but the preface refers to previous editions prepared under the editorship of that good first aider, Colonel Charles Lynch of the American Army ~Iedical Corps. In point of fact it is, I believe, the fourth edition and replaces that published in 1925 ; but it has been completely revised, as is shown by changes in the order of presentation and in the modification of procedure. The majority of its 110 Figures are actual photographs, a most laudable feature of the book, since the drawn diagram is apt to show what the author wishes ro portray and not what the first aider can accurately reproduce. The absen e in an official textbook of any introduction or of any historical not s, such as those which figure in our Textbook, is a disappointment to those who like to know the origin of things and to pay tribute to the pioneers. Further, the manual lacks the frame'work which is set out in the

308

FIR S T

fi rst Chapter of the St. John Textbook and constitutes its glory since it establishes a scheme of treatment applicable to any emergency. Through it our students are taught General Rules which they must modif_' in accordance with certain definite Principles by the exercise of their ,...,ualifications as first aiders . On the other hand, the American Textbook starts in a unique fashion by recounting several instances which illustrate the dire consequences of ignorant or meddlesome first aid. It then proceeds to gi\'e the definition and purposes of first aid, the latter covering the three" Essen tials of First Aid" detailed on p. 1 t of our Textbook. It ends with six" General Directions" which cover the duties of a first aider towards the patient and himself, stress being laid on the treatment of Shock and on the pressing dangers of serious Bleeding, Asphyxia and Poisoning. Unlike our own, which spreads the vital facts throughout its various Chapters, the American Textbook deals with Anatomy and Physiology under 13 Sections in Chapter II, setting out the important details as far as they concern the first aider, and, like our Textbook, teaching just enough to enable first aiders to render efficient assistance. The descriptive diagrams are excellent; and the details are perhaps just a bit more extensive than in our Textbook. Thus, we are told that bones contain bloodvessels through which reunion takes place after fractures; that the space between brain and skull is very small, a fact which explains the association of head inj uries and unconsciousness; and that the carpus is the" heel l' of the hand (an apt term worthy of adoption). Those who object to the description of skin, connective tissue and functions of the body in ou r Textbook will receive no support to their objections, since they will find all these in the American Textbook, which deals elaborately, and to us at unnecessary length, with the constituents of the blood. Chapter III. is devoted to Dressings and Bandages. First choice of dressings for wounds and burns is given to sterilised gauze either by itself or after preparation as C C gauze squares" (several layers) and "bandage compress" (gauze square and bandage), though it is admitted that these require special containers and facilities for storage. For improvised dressings the gauze or freshly laundered handkerchiefs, towels and so on are to be sterilised before use by scorching with a hot iron, on top of a stove or over a gas flame. In contrast to these aseptic dressings, the possibility of using antiseptic dressings such as boracic lint which is so popular with us, is not considered. The tying of reef (otherwise C C square") knots is described in the old-fashioned and mechanical way-Uleft over right" and "right over left." To me this method is anathema, because knots should be tied by observation which through the senses

JlIlle, 19.33.

A I D.

of sight and touch will show us when we have two (paral lel) strands above one loop and two (parall E': l) strands below the olher. The formation of the knot is shown in a useful series of ficrures with two ties-one dark and spotted and the other white -which reminds me that I learned to tic reef knots with two differently coloured cords. The American Textbook requires that both the triangu lar and roller bandages should be rna teredo In the early days of the Association the same course was adopted; but very quickly experiences proved the WIsdom of keepi ng the triangular for the First Aid and the r lIer bandage for the l\ursing Course . The roller bandage is applied much a!:> in our Textbook, though I do not like FiCT. 3', which shows the bandage for the fOI-earm starting at the wrist. \ Vith reference to the triangular bandages I notice di fferences in several in ta nce~ [rom au r methods. Thus, the diagram for Che t Bandage shows the back view and would n l obtain full marks from me in examination he au~e the vertical line of the bandage is not at right angl ~ to the hori,r.ontal. The ~houlder Pandage is made with a broad (otherwise (( ravat") bandag f~xtend ing diagonally acro!:>s the chc t, through the opposite axilla and a ross back to the !:>tarli Ilg place, while the upper limb hang:; free amI i.., (lot supported in a small arm-sling as in our Textbook. In the description of the large (one and only) 3rl11sling the instruction are" to tic the ends at the side of the neck," an unfortunate po iLi n f r the patient if he has to wcar the arm-!:>Iing for a pI' longed period. The plan of our T xthook i.s better because the knot lie just below' clavicle and does not press on th necl\: m us les. I t is noteworthy that with the arm-sling the hand i to be placed 4 or 5 inches above the level of the elbow . The Bandage of Face or Back of I lead (a new one to me) is recommended for burns r scalds; and its appearance suggests the desi crnation "KIll Klux Klan." The instructions for applying it are :-"Tie knot at point of bandage, beginning knot about 6 inches from point. Place knot at crown of head. Carry base down over facl , and chin to the neck. Carry one end round to back, covering cheek, ear and back of head and neck. Now carry the other end round in similar manner, crossing over the first. Bring ends to front and tie under chin . Cut slits for nose and ears . " L\ . C . F. (To be continued.) The Bristol Centre, S.J.A .. \., will be holding Iheir annual stretcher cOlllpetiLition 011 July 22nd, at the Zoological Gardens, Clifton . Their are three events for meil (teams of five), including a novices' competition; one for women and two open to teams of men or women. Full particulars can be obtained from the han. Secretary, -!r. Egbert A. V. Webb, 6, Somer 'c t-street, Kingsdown, Bristol, 2.

FIRST

June , 19.3 3.

The St.

Brigade

A ID.

f ohn

309

Ambulance

Dzstf/zct Reports.

No I. (Prince of Wales' ) District. The AnIlual Illspection of the o. 1 (Prince of \Vales's) J)I<.;t rict "as hdd on 'alurday afternoo11, J llne 10th on thc C;uartb Parade Ground) Ifyde Park. Alth()ll~h the ~kil's \\ ere o"ereat the rain kcpt ofT allli those prescnt \\ itnc:sed an illlprcs')i\e spcctacle. ~()I11C \()()() Il1cl1llJers \\ c: rt: 1)11 paradc) the Ambulance Ui\ i iOlls fflrnlllll!," fi\ e hattalion' tinder the respectivc [\<.;~jstallt C01l1I1lISSi011crs, whilst the :\ursing' Diyi iOlls formcd I\\'o ha llaliom Lady District ,' up l. ~Iiss Rideou t hcing in comIl1and. [kiore Ihe IIlS]ll ·tinn a larg e cro",d had gatherc:>d alld hy the saluting- hase \\ e re n()ticed mall) distinguished 1l1l'lllhl'l'S oi thL' Order. r.lunher'i of the Bng'ade O\'er'ca s "\\'ere represented 11) thl' Lady ~'llJll.-i ll-Chief, :\1 rs. LIlll'Liot I kill. . \t 4.1.; p.m. :\Jajor-Ccnl'ral :ir JIJllIl Duncan. KCn. , c.:-.1.(; .. ('. \ '.0.. J ).~.O.. 'hid CnmI1lISS)(lI1er. arriYld and \\:\" J'l'l'u\ld h) Lil'ut.-C'ol. F ... Brook'>. :\l.D .. the COI1lIlIi'>'>lfll1lr (Ii ~fl. I District. •\ftn tIll' .. Cl'lleral ~all1ll''' anci the flag had been hroken. the Chid COI1lI1lI,,'ioncr lIlpected the ranks. com\1ll:llcin~ with the Xursing' Di\'i ions. 1l1ClI1g those \\ hI) :tl'l'Cll11paniu! thl' Chll f Clll11missionl'r \\ ere the .st. Chief C'ClIllJllI""S1(llll'r. Col. (;, .\. :\lo()n:, C.:-'1.(;., [).S .O., ~I.D. , the :-;t1r~l()n-ill- '11 Il'f. Col. C. r. Elli .. Cl\I.G., T.D.:JI.C. the .\sst. ~l1r~l()ll-in-Chil f . • '. Corbd Fletcher. ~I.'\ .. :-'LH .. [Le.. \1 I{ .C.: .. L.R.c.Po, anci other'. Foll/l\\ ing thl In:plction thL paradc formed up for the .\[areh l)a" l. the , alule heing' taken by thc Chief lfllnmissiolllr. . pl'cial applause. from the onlookers, wa gW1l1 to t hl' • II. b Company oj the Xo. 5 Battalion, composed () i IHln-lIn i inrl11 men. the maj o rity heing new mel11hns. Thl l 'adl'ts al'n rccei\ cd hearty applause. Thh. lin iorlun,lll'h. \\ as the lat occasion on which L~elll.-Col. F. A. TIroo'ks \\'ill he on parade of the Xo. 1 Dl~t rIet ~lS Coml111siol1er. a he i retiring 1rol11 that POSltHll1 ]n a short tllne henct. IIard \\'orkin'" \\ ith a 'imile and a kind \\()rc! for e\'cn mcmher. C~I: Brooks \\ III be .~Tl'ally I11]S cd in the D-istrie t. During" the ix ) cars as Commissioner he has gathered arolJl;d him a splcndid set of officer and h\' his enthu iasm and fair'less has .~' ilined the confldcnc: of all ranks. He \\ ill not. h()\\C\'er. he 10 t to the TIri~?:ac1e . as il i~ 1Illlins[ood he \\ ill he l'nlrsted as the IJ1Sp~cting Officer ul the District.

. J) .\(," . . . rl \'\I.-Thc Dag"cnham Alllhulance Di"ision OIl Satllrda). l\Iay 27th . set up a lIlllCilIl' record at the Essex COUI!ty Red Cross Rally at Dagcnhall1 Park, Romford. 11)' g~I1l.11~g- full marks in the Bcd :\Iaking Competition. The DI\'I Ion \\ as represented hy Corpl. A. J. V/Ch ter and Pte. A. E. Pettit and th e l,lOJ1our of winning this Competition was. shared \\ lth lilord Nursing' Division, who also ohtallled full marks. . T\\, ~l1ty- fi\'c teams entered for this Competition () f \\ hlc!, n1l1ctcen ,,-ere women' teams, so that the men may he hlg-hly congratulated on their ' ucce s. Tn the Men' ovices Competition. Pte. F. C Burton and n. Blower were placed ecolld, missing the Trophy by only a small l11arp;ll1.

SOUTlIALL.-At a Social helel on ~Iay 17th and arranged by the Entertainmcnt Committee of the Southall Ambulance and Tursing Divisions, Supt. J. E. Taylor asked 1\.1r. F. Gosney to make a prcsentation to AmIJ. Officer J. W. Turner, the oldest member of the Division, haying joined thc Section in Southall on its formation in 1908. 1\1r. Go n ey, who i a great supportcr of thc Ambulance l\IoYcmcnt, said the duty was a mo t pleasing one. Amb. Officer Turner sen'ed the Brigade from 1908 until the outbreak of the Great vVar. He joined the R.A.:\I.C in 1914 anden'ed overseas for nearly 3 year when he wc,ts invalided home. On hi return he kept the Section gomg until the return of the other members in 1922. A few years ago he was promoted to the rank of Amb. Officer and took charge of the Cadet Diyi ion. 1\1r. Turner \Va now on the re en'c Ii t and at the request of the Officers and :JIeI1, also the Cadets, :.'IIr. Gosney hand cd him a harometer with the hope that it \\'otlld ah\'a\' keep finc for him. ~ Amb. Officer Turner uitably replied .

No. IV. ( Lancashire) District HEy\\,ooD.-Hea\·y rainfall marred thc Inspection of outh East Lane Ambulance. X ur 'ing and Cadet Ul11ts . at Heywood, Saturday, :J1ay 27th. when 2.500 memher paraded before the ~hief Commi sioner, Sir ] oh11 Duncan K.CB." accompanled by Col. C T. Trimble, C.Bo, the Commissioner, :JIr. \V. G. ~mith) O~B.E .. and members of the District Staff. . The parade was commanded by A t. Commissioner Reekic, ~}B.E., with Lady District upt. :\lr . T\\'eedale. c..B.~., 111 chargc of the Tnrsing and Cadet units, and Dl tnct Officer i\i1l11l1o adjutant. Fortunately there was ample accommodation under conI' for all in the four halls conYeniently placed near each other.. cach of which \ya visited h\ the Chief Commi~sioner. Competition judged by - urgeon of the Bngade re ' ulted as fo11o\\ S : Alllblliance: Coronation Shield.-\\-inners (equal) Atherton. lIump; " "ViI on and Stockall" Shield.~ i'.Iosley; Fembley Shieid.-Bury; "Daniel Hall" Trophy.Crawshawbooth. Nnrsing: S.E. Lancs Shield.-I orth lIanche ter' "George car(' hield.-Crompton; .E. Lancs Trophy.""': (Equal) Accnngton, A hton-under-Lync. Cadets (Girls): "Lees" Cup.-(Equal) Roche Rochdale and Equitable. Oldham. ' Cadets (Boys): .E. Lancs Cup.-Ra\\-tell'tall. Thc Mayoress of Heywood, l\lr. Duckworth. presented the trophies to the winning team. th~

BLAcKBu,RN.-The Novox apparatu for restoring per'(.ms suffenng from Carbon-monoxide poi olling. and klJ1dl;:- lent for the occasion by the Royal Infirmary, wa ' explalJ1ed and demonstrated at a lect~lrc at the Br~~'a(lc H.eadC(u~rters, Blackburn, by Amb. Officer Crellin, of the Flre Bng-ade, Blackburn. \VIIALLEY.- On Sunday, lIay 7th. the Ea t Lanes. mhulance units under the command of A t. Commi ioner F. de B. Pim, attended divine en'ice at the Pari h

310

iRS '1

Church, \\"halky, \\ hich \"as conducted by tl:e Vicar, Canon \\"allis. It i inLere 'Ling La note that this Annual Church Parade has beel1 carried out for the last 35 years, the first parade being held 1897. 11.-\ LINGDEx.-On Saturday} 1\la)' 20th, Col. C. H. Redmond Di trict Officer, S.J.A.B.) inspected the Rossendale Ambulance) 1 ursing and Cadet units a.t Haslingden. Competition " 'ere held when the followll1g Surgeons adjudicated, Dr.. truthero) Clarke and 1IacGregor) and the re ults \\ ere announced a follows: -d/llbn/aJ/cc.Crawshawbooth; Nursing.-Rawtenstall; Cadcts.-Ra\yten tall 1\ ursing Cadets. The trophlcs "'cre presented by the 1\1ayore s of Haslingden 1Ir . Baxter) \\'ho announced her intention of presenting 'an additional cup for competition among the l'adets. No. V. District. AR),lLEY & \\'oRTLEY.-The report of the First Ai<.i and ~ursinO' Efficiency Examinations of the Armley and \Vortley Di~ision has been receiyed by Div. Supt. Edward D. Glover. As an encouragement for the Division, the Diyisional uperintendent's awards of Silyer Uedallions will be issued to Ptes. \Villiam H. C. Hardcastle and Albert Connor, and the book, .• History of the Order of St. Tohn," by Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher) will be han::!ed to Pte. Arthur Baker, for general efficient work. The Armley and Wortley Division is the pioneer Division in Leeds, having been registered at St. ] ohn's Gate on April 4th, 1892. Besides first aid awards, its members hold certificates for nursing, hygiene and sanitation. The three officers of the Division are the only officers in Leeds \\'ith hygiene and sanitation awards) in addit~on to first aid and nursing, and it was an extremely high honour to the Diyision when the work rendered by Diy. Supt. E. D. Gloyer was recognised by headquarters, and he receiyed the Insignia of Serving Brother last year. Recently Diy. Supt. E. D. Glover gave a lecture on poisons from the first aid standpoint to the am~ulance section of the Leeds City Tramways. He dealt With the history of poisons and later with their specific action on the human body. BIRCOATEs.-The third Annual Competition for the T. C. Barber" ~Iemorial Shield and "Mrs. 1\1. E. \\'right" Cup organised by the H~rworth. Colliery Division was held in the Harworth Colhery Instltute anJ attracted 58 entries. The arrangements had been well organised and attracted a large number of spectators. The stretcher test was staged in a supposed saw mill where two men were working when a timber flew off the saw causing one man to have concussion and a fractured cla\'icle and the other a fractured patella and cut hand. The test was a difficult one for the doctors to mark but they carried out their duties with every credit and satisfied the many competitors. On the floor were Dr. P. Kane, Rossington; Dr. F. W. ] o~nson, ~awtry; Dr. Haine, Doncaster; and Dr. P. J. QUlgley, Bucoates. The indiyidual judging being performed by ~r. W. C. Potts, Langold; Dr. B. Burke) Doncaster; Mr. ]. H. Pedley and 11r. VV. G. Oldfield. Aldwarke 11ain, competing for the first time, were declared the winners with 227 points out of a possible 260. The runners-up, and winners of the "Mrs. M. E. \Vright" Cup) offere~ for the first .time, ~ere Kilnhu.rst Colliery with 214 pomts. Goole Clty Pollce were third with 213 and Cheshire Lines fourth with 210. Last year's wi~ners, vVath Main Colliery, occupied fifth place. II

AIO.

J un e, 1935 .

There were nearly 150 entries for the individual competition, with the {nllo\\ ing rcsult: Bcst o. 1) J. A. Hal.l, Sil \'crwood; Best o. 2, A. BUll) Bestwood; Best No.3, R. Bcll, Goole Police; Best No.4, F, Tillotson, vVheldale. Dr. P . J. Quigley addressed the competitors at t~e end of thc competition and complimented them on then fine work. lIe al ' 0 ga\'c some sound advicc for future occasions. 1\1r. VV. \\Trio'ht thanked the doctors and competitors for their \vclcome att ndancc whilst 1Irs. \V. \ Vright presented thc prizes anti trophies to the succ ss ful teams and mcmb rs. 1\1r. \ V. Tupling \\'a ' in chargc of the orgalll. ation.

No. Vili. (Uuke of ~onnaught ' s ) District. HORsHAM.-The final District Competitions were held on Saturday, May 20th, at IIorsham. After a splendid competition Horsham were again found to be the champion team with 376.8 marks and were awarded the" Thrce Counties" Shield. Ashford 'talion were second with 341 mark) followed by Brighton Police \yith 335. The result of the Boy Cadet compctition \\ a~, 1, Fnlkestol1e, 276; 2) DonI". 20i~; 3, lIastings, 182. ~1rs. Hugh Lancaster presented the trophies and oLher awards. Commissioner E. A. Richards paid a \\arm tnbute to her work on behali of the Order. Thanks were accorded 'upL David Bryce (Uorsham) and all \\ho had assisted at the competitIOns. CRAWLEY.-On 'unda)', May 21st) a public dedication of a new motor ambulance, presented to the Crawley and Three Bridges Division by Capt. E. \V. \Vickham 1 oakes, of Ifield, Crawley, was held. A large crowd assell1 bled and among those IJ resen t were the Commissioner. ~Ir. E. A. R;chards, Asst. Commissioner Capt. E. A. Chill, 0.1' . Di Loct Officer 'Yriggles\\'orth, Dr. ' . R. ~Iatlhe\\'s, Dlstnct Supl. A. J. Standen (Reigate), 'upts. A. Bryce (Horsham), A. Chatfield (Redhill), G. Harman (Horley), \V. Oli\'er (Crawley)) Di\,. and Transport Officer \Y . .{\. Clark, ~Irs. \Yickham oakes, and ~Irs. Stra\\ son. Dr. Wickham ),l"oakcs mounted the platform and formally presented the ambulance, which \\as al.:cepted by Commissioner E. A. Richards. The Re\·. II. A. K. Da}ne~ performing the dedication service. No. IX. District. BARNSTAPLE.-For the first tunc Barnstaple \\([s the venue for the rally of the North De\'on DI\'lslons of the S.].A.B. A parade and inspection in Rock Park) witnessed by large numbers of the townspeople and others) formed the first item in the interesting programme. Lent by the Town Council) the beautiful park formed a whoJl) delightful setting for the ceremony. The admirable rustic bandstand was converted into the first aiel station for the occasion, whilst Barum's well-appointed motor ambulance was on view near by. Col. C. I. Ellis) C. 1\I. G., 1I.D., c.1\1., A.M.S., Surgeon-in-Chief, with his Worship the ~layor of Barnstaple (Councillor C. F. Dart) inspected the parade) supported by Mr. IIedley V. Miller, County Commissioner No. 9 District, Lady County Officer Mrs. Balsdon, County Officer T. D. Perkins and County Officer Dr. S. R. Gibbs, who was in charge of the parade. Col. Ellis also took the salute at the march past. In a speech the Surgeon-in-Chief stated that eight years ago North Dcvon was not represented but to-day there were six towns who were represented. The standard of efficiency of the parade was very high as was also the discipline.

] u ne , 1933.

FIR S T

The Mayor of Barnslaplc extended a hearty welcome to Col. Ellis. He hoped other towns would follow the good. exampl.c. given. I~e congratulated the Barnstaple Nurs1l1g DIVISIOn on thclr success at Paignton. . Major S. R. Gibbs, on behalf of the Brigade) voiced thelr very grat~ful thanks to Col. Ellis for his presence. They fully realised thc honour he had done them and if he was satisfied, they were quite happy) and ne~t time they would agam do thei I' best and) if possible, do even better. The band accompanied the parade to the Parish Church for divinc service, which was conducted by the Vicar (Rev. Preb. F. 11. Wallington) M.A.). The servicc concluded with the National Anthem. Dr. S. R. Gibbs read the lesson. Tea was partaken in the Foresters' Hall at the invitat ion of the Barnstaple Carnival Committee. The Mayor, accompanied by the Mayoress, presided oyer the tea, and proposed a ycry hearty \'ote of thanks to Mr. F. Torthcote, hainnan of the Carnival Committce, and also lhe lady helpers for the splcndid arrang-cJl1rnts made. The vote of thanks was received with chccrs by the company. 1\1r. F. Torthcole suitably replied. It had, he said, heen a yery great pri\ ilege to ullertain the Brigades) and the lady helpers \\'cre only too delighted to have clone thtir part in helping- to make t he rally a ucce s. At an officers' meeting. Dr. Gibl)s thanked Mr. 1\liller for hie; \'i it, and extended' congTallllations and thanks to the various Di\·isions. Mr. ~Iiller in reply, said it was a memorable day. lIe spoke of the arly days of ambulance work in orth ~evon, <l:n.d t raced its progress from 1925 to its present hIgh POSItIon ~nd standard of efficicncy. of which he, as C~llnty C0I111l11')slOner, \Vas Yery proud. He paid a high tnbute to the memlwrs of thc Medical Profession for their generous .11pport in gi \' ing- time and energy to train the member.. In referring' tn the Cadet Divi ions of nar~ taple, ~e urged olhcr Di"isions to seriously consider the mforn:atlon of Cadet Di\·isione;. He congratulated 11r. II_. Cottenll (hon. secretary .lA.A.) 011 the organi ation ol the rally, acting in conjunction WJth Dr. Gibbs. POOu:.-Corps Supt. E. S. Dennett presidcd at the Annual • upper of the Poole Corp. He was supported b), the :'IIayor and Mayores, (Councillor and Mrs. \\. C. J. horlt), Councillor 'V. K. Field (chairman of the BoroL1!?h Council Transport Committee), Captain J. \V. 'Vh lte (County Co 111 111 is. ioncr for Dorset), 11rs. Lan downe (County Commandant of Nursing Divi ions), and County Officcr Dr. E. . Bowcs. The Mayor, in reply to the toast" The BorouCYh of ?oole." submitted by Capl. vVhite, thankcd the Corps for Its most useful service. The Borouah felt their work was very very beneficial. The Corps 1">were to be cong-r.at~llated on having Capt. White as County CommISSIoner. . Ald~n~lan Carter proposed the toast of "The Corps" 111 an ongH~al speech. He said it was something unique that an ancient. Order like the Order of St. John should be perpetuated 111 such useful work. Other Orders 111iO'ht also be occupied in a useful way. The good work dontby the CO.rps was well known to him personally. Dlv. Supt. E. Paddock, responding. said the number o~ calls O? the ambulance totalled 430 during the past y ar, an 1I1crease of nearly ninety. The nurses had attended on 156 occasions. Div. Supt. S. Brackstone also responded thankinO' tI1e doctors for their assistance. I 1:> th lh~ Chairman expressed appreciation of the work of e , oClal COl11l11itt('e in organising the slipper.

A I D.

311

During the evening the Mayoress presented medals to the following team, which won the Inter-Divisional competition judged by Drs. Morse) Lee and Barron: Poole Division-Corpl. Prince} Ptes . Bryant} Saxby, Easton and Garton. ---- .

- .- - - -

The St. John Ambulance Brigade Pinals. T Ile 1933 finals for the "Dewar" and "Perrott" Shields and other trophies open to teams from Ambulance and ursing Teams of the Brigade were brought to a succe~sful conclusion on Friday, 2nd June, at the Hotel Great Central, London. The competitions were under the direction of the Chief Commissioner, 1\1 ajor General Sir J ohn Duncan, K. C. B., C.i\1.G., et.c., a~sisted by the Brigade Secretary, ~ l ajor P. G. Dar\'JI-Smlth, C.B.E. The preparation of the tests were in cbarge of a committee consisting of Col. C. I. Ellis, C. LG.,T.D. (Surgeon-in-ChieO, Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, M.A., 1.B. (Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief), Dr. R . L. E. Downer, 1\1. D. (County Commissioner o. 7 District), Capt. F .. E .. Bendix, 1\1. R. C. S., L. R. C. p, (District Surgeon 1\0. 1 District), Dr. H. E. Rawlence, M. D. (District Officer No.2 District), Dr. Gladys E. \Vilkinson, M R. C.S., L. R. C. P. (Di\'. Surgeon TO. 4 District), Dr. C. R. Croft, B.A., B.Ch. (Di\'. urgcon. o. 9 District). Major J. F. C. Hossack, F.R.C.S. (E.), was in charge of patients' make -up, whilst District Officer H. J. \Vriggles\.... orth carried out the duties of Competition Secretary. The Judges on this occasion were: 1\len.-Individua1 and Dual Practical Tests with Oral Questions-:\lajor .-\. \V. ;\nderson, :\1. B., Ch. B. (Sub-Commissioner, Priory for \Vales), Capt. J. A. Henton \Vhite, ~1. D., F . R. C. S. E. (County Commissioner o. 3 (\\'estern) District), Lt.-Col. G. H. L. Hamrnerton, C.il1.G., D.S.O ., T . D. (Corps Supt. TO. 5 District). Team Test.-Capt. :-..I. W. Hammer, M.R.C.S., L.R.C. P. (County Surgeon No.1 District). Uniforms.-l\1r. E. A.. Richards (Commis iOller TO. 8 District), Capt. \V. Goodley, 1\1. C. (Asst. Commissioner TO. 1 Di trict). \Vomen.-Indi\'idual and Dual Practical Tests with Oral Questions.-First Aid, Dr. H. R. lcAleenan, 1\1. D. (Di\'. Surgeon No. 8 Di trict); Home Nursing, Miss E. \\'att ( Iatron, Royal Hospital, Richmond); Bedmaking, 1\Iiss H. 1\1. Darling (A t. Matron, Croydon General Team Test.-I< irst Aid, Capt. A. C. 'White Hospital). Knox, ::'II. c., 1\1. B., Ch. B. (Asst. Commissioner, No. 1 District); Home Nursing, ::'II iss Harvey (Sister Tutor, London Hospital). uniforms.-l\Irs. E. A. T"'eedale, C.B.E., A.R.R.C., J .P. (Lady District Supt., No. -+ District), lis E . M. Rideout (Lady District Supl. No. 1 District. \ Ve were plea ed to note that the suggestion made in these columns after the competitions last year, that better accommodation he found for the men' team test had been acted upon. This year the two team te ts \yer~ stao'ed .., in the larg-e hall, one at each end, and it wa a great impro\'ement. It was specially noticed this year, that there was a decrease in the number of spectators present. At the peak of the afternoon, the compet ition rooms were by no mean crowded. Are thE' finals loosing their glamour, or is the t rade depression responsible? Those pre!'\ent, howe\'(~r, were well repaid for their journey, and ome excellent work was witnessed. Once again the staging of the tests was made po ible thanks to Mr. J oh 11 Iax\\'ell, Chairman of the British I nternational Pictures, Ltd., and Mr. J 0 eph Cro smal1, Studio Manager, who personal ly sUJlcn' ised the mql~ino' of the ct pieces (1nd their erC'\tion. ~

FIR S T

A I D.

June, 1955.

June, 1953. -------

The team test set the men wa as follows : C.\RD OF INSTRU nON FOR BE.\RERS Nos. 2 AND +. You two are at home awaiting the ot her members of \'our team, who in 5 minutes will call at your house in the bi\,j ional Motor Ambulance. It i now raining, and a hea\'y thunder tonn threatens to br~ak out at a~y minute. You are looking through the wlOdow, and 1f you see an accident you should act as you see fit. You have a clean handkerchief and t\\'O triangular bandages only. You know that there i no doctor available and that the hospital i 5 miles away. CARD OF INSTRUCTION FOR O FFICER AND BEARERS Nos. 1 AND 3. Y0U three are in the Divisional :'Iiotor Ambulance on your way to the house of Bearers Nos. ~ nd +, which you will reach in 5 minutes. It is now ralOll1g, and a heavy thunderstorm threatens to break out at any minute. You ha\'e full equ ipment, and you know that no doctor is available, and that the hospital is 5 miles away .. You must do nothing till you are adyised that you have arnved at the house. ACTION OF THE T EST. An elderly lady, with open umbrella and ,,'ea ring a scarf, is stepping on to the pavement after .crossing the road when a boy on a scooter knocks her oblIquely forward so that she falls on her face with forehead resting on the kerb. Thoucrh fully conscio us al first, the patient is to simulate the signs band symptoms of profound shock after 5 minutes. Another woman (also with open umbrella, scarf, and shopping basket) walks down the street 3 minutes after the Test starts. STAGING OF TEST. Divide stage into house (with door, window, couch, blankets, gas-fire, hot-water hottles, etc.), and street (wit h pavement and kerb). Beyond the street place a full-sized model of a motor-ambulance, and conceal it at first by a remo,'able curtain. Arrange for thunder; and at onset spray Bearers in street with water (scent-spray) in imitation of rain. The patient is lying on her face in the roadway with her forehead on kerb and palms of hands flat on ground. She has an abrasion of right palm (red ink), a fractured right arm (two hah'es of wine cork), and a sprained left ankle (cotto n-wool padding). The other woman is a stranger, and knows nothing about first aid, but is willing to assist.

The nurses were set the following : CARD OF INSTRUCTION . Wishing to concentrate upon your practice for the " Perrott" Challenge Shi eld Competition, you have decided to camp out for the week-end . You are at present preparing breakfast. You know that the nearest village is half a mile away and that there is a doctor in the village. The nearest hospital is 15 miles away and no ambulance car is available. You are no t to advance to the case until called upon. ACTION OF THE TEST. A boy a rrives at the watchman's hut with his father's breakfast, and being unable to see hi s father, and finding the door closed shouts" Dad," and bangs on the door. A workman on a bicycle arrives on the scene and having h eard the shouting and banging makes inquiries of the boy. The workman notices smoke coming from the hut and calls to the watchman whom he knows quite well. Not receiving any answer he enlers the hut and after a few seconds drags th3 watchman out face upp ermost. He then_kneels at the

patient's Ilead and presses upper part of che l with both hands- rapidly. The boy somewhat dazed watches the performance for a 'econd or two and then rushes olT to fctch the nurses fr0111 the Camp. . On arri\'al of t'le team the workman continue in hi ' efTort, and is \"ery pe rsi tent in g ivin g- hi s account of the accident. Nearby isa farmhou e where blankets, w ate r, accommodation, etc" can be obtained. 'Vh en the pati nt is taken into the' farm the old lady will olTer to g-i\e him brandy. After 15 minute two more workmen a rri\-e on the ">cene. STAGlr G OF TEST. Front of s mall farmhouse with I11lwable frc)nt to di clo e a furnished bedroom. Roadway und ergoing- repairs, C ' ual tools, lamp, notice board, bricks, debri ', etc. \Vatcbman's hut, door closed. ome ( li t;ht but \ isible) moke i uin o- from cre\"ice around small wind o\\'. Patient in the interio~ of hut. usual equipment of night \nltch11lan therein, includin g table, brazier, broken chair, and broken beer bottle, vVatchman to be lying on his back. IIe ha a fracture of the lower end of thc left humerus, deep lac erated wound, about 1~ in. long, right id e of face, extendin~ from side of nose towards ri gbt ear. Ha~ l11orrhage s li ght and not characteristic, at first, becoming more e\er (arterial) a pati ent recO\'ers.

The Individual and Dual Practica l T esh \\'ere : OFFICER, N. C. O. OR A:-rBULANCE SISTER r:-- Cll.\RGE. You are the caretake r in a science building , and li\'e on the premises. It is a winter e\"enin~, and the only oth r occupants of the building are a student working lall! in the chemistry laboratory and a cha rw oman (".\1rs. Biggs"), \\ ho is engaged in cleaning it. Irs, Bigg knocks at you r door and says that the student ha s met with an accident, and i'i I) ing- on the ..,tone floor of the laboratory. You know that there is a telephone in the building-, and a small first aid cupboard in the laboratory. ..\ rt. BEARERS : OS. 1 A 0 3. Two boys in your house, George and Thomas, ha\'e been struggling for the possession of a chisel like a da gger. Thomas suddenly lets go. Th e chi e l wa<; 5 harp and penetrated George's shirt a nd stu ck well into the upp er part of his abdomen, causing greal pain. Thoma immediately pulled it out. You find George itting in a c ha ir anc! \'ery pale, holding his right side. You have your surgical sack, and Thomas has told you all he knows about it, and is now prepared to he lp you. BEARERS Nos . 2 AI\"D 4, You are about to enter a lrain when an old man, who is walking down the platform, s lips and falls. He is in considerable pain, and is conscious. A porter is prepared to assist, fhe palient is lying on his right side, wearing an overcoat, the right elbow of which is covered with du st. If and when turned on his back he will evince great pain and turn his right foot outwards, Red stain (for blood) on his right shirt sleeve down to and including the cuff, and also on the skin of the right forearm to the wrist. Two broom s fmlll which the heads can easily be removed are wilhin Ilye yards of the patient. . SISTER No. 2 (Home urs ing Test). This little boy has typhoid of lhree ·w ceks'duration. He has a bed snre from which he is believed to have bled. A doctor and nurse are due in ten minutes, and all lheir

FIR S T

A I D.

surgical and medical req ui s ites arc at hand. The moth er sayi>: Please \\ ill you he lp me to gel ready all thc things \\hich thc} may require:"

S.J.A.B. Overseas.

I I

SlS '1 EHS os. 1 ,\I\"D 3 ( Lkdl1l Hking T est). Card of I n~lruclion for T est ,\, . ,\ patient is undergoing an operation for acute appendicitis in a cottage, You are to prepare til\.: bed for receiving the patient after the operation. Th e bed has a lready been washed and di sinfected, and the mattress brushed, Card of Instruction for Tesl B. - You notirc thal the palicnt is ,err pale, h as a quick sighing r spi ration, and has a week and feeble pulse, with a lemperature of 96 degrees. The doclor has ju t left the hou se . Do what you think is ne ces ·a r)".

During the afternoon H. R . II. Prin cess Alice, Countess of ,\lhlone, \ ' ..\ " Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St. John, was present and witnescd an all1bulance and a nursi ng team at work. .\t the completion of the tests the presentation gathering \\ ils held over \\ hich the Sub Prior, the Earl of Scarborough, K.G., G.B.E., K.C.B., pre~id~d. The . ub Prior \\elcomed Prin cess .\li ce who had once again sht)\\ 11 her i ntcrest in the work of the Order by her presencc and b} her willingness to present the trophie and prizes. The chairman also raid tribute to the excell ent \\'ork being done by lh~ l11embe'rs of the Brigade and mentioned that there \\"ere no\\" o\er 57,000 member in the ranks who, during the past.:. ar, had treated 460,000 cases of ;tn'j(.!Lnts or <.,udden illnes . The Chief COll11l1is ioncr then announced the results :J. follows : " Dlnv.\R" CO\lPETITlO:-l, Team District :'Ilarks IIorsham ;\0. 8 402'4 2 c.,ou tha m pton 2 357'+ " 9 .) Exeter- Cit \' 3+6 '+ " ,). "\[ i tcl1l'11 a;ld Butlers 3+3'7 " 5 Great Y,lrmouth 325 '+ " 10 () Crc\\C' ".\" + 305'3 " 7 hre\\'sbury 7 30+'8 )) Tred\:g-ar Pri on'" for ,\Ta les 303 '1 <J ;\c\\'castll' City ;\0, 6 299'2 10 Shelton 5 295'3 " 11 Cricklc\\'ood 1 267 '9 " :\£aXi1l1Llm marks 550. ymons Eccles" Challeng-e Cup, Southampton. Trimble " Troph), H orsham, II

313

PARS I Dl\ -ISIO:-I, Do:-mAY COlO'S. '( An un9~alified success" was the unanimous opinion of all who VISited the first Health, :'Iiaternityand Infant :Velfare Exhibition held at the Headquart ers of, and org-anIsed by, the Pars i Ambulance and Nursing Divisions, from April 22nd to the 30th. . Lady J .e hangir (junior) presided at the opening cere, mony and tormally d eclared the exhibition open. O lhers prcsent were Lady Billimoria, Dr. Edul Behram Dr. Dhunjibhoy:'llehta, Dr. and Mrs . Socrates X oronha,' Prof. Roa, Dr. F, N. Kapadia and Rao Bahadur B. =". Atha,'ale. .. In requesting Lady Jehan gi r to declare open the exhibitIOn, Supt. D . F. P anthaki, :'Il. B. E., J. P., stated that aIt~ough ?ombay cl~ims to be the' (First City in India, " oWIng- to Ignorance in health laws an d other matters it cannot claim to be so in the matter of health. Half of the diseases prevalent in India could be presented jf people were taught the correct mE'thods to combat them. With this end in viev\' and by the co-operation of the public bodies of the city, the exhibition had been staged. Lady) eh~il1gi r in a speech strong-Iy supported Supt. Panthakl 111 hiS statement that health education was most essential. She hoped that the St, John Ambulance would endca\'our to introduce this subject in e"ery school in Bombay. Lady Jehang-ir congratulated the Division for their strenuous efTorts, and that the exhibition would attract those for whose benefit the exhibition was arranged. Dr. Parvi enumerated the dangers 'attendant on the careless use of spirit stO\'es, a practical illustration followed. Dr. Nunan (District Supt. ), who proposed a ,'ote of thanks to Lady J ehangir, ,,'as of the opinion that a kno\\-ledge of first aid should be made compulsory in all schools. It \vas estimated that about 50,000 people visited the exhibition during the nine days it ,,'as open to the public. Th ere was no charge for admittance and the result should encourage the Divi s ion to hold other such ex hibi tions in the near future,

Binding Copies of " F. A." KEEP your Copies of FIRST AID clean and tidyhave them bound .

I I

" PI'I~HOTT" CII.\LLE:\GE SIIIELD, Team District Marks 1 vVelling-boro' Victori a J o. 3 409 '25 " 6 2 IIull (Kingston) 376'87 3 Temple " 1 37+'87 -+ Great Yarmouth " j0 366'5 5 Exeter it," 9 365'5 6 We tgate-~n-Sea 8 362'25 7 Aylesbury 2 3+8'75 7 8 Shre'wsbury 339'62 9 Blackpool + 336 '62 10 L1anelly Prior/for vVales 327'75 11 B ullcroft Coli iery No. 5 323 '12 Maximum 525 marks. " Corbpl Fletch er" Trophy, Hull (Kincrston). "CI1a Imers " Trophy, Hull (Kingston).h "The Lady lountga rret" Cup, vVellingboro' Victoria. H. R. H, Princess i\lice, Duchess of . : \thlone, graciously pre~ented the lrophies and individual prizes to the C0111pettto:s and a copy of I (The J uyenile Manual" to the boy Rnd g irl cadets who had been on duty during thc day,

Send your copies for the la')t Volume (July, 1932, to June, 1933) and we will return same bound in an attractive case of leather cloth with the title of the publication in gold letters ~n the front and side and the eight pointed cross on front, for 6s., post free. Complete Volumes can be supplied at 9s., post free. Binding Cases only, 2s. 9d. post free. Orders should be sent to DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, Lo DO J, E.C.4. " THE PLUMBER. IS.

« JOURNAL OF HEATIN G,"

monthly) Is THE paper for all progressive t rade5-

men - -PubJishloi Office: -46, Cannon Street E. C....

F I :R S T

.314

The competitive zeal which has kept Divisional Teams of the St. John Ambulance Brigade in \Vales astir during the past few months culminated in the annual competitions for the" Llandinam" Shield and" Arthur Griffiths 1\lemorial" Cup, for which ten ambulance and five nursing teams representative of the various centres of the Priory for \Vales competed in Cardiff. Once again the Priory is indebted to the Chief Constable of Cardiff, Mr. James A. 'Wilson, O. B. E., for the use of the Law Courts; and throughout the proceedings which lasted the greater part of the day an enthusiastic gallery of supporters ,yitnessed the contest. The men's teams had to deal with a typical street accident case in which a man lying on the roadside after being run over by a motor car was treated for abdominal wounds. Even more spectacular was the test for the nursing teams, in which 1\liss Turner, the daughter of the Div. Surgeon and Lady Supt. of the Bargoed Nursing Division, gave a very realistic demonstration of a waitress falling unconscious in a cafe. The marks awarded were as follows : AMBULANCE TEAMS.

1, Tredegar, 10nmouthshire, 43-+t marks. 2, Llanelly Town, Carmarthenshire, 428t· 3, Cardiff City Police, City of Cardiff, -+23~. 4, Duffryn Aman, Aberdare, 416t· 5, Ffaldau Institute and Garw, Glamorgan County, 41+~. 6, Kenfig Hill, Glamorgan Cocnty, 408~. 7, Ferndale, Borough of Rhondda, 400. 8, Dowlais Police, Borough of Merthyr Tydfil, 391~. 9, Player's \Velfare, Borough of Swansea, 384t· 10, Penrhos, Brecknockshire, 302. NURSING TEAl'I(S.

1, Llanell), Carmarthenshire, 297t· 2, Abertillery, Monmouthshire, 285. 3, Barry, City of Cardiff, 265t 4, Ogmore Vale, Glamorgan County, 238t. S, Duffryn Aman, Aberdare, 226t· In announcing the results, the Hon. John H. Bruce (Principal Secretary and Commissioner for Wales) said he was pleased to have the presence of the Lord Mayor of Cardiff (Alderman C. F . Sanders, J.P.) and Mr. O. Temple Morris, M. P., as it was very appropriate and encouraging that such representatives should interest themselves in a work which played an important part in the lives of all sections of the community. Mr. Temple Morris, who presented the trophies, congratulated the teams on their success and said he welcomed the opportunity of personally associating himself with the Ambulance Movement, to which he promised his wholehearted su pport. Mrs. Temple Morris made the presentation to the Nurses; and tIle Captains of the first three teams of men and Nurses received their prizes from the Lord Mayor, who proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. and Mrs. T emple Morris, which was seconded by Captain T. E. Richards, Commissioner for the Borough of Rhondda Centre. A vote of thanks to the following judges was proposed by Commissioner E , D. Jones, Carmarthenshire Centre, and seconded by Sub-Commissioner Captain S. T. Beard, O . B. E.: Commissioner S. McCormac, Newport; Corps Surgeon ]. P. Jenkins, Griffithst.own; Corps Surgeon J. Prosser Davies, Hengoed i Divisional Surgeon S. B. Turner, Bar~

goed ; Divisional Surgeon .\. J. Fraser, Tonyral1dy ; Di\'isional Surgeon D. H. 1 aac, Pontardulais; Di\'isionnl Surgeon C. A. Bence, CardifT; :'Ilis Ellen wift, S. R. I 'SPECTION BY C!!lEF CO;\L\lISSIONEfL Saturday, May 20th, was a great day in the history of the Ionmouthshire Centre and of the \\'elsh Priory, a it ,,'as the first occasion for the Chief C0ll111lisiol1er of the St. Johl1 Ambulance Brigade to conduct an in'>pection in \\'aks. A parade of over two thousand members of L'nits in the Ionmouthshire Centre with representati\e contingents frolll the Glamorgan County, City of CardifT and ewport Borough Centre, assembled at Tr degar Park, by thc kind in\'itation of the Viscount Tredegar, C. B. E., who before the I nspection entertained a party to tca at Tr degar IIousl!. The Commissioner for l\[on1l1outhshirc, Dione! ir Joseph Bradney, C. B., assisted by Assistanl- 'ommissioner Captain S. T. Beard, O. B. E., took command of the p lradt", which was the hug-est assembly of Brig-aue pcr'>ol1nel e\'er taged in \\Tales ; and great credit is due to the ;\1onmouthshire Centre for the excellent manner in \\' hich the arrangements were made. Major-General ir John Duncan, K. . B., c.l\I.G., C.V.O., D.S.O., whose inspiring word and rresence \\ill ever be remembered brthostl on parade , 'aid that in no part of the country was ambulance work taken up \\ ith ~-realer interest than in \VaJcs. In his room at head(IuarlCrs hung a large scale map on which ambulance unib \Yere marl'ed with coloured pin ; and the e pins were denser in \\Tal es ·than e\'en in the industrial part - of England. This country had a great gift for \'oluntary public sen·i-e, ot which thL'n~ was no finer example than the Sl. John .\mbulance Brigade; and no where else was ambulan ce "'ork done so ellil'il'lltl, as in Great Britain, where it WilS entird) \ oluntar). T OPENING OF FmST AI[) POST. The Carmarthensh i re Cen tre is to be Cl)l111l1 nded on the enthusiastic manner in which it is taking up the Road Service work as a definite item in its prog-ram1l1e. The erection of First Aid boxes in Pembrcy in 1929 has met a very real need, and to cope with the increasing- number of accidents it was decided to e -tablih a mor cOllll110dioLls station at this centre. There was a good turn-out of ambulance men, boy and girl cadets on Saturday, June 3rd, when the ne w station was officially opened. Supt. H. Davies presided o\,er a large gathering representative of local welfare organisations and religious denominations, all of whom referred in terms of praise and appreciation to the splendid work of the Pembrey Division in undertaking the task of maintaining a ready supply of first aid equipment and at week-ends and holiday times a member on duty to render assistance in case of need. Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O. B. E., represented the Priory, and congratulated the Commissioner, Mr. E. D. Jones, on the work being carried on under his leadership, pointing out that the Carmarthenshire Centre had given a lead in the provision of Road First Aid Posts as well as in other directions; and in competitive work the LIanelly team had on several occasions represented Wales with highly creditable results. TYLORSTOW

FIR S T

Practical; a'1d Dr. A. Coleman, Tylorstown, Theory. Six teams of the Tylorstown Division competed, and Corps Supt. E. Facey's team was successful, receiving- the shield at the hands of 1r. W. R. forgan. -

Przory for Wales. \VELSII BRIGADE FINAL CO~!PETITIONS.

June, 1933.

June. 193.3.

A I D.

Dn' lSION.

The third annual competition for the "Dan Roberts" Memorial Challenge Shield took place at the Tylorstown Ambulance Training- Centre, under the presidency of Mr, W, R. Morgan. The judges were Dr. E. Orr, Wattstown.

rnterl!~t.\~'as added by the presentation of a photograph of the 1)1\'ISIOI1 to ergt. T. W. Hopkins UpOI1 his departure fl-Olll the district after twenty-four years' service. The presentation was maJe by Divisional Supt. Walter I. Davies.

Sergl. T. \V. Hopkins thanked the Division, and stated that he could always Jook back to the enjoyable ti1l1e he had spent with the Unit and gave a few words of encouragement to the younger members to carryon with the good Karl.:: and maintain the high standard of the Division. RIIONDD.\ F .\cll CORI'S

Oilll'ETITIO '.

Only half a mark separated the Ferndale No. -+ and Fcrndall' ~~). 1 teams in the annual competitions organised

A I D.

31S AMBULANCE PARADE AT LLANDUDNO .

For the fir:,t time an ambulance parade and service was held at L1andudno in the English Baptist Church. The Rev. W. A. Compton officiating. The L1andudno Division paraded under Div. Supt. G. SL John Day, and the L1andudno Junction Division under Amb. Officer Verrall. Sir Michael Duff Assheton-Smith, Bart, Commissioner for the Area, was present accompanied by 1\1r. Joseph Taylor, ]. P. (Chairman, Urban Council), Mr. E. Norman J ones (Asst. Clerk), and Mr. A. L. Statham. The parade mustered at the Town Hall, marched to the Cenotaph and thence to the church. Here the Rev. Compton welcomed the visitors and alluded to the ancient origin of the Order of St. John. After the service the company marched to the Town Hall, where they were inspected by Sir Michael Duff

PhotoJIrajJlz by Cou1-tesy] [The Western Mail. 'Velsh Brigade Final Competitions, 1933. Jlr. O. T I11rle :'I10rris, J.P., presenting the "LIandinam" Shield to the Tredagar Ambulance T eam.

b;'

the Rhondda Fach. Corps at Ferndale 011 May 13th, \\ hen the former, :aptall1ed by Corporal E. R. Thomas, wa s ~ccessful.out of elg'ht team:, competing for the" Dr. Glal1nile i\l~rn "Ch.allenge hieJd. Dr. R. S . Thomas and Dr. ]. H. \\ at on adjudicated, and in the Cadet contest for the "Dr. and l\1rs. E. J. Morris" Cup, which was won byTylorstown No. 2 team, Lady Corps SUpl. 1\1rs. R. S. l\IorrisThomas and Lady Div!. Supt. Iiss G. Richards juciged. f Lady (Rhys) Williams, Lady President of the Borough o . RI:ondda Centre, presented t he trophies and prizes to tIle ~ll1nll1g teams and handed a warrant of appointment to l\orps Jnspe~tor of. Stores]. . J ones, while Pri\'ate J ohn forgan. receIved hIS second bar to the Service l\1edal after completIng 2S years' service. tl

(~e

~ .social gathering followed the competition at which r~g~de officers present included Capt. T. E.' Ri chards

P Ommlssloner for the Rhondda), Sub-Commissioner Geor(Te ayne, Corps Officers T. ]. Evans W. l\1orcyan a nd J bS ' b , ..

Jones.

Assheton-Smith, who shook hands and a ddressed each indi\'idual member. It is hoped to make this "Ambulance Sunday" an annual event. Plymouth held a flag-day collection on Saturday, Jun e 10th, in aid of ambulance funds. 3'

•

New hea dquarte rs for the St. J ohn Ambulance Centre at Sowerby B~idge were officially opened on Saturday, May 13th, by the chaIrman of the Urban Council, Mr. C. VV. Maude. The buildin g was pro\'ided by the Council, but a further £270 has been spent in making it serviceable as a Centre. Dr. J . A. Adams unveiled a memorial to the late Mrs . A. Stockton, who was Superintendent of the Nursing Division for 27 years.

When corresponding with advertisers :nention FIRST AID." II

kindly

316

FIRST

A I D.

J une, 1933.

Rat/way Ambulance News. Inter - Railway Ambulance Competition. The 32nd final competion for the Challenge Shield and prizes pre ented by the Order of St. John and for the cup presented by Dr. . Corbet Fletcher, i\l. B., :\1. R. C. S . , wa brought to a successful conclusion on \Vednesday, l\lay 2-Hh, at the \\'harncliffe Rooms, Great Central Hotel, London. The judges on this occasion were Dr. S. Hamilton, :'>1. D., D.P.H., of lewport (:\Ion.), team test; Dr. K. H· Beverley, :\1. R. C. S., L. R. C. P., of Barnsley, and Dr. F. C. Cozens, 1\1. B., :\1. R. C. S., of Herne Bay, indi \·iduals . The test were well staged and throughout the day a large gathering follo"'ed the \\'ork of the competitors. For the team test the follo\\-ing was set : Ko. -t is working on the platform of a railway station. .-\5 a train is moving out be sees a passeng-er rushing wildly along the platform. In endea\-ouring to board the moving train the passenger collides witb a tea wagon, ,,-bicb overturns on top of the boy in charge of it, who sbouts for help. X os. 1, 2 and 3 are em ployed nearby and their assistance can be obtained by sbouting. There is a fully equipped ambulance room, with telephone, and a refreshment room on the platform, and a doctor and ambulance at the hospital, one mile a"vay. It is a cold winter day. There is one bystander. On examination the patient's left arm and hand are found to be scalded, his chin cut, and the right side of his chest bruised. First aid to be rendered in 20 minutes. In the individual tests the competitors were set the following tasks : i'\o. 1 has just come on duty in his signal box, and his mate is leaving for home with a plate of glass under his arm. As he goes do,,'n the steps he falls and cries out. No.2 is engaged for two minutes in attending to his duties as a ignahnan. The patient has severe hcemorrhage near the left shoulder and a fractured left wrist. To first aid material is ayailable except what can be seen. ;\0. 2 is returning home with an ambulance haversack, on ~ very cold morning during an influenza epidemic, when he sees the driver of a horse-drawn milk float fall out on to the ground . There is a passenger in the milk float. The patient fractures his left leg and is unconscious. The road is narrow and curved, with houses on one side. Telephone box 50 yards away. One bystander. ~ os. 3 and -t are on duty on a station platform. As a fast train comes into the station, a passenger opens the door of a carriage, and in trying to dismount before the train stops, slips, and is knocked O\'er by the open door. He fractures his right leg and does not reply on being spoken to. There is a fully etJuipped ambulance room on the station. No.5 is summoned to the house of his next door neighbour and finds that while he was kneeling down chopping firewood the hatchet flew off a knot in the wood and cut his left thigh rather severely just above the knee. He has an am bulance haversack with him and there is one bystander. Later the patient becomes unconscious . First aid in each case to be rendered in eight minutes, At the subsequent presentation meeting Colonel] . T. VY. Perowne, Registrar of the Order of St. J olln, presided. Sir Percival Wilkinson, Secretary-Ger.eral of the Order, announced the results as follows : -

Team. l\lark~ 1, Great Western (Pontypool Road) ,~8~~ 2, Metropolitan Railway ,.. ,)b 3, Southern (Horsham o. 1) 307 4, London & North Eastern (Dukinlleld) 306.\ 5, Southern (\Vaterloo "A") 2<)56, London lidland & colli h (Li\"erpool D.G.M.O.) 285 276§ 7, Great Western (Cardiff-Ne\\'ton) ... 8, London Midland & Scottish (i\lanchestcr :'Ira) field) 254 9, London C ' North Eastern (Harwich L" Parkcston) 2-t5 The re ult howed Cl win for the Great \\'e ... tern Rail" elY, the fir t since 1922. Also, for the first time in r\e )l'<1I:"', the Southern Railway team ' failed to obtain either the rir~t or second place. The chairman introduced ~Ir. G. \\'. E. LlltlL'I', chairman of the Southern Rail\\'Cl), who pre~entcd the. hil'ld and prizes to the competitors. In a hort speech l\Ir. Loder statL'd lw\\' gratifying it was to the directors of the numerau.., raih\'ay Cllll1panies tp know that their employees had taken up fir:>t aid \\'llrk in such large number, and \\"ere reatly to utili..,e thl'ir kno\\' ledge whenever called upon. Col. Pero\\"ne prLlposed a \'ote llf thanks to ~I r. LLlder, to the judges, to 1\11'. J. Grossman fLl!" the excelknt :-.taging effects, and to the stewards and all hel pers . The team test marking sheet was as folIo\\":-. :-

J une, 1933.

FIR S T

Telephone for ambulance car (wi )) come a soo n as poss ible) ... Telephone to hospilal (the docto r is e n gag~d) Use by tander for telephoning '" Inform station master (employing bystande r) (J udge : A crowd has no\.\' collected) Keep back crowd ... . .. '0 fus or unnecessary instructions Nole blood on chin il11mediate prolection of wound' Chnract?r. of II~t:lllorrh~lge? (bright red a'l~d spurting)' ,\p]1l)' dlg-Ital compressIOn on both hcial arte ries ... ote p lilor of face and keel' head low S]1ea.k to pal!e.nt (any information he g-ives is unreli~bl e) Realise conJltlon of hock and coldness of railway plalform Cndo tight clothing and cover warmly PRELDJI:-;,\RY E\: \ .\11~ \TION OF PATIE'T. Examine for fractures of : l'ppel limb,; (none) 2 ; lower limbs (none) 2

1 1 2

2 2 2

2 4

2 4 4

2 4

A I D.

517

Exam.in e thighs and knees (no injury) Exam ll1e legs, ank les and feet (no injuries) T est movements of joints (normal) ... Afle r fract u res have been eliminated

2 2 2

T REATMENT OF PATIE'T.

ClII NSteri lise hand and examine wound for foreign bodies (none) ... . .. T ake care not to re-contaminate hands ... . .. Paint iodine on wound and skin Apply clean dry dressing and pad of cotto'~' \\"001 T aking care to keep dressings clean ... Bandage firmly .. . . .. R elax pressure on facial arteries I s hremorrhage controlled (yes, if properl) applied) SCALDED LEFT FOREAR~I-

3 6 4

Procure from steward basin, hot wateJ-, dessertspoon Very carefully remove coat and shirt sleeve Taking care not to break blisters

Card to be handed to :\ o. -to You are on the platform of a railway :-tation. .\s a train is mO\'ing out you see a pa. scnger rll:-.hin~· \\ iltll} along the platform. In endl'<l\lluring tl) bl)arc.l thL' n1ll\'in!; train he collides with a tea wng-on, which \)\'l' rlUI ns l)n lllp of the boy in charge of it, \\'ho ... houts illl" l1L'lp. ~l'''. 1, l. and 3 are employed nearby and their a,>~istance can he ohtained by shouting. You know that there i~ a fully elluipp d ambulance room, with telephone, and a rdrl'sl.mL'nl nll\lll on the platform, and that there is a tlllelar anti ambulance at the hospital one mile away. It i a colJ winkr chI). TilerI.' is one bystander. Render first aid. Time alll)\\ L'U, 20 minutes, beginning when} ou hear the crash. Non: FOR J UDGE.-The patient i I} ing l'n his Idl :-.idl' , "'ith left ann extended. The left slcc\c is wet and the skin of forearm and hand is coloured pink, There is a pool of water under left arm. The tea-wagon is resting lHl pat ient's right chest, and there are broken cups and an 0\ crturned tea urn on the 1100r. Patient's face is chalked and a transverse wound of the chin is marked by red grca<;e-painl. One bystander. Cards indicate "First Aid ROOl'l," '( Motor Ambulance," " Refreshment Roo III , " with steward, who will supply, if requested, hot and cold wuler, two enamelled basins, a dessertspoon, hot tea and or cofTee, empty bottles, and a bOllle labelled" Brandy," If it has pre\'iously been sent for, th timekeeper will announce at three-quarter time, "t1w ambulance ha~ arrived . " IMMEDIATE ACTION.

No.4 calls team Rapid approach to scene of accident Note surroundings and distress of patient Use tactful and reassuring words to palient Warn patient not to move Remove tea-waggon to a distance Remove broken cups Send for first aid material

.The Pont) pool Road, G. \\'. R., Ambulance Team, winners of the Inter-Raihvay Ambulance Shield . landlllg- on the extreme left i Lord Churchill (Chairman G. \ V. R .), and next to him l iss C. A. Ault, G \\' R Centre Ambulance Sec retary. . . , Spil~c (none) 2 ; Pehis (none) 2 I;eclde lo c?ntillue treatmellt in \\'arm refreshment rOOI11 I,elllo\'e qUlckh b\ human stretcher Place him on b-Jan-ket On Goor of rcfre hment room ... FURT!JER

1 ote the area scald~d (1:ft for:arm and hand) Prepare warm alkalll1e 111 basll1 Suitable heat (98·-t degs. P,) and cor~~'ct treno-~i~ (dessertsp~onfu~ of baking soda to pint of wate~) Place left arm 111 10tlOn P repare trips of lint or gauze::: .. . ,oak in alka line lotion and apply to arm .. . k eep the dressing- moist '" .. . Apply co~tonwoo l and bandage lightly u ppor t 111 large arm sling ...

EX ,\~IIN'\TION OF PATIENT.

Feel p.ulse (112 wcal,) ... EXal1l111e breathing (26 sha llo\\') ~eel t~lllperature of skin (ubnormal) .. . l; ~~I1l~ne scalp and temple (no injury) .. . ~~dl1l~l1e ears and nose (nothing abnormal) ~xam~ne eyes for scalds, etc. (none) hxalllll1e lower jaw for fracture (none) left forearm rNote scalded ' ... :.xamll1~ r,ibs, abdomen, g-roin (after 100 eni ng clothe) (no IIlJury) ate brui e on right chest ~~am!ne bacl~ a~d buttocks (~~ inj u ry) ::: xamll1e claVIcles and scapu lre (no inj ury)

2 2 2 2 2 2

2 4 2

T REAT S HOCK-

--I-

2 2 2

Keep head low and raise feet ... Con~ r wit h blankets A~k for hot water bottles (onl;'- ~I11Pty bot't'l~s u\'ailabi~) FlI l. and apply hot bottles to legs, abdomen, chest S~nn kle face w ith hot and cold \\'ater alternately VIgo rous u pward fr iction of limbs (except left arm) Sm elling salts to n ose ... •••

-f -f

2 6 2 --I-

FIRST

518 Give hot strong tea or coffee Has shock developed into collapse (no)

TREATMENT OF BRUISE. Obtain bottle of brandy from teward :'Ilake lotion with cqual parts of cold water and brandy Soak lint in thi and apply to bruise Retain with chest bandage No unnecessary questions TRANSPORT. Prepare, test, and place stretchcr Place blanket on stretcher to fold over patient Load tretcher; no slings required Realising that shock is still present Replace hot bottles a befgre... Lifting, carrying, and lowering stretcher Load on ambulance car; two bearers to accompany... Report at hospital history and treatment... .-\nd diagnosis: scalds, shock, wound of chin, bruise of chest Obtain address of patient and send tactful message home Remaining bearers take care of ambulance matcrial left Smartness and co-operation of team

2 2

2 2 2 -+

-+ -+ 6 -+ -+ 0

AID.

Junc, 1933 .

A few minor criticisms are : Ilot 7valer boll/es.-Do ambulance mcn always cxpect hot watcr bottles to be handed out on dcmand, rcady filled r I think when emply ",inc bottlcs are orrered, the first aider might attempt to fill and cork them. Thc examination of the patient \\'as carried out in a pedunctory manner by somc teams. Thrcc teams actually fail d to find one of the injuries. ome teams talked too much. .-\ :\Ir. G. \\'. E. Loder remarked on pre enLing the prizes, "Fir t aid is a praclical science in which one has to do something and not talk about it." In conclusion, I I11U L expres' my thanks to lr. D. G. T\lonteith and his stalT for the excellenL manner in \\'hich thc test was staged, and for thc arrangen1l'n> g-enerally. IL madc the work of both judges and competitors asier.

6 2

INUJYII) '.\L TESTS ~os. 3, -+ Ai\D 5 BY K. J I.\IWLD B~\ EI{LEY, l\l.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

2 10

260

CO;\l;\IENTS A 'D CRITICIS~lS BY TilE JUDGES. TEAl\! TEST BY S. HAMILTON, M.D., D.P.H. I know that the competitors in the Inter-Railway Ambulance Competition and ambulance men generally will be able to read a criticism of themselves and take it in good part. "What happened in ancient Athens at the height of her death struggle with Sparta has been quoted as the supreme proof of civilisation. Aristophanes, the author of many brilliant comedies, wrote a devastating atire holdingup the war party (then in power) to general ridicule. Il could not be produced without their (the war party's) licence. Nevertheless, they licenced it and even paid to ha','e it produced. As I admit I may not be able to satisfy that very searching test myself, my criticisms shall be of a friendly character. The reading of the brief history of the accident by No. -+, together with the scene staged on the platform, must have made the accident and its surroundings real to every competitor. Here was a boy "w ith injuries, one visible (chin) and one partially visible (left hand), with a pale face and a subnormal temperature, lying on a cold railway platform. I need not remind first aiders how often the word" Shock" appears in their textbook. "When reading the daily paper they must have frequently observed reports of inquests on those dead from burns or scalds and that the verdict of the coroner "w as invariably" death from shock due to burns (or scalds)." In the test a " resourceful" first aider would be aware that this boy is scalded and is lying on a very cold platform suffering severely from shock. Being assured that his team has already controlled hremorrhage by digital pressure, the question would arise-can the patient be got into shelter \vithout injuring him further by moving him? Then would follow an examination of the upper and lower limbs, spine and pelvis for fractures. None having been found he could be carried to shelter nearby by means of the human stretcher. Further examination and treatment would be carried out and the degree of shock lessened. Some teams lost marks heavily by continuing their treatment on a cold platform.

In giving a short commentary of the \\'ork pre nted by lhe competitors in till' Inclividual Tests I had the honour to judge, I \vish first, to congratulate all, upon the \cry high standard of elTiciencr attained. From pre\'ious ~xperience as a judge in thi.., important competition, I full) expected a high clclss performance, nc\ertheles I consider this year's \\'ork tll be in ad\cu1ct: l)f that pre\ iouly attained. Seeing thaL an aClual case requiring lir..,t aid rarely occurs when a whole team is within hailing- di..,tanl , but is more frequently in charge of one, or at 1110stt\\'0 members uf a team, I regard the I neli\ idual portion l)f til cOl1lpL'litinn as tile more important work. :\ow, a \\'l)rd to the 0111pcLitors :Do not make up your l1lind that t111: rrimar) accident i.., all you may be called upon to treat (c.g-., a cut acro til thigh), but remember a cl)l11plication such as fainting often takes place, particulari) \\ hcn the anxiet) in the patient's mind is relie\'cd by the attention Lo thc wound which i now secluded. The sudden appearance of this complication appearecitn upset your calculation::. in th treatmcnt l)f th l'asc; you would do well to practise such emergencies- liJl' till,)' o/tell occur in real It/e. This was the chief cau e in not attaining your ambition of full l11ctrks. \-\,iLh regard to 1\os. 3 and of, if you had a better understanding between your elves, and each took his /ai,. share of responsibility, instead of leaving Lhe whole or majority to one man (probably the captain a a result of habit in Team T st work) you would do much better. I should like 1I10l'e care in your handling of fractures please; particularly a COlllminuted fracture. I should like to congratulate the attendants and patients upon the excellent way they entered into the spirit of the competition and the splendid service they all gave. I also wish to mention the g-reat improvement brought about by the authorities in putting the odd team through at the centre of the competition and not at the end. lay I respectfully suggest, that as eight minutes are allowed for a onc man test, ten minutes would be better for the combined test; a two man test necessarily being a little longer and I found we had sufficient time to spare for this being allowed. As a judge, I was pleased Lo witness the Stretcher TesL before being tou tired to absorb it by Lhe arduous work of the day's proceedings. I thoroughly enjoyed meeting so many of the old faces and fricnds in competitors, stewards and officials, and I sincerely wish this important competition many more years of life and progress.

FIR S T

June, 1933.

SOME Il\Il'HESSJONS OF AN OLl) CA~IP.\IGNER. _ S!1cakin g as ':1.11, intere~ted spedc:to.r, the thirty-second contest for Int~r-Radway Challenge Shield was one: of the besL III fad, It savoured more of the old finals of pre-\\'ar days than, perh;~ps, any we have h~d since. Some of those \\'ho havc been 111 the 1l100'ement long enough to recall the old contesLs (of happy memory) at thc Portman Roollls remarked that the 1933 "Inter" \Vas "just IiI e t1 " old days." { lC The ad.l1lirable .a~~ommodation

the \Vharnclirre venue for the

Roollls.;.~nd Its accl'sslbdlfy makes it an ideal

competItion. i'llo.re than a wor~ of Lhanks is due to whocver \Vas :e:pon,sd~lc for t.hc .a~mlrablc staging: of the tests this year, Includlill-, .the I.ndl\ Idual work, which ha\'e been rather ncgle~ted .111 thiS respect in the past. The bettcr sellin" re~ultll1g III a IllLlch n:or(' equal distribution of spcctato;: till onghoutthe da), wilich 1l1U::.t have been gratifying to all concerned. " It has bcen ,>aid that railway ambulance competitors . lo.\~e a, gr~usc." 'VeIl, perhaps, \vc may ha\'e had some Justdlcatlon 111 Lhe past, but it looks as if the time is near when wc sh.a!1 ha\'c on: really big grouse, and that because ~ he colm p tl,tlon organlser~ ha\:e left u nothing to grouse ~thout, !hlngs ha\'c certa1l11), IlllprO\ed wonderfully, and it IS ?nl) fair to be grateful fOI- the changes, and, to g-i\'e the f<ul\\,ily ctm.bulance man :,i':i du , he is grateful, a'nd fulh expre,>sed hiS arrln!ciation at the' linal this ,'car . \ fcure, 'at f l rec. } Cl) 111 Illell ted . upon, \\'a " the fact that nc\\' blood \\'as taking tile place 01 some of the old teams and I't \\'a · I I I ' (' , p ar t ICU ar) (l casing \\ Ithout any disrespect to past holders) to see a teal11 of fresh ,"ounO" competitor C'lrr)' ofT Ll e ' tmphy. t:( 1 JJrcmler , ~\'hat perhap~ alTorded the greatest cause for gratificatIOn ' ,1I11ong..the nllh\ men \\ cas. tIle clla~llSeln 10' . tl ,ay -ambulance . , le ll)mpelltlon whlc.h prO\ Ided for an indcpendent "patienl" 111 thc tea.1ll tL' st as 111 the indi\ idual tests. This has been the pra~tl~e for a decad? .or more in certain of the railway L Oll1pa~lll'S own .COlllpl'lltlon , and it wa alwa\'s diJl1cult to apl;reCtate \\ h) 111 a national ('ontcsl like th~ "Inter" the pL)llc) sho~ld he so con er\,atin'. \\'e thank our Independent Jou~nal, I',IRSJ .\11), ~or the part il has consistently played in ge_ttlllg thl'> mallcr r,lghted, and hope we Cctl1 also thallk it fl)1 ll~e a.bs nee of \' Iva \'OCC te ,t this year. After all, the exam Ill:lll.l)(l, n~)t the competition, i thc place for oral te t . . Var~I_llg.\ IC\\' were exchanged at the competition all1~)Ilg 111 t-alders as to \\'hethel ' the chan<re reO"ardinO' the I?<ltlent. \\'ould lead to another, i. c., ill th~ nun~er men composIng a team, and a " one of the railway has adopted lite four~n:an team, and otbers ha\'c hesitated to follow that lead, opInion secmed somewhat di\·ided. TI:e Inter-Raih\'a) llnal j perhap the only occa ion ~~~~t bnng-. to one central point so mallY railway ambulance ' l'~F' ~nc.l Il was go~d to ee among the company at \\'harn~ 1_e" 1'..00111 on ~mrlr~ Day many of the veteran of pre-war I~nals keenly dl 'cus Ing contests of other days. A.n oldl~l11er, who has ~gured in th final arena on- many occa~Ion~, w.as recallll1g the \'arious lests of other years- to the :~llllratlOn o.f a younger generation. He spoke of the fir t o~t ~t realism-the make-bclie\'e snow storm in the 1913 rrel.II1l.lnar y , a~ld thc surprising ITect of the first secret time Illllt 111 the IInal of that year. .\s is usual the old da)'s were 'I the present, and the former ,~ . I c' 0 n t" [,lS t e d \\'Itl coloured Wit 1 thal rosy huc which time alone seems to bestow. . (nd so the day and the competition wore on all too l~UIC dr, Here a man from the i\J idlands is chalJen(rino' a ounger on(' from South \Vale on some point of cOIl1;eti~on t~re, and asserts that he bas seen more Rail\\,a\' Finals than le. other has had birthda)'s . Di cuss ions a;e vaned bUL all' I . T lllany and b '.. 111 lappy veIn. he young alJo\\' the old to e reminiscent, and wink a knowing eyc at their fellows as

A I D.

319

tl.le veteran expounds his own way of pulting all competitIOns on a proper footing. Well, that> as.it is, and much as it always was years ago, and we enjoy It all to day as we did then. Yes, for some reason, the 1933 " Intcr" was morc like one of the old contests than many of the recent ones have be~n. \Ve went back to our home stations g-Iacl that the shIeld had changed hands, for that is always in the best interest. of ~ur g-r~at movement. Glad that a young team had w?n It thIS year. Glad of the oprortunity of shaking the winners b) the hand, and looking forward to further " Inters" with joyful anticipation. A. O. H.

Great Western . . News of th~ .Great \Vcstern victory in the InterRailway competItIOn \\'as received with gratification throughout the. syst~m, and messages of congratulation ha\'e been ~eceived from many quarters. Followmg the. contest the m.embers of the Pontypool Road team (the wmners) and fnends were entertained at the ~oyal Hotel" Paddington. by ~Ir. ]. F. Lean, Principal ASSIstant to the General .Manager and Chairman of the Ambulance Committee, when) among others present, were ~Ir. \V. ~. Chapman (Ambulance Centre Secretary 1910Ault (Centre Secretary), 11r. ]. H. 1929).. MISS c. Cad\\ allad~r (Dl\·. Amb. Sccrctary, ewport), ~1r. B. Board (DIY. Amb. Secretary, Cardiff) and ~frs. Board, and ~Ir. G. H. Iles (Di\'. Amb. Secretary South Wales Docks). ' The celebrations included a visit by the team to the Aldwych T~eatre, Lon~on, and prior to leaving Paddingt~n for theIr horne s~atlOn on the following day the team \\ as photographe? WIth .Lord Churchill (Chairman of the Company), who IS PreSIdent of the Great Western Railway Ambulance Centre) and other officials. On arrival at X c\yport, en route for Pontypool Road t~e team was met by ;\1r. Tre\'or Roberts (Diy. Supt.: .0l e\\'por~), and other officials and received further congratulatlOns, T~e winning team consistcd of Messrs. A. Griffiths (capta1l1), II. Thomas) \V, H. Francis, F. T. Ball and W. Boucher. )

0-.

, GOLD ~l~D.\LLI T~' OUTING.-The gathering of G.\V.R. Gold ~Iedalhsts) whIch took place at Abergavenny on Saturday, May 13th, was the eleventh of its series and \'eteran workers in the ambulance cause all holde~s of t1:c G.vV.R. fifteen years' efficiency med~l, foregathered fiom all parts of the system. The party, which numbered upwards of 400 members and their "'ives, took luncheon at the ~lar~et Hall, Abergavenny, when 1\1r. Trevor Roberts (Dl\'. Supt.) Newport), prcsided, and among his supporters ~vere the Mayor of Abergavenny (Councillor Max BeverIdge), t~e Depu~y ~layor (Mr. H. Godwin), Mr. S. A. Blackall (Dn'. Engmeer), and Miss C. A. Ault (Ambulance Centre Secretary). Mr. Rober.ts, " relearning the medallists) read messages of congratulatlOn and good wishes from Mr.] F Lean .Mr. H. L. Wilkinso~1) an~ Mr. W. G, Chapma~.· , The party, ha\'mg VIewed the scenic attractions of Abergayenny, proceeded by motor coach to LlanO'orse Lake, . where the afternoon was spent in delightfu{' surroundmgs. A return was made soon after 4 p.m. to the ~larket Hall) wh~r.e th~ members took tea and soon afterwards those. resldmg m the more distant places commenced to disperse. The arrangements for the outing, which were a

320

FIR S T

triumph of organisation, were in the capable hands of Mr. J. H. Cadwallader, the Ambulance Secretary for the Newport Division, and his Divisional Committee. G.vV.R. HONouRs.-Among recent admissions to the Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England in the grade of Serving Brother are the following members of the staff, all of whom have rendered exceptionally meritorious services to the ambulance cause on the Great \Y estern Railway oyer a long period: Mr. D. T. Sinnet, Foreman, Loco. Dept., Swindon (late of Shrewsbury); Mr. A. E. Checkley, Yard Foreman, Leamington; Mr. W. J. Van tone, Inspector, Div. Supt. Office, Bristol; Mr. G. Hopkins, Passenger Guard, Wolverhampton; Mr. G. \Vhitehorn, Signalman, Cheltenham; Mr. A. T. Turner} Carpenter, Reading; Mr. V. H. O. Harris, Passenger Guard, Chalford. \VEYlIOUTH.-A most successful gathering of ambulance workers took place at the Queen's Hall, \Veymouth, on l1ay 24th to mark the 21st anniversary of Dr. F. H. Rodier Heath's services as lecturer and

June, 1933.

A I D.

with their trophies, and a similar gift was handed to Dr. Cooper. Mr. icholls) who was enthusiastically received, made a strong appeal to the younger members of the staff to interest themselves in first aid activities. The excellent concert provided was much appreciated by the audience.

---. _ . - - -

London, Midland and Scottish. ABER GAVENNY.-There were about fifty recipient c; r f awards gained during the past year by members of 1 c Abergavenny ambulance class when the presentatiOl.s were made at a social gathering at the Y.M.C.A. Hall on May 13th. Mr. E. Crossley presided and was supported by l\1r. C. H. Tait) the l\layor of Abergavenny (Councillor Max Be\'eridge), Capt. S. T. Beard (Sub-CommIssioner for l\lonmouthshire), Dr. G. \V. Parry, Dr. D. W. Fryer, and others. The j\Iayor referrec..1 to the ambulance work amongst

June, 1933.

FI RST

Pageant Hall on May 17th. Mr. Littl eton Stamper presided. The Chairman welcomed Dr. Fraser who spent a considerable time instructing the class and teams and many of the honours gained, he said, were largely due to the splendid manner in which the doctor had stimulated interest in the movement. Mr. Stamper then appealed to non-ambulance men to join the classes next season, and assist the movement which was one of the finest on the system. Ambul ance work so far as the railways were concerned was a valuable asset both to the individual and to the Company. ?lIrs. Fraser then distributed the awards to the successful candidates. The Long Service Gold Medal was presented to 1\1r. II. Winter and a Twenty-year Gold Bar to l\Ir. J. Costello. Mr. Wilson presented to the winning teams the Workshops Cup, the Mixed Cup and the Individual CUf). On behalf of the class members, Mr. Coulthard handed. tf! Dr. Fraser a set of china as an expression of appreCiatIOn for the yaluable services he had rendered to the mo\'ement at Carlisle. Dr. Fraser replied in a witty speech. Mr. Coulthard presented a clock to 111'. Fullwood, the ~ocial Secretary, in appreciation of his cr\'ices . IIUfJDERSFU:LD.-.i\ smoking concert and oresentatiol1 I)f award' took place at the Old Hal Hotel Hudder field OJ] May 17th. l\Ir. J. L. ~lilner presided.) He spoke of the importance of first aid study and thanked the memhers ior .their intere t in the work. IIe appealed to tl.lcm to. contlllue their studies. promi ing them all posSible ;1S. Istance. ~lr. '. E. Fry presented the thirty-two awards to the :--ucc(ssful candidate' and spoke to each, words of l'nCc)U ra ~C1l1C'11 t. ~Ir. \V. ~rl·ado\\'., on behalf of the class, pre ented a rcadln~ lamp In Dr. IIH~'hal11 as an expre. ion of its apprcCialifll\ of the sen'ices given by him as lecturer. Dr. Ingham suitahly replied. All l'xccllent 11111 ical programme was pro\'ided and greatly appreciated. -

Fochriw Station Ambulance Team, winners of the Rhymney Railway Shield.

examiner of the Weymouth G.W.R. class. Mr. T. F. E. J akeman Station Master, presided, and among the large company' present were Mr. R. H. Nicholls,. C.B.E:, exSupt. of the Line; Mr. H. A. Alexat?-der, Dlv. Engmeer, Taunton; Mr. P. Boyle, M.B.E., Manne Supt.; Mr. H. J. Peacock, Asst. Div. Supt., Bristol; and Drs. Rodier Heath, R. V. Cooper and W. R. Thrower. The Chairman congratulated the class on its many successes, including the double honoyr of winni,ng the " Digby" Cup and" Templeman" ShIeld (the semor and junior competition trophies respectively), the "Butt" Bowl for the best beginners' team on the G.W.R. system, and the distinction of presenting two teams in the Final Competition at Paddington. Mr. G. S. Hodder, Div. Amb. Secretary, gave some interesting statistics with regard to the progress of the n:ove~ent in the Division. A large number of exam mat !On awards and competition prizes were distributed by Mr. Alexander, an~ a pleasing incident in the proceedings was the presentatlOn to Dr. Rodier Heath of a framed photograph of the team

railwaymen and hoped that the movement would 0 spread that in time every railway employee would be an am bulance man. 1\1r. Crossley specially mentioned Capt. Beard, and in calling him the "Grand Old Man" of ambulance, paid him a tribute for what he had done for the movemen~ over a period of many years. Following the presentation of awards, Mr. Tait outlined the present strength of the ambulance movement on the L.M.S. The figures showed that the movement still maintained its high standard. Mr. J. Lynch, on behalf of the class, presented Dr. Parry with a pipe in case as a small token of appreciation of the services he had rendered to the class as Instructor. The recipient suitably replied. CARLISLE.-The value of ambulance work as an asset to the railway travelling public and to the employees was emphasised at the distribution of awards which took place at a Tea and Social Evening held in the Silv~" rill

LOXC;SlldlT. The AIl11ual Concert and pre entation of amhulancc a\\ards to the Long-sight cla s was held in the .Rail\\,aYl11rn ·s In titule on Thnr day, ~Iay 25th. The chair \\'as taken hy Mr. Fearn, :i\Ir. Rigby presenti11g the a\\'ard~. n eloquellt appeal was made bv these two gcnt!cmen for men to take un this .O'reat wo~k, 1\1r. "Vood lendmg encourag-emcn.t by. rel:narking that the Longsight team \\~as uccessf ul 111 W1I1n1110' the second Diyision of the District competitions, and pointed out that three of the 1\layfield team, winners of the hield) were past mem.bers of the Longsight class. Messrs. Shaw and At.1dm w ood, of the Motive Power Department, also added SUItable remarks. WOLVERTo).".-The presentation of awards gained by L.1\I.S: ambulance men and women at Wolverton took place m t.he Ambulance Rooms on May 16th. Mr. Purves, who pre Ided, gave a resume of the past year's work and congratulated the members on their successes. In the Course of his remarks he referred to the honour conferre.d upon Mr. J. N. Fessey by the S.J.A.A. by being appomted an ~onorary Serving Brother in the Order. In conc1uSlOl1, Mr. Purves thanked, on behalf of the tass, .Dr. D. W. A: Bull, who had given his services as ectul er over a penod of many years. Thanks were also tendere.d. to Dr. Maquire for his great assistance to the competltlOn team. ~r. E. F. Merrett then presented to the successful candIdates thirty-six certificates, thirty-three vouchers,

A ID.

321

twenty medallions, seventy-eight labels, one gold medal, one 20-year gold bar, four 2S-year gold bars and four 30-year gold bars.

London and North Eastern. The seventh International Ambulance competition between the leading English and Scottish teams of the L. & KE. Railway took place at Glasgow on May 30th. On this occasion Scotland was represented by Dundee Tay Bridge and Edinburgh Waverley whilst Dukinfield Works and Harwich and Parkeston rep~esented England. The competitions were held in the spacious headquarters of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association in North Street, the arbiters being Dr. J. Drysdale Glaister, M.B., Ch.B., of Glasgow, team test, and Capt. A. C. White Knox, M,C., M.B., of London, individual practical. The text book of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association, which the Scottish teams use, differs in many ways to that of the St. John, but the tests were skilfully blended so that no team was unduly handicapped. .The team test was held in the large lecture hall and stagmg effects were used, one excellent effort being a full sIze motor ambulance WIth open-work sides which allowed the judge and spectators to follow th~ team working inside the ambulance. The test was as follo\\'s : Card .. A." "A collision has occurred at a station. On a seat in a wrecked compartment is an insensible passenger. The door of the compartment is hanging open ~nd the seats are crushed against his legs. Your squad IS summoned to render all necessary assistance. There i first aid material in the Station-master's office and haIfa-mile away is a hospital \\'ith a motor ambul~nce. Th e ambulance waggon can be brough t to the foot of tep at end of the platform." Card .. B " (to be attached to patient). c, The passengers: leg bot~ han unnatural mobility below the knee~. He IS unconsclOu , pale, cold and has a weak pulse. ,. Card "C' (to be handed to Xo. 4 before loadin<y Ambulance). .. As soon as the Ambulance is loaded "y,(; -+ say : . Oh, my head' and fall down unconscious. His face is flu h.ed al:d his right arm and leg are limp." In the mdl\'ldual tests ~ os. 1 and 3 had to treat a patient who had fallen from a train and sustained a wound ~n right ide of face and simple fracture of left arm. :\os. 2 and 5 had a patient who had fallen down s?me steps. and was suffering from compound fracture r~ght leg WIth bone protruding and simple fracture right nbs. No. 4 was called to a case where a man while attempting to board a moving train tripped and f~ll forward. on hIS face and sustained hcemorrhage from left nostnl of nose and also sprained left ankle. Each competitor also had to answer an oral question. . Mr. A. K. McCosh, Director of the Company preSIded at the presentation meeting and among those p;esent were: 1\1r.. J. Calde~ (General Manager) Scotland), Mr. H: ~. HallIday (ASSIstant to the Chief General Manager, King s Cross), Dr. McBride (Medical Officer), Dr. Mcl\:Iahon (London), Mr. T. E. IIaywood (Mechanical Eng~neer, ~cotland), Lieut.-CoL G. S. E. vVebb, D.S.O., (PolI~e ChIef) of the L. & N.E.R., Col. Mackintosh (ChaIrman), Mr. Wellwood R. Ferguson (General Secretary), and Mr. Henderson (Assistant Secretary) of the St. Andrews.' . Ambulance Association, Mr. D. G. Monteith (CompetItlOn Secret~ry, St. John Ambulance Association), Me~srs. R. S. ~everndge, \Vm. Goodley, G. Jackson, T. O. Me111, T. Smlt~, and T. Wright (Railway Ambulance Centre Secretanes) and 1\lr. Rafton, (Secretary Special Ambulance Committee.)

FIRST

3~2

The Chairman announced that the winners were Harwich and Parkeston team, Dukinfi Id being" second and the two Scotti h team, Edinburgh \-Va\·erley and Dundce Tay Bridge, occupying the third and fourth positions.

:Mr. 11cCosh congratulated the winners on wresting the Shield from Scotland, Aberdeen haying been successful last year, and also on haying won the hield all two previous occasions. The Shield was then presented to the winning team amid great applause. Dr. McBride propo ed a yote of thanks to the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association for their kind hospitality and assistance and also to the St. John Ambulance Association for their co-operation. Col. Mackintosh suitably replied. A vote of thanks to the arbiters by Mr. Halliday to which Dr. J. Drysdale Glaister replied and a vote of thanks to the Chairman by Mr. Calder brought the proceedings to a succe flll termination. NORTH - EASTERl

AREA.

The members of the engineers' class at DariingLon meL in St. Luke's Institute on May 12th, for their annual social. Mr. \V. l\Iurray, works manager, presided, and Ir. T. H. Bygate, list enginf'er, presented the a ward to the mem bers and \yished them further successes, be also handed to Dr. "T. \-V. For ytb, lecturer, a book on "Yorkshire"; lr. G. Bolton, Treasurer, and I r. J. H. Scarr, class secretarr, each a pair of glove, and to i\1r. F. vVade, the instructo·r, a fountain pen. Among3t those present were :,\lr. Geo. Jackson, Genl. SecLy., ;'lr. S . Cooper, Dist. Secty., :\1r. S. Hardwick, Dist. Chairmnn, ;,1iss Bygate and 1\1rs. Cooper. June 10th was" Ambulance Day," so far as four of the six districts in the N.E. Area was concerned, three good trains arrived at Scarboro' from the Ncwcastle district, two trains ran from York to \VhitJey Bay, two from Leeds and one from Hull to Redcar and Saltburn. :,\lost delightful weather prevailed at each resort, and over 6,000 em ployees 'vYith their wi\Oes, children and "best girls," thoroughly enjoyed themselves on the sands and aL the other amusements provided at these places.

The Preparation of Competition Tests. By DR. G. D. TULLIS, M.B., Ch.B. THE task set me in giving my "Rules and Regulations" in compiling Tests is a difficult one and doubly so when one has to follow such specialists as Dr. Corbet Fletcher whose Tests are, or should be, models for any judge who takes his job seriously, and his excellent article on his methods is a masterpiece. He seems to go about it in much the same way as I do but clarifies his processes more lucidly than I can. Before going any further I should like to venture to cross swords with him on one point and, to my mind, a very important one . He makes one sweeping remark which I cannot allow to go unchallenged. He says ". we were forced to add an item labelled' extras.' \ iVith the gradual development of the modern detailed Marking Sheet the last named item is rightly regarded as a confession on the part of the

June, 19.33.

A I D.

judge that he has not solved his own problem in its entirety." Now I do not agree with this statement, although it might he true to state that o n occasions the" extras could help a judge out of a hole if he had not gone sufficiently into the detailed possibilities of the Test. I invariably put an item at the end of a Team Test" Extra Efficiency :\Iarks"which arc used to cover work which not only was correct but was exceptionally well done, and also to cover extra good captai ney and team work . I t is surely admitted by your abl correspondent that a fractured thigh might b~ perfectly and correctly splinted so that the patient could be transported without any ill befalling him, and it can have all this" plus that little bit of som thing extra " fin ish, neatlless, etc., which demands marks in addition to those actually given for making a good job of it. The Editor's req ue ,t arri veLl by the same post as an invitation to judge a big om petition in London and so I am in a way more vividly able to describe what I do in such cases . The Rules governing the Competition have, of course, to be scrupulously adhered to, and having got them definitely into my mind I have noted that the Competition will be judged on the latest edition of the Textbook. This is important because I have known judges discomfited if they have judged a Test on 8.n earlier edition than the one used by the competitors. (Th Red ross and the St. ] ohn books have both been recently amended). Having ascertailLed from the Secr tary the nature of th~ room and the amount of staging he can put up, I then wind up my imarrination and allow it to gradually ul1\\ind as I motor along country roads on my visiting round. Firstly, I consider what type of com peti tors ther are going to be. Are they of one mind in their 0 cupation, e.g., Railwaymen, Police, Boy couts, etc. , or are they drawn from every path of life? I think this is important because before and during the Competition the judge must think with the competitors and so see the man's side of it as well as his own. The Test preferably should he in connection with the particu lar work thes people do-you are bound to get the best out of them and that is what you are after. Then I search my memory, newspaper and newspaper cuttings for the story of an accident. By this I do not mean the actual injuries hut the" surroundings. " Then I stop and decide what injuries would most likely result at such an accident, how many patients would be injured, and how far off First Aid help would likely to be in slleh circumstances. Then I get down to paper and write to the Secretary with my story (without any frills) and ask if he is able to stage it as nearly realistic as pJssible. Whilst I am waiting for a reply (for I have never been turned down by these wo nd erful II

J une, 193.3.

FIR ST

organisers) I then study each injury In detail with the Textbook, noting particularly in a special column a ll the signs and symptoms given in the book which can be drawn from later in staging the accident and used [or clues in the Card given to the Team. In another column the approved method of treatment is noted down for adoption later in the detailed larking Sheet. The Test is now ready to be put together [rom the data provided, building it around the injuries so analysed giving sufficient clues to the Team (both from their Card and from observation of the scene of the acciden tj to enable them to deal with the staged case as they would in actual life. I agree absolutely with Dr. Corbet Fletcher that very special care must be taken in prepari ng the Card so that no un necessary words are used and that as far as possible every word should have some significance. After I have completed the Tcst so far I adopt precisely the same proced u re as Dr. Fletcher in ubmitting my notes to a lay person for suggestions and cri ticism. I then sit down and make out very carefully-and always with the book in front of me- the detailed ),Iarking heet which shoultl in my opinion be planned to coincide with the progre 's of the Test so that the judg can [ollow "ith his pencil every movement and action of the team under sunoey. There ic; one other point \\ hich is important. ts nowadays have a Time Limit and it is Illy by gr at expe~ience that a j udg-e can estimate ,i thin a minute or so how long a test done co rrectly hould take, and here again I call in the assistan e of th · layman to read out every item on my fair copy marking sheet and as far as I am able I either actually, mentally, or both, go through the ,oarious parts. ~o team test ought to take lon~er than 20 minutes and 15 minutes is a~out th~ average . A team concentrating for 20 ?lInutes in a keen competition has hac.! enough of It, and, incidentally, so has the judo-e, ,,,ho may have to go through it all alert for eight or ten times. Having got the time limit fixed I then look up the notes of the 'ecretary and observe the maximum marks allo,,'ed and then very carefully (1 find this always a very dillicult part) allot reasonable marks for each item or groups of items, never omitting to allow a fair percentage of marks for the all important item "Extra Efficiency Marks . " ~rost t

FOR .SALE :-Roller Bandges B.P.C. Quality (\V . O.W. ), . 1 In. x 6 yards, 7/6 gross. Good Quality (\-V. O. \-V.), 1111. X 6 yards, 6/- gross. Other sizes in proportion. Also good quality Triangular Bandages aL <f/- per dozen, samples Sd. e~ch. Boric Lint (B.P.C.) 1 ozo packets, 2/ - per dozen i HospItal, 1/9 per dozen, Cotton Wool (B. P. C) 1 oz. packets, 1/ 10 per dozen i IIospital, 1/ 8 per dozen. All post free. Cash with order. -1\. epto Banting Co., 46, Cannonstreet, London, E. C. 4.

A I D.

323

~olice J\mbulance J'l ews. METROPOLITA -

POLICE.

On Thursday, June 8th, Major M. H. Tomlin, Assistant Commissioner, presided over a presentation meeting at Peel House. The occasion was the presentation of medals to the winners of the" Parsons" Shield competition and the No.9 District Eliminating Competition of the National First Aid Competition, both of which were held in the earlier part of this year. On both occasions the team representing "Y" Division wa successful and each member of the team received two medals with the con!;ratulations of the chairman. Supt. l\Iorton, "Y" Di\Oision, and A. P. S. vVheatley, captain of the team, acknowledged the awards i the latter urging the ne\\' recruits to take an intere~t in first aid and fill the places of those who had left the ranks of the competition world. 1\1r. G. Abbiss, Chief Constable, proposed a vote of thanks to lajor Tomlin. They were sorry to learn that this would be the last occa ion at \\"hich Major Tomlin would be amongthem onicially. By his retirement they would lose an enthusiastic helper in first aid work. Mr. Abbiss also included the hard-working ambulance secretary, S D Inspector vVarren. Before this vote of thanks was put to the meetinol\[ajor Tomlin performed the pleasing ceremony of prf'sent ing to Dr. R. B. Duncan a suitcase on behalf of the ambulance members of the Force in appreciation of hi help in ambulance and competition work. Dr. Duncan, in accepting the gift, thanked the donors, and said that if his teaching had helped in any way that alone wa ample repayment. He \\'ished them to practise hard for competitions in an endeavour to bring the ational Trophy to London. CITY OF LONDON POLICE RESERVE. In regard to our First Aid work we are no\\' commencour holiday season, and although continuation ~lasses are held on the first and third \Vednesday evenings Ln Lhe month throughout the year, it is hardly to be expected that our numbers will be anything li[-f' that of the willter months. Judging from the terrible increase in the number of accidents, as reported in the press, this is perhaps more a time for actual practice in First Aid than a study of it from the ;\Ianual. I ha\·e been fortunate in witnessing two important events quite recently-the Inter-Raih\·ay Final and the St. John .\m bulance Brigade Finals, and I \\"ould say that in my experience as a judge of efficiency (if I may be allo"oed) they seen~ to be gett~ng of a much higher standard e\'ery year, partIcularly so 111 regard to the last mentioned Competition. The settings of these tests were quite SO per cent. better and more practical, and did not lea\'e so much to the diverse imaginations of the competitors as is usually the case, so that it had the desired tendency of eliminatino- that growing inclination on the part of the judges and the teams to re ohoe the test into a battle of ",its between them. I know that I am voicing- the opinion of many first aiders, both spectators and competitors, and it is indeed refresh ing to see some signs at last of "the straightforward test "-san the questionable tricks so much in evidence, and which are as we a11 know, quite outside the teaching of the Manual ~nd First Aid, and tend only to irritate the competitors and call do·wn their wrath upon the unfortunate judo-es of the test and generally belittle the \\·hole competition ~in the eyes and minds of the onlookers. . ing

FIRST Havilw nothing- better to say in this report,. I hop.c I may be ex~useu for letling thi "grou "'OI11C Inloynnt, but· I feel that the gellcra~ purt?ose at . il has, and IS, not mis-placcd, e\"en from a Police POll1t of \"Ie\.\'. CECIL G. E;\IERY, HOI1. Sec. and Comdr. ['\'e are pleased to announce that H~s lajesty the King ba sanctioned the appointment of Sen'1I1g Brot her of the Order of St. John to COlllmander Emery as and from l\Iay 19t h 1933. \Ve extend to Commander Emery.our congrat~lations on receiving tl'~is honourable and official recognition of his u seful work In the ambulance department of City of London Police Reserve. l\1r. Emery, more th<:n any other person, has done much to fo ter the work 111 the Resene, and at a meeting of the ambulanc; ~las~ on Ju~e 7th the Chief Medical Officer, Capt. A. C. "hlte h.nox, aid how pleased be ",,'a!:> at this honour being besto\yed upon a member of the Reserve. I t w as a wel~-ueser.\'ed honour,. and m embers of the amb ulance and first aid sectlOn of the City of London Police Reser\'e are proud their energetic secretary' work has been recognised. - EoITOR.]

The Royal Life Saving Society. COKTIl'\UIl'\G our answers to questions, taken. fr~m the Bronze ::'IIedallion standard of the Society 's eXam1l1atlOn, '\"e deal first with :Ouestion 7.-In an ice accident a person is immersed in the \;'ater; give t,,·o methods by wh.ich he can help himself, and four by \\'hich others can help him. Ans",,'er.-In ice acci dents, as a rule, a person precipitated into the water comes to the surface close to where he went in. In such a case: (a) He s hould then extend his a.rms widely over the broken edge of the ice and hold on until help arn\·es. (b) Break the ice in front and k~ep movi.ng forward by taking a fresh hold. In this way It IS po.ssl~le, \\·he~e. t.he ice is very thin, to reach the shore. Th~ Ice 111 the VIC1l11~y of a break is seldom strong enough to cltmb up when one IS e ncumbered with wet heary clothing and skates. To get out in this w ay i ~ not an easy task, and it is generally best to ""ait for ass istance . There are ways by which others can help: (a) P erhaps the easies t way to render. h~lp is to use a ladder , board or pole, pushing 1t out to WIthin r~ach .of the person in d a nger of drownin!? so tl?at he can gnp thiS and raise him self out of the hole In the Ice. (b) A number of persons may wriggle along th~ ice, each holding the one in front by the ankl~s, th~s f?rn:1I1g a human ladde r. By this means the weight IS dlstnbuted over a l arger surface, and the ice is therefore able to bear a greater w eight. H the break in tne ice is only local, ass istance can be rendered by a rope held at each end w~lile the centre is allowed to drop to within reach of the one 1n danger. (d) If only one person is available to render help,.a skate or weighted object may be attached to ~ rope and sltd along the ice to withi.n reach of the drowl1lng person, so enabling him to pull himself out. Ouestion 8.-How many practical methods have you been ""'taught of carrying a person in th e water? State brieAv when you would u se each of them. Ans,ver. --There are five practical methods of carrying a person in the water, and swimmers who .are ignorant as to what to do in cases of emergency can, In the course of ten Or twelve lesson s, become thoroughly proficient and able

June, 1933.

A 10.

to render valuable aid in saving life without risk or danger to them elve. TIll' general points concerning till! methods ,lrc as follo\\'s :Tile IS/ AIel/LOrt. \ \'hel1 the drov"nin g per.,>o l1 is not stru o-cYlin O' turn him on hi back and place your hanus one one ~~ch ~ide of hi face 0 that the palms of the hands co\'er hi ear, then li e on your back, hold hill! in front of yo.u, and swim with the back stroke, taking- care to kecp hiS facc above the water. If the drowning person i hem il)' buill, and in the frelvy of distre s, eel11s ~lpable of o\'ercoming you , it may be advisable to tread water just out of reach until ollle exhauslion h as lessened uch cnergy before attempting to secure a re cue grip. Care must be taken, however, that a suddcn deep immersion of the one in da nger docs not make the rescue more dfllicult amI dangerous for yDU. Tl'e 2nd JV ellLOti. - In the case of :>truggling-, which render the drowning per. on diffi cult to manage, the 2nd Method i applied. I n this he is turned on his bac k a before, and a nrm grip is taken of hi arms ju t abon? th.e elbo\\'. Draw his ann up\\'ards at right angles to IllS body and S\\'im the back troke. This hold will. put thL' drowning per on under your control and prc:cnt hll11 frolll turning round and clutching, or even struggling \ err much. 71, e 3rd J./ellLOd. - If the arm arc diOi cu.lt to grasp, s lip your hand under the armpits of the dro\\ nll1g. pl'r~on and place them on hi chest, with your.owll arms riU...,C 111 $ arl.lls at right angle to hi~ body; then lIe 011 your back and ' \\' 1111 with the back stroke. Tlte 4th M ellLOd. - To render a!:>sistance to a s \\ imm~r attacked by cramp, or exhau~ted, a " 'ell as to ~h o.se. In dan~er of drowning \\'ho may be obedient and r~mall1 qUIet, the person a sisted must be instru~ted to pla~e hiS. hands l)n the rescuer's shoulder close to hi neck, \nth h, . ., arms at full stretch, and lie on hi bac k perfectly .,till with ~he head "'ell back. The res cuer being upperl11ot, and ha\ In;..; arms and legs free, s\\'im \\ ith the brea t .,troke. :rhi ~ is hy far the easiest method, and, without undue ex rtlOn, a per. l)J1 can be carried a mu ch longer dista nce than by any other method. The -LIz JIetlLOd. - This method may be clppli~d \\'hen the perso~ is passi\'e. To do this, .hold him \Viti: one arm placed o\,er one o~ his shoul~ers, :\Ith )ourllalldl'lth.erUl:del~ the opposite armpit, or grasping hiS clothes, thus lca\.lng : nlll other arm free with \\'hieh to propel yourself. Thh would be useful to oyer-arm swimmer as \\ ell as to .ba c k-stro l~e s\>yimmers, for although the rescuer may he partially on Iw; back he will be able to u e either the O\'er-arm l)r the backstrol~e kick. In order that the rescller shall not be obliged to reverse his stroke, he sh~uld m a k e u e.ot hi s U ual o\'erarm for the purpose of holdll1g the dro\\'nll1g per ·o n. NOTE.-The Central Executi\'e of the Ro) al Life Sa\ ingSociety will always be pleased to arrange for ~ I~e r turer to visit any Unit of the t. John Ambulance.\ OClatlOn,.or any similar organisation to giv~ Lectures and I?emon s tratlons ~f their methods of Saving- Life from Dro.\\'n~ng al~d the a~pll cation of the Schafer Method of ReSUSCitatIOn. 1<ull particulars can be obtained frol11 the Chief ecrdar)" 8, Bayleystreet, London, ,,v.C.1.

• At the recent examination of the membt!rs of the Perrh yn Quarry Ambulance Class, Bethesda, a ll of the 62 ca ndidates were successfu 1. =- •

During the first year of the Bin-r:ingha111 Hos pital s Contributory Association Ambulance SerVice, the ambulan.ees travelled 60,475 miles, entailin g 6,319 journeys and carrying 6,846 patients.

June, 1933 .

FIRST

A I D.

325

Our Nurses' Pages. COMPILED

AMBULANCE

H. R. II. PIHNCESS Roy.\f, AT OSBORNE.- The Princess Royal graciou ly paid a visit of inspection to the Brilish Red Cross.ociet),' training camp which was held again this year at the former aval College at Osborne. Her Royal Highness is Commandant-in-Chief of the ociety. The Prince s \Va received at Ryd e Pier by Sir Godfrey Baring (representing Major-General Seely, Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire), Lady eely (repre enting Princess Beatrice, Pre ident of the I s le of '\Tight branch of the B.R.C.S.), Capt. II. J. W ard (County Director), Capt. H. G. Adams Connor (Chi f Con table of the is land) and :\lr. and l\lrs. Goble (:'Ilayor and i\layore s of Ryd e). The Prince Royal witnessed several displays of first a iJ, home nursing, cookery, etc ., and in spected a parade of abo ut 200 onicer, ach of whom was presented to her. She then distributed a number of medal, and took the sa lute at the march past of all attending the camp on that occasion. ~l). 9 DI TIUCT, S.J,,\. B. - Lady County Officer l\lr Balsdon ha-; recently been prOl11ot d to the g rade of Officer of the "cllerable rd r of the Hospital of t. ] ohn of J erusalem in reco~nilion of her en'ice in c0nnection with the ambu lance 11l0\·e ment. i\ot only i :\lr. Balsdon, Lady ounty Officer, but she is al'o Assi tant County Controller of the St. John Voluntary .\id Detachments in De\'onshire, and Hon. :'tIatron of the \L1rin~ Dl:pl., of the Plymouth .\mbulance en·ice. For the Plymouth .\mbulance en-ice,!\Ir . Balsdon for scyeral years ha successfully org-anised !-lag days, the 010 t recent of \\ hieh \Vas held on aturday, June 10th. This SL ice has a hard financial stru~~xle to exist, although it dOl'> sLlch excellent work, and 1\lr ' . Balsdon, in endea\'ouring to r. ic fund-; on its behalf, for this alone i worthy of cOl11l11c nd ,tl ion.

TIlE "FANl'\IE . " - La t month it was announced by the "'ar Oflice that Prince .\Iiee, Counte s of Athlone, had conen ted to hecomc President of the Fir t . id Nursing Yeomanry, indicating Royal recognition of a wom en's corps \\'ith a fine record of service. Founded in 1909 a a yoluntary organisation for ladies, the corp \Va o ri gina lly a mounted unit, with its members qua lified to rend r first a id. It was later converted into a mechanica l transport corp, and i officially recognised by the \Var Office as a voluntary resen'e unit. It undertakes to carry out motor ambulance or other motor transport duties at home or overs as in any national emergency. . The F. A. N. Y. was one of the first women's organisa~Ions to go overseas during the last war, landing at Calais In October, 191-1-. I ts members remained in France until July, 1919, and were employed in the northern sector of the bat~le areas in France and Belgium. It was during this per.lod that they were given the name of "Fannies," one by whIch they were known throughout the British Army. During the general strike of 1926, a detachment of the CO;P5 did valuable work at Ald ershot, releasing R. A. S. C. dnvers t? proceed to other parts of the country. In tll~es of peace, members undertake voluntary driv. Ing- of their own cars in connection with hospital work. They are .trained in first a id, home nursing, stretcher drill, l11ap rea~ll1g and mechanical repa irs. SectIOns of the" Fannies" are to be found in London Alders hot, Derby, Glasgow, Northumberland and York~

SISTER..

shire, and there is one overseas in Kenya, commanded b" Lady Sidney Farrar. A three-weeks camp is held annuall\' at Cowshot, when volunta ry instruction is given by all branches of the Service in the Aldershot Command. 1ajor-General Gibb, the new Honorary Colonel of the corps, is Director of Supplies and Transport at the \Var Office, and \vas G. O. C., British troops in France and Flanders after the Armistice. The Commandant of the corps is :\Iiss .:\1. Baxter Ellis, and the .\dvisory Committee also includes Li eut.-General Sir Hugh J eudwine, :'tlajor-General C. ]. C. Grant (G. O. c., London District), Lady Hailsham, Lieut-General Sir George :\[acdonog'1, the Hon . Claude Hope l\lorley, L ady Tichfield, Brigadier-General ]. :\1. Young, Colonel \\'. Anderson (Commander, 1-+9th (0:orthumberland) Brig~de), and :\liss L. A. Franklin (late Commandant F. A. N. Y.). Lady Dorothy Hope :\Iorley is Commandant of the London Section.

V.A.D. COMPETITIO AT NORTHALLERTON. - :\lembers of Voluntary Aid Detachments of the S.].A. B. and the B. R. C. S. from all parts of the 'orth Riding of Yorkshire gathered at North<-tllerton when the annual competitions for l1rst aid, home nursing, bedmaking, cookery, and smartness and correctness of uniform were held, followed by an inspection of the detachments. Including the men's detachments, there were some 500 members on parade, representing Thirsk, Redcar, S altburn, Scarborough (22), Richmond, Torthall erton, "\'est Ayton, 1I1iddlesborough(76), Pickering, Kirkym oorside, Stokesley, Rounton, Swinton , :\lalton, Thornaby, Easingwold, Scarborough (66), L ythe, Kirkdale, Middlesborough (S .]. A. B.), and 1\1asham. Luckily the weather was kind, and from an early hour members were undergoing various tests i'1 the ;e\'eral competitions, these being held in the Grammar School. The judges were Major Opie and ::'Ilajor T. Young, of the R.A.M. c., Catterick Camp, and Miss Roberts, of Catterick Camp Military Hospital , for first aid and home nursing tests; 1iss Bullock, Supt. of the North Ridin O' Nursing Association, for bedmaking; lis ,ichols, Thirsk~ and 1\1iss J ackson, domesti c science mistre s, Northallerton Grammar School, for cookery; and Dam e Beryl Oliver of the B. R. C. S., London, for uniforms. Th e performance of all detachm ents was of high merit, very few marks separating the winners, and in one com petition, that for smartness of un iform, no fewer than five detachments tied for first place, with the maximum number of points. "Vh en all the competitions were oyer, the members assem bled in the spacious grounds of the school and the results were announced as follows : Lad y Bell's Cup. - 1, Scarborough (22) with 8H point o ut of a possible 100 ; 2, Easing-wold, 80k. ~ Uniform Cup.-Stokesley, Scarborough (66), Lrthe lasham and Kirkd ale tied with the maximum number of points, 100 ; 2, Scarborough (22), Kirkqymoorside, Easin o -_ wold a nd 1iddlesborough (76) tied with 99t points each. b Bedmaking Cup. - Stokesley and Lythe tied " 'ith 20 points each. Cookery Cup.-l, l\liddJesborough (76), 91 points; 2, Scarborou gh (22), 90 points. Cup for the highest aggregate.-l, Scarborough (22), 290; 2, Stok es ley, 286 ; 3, liddl sborough (76), 276. T

326

FIR S T

') The trophic were presented to the \\'inn rs be th(IIon. Gcolrry Howard, Lord Lieutcnant of the North Riding. T9 eThe detachment then paraded in the form uf thrce sides of a square, and " 'ere inspected by the Han. GeolTrey Howard, the l\1archion of ormanby, Colonel Coates, nnd Dame Beryl Oli\'er. NO.8 DISTRICT, .J.A.B.-Teams from Nursing- Di\' isions in this District met at the Drill Hall, Hor ham, on Saturday, May 20th, for the Annual Di trict Competitions; the winning team competed in the Brigade Finals on June 2nd . Following the team and indi\'idual practical tests, the results were announced as under ;1, vVe tgate, 313 marks; 2, Guildford, 30S; 3, Hastings, 296t ; 4, Redhill, 2 5 ; 5, Herne Bay, 24 . \Vestgate were last year's winners ot the "Perrott" Shield in the Brigade Final Competitions. The girl cadets al 0 had their own competition on thi day. l\1aidstone took 1st place with 220~ marks, Herne Bay second place with 218t, and Hastings third with 11S t. 1\1rs. Hugh Lal1Ca ter kindly presented the trophies and other awards. In thanking her for so doing, the Commissioner, Mr. E. A. Ri chards, paid a " 'arm tribute to the work she did on behalf of the Brigade, especially in Hors ham . Thanks were also accorded to Supt. D. Bryce of lhe Horsham Di\'ision, and to all those \\'ho had contributed to the smooth runnin g of the events that day. S.J.A.A. CO;\IPETITIO~ AT EGRE;\lONT.-The annual co mpetition for the" Collinson" Bo\\'1 and the "Cockil1" Cup was held at Egremont on Saturday, May 27th, se\'en teams from \Nestmorland, Cumberlan d a nd Furness COl11peting. The" Collinson" Bowl is a"'arded to the \yinning team, and the cc Cockill " Cup to the memher gaining the highest number of points indi\·idually. The tests, which included both team and indi\'idunl work, were judged by Miss \Vright, of Kendal. Egremont was placed first, and won the "Cullinsol1" Bowl for the second year in succession, gaining 209t points, the runners-up being Kendal with 207~. The" Cockill " Cup was won by Aj S 1\1. Hawkin s, ;f Carlisle, A/ S D. Gunby, of Kendal, being the runner-up. Lieut-Col. W. B . Cockill, T. D.. 1\1. D., the County Commissioner, kindly attended, and after cong ratulating the winners, and also all the competitors on the fine display they had given, thanked the examiner and those who had assisted at the competition. BURLEY ANT) KIRKSTA LL NURSING DI\'ISION. - At a recent lecture to this Division, Divisio nal Supt. Edward D. Glo ver, Armley a nd Wortley Divis ion, spoke on "The British Pharmacopm ia." H e explained the history of the pharmacopreia, with particular reference to the drugs and medicines mentioned in the First Aid and Home Nursing- T extboo ks . L.1\1.S. RAILWAY AMBULANCE COMPETITION. - The fourth annual Ambulance Competition for vVomen took place at St. Pancras Hotel, London, on 1\lay 9th. Fifteen teams entered, these co ming from all parts of the L. M. S. system (inclueling Ireland), and their keeness and efficiency did great credit to all concerned. At the conclusion of the competition, it was found th::lt Euston "Oddments" had gained first place with 296·~ points out of 345; lanchester No. 2 were second witl; 288t ; Carlow-street (London) closely followed with 286t, Following the tests, the chair was taken by l\lr. VV. E. C. Lazenby, and he was supported by 1\1rs. Fielden, wife of the Deputy Chairman of the Company, and Messrs. W. V . \Vood, A. C. Harri s, P. D. :\li chod, F. A. Pope and Miss

June, 193.3.

A I D.

Mervyn. Others pre enL included Lady Hartley, 1\lr5. "\tv. V. \Vood , Mrs. Slanner, and other ladies whose husband::. arc oniccrs of the Company. In inLroducing- l\1rs. Fielden, who had kindly consented to present Lhe trophy and other prize, lr. Lazenby remarked that the history of the Order of St. John went back about a thousand years, and brielly mentioned certain points in that history. Hc str ' sed the value of a first-aiel trainin~, and congrntulated the wom en on the fine work they were doing, which, he said, wa not only philanLhropic, but would al 0 doubtless be found useful to themselv s when home respon sibilities called for the nursing of an ilwalid . Irs. Fielden expressed her plcasure in di tributing the awards. he sa id that in the day before the ulllalg-amation of the railway, he and Mr. Fielden \yere personally ncquainted with a great many memher ' of the L. and Y. staff. \Vith such n \'i\s t concern as the L.:\1. . Railway, uch intimac)' was unfortunately no longer pos ihle, but she wcleom el e\'ents such as the pre ent one whi ch g-a\'e her an opportunity of once ag-ain coming alllong the rnih\'ay stan-. l\Ir. W. V. \Vooc\, o n behalf of the meeling', thankcd 1\lrs. Fielden for so kindly cO l11in~ to present the prizes. 1\liss l\Iervyn e "pressed the appreciatioel of all for the part played by members of t'le medical prorl'ssion \"ho d evoted so mu ch valuabk time ro honorary instruction and and exam inati on. In repl} to this, Dr. Hull poke of the interest hown by the mcmbers of the L.ill. •.. \l11bu:ancl' CIa ses whi ch, h~ said, l11::lde it a pleasure to he connected with them. Ir. P. D. i\li chlld 1110\'e d a yote of thank to 1\1r. La ze nby for so ably taking- the ch air, anel to the ener::J.l Ambulance Secretary, illr. C. Hill, for makillg- arrallg-l'm en ts fo r the competition which, as usual, h.,c.1 \\·orkec.1 out o admir::lhly. Items (Di' isional news and competition", social, interesting duties, lectures, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance SiSler, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon 31., London, E.C.4 .

------. -- .-------

June, 1933.

FIRST

.\'11 GC-

Th e finals of the" \Vri ght" and "Portland" Shield" competitions were helcl nt \Velheck Ahhey o n aturday, l\lay 27th. The judg-es were D octors P ycrof L(South EIIll'>all), Hurst (Tibshelf), Darley ( otlingham), and King- (Glap\\'ell). The prizes were presented by the Du k of Portland, \\'h o extended a heart)' welcome to the competitors, anel expres ed the hope that they ,,"ould again vi it \Velbec k for the COI11petitions . Mr. J. R. F elton, chairman of the League, and H. r. Divisional Inspector of l\lint's, presided. The arrangement s were made by the secretary, II'. R. Ring-ham, larkhalll Collieries, who was assisted by 1r. J. Witham (nssistanl secretary, Warso p fnin) and !\Ir. A. E. aylor (di\'ision al secretary). The res ults w ere ; (( Wright" Shield (seniors)-1, Harworth Colliery, 128~ marks; 2, Glapwell Colliery III, 1151; 3, Langwith, 110 ~ Divisional prizes for this shield were a warded as follows' Alfreton Division, Riddings Colliery I and Blackwell Collier) I ; Chesterfield Divis ion, Hardwick Colliery IV and Glapwell Colliery III; Heanor Division, Shipley Woodside Colliery I and Ripley Colliery I ; Mansfield Division, \Varso p 1ain and Lowmoor Collier)' I ; Nottingham Division ,

327

B~~~~:ood Collier~' ll ~tn~ Babbington Colliery IV ; Worksop Olvlsl,on, Lan~\vlth Co~llery 1 and IIarwonh Colliery 1. . ~ he 1 .0llll1gham Genera l Il ospital Cup, offered in Cl111-

JunctlOl1 wIlh the "Wrighl" Shield, but aWrlr-dl'd for the most marks, in. respect of the team test only, was taken by Ilar\\'orth Colliery wilh lH mark. "Portland" Shield (first vear l11e(1)- l Ilarworth Colliery 1 V, HO marks; 2, IlM-worth Collie!"): III 12H· Gra<;sllloor Collier), 113.L ' - , The di\'isional priz~s "VCl1t to the followin'" ; Chesterfie,lu Di\' isiol1, Ilar:\'o rth IV and Gras::.l11oor I (~quaJ first) ; \\;-I.rsop I II allJ Cla.\Tross (ellual second); i\ larkhalll I, lI ~l~ \\:orth , I and Rufrorcl I (eyual third); NoLLillgha111 DI\ ISlon, hnllsley 11, and Best\\'ood I I (Iirst); Ulackwell 1 and Pinx.toll I I (seco nd). '

TUTOR and Calls revi~ed 1933 - 6d.

!1,

PEL.\ \ \'

:\1.\1;\

COLLIEI~lE

DRUM

HEADS

( Hrokcn) PO!Sl Oesh hOOP'} po"t free Ready lapped head relurned I same cay as received. 5 /- & 7/lfilitary .JIt• .."al h',lrttmC1tt .l[a/,;crs

, LTD.

HENRY

POTTER

cd,

36,'8, Wes t Street, Cbaring Cross Read,

. \t a ,>ocial IwlJ all :\lay 1 th, in the :\Iiners' \\'elfare Hall, Birtley, Mr. J . Beadling', \\'ho org-aniscd the various la,,::s in cOl1nectioll wilh the abO\ c Ii rill, handed o\"(~r lhe ce rtlhcates t~) the (13 sUl'c::.ful ::-Iudellts. \5 a tol·a'll llf th memhers' apprl'~iation, souH!nir::. \\'l' re prl'sellte~lto Drs. \\:. Toward and :"11 i111l11on5 (lecturers), :"I,lr. j .. Beadling (organl'>er), ;\less r.,. J. Hall, R. \\'i l on, ll. '\lll1t\1 (dellhln"t ral~lr'», ,\1 r. \\'. Gott (!~Oll. secretary), :tllll l)t hl'r'> \\ 110 hacl aSSisted. III appropriate remarks, lhl.! ~ hairlllil.ll, :\1r. Lei1jhton, han ded tIll' lokel1" to the recipients. Ile hoped that this \\'llu ld be a .,tarting' link to strclllrthen the l. John .\mbulance Brig'adc. Recipients of the \ arious t:'ifh in cxpre::.ing their thanks hllpcd lhe l11embl'rs \\ oulc..l not hI.! sat isfied until they had l11:l.de thelllse.hes proficient for higher award::., continue in , hi'" !~oo cl sl)cml \\'ork, and form them"el\'(~~ inLO teams for 1:1C .f0r~!lC~)lllingambulance competition, the .. ehas. I,' rk ll1s sl!\ 'er tn)plly, to be competed for 011 J ulr ,'tho G,)ld I11l'UaJ-. would Iw <l\\arded to the \\ inning le:am, sil\'\~r :1' ,d(~ls f,)r Lhe. rU:lnL~r.,~up, and other prizes to be given by ,.1 I el;1.\\ ,\[all1 l)lIlenc'> Ltd.

Colliery News. NOTTS A, D DERBY HIRE COLLIERI E L.\NCE LE.-\GCE.

A l b .

ELLAXD nE\IOX ' Y.R .\TlUX .\ND C.\RXI\":\'L. , . . \I1l?ulance Cl)ll1petltlon for thc "l)emp'>tcr" .\mbulan ce Slll(~ ld \\·.ill take place on aturday, July th, 1933. Fir~t three p:ll.e::. to the \';due of ;(10 ; if more than 20 entries, !Oll; .pnze. Thre special prize \\ ill be a\\'arded to the ll1dl~ Idual cOlllpetitor'> ~a ining the highe sl number of marks u~t~,lcll' the prizc \\'inning team!>. Entri clo e July 5th, 1 )~.). Opl'n tl~ al~ teams, :\.socialion l1r Brigade. Entry 1~11 ~11 on. appll~'at~on to H. Hor::.fall, 30, George-street, EI I:tnd,lorks. heap fare L.1\1.S.Ry. N . B. - Ellard Bng-ade will not compete.

HOL~I\YO~).D

.\l\LBl'L\ TCE CLAS .-The Annual , Comr:ctltlOn. for the "Graham" Challenge Cup and ~:d u~ble pnze wIll be h eld on aturday, July 8th. Full I cULIcu lars and entry form ' on app lication to the hon. sec retary, ]. Cocking-, "Haslem re," North vVino-l1eld near Chesterfield. h ,

HOLIDAY

APARTMENTS.

TIlORr~ . BAY. - Homely aparlmcnts or bed-breakfa l; .1

C -+ c1oor~ sea, trams, park; recommended - Pa o' ham helsea-avenue.

BLA~KPOOL. -Apart ments, or Board optional. D

One Illinute North Pier. Central to all amusement .oug-las House, 9, Clifton-street.

LON~O Pll .

W . C.2 .

" 100 Ques t i on s and A ns wer s . "

By Di~trict O,"ncer J. H. Cleal, and \\'. H. Gastall, :\ 0. 4 (Lancashi re) Di ~t ri cl.

A BR~CH l ' RE in the form of Question~ and Answers on ~ng~dc and Dress R eg ulations to aid candidates for promotIon 111 .\mbulance Corps and Divisions. .\ppro\·cd by the Chief Commissioner. Price 3d. per cop)" post free from The District Secretary S.]. A. B., 39, Fisherg-ate, Pre. ton, Lancs. TB.LEPHO~E

ADAM,

MUSFUl\l 2703.

ROUILLY

(3 minl1tes from ~raples).

H uman Osteo logy, Ana t o m y, etc.,

18, Fitzroy St., Tottenham Court Rd. , London, W.1. Human Articulated & Disarticulated Skeletons & Skulls. Half-Skeletons, Pelves & Fc:etal Skulls. Upper & Lower Extremities, Feet, Hands & Lo ose Bones of every description. Anatomical Models & Wall Cbans,etc. Bandage Figures & Limbs.

Largest Selecti on in Europe.

Inspection Cordiall y I oyitcd.

PR I ':E LISTS FREE ON APPLICAT ION .

ALLMAN ' S

POCKET ANATOMICAL ATLAS Size 6" x 3-!" (Plates 7" x 6"). Illus trated by T w elve Colour ed Plat es from Orig in al Drawi ngs. Contains an anatomical d escr iption of t he plates and the arra ngem ents and physiological functions ot the H u;nan Bod y, arran ged in manikin form. A val ua ble Atlas for First Aid Students.

Price 1 /-

(pos-t Supplied by REYNOLDS &

free).

DALE, CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon Stpeet, London, E.C.4.

FIR S T

328

"ueties and J\nswet's eOttespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules:I. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the LOp left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 4 6 , Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4· 2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue 01 Lhe J(lumal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue. 3. -The Textbook, to which refel er ce m:;y l,e n 3ce in lh> calu n n is the 38th (1928) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.

,\ustralian Bush to adlllini ' ter alcohol at onCt; ror :onake bites. \\'it h some snakes, such as the l\ustralian " brown" and the English "gra 's," we Hrc told that the wounds will go eptic, al1d expos thc patient to the risk of blood [1oi:5ol1in o ' because the snake' - teeth are dirt\' and the "TOO\'es l'll~d with decomposed food. Sn wc cannot ex~ct alcohol to counteract a poi on whic.h has not been actu81ly injected into the wound; but It might cheer the patient and t:'i\'e him conlie.!cnce in llll! fir ~t aider' - elTorts, especially if th latter had to pay for the boltlc ' of whisky,

Luw thanks for your letter and ~tor)'.

If the tourniquet is noL placeu accurately on the pres~ure point it will obstru ct both the entry of the arterial blood and the exit of the \'enous blood. COllsetluently more blood than usual will be present in the limb. .\ mi placed tourniquet usualh' causes increased bleeuing fr0111 the wound; and I have seen bleeding cease i mmedialely after removal of a misplaced tourniquel.-:\'. CORBET FLETCIJER.

EXA~IINATIOl\'

HO\\'Ll;::R.

T. E. (Briti h Columbia).-During an examination a doctor asked a candidate to tell him how the bones of the body are held together. Looking straight at a skeleton which had been used during the lectures for demonstration purposes, the latter eleclrified the class by his unexpected answer-" TVitlz brass screws.l" Needless Lo add, this candidate did not receive thc certificate of the Association. Good!

1 fear mc that

the patieI'lt of your stury was naturall) prcdi~posed tll attal'k~ of melancholia, Cll1d that his family and he u~l:d hi~ snakebite cxperience of )ear ... prcvillu ' 1) a~ tIll! eXl'lI~t; and e:\plHnati'''l for thl: l' recurrent aLLack~. :\.C.F.

SIIOL'LDEH

l\IISL:SE OF TOUH:-\IQUET.

T .• \. (Bingley).-On p. 95 of the Textbook we arc tolt.! that if the pad of a tourniquet is not propprl)' placed on the pressure point, dangerous swelling and congestion may occur in the veins. :\ discu sion arose at our class a to wlw this hould be, because we are supposed to be treatiO'g ha~ morrhage from an artery, and because if the pad of the tourniquet is not properly placed the hi'Cl11orrhage would still continue, anu the blood would thu escape and not enter the \'eins at all. If you could explain this the mel1lber~ of our Di\·i:oiol1 would greatly appreciate your help.

June, 193';.

A 10.

VE:-\O;\IOl'S Sl\'AKE-Bll'E.

E. 'vV. (WesL Hampstead).-Wilh reference to tht; query published under the above Litle in thc May issue of FIRST AID, you may be interested in the following story:'vVhen I was in Australia I mel a man who, some some eighl or I en years before I met him, had been billen by the deadly "black snake of Australia, and who told me that every year since, at aboulthe same limc of the year, he has suffered from an allack of deprcssinn and melancholy lasting three weeks. His family con firmed that when bitten he was given three bottles of neat whisky without becoming- in any way intoxicated. What poison the black snake injects, I do not know; nor if alcohol does in any way neutralise this poison. c\'erlheless, it is a recognised custom in the I)

{:l,

FIR S T

VEST

AMBULANCE.

The Austin Sixteen six-cylinder ambulance has that capacity for long years of dependable service which makes it a thoroughly sound investment. And although it costs only £450 you obtain most of

Pleae cl:ll IllC if it i:::. ClHl'ecL tll :::'Hy that thc c1a\'icJc and s -apula are incluuce.! as "bolle... 01 thc trunk," seeing that they are both aLLacIH.'e.! therelo.

The Textbook tabulate the elm ick ane.! ~capula a ... belonging to the upper limb. In point of tact, the) form the" shoulder-girdle," which terll1 i~ to me prdera!Jle tl) the " ~houldcr-bone~ " of the Te:\tbook ; and thc} "'l' nl' thl' S,lIl1l purposc for the upper limb ... a doc lhL' (ll:h i.., fur thl' 10\\ Lr lilllb. K.C.F.

C. C. (Greenwich),

.\t a reccnt ,\Illbulancl' CI.t'>'" a dilrL'I ence of opinion as tl) whellicr the treatlllL'nt tlf the undermentioned case should be modilled or ~tril'll} a'> per Textbook. The patient \Va suffering from n - imple Fractun' ot the Left Femur accompanied by a Cl)mplilated Fracture of the Left Rib at tbe ide, the rib ' penetralin~ the lung-so Your opinion and mcthod of treatment would be greatly appreciated.

.\. B. (Bri..,tol).-,\t one of our Ambulance Drills ljuit l recently, a member of Lhis Di\'ision asked for the correl l treatmcnt for a patient who complained thaL he \\' <1 suffering frolT:' Frost Bite, on a hot summers day, wit l the tem perature bet ween 80 degs. and 90 degs. in L1l l shade. At 1Irst the question was regardcd as a jOkl and the member \-vas advised to send his patient to : mental hospital. However, itlurned out to be an actu al "ase, which the Ilrst aider had treated, the facts being : A pilot had taken a passenger up in an aeroplan.l! to an a ltitude of about 20,000 fect; and upon landing IL was found that one of the passenger's ears was fro ~L bitten. The only thing our member could think of was lo keep the ear cool with petrol and water, and send .him to hospital; no ice waS avai labl e. Could he have give n any better treatment? Your colleague evidently has nut read his Texlbook

329

A N

A U S TIN

AUSTIN

Consider the ·Sixteen' model

T.e. (Durhalll).

\Vi th this combination of injuries the COl11plicat d Frntture of Ribs is the more eriou!> condition from the first niJ standpoint and demand priority in treatment. In thL' circumstances I would concentn.te on the treatmcnt of Shock associated with the lung injury and content m)' el with preventing 8ny aggTa\'ation of the FracLured Thigh b) tying the lower limbs together at thigh, knees, legs, feet and <1l1kles. - J.e.F.

A I D.

DEPENDABLE

BL);":E~.

l'lext, ple;lst;! !-)l.c. F.

,\LCOIIOL \\Tnl

JLIne, 1933.

those essential qualities found only in the larger and more expensive Austin ambulances. It has the same special interior construction and equipment, the same careful attention to the detailed wants of both patient and driver. The body is framed in best English ash and oak, thoroughly seasoned, panell ed in aluminium and lined inside with a 3-ply wood. A supple suspension system ensures extreme riding comfort for the patient. The stretcher gear is easily and quickly operated. Every feature, from double-acting bolts on the rear doors to linked Triplex glass in the window of the rear compartment, is the result of specialised experiencebrought within the reach of limited means. Additional equipment can be fitted to suit any particular requirements. Write for the Austin Ambulance Catalogue which is copiously illustrated and gives details of the full range.

THE AUSTIN SIXTEEN 6-CYLINDER 5T ANDARD AMBULANCE £450

The ill/erior 0/ the 16 h.p. alJ(bulance mpplied to tbe IJ7esl KeJlt joint Hospital Board. o~e the t!L'O single streIcher carriers, Slarlill's type, . Sorbo' beds, polished aluminium below uais/-lille, and hot waleI' healing.

(Chassis only, £210). 12 b.p. jOllr-C)'linder ambula nce, £,f 15; chassis only, <£ I 85' 20 h.p. six-cylillder ambulance de luxe, £690; cbassis ollly, £375. 20 h.p. six-cylillder al77bulallce for town me, £735. 20 h.p. six-cylitider ambulance, St. Andrew t)'pe, £680. (Prices at works.)

AUSTIN GENERAL SPECIFICATION : Wbeelhase 91t. 4 illS., six-cylillder engine wilh eight-bearing cra.lJk!hall. jI,J~gll~tic igl1ilioll. lo·galloll petrol tC/llk. Semielllpllc o!zd zlIIc-lIlterleilved sprillging, haL'illg Silelltbloc IJolJ-l"bncated shackles. Hyd,-olllic sbock absorbers fro llt and reelr. fHE AUSTIN MOTOR CO. LTD., BIRMINGHAM.

SHOWROOMS: 479-483, OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.1

June, 1935.

A 10.

330 rccently. Had he done so, be would hayc remembered the instruction on p. 1.H, and \\'o uld have <1\"oiJcd the application of moisture ill allY form.-N. ~. F.

TRE.\ DIE" r OF

:\'0\\'

BLINDNESS.

(Brili h Colul1lbia}. - Pkase tell me \yhat is the correct treatment of 'no\\, Blindlle . I ask because the . ~1. L ' oy. has scvcral men in their employment who go up 010rth by aCrt)plane and are apt to gt too much glar> of the sun on the now which causes blindness. I would add thal \ pur Ouen' Column i the only help to \\·hiell. in my e~pcrie-;;ce, we first aiders can turn without any fear of being turned down.

\\'.D.

Snow Blindne . i an ::lcute in!1ammation of the COil· juctiva due to ultra-\'iolet ray of the sun and i met with in thi. country in the treatment by Ultra-Viol t Light. It comes on in 12 hours after exposure and usually lasts 24 to 48 hours. The best treatment is to pre\'ent its onset by wearing goggles. Failing this, the patient should be remO\'ed from the glare of the sun either by being placed in a dark room or by hadng his eye lightly bandaged after the insertion of a drop of paraffin or other soothing application.

ST. JOHN AM BULANCE BRICADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

to pre\'cnt VCI10U ' blood frol11 carrying poi on through the body." :\ lso the Textbook (p . 97) te ll s you to rc la" tourniquct ., within ha lf an hour," th' actua l time bei ng dc-pendent on p_lin and discomfort ex perienced by pat i nL. The Textbook (p. 132) te ll s you in R u le 1 to place the first ligature (wh ich aims at cutting olT the !low of \'enou ' and arterial b lood) a" high up the limb as pos ible, and to app ly one or two sub equent ligatures from above down. The accepted period for lea\'ing the ligature clo ely applied to the limb is half an hour (pain or no pain), after which the potass ium permanganate should have done its work. 1 . C. F.

Regulation- Right! Quality- Right! Ppice - Right All Uniforms Cut to Cust omer's own measu 'ements

.NURSES

COATS,

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

PII'lSIOLOG'".

TB:LEI'1I0 'B.:

BRI G IIO U~I. 290.

YORKS.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION , ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT,

J.B. (Blackwood). - Please tell me if there is any difference between the sting or \'e nom of the wasp an-:! the bee, and if the juice of the onion is acid or alkali. The poison associated with a wasp sting is alkaline, whereas it is acid with a bee sting. The juice of the onion is acid, and theref\.)re used hy country folk as an antidote for \\"asp sting with succes . The exact co nstituents of the poison are unkno\\·l1.-N.C.F.

than is due to him, and who keep the amount. The answer is that he will not he liabk criminally unless at the time hc took the extra money he kl1l:w that hI.' was not entitled to it, and then and ther "'"d cidl'li to keep it. If he discovered that he had 11l0rc than was due at a later time, and at that time decided to kccp it, he will Iwl be criminally liabl .-E. ~lAITL .\:-':D \\ "OOLF.

Price, 3 /6 j post tree, 4/~ . THE

ST.

JO H N AM B UL A NC E ASS OC IAT IO N, St. Jo h n's Gate, L ON DO N, E. C. r.

l IF() 1\ M' T

TRAI'SPORT OF FRACTURED P EL\·IS .

~1. L. (Grassmoor).- Please tell me the correct method for

remO\'al of a patient suffering from Fracture of Pelvis, as this is not given in the Textbook. Treat as laid down on p. 72 of Textbook, and then remove by stretcher. Transport as for Fractured Spine is no longer recommended. - N. C. F.

TR EATMENT OF V~NO:\lOUS SNAKE-BITE.

D . O. (Worthing).-In the treatment of Venomous SnakeBites should the tourniquet be applied to the Br;;tchi;;tl .\rtery or sho uld a lig-ature be tied tig-htl)' just abovc the wound? If the tourniquet is used, how long- should be lett? vVe are told that it must be loose ned e\'l.'n· 20 minutes less the limb die; but if at the end of 't his period in the case of Venomou s Snake-Bite the tourniquet is loosened, I desire to know if the poison wil l have been neutralised by th e potassium pe rrnang-anate or if we should leave the tourniquet in pos ition and risk the loss of a limb rather than that of a life. I have asked several doctors this question, but as they all ga\'e dilTcrent answers, I appeal to you . Your query suggests the necess ity on your part for a more close attention to the Textbook. What is the good of placing a tourniquet on the Brachial Artery when the Textbook (p. 132) tells you in Rulp. 1 to apply ligatures "so as

Uniforn C lothi n g & Equipment Co .,

EFFIOIENOY

FIRaT-AID.

" Witll()fl t ti()tl6t t lu b()()M w ill b, 0) tr,at IInJiCl i fl tlu traifli"r 0/ t llOIl/()r w llom it i s tUz il fl,a'. "-BRITISH MEDICAL J O!lltNA L.

COMMON

ERROR S

FIRST-AID.

II . ne t : post lid.

Errors In Flrst·Ald Detailed and Explai ned . , 1 hi, DOOR lir;1I a el,ar , r i " ,itt'l lt i " to t lu nutluJds a" d tii/l'icfl ltiu OJ ,m'''r lfl C} tr,«t m,,,t bf l ay"" ,. tha,. ill, otficia l T,~tboOM itu l/."-L ANCET.

COMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcher, I ndividual and Question-Six Folders). Price 6d. each net, post , ltd Each Folder contains special article on Competitions :-No. r, Train ing of Com" petition Teams; No. 2, C onduct of Team in Competition Room; No, 3, Commo" Errors In Competltlou; NO. 4, Further Errors in Treatment; NO. 5, HistorJ of Competition Tests; No. 6, Preparation o( Tests.

WHY

AND

WH E REFORe:

Fifth Edition.

FIRaT-AID.

P rice II . lid •• post free .

Dllllaaltiu II IItady and "reatment 10IfOd by Qaestlon and Alllwer.

"w, CtJMM,,. ti tlli, DtJoi t o L , eifl r ,,,: a"ti SifltUfl i , w ill' will /i,.ti li 0/ r",« f HINTS

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLIES.

Pos t (r"le , 8d .

Or derly DUties IIlmplllled aD I1 Tabulated, with A!ds to .emory. A M D,I co mp act brocllflr , . . co,. i ai 1J, mflcll flrI/fIZ i ,,/orm atiofl. "- P lt E SC1UBBJ!

FIRST AID.

IIInstrated by 50 diagrams In Colours with Explanatorv Letterpress. By Sir JAM E S CANT LIE, K.B.E., LL.D., M.A., M.B. C.M., F.R.C.S., D.P.H.R.C.P. 7,d . net; post free.

LIFE

SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES.

Mounted on Canvas, Roller top and bottom. 2 505. net each. Post, IS. I. Human Skeleton, (ront view. 2. I: J scles, front view. 3. Human Skeleton back view ~ . Mnscles, back view. 5. The Heart and principal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (B). 8. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (D). 10. The Nervons System. n. Schematic diagram of Circulation 12. The Human Ear. 13 The Human Eye. 1<4 . Median Section through Skin IS. Median Section through Head. Female, 808. net.

Telephones:

C lerkenwell 6682, 5226.

AMBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE, By P. C, BOTrOMLEY, M.D. A booklet to aid those interested [n Ambulance and Stretcher \ Vork.

Price 2d. each, post tree.

'Vith Foetus, 8511. net.

Carriage 28.

that Is s elling b y the h u n dred .

ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. Their Signs, Symptoms and" First Aid Treatment;, An Ideal Memorizer Qnick Referenre. By A. T. GOOD I NG. With Preface by 'VILLIAM L OCI{ L. R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN NICOLSON, M.A., M.B., Cb.B.Glas. II . ~d. net post free. II

CAR VE LL .

M. R. C.S. E II • .

FIR.T AID lit FEW WORDB. (200th thonsand) Revised. I2pp.

HOME IIURSI1I8 III

CLERKEN WELL GREE N 1 LO ND O N, E.C.l.

Telpgnms: . U niquip, London."

P ost fr ee, II . ad.

Proble.1 III IItady, 'ruatment and Examlnatlol 10IfOd I.r lIonlor IItadon lo8

With Colon red Diag r am~.

LTD, 11,

Price II. 3d. , post fr ee.

nlme·Narllng Slmplllled and "abalated, wlt~ A1dl te .omlry.

, Thi, D()OM w()"eUr~ llf ' i mpli/i" a com/>l'~ Iflb;lCt a"d I Mfllti D' 1'1(1'" btl «ll :tfltUflts." -L. &: N. W . R v. GAZ ETTB

A book

.\ concert was held in 't. Paul'::. ;\[emorial Pari . . h Il ;dl, Northfield, on Saturday, 1\lay 27th, in aid of the fund of the Ealing Division, .J .A. B.

10 &

HOME-NURaINQ.

LI FE S I ZE MANIKINS.

PLEASE SEND FOR PRICE LIS TS.

Nearly 10,000 people thronged the grounds of Hampton Court, near Hereford, the resilience of LOld and Lad\' Hereford. for the fete and sports in aid of the Hereford Di\ i ion of the S .].A.B., on June 5th. The event was opened by Colonel J. T. Wolryche-Perowne {Ho pitaller of the Order} , who was supported by Lord and Lady Hereford, Earl anJ Lady Lindsey, Sir Gerald Wollaston and Lady Wolla~ton , and Lady Symonds.

Third E dition . Revised.

Male, 808. net.

The Richmond Centre of the t. John . \lllbU\;IIlLC .\ ........ L1ciation will be holding a flag day on J ul} ~th.

The Chief Constable of PI) mouth, :\1r. \\ '. C. J l)hnsol1, who has been cOl1necteJ with thc ambulanccen'ice throughout his official career, has been made a Scn'ing Brother of the Order of St. John.

()Pi" i o" 0/ f lu Dook."-LANCBT.

AID8

M. R.C. S .

"As a work of reference, the book will be excremely u ful and hould be in the library of all amhulance worker. "-FIRST. /D.

P. C . (Harrow). This rcaucr want · tll kno\\' the crililinalliability (if an)) of a man whD rcc('i\l~ s I1ll)rC chang-e

Post free , II. 3d.

II NJ{II , "-FIRST AID.

N. CORB E T F L ETCHER, M. A. , M. B LEGAL QUERY.

FIRaT-AID.

C; ~/. Sir !amll Call/be c,,,tribfltll a" ;" t rotiflctio" a"ti w, ,,,d~rll h ' , r~()1J

POISON.

Seventh Edition.

AMBULANCE

-- ~.C.F.

\YASP-STINC

co.,

24, Commerolal St., BRIGHOUSE,

R.;\1. (Grassl11oor). I n our class la~t \\' ek we hali ~l)l11e difference of opinion as to whether the stomach. liyer splcen, etc., come under .\natomy or Ph)" iology. Your answer \\"ill be appreciated. Both. Anatomy is the science which tl'1I )"l)U the ::.tructure of the body and the internal org-ans as learned hr di section, whereas "Physiology i the t~d)' of th bel1<l\ iou"r of living beings and of the funClion~ of til ir various p<lrb in health. - N. C. F.

AIDa

Plrst·Ald S2111pllllod and Tabalatod , wltb Aldl to .e.ory.

Semi P. C. /01' Price List and Sell-measurement +orms.

THORNTON .\NATOi\l\' OR

SPECIALITY.

MANU ALS OF FIRST-AID, &C., 8, I. CORBEl FLEICBER, •• B., B.C., B,A.(Cutab), .,R.C.I

Cloth, 6d.

With usefnl reference tables.

Strong paper, ~d .

1<4 pp.

BAIIDA81110

III

P . R . C. S.

Post ,d.

Post Id.

DIA8RA.II.

12 PP.-72 bandaging diagrams, with notes.

HEALTH

Strong paper. ~d .

FEW WORDII. (56th thonsand) Revised Strong paper, 3d.

P ost yd.

By Sir R, H. P I ~ TH . D . P . H Paper folder 3 in. and <4 ir.. Post free 3d . net.

FEW WORDII.

20th Thousand .

M . PRESTO N. D , m()",traJ",. t tJ tI" PtJ Z~tlC h " ic . Price IS. net; postage, zd I ts Application Accurately Described by Words and no Diagrams. THE ROLLER BAN DA8E. Price I S. net; postage, 2d. lis Application Accuratelv Described by Words and 102 Diagrams.

HOWARD

THE TRIAIIGULAR BAN DA8E:

FIRST-AID ANATOMIGAL DIABRA.S. 13(1 to lund 1,,)00 Roll

Post (ree, 31 . 9d . net.

No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs Price 28 . net; postage old Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students o( Anatomj Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects.

'I'

THE GOMPLETE MANIKIN .

THE WHOLE ART OF IIANDA8IN •. 117

TaEI[LA

"Plrst Aid ," ... 6, Cannon Street, London, E C 4.

BOWSER.

Illustrated.

P ost fre e, u . : d .

POGKET FIRIIT AID IIERIEB. By Col . R. J. BLACKHAM. C.B .• C.M . O" C. I. E .• 0.5. 0" M . Jl (I ) Poisoning, (2) Ha:morrhage, (1) I nsensibility, (.~) Asphyxia (Suspe nd ed Br~ au

We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretaries and others with specimen copies of this Journal fo r distribution among their

members.

Apply to

the

Publishers, FIRST AID, 46 Cannon St., London B.C .... .

u FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

To be ~t out and en'losed willi all QuerIes JUNE, 1933.

Ing), (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, (6) Wounds, Bites Burns Scald . Ruptnre and Minor InjurIes. The Series contains all the essentials of F'lrst Aid P rinted on Iinen ·lined cards, 31 In. X si In. Third Edition. 6c1 . ne ~ ~ch postage 2d extra.

AIDB TO MEMORY FOll FIRIIT AID STUDENTS AND NURSES VBRNON N EWTON. M . R " ~ . • . ( E D2 ). 9d. net. P est ' JOH"

BilLE ,

SONS

DIlNIELSSON.

83-91, G r eat Tltchfteid S tre et L o n do n

Ltd.

W 1.

Hobson & Sons (London) Ltd.),

J. AI WYLIE & co .. Who/fills/e Makers of

Manufacturers of Unijorms, Headdresses. Accoutrem 'nts for

MEDALS,

BADGES

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. SPECIAL OFFER of All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed TROUSERSPrivates-13/9 per pair. LIMITED

AND

TROPHIES suitable tor U

FIRST AID "

AMBULANCE AND 80CIETIE8.

for the Xmbulance anb ~ur$\ng ~tt'\ljC't~

SEND FOR SELECTION ON A PPROV AL No. 77 -

Bronze, 3 /-: .sliver, 4 16; Sliver, Gold Centre. 6/9 ·

QUANTITY ONLY.

Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

O",ji"al Designs and Quo /allons post

,,,ee

Wholasale PrlC8S to all .. FIRST AID" SOCIETIEI. Contractors to H.M. Ministry of Monitions. Russian Government. &c

ADDRESS-

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I.

London .showroom -

Phone-Hop 0680 & 7065.

62,

HOLBORN

SURCICAL ~UIPMENT.

.. STERAID ' (Regd.) series 01 absnrbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lints an original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dress· ings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers only th e quan· tity of gauze 0r lint required; after cutting this off, rotate the Con· tainer in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from ex' posure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded the Certificate at the Institute ot Hygiene.)

•

Perfect Fit, Quality and Materials, Correct Details,

We have had 50 years experience In the maki 1& of Uniforms.

"SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient recep cacle lo r receiving soiled dressings, sanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing In any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing , pring, without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and OUl. "ZORBO" (Regd.) P~EUMONIA JACKETS; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST· AID and SURGICAL EQUIP. MENT, &c. Complying with Home IJffice Requirements.

•

WRITE FOR DESIGNS. SAMPLES and PRICES 49, Hardman Screel,

LIVERPOOL. II

~OBE~T BAILEY & SON, Ltd. MARRIOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT w.e.1.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE

DIRECT FROM OUR FACTORY

All Dressings are of GUARANTEEO BRITISf-1 MANUFAOTURE.

SEND FOR PRICE LISTS:-

E.C.

VIADUCT.

Telophonf! 0i40 CIt.,.

North of England Office: 22, YORK PLACE, LEEDS.

ard at 137. Sentinel House, Southampton Row, London,

CORPS

~ht C)noepenbent <)ournal

Phone: R .)yal 2992

15, Red Lion Square. LONDON, \II, .C.l Phone : Chancery 86 4 6 •

~II· H4~ :I :Ii I: i i 4;Iii I): bJ (L'POOL) LTD.

Printed and .t'ublisheu by DALE, REYNOLDS & Co., Ltd., 46, Cannon·street, London, E.C·4, to whom all communications should be addressed. Telegrams · -" Twenty·tour, London." Telephone -Central I1 2I • To be had of all NeloVs3gents, Booksellers and Bookstalls in the TTuitp.d Kingflom and at all Railway B I){)k~talls of Mec;;rc;. W. H Smith and SOD S.

No. 469.

Vol. XL.

JULY, 1933.

Price 3d.

14thEdltlon . Fu ll) R , P;std. W,tlJ zr;8 lliustraiio,.s, som. CO/O tt 1·ld. Stit! Boards, ~ /9 post I,·ce.

UNIFORM for all V.A.D.

DETACHMENTS

WARWICK & TUNSTALL'S

Send /01 detailed price list.

"FI RST AID" TO THE INJURED SICK . A ,. A d"anccd

COMPLETE OUTFIT FOR B.R.C.S. MEMBERS

AND

A m/",{allCf! Ha/ldbook 167th THOUSAND. EDITED BY

F . C. N ICHOLS, M.C . , M. B.,

ConsisLing of Coal, Cap, Dress , Apl on , Collar, ambrieCap, leevcs, Bel t, for

eh. fl., ~I. R. e.s., L. R. C. P.•

L.u.s.,lnte CAPT. R .A.~I.C t Tl. " One of th e most concise works on the subj ect publ ished at a popu· lar pr ire. "-First Aid j om·nat. "Has

taken

STANDARD

its

pla ce

W ORK." -

£4 : 1 : 6

as a En'tish

For ST. JOHN AMBULANCE SISTERS

ALSO LARGE SH EET

"FIRST AID" WALL DIA~R~MS

(Sile 2 f t. 2 in. by 3 ft. 4 in. ) Enlarged from the Tlluslr:l llOnS In tl: e allo\'(·.

I nvaluable for Lectu r e s a n d Classes.

Compri>ing Coa I , lI ~l, Dress, Apron, Collar, ufT.. Bell, Glo\'ec:, for

Complete Bet of 19 Sh eets on tough cartridge paper, with Roller, 4 ~ / - net; or mounted on Linen, 7 0 /- net. Postage 1/3· Well selected for their pur pose • . will certainl y save the Lecturer much trouble. "- Hospital.

just Published. De/llY&'o. #-Ilp. '78 fllllstratio1ls.

1 58. lIet; posfaee 9d .

MASSACE

EXERCISES

AND

REMEDIAL

IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL CONDITIONS By

NOEL

TIDY, .

ST. JOHN COAT.

RED CROSS APRON.

for the Ambulance and

£3 : 18 : 0

Nursing Services.

NURSES' OUTFITTINC ASSOCIATION. Ltd. CARLYLE

1l/eJJlb~r oj tlte Cltartercd Society 0/ Massage al~d llrcdlcal Gymnastics; Sister.in.Cllarg-e, ftras,age Dept., P'7ncess ,lEary s R.~ :F. Ho~j>. Halton. "A book which will be a real help. Every cond ItIOn. "hlc~ ca!1 be treated by physical means has been most c.~refully ~;.al,t w CI~'1t: ~YGlllu s. trations are all ex reme'y clear and helpful. -j(l7Ir. oJ tile • • 1 .1 . •

The Independent Journal

Complete Indoor Uni form only for '27 /-

Medical /ounlai.

FIRST AID

BUILDIl G,

STO [(PORT.

London : Abhey H~lIse. \\ e~ll1linster. :--. \\. I. 57. Remhaw Sireet. M a n c h ester : 0, f..ing C:1red. New castle : ?(i. Nonhllmberiaml Stlcel. Birmin g ham : :\ Ryder Sireel. 8outharnpton : ., Abo,e ~!.lr. GlaSg ow: 1I1 ,L'lIionSt. Ab e .. deen : 'li~s<:rn)',25, lo ... n I. L i ll o rpool

J O H N WR I G HT & SO N S L t d (F. A.Box 24 8 , BRISTOL.

ANew Opportunity!

IODINE is officially recommended for use in First Aid. Carry an Emergency Supply with you in a portable form.

I..earn the SCIE NTI FIC METHOD of

SWEDISH MASSAGE JOINT MANIPULATIONS

VOLUME XL .

and

MEDICAL

ELECTRICITY.

Your knowlettge of First Aid will help you. A Lu c rative Care e r Assured.

Students wilh our Diploma are quali~ed for. and ~~ com· mence in private prac~ice; others ~btaJn salaned posItIons as private Mass~urs, Tnlners to leadlOg Football Clubs, etc.

A Fasci n atin g Study .

Designed to provide a complete EducatIOn m Mampulatlve Therapy by easy stages.

Whatever yo ur present occupati~n is

we can teach you by our simple and effiCient methods m your own home.

Students in all parts of the World from Cornwall to Siam testify to the efficiency or our trading Methods. A WONDERFUL PRACTICAL COURSE

Mod e r ate Fees

. .

payable by easy instalments. A few shllllOgS monthl), Will enable you Lo commence this absorbing study. Write NOW jor our free booHet "MANIPULA7 I VE THERAPY AS A PROFESSION ."

50, SMAE

INSTITUTE, LEATHERHEAD.

( No. 469, July, 1933, to No 480, June, 1934). IODINE PEN with wick, g la~s conl aine r in aluminium case, filled Is. 3d. each, posl3be 2 d.

DY W IODINE FILLED PEN wilh screw cap in nickel plated case, 9d. each, postage 2d .

REYNOLDS & BRANSON, Ltd.,

L OND ON :

Ambulance£xperts" LEEDS. D ALE,

R EY NOL D S

CO.,

LTD.,

46,

CANN O N

ST R~ ET,

E. C.4.

IN D EX

o ( )pportunity for Sen icc, An, 38 \)(dcr of St. John, The, r66, 250 ()u r Crosswurd l'uzzl<!, ISS, 209, 236, 266, 279 Our ?\ursc,;' l'agcs, 17, 4.J, 74, 101,129,153, 106,213,240, 26b, 29.~,

32 5

p J'lllnecrs uf \lcdicine, 100, 266

INDEX. A A~IBULANCE K EW:; CUTTINGS FRO:\I THE PRKSS-

Air Bubble as Cause of Death, 297 B;;.by ;::,a ved by its Play, 73 belladonna Mistaken for Liquori('e, 323 Bullet Coughed Up after 34 \r ears. 2 I 7 Constable t'rai sed fur First Aid 'York, 97 Crushed to Death by Crowd, 235 Death from Electric Shock, 73 " Caused by Pucket-knife, I 7 F.rst Aid for Thief when Laugh, 323 Girl Hiker's Pluck, 97 Hysterical Hydrophobia, 297 Kdled by Swallowing Boiling Water, 2 [7 Mail Ydn as nm blliauce, 235 ;\lan Sl\'ims wilh BrukeJ Leg, 235 Miner's Remarkable Recovery, 97 l'Iis;ed Death by Inches, 50 NecK broken by Falling lJynamite, 187 Nine Yeils with a Broken N eck, 73 OvelC0m~ by Flll11eS from Engine, 217 l'as3enger's First Aid, 21 l'.:lrul Risks at llome, 323 Remalkable Cas~ of Suffuca tiun. 21 Shrap nel Emb d . ed in Throat, 187 S.O.~ . to Telephone Operater, 50 Tr e Felled to RecJver Marbles, 50 Woman's Poiso n :i \Iixture, 297 American Rei Cross F.r~t Aid Textu)ok, 2, 26 Ap,.>r.::cia1i ,m of Seevic!, An, 95 A rLI fic:al Respiration for Two Vears, 320

B Blo ld Transfusion, 98 " " in Treatm ~ nt of Shoc"', 9 Brigade in Ireland, Th·, 13 f B ei l~h I:Z~J Crus; ~ew5, 134, 19 0 , 24 2 , 270, 29 8

c Collie y Xews (. J.\'i 6atiJn Cvllier),), Mountain A;h, 27 Coming Events, 211,2-16,261,298, 32b Commercial Motor t ran-pJrt EAhibiuon, 134Common \[ stakes in Fir"t Ai I, 13, 30,60,209 Competitio:1s fCJm a COl11)etitor's a:ld Speclator's Pui ,lt of View, 3

D " D .... ily ~Iail " I';eal IIome Exhibitiun, 269 Deaths by Poison in 193 1 , 19 Detailed ~Iarking Shee c No. 41,121 " 4 2 , 147 lJiagnos.is, " of Poisomng, The, 42 Diph her!a, 184 DUlham, ClevelG',nJ and Wc:,tm0rland Districts AmlJuLnce League, 126,230

E Early Days of Diphlhelia, T he, 265 EDITORIAL : -

A Doc to rs Lament, 165 Ambulanc~ Boundaries and Att enda nts, 53 Ambula'1ces and Traffic Ligh's, 193

l'ul.lel·, A,\Il;ULAr'iU£ Nh\\'~:Hi rlllinghalll Special CunstaLular), "B" Ui visi~ion (1\ orth Area ), 206 Bllm:ngh.:t1l1 ~pecial ConstalJUlary l 'ese rve, IOU Hrecllnslnre Consta!Ju1al)" I~O City of 1.onoon, 1:;5 I'olic e j'e:;ene, 35, 60, 9[ 155,17<) ." Sl: 'cial CfJl1stalJU tal,}, 29 i ' ,\1 LJ\'IIIJIHan Police, 125 'p:::cLI C)nstabulary , 315

Annual Report of the B. R. C. S., 1, 305 " , . " " ~ .J.A.B., 25 lla\'e We l:'rospered? 137 Nation al Co mpetitions, 277 Protection Against 1'uison (,a, 109 Road Accident and Payment, 249 Value of Publicil)" The, 22l Winter Session, The, 81 Enc) clJ{:''l.:ciia of Ilealth, 224

1',)licc 1\atilJllal I list :\id COlllpetition 20" 232, 257 29; , \\' c:s. thSex Con~talllI!ar}', '2() 3 I' lit ::'dstal ALlthurit)·, 113, 32 6 1'1)1l11l:.tth C()l1staIJllIM)"

PI'.\CIICAL I'OINTS:-

F First Aid E quipment for Nunl:s, 322 " Treatment ')f Cac;cs Su /fering- from t'.e Elll.!cts of Poisun Gas, 54 F ourth [nternati onal Congress for Life·Sa\ing ano Fir~t Ait! in (a.t's of Accident, 19-1

De th I,) A.pirin Pili. oiling, .p, Pc tth iwm Blood liOl in L mg, .p Ile.HI! flom lnhabtill 1 A .;phn,ia, .. I,l r It ciellL rlf~l Ai d, l-l • • ~ (l ,fO/ Air A mhul.lI1cc, l.I I'rll elp't' of I' list Aid, S) l'liH) Ill' \\,de', 10,37,'01,90,120, l.i', 174, 203, ~3[, 259, ~::, ..) l'r ,\',em in I' J[ l \il1, 2f)I , 'r )nenes - tf) .\ccident·, The, I 2

General Rulc, for the Treatment of Puisoning (\-erse), 16

H Hammer, Captain N urll.lln, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., 22) Hint on Home J\'ursi ng, 28 History of th! Thermometer, The, 127, 15 6 II ul11 e Nursing Tips and Snag~, 222, 251, 2 llome Service Amuulance Comm.tlee, 78, 267 lIospitalltrs' Club, The, 110, 141, [().J, 222, 279 llospital Librarit:s, 264 J low to Treat Fe~ers, 126 lIuman Body like a 1'1 ne, 20~

I lne <pensive Stop·Watche.; and :\Iarm Watches, 257

L Lapse, A, 128 Lecture.; lIl. First Aid , 55,84, 113, 1::",21 l, 260 L egion of Frontiersmen, 224 L essons in ~l ementary Anacomj', IS, 36 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR ' -

Ambulanc Sister's Complaint, An, 230 Appreciation, An, 210,267 Fracture of the Spine, 40 Here, The .e and Everywhere, 78 In,elesting Case, An, 180 London Hospital Lecture , 180 " " Medical College, 210 K ational H.oad Passenger Transport Ambulance As:;uciatiun, 99 ~pecial Constahles and First Aid, 78,99, 131 Lighter Side of First Aid, The, 43 Lincoln and District Ambulance Society, 236 Liverpool First Aid Posts, 225

M Mar vels of the Brain and 'e rvous System, 96 Method of Transporting a Patient Sufiering from SU .' pecled Fracture of the Spine, 306 M etholS of ]{esuscILation, I I I, 140, 175 More Views on Competitiom, 40

N New Commissioner Xo. I (Plince of Wales's) Di strict, S.J.A B., 29 " Members of the Fast Aid Family, 197 " Year Resolutions, 166

QITERIE.:> ,\:-."1) ANSWERS TO CORRESI'O

DENTS

;\cti(ln of Ulh.:er in Lh uge of Te,lIn, 104 1'<.:r1l1all~;lnate of 1'''!OlJl <I'i " All1bulap.cc 'j tet'. SJtchcl, I :-; , .\n l:her E ,uminaliull 1111\\ ler, 2.f6 t;.ll.da~(' fur FI ctured Furearm 'Ou Hdgilr!e Elfciellc\', ~ 17 ' J Calcium C, I bide -I' .. j oll'ng-, 77. lOll, 132 ('lthtl\OIl f \'.uico e \·l.!.Jb, 20 ('ul1lp~titlOn I'lOb:CIIl, A, ),lS Cumplicated Frac~lIle uf ~!,c:ta;arpll~. :!: I ., . . ' bdU_',.7ll, IllO _ C Im[.l)~ltl(Jn uf Hee Stll.,;, lOG " C tSV, 2.J6 Cmlpountl \)11lpl c.lled Yraclllre uf Lq; 3 2 ::) Conduct uf CUlllpetitioll, 217 ' C()nlll~eJ \\'ound or ContU::iIOn, 15 J),lngers of ,\ III mOil ia. 13; " CnrnpJlllHll'l;eture of Thi ,J, 21 })eferescence in ~le. sles , 274 ."> , I>elinition of Poi~ )n, I,'::) l)~!licult Breathing \\ Ilh Chest Injuries, JOO DI::;loc.ltions of ) \ltllts, 330 l:,)~tor's Dilelllll,a, The, 77 ~thlcs of Fir;;l Aiel, 132 ~1I~cts of m )lJcl Transfu sion, 32::; ~pilep:;y ~I Infantile Convulsions. 104 EX:1Il11natlOn llo\\ ler, 20, 4S, 76, IU4, 132, 15b, 1~0, 21U, 2-/-/, 272, 300,

328

Ex:wliI13.liul1 of Shocked Patient, 50 ,. " "Person, 77 ~lrL Aid LO a Bullock, 244l'racture Involving Elbow·) )int, leO " of Arm In\ olving Elbow, 2H " "Base of Skull, 272 .. " . lo ,Clavicle with Injury to Arter), 21 I 1.\cttllCJ }< el11ur wilh VVollnd, 274 lLclllorrlnge flOm Stomach, 244 " . . in Competilion, ISS lIe.HI InjUries with Insensibility ""0 Howler in " Fir t Aid, " 106 '.:U llumoLlrs of First Aio , "176 6 ' 21 7,27 2 ,302 , , 106 , IJ' 2 ,10,I)9, " "llome Nursing, 48 Inf~clious Di seases , 21 7 IodIDe as Irritant of Skin, 15 8

iii

Iodine with Punctured Wounds 189 Left Limb Injuries, 21 ' Meddlesome First Aid 48 106 Peeps into the Past 76 1~6 Picric Acid Gauze for Burns 216 (2 ua lifications of a First Aid~r "'00 H.eader's Request, A, 300 ' .) Removal flom Noxious Fume3 274 Series of Examinalion Jlowler~ A 274 Sewer Gas, 188 ' , S!de to Side Movement of Head, 21 Signs of Com pression of Brair J? 3 .. '.' "Dealh, 133 ' . Siltcate of Soda in Eye, 102 !:lllvester 's Method, 188 ." " of Artificial I'espiration, 2£6 SlInple Fractures of Cla\'icJe and lIun.erus, 160 Spuklet Resuscit~tor, 302 Status of Cadet Officers ]"0 Slrange Action in DrO\\'Dl~g Case, 21 ?udden Loss 01 Power of Legs, 189 Thank s to the Doctor 104 Tran sport of Fractured pdvis, r89 " Spine, 272 " Pati~nt with} ractured Spine, 133 TJeutnlent of Aspirin Poisoning, 244 ~ractures of Base and Jaw, 76 1 reatment of BUIDS, 77 Chlor.oform Pvisoning, 3 0 2 Choktng, 328 Compound llacture, 160 " ,. of Leg, 132, 21 7 <;onlaminaled W0und, 15 8 l',cacture on the pul, ISS 1 ractu red .AIm, 160 Ua\icle, 106 Patel 'a, 300 Pdvis, 132 ~pine, 48, 188, Ib9 " or Pelvio , 189 " Tibia, 246 l'racturt:s in Danger Zone 302 Frost Bite, 133, 1 S ' Illsect BiltS, 133 I od lre PuisoOlng, 13 2 L)'~ ol Poisoning, 272 Opium I'oi,oning, 10 4 Stmple .Flaf'tule of l'alelh 3~o Snow Blindness, 21 ., prainej Ankle Indoors, 216 " "Out of·deor 21 G Tar Scalds, 246, 272 ' Thru h, 330 " "enomous Snake' ite, 48, i7 Twu oles of ~n Examiner I bo Unf.tir Examinat:on, 76 ' Use of Hlue Bag, 272 U:;e; of First Aid, 20 " Stetho cope, 77 Walking with Broken Spine 3 28 'Wasp sting Poison, 20 ' Water.gas Asphyxia, 216

R R .ULWAY AIIIBUL .\NCK NEWS~Iilish Columbia Electric, IS2 L'lcat \Vestell1 lZailway 12 64 9'" p'" 1 ~o 177 • '" -, --, ) , , 20" 237, 26J, 28 7, 3 18 Inter.lhIlw~y Ambulance Compdition, 262, 287, 316 London, :'Ildland and Scottish Railway 12, '9 177, ~3S, 263, 288, 3 19 , .) , 9 2, 122, 15 1, London and North EaSLern Railway, I .'), 6 - 8 , 2 6 3, 290, 3 9 - 39, " " 9.'), 12.)' 15 1, 208 , .:.!3 ' t , 1 MetropolJtan Railway, 2"9 cottish IZailway~, 23 8 .) Southern lZ'tilway, 124, 264, 29 0 Welsh Inter.Railway Competition, 124 " R bC) "

Lightning Bandage Fastener 173

t~ e~ent De\'elopments in Resuscitation,' 69

h.ed Cro ss New., 22,47, 15 2 " . " Ship (\'erseJ, 43 Re lew of Lhe History of the Order of St • John 0 f J erusa Ien', A, 149

INDEX.

FIRST AID

ST. JOIl:" Ai\ISLLANCU: BRIGADE DI ST RICT REPORTS; -

REVIEWS : -

No. I (Prince of Wales's) Dis rict. 6, 31, 57, 85, 114, 14 2 , 170, 178, 198,226,25 2,282, 309 No. II Di-lricl, 6, )1, 57, 5, Q3, 200 No. U[ DJstrict, 7, 31, 58. 156,116,144,171,227,254,2 2 No. 1\' Lanca ' hlre) District, 7, 33, 58,86, 11 6, 144, '71, 201, 22 , 25~, 28 3, 309 ~ o. \' Dist.ict, 5 ,87,117,201,229,255,2 J, 3 10 No. VI District, 7, 117, 255, 3W TO. VII Disllicl, 145,229, 283 o. \ TIlI (Dilke of Connaught's) District, 8, 34, 59,87, 1,8, 145, 17 2 , 25 6 , 28 3, 3 10 No IX District, 9,59.88, 1I8, 146, 172,201,229, 28 4 NJ. X Disttict, 34, 59,89, LP, 17 2,202,229

" Ac;;idents and Emergencies," 218 " Ambulanc;! Handbook," 69 " Diner's Dinner," 1 2 " Efficiencf in First Aid," 218 " Gas Defence! " I 2 " Habits for Safety," 142 • , New Dictionary for Nunes, A," 297 " Order of the IIos;>ital of St. John, The," 147 " Practical Poinls in Eye Surgery and Dressings," 95 " Pamp of Life,' 182 Ritual of the Wet Sheet, The, 176 Road Transport Ambulance News, 67 Royal Life S3.ving Society, The. 46, 63, 94, II9, 157, 180 Rural Hygiene. 178

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services . No. 469.-VOL. XL.

Sl. John Ambulance Brigade Finals, 5, 312 't. John's Gate, 307 Successful Year in Wales, A, 91 Surgical Bandage, A, 133

Second Line of Defence, The, 82, 138, 168 Simplified Home NurslOg Couplets, 38, 63, 102 S.J. A.B. Drill :'Ianual, The, 292, 308 II O"erseas, 68, 297 Skeleton, The, 183 Sparklet Pocket Resuscitator, The, :lI2 Splints for Practice Work, 56 St. John Ambulance Association, 27, 83, 110, 138,166,194,25 0 ,27 8 , 306

"Tannafax: " Tannic Acid Jelly, 166 Tannic Acid Treatment for Barn!', 19 Territorial Army Ambulance Challenge Shield, 315 To'{ins Cause Fever, 195

v Voluntary Aid Detachments, 99

w What is Food Poisoning? 65

NOTICE

JULY, 1933. R.EADERS.

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month.

Bristol Centre, S.J. A.A., Competition-Dr. N. Burgess judging the " Lavington " Cup Competition," 27 BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY:

L. 29 Detachment, 270 Mayor of East Ham, at the opening of the Essex/59 Road Aid Post on Wanstead Flats, 22 Cumberland Motor Transport, Ltd., Ambulance Section, 17 Exterior and interior of the Glenelg Beach, Sonth Australia, casualty room, 75 Fort William Ladies First Aid Team, 130 Hammer, Captain Norman, M.R.C.S., L.R.C P., 225 II. R. H. The Duchess of York presenting the" Dewar" and, c Perrot" Shields, 313 New Austin "20" motor ambulance or the Plymouth and District Ambulance Service, 278 POLIC E AMBULAN C E;

Birmingham Special Constabulary" B" Division (North Area), 206 Breconshire Police Amuulance Team, "E" Division, 1933,61 Emery, CCllnmander C. G., 35 "Vest Sussex: team with the .C Pim" Challenge Cup, 233 Port of Bristol annual ambulance competitions in progress, 113 PRIORY FOR WALES:

Annual inspection of the Units in the Borough of Swansea Centre, 14 8 Bargoed St. John V.A D. (Glam. 256),37 Commis~ioner for Wales inspecting the Units in the Borough or Merthyr Tydfil Centre at Treharris, I I Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O. B. E., speaking to officers of the Melthyr Nursing Division, IO Lord Mayor of Cardiff presenting the" Llandinam" Shield, 285 RAILWAY AMBULANCE ; -

G.W.R. ; Pant, G.W.R., Ambulance Team, 65 Presentation of the Directors' Challenge Shield to South Lambeth Team, 288 Inter·Railway; South Lambeth Team Receiving the Ch~llenge Sh;eld from Sir Josiah Stamp, 317

L. M.S.; Crewe r.lachine Shops' Team Receiving the L. 1. S Championship Shield, 289 . , .. Lady Stamp Presencing the L.M.S. Women s ChamplO1l!,hlp Cup, 289 L.K E.R. : Cooper, Mr. Sydney, z63 Jackson, the late Captain George, '51 S. R. : Annual Redbridge (S. R.) Challenge Cup Competition in Progress, 124 " Rasco" Lightning Bandage Fastener, The, 173 "Sparklet" Pocket Resuscllator, The, 2[2 ST. JOHN AMBULAl" CE BRIOAD& ; N O.1 (Prince of Wales's) District. Goodley, Captain W., M. c., ?9 Lewisham Divisional Competitions in Progre3s, 115 Members of the No 34 (Barking) ursing Divisiun, S.J.A. B., 241 Lady Wilkinson, Presenting the ., MacFd.dden" Challenge Cup, 297 o. IV (Lancs.) District Commissioner W. G. Smith Inspecting the Blackpool Division, 7 Drum Head Service held at Stydd Church, Riuchester, 33 " Pim " Cup, Thf', 95 Opening Group at the Thornton Cle\ erleys 1\ ursing Divisions' Sale of Work, 18 Team and Officers of the Leyland Division, 117 No. VI Disttict. Alexandra Dock Division, lIull Corps, 253 Jenkins, Mr. R., M. P., Opening the Second Road -side lIut of the Darlington Division, I 17 No. VIII (Duke of Connaughl'~) District. Dedication of the Dover S. T. A. B. N tW IIeaclq uarters, 256 Herne Bay ursing Division Team, 325 Horsham Divisional Team, 145 No. IX District. Ashburton Divisions' Successful Tableau, 88 Ilfracombe Ambulance Team, 31 I No. X Dist rict. New Ambulance Post of the Manningtree Division, 59

PRICE THREEPENCE

[3/6 PER ANNUM, POST FRt!E

EDITORIAL. The

Annual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3d. Its aim and Object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on suujects pertaining to the Movement nnd also welcomes suggest ions for Practical Papers. All Reports, &c., should be addressed 10 the Editor at lhe address below, and should re3.ch him before the 12th of each month, and must be accom pan ied (not necessarily JOY f>ub!ication) by the name and address of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, Advertisements and other busines~ C(lmmunications connected with FIRST AID should be forw:uc'ed to the Publishers,

Illustrations.

Entered at ] [ Stationers' Hall

DALE, REV 'OLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CA 0:" STRItKT, LONIlON, E.C.4. 7e1el{yaphic Address-"Twentl'-joll1', Londoll." 7e1ephone-Cwlral I421.

CONTENTS

THIS

NUMBER.

EnITORIAL-

\nf1ual Rl'PMI of I hl B. R. C .. \Jlll'rirall Rl'd Crn.;-; Fir ... t .\iLl Tc'dbook (\lmpL'litil1n ... f!'llm a COl1lpl'litl)r'S and Spcctator's I\)int \If "ic\\' SI. J lllll1 .\mhulilncc nri~adL' Finals S.).I\. Brigade District Report Blood Tral1sfu ... il)l1 in Tn.'at mcnl of hock Priol'\ for \\'ail's Raih~a)' Ambulance Ncws Common ~l i... lr.ke ... in Fir.;l .\id

2 3 5 G 9 10 12

Rn IE\\' : Habits fIll' afl ty Practica l PLlinls ... Lecl ures in Elelllcntary Analomy Cl'ncral RlIkc, for TrL'at J1ll'n! of Poisoning ... Our Nurses' Pages Tannic ,\cid Treall1lent tor Burns ... nt'aLh" by Poison in 1931

14 14

15 16 17 19 19

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONOENTS-

Trcalment of Fraclured Spine Examinalion IIowler Causation of Varicose Vl'ins Uses of First Aid vVasp-Sting Poison ... Left-Limb Injuries ... HUlllours of First l\id FracLure of elm'icle wilh Injury to Artery Dang-crs of Compound I-mclurcs of Thigh S~rangc AcLion in Drowning Case Slde-to-Side l\lo\,cmenls of JI ead Treatment of Snow Blindness ... Ambulance ews and Cuttings frolll tile Press l~ed Cross News

20 20 20 20 20 21 21

21 21 21 21 21

IN spite of adverse conditions in trade and other matters, gratifyREPORT OF THE ing advances in all branches of B.R.C.S. the British Red Cross Society were recorded In the Annual Report for 1932. ANl UAL

Trai ned person nel con ti n ues to Increase In numbers. There are now 162 men's and 813 women's detachments, with a membership of 4,185 and 19,422 respectively. At the Society's Rheumatism Clinic in London, 78,589 attendances were recorded, an increase of 687; whilst in the private patient's department, there were 8,040 attendances. Investigations into the results of treatment to 2: 133 patients discharged during- the year, revealed that no less than 73'4per cent. were either cured outright or showed marked improvement. The Blood Transfusion Service also showed increase, there having been 2,442 calls as against 2,078 in 1931, and 1,627 in 1930. I n London there are now available 1,304- blood doners, eighty of whom served for the tenth time, nineteen for the twentieth, two for the thirtieth, two for the fortieth and one for the forty- fifth. The n umber of hospitals making use of this service has increased by 24. The Junior Section continues to make satisfactory progress. During the year members WE're awarded 1,805 certificates and 102 proficiency badges for Junior First Aid, Nursing and Hygiene. Several of the county branches are co-operating in local schemes for the assistance of the unemployed, and at hospitals, clinics, and welfare centres, as a di rect response to the appeals made by the Prince of \,vales as patron of the National Council of Social Service.

FIRST

American Red Cross First Aid Textbook. (Continued (rom page 308).

IN the American Textbook our broad bandage is called the" cravat," though instructions are given whereby it may be converted into a smaller and even in-to our narrow bandage. The cravat is evidently used much more freely than with us, being recommended for head, cheek, ear, eye, neck, arm, forearm, palm of hand, thigh, leg, for armsling with fractured arm as well as for joints of knee and elbow. For the latter certainly I prefer our dressing bandage, though the Bandage for Spr2.ined Ankle seems exceedingly useful, the instructions reading thus;- "Leave shoe on. Place middle of narrow cravat under shoe just in front of heel. Carry end up and back crossi n g over instep and then downward toward the arch to make a hitch under the cravat on each side just in front of heel of shoe. Pull tight, carry ends up across instep and tie." Chapter IV deals with "Wounds," and recognises only three varieties, the contused being omitted. The dangers of infection are vividly stressed and followed by the curious instruction that a physic.:ian should always be consulted" if the wound is serious," no hint being given as to what constitutes "serious." The treatment of wounds is divided into t\\ 0 classesaccording to whether bleeding is severe 0:- not severe. Consequently, students are not concerned, as with us, with arterial, venous and capillary bleeding. Iodine is recommended as the antiseptic. 'Visely, as I believe, it i:, to be " painted on " (and not as in our Textbook" applied to II) wound. and allowed to dry before dressing is applied. The Tincture of Iodine of the American Pharmacoprea is almost three times stronger than our Tincture and consequently instructions are given to dilute it to half strength with alcohol. The instructions concerning the handling of wounds are as in our Textbook except the one which tells first aiders " to encourage bleeding, if not already' present, by very gently squeezing or milking towards the wound . " Frankly, such action with us would rank as meddlesome first aid . The main arteries to head and limbs, are not named, except with reference to pressure points which are only indicated for the Head (Carotid, Facial, Temporal) and for the Limbs (Subclavian, Brachial and Femoral) . Digital pressure on the pressure points is with the fingers, the thumb not being used as freely as with us. As the thumb was made to press and the fingers to clutch, it seems to me that our methods are preferable, though pressure of the four finger tips with the thum b behind the neck seems an ad mirable substitute for our two parallel thumbs for compression

A I D.

July, 1933.

of Carot id Artery . Figures 45 and 46 are to us inco rrect because the patient's head is turned away from the Carotid and Subclavian Arteries under compression, whereby relaxation of thc neck vessels is not obtained and the difficulties of dierita l pressure are intensified. Figure 47 which shows com pre sion of Brachial Artery is also incorrect according to our Textbook, because the upper limb is not placed at right angles to the body. It is interesting to note that for bleeding from thigh, leg and foot pressu re is exerted on the Femoral Artery with the heel (otherwise carpus) of the operator's hand, which is a useful substitute for our two superimposed thumbs and serves to compress the artery against the pelvis. imilarly bleeding from any pa rt of the upper lim b is controlled by digital pressure on Brachial Atery. The condition of" hock" is rightly recognised as serious enough to merit Chapter V. to itself, the result being an admirable dissertation on the causes, prevention, signs and sym ptoms. and treatment, which is et out in three headings -heat, position and stirn ulan ts. I t is noteworthy that in this Chapter of the American Textbook, and in the discussion of all the other emergencies which follow, "prevention" occupies first pIa e after cause, and reminds us that First Aid and Safety First should march together [or the patIent's good. Chapter VI reverts to "'Vound Requiring Special Attention" and to foreign bodies. mid much that need no comment, since the suhject matter is as in our Textbook, the dangers of Tetanus and Powder Burns are briefly di cu sed, while the signs and symptoms of Inflammation are set out in detail, together with an urgent warning in all three cases to consult a physician. ,everal pages are devoted to Venomous nakes, of which the common varieties in America rtre described, and to their Bites, for which I note with interest that the administration of alcohol i not recommended. Further, the first ligature is placed immediately above the wound and not as high up limb as possible, and is not to be left in position longer than one hour. Chapter VII deals with "Artificial Respiration," and differs from our Textbook in that it does not set out the various causes of Asphyxia. The method adopted is the so-called " tandard Technique of applying Prone Pressure," which was approved again in 1927 at a meeting of all organisations interested in the subject and which differs from the original Schafer Method only (1) in the position of the hands (thumbs in clo'>e opposition to the fingers) and (2) in breaking contact after the movement which causes expi ration (the operator setting back on his heels) . To me it is strange that our Textbook Revision Committee ignored the conclusions of this and at least O.ne previous Conference, and also of the Royal Life

FIR S T

Ju ly , 1933.

aving ociety, and th1.t our students are tauerht to press on the thorax instead o[ on the loins . The need [or keep ing the patient warm dur ing performance of artificial respiration is rightly stressed and demonstrated by a diagram, which shows the patient lying on a blanket and the operator carryIng out the movements through a blanket which envelopes the patient. Among the causes of Asphyxia requiring special treatment is Gas Poisoning, under which carbon monoxide receives special att ntion. The frequency of accidents and suicide from this cause in the home and in the garage prov ides a suggestion that Oll r Revision Committee might expand more fully on this topic in the next edition of our Textbook. The fact that a wet handkerchief is not a gas-mask, but only a means of keeping out irritating fumes, is noted with commendable emphasis. Chapter VIII de cribes " Injuries due to Heat and ~old." Three pages are given up to the preventIOn and to rescue fr m a burniner buildiner b b' manx u eful and practical hints being given. For the 1 reatment of Burns and. calds, soda solution, \'a eline, oli\'c or ca tor oil are commended for those of til fir t degree, but for those of second and third degrees ric ric acid gauze, applied and kt;rt moist wi th \\ arm or boi led water, or steri Ie gauze, soaked in a 5 per cent. of tannic acid (not more than three \\ eek~ olel), provide the dressiners of choice. Expericnce ondemns oily dressina~. and ur Textb ok re 'omm nd lint- soaked and kept moist \\ itll bicarb nate of soda solution failing .which, ~)tton \\001 a dressing whi~h is speCifically ondem ned in the American Textbook on the score that it \\'ill stick to the part and when :em~\'cd will further injure til ti sues. Emphasis Is.I~lcl on the difference in symptoms and treatmcnt ?t ullstr ke and Ileac trok ; and the American fextbook agr c. with ours in forhidding the use of cold and wet application in the treatment of Frost Bite. 0:.C.F . (To be cOHtiHued.)

Dr. F. H. P. ""ills, rre ided at the annual meetin<r of the. larlow Division of the St. John .\mbulancc Brig;de whIch was held at the Institute on Thursday, June 15th. '

. The Havant and Waterloo Urban District Council has UCld~d to send .a Ictt~r of appreciation to an employee, Mr. . Vldler, on hiS haVing rassed the annual examination of ~le S.ou~hern Railways Centre of the St. John Ambulance SSOClatlOn, for the eleventh successivc occasion. w ~ a r e prepared to supply Ambulance Secretaries

an d ot he rs wit h specimen copies of this Journal for dist rt' b u t'Ion among their members. Apply to the P u blis hers, FIRST AID .... ci Cannon St., London E . C. -4 .

A I D.

Competitions from a Competitor's and Spectator's Point of View. NERVO~SNE S i~ ~ failing with many teams and competitors-this IS casually explained away as "stage fright." Do competitors realise that in an actual case they often have many onlookers, who are nearly all "experts "-who can do the job better than them-who very audibly criticise and suggest methods, possible injuries, etc.? And there may, of course, happen to be a medical man in the cro\Vd who holds back to see how the St. John man fares. Competitors speak glibly at competitions of 'I keeping back the crowd," etc., but how woule they fare in actual cases where the crowd may bE. hostile? . Often t?e nervous competitor mumbles ques~lOns to t.he Judge. so that the judge has a difficulty tn follOWing the hne of thought of the competitor. ~Ia~~ ~ompetitors inform the judge that they are sterdlstng the hands, etc. , and then im mediately ~et hold of some unsterilised article, place dress~ngs on the floor, stretcher, patien es clothes, etc., Instead of calmly keeping to the ~1anual and follo\Ving out its teaching in every detail. Many competitors can reel off the ~Ianual in parrot fashion and give chapter I verbatim, but do they really understand what it says. Ho\V often do we hear-" Is the patien t conscious?" "Is there any hc:emorrhage?" "Is the bone broken?" "Is there any irregularity?" \lV-hat does the judge think to this? How much better if the competitor would only say-" I'll spe~k to the patient, does he make any reply; do I notice any hc:emorrhage ; do I feel any dampne~s of the clothing and, if so, are my hands bloodstained; does the patient, if conscious, erive ~ny evid.enc,~ of pain at the site; do I feel ~ny Irregulanty, etc. These questions when accompanied by searching or actual feeliner would indi. b cate to the Judge that the competitor really does know his job. It .i~ .no .use competitors grousing after the com petl tl tlon IS over and saying-" there's marks for c,?vering patient with rugs, flannels, etc . , appl ytng hot-water bottles, etc., how could we do it when there were none there? " \ Vould the competitor not have shown up in better light if he had said to the judge-" I ,yould cove r up the patient with blan kets or rugs, can I get any? This would i nd icate to the j ud ere th at the competitor was perfectly aware what sh~u l d be done and would be done if possible . " B.M. H ." r~marks about the type of judge who makes facetIOus remarks and answers the question-" I s there anything in the patient's mouth?" by "on ly his· tongue and his teet h ." \ Ve ll , is not this answer true? ' Vho is the cu l-

Pt R ST prit, or who is at fault, the comp titor or tbe judge? Is not the judge merely trying to teach tbe first aider a lesson? \i\Tbat about the" e ig ht poi n ted" cross" Explicitness." \ V ould the competitor not have sbown his abilitity better by asking-" Do I see any foreign bodies in tbe mouth, any teeth loose, any false teeth, any obstruction in tbe throat? " and look wbilst he is speaking. Surely tb is would meet with a very decisive answer from the judge, "yes" or "no". Surely a very salutary lesson is needed by the competitor of this description, and an answer of the com plai ned type will meet with the first ·-tider enefiting for tbe future. It is no use the competitor vowing that "no more competitions for me," he should never have entered if this is bow he takes it. Very often many of these competitors walk into the room feeling that they are very important persons, that they know all there is to be known about first aid, and never realise that they do at times leave their brains behind. One of the leading London judges once set a test with a deep cut on the front of the thigb just above the knee joint. Each competitor promptly applied a tourniquet to the femoral artery without botbering to enquire the nature of the hcemorrhage, etc. Did not tbese competitors merit the judge's remark: "How could the knife sever the femoral artery without cutting the femur?" Their actions indicated a lack of knowledge of the course of the artery, or otherwise forgetfulness and the latter is a very important point if displayed by tbe first aider. An experience of this description should make the competitors tlz£nk. I was a spectator and far from smil ing at the remarks, I really did think, and made it my business to refer to the l\lanual at the first opportunity. Com petitors should remem ber that the mai n of the judges are keenly interested in first aid and love to try to help us, but unfortunately some competitors will persist in getting it into their heads that the judge is a joe, instead of a friend j and one must always remem ber that it is sometimes necessary" to be cruel to be kind." One grievance against judges is the fact of not marking their sheets during the test j a judge may have a good memory, but however good one's memory is, it can fail at times . The ideal judge should follow up all the work, keep his markings up to date, follow all the actions, etc., of the competitors, and on the compietion of the test, immediately hand over the sheets to the stewards, etc. Th is does really inspire confidence in the judge and gives the competitor the feeling that here he has a judge who really does know h is job and the Manual. Judges, when setting out tests, must of necessity bave their own views on the methods of treatment, particularly with multiple injuries, or

AI D.

july, 1933.

when improvisation is neccssary. Competitors shou ld remember that the lanual gives general rules and he shou ld stick to the book, particularly Chapter 1, and a lso page 11 . One judge makes a point of giving marks [or " blanket bfneath the patient, eorr ctly fo lded . " This is in accordance with the l\ l anual, so why do competitors grouse when they find that they have missed it? Is not the competition and the sheet an educat iona l work which is of valuc to the competitor and others? Iany judges make a point of lumping marks together and the competitor at timcs fcels that he has done the work and got no cred i t for it. Is not this the fault of havin cr small marking hcets '( Detailed marking sheets mu ,t of necc~ 'ity be large in marks, since there must bc some allowance for differen tiation in respect of the varioLls methods of working out the details, yet whcn large markings are put down, comp titors often do grou~e about big totals . Competitors should always make a point of doing their work as nearly as possible a~ in an actual emergency, quietly (having regard to the men tal state of the patien t) and then take arc that the judge has real ised what they ba ve been, or are doing. Some competitors arc rather inclined to be "chatterboxes," which i~ irritable to both judge and spectators. The jud<rc has eyes and can use them. Judges are merely human and can at ti me~ make mistakes, and I have found that the majority of them are ready to go into any mattcr with COIllpetitors afterwrlrds, but they have to bcware of competitors who will try to win by any means. Unfortunately there are some who will take advantage of "arious methods to achieve success, but does not give them the educational bencJit which is the ai m of the organ isers. What can we say of the organisers of COIl1peti tions ? Why do not all the secretarics, etc. , get in touch with the judge, with the book if necessary , and go through the whole matter with him? The judge would appreciate this assistance ij offered in the right spirit. Judges arc busy men , and it must be remem bere,,! that a good com peti tion demands much thought and preparation. j\ mistake is often made in this con nection because one finds that organ isers secure a doctor as j uc\glwho is not a Grst aider. Many of them do n Ol study the Manual thoroughly, hence the faul t!:> placed on the judge's shoulders should be on thos e who secured h im . Com petitors who come across th is class ot judge get the mistaken idea for all time that the) know the job better than the judges, and whe n they come up against one who knows the Manual they find that they make mistakes themsel ves, an d

FIR S t

july, 193.3 .

A It).

--- -------------------------------------------------------------to excuse the mse!ves they pu tit down to the rotten judge. There is another big po in t in competit ions, namely, civi lity and courtesy to the judges . Is it not better whc I~ asking a question of the judge to acknowlcdge hIS rep ly by a pleasant "thank you"? One very seldom hears this, but surely the judge would appreciate it. Thc judge realises at once that there is a good fee l i ng between them, and he feels more inclined to help the competitor afterwards . 1 ut the competitor in the judge's place, and cr is a tryin bcr he would realise it himse lf. Judcrin M h task, particularly if there are a good many teams, so why not some thought for the judge . He is merely a friend and not a victim or a foe. Another point of organising is the issue of marking sheets to the teams; in many competi tions the marki1lgs are on one sheet. This is a big III istake j each team .should hav a separate sheet, and thi~ ~houlc.1 bc given to them after the competItIon. This is mercly part of the educational \'aluc f the test, and gives the teams opportunityof realising their shortcoming ' and make them \'0\\ that this is the la~t time that they will make this or that mi~sion . :\fanual rdcr'nces could, \\ ith advantage, be il1~cl-ted in many of the items. I notice that Dr. Lakin refcrs to this il1 hi~ article rc competitions, but I as lime that b doe~ not intend to mean that hi rcfercnc s should bc 011 the final sheets. Ther ar~ many si le~ to the question of competition, and there is no doubt that many of them can be imprnn~d upon. It is no use crrousingand \ 0\\ i Ilg 11:'\0 more cum pcti tions f~r me" etc. This Ica~b to . "? em ien )'; there are wa;'s and mcans o[ attaInIng the ideal test, .so why not set to work t gct thcm n arer? Exp rience tea he' judg s and competitors in tht;~e ma~ters, .a~l~ free expres~ions of opinions, constrllctl\'C CrItIcIsm', et'., wi(h a. read" off r to I:clp, go a long way to bringing the ideal competitIons nearer. - \ \'. E. T.

had, among olher injuries, a broken arm, too long out in the rain. (Shock.) (~) Clumsy, and ~n S01l1C cases brutally rough, halldltng of the fractured limb. 3. Tcam \\'ork, as such, \\'as baJly co-ordinated. There were too many peorle talking at once in muny cases. It seems to me a good method for team to arrange for one member to address the judge, the others reportin~ to this leader. ., 4, It.is no g~ocl lrying t? an ive at a diagnosis simply by lmng rapid (-lucstlOns at the Judge. You must go through a sllow, at lea t, of examining the patienL, . 5. Some t~ams, after remo\'ul of the patient to shelLer, paid no attentIOn to her general condition, with the result that the unconsciousness into which she lapsed at the 5th minute, was unduly prolong-cd. .6. I appreciated that many teams, being unable to deCide whether the Left Ankle was broken l'r sprained, put up for a fracture. . 7, Stretcher work was not good, Handling of the patient, generall)" was cruelly careless. 8, Competition are im'aluable for teaching us to keep our head~, and to go steadily on ",ith our job, unhurried and unratlled, \\'e all learn frolll them, judges as ",ell as candidates, and are better First Aiders for the training in le\'el-headcdness thaL they gi\'e us . :-\.

\\'.

H ,DDIER.

PERROTT» TEA,\! TEST.

({ DEWAR» TEA~I TEST,

This test \\ as di\'ided into greater detail than an\' te",t I h,we e\'er judged, and 1 am quitt:! ~ure that not a sin;le item was left unaccounted for, l:> This speaks \'ery highly for the thoroughness of Dr. Bendix who set it, but entailed a considerable amount of memorising on m)' part, and it \\'as only by kno\\'inlT it practicall.' .by heart, that I was enabled to keep pace ~~ith the competitors, o much for the trials of a judge. ] hope I ma\" h;ne the o~p()rtunity of selling a test for Dr. Bendix to- jud:;c sometIme. In a Test so highly di\' ided as this, competitors ar~ ~)L1und to drop a somewhat higher proportion of mal-ks than In one wl1l're the marks arc grouped in higher amounts, Aller all, competilions arc something mar than a test of e/1icient kno\\'led~e of applied first aid, The\' demand knowledge of all the finer points in order t,) ~et -the maxilllum of 1l1arl~s. This, I think, is hardly appreciated by some competitors. The tagi ng and action of the Te l \\'ere excellent and 1 slll1uld h£1\' (' lefL nothing to be com'e.) ed to the tams' they showed Lheir appreciation of this by handling the cas~ \' r)' well. The artillcial fl' piratiol1 ,,'a don very well and I think there i a dellnite i111prO\'emcnt in the handling' of this branch of first (lid. .The treaLment of the Fracture and Ha:l1lorrhage ,,'as rout1l1e, but the fact that there \\'ere three ob\' ious injuries to be treated drew many of the team's attention away {rom the fact that there \nlS 1l1uch to be done in the \\,;{y of detail examination of the unconscious patient, and it \\~as in this departl11ent that 1110 t of the marks \\'ere lost. The standard of the work done \\'as high, and marks lost were rarely or ne\'er due to neglect of important \\'ork, but si1l1ply to forgetfulness of detail. A. C. \ \'IIITE K ox.

1. .\11 candidates showed good grounding in firsl aid, LIt. c.iel11ollstrated, too, thal there is such a thing as "C0111PCLltlO~l fever," which tests nol only knowledg-c of the subjecL but e~llclency in action, based on training and discipline. 'll\1ost team, as a result of understandable excitement, ost points through; . (A) Kceping the patient, "an elderly lady," who

The new police ambulance, purcha ed with 11ll1ne,- raised by the Pet\\'orth Ladies' Appeal C01l1miLlee, \\'a f~r1l1al'" handed oyer to 1\1r. A. S. William, Chief Constable of \\'e -L SU ex, by Lady Leconfie1d, President of the Committee on J uly 2nd . '

S t. John Ambulance Brigade Finals. L.\ST monlh \\ e published a full report and the result of the a bove compeliLions, ~ince then \\'C ha\'e been fm'oured with thec~l11111enbofCapl. . \\'. Hammer, 1.R . . S.,L.R. '.P., i\:110 Judg-ed the" De\\'ar )) team test, <lnJ Capt. ,\. C. \ \ 'hite \.110X, l.~" l\l.B., 'h,B., who judged the first aid section of the" Perroll)) team teslo These'are as follows ; -

FIR S T

The

Brigade

St.

fohn

Ambulance

DZSt7'lCt

No I. (Prince of Wales ') Distric t. The Xinth Annual Church Parade of the Central Area was held on June 25th, at the Church of t. Clement Danes, Strand by the kindness of the Rector, the Rev. \V. Pennington Bickford. As usual, the Ambulance and Jursing Divisions a embled in Lincoln's Inn Fields, where, before the parade marched off) Dr. Kenneth F. Lund) the Asst. Commissioner, tran ferred the Brigade Standard from o. 22 (Hospital Saturday Fund) Diyision to No. 30 (East London) Division, "\yhich will proyide the Colour Guard for the ensuing year. . The distinguished yisitors assembled at the church lfleluded the Secretary-General, Sir Percival Wilkinson) with Lady Wilkinson, Col. Woolrych Perowne, Hospitaller of The Order) Sir Gerald Wollaston, Garter Principal King of Arms, Genealogist of The Order, Col. G. A. ~loore, Deputy Chief Commissioner, Dr. . Corbet Fletcher, Asst. Surgeon-in-Chief) Lieut.-Col. F. A. Brook, :r.x.D., Commis ioner No. 1 District) Robinia) Viscountess 1l0untgarret, O.B.E., and seyeral members of the District Staff. The lessons were read by Col. Woolrych Perowne and Lieut.-Col. F. A. Brooks) and an impressive sermon was preached by the Right Rev. Dr. E. J. Palmer, Asst. Bishop of Gloucester, Sub-Prelate of The Order. After the service, the parade \Va inspected by Col. }'Ioore, who also addre sed the assembly and congratulated Central Area on the excellent turn-out. The whole parade then returned to Lincoln's Inn Fields, where it was dismissed by the Asst. Commissioner, who thanked all present for their attendance. The Annual Church Parade of the Eastern Area was held at St. Margaret's Church, Barking, on June 25th. The Ambulance Divisions, under District Officer Fitch, assembled at orth Street School and marched to the church headed by the Ilford Divisional Band under Bandmaster Doughty and the 12th London Regiment (Rangers) Band under Bandmaster }'1allard. The Nursing Divisions assembled at Church School under Lady District Officer Miss Curtis. Capt. G. W. Kendall) Asst. Commissioner, \vas accompanied into church by the i\layor of Barking, Col. A. E. Martin, and members of the Barking Corporation. The lessons were read by the Asst. Commissioner and the County Surgeon) Dr. Stuart. The sermon was given by the Vicar of Barking, Canon H. C. Robins) M.A. After the service the whole of the parade, numbering nearly 350, marched through the town to the park, the lIayor taking the salute outside the Town Hall. On reaching the park the parade was inspected by the Asst. Commissioner, who congratulated the Divisions on the smart turn-out. ENFIELD.- Three Enfield Divisions with contingents from other Divisions attended divine service at St. Andrew's Parish Church on Sunday morning. June 25th. The parade, in charge of Capt. A. C. White Knox, Asst. Commissioner, formed up in the Market Place and, headed by the Silver Band, paraded the town prior to the service.

July , 1933 .

A I D.

Reports.

Lessons during the service were read by Div. Supt. the Rev. W. F. Elmes, minister of the Armfield Road ConO'reO'ational Church. The Vicar of Enfield, the Rev. Daisley, delivered an inspiring sermon. Duringthe service the Brigade Hymn was sunO'.

G. W.

SOUTlIALL.-There "vas a large attendance of members and friends of the outhall Ambulance and Nursing Divisions together with member of the Hcston cction and Haye Diyi ion, at an interesting lecture giYcn by th<.: Officer Commanding' the Anti-Gas ection of thc R. .F. on \N cdnesday, J unc 28th) at the Public Libra ry, Southall. The subject taken by the lccturer was "Thc Protection of the Civilian Population AO'ainst Gas." A brief outline of the kinds of ga e u ed in warfare was gl\'cn and the action of such g-a es on the eyes, lung, kin, etc., explained. The 1c~turer demonstrated with many kind oi gas, made up in small quantities to enablc those pre cnt to detect the difference in the mell, and describcd thl first aid treatment with the antidote to the ga' tled. II,· was followed by a practical demon tration by the ergt.11ajor who accompanied the officer, on the gas mask and its uses. hort lantern lecture howincr the cffcct of Mustard Gas and a demonstration in ga -mask drill concluded the lecture. Mr. L. A. Harrison, presidcnt, pre idecl o\'cr thc gathering, and among tho e pre ent \\ Crt: Dr. TIro!)k, Di\,. urgeon, Dr. Cowgill, Dr. O'Brien. COlillcillor E. .1. Emerson and 1\1r. E. R. v\'illi , As t. Enginl:er, Gas Light and Coke Co., outhal!. Dr. Brook proposed a Yote of thanks to the lecturer for his most interesting and instructivc ll:cture, which was greatly appreciated by those pre cnt. Di\ . . l1pl. Taylor seconded the proposal. Thc lecturer . llilahl), replied.

FIRST

July, 1933.

Here representatives of the 01apter General were present in their robes, amongst them being Viscount Hereford (Knight of Justice), Major-General Sir P. S. Wilkinson (Knight of Grace and Secretary-General), Col. Sleeman (Knight of Grace), Bishop E. J. Palmer (Sub-Prelate and a Chaplain of the Order) and Colonel J. T. Woolrych Perowne (night of Justice and Registrar). With them were Lady Ethel Perrott (Dame of Grace), and Robina Viscountess Mountgarrett (Dame of Justice). The civic party included the Mayor of Gloucester (Mr. W. L. Edwards), the City High Sheriff (Mr. Charles Fox), Alderman S. J. Gillett, the Deputy Mayor (Mrs. W. L. Edwards) and members of the Gloucester Corporation, the Mayors of Hereford (Mr. Bernard Powell), Worcester (Mr. Arthur Bryan), Cheltenham (Capt. J. H. Trye) together with Deputy Mayors. Bishop Palmer prepared a special form of service and also preached the sermon. After the scrvice the parade was dismissed, the C\oucester Centre SJ.A.A. entertaining the principal

A I D.

pity upon the poor," specially written for the occasion by Mr. Richard Wassell, organist and master of choristers. In the course of his address Canon Guy Rogers commented upon the fact that wherever suffering was they were ready to go to its rescue, and did not distinguish between Jew and Christian, between a German and a Pole, or draw racial barriers. The parade marched back by way of the Council House, where the Lord Mayor (Councillor H. E. Goodby) took the salute. Later at tea at the Queen's Hotel the Lord Mayor, paying a tribute to the noble work performed by the Brigade, said the city was both proud and ~ratefu1 to the St. John organisation. STOURBRIDGE.-In connection with this year's flag day appeal by the Stourbridge Division) arrangements were made through the courtesy of the Manager of the Scala Theatre for the Centenary Film of the Order to be shown during the week of June 26th. On Tuesday, June 27th, about 50 men and 20 nurses of Stourbridge, Dudley,

No. II. District. Units from Gloucestershire, Worcestershire and lIl:rl:forshire paraded at Gloucester on Sunday, June 18th) for the annual inspection and church parade. The parade, numbering some 500 men and nurses, formed up at the Spa in four battalions for the inspection. 11ajor General Sir Percival S. Wilkinson, Director of the Ambulance Dept. of the Order, assisted by Col. James L. Sleeman) Chief Commissioner Brigade Overseas, inspected the Ambulance Divisions) whilst Lady Ethel Perrott, Lady Supt.-in-Chief, accompanied by District Officer Viscountess 110untgarret, inspected the nurse . Major A. Barrett Carden, M.C., was in charge of the parade) other officers present being Major R. E. Downer, Mr. F . F. Ie Sceuf Simpson, Capt. H. F. Powell, County Surgeon Dr. W. Hutton, County Officer H. J. Lewis, Div. Supt. T. W. Clarke and Div. Supt. R. 1. Gardner, all of whom were allotted special positions for the day. Lady Div. Supt. Miss D. Faber, of Cheltenham, was in charge of the nurses assisted by Lady Div. Supt. Miss E. Chambers, of Gloucester. The Colour party consisted of Amb. Officer Bennett and two N.C.O .s. Following the inspection and march past the parade, headed by the Brigade Staff) marched to the Cathedral.

Pllolo,RrajJl by Cou1-tesyJ

ommis ioner \V. G.

[ West Lanes. Even z'ng Gazette

mith inspecting members of the Blackpool Division at their headquarter. On the left is Assistant Commissioner l\lr. E. Ralphs.

officers and guest to tea while the Mayor of Gloucester entertained the civic p~rlY.

No. III. Oistr-ict.

Bll~MINGIIAM.-Despite the showery weather there was a big muster at the ann ual church parade on Sunday Jnne 25th) of the Birmingham County. About 400 men' C?resenting three corps, and 100 nurses assembled at 1rre~t 01arles Street, and, accompanied by the BriO'ade Jan and the band 'Of the Birmingham Corporation T~am ~vays I?epartm~nt) marched to the Parish Church) where m·sP~clal serVlce was conducted by the Rector of Bir109 am (Canon T. Guy Rogers). co Cap~. J. Henton White, County CommissioTier was in E mWap , and the less?ns were read by County Surgeon F~rd' T~seYhar;td Actmg Commissioner Colonel B. J. T. . e c Olr rendered the anthem, "Ye that hath

Brierley Hill and Kinver Divisions attended a performance in uniform, and were well rewarded, the film proving of exceptional interest and instruction, giving a striking impression of the events in the Centenary Week of 1931, and the world-wide organisation of the Brigade. At the Flag Dayan July 1st, the splendid total of £40 14s. 4d. was realised . Assistance and facilities were afforded by the local works and entertainment halls for collections to be made, and there was a good number of helpers.

No. IV. (Lancashire) District. LANCASHIRE WORKERS HONOURED.-Among the recent recipients of honours awarded for service by the Order are Alderman Major J. G. Paris, T.D., J.P., of Liverpool (Officer), Dr. G. B. Horrocks) M.B., M.R.eS., of Kirkham (Officer), and Mr. John Dutton, of Darwen (Serving Brother).

FlRST

1Iajor Pari ha worked indefatio-ably for both the .. \s sociation and Brigade in Liy rpool; Dr. Horrocks, who ha been Divisi'onal mO'eon to the Kirkham Diviion for the last 16 year, i al 0 Police Surgeon to the Lancashire County Con tabulary, Hon. urO'eon to the L.:'I. . Railway Co., and is lecturer and examiner to the S.j .A.A., while 1Ir. John Dutton ha been associated with thc L.:'I. . Railway Ambulance for 25 years. BL.\CKBUR T.-During their period of enforced leisurc due to the deprcs ed state of industry, many Blackburn mcn are turning their attention to subjects in which they would probably not othef\\'ise have had an interest. Since the beginning of the year! 'with the help of t he Education Authority, members of the unemployed group, which meets weekly at the Friends' I-.1eeting HOll e, have been a sicluously tuclying ambulance work, under Dr. V. T. Thieren, the :'I.O.H., ,;<"ith Sergt. J. W. Walm ley, of the Boro' Police, and Corp ero-t.-Major Baxendale, S.]. .B., a in tructor. It is pleasing to note that the clet obtained 100 per cent. pa ses in the recent examination. BLACKPOoL.-After inspecting the Blackpool Division, the Commi ioner, 111'. vV. G. Smith, O.B.E., said, .. I \Va greatly impressed by your parade this evening. 1 hope the Diyi ion will grow as its growth is demanded bv the increase in road accidents and in accidents in e~'cry walk of life. 'Ve must keep pace with modern demands. 'Vith the exception of one district which comprise eyeral counties we haye the largest Brigade in the country, and that record mu t be maintained." CnoRLEY.-A pleasant function took place at the Chorley Police Recreation Room, when Supt. Marshall pre ented awards in connection with the recent Ambulance examination. There was a 100 per cent. record of success, and the instructors, ex-Supt. S. Croasda1e, and Amb. Officer Homer, of the Chorley Division, were presented with timepieces on behalf of the members. The pre entation was followed by a social evening. COLNE.-After an active association with the Colne Corps for oyer 30 years }'1r. J. F. Tyson, who has left the town to reside in Heysham, was elected a vicePresident. Sympathetic reference has been made to the death of ex-Supt. Edwin Scott) who in 1925 was publicly presented with a wallet' and cheque \'" hich had been subscribed by Raihyay Ambulance workers and his fellow townsmen. DARWEx.-An Ambulance Competition confined to the Parliamentary Division of Darwen, and the County Borough of Blackburn, for the Sir Herbert Samuel Shield took place at Darwen. The winning team was Blackburn "A" team; second, Belgrave Mill, Darwen. Dr. 'vV oods, of Great Harwood] presented the prizes and the :'LO.H. of Darwen, Dr. Robertson, presided. HEYWOOD.-To conclude their Jubilee Week of celebrations, the Heywood Division, the oldest in Lacanshire, held a Gala and Sports Day on the Football Ground. The Cotton Queen of Great Britain, Miss Marjorie Knowles, attended to crown the Rose Queen of Heywood, 11iss Doris McMurtrie. The opening ceremony was performed by the Mayor of Bury, Councillor Mills. LYTII~L-After inspecting the Lytham Ambulance, X ursing and Cadet Divisions, Asst. Commissioner E. Ralphs, Knight of Grace, stated "Lancashire has the larg-est number of Ambulance and ursing Divisions of any of the counties of England. Lytham Division

AID .

July, 1933.

are quite small, but you are members of a great organisation. There are 60]000 members in Eng-land, which is divided into county area. Not only has Lancs. the largest number of Divisions but its efficiency i. equal to that of any other county in the country." IIe congratulated Lytham on the progress made during the year, and also on the fact that Mrs. Eastham, the Lady uperintendent, had been decorated as a Serving Sister of the Order. ST. JOlIN AMBULANCE U DAY. BL.\cKI'OOL.-Considerable intere t was aroused among the crowds of holiday makers 'when, preceded by the Blackpool Temperance Band, the Blackpool Ambulance, ursing and Cadet units, anel the Poulton-le-Fylde Aml)Ulance DiYiion, under the command of Supt. Wilson, marched through the streets to Divine Service at 't. John's hurch, which was conducted by the Rev. J. II. Barr, 1\I.A. LIVERPOOL.early 500 Brigade memhers attended a service, conducted by Archdeacon Howson, haplain of the Order, at St. Luke's Church. This was fo llowed by a march past, the salute being taken by 1Iajor General G. A. Weir, the Corps being led by tIle City Police Band. PRESTO, .-A Drum Head en'icc was arrang'ed by Corps upt. Millington at tydd hurch, Ribchester, erected in 1136 by the Knights IIospitaller, and attended by the Preston Corps, Blackburn orps, \Vhalky, Lancaster and Haslingclen Diyi ions. The Rector () f Rihchester, the Rev. S. iclehotham, conducted the sen·icl, which was attended by oyer 1,000 people, ancl the \'icar of Preston, Canon E. W. \Vallis preached thc sermOll. The collection was divided between the • t) cJd Chllrch Fund and the Ophthalmic IIospital of the Order.

No. VIII . (D uke of Connaught's) District. Over sixteen hundred members of the Amhl1lancc, Nursing and Cadet Diyisions of Kent took part in the Annual County Revicw and Church Parade held at Folkestone on J line 25th. The occasion was the first yisit to the Kcnt units of Major-General Sir John Duncan, K.C.U .. C.?lLG., the Chief Commissioner. Sir John was reccived by Commis i011er E. A. Richards, ,A sst. Commissioner 1Iajor TobIe, Lady Di trict Supt. Mrs. Falwasser, District Officer H. J. 'V rigglesworth, Lady District Officer riss nlay, Capl. 'V. J. Pontin and others including the 11ayor of Folkestone (Ald. J. W. Stainer). Outsidc the Central, tation the Chief Commissioner inspected a guard of honour from mcmbers of the Folkestone Ambulance ursing Divisions, and the boy and gi rl cadets of Folkestonc and Doyer. \Vith the chief officers and the Mayor, he visited the Royal Yictoria Hospital, where the party was receivcrl hy Sir Leslie. Probyn (chairman of the Governors), Miss Browne (thl matron) and Captain F. W. Reed (secretary superintel1 dent). An impr essive ceremony followed at the War Memorial, and at a lunch the 11ayor presided and amOl1 L. those present werc Sir Charles and Lady Tgglesden Colonel C. B. Palmer and Mrs. Palmcr, Mrs. Falwasser, Captain and Mrs. Chill, County Surgeon F. Cozens and Mrs. Cozens, County Surgeon A. M. B. Pollock and Mrs. Pollock. The Mayor submitted the toast of "The Order of St. John" and referred to the splendid assistance ren dered by the Brigade in the treatment of accidents and sickness. Responding, Sir John said that the work of th l Brigade was so vast that it really astounded him. Tha t year they had dealt with 460,000 cases, Commissione r Richards also replied,

] lily, t 933.

A I D.

FIRST

The Review of the units took place on the lawns of the Leas. . The parade then divided, half going to the Parish l hurch, where a service \~as conducted by the Vicar, (l !](l~ th: o~her half .to Cl:'r1st hurch) where the Rev. ( '. (r. Martlll was aSSIsted In the service by the R J A \l1c1c1 leton (CongregallOl1al miniskr at H.adnor P~~"k)" .

Blood Transfusion in Treatmen t of Shock. THE. term" shock" has been so loosely used and

appll~d to so many conditions that much misu~der st~nd1l1g has arisen.

No. IX. District. The Annual Inspe,t;on and Church Parade of thc ~,t. . !ohn .A~bt~IaJlce .and Nursing Divisions from all I,el,.,' lts (If 01 , n\\ . ,til.' Wh1Ch took place , (at L'IS k'caret gave ~ \C :) I.mpn:::.. 1\ C' Idea of the strength of the moYcment th lOUgholit the Dueh):- Some 360 officers men women 1nd cadets .' t"IOn 18 1)" . . assl:ll1lJlecl 111 thc Fair Pat"I'\. for'the 1l1spec 1,\,I~JOllS out of .a total o~ 19 being represented. ) 1 he parade, which \\ as dIrected by Supt W La (Rcc~ruth!, form.cd tip_in threc companies. . . nyon ~ [he JIlSP,cctlllg' (Jfhccr wa Lieut.-Col. W. Blackwood D. . 0., (l~ lalllbl)f1l(' (County CommIssioner) who ' ~r\.'·U1:1panl<..'~I. b~' . ,sista~lt~O,t1lll.Y Commi siol~er W. W~ I oh ll '>tllll , 1 lUI (), 1h. ]-, ~. fl)()O'ood T ic;kea d C t <..; _r' • 'r. T~ 1 ', ", ~ (r, oun y ',lIr ,..,COIl:.•1,1.. '.( gar I rn~lIl:on., Redrutll, latc County ((tIll and 1\Tr. J<_. 1-httalll . . llllssloller, (.. ( ' . Red'I II tl 1 lateD '15tr1~t JlfJcer. .~rrs. T · \\n end: of Truro (Lad, C t · )ffi ' -1') \"' s III C(I~lll11:lI1(.I 01. the • ~lII'sing- Diyj .)ions:oun " _ ( \ ' . \ ,l and.) f,; l,ldd un(k r . arlet .SlIllt .C ~rartl'll , of Ca \ . . . C; . ~, ,111 b orne , 1 ttl'~ 1l.1. {ll'ctIOll. ·n!. Blackwood called upon th~ ~I Lyo r f)~ LI . . k 'arc! (\1./( rlllan \\. F. YOlllW) to present 10J~g-- 'c n ' le:: medal...; to :lIPt. ,Yo Butlc.r} Cal~borne' AmbIa ncc nltll'l' r l~. Jaml'> ' -11l00"1l1' ' st I . - < , . erg·t . ('IUI1l1ll0W t,<:'P lCll-Ill-l;ranndl: Pte. C. Togg-htll. Call1horne' . 11 t' \ . \V. J fl'arn, Hodlllin: and Pte C. 'Urcll Falm;uth p . !\(~dl~c. slIlg' t.he parade, the Mayor ~velco111ed the ,~~a ll! atlO.n tl) LI.~kl'ard, and spoke. with appreciation of 1 c: ~plendlc1 s rVlc' they were rCllderin(~ to th _ 'll'tnlt y. ~ e com '1 he parade marched past the County Commi

ion

an: the :.rayor, who was accompanied by the Corporati~l~ : l~' P~'(lCC dec! to til(' Parish ~hltrch, ic heino-' su _ '!. leI lur the long' proce 'sion by Liskcard :ilnr a~lcl It lllU.

~ !lll}(.l CI~, b~tl1ds .. The s,cn'ice \\'as conducted by the vica; ) Ll:,keaJd (el11on 1'. Rupert ?\Iills) lh' 1 b . r 1<1 hy ~()1. Blackwood. ., e esson emg

;~ cr']l(~c~i(.)Jl \\"it...; for the County Benevolent Fund I he 1)1 \ ISlnlls a ftl'rW;t rds paraded out ide the Chu : h ttl pron l'<1 tn the puIJlic hall for tea. rc

Binding Copies of "F. A." your Copies of FIRST AID clean and tidyhI ·Ea reI~Pthem hound. 19 )Se nd your copie~ for the last Volume (July, bo - , ~o ] une, 19~0) and we will return same tl un ~ In an attractive case of leather cloth with f 1e tItle of. the publication in gold letters ~n the (ron6 and SIde and the eight pointed cross on front or s., post free. ' Volumes can b e supp l'Ie d at 9s. post Complete free. Binding Cases only,?_so 9d . post f ree. Orders should be sent to <J

DALE, REYNOLDS c"\(. 0_ CO 46 ., LTD., CANNON STREET, LONDON,

E.C.4.

\Vakely (Medzcal Press and

Czrcltl~~, Jan uary 27th, 1932) defines the term as

a conciitlOn of depression of the vital activities of the body associated wi th a marked arIel progressi ve fall of ?lood pressure resulting from injury. A sh?c~-llke state, or an aggravation of that already eXistIng may be produced from many causes amon~ o~h~rs bei ng severe hcemorrhage, sever~ or~~nlc Injury, burns, toxcemias of intestinal origIn, or from wounds, concussion of the central nervous system or thoracic viscera. I t is said that shock and hcemorrhage occu r s~ f:equent.ly simultaneously as to form a common cl I.n Ica.1 entIty., ~he ( shock-hcemorrhage com plex, " It IS .thl.s condItIon which is usually termed "shock" b~.t It IS not a simple condi~ion. Shock may be pflmary or s:con~ary! according to its immediate, or late, relatIOn In time to the causative lesion and the. former passes rapidly into the latter. ' . Pnmary shock occurs immediately after an aCCIdent or bodily lesion, and when the fall of blood pressure and collapse which follow may ?ften prove to be beneficial rather than harm fu I In that they are likely ~o limit h~morrbage. ' ~econdary shock IS the condition into which a patIent p~sses after sufficient time has elapsed for the p:lmary shock to disappear, or which developes Independently of it. This occurs in the later. stages of operations, especially abdomi nal, ~ranlal. or thoraCIC, or after serious injuries, the I~medlate general effects of which have been slIght. Of the measures which may be used to combat shock blood transfusion has proved of value in cases of. pure shock. Possible danaers in blood trans:uslOn are (1) ag~lu~ination, (2t'anaphylactic shock, and (31 transmISSIon of disease. To preven.t h~molysls or agglutination, the effect of the patient S blood upon that of the don:Jr should b s~udied immediately before each transfusion b e direct matching. The recipient's blood is frequent? cha.nged ?y transfusion so as to make it incom~ patlble With that of the former donor.

A nee~ of eig!ltcen JTI'otor cycle combinations has lately cen put 111 <;ervlce by the Touring Club of witzerland whoseI headquarters are in Geneva . TIle nla,I . ' , C l111es are to' patro the .JTI~1I1 roads of the country with the object of render1I1g first aid 111 cases of accidents.

" TH E PLUMBER 18.

« JOURNAL OF

HEATING"

monthly) is THE paper for all progressi ve t ra de: ..

men - PQbllshlD~ Office; ; ~ 6 ! Ga~~o tJ St~~t ~,C.t,

FIR S T

July, 1933.

A I D.

Przary for Wales. AillBULANCE CELEBRATlONS AT Cw iIlAl\I AN.

Saturday, the 17th June, was a memorable day in the history of the C,,'maman Di\'ision. The occasion was the annual in pection of the Cynon Valley Corps, which was held at Cwmaman, to mark the twenty-fifth anni\'ersary of the local Division. It ,,'as the largest parade yet seen in the Aberdal-e Valley, and the long procession, headed by the Cwmaman Sih'er Band, which made its way from Godreaman to the Glynhafod Recreation Ground, won the admiration of the local public. Corps Supt. Emrys James took charge of the parade, assisted by the Corps Officers and uperintendents of Divisions. The Inspecting Officer was the Commissioner for vVales (the Hon. Joh n H. Bruce), who congratulated the Corps on a record pa rade, \"hich, he said, was a striking

two members who enrolled in the Veteran U nit on its formation in 1908- Corps In pector of tore Daniel Jenkin . and Sergt. John Parker- were till acti\'. He \Va also glad to see on parade two new Units, the Deep Durrryn and Cwmcynon Division, which might in time hring the total trength of the Cynon Valley Corps to close on one thousand. The work of the early pion er of the CWl11aman Di\'ision, who formed the first ambulance class in the Valley in 1889, recalls a time when no organi ed fir t aid provi ... ion<; existed in the mines; and the late :\lr. \V. J. IIeppeJi, agent of the local collierie ,is aid to ha\'e introduced the fir l-aid ystem underground as a result of the comparatively largc number of qualified ambulance men available in the district. The Cwmaman Division i to be congratulated ('n it. fine record of achieyement ; and the high degree of efficiency it maintains is indicated by its repeated ucces es in ambulance competitions. The ambulance and nursing- teams at C'vmaman having won no Ie than elevcn trophies in 1932. CllUR II PARADE AT

[Western M at'~ Photo;;raph by Courtesy] Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O. B. E., speaking to Officers of the Merthyr Nursing Division, at the annual inspection. manifestation of the esteem in which the Cwmaman Division was held. He hoped the day would mark a milestone in its path of progress s ignalising the completion of a quarter of a century of useful service. He referred to the Cwmaman Division with its four Units of men, women, boys and girls and a \.vell-established and up-to-date Medical Comforts DepOt as typical of t.he ideal to be aimed at in all the industrial towns; and was particularly pleased to announce that

FIRST

July, 1933.

se lected as the place of inspection, and the proceedings aroused great interest, despite the inclemency of the weather. The principal o/licers on parade were Assistant CommissiOllcr W. H. Jones, Staff Officer A. Lucas, Corps Supt. D. Jones (Taff Valley Corps) and Corps Supt. S. J ones (Dowlais Corp,): and the attendance was the largest yet secured. Upon arrival at the Football Ground, the Units were in... pccted by the lIon. John H. Bruce and Lady (Herbert) Lewis, \...). B. E., Deputy Lady Supt.-in-Chiet for Wales who were accom pan ied by Lady Staff Officer liss M. Hann Councillor II: 1. Williams (1\1ayor of Merthyr), Mr. W. J: Canton, Starr Officer A. H. Coppage (Brecon), and Dr. A. 1\[, Robertson. .\ddressing the parade, the Commissioner said the presence of the 1\1ayor of l\lerthyr indicated the support accorded tl) the ambulance movement by the Borough. It was g-ratifying to note the Brigade was growing steadily in the~ Mer thyr entre as in the whole of vVales ; and he urged those present to ke p the high ideals of the Order always before them . Lady Lcwis said he was particularly pleased with t he nurse<; and cadets, and was glad to find a j ursino- Divisil' n now form d in Do'\ \'lais. h .:'11 r. C~nlon, _on behalf of the Centre, cordially thanked the II1<;pecllng o/llcers and the l\1ayor for their attendance.

A I D.

The awards were : -

Seniors. Cwmtillery Vivian Celynen 1 orth Marine (1) Griffin (4) Griffin (5) Rose Heyworth Cwmcarn Celynen (1) Marine (2) Waunlwyd (1) Beynon Waunlwyd (2) Celynen (3)

Practical. 78 77 16 37 H 13 17 23 14 6 5 13 2 2

Theory. 98 76 82

Total. 18 1 i 170k 114 113! 96

81i

94i

103~ 93~

77~

70i

94~

93 2'1

75~

89~

66} 64-

72i 69

Sit

64i

46 0

48 2

77 76 60

178 166 HO~

54i

131

Juniors. Cwmtillery Six Bells ... Cwm Waunlwyd

101 90 80t 76t

10SMOUTll.

Tribute was paid to the :\lonmouth Di\' i ion on unda~, June 1 th, by the Pontypool and District MpS who arrivcd in great numbers - t ravelling- by special train-for till' annual church parade. The Divi ion reprc 'en ted included Pont) pnol and Pontnewynydd men and Cadets, Pont) pool Roa d Railway, Griffithstown, Hafodyrynys, 'wmbran and C:-.k men alld nurses, Usk and i\lonmouth adet ; and the paradc, which was under the direction of upt. . II. ;\lusdlClmp <tnJ headed by the Pontypool J\lilitary Band, marched frol11 Trn~ Station to St. Mary' Pari h Church. The alut, \\'.1. taken in Agincourt Square by apt. L. Twiston Davie (High Sherriff of :'Ilonmouthshire and Vice-President l1f the ~Il)n mouth Division), who wa accompani d by .\,-;-.i ... tant C(II11missioner Capl. S. T. Beard, O. B. E., and :'Ilaior .\. RL'<ltk, D.S. 0., l\1. c., Pre ident of the Di\ i<;ion. i\ I'lrg-c congrL'gation a embled at the church wh ere an appropriate'sl'rmon was preached by the Vicar of Monmouth. Subsequently the parade was in specled on the PMts Ground, where Corporal E. O. Phelps was "resented with his Service Medal by Captain Twiston D'l\ 'ic ... , \\'ho COJlgratulated the Corps on the fine turn-out and sacrifices lhey were making in the cause of humanity. Addressing those present, Captain Beard complimented them on the initiation of the annual Church parade whi ch had become a helpful feature of the year's work of the Corps, and which, held in various centres and at different places of worship, helped them to reali e they were working \\'ilh onL' common aim and unifying purpose. He thanked the peopiL' of Monmouth for their support of the local Division, which was carrying on a wonderful work; and was plea ed to ha \t~ with them the High Sheriff of the County, who had identified himself so closely with ambulance activities. Major A. Reade, on behalf of the Monmouth Division , said they were delighted with the compliment the Corps had paid them in coming to 10nmouth; and he hopcd the parade would inspire the members, particularly the cadets who were present in such good numbers, to go fonvard in their endeavours. ANNUAL INSPECTION AT TREIlARRIS.

The annual inspection of the two Corps in the Borougll of Merthyr Centre was conducted by the Commissioner for Wales on Saturday, June 24th. It was the first occasion on which Treharris had been

The

ommi

PltotogrnjJ/t by Courtesy] [Western Mail ioner for vVale (the Hon. John H. Bruce) during his inspection of the Units in the Borough of Merthyr Tydfil Centre at Treharris.

I ' TER-COLLIERY COillPETITIONS AT EBB\\, VALE. _!he E~.bv., ~,.t1e teel, Iron. ~nd Coal Company's Ambubngade competltlOns were held at the Drill 1.(11., .-\bertdlery, on the 1st July, when the prizes were distrlb uled by ir John \V. Beynon, Bart., C. B. E. The chair~a n of the ambulance competitions was Sergt.-Major E ageLL, and the ecretar) Mr. J ohn Gibbs: Councillo~ J,lek Games organised the events, The judo-es in the fl11.bulance competitions were: Dr. C. G. 1\lcKa; (Pontllan ~~~th) and Dr. S . McCormac (Newport), assisted by Corps 1cer . logford and Supt. J . V. Barber. ;\h: test for the enior ambulance men was: , 1. ou are the first-aid man workino- in the steam coal ,., :~ea I m ) an d an Ilour ago your mate went to a recently ~~)andoned .stall to recover a pair of ra il s. H e has not rerned. Tune, 15 minutes." .

On J une 25th the Peterborough Corps S.].A. B. attended divine service at the Parish Church.

i,tI.1C,l! and I~.lr

. The Royston Carnival, to be held on August 12th, 1I1cludes the 3rd annual ambulance competition for the " R oyston Hospital" Shield. F O R .SALE :-Roller Bandges B.P.C. Quality (vV.O.W.), . 1 111. X 6 yards, 7/6 gross. Good Quality (W. O. '\IV.), 1 111. X 6 yards, 6/- gross. Other sizes in proportion. Also good quality Triangular Bandages at 4/- per dozen, samples Sd. e,:ch . Boric Lint (B.P.C.) 1 oz. packets, 2/- per dozen; H ospItal, 1/ 9 per dozen . Cotton Wool (B.P.C) 1 oz. packets, 1/ 10 per dozen; Hospital, 1/8 per dozen. All post free. Cash with order. -A epto Bandage Co., 46, Cannonstreet, Lon don, E.C.4.

FIR S T

July, 1933.

A I D.

London and North Eastt!rn.

Raz/way Ambulance News.

NORTH-EASTERN AREA.

Great Western.

of Thanks in 1S>20, and in 1921 hc was il1\'c,>tcd hy 11.ilI. the King as SCrYing Brother of the rdcr.

Follo\ying the reception accorded to the victo,riolls POlltypool Road team) winners of the Inter-raIlway challenge shield, at Paddington) therc has been a local celebration \\"hich was held at thc H anbury Hotel) Griffith to\\'n to do honour to the team, 1\Ir. H. Re es, the Pontypool Road station master) presided) a nd a largc Humber of congratulatory messages were read. " On returnino- to their homc station the members o~ the team were cnthu ia tieally welcomed by mem~ers 01 all department. Exploding detonators mingle.d with the cheer of the assembled company as the tram steamed into the station.

Among recent adllllSSlllllS to the Yenerahk Order of t. John of J ern a1cm in Englanel arc the l1nclCrIllCJ1tioned which have been made as thc result 01 rCC()1l1 menc\;tions submittcd bv the Great \ Vestc 1'11 Raih\ ay Central Ambulance C()I11~l1illee in rcspu:t of JI1t'J'ltori()l1s services to the ambulance movcment ()\ er a long" period of years:. ., ~ , Dr. P. lIcRi tchie, lIal\\"hll1l1ll\ I'()J'Lst blCh, " \\ allsea (lecturer to the LaJ1dor~ S~el1tral ~Iass). ~Ir. C. II. Bevan, hIPJ>Il1~ I'orem<ll1, ~\\ ,ll1Sca.

P,\DDIl'\GTO '.-The Town Hall, Paddington, was the scene of thc Annual Concert and presentation of awards organised by the London A. Ambulancc Division ?n .the cycnincr of lune 15th when 1\1r. J. F. Lean, Prl11Clpal As ista~1t to-the Gene~al :Manager and Chai rman of the G .\\".R. Cent ral Ambulance Committee presided, and was 'upported by 11r. R. P . Carpmael, Chief Enginec r) Ir. C. T. Cox, Div . upt., Paddington, Mrs. Lancelot Dent, Lady Supt. S.J.A.B. Overseas) Miss C. Ault, Centr e Secretary, and ::'lr. R. F . Borrough, DIV. Ambulance ecretary. " . :'\Irs. Lean presented the "Ernest Palmer ,Shl el~ and .. Frank Potter" Shield) advanced a~d begmners trophies, to the South Lambeth and .Pa?dmgton teams respectively, prizes to membe rs ~f wmr:I:1g teams, and gold efficiency medals and cars, m addItIOn to. a large number of examination awards. A presentatIOn was made to 1\11'. J. Scaplehorn, a member of the Division~l Ambulance Committee, from his fellow workers, on l11s retirement. i-.1r. Lean congratulated th~ London A. Di,;ision on their excellent record of recrults to the first aId movement and welcomed 1\1r. Cox, whose interest in ambulancd \\"ork was well known . An excellent concert proyidecl by members of the G .Vv.R. Social and Educational Cnion was much appreciated.

A..

~EWTO~ ABBoT.-The annual distribution of awards to members of the J ewton tAbbot class took place in thc Locomotin Mess Room on June 16th, when Mr. A. W. H. Chr istison (Locomotive and Carr iage Supt.) presided and made the presentations. Mr. W. H: L askey, \lass .sec.retary, congratulated the team ,on theIr suc~e?s m wm,l1lng the ,. 1\ ew ' Cup at the DIVISIOnal CompetltlOn at Bnstol, and the Chairman wished them success in future events.

NEWPORT DocKs.-Police Sergeant A. J. Green) of }; ewport Docks, has retired from the Great Western Railway service on May 13th, aftcr over 50 years' service, during the last twelve of which he has been Sergeant-in-chargc at ewpo rt Docks. Sergeant Green v,;as an active member of the Alexandra Docks team whIch \von the Inter-railway Ambulance Shield in 1905, 1910 and 1912. He holds the G.W.R. gold medal for 25 years' cfficient first aid service. The Grand Priory of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem awarded him the Vellum Vote

FIR s l'

July, 1933.

--_. _ .--

London, Mid land and Scottish. BL.\CKRo]).-The first $I)cial ill cOl1llcctioll \\ ith the Blackrod Ambulal1ce Class \\as hl'ld 1ll the 11;t \'!Iillll, Ridgway IIotel, Blackrod, when abuu' 30 1l1L'J1I!>crs an.1 friends attcnded. The social \\as prlsHlld ()\' L:r by till' Hon. President, Mr. II. Chad\\ick, after whiLh the awards gained at thc examinatioJ1 held III April \n.~ re presented by ~Ir. Taylor of Messrs. Cu()ke allt! ~l1ti:1II., Ltd.) Pap r Mills, Blackrod. 11r. Taylor rcfLl'r ed to tIll' team's stlcn' ill the recent District Competitiun 11l'Id at S ,llllhjlml. alld th e Cup which" as thell \\'011 by the teall1 \\;t::. pl'e::.t:Jltt:d tf) the Centre. l\Iusical items wcre renL1crul, thL'~e heill~ thor()lI~hl) enjoyed by all present. LEIGlI.-Thc Al1ll11al \\"orkshuJl C()I1l\ll,titiol1 ior th e .. Harrison" Shield unuer tl1<.: allspice::. 0 f the J ohl1 Ambulance Bri gade, Lcig-h Di\'isioll, was held jJl i\la). Second place was taken hy lIindley C;rcl' l1 L.:.\f.S.; I jllrwich R.1\1.I. l\lachinc • hop and ~alf()rd 'ity PolicL tied for third place. On a sportlllg snggestiol1 by the lJurwich Captain, the two Captains agrcul toulJll1it the!l1 selves to a further te ·t by Dr. Beckitt. The result ga\c third place to the alford Police. As a tribute to the attitucIL adopted hy the Ilorwich \ Vorks team the Competition COI1ll11ittee du:ided to award prizes to H(;rwich similar to those awarded to the :alford City Police.

:t.

RUGBY.-Rugby L.':-LS . . t A" team carricd ofI th e Challenge Cup gwen by the Rugby ~Iedical 'ociety, for annual competition in the district. The cuntcst wa..; judged by Dr. Aspinall, of Birmingham. l'or scveral years Rugby L.M.S . had becn runners up for this troph), but nevcr before had this team won it. Now they ha n: won the doub lc, the Ru gby Mcdical Society Cup and th L " Gittens" Shield, which was capturcd on Saturday, Jun e 3rd. The successful L.M.S. team) by thc narrow margin of one point, comprised l\Iessrs. II. Clarke (Captain), S Beard, T. Healey and B. Lee. They receivcd 51 points , Woodford Halse were second with 50, and Rugby Police third with 49. The Cup and Medals were presented to the victors by Mrs. J. N. Wheeler.

During- the past month the District Councils havc been holding- their annual l11<.:cli ngs, and Capt. Gcn. Jackson, Gene ral • ccretary, has presented gold medals and hars as 1011ows::\Ilddlcsbrough District at Redcar to Messrs. J. Bullock and \"1. Lawson 20 year bars and Mr. H. A. Ll:e a 30 year bar, j)arlill~!'l()n District at Kirkby Stephen, 20 ) car bars to ':-Icssrs. M. Ea'>ton and A. Crumbie. ~e\Vcast1e District at Durham, 20 year bar to 1\Ir. A. \Vright, 'w ho i also to be inn:slc:d with Insio'nia of . erving- Brother of the Order of St. ] ohn in London on J ul) 21st. Leeds Dlslrict at Harrogate, 20 } car bar to 1\lr. J. \V. Grant, 2S year bars to :'\lcssrs. \V. Lister. Hinchcliffe and J. \V. Angood and 30 year bar to 1\1r. \ Y. I\Iortirner. lIull District at Hull) 20 year bar to Sergeant J. TOW5C and 30 year bar to l\lr. \V. Lc GrO\ c, who was al 0 pre cnted \\ ith the Diploma ()f the Serving Brothcr oi thc Order of St. John. York Di trict at Aysgarth (;()Id .:\redal to 1\1r. \ V. Rc} nf)lds and 20 year bar to 11 r. -,. E. TickelpellI1),.

The l\Iidd1l-sIJruugh class held tht:ir clnllual o uting to Kl1aresbrollg-h 011 July 9th, when nearly 60 members and their wi\'Cs attended. Lunch was taken at the Bridge Hotel after w111ch the Iccturer, Dr. JIcbbletlmaite, preSided and congratulated the class 011 its uccessful scsSlon, and Capt. Geo. Jack on prcseJlted thL awards ~ail1ecl at the )'cc n' examination and \\ j.;;hcd them further ~uccc~s ill their del"!;' and competition, ,lfler which the party enjnyed the oUlUties of the district.

-------.--.-----

A l D.

------- ment. This mistake is particularly lilH:ly to occur when a doctor does not see the patien t till the fit is over. He has then to be guided by what the relations or a first aid worker tell hi m, un less he has such a tell-tale sign as a bitten tongue to go by. Epileptics sometimes bite their tongucs, the hysterical girl never. EPILEPSY.

There may be a warning of the fit, the patient feeling or behaving in a pecul ia r \\ ay. Soon afte rwards he falls accidentall y, perhaps with a cry, and loses consciousness. This may occur anywhere and at any time. IIis legs and arms ale moved irregularly. He may gnash his teeth, bite his tongue and roam at the mouth. Rolling of the eyeballs and con tortions of the face may also occur. He is quite uncon sc ious and his breathing is slow and heavy. On e fit may be quickly followed by another or there may be hours and even days between the fits. TREAT:'IIENT OF EPILEP Y.

The general treatment neccssary for any unconscious patient is given . The patient's head is supported and a pencil or other bit of wood is placed between his jaws so as to pre\'ent him biting his tongue. It is unwise to move the patient while he is sti ll unconscious or to struggle with him. But the mo vements of his limbs should be gently restrained so that he does not hurt himself. Due precautions should be taken to prevent his clothing catching fire. ,Vhen the fit has passed he should be covered over and allowed to sleep it off. HYSTERIA .

Common Mistakes in First Aid: EPILEPSY

IIYST E RIA ?

O,\,LY two or three gen rations ago, tbe hysterical fit was fashionable and common. Those were days when, ror lack of in vigorating open-ai r life, girls often foulld vent [or their pent-up emot ions in an hysterical fit. Nowadays, pent-up emotions are safely discharged through a hockey stick or a tennis racket. But occasionally, and in spite of its unfashionableness, the hysterical fit sti ll overtakes a young person, usually a girl, and unless the Erst aid worker is on hi s g uard, he may be bluffed into diagnosing epilepsy o r some other serious com plain t. Docs such a mistake matter much? It may, ~ery rn uch. The treatment of hysteria and epilepsy IS not identical. \\That matters even more than unappropriate treatment is labellin g as epi leptic a young g irl who is merely h yste rical. Such a label may stick to her for life and irrevocably spoil her cha nces of happy marriage or congenial employ-

The cause of an hysterical attack is often mental excitement. It m-ay begin like an epileptic fit, but the patient never completely loses consciousness. The limbs are thro""n abou t in a purposeless man ner, but there is never a dangero us fall. The patient subsides on the floor or on a couch in a natural position and in sllch a ,,"ay as not to hurt herself. There may be foaming at the mouth, cryi ng , scream i ng or pu rposelcss laughter. Gnashing of the teeth and clenching of the fists may also occur. TREATMENT OF HYSTERIA.

The fit being under the patient's control to a certain extent, much can be done by spea kin g firmly to her. The threat of a bucket of cold water is often enough in itself to cure a fit. If this fails, splashing with a little cold water may bring the patient to reason. Her fit, howe,rer hysterical it may be , probably has a backcrround of ill-health or other trouble which it behoves a doctor to investigate. Nowadays hysterical fits are so unpopular that a girl is not likely to indulge in them without some provocat ion. It may de-

FIRST

pend on psychic or physical causes, or a combination of the two, and they are unwise parents who ignore this response to them.

Reviews. HABIT

FOR

SAFETY.

By Henry \V. Gentl s and George H. I3elts.

J ul y , 1933.

A I D.

useful prefac , which is addressed To the Teacher," and sets forth hints to the various methods of exciting the inte l"cst of the young in af ty matters, su 11 as the dramatisation of accidents, lhe preparation of safety-posters and the writing of e says on fir t aid and safety topics. In conclusion, our first impression was that the book excel! nl as it i - would rrovo to be beyond the averagc choolboyor choolg-irl; but aftenvards we rcmembered the enthu iasm with which the senior course of first aid i taken up in our Eng-Ii h schooL, and we felt that lln"/'s {or aj('(V will appeal to the youth of ,\merica, if only because it elllploys methods of teaching which will re ult in the acquisilion of de irable habits. «

Indianapolis, U. S.A. : Bobbs i\Ierrill Co. In America, as with us, many agencie and organisations are working for the promotion of Safety (or, a we say, Safety-First), some through education and other through the reduction of the dangers of machinery by protective dedces, because in all countries the mortality and disability tables show bow great a price in human lives and disabilities is being paid in this age in which machinery occupies such an important place in industry and in locomotion. As part of the American programme, a start has already been made in safety education in the schools; and with this movement we have the fullest sympathy, because knowledge gained and habits formed during school days continue to exert their influence in after years. It ,,'ould, hO"'ever, appear that so far no suitable textbook has been a\'ailable for youthful students; and so Hab£ts for Safety has been written to supply this want, as far as this is possible in one small 22+ paged volume, and more particularly to inculcate habits of obsen'ation and discrimination, whereby there may be reduced to a minimum the « human element" which so often leads to accident and injury. To this end, the book deals primarily with accidt!nt prevention and first aid treatment, setting forth its instructions and warnings in the form of interesting lessons, 'w hich can be taught consecuti"ely or sporadically. The first three Chapters are de"oted to definitions and explanations, the next nine to the various phases of life and \,'ork in which preventable accidents occur, and the last seven to first aid treatment. Incidentally we suggest that the titles of the second group of Chapters could with ad\'ant~ge be altered, to stress the objects of the textbook, by mak1l1g a slogan of " Safety "-thus: "Safety in the Home" (Chap, IV), " Safety in the School" (Chap. V.), "Safety in the Streets" (Chap. VI.), "Safety in Recreations" (Chap. VII), and so on, Well printed on excellent paper, the book is profusely illustrated with photographs and posters, which serve to impress the memory and to test the powers of observation. It is thoroughly practical; and each lesson ends with a series of questions (otherwise "checks") as a means of revision, while each is supported by vivid details of several emergencies which have either been reported in the press or baye occurred within the personal experience of the authors. In every instance the lale is told; and the student is left to draw his (or her) conclusions as to whether the action taken was good or bad. In this connection, it is noteworthy that one, at least, of the authors is a prominent medical authority on the American Red Cross, and that, knowing the scope of first aid, he realises better than a layman or non-ambulance surgeon how Safety-First can accomplish its objects. On the front cover is a Schoolboy Patrol, equipped with his white Sam Browne belt and his official A.A.A. badge on left breast; and in the book we learn that more than one thousand towns and cities in the United States have Schoolboy Patrols to help young children across the streets at corners where there are no traffic officers. Tbere is also a

~actical 3loints. The Editor invites Note; on actual Cases-with special reference lO good and bad points in Treatment-for inclusion in this Column EFFICIENT FIRST ~\lD.

Prompt action by the police in arpl)il1t..:" .u-tificial respiration and administering oxyt..:"en "as ucces...,ful in re\'iying- a 1S-year-old boy who had been injured in an accident at the Stoke-on-Trenl bath. The boy was a i ting a plumber to repair a tank at the top of the baths premise " 'hen h fell icto a di..,u,>ed and empty tank 14 feet deep. IIe wa unconsciou,> \\ Il\.'n reco\'ered from the tank; and hi.., br('athin~ had bel'n arrested. The rolice admini tered oxygen and appliul artificial respiration; and, aft r e\'en minulL's, hreathing recomnlenced, but the boy remained unconscious, On inquiry at the il;firmary later it was stated that the the boy "va « fairly comfortable," The oi1icers wl1l1 administered the oxygen and applied artillcial resriratinl1 respiration were P, C.' Pattinson and I3lae khursL - 1', c., Stoke-on-Trent. S.O, , FOR "\IR . \:\1 BliL.\NCI-: . Les than ix hours from tht! ..,ending of a UlH tllr's urgent summons yesterday for Scotland's Ilrst air amhulance; a periou Iy sick man was !lawn se\ent\ mill's all ~l snatched from the shadow of death on a G la s go~\' operati ng table. The man was John McDermid, a fisherman, il~('d thirty-three, of Islay. He \\'as suffering from perforation of the stomach. Peritonitis threatened, and an operatil1n \\ as essential. Every hour of delay inereas d the dangcr. Th doctor could not attend to the case alone and wired for the air ambulance at 9.15, the message being recei\'ed hy the St. Andrew's Ambulance Assoriation, Glasgow, twenty minutes later. A twin-engined Dragon 10th airplane, equipped as an am bulance, left Renfrew half an hour after the S. O. S. had been received. Forty-five l11illUI cs later the airplane landed on the beach at Bridgenc1, I lay, where the doctor had driven his patient eight miles by car and where a nurse was waiting. Forty minutes later the 'plane landed al Renfrew along-side an ambulance wagon, which left four minutes later for Western Infirmary, Glasgow, where the intricate operation was a complete success.-D.E., Islay, Scotland.

The "DECORATORS' & PAINTERS' MAGAZINE '

8d. monthly) Is THE trade paper for all Interested. Publishing Office: 46, Canilon Street, E.C. .. .

FIR S T

July, 1933.

Lectures in Elementary Anatomy.* By A DOCTOR. TIlE

RFACE

MARKING

OF TIlE THORAX.

Tr[li Jugular Notch is at the level of the lower border of the body of second thoracic vertebra. The ternal angle at the level of the fi brc.eartilage between the fourth and fifth vioracie vetebrcc. Szn/ace lz"1Zes .- The most important vertical lines are the lidsternal or middle line. The ~I.ammary line descends vertically from a point Illldway between the cen tre of the jugular notch and tlte ti p of the acrolll ion . The lateral ternal line along the sternal ll1argi n. The Pasternal midway b tween the latter and the mam mary line. Th anterior and posterior Axillary lines are drawil verticall\' from the orresponding axillary fold~. The :\1 ill-axillary line ru ns downwards from the ap\.:x of the axilla. The ~ 'aplllar line i drawn vertically throllo-h the inferior angle of the s apula. b znjace Jlar/n·Il,![\' for the Llllzcrs.-On the right side the anterior bord r runs d;wn from the a pe,' which i~ situated at the level of the neck of the first rib to the middle line at the level of the second rib; from thi it pas es directly downwards t L) the level of the ixth ostal cartilage. It then turns abruptly to the right, the lower border meets the rig-ht parasternal line at level of the upper horder or th sixth rib, the mammary line at the level of th sixth rib, the axillary at the c;eventh and eighth ribs, the scapula line at the tenth rib, the side of the vertebral column at th tenth interc tal space. The outline of the luno-s b can best be remem bered by the num bers 6 6 8 10, 10. ' , ,

T/ze Left Lung.-From the apex to the fourth costal cartilage the anterior border is the same as the right: ~ere .it bends suddenly outwards, r.eaches SIxth fL b a little external to the parasternal lIne. From this onwards it corresponds with the right. Tlte Heart.- The apex beat of the heart can he felt at a point in the fifth interspace 9 cms. to the left of the middle line; the lower border ext~nds from this to 7th right sterno-costal articulatlon: the right border extends from this to the 3rd right costal cartilage 1 cm. from the right 1('. Reprinted by courlf>sy of thl. bislz l\'ursz"?lg lIospzlal TVodtl.

and

A I D.

lateral sternal line . The base or upper border of the heart is indicated by a line drawn from the latter to the lower border of the 2nd left costal cartilage about 2 cms. from the left lateral sternal line . An Ideal Healthy C/zest is bilaterally symmetrical, its outline is smooth, it has no deep hollows, and shows only a slight if any hollow above the clavicles. It is eliptical in cross section broader from side to side than from back to front. An abnormal shaped chest usually indicates disease or a tendence to it. Some of the varieties a~e : the alar or flat chest, the rickety chest, the pIdgeon chest, the chest with Harrison's sulcus b::trrel-shaped chest and the hollo\V or retratcted chest. The Al£mentary System.- The abdominal cavity contains the following organs: the Oesophagus (lower portion), the Stomach, the Intestines (large and small), the Liver, the Pancreas, the pleen, the Kidneys, the Bladder. The lower end of the oesophagus passes through the diaphragm and opens into the stomach at the Cardiac Orifice; the stomach lies at the upper and left side of the abdomen, beneath the diaphragm. It is a pear-shaped membranous and muscular organ . The lower end of th~ stomach communicates with the small intestine by an opening which is called the Pylorus. The upper surface of the stomach is called the Lesser Curvature' the lower, the Greater Curvature. ' .The Small Intestine is about twenty feet long, and IS surrounded by folds of Peritoneum, called :\Iessenteries, \,'hich are attached to the posterior walls of the abdomen. The Duodenum (meaning twelve) is the name given to the first ten inches of the small intestine, which is about twelve finger breadths in length. The J ej unum is the name given to the upper two-fifths of the remainder. The Ileum is the lower three-fifths of the small intestine. The Cc.eum is the commencement of the larae intestine, and is situated on the right side of the abdomen. The Appendix, which is a long narrow worklike tube is attached to the cc.ecum. The larae in~estine is about six ket in length, and is divided Into the Ccecum, Colon and Rectum. Th.e Colon is divided into three parts: the Asce?dlng, Transverse and Descending Colon respectIvely. These are arranged like the three SIdes of a sq uare. . T~e ascending colon passes upwards on the right SIde of the abdomen until it reaches the level of the stomach, then it turns to the left, passes under the stomach, then turns downwards and ends in the Rectum .

F l ;R S T

The Liver consists of two lobes, the right and the left. The former is larger than the latter. The upper surface of the liver is convex and fits clo Iy under the c ncave surface of the di.aphrag.m. The 1iYer prepares a su bstance called bIle, whIch plays an important part in digestion, helping to dicre t fats. The hile is stored in the gall -bladder. wl~ich is situted on the under surf8..ce of the liver and i connected with the duodenum by means of the bile duct. The Pancreas or sweetbread lies behind the stomach and stretches from the duodenum to the spleen. It is about seven inches 10nO' and one and a hal finches broad. It prepares another digesti ve juice ,,-hich enters the duodenum by the pancreatic duct. The pancreatic juice consists in the con version of starch into sugar (when a person suffers from diabetis it is due to disease of the pancreas) . The Spleen weighs about six ounces and. is situated near the cardiac end of the stomach, Its function is to assist in the production of some of the constituents of the blood. The Kidners are situated at the back of the abdomen, one 0;1 each side of the vertabral column, l)n a level with the upper lumbar vertebrae. These are excretory organs; they eliminate po isonous substances frum the blood, which are conveyed to the bladder by two tu bes called the ureters. The Bladder is situated in the pelvis and contains the urine, "'hich is discharged at intervals th rough the urethra. The Peritoneum is a double membrane forming a closed sac, it surrounds and supports most of the abdominal organs. It resembles the pleura and pericarc1 i u m. The outer layer lines the in ner surface of the abdomen and the other layer ~u rrounds, or partly surrou nds, the abdom i-nal organs, forming their outer covering.

Thc fifth annual ambulance compe[ition for the "c. \Vright" ~Iel11('1[ial Cup ,,-ill he held at Clowne, near Chesterficld, on Aug-ust 19th.

July, 1933 .

A 10.

July, 1933.

General Rule s for the Treatment of Poisoning. IN

VEHSE.

Scnd for- a doctor and write full explanation. If breathing is not discerned, forcc patient's rl".. pirntion. Prescr\'e all matter \'o mited, he sure you don't for3. get it. ,\nd'if the patient's mouth is not hurnt then ~-i\'(:, 4. him an t'metic. Corrosi,'c 11l)isons burn the mouth. Sl) ) OLl l11u..;1 neutralisc ny gi\'ing weakcr acids or weaker alkalies. \\'he n alkali or acid, thc difference YllU do !lot knn\\' The best thing to do is give him draughs of IT lorrasi'l't's, too, need olive oil or harle) water pl;un 5. (n) alnd oil or gruel, <11<;0 help to rclie\'c the pail!. ,\nd if the throat i<; s\\'ollen and StllpS him g-l'llin~' air, . IIot poultices or Ilanncls you'll ha,e tll pLlt 111111 thcre. Then get some harley ,,'atcr or \\'mer. from tl~l' LIp ,\nd frequent sips of one of thesl' \\,111 helll'llt the chap. For irritants-emetic III st, and then gi\'e ca"tnr (lil (11) Or oli\'e oil ic:, u. cful, the poison for to foil, Or barley drinks, in'itcnd of oil-effcct is just the same. These follow an cmetic nnd should relil'\'t' tIll' pain. (c) 1 1 arcotics <;olllctil1les make thc patil'nt want to go sleep, So slap him well and make him Yl'II, fnr w:tkl'ful Ill' mu. t keep. . Give him strong hllll·k Ct,ITel' anti frl'l'l~ il-t him drink, And until he i~ recl)\'cred don't let him slt-l'P a wink. 2 D elirium come'> "'OI11L.'time ... \\'IlL'n nan'()t ics an' prl'ceded. In cases of delirium, an emeti(" s promptly nVl'dl'd. .) Con\'ulsi0ns is another ~tatl', nanotic poi~nns (';ll/Sl', Emetic- respiration these are thl: pro(ll'r la\\'~. 6. Raw eggs with milk nnd \\'ilter, you gi\"c in l'\ery case, Or cream with !lour or tea that's strong, are IW\'Lr out of placl'. 7. ,\nd here's the <;c\'cnth item, I hope) ou'rl' taking stock, .\lways do remember to treat collapse nnd "hlKk. IL\IWLD jACJ,;,>O".

1. 2.

COBRA COlLED ROCND NECK.

The Lancing Division S.J ..\. B. hnve bought the motor ambulancc formerly used by the Pet worth Police Divi<;ion. The Bilsthorpe I\mbulance Challenge up and Individual Competitions will be held on Saturday, :\ugust 19th. The recent collection in Reading of funds for the I~cal Sl. John Ambulancc Di\'isions, realised the sum of over ,£,95. The annual Eg-g- "Veek in Market Harborough and District, organised by the local Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, resulted in the collection of 7,500 egg. and £20 in cash, which was handed to the Royal 1nIlrmary.

AID.

Our Nurses' Pages. COMPIL E D

~1r.

R. Lyons, a resident of Northern Rhodesia, waS strolling in his garden when a cobra fell from a tree on to his shoulder and coiled itself four times around his neck. It came to rest gripping him tightly, with hood extended, hissing furiously, and obyiously all out for trouble. ~1r. Lyons could just see the reptile's head out of the corner of his cyes, and fortunatelv he retained his nervc. Raising his hand gently, he gripped the cobra around the neck and thcn struggled to unwind the coils which werc gripping his neck eycr more fiercely, the scales cutting into the skin. To increase Me Lyons's troubles, his native servant, attracted by t1le noise, appeared with shotgun and took aim at the snake, oblivious of the fact that to fire would mean blo\ving his mastcr's head off. Fortunately, 1r. Lyons remembered the gun was not loaded and was able to renew his strugg-le with the snake, and finally succeeded in disentangling lind killing- it. J/()1'IlZ1~t; Post.

FlRST

AMBULANCE

"T\\'fss" 130\\' 1. COl\/f'r<:TfTfON. On Saturday, June 2hh, II\'C te;IIllS from 1 ursing [)i\isions of the S.J.A.B. competed for the" T\, iss" Bowl at SI. larr's-street Drill Hall, Southampton. Thc) represented BournellloLlth, ~le~rick, SouthhourlH" Calmorc lnd Southampton. Judging the tcsts wcre [)r. C];l) rc (team test), Dr. Cllggin (indi\ idual oral), Dr. Pit ken (individual practical), Dr, Fisher and ;\1 iss J cnkinc; Pf atron of the Ro) al South IIants and Slluthampton r fospital), (unifllrms). Lad) S\\:I) thling, "icc-PrL'sident of the outhampton :\ursing Di\ ision, was a b:enly intcrcslL'd spectator of the v:tm test. "\fter the cC1mpctition, ,\Iderman \\T. nag. ha\\', J.P., '\lll k the chail" and intnlduced Lad) S\\'a) thling. Ilc mcntio ncd thc staunch Sllppnl"t amhulance workl'rs were always ..;u re of ohtaining fnll1l her, nntl said 11(' \\:ts certain that all pIl'sent would wish to congratulate hl'r ladyship on her reet'nt prlll110t il)(1 in thl' \"encrahlL (JrdL'r (If tht, I10spital of '-.1. Jnhn of Jerusalem. TIll' Il''iults \\'cre <lnnounccd as flllll)\\'s ; 1, ,outhall1ptl' n, :-)2 points; 2, Bourm'/llouth, (0; J, .\lvrrilk, Ie). - nd(lrl~ prl";L'n( ing the howl ;lnd trophies, Lad) Swathling- nln;..:-r:ttulalL'd till' Southampton ,\mhulance Di\'ision upo n gaining se("(lnd place in tile" Dl war" Shield Com pc'itil1ll, and till' Sllutl1;lmpll1 n :\lIrsing' Di\ision upon their IIt'Cl'SS that afternoon. ~ht said tilat in the work of the Brigadc generally, all10 llgh lhe past YC;lI' had hl'l'n full llf dilliculties, there had hll' n Ihl fallint:- (In' in interest. Thl' l,)tal numher of certillcall'S isslIed h\' till '-,t. j(lhn .\mhulanct .\ssnciation since its inccrti lln was" 2,200,159. TIll' Chid Commissioner of the I3ri!.!'auc notcd the e\l.'r increasing Sl'r\ icc being rendered to the- puhlic hy the.: !'it'lf-s<ll'rilicing "'M];: of the mcmbers. Dr. Fisher prC1(1(l!'il'd, and l.:uh' ,\mbulance OfTicer i\Iiss EH rett ~cc(lndL'd, it ill'artY \otc t,f thanks to Lad\' S,\athling'. .\ilkrman Bag~ha;\' l'''pressed the thanks - of all to the memlwrs llf the nll:dical profl>, sion who had assisted that aftLrnoon. :\nwng those present wcre ~[rs. G. E. T\\'iss, \\'ho was n sponsibk for lhe aniulgl'/l1cnls for the compl'lition, Lndy ~l11bulance Onlcer \1 iss E\'L'rctt (Calmore), Lady Di\'isional Supl. :\lrs. ~Iu~tard, and Lad" ,\rnhulancc Onlcer l\lrs. J. T. Rohh, J.P . The" T" is, " Bowl was presented in 1909 by the late C~I~)n.cl ~wiss for competition among- tenms from Nursing DI\'IS10ns In Hampshire and the Isle l,f \\'ighl. It wa, won hy Southampton ursing' Di,ision some) ears ago. CAN\'EY ISLA '11 ECTION, .J .. \. B.-This Section of the S.outhend Nursing Di"ision of the Brigadc ga\'c a concert in al:l of its funds in the Bohemia Hall on Junc.19th. .\n ad111Irable programme, consisting purely of local talent, was arr;:lIlgcd, and among the many who appreciated it were Lady District upl. 1\liss Rideout and Lady District Officcr [iss CurtIS. .During thc evening it was announced by 1\1r. Venables, Chalrtnan of the local Association, that Councillor Chambers ha? very kindly presented six plots of land on which to b.urld a Sl. John Ambulance Brigade headquarters of goodly SIze. This land, which is in the centre of thc island, is near the M~nicipal Buildings, and within easy access of nil parts of the Islnnd.

SISTER.

Thc ~enerosily of this gentlC'man is greatly apprecialed, as, with a growing population which in the sUlllmer reaches from 30,000 to 50,000 inhabitants, the member of the Brig-ade there are badly in need of suitable accommodation for work and instruction, DARLINGTON V.A.D. INSPECTION.-The annual \, .. \.1). Insrection of thc S.J . .-\.B. l\'ursing Division and V.I\.D. at Darlington took place at Divisional headquarters on \\'ednesday, June 14th. l\1ajor \tV. Russell, 1\1. c., R./\. ~r. c., carried out the inspection on behalf of the War Office, and he was accompanied by F. P. \tVilson, Esg., J.P., the COL!nty Commissioner of the S . J.A,B., l\1r. F. Laine, County Controller, and ]\[rs. J. R. Ritson, of Durham, Assistant Count\- Control ler. The parade, consisting of ambulance sister. and nursing cadets, was drawn up under the Commandant, 0:urse .-\. Gardner. After a display of drill, the members proceeded to give demonstrations of practical work. An application of the Thomas splint in record time, and in a most eillcient manner, was highly commended. Addres ing the member, the County Commi ioner congratulated them on the smartness of their appearancc and the excellencc of their \\'ork, and \yas \-en' much interested in the Tursing Cadet Di\'ision just forrned~

'\ .A. D. INSPECTION AT DE\·ONPORT. - The Royal Sailors' Rest, Devonport, resembled a hospital ward on the e"ening of June 14th, \-vhen the annual V.A.D. inspection of the Plymouth St. John Detachments ,,'as held. There were present members from De,"on V.A.D. 100 (Plymouth Co-operative) in the charge of Section Leader l\liss Phillips; Devon V.A.D. 112 (Ford), Commandant Irs. Carder; Devon V . A.D. 114 (Friary and De\'onport), Assistant Commandant l\1rs. B. D. Lawrence; De\'on V.A. D 116 ( herwell), Commandant 1\1rs. Hastings; De\-on V.A.D. 124 (Plymouth Central), Commandant Mrs. Amery; stretchel" bearers, under Supt. F. Da\'ies of the De\'onpo"rt Divi ion . The inspecting officers ,..-ere ~lajor A. C. Heale, ;\fajor R. A. ransel and l\lajor G. F . F . Simons. There \\'cre also present 1\1 r. Hedley Miller and Mrs. ]. Balsdon (Assistant County Controllers), Corps Supt. \\'. Petl1\yick and Corps Officer C. Ball. After the inspection, Major Heale said the standard of work that evening had been of a very good a\'erage, and congratulated them all on their enthusiasm and keenes. They were particularly good, he said, in fir t aid and bandaging, and in the accident side of their ,,·ork. Sometimes it was far more important to kno\y ,,-hal not to do than knowing what to do. Thanking the inspecting officers, l\1r. liller said that the i nstruction had been given to the members that e\'l~nin(r in such a kindly and sympatbic way that he was certai~ a ll had benefitted by it. He congratu lated Mrs . Balsdon on the honour conferred on her by H i l ajesty the King in appointing her an Officer of the O rder of St. John. . He also said that, in "iew of the increa e in the personnel a nd the amo u nt of work in the county, a new senior Ass istant Count)' Controller of V.A. D. in DC\'O ll, hi re had been appointcd. The Ne\v oOker was Coloncl Ellis,

FIRST

urg-eon-in-Chief of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. i\Iember hip in the county had now reached 2,000, whilc they had 23 ambulance under their control. The work, the~cfore, W<1 too gr at for the pre cnt staff. PECTIO:\' .\T PORTS;UOl'TH.-The annual insiJection of the St. John Voluntary Aid Detachments from Portsmouth, Southsea and Go port took place at the Connaught Drill Hall, Portsmouth, on Tuesday evening, 20th Jun. Lady Perrott, R.R.C., Lady Supt.-in-Chi f of the Brigade, also took the opportunity of inspecting the I ursing Di"isions on this occasion. Irs. Fulljames, M. B. E., Lady Corps Supt. and Lady Corp Commandant, wa in cOHllnand of the parade, and members were present from the following Divisions under their respective officers :Portsmouth Nursing Di"ision, Lady upt. Iiss Job; Portsea Nursing Di\'ision, Miss Birch; Southsea Nursing

AID.

July, 1933.

the Portsmouth Ambulance Division) had recci\'ed numcrous and varied injuries, including many fractured bonc. This demonstration, as well a the tn:almcnt of sick people sulTe ring trom nlrious di scase , was performed by the Portsmouth Corp (Hants. V , A.D. 66) uncler the following ol/icers : J\lrs. Fulljamcs (Commandant), l\[iss Reading (Quartermaster), Mi s Job (Detachment Ol/icer), Dr. 01i"c B. Sharp, l.B., B . . (l\ledicaIOllicer), and l\lr . Jo lin (CorpsOfllcer). The members of this detachment were assisted b) the Go. port and Ah'erstoke Detachment (Hants. V. r\. D. is), und r Commandant i\lrs. \ Varren. Following the inspection, in remarking upon the general el/icienc)' shown by the members, General Sir Richard Lure, the County Controller, mentioned that the organisation was at present suffering- under a some\yhat com plicall:d ron truction, but he hoped that next year they \vould be in pee ted as three separate units, in tead of one as at pre enL This \' iew was upported by lajor Kid~ton , \"ho also endor ed the General' remarks as regards the hoped-for

July, 1933.

FIR S T

from members of the Brigade Overseas, to learn of their work and their diOlcu lties, some simi lar to ours and some to~a!lr dirferent. In England, there are so md.l~y Nursing DIVISions that members are almost in touch with one anotiwr, and n o one has to go very far in order to take a duty; bUl in a larg counlry, as Australia tor instance longer di lances have often to be covered before the dut;, po t is reached. r\ letter recei\ed recently from South Austr11ia mentions s ummer dut.ies taken by a . urc:,ing Division on four large beaches dunn~ the wee I, ends and on exc-ur ion days, and cas ually mentions th~t th~ averag~ distance from the city to these all1bu lanCl' statIOn IS from eight to ten miles - quite a good journey. Last En ter there happened to be a shocking yachting tragedy at Glenelg, when fi\e rerson were drowned. There \\'ere omc Brig-a~le mcmbers on duty at the lime, and they rendered \\ hat a I tance the) could, and evident I, impressed the powers that be with their line \\'ork. The Council then appealed for mOlley, and variolls fu nctions \\'er~' arnu.lg-ed in orJer to raise the necessary fu nds to rrC"l\ Ide a life boat and a ca ' ualty station. The\' \\ l' re uccessful in this effort, and \\ hen the lalter \\'as COIll'rle ~e, it was handl'd o\er to the carl' of the 0,'ursing- Di\'ision ta long- dUI) there, and t \\ 0 doctllrs clo e by consented to atte nd should the nen.. "sit) ari ... e. ' The rnol11 has Iwen furnished \\'ith girts from friends and whoksale hlll1sl's in the neighbourholld, and is \ ery well (,qui pped . .\I1lClng. other things there is a bed, t\\'o L'abinLls, lh~' sma lll'r ?f which can be forfllL'd intva tahle, and contalllS c\'crythlllg a dllCl0r is likel) 10 rl'quirL' should he Iw ('<oi led ~o a "lSI.'. J t can be \\'hl'l' ll'd to an) rart of thl' room. I he re I ' alsll it I,lrgl' cupboard, a toilet cahinet, a screen and ,' hair... , an dldric ,k~,ttlc, ancJ! ill fan, all th l' cljuiplllC.'nt necessary fllr till' l·llllient carr) Illg out of first aid. 'a.., ualt\ Rl)l)1l1 ihelf is filted with t\\O doors, one op~lll ng nn to Ihe l''''p l.ul,l de, and thl' olhl'r \ n to the ramr gOing down to the IK';tch. J t has tWl) window,> on one side ,lnd OIlL' on the oth.'r, all fitted ,,·il h 11:- -prl)l)f "' creens. ' Altogether, till' station is lll1l' l,t \\ hich the :\ursin (Y l>i\'is ion is iuslly pnlucJ. and dol'S not COI1l~ behind th~ eas iul' first aid !>tatillllS to \1(' fllulld in tilL' ~lld counln.

The

Itt:ms (lJlIlslonal ne~ s and com peliu u ll<, SOCial, I nteresti ng duti es, lectures, e~c . ), (or this page shoold be sent to Ambulance S ~Ie r. c/o The Edl1or, FIRST Am, 46, Cannon S,., London, KC ' .4.

[ West Lanes. Evening Gazette Photograph by Courtesy] Openi'1g group at the Thornton Cleveleys Nursing Division's Sale of \\10rk. From left, Miss D, Irvine (Divisional Secretary), Lady Ambulance Officer l\liss B . Anderton, Dr. A. H. Peniston, irs. Elletson, Mrs. R. J. Davies-Colley (President of Bazaar), Dr. R. A. D. \Vylie, Lady Supt. Miss M, Parkinson, Miss 1. Lingard (Divisional Treasurer). Division, Miss Reading; 10rth End ursing Division, Mrs, Stanley; Gosport and Alverstoke ursing Division, Mrs. Warren; Anglesey Tursing Division, Gosport, Mrs. orster; Portsmouth ' ursing Cadet Division, Miss Travers; orth End ursing Cadet Division, Miss Stanley; and Anglesey Nursing Cadet Division, Gosport, 1iss King. Lady Perrott carried out her inspection first. She was accompanied by the Hon. Mrs. Whitaker (Lady County Officer), ~lajor General Sir Richard Luce, K. C. M. G., C. B. (County Controller), and Lieut.-Colonel H. G. Norman White (Assistant County Controller). Li eut.-Colonel W. E. Pittard, F. R. S. A., County Commissioner for Hampshire was also present. The Inspecting OfEcer on behalf of the War Office was Major Wallace Kidston, R.A.M.C. (T.). After inspecting the parade, Major Kidston watched the detachments at 'work on the results of an imaginary charabanc crash, in which the injured persons (young members of

increase in the number of mobile V.A.D.'s, and urged the need for more specialists. He said that he had been quile satisfied with his inspection, and would have no hesitation in giving a kindly report to the War Office. Lady Perrott afterwards addressed the Tursing- Divisions present, emphasising her pleasure at the growth in the size ot the Cadet Divisions in the city, She abo spoke enthusiastically of county gatherings, one of which it was hoped to arrange for Hampshire at Winchester. The Lady Supt.-in-Chief mentioned the Brigade camps \vhich were being held this year at Herne Bay and Southport. At the close of her address, Lady Perrott introduced the newly-appointed Lady County Offlcer, the lIon. Mrs, Whitaker, who then spoke a few words to the members who were coming under her charge. BRIGADE OVERSEAS.-It is alwaY5 int eresting- to hear

Tan nic Acid Treatment for Burns. !~ECENT treatment of burns and scalds at t. homas's IIospital, Londun, ha been directed to\\ ~rds i nc:easing the coagulati ng POWCI- of tan n ic a,cld solutions and tbe prevention of possible infe _ t lon from outside sources. The latter result has ?een achieved by the add i tion of mercuric chloride In a concentration of 1 in 2,000. A compress of 2 per. cent. tannic acid with 1 in 2,000 mercuric ch lonJe makes a most efficient first-aid dressin g for a ll burns and scald, but in the home and other places where burns occur but rarely, tablets or powder,. to be dissolved in warm water and applied by: soakrng clean linen in the resultino' solution wdl be f I b oune more advantacTeous than keepina a, lar g e ' b b f quantity of stock 2 per cent. solution. The ormulce for the tablets and powder are as follows:

A I D.

19 POWDER.

Tann ic acid ............... 17 ~ grallls Mercuric chloride......... ~ gral n To be dissol ved in 2 oz. of warm water when a 2 per cent. solution will result. TABLETS.

Tan n ic acid ............... 17 ~ grains Mercuric chloride.... .... ~ grain Boric acid (excipient) ... . 1 grain To be dissolved in 2 oz. of warm water when a 2 per cent. solution will result. ' The question of the rate of deterioration of tannic acid solutions was also investigated. It was found that after five years a 2 per cent. solution of tannic ~cid .contained no more than 8·45 per cent. of gal I IC aCid as a resu I t of hydrolysis, and 73 per cent: un~lt~red gal,lo-tannin, and the percentage of galliC aCId III solutlOns of earlier date was considerably less. -Tize Lancet.

Deaths by Poison in 193 1 OF even more than their usual interest are the Registrar-General's statistics of the Su icicles and Accidental Deaths from Poisoning. Till latelv no great variations were recorded; but the figure~ for the last official year show a remarkable c!ecrease in the whole of the fatalities from both causes. For the Accidental Poisonings to have fallen ~rom 13+in IY30t086in 1931 maybeduetotbe Increased p:ecautions taken by the unqualified seller o[ pOisons, for the public are no more carerul over thei r keeping. Thus Iysol and carbol ic are sti ll responsible for most Accidental Deaths ' and, but for veronal and aspirin follo\\'inO' c1osel)" , b every, one of the known lethal d rugs fum ished the remalllder of the cases in units up to five. As for the Suicides, the decrease of 41 on the 715 examples of 1930 if not so strikin a as that of the accidents, might suggest that th~ economic depression has not added to the motives for self?estructi?n.. However .that mar be, I)'sol retains Its astonlshll1g populaflty with no less than 28+ cases, and while there " 'ere 70 fewer than in 1930 their t?tal is not even approached by those old favountes of the suicide (from their handiness in w~rkshops, etc.) potassium cyanide and oxalic aCI~ ; and we marvel at the determination of the delI berate swallowers of am mon ia solution and h'ydroc~loric acid! Curiously enough, the suicld~s With hydrocyan ic ac id keep a (;onstan t level of ~ust under 30 per annum . Altogether the most s3.t,sfact~r)' revelation of the Registra-General is that ACCidental Poison ing is now lower than ever before.-lIled1.cal TVorld.

FIRST

~ueries

and j\nswet's eot't'espondents.

~ueries will be dealt with under the following rules:I. _ Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID,

4 6 , Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4· 2.- All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" CUl from the current issue 01 the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue. 3.- The TeKtbook, to \\hich refelence may be made in \Lis colurr.n is the 38th tI928) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.

TREAT:\IENT OF FRACTURElJ SPINE.

C. G. ( \Y akellcld). - Contrary to the Texlbook leaching in the case of Fractured Spine, I am informed ot a new method of treatment, \'iz., to keep the patient in a prolle position instead of Hat on his back. I questioned this and was informed that it was being favoured amongst the medical profe sion. I would be glad of your opinion on this new method of treatment, as this, Lo m)' mind, would encourage a kind of I r Frog marching" to some first aiders. During the past four years some surgeons ha\'e strongly ad\'ocated the removal of patients suffering frol11 Fractured Spine in a prone position, the reason gi\'en being that in this position fractured \'erlebrce may to a certain extent be reduced and pressure on spinal column avoided. Our Textbook Revision COl11milltec, howcver, haye so far refused to recognise such a complete reyersal of the tillnow accepted method of treatment of Fractured Spine. This decision is, in my opinion, wise, because a Textbook and especially one \\"fitten for a\'erage first aiders should not teac h radical changes in treatment until such have been fully established by further experience. CORBET FLETCHER. EXAl\JI ' ATION HOWLER. D.S. (East London). - At a recent examination the doctor asked a member ot our class " ' hy he would apply a bandage to the head. He almo~t exploded with laughter when the candidate replied: I r 70 keep the

patient's brains in position. " Good!

ext, please! !-N. C. F.

CACSATIO ' OF VARlCOSE VEJI\S.

K.l'Il. (Tyne Dock). - During a di~cussion with a friend on the causation of Varicose Veins, my friend, of course, stuck to the teaching of the Textbook (p. 114) and maintained that the veins become dilatcd and that the yalves can no longer spare them. On the other hand, I say that if the valves do their work, there would be no backward now to dilate the veins. My friend replied that the valves have nothing to do with the condition; that the projections come in the walls of thc veins; and that the val yes then lose their power of action . Your decision on this point will be much appreciated. Varicose Veins (van'x, a dilated \'pin) are veins that have become stretched and dilated. Employments that necessitate long continued standing with little vigorous muscular exertion, not only throw a great strain on the veins

july, 1935.

A I D.

of the leg' but also fail to provide the pump-like action that mu ' c ular contraction excrts in emptying the veins. The blood stream cons qucntly b~coll1es slower; and blood tends to collect behind the \'al~'e whi ch is thro\\'n out of action. The result is that the \\' 'ight of the co lumn of blood in the limb presses down with ever-increasing force and the walls of the \'ein yields until the vein becomes \'arico~c-that is, dilated, kllotted and twistcd. - N.C.F .

CSES

FIRST

July, 1933.

that these abo were the result of faith, unless iL be L11cll the mere exclusion of air g-avc benefit in each instance. . You arc free to make all)' usc YOLl may think fit of lhls letter. Thanks for your Jcller. an)' eXI')crimel1ls

011

Perhaps it wa~! Ne\\..'rthdes:" alld required treatment. N. C. F.

accepted answer to the L\ue~tion.

N. C. F.

LI~FT LI~w ]NJL'I{II' S.

J.1\1. (Liverpool}. - ,h a ub~criber to FIRST .\In, I read \\ ith much intere t the nUl11crou ' qucries ':lent tl) }l)U <lnd ) our \'alued alld practical replies. 1 hope, Illn\ c\ er, you \\·ill not lake it ami~~ if 1 c;111 in question the om appearing in the Jun e issue, in \\'hiLh )llU ~tatl', undel the abo\'c headins', that the poi 011 a..,sociated with \\'asp-sting is alkaline whereas it i~ <lL' id \\ ith a b L' Sling. Some fe\\' years ag-o a letter appeared in either tI ll' Lancet or the /Jrihs/' .lIed/uri .Ivl/rnal fllll11 it doLlu r Slating that it \\'a incorr<:ct to belic\c thll hL)th \\',lSP and bee~ stings \\ l:re ncid, and that ill f,\et one was aLi d and the other alkaline. ,\s I \\ a anxillu", to \...110\\ whil'll was which, I ~Larled to make Sl)I11C ill\L'stig,uiolls, an d had thc queslion senlto a \Tr} e'-IWriencl'd entomolog ist. His reply was to the ei1ect that the natun: of ti ll poison is the salllc ill bolh bee ... Hnd \\ asps; that it i contained not in one gland but in t\H" onc of which i acid (formic) and. the LIther alkalinp ; that the rcacti lH is slightly acid but quite insulncienL to account for t ilL great pain and swelling usually produced; and tii . t there would seelll to be SOl1le other proteill poisL1n t..> account for the same, thc nature of which \\ ,\S 1I 1lkno\.\'n. Whilst instituting enquiries Irol11 the cntomologi ., , 1 also made an experiment lll)'seif. GeLLing 7 or 8 Ii c wa ps, I succeeded in causing thcm to ting litll1 \l:; papers, with thc result that no change in coiL) Ir appeared upon the pink paper, and a slight ~hadc )( pink was visiblp from each stil1f{ 011 thc blue pap r. This would appear to support the statemcnt of the entomologist. It would seem to me thaL if an analytical chen ',t and an entomologist co-operated they shou ld be ablL to discover the nature of this unkn own poison with gr' .It advantage to futurc first aid trcatment. Person[l Iy, though during Illy boyhood I have becn stung- by \\'a " jl~ scores of times, 1 have ne\'cr found any remcdy do ,I n) good. Seeing that the stin~ acts much like a hypod \? rmic needle, and that remedial applications Clre exter nal, this does not surprise mc. I would sugge tthat thc bUlefit spoken of from the juice of onions might be on e of taith only, and fear that 1 had not the rcquired fa it h. On the other hand, J have had good r cports of the use of alkaline applications to wasp stings; but I expect

IDE

:\lO\'E;\IEgr OF HE,\l).

C.:'I1. (Ilackncy). - ,\t a rccent class a discussion arose as to wlll!tlwr tlIe turning- vf the head from side-lo-side \\'a~ allowed by the atlas and axis in conjunction with each other or by the muscles of the neck. Further in turning the head, do the other cen'ical \'crtebrae lurn also? ' ' id.e-to-side 1ll0\'el11cnts of the head are carried out by tlIe neck muscles throug-h tbe axis alone, and nodding 1ll00·el1lent.s through thc atlas. The main function of th'e other cerVical verlebrac is to support the hcad.-~.C.F.

[ C;\1lnt)l, and I thill\.:: that you have got hold of th ' \\ rong L'nd of thL' stick. :-\. C. F.

TH.E.u :'IIE1\]' OF S1\OW BU1\'Ot>:ESS.

the back \\'a~ burned

nt>:c POISOI\,

SIDE-TO-

A.S .. ([)O\L'~court~. 111 tile treatllll!llt of c~'ses of accidcnt or ~lIl~es ... 111 willch the limhs are a IrL'Cled , fL)r what rea~l)t] IS It. u,>ually ITgan.led Lhat the left lilllhs should bc conslc.lered 111l1.re s'riou,>ly thall thL' right limbs? I ha\e hC:\I-d thiS stated hy ,>c\'eral doctors; and, as [ hl)lIld like ll) ba\ l' '>OI11C c'\planation, I trust thal )Oll can oblig-e.

\\ 'ith rder~nce ~o your interesting reply to the query of above headl\1g 111 the J une i~sue of FIRST .\ID, I ~ugg~~t that your reply i~ a bit dangerous to the la)~mal1 ,~s It .s~ands, and that it ",ere beLLer to have wnttell medicinal" paraffIn.

C. E. (Torquay). I [l '.\ltH ' r~s llF FIH'if .\ID.

\\'.\SP-

I callnot explain what i~ inexplicable. The action was as you surmise, totally unjustifiable, lhoug-h the fact thatth~ wound blec.l was a hinl to those doing- artilici,tl respiraLion to perSe\·c.l-e, and, a~ l~lC rl:sulL showed, evidenc~ that life was not extlJ1ct. ~. C.I'.

V nlike vou I havl' never done

\\'Clsp-still~S, I ., ''1Il'd r' g-av~ tll' usually

OF FIRST ,\w.

T.e. (1ynemoutll). - Recently a g-irl, morc or Ic~s c lad in a backless bathing- co~tume, \\'l:nt to tlw l. Jl1llll .\mbu lance Brigade Station on the sands at TyncnlOulh and asked one of the men on duty to CO\'cr l1-r back with olive oil. As the back was ba~ll\' sunburnt, the member on duty decided Lo do as he ~\'as requcsted ; but he could not rc ist the remark that the ambulance station wa a busy Erst-aid post ar,d not a beauty parlour. Surely the request was the rr coole t" thing at Tyncmouth on that day!

A I D.

T. n . ( DL1\L·r). Rl'n: ntly I \\as called tll ::'l'l' a hL~\ who was st ' ltl'~ to h.l\l hUrtlL'c.I his 1l1l1uth with SPI11L' I;ot tea. I \~'; b Intl' n::'L'ly ; 11I!lI~L· d whL'Il, ill Il'~Pl)IlS\.' to 111\ ill::.trutl l,llll tt) rut llut hi::' ,tLln~Ul' , thL' hoy replied: ".\-'0/ /i'll'I),.f I ~'t' 1"','1l Ifal/I.·ed/(}r dO/I/.1.,,· //ia/.'.' " -

Lan.~~aw~ changl.!~ \\'ith changing' circumstallces ; and ~l~ l.!lcctnclt~ I:' to-day. the cOlllmon form of lighting,

I doubt It the .pre. ent generation \\'ould think of rr para/Tin oil" when paml1ln IS nalllL'~1. In any case the context of 111)' anS\\'er relllO\ es an) pO:'~lbk danger L)f ll1i~LllldcrSlandil1<T because I wrote "pan~!lill (}r uther soothiJlg- appllcati(}n. C. F.

,,'-:N.

FI{.\L 1l'ln. (l[ CI. \\' ICLI, \\'ITII l."Jl ' ln· I'U . \wrEf~\,. ( ,.l' ' 1: 1i , [\,1). I'k,~:-.l.' tl' ll IIIL' IJU\\ it lir:-.[ aider slwuld deal :l C\~1I.1pll\' ated 1<l'ill·turL' nf Cla\' idL', thL' fral' turl.' Iwill" III Illld-:haft alld the COlllplicatiLlIl l1l'ing' a ~e\Lrcd u lxl,\\lall ,\IlL'I\. ' . T.hi'i qLlL'sti(~ll wa ... put 11\' a kllll\\' :.tud.ellt \\ h ;\11 illj u!'Y I'L'!'>uiting [(,,)Ill a 11l0tll!' ~Ilt III \\ hll' h I hL' patlL'llt was thrown throu"'h thc \\' llldsl rL'(,I1. h

~1~ual.I'iL'd . ~~lc\J

aL'ci~

C: karl :. tl.1L' ~ l1i·('l.'l' t (ir'it aid ILl!' this 11W'>t ulllikL'h lOll1. I Y llglla I" I ple"sure to the -arten' .b lIl.lt J I1l111 01. IIlILlII ' . l'S .I'>. t L) ,\1'(1 ,111 wid It ullltl nlL'lill'al aid i~ L)btainL'd. ~.c. F. -

D. E. . (Crid::k\\l)lld) '" . '

\\ ~? ~lI. ,>t;tln a COlllp~)und FI-acturc of the Femur Jose thL'lr !t\c,> l)r lose theil' leg.

I:, thi~ l' llrrect, please:

,,' I tle 5tatL'I11L'~1l which 'l~ \' II kllow no I' l.(" l 50n t \) uI~pute Ll U ,-no\\', \\' <15 made b ' y an expcnellccc.l surgcon. . C. 'F.<

Tl{,\Nl;E .\cno1\' I ' DIW\\'1\'1 ' l; C\SE.

F. G. (Re"L'llts \ b o~ ' \\'as plIlkd out of the Re"'cnts , ,hI I ' P 'u-I') C and t le other ch)' , . l':> t\rtillcial 1'" • _, • ' , ul1~on~cltl.us and not brL'atilillt:·. tinue I lSpl1 dtll:n was Immediately started and COllCd fO.r SOllle tlmc without success. Then a lllan pus IIe hi wa)' thr htTl II d . till it bl' I OU 1 1C uO\:' and bIt til(' boy' leg eCd' Those who \\' re dOing arti(icial respiration IJers scio evcre <'1 n d'In d ue Course restored thc boy to call Lhe ubsn~sl' Please tell me \\'hat was the idea of bitil1~ oy s ego l':> '.

The EdiLor invites Readels to s~nd n7ws~aper cuttings on matter of general interest for tncluslOn In this column.

P.\SSE:-.'l.ER'S FIRST ,\w. \\ 'hen a man was cru~hed bet \\'een a 'bus and a carl at J er~ey, he \\ as 5a \'cd by the fir~t aid kno\\'ledge of a fello\\'pas~enger: The lalter maintained prc~~ure' on a se\'ered iel11?ral \'e,lI1 for. half an houl- until a doctor could be obtained. . \ eU'S CllruJlIcle.

[n ,~LL 'l 1-' " 'lIt I-L'pLlr t 0 f a COI1JJ1L'I1~atlon .

L( ~' e it :'llr~l'OI1 madl' the stdtl'II1l.'nt that hHlf the people

j\mbulance J'{ews euttings from the 3lress.

•

RE;\L\RKABLl-; C.\SE OF SUFFOC.\T10:-:. " .\ Stepllc),police-constablc \\'ho \\ as disco\'ered dead in b\'the . POIJhr .hi::> , ,'1bed was found ,, ' corOller to Ila\'e b een dLCle. entaIl), sulJocated 111 a \'cry remarkable way. , The c.onstable, Herbert \" eeldy, was on dul\' at the Hendon air pageant, and as he was tired h~ \\'en-t to bed s~on .af~ er he re~ched home. ,\ little later his \\-ife found hl111 sIttIng up WIth a loop of the electric li'rht cord ",h' 'I hung oyer thc bed under the front of his necl~~ Ie 1 ~r. Parr), said death was due to sulTocation f -~ "' urO'lt - t I t . I' I . I e::, ~ ,\ ec ma cna In tle WIndpipe. Hc tho\l"'ht rOIll \\ ' +1' 11~.USt hcl\'e r~gurgitatcd, al1d then his head had f<dlc(~~~: \\ ard through the loop of the Hex, causing suffocatiol1 The coroncr told the jury that \\Teddy was pt:rfecth' h~pp)' at home, and if he h.ad \\'anted to coml11it suicide h~ \\ o.u ~dd hm'e suspended the light cord from somewhere else S UICI e often look a i!ood deal of lrouble a d tl . . ffi'" , n liS \"as a. most me clent 'way to commit suicide . -E've7'I'JZO • 0 ~ \ T, e7.tlS.

FIRST

Jul y , 1933

AID

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

Red Cross iVews. E EX / S9 EA T I--Lu1.-For the last two years the Ea t Ham Detachment of the B.R.C.S. has been rendering eryice on the large open space knovm as , Vanstead Flats and during that period oyer 150 cases haye been treated. Previously the work has been carried on fir t in a bell tent and later in a O"arage hired for the purpose. The need for a permanent post had become clamant, and by kind penni ion of the Epping Forest Commissioners arrangement were made to erect a Road Aid Post. The new post consists of a large hut haying two rooms-one for dealing \yith cases and containing lockers. a stretcher bed and appliances and the other containing appliances for preparing dre sing . etc. The erection of the Post was carried out by members of the Detachment a isted by a few friends~ Recently the Post was officially opened. A dedication seryice wa held in 1Ianor Park l.Iethodist Church conducted bv the Commandant and Di\'isional Chaplain, the Re\,. P. ·D. Beckwith. After the

The presentation of certificates to the students completing the International Courses in Public Health ursinO" and ursinO" Administration, held at Bedford College fo~ "Vomen (U~iyersity of London) in conjunction with the Colleo'e of I ur in o' took place at Bedford College on June 23rd at 3.30 p.m~' ir Arthur Star~l~y, Chairman of the Exccutive ommittee of the British Rcd Cross Society and of the Council of the College o[ ursing, occupied the chair and addressed the students on behalf of the Board of Governors of the League of Red Cro s Societies. The certificates were presented by Dr. Alice G. :;\Ia ar\'km'a, Pre iclent of the Czecho loyak Red Cros Society. Amono' the peakers were Si r George Buchanan, enior ~Iedical Officer at the Briti h Iinistry of Health: ~Iiss G. E. ~I. Jebb, Principal of Bedford College, and

Regulation-Right! Quality-Right! Price-Right All Uniforms cut to Customer's own measurements

NURSES

COATS,

SPECIALITY.

Send P. C. jor Price List and Selj-lIIeasurement I"orms.

& CO.,

THORNTON

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &0.,

By ft. CORBEl PLEtCHER ••• B.. B.C" H,l,(Cutab) .•. R,C.! AIDa

TELEI'lfONIt:

st., BRIGHOUSE, YORKS.

BRlr.1I0{JSE 29::> .

AIDa

Third Edition . Uemo'~D"lag

HOME-NURaINQ. Price u. :lid. post tree.

Slmpllflod aad tabalated, wttll AIds to .omary.

, Tic I, boolt wo .. d,r(NIl, limjJli/I,s a comfJ/,x s"bi,,( a .. d lllo,,/d b, ",ad h all l/tldt1Ctl. "-L. /I: N .W Rv. GAZBTTE.

1[FFIOIENOY

FIRaT-AID.

Post free, II. 3d .

Problem. la It lid,. lreatmeat aad Elamlnatln lolnti lor Seillor Itadollt-8 ., Wi/hotll dotlbt llu bOOR will b, 01 ~".,a/ u",ie, i,. tM tr",i"'''r 0/ tlroll fo, wlrom It j~ a.,it1C.a. "-BRITISH MEDICAL J OORNAl.,

COMMON

ERROR8 II.

FIR8'1-AID.

net: post ~cI.

Brrors la flrst·Ald Detailed aad Bxplalaed. , 7M, !look gi"u «cl,/I",,. i1Csirlrt i,.to tlu ""thods a ..a aiffic,.Uiu OJ ,m"r,,.e) t"at".'IIt 0" I/lY""" tha" flu official T,xfboOR itul(. "-LANCET.

COMPETITION

TE8TS

(Stretcher, Individual and Question-Six Folders). Price 6d. each net, post, I ~d Ea<:h Folder contains special article on C ompetitions :-No. 1, Training of Com. petition Teams; No.2 , Conduct of Team in Competition Room; NO.3, Com mon Errors In Competition; NO.4, Further Errors in Treatment; NO.5, History of Competiti on Tests; No.6, Preparation of Tests.

WHY

AND

WHEREFORE:

FIRaT-AID.

Price II . ,d .. po~r free .

Fifth Edition.

DlIl\caltllll II Itad, aad Treatmeat .olnd by QuestloD Illd AuYer.

"w, ctlm"""a this ood to L,e/tI"" a"d SI"d, .." wllo wUJ /I"d it 0/ VI"" 1I .."i"."-FIRST A lD.

FLETCHER, M.A., M.B M.R.C.S "As a work of refe re ncc, the book will hc e xcremely useful and should he in the li hrary of all amhu lance \Yorker." FmsT .\m. Price, 3 /6; post free, 4/~.

HINT.

N. CORBE T

THE

,,,tk,,,.Ili, rooa

Revised.

AMBULANCE

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT,

FIRaT-AID.

Col. Sir lama (a11tlre c,,,triotliu/I,, i"troatlctio" /I"aw, o,;i"io" oj tMoook."-LANCBT.

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

24, Commerolal

Seventh Edition. Post free , u. :lid. flrat·Ald Simplified and Tabulated, with Aldl te .e.ary,

ST. JOHN AMBULANCB ASSOCIATION, St. John's Gate, LONDON, E.C.r.

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLlE •.

Post fr",e , lid.

Orderly Dutloa Simplified aa \l Tabalatod, with A!da te .emory. A most com/Jaclo"oc""r, . . cOII/ai", ... "c" "ujwl ;.. /o..."atio1C ... - PRESClI IBBB

FIRST AID.

IIlnsLrated by 50 diagram. In Colours with P;"planatory Letterpress. By Sir JAMES CANTLIE, K.B . E. , LL.D., M .A .• M . B . C. M ., F . R .C.S ., D . P.H .R C. P. 7!d. net; pos t free.

LIFE SIZE AN ATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES. Mounted on Canvas, R olIer top and bottom. 25s net each. Post, IS. t. Human Skeleton, fr ont view. 2 . l\'l'lsclcs , front vl~w. 3. Human Skeleton back view i. Muscles, back vIew. 5. The Heart and principal Blood Vessels. 7. Viscera of the Chest and Ahdomen 6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). (B). 8. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (Cl. 9. Viscera of tbe Chest and Abdomen (D). 10. The Nervous System. I I . Schematic diagram of Circulation T2. The Human Ear. 13 The Hnman Eye. 14' Median Section through Skin 15. Median Section througb Head.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. Male, 805. net.

F emale, 805. net.

\"ith Foetus, 855. net.

Carriage 21.

A book that is selling by the hundl'ed.

PLEASE SEND FOR PRICE LISTS.

U niforn Clothing & Equipment Co., LTD.,

P holograph by Cour lesy]

[Daily Sketch

The Mayor of East Ham at the opening of the Essex/59 Road Aid Post on Wanstead Flats. Onicer in the photograph are: Left, Capl. A. ]. Collins, :\l.I.H ., .\.ssistant County Direct?r, Commandant the Rev. P. D. Beckwith and the Assistant Commandant, 1\1r. F. G. LlIlley. seryice the detachments present marched to the Post, where the official opening ceremony took place. The purpose of the Hut was explained by Assistant Commandant Mr. F. G. Linley, after which Capt. A. J. Colbns, M.LII., Assistant County Director, introduced the Mayor of East Ham who officially opened the Post. His vVorship expressed his pleasure at the work done by the Detachment and hoped the support of the general public would be forthcoming in this new venture. Col. G. A . Troup, T.D., M.D. (Assistant County Controller), expressed thanks to the ~Iayor for his attendance and services. Mrs. F. Railton, the Diyisional Vice-President, also attended the ceremony and Col. Troup expressed the appreciation of the County Branch to ?\'Irs. Railton for her services. The Post \\'a then thrown open for inspection by the puhlic.

l.Irs. Bedford Fenwick, President of the 'ational Council of ~ urses of Great Britain and Ireland, and Chairman of the Florence 1 ightingale Memorial Committee of the International Council of Nurses. A reception followed the proceedings.

10 &

11,

Telephones : C lerken well 6682, 5226.

AM BULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE, By P. C. BOTrOMLEY, M.D.

Plans are now nearing completion for the erection of a national memorial, in the grounds of the American Red Cross headquarters in Washington, to Miss JanL Delano and the 296 American nurses who died in the World War. The memorial, which will consist of a group of three marble pavilions of classic design, will stand in a setting of evergreens and shrubs, surrounded by elms and other ornamental trees. Set in a marble niche will be a figure representing "The Spirit of Nursing."

NURSINa

To ~e ,,~t out and e"closed with all Que,,;es JUL Y,

1933.

Strong paprr. ~d. Poslld. (56th thonsand) R evised Strong paper, :2d. Post Id.

Clotb,6d.

FEW

With useful reference tables.

WOROII.

14 pp.

BAIIDAalNG HEALTH

DIAaRA.II.

P.R C.S .

20th Thousand.

Strong paper, ,d.

Post 1d.

ny 81r ~,

It . fll~TH. D.P." Paper folder ~ in . and ~ iTo . P ost free 3d. net .

FEW WOROII.

HOW A~U M. "~B8TO~. D,,,,o,,slralor to th_ Pol,t,cll"ic THE TRIANGULAR BAIIOABE: Price 1$. net; postage, zd Its Application Accurately Described by Words and 110 Diagrams. TH.E R~L.LER BANOAa~. Prioe IS. uet; postage, .d. I.s ApplrcatlOn Accuratelv Descrlhed by Words and 10. Diagrams.

ft,.

FIRST-AID ANATO.laAL 0IA8RA • • • 13(1 to lund 1.4)00 Roll

Post free , .n. 9d. net.

THE

No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs II '

aO.PLETE

.ANnUIi. Price 2a , net; postage 4d Invai ~able to Students of Anatcm} MediCine, Flrst·Aid and Allred Subjects.

System~ of Body acc~r~tely i~dexed.

BJ'

THE WHOLE ART OF BANDA.III •• TIIBI[LA nOWIIBI1. Illustrated. Post free, II. 2d •

.. Plrst Aid," 46, Cannon Street. London, E ( 4.

.. FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIE~ COUPON.

12pp.

III

12 pp.-72 bandaging_diagrams, with notes.

A booklet to aid those interested in Ambulance and Stretcher Work.

Price 2d. each, post free.

n,. J. M. CA~VELL. M.~.C.II.Ba •. AID liIII FEW WORDII. (.ooth thousand) Revi sed.

FIRST

With Coi (uH d DiagramL

HOME

CLERKENWELL GREEN, lONDON, E.C.1.

Telegrams: "U ni qui p, London."

ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. Their Signs, Symplom~ and /I F irst Aid" Treatment. An Ideal Memorizer Quick Referenre. By A. T. GOODING. With · Preface by WI UIAM LOCK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN Nlcol.SOK, M.A., M.B., Ch.B.Glas. I I. :2d. net post free.

POaKET

FIRIIT

AID

BERIE ••

8y Col. ~. J. BLACKHAM, C.B .• C.M.O .. C.I.B .• 0.8.0 .. M.'l (I) Poisoning, (2) Hae~orrha~e , (3) Insenslb,lllty, (of) Aspbyxla (Suspended BHat ~ Ing), (5) Fractures, Dlslocattons and Sprains, (6) Wou nds Bites Bums Scr;.ldJ Rupture and MInor Inj uries. The Series contains all the'essentials of F'irst Aid Printed on IInen·lIned cards, 31 In. X 5; in. Third Edition. 6d. ne er ch postage.d extra.

AIOII TO NURSES

MEMORY VB~NON

JOHN

83-91

~OR

FIRST AID

BTUDENTB AWO

NBW10N. M ~ C ~.(t:3blr)

BALE,

SONS

9d. net.

DANIELSSON.

Qpaat Tltcpft.e19 Stl'eet

~ondon

Ltd.

W .1.

Pest

Hobson & Sons (London) Ltd.),

J. A. WYLIE & CO ••

Manufacturers of Unijorms, Headdresses, Accoutrements for

MEDALS,

LIMITED QUANTITY ONLY. Patterns &. Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

BADGES

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. SPECIAL OFFER of All Wool Fast Dye BJack Tweed TROUSERSPrivates- 13/9 per pair.

AND

TROPHIES

No. 470.-VOL. XL.

FIRST AID

AMBULANCE

AND

SOCIETIES.

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL. No. 77 Bronze, 3/- j Sliver, 4/6: Sliver, Oold Centre, 6/9.

Original Dt-signs and QuotauonJ post

Phone -Hop 0680 & 7065.

,,,te.

Wholesale Pricas to all .. FIRST AID" SOCIETIEI.

London Showroom-

62, North of England Office: 22, YOR K PLACE, LEEDS.

EQUIPMENT.

SURCICAL

.. STERAID ' (Regd.) series ot absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lints an original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dressings are placed in this Patent Container, which, bv a simple rotation, uncovers only the quantity of gauze I)r lint required; atter cutting this off, rotate the Container in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from exposure and retain their natural aseptic condition . (Awarded the Certificate 0/ the Institute of Hygiene.)

HOLBORN

VIADUCT.

E.C.

Telephone- 0840 CltV.

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE

UNIFORMS

All Dressi"gs are of GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE.

"SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for receiving soiled dressings, sanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing In any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring, without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected. and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST-AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements. SBND FOR PRICB LISTS:-

~OBE~T

BAILEY & SON, Ltd.

MA~~IOTT ST~EET

NOTICE

CORPS

Contractors to

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I.

AUG

T, 1933.

Entered at ] [ Stationers' Hall

PRIce TH~eEPENCE [3/6 PER ANNUM, POST li'RJ!E

suitable 'or II

H.M. Ministry of Munitions, Russian Government. &c.

ADDRESS-

FIRST AID

Who/es./e "".ke,.. of

MILLS, STOCKPORT

ard at 137, Sentinel Ho~se, Southampton Row, London, w.e.l. Prin>ed and t'ublisheu by DALE, REYNOLDS & Co. , Ltd., 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4, to whom alHcommunica.tions sllould be addressed. 7 elegrams- -" TwenL y-four, London." Telephone - Central hf.2I. To be had of aU News~gents, Booksellers and Bookstalls iu tbe United Kingdom and at all Railwav Book,t~lls of Messrs. W. H Smith and SonS.

READERS.

EDITORIAL.

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. Annual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Th e

Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invi tes Readers to send Articles and Repo rt s on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers. All Reports, &c., should be add ressed to the Editor at the • cldress below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month and must be accompanied (not necessan'ly /01' publication) by th~ name and address of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Pu blishe rs, DALE, RE'{NOLDS & CO., LTD., 4 6 , CA~NOK STRRKT, LONDON, E.C.4. 7 t:ilf{raphir Add, eH-" Twelltv-Jour, London." 7 dcphom- Cen (ral I12 I.

CONTENTS

THIS

NUMBER.

EOITORIAL-

.\nllu,t1 Report of the .. ] .. \. n. ,\Illl'ril an RvJ Cross Fir!>t .\ill Textbook Colliery :'\l'\\ ... St. Jnl{n .\ll1iJulancc As l1Ciation II'llts l111 rlnme Xursing... . .. • ' L\\ Cllllll1lissioncr Xl). j (Prince of \\'ales's) Distri ct

.'.]..\. B.

,\1 i... takcs in First .\id S.J.A. Brigade District Reports Police Ambulance News ... Lectures in ElL'l1lentan l\nntonw Prior), for \\'aics \n O'rpo, tunity for enil~~' ... . Simrlified Homc Kursing Couplcts Railway Ambulance Ne~' s Letter to the Editor ;\[ore Vic,,' on ol11petili~;1 The Diagnosis of Poi ' oninoPrac~icn l Points' ~ The Lighter Sid'~ 'of First 'Aid The Red Cmss Ship: '" Our Nurses' Pages ... The Royal Life Savin o- Society Red Cross e\\'s ;-, COl1llllOll

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO

CORRE~~ONDENT'~~

Action of Permangannte of Pota h Examination Howler t\Ieddlesolll e Fir t ,\id '" Treatrnen 10f Venomous Snal~~~Bile Humours of Home Nursing ... ~realment of Fractured Spine hxaminalion of Shocked Patient AmbLllance News aqd Cllttings from th Press

25 26 21

27 28

29 30 31

35 36 37

38 3

39 40 '-10

42 42 43 4.)

H 46

47 4-8 -+8

48 48 48 48 50 50

SATISFACTORY increases in both A:\':\'uAL the number of new Divisions, REPORT OF THE and in the personnel, was anS.J.A.B. nounced by the Chief Commissioner, :\1ajor General Sir John Duncan, in his second annual report. During the past year, 143 new Divisions were formed (62 Ambulance, 28 Nursing, 38 Cadet Am bulance and 15 Cadet Nursing), the net increase in strength being 2,399 men, 120 women, 1,337 boys and 215 girls, a total of 4,071. It is pleasi ng to note the big increase in cadet personnel. This is indeed an excellent training and recruiting ground for the adult section . Divisions at Home now total 1,314 men, 609 women, 301 boy, and 140 girl cadets, with a total person nel of 44,923, 13,167, 6,397 and 2,700 respectively. As the numerical strength increases, so the '''ork done increases in proportion. The returns show that 460,253 cases were attended during 1932, an increase of 73,970 over 1931. Fortunately the 247 motor ambulances operated by Corps and Divisions were less in demand, 74,613 patients being carried, compared " 'ith 80,586 in 1931. Public Duty and Road Service received the attention of the members, the latter service treatin Eoa 14,136 accidents, an increase of 2,277 over the previous year. There are now 1,021 First Aid Posts throughout the country, and 91 Roadside Huts staffed by Brigade members. Reference IS made in the report of the scheme undertaken to train the personnel of the No.1 (Prince of Wales's) District for the protection of the civil population in London, against gas attacks. It is hoped subsequently to extend the training to the provinces. Other items included in the Chief Commissioner's report, were the Medical Comfort

FIRST

Depots now numbering 7+, and the Reserves to the Forces of the Crown, all of which are at full strength and doing good work . Iention is ·3.lso made of the duties undertaken by members of Nursing Divisions at Civic Hospitals, Clinics and "\Velfare Centres. In conclusion, Sir John Duncan pays tribute to the ~Iedical Profession, and thanks all members or the Brigade for thei r loyal and efficient su pport and for the exemplary manner in which they have carried out their arduous duties.

- - - . _. - - -

American Red Cross First Aid Textbook. ( Concluded jrom page . 7)

Chapter IX describes "Injuries to Bones, Joints and r1uscles." Two kinds of fracture only are recognised-Simple and Compound. Various 'c nasty falls and horrid smacks "-my pet phrase for those who in examination fail to specify the form of violence-are quoted as the causes of fractures; but no attempt is made, as in our Textbook, to instruct students how violence-direct, indirect and muscular-may produce these injuries. On the other hand, much attention is given to methods of prevention; and under General Treatment of Fractures there is a neat aphorism which is worthy of reproduction here :-

Usually the first a£der does not apply a spl£nt unless the pat£ent zs to be moved. However, do not move pat£ent untz"l a splint has been appl£ed. Emphasis is laid on the need to pad splints thoroughly and to examine every splinted part at least every thirty minutes. Under the Special Treatment of Fractures it is noteworthy that the American Textbook includes the signs and symptoms of Fractured Nose and omits all reference to Fractured Sternum. It is st~ange .that for Fractured Clavicle a large arm sl1l1g (wIthout a pad in axilla) is recommended and also demonstrated in Figure 68, and in spite of the {act that Figure 23 shows the old arm-sling which avoids all pressure on clavicle consequent on one end of the triangular bandage being passed through the armpit of the affected side. Perhaps we. are lucky in having our own c, St. John" whIch has replaced the last named sling for Fracture of Clavicle and Scapula, and accomplishes the same purpose with greater comfort to the patient. For all Fractures of Ribs, whether patient is sitting. or recun:bent, ~ur Textbook orders a large arm-sltng, an InstructlOn which, to the increased discomfort of the patient, is absent in the American Te.xtbook. Perhaps, however, we could adopt (wIth benefit to our ~Qtients) the instruction to tell

August, 1933.

A I D.

them to expel ai r [rom the lungs before we complete the knots of the body bandag s o( which the American Textbook recommends three cravatsone over the broken ribs followed by onc above and one below. For Fracture of Thigh the merican Textbook differs from ours in the application of an internal splint from crutch to foot. For Fracture o[ Patella it suggests a back splint hut leaves the knee exposed, an alternativ method of trcatmen t being a pillow fixed with cravat bandages, two above and two below kn ecap. For Fractu re of Spine both Textbooks ao-r e in placing pati nt on a boarded stretcher on his back. Thouo-h it inb cludes a full description of the Thomas ' plint, the American Textbook agrees " oi th ou rs (which for a similar reason places its description in an appendix), by statin a that instru tion in its u. e should only be aiyen to trained and eli ' ciplincd bodies of men, such as mem bers f pol ice (orces and fire brigades. The American Textbook gi \' s spc ial d ispensation to its students to attempt reduction of dislocations of ja\,', fingers and toe . a course of action which our Textbook rightly, in my opinioll, refuses to allow. Chapter X on " oisoning" is rep lete " ' itll practical hints of a general rather than l f a speci ilc character; but it is curious that no attention is drawn to the condition of the lip, tono-ue and mouth (whether burned or not) as the a~ e of cmcr cr en~y (corrosive or non-corrosive poi oning) aneta gUide to treatment (emetic or no emetic). Chapter XI, after a brief discussion on the condition of" nconsciousness," pro eeds to et out in detail the symptoms and treatment of 12 common causes, whereas in our Textbook the General Rules of Treatmen t and a cherne of Exam i nation precede the exposi tion of the handling of common causes, which ar classified. Chapter XII, on "Common Emeraencies " . , 0 , IS remarkable In that it deals with a mixture of oddments many of which to us are beyond the scope of first aid. The complete list includes: Blisters; Boils; Colds; Convulsions in Children' Corns; Earache; Hernia' IIiccouah' Hives b , (Nettlerash); Foreign Bodies in Ear, Eye, Nose, Stomach and Throat; Insect Bites; Pain in Abdomen; Poison Ivy and Sumac; tyes ; Toothache. Little difference as between both Textbooks is noted in the treatment of the strictly first aid emergencies; and I heartily endorse the italicised inst ruction that, with Foreign Body in Nose contrary to our Textbook, "the Nose should ~ot be blown violently, nor should it be blown with one nostril held shu t." Chapter XI II, on cc Transportation," describes methods of carrying patients by hanel and stretcher strictlyJrom the civilian standpoint, that is, with-

August, 1933

FIR S T

A I D.

------------------------------~ out any attempt at uniform drill such as that which exi~ten~e. ~his class was organised 4 years ago durincT :,,' hlch time eighty-eight passes have been reg-ist~re'd which ?ur Te~tbook has ah~ays adopted. Fig. 95 is very IS an. excellent result when it is mentioned that the Collien' ~nterestlng, because It shows a stooping man holdwas Idle for nearly two years. • Ing the ends of two poles while another man is , To Mr. W'. A. Morgan, M. E., colliery agent for the peeling the lounge coat of the first man and pullMea? must be gIven the credit for this result as by his ing ~t over his head; surely a neat method of contl.n~ed support and for the provision of the necessary rcg ~lsltes he has made the work possible to be carried on. forming a Coat-and-Poles tretcher. Of the 2, 3 He Is .a vpry ke~n first aid worker and together with his and 4-I~and e~ts as .we know them, only the first s ~a:r, IS r.esponslble for the organisation of two S.].A. B. named IS descnbed In the American Textbook' diVISions In Iountain Ash. a.nd, further,. i~ is noteworthy that the bearer~ ~Instead .of linking up .with crooked fingers and In terven II:g h~nd kerchIef as in ou r Textbook) clasps \\TI~ts With palm of hand, a method which \\ hen te teu, was distinctly uncomfortable to th~ other bea.rer an~ ,myse lf, and which years ago used to figure In our I e.:-..tbook. Iso, as a substitute for Ollr II.u man Strct her, which is not described in the ~ll1e[)can. m~n ual, th ere is the E igh t-l\lan Handlarry whkh IS rcc~mmended for loading patient on ~tr tcher \\ hel: he I: su [feri ng from a broken neck, ba k o~ pelv,I~. l"'oll r men (preferably, though three \\ III SUnl c) fa e ea h other, all kneeling on ~(n~e nearest ~o th patient's feet, and very gently IIlSlnuate thclr hands, wri ts and forearms (palms :Ipward ) ~Inder t'?e patient' back until they meet 1}1 the ml Idle line, \Vh n they interlock their hnger~, ~he hands alternating from the two sides and the hr~t pair forming a Ul to r ceive patient's head . The la ·t 'haptcr the American Textbook deal" witl: First id Kit, and gi\'es orne IIseful a.n I. practical hints to ~ati f}' \'arious requirements 'illl11lar to thoe provided [or us by the tores T)epartmen t of the As ociation. . III ~onclu~ioll, this analy i supports my first l~lp res Ion. that the American Red ro s First Aid ,1 cx~book IS ~ thorough I y good man ual, and that It wIll pro\'c Ilwaluable in teaching lay students how best thcy may render efficient First Aid. At th~ .same timc, it also confirms my oft-stated ?plnlon tha,t thc. ' l. John First-Aid Textbook, as It was the hrst, IS still the best of all the official man llals. - ~. C.l" .

St. John Jl.mbulance J\ssociation.

Dr. N. Burgess judging in the "La\'ington" Cup Com petition.

Colliery News. .\ VIGATION COLLIl<~R\' ( 10 L'1 T .\1 _

.\SH).

The fourth annual supper ancl presentation of certificates to the mel1lbers of the ambulance class took place on J ul), 15th, 1933. ' .Mr. Theophilus Jones, M.E., mana(Ter of Na\'icration C :> E" . 10rgan, M. E.,:-, manag-er of1""0 Cwm C'oilier ),' an.d M r. I·'-. synan Coll.le.r): and organising secretary for Cwm Cynon .J.A.B. DIVISion, Illade the presentations. a d J?r. ~. Scales, lec turer, and lr.]. H . Thomas, . ecretary n I.nstl uctor, 'w ere presented with a walnut standard eaI1ect. n c. r~:lcrIl1g I amp and oak bookcase respectively, in I pleClatlOn of the sen'ices rendered to [he class since its

accompanied by 1\lr. R. E. Bush, a Knight of the Order of J~11I1, who spoke of the \'alue of the St. John Ambulance In Bristol. ~1 r. Eg~ert. vVebb, Centre Secretary, wa responsible for the orgal11SatlOn of the tests. The re ults were : " Beavis" Cup, 1, L.1\1. S . Iotive 186' 2 Packers 178, ; 3, Pilning, G. \V . R. No.1, 172.' " , " Mrs. Squire's" Cup, 1, Pilning G. \ \T. R. No.1, 162 ; 2, L.l\I. S. Motive, 143 ; 3, Packers, 141. "Novice" Cup, 1, Bedminster, 145; 2, Bristol Docks No.3, H2! ; 3, Redland, HO. " Mather II Cup, 1, Redland 13 . 2 Bristol Docks No 3, 134. ' " . _ I I Cyril Lavington" up, 1, Pilning G. 'V. R. o. 2 1/9tj 2, L.1\I.S. Motive, 175 ; 3, Packer, 163.

?l.

FIRST

Hints on Home Nursing. By CAPTAIN NOR iAN HAl\I l\lER, R.A.l\l.C., l\l. R.C.S., L . R.C.P. AFFECTION of ear, nose and throat will often come under the care of the Home Nurse, and though many of them will be simple and well within the scope of the St. John nurse or V. A . D., some will need medical attention, as they may be warning signs of serious trouble . Tll1~oats are affected by dust and germs, especially in towns and at this time of year. A sin:ple sore throat with no rise of temperature, llttle general m~laria, no swelling of the tonsils or formation of patches, may be treated by gargles . Every child should be taught to gargle from the earliest years, in the same way that he is taught to clean his teeth. Simple gargles may be made by adding a pinch or two of salt, a teaspoonful of vinegar, a little Condy's fluid or glycerin~ of thymol, to a half cup of warm water. The patIent should half fill the mouth, tilt the head slightly back, open the mouth and breathe through it, letting the breathed-in air bubble through the liquid. Never hurry a gargle and ne~er tak~ too much into the mouth at once. A patient wIth a sore throat, however slight, should be watched, and a doctor called in if anyone of the following is noticed or complained of : 1. Rise of temperature or rigors . 2. Headache, backache, heaviness of the limbs. .3. Feeling of nausea or actual vomiting. 4. Pain in swallowing. 5. Even slight swelling or tenderness just below and behind the axle of the jaw or lumps felt at the back or sides of the neck (tonsilitis, scarlet fever). 6 . V\Thite, yellowish -white or grey patches on lining of throat or tonsils (di ptheria). 7. Croupy breathing (true croup, so called) = diphtheria. False croup = enlarged tonsils and / or adenoids. 8. A rash or a strawberry tongue. Repeated attacks of sore throat usuall y mean adenoids or unhealthy tonsils. To examine a t1z1~oat, sit the patient facing a lia-ht. Tell him to tilt back his head, to open his m~uth and say "ah." As he says "ah," his throat opens a nd his tongue is slacked and depressed, so at the same instant gently press .th.e tongue down with the h andle of a spoon (bod It afterwards) or a wooden spatula (burn it afterwards), and you will see the back and sides of the throat to the level of the tonsils. Be careful not to push the tongue down roughly and not to touch the uvula, the little red projection at the top of

A I D.

August, 19.3 3.

the arch which is secn behind the base of the tongue. The ?\OSE is in communication with1. The throat (behind the arch of the fauces). 2. The ear (by a tube called the eustachian tube). 3. The eye (by the tear duct-that's why" e have to blow our noses when we cry). +. The otttside (by the nostrils). It is lined with mucus membrane, which produ es, like all mucus membranes, its typical secretion. Any irritation of this membrane, e.g., by dust, by irritating vapours, or by germs, will cause an excessive and abnormal secretion-increase the amount, and changed in character. At first thin and watery, it may become thick, yellow, and pussy-certain germs. \\Thi le this ondition lasts, paper handkerchiefs should be used, and at once burnt after u e, and the patient should b 'ardul not to breathe or sneezc over other peopk. In health, mouths and noses cor"!tain myriads [ a-erms which may not affect u until"\\e lo\\cr ;ither ~ur general or our local re istan ;cncrat resistance is lowered by fatigue, by hung r, by exposure, and by constipation (among other things). The local resistance of the nose is lowered b\ stuffy rooms; it is nev r the draught that mak S liS catch cold, it is the fo g and [roust o[ thc ventilat d rooms, cinemas, railway carriag ,and 0 on, that makes us llohce the drauglzt and that makcs OLI r noses give in to the germs that they prcviously were not affected by. The simple cold in the head is best treated by (1) a brisk plunge ('l'el), z'l1lportant) ; (2) 5-15 a rai ns of aspirin; (3) a hot bath; and (4) bed. If the patient does not feel better in the morning, call a doctol- . Colds are best avoided by(1) Exercise; but avoid excessive fatigue. (2) Fresh air; avoid stuffy and ovcrheated places. (3) Frequent bathing of the body (nasal catarrh, viscarious elimination, so keep swcat g land s active and unclogged). (4) Keep feet warm and head colc! (a stuffy room in win ter is the opposition of this). (5) Plenty of fruit and (in the winter) fat in the diet. A clzronz'c discharge from the nose is often due to a gross abnormality, such as persisting adenoids, bony malformations in the nasal passages or obstruction due to nasal polypo. The same abnormalities may cause a pathological dz'mznutio1Z , rather than increase, in the nasal secretion. Medical advice should be sought in these cases. The EAR is connected with the nose by the narrow Eustachian tube. Any dz'sclzarge [rom the ear channel however slight (and often it may be di~covered only by staining of the pillow overnight) means germs in the innerqlOst part of the ear, an d a doctor must see the case as soon as possible .

August, 19.3 3.

F r~R S T

The infection may be due to a spread alona- the tu be from the nose, and is a fairly common s;quel of measles and scarlet fever . Earache I?ay be due to the presence of a plug of hard wax In the ear chan nel, or be part of a s imple cold, in which case warm olive oil will re lieve it-o r it may be a warning sign of serious ea r trouble which may lead to the spread of infection into the air spaces in that rounded mass of hone ,.ve can feel just behind the ear, called the masto id process. Severe pai n in the ear, tenderness over the mastoid process, a rise of tem peratu re, or "feclable" glands in the neck make it im portant t send for a doctor at once. rrrax is secreted by small glands in the skin lin ina- the deepcr part of the ear channel-and it l~as been S~lggl;Stcd that it is a survival of a primiriv e stage 111 h,uman development and served by its c10 Llr to kccp 111 c ts out of the ear. n accumu~ at ion o[ th wax may cause deafness by pressure In the car drum, and the temptation is for the suffe rcr to try to remove it by poking about with a matc h head or a hairpin. This is a dan a-ero us th.ing t,o clo. Softcn the wax by elroppino- in warm oll \'c oilc"cral timcs a day, an I at night plua the ear channcl with c tton \\'001 soakcd in warmed )1 i, c oi I. r\ f[1.: r a day or t\\'o o[ th is treatmen t, the Ho me 0!urse may )Tinge the wax out. Th patient ' hould be sat uprio-ht in a chair , h ' and hold a kidney ha in pr ' eel against the side of thc nCLk or chin. l' ing a ..2 o/.. syringe with war m oapy watcr (or warm water with a little bica rbonatc of socia in it) the IIome ;\.' urse should Re ntl)' wash out the ear channcl. The nozzle of the syri ngc shOll Id poi n t obI iq uely back\Vards, so that the current of water impinges against the back \ all ~nd edd ies rOll nd separati n a- the pI u 0' of wax ro m Its atta hmellt. Don't cnter the nozzle faran d take abou.t [ollr journeys of the plunger to empty each synngeful, never emptying the syringe at one go. , Children will oft n a-et/ore/O"Jl bodies imparted I? the ear channel. Don't try to remove them; tie up th.e ear. to p.reven t the ch ild from picking an ~ poking WIth hiS fingers, and take the little patient to a doctor.

A Oag clay 011 behalf of the Sl. John ,\l1lbulance Bri o'ade \\:as .held on . \ugust 12th in the Falke tone and Che~iton d IstncL. 3'

The first-aiel

•

c:;

talioll of the Lenhal1l Di\'ision S,]. A. B

\Vas uedicated on Sunday, July 30th. aIler the members ha'd

alle nded a church paraLic.

We are prepared to supply Ambulan ce Secretaries a?d othe rs with s pecimen copIes of this Journal for :lstribution among their membe r s . Apply to the ublishers, F IRST AID, -46 Cannon .5t., London E .C....

A I Jj.

New Commissioner No. J. ( Prince of Wales's) District, S J.~.B. IT has been officially announced that Captain William Goodley, ~I.C., has been appointed as Commissioner to the London District in succession to Lieut. -Colonel F. A. Brooks, :\1.D., who recently retired from that position. The new Comm issioner needs no introduction to the members of his District, having been an active member since 1920, when he was attached to No. 15 (East Ham) Division as Supern umary

Captain " ' illiam Goodley, ~l. C.

Superintendent. In 1922 he was appointed Divi ~ional Su peri,:ten.den t of No. 72 (Barking) Di vision; In 1926 to Dlstnct Officer (Eastern Area) and in 1927 to Public Duty Officer of No. 1. District. This by no means covers his ambulance career as his initial first aid certificate is dated 1895 . Since that date he has been an active and concientious worker in all ambulance matters. From 19.0~ ~o 1919, he was First Officer, l\Iarch Raih\'ay D,Ivl~lon; he captained the larch (G.E .) team winning the G . E.R . Challenge Cup seven times between 190.3 and 1910; and was also captain of the same team which was successful in winninathe b Inter- Rai lway Challenge Shield in 1903, 1904 and

FIRST

1907. During th e Great \ Var he served as Lieut. O . ~l. , 76th a nd 136thFieldAmbulance,R . A.l\I.C. [;om 191 + to 19 19. He was mentioned in D espatches in 19 17, and a warded the ~Iilitary Cross for devot ion to duty at Sailly-sur-Lys, 1918. Cap ta in G ood ley has also been, and still is , a tower of st reng th in R a ilway Ambul a nce work; havi ng been award ed the L.N.E.R. Lon g Service ~I edal for 15 yea rs service, and two bars j chairman of L iver pool Street Ambul a nce Di vision since 19l9, an d appo inted as Secretary to the Great Cent ra l Cen tre in Au g us t, 1932-to succeed the late ~Ir. H . C. Hi g so n . I n 192+ he ,,-as a wa rd ed the insi g nia of Serving Broth er of th e O rd er of St. J ohn, and in 1931 was promoted to an O ffi cer of the Order. \ Ve exte nd to Ca ptain Goodley our congratulations o n his new a ppoin t ment. That he is a \\lorthy successor to Colonel Brooks none will question , a nd we fee l tha t he will not spare himself to g ive a lead to the men and women under his charge. To every Di vis io n in his District, the largest in England, co mpris in g 200 Di v isions with a personel of 7,000, Captain Goodl ey has sent a person nal message in wh ich he asks for continued loyalty and co-opera tion , usin g as his watchword " Efficiency . "

" P ro F ide-P1'o Utilitate H 017zillum ."

Common Mistakes in First Aid. P OISQ, lN G . FEW p roblems test th e intelli g ence of the first aid worker so severely as th a t of poisoning. I t may be mistaken fo r so ma ny other conditions. It may be due to so many di ffe rent ca uses , all requirin g special treatmen t. There are so many ways in which t he fi rst aid wo rker may err. And an error may cost the patie nt h is life. The first m is take, often made, is not to kee p clues to diagnosis a nd treatment. Never throw away (o r let the patien t' s rel a tives mis lay) bottles, boxes, packets, or whatever has been vomited. They may g ive a cl ue, not only to the nature, but also the quant ity of th e poi so n the patient has taken . If, for example, a cardb oa rd box is label1ed veronal (10 o r 12 catch ets), and it s till contains nine , the fi rs t aid worker will not only be guided as to the na ture of the pois on taken, but also, w ith a n a rithmetical effort, as to its total d ose . \ iVhen the doctor a rri ves on the scene and exa mines the vo mit, he may learn from it what poiso n it con tai ns-w h ether it is an alkali or an acid, o r so me poison whose smell betrays its character. Or h e may come to the conclusion

A I D.

August, 1933.

that the patient is not suffering fro m any poison w hatever , a nd that the vomiting a nd other symptoms are due to hcemorrhage [rom a gastric ulcer. E ven if empty bottles, etc., give no helpful information at the time, they may do so at a later date when an analyst is called or the first aid worker has to give evidence at an inquest or in a police court. If he has kept his head (as well as various exhibits) at the time, he will have aided the course of justice in cases of criminal poisonin g . He will also have avoided those scathin g comments which a re a pt to rain down in poli e courts on the heads of a bse n t-m i nded muddl e rs . The direct effects of a poison a re sometimes obscured by its more remote cffects . For example, alcohol is ta ken in g enerou mea ure by a reveller who is li g ht-headed earl y in the even i ng and light-headed towards it clo e. On try in g to reach the dry secllrity of his d o mi c il c , he falb down a wh ole fli g ht of sta irs . II e is found unconscious, bl eedin g fro m a sca lp wound. The pa tieIl t is s uffc rin g onl y fr o m the direct a nd immedi ate effects o f alco hol po i o nin a , th e first aid worker is in clined jus t to put him to bed at hom e a nd to a vo id indi screet Ell s in g and publicity . In mos t cases , perh a ps , s ubsequ ent ev e nts will justify this acti o n . But there is a lways th e chance th at th e a lcohol, pa rti c ula rl y if it is o( bad quali ty , w ill inflict pe rm a ne nt inju ry o n s uch delicate orga ns as the eyes, if it is not promp tly washed out w ith the h elp o f a s to mac h p ump or em etIc. There is a st ill m o re importa nt ve ntu a lit), the firs t aid wo rker m us t bear in mind. Th e pati en t's uncon sciou s ness may be du e to co nc uss io n or fra cture oE th e s kull w ith res ultin g hcemorrhage into, a nd co mpre ~s ion of, the bra in. If so, a nd he is p ut to bed at ho me to leep off his all eged drunke n s tu po r, he may die th ere in a few hours , w he reas in h os pita l an imm diatc operation mi g ht have sa ved hi s li fe . If th e fi rst aid worke r ca nnot con s ult a docto r in s uch perplex in g circums tan ces, it is well to re member that a hos pital bed is a much sa Ee r refu c'-e than a n y othe r. In the Ameri can R ed Cross firs t aid manu al one reads: "Very probably you will nev er see a nyon e who has been poisoned; but, on the oth er hand, if you know wh a t to do, y ou may save a life. " Ev eryon e cannot be expected to acquire an encyc10pced ic knowled g e of pharmacology. But everyone should be ab le to pass an elementary examination based on the half-dozen pag es devoted in first aid manuals to th is subj ect. Otherwise more and worse m istakes than t hose referred to here will be committed . When corresponding wit.h advertisers mention " FIRST AID."

kind ly

FIRST

Aug ust, 1933.

The

Brigade

St.

fohn

.\5. already reported. ~~iet1t.-Co1. F . A. Brooks, ~I. D., has rctlred from the posltlon of Commissioner of the o. 1 Ditrict, a poitlf)]1 he had held since 1927 when he ass umed command follo\\ing the death of the late r-.lr. \\". 1L \Vinl1\'. Cu1. l:ra'oks has an excellent record of service in ~h' Ord e r of St. J ol1n dating back from 1891, when he beca me a lecturLl· to the Association. In 1899 he formed thl FlltxSt ~ \\"c Di\'i . ion and bccame its first lIon . Surgeon m I Supenn; cndcn t: I,re .\\ a promoted Chief Superintd d en t o f . n. 3 DI tnct 111 1903 and, whcn this District \\a5 split in t'? ~o . 3 a nd ro. 10 Districts he was appointcd • ~,t. C0ll11l11SSI0nC!' of thc latll:r. Following the Great \\ a!' h e was tratl s rerrcd to Xo. 1 Di trict where he was enth ll sia .; t icalh· rccei\'Cd II i~ \\·') rk·ha~ hl (, Il ~('cogIli"l'd by The Order: in 1901 he wa~ ad mitted a s II c) l1 o rary .\ .' ociate and in 1911 promoted to th t" ~ rad (' Il[ rni ~ht o i Grace. III is also a mel11br r 0 f t he ' ha pter General. .\l :h otl[;h rC.tinng. fr0111 the COlllmi- ioncrship Col. !Irooks:, COl1l1 CCtICll1 \\ Ith the Ihig-adc i not cnded as h e 1'>.11(l\\, a 1l1 clllhl' r 01 the Chief COl11mi ' ioner's Staff and \:111 l~ar r)' ou t ilhp ection in London and the Home ( 1)1' ntlC S. 4

SOL'TlJE R.' T' .\II.W.\Y CORPS (.OUTTIER .T).-The annual f1a~·. day of thiS l o rp s wa . held Oil July 8th and from the :,lchtcd a . ~~1lI 1l ' a profit O! .£55 195. \Va made . Receipt ,Itall~d ~:- I 1,1!;, :2 I. .. \\ hd t the e, ' penditure accountcd lor -£ 1 I :-s. 2<1. T he second alll111,d •. Ambuh;amia " of the Corps to be ~lL'ld ~ 11 : a t unlay, .~cptelllhcr 16th, is now beino- a r ranged ~ n.d. It 1. hop ed to Include many il11proyements on the lIlltla l (,Ye n t. Th e re will be in addition to the side sho\\ s at~ Ope n Jhhy Sh o\\'. particulars of which can be obtained o.t Lady Di,-. .'upt. :'IIi s Pearce. 1, Alpha Road . New Cross , S.E. Flrst Aid and Xur inO' Competitions will al 0 he h eld. Other attractions \\~ll include dancing games, and caberet. '

No. I I. District. 1:Icn and. nurses a so.ciated \\ ith ~he Brigade th rough Oll t IIampshlre were highly compltmented at Bournel11o u th by Colonel C 1. Ellis ( urgeon-in-Chief) afte r h e 1lad officlatc I · . , c a lI1speclll1g 0 f:fi cer at the ann ual in spection of the County. ~O There \\ as an impressive parade in Meyrick P ark o f / 0 men, nurses and cadets. p ' Colonel Ellis was accompanied by L ieut.-Col. W. E. J\I~~arc1, F.R.S :1\.. (Coullty C0111lni~si~n er), J\Iajo r C G. H. Ch se (Asslst~nt County CommIssIOner), Ma j or F. O. d a)ppell (Actl11g- County A dj u tant a nd officer f o r th e ay and Mrs. Hayes and the lIon. Mrs. V/ h itaker (la dy cc unty officers). The inspection was fo llowed by a march p ast and radc through the centre of th e town to St. P et er 's for a seryice, conducted by th e V ica r (Canon H thO 'larsh) and the R ev. J. T. Campion (Cha pl a in o f A ~ hdourncll1onth Corps). Th e address wa s g iven by the 1 (' eacon of \ Vinc h e ter ( th e Ye n. A. E. Da ldy ).

Ambulance

DzstJ'zct R eports.

No I. (Prince of W a les's) D istrict.

tt l(;C\

A I D.

A fter the service there was anothe r b ig parCJ,de t o the Bournemouth Pavilion, where tea was served. Col. Ellis offe r ed words of congratulation to all concerned for the success of the event. He presented medals awarded for 15 yea r s' effici.ent sen'ice, to ~1rs. Hayes (Lady County Officer), Capt~111 E . P . Parslow (\Voolston Division), and ~mbl:llance. ~I~ters Jones and Arkwrig-ht (Bournemouth urS1l1g DI\"lSIOn), Lady Ambulance Office r Miss Disney (Portsea X ursing Division), al 0 qualified for a medal but was not present to receive it. ' . L ieut.-Col. Pittard thanked the inspecting officer for hIS attendance, and those who had undertaken the organisation of the pa rade.

No. III. Dist ric t. T he Annual Inspection of the ~orthamptonshire Ambulance and Xursing Corps took place at Franklins Gardens, X orthampton . . on Sunday, July 23rd. 1\1aj orGeneral Sjr John .D~1l1can, K.CB., C:'II.G., CV.O., D.S .O., C.hlef CommIssIOner. the Inspecting Officer, was acco:npanled by Dr. Leslie \V. Dryland (Commissioner of. orthampton and Huntingdon). A large number of ladles and gentlemen interested in the ambulance movement witnessed the inspection amongst whom were the ::'I1arquess of Exeter, C:'ILG., A.D.C (Lord Lieutenant of ~orthant ) . Sir A . de Capell Brooke (Chairman of the Ko~thants County Council), the :\Iayoress of Xorthampton (:\1ISS Olga Hanafy), Major P . G. Darvil-Smith, CB.E. ( . ec.retary .I .A.B.). Dr. \ V. E . Audland) ~I.B.E. (CommI SIOner for Oxford hire), Col. R. ~I. Raynsford, D . . 0. (Secretary, ?{orthants Territorial Association), and Col. G. S. Eunsoll, D.L., V.D. There were 970 members on parade under the command of Di trict Officer J. C Parker. Upon arrival on the ground the Chief Commi sioner was received ",ith t~e "general salute," and. accompanied by the CommisSIOner, L ady District Supt. 1\1rs. Harn}' Reeycs, ~.R. R. C, and County Surgeon H. F. Percival. O.B.E., lI1spected the Nursing, Ambulance Cadet Divisions and twelve moto r ambulances . The parade then formed into col~mn and I?a~ched past. Following the inspection the Chief CommIssIOner p r esented sen'ice bars and medals all? L ady District Supt. ~Irs. Harvey Reeves presented a shield to the \ Vellingborough Victoria X ursina Diyision this yea r 's winners of the "Perrott" hield and th~ (( M ountgarrett" Cup. This shield was given bv ~1rs . R eev es in memo ry of he r hu band, the late Alden;;an ''Ii..'. H an-ey R eeves, D.L., O .B.E.. formerly Commissioner for the No. 3 (Eastern) District. The shield wil1 be held ea.ch yea r by the winners of the c. Perrott" Shield D I ~ t ri ct Co.mpetition ~or t~e area of orthamptonshire, L elces te r sh lre, \ Varwlcksh lre, \ Vorcestershire, Binning-ham and pa r t of S taffordshire. The Chi ef Commissioner in his address complimented the mem be rs present on their smart turn-out and keenness . H e w a s quite satisfied that the vast majority of m embe rs do th eir u tmost to acq uire the nece sarv know~ edg.e a n d h aye obtained such a degree of skill as to Ju stIfy the confider:ce which th.e public have placed in th em. In con cl USIOn th e ChIef Commissioner cong rat ul i'lted th e V/ell ingborough Y ictoria Nursing Diyi ion

FIRST

on winning the t, Perrott" Shield) referring' to the high standard of the work in that competition. After the parade had been di mi sed tea was pro, ided in the alon in the garden. The Inspection of the ~outh Staffordshire Area was held at Tamworth, the Commissioner) Major J. Orton. ?lI.D., being the inspecting officer. He was accompanied by Asst. Commi sioner Dr. D. l\lcCol1. Others present included Alderman T. Leedham, Alderman H. C. Goostry, the Yicar of Tamworth (the Rev. Prebendary E. H. Rogers) and representatives of other public bodies. The parade) under the command of Div. Supt. W. H. Chandler (Tamworth) and headed by the Amington Banc!, proceeded to the Castle Sports Ground. Here Major Orton ,,,as receiyed ,,,ith the general salute) following ''''hich the inspection of the personnel of each Division was carried out. A hollow square was then formed and from the saluting base Major Orton addressed the parade. He wa pleased to see the increasing numbers. The drills, ·t retcher, infantry and hand-seat) were entirely satisfactory. - The Commissioner also presented service medals to Lady Amb. Officer l\1rs. E. A. Owen and Sergt. \V. Smith. Dr. ~IcColl thanked the Corporation of Tamworth for the use of the grounds and to Supt. Chandler and officers and members of the Tamworth Division for their assistance. The Divisions then formed up and marched smartly past the saluting base) ~1ajor Orton taking the salute. The parade then proceeded to the assembly rooms where tea was served. BIRMINGH~L-Capt. J. A. Henton White) the County Commissioner, accompanied by members of Staff, attended the funeral of the late Mr. E. Bedford. A strong contingent of members of the L.M.S. Ambulance Centre, ew Street, and other Divisions were also present. At a memorial service, Co!. B. J. T. Ford) T.D., D.L.) Asst. County Commissioner) paid a generous tribute to the valuable nature of 11r. Bedford's services to The Order. He joined the movement in 1913) and after a period of four years in the R.A.M.C., he returned to New Street and almost immediately commenced to take an interest in the Class Organisation. He had been Assistant Class Secretary and, since 192\ had undertaken the full secretarial duties. He was awarded the gold medal and bar of the L.M.S. Ambulance Centre, for 20 years' efficiency, and had recently been the recipient of the Order's Vellum Vote of Thanks. His Brigade activities included that of Divisional Secretary, Ambulance Officer, Divisional Superintendent, until, finally, on the formation of the II A" Corps of the Birmingham County Organisation, he was promoted to Corps Officer. He held the service medal of The Order, and his continuous promotion was in itself a definite testimony of the very high opinion the County Com mis-sioner had of his services. Co!. Ford, on behalf of the Brigade Corps, tende r ed to Mrs. Bedford and the bereaved relations) their deepest sympathy in the great loss of one, who to know was to love, and whose ideal was to spend himself in the service of his fellowmen .

DUDLEY.-For the second year in succession the Annual Parade and Inspection of the Dudley and Dist r ict Coq>$ W'3S held in the grounds of the D udley T raining CoHege. Owing to intermittent heavy shower s the

A I D.

August, 1933.

demonstration of the treatment of supposed accident cases was cancelled. The in pecting officer was Assl. Commis iuner F. F. Le Souef impson. Accompanying him were orps urgeon Dr. V . Gray Maitland, Corps upt. A. \tVinbov.,', Corps Treasurer J. A. Harris, S.B., Corp Secretary P. H. Schofield) Corp ergt.-11ajor II. Webb, .B.) and ex-Corps upt. C. Olli, .B. The orderly officer for the afternoon was Amb. Officer S. Casserley, Brierley ITill Di\'ision. The parade, numbering o\'er two hundred officers, men and nur e ) was assembled by Cnrp 'crgl.-~1aj()r l i. \Vebb on the grounds at the rear of the Education Offices and headed by the Dudley Town prize band proceeded to the College grounds; where the inspection was held. This was fo11o\\ eel by the march past, the alute being taken by the Assi ta nt Commissioner. The inspection oyer, erYice medals were presc:nted to Amb. Officer 1. Evenson and ergt. ~. \\'all (Tipton Division); Lance -Co rpls. \V. H. Jones anc! l Biggs ( tourbridge); 3rd bar to Diy. Supt. II. Baker (Stomhridge); 1st bar to Di\,. 11Pl. E. Lakin (Tipton); 2nd bar Lo taff-Sergl. D. Jones (Dudley); -I-th bar to ex- orps. 11Pl. C. Ollis, to \\'hom al'o a gole! wristlet \'latch \\ as pre ented in recoo'nition of his long and happy as.ociaLion ",ith the Corps. Tea wa then partaken in the Parish Hall. after which A st. olllmissiolH:r .'impslll1 addrcs~ed the as embly. NUKEATO;{.-To test the efficienc\' of the members of the Brigade in the ::-JL1neaton district under ' actual .. working conditions, a railway accidcnt \\'a' rcalislicall~ staged at the N un eaton Abbey Street Sldl ion at 7 p.m. 011 July 27th. In co-operation with the L.:;\I. & •. Hail\\'a)' a colli ion took place on the goocJs sidin~ bet\\len trucb and a train carrying a party of lads i rom camp. ThL coaches and trucks were jumbled and derailed and niI1l'l~ injured boys were sc"ttereel about the cene. Each member 0: the Brigade had been IHl'\'iously handed a sealed envelope, to be opened at 7 o'clock, informing them of the accident. Some llH.'l11bcr: \\'ere practising in the Ambulance Hall \\'hen the ne\\s cam I' through. Within fifteen minutes amhulance l1111l and wOl11cn were ,,,:o rking .lard, dressing and classifying the "victims." Heher included members from .. T ul1la tOl1, Bedworth) Griff - and Longford, making 200 workers (including patients) engaged. A temporary dressing station was fixed up at the station whilst serious ca es ,,,ere conveyed to the General Hospita l where a special ward had been prepared. All ninety cases had been cleared from the station within forty-five minutes after the first warning had been given. The treatment given was inspected by Dr. Robinson, assisted by Dr. M. Clarke (Hospital House Surgeon) ane! Miss B. M. Partington (Matron)) and in each case the work had been efficiently and quickly done. The officers in charge of the operations were: Transport, Corps Officer Bonham; Supt. W. H . Harri s and Amb. Officer Gazeley (Nuneaton Division); Supt. J. Randle (Griff); Supt. II. Weston (Bedworth); Supt. J. Davenpo r t and Amb . Officer Booth (Longford). The Nuneaton nurses were under Lady Supt. E. Henley and Lady Amb. O fficers Man ell and Capel. At the conclusion; Corps Officer Bonham moved a vote of thanks to tbe helpers) especially the lorry owners and drivers. The work of the police in controlling the crowds and traffic was also praised. The vote was seconded by Supt. Weston, of Bedworth.

Au g ust, 1933.

FIRST

Among the large number of interested spectators was Diy. Controller Seal, of Birmingham, and the Secretary of the L.M. & S. Ambulance Brig-acle, also of Birmingham.

No. IV. (Lancashire) District ARGENTA.-The sudden death of Mr. A. W. Brooks, of the Argenta 1eat Company, wi11 cause sincere regret among ambulance men in the North of England. For 111any years he took a keen interest in the Argenta Compdilioll and for the last two years. since the death of :\1 r. n. F. Harrison, hac; acted as Chairman. T() his wiclow and t \YO daughters we extend sincere con dolence. FLEET\\ oOD.-A pleasing feature of the Fleetwood, Thornton and Preesall combined impection, held in the ;-'lemorial Park, Fleetwood: was the large number of Roy ancl Girl Cadets present. Supt. Bailey was in command and the inspecting ()AiL'c r was Col. r.. J. Trimble, C.B., C.M.C. i\TI1c;ic dming the afternoon was provided by the

A 10.

and was personally thanked by Earl Haig for his devotion to cluty after the hospital had been set on fire. On J uly 22nd the f1r~ t annual Sports :'Ifeeting of thl: Liverpool Corps proved a great success. The weather was ideal and members of the various Divisions gave a good display. Prizes were presented by Mr. and Mrs. Nixon, President of the AT.M. Diyision and members of the Financial Advisory Committee. 'Councillor A Hankey, J.P.) and Mrs. Hankey, and Alderman Paris, J.P., were also present. l\1r. ixon, who made the presentation of awards. complimente.d the competitors on their keenness. Corpe; Officer Costlgan .(Chalrman, Sports Committee)" thanked Mr. and Mrs. IX on for their presence and encouragemen t. The officials included Corp!. Price (Starter) Corps Officer Costigan) M.RE. (Chairman), Supt. E.' :;\1oore (Clerk of the Course), Supt. Ramsdale, Supt. Dee and Alderman Paris, J.P. (Judges).

MANCHESTER A!\TD SALFORD CORPs.-About -00 members of the Manchester and Salford Corps paraded

Drum-head ::,cn'icc held 'l.t Stydd Church, Ribchester, which tands on the site of the Old Hospital of the Order of St. J ohn.

Fleetwood British Legion l\Iilitary Band) and prior to marching f rom the inspection grounds to the headquarters a wreath was placed on the War Memorial by Col. Trimble. The Chairman of the Council decorated Supt. Stunner, Thornton Division, with the service medal of the Order. LIV ERPOOL.-Because he realised his helplessness as an eye-wiLness of a street accident thirty-one years ago, Mr. John Roberts straightaway joined the St. John Ambulance Brigade. Recently his services as Association Secretary were recognised by a complimentary luncheon and by presentations to himself and his wife. Fo r three years Mr. Robe r ts had charge of the male staff of Liverpool Merchants' Mobile Hospital in France

under Corps Supt. Naylor for the Annual Inspection, which was conducted by Dr. N . Corbet Fletcher, Assistant Surgeon in Chief, at the headquarters of the R. A .M.C. (T.A.) Manchester. The Assistant Surgeon in Chief was accompanied by Commissioner \tV. G. Smith, O.RE.) Col. Trimble, C.B.) c.l\I.G., the Lord l\Iayor (Ald. \tVm. Walker), and the Lady Mayoress (Mrs. Davidson Peattie), and the procesion from the Town Hall was headed by the band of the R.A.l\I.C. (T.A.). NELSON.-Asst. Commissioner F. de B. Pim inspected the 1 elson and District Ambulance and ursing Unitbefore a large crowd of spectators at the Westfi eld 1 [ission Sports Ground. The members of the Nelson Corps rendered admir-

FIR S T

able seryice on the occa ion of the annual unday School processions, when many spectators had to receive attention o\\'ino' Lo the exce sive heat. POULTOX-LE-FYLDE.-\Vith upt. Arthur Dyer in command, the newly-formed Poulton Division was in pected by Col. Trimble in the beautiful grounds of the Baines Grammar chool, kindly placed at their di posal by the Goyernors and the Headmaster. Boy couts from the Grammar School Troop acted as patients and the members and friends "were aftenvards entertained to tea by the Headmaster, l\1r. F. J. Stafford, l\I.A. PREscoT.-The South-\Vest Lancashire Corps and Diyisions of the Brigade held their Annual Review and In pection on Prescot Cables football ground. Commis ioner \iV. G. Smith, O.B.E., took the salute at the march past and after a display of first aid the \Vigan Corps gaYe an exhibition of platoon drill. RIBCIIESTER.-Over 300 Ambulance men, Nursing Sisters) and Cadets attended a drum-head service, which was probably unique in the history of the o. IV District, for it was on the site of the old Hospital of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, and the church was built by the Knights Hospitallers of Wakefield in 1136. Stydd Church, at which the service was held, is itself one of the oldest structures in Lancashire, and thought small it is extremely interesting. There are many things of interest to captivate the antiquarian. The aim of the Knights Hospitallers was to help the sick and destitute among those who made the perilous pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and for this purpose the hospital was built at Ribchester about the time of the Crusades. The idea of the seryice originated with the Preston Corps, under Corps Supt. Capt. E. F. ~Iillington; Corps Secretary Mr. J. A. Lendrum) and the Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. A. Ho,,"ard, RRC. The Preston Corps) Blackburn Corps, Haslingden B Division, Lancaster, Chorley and \iVhaUey Divisions were represented) and also Preston Boy and Girl Cadets. The Mayor of Preston) Alderman T. H. C. Derham) who is the Corps Surgeon) and the l\Iayoress, the Lady vice-President) attended with Sir James and Lady Openshaw. Sir Alfred Howarth (Town Clerk of Preston), Mr. J. P. Ker-Watson (Chief Constable of Preston), 1\1r. VV. G. Smith) O.B.E. (the District Commissioner), 1\1r. J. H. Cleal (District Secretary)) Mr. H. B. Brierley (S.B. Centre Secretary, Preston Centre S.J.A.A.)) ex-Corps Supt. A. Howard, (S.B.») Mr. S. Swanton (S.B.), and other prominent Preston people and officers of the Brigade The Rev. S. Sidebottom) Rector of Ribch ester, conducted the drum-head service, and Canon J. E. W. Wallis, Vicar of Preston, was the preacher. The Mayor read the lessons. The collection, which realised £20) will be divided between the Stydd Church funds and the Ophthalmic Hospital of the Order in Jerusalem.

No. VIII. (Duke of Connaught's) District. Sussex and Surrey units of the Brigade were inspected at Brighton. Nearly 1,500 men, women and Cadets participated in the review) the subsequent march past, with Lieut.-General Sir Aylmer Hunter-Weston, Chancellor of the Order of St. John, at the saluting base, being singularly impressive. Among the other distinguished visitors were Commissioner E. A. Richards, Major W. H. F. Noble (Assistant Commissioner), Countess Brassey (Lady District Officer?

A I D.

August, 1933.

Sussex), Lady Peters (Lady District Officer) Surrey), Major P. G. Darvil-Smith (Secretary of the .J..n. and Chief Staff Officer), and Lady IIunter-Weston. At a luncheon at the Royal Pavilioll, the 1ayor of Brighton (Councillor F. G. Beal), \Vh? preside~l, r~ marked that Su sex and Surrey were dOing splendidly In ambulance work. Tn 1932 Sus ex had twelve and urrey sixteen motor ambulances, and bet\\'een them removeci 6,770 invalids 01'('1" 96)000 mile. They also dealt wi th 2,152 road accident, and to help in this branch of their work they had erected ten road ide huts and twenty fir laid boxes. The 32-1- members of the Nursing Divisions made 1,022 voluntary attendances at local hospitals, and assi ted in the removal of 799 female patients. peaking at a tea gil en to the visitors at the Corn Exchange, ir Aylmer Hunter-\Ve ton aiel: "I came to Brio'hton \vith a "ery high standard in my mind. To-day you ha,'e equalled) and even surpassed) your former hi~h standard of smartness and efficiency, and I give you my heartiest congratulations." HORLEY.-A thrilling re:,Clle scene \\as stageel on aturday, July 15th, in tatiol1 Road, IT [n'ley, \\ hen shoppers were startled to sec the t\\'o amhulance of th' Horley Divi ion cl~ h down the street and pull up outsid(! the Gatwick Hotel. Three members of the Di\'i ion wearing "Sah'os" oxygen-breathing apparatu, dashed into the hotel and within a few moments \\'e rc seen lifting- an tlnconsciou. man through the \\'indow on to the flat rooi. Ill' \\'as speedily dressed in the special jacht and liie-line, u ed on these occasions, and lowered to the street. 1lefl; h e was reviyed by the use of the 1\0\ ox" ('X) g-en apparatus and artificial re pi ration and on rlCll\ cry loaded into the ambulance read\, for re 111 (I\'a 1. The smiling face of the patient (),lr'- C. Edmunds) and his assistant eMr. J. Orsborne) cOlwinced the large crowd assembled that thi \\'as only a display. Despite the fact that a rehea r al was impos !blc the whole affair was carried through \\ ithout a hitch. The display "vas in charge of Diy. ,upt. J. .~. IIannam , assisted by Amb. Officer C. Jenning- , and the gas mask crew, Ptes. Lucas) Cook, and King-. The ambulance, were in charge of Transport Offieer D. Rohinson) assisted by Driver C. Bartlett and Tursing- Sisters Tyrrell and J upp. The" ovox" oxygen apparatus and jacket and life-line are part of ambulance equipment, while the gas masks are the type used by the Horley Fire Brigade. I.

TEWlIAVEN.-Formed in 1929 with a membership of twelve, the ewhaven Division continues to progress and its members, which now number twenty, have all been provided with regulation uniforms and equipment. Towards the cost of the uniforms and equipment two flag days have been held, and £26 was raised on each occasion. Each year the sum of £S has been forwarded to headquarters for the District Fund. A first-aid box with stretcher has recently been placed in Bridge Street and has already been made use of. Also a first-aid box with requisites has been provided for llse on the East Side beach; while a bell tent with first-aid box) camp beel and stretcher has been obtained for usc in connection with outdoor events, such as local sports. At the recen t examinations all the Brigade members gained the qualifying award) and during last quarter they have assisted in the removal of thirty cases by motor ambulance.

August, 1935.

F 1 .Et S 'f

This was arranged by the energetic and keen 'u[Jerintenc\enl of the Beceles Division, S.].A.B. (Supl. \\. C. 'vValls). About a hundred S.J.A.B. men and es, Boy and Girl Cadets from Great Yarmouth) Corlcston and Beccles, and Red Cross men from Hales\\ orth "ere present. As the J nspecting Ofilcer (lIaj or II. MacEwan) 1 .F.e., T.D., ~l.B., Ch.B.) Assistant Commissioner S.} .A.B.), supported by Lady District Supt. Mrs. S. Porter, District Officers J. E. Death and F. E. 1 ethercoat arriHc\, the gcneral alute was given by the bugle band of the Beecles Diyisiol1) after \\ hich the units marched pCl'it l11 fine style. The parade was then dismissed for the differcnt tcams to treat YariOllS cases of .. inj ury," Cadets actina as paticnts and men of the S.J.A.B. and Red Cross ren~ derine: first aid. ThL' .. paticl1ts .. were. scattered among-st the bracken ~1)' J~r. \Varnl'r, oi IlccciLs, and the quads, after searchIn,!.; lor aJl(1 treatln:,( the cases) carried them on stretcher:> to the rlearim; station (Dr. \\ 'a rner in charge) and finally to the" Field IIopital .. \\ hich was pitched in a and-pit with Lady . u(lt. }'Ir. Self, of the Beccles ~ 'l1r~ing- D ivi iOIl! in charge. After lUllch the nurse took their share of treatino' ·ct. e~, which were then \.'o!weyed to the field ho pita! no\\ ill rhar!.;c oi the Cirl Cadets. ' Supt. 11 . . '. O~k 'by was ill charge of the Great Yarllllluth mell.. whiJ..,t '\fr. R. A. Eastoc, \'ice-Chairman (If the Yarmotlth Di\ i ion) \Va' al'o prc cnt. The J1l'cck~ ambulance car had ItS share of work in C( Jl\ eyill~' the .. l110re .:crious case .. to hospital. Opt'ratioll~ wcre interrupted at interyals by heavy 1()\\ crs, hut it ill r ll'<t a \'c ry pleasant day was concluder! by the dctachll1(l1tc; "\! iting- .outhwolcJ for the evening.

l'!ur

,olice J\mbulance :News. CITY OF LONDON POLICE RESERVE. The summer months always being our quietest part of the year is my excuse for the non-appearance of the usual report in the July issue of FIRST AID, and must obviously aCC0unt for thE' somewhat shortened one in this present issue. On Friday, July 21st, I had the privilege of attending as a candidate at the Investiture of the Venerable Order of Sl. John of Jerusa lem. The ceremony was indeed most im-

~ TORTI[ \\·,\l."I I ,\~r.- On July 23rd the new ambulance of the :\flr+h \\ alhalll Division \\ as dcdicated by the \T: car (tht RL\ . 1'. \. Chase) in the prcsence of a large cro\\'d. .Th~lsc: pre. l'llt in~ltlded the C()mlllissioner) '\lajor J. I'. C. I [ossark, ,\11.. Ilo ' ack. ,\s t. Commissioner J'. II. Barclay, )'1r. John Dixon (President of the J )i\'i~ioll), Lt. C{)\. F. E. \\-a1ter, D . . 0., and 11rs. "Walter (Colllmanda nt. \T .•\.D. ). members of th~ Corporation anJ other local hflclic ', Officers present \\ ere: upl. G. B. Ftt!lcr (.:\'orth \\'alsham), Supt. R. L. Randall) Amb. Officers T. L. Randall and F. Carter (Cromer), Dr. A. G. Holman, and, urt. P. D. Partridge (Aylsham). The en'ice 'las held in the ),Iarket Place the band of the alyation rmy accompanying the singing. The Re\". F. P. Basden (Col1 cy regational Church) read the lesson. ~lajor Hossacks gave an impressive address, pointing nut the exccllent work carried out by the Brigade and the

B.R.es.

During his peech a practical demonstration of the value of the \\ ork done was seen) when the drummer of the band fainted. IIe was promptly and efficiently attended to by membel s of the Brigade. Follo\\'ing the Commissioner's addre s the Vicar dedica ted the ambulance.

.. ~e)'ll1outh St. John ,\mbu1ance Brigade and ursing D1\'lslons held "l fla g day on Saturday, August 12th.

No. X. District. It was a fine spectacle to see detachments of the S.J.A.B. and RC.S. assembled on parade amongst the bracken and flowering heather on Westleton Common, Blythburgh, on July 16th/ for a Field Day and Inspection,

AID.

The dealh of Corps Supl. E. Greenwood, S.J.A. B., caused deep regret among ambulance workers in Burnley, where he was held in high esleem.

Commander C. G. Emery, the energetic Secretary of the Ambulance Section of the City of London Police Resen·e. pressive, and I am sure I shall very highly cherish the memory ?f it. I belie\'e I was the only representative of (be SpeCial Constabulary, but there were representatives of the Provincial Forces (Chief Con tables), and one from the l\letropolitan Police in the pecon of S. D. Inspector \Varren of "K" Division, a friend of mine, who preceded me in the ceremony. It was an unexpected pleasure to meet him there, and 1 am sure the whole of the Metropolitan Police Force rnust he rightfully proud of the honour conferred upon him. Our continuation classes are still well attended, despite the holiday season and the unusually hot weather. In carrying out the instructions of our Chief T-Iledical Officer,

FIRST

~aptain .-i.. C. White Knox, 1\1. c., 1\1. B., 1 am highly pleased with the enthusiasm sh?\vn by those men de:'eloping their talent as lecturers and lI1struclors. In partlcu~ar I must mention one of our keeneslmen, lr. A. G. Churchdl, who ha been lecturing and demon trating at the last tw.o practices. It is always ~ difficul~ matter to hO.ld an audIence with ,,·hal to some IS a particular dry ubJect, but he certainlY must have a special aptitude for it ; and our ~1. 0 \\'ho ca"me upon the scene on the last occasion. was 1:10sL fa\'ourably impressed with the \\'ar he handl~d hIS s U?Je ~t, and his comprehen i,'e knowledge of first atd, both In tt s theory and practice. . . :\lany others are follo wing him closely 111 t hiS respect, and it is a pleasure to me to know that these I:l~n of the continuation classes are ah\'ays so helpful and wdhng to do anything to contribute to the efficiencr of flrst aid and ambulance work which is of so great Importance to any man \"earing a' police uniform either in the Cit)' or the :\letropolis. CECIL G. E;\[ERY, Commander alld Hun. Sec.

Lectures in Elementary Anatomy.'*' By A DOCTOR. SURFACE l\IARKINGS OF THE ABDOJ\IEN.

FOR convenience in describing the situation of the various abdominal organs, the adbomen is divided into nine regions by means of vertical and horizontal lines. The vertical lines are drawn upwards from the centre of the Inguinal ligament (this ligament stretches from the anterior superior spine of the Ilium to the pubic tubercle). The transverse I ines are drawn horizontall y , the upper one between the lowest points of the tenth costal arches, the lower one between the tubercles marking the most prominent pain ts of each iliac crest. Nine regions are thus mapped out, the middle row from above downwards are named: 1. Epigastric. 2. Umbilical. 3. Hypogastric. In each lateral row from above downwards we have: 1. Right and left Hypochondriac. 2. Ri ght and left Lum bar. 3. Right and left Iliac. The positions of the various abdominal organs are rou ghly as follows: Right Hypochondriac Region: The hepatic fiexture of the colon.

* Reprinted by Hospital World.

co urt~<;y

of th\:; 11'1:sh NU1'Sing

and

A I U.

August, t 933.

Most of the right lobe of the liver. Part of the right kidney. Right Lumbar Region: Part of the right kidney. Ascending colon. Part o( the Ileum (sometimes). Right Iliac Region: End of the Ileum. Caecum. Appendix. Epigastric Region: Part of the liver. Gall-bladder. Part of the stomach. Pancreas. Upper end of the spleen. Parts of both kid neys. Umbilical Region: Transverse colon. Third part of the duodenum. Coils of small inlestine. Part of the stomach. Hypogastric R eg ion: Small intestine, part of large i n te~tine. Bladder (if distended). Left IIypochondriac Region; Part of stomach, splenic fiexure of the colon. 'rail of the pancreas, most of the ~pleen, r art of the left kidney. Left Lumber Region: Part of the left kidney, descending colon, part of the small intestine. Left II iac Region: Coils of small intestine, part of large intestine. The Gall-bladder if distended can be felt at a point opposite the ninth costal cartilage, normall y it cannot be felt. The lower edge o[ the Liver usually coincides with the margin of the ribs in the mammary line , in the middle line it is usually a hand' breadth below the xiphoid, but this varies considerably even in health. The Spleen lies along the 9th, 10th and 11th ribs posteriorly, a normal spleen is not pal pable. The Kidneys.-Each kidney lies partly in the epigastric and partly in the hypochondriac regions , the right kidney lies partly in the lumbar region as well. The lower end of the right kidney is abou t one inch above the umbilicus, the left is half an inch higher, the lower end of each is about three inches from the middle line. Posterior Relarions of the l{'idneys.-Abou t one-third of each kidney lies above the last rib, the upper end of the right kidney is at the level of the eleventh dorsal spine, its lower end reaches to about one inch above the iliac crest, the left kidney is about half an inch higher.

August, 1933.

FIRST

A I D.

Przory for Wales. . \\ll lL'LM:<"E \\'ORK J\T 'IIIE ROY.\L WELSH SIIOW.

.\.., in fonner years, lhe ambulance compelitions and lir~l aid pro\ isione, al the R oyal \Vel s h Ag-ricultural Society'S annual 5ho\\ al .\her) st w)'th were organised by the Priory fllr \\'a les, whllse Prin cipa l 'ecretary (the Hon. John H. Bruce) was appointed lo tile ofTice of Honorary Director of .\1l1bulance. The occ<le,ion presenled an excellenl opportunity for lesLing the ellicil'ncy of lhe newly-formed Aberystwyth :\ursing Di\ isinn, the members of which were in charge of llnL' l)f the t\\'o IIrsl aid le:Jt erected on the grounds, which \\' ~'rL' patrl)IIL'd h) 1. ] ohn l1l~n ; amI at the other tent me1l1bl.'r:-. of the l\ll. VI 'ardigan D etachment of lhe British Red Cn)" Sllciet) wcre in attendance. The ample pro\'i ion ' 1l1ath· \\ere by no means unnecessary. '0 Ie than 130 l'ase" \\l're attended during lhe three days and a number of the injuriv; werc of ..,uch a ser iou s nature that the ambulance car ",hil'll is maintained and run by the ,\berystw)'th Divi:- i,1I1 ",a" called Upl)n lo rel1l0\ c se\'c ra l ca..,es to either home ur IhI pita!. Till jlldge~ fl)r lh~ lllree Ll)11lpetitiuns ""ere Dr. J. 1.

in front of the grand stand; and expressed the gratitude of the Priory for Wal es to the Council of the ociety and the Secretary (Capt. T. A. Howson) for the encouragement afforded to ambulance workers by their in c lusio n of ambulance competitions in the programme of the annual show. Lord Lisburne thanked the first aid workers for the services rendered on the ground.

1 ID-RHONDDA CORPS !l\'SPECTlOl\' . The annual inspect ion of the Mid-Rhondda Corps took place on Saturday, July 22nd, at the ;\1id-Rh ond da Athletic Ground, the inspectin g officer being the Deputy Commissioner for "Vales, 1\1r. A. G. E. J. Fudge, who was assisted by the Centre Commissioner CapL. T. E. Richards and Assistant Commissio ner G. \t\'. Payne. The following di\'isions assembled on the De- \Vinton Field and marched through lhe town lo the Mid-Rhondda Grounds, headed by the Uwrnpia and District Prize Flu te Band :Tonypandy Police (Supt. L. J. Beirne), Ystrad Rh on dda (Supt. . H. 10rgan), Cambrian Colliery (Supt. G. Edward ), Na\'al Collieries and P enyraig Distri ct (Supt. T.

Bargoed St. John V.A. D. (Glam. 256). \\'il"ol1 (Tr~c) non) and Dr. ·W . G. \Villiam (Cardiff); and lh~ followi ng- teams pro\ ed successful : Class J ih- r Challenge Shi eld for Ien. - 1, 1\lonmoulh"hire Conslabulary ; 2, Brecl-mock hire Constabulary. Class 2 ih'er Challenge Cup for \Vomen.-1, V.A.D. No. 24 lontg-om ery, B. R.C.S. ; 2, V.A . D. No.6 Cardigan, B.R.C.S. , Class 3 "[\rnallt ] ones" hield for St. ] ohn Boy Cac1ets.-1, FishguarU and Goodwick Cadets Division. The presentation of the trophies and prizes was perfOrt.ned. by the Counte of Lisburne before a large gathering \::htch lI1c1uded lhe Pre ident of the how (the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Li ' ourne), lh e Han. Director of Ambulance the Ch~e! Constable (Mr. Steven Jone ), the Judges and CompetitIO n Secretary (1\1r. W. Mabon Abraham). The Hon. John Bruce addressed the competitors, who were lined up

Rees}, Llwynpia (Supt. D. O. William), Blaenclydach Colliery (Supt. L. Thomas) , Cambrian ursing (Supt. Miss 1\1. Jenkins), Llwynpia Tursing (Supt. ;\lrs. O. Payne), Llwynpia Cadet I ursing (Acting Supt. Mis Ahraham), Uw}npia Cadet Ambulance (Supt. T. ]. Furber), and Ystrad Rhondda Cadet Ambulance (Actil1g Supt. C. Horler). lr. Fudge paid high tribute to the officers of the corps and divisions for the splendid parade, and deemed it an honour to visit the Rhondda to inspect such a noble band of ambulance worker. Sir Rhys "Villiams, Bart., D.S.O. (Pre ident of the Corps), who was accompanied by Lady \Villiams, Lady President of the Boroug'h of Rhondda Centre, on being informed that the Rhondda comprised one tenth of the strength of the Brigade in "Vales, and that the number pre-

FIR S T L'nt greatly exceeded th;lt at Ia l y ar's inspection, urged al

year's in pection would be more than double the number. .\ sen'ice medal for 15 years' eAlcicnl sen'ice in the Brigade was presented by Sir Rhy ' 'Williams to Divi ional ~e 'retary \V, D, J one, The f Ilowing- ,,'ere also pre ent at th inspection:Corps upt. Idris Daxies, Corps Secretary \\', R, ~latthe,ys, Corps Treasurer J. Thoma , Corps 1nspector of tares \\1, 1- Ledbury, :'.lr. 1. J, Beirne, and In pector G\\'ilylll Williams. O PE' CO;\Il'ETlTIO!\'.

The Ffaldau Institute and Gan,' Di\'is ion ha\'e decided to hold the Second :\n n ual 0 pen Com petition on Septem ber 30th, at the .,\mbulance Hall, PontycYl11ll1er, Glam. The contest is open to teams of men hOldit;g'a t. John Certifi..:ate and entries must be recei"ed by Di\'i ional Secretary A, E. Lo\esy, ~-t, The :\\'enue, Pontycymmer not later than :'.Ionday, eptembe r 25th. Prizes are offered for the first three team, \'iz., 1st, Sih'er Challenge Cup and £-t cash; 2nd, £'2 lOs, ; 3rd, £1 tos, CO~TI:\,UEn

August , 1933.

August, 1933.

F I RS1

A I D.

pr('~cnt, especially the boy and girl cadets, to bring a friend llr LWO all1n~' with them to the Di\'i ion in order that next

FORlIICO:'lIi\'(~

AID.

PROGRESS I:\, CADET DE\'ELOPME:\,T.

The Priory is particularly proud of the fact that there are in \\'ales more than one-third of the Cadets of the whole Empire-a happy state of affairs attributable almost entirely to the impetus created by the financial assistance recei\'ed from the Pilgrim Tru t. \Vhen the final in talment of the initial grant of ,£2,000 was expended at the end of 193(; there remained a large number of applications for participation; and the Trustees fa\'ourably considered a further application and awarded a second grant of £750 on the understanding that a similar condition \,"ould be put into practice as in the expenditure of the £2,000, viz., that onethird of the amount required by each Unit must be raised locally. The positIOn at the end of June sho,,'ed that 1,873 Cadets had been put into uniform, and of the £2,500 recei"ed the expenditure totalled £2,345, ".. hile in addition there were orders on hand for another sixty uniforms. These fig-ures sho,,' that there is no difficulty in recruitment, and it is likely that the final instalment of £250 in September will not absorb the capacity to earn grants nor satisfy the enthusiasm of the senior Divisions to provide supplementary 'C nits of Cadets. H. R. H. the Prince of Wales took a Yen' keen interest in the Cadets who lined the interior of the Cit;· Hall on the occasion of his "isit to Cardiff on :'.Iay 16th j and in his remarks at the Investiture, His Royal Hi~hness the Prior said : "Youth, too, is strongly attracted to useful se1£equipment in proficiency; and a smartness in uniform has its counterpart in physical, mental and moral se1£respect. " It is nol strange then that our Cadet Movement has responded to the wonderful stimulus imparted by Pilgrim Trust grants, whereby the boy and girl-caught young-is carried by uccessive stages into a lifetime of Ambulance endea\'our and usefulness, For, there is no break in continuity from first to last, and the ll-year old recruit can perform a lifetime of service, growing old in the black and white service-kit of a citizen volunteer." BARGOED ST, JOliN V.A.D. (GLA;\l. 256) . The Bargoed V.A,D" which has an excellent record as a ;\'ursing Division of the Brigade, is equally efficient as a detachment reg-istered at the War Ofllce for service in case National emergency. Its Commandant, l\lrs. S. B. Turner, has been recently promoted to the rank of Lady Corps Superintendant as a ",ell deserved recognition of her able leadership and unflagging devotion .

An Opportunity for Service. THE Legion of Frontiersmen is \\'ell kno\"ll as an orgainisalion of old colonials and old oldicrs, with units in the British I les and throughout the Empire, ;'\ Iost of thl:ir 1l1l:111bcrs, by v irtue of their overseas en'icc, hm'e a rough and ready idea of how to deal ",;th sudden illness, an idcnt or \\ ounds, but the Commandant General has no\\' uccickd that First Aid shall be included as a definite part of their training-, An influential :'Iledical en ices .\cl\ ison Comlllill~e ha been set up to ad\'ise Leg-ion Headquarters in first aid and ambulance matters, and tl) lay do\\ n the scope of instruction and the syllabus for the LJualif) ing- e\.;t1l1ination for the Proflcienc), ertificate . Surgeons of Frontier men units will undcrlclke thl: supen'i ion of training, and the Principal :'Ilcdic,d OfTicer of the Legion has ad\'ied them that the) llla: iIl\ ite the help of certain trained persol~c;, not mcmbL'rs of the Legion, to act as Ambulance In tructors for pradical work. uch trained per ons may be : 1, \\'.O.'s and ',CO,'s, R,A,l\LC, 1'.A. 2. Officers (non-medical) amI ;\',CO.'s, S,J._\,B, 3. Officers (non-medical) and :\. C O. 's, B. R, C V.A.D. -to Other trained persons if apppnwcu b} P, :'II, 0, Ambulance men ban! ah\'ays hCl:n \\'illin;.: to ;.:iu: up their time to help teach those \\ ho ar~ :lnXil111s ll) bel"l1tlll: proficient in the subjecl ; and the Leg'ion (1f Fn)ntiersll'en would be grateful for such help, 1\1en at home and abroad who are prcpared ttl all as Ambulance In tructors should write Il) the P,:'.L 0" Thl: Legion of Frontiersmen, Imperial Ileadquartcrs, 32, Cra\"ll)street, Strand, LondolJ, \V. C 2. ,\11 offers will he gladh accepted, and they will be placed in louch with the nearcst Legion :'.1. O.

------- .-- .-----

Simplified Home Nursing Couple ts . NECESSARI Ql;,\LlFIcxno:\,s

OF .\

;\'CRSI£. ·

RELIABLE I must al\\ ays be, to folIo\\" instructions faithfully. OBSER\'ANT-.-\ny change to note, !->l' to uoctor I can quote. CONSCIENTIOe'S in e\er)" for111 , all my dUlies to perform. LOYAL to doctor taking care, that 111y faith the patient share. SELF COl TROL I musL exercise, using tael is always wise. RESOURCEFUL in emergency, no danger must Illy patient see. SYMPATHETIC La understand, to my patient lend a hand. GOOD TEMPER~O A!\,D CIlEERFUL, make IJO mistake, A nurseyou can be, if pains you will take. SOURCES OF WORRY TO 1'111£ P,\TIENT. Don't be Noisy, guard your tongue, Don't slam doors, or clatter along-. Don't be too Quiet, for sudden surprise A nervous patient, sorely Lries. Don't be too Fussy, tor details bore, J ust reasonably TacLjul, noth ing 111 are, A/ S Knight, Notti ngham .

R atlway Ambulance News. - - - - --- - --------London, Midland and Scottish . L 'TEH ,,\TID "\L A;\lBl'L.\.'CE CO;\Il'ETITION, 1933,--The Jlltcmat10nal \mbulancc Compctition was hcld in the 't. .\lIdrc\\' ·~ \1l1i>ulancc Association headquarters, Glasgow, \\ hUl thc three leading" tl<1111S in each of the Company's 1o'111al l f)1llpclitic)11' in Scotland and EngJanel and \Vales tuok parI. Tht: j lldges wcre Drs, H. A. Lennie and ]. Jellkins Robl), .Ind the result \\ as announced by the l'l'airlllCln as fClllc)'.\s: 1, ).Ianchestcr (:\Iayfield), 34n point ; 2. Carlisle. 337 ~; 3: Linrpool D.G,:'I.O., 308, 4, 1)l1nclu', 2C)4; 51 ':'Ios end, 294; 6, Eglinton Street (( ;la . . go\\ ). 2861. .\Ir. l~er pre iJed 0\'1.,1' the proceedings and in the l"llll,~C' lit his remarks made rcierence to lhe splendid \\ ork oi .hL amhulancc 1110\,emellt'. The CtlP and prizL'_ "ere \"(~ry g-raciously presented tu the .\lanehc . . lLr and Carilsle teams hy Mrs, Ker. \\'ho, ill rl'~pOllSe to thallk for her pre 'L 11ce' at the cOll1pctitiol1, tatLd that she wa;, a 1\\ a~ pleased to attend thl: allllmlanl ( illllction, .. 0'1 aCC<ll1l1t oi her great adl111ratioll ff)r the \\'ork During th prog-r': () r thc competition and at the prilt di!:'triblltiol1 1\1r. and ':'1L. Ku \\'ere ,upported hy a number of the member' ot the. 'co~tih Local Committee all I officcrs. \'o[e;; !If thank wcrc accl)nkd to the judges and to the. ~t. l\lldn"'~ ,\ mblllance ,\ sClciatiUJl for the arrangemc'lt lll~.dc lor the CI)1Jl]lC'titiol1. ,[,hest wcrc responded to hy Dr. J. J cnkills Rnbl> and :\lr. \\"ellwood Ferguson,

BIl·~l1. I.II.\~L • '/:\\ TREET ST,\TIO. ".--.\t the Annual ni trillllti n of .\lI1hl1lancc ,Awards , the Cla s President, :\Ir. J. F. Brook (lJi.tril"t l)asscnger .\lanager), presickd, llpporLul hy .'IlL \V. D. helton (District Controller), Dr. \\' P. i\. Line ll'lass Lecturer), and '\Ir. J. E, :'Tatthews (J)i tnL"l l\mbulance Secrcta ry), '\1r. nlIlCJk, in expressing his pleasure at being prel:nt. said h \\ as particularly proud of Sl1Cll splendid reslllt.;; that had heen attained hy the CIa's during the }last ... c . . sioll. and he paid a I'cry "arm tribute to the "tillable services rendered to the Class by Dr. Line. In rcplying to the hearty response by \\'hich thc Chairlllan\ rcmark: "ere receiYed, Dr. Line said that he iclt _lire t hat they Olle amI all) realised the great loss that the ilrst aid I1l0ye111l:nt had sustained by the death of their Class ~ccrdary, Mr. E, Bedford) and he appealed to the l1lcl11hl'rs to keep the memory of a devoted life e\'cr fresh by doing all they could to continue to assist in the extension of the work in which he had been so successful. Ml'. Andrews (Assistant Clas Secretary) in anllfltlllCing- the results, said that eighty-one membcrs hac! sat for the l'xamination and the results obtained reflected the utmost credit to all concerned. Mr. Shelton in making thc presentations said hc tlSsurccJ them it would be his pleasure to at all times do all in his power to fOr\vard the ,,'ork in \\'hich they wcre so intercsted and for \\ hieh they were prcparcd to devote ~o ~11uch of their leisure timc. A particularly touching l11Cldent dnring the presentations was the standing of all prescnt \\hcn thc late Secretar)'s son came forward to receivc his father's award.

1n the few appreciative remarks 011 the work done by the Class) ':'Ir. ':'Iatthews specially mentioned that a letter had been received from the Chief Constable of Eycsham on the efficient manner that artificial respiration had been rendercd by the brothers Moore, during a recent visit to that town. A vote of thanks to the Chairman and ':'Ir. Shelton, ]>ropos(;<1 by i\Ir. Andrews and scconded by Mr. C. \\'. '\Iu SOll (Class Instructor) terminated the proceedings. CLD\\'URTII.--Thc prc entation of ambulance awards gained at the reccnt Class \\ as held on July 8th. The members of the Class gave the Lecturer) Dr. Taylor, a smoking cabinet in appreciation of his valuable sen'ices during Lhe past session, The Secretary} l\Ir. Hunn, and the Instructor, :'Ir. Hill, were presented with all umbrella each by the Class members. Am bulancc practices are held during the summer 1llonths on the first Sunday in the month at 11 a.m. An appeal is made to the staff at Cudworth to support th~ effort s of the organisers. \V.\TFORV TUXcTIox.--The awards for the 1933 examination at \Vatford werc presented on Monday} July 2-tth, by 111". C:;', L. Darbyshire in the Trade Union Hall (hy kind permission of the Committee). ':'1r. Bunker (~tation .\Iaster), occupied the chair and was supported by :\Ir. E. Hope and }Ir. G, S. Hill. The awards comprised 13 youchers) 2 medallions, 33 labels, 2 gold medals for long seryice and one gold bar (25 years). At the ?\oYCl11ber examination 18 gained first year certificates and 3 labels. ;\Ir. Darbyshire congratulated the Class on its grO\\,th since 1928 and hoped it ,yould continue to gain more member. At the close of the proceedings :\1r. Bunker, on behal f of the Class, presented to :\Ir. C. Hopkin, lIon, ~ ecretary) a gold-mounted umbrella in appreciation of hi ,,'ork for the Class.

London and North Eastern. NORTH - EASTERN AREA .

The Annual Meeting of the Centre "'as held at York on J ul)' 30th when delegatcs from the various Districts attended, under the chairman hip of 111'. J. vYillis. The Gencral ecretar), (Capt. Geo. Jackson) presented his annual report} which sho\yed that the work in the Centre was being well maintained under somewhat adyerse circu1llstances. During the session 120 classes had been [armed. They '\"ere Darlington, 19; Hull) 7; Leeds, 10; iI fiddle brough. 19; Newcastle, 42; and York, 23, Examination passed llumbered 2,596} making a gro s total, since the formation of the Centre, of 42,532. The accident returns show that 57,765 cases were attended which brings the aggregate total to 1,458,382. .c\lthollgh the figures show a slight reduction as against pre"ioLls years} bearing in mind the number of remoyals. etc.) \\ hich haye taken place during the past year, they are considered satisfactory.

FIRST

AID.

Dmin cr the year -+ gold medals for 15 years) 10 bars for 20 ) cars. 7 ior 25 years, and 5 for 30 years han been awarded. Death has iust carried away a stalwart in the ambulance cause' in r..lr. John \Nhittle) relief ignalman:1t \Vest Hartlepoo]) to where he had only recently been transferred. For the past eleyen years he had been Secretary of the Tweedmouth Class and in March last \ya presented with a silver watch on his yacating the office owin o' to hi removal. He was interred at vVest IIartlepool,'" when l\le srs. J. Whillis, J. Robertson (Treasurer). and G. C. Renton (Secretary of the Tweedmouth Clas ), attended as representatives of the Cia s. 11L \Vhittle did much to assist the ambulance work. not only on the railway but in and around the Berwick area. a~1d \\ as ready at all times to assist in every pas ible way. The Starbeck CIa s met in good numbers at the \Vorking 1\len's Club on July 29th when Mr .. J. Steel (Yardmaster) pre ided, , 11pported by 1\1r. W. Richards.on (President of the District), }'1r. Harper (Loco. Supenntendent), Dr. Steinbach (Lecturer), Capt. Geo. Jackson (General Secretary). 1\Ir. J. G. Hansell (District Secretary). 1\1r. F. Braith\vaiLe (Class Secretary). and other. Some capital songs. etc., were rendered and Mr. Richardson presented the awards gained at the examination. Capt. Geo. Jackson presente~ Dr. Steinbach wit}1 a silver photograph frame as a slIght token of theIr appreciation of his sen'ices as Lecturer. and cong-ratulated the Cla on their winning the District Shield in the recent competition.

£ettet's

the

~ditot.

We are in no war responsible for the opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondents.- EDITOR.

FRACTURE OF THE SPIKE. DEAR SIR,-

It appears from enquiries which have recently r ached SL. John's Gate that a number of holder,> of St. J Ohl1 First Aid Certificates are in some doubt as to the correct method of dealing with cases of suspected fracture of the spine, the reason b'eing that they ha\'e recei\'ed a copy of ~ circular emanating from the Leeds General Infirmary which urges that" in future, all cases of acrident in which fracture of the spine is suspected. with the exceptio.n of fracture. in the neck be immediately turned on to their faces, .:;uned on their' faces and placed on the stretcher in this position." The Textbook Revision Committee of the St. John Am bulance Association carefully considered this matter when removal in the prone position was first advocated in the British llfedical Journal in February, 1931, and has since discussed it on various occasions with others who advocate it but the Committee is not convinced as to the wisdom of aiLering the treatment laid down in the 38th Edition of Pirst • J id to the 11ljztred. i\lem bers of the medical profession who undertake to lecture and examine for the St. John Ambulance Association should adhere strictly to the contents of its Textbook whatever their personal opinions may be; and likewise holders of St. ] ohn certificates, unless they receive instructions from their employers to the rontrary, \,·ill be expected by the St. John Ambulance Association to disregard instructions as to the rendering of First Aid, emanrlting from other SQurces. Yours faithfully, A. 1. CAlIUSAC. Chief Secretary. St. John's Gate, E. C.t. August 4th, 1933.

August, 19.3.3.

More Views on Competitions. By ;\ CO~IPETITOR. THE

articles which have appeared

recently in

FIRST AID, on the subjects on competitions should

do a great deal t wards raisi ng the standard of competitions generally, but there still remains a number of faults to be corrected beforc we C;ln attain an ideal standard. The writer of a recent article made the ad mirable su agestion that j lIdge~ should get together and undergo a test as c 111petitors . There is no doubt tb.at such a procedure would enable the judge to see the c.liAlcultics that beset the competitor. Competitors themselve an, howcver, make competitions mu 'h more beneficial for themselves, and also the task of the judges much simpler, if they 'w ould only act with a little forethought. 'Vhen will a number of competitor~ learn to say 3.11 that they want to say in as fe\\ words as possible, instead of maki ng long rambling statements'? One can imagine hO\\ the judge mu')t often feel, \vhen perhaps,. ar~cr he h~s been judging for a few hours, and hIS Interest IS beginning to flag, he has to listen to a compet~tor who seems to take a fi~ndish delight in hearing the sound of his own yoice. Then we h,we the competitor who, perhaps, baffied f)r the moment, says something he has already said before, in the hope that the elusive item \\ill come to him in the mean time. A judge once told the com peti tor;., after the judging had finished, that he expected tl) hear the phrase" undo all tigh t clothi ng, et ." once only, instead of which he heard it so oftell that he felt like screaming each time it was mentioned. So much then for the competitor's part of the business. Let us now look at the judges. Fi rst of all we have the man who, having handed you your card, gives you ti me to dige~t its con tests, gives you a smile that always seems to endow you with bareater confidence, and then finds out all you know on that particular subject; answering all 'h "Y es, yes, "anc I "G 0 on, " your statements Wit and who answers all your questions (providing that they are revelant, of course) in a clear, concise manner, which leaves no doubt as to his real meaning. lIe examines all your work thoroughly, and if he sees a mistake he makes no comment upon it, but simply deducts the points that have been lost. On com pletion of the test, he beams upon you once more and bids you" Good-day.)' He gives you a areat sense of security, for he makes one feel that fhey have had a fair deal, and all the points that they have secured have been placed to their cred i t.

August, 193 3.

FIR S T

There is also, unfortunately, another type of judge, He is the kind who will persist in interrupti ng, so that the com petitor's train of thought is being constantly broken. If one happens to make a bl under, he glares at you and says ., Tut, tut," or smiles at you witheringly and grunts " Ugh!" If the com petitor happens to be a little nervous or, perhaps, sensitive, the effect of such actions is to demoralise him completely, with the result that he does not give of his best, and where, perhaps, he may have scored a respectable number of points, he finishes up an abject failure. Perhaps he may vary his methods a little. IIe will keep up a constant Ere of questions, which have very often no bearing on the competition at all, so that, instead of being a test of first aid, it becomes a test of nerves, and it takes an old-stager to withstand the ordeal successfully. To wind up on thc subject of judges. \\lhy arc judges allo\\'cd to award points for items in treatm nt \\ hich do not occur in the Tcxtbook '? It has been hrought to my notice on many occasions that such is the casc, and as recently as the last competit n our team competed in there was a glaring blunder. In one of the individual tests our :\0. 1 had to trcat a rupture I subclavian artery (left), wlIi'l1 he accomplished by digital pressure using his right hane./. I Ie carried out the task admirabl_" ami to LIS onlookers it was a perfect cxh ibi tion of arresti ng ha:-morrhag. I magi IlC his surprise and chagrin, when, on recci\ ing our marking heet, he [ound he had not scored a point. ccording to the doctor" 110 ompiled the te:-.t, be should ha\"e applied pressure with the lelt hand, and fanned tbe patient \\ ith the ",.crld. 1\'0 douht sLIch treatment \\ould be effective but it is not i 11 accordance wi til the ru lcs laid down in the Textbook. A number of team' actually tolc! the doctor that he was wfong when he commented on the fact that ther were using the wrong hand, but he would not be convinced. \\'hat the various ~o. l's said about tbe doctor and the competition in CTeneral, is best left unsaid. The results of such mistakes tends to dampen the ardour of competitors aenerally, and, I venture to say, retard the progress of attainina b . a I11gh standard of efficiency in competitions . One last" grousc. "-Organ isers should see that everythin CT is ready and available for use be[ore the contest starts. It very often occurs that the first t am "on the floor ,. are handicapped, in the sense tbat when they come to look for material it is conspicuous by its absence, and then an official suddenly remembers that he bas left it in such a place and immediately dashes off to recover it. Only a detail perhaps, but rather disconcerting to the team involved. Here, agai n, is an 111 tance of how the first team are handicapped . I n a local com peti tion

A I D.

recently, there was a time test of eighteen minutes, and the team on coming to use the stretcher found it was new; and they could not open it. Four members of the team pulled fratically at the stretcher, which was eventually opened by standing it on its end and jumping on the traverse bars, but not before valuable minutes had been lost. I sincerely hope that organisers of competitions will devote a little interest to these details. One word to ti mekeepers. Please see that all teams finish when they have exhausted the alloted time . There has certainly been a great laxity in this respect recently, especially with the latter teams . There is no doubt that a well organised and conducted competition is a joy to any ambulance man, and I am sure we all hope that before long we shall have reached the pinnacle of perfection in ambulance competitions.-J.D.

Binding Copies of "F. A." KEEP your Copies of FIRST AID clean and tidyhave them bound.

Send your copies for the last Volume (July, 1932, to June, 19.3.3) and we will return same bound in an attractive case of leather cloth, with the title of the publication in gold letters on the front and side and the eight pointed cross on front, for 6s. , post free. Complete Volumes can be supplied at 9s. post free. Binding Cases only, ~s . 9d. post free. Orders should be sent to

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD.,

+6, CANNON STREET, LOl DO~, E,C.4.

Supl. "'. Simmoll' of the Ko. 47 (\Yilio\\- Walk:) Di\i:,ion S.] .. '1.. B., has been admilled as a Sen'ing Brother of the Order of l. John. Under the supervision of Div. upl. T. . r\ppleton, the No. H (,\cton and Hammersmith) Di\'ision S.J ..-\. B., ha\'e formed a motor cycle patrol section. Twenty members 11m0 all-eady joined thi ' 'ection, and a regular !>hifL duty i~ being carried out at week-ends. The Oldhal11 Corps S.J.A.B., Pipe Band ha\e been well in demand at gala ', parades, etc. Any Corp or Di\'isiol1 requiring information a<; to date nlcant hould write to the ol1icer in charge, Amb. Officer T. Ash\\'orth, 16, Vulcanstreet, Oldham, who will be pleased to forward full rarti::ulars.

Does your colleagu e read FIRST AID , if not, s end us his address and w e w ill post him a copy.

FIR S T

The Diagnosis of Poisoning. AnDRic: 'sr:--':G the

Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain recently, :Jlr. G. Roche Lynch, senior fficial anal~"st to the Home Office, emphasised the following points in the diagnosis of poisoning."* 1. :\Iost poisons ,,"hen taking in large ooses will produce symptoms immediately or within a short time of the taking. Even when comparatively small doses are gi\"en, each dose will produce an exacerbation of the sypmtoms, and negatives the popular idea that in slow poisoning the patient slowly dies of gradual weakness. 2. The appearance of sudden acute symptoms in a person of normal health or in stationary bad health is a suspicious fact. There are, of course, exceptions to this. 3. I n a person sufferi ng from some disease a sudden change of the symptoms is suspicious, unless the change is a characteristic of the disease. 4. Poisoning usually occurs in relation to the taking of food, drink, or medicine, and a change of taste may be significant. In an acute attack of food poisoning, which is similar in many respects to some forms of poisoning, you get diarrhcea and vomiting, but the time intervals between the taking of food and the first vomiting is usually six to twelve hours, whereas in poisoning it may begin in as many minutes. 5. Food poisoning generally affects all or nearly all partakers; usually in poisoning there is only one victim. Occasionally one finds multiple poisoning. 6. In many cases the course of the illness is increasing se\"erity and death, or increasing severity, a turning of the corner, followed by a rapid recovery to health, which is much more rapid than in disease.

7. In many medical illnesses one gets warnings and premonitory symptoms-e.g., headache. In poisoning these do not occur. Finally, speaking broadly, there is no single symptoms of poisoning and no definite group of symptoms which are characteristic of poisoning, but on the other hand there is no poison which gives the changing aspects of d'sease, and no disease which gives alJ the features of poisoning in number and sequence. The closest likeness to disease is acute arsenical poisoning, and the closest likeness to poisoning is urcemia in its acute form.

* The C12emist and Druggist, January 21st, p. 69.

A I D.

August, 1933.

3lractical 3loints. The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special reference to good and bad points in Treatment-for inclusion in this Column

DEATII BY .\SI'IRIN POI Ol':ING.

A man, aged 36, who died in hospital, is said to ha\'e told hi::. wif" that he had madc two attcmpts to takc his life. Irc left his home on \\'edn esday night and returned in the early hour::. of the follo\\-ing- morning- \\-ith his clothcs saturated. Apparently he had walked into the ri\'er and had tried to drown him self. Failing in this he powdered 100 aspirin tablets, and swallo\\ eu them.-G. R. Cross Keys.

A curious case of the death of a woman, aged 29, who died following a bruised ankle caused by knocking- it on a perambulatl)r wheel, ,,·as il1Ycstig-<l.ted at an inque~l. Her husband, a telephone engineer, aid that \\ hcn he reached homc he found the baby crying in the perambulator and his wife lying dead on the sitting-room 11001'. She had complained of pain in thc bruised ankk. The doctor said that the patient's death was due to pulmonary embolism, following- c10lling ill the yein of lhe shin and lhat the clot had bccn carried by thc circulation lip inh) the lungs.-R.R., Lee.

DEATH FROi\1

INIJ,\L.\TIO~ ,\5 I'II\"\' 1 \.

A remarkable story about a piece of shrapne l embedded in a man's li\·cr that cau cd death by -uffocation was related at an inquest. The patient sen'ed in France ,,,ith a Canadian regiment during the \Yar, and \\"a wounded. IIearing groans duriag the night, the deceased man's brother found him lying on the /1oor, and when a doctor arrivcd he was dad. During- the po t-mortem e'(an:ination, thc pathologi."t discovered a piece of shrapnel in the deceased's lin:!r, and stated that this had apparently bmugh on an attack of \'omiting and inhalalion, producing a ph) xia, the cau . . e of death. Recording a \'crJiLt of death from a wound recein:d durin~ the \\,:ar, the coroner remarked that he h,ld ne\"er heard of a healthy )ollng man being sulTocated ill this \~·ay, the \'iolent reAex action, caused b) the \"ol11itin~ owing to the presence of shrapnel in thc liver, having brouf!ht on rcgurgitation.-T. D., Vauxhall.

The annual inspection of the l\len's Detachment of Suffolk 1, B.R.C.S., was held on the \Voodbridge School crickct ground. Dr. "V. F. Fryer was thc inspecting o fTi ccr. 3

•

The 10Y (Hornsey British Legion) Di"isioll, S.].A.B., held a grand fun fair at Crouch End. 1\1rs. C. BrynE', supported by the Mayor of Hornsey, SliPl. Bettisol1 and l\I rs. Bettison, dcclared the fair open.

LOST. -Between the Lyceum Theatre, London, and Cheam, Surrey, on July 28th, a St. J ohl1 medallion No. 40,000 marked "P. E. Costa." Should any reader of this Journal have found same will they please forward to Miss Costa, 32, Palmer's ,\vcn ue, Chcam, Surrey.

August, 1933.

FIR S T

The Lighter Side of First Aid. So:.m years ago I was on duty at th~ '.J.A.B. Fi nals, and was in~tructed to be orderly to a very prom i nen t doctor-j udge. IIis strong weakness, in the competition he was judging, was stopping the axillary artery with a cloth cap, which had to be lying on the Door to be used by the teams for improvisation. Unfortunately I was told to get a cap-but where from? Every male I could see, wore either a bowler or a felt hat, but the doctor was persistent. Standing by the main entrance, I espied a youth who to my JOY had a cap on his head. I decided "ery quickly, I must ha\·e that cap-but how? Luckily the boy said ""\Yhat's on guvner?" to which I replied" A nice entertainment, would you like to see it [or nothing?" Nothing loth in he walked, and I took his cap telling him I \\ ould look after it and he would ee me if he wanted it. '0 far, so good, but the competitors would persist in usi ng a handage instead of a cap much to the doctor's anno\ anee. The last but one team then en terce!, reae! t-he "eard" and used the cap. They had nearly Jin ished when a face peeped into the sc nco This bclonged t the boy, who demande l his ap. I was about to return same \\ hen the doctor asked "\Yhat are YOli doing?" I brief1y explai neu the i rcu mstanees and the boy got hie; ap. But the last team Jid not have a chance of using it. I remember some years ago, I ,,-as doing duty at the Ann uaJ \ Vorld's Fair, Islington, when a man camc to the First Aid Station and asked me for a " bit of wide bandage." I informed him that bandaCTcs could not be given a\\-ay, but that injured person must be brought to the station or a member would go to the patient. Imagine my surprise \\·hen he answered "\Vell it's like this guvner, it's a cow!" I advised a vet. but the man said he could not afford it. So I accompanied him to his side-show where a "freak cow" had rubbed her neck against the side of the stall and caused an abcess about the size of the palm of one's hand. This had broken, so I set to work and treated it in the same way as I should have done for a human being and later left the cow in an apparently more comfortable state of mind. On another occasion, many years ago, two men and myself were making our way home [rom a Uniform Drill when we saw a crowd. There was a boy in a collapsed state . The case was omewhat obstinate, and having constantly been told to I' send for a doctor," off went one of the men for one. The doctor arrived, administered something which soon put the boy right! and then asked " Who is in charge? "

A I D.

\Vel I, being the sen ior with three years' service, I blew o-ut my chest and said, " I am." " \\reIJ," the doctor replied, "I no7.V 'want my fee." I paid it, but ever since that time I have always thought it wiser to send for a Police Officer and leave it to him to settle.-A.J.S .

- - - ._. ----

The Red Cress Ship. There are storms that roar on the midnight shore, ,\nd labours that suffer Ie s ; But a ship appears, with a hope that checrsThe shi~ of the good Red Cross. Deep in the front of the ballle's hrunt, Full 011 the firing lineSee how she shows, like a crimson ro:;e, The marks of her \·alor nne. Help she bcars for a thou. and cares, To sm·e the gold from the dross; Flnshing far in the waste of war The flame of the bright Red Cross.

In time of peace she brings release To millions ,,·110 mourn a~ain ; In hours of need her forces speed, To bind up the wounds of men .. Oh, do you hear, with a gospel clear, The spirit of sen-ice call ? Oh, do } ou find, with a kindred mind, The message she gi\·es to all "! E\'cr to free, rhrough you and me, The world from its albatros Is the bles ing sent, as a acramentThe \\·ork of the bra\'e Red Cros ! -

\\'ILLIA;\[

EBE~ SCHULTZ.

Throughout the period of the Royal Lancashire Agricultural Sh-o\Y at Salford, a St. John .\mbulallce station, in charge of Corps Supt. \,\"" E. 1\'aylor, wa maintained on the showground day and night, and nearly two hundred cases were gi,'en attention. :3

•

The Trans,·aal Branch of the South :Urican Red Cros , acting in collaboration ,,-ilh the Preyention. of Accidents Committce of the Trans\-aal Ch::lmber of ill111es, recently organised a series of ambulancc competitions open to E~ropean and natiye ,yorkers on the mines of the \Yit,,·ater rand. OYer 30,000 persons witne sed the co 111 petitions. TI e same Branch is continuing \\'ith the establishment of first aid po t on certain main roads. Several hundreds?f cases are dealt ,,,ith annually by the yoluntary workers In charge of these posts. The maintenance co ts are defrayed by the Red Cro~s ~oun~il, \\"~1ich is cOI:f~rrin.g ,\·ith the Automobile .\ssoCiatlOl1 With a view to obtamlng Its co-oper(l.I ion in the '(tension of this nct ivity.

FlRST

A 10.

August, 1933 . - - - - ------- - - - - - - - - - - -

Our Nurses' Pages. COMPILED

AMB U LANCE

.. J.A. B. C~IFORlIl.-H. R. II. the Gr<'lnd Prior hel.. santioned the following alteration in uniform : That the grey material for Girl Cadet dresses be the same as for Ambulance Sisters, this alteration tn tOlk errect when the IJfl'sent stock is xhausted.

THE OPTIlADIIC HOSPIT.-\L AT JERUSALElIl.-This hospital which is run by the Order is in need of small shawls made of grey \yool f~r the use of patients. The hospital would be grateful to any member of the Order or the Brigade who could make one or more of these during the summer months, the size to be about -+5 inches long by 30 illches wide. The wool should not be too nne.

No. 1 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B.-Courses of instruction for \\'omen in First Aid to the Injured ha\'c been notified as under : No. 71 (City) Nursing Di\"ision.-Course to commence on \\'ednesday, September 20th, at 6.30 p. m., at \Vinchester House, Old Broad-street, E. C. 2. The lecturer \\'i11 be Capt. Bendix, :'I1.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Fee for the course, including the examination for the S.J. ..'L;-\. certincare, 36. Those \yishing- for further information, or who desire to attend, shuuld apply to Lady Diy. Supr. liss Robinson, 79, Eh~'in-road, Seven -Kings, Essex. No. 73 (Shoredith) Nursing Division.-This course commences on Thursday, September 7th, at 8 p. m., at All Saints' Schools, Li\'ermere-road, Haggerston, E.8. Dr. Ross, :'11. R. C. S., L. R. C. P., will be the lecturer. .-\pplications to attend or for further information should be sent to Lady Div. Supt. Miss Cotton, 15, Park Avenue, \Vood Green, T.22. Fee for the course, including the examination for the S.J._-\.A. certincate, is 3 /6.

BRISTOL NURS[l\'G DI\'ISION, S.J,A. B.-On Friday, June 30th, Miss Lethbridge, C. B. E., Staff Officer to Lady Perrott, R. R.C., Lady Supt.-in-Chief, inspected the members of this Division and of the Cadet Division attached to it, at the request of Lady Perrott. The members were drawn up under Lady Div. Supt. Miss Swanston. After reading a message from Lady Perrott, Miss Lethbridge congratulated those on parade on their smart appearance and on the excellent display of practical work they had given. Later, the Nursing Division, with the Ambulance Di\'isions present, took part in the March Past, Col. G. A. Moore, C. ~1.G., D.S.O., M. D., Assistant Chief Commissioner of the Brigade, taking the salute.

BURNLEY CORPS, S.J,A. B.-When 22 nurses and 3 members of the domestic staff of the Burnley Municipal Hospital were taken ill with ~uspected food poisoning, ten women members of the Burnley Corps and four from Southport Nursing Division, offered their services to the hospital.

CO;\IPETITIOl\' AT NEWTON ArmoT. - Five teams-three from Newton Abbot Nursing Division and two from Torquay

SIST E R.

Nursing Di\'ision-cnte'red for (Ile annual cOlllpetition at the Ambulance Hall, Ne\\ton Ablwt, last Illonth. The \"inning- team was one from l'\\'l\)11 .\hhol, anti consisted of Ambulance SislL'r I rs. Laske)' (lender), and .\t11bulance Sister the l\ lisses Paige, Connertyand Cook. They o'ained 319~ marks. The team securing the second plac-e ~\'as also f~ot11 'e",ton Abbot and was led by Lady .\mbulance Officer :'I[i s Darb), the other members bl.'ing .-\, S. ~ l rs. ~icholl ,A . :'IIi Lavis, nnd .\ Irs. Dre\\,. The marks obtained were 318. .\ team trom Torquny was placed third with 30-+~ marks. The judge \vere Dr. Morton Palmer (Teignll1uuth), Or. ~lcVickers (Kingskers\\'ell), Si ter Tul e (Torha-, Hospital), nnd Sister Taylor ( e\\·ton Abbot J nnrmary). The prize" were kindly distributed h.\ ,\Irs. Ross.

PREC;r01'\ CO~II'ETITIO:\'C;. The cOlllpL'litil1l1S for thL' "\\'oods" Rose BO\\'I, opcn to .\mhulance . islers of :\'ur'iing Di\'isions of Prestt)n, and for the" Tl)ullllin " Cup, fl)r (Iirl Cadets, were held last mon t h. In the senior test, .\Iiss D. Toulmin of the HIgh Sd1l'pl Nursing Division and liss '.1. Fales of the \)-opertttiw Nursing Division tied for first place, and rC]1l'rlt d te~ts mach' no difference to their respecti\'e nwrking-s. TIll')' \\ ill thL'Il'fore hold the bowl for six lIlonths erlch. :'Ilr. Riddell kindly presented a cup, ... imihlr tp the Derham Cup which is o-iyen to the \\ inner l)f the \\'l1l1J:-. Rose BO\\'I, s~ that both ~llbLllanc(' i tcrs \\,crl' t he recipients of a trophy. Cadet Hilda Lee won the Toulmin Cup and the Ilrst Cadet prize, Doris ~[;]'llinson \\'on the seC'l)nc.l Pl-ih', I':\'l'l~ 11 Johnson the third, and .\delinc \\'ondhurn till' f()urt h.

\\'JIITEIIA\-EN Nl'RSI:o.:G D"' I<;JON, .] .. \. n_ Follo\\ ingthe combined Annual lnspection of this Di\'ision and l)f the Ambulance Di\'isions in this district b\ Lieut.-Col. \\'. B. Cockill, T. D., 1\£. D., the County COIllIl1-issioner, which took place on June 24th at the Drill Hall, \Vhitehawn, the members of the ursing Di\'ision gave a \'ery en"icient c.lisplay of t"irst aid. It was supposed that a mother was changing the electric light globe in a bed-sitting-room. To ~o .50 she was standing- on a stepladder. She touched thl" fltLLng and received an electric shock, falling on to her daughter, \\'ho was assisting her. . Hearing the girl scream, the members of the ur Ing Division rushed out to ascertain the cause of the noise, and found the mother suffering from electric hock, and the daughter from a fractu~ed femur. Both injuries were treated correctly and effiCIently. The ambulance sisters also took charge of the dressing sLation and put to bed and gave further aLtention to the "injured," to whom members of the Ambulance Div isions had rendered first aid for various injuries, and had conveyed to the station on stretchers. FIRST AID NURSING YEOMANRY.-H. R. H . Pr incess Alice Countess ot Athlone, inspected the Ambulance C8r Corp~ of the F.A.N.Y., of which she recently bccame President, at Pirbright Camp on August 8th. She was (lCCOI11-

FIRST

August, 193 3.

panied by the Earl 0f .\thlone, and wa met by Major General Gibh, Director of upplies and Transport, War Offlce; j\lajor General E. Evans, lajor General in Charge of Administration, Aldershot Command; and Miss 1. Baxter 1~llis, ol11lllandant of the Corps. .\n excellent di~play of practical work was gi\'en. Il was suppos('d thOl( a main dressing station, during an uncxpected cncmy advance, had fallen back to a point close to the F. ,\.:-\. Y. ambulance. Owing to casualties among the driH'r" of the Geld ambulance, the officer commanding the main drl''ising station borrows some F.A. N. Y. dri\'ers. \'illll'nt L'nL'my shelling- has di~located the capacity and \\ -1'1']": of thl' main dres<,ing c;talion, and so a detachment of Ihe F .. \.N.\'. u,-;e their IllCSS tt'llt as an elllergency dressing 'ilation, until the \1. O. arri\'c'i and order" cOlllplete entcuation. The handling- of the convoys and ambulance \'ans o\'cr \'L' ry ruugh grounJ, the ... hifting of the stretchers and the qui ck C\(';l1 ing llf the \\ alking case" \\'as particularly impre.;;si\·I..' . The whole di"play showed keennes and efficil ' lll \ .

Cu\,:-, for l'fliciency ill utril)us brnnche'i of the work were II. R. II. Princes" .\Iice to the \'ari(Ill " tkta( hIlll'nt 'i which had \\'l)1l them. This :\ursin:,:' Corps still contains many memhers wIll) sen 'ed with tIll' Eng-li~h, BLIg-ian and French armies hetween I( 14 and 1(ljb, and has '-;ectiolls in London, Glasgow, Alder"hot, \;l)rthumbl'rl,lnd and DL'I h\', a suh-section at Ilkle\', .l 1(1 11 til ' Ill'';; in I(cn),a and India: I t has no\\' a stl'L' ng-th ~f m'l' r 2n(). ~ ra('iou"ly presented h)

\ll)IlII.E \11 "nEI~SIlII' OF TIIF V.I\.n., BY t\ ;\[O.\II.F I I.lrdl) an inspl'ctinn of a \T ..\. D. takes placL' hut lhl' insplllin..: l)nicl'r appL'al - for more mobile members. \\' hy arl' \\'l1men, pb\'iously keen on learning how to hl' lp lltlll'rs in sicknL'ss or injury, and probably mo -l eOlcient \\' 11L'n putting their krll1\\ ledgl~ to the practical tl'st, so re lUclant ttl join Ihe nwhik sl'ctil)n l)f the mO\'L'men', though qu ill' willing in llll' majorit.' llf ca<.,L'S to hecome immobile \'.A. D.',, ? "il)Jlll' arl' forn'd h-, circulll"tances to pledgt: thL' llhC'hL'S llnh a" imllll)hill' Illl'mhl'rs. Other ha\'e\arious n' a"lllh, :lnll)l;g \\'hich ilrc II) Iw found the idea that the fll rmalil)n (If thi" set lil)n in snnw \\'a\, or other hr cds a milita nt ~piril and h,tstens \\',tr; fl" tr l)f ~\'hat membership mi;..:ht , ntail should war hreak l)lIt ; nnd dread of the eight days m ilitary training L'\'L'ry thn'l' .' ears. There arl' also those \\ ho put olT making- a decision, a nd, it is feared, they will be very disappointed hould an cnll'rgency arise and th ei.- fellows go fOr\\-ard to take t'leir places in the ranks of those prepared to do what they can, \\' hik the prl)crastinators hcl\e to tand aside for awhile. Those \\ ho think that by joining the V .. \.D. mo\'eIll cnl, or an) part of it, the) \\'ill help to bring the next war nearer, ha\'(~ forgotten that all through life man rrepares himself a~ain t a risk. For instance, he does not \vail fo.ra in or snow before pro\-iding hims If with suitable helter, ~lor, in these da) s, does he wnit for burglary or fire before lns uring that shelter and his possession~. These provision do .not bring any nearer thE' discomfort or 10 s against which he IIlsures himself, but they do g'i\,e him mental ease. . \\Thnt will the V .. \. D. ha\'e to do should an emergency anse and her services be required? imply perform the tas k allotted Lo her, which, with the ho pital and other training she ha had, will no( cOllle hard to her. The expression" Never agnin or it equivalent has been heard more than once since 1918, but if the old Country was in dang-er of attack there would still be patriots clamouring to do. tl:eir bit as in times past, despite former expressions of OpInIon on the matter. Among these would be V . A. D . 's, a large number of which wou ld be anxious then to be mobi le members. But should they not have previously enrolled under that class, they would have to stand on one side until ~I

\1111 H.

A I D.

those who have done so have been given the first chance of being sent forward. lobile members are allowed now to receive a little training in the naval, military and air force hospitals, and wi ll therefore not feel or be quite so raw a~ to the work as others who come in at the last minute. The idea of the training at a naval or military hospital does appear somewhat of an ordeal to many before they have spent eight days at such work. It is really just a fear of the unknown, probably coupled with a knowledge of personal ignorance of nursing and hospital duties. After the first \'i. it, the next one-in three years' time will be looked forward to eagerly, because of the kindness shown and help given by the hospital staff, and the interest found in the \V ode A few hints to tho e who have not done their training might be useful. In the first place it should be realised that the V.A. D. will not be supposed to possess a thorough knowledge of nursing, and that the staff will sho\\' a keen desire to help her to learn as much as possible during the one short week if she on her part shows keenness and interest. It is better to travel to the hospital in uniform than in mufti. It not only gives a businesslike impression, but it also gi\'cs the wearer confidence. On arriyal the V.A. D. will be taken to the matron, forms will be filled up, and then she will most probably be hown her room, \.vhcre, if she arri\'es on the morning of her first day of training, she can prepare her~ elf for \yard duty. In some hospitals t,\·o V.A. D. 's share a room, while in others a room is allotted to each member. The ward work is rather different to that undertaken in civil hospitals, in so far as there are orderlies to assist. Bedmaking, washing and bathing patients, taking and charting temperatures, pulses and respirations, preparing meals, are usual routine, and in the morning-s there is dusti ng to be done, sheet to change, and possibly lockers to wash and tidy. The eight days are spent between the surgical and medical wards, four days in each, \\-hile, if the hospital has a families' \\'ard, a certain part of the time is spent here, too. In the medical ward there may be patients on special diets, and the V. A. D., if she asks, \yill learn of what each con . ists and why it is gi\·en. In tbe surgical ward she mar be allowed to assist in preparing a patient for an operation, and al 0 attend to a patient who has just returned from the theatre. The sister of the ward may allo\\' her to help when she dresses wounds after an operation. This is most interesting and in itself a lesson on the pre\'ention of sep is. A \'isit to the operating theatre \\·ill be paid, and the i. ter in charge \\'ill silo\\- the Y.A.D. ho\\' e"erything is sterili ed, and the different instruments used. The V.A. D. should endeavour to see an operation if possible, and the opportunity for this \\'ill most likely come while she is in the surgical ward, when she will be allowed to accompany one or more patients to the theatre. An operation is not the terrible sight that it i sometimes imagined. It is all so interesting- the preparations, the surgeons, aoresthetist and si ter and helper. making them eh'es externally aseptic, the actual operation \\'ith the skill and care with \yhich the urgeons do their \\'ork and ensure against shock by a great loss of blood and against the entrance of germs- there is not time to feel overcome with nen-ousness or fright. The only discomfort that might be felt is at the heat of the room, but thE' V.A. D . can always retire should this prove too great. The V. A. D . should remember tbroughout her training that there will be a short examination at the end of the period, which is conducted by the matron or her deputy. It is well therefore, to ask questions with reference to the work she is doing, and she will find that the sisters and ~ledical Officers a like, will be only too willing to a sist her. A notebook, to be entered 'up brieAy in off duty hours, \\·ill be found most useful. The work is interesting, but it is probably quite a cha nge from that performed in everyday life, and the

FIR S T

Y.A.. D. should remember this and keep herself fit. The ::--tanding- is trying, but "'ith comfortable shoes and as l1luch re t to the legs as po~sihle, it i. not unbearable. Stockings "'ith \"oollen feet are the most comfortable, :'Ilatron and her staff kno\\' the uniforms of the yarious bodies, and they \\'ill be found to be as particular as to the appearance of the V. A. D. as they arc to their o\\'n ; therefore, rules \"ith regard to uniform hould be trictly adhered to. If possible, it is better to take more uniform than the minimum laid dO\\"I1 in the book of rules. A.prons and other things ha\'e a way of gctting soiled or creased, and it would be so annoying if one was not spotlessly dean for the Colonel's \'i it or for maLron's inspection. Lean-' make-up at home. 1 Only quite recently two V .. \. D. 's in training at onc of the large military hospitals appeared in the wards ",ith brir;ht red nail and lips, pencilled eyebro\\'s and carefully rougcd and powdered faces. Nothing- was said to them at the time, but their report at the end of the training- was to the effect that they were not a suitable type for the \york. They may have been quite suitable really, and keen, but they had to be judged on appearance o\'er a \'ery short period, and the result \\'a disaE'trous as far as they were concerned. The last day in ho'pital arri\'es all too quickly, and the hour of the examination approaches. The test is not too bad. There may be questions that cannot be answered, but the examiner \\'ill be ,,-illing to explain \"hat is not clear or not kno\\'n, so that e\'en from this ordeal the candid"l.te will feel that she has gained something-. The cight day are over. How silly to have dreaded them! \Vhy, thcy haye simply AO\\'n , so interesting and full ha\-e been the hours! Items (Di ~ isional news and competitiom, social, interesting duties, lectures, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon Sr., London, E.C·4·

-------.--.------

The Royal Life Saving Society. CO;\TINUI>lG our answer to questions, as taken from the Bronze ;\ledallion stanJard of the Society'S examination, ,,'e deal first with-Question 9.-\Vb;- should the turning of the pers.on on to the back he done by a grip just abo\'e the elbows If posible, and not by a grip on the shoulders? Answer.-The object of gripping the person abo\-c the elbows to ensure that the drowning person may be lifted slightly in effecting the turn, and that con~act may b.e kept with him by releasing only one hand at a time. Plac1l1g the hands on the shoulders in turning would cause the subject's face to sink under water and add to the panic which he is already experiencing, with the result that a further clutch would be made at the rescuer. Question 10,-\Vhy should the Life Saving. back-kick be used in preference to the slowcr full leg lock on the back? Answer.-The Life Saving kick is used in preference to the full leg kick, as by making the shorter, or circular kick, the rescuer's legs are not impeded by thc subject's body. To make use of the legs to l.be '~est advantage for Life Saving, special note should be made of the following :.(a) Lower the legs ge~tly from th.e knee, holdir:g ~he feet at riaht angles to the sh1l1. The thighs are kept mIme with thc ~runk though the knces are at this point separated about 18 inches. Avoid the sitting position so often adopted by the novice, The feet extended in line with the shin are carried by a

A I D.

A ugLlst, 1933.

vigorous circular sweep; at first outwards and thell 111wards. During this mo\'\~m('nt (which should \J(' <IS forceful as possible), the propelling force is provided hy the frol1t and i I1side::. of the fcet and the lower part of the kg-s, (h) To use thc full back stnlke kick, dra\\' the legs up, heels Logether, knees wide apart, without cutlill~ the surbc of the water, toes pointing OLlt wards. Then make a scmicircular horizontal s\\'cep of the fed, b) straightening the leg-s outwards and (with a continuous mO\'ement) bring-inf; tllel11 smadly together in line with the bod), toes pointed, There should hc as much ankle 1ll0YCmcnt as possible during- the stroke. This kick g,\L'S contilluit~ of progress and a stcadier support for the subject. The Illo~e e\-en kicking- mcnns a less \"iolcnt c.;train on L1ll' rescucr's arms, and less tugging- on the :->ubjcct's hC:1d; and fewer \\'a\'es and splashes arise to ~i\' e disCllIllfllrt to till' subject. Ouestion 11. - In the First ;\[Lthod llf Rescue, wh\' should the upper arms he against thl' sic]c:-> of thc chest? \\Thy is it incorrect to h:1\ e the elbows open to Illudl more or mu~h less than a right ang-Ie :J . Ans\\'er.-The object of keeping the upp('r arlll againt the sides of the chest is to gi\-e a '-,tl'ad~ '-,upport to the :->uhject, and to enable the reseu('r to pl:tcc his h:lntb in _-uch a position that the ubject's face is lwlJ ahovc the water. Question 12.-The grip in the Second :'I1l'lhoJ of Rcscue is iml11ediatel\' ablwe the elblH\'s; wl1\ is this ~ \Vlw should the resc'uer's ('Iho\\'s ll' a~:Iin:t hi..., siu('s ? \Vh~- are the subject's upper arms raised at rig-ht :lng-h.-'s ttl his trunk? .\nswer. The grip is l ffeeted imllll'diately ahl\·I,.· the elbows for thc following reasons: It is the smallest part of the upper arm; a grip nt thi Iwint \\'ill pr('\ l'nl the ,>uhj('ct from throwing his <trills about, excl'pt frolll the L1how to the wrist. The rescuer places his elIJll\\'s again~t hi - siJt.'s in order to enable him to exert an outward and uJlward lcv('\"acre frol11 his sides to the elbo,,'s of the :->uhj(·ct. /'-. The suhject's arllls are raised at rig-ht anglL" to his trunk to ensure the face being kept clear of till' wall'r. This hold will put the drowning person under tIll' <'l1ntnll llf till' rescuer and pre\'cnt him fr0I1l turnill~' r0ulld, clutching, or e\'en strug~ling much, Question 13. \\Thy is an ahsolutL·ly ClllTL'ct grasp c.;\l essential in the Third ;\leasure of Rescul'? \\'hat is the object of pinioning- the subject's upper arms at right <Illgk:. III his bod\' and holding him so that his Ill'ad is nn a lc\ el \\'it II the rescuer's chin. A_ns\"er. - Thc reason for an absol utely COHect grasp bein~ macle in this method is to prevent the struggling person from raising his arms and clutching the n~scuer round thc head or neck, and thereby pulling' him under watcr ill a continued struggle. This is efTcctcd by pinioning the subject's arms at rig-ht angles to his hody, which ensures that the subject is held with his face clear of the water, either on the right or left shoulder of the rescue]', ",hiche\-cr is tl,e more cOI1\·enient. :\!OfE,-The Central Executi\'e of the Royal Life Saving Society will always be pleased to arrange for a Lecturer to "isit a;,y Unit of the St. John Ambulancc Association, or an) similar organisation to give Lectures and Dcmonstrations of their methods of Sa\-ing Life from Drowning and the application of the Schafer l\lethod of Resuscitation. Full particlllars can be obtained from the Chief Secretary, 8, Bayleystreet, London, \\'. C. 1.

When you write to any of our Advertisers kindly mention FIRST AID, It dosen't cost you anything and it pleases the Advertisers, and U~

August, 1933.

FIRST

A I D.

Red Cross News. TROPIUL IIYGIENE.--The British Red Cross Society wlil hold a course of seven lectures and demonstrations on Tropical Hygiene) on ~londays, Wednesdays and Fridays, commcncing on Friday, September 22nd) at 9) Chesham Street) Belgra\'e Square, .\lV.l, at 5.30 p.m. The course will cover such qucstions as food, clothing', and mcdical and. anitary precaution necessary for health in hot countries. These lectures are open to nOll-members of the Britlsh Red ross ociety. The exall1J11ation for the Briti h Red Cross 'ociety',S certificate in Tropical Hygiene will be held on Monday, October 9th. The fecs for the course are 5s. for membcrs of the N_Ld Cm s 'ociety, and 7 . 6d. for nun-members.

During the firt Annual Fete urgainsed by Broadstair::. and 't. Peter's II(J.-pital Penny \\" eekly Fund the Kent \-.AD. :9 B.R.C.S. ga\'e an educati\'e exhibitidn of ambulance \\-ork. The clis}Jlay) undn the direction of Mr. Yabsley Do\\'(kn, who took charge in the absence of Commandant Dell. dl'picted a motor-c) c!J~t \\ ho., falling upon the floor oi his g-ara~l'. had been ()\-ercome bv the fumes from the exh;lust. The Corp arri"ed \\ Ith 'their oxygen outfit ancl the \\ ark uf re -torallon was at once commenced . Each stage of resuscitation of the patient \\'a lucidly explained by Mr. Bo\\-den and was marked by the gradual. expelling- uf the poi onous gases f rom the lungs ilnd ,thl'tr replacl'ment oy carbon-dioxide and oxygen in caretully modulated degrlcs. The Schafer method of artificial re piration \\ as also carried out and explained. Another item all the programme \\ as a series of ta bleau,:, entitled .. Thro' Hospital Avenue;" depicting OI11C ot thc many mi_adventure by which injury may be ::.ustained alld the sen'ices rendered by yoluntary urganisatiolls and by the hospital to afrord relief and trcatment. Thc TIritish Pul Cro ~ociety) \\ hich for more than a Yl'ar~ has had t\\ 0. Air Ambulance Detachments ( urrey ann bit Lanca hIre), is l'xtcndin o " this side of its acti \'ities under a scheme of organisation which has been approved by the Air Ministry. i\Iembcrs of Air Ambulance Detachments, among\\-'hol11. womcn may be includcd, will be trained to give first clld and to load stretcher cases into and out of aeroplanes. They will be instructed in the treatment of urgent medical and accident cases and their transport by aeroplanc. ~ At full strcngth each detachment will consist of Commandant, three Pilots) two Ground Engineers, two ~lel'haIlICs, ami onc lIerk, this llumber pro\'iding- for both an all-duty and all ofT-duty cre\\'. The Comma~ldant l~lISt hold a ': B" licence for flying) and a navigator's s.econd-class bccnce. Each Pilot must hold a "B" hcence. In . normal times) however, the air detachments) e::-::cept Jl1 a very few cases) will not possess their own aucrafl. The co-operation of local fiying clubs is being sought 111 order to form more detachments,

Great credit is due to 1\1111". L1. J. IJ~ammon) d 1\1 " II -, r C0l11l11andant of the Wan stead Detachment) for his

efficiency at a serious accident which occurred on August 2nd at Snaresbrook. A motor-cycle collided with a lorry and the cyclist and pillion rider sustained terrible injuries. Mr. Hammond was summoned to render first aid and the following is his report :-"I found the cyclist pinned to the ground by the axle of the lorry and the weight pressing on scapula) the body being in a half-left incline, head bent to the chest. "For some unknown reason the right leg was ycrtical to his head, the instep under his neck) the femur fractured, and portion of the bone protruding, the thigh muscles lacerated and exposed, and haemorrhage of venous nature. It was impossible to remove him in any direction without the aid of some lifting device) and whilst I was under the lorry sending out comforting words to the agonising cries of the patient, 1 asked for a jack from a nearby garage with which the lorry was lifted. I asked for space from the pressing crowd to manipulate the patient with as least further damage and pain as possible_ I sent for police) doctor) and ambulances, then called for volunteers to assist at my direction in the movement of our gruesome ta k) warning all to do nothing only at my bidding. Cautiously) and inch by inch whilst controlling the compound fractured thigh, previously covered with boracic lint. vVhen sufficiently clear I released the leg from under his neck, whilst the police (now arrind) took charge of the fellow limb) J gently straightened his leg, only to find that the heel and toes \',;ere in the wrong position. Speaking to the patient to have fortitude and that he was in good hands, I re\'Crsed his foot and) as doctor had arrind) I submitted to him. He said: .r Carryon." Splintering was speedily effected, whilst my assistant was controlling the leg, being frequently warned not to make an exten ion. Further examination reyealed a simple fracture of the fellow limb, fractured skull) face abrasions) both hands lacerated and apparent internal injuries. After being made comfortable he was conveyed to hospital. .. The pillion patient) suffering from concu sion, apparent internal injuries, and se\'eral abrasions, was also con \'eyed to hospital." "Unfortunately, in spite of ::\Ir. Hammond's endeayour', the cycli t succumbed to injuries. The doctor who attended the case in his report expre secl his satisfaction with the treatmcnt gi\'en and commended the skill displayed by l\Ir. Hammond and hi' ql1ickness 11l the application of the elrc' ·ings. d

The annual g-arden part)' of the Hetton-le-Hllie S1. ] ol1n ,\mbul ancc and ursing Di\'isions, was hcld all Saturday, August 12th, in the grou nd s of H elton Hou e, J\lr. A, J. Williams, 1\1. R, San. 1., J. P. , of Ne\\' South \Vales, has been a dmitted as Sen'ing Brother of the Order of St. J ohn. H e has bpen con nected with the Order for thirty years, an d was one of the pioneers of the R oyal Life Saying Society of New South "Vales,

"[HE PLUMBER & JOURNAL UP HEATING, " monthly) is TH E paper for all progressive trades men - PubJisblD&, Office: -46, Cannen Street E.C ..... I s.

FIR S T

"ueries and J\nswet's eot'respondents.

~ueries will be dealt with under the following rules:I. -Letters

containing Queries must be marked on the top left band corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 4 6 , Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4· 2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cu from the current issue ot the J0urnal, or, in case of Queries fr om abroad, from a recent issue. 3. - The Textbook, to which refelence m~y be rr.ade in (Lis cOIt;D n is the 38th (1928) Edition of S.J. A. A. Manual of First Aid.

.\CTfO:-l OF PER~IA~G .\NATE OF POT.\Sll.

B. T. ( toke Nc\\'ington).-\Yhilst reading the Textbook recently I wondered how Permanganate of Potash acts in the Treatment of Vcnomous Snake-Bite, and if iL is an effecti\'c antidote. So I decided to ask you to soh'e my problem .

In reply to your query, I cannot do hetter.than quote.the statement of Sir Leonard Rogers, an em1l1ent medtcal authority, as iL is published in the current issue of the Research De/enc/! Soc/ely Joul'1lal : "Snake-Bitc is one of the most terrible of death, owing to the rapidity with which healthy people are c;u:ied off; and all our most essential knowledge of the actLOn, antidotes and treatment are due to animal experiments. early 50 years ago Sir Laudor Brunton showed the fatal action of c~bra \'enom to be due to paralysis of respiration. Later, Dr. Calmette in France made an anti-cobra serum which can neutralise the yenom in the system and sa\'e life if gi\'en in time; and sera for "iperine venoms ha\'e since been made in India and else\:" here. It "'as also known that permanganate of potash mixed with the venom of any snake renders zt inert, and Sir Lauder invented a small sheathed lancet 'w ith a compartment for permanganate to be carried in the waistcoat pocket when out shooting for immediate use, in the absence of sera, by incising- the site of the hite and destroying the poison locally before a fatal dose had been absorbed." - N . CORBET FLETCHER.

EXA:\J1NATION

HOWLEH.

D. S. (East London).-In a recent examination this question \yas asked :-" \\ hen you describe the various parts of the human skeleton, how is it supposed to be placed ?" The bright boy of our class exceeded all his previous efforts, because he replied: "In a coffin, sir!" Good!

Next, please!!- . C. F.

MEDDLESO~lE FIRST

AID.

B.S. (l\Iountnessing).-I would be obliged if you would indicate the minimum and maximum pulse beat that may reach danger points (say at the age of 45), as the Home Nursing and First Aid books seem to give very little information on the pulse when a person is liable to be in a state of unconsciousness or fainting. I have a friend who, seeing that I was interested in medical work and being rather below par, asked me to see him. I find that his pulse is usually as low as 36-40 in the evenings, but when he does garden work, at that time

August, 1955.

A I D.

it rises (temporar ily) from 60 to 70. At first when his pulse was so. low, I tried giving half a teaspoonf ul of sa l \'olatile in a cu p of warm water to see if it wo uld raise it; but my draught just produced pressure on the left side of his chest, apparent ly in the left amicle a nd ventricle-just a little discomforting, but it "'ore olT after about an hour. 'YVou ld there be any harm in repeatino' this at any time if he should really need it, as when feeling faint? It looks as if some of tl:e muscles of the heart are getting stilT and perhaps may need just a little stimulant. He is a teetotal l' and therefore would not take any stimulant unless a ked. To outward appearmlces there is not anyth ing in particular wrong except that he is not "ery strong- constitutionally. He is rather chary of seeing a doctor any more than some people would for slight attacks of rheumatism or muscular stiffness. However, as it is on ly in the arly stages that some ailment can be checked, I'd lik your opinion, for I know the mu cular bag of the heart can become hardened, as was probably the ca e of Pharaoh's that we hear of in the Old Te tament. However, the modern times that we live in ha\'c enabled most com_ plaints to be eased and oftcn cured if taken soon enough The rate of the pulse is not of any importance to fir t aiders and can equently it is not mention din th Tcxtbook. For the rest I refer you to Rule 12 on pp. 20 and 21 ",here you will find the ofl1cial solution to your query and learn that l\leddlesome First Aid i not encouraged either in the Textbook or in the columns of FIRST AID.-N . . F.

TREAT:'IENT OF VENO;lIOL'S SNAI'E-BrrE.

R.D. (Kensington).-In your rcply to query of abovc title published in June issue of FIR TAll) ther is a misprint, which makes you say that the ligaturc "aims at cutting off the now of \,enou and arterial blood." Of cour e an elastic band might do this; but for this condition, as you will agree, the lig-aLure i used because it only retards the venous return, and thereby cau e more bleeding from the part. I do agree; and I thank you for directing' allention to the misprint.-N.C. F HU~lOlJRS OF HO;\lE-NURSING.

C. C. (Wood Green). - A member of the Girl's Life Brigade, up for her Home-Nursing test, was asked why a sick person requires more sleep than a healthy one. Shc replied: "As 12e cannot go out, sleep is tile best occupation,l " Good!

Next, please! !- T. C. F .

TREATMENT OF FRACTURED SPI

H.O. (Chapelthorpe).-Please tell me which is the proper way to load and carry a patient suffering from Fracturd Spine. We are told in the Textbook that he should be placed on his back and carried in this pos ition, b ut the management of the coll iery at which I am an amb ulance attendant received a letter from a wellknown and highly-reputed infirma ry stating that the patient should be immediately turned on his face and placed on the stretcher in this position. The letter went on to say that by this means many fractu res would at once be reduced; that the appalling effects of this accident would be minimised; and that these facts should be brought to attention of a ll first aid and a m bulance men . As th is letter has nat urally ca used some contro-

FIR S T

August, 1933.

A S

A I D.

A S

DEPENDABLE

A N

A U S T

I n Ie rio I' of 20 h.J). AII/bulflll(e (q llip/Jed wilh Crlrler's DOllble StreIcher geetr.

UNFAILING SERVICE the basis of th ;s

I V ST An Au tin Ambtllance is a ound investment from e~er angle. For not only does Au tin dependability gIve you certaint) of long, unfailing ervice, but the man) Car of pcciali ation which Austin has in the building of ambulance give you the advantage of officially-approved equipment and planninobased • •• I:> on practical "1n 1de kno\v!edge." The Austin Twenty Ambulance shown here is typical of thi pecialised knowled ge. The body is framed in the be t English ash and oak. A sup'ple sllspension system gives smooth riding. A large air-tunnel supplies and regulates d raught-free fresh

air. Easy entrance and exit fo r the stretchers j rea d y communication with the driver j friction-damping and non-rattling devices on the doors j linked Triplex g lass in the rear windows . . . nothin g has been forgotten, d07{n to aluminium-lined walls a nd rubber-covered floor for easy interi or cl eaning. And it is built to last, u nfailing in every e m ergency, a so und an d safe investment from every standpoint. \Vrite for the Austin Ambulance Catalogue w hich d escribes and illustrates the full range in d e tail, and remembe r tha t additional. eq uipment can b e fitted i n any am b u la n ce to suit yo ur own r equire m ents.

] be Amlill '[''t/..'cllly h.p. AlJlblll(/)}~e De. Luxe, also /he 12 h.p. (oJlr-cyli,lder Ambu!:lIlce, the 20 h.p. six-cylinder Ambulal1 ce for lOll')} /lse, the 20 h.p. Sly-c)llmder Amb"lallc(', I. Alldnw l)pe, alld Ihe r6 b.p. six-cylillder Ambltlallce.

IN GENERAL

SPECIFICATION :

Wheelbase II ft. 10 illS., six-cylinder mgille wi/h eight bea l ingcrankshaft. Coil igllilioll. 15 galla 11 petl'ol tal1k. Semi - elliptic and zinc - interleaved spril1ging haL"ills Sifenlbloc 1J071-lllb,.icoted shackles. Exceptiollally fO llg 1'ear spril2gs. Hydralllic shock absorbers front aud rear.

THE AU ; TI N MOTOR CO . LTD, BIRM INGHA M.

SHOWROOMS : 479-483 OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W .l

FIRST

A I D.

AlICYlIst,

--------------------------------------------------------

\'cr:;y, we shall appreciate an expression of your npinion on thi matter. The deci ion on this point, which I discu ed fully in the July issue of FIRST Am, rests with the medical o~cer in charge of your colliery, to whom you hould submIt your query. Incidentally, in my answcr I wrote "few" and not "four."-N. C. F.

1933.

J\mbulance j\lews euttings from the ~ess. The Editor invites Readers to send newspaper cuttings on matter of general interest fo r inclusion in th is column. TR EE FELLED TO R ECOYER l\lAHBLES.

EXA:--Il~ATlON OF SlIO KED P.\TIENT.

M. B. (Finchley) .--I am interested in the team lest of the Inter-Railway Competition published in the June number of FIRST Am, and shall be glaJ if you ""ill kindly answer the following questions, which occur to my mind perhaps with a little confusion in appreciating the relatiye importance of treating hock and treating injuries. \Vh at examination of the upper limbs should be made? I belieye that it is dangerous to feel for fractures, and difficult to feel them through clothing. Should the clothing be remoyed on a cold platform on a winter's day? \Vhat examination should be made for fractured spine or fractured peh'is? To remove the clothing would surely be dangerous, while I belie\'e that to examine through the clothing \yould be useles . Further examination indicates the patient i suffering a good deal front shock Surely, to remove clothes and examine the ribs, abdomen, groin and clayicle. and then to turn the shocked patient oyer to examine the back, buttocks and capulae would still further increase the sltock ? \V ould it not be better to do these things ,'vhich are mentioned under Treat sIwek fir t, and then, when the shock is recoyered from, to proceed with the further examination of the patient? You are right when you stress the relati\'e importance of treating shock and treating injuries, because it is a vital principle of first aid that a patient should be protected as far as possible from the effects of shock . You are wrung, however, when you suggest that a detailed marking sheet sets out in sequence the \'arious steps in exam in ation and treatment. As a matter of fact, the arrangement of details is usually for conyenience of the judge in marking up the details. I n these circumstance examination of patient should be made with as liltle disturbance as possible-that is, without remo\-al of clothing (unless the presence of seriou bleeding indicates such action) and without change of position of patient (unless such be specially indicated) . With a conscious patient it is enough to ask if he has pain in the limbs and other parts, and then to pass the hands firmly but genUy over the clothing feeling for dampness suggestive of bleeding and for marked irregularity suggestiye of fractured bones. To me, ho""e\'er, the most amazing feature of this tesl was that the badly shocked patient was to be remo\'ed to the refreshl1lent and not to the" first aid" rLlom.-N.C.F.

----._.--By permis ion of Squire H. N, ffaring-ton, a gardell part)' and fete in aid of the Leyland Division st. J ohn Ambu lance Brigade 'lnd Cadets and the ursing Di\'ision and the 3rd Leyland Girl Guides and 2nd Leyland Boy Scouts' Building Funds, took place at Worden Park, Leyland, on Saturday, Jul y 29th. The opening ceremony was performed by lr. D. H. Hacking, :\1. P. for Chorley. The "DECORATOR,:,'

« PAIl'lTERS' I,lAuAl,lNB"

8d. monthly) Is THE trade paper for all Interested.PubUahinl Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C. ", .

Pete T owso n, 7 years of age, i in Roya l Columbian ho pital \\'ith a 1l1Rshed thigh, the victim of an unu ual acc ident. It appears that th lad had been ria) in g marble with his brothers, 8 and 10 years resrecli\·ely. II e \\'on the marbles j and his brothers, trying to reeo\'(~ r by force what they could not ho ld by kill, eha ed Pete up a tree'. They could not c limb the tree after him and the) could not per uade him La come down. 0 they fe ll ed the tree, a 25-foot pruce. Pete fell with the tree, and hi· thi~h \\ a~ caught under its trunk. - Brilis/z Columbiall . \ 'l'7U I r 'u,1 IIlzns/er.

S. O. . TO TELEI'IIO;':E OI'ERATOI~. ,\ dramatic night call to a telephone operator on thl cxchange at Halifax to . nd tile police quickly "'a~ follo\\'L:d by the noi e of the in trument falling and gro.) ns. The number of the caller \\'a known, and Dl'lecti\'c Constable Downe hurried to the printing and ~tal iOI1l~rJ works of l\lr. \\'ilfrid Senior. There he found a paticnt lying unconsciou on the Iloor at the ~idc of a guillotinl machine with his left hand seyered. It is thought that 1\1r. Senior, who i~ it master prinkr, was working late on an order \\ hen he gut hi ... hand L'aught in the guillotine. In spite of the immediatc k) ... " of hlul1l1 he managed to get to the telephone and shout for help bdorl' collapsing. But for the presence of minu of the l)pcralor and the response of the policc he \\'ould han.! bled to death in a short time.-Daz'D' Mail. ~11SSEI) DE.\f11

By I:-: uIE .

Charles TO\\,Il, aged 13, of A 11, 11lissl'd death br illl'hc~ at a Southern Railw,~ycrossing bet\\'een andwiLh ,;nd .\sh. He was cycling home to dinner frol11 school at 'anuwich and, dismounted to cross tlH' line. .\ train \\ hieh had jusl passed, obscured his \·iew of the traek alung \\ hieh an express was racing towards Ralll gale. \\'hcn half\\',1\ across, Town saw the engine a lm ol on top of him. Il~ discarded his bicycle and leapt for the gate, to which hl held on while the express roared past. The express driver, believing that the trA in had gone over both the buy and the bicycle, brought his train to a standstil l, but a search onl J res ulted in the crumpled bicycle being founu. Later it wa" ascertained that the boy was safe and ound at his home some four llliles away. - j).forlling Post.

GHASPED "LI\'E" VVIHE.

\"b en cleaning windows at the stee l\\' ork~ of l\le~srs' J uhn Bedford and Sons, Ltd., Sheflleld, an 1 ~-years-old youth slipped, and, in sa\'in g himself from falling inlo a pot of molten metal, caught hold of a wire carry ing 200 volts 01 electricity. Th e yo uth , Peter Burnand, a Il le hardener, received it severe shock and became unconscious. Hi s hand was held to the wire by the current. A workman saw his plight, and in rescuing him alsc received a shock Burnand was r ev ived with oxyge n and taken to the hospital. After treatment for burns to hi s lef. h and he was a llowed to go home.-Da/0' il.fail.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRICADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

MANU ALS OF FIRST-AID, &e.,

B, If, CORBI3' fLI3'CBI3R, •• B'I B,C" B,A,(Cutall', .,R,C,! AID.

Regulation--Right! Quality--Right! Price-Right COATS,

AIDa

24, Commarolal

CO.,

st., BRIQHOUSE, YORKS.

TELEPHONE: BRI GI!OUSF. 290.

EFFIOIENOY

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, St. John's Gate, LONDON, E.C.I.

l~ UIPME~]

"'" PLEASE SEND FOR PRICE LISTS.

niforn Clothing & Equipment Co., LTD ,

FIR.T-AID.

wl&o", it il cUlig1l,d. "-BRITISH MEDICAL J OOltNAL.

OOMMON

ERRORS

FIRST-AID.

II. net: post ~eI.

Errors In Plrst·Ald Detailed and Explained.

1MI DOtlR g{rJlI a cl,aY,,. i"rig-M i"/D tlu m,tMclr a1ld difj'ictlltill "l 'm'rr'"c~ tY,atm,,,1 by lay""" tlta" tlu D(!icia/ T,xlbDOR ;tult."-LANCXT.

OOMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcher] Individual and Question-Six Folders). Price 6d. each net, post, l;eI Each Folder contains special article on Competitions :-No. 1, Training of Com· petitlou Teams; No. 2, Conduct of Team in Competltiou Room; NO.3, Common Errors In Competition; NO.4, Further Errors in Treatment; NO.5, History of Competition Tests; No, 6, Preparation of Tests.

WHY

AND

WHEREFORE

FIR.T-AID.

Price. I. ~eI .• post free .

Fifth Edition.

DllflaalUOI II Itady aDd Treatment lolnd by Qaelltloll aad Aaner.

"w, c""",,,"d t hil bDON I" L,c(tI,.'YI a1ld SttlcU,,11 wh" will fi"d it ~/ P'41 HINT.

FOR

Telephones : Clerkenwell 6682, 52 26.

AMBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE, By P. C. BOTfOMLEY, M.D. A booklet to aid those interested in Ambulance and Stretcher Work.

Pl'ice 2d. each, post il'ee.

HOSPITAL

ORDERLIE ••

Post fr'!e, lid.

Orderly Datles Slmplllled aad TabDlated, wltb A!dl to lIemory. A ",Dlt CD",paef b,.DCI&W,., • . cD1Itai"r ",tlch tllIftl ;,,/ormatioll ."-PltESCJUBBR

F I RIIT AID.

Illnstrated by 50 diagrams In Colours with Explanatory Letterpress. By 81r JAMES CANTLIE, K.B.E., LL.D., M.A., M . B. 7!d. net; post free. C,M., F.R.C.S., D. P.H .R.C.P.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES. Monnted on Canvas, Roller top and botlom. 25.s , net each. Post, IS. Hnman Skeleton, (ront view. 2. Muscles, front view. 3. Hnman Skeleton back view ~ . Muscles, back view. 5. The Heart and princlpal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (B). 8. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (D). 10. The Nervons System. II. Schematic diagram of Circulation 12. The Hnman Ear. 13 The Human Eye. q . Median Section through Skin 15. Median Section throngh Head. I.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. Male, 805. net.

Female, 8011. net.

With Foetus, 8511. net.

Carriage 28.

A book that Is selling by the hundred.

ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. Their Signs, Symptoms a'ld "First Aid" Treatment. An Ideal Memorizer Quick Reference. By A . T. GOODING. With Preface by WILLIAM L OCI{ L.R.C.P. & S. Ed . , &c., and JOHN NICOLSON, M.A., M.B., Ch.B.Glas. .1. 2d. net post free.

B,.

CA~VELL.

M.~.C ••. ED ••

FIR.T AID Iii FEW WORDII. (2ooth thousand) Revised. With Colon red Diagramf.

HOME .. URIII .. a

CLERKENWELL GREEN, LONDON, E.C.l.

Telegrams: "U niquip, London."

Post free, II. 3d.

Price, 3 /6; post tree, 4/-.

11,

",ad bfI all

Problem. la Itady, 'reatmeat and Bxamlnatlol 101,,,1 lor loalor Itadent-/! " Wltl&Dtll dDtlflt llu bDOR will b, D) ,ty,al lin;" 111 tlu tYai1l{"r D/ tl&DS' fo,.

M.R.C.S.

"As a work of reference, the book will be excremely useful and shou ld be in the library of all amhulance worker. "-FIRST Am .

10 &

.1. :Jd., post free.

I'ro;". "- FIRST AID.

N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.A., M.B

( ~ IFOl\M

Price

8.mo-"anlag Slmplllled and Tabulated, wltll AIds to .emory,

THe

HOME-NUR.INQ.

Redsed.

AMBULANOE

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTO~Y, AND ITS PA~T IN THE AM BULANCE MOVEMENT,

Post free, 18. :Jd.

, TJcis D"oM wtl1Id,,./tlllr si",pli/i,s a compllA' ItlD;,et a1ld IMtild D' IltlcU1Itl. " -L . lk N .W. Rv. GAZBTTE.

SPECIALITY.

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

Third Edition.

Send P. C.lor Price List and Sell·measurement "orms.

THORNTON

FIR.T-AID.

<."tll. SI" '"""1 Can /b e C}1Itribwtll a1l ;1It"odwctiD1I a1ld w, ".do"s, llis rOOf) o/Ji1liD1I D/ llu D"DR."-LANCBT .

All Uniforms cot to Customer's own measurements

NURSES

Seventh Edition,

Plut·Ald Simplified and 'abulated, wltb Ald. to .e • .",

12pp.

Clotb, 6d.

Strong paper. ~d.

With useful reference tables.

Strong paper, ~d.

14 pp.

BANDAIU .. C

Strong paper, ~d.

HEALTH ... FEW WORDB. 6y Sir 20th Thousand.

Post Id.

DIAaRA.II.

12 PP'-72 bandaging diagrams, with notes.

F.~.C.8.

Post ld.

I .. FEW WORDII. (56th thousand) Revised

Post rd.

If, FI~TH.

D.P.H P aper folder 3 in. and 4 ill . Post free 3d. net.

HOW ARV ~,. PRESTO~. D,,,,olllt,.,,l oy ID 11&, P"lytlChll;c . Price I~. net; postage, ,d Its Application Accurately Des cribed by Words and 110 Diagrams. THE ROLLER BA .. DAaE. Price • .s. net; postage, 2d. lis Application Accurately Described by Words and 102 Diagrams.

B,.

THE TRIA .. CULAR BA .. DAaE:

FIRIIT-AID ANATOMIGAL DIAaRA.S. 13(1 to 12 and 14)on Roll

Post free, 31. gd. net.

No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs 1/ '2 Price 28 . net; postage 4d Systems of Body accurately indexed. I nvaluable to Students of Anatcm} Medicine, First-Aid and Allied Subjects.

THE COMPLETE .ANIIlIN.

THE WHOLE ART OF BA .. D"al .... By

TBBItLA

BOWSER.

Illustrated.

Post free, II. ,d.

.. Firat Aid," ",6, Cannon Street, London, E _C 4.

POCKET FIRIIT AID BERIEII.

"FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

n,. Col. ~. J. BLACKHAM. C.B., C.M.a .. C.I.B., V.5.0 .. M.I) (I) Poisoning, (2) Halmorrhage, h) Insensibl1lty, (4) Asphyxia (Suspended Breau ing), (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, (6) Wounds, Bites Barns SCGldJ Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series contains all the essentials of F'irst Aid Printed on linen·lined cards, 31 In. X s! in. Third Edition. 6d. ne e~ch postage 2d extra.

To be cut out and enc.'oud wilh a/I Que"us AUG., 1933

AIDII TO MEMORY 1E0R FIRST AID STUDENTS AND NURSES VERNON NEWTON. M.R . ~ 8.(Eol') gd. net. Pest JOHN

BilLE,

SONS

DANIELSSON.

Ltd.

as-91, Great Titchfteid Street l.,.ondon W ,l .

Hobson & Sons (London) Ltd.),

Manufacturers of Unijorms, Headdresses, Accoutrements for

Who/••• I.

LIMITED QUANTITY ONLY. Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

AND

TROPHIES

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I. Phone-Hop 0680 & 7065.

uFIRST AID"

AMBULANCE AND SOCIETIE8.

EQUIPMENT.

"STERAID ' (Regd.) series of absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dressings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers only the quantity of gauze or lint required; after cutting this off, rotate the Container in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from exposure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded

NOTICE

CORP.

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL. No. 77-

Bronze, 3/- I Sliver, .16; Silver, Oold Centre, 6/9.

Original Designs and Quotaftons post free.

Whollaall Priola to all uFIRST AID" SOCIETIEI.

SEPTEMBER, 1933.

HOLBORN

Entered at ] [ Stationers' Hall

P~ICE

TH~EEPENC E

[3/6 PER ANNUM, POST FRI!R

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE

UNIFORMS

tke Certificate of the Institute ot H~gime.) All Dre&&in¥& are of GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE.

"SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle (or recelv~g soiled dressings, ~anitary towel.s, etc.. Co~structe? for affix~ng in any convenient corner, prOVIded with Rmged Lid .andSp~lng Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releaSing spnng, without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST-AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements. SBND FOR PRICB LISTS:-

~OBE~T BAILEY & SON, Ltd. MARRIOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT ard at \37, Sentinel House, Southampton Row, London, w.e.1. Printed and .t'ublishea by DALE, REYNOLDS & Co., Ltd., 46, Cannon-street, Lond(:)ll, E.C.4, to whom all!communications should be addressed. 'I elegrams- -" Twent-y-four, London." Tellplzo,?e - Cmtral I p I . • To be had of all Newsageuts, Booksellers and Bookstalls in the TJllited Kin~dom and at all RaIlway Bookstalls of Messrs. W. R Smith and Sons.

EDITORIAL. T he

Its aim and Object being the advancement of Ambulance Work n all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers. All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at the address below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, 'lnd must be accom panied (not necessan'ly tor (>ublication) by the name and address of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, R EYNOLDS ,~T CO., LTD., 4 6 , CA " 0:-1 STREKT, Lo DON, E.C.4. 'I elegrajJhic Address-' , TWetltl'-Jour, Lond011." 7 elephone-Central ItI2 r.

VIADUCT, E.C.

READE RS.

Annual Subscription is 35. 6d_ post free; single copies 3 d •

Telephon8-0840 City.

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIE.TY

FI RST AID is published on the 20th of each month.

London Showroom-

62, North of England Office: 22, YORK PLACE, LEEDS.

No. 471.-VoL. XL.

suitable for

Contractor. to H.M. Miniltry of Munitionl, Ruuian Government, &c.

ADDRESS-

SURCICAL

MEDALS, BADGES

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. SPECIAL OFFER of All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed TROUSERSPrivates-13/9 per pair.

FIRST AID

J. A. WYLIE ..Ie.r.& CO ••

CONTENTS OF

THIS

NUMBER.

E DlTORIAL-

.\mbulancl! Boundarie,> and Altendants. .\iJ Trl'atment 01 Ca I:S • utTering from the Effect-. l)f Poison Gas Lec ture in First .\id plints fl1r Practice \\' orl.;: .J. A. Brig-ade District Reports Co ml11on ~Iistakes in Fir"it ,lid Pr iory for \\'ales Th e Royal Life a\"in~ ociet}' ailway Ambulance 'cws \ 'hat is Food I oisoning '! oyal Transport .\l1lbuJance 'e\\"s Po lice Ambulance N e\\-s F ir . . t

J..-\. B. O\(~rseas

Rc \ icw I'ecc nt Developmcnts in Resuscitation I1lbulancc News and CUllings from the Pre ur Nurses' Page QU ERIES AND ANSWERS TO

5-+ 5S 56 57 60 61 63

6-+ 65 67

68 b

69 69 73 7-J.

CORRESPONDENTS-

Fracture of Bet e and Jaw Examination Howler Complicat d Fracture of Rib Peeps into the Past ... Unfair Exam ination " . Humour of First Aid Calcium Carbide Poi oning Treatment of Burns .. . Uses of Stetho cope .. . Examination of Shocked Persons The Doctor's Dilemma Treatment of Venomous Snake-Bite P l d Cross News ... Ho me Service Ambulance Committee Lt, tters to the Editor

76 76 76 76 76 76 77 77

77 77 77 77

78 78 78

IN the May issue we drew attention to the lack of co-operation which existed between the members of neighbouring district cou I1cils regardi ng the rule prohibiting the drivers of ambulances from accepting a patient who was actually In the area of another council. Since that time we are pleased to learn that more elastic rules of the reciprocal use of the amhulances have been arranged between councils. \Ve hope this is but the commencement of a new movement and that every council will, before long, make a satisfactory agreement with its neighbours. There still remains, however, one very important item which should be remedied at the earliest possible date. Every ambulance driver and attendant should be certificated first aiders. A large percentage of those who man public ambu lances have little, or no, knowledge of the subject which they represent. Quite recently a member of the St. John Ambulance Brigade examined a patient whilst awaiting the arrival of the ambulance. He found a fractured clavicle. The attendant arrived, was informed of the first-aider's diagnosis, but no attempt was made to apply the necessary treatment-why? Because the attendant had little idea of what was the correct treatment or how to do it. The Brigade man offered to bandage the patient and this was quickly accepted as were also his instructions on the loading of the stretcher. This is but one of many instances which have been brought to our notice where grave and serious complications may have arisen through the lack of first aid knowledge by those in charge of an ambulance. Can one imagine a fireman attending a fire A:'1BULANCE BOUXDARIES AXD ATTE:\,D T.

FIRST

and know nothin o' about fire ilo-hting '? \Vh1' then man ambulanc s with those who are not eon\'ersant with ambulance work? This question is a really rious one to which immediate attention must be drawn. Thos responsible for the appointment of ambulance d riYers and attendan ts should assu re themsel ves tbat thei r charges are com peten t fi rst aiders able to tackle any emeraency should the occasion arise.

First Aid Treatment of Cases Suffering from the Effects of Poison Gas. By CAPT. A. C. 'VHITE K0JOX, :'1. C., :'1. B.,

CH. B.

I N a preyious issue I wrote in a genera.l way of the effects of poison gas on the community at larg~, and the general method of protecti ng the pu bhc aaainst such attack. b I wish now to show how trained first aiders may help very considerably, the condition of those 'who have been affected by such poison gases. I t is fi rst necessary to have an idea of the commoner types of gas used, and their effect on the individual. They are divided first into two main groups. (1) N on-persisten t. (2) Persistent. ., The Non-persistent group IS rapidly converted into gas or smoke and gradually dissipated by the wind. The Persiste nt group is usually liquid. It contaminates areas and gives off gases for considerable periods. They are further divided into three main groups according to their action on the human body. (1) Lung Irritants. (2) Eye I rritan ts. (3) Skin Irritants. The gases used may cause anyone of these conditions, or a com bination of all three. (1 ) Lung In'z'tants, e.g., Chlorine and Phosgene, recogn ised by their characteristic smell, and causing irritation of the respiratory passages. (2) Eye In,itants, e.g., Tear Gases. These cause an immediate and profuse flow of tears and congestion of the eyes and lids, often to the extent of closing the eyes completely. (3) Skin h 'rz'tants, e.g., Mustard Gas.

eptember, t 933.

A 10.

This has the pecu I iar garlic sm II, and. a d lav d action, affecting eyes, lungs, and Skill. Thi; gas is of a peculiarly disabling character on account of its persistency. PPOTEl'TlV!<:

CL<.)TIlINl;.

Special protectiv\,; clothing. [ an oilskin character and including gloves, IS Ilece~ ary for the protection o[ those treating cas arIected by poison gas; and o[ course a com plel knowledge of the respirator i essential. Some knowledge of the substances used to combat the action of the gases is necessary to the first aider so that he may help in the decontamination of any area affected.

.JIate1'l·als Csed:Dry earth, sa\\ dust, sand, water, bleaching powder: sodium 11) poc~llor~te solution am.1 grecn solution. (Green solutIon IS made by addIng one pound solId bicarbonate of soda to a gallon of sodium hypochlorite. It hould be prepared fresh, and \\'ell stirred). Ground contamination by a ga su h a~ mustard gas, i treated by co\' ~ring to a depth 01 two inches with one part blcachlng powder to three parts earth. On top of thi~ place three in~hes o f fresh earth. Sand or sawdust may be ll~cd In~tead of earth. Areas ~o treated should be marked clearly. l. . loors may be treated with grc~ll ~ollllion i walls may be sprayed 10wn and washcd WIth hypochlorite solution. Badly contaminated clothing 'hollld he destroyed-. Les~ bad Iy con tam i nat~d -loth i ng should be collected in air-tight contaIner and removed to the Decontamination Centres. There it should be exposed to the air, [or from l days.i or it may be exposed to rapid streams 01 hot aIr for 3 hours; or it may be immersed in hot water with soap and washing soda for hair an hOllr; . .. or it may be exposed to ste~m 111 d 1~11l fcc tor for 15 minutes. Oils1"in proteCl!v\,; clothIng may h~ hosed down and placed in boiling waler for ;-, minutes. The first aider is now hetter cq II i ppec1 to appreciate the methods o[ attacking the gas effects on the human body. (1) Tear Gases immediately cause a ute pain in the eyes, a profuse Aowof tears, and spasm of the eyel ids.

-I

T1'eatment :Remove from the contaminated area. Bath e eyes with solution, salt and water (one teaspoonfu l common salt to one pint water). hncourage th e patients and assure them tha~ the eyes \~ill S~O J1 recover their full use, even If temporanly 1~lln d [rom profuse How of tears and congestion o[ Itds . (2) Lung I1'7'z'tants.

September, 1933.

FIRST

(a) PO/SOllOllS Smoke. Severe pain in nose, throat and chest, with coughi ng and sneezi n g and someti mes vomiting. Treatmellt: ' Remove from con tami nated area and allow patient to rest. Pain may be relieved by inhalation of chloroform, and by washing nose and moulh wit~l solution o[ bicarbonate of soda (two teaspoonfuls to one pint water).

A I D.

These few hints are not meant to be a complete discussion of the igns, Symptoms .1.nd Treatment of Poison Gases, but they do offer the first aider a simple routine for diagnosis and treatment, and I hope, an incentive to gain further and more complete knowl edge of Lh is im portan t subject.

------.-- .-----Lecture in First Aid."" By A DOCTOR.

(b) lVoll-pcrst's!cll! (;ases. ' b lori ne, Pho~genc, and h loropicri n. They cau~e a choking sensation, with pain in ci1C')L, coughing, nausea, anJ sometimes vomiting. hloropi'rin al<)o causes eyes to water.

Trcatment: RClllo\'c from con tarn i nated arca on a stretcher as thi..., t\pe of Cd'>C ,,\1ollld be ~pared any kinJ of ex cniol1~ 0\\ ing to the ,rfeet Oil tllc nervous s) stem. Ll)o:-.en clntiJing abollt neck, che~t and waist, ,tlld keep patil..'IH warm. If nece~sary, artificial rc piraLioll mll...,t he pcrform\';L1. (3) .),/,/" irni((llls.

S.\ mptollls flell delayed alld ll1a\' appear from +- I l hOll r"i and II p to l+ hour,> aftcr. ThesL: g'a ' C'> call c in.i u ry to any part of the h dy the,\ comc in contact with. (a ) /~)'cs hecome ill na l1led, prof ll'>e now of lear..." spa ' 111 of t..'} clid,> 'ausing temrorary blindncss. 'l rca! menl: -

\Va...,h c\'cs with salt and \\at r (one teaspoonfu l to onc pi;1t). (h) N{"Ij>iralo):l' P(lI',wges.

First signs ar\,; dn nc,>s of throat and bras y cough. Treatmcnt :Gargle with sol L1Lion bicarbonate .soLia (l teaspoonfuls to I pint).

(e) Skill. At first there i reddening and swelling of skin, with itching. Reddened areas extend and bliskrs [01'111.

Treatment : Remove affected clothi ng as quickly as possible a nd bathe from head to root using plenty of soap. Se rub well with nail brush for five minutes, or lathe r with cream of bleaching powder and water, a nd leave on for 3 min utes, washing off with water. Take care not to break bl isters. Use this treatment as soon as possible after co ntamination.

No. 1.-FRACTURES. A FRACTlJRE is usually defined as " a solution in the continuity of a bone produced by violence" (it is simply a broken bone). PATBoLOl,rC ,\L FRACTURE.

The primary cause of a pathological fracture is a weakening of the bone due to diseases such as sarcoma, secondary carcincoma, tuberculosis, or rickets. A child ma\' be born 'w ith multiple fractures as the result of ~ disease known as "Fragilitas Ossium." TYPE

OF FRACTCRE.

(1) A Simple Fracture is one in which there com m un ication between the broken ends of the bone and the surface of the skin. (2) A Compound Fracture is one in which a com m un ication exists between the fragments and the air, affording an entrance to bacteria, thus addina to the seriousness of the condition. b . . . (3) A Complicated Fracture, 111 addltlOn to the bone being broken, there is injury to some internal organ, such as the lungs, brai n, blood-vessels, or nerves. (+) A Comminuteu Fracture IS one in which the bone is broken in several fragments. (5) n Impacted Fracture is one in which one of the fragments is driven into the other. (6) Incomplete Fractures are those in which the bone is broken only partly acro s, or in \\'hich the peritosium is not torn j such are ; i~ no

(a) Green-stick fractures; these occur in young children and are the result of forcib!e bendi ng, they are i ncom plete [ractu re and occur on the convexity of tbe bone . (b) Fisslled fractures; the e are mere crack in the bone, they occu r mostly in the skull. ( ) Depressed fractures; In these the fragment is driv n il1\\'ards, th y occur ll1 the skull.

* Reprinted by Hospital J,Vodd.

courLC:'sy

Lht; lr:'slt

.J.\'urst'lIg

and

FIRST

(7) Complete fractures are those in which the bone is broken completely across. Different types of complete fracture are : t ransverse, spiral, oblique, longitudinal, T-shaped. SIGN

OF FRACTURE.

Loss of power, pain and tenderness, swelling and deformity, abnormal mobility, crepitus, irregularity of the bone. (1) Loss of power in the limb is the main symptom. . . (2) Pain and tenderness 1S usually most 1ntense at the line of fracture. (3) Swe1ling and deformity may be due to overlapping of the ends of the bones, and partly the hcemorrhage from vessels which they may have damao-ed. The most common deformity is that of short:ning of the limb due to tension of the surrounding muscles causing the fragments to override; if there is no displacement of the bones there is no shortening. FALLACIES 'WITH REGARD TO SHORTE:\ING.

Shortening may occur in a dislocation; both limbs may have previously been unequal in length; if only one of two parallel bones is broken . (4) Abnormal mobility when presen t in the shaft of the bone is a certain sign of fracture, but this sign is absent in impacted and green-stick fractures. (5) Crepitus is a coarse grating sensation produced if the broken ends of the bones are moved gently against each other; this sign should be looked for only by a doctor, the same applies to eliciting abnormal mobility, for careless handling may convert a simple into a compound or complicated fracture. Crepitus is absent in impacted or green.stick fractures, or when the soft parts separate the broken ends of the bone. (6) Irregularity may be felt if the broken bone lies close to the skin. CAUSES OF FRACTURE.

Fractures may be caused by direct or indirect violence or by muscular contraction. (1) Direct Violence.-A fracture due to direct violence when the bone is broken :it thp- point to which the violence is applied, this may occur from a heavy blow. (2) Indirect Violence.-,\Vhen the force is applied, at some distance from the point at which the fracture occurs, as an example, a fall of the hand may cause a fracture of the clavicle. (3) Muscular Con traction.-Sudden muscular contraction may produce a fracture, the most common example is fracture of the patella when the patient is attempting to save himself from falling backwards. CO;\IPLICATIO

S OF FRACTURES.

(a) Injury to nerve trunks.

September, 1955.

A I D.

(b) Injury to large blood-vessels, gangrene of the limb may result this. (c) Hypostatic Pneumonia sometimes occurs in old people, if allowed to lie flat in bed. (d) Suppuration may occur in compound fractures but rarely in simple fractures. (e) Fat Embolism sometimes occurs. FIRST AID TRE TJ.IENT OF FRACTURES.

This is usually required; there is an opportunity of reducing the fracture. The first essential is to prevent further damage, such as converting a simple into a compound or complicated fracture, by careless handling of the part, therefore, the first necessity is to pre, ent further movement of the injured part. This can be done by applying splints which should fix the joints immediately above and below the seat of the fracture. Temporary splints may consist of walking sticks, umbrellas, brush handles, in fact, any firm object which is long enough [or the requirements. If no splints are available, the lower limb, If fractured, may be bandaged to the 11l11njllred limh, and the arm to the trun k.

Splints for Practice Work. MAN"Y ambulance c1as

ecretaries will welcome the practiCe' plints and bandages recently placed on till' market b) f'tlessrs. Emery & Co., 13, Greek-street, London, \V.1. An ad\'ertisement containing the announcement of thi firm will be found on anal her page in this issue, from which it will be noticed that the set comprise tcn plint (threl' upper-arm, two forearm, one thigh, one patella, l\\ a leg and one foot), a tourniquet tick, ar.d twch'e triangular hand_ ages, all for 10s. per et post free. The splints are made of mooth unknotted wood \,·ith rounded corners, and should prove a boon in the class-room The bandages are of B. P. C. quality. At such a 10"" price we anticipate a ready sale, and readers can be assured that they will he satisfied with thl va lu e of this set.

LosT. - In Leeds, about August 8th, a Sl. John sih el miniature medallion, No. 364,042, marked \Vm. Statham Should any reader of FIRST AID have found same please forward to \Vm. Statham, L. & N.E. Railway, Leeds. e\\ Station. CORRIGENDA.-Owing to indisposition Capl. Norman Hammer, 1.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., was unable to correct the proofs of his article, "Hints on Home Nursing," 'vvhich appeared last month, and, unfortunately, a few errors cr~r t in the published article. On line 10 read malaise for mal~na ; line 32, angle for axle; line 38, tonsillitis for tonsilitis; line:. 46, s lackened for slacked; line 67, increased in for increase the; line 70, contain for certain; line 81, ill ventilated for the ventilated; lin e 86, purge for plunge; line 95, vicarious for viscarious; lin e 98, opposite for opposition; line 14-+, 40zs. for 2 ozs.; and line 155, impacted for imparted.

FIR S T

September, 1933.

The

Brigade

St.

fohn

Ambuia11,ce

Dzst~zct

No I. (Prince of Wales 's ) Di strict. BRICKLAYER'S ARMs.-The Divisional Competition of the Bricklayer'S Arms Division were completed on Saturday, September 2nd, \\ hen the team test was staged in the All Saints' Institute, New Cross. The individual tests had been held previously. A novel and interesting test was set. The competitors \\ ere supposed to be on their way to the Divisional Competitions when just out ide the hall they noticed a motorc)clist who \\as unaware that his pillion rider had fallen off and was being dragged along the ground. Dr. II. A. Dunlop officiated as judge, assisted by Corps Supt. A. J. Green, Div. Supt. C. E. Harrison and other officers of the Division. FollowlI1g the tests, Corps Supt. A. J. Green presided a t the presentation meetlllg and anllounced the results a fo llows : .. 1\liles .. Cup (for individual and team work): 1 o. 4 team: Ptes. Lee, mlth, Cro sand \Valler (captain). Indl\ idual \\'ork: 1st ycar, Pte. Beeney; 2nd and 3rd year, Pte. Plant; 4th to 6th year, Pte. Grant; 7th and onward, Pte \\'allcr. Unifonll : Ptcs. Plant and Grant (tie). Ditrict Officer Drinkwater (Xo. 8 District), an a rdent supporter 0 f the Dn' l lon, pre ented the prizes, also certificates, medallions, labels, etc. In addition, the I-t -year silver medal of the outhcrn Railway was pre_e ntcd to 1\Icsrs. P. teYenson, G. I3utler, G. Ironmonger and ]. Leggatt, "h11 t 1\Iessrs. \V. Elderfield, E. ]. Gibbs, A. Randall and \\r. Pannell rcceiycd a bronze medal for sc \en \ ea rs. .\ ~ :;urpn e pre entation \'vas that of a "Pyrex" ca sc role dl'lh to Dr. H. A. Dunlop, as a token of the D lvi ion's appreciation for hiS untiring servIces. Dr. Dunlop, in accepting the gift, Sclld that anything he had done \\ as a pleasure to him, and he hoped to be of fu rth e r as i tance. Oil future occasions. The presentation meeting was brought to a dose by a vote of thanks to all those who had helped to make the competitions a success. Dancing then followed, and an enj oyable evening was spent. DAGENIIAM.-During last month the Dagenham Cadet DIvision held a Summer Camp at Dovercourt Bay. Div. Supt. E. Howard, assisted by Cadet Supt. H. Mulligan and Pte. H. W. Blower) was in command. Contact was established with the Coventry and N uneaton Cadet Divisions, who were encamped a short lhstance away. Combined events were arranged, and included Church Parade, Cricket, Sports Day, Camp Fire Sing Song, and a Il rst Aid inter-Divisional Competition. For the last item Div. Surgeon Phelan set practical tests, and he was very surprised at the knowledge of all th ree teams. N uneaton were placed first by a very small ma ~gin over Dagenham, and Coventry followed close be.hll1.d a good third. Silver spoons were presented to the WI1111ll1g team by Mrs. E. Howard. Bathing parades were a daily feature of the Camp, an d althoug'h the Cadets were given plenty of free time,

A I D.

Reports.

First Aid was not forgotten, and some very useful work was done. ext year's Summer Camp will also be at Dovercourt, where the Division has arranged to again meet the new Coventry and Nuneaton friends. FINCHLEy.-On August 19th and 20th members of the Finchley Division arranged a week-end camp at the cross-roads, Elstree Mill, and the experiment proved a great success. Twenty members of the Division attended, with additional visitors from Edgware Division, including Supt. J. Standingford. Dist. Officer C. T. Osborn spent the greater part of the Sunday at the camp. The Public Duty Officer also paid a visit. The camp combined Road Patrol and also included Field Drill when cases for transport to Field Hospital were set. Dist. Officer Osborn judged the latter event. SOUTHALL.-The sixth Annual Open-air Service, organised by the Southall Division, in conjunction with the R.A.O.B. Southall Lodges and kindred societies, will be held in Southall Park on Sunday, September 24th. With permission of the Assistant Commissioner for the \Vestern Area (Mr. S. J. Warren), an invitation is extended to all Divisions wishing to attend. The parade will assemble at 2.45 p.m. in Adelaide Road and, headed by bands, will march to the Park. An address wiII be given by Lieut.-Col. J. T. Woolrych Perowne, V.D., T.D., Knight of Justice of the Order of St. John. Should the weather be unfavourable, the Directors of the Gaumont-British Pictures, Ltd., have given permission for the service to be held in the Palace Theatre, Southall. The newly-acquired motor ambulance will be dedicated during the service.

No. II. District. SOUTHsEA.-Members of the Southsea Division are feeling justly proud of Pte. Victor I\1axted, a keen and efficient member of the Division, who gallantly rescued three girls who were in danger of drowning in the sea off the 'vVestern Esplanade at Ryde, on August 9th. One girl got into difficulties, her cries for help attracting the other two girls, but they also got into difficul ties. At this moment 'Pte. l\Iaxted came along the beach and saw the girls struggling in the water. He at once dashed into the sea fully clothed and succeeded in assisting all three girls safely to the shore. WESTON-SUPER-MARE.-A congregation of over 1,000 attended a drumhead service, organised by the vVestonsuper-Mare Corps, and held on the Beach Lawns on Sunday evening, August 20th. The Divisions formed up at the Town Hall, and, headed by the Bristol Ambulance Band, marched to the Beach Lawns. Officers present included County Officer S. J. Bailey and Corps Supt. E. J. DOWding. Mr. W. Maggs conducted the Bristol Ambulance Band, and the service, organised by Mr. John Baker (~on. secretary of the Ambulance Supporters' OrganisatIOn), was conducted by the Rev. F. A. Pollard (curate

P1RS'l ~l. I\tt1l'~ and chaplain to thc local mbulancc Corps). Thl: ~t. Paul's and Good Shephcrd Church Choirs werc in attendance.

No. III. District. B1R}IIXGH.\}L-.\ vi'it hayino' been arranged to thc London Hospital ).lcdical College, ome 70 members of the Birmingham Corps, comprising N .. C.O. and other ranks, pre ented them ch'c at the ho pltal on aturday, September 9 t h . . ., . A yery interestll1g and 111 tructrvc lectur.c "'a ~ gl\',en Iw Amb. Officer IIarri who has not lost hIS skill WIth tIle crayon nor his ability to an wcr questioll".. A la.rgc cnllection of pecimcns wa' handccl_ round fo~ lllspectlOn, A yote of thanks to Amh, Officer Harn was propo cd by Sergt. LO\\'C and carried with acclamation, aftcr \\ hich a tour of the College 111U cum " 'a made. The party then split up to see the sights of Lon~on, several members going to the Royal IIerbert Ho pltal, \Y 001 wich, to visit old friends.

No. IV. (Lancashire) District. BCR)'''LEY.-The ~1a yor and 1\1ayoress of Burnl!?~, Alderman and )'1r . R. - Place) haye received numerO\l~ cOlwratulations on their admission to the Order of St. J oh~ as Officers. Yice-Admiral Campbell, V.C, )'I.P" sent the following telegram:. " )'ly \\'ife and 1 send hearty congratulatIons to you and the -:'Iayoress on your ,,'ell-deserved honour, for all that YOU haye done for the Victoria Hospital, and we feel ;ure that the whole community will be glad that your seryices have been so worthily recognised." CLITHEROE,-After welcoming detachments of Ambulance men from Blackburn, Accrington, Padiham Read and Simon tone. Abbey Village, and Clitheroe, the Mayor of Clitheroe (Councillor 1\1anley) re.ferred to ~he servi~e~ o O'enerously O'i\"en during the ord1l1ary rout1l1e of dally life~ in the lat: war} and in times of National stress and conflict the Ambulance movement did a great work. In connection with the late \'Var the :Mayor mentioned th~t in 1914 he volunteered hi services to the army authorlties but was rej ected as being too old. The same thin,g happened in 1915, a year later having poli, hed up hi knowledge of the Ambulance methods he tned to enter the R.A.M.C, but was again turned down, "In 1918" the :\1ayor exclaimed, " the army \'.'anted me-sent for me -and passed me A1, but it was too late then, the war was practically over." COLNE.-The Annual Drum-head Service, arranged R.epresentatives from Morecambe, Nelson, Barnoldsvnck, Padiham, Whalley, Read, Rawtenstall, and other districts being present. Ther~ was. a large ~ttendance of the public, who heard glow1l1g tnbutes paId to the work of the Association by the Rev. H. 1\1. Bleby, who gave an address on " Practical Christianity." The Rev. A. P. Thorn, M.A., Rector of Colne presided, and other ministers taking part were the Revs. 'J. H. Bedford and Burgoyn, Following an inspection by Con:missi<:mc:- W. G. Smith, of Liverpool, No.4 (Lancashue) Dlstnct" the Corps, hea~ed hy their band, marched to the town s war memonal, where a wreath was laid.

by the Colne Corps} was held at Alkincoates Park.

T .

CRAWSHAWBOOTII.-The "Daniel Hall" trophy, which the Crawshaw-booth Division won at the South-East Lancs. Review, was presented b:r the do~or, Alderman Daniel Hall at a Social Gathenng held 111 Crawshawbooth, orga~ised in celebration of the winning of the

eptember, 1933.

A 1 1).

.. Lady Trickett' hield in the Ro.ssendale Competi.tion. During the cvcning a silver cup, given by the PreSident and his brother-in-law, Mc srs. ykes and F. Howson, \\-as presented to the Division by. Mr .. SY,kes. For five successivc years thIS Dl\TlSlOn has won the "Lady Trickett" ,'hicld! thcir t~tal strength is 34, and 10 mcmbcrs with a comblJ1cd enlce of 206 years, possess the en'ice 1\1eda1. The Mayor of Ra\\'tenstall (Alderman ]. Hame~) extcnded congratulations to the Division, and othc~ trIbutes were paid by Alderman Barrett, J.P" and CouncJllor 1\lr . ] Iolland. -:'lANCllESTER,-The King has granted the, dignity o~ 'crvillg Brother 01 thc \ 'c llerablc Order 01 t. John 01 'crusalem to three memhcr 0 f the 1anchc ter and Salford Corps. They arc Di\,. ~ upt. J. A. North,. qp.ensha\\' Division, Div. lIPl. \V. Buckley,. qO,rton DlVl lOn, and Amb. Officer anders, of Hulme Divi lOn. OLDIIA~I.-A party () [ !)Iillcl and partiall), 11lll1,d Uldham children were taken lor a threc weeks hnlt<lay (0 the Blind Children's II nlicla) Hom!? at Id ('ol \\) 11. During their stay they will be c(~rcd for b) ).r r. J. Hennes~y, 11iss Th01l1p.nl1. and )'llSs .\ cd. all 1llt'l1ll1u's of the Oldham Corps.

. \BDEx,-Prior to thc COIllPl'\l\lI)I1 S i()r tht .. ~Ir \\'illiam Brass, -:'I.P." l\ml)Ulancc Shield <tnd the" .\Iar.\ .\gne\Y" Nursing Trophy, held at abcll'll ll~ the Pa(lIhall1 and District Corps. the Ul1lt ·, \vho marched 111 prnC~ _SI~)Il with thc Ambulance Qucen, \\ LrC in:peClL'd by DIstrict Officer 1\1ajor J. A. ).lackcnzie, ),1. A. , l\1.B. . The J udg-cs \\ ere Corps ur"'CUll R. J. larke, Blackhurn, Diy. Surgeon T. \ '. vVood , Great IIan\ ood, and Di \', Surgeon R. O. David or:, Burnk) , fO,r th_e Ambulance Tet, and Lady Dl\', urg.-eOll 111 E. Canfield, Blackburn, for the ursing Compelitllin. The Hapton Team \\ a~ sncce sful in the mbulallcc contest and the X ursing Trophy \\ a \\ on by ,a bden, The next Competition will be held at H.ead. T

No . V. District. G.\IXSBOROCGll,-LicUL- '01. \\'. II. Fisher a,H.E., ASltant Commi sicmer inspected the C;,llllsbnrough Dl\'ision on August 27th. He congratulated upt. R. \\'hite, who Llccl:cued :\~r. F, F. Linley, when the latter was proJl]oted Dlstnct Officer on his enthusiasm, "upt. \Vhite ha ' presented all cfficien'cy trophy and for t\\ 0 .\ cars in succession the Division has won the ,. Else" Trophy for the 1110St efficient Division in the area. HOUGHToN.-Houghton Division held their fifth Annual Competition for the "Houghton and District" hie1d at the Church Schools, Great Houghton, the winning team being Hickleton Main, 2, Barnburgh Main, 3, West Riding Colliery No.1. Seven teams competed, ;.; ewmarket Silkstone, Sharlston West, Pontefract c., Barnburgh Main, Hickleton Main, West ~iding C Nos. 1 and 2. Individual winners were R. SWift and A. LoU (llickleton Main), J. Sheard (Newmarket Silkstone) and F. Hancox (Pontefract C). A special prize award~d by Mrs. Carlile, of Darfield, was won by E. Shaw (Hlckleton 11ain). The Judges were Dr. Castle (Darfield) and Dr. McColm (Thurnscoe). The prizes werc presented by Mrs. McColm, of Thurnscoe. The Secretary was Mr. orman Shaw (Thurnscoe). SUEFFIELD.-The Sheffield Corps gave a display on

September, 1933.

FIR S T

Saturday, September 2nd, on the Niagara Sports Ground, when the Annual Inspection also took place. There were nUl11crous thrilling staged accidents, one heing the rescuing 01 three men from a burning house. Two cyclists collided just inside the ground and so well staged was the accident that the crowd could hardly be lieve that it was a staged event. The inspection was carried out by Commissioner ,c;. W. Malkin, accompanied by Assistant Commissioners Harry C Else and Capt. 0, F. Buxton. The parade was mder command of Corps Supt. Hamer F. Russell, M.P., wi th Officer Charles H. For ter a his second in command. Other officers pre cnt includcd the County Surgeon, Dist rict Officer K. H. Beverley; the Lady District Officer, ~Ii s G. A hIJerry' the Corps Inspector of Stores, J. H. 1 Yewton, Corps Officer John R. Rus ell (who acted as \.D.C to the in pecting- officer), Corps egt.-l\1ajor \u tin Fielding, and the following- uperintendents: Mrs. ' Vindle, Mrs. Duke, }.[r . Pole, 1Irs. Fulford, :\Iessrs. E. ( ;eldart, R. P. RIchard, and A. EI on. Brigade en'ice Medals were pre entcd to Lady Supt. \Ir . J. \\'ll1dk, Lady Officer 1\li5s J. Beaumont, Sergt. J, H, hepherd, orpl. G. Teather, and 1iss Hepworth. An added attraction \\ a the playing of both the : heAield Pol icc Bane! and the band of the Corps. "-.\KEFIELD.-The \Vakeficld Ambulance Divi ion un der upt. E. Gray, aSSIsted hy member from the Crafton Di\ ision, and the local .I. Tur ing Di\'i ion under . 11 Brigg'" ane! ;'\[1' IIrmard lIall, performed duty at 'he \\'akeficld C;)1llkhan<t amI Gala held on Augl1 t 8th, Two fully equipped fir t aiel tent \\ ere in . tailed, and twc nty-. IX ca.l'S recei\'cd (rcatment, 1110" tl) minor wounds, 'a p _lIng'> and fall1h. Two patient \\ ere ent to h05":tal-one of which \\ as dLtaincd. The one detained \\ a a little girl \\ hu had been hro u~ht in <;l1ffl ring from abdominal pain.. C;upt. Gray's ,ttc nlion "a' c1ra\\ n to the ca c and a iter a careful ('a mination, cllat.:nocd suspected arrcnclicitis. which \\ as c mfirlllCci nn arri\al at the ho.pital. The patient's parcnts \\ erc \ isitccl and ('xpres cd Hclt dul thank. to the Brigade, the father rcmarking how it' \. people rlalised the valuc of Amhulancc work until ~rch caSe occurred.

A I D.

while bathing at Dawlish Warren. Desperate efforts were made to revive him after he had been taken from the water by two other bathers. Ptes. Southard, Hammett and Barnes of the Exeter Division carried on artificial respiration for 1t hours until he was pronounced dead by a doctor. Joining the Division in 1928 Pte. Bulley was much respected by all members. The funeral took place at Kcnn Parish Church. Thirty men and nurses in charge of Supt. E. A. Bowden, M.B.E., marched from Kennford to the church, whilst six comrades, in charge of Sergt. Green, acted as bearers. At the graveside the" Last Post" was sounded by Pte. \V. Casling, members of the Brigade filing past the grave to give the final salute. Floral tributes included representative wreaths from Officers, N.CO.'s and PriYates City of Exeter Ambulance, and Nursing Diyi ions, and the St. John Ambulance Association Committee.

No. X. District. ,;:\1AXXIXGTREE.-After thirty years of flourishing existence the ).1anningtree Division has reached another mile tone in it path of progress by establishing a modern and well-equipped Ambulance station. Through the kindne s of Brig.-General B. Atkinson, the 0\\ ner, and ),11'. G. Gilhert, the tenant, one of the

o. VIlI. (Duke of Connaught's) District. TU:-.lBRIDCE \\TELL. .-.\t the annual in pection of the TtJ\1 bridge Wells Di\'ision, :\Iajor \Y, F. oble, the Assistant C.Jn1 missioner for Kent, prai ed the Di\·i ion on tile aquisition of an\\' Rolls-Royce motor ambulanc , and for the gt era l eHicicnc), and progre s. The new ambu lance ha provision for t \\'0 tretchers, or al mately one stretcher and two adjustable leather seat and the stret her i of an 11nique pattern, having been made b) \m b. Officer Owen, orman. ~laj()r Noble was, he said, pleased to ee the two new se ons, Pembury n.nd Capel, strongly represented. He cOl'lrne nted upon the neat and efficient appearance of all fl1l'lbe rs. After inspecting the books and equipment, as well as perso nnel, ~lajor oble, who \Va accompanied by District Ot 1 'cr Hancox, presented a five-year bar to Amb. Officer OI\'e l1 Norman. The parade was under the charge of Supt. H. \Vbibly, ass,.,ted by Amb. Officers Harmer and Norman, and Tran pall Officer MuFfett.

No IX. District. EXETER.-The Exeter Division lost an enthusiastic

and keen worker when ' .pte. Leonard Bulley lost his life

The ne\\' Ambulance Post of the 1\lanningtree Di\'ision. entrance lodges to old 1\1istley Hall has been repaired and fitted up as a station. The building wa de igned by the famous architect Robert Adam, in the year 1781. Although in excellent state of pre en-ation much work had to be done, and members under Supt. E. J. Lovell tackled this themselves. Funds were rai ed by \\-hist drives and the interior fitted up for use, The Manning-tree Division i one of the oldest in Essex, and the tep in fitting up the ncw Ambulance post places it amonO' the most progressi\'e. A few of the original members are still in the Division. County urg-eon Dr. S . Bree, Supt. E. J. Lovell and Amb. Officer W. E. Salmon being among this number. Recently the Division received a vi it of inspection at their new headquarters on \Vedne day from 1\1r. H. Langley Jones, the Assi tant Commissioner for the County of Essex. vVork was et for the memher bJ' th~ county surgeOll,

FIRST

Dr. . Bree, and after he had examined the Division's efficiency. 1\1r. Langley Jone addre sed the men, complimenting them upon their efficiency. It was very gratifyino-, he continued , to ee the way the younger men were coming forward to fill up the gaps.

Common Mistakes in Pirst Aid. FRACTURED RIBS.

"The symptoms of se'vere contusion of th e thorax JJla)' often be sItrpl isingly 'iligM, e'ven in the presence of gra'l.'e visceral lesions."

THIS quotation, taken from the writings of a distinguished American surgeon, gives a hint as to the nature of the mistake most commonly made when ribs are fractured. The patient has had a fall or has been sq ueezed between a cart and a wall. The pain and sense of discomfort in the chest experienced at the time of the accident are slight, and grow slighter during the first half-hour or so. A first aid worker is hardly allowed to feel the patient's ribs, so sturdily does the latter insist on the trifling character of the injury he has suffered. "Summon a doctor! But why? He will only tell me what I know already-that I am just bruised! I will resume work in a minute or two, and shall have forgotten about this little incident by to-morrow." 11eanwhile he is unconsciously bleeding to death internally. A rib has been fractured, one of its broken ends has lascerated a blood vessel, and its contents are being slowly but steadily emptied into the pleural cavity or some other space where its presence is at first overlooked. Presently the pressure of this effused blood on the surrounding structures provokes symptoms such as shortness of breath and a feeling of suffocation. Or the invisible loss of blood makes the patient so ancemic that he feels faint. Perhaps he does actually faint. But now all concerned are thoroughly alarmed. A doctor is sent for, and the patient is hurried into hospital. An operation is performed and the bleeding is arrested. But, owing to the delay, the operation fails to save the patient's life. Such tragedies would not be so frequent were first aid workers and the general public more familiar with what actually happens when pressure on the chest reaches the point at which one or more ribs give way. They are not easily fractured in children, whose ribs are comparatively elastic. As age advances) the ribs become more brittle. The most common cause of fracture of the ribs is external violence, such as a blow or a fall

A 10.

Septembe r, 1933,

upon the chest, or com pression between two unyielding objects. Usually more than one r ib is fractured, but displacement is rarely marked, except when several ribs have been staved in. The third to the ninth ribs inclusive are those most often fractured, as they are comparatively prominent and fixed at both ends . The first and second ri bs are protected by the collar bone, and the last ribs escape injury because of their comparative mobility. Evidence of fractured ribs includes a sensation of something snapping or giving way, a sharp local pain which increases on deep breathing or coughingJ and, sometimes, local swelling. A fracture of a single rib in a fat parson is very easily overlooked. If, however, a rib is broken in more than one place, its excessive mobility will readily betray its secret. The crunching sensation due to one end of a rib grating against another is also instructive, but may be very painful for the patient. Of course, in the worst cases, with spitting of blood and escape of air from the lungs, through the site of the injury, to the tissues under the skin, the diagnosis of fractured ri bs is only too easy. \Vhat to do pending the arrival of a doctor summoned at once? Is the patient's chest to be bandaged or not? Yes, but lightly, and with a larCTe bandaCTe. A narrow bandage, tightly tied, may force the broken ends of a rib inwards. The bandage must allow of some expansion of the chest, even on the injured side. The arm on this side should be placed in a sling or otherwise immobilised. The advice given in the First Aid l\lanual of the German R d Cross is very sound. It recommends a half-sittin CT position as the most comfortable, with the patient reclining on his back or on the injured side, so as to limit its movements as much as possible. He should be encouraged to breathe superficially only and to a void all speech. As in so many other emergencies, a few simple measures are more effective than a fussy activity.

The Wath Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association will celebrate, in O ctober, ils jubilee.

At a recenl outbreak of food poisoning among the sta:-'at the Municipal Ho pital, Burnley, lhe llIembers of the local Division of the St. John Ambulance Brig-ade gay valuable assistance. The Burnley Town Council, as an expression of their appreciation, have forwarded a donation of £2 2s. towards the funds of the Division.

We are prepared to suppl y Ambulance Secretaries and oth ers with specimen copies of this Journal fo r distribution among their members. Apply to th e Publishers, FIRST AID, 40 Cannon St., London E. C. -4.

September, 1933.

FIRST

A 10.

Przory for Wales. . rEMBROKESHIRE CE 'TRE ACTI\' /TY. It 1S \·er~· appropriate that the county which in the early days the history of the Order in lhis country could boast of ha~lng 1I.1e larg sl Commandery of the Order shOUld be prTomlnenl In lI~e present day activities of lhe Priory for \\ a~.es ; ~nd whde lhe need. of St. John organisalion and sc n ICC IS I~ss pronounced 111 agricultural counlies like re mbrokes.hlre than in the densely populated, indu trial (reas deflnlte ad\ ances are bein~ made towards the developme nt of the AI~lbulance :\~o\ emenl in thal County. PreSident of thi PI T The B . S Counl'"'J Centre , SI'r H e n rEy .E. 11 ~pps, art., entcrtalned the member of lhe Committec It Picton Ca lie, lIa\'crford\\'cst, on Saturday, August 19th " hen he \\'as . urported b, the Lady Presidenl (1 F I ' PI T ) I J PI " . rs. 0 ey 11 Ipp. , Jet.Y 1tilrrs, lhe Baron de Rutzcn, Lady (Evan) Jo nc~, Irs ~I c ke rton Edward, Irs. Burlei~h Leach i\[r Da nl e.1 Daniel, th e Re\erend alld :'IJrs . \V. H. B;rnes' ~:.l ptaln and \[ r'>. harp, Colon I If. E . Porler, Dr. F. E~ ( ,tl.l am, 1\1r. C. II. L .l\\'rcnce , !\[r ' . \\' rl'glc,' J ones (C entre Treas urc.r) ..\Ir .. E . .\1. E\all , :'IIr. J. o~r a-nd other. In hiS npl'nlng clddrc~ ., Sir Henry stale d that he had

petition at the conclusion of the meeting . Refe' , rn n 0- t 0 t h e nee d f or t.h e developmen.t of the work of the Orde~ in the Cou.nty, SIr Henry mentlOncd that he obtained his first aid cerll.ficate more than forty years ago and he felt it was their duty ~o :ee that tha~ the work of the St. John Ambulance ASSOCia tIOn was contmued unceasingly. In thc unfortunale absence owing to illn ~ f L' C o Ione I W . B'IC 1{erton Ed wards' C B E the ess, t leul " ' ' . ., repor 0 f t h' e C ommlSSloner was presented by Mr Dan'lel 0 . I I I }' . anle. t\\'as s lown the Bri<Yade had made II'ttle progress smce . 1I ' I t lat ",hlle . 1:> lC ast beyond the reaistration of a Ca d e t D'IVlSlon .. f lmeetlllg ' ,.., o near y sixty boys at Goodwick, Association work had advanced steadily ' the innovation of J unlOr . CI asses and CI . asses for Omnibus Service Employees havin roved highly successful: In 1932 the number of stude~ts ~n the County ,,\'ho qualtfled for awards totalled 2 9 7 ' f 90 on the pre\' ious year. -an Illcrease 0 he ~on. John Bruce addressed the meeting on the relationship between the Priory and its Ce n t re C ommlttees . . . I _t le rev. l Ionf of the constitution of which \\'as reCel"-;Illg- t h'e atlentlon 0 Headquarter Committees . H e \, -as worklflg . . v

Bre coll hire Policc .\mbulance Team liB" D' ." 193 " . ' 1\ I IOn, .), Slanding: P C '~ I . . ,), ~e\\' I, P . " .51 ;\lay, .\mb. Instruclor Supt. J. Barber Col G e l LI 'It C (Chief on labl ) P C 13 B ' . . . 0 e 1. amI on, . l.G., D.S.O. Seated: P C 6 7 ' < e , .. , ennetl, P: C. of Marks (reser\'e). . . Htlbert , upl. D. T. I.... "an , Actll1g-Sergt. 57 E. \Villiam (captain). 'il'( ured lhe sc -\.' , . . I Ile!:) 0 f a nU11l ber of ne\v members 011 tIle COI1l 111lttee . I \\ ,a flOW fairly . vari . ' \\·1l1C.1 representati\'c of the \\ hi~ uS 11ltere!:) ls 111 the County. On the last occasion 011 h the Cenlre Committee had met in 1930 he Ilad ' pI ssed tl I I exthl ' holdi~e lope llat an ?~portunity would present itself for th t he ~ of a competitIOn; and he was glad to report presented ~d t~eenl able. to arrange for the shield to 110 y le ate SIr Hugh Thomas and put Trllste~~rpo;e ffr se\'e~al years past lo be vested in the Ilnle 0 llC Pnory for annual competition by ('~lllJ,,~;nbulal1ce teams resident in Pembrokeshire. The tee would have the pleasure of seeing the first com-

lo:"ards a more c01l1prehen~ive representation on the C01l1l111ttees, and certain proposals were discu sed. In .p:oposing a \'ote of thanks to Sir Henry Philipps for entertaJnlflg the . Rev W . H . B arne, I V' the Centre Committee, Wl0, ~s lea: of Slebech, holds on St. John'S Dayeach rear a speCial serVIce on the ruins of the old Church of St Jol spol{e o f th e associatIOn " . ln, of Picton with Slebech; and he h~ped that the keenness that he had seen displayed at Cardiff ll11ght be transmitted to Pembrokeshire. The .\'ote ",as seconded by Lady J one and carried with acclamatIOn. Four tealll en t ere d f or l h e competition organised by

F I R .,s T

~lr. C. H. Lawrence, at which Dr. D. Havard, of Newport (Pem.), and Dr. Edward R. vVilliam, of ~laen.cloch~g, adjudicated. The doctor both expres ed sattsfactlOn wl~h the general standard of efficiency of the teams sl:own 111 dealing with the yarious te ts. The team test, wluch was held on the la\\"n outside the Castle, wa as follows : \Vhen on a route march (with full equipment) through a countn' district you are called by a man who tells you that the farm-er ha been attacked and knelt upon by a bull. He leads you to a field and lying by the hedge you find the farme;. DETAILS OF TEST.

6 Enquiry 1'e bull Examination of Patient. Head ... 2 i\eck . .. 2 Shoulders 2 Arms .,. 2 Chest (wound left side) .,. 2 Ribs (fractured right side) (simple) 2 Spine... 2 2 P elvis (fracture) Lea s 2 D~~tor (three miles) 2 Hospital (three miles) ... ... ... 2 Telephone (balf mile) (man and horse or cycle a\'ailable) 4 Explicit instructions to messenger ... 4 \Yife arri\'es excited. Tactful dealing with her 10 Treatment of h;:emorrhage S ~~und 5 ribs... 5 pelvis 5 " shock S Loading stretcher... : ... ... S Last Card.-Convey to gate quarter mile away, last half of journey up hill; hand over to nurse. 5 Transport 5 Handing o\'er 14 Extras ...

Total

100

The follo\ving results were announced by the Hon, John Bruce : Team. Individual. Team Test. Total. Neyland G. \V. R. 128 72 200 Pembroke County P(llice 120 77 197 Fishguard and Goodwick 102 S8 160 Greens' ~10tors 97 S9 1S6 In introducing Lady Philipps, wife of the President, ~1r. Br.Jce thanked her Ladyship and Sir Henry for their kindness in in\'iting them to Picton and allowing them to hold the competition in such beautiful surroundings. He thanked the medical men for their valuable services; and paid glowing tribute to Mr. Lawrence for the able manner in which he had carried out the arrangements for the competition. Lady Philipps presented the massive shield to the ~ eyland Team and handed monetary gifts to the Captains of this and the Police team. A vote of thanks to Sir Henry and Lady Phillips, Mr. Bruce and all who had contributed to the success of the day was proposed by Mr. \Vrigley Jones and seconded by Mr. Lawrence; and a very happy function was concluded by three hearty cheers for Sir Henry and Lady Philipps. FIRST INSPECTION OF BRECKNOCKSHIRE UNITS.

The remarkable rapidity with which the Commissioner for Brecknockshire, Lieut-Colonel C. G. Cole-Hamilton, C.M.G., D.S.O., the Chief Constable of the County, has formed Classes and Divisions since his appointment is a striking example of what may be done in a purely a~ricul -

AID.

Septem be r, 1953.

tural county to develop the work of the Order, which is sometimes regarded as capable of developmenl only in the industrial areas. The Commissioner for V\'ales (the Han. John Bruce) paid a well deserved tribute to the Centre Commissioner's untiring energy and enthusiasm al tbe annual inspection of the Divisions of the Brigade held on Saturday, August 26th, at Brecon. O\'er t'vvo hundred members were present, including men from Cefn Coeu, Brecon, Clydach and Di trict, TallyIlyn, Pontsticill, Llangammarch Wells and Erwood, the Buc1dand-Bwlch and Brecon Tur ing Di\'isions and Cefn Coed and Clydach and Di trict Cadets. After the general salute had been caken the members were drawn up for inspection by the Hon. John Bruce and Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O. B. E. Among tho. e present were the Commissioner, with Irs. Cole-Hamilton and 1\1 i S oleHamilton, Brigadier-General R. P . T. Hawkesley, c.l\l.G , D.S.O. (Centre Chairman), the Mayor and layores of Brecon (Captain and l\Irs D. Stanley Francis), Colonel J. J. Jones, l\Iiss E. 1\1. Powell, 1r. Da\'id Powell, the Re\'erend and Irs. J F. Beck, the Re\'erend G. Hor R. Jones, Dr. T. L. Davies, Dr. N. T. K. Jordan, tafT Officer ,\rden Coppage and Deputy Chief Constable \\'. Williams. Following the inspection, theHon. John Bruce addresc:ed the Brigade. He said that during the la t couple of year he had insp ~ cted practically e\'ery unit in Korth and outh Wales, but he had no hesitation in saying that no inspection had given him so much pleasure as the one that day. The reason was tllat their presence there had ,:,oh'ed a problem which had given him a great deal of difliculty. Breconshire had paved the way for getting rural, and predominantly aaricultural counties interested in their ambulance \\'ork. The officers, particularly the Commis ioner had ho\\'n that it was possible for every county town and \'illag-e to tart a first aid or home nursing clas , and de\'elop it into a Di \ ision. They were all proud to belong to the t. John ..\m bulance Brigade, particularly in \Vale , where the membership \\'as increasing at the rate of 800 a year. T\\'o year ago the membership was 8,600, and at present it was 10,200. On the Association side there wt're 2,500 tuJent qualified in Wales in 1918, 12,500 in 1930, and 15,600 last year. This was a splendid increa e and the Brecknockshire entre had contributed considerably towards it. \\'hen the Centre was formed the membership of the "Cnits in the indu trial areas was 166. Colonel Cole-Hamilton was appointed COlllmissioner in December, 1931, and, ince then, the number of examinations had been doubled, the student increa ed from 300 to 500, and in the Brigade there were fi\'e hundred members instead of 166. This was an extraordinary record and the heartiest thanks of the Priory were due to the Commissioner for his organising ability, for taking advantage of being at the bead of a fine body of constabulary and causing the members of the force to generate in every town and vilbge in the county an interest in ambulance work. ~nder his leadership, with Brig.-Gen. Hawkesley, and the PreSIdent (Lord Glanusk) they should make excellent progress in the future as they had done in the past. Lady Lewis welcomed the members of the new Brecon Nursing Division. She hoped other 'ursing Divisions would be formed, and that all members of the Brigade would realise that help was needed in the agricultural districts as well as in the districts where there were factories and collieries. This had been a splendid parade, and she was glad to be able to congratulate Colonel Cole-Hamilton on the areat success of his efforts. :::'The Mayor of Brecon said it was a great privilege to be the first mayor to welcome an ambulance parade to the town. It was the first occasion for an inspection to be held in Breconshire, and he would like to congratulate them heartily on their smart appearance. Brig.-Gen. Hawkesley app~aled to all the residents of Breconshire to help them financially and with their int~res t in the ~reat work they were doin!).

September, 1955 .

FIR S T

1\1 Llsic was provided by the Brecon Ex-Servicemen's Band, under th~ leadership of 1\l r. D. Buchanan; and warrants of app01l1tment were presented to Divisional Supt. C. II. Parl{er, Divisional Supt. T. M. Jones, Divisional Supl. E. II. Collet, Ambulancc Onkcr J. E. Pugh, and .\mbulance O/Ticcr T. G, Daniel. CW!\I CY'ON AND DEEP DUFFRYN COLLIERIES ,\IOUNTAfN ASIJ.

Dl\'JSIONS,

On Sunday afternoon, September 10th the above named Di\ i,:,ions joined in a Church Parade. Bo~h Di\'isions met a t Poplar~ Field, from where they proceeded to St. \Iarg-arct's Chur:ch, where an address was delivered by lr. O. Temple ;'\101 rtS, I. P. lIe ga\'e a splendid address on " British Justice," which \\'a appreciated by all present. The ptlradc, which was organi cd by lr. \Y. A. ,\lor!-: an, :\1. E., was quite a ucce . Betw en 70 and 80 membe r altcndt'd, ~nder th.e. ~irection of Supt. \\'m. Anthony, of the \\,111 Cynon DJ\'lslon, who was upported by his fe lkl\'; ollicer . '

The Royal Life Saving Society. Co. Tl)\L'l~(, our ails\\, I s to quc tion , a taken from the Bronzc .\ ledallion standard of the ociet}' examination, we co me to : Quc -tion 14. \\'l1en rcscuin~ a tircd wimmer why s hould you in"-lruct him to kcep his arms traig-ht? '\\'Iw 1.1il \·c you been. tau~ht to swim round with y'Our subject lI1s tead of turnIng hllll. round in ali uprig-ht position? . \n:wl'I·. The object of in tructing the \\'immer to ke~ p h.1 arms ~traight is to pre\'cnt the Ie cuer from s Wimming 0\ l' r the subj~ct, to reI asc the weight from his ... h o ~luer and to I?I1~urc that the leg. of the wimmer are no t Imp.eded .. B~ swimming- round with thc ubject instead of tUrJlll1g' hllll, tl~e rescuer learns to guide hi ubject, a n~c\! s~ar) accompll~hl11ent if he has to bc steered in an\' d ll:ecllOn: :\1 an) s\\'iml11ers find the guiding difficult \\,he;l tl'i lng lhl~ method, because of the unequal power exerted by legs, and /or arms. . Qu~sti()n 15. .\t what level shou Id the break from the Wrts.t gnp be made, and \\'h);> \\,h)' hould \our arm. be st raight thl-oug-hout? :\'hat would you do if the grip wa me r the hack of your \\'rtt ,thumb on the inside? , :\n wer. TI.ll' ,brcak f~om the wrist grip must be made ,It hlp )I;!nd, as It IS at thl point that the maximum force can bc e'\erted. The object of keeping the arms traight is to cnabl.e the release to be donc efTectiveh', thereby pulling the s ubject. clo er in t!l~ .cndeavour to s~bl11erge- his face, ,tl:~ Je enlng- th? po Ibtllt) of a econd grip. If the arms <1 1 \.! no t I~ept straIght, the tendency will be to endea\'our to c~ect thl~ releae on or abm'e the surface of the water. \\ hen grtpped O\'cr thc back of the ""rists, the action should be rC\'er ed by rai ing the arm upward and outwards and thereb) breaking the g-rip. ' Que tion 16.-\Vhen releasing "our eld ill the 2nd :'I lethod, what part is taken by (a) ;'ou~ right hand, (b) your left hand, (c) your legs? vVlw should the pu h be towards the bottom of the water? ,. Answer.-.(a) The right hand is brought up outside the '~ 11,11 of the ~ubJect,.the palm of the hand is placed under his chill and hIS nostnls pinched between the second and third fi ng er. (b) .The left hand is placed in the small of the subject's back, With thc object of pulling him towards and under the rescuer. 1 (c) At the moment of making the release in the water, t le legs are sharply brought together in order to raise tbe re.s~uer ab.ove the subject, tbus giving power to push down Wlt 1 the nght hand, and pull closer with the left. The push

At O.

is made towards the bottom of the water in order to submerge the face of the subject, causing him to swallow water and choke, with the result that he will release his grip. The ' rescuer should keep himself on top, and so maintain masten' of the situation. ' Question 17.-In the 3rd Method of Release what is the special work ot (a) the right hand, (b) the left iland, (c) the right leg? Why should there be a minimum distance between the subject and rescuer after any method of release? Answer.-(a) In order to force the head of the subject under the water, the right hand is thrust under his chin. (b) . The left hand is hooked on the right shoulder of the subject to loosen the grip of the arm and effect a downward pull. (c) The right knee is brought against the lower part of the ches.t with the object of exerting pressure of the body, o hel prog- to break the hold. In h is efforts to obtain another breath the subject will release his grip. There should be a minimum distance between the subject and rescuer after any method of release to ensure that the rescuer does not lose contact, and to expedite the actual rescue. Question 18.-If gripped by a dro\vning- person by an,· other than the three typical grips, \\'hat should you do, as ~ competent swimmer, in order to release yourself from the non-swimmer? Answer. - - The three methods taught are not, of course, fully conc\usi\'e, but form the b:lsis for read\' action by a ,,:,ell practised life saver, with \'ariation accordinJ:; - to cIrcumstances. The essential feature, however, is for the pr~1ctised swimmer to take the fullest advantage of his skill and keep uppermost by pushing the subject'S face under water. Question 19.-What are the boundaries of the chest? \Vhat does it contain? Answer.-The thorax, or che t i a cavit,- conical in shape, with the diaphragm as partition betwe'e'n the chest and abdomen, and surrounded by the ribs (which pass from the spine behind to the breast bone, or sternum, in front). It contains the heart, the larg-e blood-vessels, the lungs ~nd air-pipes leading to them, as well as the gullet or food-pipe. NOTE.- The Central Executive of the Royal Life SavinO' Society will always be pleased to arranae for a Lecturer t~ \'isit any U nit of the St. John Ambulan;e A sociation, or any similar orJ:;anisation to give Lectures and Demonstration ~f the~r methods of Sa\' ing Life from Drowning and the application of the Schafer lethod of Resuscitation. Full particulars can be obtained from the Chief Secretary, 8, Bayle\'treet, London, \ V. C.t. .

Simplified Home Nursing Couplets. PERSO AL

H YGI ENE.

Rest, Exercise, Outdoor Recreation Seven hours' sleep daily is your rati;n ; Food at regular intervals be Away fron~ sick room, ce'rtainly ; A warm bath daily, or sponge tlown, Attend to nails and skin around, For cuts and cracks, use iOdine'dres ina Teeth. scr.upulou~ly cleaned, no germs possessing; Const.lpatlOn banlshed by regular habits, Clothll1g washable, prefer white jacket. ~,

A/ S KNIGIIT ( Tottm.).

FIRST

A I D.

Ratlway Ambulance News. London and North Eastern.

team, and said thanks \\ ere due tu 1\Ir. \\'. E. Twinham J.nU the Committee; al 0 to the competing teams for th> per. ona l services they rendered to the general puhlic.

NORTH-EASTERN AREA.

On August 19th the 1\1iddlesbrough Di trict held thei r annual .. Field-day" and competition in the beautiful OTOll11d of Greatham Hall, through the kindne of Canon Pari h, \\'hen eio-ht teanL competed, Judged by Dr. il1ulholland of eaham and Dr. Mather of \\' e t Hartlepool, Middleshrough were declared the winners of the Challeno·e Cup; ::\1iddle br011O"h Dock. , econd, taking the .. ::\1orri .. Cup, \\' e, t Hartlepool Loco. being thinJ. Canon Pari h presented the cup, etc., and ,,·as thanked for the use of hi grounds for the day. On September 2nd the 1\Iiddlesborough and Darlington districts had their excursions makin o · Scarborough their venue when a mo t enjoyable day ,,·a;; spent hy the ea, in delightful weather. On September 6th the Darlington (Korth Road Loco. \York ) class held their Annual Social in the ~ .J.A.J3. Headquarter, when the Assistant \York j\.1anager (1\Ir. Reeye ) presided oyer a large audience. ome capital songs, dances, etc., were giyen by an excellent concert party, and at the interyal Dr. Hogg presented the awards to OYer 70 members of the cla s and congratulated them on their continued succes. He hoped that even more migh t join the class in the coming ession. He also handed to Mr. J. R. l\Io\\'att) cia s Secretary, an umbrella and fountain-pen for his seryice a Secretary, for which ':'1r. il1O\yatt returned thanks and said his ambition was td get the best class and largest on the XE. Area. Capt. George Jackson (General Secretary) presented gold medal for 15 years to Mr. J. Bowlby, 20-yea r bar to 1\1r. T. Robins, 25-year to 1\1r. J. B. Smith, and 30-year to 1\1r. 11. Fletcher, and congratulated them on their achieying the honour, and said he hoped that every member of the clas: would striYe to get similar awards. Dancing was then the oreler of the evening until a late hour. HULL.-The third Annual Open Competition of the Paragon (Hull) Class for the rt Caryer Cup" (presented by illajor W. H. Caner, M.P., J.P.) was held on September 2nd in the Royal Engineers' and Signals' Barracks, Hull. Sixteen teams competed, the judges being: TeamDr. ]. Eric Crook; Individual-Dr. Cha rl es A. Dean and Dr. J. G. Lindsay. After an instructive and \vell-arranged competition, Ea t Riding Police, Brough Di\'ision, with 216 marks were placed first, followed by 2, Dock Engineers, L. r .E.R., 199; 3, Hull Ea t, L. .E.R., 186 ~; 4, Newland Colliery, 17611\1rs. vV. H. Carver presented the Cup to the successful team, and prizes to the individual winners. A vote of thanks was proposed by Supt. R. H. Huddlestone (Deputy Chief Constable of the East Riding) to ),1ajor and 1\lr . Carver. He also thanked the doctors, the T e rritorial Army Association, and all who had helped. :\1r. T. v\'. Atkinson (County Commissioner, S.J.A.S.), in seconding the proposition, emphasised the importance of First Aid work and also the desirability of teaching the principles of First Aid among t he higher classes in the Elementary and Secondary Schools. lajor Carver) responding, congratulated the Brough

September, 193'; .

September, 1933.

SOUTHERN AREA. G.E. SE TION.

COLCIIE TER.-At the recent Im·e titure of the Grand Priory in the Briti h Realm of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. J Ohl1 of .T eru a1e111, Herbert Burrows (fitter, Loco. Running Dept., Parkeston Quay), and J ohl1 \Nilson (signal fittcr, Telegraph Engineer' Dept., Colche ter) were admitted as members of the Order in the Grade of Sening Brother. 1\1r. Burrow ha hee11 First Officer of the Parkcston and Harwich Division since 1918, and a competitor in the Parke ton and Harwich team \\ hich \\ on the G.E. ~ ection Cup in 1921 , 1922, and from 192-1- to 1931 inclu . ive, and on six occasion \\ a a member of one of the two teams representing the ompall)' in the Final 1nterRai lway Competition. lr. \iVilson was Fir t Officer of the CoIche ter Di\ ision from 1913 to 1923 inch1- i\'e, and i still a member of that Diyision. "When the \Viv cnhoe Diyi ion \\"a formcd in 1928, he took up the position of Fir t Officer to them with the object of helping them 011; he held this pO'ition until 1931. Besides having rendered, in their re pective phcrL, valuable assistance in the in ' truction of tudent, both the e gentlem en come in contact \\ ith a good mall) Fi r. t Aid ca es.

FIRST

the Docks Ianager, Newport; Mr. J. H. Cadwallader; Divi ional Ambulance Secretary, Mr. S. Elms, class secn~ tary, and many of his class members. \\'REXIIAM.-Althe Royal National Eisteddfod of vVales which took place at V\'rexham from August 7th to 12th lh~ \Vrex ham G. Vi. R. amhulanrc team was successf~1 in winn ing th Denbig-h hire Cup. Prize and gold medals were awarded to each n:ember of the team. They also ( nte red for til Lady LeWIS (Open) up and the Trevethin ~ hield, anc..l gained third and fourth prizes respectively in thest:: events. Tile team was com posed of Messrs. R. T ipton, J. \V. Sharman, F. foody, H. Eaton and \V i\Iorris. .

What Is Food Poisoning? IT .has been said. t~at food is the one subject in whIch everybody IS Interested. If this is so, it is remarkable that there should still be so much ignorance and so many misconceptions about a by-product o~ this subject-food-poisoning. Two terms-b~tullsm and . ptomaine poisoning-cover some cunously obstinate misconceptions which ought to have been dispelled long ago. BOTuLIs~f.

. GLOL'l'ESTER. The recent death of Mr. J. c. Lan, \\'hlC.h took place on August 9th, follo\\ ing- an operation, has d~r:I~· ed the Glouce ter G. W. R. Division of its popular ) " I lonal "~1l1 b.ulance ecretary. l\r r. Lane, who was a lost enthu<;la~lc ambulance worker, ha held that position IOce 1916. TIl keenness in everything- connected with the r.,t aid c~u e contributed largely to the success of the Jl o\"ement In the Division. lIe \\"as a\\'arded the "ellul11

-------.--.-----

Great Western. NEWPORT. - The Great v\'este rn Railway ambulance movement has sustained a severe loss in the death of Dr. Hamilton , of Newport, on July 30th. Dr. Hamilton, who was for many year lecturer to the 1\ewporl Docks ambulance class, was the trainer of the Alexandra Dock team, which won the inter-railway challenge shield on several occasious. As a competition judge he was in great requisition, and has several times acted in this capacity in the inter-railway contest, including the 1933 competition. He was a splendid first aid lecturer, and his kindliness and sincerity endeared bim to his students. It is plea ant to recoiled that he was able to be present at the G. v\'. R . Gold Medallists' outing at Abergavenny in May last. Among Dr. Hamilton's decorations was the Arnott medal, awarded for heroism, which was given him in connection with the dock disaster at Newport in 1909, \\·hen a trench collapsed at the new dock extension. Dr. Hamilton was the first medical man on the scene, and went down into the chaos of shifting sand, soil and wrecked timber, and actually performed an operation on a workman many feet below ground. He had for forty years devoted his time and talent to the promotion of ambulance work, and was a Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. At his funeral, which took place on August 1st, at Newport, the coffin was covered with the St. John Ambulance standard. The Great Western Railway was represented by Mr. Trevor Roberts, Divisional S.uperintendent ; Mr. R. C. Thomas, representing

A 10.

Pant, G. \V. R., .\ll1bulance Team, winners of the TafT Vale Railway hield, 1933. Vo te of Than}.; of th > Onler of 1. John in 1926 and ,,·as last year adn.litted to. the Order in the Grade ;f Serving rrot1~er. ~I lo ss \nll be deeply felt by all tho3c \\'ho were socJated With him .

\\l ntG. \\'.~. ~ENT.RE.- ew cIa c

f.or the f~rthcoming er es Lon dre In course of formatIOn at various places II ·0 u.ghout th':'! line. !\fany cIa ses hu\'c continued tIl ir ~ lc tlces during the summer, but with the shortenino- of the '1) S comes a renewal of activity. 1:> The annual report of the Centre ecretary of the past yea r's wor~{ is anticipated shortly, and although in view ()f L?C except ional staff conditions rrevailing-, it j< not likely to f.lo W any considerable recruitment in ne\\' members there is Itt~e d?ubt that the progress of the Centre is be'ino- \-\'ell ~ll11 ntall1ed, and that the prospects of the com ina- s~ssion ,Ire excelle nt. t"> "THE PLUMBER. « JOURNAL OF HEATING " mon t hly) Is THE paper for all progressive trades' men -PublisblDjt Office: ,6. CanDoD Street E . C . .4. IS .

This word is derived from the Latin , botulus , a sausage, on. the. assumption that sausages alone can cause thIS dIsease. Though its true nature ~as but recently been discovered, its manifestatIOns have been known to the med ical profession for more than a century. One of the first outbreaks on record occurred in 1793 at W urttemberg, where a sausage, packed in the stomach of a hog, and containing a great deal of blood, was eaten by several persons. Thirteen fell ill and six died as a .result of. this repast. Bacteri~logy was a non-exIstent sCience at this date so it is that the physicians who investigated this 'outbreak could not get nearer to the truth than calling it one of sausage-poisoning. In 1895, van Ermengem studied a series of cases in. Belgium a.nd succeeded in tracing them to a bacIllus, to whIch he gave the name: bacillus botul£JZus. It ~rm\'s in a great variety of food stu~s, both .anlm~l and vegetable, producing its tox.In or pOIson In the food before it is eaten. ThIS poison possesses certai n peculiar, well -defined features. It does not affect the smell, taste or appearance of the food, althouo-h it is one of the . b most pOlson.ous ~ubstances known, merely tasting food In which It was present having proved in some cases to be fatal. The poison acts primarily on . the cen.tral nervous system, the patients developtng varIOUS forms of paralysis . There is no fever, . and d iarrhc:ea and varni ting are rare. Yet · so :enous are the paralyses provoked that some 40 to .)0 per cent. of the patients die . Fortunately, botulism is a very rare disease. \Vhat has made it notorious is its hiah mortality and the dramatic and distressino- conditions unde; which it occurs : several persons~ hitherto perfectly wel l, suddenly collapse, and many of them die in a few hours. I n many cases the possibi l ity of ~urder has made such an event even more sensatIOnal. It is, therefore, well to put botulism in its proper place by quoting Professor Rosenau of Harvard University : "A d isease which durino- a . d 0 f 22 years, has made only about 150 ' people l:> peno III and • caused the death of 111 of these J amon 50approxlma.te ly 100 millions of people, cannot be compared In magn itude with t uberculosis and other health problems . "

FIR S T

The bacillus of botulism is widely distributed in nature and is found in manur and dust. It may also be present on fruit and vegetables before they are picked. \\ hile many outbreaks have been associated with the eating of sausages, ham or other forms of meat, certain outbreaks have been traced to beans and salads, not to mention fish) chi ken and turkey. The disease being microbic, its prevention "\ ill largely depend on mod rn principles of cleanliness. The poison of this bacill US can be destroyed by heating the food in which it is present for half an hour at a temperature of 80 C. Cooking, immediately before eating, is, therefore, a safeguard. But as the presence of this poison is not, as has already been pointed out, betrayed by changes in the smell, taste or appearance of the poisoned food, the prospective diner is fum ished with no clue which will prompt him to say to the waiter :-" Bring this dish back after you have cooked it for half-an-hour." Two consolitary reflections are worth notice. The disease is so rare as to be a curiosity rather than a serious menace. And this small risk may be further reduced by giving preference to fresh and freshly prepared foods in one's dietary. Iadeup dishes are less safe. There may, it is true, be a few botulinus bacilli on fresh food. But what gives them their chance to generate fatal quantities of poison is a long interval between the first preparation of food and the moment it is eaten. If this interval is prolonged by pickling, canning, the conversion of the food to brawns, jellies, sausages, etc., then time and tern perature favour the development of these bacilli and their toxins. PTOl\1AI

E POISONING.

This word is derived from the Greek, pto177a, a corpse, and it was coined in 1870 by the Italian toxicologist, Selmi. It was thought that the mere putrifaction, to an objectionable degree, of food was sufficient to give rise to chemical substances or ptomaines capable of provoking the severe and alarming symptoms observed in outbreaks of foodpoi::,oning. These chemical substances were defined as organic chemical compounds, degradation prod ucts of the protein molecule. Ptomaines are certainly not hypothetical substances evolved from the fertile imaginations of romancing chemists; of their existance there can be no doubt. But they are comparatively harmless and may be produced by a variety of germs which are practically innocuous to human beings. On the other hand, the most poisonous germs which are really responsible for most of the outbreaks of foodpoisoning, do not generate ptomaines. Ptomaine poisoning has, accordingly, recently bee n dismissed by the world of science as a misnomer and as " a good term to forget." It is not decom posed food, but food which has become infected with a

Septem ber , 1933.

A 1 D.

certain group or fam il y of germs, known as the Gaertner or Salmonell a aroup, which IS rca ll y dangerous. THE TRUE C ,\USE OF

10 'T OUTBRE KS OF FOOD-POI SO I TG .

l\Iost outbreaks of food-poisoning occur in the summer, i.e., at a season when typhoid fever, cholera, dysentery and other intestinal infections are most frequent. This fact at once gives a clue to the cause of these outbreaks. It is the growth at a favourable temperature of the Gaertner or Salmonella group of germs. The following outbreak, which occurred in an Enalish villaae, illustrates many of the characteristic featur s of this form of poisoning. A pig, one of whose leas wa disca ed, came into the hands of a local butcher, who was either too ignorant or too dishonest to discard the carcase or consult a veterinary surgeon about \ hat he should do in the matter. orne of the pig' bone were purchased by a woman who used them to make some brawn. They were slowly heate I for several hours, without the actual boiling-point being reached. Next mornin a the brawn was emptied out of the saucepan which, without beiner cleansed, was then used for th cooking of potatoes and asparagus . These vegetables were eaten the same day by four persons, all of whom became violently ill. 10 one eating the brawn itself escaped scot-free, and three of the 18 persons who had eaten the brawn died. The im'e tigation which followed proved the offend i ng germ to be a mem ber of the Gaertner errou p. It is probable that the occasion occurrence of such outbreaks will never be com pletel), preven ted. But their frequency could be greatly reduced by the observance of certain precautions by two groups of persons - those concerned with the provision, sale and handling of food outside the home, and those who are responsible for its managemel\ts in the home itself. Each of these classes deserves a paragraph to itself. l\1eat obtained from diseased anima l , whether they have suffered from a general or local infection, is most likely to contain the offending germ in large quantities. Such .infected meat does not necessarily look unhealthy or smell bad, and its exclusion from the market must therefore largely depend on the honesty and efficiency of farmers, butchers, veterinary surgeons and others occupied in the slaughter-houses . If these persons combine in rejecting diseased animals, if clean liness be exercised in butchering, handling, storing and transporting meat, and if such dangerous carriers of infection as rats and mice be ban ished from the premises where meat is dealt with, the risks of such outbreaks would be greatly reduced . In the home the housewife can do much to reduce t~e frequency of these outb reaks by strict

AID. ~ l R S 'l' 67 September, 1935. --- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------stituted three years ago, lifty per cent. of the members are clean Ii ness, the el im ination of rats and m ice, at first aiders. an y rate from her larder ii not from the whole of her house, and by learning to distrust her nose, • AT!Ol\'AL ROAD P,\SSEl\'GER TRAl\'SPORT A:'IBULA 'CE eyes and tongue as impeccable safeguards against . \SSOCTATION. trouble . I articularly in the warm seasons of the This is perhaps the first association formed to promote year she must be suspicious of made-up foods kept arnbulance work amongst employees of road transport for a long time before they are eaten. IIer two undertakings, to which any such undertaking throughout most effective precautions will be to see that food is Great Britain can join. At present it is confined to the l\1idlands, bUL in the near future it is hoped the movement eaten as soon as possible after it has reached her will spread and members from 'o rth and South will join. larder, and that the food is well cooked. With On August 20th the first competition under the auspices regard to the latter point, she must aiso remember of this .-\ssociation wa s held at 1 0 ttingham fo!" the trophy that meat is a bad conductor of heat, and that while presented by 1\1r. ]. H. Stirk (Chairman of the East Midland the temperature of a joint or sausage may be high Traffic Commissioners), for the undertaking whose (\1,.'0 teams gained the highest number of points. The competienough to kill germs rapidly in the superficial tors were: Birmingham Corporation (three teams), 'otparts thereof, the centre of the joint or sausage ting-bam Corporation (four teams), West Bromwich Corporamay remain cool enough to sustain (he lives of tion (two teams), and ~lidland Red Omnibus Co. (Rugby germ, so that sterilisation of food by cooking and Leicester teams). Nottingham Corporation Transport Department were may be quite ineffective unless the cooking is successful in gaining the trophy, and will hold same for 12 prolonged. months, whilst Tottillg-ham "A" team won the gold medals presented for the team gaining the highest points. Next year it is hoped more undertakings will enter teams.

Road Transport Ambulance New s. INpite of th accident occurring- daih on the road throut:"hout the countr:, fc\\' of the importa,~t road transport compnnics hold rlrst aid cla<;se ~ among their empIO\·ees. \\'ith so much tl alTic on the roads of to-clay, we look for~\'ard to the time when inspectors, clriYers, conductors, in fact all

The annual dinner of the Southall Ambulance Division will be held on V\Tednesday, 25th October, 1933. :'Ilr. Councillor Creesey, vice-chairman of Southall and

umberland Motor Services, Ltd., Ambulance empl?yer and employee, will give first aid work their support Il1 the same way as those engaged on the rail\\'ays are no w doing. CUi\IBERL\ND 1\10'1'01< SER\' ! 'ES,

ection.

Hanwell Council, has arranged a dance, in aid of the Southall Di\'i ion's funds, to be held in Fairlawn Hall, Southall, on \Vedne day, September 27th.

LTD.

. Although in a omewhat isolated part of the country, th iS undertaking take a great interest in ambulance \\'ork. Recently the directors entertained the members of theambulance section to dinner as a slight appreciation of the services r~ndered to the cause. This is but one of the many occaSIOns on which the management do their best to encourage a mbulance work among their employees. The ambulance section is a sub-section .of the Social and Athletic Club run by this Company, and, although only in-

The first annual competition for the Barnsley British Co-operati"e Society' Challenge Shield, which has been presented to th Barnsley Diyision, S.J ..\. B., \Va held on Saturday, September 2nd. 1 wenty-one team competed, Barnboro' lain gaining the first place.

The "D ECORATORS' & PAI NTERS' MAGAZINE " 8 d . monthly) is THE trade paper for all interesterj. -Publishing- Office: 46, CaDDoD Street. E.C ....

FIR S T

Slolice J\mbulance News. CITY OF LONDON POLl E RESERVE. l)ur .-\nnual Church Parade and In pection, which \\'ill take place on the afternoon of Sunday, September 24th, terminates the) ear's \.\'ork, and with this all acti\'ities, other than our Cuntinuation Classe and the cu stomary dinners and dances. Following the presentation by the LorJ layor of the Long Service medals and bars and the \'arious cups, etc., including the" Sir ' Villiam Smith" for first aid and ambulance team competition, which wa \\'on for the second time in succession by "B" Division, the Lady !\layoress will be presenting some 80 a"'ards to the successful candidates of the ~larch first aid course and examination. Though this figure does not quite equal that of la t year, it is mo t encouraging to kno\\' that many certificates are included in the total. In order to still further our efficiency in first aid, ] ha\'e, with the sanction and apprO\'al of the Chief l\ledical Ofllcer (Captain :~. C. White Knox,]\1. c., M. B.), made arrangements to have a second or Autumn Course of Lectures and Examinations, and these "'ill begin during the month of October. Already some 50 or 60 men, many of whom were undoubtedly prevented from taking the larch course, have made application to attend. Certainly more encouragement seems to be emanating from the officers of the higher ranks, which is ob\' iously most helpful. Our Assistant 1\1. O. (Captain F. E. Bendix, l\l.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., etc.), will possibly be the lecturer for this new course. Some really good work has been done during the summer months in the direction suggested by the Chief 1\1. O. earlier in the year. I refer to his suggestion that some of our first aiders should try their hand at "lecturing." !\Iany of them are quite "first class" in the practical work of the manual, but seem to find considerable difficulty in imparting the theoretical part of it to others. I must certainl\' COIllmend the idea to other centres of Police fir t aid training. Not only will it steady the nerves of the more self-conscious ones, but at times it can become a source of genuine amusement, with even heated discussion as to the particular reading of the fanual on certain points, with a final appeal to the j\[. O. 's ruling on the subiect. CECIL G. EMERY, Commander and Han. Sec.

- - - ._. - - -

S.J.A.B. Overseas. O. 3 DISTRfCT, BOMBAY CORPS. GREAT appreeiation of the work uf the Brigade Overseas was expressed by Lord Willingdon when His Excellency, accompanied by Lady Willingdon, inspected the Bombay Corps in the compound of Elphinstone High School on August 13th. early 500 members wer0 on parade. Their Excellencies were received on arrival by Major W. r unan , Officiating Assistant Commiss ioner j Mr. D . F. Panthaki, Officiating District Supt. ; Dr. R. V. Clayton, Hon. Secretary, Bombay Provincial Centre, S.J.A.A. ; Dr. Dhalljibhoy H. Mehta and Sheriff Devji Kanji. The various Divisions, which were separately lined up in the school compound, were inspected by their Excellencies. Major W. Nunan, in the course of a speech, gave a resume of the work done by the Brigade. He made reference to the greG t interest taken in the work by Their Excel-

A I D.

lencies. The No.3 District was the large t and strongest in I ndia, having one NursinE.;, one Cadet Nursing, nine Ambulance and two Cadet "-\ l11bu lance Divisions, with a lota l strength of over 500 members. A Nursing- Division for luslim ladies by the trustee of the late Mr. Dawoodbhoy ami a Cadet Ambulance Divi , ion attached to the J e,vish Ambulance Divi ion were in process of formation. In conclusion, lajor Nunan .,aid that the \'i. it of Their Excellencies would act as an incentive to the members of the District to carryon their humanitarian work with full vigour and enthusiasm. His Excellency the Viceroy, in reply, aid it \\'as a greal pleasure to him elf and Lady Willingdon to he amongst them again and to ren \\' their acquaintance. Th large parade signified that the membt'rs' enthu iasm had in no \Yay depreciated. Lord Willingdon, proceeding, said that he " 'ould always continue to take an interest in an organic;ation which had the laudable object of rendering \'oluntary en'ice to the needy. He wished to expre s hi. incere appreciation of the generosity of Dr. D. H. ~lehta, \\'ho had givcn a large donation towards the co<;t of the headquarter of the Par<;i Ambulance Division. Lord and Lad} Willing-don then \\'alked to thl.' Lld~ 'Villing-don Building, the headquarter. of the Par i ;\mbulance Division, and in pected it. Their Excellencie were g-arlanded and cheered at the conclu . ion of their \·i..,it.

Binding Copies of 'I F. A." KEEP your Copies of FIRST AID clean and tidyhave them bound. Send your copies for the la'3t Volume (July, 1932, to June, 1933) and we will return same bound in an attractive case of leather cloth, with the title of the publication in gold letters on the front and side and the eight pointed cross on front, for 6s.) post free. Complete Volumes can be supplied at 9s. , post free . Binding Cases only, 2s . 9d. post free. Orders should be sent to DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4.

The Aag-day of the 'Vellingborough was held on Saturday, September 2nd.

ursing Divisions

"YVellingborough Headquarters No. 1 team of the S.]. A. B., won the" Miller" Cup in an ambulance competition decided at Wellingborough, on Saturday, September 9th. Dr. R. R. l\1acGibbon and Dr. W. "YV. Robb were the judges.

When you write to any of our Advertisers kindly mention F IRST AID . It dosen't cost you anything an d it ple as es the Advertisers, and Us

FIR S T

Septem ber, 1953.

S ep tem be r, 1955.

Reviews. A IB o '

A I D.

but, as with preceding editions, its closely printed 384 pages are likely to prove a stumbling block, and to frighten the novice who aspires to qualify for the first aid certificate of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association.

LANCE HANDBOOK

Plnr-:clI'I.ES 01·

FIR'>T

,\11) 10 TII~: IN.I(1nED.

51. .\ndrew'''i Amhulance Association: North-street, Charing' Cross, Gla gow, C'. J.

/'ricl' 2 fJ.

J~J' posl 2 / ' n.

Recent Developments in Resuscitation, * with s pecial reference to the work of the Royal Life Sav ing Society.

The. t. ,\ndrew's Ambulance Association has recentl) published a completely re\'ised and re-written edition of its . 11Jl/"rlallcl llal/dbouk which was IJrst prepared in 1891 hy J) r. (afterwards. ir) George T. Beatson. I t is curious that .' (. .\ndre\\ ',> ha\l~ follO\.\'l'd the exampk' of SI. John Al11bula nel: . \ . sociation, in that no reference, except an indirect one in the Preface, i. made to the Beatsl)n Handbook, just .I.., the t. John .\mhulance ,\ socialion, having- numbered its l'L'ler Shepherd and Rohert Bruce Textbooks hy theiltho u and.." ig-nMed the lormer issues when it SUddenly introduced " Edition.., " \\ ith the publilation of the first and sub,,>uluent copic.., of it ... Textbook \\ hen this was rc-written h) Dr. (after" ard.., Sir) James 'antlie. Consequently there ,Iri ses in each ca"'l', till' Ld..,e impression of a Ill'\\' manual of in "t ruction. The (Urrl'nt edition of the _llllblllmzct' Jllllldbook is the \\'lH'k of tluL'L' ..,urL:l'lln::. and follo\\'~ cIa eh the discuL i\'e 'it) Ie l)f thL' B ~ahol1 IIandhook. It g-oc. Jeepl)' into details c() lllC'rnl'd \\ ith aniltllJl)~ and ph)~il)lofn - far beyond the rc quirellll'nts II fir..,t aid. In t he Preface wc learn that thi . i" done dcliheratel~ " . . 0 thar the ad\C\llCed ambulance pupil l11a y hI..! ablL· tn undL'l..,tand the prinLiples which go\ern the practice of Ilr:-.t aid" ; and \\'c are told that" junior pupils, un der the g'uidance of thl..!ir in~tru('tor:), \\·ill be ahle to extract tba t which i-. I1l'Ces-.,ln fl)r an elementan cour L' ." Ala I .bL' authors l'\' idL'nth' dl) not ITali..,l' that it -is 11l0q ditlilult tl) d Lertillcatl'd j1upii-. tl) rl' ad and re-read their tcxtbook ! ! Onel! lead, al\\<1)-' kIW\\,I1," i. . \\'ith thelll ;In accepted, 11 Ug-h incorn.'c!, dictulll. The IIantlhl)ok is l rammed full of facts \\'hich \\'ill prO\I' t interesting and useful tl) "ad\'anced pupil "\\'ho r ad, JJ1 lrk and 1 ,lrn it... content;,. It claims to be up-to-date; bu t when \\. turn to certain \'cxatioLl problems \\'hich, du ring- the la::.l year or two, ha\'(~ been much discus E'd in FIRSl .-\Jl), \\ e lind that a patient with a fractured spine is "'ti ll to be rCI11O\'ed in r cumbent position, though the con.,e n u of opinion is tending- toward<; a prone posture in such C"i ; and that a fro<;tbitten part is till to be gently rubbed \\ Ith SIlOW or ice cold water, though th experience of .\rctic Explorer i delinitl'ly in favour of dry treatment. The authors ha\c carefull) compressed their new matter "'0 t hat their textbook occupies 24 pages Ie . than its predecessor ; and they h,l\'e added a splendid eries of 37 plates rl'p roducing actual photographs, which demon trate the 'lp plication of banda~' es and splints, the compression of lrteries, the performance of artificial respiration, and the Ydrious methods of transport. They clo e with a seri s of l~s e~ul app ndices. The first is a de~cription of the Thomas ~ plll~t ; the second a scheme for Protection of Ci\'il Populatio n 111 Chemical \.Varfarc, for which they acknowledge their IO debtednes to the SL J ohn ...\mbulance Association; the th ird is a tabulation of antiseptic lotions and their strengths; nd the last is a glossary of terms, most of which ha\'e no I~f erence to the efficient performance of lir t aid. . In conclu ion, this edition of the Amoulance Ifalldbool IS an excellent textbook for senior students, who, reading it (ardully, will indeed ad\'ance their know ledge of first aid; 1110

By A . C . P . HA1'\OOVER, T'/ct>-Prt>s7'denl, Royal I.l~(e Sm'/1I/{ SOC/P!-I'.

DEEP consideration has been given to the subject of resuscitation in recent years and special apparatus has been designed to continue respiration arti ficiall y. Though these have their definite use in particu lar ci rcu mstances we here are only con cerned with what I may term "First Aid Resuscitation, "orthat formwhich maybeput immediately to use following an accident. For this purpose the English-speaking and other nations claim the Schafer method as supreme. This Society, by its adoption of the method in 1908, was the pioneer in spreading its practical use throughout the world and still champions this method against all others. From our new Revised Handbook you will easily gather that Professor Sir E. SharpeySchafer still retains his personal interest in our efforts and his voluntary article which appears therei n is an i nd ication of h is deep regard for Oll r Aims and Objects . But recent research has shown that better results can be obta ined by the use of the Schafer method if certain supplementary aids are brought into use . To clear the ground ready for a definite idea of the use and value of these I propose to consider quite briefly, the two main forms of asphyxia with which the work of this Society is concerned. I n the one case, the supply of fresh air is shut off as is found in cases of drowning, suffocation, gas-pvisoning, etc.; in the o ther, breathing stops because internal damage has caused the cessation of respi ration, and this con dit ion we in our work find following cases of electric shock . These will be dealt with in two distinct parts, since the fu ndamental cause is so different. In April of this year the swimming world in general was startled by stories of the use of a "gas gun" in resuscitatingtheapparentlydrowned. These naming head lines preceded a newsy outline of its 0)(. A Paper read at the Empire Conference of the Royal L ife Saving Society.

FIR S T

successful use, marred by journalistic errors on technicalities . As two of these stories had a connection with the River Thames I decided to investigate the true facts. Chief Inspector Dalton, in charge of the "Thames" Division of the ~Ietro politan Police, received me most cordially and has been eagerly helpful. Two of his men, one as patient and the other as operator, carried out the Schafer method, while a third mal'ipulated the "gas gun." This apparatus is a means of supplying carbon dioxide (CO 2)' while Schafer's method is proceeding. The relevant facts concern i ng these two drowning cases are these : On April 12th a woman was brought ashore unconscious after about five minutes' immersion. Schafer's method was applied at once i after the lapse of eight minutes, with no sign of recovery, the "gas gun" arrived and carbon dioxide administered to the patient as artificial respiration was being continued. After the fourth inspiration movement of this method (about 20 seconds) thefirst voluntarymovemen t of her chest was made. After five minutes of continued artificial respiration with carbon dioxide dosage the patient had fully recovered normal breathing. The man who was brought ashore unconscious on April 22nd had the same treatment of continuous Schafer treatment for t\VO minutes before the "gas gun" could be brought into action. After his sixth artificial inspiration of carbon dioxide (about 30 seconds), he showed his first signs of life, and at the end of about four minutes' further work and carbon dioxide he was breathing naturally again. Mr. 110nks had meanwhile had an interview with the makers of the "gas gun" and secured one for exhibition at the Head Office. Though these were the first cases in which the "Thames" police had used this gun, such treatment had been forf'shadowed over twenty years ago . But though pure theory, substantiated by experimental research, may indicate a course of treatment, yet there is frequently a time-gap before such treatment has possible practical applications. Until th is tirrle a theory had held sway that the rate and depth of breathing was dependent upon the oxygen supply to the body i but the work of three English scientists proved this to be wrong, and showed that the percentage of carbon dioxide in the alveolar air was the governing factor. To quote from a paper read by Professor Yandell Henderson at the British Association in September, 1931, "Twenty-five years ago Haldane, Priestley and Douglas in England began their epoch-making work on the part that carbon dioxide plays in respiration." Professor Yandell Henderson and others were then occupied with different aspects of the same study at Yale University, U .S.A. A few words on carbon dioxide will not be out

AIO.

Septem ber, 1933.

Septem ber , 1933.

of place. This gas is frequently spoken of as being harmful to the hu man body, an~ I have heard it called a poison. Both these views are erroneous, an 1 are probably due to mental confusion between carbon ic acid gas and the den tist's "eras," which is Nitrous Oxide (N 2 0) or, more /:) I ' recently, with motor exhaust " gas, ., w l' liC 1 IS carbon monoxide (a produ t of incoml lete combustion and highly dangerous). Carbon dioxide is a natural waste product actively produced allover the body and removed by "tissue respi ration" in exchange for the oxygen contained by the incoming blood. This waste gas is then transported hy the plasma and the hzemoglobin to the lungs where it is released into the air-sacs in \vhich is maintained a carbon dioxide concen tration of 5 '6 per cent. Purified blood from the aorta rapidly reaches the cir Ie of ,Villis at the base of the brai n where is situated the respiratory centre (in the medulla oblongata), which is extremely sensitive to the carbon dioxide content of the arterial blood . Professor Haldane, in hi standard work on Respiration, states: "An i ncreas of':2 per cen t. in the alveolar carbon dioxidc is sufllcient to dou ble the alveolar ven ti lation d uri ng com plete rest in a deck chair," and later, "\\ hen the al veolar carbon dioxide percenta g e was reduced more than '2 per cent, apnc~a was produced," or, in other words, the brain did not demand the immediate continuance of breathin g . Thi s llainl)' shows the value of carbon dioxide as the controllin er agent in rate and depth of breathin g . IIalliburton says: "Apnoea used to be thou g ht to be due to overoxyg enation of the blood, but it is now known that this cannot occur, since arterial blood is almos t full y oxygenated wi th normal respiration." The popular idea that carbon dioxide i harmful has been fostered by textbooks on hygiene in dealing with the suh.1ect of ventilation. Quotin g from one standard "best seller" on hygiene we have the following: 'c Carbon dioxide iTl its pure form is fatal when presen t to the exten t of 7' 5 per cent., while l' 5 per cent. gives rise to giddi ness , fain tness, headache and shortness of breath; anything below 1 per cent. appears to produce no effect immediately on health." '1 percent. becam e adopted as the maximum permissible. This appears in a sixth edition, dated 1905. The fallacy of this was proved in pre-war days . I was then fortunate to be studying unde r Dr. Martin Flack, who was assisting Professo r Sir Leonard Hill in research on ventilation with special reference to submarines. Their work effectively disposed of the prevalent idea that ca.rbon dioxide was harmful in the strengths that wd l be proposed to you. I n a letter to me of Jul y 13th, 1933, Professor Sir Leonard Hill writes.: "Men in submarines stay down till the carbon d Ioxide rises to about 3 per cent. (note th is is thirty

FIRST

times the maximum mentioned above in 1905), and the oxygen falls, so that a match won't keep alight. The air is cooled by the sea water outside, and anyone entering the submarine when it came up would probably say it felt fresh. Men have actually stayed down in a submarine till the ~ arbon dioxide reached 5 per cen t. Men in brewries work often in air containing 1i per cent. of 'arbon dioxide and are very healthy. Breathing ':) -ygen in a self-contained dress I have had men fun till the carbon dioxide rose even to 8 per cent. o r 9 per cent. There in no harm whatever in oreathing 7 per cent. carbon dioxide and oxygen as d. means of revival. It acts only as a respiratory .st imulant." I have dwelt to this extent on carbon dioxide '0 as to depose complelely from your minds any li ng ering idea that this normal waste product is detrimental in any way. The effect of an increase )f carbon dioxide in the air breathed is to cause a ,"Teater derth of breathing so that the alveolar air loes not vary much from the normal -'6 per cent. \ quoted abo\'e, a ri se to a concentration of 5'S per cen t. in thc ah'co lar air res ults in pulmonary venti lation being doubled in order to counteract the effe ct of the in reas in thc su ppl y of carbon d ioxide. \Vith the . upport of the larg e l\'orth American : Iectricity and Gas Corporations, Professor Yanle ll Hencler on and Drs. Drinb\'a ter and Ha ergarcl \I'e re enabled to continue at Yale niversity their '- perim ntal \\ork on the best \\'ay of putting this lis ovcry to rractical u e. About ten years a CTO lhcse practJ al methods werc tried out. So success"u l "ere the c methods \\ ith the usc of carbon lioxide in resuscitation that there are now many Lho usand inhalators in active use in America. A ea r ago there were between three and four hundred ;n :\'ew York alone and the number is rapidly in-

~re asing.

From the experience gained during this tenyear pcriod Prof s or Yandell IIenderson says: " There has come a much clearer conception than we have had heretofore regarding the state of the as phyxiated respiratory centre in persons who 11ave been immersed almost to drowning. It has d.l ways been supposed that there must be an overpowering excess of carbon dioxide in the blood in such cases. But our experience now demonstrates th at it is not excess of carbon dioxide, but defici ency of oxygen that induces the depression of the cen tree No very great excess of carbon dioxId e is, or can be, produced when the supply of oxygen is shut off. The asphyxiated centre is like one deeply morphinised. Its sensitivity is decreased i its threshold for carbon dioxide is abnormally elevated. But the inactive centre promptly becomes active again if the amount of carbon dioxide supplied to it is suffic;:i~nt to $tim\1·

A I D.

late. Accordingly we find that when the normal 5 per cent. of carbon dioxide is insufficient to stimulate, 7 per cent. carbon dioxide is often effective; or 10 per cent. or higher may be needed . When sufficient carbon dioxide is administered to reach the elevated th reshold and to overcome the decreased sensitivity, then spontaneous respiration begins. As the oxygen supply is renewed the threshold drops again to normal, the sensitivity of the centre is restored, natural breathing returns and the asphyxiated person is resuscitated." Thus clearly Professor Yandell Henderson stated his case in London two years ago. In practical use in drowning cases the administration of carbon dioxide requires no skilled or specialised training . The members of the 'c Thames" Division of the Metropolitan Police, for the two cases cited previously, used the" J " Sparklet Resuscitator. I nspector Hewitt told me that he described the action of the Resuscitator to 40 men at once in ten minutes, including a demon stration of its use. The men using it succe~sfully in those rescues had no other experience of its use . The nozzle of the instrument is placed about one inch a\vay from the patient's nostrils. The tap is turned and a gentle stream of CO 2 issues. As artificial inspiration is caused by the Schafer method some of this CO 2 is carried to the lungs by the incoming air. This stimulant to deeper breathing causes natural respirations to be attempted earlier than they would be without it. Once these have started the continuance of ca rbon dioxide, by causin er natural deep respiration, aids in the more rapid recovery of the respiratory centre and hence a quicker return to the ordinary balance of normal breathing. In fact, Dr. Drinkv,ater (who has co-operated with Professor Henderson) recommends that 7 per cent. carbon dioxide should be given, in conjunction with Schafer's method, "where natural breathi ng is occurring only feebly, as there is much to be gained by making the period of asphyxia as short as possible." Now, not only is carbon dioxide quite harmless and also simple to administer, but there is another important aspect to consider. Secondary pneumonia often causes the death of persons rescued from drowning. I will not attempt to go into this point, but the deeper respirations caused by carbon dioxide with the consequent, more comp lete, opening up of the lungs results in a g reatly decreased chance of mortality from secondary pneumonia or even of its commencement. This fact alone should be a strong recommendation for the use of carbon dioxide during resuscitation. In cases of asphyxia from carbon monoxide (as found with coal -gas, mine-rescue work, exhaust from motor-cars, etc.), the tr~atmen t is on $imi lar

FIRST

lines, except that the better procedure is to use a mixture of 7 per cent. carbon dioxide and 93 per cent. oxygen. In water accidents the supply of oxygen to the lungs is prevented by the surrounding water. In asphyxia from carbon monoxide this gas unites avidly with the hcemoglobin of the blood with an affinity which is 250 to 300 times as powerful as that of oxygen, and hence oxygen cannot be absorbed. 1'lan y years ago Profesfor Haldane showed that this compound which carbon monoxide forms with hcemoglobin can be broken up by a mass attack of oxygen. Seven per cent. carb~n dioxide is included with the oxygen supply In order to cause deeper respirations and so enable the oxygen the better to disI?lace the carbon monoxide from the blood dunng the progress of Schafer's method. Carbon dioxide can be I iq uefied at ordinary temperatures and hence a considerable quantity can be carried within a small com pass. For instance, the" J " Sparklet Resuscitator containi ng sufficient for a continous supply of carbon dioxide for six minutes only weighs in all under .2 lb. Oxygen cannot be so freely liquefied, but it is only available compressed j hence the aI?paratu is more bulky and to that extent less easily portable. Messrs. Siebe, Gorman & Co., Ltd., have specialised in this form of resuscitating apparatus in this country. In the United States, where the carbon monoxide content of coal-gas is much higher that it is in England, coal-gas asphyxia is much commoner than it is in this county. In New York alone there are nine crews of trained men, who have had to answer 1,600 to 1,900 calls a year to attend to gas leaks. Deaths from carbon monoxide asphyxia, often suicidal, are common. In New York there are about five hundred a year. Thus Dr. Drinkwater has had ample opportunity of studying the application of this aid to Schafer's method of resuscitation. He has found that 7 per cent. carbon dioxide with 93 per cent. oxygen is the most effective combination j and further, that fol1owing its use there is a considerable reduction in mortality and neither pneumonia nor subsequent nervous symptoms developed. In my opinion this Society should urge every bathing esta blishment and considerable bathing place to have a portable supply of carbon dioxide easily available for rapid transport to the scene of a water accident for use in conjunction with Schafer's method j and that in every city with a gas supply an apparatus for delivering a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide should be kept at the fire station, town hall or other central spot, so that it could quickly be summoned by telephone. Sir Robert H. Davis, inventor of the Davis Submarine Apparatus, urged this course to be taken ill

A I D.

September, 1933.

a strong letter in The Times of A ugust 18th, 1932To hel p to con vince allY \Va verers who still fear the use of carbon dioxide on an unconscious person, it may be added that it is a growing practice in hospitals to give carbon dioxide to a patient after an operation to help to wash Ollt the ancesthetic rapidly and 0 to assist recovery to a normal condition; and that it is a recognised treatment to adm i n ister carbon cI ioxide to new-born babies who have difficulty with the commencemellt of breathi ng. The method is well-founded on years of careful experimental work and its success has been amply confirmed in actual practice. Asphyxia as a result of electric hock i of an entirely differt'nt nature. The nervou sy tern is thrown out of gear j the most im portan t ffeet as far as we are concerned is that the d iaph ragm is paralysed. \iVithout its use, normal breathing ceases and death ensues. Respiration must he continued artificially until the nervous s)' tern recovers and can take up its work again. This i~ often a lengthy process; our hoard of Trade recommends Schafer's method for a minimuJll of four hours. The 1933 edition of the American Red Cross First j\id Text-Book states: "Breathi ng has been re-establ ished in some instances after eight hours of artificial respiration." Two year ago, quoting frolll an English technical paper, I gave details of success after fourtccn hours of continuous 'chafer method. This was so remarkable that I traced the report to its source. The Sccretary of the New Zealand Council of the Royal Lif Saving Society, 1\Ir. S. K. Ba sett, has intervicwed the actual participants in Christ burch, N.Z., and writes on June 3rd, 1933: "There \\'a~ eviden tl y a misprint somewhere as the time \\ as four, not fourteen, hours that they worked over this man." But eight hours, or even four hours, is a great strain, impossible for one operator yet practised resuscitators are not always at band to relieve him. Even then there is always the possibility of a break of timing during the change-over from one operator to another, as well as a probable alteration of the rhythm of the movements. For long stretches of resuscitation Dr. Eve, Consulting Physician at the Royal Infirmary, IIull, has devised a simple form of apparatus which acts on the same basic idea as Schafer's method. A design on the same lines has been patented byMr. Riley, of the Mines Central Rescue Station, \iVakefield. Its essential parts are a stretcher balanced over a trestle. The prone patien t is strapped to the stretcher, which is then smoothl y tilted through an angle of 50 degrees each way with 3 seconds in the head-down position and about 4 seconds in the feet-down position. Th e weight of the abdominal contents pressing toward s or away from the diaphragm gives rise to expira-

September, 193 3.

F IR S T

ti on and inspiration. The air-exchange is ample and there is no difficulty in the administration of carbon dioxide at the same time, if desired. The method arose as a resul t of a practical emergency and was found to be completely sllccessful durina two days of continuous rocking. Untrained me~ as a Toc H service of goodwill on another occasion ke pt up the periodic tilting for 18 hours. Though in its early stages of development the fu ture use of this "Rocking Stretcher" (as it is ca lled) is indicated in cases of asphyxia from elec tric shock. The stretcher could be kept in reserve for immediate use in all places, such as elec tric power stations, where severe cases of Further practical electric shock are probable. res ults with this apparatus are being awaited. The mention of this apparatus bri ngs to mind that several different forms of apparatus have been a nd are being adverti ed in which expiration is uch ca used by suction by mechan ical means. :tppliances are whole-heartedl), condemned by this . ociet)', which warns its memb rs against the dange rs accom pan yi n a their use. I n this attitude the Society has the strong support of the medical profess ion. Before comm~tting the 'oc iet), to any policy the Central ]~xe utlve has asked for a committee to study these auxiliary aid - to Schafer's method, in e\'ery respect. In the same way as the ociety was keen to appreciate the practi "al value of Procsso r Sir E. Sharper-Scharer's researche by adopti ng his m thod i 11 1908, 0 is the Central Execut ive fully ali\'e to the importance of keepin lbreast of the times with these newer developments . It i det rmine I to keep fulh' in mind the objects wi th wh ich the 'oc iety \\'~ origi nail y fo rmed over forty years ago.

The \\'i ncltc tc r and Di~lrict Di\i::.ioll, .J.A.B., are a re appcaling for fun:l and applianccs to e'tabli h four :\leclica l oillfo rts D epMs in \\'inche ter.

A I D.

J\mbulance :News euttings from the ~ess. The Editor invites Readers to send newspaper cuttings on matter of general interest for inclusion in [his column. DEATH FRO:'I

ECECfRIC

" HOC.K.

After having received a shock of over 6 000 volts a native has amazed medical men in Durban by cl'inging to iife for ten days. He was nearly electrocuted when he broke into the power house at the Point, but survived ten days.. 1tgus, South Africa.

BABY S'-\\'ED BY I TS PLA\,.

It was revealed at Tottenham Police Court recenth' that \\' hen a moth~r was f?und unconscious from gas fum-e's her bahy was plaYing beSIde her unharmed. .. The mother, ~lrs. Browne, was charged with attempted SUICide and exposing her baby to suffering and injury, and was bound O\'er for a year to go into a hospital. She was ~u ff~ring from a com plete breakdown. Prosecuti ng coun el said that the landlord of the house found the mother unconscious, \\'hi le the baby was playing contentedly near. unharm ed by the fumes. The theory wa that the gas which had o\'ercome the mother as she was lying down had not affected the child because it was sitting u p. -Dai~1J Express. '

i\lNI!: YEARS WITH

BROK E~ NECK.

T!1e fac.t that. a m~n had lived for nine years following an aCCident 111 which hiS neck was broken, wa revealed at an inquest at Bristol on John Cornie,·, 52, who died in ho pita!. . It was laled that nine rears previously, the man su~ talned a blo\\' on the back of the neck from a wire cable while working on a ship at A\'o nmouth Dock. At I1r t it was thought that he ,vas suffering- from rheumatoid arthritis and it was not until three years later that it wa discO\'ered that he was suffering from a broken neck. The doctor stated that this was a mysteriou and miraculous case ~ltogeth.er, and that he could not understand why the J1nn did not dIe as soon as he received the original blow. !he :es~l~ of the ~Iow was exactly the same as \\'hat happens 111 a JudiCial hanging, and yet the spinal cord was uninjured and there \\-as no sign of paralysis at any time.

- - - - ._. _ - 1\l e mbcr~ ot

thc 63rd Field .\mbulancc i\ssocialion (2 2nd \Vest Lanes. F.A. T. F.) celebrated their I1ftcenth lI;nua.1 reunion dinner. on Saturday, September 9th, at the \\ as hlngl~n Holel, LI\'erpoal, to commemorate the eight\.;e.n~h. anl1l\'crsary of their landing in France wilh the 21 t Dl\:lslo n. Born in Li\'erpool, nurtured at Blackpool, and 'hnstened al Ea lbourne, the ambulance played it part in nost of the Battles on the Western front.

FOR . 1

.SALE :-Roller Bandges B.P.C. Quality (W.O. W.), 7/6 gross. Good Quality (W. O. W.), 1 m. x 6 yards, 6/- gross. Other sizes in proportion. Also good quality Triangular Bandages at 4/- per dozen samples Sd. e~ch. Boric Lint (B. P.C.) 1 oz. packets, 2/ - p~r dozen j Hospital, 1/9 per dozen. Cotton Wool (B. P. C) 1 oz. rackets, 1/ 10 per dozen; Hospital, 1/8 per dozen. All post ree. Cash with order. -A epto Bandage Co., 46, Can nOIlstreet, London, E.C.4. In. X 6 yards,

The 7th annual ambulance competition of the \Valeswood Colliery am bulance class for the Ashclon Cu p was held on the \iV aleswood 1\Iiners' \iVelfare ground, when 25 teams competed. The winners were: 1, Bestwood, No. 2, ~34 points; 2, Thurcroft St. John, .22:?; 2, Silverwood Colliery, 215. In the individual tests R. J. Frost (Holbrook No. 1) obtained 40 out of -+-0 marks \ iV. Foster (Silverwoo) 24 out of 30. The judae~ were Dr. J. Shirlaw, of S\ allownest· Dr. \iVilliams, of Kiveton, and Dr. Baker, Ki~edon. The secretary and organiser \"as 1\1r. A . Pritchard. The cup and prizes were presented to the winners by Mr. S. L . Jackson (under-manaaer of the \ Valeswood ColI iery). b

FIR S T

September, 1933.

AID .

GUY'S

Our Nurses' Pages. COM Pl LE D

AMBULAN CE

No.1 DISTRICT, S.J. \.B.-A course of instruction for women in First Aid lo the Injured \\'ill commence at District Headquarters, 10, Berkley-street, London, E.C.1, on Thursday, September 2 th, at 7 p. m. The lecturer will be Lt.Col. F. A. Brooks. The fee for the course, including the examination for the S.lA.A. certificate, is 3 6. Forfurther information or to enrol, plea e apply to Lady District Officer liss A. 1. \Valker, 11, Acol-road, Hamp tead, I , W .6. Two courses of lectures for women \\'ill be held this Autumn at Toynbee Hall, Commercial-street, London, E.1. The one is in First Aid to the Injured, and commences on Friday, September 2.9th, at 8 p.m., and the other is in First Aid in Maternity Cases, and begins on \\Tednesday, October 4th, at 8 p. m. The fee for each course, including the examination, is 3, 6. Lady Di\·. Supt. l\liss Israel, 213, Vicarage-road, Ley ton, E.10, \\"i11 be pleased to give further information and to recei\'e the names of those \oyishing to attend either or both courses. A course of lectures for women in First Aid to the Injured will also be given by Dr. \Y. Benton, at Frideswides Hall, Follett-street, Poplar, E.14, commencing on \\Tednesday, October 18th at 8 p. m. Fee for the course will be 3/ 6 which includes the examination. Full particulars can be obtained from L ady Div. Supt. l\liss Cook, 81, Katherine, road, East Ham, E.6.

NO.5 DISTRICT, S.lA. B.-Lady District Ocffier liss G. Ashberry, of Sheffield, has been notified that she has been promoted to the rank of Officer of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, the investiture to take place in ;-J o\'em ber. Miss Ashberry joined the Sheffield Nursing Division in 1902 und er Lady Ellis, receiving her Service l\ledal in 1927. She was promoted to District Staff in 1923, and six years later was invested as a Serving Sister of the Order. At the beginning of the Great \Var she \vas called upon to serve at the 2nd London General Hospital, and from there went to the Cottonera Hospital at i\lalta. "Vhen this was closed, Miss Ashberry returned to the 2nd London General Hospital, and was there until March, 1919. At the Review held in Hyde Park in 1931, in connection with the Centenary Celebrations of the Order, l\liss Ashbury was in command of a company. Besides her work in the Brigade, this lady is also interested in hospitals and the V.A. D. Movement. She is Vice-President of the Linen Leagues of the Jessop and Royal Hospitals, Sheffield, and is a member of the V.A. D. Council. 1 ursing Divisions in the District are indebted to Mi5s Ashberry for two silver cups which she gave them for annual competition. S.J .A. B. NORTHERN CAMP.-Under the leadership of Lady District Supt. Mrs . Tweedale, C. B. E., Camp Commandant, the Northern Camp, held at Eversley Hous e, Southport, from August 19th to September 2nd, has proved a great success. The camp was originally intended for members of Nursing Divisions of the North of England and the lidlands, but it actually included members from all parts of the country, some coming from as far soulh as Torquay. Lectures were given by prominent surgeons in subjects int~r~sting- to V.A. D. 'SI and also by Miss Caldwell, of the

SlST E R.

Evcrsley College of Housecraft. Sports were org-anised for the amu ement of those attending the camp. The member werc honoured by a vi it from Lady Perroll, R. R.C., Lady Supt.-in-Chid of Nursing Diyisions of the Brigade, during their stay in camp. c\ drumhead service \\'a held on the afternoon of A.ugust 27th in Princes Park: outhport, and wa attended by Brigade members from outhport, Li\'erpool, Birkenhead, Port unlight, Preston, Choriey, and Ly tham t. Anne, as as well as by those attending lhe camp. The parade \va headed by the Cadet Band from Rochdale, in charge of Cadet Officer J. t\Ieyrick. The service was conducted by Canon \V. E. Har on lorri, Vicar of All Saint, Southport, in \\'hose pari h thc camp was held, and those pre ent were honoured hy the attendance of the :'Iiayor of Southport, Councillor G. E. lIardman, Colonel Trimble (Inspecting- Officer, No.4 Di trict), and District Officer Col. G. C. E. imp on. Canon lorris reminded th Jl1 that the Brig-ade wa a part of an Order which was founded 900 years ago, an Order with a fine rerord of work for humanity. They mu t look up as well a around if ther wi hed to accol11pli"h all they set out to do. He sugge ted that they should always keep a miling face, because that would not only do them.selves good but it would make the liv of those " 'ith whom they came in contact or were trying to as i.t more pleasant. After the sen'ice the parade was in pected by Col. Trimble, and a march ra t took place. Col. Trimble congratulated the members on thcir smart appearance especially during the march past. Their work, he said, entailed a great amount of elf-sacrifice, and \\'as based upon the bedrock of Christianity. He expresse d lhe hope that those who had attended the camp had ben fited by their training, and was certain that they had learned a g-ood deal which would be useful to them in the days to come.

FIR S T

Septem ber, 1933. II OSPITAL.

In one of Lond o n's suburbs Soulhwark-st<l.nds perhaps one of the fine st institutions ill the City founded by one 111<111. It is Guy's II ospita l. Thomas Guy, all el-centric bachelor, was horn in IIorselydown, outhwarl<, ill 16-15. Il e was apprenticed to a bl)okseller ill_Cheapside, and later began business with a stock of .l hout ,£2()0 in a hop which until 1R34 formed the angle hLlwccn Cornhill and Lombard Strcll. Beginning in a humble \Vay, GU) 'unassed a fortune, most prol1abl) frolll the printing of Bihles, although rumour has attributed his wealth to the bu) ing of seamen's tickets <I nd thl' disposal of them at a great profit. Bibles had been printed in IJollanu, and impolteu int o this Clluntn, but the la \\' !la\ ing sll'pped in anu forhidden their furthe( importati on, Gu.\ contracted \\ ith lhe l'ni\(~rsit\ of O"fol-d for the 1'11\ ilege pi thelll. Ill' l)htained t} pes' frOI1l Ilolland, and

SALFORD TURSING DI\,ISIO;-':, S.J .A. B. By the kind ness of the Di visional Surgeon, Dr. J acob schiosberg, the Di\'ision held a garden party at his residence, \Vinterfield , Bury New-road, Salford, la t month, HOME OF R EST FOR NURSES AT FLORE:-JcE.-The Italian Red Cross has recently opened a Home of Re t for nurses of all nationalities who may be in need of a holiday. The home is called Villa Velvedere, and is situated on the Fiesol e Hillsid e, near Florence, overlooking the valley of the Arno towards Siena. It faces south , and has its own garden and is equipped with every comfort. The Home is managed by a Direttrice to whom all inquiries should be addressed. It will accommodate 16 guests, and the charge for foreigners is 18 lire a day (about 6s.). The Italians are giving increasing ::tttention to matters of health of which fact the opening of this Home is one sign. Despite a great lack of trained nurses, district nursing is being extended gradually in the cities and the country. It is hoped that the Government will soon see its way clear to admitting the poor to the various hospitals when necessary. As things are at present, very few receive free medical attendance, and much suffering is therefore borne by the poor which miKht be reliev~d,

The exterior and inte.rior of the Glenelg Beach, outh i\ustralta, Casualty Room. ftl r many yea.l'S carried on this bu ine s, making large sums )f money at it. He was a \'ery humhle and a \'en carefu l man but !;uch of his relatives and friends as we;-e poor or in I~ eed a nd Sl. Thomas's and other hospitals found him a O'ene~ ~us . benefactor. lIe was adm itted ' a freeman of the 1 tatloners' Company in 1668 and recei\'ed into their livery in f 673 For se\'el'al years he sat in Parliament as lhe member amworth, Staff:., where his mother was horn and \\ lere he founded almshouses for poor per ons ' When he had rea ched the age of 76 Tho\;,as Guy procured the Ie ase 0 f " G a l arge piece at. ' ,rround from the Jovernors of St. Th omas's Hospita l, and havino· cleared the space of a num ber a f poor dwe1l1l1gs, . t> he commenced to build

0; i

A I D.

the llospital which \vas afterwards to bear his name; the first stone being laid in the spring of 1722. Cnfortunately, he did not li\ e to see his fine work completed, but hefore he died in 1724 the ncw buildin~ had at least a covcring. IIis e"ccutors, howcver, completed the work which he had started, and obtained all .\ct of Parliament to establi~h the foundation. This, thc earliest part of thc hospital, was built by Dance Cit a cost of nearly £19,OOCJ . Guy's Hospital was primarily to accommodate 400 patients, and was opened on J anuar) 6th. 172S-0\'er 208 years ago- when 60 sick people occu pied its wards. Large estate:> were ,>ubseyuentlj rurchased in Herefordshire and Essex for tlw beneJlt of the hospital, and the lease of another piece of land was obtained- again from St. Thomas's Hospital on \\'hich \\ ere erecled two handsome wings connected with an iron railing and gate.,;. .\ commodious theatre \\'as ercl-ted b, Dr. Ed\\'ard Grainger. In this theatre, at the larly age o'f 22, thi doct(\[ commenced lecturing in anatomy and phy iology, but the si/.e of his classes rapid!;. increasing heyond the capacity of the theatre, he built a larger roOIll and lllrllld the one he'had been using into a museum. There are two memorials to the generous tounder of Guy's Hospital to perpetuate his memory. The one stands in the cenl re of the .;quare court, and is a bronze stat ue of the founder by cheemaker. J n front of tht' pedestal is the ~Il-;L:ip~ion .: "Thomds GU}, sole Founder of this Hospital In hi !tfe-llme. . \.1) . .\IDCCXXII." On the \\'est side of the pedestal i-; represented the parable of the Good Samaritan; on the south side are the armorial bearings of ~[r. GU) ; and on the olher is a representation of our Saviour healing the impotent man. In the chapel, orpo~ite to the entrance, is a marble statue of Thomas GUY executed b\' Bacon-himself a Southwark man-in 1779 <tt a cost of ,£-1,000. It represents the founder of the 110 pital in his lin.ry ~O\\ 11, holuing out one ~land ~o rai e a poor invalid 1) ing on the ground, and point~ng \nth the other to a poor distressed creature being carried 1l1to one of the ward on a litter. The hospital is seen in the .background. There i a long inscription on the pede tal etllllg out the good deeds and \'irtue of this generous benefactor, and testifyin~ to the fact that underneath the statue are deposited his remains. The foundation of th is ho -pital was a generous deed of a man who among hi friends and acguaintences \\'as considered a model in the art of C'conomising but who knew how to be .so open-handed \\'hen occasion d'emanded. He must certainly ha\'e had a n~ry large heart, and he li\'ed up to the motto which i continuallr before the minds of all true fi:st aiders-Pro Clilitate Ho'miulll. Ho\\' many peorle have lived to bless the name of Thoillas GUY it would be impos ible to ~ay. . Items (Di~isional news and competitions, social, interesting dutIes, lectures, etc.), for this page sbould be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon Sr., London, E. C.4,

The annual treet collection in aid of the Bristol Corp S.]..\..B., was held on Saturday, .\ugust 26th . ' The children of the members of the Ban'o\\' Diyision S.J . .-\.. B., w ere recently entertained by the Di\'i ion to a da~' at Ram pside. ' ;\t the annual inspection of the Wellington St. John .\mbulan ce Brigade by Count\'-Ofncer S. J. Bailey, of "Veston, the Pope Challenge Cup wa \\'on by the team composed of Supt. C. II. Clark (captain), Corpl. 1\1. Field, and Ptes .. C. ]. ~ \lderl11 an, \\'. Kingscote, and G. Hutchings, who obtall1ed 1.)0 l1larl~s au t of a possible 1 SO.

FIR S T

~ueties

and J\nswers eorrespondents.

~ueries will be dealt with under the following rules;-

1. -Letters

containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C·4· 2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cu from the current issue ot the J (lurnal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue. 3.- The Textbook, to which refelence may be made in this column is the 38th (1928) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.

A I D.

September, 1933.

Septem ber, 1933.

FIRST

PEEPS Ii TO THE PAST.

Ci\LCIUIII CARl3ll)E POISONING.

H.G. (Chicago, U.S.A.). - This week I reac! in the.August issue of TILe Cornlu'll .LVaga::ine (1n al·tlcle which 'w as called" lew Pasture for l\Iary jone"," dcscribing the expericnces of the first woman stenographer at St. John's Gate. 1 fell that the article got the atmosphere very well; and so I thought it was \\'orth while to direct your attention to it. By the way, who wa s " Hamlet)J ?

S. \V. (Spondon).-Please tel l me what is the first aid treatm nt for a five year old boy who swallows a piece of Calcium Carbide.

l\lany thanks for your kindness in calling my attention to this hi torical article. I cannot be sure, but I suspect that "Hamlet" was the late 'William Henry 1\lorgan, a splendid first aider, to \vhom the Brigade .\t-Home and Overseas o,Yes much.-N . . F.

Treatment of Calcium Carbide Poisoning has been freq uently discu sed in these columns ever since May, 1929. In the january, 1931, issue of FIRST AID there was published .l letter frol11 Or. ]. \V. Loos of the University of Leiden. He told us that he once had to treat a child who had ..,wa llo"yed Calcium Carbide. He, therefore, advised first aiders to administer glycerine or alcohol in large quantities 'lncl to re1l10\'c this from the stomach without using water \\ hich would sct free Acetylene Gas, a very potent poison. In such an emergency, while waiting- for the glycerine or alcoho l, I would tickle the child's throat with my two fingers and hope lhat thercb) I should make him vomit. N.C. F.

LNFAIR EXr\IIIINATION FRACTCRES OF BASE AND J A\\". A. \\T. (Battersea).-\\Te shall. \'alue yo~r decisio!l as to .the correct method of treating a patient \\'ho.1s sufferIng from Fractures of the Base of Skull and of the Lower jaw. Should the bandages for the Fracture:!. Jaw be omitted? This combination of injuries \\'as set at one of our Di\ isional Drill. Some members thought that the bandages for Fractured Jaw would interfere \yith the Fractured Base while otbers suggested that one bandage should be used. As this led to a heated argument, I \\'as asked to write and ask for your decision. E\'en when the Base of Skull is broken, tbere is still a possibility of the Fracture of Lower Jaw becoming compound and or complicated. Consequently, with this combination I fa\'our treating the latter fracture as laid down on pp. 60 and 61 of Textbook. -?\. CORBET FLETCHER.

EXA:-IINATION HOWLER . A.A. (Delft, Holland).-In a recent examination I asked a candidate how many heart beats there would be at the momcnt when, examining the pulse at the wrist, I found that this registered 69 beats per minute. .Promptly he replied-" One more, namely 70 beats per lIlzmde because tlz!! last beat would ?tot lza've an'ived at tlze pulse in the wrist -' Good!

Next, please! !-N.C. F.

COMPLICATED FRACTURE OF RIBS. T. P. (Billingham-on-Tees).-In the treatment of Complicated Fracture of Ribs the Textbook on p. 66 tells us to lay patient down with body inclined towards injured side and supported in that position. Pl ease be good enough to explain 'what purpose this position serves, and also what is actually meant by "recumbent" position recommended in the T extbook on p. 122 for Injuries to Internal Organs. In short, we are in doubt as to the correct position for a patient sufferi ng from Fracture of Right (lower) Ribs complicated by injury to liver. The" recumbent position)) is that in which you find yourself ",.. hen you throw yourself Oat on your back on the ground. Inclining the patient slightly towards the injured side is recommended in the treatment of a patient suffering from Fracture of Ribs co mplicated by injury to the lungs. This position favours free action of the uninjured lung and is obtained by placing a rug folded len~thwise 3 or at most -+ times beneath the injured side of patient's body. -N.C. F.

GUARD.-There has been much contro\'ersy concerning' unfair competitions; and now this i extending to unfair PGlice examinations. At a r_cent examination a candidate \vas a ked to tate the qualifications of a firt aider, and then to state what he would if he aw a mall fall 100 yards away and sever hi femoral artery. Hl' replied that he would rush to patient and apply digital pressure on the middle of the fold of the groin until assistance came, and that meanwhil he would cali lustily for help. The doctor then rebuked him b) saying that patient would be dead. In my opinion, the candidate wa quite ju tifled in his answer, and the doctor ovcrlooked the First Princip k of First Aid (Texbook p. 18), which \\ arn us that "' death is not to be assumed because signs of life Mt' absent." Consequently, how i a fir t aider to kn o\\' that death has occurred?

It is a curious fact that per ons \\'ho howl abJut unfair competitions and examinations are al\\ a) s mo~t car-.:.ful to conceal their identities under p eudon)'l11s, and that \\'hclI their statements are challenged, their charge~ of unfairn e are promptly disproved. Consequent!) , 1 think that in thi instance also some misunderst<lnding explains this apparent unfairness of the judge who, between ourselves, i a firs ratE' first aider, which means that he is utterly incapable l doing anything unfair. - T.C. F.

:rill'

We thank you cordially for the Howler and Humorous Story which appear in this issue of FIRST AID ; and in view of the promise with which you close your letter there is no need for me to add-"Good! Next, please! !"-N.C.F.

prompt treatment and comfort of a seriously shocked person. The compiler of the test apparently had this mind picture, and prepared his marking paper for natural resul ts. Your spirited defence excites Ill)' admiration, though it fails to shake my conviction that" a properly equipped ambulance room" is the proper place of temporary shelter to which a patient should be conveyed, more especially as my experience of railway rc:reshmcnt rooms causes me to reg-ard them as most unsuitable for thi purpose. Of course, I agree that in this instance the judge gave a hint of his ideas and wishes to the competing teams by allotting half the stage to the refreshment rool11!! By the way, the Inter-Railway Final Competition is conducted entirely by the Association, to the officials of which (and not of the .Kailway Centres) is due full credit for the reali tic staging of the tests in this struggle of giants.- N.C. F.

THE.\DIENT OF Bt,!{s.

:. B. (Kettering).

Plea e tell

IlW

at my pla ce of employment,

if, \\ hen treating a burn

the Picric Ore <;ing supplied in th~ IIome OOice First \id Box or if I, a a t. J ohn member, ought to adhere' to the Bicarhon,lte of Soda treatment of the Textbook. The Icltl'r frolll the Chid . ecr~tan of the A ,>cciation

puhli!ih~d in th~ .\ugu'>t i"SLlL' of FlHsi .\/D (p. 40) answer

your query, although it ref~rs "j1l'ciiically to the Treatment of Fractured Spille. on<;eqLlclltly, it is ekar that, unlec,s .\OU rccei\e in'-otructil)lls fr01ll YLlur el11plo}lTs to adopt Home Of1in: lllL'tllOds, you ~hould folio\\' the St. John Textbook in tht' t n:atmcnt of Burns . ~. C. F.

L'SE"; 01

.11·II10Sll1I'E.

I~. L. (i\loulltll~.-sint:").

During the .:.,ummel" one often reads in the p<lpers of dl':lths JUt> tv extreme bl'at and in mid\\'inter to l'xtrl'llll' cold. JIO\\,:\'-o a medical man, d0 you aCCL)Unt ft)r thi..,·~ Can any '-oig-ns or symptoms, as may be gi\ en by ,1 <;tetho'>copl', in any way gi\'e' warning hf:'fon'haml to pntential \ ictim.., ?

If )"0U will lL:11 me on \\ hich 11CIgl' the Tl'xtboo k in~truch first aiders a'-o to the u~es o~ the 'Ietho<;l'opl', I \\'ill endea\'our to an<;wcr your quer}. X. . F.

E:--:.\:\IIN.\ rIOl\: OF

THE DOCTOR'S DILE'\!NA.

J should be correct in using

HUMOURS OF FIRST AID. A.A. (Deft, Holland). -With pleasure I send this amusin,r story concerning an elderly medical practitioner who, in spite of his advancing years, was still anxiou to help lay persons by teaching them first aid. O ne e\'ening, after a very busy day, he kept his appointl1len . with his class and demonstrated ilvester's ?\lethod l't Artificial Respiration, concluding with these word src You bring Ih e upper limbs down on to tIl e clust, alld count IOI, £02. Th en)lou extend tlzem o'llerille /zead 1/1 the elbows tou ch the ground and count fO], fO/." student began; and the old doctor, silting down In ,l comfortable armchair, closed his eyes for only one moment . . . Suddcnly he a woke and was amused to find that the student was still working to and fro the upper limbs of the supposed as;1hyxiated patient and that he was counting-1177, 1178, 11 . . . "!I IS enough ," yawned the doctor. Perhaps I will send you some more Howlers and Humorous Stories sometimc in the future.

A I D .

IIOCh:Ef) PERSON.

G. D. (Pilning-).-J n your reply on the above feature of the lnt r-Railway Competition in the .\ugu t i ue of FIRST . \/D, you expressurpri e that thc patient was to he taken to the R efresh ment Room and not to the i\mbulance Room. .\ one interested in competition work, I appreciate the efforts made to tage and pro\'icl scenery to make th.e competition as natural as possible; but I think you will agrec competitors ha\'e to form a mind picture of the injuries and surrounding, and he can only do this from cxperience and knowledge of actual realities. . The .scene was a Railway tation, and the compe:~tors Radwaymcn. The point in que tion i , what does A. well equipped Ambulance Room)) convey to the Radway First Aider? All praise and credit is due to the Railways for the excell~n~ . provision of material, equipment and ready accessibility of nece ary appliances; but personally I could not instance a Railway Station with an Ambulance Room, Heated, Hot "Vater, etc., which \vould in any degree compare with the Refreshment Room for

A. S. (Ota~o,

e\\' Zealand). - One of our lady doctors had a CUriOUS experience re cently when she entered her surgery and found a somewhat bewildered cow waiting for her. The animal \yas being driven from the saleyards; and when passing the doctor's r es idence dashed into the grounds. Efforts on the part of the drO\'er to get it out were not uccessful, and e\"entuaJly the cow ran round to the back of the house, which it entered through an open back door, making its way up the pas age and into the surgery. The surgery contained a great deal of valuable electrical and other medical apparatus, and luckily nothing was damaged. The CO\\· simply stood still in the room looking round in a bewildered fashion, and was led out without further trouble.

Thank s for letter and l' x:perience. N.C.F.

for

detail s

of an exciting

TREc\T.\IE )., I OF V F: :\O;\IO (JS SNAh:E BITE. Jr.\\'. (Swinton).-Referring to your answer to quer) of above title published in the Augusl issue of FIRST AID. I should be grateful if you would explain this a little more fully. ""hat i meant by " ligature" in this case? I the \yord used with its medical application to mean tying off the yein? I "'ould agree in that case it is better than an elastic band but it is not first aid. J n the other case, if a con triction round the limb is meant, one would imagine the elastic band wodd be preferable . The blood pre sure in the arterie would expand the elastic to get past hut the pressure in the \'eins would be in. ufficient to get past. A tight constriction would apparently prevent the flo\\' in either direction. I am sorry if I am asking you to explain what is ob\·ious to most people. Of course, you cannot under tand if you uddenly take up a subject under discussion and do not trouhle to look up the references. If, therefore, you turn back to the June issue of FIRST AID and also to pp. 132 and 133 of the Textbook you will learn for yourself the source and origin of the pother.-N. C. F.

Does your colleague read FIRST AID , if not , send us his address and w e will post him a cOPY.

FIR S T

A 10.

~ed eross News.

fetters

The members of the No. 7 Detachment B.R.CS. in havc added a further first aiel hut to their actiyities. Thi, \"a opened recently, and is situated 011 the main road at Balloch y rillage. .l\Iembers paraded for the opening ceremony under Section Leader A. May, and the hut will be used even' \\·eek-end. At Drumkinnon Ray-Park thi' Detachment have a small tent, and during the pre ent season over 300 case hayc receiYed attention. Only 011e case has proved fatal. being a man who whilst bathing got into difficulties and \\as drowned. Artificial respiration was performed but the effort \vas of no avail. Dumbuck Post. which is situated on the main Gla 'o-o\y-Ballock route is another po t manned by member of Xo . 7 Detachment. under Section Leader A. l\1cGill. ince April last onr 30 cases han been dealt with, mostl) fracture. a fatal ca es ha\'c been returned. The member also take duty at cmema, football matches. etc .. in and around Gla;gow. On the occa_lOll of the Boy' Brigade Jubilee, held at Queen' Park. Gla gO\\' , member of the B.R.C.S. Detachment. -,--0. 7 (Commandant. .1\11'. Ray), o. 11 ~ Quarter- ergt. Gill) also four nur es under Commandant l\Ir . ~Iason, were on duty, and 105 case were dealt with in the Church Hall which was being used as an emergency hospital. Members of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association were also present alld gave assistance. Capt. Smith (son of the founder of the B.B. movement) thanked the members for their a sistance, and complimented them on the capable way in which the work \\"as carried out. Aidie Castle was the Yenue of a garden party held on Saturday, September 2nd. The guests were Officers and men of the Ang-lis County Red Cros , the Dowager Countess of Airlie actinga hostess.

Home Service Ambulance Committee AT the end of J une, 1933, there \\'ere, according to the quarterly report recently published, 163 of the Commiltee's ambulances and 155 affiliated stations, making a total of 318. The number of patients carrieu during the quarter was 28,168, bringing the total number of cases carried to June 30th, 1933, to 1,246,054. A comparative table of the work done in the yarious counties is also included at the end of the report. The reports calls attention to restrictions placed on ambulance work by certain boroughs. It urges that rules and regulations should be drawn up with judgment, and that sufficient elasticity should be given to prevent the occurrence of a driver having to refuse to take a patient because of a boundary line. During the past quarter demonstrations of the Committee's mobile X-ray apparatus were arranged at the headquarters of the Joint Council, and an extract from the BrilL'sh Medl'cal Journal, g-i ving- full particu lars of til is branch of the Committee's work, is incorporated in. the report.

:nention " FIRST AID."

kindly

the

&ditor.

We a re in no way responsible for the o pinions expressed, or the sta temen ts mad e, by Co rresponden ts. - ED IT OF .

~collancl

When corresponding with advertisers

Septem ber, 1933.

H E R E, T II E R E .\ [ D E V ERY\\TIJ E R E. DE.\R

IR,-

The ubiq uitnes of the SI. J ohn .\ 1l1bu lance Brigade ha~ been n'r1' strong ly demonstrated to mc during a reeen ho liday, and I thoug ht t he facts might be l)f interest to your read er . The holiday inclu led a \oyage to G ibra ltar and back. .\. monK the pa ' engel's Dn bl)ard were a DistriLl Comm issioner and t \\ a V .. \ . o.'s. The latter were goin~ It d o their mobi le training at the military ho:-.pit:t l there, am told u that t hey \\ ere the IIrt Brig-mIL- mcmbers to do su, and thoro ugh ly enjoyed the idea. On landing aL Gibraltar, a l Illo~t the lirt per .... on we Jl1L' t was a bl ue uniformed, yeq British lookill~ puliccll1an al"l' wea r ing the eighL pointcd ero. s. On the way home, one of the t[uarkrll1astL'r den.' lop, I acute appendicitis and had lO be landed aL l'lly n1l1uLh. Olh " more the Brig-ad\? intruded into our holiday, for the slret,hr party thalt'ul11e aboard at4.30.I.Jll. \\ere all ~t. John's J11l'n. Little hlCl like the~e do bri ng- home tll onl' \\ hat a larg- ' and energetic Order ours is. :'\ 0 douht othl'r rLelders (oul d giyc similar instance~. There was one other member t)f the Brigade t)ll hl)<lrJ the wriler, "L,u))

S P ECL\ L

CO~

T.\BLE~

CnRI's

• L 1'1 ...

Regulation-Right! Quality-Right! Price-Right! All Uniforms cut to Customer's own measurements NURSES COATS, A SPECIALITY. Send P. C. lor Price List and Sdj-1masurement I'orms.

Spcci.t1 Cl)llSl,lhuLlr)

Rl~l'n ~

" SPECI,\L CONSL\BLE . "

FIRaT-AID.

Seventh Edition.

.1. 3d.

Post free,

oP;";o" 0./ tMboOR." -LANCBT. AIDa TO HOME-NURaINO.

Third Edition.

R evised.

Price II. ,d .• post free.

Oame·Narslag Slmplllleli aDd 'abulatell, wltll Allil t • • em.ry. , T"ls bOOR wo"d.rtt-Il" limpli/f" "compt.x sflb;,et "ltd IMflid b, r.ad 611 all ItfleU"tl. "-L. A: N.W. Rv. GAZBTTE.

EFFIOIENOY

FIRaT-AID.

.1. ad.

Post free ,

24, Commerolal St., BRIGHOUSE,

Brrors 10 Plrst·Ald Detailed aad Explained. '1 "is book girJls a el.ar,y i"sig-M i"to tM m,tMds a"d di/ftc"Uill OJ ,,,,,rK""c, tr,alm,,.t by lay""" tlla" tlu official T,xt60oR itSlI/. "-LANCET.

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

YORKS.

TELEPHONE: B RICllOUSE 290.

OOMMON

ERRORS

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISrO~Y, AND ITS PA~T IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT,

]~ ()l IP11E\]'.

WHY

Uniforn Clothing & Equipment Co., LTD , 10 &

11,

HINTa

WHEREFORE

FOR

Telephones : Clerken well 6682 , 52 26.

FIRaT-AID.

Price II. ,d •• post free. FIRST AID.

HOSPITAL

ORDERLIEa.

Post (r~e , 8d.

Orllerly Duties SImplifIed aa ll Tabulated, wltll A!ds to .emory. A mosl compact bYfJehflr' . . eO"I";", Heflell flSlfwi i,.{o,..",atio" ." -PRESCRIBB FIRIIT AID.

Illustrated by so diagrams In Colours with Explanatory Letterpr ess. By Sir JAMBS CANTLIB, K . B . E. , LL.D., M.A., M . B . C. M ., F.R.C.S . , D . P . H .R . C.P . 7ld. net; post free.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSEa

Mou nted on Can vas , R oller t op a nd bollom . 2Ss . net each . Pos t, IS. I. Human Skeleton , front view. 2. M uscles, (ront v iew. 3. Human Skeleton ba ck view 4. Muscles , back view. 5. The Heart an d principal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of the Ches t a nd Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (B). 8. Viscera of the Chest a nd Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest and Abdome n (D). 10. The Nervous System. II. Schematic d iagram of Circulation r2. T he Humau Ear . 1 3 The HUIllAn Eye. 14. Med ian Section through Skin I S. M edian Sec tion through Head.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. Male, 808. net.

Female, 805. net.

\Vith Foetus, 8511 . net.

Carriage 211.

A book that Is selling by the hundred.

ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. Tbeir Signs, Symptoms and "First Aid" Treatmen t:.. An Ideal Memorizer Quick Reference. By A. T . GOODING . W ith Preface by WILLIAM L OCK L.R.C.P. & S. Ed., &c., and JOHN NICOLSOK, ~I.A. , l\I.B . , Ch.B.Glas. III. ,d . net post free.

J. M. CA~VBLL. M.R.C.8.BIII'. IN FEW WORDII. (2ooth thonsand) R evised.

FIR.T AID

With Coloured Diagrams.

HOME NURlilNa

CLERKENWELL GREEN, LONDON, E.C.l.

Telegrams : "U n iqu ip, London ."

AND

Fifth Edition.

"-/

PLEASE SEND FOR PRICE LISTS.

TESTS

DIIUcaities II Itully and 'reatmeat lol • .,d by Questloa aad Aalwer. " W, eomm.,.d t"il oooR to L.e/"r'YI ",.d St"eU"tl W"D will fi"d it of gr.tal

M.R.C.S.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION. St. John ' s Gate, LONDON, E.C.!.

COMPETITION

IIHJ{". " -

"As a work of r efe rence, the book wi ll be excrem ely usefu l and ho ul d be in the li brary of a ll ambu la nce worker. "-FIRST ,\ 10. PrIce, 3 /6; post tree, 4/~.

FIRST-AID.

(Stretcher, Individual and Question-Six Folders). Price 6d. each net, post, lid Each Folder contains special article on Competitions: -No. I, Training of Competition Teams; No.2, Conduct of Team In Competition Room; NO.3, !=ommon Errors In Competition ; NO.4 , Further Errors In Treatment; No. S, History of Competition Tests; No.6, Preparation of Tests.

N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.A., M.B

II. net: post :lid.

AMBULANOE

anJ also a keen first aider, I cannOl undel-~tand tIlt' apath: sho\\'n by my fello\\' comrades to the importance of amhu-

lance work. In London (City and :\letro[1olit'ln) all rl'gul;tr policl IJlllst pas a first aid e"amination. \\'hy thLn arl' not tltl' Reserves (who can he aptly dC'icribed as t he Regular ' assistants) also compel led to Lake a Cllurse l1f IiI' t aid! 1 noted, a month or two back, that the 'L'l'I'etan' l)f till' City cf London Police Rescne .\.111 bulance . cel inn~ in hi monlhly report ga\'e the number of pa . ...,l'S a..., (0. Eight:, mind you! with a membership in the Re~er\'e of het\\eL'11 2,500 and 3,000. The general publi(' kllnw that the R<..:~ular~ are first aiders, and naturall) enoug-h whcn the Resen es gl) on duty they expect to lind them al 0 fir...,t aider'>. I hope you will take this maller up and place it before those in authority, so that before long, e\ er) mall \\ 1111 \\ (,,11':-; t he uniform of the P olice R eserve, City altd l\1etropo litan, 'w ill be competent to render fir~t aid shou ld the occa ion arise.-Yours faithfully,

AIDa

Plrst.Ald Simllllfiell aDli tabulatell. wltb Allil to .elllory. (,'tli. Sir '"",IS CanUle c",/rib,,/.I "It ;"trod"ctio" "ltd W••"dtlrl' "ls gtlotl

co.,

THORNTON

THE

a member l)f

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &c.,

8, I. CORBEl FLEICHBR, •. B., B.C., B.A.CCIl.tab), •. R.C.!

Problellli la Itady, 'reatllleat and Examlnatlol lol"d ler lenlor Stallent'll " WIt"Dflt dIJflDt tlu 6IJOR will b, 0) gy.at ,,",ie, i" tM trai";,,K' oj tnD" for whom it il eUlig"'d. " -BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

.\\'1) FIR T . \ 1]).

DEAR SIR,-

Bein~

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRICADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

I2pp.

Clot h, 6d.

Strong paper . 3d. Post ld. (56th thousand). Revisecl Stron g paper, ,d. Post Id.

FEW WORDII.

With useful reference tables.

14 pp.

BANDASINC

DIAaRAMIi.

[2 PP.-72 bandaging d iagrams, with notes.

HEALTH

Strong paper, ~d.

Post Id.

B7 Sir ~. N. FI~TH. D.P.H Paper folder 3 in. and 4 in. Post free 3d. net.

IN FEW WORDII.

F.R . C.S.

20th Thousand.

M. PRB8TOI'II(. D,,,,o,,slr"tor to tM Polyttell"ie . THE TRIANGULAR BANDAaE: Price 1$. net; postage, ld

HOWARD

Its Application Accurately Described by Words a nd no Diagrams. ROLLER BANDAaE. Price I.!I. net ; postage, 2d. lis Application Accura telv D escribed by Words and 102 Diagrams.

THE

A Catholic Ambulance Brigade has been formed in

L iverpooL It intends to apply for St. J ohn ~tatus when thc necessary number of members have enrolled.

HOLIDAY

APARTMENTS.

E BAY. -Homely apa r tments or bed-breakfast; T H O4 RP doo rs sea, trams, park; recommen ded. - P ag ham, 14, Chelsea-avenu e. DAYS I N LOND O •. -Amb. S ister can thoro ug hly H OLIrecommend a comfortab le fam il y hom e fo r lont; or s hor t periods. T erms moderate a nd incl us ive. All convE'nie nces.-W ildma n, 5, Ver mo nt-road, U pper Non \'ood, S. E.1 9.

MBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE. By f. C. BOrfOMLEY. M.D. A booklet to aid those interested in Ambulance and Stretcher Work.

PrIce 2d. each, post tree. " Firat Aid," -46, Cannon Street, London, E_C 4.

.. FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. To De &ut ouf and enclosed wit" "II Queries SEPT .,

1933

FIRIIT-AID ANATOMIGAL DIAaRA • • • 13(1 to uand 14)on Roll

Post free , al. 9d. net.

N o. 13 (separate ly ) Male & Female Genital Organs I I' THE COMPLETE MANIKIN. Price 2 •. net; postage 4d Systems of Body a ccurate ly indexed . I nvalua bl e to Students of Anatomy Medicine, F irst·Aid and Allied Subjects.

THE B7

WHOLE ART OF BANDABINB.

yaeK:LA

BOWBeR.

Illustrated.

Post free, II. 2d

POGKET FIRST AID .ERIES. By Col. R, J. 8LACItHAM. C.B •• C.M.O .. C.I.B., D.5.0 .. M.'" (I) Polsonlug, (2) Hzmorrhage, (3) Insensibility) (.) Asphyxia fSuspeuded Breatil Ing), (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, ~6) Wounds, B les Burns, Scald! Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series contalDs all the essentials of First Aid Printed on linen·lined cards, 31 In. X si In. Third Edition. 6d. ne e,ch postage 2d extra.

AIDS TO MEMORY FOR FIRIIT AID STUDENT. AND NURSES VB~NON NBWTON. M. ~ c;: •• (BIlIE ). 9d. net. Pest JOHM

BilLE,

SONS

D4NIELSSON.

88-91, Great Titchfleld Street London

Ltd.

W.1.

Hobson & Sons

J. A. WYLIE & CO ••

Manufacturers of Unijorms, Headdresses, Accoutrements for

MEDALS, BADGES

(London) Ltd.),

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. SPECIAL OFFER of All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed LIMITED

QUANTITY

The Independent JournaJ for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

AND

No. 472.-VOL. XL.

TROPHIES &ultable for II

FIRST AID"

AMBULANCE AND SOCIETIE8.

TR.OUSERS-

Privates-13/9 per pair.

NOTICE

Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I. Phone - Hop 0680 & 7065.

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL. No. 77-

Original Designs and Quolaltons posl free.

Wholesale Prloe8 to all IIFIRST AID" SOCIETIEI.

North of England Office: 22, YORK PLACE, LEEDS.

HOLBORN

VIADUCT.

So bscriplions, Ad venisements and other business Communications DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 4 6 , CANNO~ STRRRT, LONDON, E.C.4. 7 eie,l{rapkic Address-" Twenf),-jrmr, Londotl." 7 elephont-Central £42£.

Telephone-0840 Cltv.

EQUIPMENT.

"STERAID '(Regd.) series ot absorbent and med icated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dressings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers only the quanti ty of gauze Qr lint required; after cutting this off, rotale the Container in the opposite direction and the rem aining contents are completely protected from expos ure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded tke Cert zjicate 0/ tke Institute 0/ Hygiene.)

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE

DIRECT FROM OUR FACTORY

•

Perfect Fit, QualIty and Materials, Correct Details,

All Dressings are of GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE.

"SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficlent receptacle for receiving soiled dressings, sanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing in any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the cont.ents are easily removed by releasing spring, without bein~ handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS ; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST-AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements. SEND FOR PRICE LISTS:-

~OBE~T BAILEY & SON, Ltd. MARRIOTT STREET MILLS. STOCKPORT (Tde}/z ollc : Slod}ort 2791 alld 4f (6)

end at 137. Sentinel House. Southampton Row, London.

w.e.1.

Prin"ed and .t'ublisheu. by DALE, REYNOLDS & Co., Ltd., 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C.4, to whom a1l!communications should be addressed. 7 elegrams--"Twenty-tour, London." Telephone-Central I42 I . To be had of aU Newsagents, Booksellers and Bookstalls in the TJnited Kin~dom and at all Railway Book~talls of Messrs. W. H Smith and SODS.

TH IS

NUMBER.

EO ITORIAL-

The \Yinll:r (,,,ion . ec ~)nLl Line of Dl'fence Jo hn .\mhulanc ' .\s oriation Prin ci pl e ~ o f Fir~l .\iLl Lect ure in Fir~l .\iLl ... S J.. \. Brigade District Reports Diag nl)sis '" ... Pri0r\" for \\'al 5 .\ lIcee. ~ful Year In \\'al'~~ Pol ice Ambulance News R 'l way Ambulance Nev,:" The Royal Life a\ ing ociety • n \ ppreciation ot en ice R vie w . Ia r\'e ls of lhe B'~~in and 'Nervous 'S~'stem .. . i mhulance News uLling - from the'Press .. . BI(loLl Transfu ion Volu ntary Aid D lachm ~ 'L' ... . .. Letters the Edilor Pi neer of l\ledicine o I Nurses' Pages ... . .. S' lplified Home Nur inDOCouplets T

R IES AND ANSWERS ;0

CORRESPONDENT'~~

Thanks to the Doctor Examination Howler . .. Epilepsy or Infantile Con\'ulsi~~ Symptoms of Opium Poi oning Tre.atment of Opium Poisoing Actl~n of Officer in Charge of Team Ca1ctum Carbide PoisoninoHowler in First Aid t-> ••• Humours of First Aid' ... Treatment of Fractured Cla\'i~i~ Meddlesome First Aid Peeps into the Past ... Composition of Bee Venom

. ..

PRICE THREE PENCE

[3/6 PER ANNUM, POST FREE

EDITORIAL.

c( nn ected with FIRST AID should be forwarced to the Publishers,

E.C.

Entered at [ Stationers' Hall

The

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at 1he a lress below, and should re:lch him before the 12th of each month ar j must be accompanied (not necersan"y /01" publication) by th~ n. n e and address of t.he Correspondent.

CONTENTS

SURCIOAL

~EADERS .

Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work it all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send ArtIcles and R ports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Pra::tical Papers.

London Showroom-

62,

R5T AID is published on the ~o t h of each month. . rmual Subscription is 3s. 6 d. post free; single copies 3 d .

Contractors to H.M. Ministry 01 Munitions, RUlli an Government. &c.

ADDRESS-

OCTOBER, 1933.

CORPS

Bronze, 3/-; Sliver, 4/6; Sliver, Gold Centre, 619.

ONLY.

FIRST AID

81 82 83 83 8i85

89 90 91 91

92 9+ 95 95 96 97

98 99 99

100 101 102 10+ 10+ 104 104 10+ 10+ 106 106 106 106 106 106 106

THIS is a busy time for the Class Secretary. In an endeavour to SE SION. attract recruits, new classes must be organised and a proaram me b of interesting items and lectures arranged. THE \VI

TER

. In. these days first aid is essential not only for Industrial workers, but for the man in the street his wife and family. ' . ',f0-day our streets furnish far too many opportunities to apply the teachings gained at the classes, and no imagination is needed to convince the nonmember?f the need for extending the knowledge of first ald. The i ncreasi ng toll of life taken on our ruads suggests the innumerable opportunities for the mitigation of human suffering by those, w ho~ prom pted by love of their fellows, have qualified to administer first aid treatment. Class Secretaries and others should not fail to bring these points home to the possi ble student. A little thought should convince them that first aid knowledge is a valuable asset, even if, so far, he and his have had no occasions in which to assist those injured. The student should be counselled to aquire the knowledge with the hope that he may never need it for himself or others. One point is that a great number of persons will require first aid treatment in the future, as in the past, and a greater n umber of first aiders will be required to minister to them. That is one part of the Class Secretaries duties' but what to do about the old members? The; have already shown their interest in the work and that interest must be maintai ned. Here it is Class Secretaries show their worth as such. In addition to the first aid course, lectures on other interesting subjects must be arranged . Under this headi ng we ~ugaest home nursing

FIRS T

(always useful to the married man), home hygiene, and other such interesting subjects . One word of advise. Do not give a ll your attention to the new member at the expense of the old. Both are needed in the ranks of first aider, and both should recei\'e individual attention.

The Second Line of Defence. By CAPTAIN NORl\lAN HA Il\IER, R . A .. l.C., l\I.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. THE First Aid treatment of a wound is designed to prevent, as far as possible, the entry of germs into the tissues. When the skin is broken! and germs do get in, they begin at once to grow and multiply and to produce substances which are damaging to the tissues. These substances are of various ki nds, the chief being : (1) Ferments, which dissolve the tissue cells, (2) Poisons called ptomaines, which poison the tissue cells and kill them. (3) Substances called toxins, which vary with the type of germ. Toxins differ from the other two substances in this way. The first two act upon the cells in the immediate neighbourhood of the colony of invading germs. Toxins act upon distant parts of the body and produce general effects, such as fever, and special effects, such as heart troubles, injury to the nervous system (as in tetanus) , and so on. When a germ colony is established in the tissues, that part is said to be -infected, and the wound sept-ic. So we can regard the skin as being the frontier of the body, germs as invading enemies, and the wound through which they enter as the point of invasion. Just as an invading army establ ishes itself, so the germs dig themselves in. The substances produced by the germs to damage the tissues are their weapons. The body, like the invaded country, has its army to defend it and to atta~k the invaders. Nature has provided many mechan isms to destroy germs and blunt their weapons. The blood contains things which do this : (1) Certain of the white corpuscles are called phagocytes. These have the power of eating up germs and destroying them. Under the microscope you can see these large white cells engulfing germs, and the germs being gradually digested away. (2) The fluid part of the blood (called the plasma or ~erum) produces substances called antibodies, which attack the germs and render them

October, 1933 .

AID .

harmless. One type of antibody seems to para lyse the rrerms, so that thcy become still, cease to fu nction and to rep rod lice, and are casi Iyin O"csted by the whit corpuscle. Another type dissolves them, and a third typc puts them out of action by gluing them together in clumps. (3) The plasma also produces chemical substances called anti-toxins, which combine with the toxins and neutrali e them, making them harmless. So we have this- the invading army of germs with its various weapon , and agai n tit, th l' defending army in the blood. ~ow to ref3el and destruy the invaders, the defenders must be mob z'lz'sed and transported rapidly to the cene of actiol The process by which an ample supply of blood contall1l11g the e defensive forces, is arried quickly to the point of in\'a ion, where the enem: germs are dug in, is called I:-\FLA:\I:-'L\TIO:-\. \Ve know that a septic finger get s\\' Ile l This is because of tll greatL red, and hot. supply of blood that has been hurried to it. Let us see what actually happen in the eptic finger. THE ST EPS I~

THE

PIHKE.

OF ]:'\1'1..\:-'[\1 \11 0

(1) The first thing i that tbe art rioles dtla/( i.e., they get wider, and so can arry more bloo(. This dilatation takes place a., a re ult fills age or impulses reaching the mu sc ular oat of til t: vessels by way of the ~y mpathetic Nervo ll System, the signalling or telegraphic sy tCI11 ~ f the body, which works quite indepencl ntI ' of th e will. lore blood, therefore, than usual packs ( '/ the blood vessel of the affected ar a, i ncl uLli I ~ the capillaries and the venules as well as tl arterioles. (.2) The second stage, following this initI al dilatation, is as follows: The blood flow in the dilated vessels first quickens, then slows do\\ , oscillates for a bit, and then stops. The white blood corpuscles, as the no\\' of tl c blood stream slows, seem to get stuck to the wal s of the vessel, while the red blood corpuscl s arrange themselves in rolls, like piles of coins, the middle. (3) Now takes place a most i nteresti ng phlnomenon, which results in all the constituent parts of the blood, white corpuscles, red corpuscle.:;, at d plasma, leaving the vessels and getting out in 0 the tissues, where each will do its own part in fighting the germs and counteracting their illeffects. The white blood corpuscles, which, as we have seen, have arranged themselves along the wall s of the vessels, pass through the walls . The stretching of the vessel walls seems to give rise to potential chinks or spaces between the individ Lal cells, which form these in the same way that bri cks form the walls of tu n ne ls.

October, 1933.

FIR S T

Through these spaces the white blood corpuscles squeeze themselves ou tin to the tissues each o?e tra~elli.ng along by thrusting out ~ finge.r-Ilke proJec.tlOn and drawi ng itself grad ually into It. In the tIssues, the white corpuscles start tc, do their work of eati ng up the germs. l\Ieanwhile, the red corpuscles are broken Jnwn by the pressure of the now tiaht-packed stag nated blood in the vessel, and are s;ueezed ou~ into the tiss~es, ",,' here they release their oxyr;ell. ~he flUId p3.~t of.the blood also escapes into th e tls~ues,. carryIng Its own protective products, d e anubodle and the antitoxin. TlIE RE ULT OF I:-\FLUf:\lATIOi\'. The initial speeding up of the blood stream hl' l ps, fi rst of all, to 'lvaslz muay and dzlufe tile It \ illS, while the i.nc r ased supply of blood helps to ~trellgtlzell tlze tzssue cells so that they can better r "Ist the attack of th germs. t the same ti me a I\. inforce ment of prOI{!c!l~'e substances alld willie (orpuscles are hurried to the pot and ~et free in II c tissues to do tll ir job. The broken .lown red rpu les r lea o.\)'gen, needed for the I irc and ,l( tlvity of ti uc c II and \vhite corpuscles. In the tissucs, the fight begins between the ge rms, arm d \\ ith their weapons, and the defcndin g I1lcch~nisllls in til blo d. The llght may ha ve \'aryl ng rcsu It :(1) The bloo I may win ca~i1)'. fhe bl od ma)' wi n a [ter a hard figh t, and 01'111)' tIssue cells and white corpu cle~ may be kl led . (Pu<) .) (3) The g rm may win, and mucl! tissue be de ·troyed, or d.amage. to the body generally be do ne br th~ toxins acting at a distance from their bl S~, 11k? long distance helling or 'plane raids. ~ +) ,fhe ger~s may be chccked, bu t many r'rnaln In the t~ sue", carrying on a prolonged s ruggle and dOing damage to the surroundin(T al ' a and to th~ body generallv. .... Later 011, we shall see ju-'st how these things may happen.

A I D.

St. John J\mbulance J\ssociation. STOUHBRIJ)GE. -To commemorate the Jubilee of the Association in Stourbridge, a Jubilee Celebration Service was held on Sunday, September 17th, which was attende'd by the Divisions of Dudley and District Corps of the Brigade. Among ~hose present were the ;\layor of Stourbridge (Alderman H. I.... Palfrey) Aldermen and Councillors, Viscount Cobham (Lord Lieutenant of \Vorcestershire), WllO read the lessons. A procession, which preceded the service, was formed and headed by the Lye Salvation Army Band marched to ?t. Jol:I1's Church. OVE'r 100 officers and men ~ere present JnT~ ludlng County Surgeon H. C. Darby, Corps Supt. A. \\ mbow, Corps Treasurer]. A, Harris, Corps ecretary H; P.. Schofield, Supts. W. Olli , H. Baker, E. Lakin, ]. H. \\ atkins, T. Preece, Lady Supt , E. Ollis, E. Thomas S \Vakefield, and other officers. The members of the St~ur~ bri~ge and Lye Fire Brigades, employees of the G. \V. Radway an? others completed an imposing procession. The Vicar (Rev. \V. J. Torth) conducted the service and gave the address. Follo\\'ing the service the parade re-formed outside the ch urch \vhere Lord Cobham, in a brief address, cong-ratulated them on the fine turn-out. Dr. E. Darb} thanked Viscount Cobham for his attendance. :-'1 uch of the organ isation of the parade was due to Supt. H. Baker of the Stourbridge Division.

I-r

Principles of First Aid.

en.

The annua~ c llurc!l par<~dc of the oulh .\ ll'lropolitan l; ~ Con2,pany Corps, .J.,\. h., was held on ~ unda\'

le ber 11th, c'l

i\Jary'~ Church, Rothcrhithe.

cp-

l.-Don 't assume a patient d ead because he seem to be 2.-Removc the ca use of injury- from danger set hi~ free. 3, Attend to severe h;:Cl11orrhage, for there the danger liel>. . 4.-.-\ir is needed - restore breathing should the need :lrt e. 5. - Re L, too, is cs~ential and pillows do no harm, (). - And blankets (If thcy'rc dry of course) will keep a patient warm. 7. - Promptly cover broken skin - clean dressings utili "e, .-Gel rid of poisons swallowed - if corrosi\·e, neutralise. 9. eeL-.:: best means of transport, if means at hand are plenty, 10. -S hould clothing ha\'l~ to be removed, use care and see page 20. . l1. - Friction, hot drinks, smelling salts, the e help to sllll1ulate. 12. - To do a doctor's work, don't e\·en contemplate. HAROLD JACKSON.

.\ COlirse of l ec lurc~ on First Aid lo the Injured (illus .. lr ed by lantern ~liJe ) has been ar rang-ed by th e \Villesden e)4 'Ien B ranc I1, .J. f \ . ..\. . to co mmen ce .... on Tue day October \f \~ 1933,. at Child's Hill Council Schools, Crickle\\'ood 2. Times ar~: women, 7.30 p.m.; me n, 8. JO p. 111: r;:l.I~ b~ n. L~akley IS to be 1I2c leclurer. Full parliculars obtained from Supt. b. \V. Jac kso n 1) Vicara tre \\'<1)" H arrow Garden Village, l\liddlcsex. ' " c ~

I;' A

and We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretaries . ?thers with specimen copies of this Journal for dl tnbutio n among their members. p Apply to the ublishers, FIRST AID, 40 Cannon St., London E .C ....

----. -

.---

The annual meeting of the City of London Branch, B. R.C.S., was held at the l\lansion House on Tuesday, October 10th. The Lady l\1ayoress, as president, presented awards. . The fir. t series of cla scs for men to be held durinR" the wlIHer session under the auspic s of the Gosport and Al\'erstoke Centre of the S.j .. \,,\., commenced on October 12th, 1933. The class secretary is .\m b. Officer Stares 74 \Nhitworth-road, Go port, Hanl , from whom full partic~lar~ can be obtained.

FIR S T

Al O.

October, 1933. --- - irregularity of the underlying bOlle. In fracture of the base, there is usually a discharae of blood or cerebro-spinal fluid from the ears or the nose. The patient is usually unconscious. Treatment.-If a wound is present, this shoul d first be dressed. 1f there are an y false teeth) they should be removed. The patient should be kept lying fiat. I n order to move the patient, if he is wearin g a lon g coat the collar should be turned up a nd a long stic k or pole rolled in each side of the coat; a furth er support should be placed under the head an d secured to the ends of the poles. The poles should be g rasped wit h the han ds wide apart, one person on either side of .the head the same at the level of the hips , an d on e take, charge of the feet. A blanket may be slipped und e r the patie nt and arranged in the same manner as a bove. Th patient should be placed on a stretcher with a little jerkin g as possibl e. Having sent for a docor, the pati e nt should b placed in bed and th e clothes remo ved with as litt! movement as poss ibl e, a nd covered w ith ,,·arn blankets. 'VeIl-protected ho t wa ter bottles sh ouIc. be placed in the bed, but not in contact with thtpatient. The room shou~ be darkened. After-treatment. --Nothing should be g ive n by mouth while the patient remain s un co nsc iou s . Rectal saline may be ordered o r nutri en enemata, and sometimes nasa l or so phagea l feed ing. No stimubnts are g iven. The bowels should be reg ul a ted. If th i' patient is unable to swallow, o ne o r two drops of Croton oil in butter or g lycerine is placed on th patient's tongue ; if the pati e nt is a ble to s wa ow, Calomel is the most s uitable a peri e nt. The temperature , pul se and res pira ti o n s houl l be taken and charted four -hourl y. The urine s hould be measured a nd a s pec im el kept. If the pa tient is s ufferin g fro m retention 0 urine, a catheter mu s t be passed. Care must be taken to preve nt bed sores . Direct li g ht must be excl uded from the pati en and absolute quiet maintained. Lum bar puncture or an opera tion may ha\ to be performed. If there is bleedin g from th e nose, the nasal cavities should be sprayed with peroxide of hyd ro gen or other antiseptic. If there is bleeding from the ear, it should be g ently spon g ed out and t h ~ meatus plugg ed with g auze, which is kept in position with adhesive plaster or a bandage. If there is a constan t discharge of blood or cereb rospinal fluid, the dressing ' should be chan ged frequently. Any signs of paral ysis or convulsive movements should be watched for and reported immediately.

FIRST

October, 1933.

AlD.

------~--

Lecture in First Aid. * By A DOCTOR. No.

1. - FRACTU RES. - ( Continued).

IF the patient is suffering from shock this must first be treated. Shock may vary from a feeling of faintness to complete loss of consciousness or even death. S Y :\l PTO :\IS O F SHO CK.

Extreme pa llor, the s kin is cold and clammy, the ex tremities are cold, th e pulse is feeble and rapid, so metimes irreg ular, and may be almost imperceptible. Respirations are slow and shallo"v, the temperatu re is sub-normal. TR EATM E N T

O F SHOCK.

1. If th e pa ti e nt has fa inted he s hould be laid flat on his back, the head bein g level with the bod y, all ti g ht clothin g around the neck, chest and abdome n must be loosened. 2. Th e pat ient should be covered with warm blankets, and hot water bottles w ith suitable coverin g s hould be placed near the p ,:\ tient. 3. Abundance of fresh air must be provided. 4. If the pa tient is in bed the foot of the bed should be ra ised. 5. ' V h en th e pati ent is consci ous , Sal Volatile or water may be given ; also hot drinks, s uch as coffee, tea or milk. Smellin g salts may be held to the nos tri ls. 6. An enema o f black coff ee (six ounces), with brand y (one ounce), may be adminis tered at a temperature of 105 de g s. F. to 110 deg s. F. 7. If the patie nt has ceased to brea the, a rtificial respiration sho uld be carried out. 8. If th ere is h ce morrhage, this must first be controll ed; if the patient is collapsed, the lower limbs shoul d be tig htl y ba ndag ed from the toes to the hips, and the arms fr om the fi ngers to the armpits. In cases of hce morrhag e, all stimulants s hould be withheld until the bleedin g has been controlled. F RACTCRE OF THE S KU LL.

•

l\lay be s imple o r compound, and may be caused ; 1. By direct v iolence, when the vault of the s kull is fractured. 2. By indirect violence, s uch as a fall on the feet or on the lower part of the spine, when the force is tra ns mitted throu g h the s pin e to the base of the skull. S y m ptom s .- If the s kull is fractured, there may be a wound of th e scalp, or swelling and

* R eprin ted by co urtesy of lht; Irish N U1'Si ng and Hospital World.

The

Brigade

St.

fohn

Ambulance

Dzst~zct

No I. (Prince of Wales's) District. HESDO .-The Hendon Cadet Division held their hrst Holiday and Training Camp at Binstead) Isle of \\ight. The number in camp was 28 the fi rst week and 24 the second week, Cadet Officer F . II. Hurford being thc Officcr-in-cha rge. • grim but yery intere ting disco\'ery was the finding of a kelcton amon o · the rock. at low tide. On enquiries being made it was thought to be the skeleton of a monk 1r0l11 thc bbc) clo~c by, who, il was said, used to bury t heir dead among tIle. rocks. Church parades werc held each unday, and numcrous camp fires to \\ hich neighhouring campers were ·nvited. First aid instrucbon \"'as also giYCll and altogcther th e camp pron:d a tremendous success. ' Ot:TIL\LL.-The outhall Diyision opened their w intLrocial ca 011 \\ Jth a l1cce~ -flll dancc on \Vedne(:ay. .'cptembcr 27th, when nearly 150 people were I r c -(!nt. The dance \vas organl ed hv Councillor 7. A. Cree ey, who acted as ::'ILC. . During a short inten aI, upt. J. E. Taylor a ked Dr. .\. B. Brook Lo make the pre u1tation of Honorary Divi .ioll al Yice-Presidents' bad~e ancl certificates to Coun ~i ll n r C. F. ollin and G. L\ . Cree ey, \\ ho had both put 111 a trell1cndotl amount of hard work to further the Brigade cause. :\[cl1tion \\ a ' made by Councillor Creesev that the ent ire proce eds of the e\'\.~ nil1g·s function \\ o~ld be Ptlt t(Jw ard jurni hlllg the newly purchased ambulance. "\ Parade of nearl) 700 member - of yariou organimarched th rou~h outhall treets to the Palace C~i nlma on :uncla)' afternoon, eptcmber 24th, at the lxth annual sen'icc or rranised by thc outhall Di\'ision :n conj unction \\ ith the local lodges of t he R.A.O.D. The eryice houlel ha \"C been held in outhall Park but O:\'i~lg to the \\ Ll \\ ealher, ad \·antage Wa taken of th~ pe rml slon of the managemen t to use the Palace Cinema. .),Iembers of the local eli\ i ion \\ ere supported by cor:tmgent~ from neighbouring districts. Other organisa tlOns takl11g part were thc R.A.O.B., O lel Conlemptible · B ritish Legion and othe rs. ' .The service \\ as conducted by the Rc\' . J. B. . I anngton Evans (\Ticar of IIoly Trinity), a isted by the ~ev. T. H. Bullin (yicar of St. John'. ) and the Rev. F. H. LTornal~ (Vicar of t. Georgc ·s). ),Ir. II. E. Chal1l10n (organist at IIoly Trinity) was at the organ . The address wa ' givcn by L ieut.-Col. ]. T . Woolryche P er owne, Knight of Justice of the Venerable Order of St. J ohn. IAfte r the service thc Re \' . T . I-I. ButEn dedicatee! th.e .rr:otor ambulancl: recently acqtlired bv the otlthall Dlvlslon . . ~at lOn

SOUTHER~ . RAILWA~ CORPS (SOUTlIERN ) .-Ide,d weather condltJOnS prevalled at the second annual "Amhulgamia" of this Corps, which was held on aturday, Sceptember 16th in the Sydenh am and Fo rest H ill Social lub and g rounds.

Reports.

Ambulance competltlOns occupied fi rst place, five men's and four women's teams entering. In addition, a successfu l Baby Show was held, pa rticula rs of which wi ll be found in . r Our 1 urses' Pages," side shows we r e er ected anel dancl11g on the lawn to thc music by radio and radio-gram and in the Hall to the l\Ierry Players' Band followed when du k fell. For the team test an excellent and realistic accident \\a~ -tag-ed. Each tcam saw the accident occur and the patient had hi inj uries well faked. In full view of all a woman was seen \vheeling, walking) across an open space \\'ith a push cart containing a little boy. Sudden ly a man dashed in front of her and, catching his foot in a wheel of the push cart, fell heavily to the ground face downward, upsetting the push cart. The woman immed iately went into hysterics . Ne ithe r t he woman nor the child were hurt but the man sustained a compound fracturc o f skull, simple fracture of left knee-cap, face \Va flll~hed, and breathing heavy. For the nurse's test a girl \\ as substituted as patient. All teams acted with promptitude and soon had the affair under control. Their v,ork ,vas made easier by the excellent acting of Mr., 11rs. and Miss Lloyd and ::'Ira ter B. ymonds, \"ho took the pa rts of the patient. Judges for the events were Corps Surgeon H. A. ~unlop (men's t~am) and Corps Supt. A. J. Green (indinc1ual ) · Lady DJstnct Officers 11rs. McCaffery and ::'IIiss Grindley. .A fter the competitions the presentation of prizes was pre Ided o\'er by ::'IIr. George L angford (President of the Club), supported by 11r. \ V. Foreman (Secretary) and Corps Supt. A . ]. Green. \ Tisitors included District Officer Drinkwater (K o. 8 District), Corps Supt. Pain, a!1d Corps Officer "'Nickens (South ).Iet. Gas Co. Corp); Commandant G. Owens and representative of the B.R.e. ., al 0 members of various Diyisions. The results of the competition were:::'lIen: 1. Inter-Corp Cup and Cigarette Ca es. Bricklayers' Arms" A," 410 marks; 2, Chromium plated Cia-arette Ca es, Bricklayers' Arms "B," 393. b Nurses: 1, Tursing Cup and Butter Dishe . No . 69 .. B," 1 98~ marks; 2, \ Tanity Cases, o. 69 (( A," 189 . Corps. upt. Green was in charge of the a rra n gements, aSSIsted by Corps O ffice r \ V. Miller, Corps Officer ,'tedman, Diy. ~upt. C. Harrison . Amb. Office r Carpenter, and other members of the Corps .

No. II. District. Go PORT.-The Gosport and Alve r stoke D ivision ha \'e lost a good worker by the death of Corporal G. A . F. lIobbs) who pa sed away on Sunday, S eptember 24th , afte r a long illness . A t the interment, which took place on September 27th, his last request that he sh ould be carried to his la t resting place by member s of the Di \'ision was carried out by PriYates L amina- Y ou no' Stock and F rost with Amb.- O fficer A. Stares in ~omman~L Members of the Division were pre ent at the interment and also a detachment of nm e headed by L ady D iv. upt. Irs . VVarren. F loral tributes included tho se sent by the officers a n d members of the Ambulance Division a nd a lso the N ursing D ivision. Th e late Co rp I. Hobbs was t h e oldes t mem ber of t h e

FIRST

DJ\i ion, ha\ in~' taken hi ' fir't certificate in 1906. anel after 2-1- ,ears of acti \'e sen-icc was pJaced in the re ene. He \\ a' ~Hl enthusia'tic \\ orkcr and \\'a, al\\ ay' ready to do his hest for the hettering and uplifting of the Brig·aele.

No. III. Disttict. BIR:\ll:\GII.\)L-On 'aturday. 'eptcmber 30th, the BIshop of Birmingham dedicated the new headquarter of the Birmingham A:sociation and Brigade. The ne\\ building. knO\\ n as the ~ e1 '011 ~lel11orial Hall. has been erecteel to perpetuate thl' memory of the late Dr. Thoma • Tel'oll, [he first . \.s:-.istant Cnl11mi'sioncr in Birmingham. The opening ceremony \\'a' performed by Sir Charles Hyde. Rart. (Presidelll of the Birmingham County), and the company pre 'ent included the Lord ~Iay()r and Lad:' ~layorc -' of Birmin~'halll (Conn. H. E . Goodby and ~1r . Go~elhy). ~lajor-lrul. ::-1ir P. \\'ilkin on C-':'ecretaryGeneral of the Order), Sir Charles H. Rafter anel Lad.' Rafter. '::ir Gilbert Darling. Dr. G. ~'t. John ton. County CDl11mi sioner Capl. ]. Henton \\'hit e, i\ t. Com. Col. B. J. T. Ford, Connty Surgeon E. \\' . Par ey, Connty Officer C. ~. ~lilner. A.jCount\' Officer \Y. E. Ballar'cl. Lady County Officer ~1rs. P~rter and other members of the Brigade. After in pecting the guard of honour. 'ir Charles Hyde performed the opening ceremony \yith a golden Ke}-. pre ented hy A. County Officer Ballard. \\ho \'ohmtarily de ig-ned and . 11pen'i ed the building. The ocial ~eason of the County of Birmingham Corp, X.e.O. Club, opened on aturday, October 7th. \\ ith a concert helel in the new headquarters. A large and appreciatiye audience attended. being entertained by wellkno\\ n arti te A most enjoyable e\'ening \\'a spent, \\'hich au~ur well for future functions. T "\"\[\\·ORTII.-The Tamworth Amhulance and XU1"ing Di\'i ion held their Annual Church Parade at the Parish Church. Forty members were present. The Re\-. A. C. Smith (Curate), \\ho took the sen·ice. gaYe an appropriate add res on the ~'ood work the Divi'ions \Hre doin~. After sen'ice, the members marched hack to the chool yard. .\.n apology for absence was recei\'ed from As t. Com. Dr. D. ~1cCol1, o",ing to profe ional duties. ~1r. \Yeale pre ented the" Chandler " Cup, which \\'as recently competed for. to the Hon. ,ecretary and lIon. erg-eant:. Gorton. ~1r. \Yeale congratulated ergt. Gorton on hi uccess two years in succe sion. ~ upl. \Y. H. Chandler mo\'ed a yote o[ thanks to ~Ir. \\Teale. \\ho, in replying, aid it " 'as a great pleasure to him to be amongst the Ambulance men and womcn. Referring to their good 'York, he said he did not think it \\'a as fully recogni cd hy the public as it should be. The officer present included upt. \\T. H. Chandler, .\mb. Officer \\' . Leyick, Res. Amb. Officer 'vV. Armstron~' and Lady Amh. Officcr ~1rs. E. A. O\\C11.

No. IV. (Lancashire) Dist r ict BL.\cKBuRx.-IIeaded by the Accrington Ambulance Pipers' Band. the Corps and Divisions [rom .Blackburn, ,,\ccrington, Darwen, Read and \Vh al1cy marched from Blackburn to Darwen. On arrival they were re, cLi \'cel by the ~layor of Darwen (Coun. 'vV. ] cpson), who a itcr\\'ards joined the men at tea, which was served in the Eycrton Street Drill Hall. Thi was the last of the route marches organised in ~o. 2 sub-area for the Sllmmer season. BOLTo:\.-The Dolton Corps has lost all energeti..:

A I D.

October, 1933.

and efficient Secretary in the death

Corps

Officer

II. Greenhalgh, \\'ho \\'a ' bnried with Ambulance hononrs at Deanc Cemetery, Bolton, 011 ~ eptell1ber 29th, 1933. FLEET\\'ooD.-Excellenl arrang-ell1cnt to deal \vith allY accident or sudden illne were mack hy Supt. Bailey (Fleetwood Diyi ion). when thol1'and of people Hocked into Fleeh\'ood on the occasion of the \'isit of II.R.H. Prince Georg-c. who attended to pre ent the harter of Incorporation to the Charter-.\layor, but, apart from a jew case of iainting, there was no call for thc cn'ices of the mbulancc 111en and i tcr ' . :-Jine team n f I~()y Cadets competed [or thc Fleetwood Fish ~lCl'chaJ1t " Shield on Saturday afternoon, September 23rd, \\ hen Liycrpool North was declared the winning' team, and reccin'eI the shield and medal, and Liyerpool Exchangc, only one mark hehind. recei\'ed medal. The trophy was pre 'cnte(\ by the Presi, dent of the Fi h illerchant" Association (illr. :?\esbitt) and Conn . A. J. Pricstley (Chairman of the Fleetwood onncil) acldre sed the competitor. The j uelge WCl'e Drs. Thomas and Ritchie, and the organi ing- ecretar). Amb. Officer J. Thoma on. Ll\·ERPooL.-On Satnr(\a), Septt'mber 30th. delegate . from the yarions Corp ' and Di\'ision- of ~o. -I- Lancashire Di , trict met at ~t. George's Hall. L1HrpO()1. for thl 'econd Annual Conference. The meetIng' \\ a' presle1vl oYer by the Commissioner Pl1'. \\'. G. 'mIth. O.RE.). and a ci,ic \\T!cOl11e \\ a extended by ~lr. 'harll. Porter. The financial tatell1 nt \\'a pre' ented hy the Distnct Trea nrer Plr. ]. llarri ). and the report on ~nrsin~. Cadet and V.A.D. actiyitie \\'a giyen b) '\lrs. T\\ eeda1c. e.RE. (Lady Di trict Superintendent). The Commi ioner re\'ie\\ ed thc year's progreso and added. with almo t 10,000 memhers. the i)i ·tnct wa· no\\ nearly a trong a the old Xo. -I- Ditnct. which \\a1110 t ati factory. TT e poke of the -eli- . . acrifice of th Blood Donors of the \\'igan Corps. and rL ierrecl S) m pathetically to the ab ence of the District ~'l'crl'tar) (.\Ir J. H. Cleal) owing to i1lnes . hut \\'as glad to tatl' that. according to the late t report, progress hac! hccn 111al11 tained, and '\1r. Cleal was looking fon\ arc! to re'i1lll1in:,:' duty before long. Corps ur"'eon :\lurra\' 'alrll ' addrl'>'>l'd the meL'lill" 011 the iml;ort~llce of l11~intailling efficiency. and dl'al~ \\'ith ~l1ch important points a the Correct Treatmcnt for Durn, Artificial Re piration. and, abon! all. the tl ' C of common sense in all First Aiel work. A hand omeih'cr cup. and a sih'er ah er \\ ere presented to Asst. Com. F. E. ele B. Pim. In honour of hi..; fifty years' \\'ork for Fir't Aider', and afterwards Dr. Pim requested the Commi ioner to accept it for compe tition in the District in the hope that it would l'nCOltragl a knowledge of life- aying. MORECAMBE. - Thc Annual Concert organised by the pupils of ~1is- L. C. Burkitt. L.R.A.~I.. was giH'll ill till' St. ~Iary's Hail, on September 11 t h, and agalJl the proceeds were generou Iy de"oted to thc fund' o[ the S.].A. PRESTON.-Alc1. T. H. C. Derham (Mayor or [)reston) presided at the Annual General .i\leeting of the Preston Corps, and was sup ported hy Corps Supt. E. F. 11illing:ton, Lady Corps Supt. ~1rs. J roward, anel thl' Corps Secretary (J. A. Lendrum). Moving the adoption of the Annual Report, lVIr. 1illing-ton pointed out that the formation of new instruction classes afforded a splcndid opportunity ror the youth of Preston to acquire First Aid knowleug·e. The Corps continued to increas(' ill numbers, but the sLlpply was not equal to the growing

FIR S T

October, 1933.

dema nd [or thei r services. IIe wOllld like to suggest to the OWllers of mac! servicc "chicle the wisdom o[ encoura~illR memhe rs of their staffs to take up First Aid, anc! the llece . ity of equipping their vchicles with suitahlc First Aiel outfits. The report showed the 1l1emhcrship had increasecl ~') 113 at the end of 1932 (1-1-7 A1l111l1lance, 166 NursinR), ;ll1d Diyisions had been formed at Long-riclRe and Croston. The :.'I[a1'or aid it was amazinR that, in the midst of the Rreat trageely of unemployment, in which their members were as deeply il1\'oh'ed as any, they attended to t 1leir voluntary duties with unabated enthusiasm. It was a great tribute to e\"Cry member of the Corps . T\\mslr.-The members o[ the Stanclish Divi ion

hLlcl their First Annual Church Parade recently, and were a ccompanied hy the hairman, members and officials of th e Ditrict olll1cil. in addition La other units of the W ig-an Corp. The Re". C. \V. N. IIutton (Rector) nreached the erll1on. ancl a \\ reath \\ as placed on the \ Var ~Iemorial b)orp 11Pt. Potter. Ahout 200 \\'ere on parade. Officer pre ent included Corp upt. Poller and 1\11'. D. 1\Iakillso11 (Officer-inC1arg-e of the ,tandi. h Di"ision). c

o. V . Di s trict. DF.RRY. \ . ist. COIll. H. C. Ch~1l11hers inspected the De rhy. :.'Ifappcrlcy C()lIiery and nl'lpcr Di"i ions on aturL<l ). ~ eptemher 30th. on the Derby :'Iful1icipal port.

C roUl1cl.

The.\ i, tant ol1lll1i -ioner. who congratulated the un its on thlir lfficicnc), \\a' accompaniul by the 1\1ayor or Derby ( \Id . \. E. ),fnult). Count) ~llr~e()J1 \V. Turton I f TTl<lnor) anel Dltrict Onicer T. T. Gooch\in. ~ upt. \L ~r. Short (nelper)' and ,upt. T. ~t()ne n r,lpPlrll) Cnllllr)) werc prCSl'llt. wh1l. t Supt. F. Grice Derh') \\Cl' coml11;IlHlin!!' officer of the parade. The Til pectl11!.;· OAlcl' r pn·. entdl a long-service m{ dal. f()r 13 \"Cars' l'fnCiL11t sen icc, to Pte. II. A. J 11111an. of nLTh~" niYhion, and a 'Ccrlnd n\'c-\'ear ' hal' t . ert;t. \. Kidd. aloof fh rh\ 1)1\ i. ion. ' The .\ra) or 0 f Dnh\" prc'sentl'ci other awards· la bels. 111cc1alliOlh and certificates-and commented on the Jncdal and hars _ hn\\'in~ 30 n ars' .efYice h\' one of the Ilc r!l\' unit. ThL holde~ i . tarf • ergt. E. Banni ter, who "a s 3-1- years' en' icc to hi credIt. LEEns.-The 111l'1111>er of the Leed.· Corp had a "ery t ru1tlOl1S da\' OJl the occasion of the yi it of Their ~raie tic. the' King ancl Queen to Leec1s to open the new ri \'ic ITall. The mcmher paraded at 9 a.m. at the :.'IIi11 lT dl ~chool under the command of the Corps Supt. R H. La ker. and were detailed in ections under the charge of (111 officer and a lad\' officer to the 13 Ambulance ultiol15 \\ hich had heen ar'ranged for al()ll~ the se\'en miles of "" )ute which \\"a taken b\' the RO\ al Proce ion. The c~ o\\'d wa so dense at o~e section' ncar the Civic Hall <' lei the Town IIall. and the ca e became 0 numerou , th at two additiona l stations had to he hurriedly arranged. n~ on the gra la\\'11 in front of the Ciyic Hall and one l·ls1de. The Ambulance Stations were under the medical l'p~r:,i ion of the Corp Surgeon (Dr. Rowling) and six DlVlslOnal Surgeons, with Corps Officer Abbott, Corps Officer Fenton, and Corps Officer Renton supervised the d ut~ along the route and the general arrangements of the :,;tattons. The number of members on duty was 47 Officers, 168 N.C.O.'s and men, 113 Ambulance Sisters and 6 Cadets, a total of 334 members . IA D"ood number of those on duty sacrificed their day's wages to do this duty, because it wa not proclaimed a general hQliday.

A I D.

Tncluded in the above numbers are 7 Officers, 21 1'\'.C.O.'s and men, ] 5 Ambulance Sisters from the Castleford Corps WllO had kindly offered thei r assistance and which was gladly accepted. The number of cases attended during- the day was 678, mostly faint s or crushed fin gers or toes, but 10 cases had to be remoyed to the General Infirmary, and four to thei l' homes. The newly-appointed A~ istant Cnmmi sioner of the 1\1idland Area, TO. 5 District, Dr. W . • . \Vest-Watson was present and accompanied by Corps Supt. Baker yisited se\'en of the Amhulance Stations and expressed him elf as highly satisfied with the arrangements made and the way the duty was being carried out. :.'I1eml1ers were also detailed for duty in five of the Parks where entertainments and fireworks took place in the eYening until 10.30 p.m. so that a very full day's work was done. A letter of thanks and appreciation has been recei\'ed from the Chief Constable of Leeds, and also se\'eral from patients who hac! been attended to during the day.

No. VI. District. BISHOP AucKuxD.-The Bishop Auckland Social Ser\'ice Centre. which has now formed a division of the Brigade with 23 members, held an ambulance class for unemployed as a result of which 13 men have obtained ce rti fica tes. A flag day in aid of Divisional funds will be held on c . aturday, October 28th. Tt is bc1ie\'Cd that this is the first Social Centre to form an ambulance di\'ision. FE:\CE IIoL'sEs.-:\11'. Stanley Emberton. Commissioner for Durham and orthumherland inspected the Hetton-Ie-Hole, Houghton-Ie-Spring. South Hetton and the Lumley ixth Pit Division on aturday, September 23rd at ~1ortoJ1 House. Fence HOll es. Dr. F. J. Boyd (HouCThton-le-Spring) and Dr. Derek Kelly. supen'ised the demonstration of first aid \York. \\ hich included loading and Llnl oading the ambulance. Officers present included Supt. R. Stokoe (Hetton1c-Hole). upt. \V. Stokoe (Houghton-Ie-Spring). Supt. T. ~1ann (South Hetton), Supt. G. R. Ayton (Lumley , ixth Pit). At the conelu ion of the in pection Mr. Embleton congratulated the men on their martness on parade and the efficiency they had hOWll in first-aid work.

No. VIII. (Duke of Connaught's ) District. HULSIL\1If.-Sundav. September 2-tth. was a red letter day for the Hailsham Diyi i('ln. when Lord Hailsham. the Secretary of State for \Var, opened the new Di"isional Headquarters. The building, which is situate in Groyeland Avenue, and generoLlsly presented by ~Ir. A. Donald Jan-i. i a larRe and commodious wooden structure admirably suited to the work of the Division. Among those upporting Lord Hailsham were Lady Hail ham. [r. Tohn Slater, 1\LP., the Mavor and 1\Iayoress of Ea, tbourne (Alderman and 1\Irs. L. lacLachlan), the Hon. 1\1rs. Rupert Gwvnne, the Hon. Mr. Quintin Hog-g, Mr. and 1\1rs. A. D. Jarvis, Miss Slater, and 1\[r. R. A. Niedermayer, solicitor to the Trustees, while the following Brigade Officers were present : -The Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief, Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher; Assistant Commissioners, l\fajor W. H. F. Noble and Captain E. A. Chill; Lady District Supt. Mrs . C. Falwasser: County Surg-eon C. Whitcher; District Officers C. 1\Iilton, Captain W . Butcher. E . l Prew and D. Bryce; and Lady District Officer, Miss H. May. A parade wa formed at the recreation around con-

FIR S T

ting of the Hailsham Divi ion, under Supt. G. A. Thornton, representatiYe of Hasting- Town, H a ting ~.R., Rye, Newhaven, Battle, Robertsbridge and Tun hridg-e \Vell Divisions. under Supt. G. H. French (H asting ). al 0 r epre entati \' e of numerous public bodies, the whole being under the charge of District S ecreta ry Ir. H . J. \Vrigglesworth, On arriYal at Groveland Avenue the parade was in~ pected bv Lord Hailsham and a short service was conducted b)~ the Yicar of Hail ham (the R ev. Macklin C. Chapman) after which 11r. A. D. Jarvis formally presen ted the building to Dr. Corbet Fletcher for use of the Hail ham Division. Dr. Corbet Fletcher, in accepting the gift. thanked :-1r. Tarvis on behalf of the Commi ioner for his great gene~osity. It was -1-1 years since the opening of th e first ambulance headquarters, in Lanca hire, and it wa the experience of the Brigade that no diyision which possessed its own ambulance hall eyer dropped out. He hoped the Hailsham Diyi ion w ould con t inu e for many years as a tribute to :-1r. Jani' g·e nerosity. The Vicar dedicated the n ew building. and before

A 10.

October, 1955.

ham Diyi ion would find their new h om e a happy one a nd a centre of useful w ork and recreation. 1\1r. Jan-is hand ed Lord Hailsham a silver gi lt key with which h e opened the door and the company entered the building. The parade then re-formed and r eturned to th e r ec reation ground , after which the members of th e Brigade returned to the h a ll for tea, as the guests of Mr. Jarvis. MAIDSTO E.-The annual inspection of tilt Maidstone Di trict Corps \Va conducted at the Corn Exchange on l\10nd ay even in g, September 11th, when there were some 120 of a ll rank on parade. The inspecting officer \\"as Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief. He wa acompanied hy Di strict Officer H. J. \Vri gglesworth. The Corp paraded under Corp upt. J. H. Day, M.RE. the illaidstone Di\·i ion being- uncler Diy. Supt. G. Goodyer, and the Lenham Division uncler Div. upt. Groom. The Maidstone cadet were under Cadet Offi cer

October, 1935.

FIRST

Following the inspection, Dr. F. H. Rodier Heath took the salute as t.h e various divisions marched past in column to th e mUS1C of the Parkstone and Branksom e United Prize Band. The p~rade ~hel1 m.a rch ed to St. J a mes' Church for a short serVIce. 1 h e BrIgade was welcomed by the Retor (Rev. Bernard II e rkl ots), who also conducted the service T he !c.sson wa read by orp Supt. E. S. Bennett. 'o llectlon was take n for the Brigade. After th.e service tea was kindly provided by the Poole Corps In the Shaftesbury Hall. . . ~r. Rodi er Il eath expressed hi appreciation to the IIV1S1011 for the way the parade was conducted, and ha nked the Poole Corps for th eir hospitality.

' 0. X. Oi .. trict.

. ~rajor l\1.. IacEwan, the Asistant County Commis~ 1ner of Jps\\lch ha annoullced that it was proposed to t 'J rm a new branch of the Brigade, to be known as the AIr Ambulance Di\'i ion. C

The new (.II\'i <;iol1 will consist of a ect ion for men, r n~I~"lllg eetlOll ancl t\\,'o for boy and girl cadets. In a( ~ c11tlOl1 to ~he u ua l kl.lO\\' leclge of first-aid, the women \\ ti l be . reqlllred to qlla.1! fy in hospital nursing, while th e rlcn w111 clo a c<?urc 1I1 fire fighting. :-Iembers will be 1I1st ructeu a lso 111 aeroplane con. tructiol1, and in the t rea tment o! case , ari ing fr0111 aircraft accidents. All me l~lb c r \:' 111 haH an opportunity to qualify for lifc.L \, lIlg certIficate - and medal ' 111 connection \\ ith eaplanc

work.

. The fir..,t (.liYisi(~n will he commenced in conjunction \ Ith ~h.e Tps\\ I('h AIrport. Clas. e \Viii begin as soon a a "ufficlcnt number ha . enrolleel. . C RO;\fr:R.- The anllual r eport of the Cromer Di\'ision 'I \'es fllrther proof of the good work clone hy the memb('r.'. . a c: trl'all-d numher 2.000 and 228 patient were ca.r n ecl 1n the motor ambulance which neces itated a mIleage of nearly 20,000 milee;. The ambulance is no\\' Ill'.collllng the wor e for wca rand £:300 i needed to ob 1:\:11 a new 11l0del.

Diagnosis. Th e Ashbu rton Division were s uccessful in the prize li st for the abo\'e tableau which was ente red in the As hburton Carniyal.

arrive at the correct conclusions, first aiders I list fu II y understand the information con tai ned 11 the Textbook. In recen t com peti tions, some mIsta kes have occurred and it is to be wondered \ hethe r, after allowi n a- for the nervous tension un der which the work was done, the same mistakes \' ) uld not be made in an actual ca e. . If the information gained from the Textbook I"; app lied intelligently there is no reason why a dIag nosis should be faulty. It should be remembered that every sign, no matter how small and every change in the patient whether it be th~ colOur of the face, the pulse, the breathing, is of co nseq uence. An unconscious patient is one instance where the re. is so little to work on. In addition to the ? efi nlte rules set down in the Textbook tht folIowlI1g may assis~ the first aider in his diagnosis. After notlng the general surrounding the eyes '1' )

op ening it, Lord Hailsham said he supposed it could seldom have happened that a :-linister of the Crown inspected a parade made up of such different units as h e saw around him. However different their sphere of service, they " ' ere united in regard to duty to their country, and secondly rea1ised the need of discipline and training in order to giye the best service. He congra tulated the Hailsham Division on the great acquisition of their headquarters. He was not sure tha t the public realised what a valuable work the St. J Ohl1 Ambulance was doing. In their own county they had 21 units comprising 800 to 900 members. Last yea r, between 3,000 and 4,000 cases we r e carried in t h ei r ambulances, and 1,660 r oad accidents were dealt with, which must have included thousands of casualities. Tw elve posts were maintained every week-end to deal with road accidents, and in addition to this, there was the work of the nurses attending hospitals and the work done by the medial comforts units. He commended the g r eat generosity of Mr. and Mrs. A. Donald Jarvis and expressed the h ope that the men and women of the Hail -

Clinch , while acting L ady Supt. 1\liss E . Hobbs \\ as in charge of the Nursing Division, with Cad et Officer 1\lrs. Rose in charge of the Gi rl Cadets. A thorough inspection of the equipment, first-ai d work and stretche r drill was made. atisfaction wa s expressed by the Inspecting Officer, who later yisited th e ambulance garage and the n ew "Joe Dunk" 1emorial Hall.

No. IX. District. POOLE.-The first inspection of Dr. F. R. Rodi er H eath , since his appointment of County Commissioner, was h eld at Poole on Sunday, September 17th, when Ambulance and ursing Divisions from Dorch este r, Weymouth, Port land, Poole and Shaftesbury paraded on the Ladies' Walkin g Field. D istrict Officer Dr. C. M. Forbes was in command. the inspecting office r being accompanied by Lady District Officer Mrs. Lansdown, RR. C., a nd Corps Officer J. M. O 'Hara.

A I D.

of the. patien t Isbou ld be tested for degree of u nconSCIousness. The pulse shou ld be noted to determ ine the action of the heart and at rhe same time the colour and appearance of the face, also body temperature should be observed. . Np.xt the respiratory system should be exam Ined to see if the patient is breathina- and if so whether the action is normal s low fas? stert'orous' etc. The odou r of the brea~h sh;u Jd be noted o~ if the lips are stained. Examine the nervous ;ys~em to ascertain if any sign can be detected of inJury to th.e brain. One side of the body may have greater It m pness than the other. Fu rther i njuries such as fractures, et., must also be looked for. To g ive an instance: \Vhil st out for a cou ntry wal k a. person is fou nd 1yi ng- on the ground . there being no othe r person in sight and no nearby houc:e. \Vh at to do? . Glance around and take notice of the surrO-lnd lngs and marks on the clothing. The patient appears unconscious, and on the test being applied this is confirmed. The eyes do not respond to tou.ch nor the pupils to light, whilst the latter are slIghtly unequal in size. The pulse at the wrist is found slow and the t~nsion high, and the body temrerature is slightly higher than normal. 0 n exam i n i n 0" the breathing, the patient is making a snoring sound and puffin~ hIS. c?eelcs at each expiration . Finally, on testlng, It IS found that the limbs on one side of the bod y are more limp than the other . Thus we find that the pJ.tien t is unconscious' pupils unequal and fixed; pulse full and bound~ ing; skin above normal; and breathinO" stertorous. !~e majority of first aiders wilt'at once say that It IS case of apoplexy or compression. It is not necessary to go on from this to determine whether it is a case of one or the other as that should be well known. . Mu.ch more might be said on this question of diagnOSIs, but the foregoing is enoua-h for the first to follow the re~soning and by using the same methods to any gIven case, to see how to arrive at correct concl usions. - - -- . - . - - According to the accountant's fig-ures the sum of ,£131 7s. -fd. was added to the funds of th e Ashford Ambulance Corps as a result of the a nnual flag day. An ambulance belong-ing to the Southall Division S.J.A. 8.'. caug-ht fire in "V,Tes t Ealing Broadway, on Thurs~ day even 109-, Sep tem ber 1-fth. The co nOa (Y ration which \~'as cau ed through a back fire, was exting-~ished shut tIng off the petrol supply.

The "DECO~ATOR.s' « PAINTERS' MAUA11J\L" 8d. monthly) is 1 HE trade paper for all interesteli.-_ Publlshio&, Office: ~o. CaJ'D<ln Streel, E.C ....

FIRST

October, 1933.

A I D.

erection was in progress, and 140 cases received first aid t reatment. Ambulance lasses have been set up at three of these Centres, to which textbooks and first aid outfits have bt!en i sued frec and assistance given in instruction and exam i nation fees, Activity in this dire tion is not confined to Cardiff; simila r progress has been made at Dowlais, Pontycymmer, T lloypandy, ix Bells, Cwmcarn and Brithdir in South Wales and t. A aph in North vVales.

Przary for Wales. ROAD TRA:-\SPORT AilIBt;L r\N E ACTIVITIES.

At the annual di tribution of awards to the Pontypridd G. '''. R. Cia and Di\'i ion of the Brigade held on September 2 th, the Hon. John H. Bruce (Principal Secretary and Coml11i sioner for \\'ale ) referred to a subject to which attention was drawn in the last issue of this Journal, \·iz., the need for the training of the staA' of pas enger traffic undertaking in fir t aid; and in the presence of the Director of the G. \\'. R. Company, Sir 'Yilliam James Thomas, Bart., ,,,ho attended with Lady Thomas, and the Divisional Superintendent, ~lr. F. G. "'ainwright, he rnade a plea for the extension of the ambulance scn'ice rendercd by the Great '''estern Raih,'ay Centre to coyer the staff engaged in road transport. It was pointed out that here was a great opportunity for pioneer work and that the Priory for '\'ales would welcome the time ,,,hen such de\'elopment would call for the organisation of a national competition for teams employed in transport undertakings in \Vales. Alread~', the Priory has receiyed enquiries from several districts, and classes ha\'e been started within the past month at Cardiff and Aberdare ; while at Swansea, Llanelly, Ha\'erford\vest and Porth classes for omnibus workers ha\'e been held for some time, and at Neath and Bridgend Units of the Brigade have been raised frorn such recruitment. There is, however, extensive scope for development in this direction, and, gi\'en a little support from the Owners, it is not likely to be difficult to persuade drivers and conductors of public service vehicles that a knowledge of first aid would be a very \'aluable asset. The statutory provision of the cutfit on certain cla's ses of \'ehicles has served as a goad in the pur uit of such instruction, as a public servant in charge of ambulance equipment but ha\'ing no knowledge of its application would feel helpless indeed in the event of accident. The Priory is encouraging companies and corporations in charge of such services to form classes as a preliminary measure, to be followed in time by company cornpetitions w(lrking up to a vYelsh final transport competition. NEW CE:\,TRE ApPOINDIE 'TS.

For the administration of the work of the Priory, the Principality of vVales and Monmouthshire are divided into County, City and Borough Centres, each with their officers and representati'v'e committees. The County of Monmouth, "vhich ranks second in importance according to the strength of the Association and Brigade members within the Centres, has sustained this year two great losses by the death of the Commissioner, Colonel Sir Joseph A Bradney, C. 8., and the resignation of the Chairman, Sir Henry ;"1 ather-Jackson, Bart., C.B.E., and the following new appointments which have been approved hy the Sub-Prior, the Earl of Plymouth, on behalf of the Prior, H. R. H the Prince of Wales, will undou~tedly bring a welcome accession of interest and support into the Ambulance l\1ovement in Gwent : Capt. Samuel Trevor Beard, O. B. E., as Commissioner. Capl. Leonard Twiston Davies, D. L. as Assistant Com missioner. 1\1r. Richard Wilson Bartlett, F.S.A.A., as Chairman. Capt. Beard's appointment to so important an office is a fitting tribute to a life-time's devotion to the Order of St. John. He has given thirty-five years of uninterrupted service in the Brigade dating back to 1898 when he formed the Brynmawr Division. His splendid work forming classes and divisions called for promotion to Superintendent in 1902, and in 1906 he attained Corps rank, continuing as Superintendent of the South Wales Border Corps until his

advancement to StalT-Officer in 1922. In 1926 he was appointed Sub-Commis ioner, Ionmouthshire Centre, and in thi capacity he ha rendered im'aluabl en'ice in extending A sociatiol1 and Brigade acti\'ities and maintaining interest and enthu iasm among the per ol1ne1. In addition to his \\'ork within the l\lonmouth hire Centre, Cartain Beard has been Di trict Secretary for the South 'Vales Oi trict of the London, lidland and collish Railway Ambulance Centre for the past ix years, repre enting that 0111pan)' on the Ambulance Committee of the Priory. IIis ser\'ices were recognised in 1909 by admis ion to the Order as a Sen'ing- Brother, and in 1930 he \Va promoted to the g-rade of OAlcer, recei\'ing- his inignia at the hands of His 1\1ajesty the King at Buckingham Palace in 1931. On the occasion of the \'isit of the Prior, H. R. II. the Prince of \\ ales, he was presented with a Priory Vote of Thank. Captain T\\'i ton Da\'ie i a prominent figure in the public life in the County of :'.IOntllouth, of which he i a Deputy Lieutenant. He has identified him elf for Illan~ years with the work of the Brigade a Honorary VicePresident of the ?lIon mouth Diyision; and the prog-re s made by that unit, which i one of the strongest in \\'ale and maintains an ambulance car furni h d lw mean of his generosity, augurs \\'ell for the future of the 'entre under his influence as Assistant Commis ioner. The il11l11en e support rendered by Captain Davie to the work at :\10nmouth and as a member of the nlonlllouth hire Centre Comm'ittee, was recognised in 1932 by the award of a Vellum Vote of Thanks of the Order. The appointment fulfils a general desire on the part of all those connected with the Priory in lonmouth5hire, where there is unlimited scope for the s-cn'ices of one so well equipped to represeet the Order as a superior officer. In accepting the Chairmanship of the :'.lonlllouth,>hirc Centre, lr. \\,iI50n Bartlett I-enews a long- connection \\'ith its actlntles. He held office in the Kewrort (:\lon.) orps of the I3rigade in 1914 and in 1919 was Honorary ecretar} of the 1\10nmouthshire County and 1'\ewrort Boroug-h Centres. In l\lay, 1921, he became Sub-Commis ioner ; and in 1926 succeeded Dr. D. Rocyn Jones a Commi ionel for ?llonmouthshire, relinqui hing this olTice in 1930. :\Ir. Bartlett is a Commander ot the Order, has gi\en con iderable service as a member of Chapter (where he ofllciates a Assistant Director of Ceremonies), Council and. tanding Committees; and represents the Priory on certain Headquarter Sub-Commitlees of the Joint Council of the Order of St. John and British Red Cross Society, FIRST

Am INSTRUCTION FOR TIlE UNEilIPLOYED.

Very satisfactory results have followed the decision of the Ambulance Committee to ofCer financial a si tance in promoting the formation of First Aid and Home Tursing classes for unemployed men and women. . It has been readily appreciated by those interested 111 the Unemployed vVelfare Centres, which are becomin g general in the workless towns in the ~outh ~Vales coalfield , that no subject could be more appropnately lntroduced tha n one which provides knowledge of practical value and helps to foster a spirit of courage and self-sacrifice. Four such Centres have been set up in Cardiff, two being officiall y opened by the Earl uf Plymouth during the past month. l~ the Ely district, the unemployed undertook to build thei r own Centre, and in Ilis remarks Lord Plymouth was plea~ed as Sub-Prior of the Priory, to refer to the excellent services of members of the Cardiff City Division, one of whom was on duty voluntarily on each of the 211 days on which th e

FIRST

A I13ULANCE INSPECTION AT

\\,MLLY ' FELL.

A large gathering assembled at Cwmllynfell on Satur11Y, September 2nd, to witness the Annual In pection of the I'o ntardulais Corps by the Hon. ] ohn II. Bruce, who was ItendeJ by the i\S istant omll1is ioner for the Sub-District, ' Iajor \V. Owen E\'an,>, ;\1. B. E., Di\'1. upt. T. Jones, orps Ollie r G. II. Parmee and H. Suff, Sup1. Jonah Jones ,nd :'1 r. T. \\'illiams. The parade, which numbered 27-t, f1 rmed up at the railway station and, headed by the CWl1111ynfell ih er Band, marched to the Rugby Field. The. Commissioner for \\'ales in'>pected the ranks, commentlng on the mart appearance of the men and cadets ; and, after taking the alute, he r ferred to the progre s made . ince his Ilr t insrection of the Corps two )Ca rs pre\'iou~I)', \\'hieh n : Oected great credit on the .\ sistIlt COlllmi ioner and ofllcer, lIe pointed out that the I igade to which they belonged had g-ro\\'n fr0111 2,500 in j l J t to 10,17t) in 1932, Certificate,; and warrants \\'ere pre'>ented, and a \ ote of 11 Ink ' <Iccordcd tl) the I nspccting Oilicer b\ Councillor D, T . Jones; and I he oilirers and \ i itors \~ ere aft rwards l' nte rtained to tea at the hurch IIall. r

A Succe ssful Year in Wales. The lifteenth annual rep,)rt of the Priory for \\'ales, i lied by the Principal ccn:tary and ol1lmi ."ioner for \'a les, for the ),l'ar Lnding December 31st, 1932, ho\\' that th e )l'.lr unrkr n ?\ il' \\ h,lS hCLI1 (,me of increased acti\ it) in \\:!r~ department of tht: rder of . 1. John. In the :\"''''Ol iation department, thanks to the stimulus llf a grant fr0111 the Pilgrim Trust ll)r the e..,tablishment of Lade t Cnits, 2,lJS7 Juniors aLll' nded a course of instruction .1Il increase "f 1,252. .\l1other important feature \\'a th~ pW \.iding of tc:-..thnok ' free of charge and ecuring the r\ ICCS of honOlcH\' Iclturen. to the C nemplayed Trainin<y Ce ntre . -:-. he number of stUJCllls attending first aid and home nurs Ing cla ' s \Vas 1, t)H4 more than the pre\ ious year, the t lal number of certificate i ued for all cour es, which inc1 .l ue mining, marine hygi ne, tc, being 1S, 733, exclusive , the 2,644 preliminary c rtilicates. During the past len ~et rs this figure has risen from 5,-1-+6, \\ hich \\'a the total III mber for 1922. The I3rigade work also ho\\' considerable increa e, t" ' r.e being 10,179 all ranks, an increa e of over 900. Here, ~ a ln, the grant. of th Pilgrim Tru t towards the formatIOn and equipment of Cadet Di\ i ion have been a mean of il11ulating interet in the work. The membership of the lilitary Hospital Resen'e in('Iea~ed from 40+ to 41-+ de pite the discouraging effect of the :~ pens.ion of training. The quota in the Royal aval A'l xlltary SIck Bcrth Re erve wa in reased and nine n<J1l1CS W<;re t~ken from the waiting list. , Br~gade duties, divi. ional headquarter, and annual ll1S pectlOns havc their place in the report, all of which shows the enthusiasm displayed by the members. Competitions are also well to the fore mention beinO' made of the success of the Monmouth hi:e Constabulary tea m who were successtul in winning the" Pim " trophy. The amount of ambulance transport work carried out

A I D.

by the Priory's Service in 1932 again reached a hiRher total than in any previous year. The cars carried 8,070 cases, covering 166,446 miles. The Colliery Owners and Workmen's Lodges support to this service is steadily growing, there being 30 companies (covering 71 collieries and approximately 43,329) and 7 other companies (numbering about 1,480 men) sub cribing at the rate of one shilling per man per annum and 79 Colliery Lodges and other hodies of workmen with an aggregate membersbip of roughly 24,081 contributing at the rate of one penny per man per week. Increased artivities are also reported in all other branches of the Priory's work.

~o1ice J\mbulance :News. CITY OF LON DON POLICE RESERVE. The Annual Church Parade referred to in the September issue of FIRST AID has now become a past e\·ent. The ,,'eather on Sunday, eptember 2+th, managed at least to earn the grateful thanks of every man of the "Resen'e," inasmuch as it did ucceed in keeping fine until the parade \Va.s actually over, and e\'en until the Press photographer had completed his usual ta k of getting a group of the Lord ~Iaror's party. They had hardly had time to get into tea when rain came down with a vengeance. Our Chief :'11. 0., Captain A. C. White Knox, as usual, handed the first aid awards to the Lady ?lIayoress, who in turn per onally presented them to the succes ful candidates of the :'.larch Course, As Hon. Secretary, I had m)" customary Job of preparing the awards and pa sing them on to the 1.0. Unfortunately, on this occasion, our Hon. Assistant M.O" Captain F. E. Bendix, was unable to be present. Among-st the many \'isitars, whose names have become a hou~ehold " 'ord in matters of first aid, were Captain \\. Goodley, 1. C. (Commissioner, 1'\0. 1 District, S.].A. B.), and :\lr . Goodley, District Officer Green and '\1rs. Green, Dr. R. B. Duncan, and several others whose names for the moment ha\'e e caped me. On Thursday, October 12th, we began our Autumn Course of Lectures and Examinations. Captain Bendix is taking the lectures, and many of the old first aiders and tho e who passed this year intend to be pre ent, so that our lecturer is a ured of a great recep tion. '\'e hope that Dr. Bendix \\'ill sa\'e for his listeners some of his unlimited tock of real \,"it and humour. Many of our member are anxiou to know if further lectures fr01l1 Captain "'hite Knox on Gas Poisoning- and its F~r t ,\id Treatment are. to be forthcoming du;ing our wInter programme. As thIS seems at the present time to be a topic of unusual interest to e\'eryone, I must see what can be arranged with regard to these extension lectures. I should be glad to get in touch with any member of the :\letropolitan or Provincial Constabulary \\·1,0 are intere ted in fir t aid, with a "iew to meeting them in Team Competitions, as I feel sure something of this kind could ea ily be arrang-ed ; and I am 0 often a ked wby it is that so little is known of their activities in this direction. This Journal has 1 know a wide circulation among t the Metropolitan Special Constabulary Reserve, but little or nothing IS known through these columns as to their work in first aid and ambulance. 'Vh}'? CE IL

" rH E PLUMBER,

G. EMERY, Commander and Hon. Sec.

« JOURNAL OF HEATING, "

monthly) is THE paper for all progressive trades men -Publlshlo&, Office: -46 , Cannon Street E . C . .4 _ IS.

FIRST

'92

A I D.

Octobe r, 1933.

Razlway A IJzbztlance News. Great Western. Another satisfactory year of achievement is disclosed in the annual report of the G.\V.R. Ambulance Centre which covers the period July 1st, 1932 to June 30th, 1933. As was only to be anticipated in view of the continued restriction on the renuitmen' of ~taff, Sf)mc diminution in the number of new entrants to the classes took place, but interest in all phases of first-aid work was steadily maintained, and despite the exceptional conditions preyailing, some divisions actually shewed a gratifying increase in membership. The customary annual series of ambulance competitions was orgal11sed in the spring of the year, when 294 teams (representing approximately 1,470 men) contested possession of the various divisional trophies available for both adyanced and beginners' teams in each of the seventeen diyisions, and as usual valuable prizes in kind were awarded by the Directors. The final competition took place at Paddington on April 28th, when the Directors' Challenge Shield was won by the Cardiff, Newtown, team, and the Pontypool Road team, as runner-up, was awarded the Carvell Cup. These two teams represented the Company in the Inter-Railway Competition Final and Pontypool Road was successful in winning for the Company, for the first time, the much -coveted Inter-railway Challenge Shield. In the Welsh Inter-railway competition for the "Harry Webb" Cup, held at Cardiff, the challenge trophy was awarded to the ewport, Dock Street, team. umerous reports of valuable first aid treatment afforded by members of the G.W.R. staff, many of which related to accidents occurring outside railway premises, were received during the year. On the adjudication of the Company s Chief Medical Officer, the Directors awarded gold, silver and bronze medals and 16 special certificates to cases selected as the most meritorious. During the twelve months under review, no fewer than 139 gold medals for 15 years' first aid efficiency, 92 gold bars for 20 years' efficiency, 38 quarter century medals, and 9 bars for 30 years' efficiency, have been issued to members of the staff, making a total of 2,332 since their institution, as under:15 year gold medals 1,402 20 year gold bars 668 25 year medals 224 30 year bars 38 As a result of recommendations made by the G.W.R. Central Ambulance Committee, three members of the staff have been honoured by promotion in the Order of St. John of Jerusalem to the grade of Officer, while fifteen others have been admitted to the Order in the grade of Serving Brother, in recognition of exceptional services to the ambulance movement over a long period of years. The Vellum Vote of Thanks of the Order was awarded in four other cases. This valuable phase of railway welfare work owes much of its progress to the warm encouragement it receives from the Chairman , Lord Churchill (who is President of the Ambulance Centre), Directors and Officers of the Company, and to the keen and practical interest of the various secretaries and committeemen throughout the line, many of whom are veteran workers in the cause,

and to whom a high tribute of appreciation is accorded in the report. N umber of First Aid awards gained in exambination by members uf the G.W.R. starr from 1923 to 1933 inclusive :Total. ledallion. Label Year. Certificate. Vouchee 6,443 2,214 775 1,227 2,227 1923 6,7 5 2,742 1,03 1,289 1,716 1924 7,190 3,341 1,126 1,206 1,517 1925 6,530 3,670 65 SH6 1,049 1926 6,339 4,167 771 684 717 1927 7,426 4,467 725 660 1,574 192 7,083 4,95 05 851 1929-30* 1,069 /,027 -+,9 3 764 767 1930-31 1,113 7,616 5,5 '2 5 9 657 788 1931-32 7,107 5,56 565 492 482 1932-33 * Alteration of ambulance year to period frol11 July 1 to June 30th. BARRY DocKs.-The annual concert and distribution of awards organi ed in connection with the Barry Docks ambulance cIa s took place at the Railwaymcn's Institute, Barry, on September 30th) when upt. John on, Chief of Docks Police, pre ided, and \\ as supported by 1\1r. E. V. Swallow, Docks 1Ianager, 11r. "V. Jones, Divi ional Stores Superintendent, Captain Peterson, Dockmaster and 1\1r. G. H. Des, Divisional Ambulance ccrctary. The presentations, which included 69 class a\\'ard ~ and two gold medals for 15 years' fir t aid efficiency. were made by l\lr. Swallow. who made a strOller appcal for ncw recruits to the class. CARDIFF.-A combincd presentation of awards to members of the G.W.R. ambulance classe in Cardiff \Va held in the City Hall on September 21st, when the Lord Mayor of Cardiff, Alderman C. F. ~ anders, presided. Mr. F. G. Wainwright, Div. Supt., di trihutecl the award to members of the Cardiff General and Cardiff ewtown Traffic classes, Mr. C. T. H. Riche, Div. Loco. upt., to the Cardiff Queen Street class and the ladies' Home ursing class, Mr. W. Powell, Assistant District Good Manager, to the Cardiff Newtown, Goods and Ladies' first Aid classes, and Mr. W. Baines, Div. Loco. Supt., Newport, to the Canton Locomotive class. The award included two of the Company's gold medals for 15 years' efficiency, and two Quarter Century medals.

London, Midland and Scottish. BURTON-ON-TRENT.-The Barton L.M.S. Railway Ambulance men held their Annual Competition for the Heads of Departments Inter-department Challenge Cup at Horninglow Street on Sunday, October 1st. Eight teams from the various departments competed and the judges were Drs. F. C. V. Thompson and F. L. Pickett, and the following is the order in which the teams finished :-Goods Dept., 217 points; C. & W. Dept., 210; Loco. Dept.) Mid. Div., 208; Loco. Dept., Western Div., 197; Signal Dept., 196; Passenger Dept., 183; Engineers' Dept., 182; Control Dept., 179. The test took the form of an accident to a man who

FIRST

October, 1933.

fell from a scaffolding whilst repairing a station roof, receiving injuries Lo the head and left lcg-, accompanied by arterial hlccding. The cOIl(e t pron:cl vcry kccn and (he doctors rcmarked on the hig'h ",tanclarcl of cfficiency. Councillor \Vhetlol1 pre elltul (he 'up (0 the winners and thanks were expresscd to the doctors for the kind assistance. 1\1r. F. Edward (the [)resident of the Local L..:\LS. entre) \\ as upported hy ':\1r. :\lugg-lctol1 (Chici Controller, Burton), 1\1r. Leach (:tatlon .:\Iaster), Mr. Jordan (Engineer), 1\1 r. Harper (c. & \V. Dept.), :;\lr. Hill (Goods Dept.), Councillor G. II. Rider (Secretary oj the Burton Town Centre), and COllncillor \\'helton. 11r. T. C. \Vij 011 ( ecretary 1\0 . .) District L.:;\L. Rly.). carried Ollt the arrangements of the Competition. OLDTIA:\r.-On aturday, ' eptem ber 23rd, at th e lIotel, Oldham, the prcsentation of award" i nr the pa t year's \\ ork of the Oldham Ambulance clas took place. ~I r. B. 11illiI1 er toll, tat ion :;\1aster, Oldham \lump, pre idce! and \\ as supported by Alderman ' hannon. :'fayor Elect of Oldham. 11r. F. imp OIl , tation )'Iaster, Clegg ' treet, Dr. ]. C. Rowan, thc CIa s Lecturer, and .Mr . .:\1. Costcllo, Chairman of the Cbs::; Committec. :\1r. ;,\Iil11l1glo1l cxtended a hearty welcome I) the company pre cnl, and c pccially to Alclerman ,hannon and Dr. Ro\\ an. Dr. HCJ\\'an prescnted the " l\I()r~an 'I trophy to ':\1r. '. Rlacl for the hl t ,,"ark of the year, and remarked \\ Ith \\ hat pleasure he rlgarded the per cent. ucce ' o f the CIa · S. :'1 r. ,\. Creen wa ' runner-up for th e t rophy. :\lr. '() ' tcllo presented Dr. I~()\\all with a cut gla ya :c in appreciatIon ()i his ser\'iCl;s. and ::\1r. Anderson \\ <t . ~i\' L'n a tea sef\'ice in recognItion of his \\ork a ( l.t . Secrctan'. The e\'cni;lg llo cd with an cntertainmlnt. It i_' inllrc . tlI1~ to learn that whilst thi prc cntation wa s taki ng place, the Jl1embers \\ erL called out to rendcr ti rs t aid 111 conl1ectiol1 with a colliSIon in York hire treet betw een two ol1111ibu l· . There were c\'cral injuries lll\ oh ' cd. .~ hakespeare

ioo

London and North Eastern. NORTH-EASTERN AREA .

On cptcmber 14th the Jonk\\,enrll1outh class held their a nnunl smoking concert at the Three Crowns Hotel, Sunderland, when 1\Ir. Kent presided and gave a coruial we lcome to nil present. Ir. Thompson (Good Dept.) precnted Dr. Levy, the lecturer, with a handsome alabaster 'osp bowl ami thanked him, on behalf of the cIa s, for all his <ood ervice. Dr. Le\'y handed out the awards gained at the recent .· aminalion and congratulated them on their successful ;ession, and thanked them for their beautiful present, which he would treasure very much. He wished them further uccess in the competition field. Captain Geo. Jack$on, general secretary, and Mr. Geo. ~IurraYI district cha irman, also added their congratulations to the cIa s and gave some advice as to future needs. The West HartIepool, Hart lepool Loco and Hartlepool Staithes classes combined in a big Whist Dri\'e and Dance 'lt the Borough Ha ll , Hartlepool, on September 22nd, when 127 tables were occupi d at the former, and at least another 200 attended the dance. Amongst tl1l)se present were Major a nd Mrs. Ensor, who presented the prizes for whist, 1\1r. and Mrs. R . Tate, Mr. and Mrs. J . Wright, Dr. VV. K. and Mrs.

A I D.

Nicholson, Mr. and Mrs. ]. Willis, Captain Geo. Jackson, etc. A fe"l.ture of the occasion was the graceful display of the Company's pictorial posters on the platform, arranged by the committee, ~1r. A. E. Durham, the secretary, and his colleagues, who were heartily congratulated on the wonderfully successful issue of their efforts.

On September 27th the Heaton Loco class held their social in the Unitarian Church School, Newcastle, "'hen a whist drive and guessing competition formed the first part. At the interval, Mr. Foster presided, Dr. G. P. Harlam presented the awards and con~ratulated the class on their succes ful session. Capt. Geo. Jackson presented the Diploma of Serving Brother to 1\1r. A. \Vright, and spoke of his good ""ork for the Herlton class, the ewcastle District and the Centre, and was glad to know that that \"\'ork had been appreciated. 1\1 r. A. E. Armstrong thanked ~I r. \\! right for hi continued help to the Heaton class as La\' Instructor. Mr. \\'right responded. Mr. Geo. :\lurray p~esented the whist drive prizes. Dancing was then the order of the evening. On September 28th the York classes combined in a whi t dri\'e at the Co-Op. Hnll, York. At the inten'al :\1r. T. Hutchinson presided, and Captain Geo. Jackson pI eented 219 awards gained in the last ses ion, and hoped that the coming session ,,'ould be more fruitful. Mr. A. ,-\tkinson and :'I1r. R. S. Powell acted as 1. c.' , and light refreshments were sen'ed during the interval. On October 7th the Percy ;\lain class held their annual social in the East Howden Social Club, when the President of the ~Iub pre ided, supported by the '\Iayor of Tyneillouth, Councillor Scott, rllr. W. l\Iorley (Yardmaster), Capt. Geo. Jack on, ~1r. A. E. Arm trong, Mr. G. ,\lurra \', elc. The Ashington i\lal~ Voice Cboir rendered ome ex'cellent part song -, duet, etc., and at the inten'al Capt. Jackson presented the awards obtainf>d at the examination and a gold bar for 20 ).'ears to i\1r. T. Rae. He congratulated the class on Its c.ontlnued succ~ss. The ~la)'or (A.ld. Fitzhugh) al 0 added hls mead of pral e to the men for their excellent work in and around that district.

On October ith the \\'alkergate \\'orks Class held their annual dinner at the Countr Hotel, Newcastle, when ~lr. C. 0Iurray (\\ orks 0[anager) pre ided, upported by Dr. Stainthorpe, Mr . Stainthorpe, ~Irs. Murray, Mr. and Mr . J. \Vhillis, Mr. T. S. Haug-h (Class Secretary), ~Ir. E. Do~d (I nstructor), etc. After an excellent repast, some capl tal songs, etc., wcre rendered by friends of the class. DuriJlg the inter\'al 1\1rs. i\Iurray presented the awat'd to the succ:ssf.ul tudent, Dr. Stain thorpe presented his cup to the winning t~am, and Capt. Geo. Jack on pre ented ;\Ir. E. C. John on "With the 20 years gold bar, and wi hed the classes every su~cess in the future and hoped that many more "'ould qualJfy for the gold medal and bars. On October 11 th the Con ett Class held their annual social and dinner at the Railway Hotel when a goodly number sat down to an excellent repa t, o\'er which 1\11'. Curtis (Stationmaster) presided. After the loyal toa t, Capt. Geo. J ackson pre ented the lecturer, Dr. Macdonald with a case of cigarettes, and poke of the o-ood re ults ~f the cIa and wished them further succes~. Dr. l\Jrlcdonald replied . Ir. A. C. Armstrong pre ented the instructor (1\1r. Seymour) with a scarf, and I r. Geo. Murray presented the awards obtained recent exams. 1\lr. Cou"lthard (Cia s Secretary) propo cd the toast of the Visitors, to \Yh~ch

941r. Armstrong re ponded. produced the harmony.

FIRST An excellenL concert party

Ca es of meritorious first aid by railway employee5 are yery numerous and thc following report is ju tone more to add to the 1i t : "In the C. and \\'. idings, Lofthouse a goods guard was knocked down by a shunt of wagon and a number of the e pa ed OYer both his leg. A Grade 2 portcr 111'. \V. E. Gage, who was acting shunter at the time immediately took command of the ituation. He stoppcd the ,,-agons, ran to the tclephone 10 yards away, telephoned for assistance from the neare t ignal box hal£-amile away, sent the fireman off the engine for the neare t doctor, then crept under the \\"agons where the Good Guard was lying. There he untied his necktie, applied it as a tourniquet round one leg and a piece of string he had in his pocket round the other leg for another tourniquet, and thus arrested the bleeding. He stopped und er the wagons with the man until a sistance arrived, anel still stayed there until the \\"agon had been removed. The ambulance material and stretcher were at the station three-quarters of a mile away and when this arriv ed, 'with some more assistance the man \yas remoyed in an engin e and brake to \Vakeficld, Clayton Hospital, where th e man's legs were amputated, also a portion of his left hand." By his prompt action, }'Ir. Gage did much to savc the patient's life, \\"ho \"as eYentually di charged from hospital. To complete the story, a few days after he had r en dered first aid 111'. Gage was informed that he had obtained his first certificate.

The Royal Life Saving Society. CONTINUING our answerS to gllestions, as taken from the Bronze i\Iedallion standard of the Society's ex.amination, ,ye come to the Physiology of tbe Circulation, Respiration and Resuscitation. The answers to these questions are taken from the chapter of the Handbvok \'Yritten by Prof. Sir Ed ward Sharpey-Schafer, F. R. S., Head of the Physiological Department of Edinburgh University. Question 20.-Describe the heart-its position, shape, structure and working." Ans\ver.-The heart is a hollow muscular organ which acts as a pump to drive the blood through the blood vessels. It is formed of t\\'o halves, a right and a left, which do not communicate directly ""itb one another but are separated by a complete partition or septum, so that we speak of the right ~eart and of the left heart, always remembering that the two halves form a single organ and bpat simultaneously The muscle of which the walls of the heart are comprised is termed cardiac muscle. It differs from ordinary or voluntary muscle in contracting spontaneously and rhythmically about 72 times in a minute. The rate is increased by muscular exertion and in fever; and is slower during sleep. Each contraction, or systole, is succeeded by a passive dilatation, or diastole : the diastole is followed by a pause. The sequence, (1) systole, (2) diastole, (3) pause, is Imown as the cardiac cycle: it occupies eight-tenths of a second. Each half of the heart consists of two chambers-a thinwalled auricle and a thick-walled ventricle. Thus there are four chambers, a right and left auricle and a right and left ventricle. Each auricle communicates with its corresponding ventricle by a large opening, the auriculo-ventricular orifice. These orifices are guarded by valves com-

A I D.

O ctober, 1933.

po ed of three membranau nap in the right heart (tricuspid \'alve) and t\Yo in the left hemt (mitral valve). The valves allow the b lood to pa s easily from the auricle to the ventricle but prevent its return. The auricles are thin-walled becau e they have only to dri\'e the blood through the e large orifices into the \'entrides ; but the \-entricle \\'alls arc thick becau e they ha\'e to O\'ercome the pre ure of the blood in the arterie. A the pressure to b over(,ome by the left \'entricle is greater than that to be O\'erCl)me by the right \'entricle, the left \'entricle ha much the thicker wall. Question 21,-l\l ention the main blood-\'es els ('onnected \\'ith the heart and state their function. Ans\\'er.-Two large \'eins oren into the auricle. One of the e is the uperior \'ena CCl\'a ; thi bring \'enou blood to the heart from the upper part of the body (Lhe head, neck and arm) ; the other, the larger, in the inferior vena ca\'a; this bring venou blood from the 10\\ cr part of the body (trunk and lower lill1b~). The left auricle rccein~s the pulmonary veins; they bring oxyg nated or arterial blood to the heart from the lung. A single large artery lead ofr from each \ entricle. That from the right \'entricle is the pulmonary artpry ; this carries the venous blood to the lung-. That from the left vcntricle is the aorta; this carrie ' the arterial blood to all rart. of the system. The orific or the e two large nrteric are guarded by \'al\'es, nch of which i" forllled h) threc emilunar fold of membrane; they are term d the ~el1lilunar \·al\·es. Que tion 22. - \\'hat are the important dilTcrcncc,'s between arterial and venous blood? \\'hich artery contain venous blood? Ans\\'er.-In pa ing- through the lung- the \en()u~ blood, which is dark red or purpli h in colour, take up oxygen from the air and gi\'es off carbonic acid gas to it, becoming changed from dark red or rurrlish colour to the bright red or scarlet colour of arterial blood. 1n the ti~sucs of the body this arterial blood again becones \cnou , for it gives off ox.ygen to them and receive ' carbonic acid gas from them. The pulmonary artery, arising from the right \'entric1e and dividing to the right and left, ('arrie'> th~ imrure blood direct to the lung to be purified. Question 23. - Describe the circulatory S) stem from the heart \'ia the lungs back to the heart. '\'hat changes have occurred in the blood, and where did they occur? Ans\\-er.-The circulation is double, con i ting of the greater or systemic and the Ie er or pulmonary circulation. In the former the blood is pumped by the left ventrile into the aorta and conveyed by its branches, the y temic arteries, to every part of the body, to be returned, as venou blood, to the rig-ht auricle by the systemic \'eins, and to be driven by the right auricle into the corresponding \'entricle. This venous blood is pump d by the right vent.-icle into the pulmonary artery and distributed to the lungs, to be returned by the pulmonary veins to the I ft auricle, which drives it into the left ventricle again. In passing through the lungs the venous blood, which is dark red or purplish in colour, takes up oxygen from tbe air and gives off carbonic acid gas to it, becom ing changed fr0111 dard red or purplish colour to the brighl red or scarlet colour of arterial blood. l\o'fE.-The Central Executive of the Royal L ife Saving Society will a lways be pleased to arrange for a Lect urer to visit any U nit of the St. J ohn Am bulance Association, or any similar organisation to give Lectures and Demonstrat ions of the ir methods of Saving Life from Drowning and the application of the Schafer Method of Resusc itation. Fu ll pa r ticulars can be obtained from the Chief Secretary, 8, Bayleystreet, London, W. C. 1.

Octo be r, 1933.

FIRST

An Appreciation of Service. AT the second annual conference of the No . 4 (Lancash ire) D istrict, .J . A. B . , held at Liverpool on atu rday, eptem ber 30th, Assistant Com missioner F. E. de B . Pim was presented with a heautifu l silver cup and a solid silve r salver in a ppreciation of hi services to the D istrict. The CLIp hears the i nscri ption : "P resen ted to Assistant- omm is ioner F. E. de B. Pim,

A I D.

Brigade . " Dr. Pim returned the cup to the District for annual competition. A short time ago a committee was formed, with District Officer Dr. R . Clegg as chairman, to recognise the work of Dr. Pim. He can be described as one of the pioneers of the l\l ovement in that Area . For fifty years he has been associated with the Movement. In 1882 he was an instructor in bandaging in Dublin, and four years later he gave his first lectures in Barrow ford, becoming a life member of the S .J . A . A, in 1890. He obtained the Service l\ledal of the Order of St. John in 1903, and was made H on . Associate in the following year. He acted as District Treasu rer from 1902 to 1912, and as District Superintendent from 1912 to 1919, when he was made Assistant Commissioner. The honour of Knight of Grace of the Order was conferred upon him in 1921, and, in 19~1 after a re-arrangement of No . 4 District into Areas, he was m:lde Assistant Commissioner of :\0. 1 Area w ith control of nearly 2,000. To the police forces of the country Dr. Pim presented the" Pim " cup for annual competition, the final of which is held in London every year.

Reviews. PRACTICAL POINTS IN EYE SURGERY AND DRESSH\ G. By Hugh E. Jones, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

Price 2S. 6d. London: John Bale, Sons and Danielsson, Ltd.

Photograph 1~J')

(Tlze Hum/e.l l Express.

L. K.Q.C .P. (1), L .R. C . S . (1), Kn ight of the G race of th e Orde r of S t. J ohn, by a ll ra n ks of the Brigade in N o. 4 Di stri ct, in appreciation of 50 years' co ns pi cuo us serv ice to the Br igade, S eptem be r 30th, 1933 . " On the opposite s ide is an engraved pi cture of am b ulance m en at practice and the wo rds : "Donated by Dr. F . E . de B. Pim to the No . 4 (L ancas hi re) D istrict fo r an n ual competiti o n by sec tion s from Di visio n s o f the

Tbis littl~ book of 27 pages has been written chiefly for the benefit of young hou e surgeons and nur es commencing in the Eye Departments of Hospitals. I t is the result of practical experience and replete \yith explanations and suggestion , 'w hich will prove of immense \'alue for ambulance sisters of the S.J. A. B. and B. R. C. S . detailed for auxil iar)' sen'ice with eye case. The book opens with an introduction, and is then di\'ided into three main sections-C rgent Non-Traumatic; Injuries; and Operations. Tben, in an em'elope pasted to the back co\'er, there are three comprehensi\'e tables which summarise the chief points already dealt with in the three sections, and which increase considerably the useful character of thi practical aid to ervice in Eye Departments.

When you write to any of our Adve rtisers kindly mention FIRST AID . It dosen ' t cost you anyth ing and it pleases the Advertisers, and Us .

FIR S T

Mar vels of the Brain and Nervous Sy s tem. By D. A. R. AUFRANC, :U.R.C . . , L.R.C.F.(LO;-.,rD . ), L.D ..

, R.C.S.(ENG.).

THT nervous system is the most del icate and i ntricate part of the human body. It will help us in our study if we think of it as being composed of several parts, or minor systems. Thus we have the brain, the spinal cord, nerve cells, nerve fibres, and the sympathetic system of nerves. The brai n is the mass of nerve tissue occupying the cranial cavity. It is the largest collection of nerve matter in the body, and weighs in man about forty-nine or fifty ounces, and in woman about forty-four ounces. It is enclosed in membranes and well suppl ied with blood-vessels. The brain is composed of two parts-a chief portion, the major brain or cerebrum, and the cerebellum or little brain. Although this division is well marked, it is by no means complete, the two portions and the spinal coni being really one contin uous structu reo STR UCTU RE OF THE BRAIN.

\Vhen the mem branes are removed, the outer surface of the brain is seen to be grey in colour. This grey matter, however, does not extend far into the substance of the brain, the central portion being \Vh ite. Exam ined m icroscopicall y, the su bstance of the brain is found to consist of nerve cells and fibres. The grey portion comprises the cells, while the white matter is made up of fibres. Collections of nerve cells, o. grey matter, are termed gangl£a. The brain terminates in an elongated body, the medulla oblongata, at a large open ing, the foramen magnum, in the skull. It is continued into the body as the spinal cord. F UNCTlO~S OF THE BRAIN .

The brain is the great controller of the human mechanism. Its chief function is to co-ordinate all the organs and tissues of the body. It is the most complicated and highly developed organ, and is the seat of the mind. During health, it produces harmony, by means of the nerves, between all parts of the body. It controls and governs the heart, lungs, stomach, kidneys, and all actions, such as walking and tal kino-, actions which in time become almost automatic. The cerebell urn, or lesser brain, has something to do with this, and is especially concerned with preserving equilibrium. The typical, staggering gait of a drunken man is

A 10.

October,

laro-ely due to paralysis of alcohol .

19.3.3.

the cerebe llum by

The study of the brain is an absorbing one. It is wonderful to realise that our thought, our character, and all our actions in life originate in th tiny brain cells. These wonderful cell are of \Tarious forms. orne have the appearance of stars or mall pyramids. Others are spindle-shaped, while some are pear-shaped, wi th numerous branches. Ganglia, or groups of brain cells, are arranged in what are termed cen tres. These are collections of highly specialised cells, being re pon ' ible for definite functions o[ the body. For in~tance, ther are centres for pee..:h, vision, hearing, m II, and taste , and for th movements of the leg, arms, face, head, etc. Should the cell - in any of thes e centres be injured, the function f rwhich theyare responsible are naturall y impaired. Like all other organ, the brain requires oxygen, or in other worels hlood, in order to function. Thus if there is a call for a large amount of blood in another part of the body, a during thc Jige tion of a large meal, the brai n ci rcu lation i~ d f let d and we become dro\Vs\,. \Vllcn thcre i not sufficient blood for the brain to function, unc onsciousness supen'encs, as durincy a fainting attack. I n such a case, la yi ng a person do\\ n cau~ blood to flo\\' to the head and consciousness is rc tored.

T I IE

P I ~ ,\ LOR D.

The spinal cord is really a prol ngation of thl' brain into the body through the c)lumn formed 11) the verte bree. Li ke tbe brai nit is co,'crcd b\ membranes and is divided partially into t·,vo lat r;1 halves. All alono- its cour e the cord scnds off symmetri~al pairs of nerves to supply the body. The brain is, therefore, directly or indir ctl ), in com m u n ication wi th every part of the body , however remote, throu o- h a network of nerves, bot h large and small. \iVhen we speak of a nerve wc really includ e two separate parts, the nerve fibre and the nen'l cell. Impulses or messages originate in the cell s and are conveyed along the fibrcs just as telegraphi c messages are conveyed by wires. There are two ki nds of nerves, the sensor) nerves and the 1notor nerves . Sensory nerves sen e messages to the brai n . !Viotor nerves con vel impulses from the brain and are concerned with action. For instance, if one touches a hot objec t with the finger, a message of pain is at once sen t to the brain via the sensory nerves, the seat of th e injury being indicated at the same time. An im pu Ise is then sen t ou t from the brai n to the muscles of the affected part, causing them to contract, an d the finger is withdrawn. This all happens wit h such rapidity that we hard ly realise it, but the tim e is definite and can be measured byspecial appa ratus ,

October , _1:.::9:..=.3~.3~._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ F _I_R _ S_ T_ _A_ I _D_ o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9_7_ WTTAT

PAIN?

Pain is ature's danger signal. I t is her wa rning that something is wrong with that particu la r part of the body . I t is al ways well to seek the cause of pai nand attem pt to remove the ca~tse. If \\ e remove the rai n on Iy, it is I ike cuttl ng the ~ Iegraph wire and prcven ti ng furt?er signals omincy through. This fact should bring home to ,ve ry bone the folly of the indiscriminate use of Ir uCYs to overcomc pain . CARE OF TIrE NERVES.

By careful attention to the laws of health it ~s Jo t a difficult mattcr to avoid nerve troubles. It IS l.;c rtainly much easier to avoid than to cure them. Rest is absol utel y essen tial to keep the nerves le althy. Thc moment we encroach upon the .atural period of re t and leep we begin to sap e rve force and pa\'e the way [or trouble. Sleep lo ne cven OlaV not be sufficient. \Ve musl have .e laxation and' hange. Keepino- the brain, ~nd h rouCYh it the whole s),st m, in a constant tenSIOn xpend to much energy and runs the human a nenTdown. \\T orry entails the greatest exe nditure of en rgy of all forms of mental activity. \Te need p ri ds f rest and peace to manufacture ld tore lip ncw energy. Lack of self- on trol is another most i m portan t po int. nce th brain is allowcd to lose ontrol a-o rdination and harmony are 10 t and chaos f' io'n in the b dy. This soon brin o-s disease. . h~u anus of peo·ple are to-clay suffering from ) m plai nt \Vh ich ould be cu red by nothing. more t la ll a firm exercise of \vill power. The SImple 1ct of ha vi n CY hope and ometb i no-to live [or has H' cd many ba oul, not only from dis,ease, but fo m despair and an early gr~ ve. In. thiS respect I ~ lio-ion offus SOI11 lhing whIch nothIng else can . Ipply. Then there is al 0 the question of Injurious su bstance. The nervous system is very suslL ptible to l=-oisons . The regu far taki n~ ot .alcohol, t a coffee tobacco and even the tOXIns 111 Aeshto od s wea'kens and irritates the ncrve fibres and cells. In many ases. deposits and inflammatory c.l1ano-es occur in the sheaths of the fibres, producb illg neuritis. In other cases the cells become pl rtly paralysed or destroyed. All th,e abovena med poisons, therefore, should be aVO ided . Poisons from septic foc i, such as diseased teeth. gums, tonsi ls, and chroni<;: constipation, are ve ry deadly to the del icate nerve tissue, and should rece ive prompt attention . Other factors which react i nd i rec~ l y upon the ne rves are diet, exercise, fresh air, and in fact all the things which he lp to bui ld up sound he.J.1thy bodies. Attention to the above factors in the hygiene

of the nervous system will keep the nerves in good trim . In cases where these are already at fault, attention to the same points will prove the quickest and in fact the only way, whereby health and happiness may once more be regained. - Good

Health. ----. - .---

J\mbulance J'l ews euttings from the 3lress. T he Editor invites Readers to send newspaper cUltings on matter of general intere$;t for inclu$;inn in this colun·n .

A l\IINER'S RE:\JARKABLE REco\,ER\,.

After three months' treatment in the Man sfield (l\'otts) Hospital, a miner of Mansfield, has. made a remarkable reco\'e ry, his spine, skull, and legs ha:lOg- been fractured. The resident medical officer, hanng set the fra~LUres, placed the man in a plaster jac~et, rind :ncased ~oth I11S l,egs in plaste r. He is now able, '\\'I\h the ~Id of a stick, to "alk a mile to the hospital for out-patIent treatment.-The Obsen'I'r. CONSTABLE PRAISED FOR FIRST ..\10 \\'ORK,

John Mitch ell, 36, of Kettering, ,,,ho \\'. as ~nju:ed i~ a head-on motor-cycle collision recently, has died 10 ~ettenng Hospita l. He collided with a motor-cycle on \~' hlch Raymond and \Vinifred Burrows, a brot her and SIster, were riding, and \vas terribly injured. . . Doctors described as a wonderful piece of first aId the ,,"ork of Constable Head, \\'ho hurried to the scene. He sma hed up a \\'ooden box secured from a near-hy house, ~nd with a towel and an old hirt impro\' ised a courle of splInts in a remarkflbly hort time. ;\1r. a nd l\Jiss Burro,,' " 'ere not so seriously injured . - J.fo r71 z·llg A d'verh'sel'.

GIRL HIKER'S PLl; K.

Remarkable fortitude was disrlayed by Blanche Cartwright, aged 22, of Salford, Lanc<'l.shire, when she fell SO ~eet down a cliff in the \\Ti nnats Pas, near Ca tieton, Derby hire. Sbe ,\yas one of a party of six hikers out climbing, and " 'hen npar the top of a cliff she lip~ed and fell on to a narrow ledge, where she lar helpless \"Ith a fractured leg, Her companions were una?l.e .to help; and. Pt:~ Arthur Delaney, of the Hope V<'l.J1ey DIYlSlon (No. V DI tnet) of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, \,\'as called from Ca tIeton to rescue her. He clambered to wh e re she lay, and after treatment, carried her down the hill ide, with the aid of three bikers, on a stretcher made of stave, and sacks. A motorist then took her to Stockport Infirmary, where she was immediately operated on. . Pte. Ddancy told a Dai~J' At/ail reporter: < < I W<'l. ha\'lI1g tea when I heard the news and rode on the rillion of a motorcycle to the pass . I had to scrat:nble ~p the face of the c~iff to reach the girl. It wa a terrible Ight. The bone" as stickinO' out of her boot tor, but she \vas remarkably plucky and ne~er uttered a sOllnd ",hen I did what little I could to ea e her pain; the cramred attitude 1 had ,to adopt prevented me from doing a great deal. "-Dai~l' .lfad

Does your colleague read F I RS r AID , if not, send us his address and we will post him a copy.

9")

FIRST Blood Transfusion.

BLOOD transfusion as carried out to-day was made possible by the discovery of the circulation of the blood by \Villiam Harvey in 1628. In that year he published his theory and established as a scientific fact what had before been merely guesswork. Yet from the earl iest ages man has regarded blood as of vital importance to the human system. The sacrifice of animals-human in many ca'3esatmost certainly arose from the desire to offer to the god or gods this important possession. The sacrificial animal was always young and healthy, and it was believed that its blood was accordingly endowed with similar qualities. For this reason nothing could be deemed more likely to please the gods. That blood sacrifice prevailed extensively in the past \\"e know from references in the Old Testament, and classical authors, while it exists to-day among primitive people. During the Middle Ages blood-drinking was known. That of youths or young animals was used, and the underlying idea was that the blood would impart its qualities to the drinker. This was the point reached in 1628, for, though there were ideas before that date of taking blood from the veins of one person and transferring it to another, it is unlikely that such an event took place. For practical purposes blood transfusion may be said to date from that year. Despite the publication of Harvey's theory, the first authentic references to the practice do not occur until after the middle of the seventeenth century. The unsettled condition of England due to the Civil Wars and the Protectorate is probably the reason for the delay. In 1666 accounts were published of experiments in which blood was taken from the veins of one animal and injected into that of another. Sir Christopher Wren's fame as the builder of St. Paul's Cathedral has overshadowed another of his important achievements, for to him was due the credit of conceiving these experiments in transfusion. It is not generally known that Wren was a physician as well as an architect. It is pleasing to record that up to this time the pioneering work had been carried out in this country. News of Harvey's theory and Wren's experiments reached the Continent, and similar experiments were carried out in France . In 1667 Denys, physician to Louis XIV, performed the transfusion on a human being. He successfully transfused a boy and a old man, in each case us ing

A I D.

Octo ber, 1955.

October , 1953.

lam b's b lood. Later in the same year the first human transfusion was performed in England, sheep's blood being used. In his Diary, P pys records having seen an experiment on dogs in 1666, whilst in 1667 he met the first man to be transfused in England.

F or a brief period the operation was u ed fairly frequently, but shortly fell into disrepute, and was a lmost neglected for more than a century. Two cases militated against it. Firstly, pr judice on the part of the pu bl ic, who believed that t rri ble results, such as the growing of horns or hoofs, might accrue [rom using animal's blood . econdly, disasters occu rred th rough ignorance 011 the part of the doctors of substances present in blood which make it unsuitable in some cases. These fa ts we re not established until early in the pre ent century. In 1818 the publication of a work by Blundell, a physician of Guy's Hospi tal, revi \' din tere tin the subject in England. He was the first man to use human blood for the purpose . IIis results wtre not encouraging, but his work was another step towards the goal. The inherent tenden yof blood to lot was the chief mechanical difficult" to successful transfu ion. In 1835 defibrinated blood (that from which the albuminoid substance causing it to clot had been removed) was used. It continued to be employed until the beginning of the present century. The Continental workers did most of the work in the nineteenth century, after 181. The blood of other animals continued in use, and in 1873 the Obstetrical Society of London, as the r suI t of an inquiry as to the merits of transfusion, decided that it should be used only when the patient was z'Jl

extrem£s. Until the end of the century there was but little blood transfusion. Again the disasters due to the use of unsuitable blood played a part in its decline, and to this must be added the popularity of the then new method of injecting normal saline intra venousl y . \iVith the coming of the twentieth century the practice again came into prominence . The discove ry of agglutinins in the blood (1901); the detection of the four blood groups (1907) ; the prevention of coagu lation by the use of paraffined vessels (1911); all made for more scient ific and successful application of the ope ration. In 1914 sodium citrate was used to prevent coagulation-a simple, safe and efficient method. The first transfusion of citrated h u man blood was made in Buenos Aires in November 1914. Not until 1917 did the citrate method and its p ossibi lit ies beco me gene ra ll y k no w n to th e B ritish

FIRST

Army, when American surgeons were assisting o ur forces. The success of this method in the Great War definitely established the operation on a sound fo undation, and it has been used increasingly in ci vil practice subsequently. All big hospitals to-day have a list of per,>o ns (donors) who are ready to give their '1 lood at a moment's notice, by day or night. r he amount required is, roughly, one pint, 1.nd this can be pared by a healthy adult with' ut any ill-effect. The operation is painless ln d absolut Iy free from risk to the donor, who m ust be free from any disease communicable by the blood. In addition, blood must be suitable fo r the recipient. \"ith this end in view the T) roperties of the blood of all donors are tested )e forehancl, in order to avoid any possible mistake. \ 11 unsuitable kind might kill a recipient, and it \ as ignorance of thi fact that led to disasters in he past, \\ i th conseq u n t disuse of the operation. - \V, D. J. in the Copartnership Journal.

fetters

8ditor.

the

We a re in no way responsible for the opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondents.- EDITOR.

SPECIAL CONSTABLES AND FIRST AID. DE,\R SIR,-

Your correspondent writing under the above heading in tile September issue, is by no means the only member ,\' ith a grievance in asking why all member~ of the Special Constabulary are not compelled to be efficient in first aid. The answer is not too difficult to find. In view or the fact that the greater number of the officers obtain their rank immediately on joining this " service" by virtue of their being :\lr. "So and So" of " So and So," and not, as is the case of the men, by length of service and special merit, they cannot be expected to bother themselves with anything that requires application and a certain amount of stud\'. In short, in their case th~re is no compulsion to work up for promotion from the ranks as is the case with the officers of the St. John Ambulance Brigade (medical men excepted), and the lower ranks are consequently given little, if any, encouragement to become efficient in first aid. - Yours faithfully, , '.-\l\OTHER

Voluntary Aid Detachments. Th e undermention ed \'oluntan .\id D e tachments ha\'e

b(, ~11 reg i,>lereLi a t th e \\'ar OITi ce : '

E. ' ",ann), "t\o. 150 • 'n. HO E'>'>ex (Colllmandant :'IIi of Lond o n (Command a nt :\li . :'11. I rael), 1\0. 218 YOlk..,hirl'. W est Riding- (Commandant \lis ' .-\. J. Buckle), ' 0. 230 York..,hire, \\'e t Riding- (Co mmandant j\lr . E. i"'ole) . oq~ani..,ed b) th e Order of t. John of J c ru al e ll1; );0. t De\'on (Col1lmandant \lrs. \'. Bernard), 0:0. 232 Hamphire ( olllrnanuant l\lrs. L. L. Hare), TO. 61 urrey (Comnn ndant :\lajor R . H. Baily), organi ed by the British Red C'o S ocid\'. The underm e ntion d Voluntary .\id Dctachments ha\'e I cei\'ed official recognition by th e \\'ar OrTice under the ne\y t he mt: : ~o. 2 Buckingham s hire (Commandant :'IIrs . :;\1. I' ic hard), o. 4 aernan'on (Commandant Dr. (i\lr .) D. l l1 caster, :;\1. R.), TO. 4 Che hire ( om mandant i\liss P. \"o odcock), o. 4 DC\'on (Commandant l\Ii s V. B. Vi, ian), o. 34 Glamorgan (Commandant :;\Ii J. \Vat on), , 0. 11 Gloucester (Coml11amlant Dr. R. E. l\I. Fawcett, ~I. B . ), No. 2 Huntingdon (Commandant l\Iiss A. K. I trkinson), No. 44 omerset (Commandant l\Irs. E. \\T. Spackman), organi ed by the British Red Cros Society; an d ' 0. 16 Dumfries (ommandant Iiss A. Critchley), org-ani ed by the Briti h Red Cros ociety (Scottish Branch).

l' ou nl~

Tbe Poulton-le-FyldC' Division of the S.J. A. B . , held a \\ hist drive and dance on September 27th, nearly 200 people su pported the function. Tbe annual dinner of the Southall Division, S.J.A.B., is to be held on October 25th, at Fairlawn Hall, Southall. Dancing will follow up to 1 a.m.

When corresponding w ith advertisers menti on " FIRST AID."

A I D.

kindly

S. C."

ATIONAL ROAD PASSENGER TRA:-\SPORT AMBGLAl\'CE ASSOCIATION.

DEAR

IR , -

\Vith reference to the report of the ambulance competition held under the auspices of the abO\'e .-\ssociation, on August 20th, as publi hed in the September is ue of FIRST AID , perhaps a little more information may be welcomed by the readers of your journal \\'ho are employed by the yarious road passenger tran port undertakings. Tile competition was first held in 1930 when the Birmingham City Tram and Omnibus Di\'ision and the l\ottingham Corporation Passenger Transport Division competed. It wa then arran~ed that the competition should be an annual e\'ent, and in 1932 the \, e t Bromwich Corporation Transport Dept. entered the competition. During the present year an effort has been made to put the competition on a national basis, and fa\'ourable replies have been sent by the following municipal transport undertakings regarding being affiliated to the Association:Burt0n-upon-Trent, Cardiff, Coventry, Derby, Glasgow, Gloucester, Leeds, Ianchester, \ \'ol\'erhampton, also the Trent l\lotor Traction Co., Ltd. It is hoped that this competition will be held on the first Sunday in July for the year 1934, and will be staged at Birmingham. The affiliation fee is 2s. 6d. together with an cntrance fee of £1 per team, and a copy of the rules will gladly be sent to an)' Road Passenger Transport Undertaking interested, on application to lr. D. Hardy, 7, Clodeshall-road, Alum Rock, Birmingham, 'w ho is the Secretary of the Association. -Your faithfully, E. \-VORRALL. B'ham City Tramway & Omnibus Divi ion,

- - - . _. - - Nineteen candidates sat at the recent examination on Home Nursing of the Easington Colliery, S.J . A. B., and all were s u ccessful.

100

FIR S T

Pioneers of Medicine. EDWARD JENNER.

(Born !\Iay 17 th, 17 -I-Y-Died Jan uary 26th, 1823). " His true memorial is to be found on the arm of e\'ery baby born in England to-day, and in every clvilised country of the world."Irs. 1\1. E. 1. \Valker. EDWARD JE~, ER

was the son of a clergyman in Gloucestershire. He had constant opportunities for the study of nature, and as a boy he spent much of his time in making all sorts of collections . Blond and blue··eyed, he combided common sense and great pertinacity with extreme simplicity of character. He was not typical of the usua l C')I1ception of a brilliant genius; and what ultimately brought him fame and the gratitude of all man kind was, above all, his courageous and pertinacious devotion to a discovery which at first all the \vorld and most of his colleagues wanted to ignore . The lad was first apprenticed to a doctor near Bristol, and it was during this introduction to medicine that he obtained the first clue to his discovery. A country women who had sought the doctor's ad vice, remarked : "I can not take small-pox for I have had cow- pox." For many centuries and, indeed, long before the Christian era, attempts had been made from time to time to protect human beings froln small pox by inoculating them with a mild form of it. Lady .l\lary Wortley ~ontague, the wife of the British Ambassador to the Sublime Porte, had seen the benefits which were often derived from this dangerous practice, and she had her children artificially inoculated with small·pox. In spite of the obvious danger of this procedure, the dread of small-pox was such that men were ready to take the greatest risks. Now cow-pox is a disease which runs a com paratively mild course and causes little discomfort in human beings, whether they be milk-maids accidentally infected, o r other human beings intentionally inoculated w ith the virus of cow- pox. \i\Tith the idea of protective inocu lation against small - pox revolving in his mind, young Jenner went to London in 1770 to complete his studies at St. George's Hospital. He had the great fortune to live for two years in the house of the famous surgeon John Hunter as a resident pup il. The friendship thus established lasted a life-t ime . Hunter's was a giant'S intellect; his contributions to medical science cover a wide field, whe reas Jenner's one claim to fame rests with his work on small-pox. Yet J en ner has become a great international figu re, whi Ie Joh n Hunter is little known outside his own country and the medical profession.

A I D.

O ctobe r, 1933

J enner's first vacci nation was perfo r med on 1ay 14th, 1796. A m ilk-maid, arah Ne lm es, who had co n tracted cow-pox in the ustla l way, provided the matt=>r ial with which a country boy, J ames Phi pps, was vacci nated. It is pretty cerlain that neither arah Nelmes nor James Phipp had any idea at the time that they were making history! On J u IY 1 st of the same year J en I"!er exposed Phipps to in fection for small · pox and showed that he had become immune to it By 1798 he had vaccinated 23 persons, and his claims began to attract attention, not so much at home as abroad. On the continent and in America his tests were repeated on a large scale, and by 1 00 as many as 6,000 people had been va i nated. By 1802 the opposition to Jenner at home had broken down so completely that Parliament was petitioned for a grant of money to Jenner, who, instead of making a fortune out of hi discovery, had pent most of h is time on un rem u nerati ve research. Parliament voted him £30,000. J en ner's discovery is appl ied to-day th roughout the world. It is valued by the man in the street as well as by doctors and n urs s, largely because of the ed ucational propaganda cond ucted by health authorities working in many countries in close co-operation with the Red Cros. In, iam, for example, according to the report of the Siamese Red Cross Journal for January 1931, a performance entitled" God' Verdict" was given on tl . . c King's birthday, before an audience of 900, with the object of educating the public in the use of vacci nes and the work of the cien ti fie Section of the Siamese Red Cross. I n Greece, mem bers of the J u n ior Red Cross have he Iped the s~hool medical officer in vaccinating again t mallpox. The last few years of J en ner's Iife were spent more or less in reti remen LIn 1820, he was seized with a fit of apoplexy . A second fit in 1823 proved fataL He I ies buried in his native vi Ilaae in Gloucestershire, in the quiet country surroundings which did so much to form his character during the most impressionable years of his life. - - - . _. - - Sir Roland Whitehead, K. c., president of the Wallingford Division, presented the awards gained by members a t the recent re-examination.

On Sunday, September 17th, Lieut.-Co l. F. A. Brooks , M. D., inspected nver two hundred and fifty officers and men of the Mid-Bucks Divisions of the S. J . A. B.

The following are the dates of forlhcoming competitions of the Eastern Area No.1 Distr ict, S. J .A.B. :- " Statham " Trophy at West Ham Lane; the East Ham and I nter-Di str ict Challenge Shield for Ambulance Divis ions, Saturday, Nov. 11th, East Ham; "Ed ith Ward" Challenge Shield for Nursing Divisions, Saturday, Nov . 25th, East Ham . Members of the Brigade and friends are cordiall y invitee!.

FIR S T

October, 193 3.

101

A I D.

Our Nurses' Pages. COMPILED

AMBULANCE

1 O. 1 DISTRICT, S .J.A. B. - No. 39 (TE~![>LE) NURSING ()l nSION is holuing a dance in aid of Di\'i ional funds on Sat urda\', October 28th, at the \Vestminst r Cathedral Hall, :\m bro d e n .\\'cnue, Victoria, S. Tickets, price 2 . 6d. ('ac h in c lusive of rdreshment , can he obtained from Lady Di \. upl. Irs. Walton, 10, andwell Cre cent, \Ve t JIa l11p t nd, :'\.\\'., or any member of the Di\ision.

;\0. 64- ( En ling-) ;\ursing Di\'ision. - ;\ course of leclIIres fo r \\' OJ11l!n, in first aid, is being- gi\(.' n hy this Di\'i ion n Tu esda) e vening-s at 7. 30 p.m . , at th e Technical In titute, \\'a rwi ck-road, Ealing, whi c h cOlllmen c ed em October 3rd. It is Iwpl.'u that it will be possible to organi e a similar o urse of in::.tru ction for tho e \\'h o li\ at Greenford. As on as till! nI' C L'~San' accol1111uation for the class can be cl ureu, parti c ulars w-ill be announ ced.

: \ L). 73 ( '->IIORJm J'J'c II ) :'\L' r~ I:\l; DI\·1510:-l. .\ course of Ie t une's in IWlll e nur...,ing', for \\'omen, 11a been arranged, ,nd will COll1ll1l!n CL' on Thursda:, ~ll\(,J11bl!r 2nd , at 8 p. m. T he lecturer \\ill be Dr. Rl) ,:\I.R . C. ., L.R.C.P . , andthe c1a s..,e s will hl! Iwld at the Di\ isi lHlal IIeadquarters, All .' li nb' ' ll lOO!s, Li\·l'rml.'rc- ro,ld, IIaggerston, 1..... 8. Fee for th e el) UrSl', in c luding the examination for the S.J.A.A le rt ificatl' is 3s. ou. For furth e r pilrli c ulars or for enralIlle nt , plca'>L' apply to Lady Di\·. .'upt. )1 is..., Cotton, 15, Park \ H'Il UC , '\'o nd C;rce n, ;\.2 2.

OL' TIf~. H:-I R \11 .\\' .\' CORI'S ( ol'TIfER:-\). - In connection ,\ til till' !:>l'conu annual ambulgall1ia held on Saturday, :crte lllhe r 16th, Lad~ Di\'. upt. :'\Ii s Pearcc and the members nf ;\0. 6q 1'\ur...,int; Division organi ed a Baby Sho\\', tl ,i r firs t elTon in this direction. Di\·. urg-eon T. ;\leyri c k a c ted as judge, and ga\'c ea ch of the 50 bah) entrants a thorough examination. Th e lir...,t pri/cs in eac h section wcre awarded as under: B e t t wins - Jean and Ronald l\Il'llor. Best naturall\· f d baby \\'illiam Bray. Be t Ne tie fed baby-Gordon Ln g- ford. L'nder 3 months, josephine ~lox\\'orlhy ; under G 'lont11s, l\larian Ha\\'kin , ; under 9 months, Pamela Ewen; u dc r 12 month, Peter Yewlett ; under 18 months, Joan S lrgeant ; under 2 ycars, David Hanney; under 3 years, I l re k Steadman. Practically all the prize for the Baby Show were pure! ased or made by member of the Tursing Division, who are now bu y preparing for next year.

O. 2 DISTRICT, .j.. B. - GOSPORT AND AL\'ERsTOKE ~ RSING DI\' rslON. - Lec tures in Home Nul' ing are being go ve n during the winter session at the Nicholson Hall, Goc; port, commencing October 17th, at 6.30 p.m. All who are interested are invited to apply for further particulars to the Class Secretary, Mrs. Warren, 22, 10reland-road, G )s port. The" Sunshine Kiddies" gave an excellent concert at the Cros way Hut, Gosport, in aid of the fund of the i'urs ing Division. The ha11 was packed to its utmost capacity, and all who atte nded thoroughly enjoyed the programme. .\ hearty vote of thanks to the promoters of the concert

SISTER.

was prop:Jsed by L. C. Old, Esq., and seconded by Lady Divl. Supt. Mrs. Warren. WOOLSTON URSII\'"C Dr\"[slol\'". -- This Division has recently sustaincd a great loss by the death of one of its members, Nurse Jurd, who died last month at the age of 79. Coming to England from South Africa about 60 years ago, Nurse Jurd li\'ed for se\'eral years in Yorkshire and then moved to Itchen Ferry, where she spent fifty years of her life-fifty years given to nursing and assisting the suffering and the poor. Always willing to nurse the sick, al ways ready to open her purse to aid those without money, although she herself was very poor towards the latter end of her life. Such was Nurse ]urd , to whom men and women of the St. john Ambulance Brigade and many others paid a tribute of respect and thanks for her wonderful life of selfsacrifice at a service held at Pear Tree Church on September 10th. 'Vhile she lived, . he gave of herself to others; when she died, her body was gi\'en to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. BOROUGH 01;0' ALDERSllOT. -The St. ] ohn Ambulance Brigade has only been represented in the borough by a men's Division up to the present, and it is now llOped that sufficient ladies will come forward to form a ~ ursing Division. cveral have already promised to train in order to gain the neces.=;ary certificate to enable them to join the Brigade, but more are needed if the \'enture is going to pro\'e a success. A mee[ing was held on October 5th at the headquarters of the Ambulance Division, and it is hoped that one of the local doctors will be sufficiently interested to come forward and give the two courses of 'lectures required before the prospective members can be formed into a Di\'ision. Any lady \\'ho is willing to take up the good work performed by women m embers of the Brigade is asked to apply to l\mbulance Officer E. Crompton at the Headquarters of the Ambulance Di\'i ion situated in the Grove. There are some 13,167 women in the Britith Isles, all members of the Brigade, doing excellent work among the iek in hospitals, in poor homes, at public fun ction and anywhere where their help is needed. There must be a number of women in Aldershot who would be eager to join this band of willing, voluntary workers if only their atten tion was called to the movement. ~O. 3 DrsTRI ' T, S.j.A.B., \VELLlNGBOROUGlI NL'R INC DIVISIONS.-The two Nursing Divisions in \\ ellingborough, being in need of funds, decided to hold 1 combined flag day th is year on Saturday, September 9th. This is the first effort of the l.;:ind they have made, but in "iew of the splendid ucce of the Victoria Di\'ision in this year winning the " Perrott" shield, it was considered that by means of a flag day the attent ion of the public might the more easily be called to the efficiency of the Nursing Di\'i<;ions in their midst, and to their urgent need of financial support to enable the membcrs to carryon their good work. Ambulance Si ters of both Divisions and numerous helpers were b1lsy througllout the day selling the Brigade emblems, while Lady Corps Supt. ;\Iiss mith, Lady Di\,. Supt. I iss Page and Lady Ambulance Officer ) l iss Bland (Headquarters Nursing Divis ion), and Lady Div. Supt. Mrs. Campbell and Lad y Ambulance Officer 1\l i s R owlatt

102

FIR S T

A I D.

Oc tober, 19.3.3.

(Victoria Nur ing Di\'ision) were in charge, and directed the operations from a tRIl on the l\larket- quare, where the " Perrott)) hield and other trophies won by tile Victoria T ursing Di\'i ion were di played,

thorpe. Fir t bar to their meda ls wer presented to Lady ,\ Illbu lancc Officer S, E. Arnold and ;\ mbu lance ister R. 1. \\'alkerdine. A bar to her medal has a l ~o been awarded to Lady Divisional Supt. l is utherland.

No, -} DISTRICT, S,J ,A, B, CHADDERTO:-.l Nl'RSING DJ\'ISIO:-:, -A short exhibition of practical first aid and home nursing was gi\"en by the members on Tuesday, eptember 12th, prior to a presentation of certificates gained by candidates at a recent examination held in home nursing, Supt. G, Castleton of the Ambulance Di\'ision welcomed Councillor Denham, Chairman of (he Chadderton District Council, who had kindly consented to present the a\\'ards, Councillor Denham said that those \\,ho took part in the work of the Brigade must feel that they were doing something worth \\'hile, He urged the members present to carryon and (Q gi\'e of their be t, with the knowledge that he and his colleagues would give them every assistance "'hen called upon to do so, He wa very pleased to bear that the ne\\' Nursing Division ,,'as progressing favourably, and be wished them all e\'ery success. Councillor Denlnm then presented the Home I ursing certificates. A vote of thanks to the Chairman of the Council ,,'as proposed by District Officer Dr. Poston, " ' ho said it '.\'as very gratifying to learn that the ambulance movement had earned the support of the District Council. This was indeed a great asset, and encouraging also, to know that they could a\'ail themsel\'es of such generous support. Ambulance Sister Palmer, who seconded the yote of thanks, said that it was uphill \\'ork starting a ne\v division, but they were all encouraged in their efforts by the help gi\'en them by the District Council. She appealed for more members, and for the co-operation of all, 'whether mcmbers of the Brigade or not.

DlsTRI T, .,J .. \ , B. LJNDElnA [) TURS INC DJ\'! ION. - ~lembers of this Di"ision are very delighted that on No\'(' mber 17th, thcir Lady Di\'isional Supt., :\lrs. J, F. \Vaddell, will attend the investiture to be held at St. John' Gate. London, and receive the insignia of a erving ister of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of t. John in Jerusalem, Mrs, \ \ Taddell has _ pent many year in the Brigade, She joined the Sunderland Nur ing Di\,i ion when it was formed in 190 , and durin~ the war did \'aluable work, being mentioned in despatches. Many sick per on in Sunderland ha\'c r asol1 to thank this lady for comforts that they ha\'e been able to enjo) during- illne s owing to the existence of the :'Iledic;:!1 ,omfor(5' Depot which he organi ed at the .\mbulance Hall In :'I l ol1kstreet. Since 1919, l\lrs. \Vaddell has en'ed a a member of the Sunderland Centre of the St. John Ambulance A . ociation. About ber \\'ork in the Brigade, :'I I r . \Vaddell i \'ery modest. he say that he o\\'es the honour to be conferred upon her to the -member of her Di"ision \\'ho h;1\'e pro\ ed themseh'es such loyal and keen surrorters, and to \\'hom . hl is full of <Yratitude'- Be that a it may, fact "reak for thClllsel\'es, a~d the honour has been well earned by the lad~ herself.

SABDEK ARD PADIHA:\I NURSING DI\'ISIONS. - On Saturday afternoon, September 2nd, members of this Division \' isited the Burnley Victoria Hospital. They were shown round the building by the matron and Mr. Bailey, a member of the Hospital Committee, the visit proving most interesting and helpful.

\YATERLOO NURSING DI\·ISIOK.-~Iembers of this Division formed a guan.l of honour at Christ Church last month, wben Dr. ~lary Gladys Trant 'Williams, daugbter of Dr. and Mrs. \V. C. Williams, was married to Ir. FrRncis Frederick Carew.

No.5 DISTRICT, S,J,A. B.--DERBY NURSING DIVISION,Assistant Commissioner Chambers carried out an inspection of this Di\'ision on September 30th at Divisional Headquarters, when 40 members paraded under Lady Ambulance Officer Miss Arnold, Unfortunately, owing to illness, Lady Divl. Supt. i\Irs, Sutherland was prevented from taking command. The Assistant Commissioner was accompanied by Miss Ashcroft, Lady District Officer of the Southern Area of Yorkshire, and County Surgeon Turton. Demonstratio'ls of practical work in bandaging and bed-making were given. Assistant Commissioner Chambers said how pleased he was to make this his first inspection ef the Division since the joinin<Y of the two districts of Derbyshire. He thanked all the m~mbers for their services, especially in connection with the Royal Show at Derby. Service medals for 15 yea rs' efficient service were presented to Ambulance Sisters S. Bown, E. Burgess, R . M. Bryden, M. Ellis, A, Iliff, M. A. Hawley, and M . Spring-

[

I tems (Dhisional news and competitions, social, interesting duties, lectures, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance S~ter, c/o T he Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon Sr., London, E,C.4

Simplified Home Nursing Couplets.

TilE BOD\,.

HeRd Trunk and Limbs, combine the three, The Human Body before you e. The Skeleton or bony frame\\'ork, To soft parts affords support, The vital org-ans hel ps protect Attach men t for the m u c1es get; Muscles make a great improvement, Supply the human form with movement.

A I D.

A S

DEPENDABLE

103

A N

A U S T

Proved Dependability for the stnal1er Hospital tn this

AMBULANCE INVESTMENT The A ustin Sixteen Ambulan ce allow s the moderate-size d h ospital or nursing-hom e to economise on an am b u lan ce in the only safe way possible: on ize and h o r e-po,ver, but not on d ep e ndability or las ti n g service. Its design, like th at of the larg er Austin ambulance , is ba ed on the d etailed n eed s of actual hospitals. T h e bod y is p a nell ed in aluminium and lined w ith t hree-ply woo d. The smoothrunning engi ne a nd pecial springs prov ide the maximu m of comfo rt for the patient.

These and other features, such as the fitting of tinted Triplex glass in the rear compartment w indow s, make the Sixteen a large-hospital ambulance in all but size. But-most important of all- the lasting dependability which is the keynote of the Austin reputation renders the breakdown of an Austi n Sixteen Ambulance practically impossible. That is w h y it is doing official duty the w orld over. Write for the illustrated Austin Ambulance Catalogue, containing full details of all models, any of w hich can be fitted to suit special requirements.

THE AUSTIN SI XT EEN H.P. ST AN D A RD SJ X CYLINDE R AMB U L ANCE (as illu trate d) - - £462 lOs. (Chas is, £226). 12 h.p. stalldard IOllr-cylilldl'r Amblt/lIllce, £-l26 lOs. (Chassis, £190,) 20 h.p, standard _1mblllaJlCl', £710. (Chassis, £ 385.) Pri/'ate aloon 20 h.p. six-cy linder 4mbulallce 011 special low loadillg chassis, £785. (Chassis, £385.)

* STR UCTURE AND FUKCTIOl\

FIR S T

Octobe r, 1933.

The in t erior of the 16 h.p. A m bulallce mpplied 10 the \rest KeJlt Jo illt Hospital Board. ote the 11/10 sillg le tretcher ca rriers, Slarl ill's type. Sorbo' beds, polished a Ilimillilll1l belOlP waist line, alld hot wa ter 'tea t illg.

Cerebro Spinal Cam'fr, \Vithin the Cranium you will see The Cerebro Spinal Cavity, Continuous through opening, in base of skull, Joined by Spin;;.l Cord in Spinal Canal.

71ze Thoracic Cavity. The Thoracic Cavity in upper third of the Trun k, Is bounded at the back, s ides, Rnu front, By 12 Thoracic Vertebrre ; then come Ribs, Rib Cartilages, Breast Bone (Sternum). Above by the muscles at the root of the neck, Below by the Diaphragm held in check. Lung-s, Heart, great blood vessels, Windripe (T rachea) closely nestle; Gullet (CEsophagus) of the t h oracic du ct, Nerves and ne rve tissue (Ganglia). -A/S KN IGHT, Nottll1.

AUSTI N GENERAL SPEC IFICATION of Sixteen Standard A mbulance. Wheelbase: 9ft. 4 ill. 10-gallOtI petrol tatlk. Semi-elliptic and zincinterleaved sp rillg illg , Sileilibloc 1l01l-lubricated shackles.

Hydraulic shock absorbers frollt atld rear.

Triplex glass throug hout.

i HE AUSTIN MOTOR COMPANY LTD., BIRMINGHAM. SHOWROOMS: 479-483 OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.1.

104

euet'ies and J\nswet's eot't'espondents.

F IRST

~ u eries wi ll be dealt with unde r the following rules:1. -Letters

containing Queries must be marked on the top left band corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon- st reet , London, E. C. 4· 2.-All Que ries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cu from the current issue ot the Jou rn al, or, in case of Queries from abroad , from a recent issue . 3.-T he Te xtbook, to which refeJer:ce m~y Le ll"ade in th is colt-J1 n is the 38th (1 928) E dition of S.J.A.A . Manual of First Aid.

THA:-:h:S TO TIlE Do TOR. On behalf of our reader and our eh-e \\'e a gain tender to Dr. Corbet Fletcher our sincerest thanks for his untirin~ effort-s as Honorary Medical Correspondent to FIRST AID who with this issue completes his eighteenth year of "olul1tary, ungrudging and ready sen'ice to this J ourna!. During this lengthy period, the Doctor has imparted an enormous amount of ilwaluable information to first aiders by his aulhoritati,-e ans,,-ers to queries which now number well oyer two thousand. The time occupied in answering these queries can \yell be imagined; but to him it is time well spent, if by his answers, he has helped some first aider to understand the subject more fully.-EDIToR. EXAMl 'ATION HOWLER. E. R. (Camberly).-In a recent examination a candidate- a big hefty engine driver- "'as asl{E,d \\'hat he would do if he found a young lady on the floor \yith her clothing all ablaze . \Vithout any hesitation, he replied-" I would find a blanket or piece of sacking, t Izrow l't Oller her and jump on it." Good! Text, please! !-N. CORBET FLETCHER. EPILEPSY OR INFAKTlLE COl'\\'(JLSIONS. W. \V. (CamberwelI). - I find it very diffict:lt to distinguish between Epilepsy and Infantile Convulsions. The signs and symptoms are very similar j but the treatment is very different In Epilepsy I understood that the patient usually falls to the ground, sometimes with a scream; but in my experience this is seldom the case. Furthermore, I have had cases in which blueness of the face - a sign of Infantile Convulsions- was very marked. I now learn from a lady doctor that Epileptic Fits invariably take place whilst patient is in bed; and I shall be interested to know if this statement is su pported by the experience of other medical practitioners. Furthermore, I shall be very glad to know if there are any definite signs or symptoms by which we may differentiate between these two very similar conditions. Meanwhile, I thank you in advance for }our reply to my problem. Epilepsy and I nfantile Convulsions are both evidences ~onditions which from lack of more intimate knowledge of tlJei r causation are often called cc Brain Storms," the former usually commencing in early adult life, the latter in infancy. As you say, the signs and symptoms are "ery similar, occurring in three more or less definite stages-(1) loss of consciousness, followed by (2) convulsions, and passing to (3) automatism or subconsciousness, in which state the patient may speak and act and yet be unaware of what he is saying or doing. You are wrong, however, v,,-hen you say that treatment

Al D .

l ctobe r, 1933.

is different, because with each condition the main object of flrst aid is to protect patient from self-injury. It is true, howe"er, that the infant in convulsions is placed in a warm bath, which \vould be a dangerous and dilTicult proposition with a young adult in con\'ulsion ; hul, in Ill)' experience, this treatment is only of service when lhe cause of th · 1nfantile Fit is the udden onset of high feyer. Epilepsy occurs in mild and in e,'ere forms-P tit 18 and Grand Mal. In the former, sudden, complet an 1 transient los of con ciou ne s i the on I) ymptom; in th e latter, the patient passes lhrough the three stages alread \' described . The cry and the blueness of face (a sign of parti .. ! asphyxia) are the result of lhe udden onset and the con linuance of the spa 111 of the che t mu. cle ; and both ma~ he mon' or less accurately imitated by lhe voluntary contral tion of the e mu cle . The pressing danger of Epilep -y i the" udden an d complete loss of consciousl1t's ," which exposes the patient t innumerable risks. As this may come on at any mom en the patient may be eized, while tanding up or while l} in down. Consequently there i no such thing a "innlriabl} . or " usually." The hi tory of lhe ca e and the age ot th patient afrord the best means of dirferentiaLion between tlw two conditions. - N. C. F. SnlPTOM

OPIl';\1 POI ONIK(;.

H. \V. ( willton). - Black's J/L'{hwl D/divl/wy gi, es <1mOI1 r the symptoms of Opium Poisonin~ "slow, qui Lan d shallow brealhing" whereas the Tcxtbl)ok lHl p. 17 ' states that breathing "become graduall) deep an I stertorous." Please tell me ho\\' the e t\\'o statemen can be reconciled.

The solution of your problem depends on tllC stage the poisoning. i\S you kno\\', Opium Poi oning sho\\ three stage. . In the fir l (or sleep) stage the breathin l' may well be "slow, quiet and shallow" ; but in the thi r-l (or coma) stage it is alway s " deep and tcrlorous."- N.C.r . TREADlhNT OF OP1t;1I1 POISONIl'\l,. H. \Y. (Swinton).-Black's .lledical Didi()nar)' rccommends the administration of spirils in Opium Poi onin i., 'whereas ProbllllJ /77 Firsl .Ud (p. 82) exprc sly forbit . alcohol in such cases, though it allows alcohol for oth L cases of poisoning. Plea c tell me if there is any goo I reason for this. I regret I cannot uggest any rea on for this dirrerenc . I note, however, that the author of the article in the .lIedi, 1 Dldionar..J' slates that patient will either be dead or on tl road to recovery" twelve hours after taking the poison ., I assume, thereforc, that it is on the e grounds that he recommends administration of spirits. - T.C. F.

ACTION OF OFFlCER IN CIIARGE OF TE,\i\1. 1\1. A. (\Valton-on- aze). - If an accident occurs when \\' ~ are out on public duty and if lhe ambulance sisters rcport that they find swelling, irregularity and d efo rmit), they 'would automatically ask me as their officer to co r' firm their susp icions of the presence of a fracture. I ' , however, the same thing happened in a competition, wou ld the officer he penalised for handl in g the patient ? Your advice w il l be much appreciated . The answer to your query depends on the co nditio ns which control the competition and, as you kno\\', to a certain extent on the judge and his (or her) interpretation of tht' said conditions . To-day, stretcher competitions u s ua ll y include tests for the officer-in-charge and for the team; a nd theoretically at least the officer should do noth in g wh ich ca n be done by the others and should reserve for act ua l emergencies any active interference or h and ling of t he patient. N.C.F.

FIR S T

October, 1933.

ESTAB LISHED

A In.

H. K. LEWIS " CO. Ltd.,

1876

MEDICAL PUBLISHERS AND BOOKSELLERS.

WOODALL NICHOLSON LTD.

Large Stock of Books on FIRST AID, NURSING, and all Branches of Medicine and Allied Sciences.

(APPO I 1\TTED ROLLS RO YCE AGENT S) Text Books and all the late t works obtainable without delay.

AMBULANCE BUILDERS

ANATOMICAL MODELS, DIAGRAMS and W ALL CHARTS suitable for Lecturfs.

RE,CO N DIT IO NE D SECO N D, HA N D R 0 L L 5 ' R OY C E, A U STI N 5, ARM ST R O N G, SI D DE LE Y S and DAIMLE R CHASSIS ALW A YS IN STOCK

LANTERN SLIDES. WARWICK & TUNSTALL ' ~ FIRST AID SERIES (in Stock). Particulars of the above or of COLLIE & WIGHTMAN ' S SERIES forwarded on application.

HORTON STREET HALIFAX ' PHONES

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

LONDON:

H. K. LEWIS & Co. Ltd 0, 136, COWER ST., W.C.l.

4231-L

Telephone- IusEuM 7756 (3 lines) .

(0 a ~ te ~ S I INVALID

hatever the Ch ssi se Carters' mb ance Fittings.

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

FUR.NITUR.E

Sectional Ca talog ue 7A, whic h is free for the asking, des cri bes th is Pat en t S tre tc her Eleva tin g Gear, wh Ic h is a tr iu mph in co m pac tness and SCient ific design,and tbe whole r a nge of Ambulance Furn iture and F ittIngs. By Appo in tmen t.

WRITE FOR IT.

T he most up - tO-date and scientific_in the wo rt •

THE NEW "PORTLAND" GEAR (Pat. No. 3go963).

T h.is new patent Am bula nce Gear offers ma ny u nique adva ntages whethe r the A mbu lan ce is . : arrying two stretcher cases o r on ly a s ino-Ie case. A self-co n tai ned u ni t, it can be pl aced i~ a lm ost a ny veh icle, and it makes t he loadin o- of e ith e r top o r botto m the s implest poss ibl e m a~ter. f he ' , PORT L AN D " Gea r s hou ld be s pecified for a n y n ew A m bula nce a nd it 125, 127, 129, Great Portland Street, pro vides an idea l m et hod of modLondon, W.I. e rni s ing veh icles Telephone-Langham 1040 . a lready in use. Tc1 ~grams-"Balhcb:tir, Wesdo, London."

Th is illustration sho ws th e cle ar gan g way for load ing the lower stl etchrr when ()Diy one C;lse is being ca rr ied .

1111 111111 111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111II IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII IIII II IIII IIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!I

FIRST

106

CALCICM CAROIDE POISO lING. :\.C. (Gosport) .- I n the September issue of FIRST AID you reply to a query under the abo \'c ti lle. You q uote Dr. Loos who a dvi ses the administration of large quantitie of alcohol or glycerine. I can under tand that glycerine might be used j but to me it eems that alcohol would be merely another poi on a dd ed and that the percenta <"e of alcohol round the piece Calcium Carbide in the stomach would have to be very high, as in :\l ethylated Spirit, before the action of water co uld be stopped. Perhaps you can help me to understand this point better and so win my thanks. First aid stands primarily for pre\'ention of aggravation of injury or condition and not for treatment thereof, which is the d octor's iob. In the same way the suggestio n of Dr. Laos' aims at preventing further complications by additio n of more water. Of course the admini tration of Methylated Spirit, in place of brand) or whisky, i contra-ind icated bccause, owing to the presence of bodie other than alcohol , it is definitely a poison . - N. C. F. H O\\,LER IN "FIRST AID ."

J. L. (Sheffield).-I have long enioyed reading you r Answers to Correspondents in FIRST ALD, and also the Examination Ho\\'lers with \"hich you li ghten this column; but I did not expect that the Editor of FIRST A If) would give us one. Possibly you have seen it in the September issue (p . 60), where the author of an article, dealing ,,,ith fractured ribs, is made to say :-" A fracture of a single rib in a fat parson is very easily overlooked." I have not had the pleasure of rendering I1r"t aid to a parson, fat or otherwise j and so I cannot say what d ifference th~re is betvveen them and us . G00d! Text, please!! By the \yay, your letter in its turn caused me to smile; and I wonder if you really deri\'e " pleasure" from rendering first aid.-N . C. F. H UMOlJRS OF FIRST AID. P. S. (Ne\\·castle).-The humorous story told ill the September issue of FIRST AID reminds me of another artificial respiration story which \vas related to me by a col league some time ago, and which runs a fo l1 ows:A ,,'oman, who had gone to the seaside, went swimming, was nearly drowned, a nd was rescued with difficulty. 1\l y colleague, before proceeding to \\'ork, unconsciously remarked aloud that artificial respiration was neceessary. To his surpr ise, a man in the crowd excitedly remarl<ed :- " Artificial respiration be blo7ued.' ThaI's my w~lt!.'.f So gh'e he?' tlz e 1'eal thiJlg and ['11 pa)1 luI' it.'.'.' "

Good!

Next, please! !-N . C. F.

TREAT;\I ENT OF FRACTURED CLr\\'ICLE. J .D . (Brampton).-ln a recent competition we had to treat a supposed case of Fractured Clavicle j and afterward s we learned that marks were given for ?luI removing the coat. We realise that the marking sheet was not in accordance with the in st ruction s of the Textbook, although we did not appreciate any cause for modification of the orthodox treatment. Consequently, we s ha ll welcome you r decision as to the removal or non-removal of the coat in this instance. In the t reatment of Fractured Clcvicle it is essenti a l that a pad of the size of the patient's clenched fist (rough ly 4 by 2 in ches) should be inserted in the ax illa. The T extbook teaches you that this is impossible unless the coat is removed, an d co nsequently gives you instruct ions to r emove it. A "ery common error is leave coat and to place the pad in armpit outsid e coat, in which pos ition it is "cry much less effective than it should be. You say that yo u did not recognise any cause fo r modi-

October, 1933.

A 10.

fication of the orthodox treatm ent j and as you do not s upply full details or enclose th e detail ed marking- s h et, I ca nnot form an opinion. I wou ld a dd that in ce rtain circum sta nce I would favour non-removal of coat, provided that the pad was placed well up in armpit and inside coat. . C. F. :\l EDDLESO;\IE FIR TAw. 1. A. ( \Valton-on-N aze).-On lwo separate occa. ions, once some three years ago an d again last week at a certain L o nd o n ho. pital, I have come aero s a patient bleeding freeh ' frolll a '\'ound of the hand. In each ca e I found a tight ligature which, app li ed to the forearm, completely stopped the return of the \'e nou blood; an d in each when l remO\'ed the li gature the bleeding cea d instantaneously. The point, however, is that in each case I enquired who had applied the li gature, and was told "a \'ery good amhu lance man; yes, a t. J ohn man!" This experience make one wonder if our men sufficlently reali e the utter folly of trying to top \'cno u h<cmorrhage ab07'e the \\'ound. I ha\'e had the same experienc , and can conlirm ) (lur term" instantaneously." It is strange that omc indi\ idual s can not apprec iate that the u e of tourniquet, the admini tration of brandy, and the bandaging of the limb, are the three last reso urce of first aid and not firt teps in tr atmenl. N.C.F. PEEP

INTO TIlE

P \, T.

D. ~1. (Clarkwall). - \\Tith reference to the yuer) of the ablwl' title rublished in the eptel1lber i · ue of FIH I .\IIl, a. to the identity of " H amlet," there "an be no Joubl hut that the person referred to wa:, the lale \\'illiall1 Rc,1 Edwards, \,\'110 was fir t Accountant, and later err tan to The Order of l. J ohn, and who \\'as chieny rC'ipoI{s ible for the institution of the Inter-Raih\ ay ,\mbulancL' Competition in 1897. v\Te thank you for your letter and for) our kind help in solving an in tere ting riddlc. - N.C. F. CO~IPOSITION 01' BEE JlNt,. D.C. (Surbiton) . - ln \'ie w of the interest, which i.., heing taken by readers of FIRST Am in 'INa p and Bee tin~ ... , the following cutting taken fro111 the jOllrnal 0./ Ih l Institute oj lIjgielll' may be depmed worth a place il your columns: . " In a paper on bee ,'enol11 in th e 1.11J1cel, Dr. F. Th ompson points out that it i a highly complex ubstance contain in g a protein roison and a liroid among other bodies of which formic acid is in negligible quantity. H e has found that children are eldom stung, but pe0ple who perspire freely and those \\'ho are highl) nervo us an d irritable are m ore often stung-. epsis is not infrequently caused by wasp st in gs but not by bee st in gs. "Bee-keepers s lowl y become immune to st in g::., but Dr. Thompson has found that complete immunit} to bee venom did not in a ny way protect him from "'asp venom. H e unde rw ent a co urse of wasr st ings and found that he acquired immunity to them . In 98 pel cent. of cases a bee sting is comparatively harml ess, though painful, a ll traces disa ppearing within 2-1- hours Dr. Thompson a d vises the appl ication of a ny elegan t, harmless lotion or cream that does not sta in the lin en , whi le the c utaneo us irritation wh ich occurs s u bseq uently may be treated with hz- If to one per ce nt. car bolic lotion. In the other two per cent. of cases seve re symrtom s follow ve ry qui ckly- within a few minutes in m any cases-and m edi cal attention shou ld be secured witho ut dela y." We thank yo u for your letter a nd for the press culling' wh ich is most interesting. - N.C. F.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRICADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &0., By N. CORBel fLelCHeR, •• B., B.C., B.A.(CaatalJ), •• R.C,I AIDa

FIRaT-AID.

Seventh Edition.

Post free, ... 2d .

Regulation-Right! Quality- Right! Price-Right

Lol. Si" !amll Ca'lllu c,,,tribtltll a" i"t"odtlcti"" a"dw, ,,,dors, Ills r"'" o:l>;"io" 11/ tMbook. "-LANCBT.

All Uniforms cut to Customer's own measurements

aame·J!tanlag Simplified aaet 'Iabalated, wltll lldl t • • e.ary,

NURSES

COATS,

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

CO.,

AID.

YORKS.

EFFIOIENOY

ERRORS

Brrors In flrst·Ald Detailed and Bxplalned.

l"s""'"

, 1 his 600k gifJlS '" e1,a",,, i"to tM ""tlwds a"d ditfictlltill 0.J ,.""rr'''C) t",at"""t by lay""" tka" 1M otficial T,.%toook iu,l/. "-LANCET.

COMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcher) I ndlvidnal and Qnestion-Six Folders). Price 6d. each net, post, Ild Each Folder contains special article on Competitions :-No, y, Training of Com. J>etitlon Teams; No.2, Condnct of Team in Competi tion Room; NO.3, Common Errors in Competition; ~ 0, 4, Furtber Errors in Treatment i NO.5, History of Competttton Tests i No.6, Preparation of Tests.

WHY

AND

WHEREFORE

FIRaT-AID.

all. ABner. ,lei, bOOR to Lletflr,,,, a"d Sttlu"I, w"o will j£"d it 111 p,at II,.-oU,. "Flftb Edition.

W, co",,,,,,,d

HINTa

M.R.C.S .

Price .. . 2d .• post free.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, St. John's Gate, LONDON, E. C.1.

& EOLIP11E:\]'. """

PLEASE SEND FOR PRICE LISTS.

Horm Clothing & Equipment Co., LTD ,

CLERKENWELL GREEN t LONDONt'l E.C.1. Telephones: Cler ken well 6682, 5226.

MBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE, By F. C. BOrfOMLEY, M.D. A hooklet to aid those interested in Ambulance and Stretcher Work.

Price 2d. each, post tree. " Firat Aid," .6, Cannon Street, London, E C 4.

.. FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. To be cut out a"d enclosed with flit Que",es OCT. , 1933,

~------------~~---------

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLI~a.

Post fr~e, lid.

Orderl, Datles Ilmpllllod au l! Tabalated, wltb l!dl to •• mory. ~ most compact b"o,"tl1'" . co"tai"s ",tlC" ""fti i"lormatio" ...-PRESCluBB FIRST AID.

IIIustrated by SO diagrams In Colollrs with Explanatory Letterpress. By Sir JAMES CANTLIE, K . B.E., LL.D., M.A. , M.B. C. M., F.R.C.S., D.P.H .R .C.P. 7!d. net; post free.

Pplce, 3 /6; post tpee, 4/~.

Telegrams: , U niquip, London."

FIRST-AID.

" Dllllealties II Stady aad 'Ireatmeat lolnd by Qaestloa

"As a work of reference, the book will be excremely usefu l and should be in the library of all ambulance worker. "-FmsT i\lI).

11,

FlltST AlD,

CORBET FLETCHER, M.A., M.B

10 &

FIRaT-AID.

... net: post 2d.

l ~ IFORwl

WUhl1.t do.bt 1M 600k will 6, 0ll",,,,t IInJiel tIC 1M trtlli"i"r 01 tlw" IlIr whom it is dllig",d."-BRITISH MEDICAL ]OODlAL.

I I

AMBULANCE MOVEMENT,

T HE

Price I •• 2d •• post free.

Post free, n. ad. Problem. 10 Itud" 'reat.eat aad Bumlnatlol .ohed lor lealor ItadeaN

AMBULANCE

T EST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE

HOME-NURaINO.

Revised.

, This b,ok wo"d,rltll,y simpli/i" a co""I".% stlb;let tu.d slwtlld b, ",ad 6" all st,,,,,,,u."-L. &: N.W. Rv. GAZBTTB.

COMMON

24, Commercial St., BRIQHOUSE, TELEPHOC\P;: BRIGIIO USE 290.

flrst·lld 81molUled aDd 'lab alated, wltb ltd. to .e.or,.

Tbird Edition .

SPECIALITY.

Send P. C.lor Price List and Sell-measurement "orms.

THORNTON

LIFE SIZE ANATOMIOAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES.

Monnted on Canvas , RoUer top and bottom. 255, net each. Post, IS. Human Skeleton, fr ont view. 2, Muscles, front view. 3. Human Skeleton back. view 4. Mnscles, back view. s. The ~eart and principal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (B). 8. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9, Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (D), YO. The Nervous System. II. Schematic diagram of Clrcnlatlon 12. The Human Ear. Y3 The Human Eye. 14. Median Section through Skin IS. Median "ectlon thronj!'b Head. I.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. Male, 8011. net.

Female, 8011. net.

'Vith Foetus, 8511. net.

Carriage 211.

A book that Is selling by the hundJ>ed.

. ~COIDENTS AND BMERGENCIES. Tbelr SI sSm toms and "First Aid" Treatment. An Ideall\Iemorizer Quick Reference. By A. . 00 IN . \Vitb Preface by WI LLI AM L OCK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN NICOLSON, M.A., M.B., Cb.B.Glas. I • . 2d. net post fr ee. By

M.R.C.S.Ba., (2ooth thonsand) Revised. With Coloured Diagrams. 12pp. Cloth, 6d. Strong paper. ~d. POSI Id. HOME NURBIIIB IN FEW WORDB. (56th thousand). Revisecl With nsefnl reference tables. 14 pp. Strong paper, 2d. Post yd.

FIR.T AID

CAItVELL,

FEW WORDB.

BANDABIN.

DIABRA.S.

12 PP, -72 bandaging diagrams, with notes.

HEALTH

F.R.C.S.

Strong paper, 2d.

Post Id.

By ~Ir R. N . FI~TH. D.P." Paper folder 3 tn. and 04 ill. Post free 3d. net.

FEW WORDS.

20th Thousand.

HOW AltO M. PItBSTO~, D,mo"st,-alor If} II" PI11~t,c""ic THE TR~A~aULAR BAN D~aE: Price 15. net; postage, zd . Its ApplIcation Accurately DeSCribed by Words and no Diagrams. T~E R~L.LER BANDAB~. Price 15. net; postage, 2d. liS ApphcatlOn Accuratelv DeSCrIbed by Words and 102 Diagrams.

FIRBT-AID ANATOMIDAL DIABRA ••• 13 (I to nand Y4)on Roll No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs 1/ 2 THE COMPLETE If!IANIKIN. Price 2 •. net; postage 4d

Post fre e, 3 •• 9d. net.

Systems of Body acc~r~tely l!ldexe.d. I nvaI~able to Students of Anatomy MedlclDe, Flrst·Aid and Alhed Subjects.

THE By

WHOLE

TIIBItLA

ART OF IIANDA.I •••

BOWSBR,

Illustrated.

Post free, I •• 2d

POCKET FIRBT AID .ERIE •• By Col. It. J. BLACKHAM, C.B •• C.M.a .. C.I.B D 1 0 M .,

(I) Poisoning, (2) Hzmorrhage, (3) Insensibility, (4) Asphyxl~' (Su'sp:nd~d B:~BU Ing), (s) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, (6) Wonnds Bites Burns S leLt Rnpture and Minor Injuries. The Series contains all the'essentials of F'lr ~AI Printed on Iinen·lined cards, 3f in. X sl in. Third Edition. 6d. ne s eJ : postage 2d extra, c

AIDII TO MEMORY FOR FIRBT AID .TUDENTB • • 0 NURSES VBRNON NEWTON. M R (; •• (BD~ ). Pd. net. Pest .JOHN

BALE,

SONS

DANIELSSON.

88-91, GJ>eat Tltchtleld StJ>eet London

Ltd.

W,1

HobsonlkSons

J. AI WYLIE & CO ••

Manufacturers of Unijorms, Headdresses, Accoutremen t8 for

MEDALS, BADGES

(London) Ltd.),

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. SPECIAL OPFER of All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed TROUSERSPrivates- 13/9 per pair. LIMITED QUANTITY ONLY. Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

FIRST AID

The Independent Journal for the A mbulance and Nursing Services.

AND Ente.-ed at J [ ,>tationers' Hall

TROPHIES .ultable for II

FIRST AID"

AMBULANCE AND 80CIETIE8.

NOT I CB

rJRST AI D is published on the 20th of e a ch mo nth. Annual ubscription is 3s. 6d. post free: single copies 3 d .

Bronze, 3/-; Sliver, .. /6; Sliver, Gold Centre, 6/9.

All Repl.lrts, &c., ~hould be addressed to the Editor at the ad dress below, and shou l.d re:1.ch him before the 12th of each month, nd muSt be accom panterl (1Iot massaril), lor f>ub!iration) by the n:lm e and arldress of I he Correspondent.

O,iginal Designs and QuotatIons post "ee.

Whollaall Priola to all uFIRST AID" SOCIETIII.

Subscriptions, Adverti~em('nts and athe! Lu!-ines~ Communications ronn ected \\ith FIRST AID should be (om·arced to the Publishers, DALE, l' E\"~OLDS & CO., LTD.,

Loudon Showroom-

62, North of England Office: 22, YORK PLACE, LEEDS.

HOLBORN

46, c,\, ':-;0:-; STREKT, Ln:-; [Jo:-.·, E.C.4,

VIADUCT,

7d((fa.I>hic Addl(SS-"Twalfyjof(r, /.otuion." 7 dt/,hone-Cw/ra! I.f2F.

E.C.

Telephone-0840 Cltv.

CONTI::f'lTS

SURCIOAL

EQUIPMENT.

Ie STERAID '(Regd.) series ot absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dress· ings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers only the quan· tity of gauze or lint required; atter cutting this off, rotate the Con· tainer in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected f,<nIl ex' posure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (AfI1Qrded tke Certificate 01 tke Institf4te of Hygilne.)

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY

ST. JOHN AMBULANC BRIGADE

UNIFORMS

All Dressln.,;s are of GUARANTEED

BRITISH

MANUFAOTURE.

" SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for receiving soiled dressings, sanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing in any convenient comer, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring, without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS ; SAIIJITARYTOWELS; all classes of FIRST·AID and SURGICAL EQUIP· MENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements.

~OBE~T BAILEY & SON, Ltd. MARRIOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT (7 eleplume: Stockport 2794 a11d 4F(6) and at 137, Sentinel House. Southampton Row. London, w.e.1.

rHIS

,·UM [H- R.

Ell t r()l<t,\L-

PI·,)!\..' lioll \gain"t 1\)i"l)ll Ca ... .I,)hl1 ,\l11hulaflc" ,\" ... lll'iati')11 r.ll' I f(1;-;pitall,'r ... • L'lLIh \lctl1l'ds l)f HI':>II-..,· ildti,)11 .l'('t un' in Fir:;t .\iLl r,ll' I\)rt III nri"t"l \lllill I it \ S J.\ Brig;,Jl' Di~lrin RLp~)r[<, rill' R\)) al Lik S.I\ illt:" O( it'l)' P' lon f\)!" "'ak.., Ddarlld \LlIkin:.., "'hut, .'1).41 i'ai lw<lY .\l11hulanll' :\cw" Po lice .-\111hu\;lnce Nt\\ s ... ... . .. Du rham. l'kn'hnd and \\'l'stI11MI,lnd District .\mhulancl' LI'(1:";UI H'H\' to Tn~ .tl Fl'\cr., fl1\.' Hist\.)r\" of thl TIlL'rIllOll1l'tL'r \ La"'pl' () 1I r N u r'ies' Pag-es Lc (tC'rs to the Edit\lr I III I3rigack in 11'l'lilnd ... t•

till)

11() 11 () 111 112 113 114 11 q 120

121 122

125 126

12D 127 12~

12tJ 131 131

\Jl' EHIES Al\J) t\i\"S\\EHS TO CClRRRSP01\'DEl\TS-

SEND FOR PRICS LuiTS:~

1;/ H4J: IiI: i i 4;113 1: b)I 1

(L'POOL) LTD.

Printed and .t'ublisheu by DALE, REYNOLDS & Co., Ltd., <46, Cannon·street, London, E.C.4, to whom all communications should be addressed. 7 elegra1m· -" Twenty·lout', London." Telephone - emtrat I;PI. To be h "d of all Newlagents, Booksellers and Bookstalls in the United Kingd HO and at all Railwc!.Y Bookstalls of Messrs. W. H Smith and Son R,

IT has now been decided that,

In all

No. 77-

Phone - Hop 0680 & 7065.

EDITORIAL. The

Its aim and ohject being the advancement of Ambulance Work its branches, Ihe Editor invites Rearlers to send ArtIcles and Re ports on suhjects pertaining to the ;\fo\,ement and also welcomes uggestions for Practical Papers.

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL.

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I.

RBADE RS.

CORP.

Contractors to H.M. Ministry of MDDitions. Russian Government. &c.

A DDRESS-

Trl'atl1l\..'llt of Fractured l'l'h i.,

132

Examinatioll IIowler

132

Treatmcnt of Iodin c [\)isoningTreatment of Compound Fracture of LegEthics of First .\id Humours of First .\id Calcium Carbide Poison ing Dangert; of .\l11lllonia ... . .. Transport of Patient with Fractured Spine Treatment of 1I1sect Biles ... . .. Signs of Compression of Brain Sign of Death ... Treatment of Frost-Bile C"N Surgical Bandage l Ol1l1l1crc ial 10tor Transport Exhihition nritish Red ('rnss Ncws .. , o

PRIC E TH I{EE P ENCE (3/6 PER A'II>UM, Po.." FRlE

132 132

132 132 132 133

133 133 133 133 133 133 134

13-+

PROTECT 10:-;

A(,,\f."ST POIC;O:\

G.\s.

followi ng the success attend i n 0thc classes I-.eld in London ~~ the members of the St. John

Ambulance Brigade, the training for the pI·olection against poison gas in w;],rfare is ro he extended to the provi nces d u ri n cr the winter . A syllabus cri"ing IIp-fo-datf' in tructi~1l and full information about the various types 01 gas, and thc most suitable treatment is bein cr . ' b I,>sucd to every Division . That this training i necessary there can be no doubt, but the training of the personnel of the Brigadc and other such organisations is not far rcaching enough. At the most, the member hip is in the region of 100,000 persons, men and \\·omen, but will it be possible for this number to impart their knowledge to the populatiol.1 In general in the event of hostilities '! \ \~ are in no \\-a), endeavouring to false a scar, but this feature of ambulance " 'o rk is of the utmo~t importance and one which com pels atten tion, not on Iy of the am hubnce authorities but also of civic bodies . ~ rem bers 0 f the Police Forces, Fi re Bri ::crades and other such bodies, must he brought into the scheme, and be prepared to fight this warfare should the occasion arise.

Further, the general public Il1U t be educated to the importance of being prepared . Many a r tic les have appea red in the Q'eneral Press o·i \. i n bcr accou n ts of t ra i n i ng he ld in foreign countries, but n o d irect io n as to how the readers can immune themse lves, nor the various types of gases that may probably be usee!, is g iven. <.J

Those among- 11

;-,

who had the misfortune to

meet gas attacks d ur i ng the last war, morc espec ia ll )r tho e who w re e n ("'laao-ed before \"Ie. o·as ~

110

FIR S T

masks were issued. will never forget the helplessness of their stricken fellowmen. Prevention is better than the cure. It it much better to know what to do and not be called upon, than to be called upon and not know what to do Let us, therefore, do our best to enlist the help of everyone so th:::t, in the event of hostilities, protection against poison gas is widely known.

St. john J\mbulance J\ssociation. PLY~IOuTH.-During

the 12 months ending September 30th last, the Plymouth Ambulance Fleet carried 27,163 cases coyering a mileage of 72,9-+6. The largest number of calls ~'ere for inyalid removals, including out-patients, passengers for hospitals which accounted for H,521 with a mileage of 53,110. Road accidents numbered 1,368, mileage 5,325, and other accidents were attended to the num ber of -+27. The other calls included fires, 139 ; shipping, 19 ; life boat, 6, and the carrying of crippled and invalid children, 10,683. Mr. Hedley V. i\liller, director of the Plymouth and District Ambulance Service, commenting on these figures, stated that most of the road accidents occurred at week-ends. The publi c ,,"ould help materially if adequate information of the accidents \"as gi\'en. An addition to the Sen'ice is another re\' iving apparatus which has been placed at the Devonport Ambulance Station. In cases of suffocation from smoke, gases or water this device enables not only oxygen to reach the unconscious yictim's lungs, but by the administration of 7 per cent. carbon dioxide gas the brain itself co-operates by transmitting breathing impulses to the chest. Already many asphyxiated persons and even animals ha\'e been dealt with by a similar apparatus from the Plymouth Central Ambulance Station, some with almost miraculous results. PORTS~lOUTII. -A large gathering of members of the Portsmouth Centre, which was formed in 1881, gathered at Long's ~lemorial Hall, on l\londay, October 30th, for the annual presentation of awards. The presentation was made by Lieut.-Col. H. G. Norman vVhite, who mentioned that there was a welcome increase in the number of persons who were joining the Portsmouth Corps, but there was still room for more. The report of the Han. Secretary of the centre, Mr. H. E. Rand, showed that classes in first aid, home nursing and home hygiene were held from time to time for adults j and boys and girls under 16 years of age could take a preliminary course. The number of awards since the formation of the Centre was 12,360, and that evening there were 166, including first aid and home nursing certificates for adults and preliminary first aid and home hygiene certificates for cadets. There were 60 for Brigade members, including labels and medallions. During the year 498 awards had been obtained. In addition to the certificates there were two votes of thanks on vellum for distinguished services rendered in furtherance of the work of the Order, one to Lady Divl. Supt. Miss V. Reading (Southsea Division), with 19 years' efficient service, and the other to Amb. Sister Mrs. V. Bramble (Portsmouth Division) with 18 years' efficient service. There was also a certificate presented by the Ambulance Committee of the Grand Priory of the Order to Lady

November, 1933.

A I D.

Corp Olticer l'Ilr . L. Joslin, for sen'ice to the ambulance department, and a long en'ice medal to Lady ,\ mb. Officer liss E. Disney (Port ea ursing Divislon) for 15 years' efficient sen·ice. l\luch interest had been taken in the Cadet mo\ement, there beincr one boy' and two girls' divisions attached to the Bricrade. \Varrants for the appointments of Lady adet Officer ~lrs. E. M. Gile and Cadet Officer F. \V. Crannis were also to be presented.

The Hospitallers ' Club. THE first meeting of the session took place at the Bon n i ngton Hotel, \V.C.t, on Friday, October 13th, 1933. The re-union of the members after the summer vacation proved to be a " social gathering" in the truest meaninO' of the word. During the eveninO' :\Ii s Margaret \Vebster delighted the assembly with several recitals, and ~Ir. Stillwell O'ave an exhibition of sleight of hand. On Saturday, October 21st, a \'isit was pai 1 to the J nstitute of Hygience. On this occasion we had the company of the" Lady IIospitallers." Demonstrations were arranged in add ition to viewing the very in teresting exhibits. Al togel her a very interesting and instructive afternoon was spent. An interesting lecture was given by l\Ir. H. W . Fincham, F.A.S., on Friday, November 10th, on Canterbury Cathedral. The lecture was illustrated by no less than 120 slides made from the photographs taken by 1\Ir. Fincham. Some of these pictures were of subjects not usually seen by visitors to Canterbury. They range from the Ancient Crypt to the Bell at the top of Bell Tower. The lantern was operated by ~Ir. W. Jackson. The next meeting of the Club will be held on Friday, December 8th, when =VIr. Mace will deliver a lecture on "The \Vork of St. Dunstans . " The annual dance will take place at the Cora Hotel, Woburn-place, on Saturday Iovember 25th . Tickets can be had from Mr. F. E. Stallard. - -- . -

. -

As a result of the annual parade held on Sunday, September 24th, and arranged by the Southall Division, S. J. A. B., and Southall Lodges, K A. O. B. , the Southall Norwood Tursing Association have received a donation of £2 3s. and the Dressing Statior·. of the Brigade a sum of £6 10s. 2d.

We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretaries and others with specimen copies of this Journal fo r distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers, FI~ST AID, 46 Cannon St., London E.C ....

Novem ber, 1933.

FIR S T

Methods of Resuscitation. * By GILBERT BURNET, M. C., M . B .. Ch . B., Chief urgeon, N . F.B.A. CCII a tille suggests the treatment of casualties as may be met on duty with the Fire, Police and \mbulance Services . I readily justify the necessity of such a paper as this in two ways :-First, he large number of casualties which require some '1lethod of resuscitation j and, secondly, the im~ ro\'ed methods, which may not be known to some of ,·ou. - TIle Large Fz'eld of erv/ce.-I have coupled the name of these ervices, not because some P olice ~r Firem n, nor be aus they are exposed to speCial hazard, but because the public have )cen crjucat d to rei ' on all uniformed bodies for .elp in times of ac~id.ent and disaster. At any tl mc of the ~ay ?r nIght) our services may be l: dIed upon In clrcumstanc s \\"hi h demand a nowledgc f som form of resuscitation. It may 11y ?e a case of ~aintinO' in the street; if you are : 1 uniform and faJ! to do anythinO' more practical t'1an sending for help, orne-one would 0'0 so far as ~o say tl~at YOll were disgracing your uniform. 1 he I.ublLc xp ct- rightly, I think you to render ~\' hat It \\'ould consid r ordinary first aid treatment In the emergt,;ncics of to-da \'. During the cominO' ye~r thousands of street a ciclents will occur, and many of them \\-ill require ome method of re uscitation to prevent their bein a ~ tal. IIundreds more will meet their death fro~ lrowning unless a prompt and correct revival 1cthod is available. Electric hock will claim llalitie more than need be if treatment is not prompt an I efficient. It is appallin a to me to •. k b t lin . that there can be in this country four thou"nd d~aths per ye~r from the various types of sphyxla; and I clatm that some of these deaths ould be avoided if prompt and efIicient methods c f resuscitation could be made available. I consider hat lives lost through wasted time durin ba the first i . "' W m.lnutes after the rescue-e.g., waiting for a rst aid corps or an ambulance; waiting for a loctor o~ some apparat'ts -and during those first c",w . preclOU minutes failing to do anything ( lficten t. In many cases you are first on the job; you our.self must apply methods of resusci tation and fo ntlJ1ue them unti l help arrives. Methods to be Applz'ed.- It doesn't matter ~\l het?er a simple case of fainting in a private house I. beIng dealt with or an almost fatal syncope from ~ 10ck on the roadside, a few seconds saved may

E. * A Lecture given by Dr. Gilbert Burnel, l\l.C., at the .:"s.tbo u rne Conference of the National Fire Brigades' AssoclatlOn, October 19th and 20th, 1933.

A I D. avoid a fatality.

111 In the home the appropriate

ha~dling of fainting may save a fatal syncope; whtlst. on t~e road, in the case of a man just

breathIng hIS last breath (or in fact already stopped breathing, with only the faint beat of the heart to indicate that life still exists), a prompt correct artificial respiration may safp a life, or at least hours of .work . . T~e longer the delay in providing artifiCIal reSplratlOn, the more remote will be a natural respiration and recovery. . It is a ~e.finite fact that in the majority of aCCidents whIch prove fatal-drowning and all cases of suffocation, gas-poisoning, electrocution and ancesthetics, breathing ceases before the heart stops. It is also a fact, and a more im portan tone to the first aider, that the heart may still be beating when the pulse, and even the heart beat, cannot be ~elt. Remember, therefore, that aI.:hough breathlI1g has ceased, there is still hope; but that if breathing is not continued, the heart may sto~ at any moment and will never beat again. _ In cases of apparent death from any cause, it IS you r duty to apply artificial respiration at once and to continue it until natural breathinO' is re~ stored, or until an expert has taken the r~sponsi bility of saying that the heart has stopped. Promptness, therefore, is the first essential of any method of resuscitation. E.!ficz'ency of AIetl70ds.- \iVith promptness the first essen tial to success, no method will serve our purposes which wastes time in getting assistants requ!rin.g dallying preliminaries, or waiting fo~ speCIal Instruments. ~Iethods to meet such ideals can only be carried out by the man on the spot, and the best of these depend on pressure on the patient's abdomen. Such pressure carried out manually forces the diaphragm up, compresses the lungs, and forces out the contained air. Release of the pressure allows the elasticity of the diaphrag£? ~nd the chest to act in such a way as to suck aIr 1I1to the lungs. This is the principle of the method so well know as Schafer's Artificial Respiration j but before carrying this out in the orthodox manner, I would call your attention to the fact that efficient artificial respiration can be carried out in some cases more promptly without even wasting time in puting the patient into the prone position as required by Schafer. I'\ umero~s people are lying on their back when . fi~st discovered, and the prom ptest method of artifiCI:ll respiration consists in rhythmical pressure on the abdomen; th is can be done immediately with the hand whilst the examination of the patient is continued, or with the forearm when the pat~en t is on an operating table, or on the stretcher InSide an am bulance . I have actually performed this method with my foot on a. man who \~as lying on a cottage floor after havll1g taken pOIson. I had no assistant except his hysterical wife, and 1 could not

FIR S T

1! ~

afford to miss a single respiratory act whilst my hand ' were occupi d in filling a hypodermic s)' rJ nge. chafer's JletILOd. - 1'hi - the Prone Position -:\Iethod - has replaced all other manual methods in this countn' and America bv reason of the fact that it is more imple, less injurious, and more efficient than any other. 'Vhilst the patient lies face dowlywards, pressure made by the hands over the loins can put the same amount of tension on diaphragm as the former method, and can prodllce as adequate a compression of the lungs. There is an additional advantage, howe\'er, in having the mouth directed downwards so that the tongue or any foreign body falls away from the air passage. The rhythmical application of pressure at the r a te of about fifteen ti mes per min u te supplies a perfect respiratory act; it can be performed without delay and without much fatigue to the operator. It must be continued without omitting one single action until natural breathing is resumed or until hel p arrives. Schafer'S Jletlzod witiz Oxygen.-An impro\'ed Schafer's method of valuable interest to firemen \\"as brought into service when Professor IIaldane (who has done much for rescue work) demonstrated the value of the inhalation of oxygen in the elimination of carbon monoxide from the bl o od. During the \\~ar, the portable oxygen a pparatus su ggested by him was of great service, and the \' Kovita" resuscitating set, which adopts the same principle, has furnished ambulances and fi re engines allover the kingdom with an adjunct to Schafer's method which increased its efficiency.

SchaJel"s lJlet/zod 7.f.J ith Oxygen and CarbonDz·oxide.-Further improvements in Schafer's method with oxygen ,,-as made in America, where Professor Yandell-Henderson and others, taking advantage of the fact that carbon-dioxide stimu' ated the respiratory centre, introduced to American industry I' Schafer's-and-Oxygen " mixed with 5 or 7 per cen t. carbon-d ioxide. The presence of the carbon dioxide will produce natural breathing sooner and increases the rate and depth of respiration s . \umerous fire engines and ambulances in this country are now carrying an efficiently equipped apparatus for this purpose in the ' I K ovax " of Siebe, Gorman & Co. (To be continued.)

---._.--Th e Hull larkets Commiltee have senL a letter of apprl::cia tion and a g ra nt of £20 to the Hull S.]. A. B. fund s fo r the e~ce ll e l1 l w o rk done a t th e Hull Fair. Dr. L. E. Price, Senior Diyisional Surgeon of the Ambul a nce Di vision, S.]. .:\.B., has been appointed pres ide nt of th e Binnim;h a m Branch of the Britis h ~I e di ca l Associa tio n for th e forth coming year. For hi ':> presid entia l a ddress, Dr. Pri ce s poke on ~ledi c al Practi ce, yes terday, to-cla) a nd to-morrow. ~un e--1 t o n

I To\'(.;mber.

A I D.

Lectures in First Aid.'*'

F R ACTL RES. T

(( olll/lIucd).

FIL\CrURE tHo' TIlE LOWER ]A\\· . C.\1}SE~ualh' direct violence. Sign and Sym ptoI1'l s- The patient 1I pports the jaw with his hand, there is dribhling- of saliva, pain, 10 s of Po\\ er, irregularity of the teeth, bleeding from the gUIllS, crepitu~. First Aid-The 100\"cr ja\\ is pre':, eli gentl~ against the upp r jaw and kepl in position b~ means of a four-tailed bandage, a -lit in the centre is placed under the chin, the upper end are carried to the back of the neck and tied, the lo\,er ends are carrie 1 from u n der the chin, in frollt uf the ears, and tied on lOp of the head. After-treatmen t The patien t i~ not allowe d to speak or Illoved his ja\\-, the mouth must be kept clean by means of antiseptic m o uth \\ a he . Liquid fo od is administered through a tube passed between the teeth, or fed thr o u g h a nasal tllbl . The ja\\ is kept in position for three \\ ee \...S , an d \\hen solid fooc.! is allowed it must be minced . After fi\'e weeks healin g should be complete. FR .\ C l U [~En CL\\ fe l.L

Cause-~\ fall

o n th e hand, e lbow or shoulde r is the commonest cau s e, th o ugh it may aho hl caused by direct violence. Symptoms- The a t titude of the patient i ~ typical, the arm is helples s, and the patient supports it at the elbow with hi s hand of the soun d limb, the head is inclined to the injured side, a n irregularity of the b o n e is felt, thi s i'> clue to tl h: broken ends overlapping. First Aid - Hemove the coat taking off th e uninjured side firs t, place a firm pad in the axill a of the injured side, brace back th e shoulders, la y the arm across the ches t \\'ith the palm o[ the han d inwards, support the arm in a sl i ng, and banda ge to the chest. The above trec:ttment is all that i" necessary if the fragments remain in position this method is sometimes combined with that 0 \Vharton Hood, a piece of strapping 1 j inches wide is placed over the seat of the f ractu re, an d extends from the nipple to the angle of the scapul a a similar piece overlaps this on either side. Sayer':, method of strapping [or fractured clavicle is a1 5' com monly used. FRACTURED RIBS.

The fourth to the eighth ribs are those whi ch are most commonly broken. Cause-Direct, indirect, or muscular violen ce. Symptoms - Pain at the seat o( the fractu rc ------------~

---------

* Reprinted by courtf' ~y of tht. Iris It

Hospital World.

FIRST

;: g-g ravated by taking a deep breath, by coughing r sneezing, th breath i ng is ~hallow and rap id, t nderness is elicited oVer the seat of the fracturc , ,>0 on comrressing the chest antero-posteriorl/ If the lungs are injured brighl red, frothy hlood [l aY be coughed up, if the lower ribs on the right ide are fractured the liver may he injured, fract re o[ the lo\\er ribs on the left may cause injury l f the spleen. Symptoms of internal hcemorrhagE' il l indicate eith 'r of these conditions. First Aid The majority of patients must be tit a ted for shock. Restriction of the movemenu' l ' l the arrccted side is effected by handaging the t 'c hest \\ ith a six-inch bandage beginning at the l.)per pan of th chest. T\\ 0 folded triangular I tndages may also be used, one overlapping the h e r, and ti d on the uninjured side. If the lI ng is injured the patient is usually more comf rt able \\ hen propped in a sitting position. Give i'c L SlI k. I njections of morphia are usually • e n.~ d. Aftcr-trcatml:nt The chesl is u.':tually strapped the u rgeon, the che t is trapped in the po in of. full. expiration, pieces of strapping two I ~ h c - In WIdth and Ion tT enough to extend a little b o nd thl; sternum in front to a littlc beyond the ~I ine at the _ back are applied, the lowest strip 1 p ut on Ilr'it, and each ..,trip overlaps half t the precedin cr one. A broad bandaCTe is put , O\' \.:f the ')trapping, \\ hich i.., left on for thr e , ·ek .. . l

By A ])OCTOR. • ' 0.

\Tovember, 1933 .

19.33.

/'/ul'sing al, d

A I D.

113

After-treatment-When the fracture has been reduced by the surgeon, it is put up in full flexion wi th su pination of the forearm. \Vhen the elbow joint is i nvolved operat ivc treatment is usually n cessary .

The Port of Bristol Authority. On October 7th the Port of Bristol .-1.uthorily entertained the l11el~bers of the first aid classes of the .-1.uthority. The proceedings opened with a competition for a cup and medals presented by the .\uLhority. The four competing teams were captained by lessrs ..-1.. E. B. Hitchin, G. E. Russell, R. Ba~combe and H. Crabb , :\Ir_ :\. E. B. Hitchin's team ('onsisting- of himself, C. William, L. Garrett, T. F. Evans and . Harris, were the winners of the cup, with 102~ l1lark~ out of a possible 126. :\Ir. Crabb and ~1r. Bascombe's t~am being second and third with 8-1- and 83 mark respect I\·ely. Dr.]. A. L. Ro!Jerts was the adjudicator. The competition was folJo\ved by a supper at which .\Iderillan Dyer, the chairman of the Port of Authority, preSided. :-\t the conc1u ion of the supper .-\Iderman Dyer pre-

\ . 1~ ,\L'n R E 01 1 II I ' I I l - -'I Eln· ..,. :\Ja\' l) C ~lIr at the upper end, middle or lowcr

~yl1lpl O IllS - The usual signs o[ fracture are : "l ent.

First .\id If near the upp r end a broad b n !age ic.; applied around the arm and chest and ~i ! o n the oprosite ide, the forearm is ' upported in a s ling. After-treatmenl- If there is little displace.m n t the above treatment is all that is necessary, If Lhe fragment are displacei the fracture is rec\ ~ ed under ana:'sthetic, the arm is abducted to a ri £; It angle and an extension applied. If the fracture is near the middle of the shaft sri nts are applied from the shou lder to the elbow on ~ e outer and inner sides, splints may also be ap l _led to the front and back of the arm, avoiding pr sure on the blood vessels at the bend of the el b w, the forearm is supported by a sling. After-treatment- Gooch sp linting is used, and a r.. ~tangular splint to control th e e l bow joint is ap lIed to the outer s ide of the arm, which is suppo ed by a sling and bandaged to the body. If. the fracture is at the lower end, an ang ul a r sp r t IS app! ied on the outer side of the arm, one en: o f which extends from the armpit to the elbow, th t o ther end from the el bows to t h e ti ps of th e fin gers, the arm is supported in a large sli ng. l '

The Port of Bristol .annual .-i.mbulance Competition 111 progress. sen ted the cup and medals to the winning team, and also handed t~e a ':"ards to the mem bers of the classes who passed the eXam1l1ation at the last session. Alderman Dyer in the course of his remarks stated that the mo\'ement was very much alive. This was due in no small extent to the keen interest shown by the assistant general manager, 11'. Frank Brown, over a period of many year ; in facL e\'er ince 1903 when he took a prominenJt part in the furtherance of ambulance work at the Newport Docks. He st~ted. that of the 69 men who presented themselves fo~ eXamll1atlOl1, all had passed, and that 11 members had ?bta1l1ed ce~tificate , 23 had obtained vouchers, H had obtall1ed medallions and 21 had obtained labels. .-\Iderman ,\Iderm.an Dyer considered that these results were very encouragll1g an d urged that more men than e\'er would a\'ail l;lemsch'es ~f the oppo:tunities and facilities provided by the 1 orl AuthOrIty to acqulrc a knowledge of llrst aid WOrk and to make themselves efficient in it . Presentations were made to Drs. A. E. Gorham and N. Burgess, .the. hon. lecturers to the classe , and to Iessrs . .\ . E. Hltch1l1, H. Owen and G. E. Ru sell, the hon. instructors . T he sixth session is about to commence and alreadv 70 men have intimatcd their intention of joining- the cIa ses'

FIRST

114

The

St.

fohn

A I D.

Ambulance

Brzgade Dzst1'zct Reports. No 1. (Prince of Wales 's) District. No. 22 (HOSPITAL SATURDAY Fmm) DIVISION.-The result of the , I Florence Trophy," a trophy anonymously presented to the Division, has been won for the current year by Pte. W. H. Petett, the runner-up being Pte. J. H. \Vells. No. 100/1 (BOROUGH OF LEWISHAhl) DIVISION.-The final events for the Divisional trophies and presentation of awards were held on Saturday, October 14th, at the L.C.C. School, Lewisham. In the " Chiesman" Challenge Shield, for individual \york, preliminary competitions had reduced the competition to three and these had to treat a supposed case of a young boy having severely cut his hand with a razor and feeling faint had fallen down the stairs. For the Hayes" Challenge Cup, for teams, an ing enious motor-cycle accident 'w as arranged, the pillion passenger having fallen off and was being dragged along the ground. Corps Supt. A. J. Gre.en judged the work of both competitions, Div. Supt. Vl. H. Smith being in charge of the competitions. Among the spectators were Alderman and Mrs. A. E. Webb, Alderman and Mrs. E. W. Hayes, District Officer E. J. Prew (No.8 District), Lady District Officers Mrs. ),IcCaffrey and 1\liss Grindley, and Lady Div. Supt. Miss Pearce. District Officer Prew presided at the presentation whilst Lady District Officer Mrs. McCaffrey presented the awards as follows:" Chiesman" Challenge Shield: 1, CorpI. A. Robbins, 87! points; 2, Pte. T. Openshaw, 7n; 3, CorpI. L. Taylor, 73~. .. Hayes " Challenge Cup: 1, No. 1 Team (CorpI. A. Robbins, Capt.); 2, No. 3 Team (CorpI. D. Jones, Capt. ) ; 3, Xo. 2 Team (CorpI. L. Taylor, Capt.). Bryant" Challenge Cup (for efficiency during the year), Pte. Openshaw; runn er-up, Pte. H. Buller. Mrs. McCaffrey also presented certificates, vouchers, etc., gained at the recent re-examinations. A vice-president's badge was handed to Mr. Harry Chiesman, J.P., M.B.E., who has been a vice-president for 21 years. (C

No. 107 (YORK ROAD, L.N.E.R.) DIVISloN.-The Annual Divisional Competitions were held at Sebright Hall, Finsbury Park, on Thursday and Saturday, N ovember 2nd and 4th. The individual viva voce and practical tests for senior m embers for the " Mailer " Challenge Cup were held on November 2nd, and were judged by Dr. A. L. Banks, Div. Surgeon of No. 58/1 Division. The individual viva voce and practical tests for junior members for t:he II Massa" Challenge Cup were also held on November 2nd, and were judged by Dr. W. A. R. Mailer. On Saturday, November 4th, two teams of five men competed for the " Robbins" Challenge Shield. The dual tests, individual viva voce for the Captains, and the team tests were judged by Dr. W. Mailer, Div. Surgeon at No. 13 (King's Cross, G.N.R.) Division.

Novem ber, 1935.

N ovem ber, 1933.

Marks for uniform wcrc awarded to all competitor. , District Officer W. Roust adjudicating for this. Following the learn tests, T. Smith) Esq., lIon. Diy. President) took the chair, and Supt. H. H. Dye announc cd the results as follows : " Massa" Challenge Cup :-1, Pte. A. e. Bloomfield 39~ marks; 2, Pte. Adey, 3n; 3, Pte. Cakebread, 39. "Mailer' Challenge Cup :-1, Corpl. vVaygood, 49 : marks; 2, Fte. Walby, 43; 3, Pte. Saddington, -1-1. "Robbins" Challenge Shicld :-1, 1 o. 2 ~ ccti oll Team, 23M· marks; 2, No.1 ection Team , 23H. The winning team was comprised of CorpI. Waygo od (Captain), Ptes. Widdingtol1, Biles, Packe and Cakebrcad. The judges all gave satisfactory reports of the work of the competilors, and helpful advice, after which th e trophies were presented to the winners by Dr. . Corbet Fletcher, Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief. In the competition for junior members two competitors tied for first plac , and the Cup was awarded to Pte. Bloomfield who had gained the highest marks in the practical test. Dr. Corbet Fletcher also kindly presented the a\\ ard gained by members of the Division in examinations he' 1 during the year) and Vice-~re idenls' badges to 1\lcs r F. Warriner and F. C. Robbms. Votes of thanks to the judges and all who hart helped to make the competitions a uccess wcre carri c(. on the proposition of upt. II. H. Dye. A large and appreciative audience watched the team work, including District Officer T. lIcBride and LaG District Officer Miss \r.,Talker, District Officer and 1\1r . Green Div. Supt. Herbert, Lady Div. upt. lIr . Agar,' Mr. and Mrs. T. Smith, Mr. F. Warriner an I 1\1r. F. e. Robbins. No. 117 (HAYES) DIVISIO ' . A highly Sllccess l dance was held on Novcmber 1st at the Grapes IIotl Hayes. early 200 dancers taking part. The funct iol. was organised by Mr. and 1\lrs. W. T. Wood, of IIa)"l , and many expressions of an enj oyable cvening spent \\" c ! heard. At intervals, the assembly were entertained I v the comedienne, Miss Kitty Godfrey, also by 1\1r. Pcgg, an eccentric dancer. Mr. J. e. Hutchinson acted as M.e. and the music \\ is provided by Bob Morgan's Band. As the result of this event, the expenscs of the H I being met by Mr. Wood, a considerable sum will /lC handed to the fund, for the purpose of erecting a "Fil t Aid" Depot on the Uxbridge Road, by the Divisi.c~ . Land for this purposc having ,b een allocated to thc Dn 1sion by the Middlesex County Council. At the conclusion of the evening, speeches of than s to Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Wood for their great generOSIty were made by Officers of the Division. DAGENHAM.-The Dagenham Cadet Division lost .an enthusiastic member when Cadet Ronald H. Morley dlC'd on Tuesday, October 10th. Cadet Supt. H. Mulligan and Amb. Sister Mrs. E. Howard attended his last hours under the supervision of the doctor. Cadet Morley was for two years a member of th e Green Lane School First Aid Squad, and contributed materially towards that squad's success in winning the

FIRST

Dage nham Tn ter-school Firsl Aiel Trophy for those two -,"c.a rs: lIS \\ as also. a member of the Dag-enham Cadct n lYlSIOI~, Tcam whIch hroll~'ht thc "Lady Margarct ~lc R <le (llp .to. l?agcnham thIS. ycar. His death is a great 1(:-;<; t() thc DI\'lslon, and he wIll he kecnly missed by all h's CO III racle '. Thl' funeral took placl' at Harking- Cl'llletcry on Satnrdd) , October I-hh, ane! \\ as attended hy membcL of ~II fo ur ])agenhal1l ])i,_isiol1s of the Rrig·arlc. The coffin \,a<.; la id to l'c'>t 111' lour 111 em he r . . or the Dagenham .\<nhul a nce Di\' ISIOIl. . In addi tion . to th(J~l' fmlll family and friends, therc \, l re. flural trlhules 11:()J~l . The J)a~cnham Ambulance C'l1d (~a det A~mbulal1 c . l~" 1<;lons; The I)ag-enham l"\ursing Clnd Clade[ u.rSll1~· 1)1' ISIOl1 . ; Thc St. JOhll adcts Con. rt I ct,rt) . 111\'. ~lljll. and 'T r:. E. J TO\\ ani and Famih ; (,<lLt Sup l. J r. ~rulllgan: and Crcl'n Lane . choo!. >

' nl'T I' \ 1. 1.. - TIll' • 'in t h }\llnllal J )illl1t'l' (If th l' .'oll thall

By cOU7lesy

A I D.

1 15

Dr. C. W . Seccombe, in replying, said it was a plea ure to do what they did for so enthusiastic members. ~ Captain H. A. Fenton, submitting the toast of" o. :1.5 Southall Ambulance and ursing Divisions," con. Idere~ that they wcre the two best organised Divisions 1Il their area, for which he thought thcy had to thank Sllp~. J. E. Taylor and Lacly Superintenclent Miss Lewis. :)uf1ng the year they had b.e~n fortu~ate in having certain cups pr~sented for competitIOns, whIch greatly increased the effiCIency of. the work. He had also to congratulatc Southall on haVIng a new motor ambulance, which wac; manned by the Ambulance Division. , upt. ]. E. Taylor. in reply, made appreciative reference to the. upport received from the Southall Council and the aSSistance of the R.A.O.B. \\~ith regard to the motor ambulance, he stated that it was for their own work, for LIse at sports mccting-s and football matches. Th<.:) \\ ere not u ing it in any \\'ay with the Council l~ccaLJsc the COLJncil hac! provided two vcry efficient ambu~

. [Lewisham Borouglz lVews. TI lC L eWlsham Divisional Competitions in progrcss.

Al1Jbu lance and l'\ursil1 o ' Di, iiulls \\as held on \\Tcdnesda}, Octo be r 2~th. L>

lance

to carryon the important ,,"ork they were doino·.

to the absence, throuoh ill-health of the 1 Y "ing: :\11,' h . J CIl.'ilcicnt . ' . . I A II drrtSOn, t c chair was taken by v()LlllcIllor C. F. Collins, J.P., Chairman of the Southall"' h L' n~\\ ood ' . e . D .l'. , among toe prescnt beinO" As ,t,0'11l11 ISS lOIlcr S. J. \Van-cn, C . OUllt)' Surg'con Capbt fI A' 1'l'ntn 11 J), S . ~ . . . (;. ,\1 , . J,':' , II rgeolls C. vv. cccombe, A. B. Brook. COL :. OlI\ c ,dlld J. ~ A. l\IacCarthy, Supt. J. E. Taylor, COt:;l:l llors C~. A. (rce ey, R. F. Fryars) ' N. Garrod, J r lCl llor~ G. A. Creescy, R. F. Fryers, W. Garrod R. :i~ .\.: ~Ill!, and VV. ~ . .(\. Olive, Dr '. J. O. McKenna: A . 10nl11, J. R. 0 Bncll, W. J. Crawford Cogswcll mc;n· a nd ~'lYlln, and other " .. ]) 1.C A SSI tanl ommissioner propo cd the toa t of the 'vIS Ional urge 011. "II',c a Iways f ouneI t I1em 111 . eVidence . and. e\ er ready to give of the best.

tors,

ald. t~le

o. 55 Divi ' ion regarded the presence of mark of appreciation of thcir uscHc (Councillor Fryers) cxpres ed thc thank of the \'1. J tors) ancl poke in appreciation of the benefits th.e people 111 O"eneral derived from the activities of the B.ng·acle and in admi ration of their work. DUrIng an int~r\'al in the peeches, the Chairman made t.h~ presentatIon of cups and awards won in the cOmpetItIOlls. The winners were:ur ing Di\'i ion individual test : "LJeweUin" Cup (presented. by Col. J. J. LJewe1lin, 1I.P.) and Black's illecltcal Dlrectory, Ambulancc Si ter ilIi s L. Poulton Ambulance Diyi ion team contest: 1, "Charlotte" Cup (presented by Sup!. R. W. Stone) and miniature cup,

•

!?r. 1'>-. B. Brook proposing the toa t of .. The Vi i-

~o many YlSltors as a t ulne S In the to,,:n:

116

FIR S T

Corporal S. Tilley's team, 78 marks; 2, " \ Villett" Cup (presented by Mr. V";. Willett) and ash trays, Corporal E. Goodall' team, 77 mark ; 3, cigarette cases, Corporal R. Goodman's team, 7..J. marks. Dancing followed until 1 a.m.} the music being provided by the Kimbus Dance Orchestra} which had played elections during dinner. Councillor Cree ey was

I.e.

A I D.

accompli h in the future with the aid of the new headquarters. In reply, Dr. Orton returned thanks for the honour Freemasons had clone the Brigade in giving them that plcndid send-off. He hopccl the fine weather that after noon would be a g-ood aug-ury for the ucce s of the causc

No. IV. ( Lancashire ) District No. III. Oistr-ict. XUXEATO:\".-There wa a large attendance at the Nl1l1eaton St. John Ambulance Hall, on the occa ion of presentations to Corps Officer J. Bonham and Supt. W. H. Harri , who have been \yith the Nl1neaton Division for 21 year and 20 years respectively. I\Ir. Bonham joined the Division in 1912, was appointed Ambulance Officer in 192..J., Superintendent in 1930, and Corps Officer in 1933. He had been connected with the movement for 12 years before coming to the town. l1r. Harris joined in 1913, was, for 15 years Secretary of the Men' s Division, and for 11 years Secretary of the Building Club. In 1926 he formed a Cadet Division, and became Cadet Superintendent in 1929. He was appointed Ambulance Officer in 1931, and Superintendent in 1933. The presentation came as a mark of esteem from thc men, cadets and nurses of the Division, and took the form of " Parker" pen and pencil sets. In addition, 11r. Bonham receiyed an ebony walking stick and a pipe, and :'Ir. Harri a leather attache case, filled with stationery. Dr. N. S. Robinson presided whilst the Mayor (Councillor W. T. Smith), who was accompanied by the Mayoress (Councillor 1Irs. VV. T . Smith), made the presentations. The ~Iayor, in handing over the gifts, said he was pleased to make such a presentation to two officers who had rendered such long and distinguished service. He also -outlined the careers of Corps Officer Bonham and Supt. Harris. Both Offic e rs returned thanks and paid tribute to those who had a sisted them during their connection with the Brigade. COVENTRY.-The stone-laying ceremony of the new Headquarters of the Coventry S.J.A.B. took place on Oetober 18th. A full 11asonic ceremony was held, the Right Worshipful Provincial Grand Master for Warwickshire (Colonel W. F. Wyley), declaring" the stone well and truly laid in accordance with the ancient rule of architecture." With Col. Wyley were Officers of the Provincial Grand Lodge and brethren from over twenty lodges who 'w alked in their regalia from Parkside to the ceremony. The Officers of the Brigade present included the Commissioner (Major J. Orton), Lady County Officers :\11ss Orton and 1iss Kalker, District Officers M, Bethell and H. Wilkins, Corps Supts. W. Hiron and A . Wilkins, Corps Officer VV. Jennings, Diy. Surgeons Dr. ~ . J. L. Rollason, and Dr. D. Holmes, Supt. J. H. Harris, Lady Supts. Bayliss and Hewitt and CorpI. F. Jennings (Secretary of the Building Fund) After the above had been laid with customary :\Iasonic ceremony and the consecrating vessels had been presented successively to the Provincial Grand Master, Col. Wyley in a brief address said his brethren felt Dr. Orton was doing magnificent work in Coventry and he felt he deserved the help of every citizen in providing th e very suitable building that was to be erected. They all knew the ~ork perfo.rmed by the Brigade in the past, and also what It was domg to-day. They were confident of the increased work that the Brigade would be able to

Nove mber, 1955.

Nove m ber, 1955.

ASKI-I.\)L- Thc

Askham Diyision hcld thci r annual IIan'e t ~en'ice in Ra1lkin TTall 01l ,'unday afternoon. October 15th, v,hcII the Vicar, Rc\', \\T, . Charc, prr "ided.

FIRST

contained the regulation contents, as the public looked upon them as a complete compenclium of First Aiel, and lhe pouch equipment, as laid clo'\ 11, was sufficient to be of ,a lue in almost any accident or sudden illness. Following- the inspection, under the chairmanship of thl :'\fa)()r or Preston, Corps '-urg-eon T. [I. Derham. :\llss :\Ioore eli, trihuted the award won during the year, ;I!lel in acl(lItioll to trophic and certificates Sen-ice medal h:lrs \\'l'rC presented to Corps Officer Lendn11n (4th). Supt. Hra mley (2nd), and fir t har to the Sen ice :\1edal, and a l-:as p to thL :'\IecJal or the R.~ -.A.S.n.R. :\Jedal to Sergt.

No. V. District. \V.\KEFIELD.- The Compc.:tition for the t. Roe-Jagger" Cup was held on aturday, October 21st. at Wakefield, Those present included Dr. Roe (::\I.O.H.), Halifax. and Mr. H. Jagger, donors of the cup, Di\·. Surgeon x. Robinson (vVakefield), Lieut. Simpson, Officer Cropper. R.. ::\1. Freeman, Supt. Gray and Amb. Officer v\' . .'mith (v\'akeficld), Supt. J. ::'I.1oreton (Crafton), ::'I.1r. J. ~hipley and 1\1r. Glover. The judges were Diy. Surgeon Downie (Crofton), team test and Dr. Bottomley (Outwood), indiyidual. Follo\ving the competition tea was pro\'ided by the members and local tradespeople. Dr. Roe ohserYCd that a \'cry high tandard of efficiency had been maintained. H e empha i ed the need for public support and co-operation. :\1r. Jagger cxplained the origin of the "Roe-Jag-ger" Cup and hoped it would be competed for annually. The cup \\ as then presented to the winning team. );0. 5, by Dr. Roe and indiyidual prizes, beautiful clock. ginn by Diy. Surgeon N. Robinson, to the members of the team which con'i tcd of Pte. H. lng-ham (Captain), . Bullimore, \V. Padgett and F. Robinson. :No,..J. team were econd and. o. 3 team third. FiYe teams competed. . A ocial followed the presentation, during which 1l \\ as announced that a second trophy had been offered to ~he \"akefi eld Division to bc awarded to the runners-up In the "Roe-Jagger" Cup Competition, This new trophy \\'a the gift of :\1r. Gloycr and \" ould be kno\yn as the

PREsToN.-Commissioner W. C. Smith, O,B.E .. C() 1ducted the annual inspection of the Preston Corps (An-h. Divisions and Boy Cadets). The Ambulancc HaJJ \\ (15 almost like a field dressing station. At one moment the men would have their arms swathed in bandages, and at another some would be lying on the ground, feigning exhaustion, due to drowning, with men working busily to revive them. There were 90 Officers and men) and 15 Boy Cadets on parade. The Commissioner expressed his satisfaction with all he had seen, but urged every man to see that his pouch

friend the members of the Sabden Division enjoyed a trip to Blackpool by motor coach during the illuminations. Thcy were entertained to tea by Dr. and :\Irs. Lawrie at the Coliseum, after which each male member received a hox of cigarettes and each lady a box of chocolates. Miss Elsie Crick expressed the thanks of the party to thei r g-enerous friend, and about 1 a.m., Sahden \\ as reached aftcr a Yery enjoyable clay.

BURXLEY.-The annual Prize Distribution took pIa ' at Burnley Headquarter when the Han. Rachel Ka,. Shuttleworth di trihuted the trophies and certificate ', :\1iss Hargreayes won the.: Rose Bo,,'l for Home. ur. II~ and 1\1i Fox: the Ro "c BO\\'1 for Fir tid. The" Dickill son" Cup presented to the be t men's Firt Aid Tea lll wa won hy Sergt. o"'g-ill' "quad. photograph 1)1 the late Corp Supt. Elli Greenwood \\'t\ um eiled by Dr. Slane, who spoke yery highly of his sen'icc5 to th ' Brigade and the town gcncrally. :\Ii. 1.. __ impson pre _ic1ed.

LEYLAND,-The iourth annual CompetitIOn for t'lt' .. , ag-ar" Amhulance Shield \\ as lleld at CoppulJ wh I nine teams competed. A largc number of people watch ed the event, among ,\'ho m was )'1r. Sag-ar, the donor of the shield. The judges were Dr. Horrocks (Kirkham) and Dr. Dickie (Bolton). Leyland Station L.M.S. team pro \'l I successful for the second year in Stlcces iOIl, Leyl an I Division, .J.A.B., being second} and Coppull Stat i .1 L.M.S. third. The shield and prizes were presented 10 the winners by Mr. Dickenson) colliery manager, Coppu'1. l\Ir. John Sumncr, Leyland Motors, i Chairman of tt-e Committee, l\1r. Watkinson ecretary, and Mr. Bri gTreasurer.

11 i

BL.\CKBUR .-The presentation of a "cry beautlfu l hield for competition between the Blackhurn mhl1lanc l Divi -ions proyed a happy affair. The work of the Bri o-ade has been a subject of keen and appreciative illtere.;, to the l\1ayor and l\Iayores , Alderman and Irs. Kenyo n, and to stimulate a whole orne competition IIi vVorsh q donated the shield and the ~Iayoress ga\'e a hand am rose bowl for competition amon.~ the membcr of th e Nursing Division. The Commi ioner accepted the trll phies and thanked the donors for their generosity. Di trict Officer Major Mackenzie thankin~ the ?\ray()r e~" for the encouragement giyen to the nursc ..

HIXDLEY.-A Suppcr was held at the Victoria Hotc' Platt Bridge, to celebrate the success of the Division in winning- the \;Ve t Lancs Cup at Prescot, ,Tttly 15th. :'\[ r. Vl. Cartwright presented a report on the work, an d thanked Messrs. Ravner and the official " for the ell couragement received.

A I D.

T~all1 alltl l

l1i "ers of the L c) land Oi\ ision, winn~rs of the "Galloway" Cup Competition, 1933. ."tanding (left to right): orrs. upt. E. F. ;\liddleton, [)i\. u[1l. C. Ilibbl:lt, .\l11h. OITicers G. W. Hodgson and R. Holmes. ,\·a tcd. Pl~"', C. ] ~l1l1ing, and H . Herring, Dr. C. ;\1. \\,illlllnll , Ples. ], ="ebon and . Deacon.

.. ()llta~ tlL. 1) l l .... Il art1c\' and ~Illg'lct()n also rccclyed crICC :\Icclals, . . Thc "( ;;t11()\\ a} .. l-u]l \\ as \\'on by Leyland Diy., and the , ~l11ith" Cup h) noy add ~ing-Jct()n. . T \~lllSII.- \\ c regret to record the death of Dr. I!. 01'1115]).\, \\ hich occurred under tragic circul11::tnce, Dr. Ormsh) \\'a ' erasing the road near hie; I ll11C \\ hCll he \\ as knocked down hy a motor car. H e I'> COl1\ C} cd l() the \Vig-an Infirmary where he died the 'n 1l()\\ il1g morning-. Dr. Ormsby, \\ hI) "'etS 63 years of ag'e, had been . Il'cl ical Officer of ITeallh ror 20 years, and wa " an hOl1ortry lire memher of the. 1. John mhulance ,ociation. (r

TR \WI)I~:\'.-A sl1cce:siul route march wa _ held bv the "I ra \lden Division, when ahout :;0 members tinder 5u]l1. T,ltham marched to \VycoJlar, returning' via -VVinc\\'aJl and C{)tlo ntrce. The Bug:le Band headed the contino-ent, and in the (,H' ning- it c1an'cc ",as held in the Amhulance HalJ. .

\\'l(.,\x.-T hc annual \ iV hist Dri"e and Dance orgalld hy the 'vVig-an Amhulance and Tursing Divisiolls ag-,li n proved a SLlccr"' when upwards of 350 attended th: function hcld at the Daths A sembI) Hall. \ Vigan. Lob's Paramount Boys provided thc music, and during t'1c interyal Corp Officer Bolton introduced Dr. Macleod, the new Di\'i ional Surgeon, ",ho presented the prizes. Pt(. J. Cntlriall r ecc i\'Cd his enice ~rec1al. I"

S.\BDEN.- Owi11g t.o the kindness of an anonymous

~ l r. Roland Jennings, :\1. P . , decJarino- open the

econd Roadside Hut of the Darlington Di\'ision. On hi left are upt. 1\1. Fletcher and County Officer ]. \V. Walker. .t Glo\'cr" hield. Supt. Gray. in accepting the offer, cordially thanked Mr. Glonr.The ~ ocial wa brOlwht to a St1cce fLl! conelu ion hy singing the rational nthem.

No. VI. District. DARLINGTor-\.ne\\' completely equipped First Aid lIut, the property of .the Darlington Diyi ion, was opened ~)y :\1r. Roland Jennmgs, :1I.P.} at Great ycliffe. This 1$ the second hut of this Di \·i ion.

\ 1~

FIR S T

The reremony \\ a pre ided O\'cr by .\cting-Commi sioner J. \\'. \\'alker, who \\'as supported by Canon Paterson, \-icar of Aycliffc, Police Supt. Juhn 'o n, Councillor T. D. Hinks, Dr. c.~. tne n on, 1\Ir. A. Elliott. ~lr~ .\. \ ' . Richlb)' and reprcscntatin's of the Da rlington Rural Council. ~'upt. ~r. Fletcher (Darling-ton Di\'ision) tated that the Durham County Council hac! refused penni ion to han' (he hut placed on the gra ycrg-e 0 f the road . ~lr. H. Taylor. of the g:aragc. Aycliffe, ho\\'e\'er. 011 hearilH?,' ot the position had placed the land \\ here the hut no\\' stood at their dispo aL ~lr. Tenning' then declared the hut open and hoped that the · Durh~m Coullty Council will next time gin eyery enco uragement. A !11essag'e was rLad from :\1r. F. p, \\'il '011 . COUIlt\' Commi' ione~ . \"ho \\'a unable to be present. He congratulated the Darlington Di\'i ion on the opening of their 'ccond hut. ,\ fter the cere111ony, tea was eryed by lady helpers, \\'hl) \\'ere thanked on the propo ition of County Officer J. \\T. \\'alker. seconded by Dr. C. S. SteYCllson. :\IIDDLESBROl'GII.-COl1 Ilty C0111mi sioner F. P. \\ 'il'oll, J.P., accompanied hy County Officer J. \\'alker) inspected the ~Iid(l1esbroug-h Central Diyi'ion 011 October 20th and pre ented the Long Sen'ice :\Iedal to Pte. H. L. Taylor, and the re-examination award to the members of the Divi ion. :\ot the lea. t important eyent of the elening ,,'a the re ult of the Private' Efficiency Competition, and the presentation of the cup and prizes by the Commissioner. The competition should be of interest to every member of the Brigade as it \\'as arranged to co\'er e\'erything \yhich counts for per onal efficiency. ).Iarks \\'erc a \\ arded for the follo\\'ing: Practical Test) Oral Te t, Cniform, Attendance. and Subscriptions. ).Iembers not yet po c ing uniform were allowed the aye rage of uniform mark. Those on hift work \\'ere allowed, for thc purpose of the competition, to count an attendance. and t hose who were unfortunate enough to be unemployed \\'ere allowed full marks for subscriptions. The subscription and attendance sections ,,",ere worked on a percenta(Ye basis. thus allowing a workable margin. r, The standard O\'er the whole competition was remarkable, and as this i to be an annual event the Divi ion can only continue to improve in efficiency.

No. VIII. (Duke of Connaught's ) District. SnEERxEsS.-The Annual Inspection, Isle of Sheppey Ambulance, Nursing and Cadet Divisions) was held on \\-ednesday, October 18th) at the Ambulance Headquarters, Sheerness. Assistant Commissioner ~Iajor \\'. II. F. Koble, accompanied by District Officer T. Potts alld Lady District Officer ~Iiss May. Di\'isiona1 Officers in attendance \\'ere Supt. H. Rayner Catt, Amb. Officer A. O. Reece) Transport Officer \\'. A. Rudel, Cadet- 'upt. \Y. Brett, Lady Supt. Mrs. A. Jenner, Lady Amh. Officer ~Iiss K. Sutton, and Lady Supt. ~Irs. J. Stocker (Reserve). Each Division \-\'ere put through varying tests and cxaminations by the Inspecting Officer \Vho, when addressing the parade, congratulated them on their smart appearance and efficiency. District Officer Potts also added a word of prai e, . Meritorious Service :'Iedals \Vere presented to Lady DIY. Supl. 11rs. Jenner, Lady Amb. Officer :'I1is K. utton, and Am h. ister ~I rs. A. Lo·wry.

A I D.

N OVCtTI ber, 1933. November, 1933.

FIRST

119

A I D.

No. IX. District. BRIXII.\'~L-" A new Di\ isioll oi the Sl. Tohn mlll1 lance Brigade ha ' been formed at fhixham \~' here it will \\'ork in conjunction \\ith the Torhay Ii ichoal, turning out \\'hC11C\'CI' the lifehoat rccei\'l's a call. and ~tandinl!.' hy to giyc first aid to any among the ship\\ recked 0'1' Ii [eboat cre\\' who lllay come ashore inj urccl. "For a numhcr of ycars there has hCl'n \,ny rlos / en-operation bet\\Cn the- li[ehoat station and th~' Inca l Di\ i ' ion of thc 51. John Ambulance Brigade at Plymouth , \\ here the Drigadl.!·s County Commis. ioner fnr ])e\'ol1 deal pcr 'onal1y with all shipwreck calls. 11a. l>L'cn out in the lifeboat on sen'ice to g:iye aid to a 111iln \\ ho \\'i\ " known to he injured, ancl has instructed the Ii iehoat ClT\\ in fir t aiel. It \\a a. a res\1lt of the propn als of tl1l' Deyon Commi sioner that thc amc system of co operatio n wa extended in 1926 to the majority of the liichoa t tation , \\'hich work in conjunction \\ ith the ~t. Joh n Amhulance Brig-ade and thc Dritish Red ern"5 -'aCid) ill Eng-laml ancl \Vall's. and \\ ith thc Sl. .\n<lrl'\\,'s A111hu lance ,\ ssnciation in Sent land."-(T:xtru( { fro/ll tile St f -

{elllber isslIC of tilt' official jOlll'llul vI ti,e I?()yul Nuli(lJld U/cbvul IIISlilllliulI.) P ,\IGXTON.-The <\nnl1al Inspcctitll1 ni the Paig'ntl) Jl Di"i ion took place in the Public Hall ()J1 :\m emher 211<1 The in pecting officcrs \\ ere County Snrg-coll \ "enn [)\111 n and A si tant COllnty COl11Jllisioner T1. J. Vick. Th L parade \\'a under 'upt. C. \\'. I [ingstolJ and :\m1>, Officer Buckland. Di\'. Surgeon Adams mentioned a ~el1L'lllL' which h~ld originated at Torbay Hospital to pro\ ide hlood traiL fusion facilities in the TorllCl\' arca. 1t was l1l'(l.~an' tl haye donors of hloo<1 rcadil\' -acec-sible. and hL thl rdoH im' ited members of the brigade to yolunll'er.

No. X. Di.strict. F .\.KE~lL\1\L-Dr. C. K ..\rthur (ni\'i~i(llJal , ur:':-l'o1l 1 pre icled at the Eight!l Annual DinllL'r oj the Fah'nhan Diyision held on "'cdncsda\', OctohLr 27th, ~Ir. F. Andrew propcl.~c1 the toast III " The 1)1\ i-.ltlll and assured the membcrs that their \\ ork was grl<lll) appreciated hy the pcoplL in the to\\11 and district. upl. C. D. Andrc\\ s, ill reply, aid that thc) met \\,Il h a good deal of criticim when the .\mblllance \\ as started. but they nov\' anraged fin ca c per \\eek. The Di\'isio l and the Ryburg-h Section had ohtained 100 pCI' CLnt. pas l in the examinations, ",hich sjloke \\el1 for the kctlln ginn by Dr. Arthur. Amb. Officer R llipkin al n respunded, Staff Sergt. and TIon. ecretary A, \\'. J fall pr()p()sed "The Visitors" to which ,ir Ceoq.;e Eel\\ arcl'i and tIll Re\,. E. F. ~Iori on repl icc! ill prais \\ orthy terms. Gi\'ing the toat of the "])i"i ional Surp:eon," Scrgt A. K, Doy aiel that Dr. Arthur pareel no efforts j. teaching- the members their duties, Tn l1is lectures Dr Arthur had shown that he had the happy knack of in' parting- knowledge without 110ring- his listener, ane! ht had sho\\'n his generosity hy pre cnling a splenclid clull' room to the Di\' ision. Til his response Dr. Arthur remarked that the memlll r" in thei r spare time had carried out cleaning and paintin ,., work at the club-room. LOWESTOFT.-A succe sful year's work \Va reported ' t the Annual Meeting of the Lowestoft L.l .E.R. Divisiol1, at which the President (Mr. ]. R. Stamp) presided. The Secretary (Mr. W. G, Elsey) recorded that the 30 candidates at the Annual Examination all passed. The "c hac! been no seriolls accidcnts, but a large number of minor cases had heen (lttendecl by memhers, whose prom pt

action prc\'Clltec1 -criol1s conscquences developil1g in somc ill'itan ccs. It \\ as stated thal thl: lcam had won thl: 1 orwieh J jist rict Officers' Challeng'e Shicld for the third succcssivl' year, anc! that gold medal awarded Ill' the rail\\ay IOJl1pa l1,)' for Ion!!,' ser\'ice had hcen \\'on by :'Ilr. ]. Crisp ~IS YLars), .\lr. A. Lake (20 year,,), and ~Ir. C. \rVilkills 5 yl ars), hrin~'lng the 1ll1mher oi medalists in thc Di\'i, wll III eight.

The Royal Life Saving Society. CO.'T It\ll~l.

our answers to que tion , a taken from the BronzE' :'Iledallion standard of the 0 iet} 's examination, +ho'ic dealing with the Phyi ology of till' Circula~ion, Respi ration and Rcsuscitation are taken from the chapter of til' hanJbu.:>\..: written hy Profesor Sir Edward Sharpey.'thafer, F. R ... , H ead of the Physiological Department of I,Jl nburgh l' nin:r':iity. QucstiLln 2-f. Of \\ hal usc is the muscle \\'all hct\\ecn tlIe thorax and lh~' abd(1l11l'n in n()nnal hn:athing:-- Gi\'c its ".llll e. .\nSwl'r. - J n ordinary in..,piratiull \ err fe\\' J1lu'icles are (.tll d into acti\ it). The most importanl-J1lUsck of respirati>n i'i the diaphr.lgl11, thL' fibrl's t)f \\hith ll)I1\Crge upwards I a !lat, t Ildinou~ laYL'r which occupie its ccntre ; the con\ 'rg illg- fibres arc cuncd \\ ith their com exit \ towards the I t racic cavity, \\ hich g-i\ L'~ a Jl)l11c-,>hapc- to the whole fJ1u'> llc. This cun e hecollle ... straig-htened out when the f'lre s contract and the !lat tendon i. Jra\\,11 dt)\\'n at the me timl' tl1\\anls the ahdolllL:n ; in thi wa) the depth of th tho racic cn\ it) i... iner aSld, i. e., it 11I.'comcs enlarged fr 111 abO\'c do\\ 11. Que tion 25. \\'ha ~ cau , es air to enter the lungs durin in piration? /\ns wer. - - The air is cau. ed to pass intt\ and i expelled fr 111, the ah'cl)li by tIll: movements of re piration, which alll'rna tely produce enlargement and Jiminution in the ize ~f the chest. ince the lung-.., ar k pt in contact with thc mOL'r surface of the che~t by atmo pheric pressure they are t'ompe lled to folIo\\' ever) variation in its ize. Therefore, when the che t expands and it nl\ it)' enlarge, the lung .11 0 expand; when the ch t diminishe in ize the lungs h '0111e small r. ' The change in capacity of the chest are brought about 11) th e muscles of respiration aided by the ela tic properties Clt he ches.t \\'all ; lht.: lun g- follow the e chan(l'es pa si\·ely. 9u.est,lon 26. \\'hen and how docs the composition of tlte ai r In the lungs c hange ? .\ nswer.-The air in the alveoli, which furni he') oxygen ~n the blood and receive carbonic acid gas from the bio"-'od, IS no t pure atmo ph('ric air, \\'hich con ists in 100 parts of 7c). (1f nitrogen, 21 of oxygen and a mere trace of carbdnic aC.ld gas. The" tidal air" ha this composition, but 1l1~1lg-les in the air-passag-es and al\'eoli (or air sacs) with a 1111 xt ure of ga. es already there containing considerably less o.·}ge n and more carbonic acid g-as ; so that when breathed ou\again it.is fo~nd to contain, in 100 parts, 16 of oxygen (5 l'lrts havlng dIsappeared) and 4 of carbonic acid gas, the ]1t'r ' entage of nitrogen being unaltered. . Question 27.-What body changes gi\'e rise to expimtlOn? What do the lungs contain after an expiration? .\ nswer.-Expiration is ordinari ly broucrht about by' the el ~ . as t".IC1ty of the vvalls of the chest and of the lung, vVhile l~l S\ I.ration is an active muscular movement, normal expiration IS passive and is produced by elastic reaction, But it tna) be assisted by the contraction of the internal interfoshls and by the - muscles of the abdominal wall. If the tler cont ract they comp ress the abdom in a l viscera a~ainst t le un der surface of the diaphragm a nd force this upwards,

thus diminishing the capacity of the thorax and driving air out of the lungs. In so-called forced breathing, which occurs if there is any obstruction in the air passages, or other serious interference with respiration, many more muscles come into action both for raising and depressing the ribs. By a forced expiration about litres (1500 e .c.) can be expelled, but a remainder is left which cannot be breathed out; this is termed" residual air" and amounts to about 1,000 c.c. Question 28.-What is asphyxia? \Vhat visible changes occur during asphyxia? What general remedy would you apply? Ans\.\'er. -If there is any obstruction to respiration the amount of oxygen in the alveolar air becomes greatly reduced and the amount of carbonic acid gas greatly increased so that the blood takes up too little oxygen and gives off too little carbonic acid gas. As a result carbonic acid gas accumulates in the blood and, since the nen-ous centre for respiration in the medulla oblongata is stimulated by carbonic acid gas, the respirations become greatly increased in depth and force. The condition is known as dyspnoeawhich means" difficult breathing." Should the obstruction contin ue the excess of carbonic acid gas in the blood eventually causes paralysi of the respiration centre j breathing then. tops and asphyxia is produced. The heart may continue beating for a short time after the respirations ha\'e eea ed, hut ',\ ill also SOOI1 top and unless repirations is resumed death results . The most obvious signs of asphyxia are lividity of the skin, e peciallyof the face, and intense swelling of the great veins, e pecially those at the base of the neck. The most C0l111110 11 \\'ay in \.\·hich asphyxia is caused are obstruction of the air-passages as in strangulation and drowning-, and an electric shock po\\'erful enough to cause paralysis of the respiratory centre. In these cases artificial respiration, if applied In time, may effect restoratiDn ~1Y introd.ucing a supply of air into the lung, so that oxygen I taken Into the blood and excess of carbonic acid gas re11100·ed. Question 29. -A person is lifted out of the water and gi\'el~ on~r to your charge. \Vhat would you do if breathing had ceased? Answer.-Col11mence resuscitation at once. As soon as the body of the apparently dro\\'ned per on is removed from the water it must be placed at once in a prone position, back upwards, on the nearest Rat surface, the head turned a little to o~e s~de and the arms laid irwards. To perform artificial respIratIOn place yourself on one side of the patient facing the head, in a full kneeling position, with knee and hips bent. Put your hand on the small of the patient' back, the wri ts nearly touching, the thumbs as near each other as possible without strain and the fingers passing over the loins on either side, but not spread out. Then bending your ~)~dy fror;t the knees and some\vhat straightening the hip ~Oll1ts S\.\'lIlg slowly forward so that the weight of your body IS conveyed to your hands. No exertion is required, the necessary pressure is imparted by the "'eight of your body.

NOTE. - The Central Exec u ti\'e of the Royal Life Sa\'inoSociety will always be pleased to arranO"e for a Lecturer t~ \'isit any Unit of the St. John AJ11bulan~e Association, or am' similar organisation to give Lectures and Demonstrations;f the~r methods of Saving Life from Drown ing and the app licatio n of the Schafer Method of R es uscitation. Full partic ulars can be obtained frol11 the Chief Secretary, 8, Bayleytreet, L ondon, W. C.1.

Ir. A. B. Hindson a member of the Sou th Shields Borough Di\'ision, S.] .A, B., obtained first place in the examinat ion for the fina l certificate of the l edico Phych olog ical As ociation .

FIR S T

1:20

A I D.

Przory for Wales. IMPORTANT ApPOINTME 'TS.

Ir. Enoch i\lorrell, C.B.E., Director of Ambulance, presided at the meeting of the Ambulance Committee of the Priory for "Vales, held in the Priory Room, Law Courts, Cardiff, on londay, October 23rd, which \\'as followed by the Council with Colonel H. E. 1. Lindsay, C. B., Treasurer for "Vales, in the chair. Before proceedi ng with the business, reference was made to the removal cf four eminent names from the Roll of the Order, since the last meeting, owing to tbe lamenled death of the following mem bers :Colonel Sir Joseph Bradney, C. B., Commander (21. 7.33). Dr. Samuel Hamilton, Kni~bt of Grace (30.7.33). Lieut.Colonel \V. Bickerton Edwards, C.B.E., Knight of Grace (28.9.33). Major-General the Lord Treowen, C. B., c.l\1.G., Knight of Grace (18.10.33). Sanction \,"as given to the registration of Ambulance Divisions at Erwood, Llangammarch Wells, Pontsticill, Talgarth and Talyllyn in the Brecknock~hire Centre; the Cwm Cynon Colliery Division, Aberdal'e Centre, and Blackmill, Glamorgan County Centre; and Cadet Units at Clydach (Brecknockshire) , Chirk (Denbigh~hire), LlangYIIwyd and Treforest (Glamorgan County). Lady Lewis, O. B. E., the Assistant Lady Supt.-in-Chief for \Vales, was complimented on her completion of twenty years' sen'ice to the Brigade, and so qualifying for a bar to the Service Medal of the Order. Two important nominations for appointment as Surgeonin-Chief for v\ ales and Assistant Surgeon-in-Chid for Wales met with the unanimous approval of the large and representative attendance; and the na mes of Lieut.-Colonel J. E. H. Davies, D.S.O., J\1.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., a Knight of Grace of the Order and member of the Priory Chapter, who had the honour of commanding the 130th St. John Field Ambulance during the Great \Var, and Dr. David Rocyn Jones, C.B.E. , a Representative Knight of Grace on Chapter who has been actively identified with the work of the Priory since its inception, have since received the approval of the Sub-Prior, acting on behalf of the Prior. The Principal Secretary (the Hon. John H. Bruce) drew attention to the desirability of securing the training of conductors and drivers of public service vehicles in first aid, in view of the large proportion of a ccidents occurring on the highway, and outlined a scheme for creating and stimulating interest in this direction. As an initial step it was suggested that all road transport undertakings should be urged to encourage still further their staffs to take up ambulance work, and lhat the Priory organise a Welsh National Ambulance Transport Competition in which every undertaking could be invited to enter a team. Cardiff might well give a lead to Wales in connection with such a competilion and it was noted with great satisfaction thal an ambulance class for employees of the Corporation tramways and omnibuses had been started with the patronage and support of Mr. Wm. Forbes, the General Manager of that Department. The Committee agreed to continue the assistance offered to promote the formation of classes for the unemployed, on which the report submitted, showed development in eleven Centres. A resolution passed by the Glamorgan County Centre Committee was submitted, urging the Priory to use its influence with the proper authori ~ ies towards the provision of first aid appliances at seaside resorts j and this matter will be the subject of discussion at a public meeting to be held at Port:,cawl, which Sir William Cope, Bart., K.C., had promised to address on November 29th.

Other nominati.::ns unanimous appro\'ed were those of Lieut.-Col. E. J. Trevor Cory, O.B.E., Ho pilaller of BridO'end and Member of til Ophthalmi Hospital Committ~ of the Order, as a representative Knight of Grace on Chapter-General j and of Sir Henry E. E. Philipp, Bart., as Member of Council and As istant Commander of lebech, these offices being held formerly by th late Colonel W. J. Bickerton Ed wards, C. B. E. BORDER COUNTIES U ITE FOR INSPECTION. For the first time in the historv of the \Vebh Priorr, the Commissioner for \Vales inspected Units attached to an English District of the Brigade at Oswcstry 011 ctober Hth, when Lady Perrott, R.R.C., Lady upt.-in-Chief, inspected the Nursing Divisions. .. ._ The occasion was the annual II1spectlOn of the ~o. I District, in which several of the \Velsh Countie _ were formerly included; and it was very appropriate and indicative of the closest harmony exis ting betwc n the Priory and the Grand Priory that two of the e, \·iz ., Dcnbigh hire and l\lontgomeryshire, shoulL! ha\'e been ill\ ited by the Commis ioner, Dr. R. L. E. Downer, to parti c ipate. About 250 men and women att nd ed the parade; and vVelsh representatives present included Lord and Lad y Harlech, who take considerable interesl in thc Il11WCmcnt in l\lerionethshire- Lord Harlech ha\'ing ju t promised a trophy for competition in that ounty j Dr. . E. Salt , Commissioner for Denbighshire, and Dr. R. D. Thomas , Commissioner for ~lontgomery hire. It is boped it may be po sible to arrange a 'imilar join t inspection next year on \Nel h ground - probably at PO\\'is Castle or Chirk Castle. REDUCTION IN A:-'IBULANCE HIRE IIAIH.ES. At the quarterly meeting of the ;\[otor l\l11hulan ce Transport Sub-Committee of the Priory for Wales, at which the Director of Transport, Professor George Knox, pre sided, the charges in operation since June 1931, when certain reductions were agreed, were avai n revi ewed , and it was decided to drop the rate of hire from 1/ 6 to 1/ 3 per mile for the out ward and rcturn journey, while for distances of above 100 mile the charge will be reduced to 1/ - per mile. The minimum fee of 10 6 and waiting time at 5/ - per hour or any proportion will remain the same. This decision will not materially affect the finances of tbe Priory as, owing to the increasing demands for concessions on compassionate grounds, slight reductions had beG:ome the rule rather than the exception. The public is inclined to regard an ambulance service as a vital necessit} of the times without concern for its maintenance; and it is not uncommon for those who call on the ambulance to express surprise that the hire charges are higher than ordinary taxi fares. The majority of the calls made upon the Prioryambulances are those of the regular subscribers- Colliery Companies at the rate of one shilling per annum, and Workmen's Lodges and other bodies of men at the rate of one penny per member per week; while large numbers of th e general public are also covered in many districts on th e latter basis. The Priory has attained a high degree of efficiency i n its service of ambulances operating in the South Wal es coalfield; the cars embody all the latest improvements to ensure comfort, and the whole-time drivers are all qualified ambu lance men. The cases carried and mileage travelled in the Priory

FIRST

, Tovem ber, 1933.

November, 19.33.

oars during 1932 totalled 8,070 and 166,4-+6 respectively. shown appreciable .increases in each . lccessive year's report; and the follOWing returns for the ~itrst three quarlers of the present year indicate similar pro..rress will be recorded for 1933 :Mileage Cases 43, 354~ 2, 16 7 i\la rch Quarter H,863 2,156 June " 47,083 2,272 September, ,

~he figures have

Total

6,592

135,300t

A NUAL INSPECTION OF S\vA~SEA UNITS . The annual inspection and field day of the Brigade in til Swan ea entr, wa') held at the Clydach Merthyr C lI iery Divi ion Headquarter, on Sunday, October 22nd, wh en tile Centr Officer pre ent included the Commissioner, Dr. U rban Mark j lr. Hugh . Cann, r\ sistant Commis-;io ne r; Starr mc r \V. H. Fi her and John Evans, a.nd L dy Staff nicer :'Ilr . L Gwynne j and a number of InOU l.Iltial supporter of the l\lovement. About three hundred an d 11fty took part in the parade which in.cl~de~ the Clyd~ch \1 rt hyr Di\'ision to which belong the dl tinctIOn of haVIng the la rg- s t member hip of any Unit in \-Vales. . .. .\ ~uard of honour of representatives ~f ~Il the DlvlsTlOns Wci S fo rmed for the arrival of the CommIsSIoner for \\ ales (the Hon. John H. Bruce), \\'ho conducted the inspe~tio.n .ln d a fter the march pa t addre ed the parade. He aId It \ 'r! - a n in piring- fact that sine a year ago the numbers had one up br 130 men and the Oi\ ic.;ion r sponsible ,va the 'Iydac h ~ierth) r. La t year tllP)' were -l9, but t?-day tl:ey nU '1l be rcd 20 and a hundred of the . e were eqUipped WIth un:fo rm. 1t \Va. a phenomenal increase, and put the Divii >l1 in the front rank as the biggest in \-Vales. They rla inly deserved to be congratula~ed and than~~ were due to 1\ lr. R. Vaughan Price for the n e of t1.1 t nit. !here re three thing-s '" ential to put wansea 111 front. FIrstly, thl' \' hould form a entre olllmittee j secondly, tbey had n) Corp ; and \\'ith their increa ed trenglh it wa ti~e for the m lo can . ider whether one or t\\'o Corp would assist the w r k in gi\'ing- chance of promotion to yo.unger men.. The th ird point was the lack of boy and girl Cadets In the l' ' nt re . and the sand of lim were running out as far as 'he Pil~rim Tru~t was concerned, £-+,000 having been sp nt in this dir ction but none in Swansea. Dr. Crban :'Ilarks thanked the Commi sioner for his .ldl ress and pre ent d warrant of appointment, assi ted by irs. Varley, in the ab ence of Lady Lewis.

Detailed Marking Sheet, No. 41. IND)\'!T)UAL TESTS. BI!:ARERS Nos. 1 AND 2.-You lWo are on the front atb seaside when you see thiS boy, about 20 yar~s off, pla):. g- with a clasp knife, which he suddenly drops With a yell of P[ '11 . You note that blood is streaming from a deep wound in h is right calf. You know there is a first ai? box and 'rhone in a pavilion nearby. No one else 1 present. Wea ther, dull and dry. Time limit, 7 minutes. DETAILS OF TEST. 2 J ,lsten to boy; give prompt support and 2 h1 mediately lay boy on back j raise righ~ leg 2 Ask colour of blood (bl'igM 1'ed and sjml'hng) 3 Im mediate digital compressio n right femoral ,2 Bea rer hurries to pavilion for equipment ... 2 Encouraging words to boy ... ... 5 Correct and rapid application of tourniquet 3 Relax digital compression; expose wound 3 Iodi ne own fingers and wound; allow dry 2 Clean dry dressing j pad and bandage firmly 3 1'l!ep foot raised j loosen clothing ... 2 Relax tourniquet (hcemordzage re-starts) 1 Re-tighten tourn iquet j ask result

A 10.

121

(JUDGE: Boy appears to have fainted). 4 Immediately elevate both lower limbs 2 Keep head on one side 2 Wrap well in blanket 4 Smelling salts to nose; friction to upper limbs Remove to pavilion by human stretcher . . . Lavon couch with legs well elevated .. . - (J UDGE : Doctor arrives and takes charge.) 2 Report to doctor; ask instructions 5 Co-operation and efficiency of Bearers 60 Total BEARERS Nos. 3 A '0 -+.-Late one fine and cold night you two close up your shop and proceed home.. You p~ss a night-watchman in his box on a road undergoll1g repairs, and are rather surprised at not receiving any response to your repeated greetings. Noone else is in sight. There!s a bright street-lamp near the box; and the nearest house IS 100 yards away. You know first aid applian~es a?d . a 'phone are at the shop, which is 20 yards off. TIme lImIt, 7 minutes. ~OTE FOR ]UDGE.-Patient should be seated, huddled up, inside of a three-fold screen to represent the watchman's box, Coke-fire close to his feet. Face blue. Dark red patch from inner side of left calf down into boot. Garters \\'orn. DETAILS OF TEST . Immediately go to box 3 Speak; then shout; then sh2ke patient (no response) Ora w coke-fire clear of box Feel pulse at wrist (hardly discemible) Note respiration " Note colour of face (blue) Immediately remove patient out of box ... ... Lay flat on ground and examine air passages (all clea1) Turn patient on to face Arti ficial respiration by One Bearer (I minute) Other goes to shop for first aid box (2 minutes) And 'phone doctor come to shop (yes; 5 minutes) On return of respiration, friction of limbs N ow note dampness of left trouser leg .. . Expose seat of injury (burst 7)aricose ve'z.'n) .. . Digital pressure without contaminating wound Raise lower limb j loosen garter Iodine own fingers and wound; allow dry Apply firm pad and bandage on wound ... Apply bandage firmly between wound and ankle knee W~tch le~t breath'i~g ag~in fails Loosen clothes; cover warmly j smelling salts Removal to shop by human stretcher JUDGE: Doctor arr-ives and takes charge. 4 Co-operation and efficiency of Bearers 60 Total BEARER No.5. -Give fully the treatment for Hremorrhage from the Nose and reasons for each stage. Time limit, 3 minutes. DETAILS OF TEST. 3 Place patient sitting LO lessen heart's action ... In current of air before open window to guard against 3 syncope 3 With head slightly back to elevate bleeding part And hands above head to assist return of blood to 3 heart Undo tight clothing round neck and chest to permit 3 free breathing Apply cold to nose and spine at level of collar to con3 tract blood-vessels and diminish bleeding ... 3 Place feet in hot water to draw blood into lower limbs 3 Tell patient breathe through mouth to rest injured part 3 Tell him not to blow nose lest clot disturbed .. . 3 Promptness of answers 30 Total

FIRST

122

A I D.

N ovem be r, 1933.

Rat!way Ambulance News. Great Western. POXTYPOOL Ro.\o.-The Pontypool Road Ambulance Cia held their nnual Dinner at the Ambulance Hall on the e\'ening of October 30th, when ~1r. J. F. Lean, Principal A i tant to the General Manager, \\"a the O'uest of honour. ~1r. Tre\'or Roberts) Di\,. Supt., presided., and \\a supported by Mr. A. G. E. Fudge, Deputy Commi'ioner for \\-ale , Re\,. R. E. Seaton. Rector of ~1amhi lad, Captain . T. Beard, O.B.E.: Commi sioner for ~1onmonth hire, officers of the G.\Y.R. and other local gentlemen. The chairman, \Yelcoming the gue t , referred to the ke en interest taken by ::\1r. Lean ami officer of the COIllpany in the ambulance 1l10\'ement. The winning of the Inter-Railway hield by the POl1typool Road team \ya . a ource of pride to them all. :;\Ir. Lean, \yho pre entLd long en'ice medal, congratulated the cia ) both on thei r .. talwart ," and on their fine recruitment of ne\y men. Cia ~ awards were distributed by ~1r. Roberts and ~1r. Blackall, and pre entations on behalf of the cia \\'e re made to :"1essrs. Ball and Richard (secretary and in 't ructor respectiyely). ).Ir. A. Griffith (Captain of the Pontypool Road team), returnin o,thanks for congratulations, said the team \\'as greatly indebted to their lecturer, Dr. T. "McAllen. They regarded it as a great honour to haye won the shield, but their main object was not the winning of the trophy. It \\'as an equally great honour to be able to deal with an actual emergency. ),l.\LL HEATII.-An interesting item in the annual concert of the Small Heath class was the inclusion of a film featuring the Small Heath Diyision) S.J.A.B.) photographed and directed by Dr. P. G. D. Quintet. The f~nction, which \Va held at the Dawson Hall, was preslded oyer by Ur. T. Blea (station master) and awards were distributed by Mr. C. Rayner Smith, who remarked on the fact that the class. now numbering 150) had in creased its membership by 50 per cent. since the la ·t session. Presentations \\'e re made to Dr. VV. O. Foster Sinclair (lecturer) and :'1essrs. A. Atkins and ]. A. Cooper (secretary and instructor re pectinly) on behalf of the class. \VEST E.\LING.-A successful gathering took place at \-Vest Ealing on October 26th, when J\Ir. R. H. Nicholls, ex-Supt. of the Line, presented awards to members of his late staff, and other class awards 'w ere distributed by 11 r. H. D. Ander on and 1\1r. A. R. :'Ii II s. Mr. W. T. :'1inns, station master, presided oyer the function, and \vas supported by :'1r. C. T. Cox. (Asst. Diy. Supt.) who complimented the class on its 100 per cent. sllccesses) and wished it continued success, TOTNEs,-The Mayor of Totncs (Mr. C. H. Niles) attended at Totnes station on Octobcr 25th to present awards to the railway class. 11r.]. F. Anstey, Asst. Diy. Supt., Plymouth, was in the chair. The Mayor referred to the importance of ambulance work in all spheres of Ii fe, and said that in his own experience, in addition to its practical Yalue, he had found it a study of the greatest interest. A short report of the progress of the movement in the Plymouth Division was given by 1\1r. R. G. odder (di\'. ambulance secretary).

C.>\ERPIIILLY.-The Ii \'e lIotel, Caerphilly, \\'as the scene of the Annual Dinner and prl'~<:ntation of ,mart!: to the Caerphilly amhulance cia s, \\'h if',h took place on the e\'ening of October 21st, when j\Ir T. Le\\ i", tation ma tel', occupied the chair. j\[ r. C. T. I rurry Riche:>. Di\'. Loco. upt., who di tribuled tile a\\ anI-;, (and wa". in the cour e of thc proceeding, him elf prc<;ented \\ ith his label) referred to the progrc s of the ambulance mon:I11cnt on the Grcat \Yestern RaIlway and the facilitic. afforded by the Company. )'1r. Limbrick, class secretarY. ga\'e a brief re ume of the work of the cIa onr II)l pa t e ion, \\'hen 100 per cent. cxamination Sllccessc..; had been gained. He wa proud of the iact Ihat SI'\: oj the members had collectiHly oyer 1-+0 :) car.;; amhulanc sl:ryice to their creelit. (~()Id efficil'nC'\' llledaJ:... and har Wl'ft' included in the prl·sl'l1tati()n..;. ' 1..'

London, Midland and Scottish. DucKBcRx.-The cup, which has beell ~i\'l'l1 1)\' the titian by Blackburn ambulance Illen. \\ a - flmnalh' h,~ndl'd Company's Officers in the HlackhurJ1 District f()~ comlll'over by )'1r. 'ayer, lation master, 011 hL'hali oj tIll' donors to Col. J .• Peck, Di ·trict Eng-J11l'L'r 011 Octu1>t:r 19th \\·hen the fir t competition \\'a helel. The Blackburn Goods Department team took fir t pl.lcc. with tIll Engineers i\ o. 1 team econd. Engineer~ :\" o. ~ team third. and the Blackburn Traffic team fourth. '1 hL' hi~h stan dard of efficiency hO\\,11 \\a..; cnllll11entl'd lin by thl' jl1d~' l" Dr. G. B. Messenger. The point tre sed hy all !:>Jleahrs was till' I1lCl";"II) for increased member hip and a rellcwal ui intl rest hy those who had qualified, but had since dropped the work . 11r. Stoker, in presenting the Cup to the \\'illllill~ team, made an encouraging speech. 1\1r. R. Park expressed the thanks of the memhers to the donors for the gift and also to :'1r. and ),f r.. ,'toker and the officials present for their upport. Amongst those present v,ere 11r. Lang, District Block Inspector, Blackbunl, anel :\Ir. Jo ephs, Road :'[o(nr Department, Blackburn, T.

c.\RNI"ORTJL-Thc anllual Suppcr and prl'sl'ntation of awards of the Carnforth Amhulance Class look place ,ll the County Hotel recently. The proccedings \\ l'fe preided over by 11r. J. c. Darby hire, supported hy ::\Ie srs. . Cooke; J. R. Lomas; A. Hindmarsh; 11. lIug'hes; \\' Swarbrick, Chairman of Di trict Committee, and \\'. J. Hetherington, Class Secretary. lr. Cooke, in presenting the awards, congratulated the class on its 100 pcr cent. success and hopeel that it would soon reali se its ambition to bring- onc of the Challenge Shields to Carnforth. A presentation of an all electric wireless receiver was made to Mr. R. C. Unsworth, the late District Ambulance Secretary, who only gayc up the position on 'h is transfer to Preston. In making the presentation, 1\1r. Swarhrick spoke in glowing terms of ]'I, I r. Un worth's sen'ice. The gift was subscribed by ambulance memhers and heads of departments in the o. 22 Di trict . lr. Unsworth, ill accepting the set, thanked the donors for it and for the many good things which had heen said abo ut him .

overn ber, t 933.

FIR S T

f)ll[)LI~Y PORT,- The annual presentation o[ a\\'arcls t()ok place ill the J )ucllcy Port Schools) Tipton) last 1110nth. There WCl a large attendance of the stafr r rom the: area and proceedings \\ ere presided over by the District Goods .\ianage r, :'1 r. S. Roberts, supported by ~r r. ./. F. Brook, '\Ir .. \ . 1 faslil()\\ (Director of Education for Tipton), )'lr. J fal1l'uc k (Class Secretary). Dr. \V. 11unioch (C1a~.., I.lctllrer). and many (lther local officers ancl station 1Il:t ~t crs. ~lr. Hohnts, in his opcning- spL'ech, rl'fcrrcd to till' Ilumber oj quallhed all1bulallce llH.' 11 ill thl' L.-:\L,'. sen'ice a'id appea led to those mcmhers \\ho had allowed their JIltcrL':-.t to flag. t() take lip the \\ork Clg-ain. lIe rl'ferrccl "btl to the district cOl11pl'litiol1s and wished the Dudley j'n:'t tc.lI n llccess In its efforts. ,\Ir. IIa-liIO\\ jollcJ\\ul and in the course of his ;1 ce h saJ(1 hc \\as (IJ appointed tn hcar ;:'Ifr. Robert:-' tate mL'l1t that Cl 11l11111>l'J' of first \'ea r ml'll had not carried 01' \!th the \\ork. ' (;I()\\'ill~' t ributl's III I he amblliallce sl'n'ice~ of :\1 r. J r \llc nck \\ ~'r~' paid hy ,\1 r. i{(lhnt" ill making a prlSl'lltati 1I1 tl) him ()j il tittL'd "lIitL';t<;l as a lllken 01 appreciatioll () hIS work 1)\' Ihe class J11lll1hl r. and I)i trict CommitteL'J'tll lin hi r:tirl'll1l'lJt ir()1l1 thl' C()ll1p<tn). '\Ir. rrallc()ck h d hL'l Il CIllllll'ctl'd \\' Itb Ill' 1)\1(111.'\' PI)rt Class sinc~' 14()', alJd \\:t .... a h"ldll- 1)1 till' [, .•\I.,s. longsen icc t.:old 'lltdal alJd har. and hat! it lJ(lt hl'l'n lor thl' \\ 'ar he \\;)ulel h, l' rt'll,j\'l'd tIll' l'CIliHI ha r. II h ";l'n,irl':> tn thl' ([mllll !<tlll'e 1l1O\'Cll1l'l!t "'LTC rl'cllt.:lli:;L'd h\' thl' (hell"r oi :-;: Jo: 11 in 1431 hy tbe prl'sl'Il'I:tlinn to' hiJl1 IIi IIlL' \ 'ellulll \ ·c oi Thank.. I Jr . .\llIrdol'h als!! "p"ke in l'lI1ogistic tl'r"h () i .\1 r. I I <I Ileod,·. work. ..\Ir. Ilanc(}ck slIitalJ!y rl' ''\lnllcll'd aJld !'-aid that alth ugh nn 1f)J1~l'r ill the C Jl1paJl) \ ~l'r\'icc.' he would ::1 !:6\'e hi!'- help [II the 1ltlell ry I'ort ('Ia ~_~ if his S\JCCl's (r \\Ollid .. Pllt Ill''' with hill1.

LE.Y!..Vf).-Thl· I.e\ i:lnd ambulancl' ll':1.1ll is to 11(' CIlII.s h il'ld ,. a COP Ptll1 ()II (k tll!ll:r 14th . Thh. hll'ld I Olll put tljl i( cflJlljll'titi!l ll hy till' (']'()rk) 1)1\1"'11111. ~.J .. \ I: .. allcl r w team..; l'1lJl1pl'tld. gr ,.tulaled Illl i t~ ~ucrl'- s ill \\ iIlll ilL. t hl .. S;t~il r

London and North Eastern. The annual J"eport for thl' es ion 1932-33 het no\\' been i- u'd. Owing to trade c(1nditions, 0.:c., the figures show a dt!CII'ClSC on the 1931-32 'lession of mer a thousand. Full particu lars are as follows :Centre COlllpetitlon C]a~~e, A\I'ard~ 11.] hl year reams Label Tota] 1nl N')rthe rn Scolli~h 13 73 98 bl 121 354 SOlti1e rn 42 47 425 39 270 666 1759 Gr~ It Central " 4, 49 146 138 211- 606 1104 Gre'lt Eastern 4X 30 121 132 217 583 1053 Gnat Northern 39 205 161 264 597 1227 52 J\l rth Eastern 46 122 -lOR 445 457 1322 2632 Tutals 1931 -32 Sessioll

226 326 1378 1372 1483 3905 8129 225 359 2003 2163 H3f 3560 9160 Cl)ld Medal and Bars: .\Iedals 20 years 25 years 30 years No! c.he rn Sc~)tli~h .~ 41 20 :1 Southern 143 109 42 17 Great Central" ... 131 58 15 1 Great Eastern 164 9S 37 7 Grrat Northern 92 38 17 4 t\orth Eastern 199 114 -+7 15 Totals

769

434

162

-+7

A I D.

123

SOUTHERN AREA, -

G. C.

SECTIO~ .

The Preliminary Competition for the C.c. Section Shield wa held at Ellesmere Road School) Sheffield, during the "veek ending November .+th. The Judge-Dr . K. II. BCHrley (Commander of the Order of St. John) of \Vor shro' Dale, placed thc first fi\'e teams as follow : 1, Dukinfield \\'o rks, 230 points; 2, Tuxford Loco .. 223; 3, Xe\\' Holland Ferry, 221; .+, Dean Rate, 210; 5, ::\1an,>field, 2()1. These teams will compete in the Final at ~1ary1ebone on December 8th, next. Forty-six team competed as against .+8 la t year; the work was of a high standard, and the member yery enlhusia tic. The keellne of thi • ection heing wcl1 maintained. NORTH-EASTERN AR EA .

On October 21st the Dun . ton class held their Annual Sll1okt:r at the Ro:) al Hotel, Gateshead, when :"1r. J. H. XI~'htin~alc pre ided, supported by Dr. A. Dougal (Lecturer), ::\lr. C. Corp. Staith upt., Capt. Geo. Jack~Iln. ),[1'. A. E. Arm . trong. )'1r. R. Peacock (Class Secreta ry). etc. . \t the intcn'al Capt. Geo. Jackson presented thl' Zl\\ ani and congratulated the class on it ucces " and wi . hed thcl11 CH'n hetter re lilt for the coming se . sion . :\[ r. -. Curps thanked apt. J ack~on for hi attendance ilnd spoke of the \\ onderiul g'()od \\'ork \\'hich the members n'ndercd at the • tai tho . ~ On Octoher 2.;th the Xewca tic Police C1as hel ti thei l' "\nnual Dance at the Gate head Railway Institute. whl'1l a large CW\yc! attended. At the interyal In pector Charlton pre idec\ and )'Ir. H. A. Butcher (station master), X C\\Tel ·tlc, pre ented the a \vards. Capt. Geo. Jackson, congratulated the cIa s on the re lilt.' and Q:a\'e some intl're ting- detail of the Centre' \york. Supt.]. Rodger ~ ahcl Dr. L. L. \\'('strope (Lecturer) to accept a motor rug' as a ,'Iig ht tohn of their appreciation of his work amollgst them. Dr. \\ 'e trope aid in reply it was al\\'ays a plLastlrl' to assist the Police and raihyay clas e . On Octoher 26th the 1\ C\\'ca tle Central Station Clas_ hl'lcl thei I' 111111al ocial at the County Hotel) \"hen 111 pector J. Butler presided and among t other pre ent were ::\1r. II. A. Butcher. (station ma ter), :\1r. T. C. Humphrey (ex- tation ma ter). ~Ir. and ::\1r5. E. F. \\·ilkinson. )'1r. F. E. Harri on . Dr. '.\T. H. Pallitt, :;\1r. )'1rs. and )'lis Armstrong, )'1r. G. ~1llrray, ::\1r. anJ )'1r .. ,\ . \\'right, Capt. Geo. Jack on, ~1r. G. Key (Cia' SecrL'lary). etc. Mr. Humphrey a 11 lIal arranged the musical programme which Jdighted the large audience At the inten'al .\Ir. Butcher regretted the 3bsence of his \\ile owing to illne s, but he would try to deputi 'e for her by pre enting the award ' . and he hoped to ee more of the work of the class in the coming es ion. )'1r. llumphrcy prL'sented to Dr. Pallitt a yery fine urgical attache ca e. not a to their Lecturer but a. to a "cry clear friend of eyery member of the class.. and he hoped that the Dr. might long be amongst them. Dr. Pallitt a ' urecl them he \'Cry mllch appreciated their prC' C'nt, but he g:an' lectures bccause he 0 \'e n ' Illuch enjoyed doing so. ami the very careful atteJltio~l they all paid to his words made it a real plea, lire to hI.' a 'sociated with them. Capt. Geo Jack on thanked ilIr. Butcher for prc,cnting thc award - anJ Mr. IIlll11phrey and hi - friends for thei I' I11lLical treat, and as ured them it hacl again been 1110. t highly appreciated. TIe also spoke of the \york of the Centre in general. On Octoher ~/th the • eallam Harbour class held

FIR S T

124

their annual supper, etc., at the Railway Hotel, when 1lr. J. Kell (station master) presided. He gave a welcome to all pre ent, and asked 1\Ir. L. BaJlan (District Supt.) to make a pre entation to Dr. J. E . l\Iulholland) their lecturer. Thi -:\Ir. Balian did in hi usual breezy style, and thanked the doctor for his work amonO'st them and handed him an electric clock. Dr. l\lulhollancl, in thanking the class, paid a high tribute to the effort of the clas _ to maintain a high tandard, and he hoped to arrange a series of competition during the ,,'inte r to further timulate the clas . -:\lr. J. Petrie) General ~Ianager of Northern Transport Company, and 11r. Ballan conferred for a momen t and then announced that they would provide a trophy for the competition uggested by the Doc tor : -:\Ir. Kell and Capt. Geo. Jackson expressed the thanks of the class and Centre at the offer and said they would a i t in any Ivay they could to make it a success. On ~ol' ember 2nd the HartIepool taiths cla held their annual \Vhi t Drive and -:\Iu ical Eyening in the Co-op. Hall, when Mr. J. \V. Hooke r p resided, supported by Mr. and )'Irs. R. Tate, Mr. and 1\lr . J. 'Wright, Capt. Geo. Jackson, 11r. and 11rs. J. Willis, -:\1r. H. El1is, etc. )'1r. Tate regretted uch a wretched night had somewhat reduced the attendance, but gave all a hearty welcome. Capt. Jackson congratulated the clas in their continued uccess, and hoped more would attend the cominO' session. -:\1r. \Yillis also added his congratulation. ;\lrs. Tat e presented the awards obtained at the examination and the whist drive prizes. On Xovembe r 3rd the Hull Dock Engineers' cia s and their friends met in full force at the Grosvenor Hotel for their annual smoker. -:\lr. H. Hudson (Engin ee r Accountant) presided . Mrs. Hudson presented the awards. -:\Ir. Hudson handed 10 1\1rs. Flower (the lecturer' wife) a fine cut-glass bowl as some little recognition of her kindness in sparing her husband to attend the lectures, etc . 11r. J. S. Harp er (Dist. Supt.) presented to ~lrs. Hudson a box of chocolates for her kindness in making the presentations. Capt. Geo. Jackson poke of the work of the Centre and hoped that th e cIa s would go increasing in numbers. Amongst others present were Dr. G. H. Flower, 11r. 'vV. Garden (Work upt.), 1\1r. and 11rs. G. H. Oakes, -:\1r. F. R. Charlton (Class Secretary). On November 8th the F elling clas held their fir st social, in the 11echanics' Institute) when quite a good company attended. At the interval 1\1r. M. A. -:\1etcalfc (Station Master) presided and congratulated the Class on their successful venture and gave the womenfolk a hearty welcome. Capt. Geo . Jackson, on behalf of the Class, presented Dr. ~VIiIler (lecturer) with a fountain pen, 1\Ir. VV. Hobkirk (lay instructor) with a loud speak e r part of a wireless set, and the awards to tf:he successful member who sat for the recent examination. He remarked that a most unusual thing had occurred for a railway class; all but one of those entitled 10 awards had been able to be present. Dr. Mill e r and ?Ilr. Hobkirk ui tably replied.

---. - .----

Southern. Many a stricken traveller has had his" life saved )) Qn a Channel steamer by being "called to the bar," but never before has life-saving on board a ship, in its cc First Aid" form , been demonstrated with such massed effect as was the case recently when the Redbridge (Southern Railway) Challenge Cup Competition took place on board s.s. cc Isle of Sark" at Southampton Docks. This, we believe, is the first time in the history of the St. John

A I D.

November , 1933 .

mbulance Association lllat stich a cOlllpetition has been held afloat. Team ' from a wiele area competed and were divided into t\\'o group. Group 1 te_ts were judged in the fir st cia saloon by Dr. R. B. Duncan, of ,outh Ken il1g-tolJ . t he winners of thi group being- 50uthal11plon vVe t TO. I Team, with Ea tlcigh CM.E. Team as runners-u p Group 2 was j udg:ed by Dr. eager-Thomas, Seni ol urge on for Police. The winners of thic;g'rotlp \\ er ' ali bury Loco. and Redhric1Q'c ., Team "er ~> runner -up. ~Ir. R. P. Biddle, Deputy Docks and ~Iarin Manager, pre ided at the pre entation of cups and prize which was made by the i\Iayor of otlthamptol1 ( 'oun. I vVoolley. J.P.). mong tho e present were omdr. \V. Graham, CR.E. (-:\Iechanical Eng-ineer, ~'ollthampto l1

,Tovember,

FIRST

1933.

missioner for Wales), l\Irs. Hurry Riches, Mrs. Cornelius Griffiths and Mr. (;. S. TJill and 1fiss C. A. Aull (Centre Secretaries of the L.-:\1.S. and G.\V. Railways re~peclil'ely).

The lIon. J Ohl1 11. Drucc (Principal Sccretary of the p .. io ry ior vVales) pre idec1 over the subsequent pro ceedi ngs, and announced the rc ult of the contes t as t1ldc r : 1. Cardiff XL\\[U\\11 (G.\\'.R.), 3181 marks; 2, Ahlrg-<t\Cnny Junction (L.-:\LS.), 285~; 3, Pontypool Road l(;.\\'.R), 28·H ~ ..J., L1anduc1no Junctj~n ,( L.~I?) and ~ \an sea (L.l\l. ,), 263~; 6, Lanclore (e7.\\ .R), ~3H, The PrinCIpal Secretary referred to the mcnace of tht' ro,lcl to-clay as equil'alcl1t to that c:xperienccd in the C;"e,\t \Var, and to the necd for amhulance training for thas lngaged in road tranc;port. The pre!:>cntation of the tr0V h y ~nd prizc~ to the \\ inning- teams was made hy ~Ir. \\ " 1:'... '. Lazenby ('\ sistant Chid Officlr, Labour and 1',' ahlishmcnt Officl. L.:\L '. RaIlway), \\ho paid l1Ig'h tnbute to the \\ IJrk oi thl Priory for 'v\'alrs.

---. - . ---

3lolice J\mbulance News. \IETRl)POLlT\,\

The annual Redbridge ( outhern Railwa)) hallenge Cup Competition held on board the 5 . ..,. I I Isle of Sark" in Southampton Do ck..,. Docks), -:\lr. E. A. Richards (\\-clfare A"'~I"[cllll t Il CencI'" I :\1anager) , -:\Ir. \V. D. Graham (Din:ctor dl1<1 Gt:lllT I :\1anager of the Hants and Dorset ~r()[llr Su\'iCL'" L td.) anc1 many others. The principal org-al1lser of the competItion wa ~l r. Robert Gillingham, through whose initiati, e ami l'l1th '~ ia m this compe1ition was started someel en year, (1:.:0, and who has acted as 'ecretary to tl1c e\'Cnt evcr !:>II1 C'. In making the presentation, the Mayor remarked UI II"! the .• fine enthusiasm for such a splendid cause" \\ hi h he had ·w itnessed. He said: .. You are cloingomethi ' .!' which shows to the pessimists that there is, <titer all. Inll h in the hearts of men and women thaL is good." - - - ._. ----

\Velsh InteraRailway Competition. The above competition for the" Harry 'vVebb" C Jl too k place at the Law Courts, Cardiff, on l'\oycmber 2nd, the Cardiff i ewtown (G.W.R.) team winning the troph). Dr. E. J. Williams of Bridgend adjudicated in the team test, and Drs. C B. F. l\Iiller, of Cwmavon and F. O'Sullivan, of Cwm, in the individual tests, and all th rec judges expressed themselve as being imprcssed with the high standard of work displayed. Six teams) three from the L.M.S. Railway and thr ee f r0111 the G.W. Railway, participated in the contest, which was I,v atched with considerable interest by officers of b( th Companies as well as local ambulance supporters and enthusiasts. Among the lar ge company present were 1\fr. J. F. Lean (Principal Assistant to the Gencral Manager, C .vV.R.), Lady Lewis, Mr. A. G. E. Fudge (Deputy Com-

Llel ·:.

The annual Ctlll1pdition for teams of the abo\'c force for till " P:trsoll'~" ... hield \\"a ... held at Pel'1 JIousc, on ~Jondn\', • J 'em ber 13th. Fu r the Ilr ...,l till1\.' a team fn)11l l!\ en" uivi:-,ion was l'I't reu, therl' hl'illg' 23 tl'am'i in all. It \;'a5 plea ing to Ihlt' the numb~r of ne\\' fans among' the competitors and a: the l'nCl)Ura~l'll1l'lll g-i\l'1l tl) the Illl'n hy the presence of ma ny:-cnior oi1icl'rs. 0 \ \ ing' to the re-org-ani . ation of th fo rc~ the pl'r!'>l)nllll l,f m,lI1~ te.llllS had hl'l'n changed, bu neverthe less all COlllpl'tiwrs did rlll1arkahl) \\' II. The judt.:'c ... \\'l'rl' 'apt. \. C. "'hite Knox, '\I. c., team; aud Capt. E. F Bendix, L. R . '.P., :\1. R . . . , individual. '. D. I nsre ctor "',II ren, with the assi tance of ergt. Holhn \\', \\,<1 rL'spl1nsihk fur the slag-int.:' of the tests, whilst memhe rs of the :\let ropolitan and it} Furcl' acted as 'it wa rds. Deputy.\s..,istanl COl11llli..,sioncr ,\hbis announced the ·1. s at th2 conclu ... ion of the competition, as foil 0\\'

1. "s" Di\isioll, 20<'.1. 2, " :'Il" 1« A 3, "F" 1 ,~ 7 X 4, "H" 1,2:l, "J" 181 6, "D" 177 i, "G)t 167 :,1 ~, " R " 163 9, "Y" 1581 10, fha l11es 157 11, " K"

151t

23,

12, « X. " Di\ision, H5 ~ 13, « \ \ ' " Hf14, "P" 143 15, "B" 136 16, « Z " 131 17, liT" 129$ 1 , "L" 12319, I I E " 1211 20, "N" 116.\ 21, "V" 11122, "A" 871 "Di\ ision, 74- 1

Highest individual agg-rcgate, "S" Dil'i ion with

82~

'P;lrks.

D. Assistant Commissioner Abbiss pre ented the shield anJ congratulated the competitors on their enthusiasm and

k:ume s.

He wi hed tho e pre ent further

uccess in the

~1'll1i nating conte t to be held early next year.

. The judges also congratulated the teams and ,g-a\'e a re'iUl1le of the work done, pointing out little things which \Yould be of as istance 011 future occasion. The marking sheet of the team te t was as follows : CARD (to be handed to No.4 only). - You have just completed locking up a man who has been brought into your

A I D.

125

station on a serious Charge, when you hear a commotion in the cell. The rest of your team is in the station, and first aid materials are a lso available. Time allowed, 15 minutes. Warning at 12 minutes. NOTES FOR ] UDGE.-J mpro\'ised cell. Men lying Oil his face in one corner. In left hand a broken bottle. On one half thC' letters "Ly" on the other "sol." Across the front of left wrist a large gash from which blood is spurting freely. The right arm is doubled up under the patient, and both bones of the forearm are broken in the middle. The patient is crying out with pain in the stomach, and retching violently. His mouth and lips have a whitened burnt appearance. There is a smell of carbolic. The patient has great difficulty in breathing. Rapidly open cell door and see patient \vrithing on noor 2 Call or whistle for help and hurry to patient 2 Control patient' movements and ob erve spurting ha~ morrhage ... 2 Ob en'e size of "'ound teo great for direct digital pressure 2 l\pply indirect digital pressure to brachial artery 2 :'Ilethod and effiCIency 2 Re t of team arri\'es ; rapidly explain circumstaces and dispatch a man for equipment 2 Detail one man to take oyer pre sure point 2 peak to patient (he repeats" Oh, my stomach ") 2 Rapidly examine for signs of fracture (none seen) 2 Carefully turn patient on his b::tck 2 :\rc there signs of fracture in left arm (no); raise the arm 2 Obs n e broken bottle, stains on mouth and smell of ('arbLllic 3 Examine bottle and find pieces spell" Lysol " 2 Presume patient has taken carbolic acid... 2 Di patch man to ,tation Serg-eant for orne Epsom .,alt and medicinal paraffin, which you know he keep for general u e 2 Dispatch a man to telephone to doctor saying you haye a ca e of carbolic acid poi oning 4 .-\Iso telephone for am bulance to come to station 2 Detail a m a n to make tourniquet 2 Give no emetic, but neutralise acid by gi\'inl{ 2 One table poonful Epsom saIls in tumbler of \yater 2 Give sip of medicinal paraffin 2 Obsen'e retching alld difficulty in breathing 2 .\ppl)' hot compress to front of neck and gi\'e sips of cold water 2 Doe_ this relieve breathing (yes)... 2 Carefully watch breathing in case artificial re piration is required 2 Carefully presen'e bottle and any \'omited matter 2 What is condition of pulse (quirk and weak) 2 What is condition of face and skin (pale and cold and clammy) 2 Realise patient is suffering- from hock and collap e ... 2 Keep patient on his back with head low ... 2 C ndo all tight clotlling about neck, check and waist 2 See that he has plenty of fresh air 2 Cover patient with blankets 2 Send for hot ,vater bottles or hot bricks; test; and place o\'er stomach and heart 4 Sprinkle face with hot and cold water 2. Apply smelling salts to nose 2 Apply touniquet to brachial artery 2 Method and eAlcienc), 2 Expose wounded wri t ; are there igns of glas in it (no) 2 Is the wound dirty (no); paint \,'ound surrounding skin iodine 2 Apply clean absorbent dressing, pad and bandage firmly 3 Release tourniquet in position 2

1~6

FIRST

A 10.

November, 1933.

Le~,n-

tOllrniquet in position ", ", 2, Place arm in t. John ling prop rlyapplied -ICarefully examine r t of body for further signs of injury " 2 houlder girJle and arms '.. ... ... 2 Find irregularity, deformity <1nd swelling' in right forearm 3 Detail one man to stead\' arm 2 Examine chest, abdome;l and peh'is (Ilil) 2 Examine lower limbs (nil) ... ... :2 Expose site of fracture; i ' it compound (no) 2 Gently dra",' arm into as good position as possible ... 2 Place forearm at rig-ht angles to arm, thumb urpermost and palm to body ... ... ... 3 Apply rlints inner and outer sides from elbow to finger ' 2 Apply one bandage abo\'e fracture and fig-Lire of eight bandage below, round wrist and hand 2 Place in large arm sling properly applied 2 Encourage patient ... ... 2 Prepare and test stretcher and coyer with blankets ... -ILoad stretcher r\os. 1, 2 and 3 on left, No.4 on right of patient ... ... ... < ... 6 CO\'er carefully, see that hot water bl)Ules are in position 2Change the foment on front of neck and ,\'atch breathing 2 ~Ieth()d of efficiency 10

Durham, Cleveland and Westmorland Dislricts Ambulance League. ARRANGDJE:-i'TS are no\\' being made for the annual competItion under the auspices of the abo\'e, of wh ich :\1 r. T. Greenland Da"ies, 1 n'3pector of 1\1 ines, is chairman, and :\lr. George 'W atkins, \\'ho is nearing the completion of SO years's sen'ice in ambulance \york, secretary. The L eag ue Committee are anxious that general intere t .be aroused, and that the number of teams competing s hould 1I1crease. The follO\\'ing dates ha\'e been arranged :"Donald Bain" Shield. - Divisional Competitions January 27th, 1934. ' "Elizabeth Bain" Shield. - Divisional Competitions, February 10th, 193-1-. Final of both competitions to be held at Durham on Saturday, February 24th, 1934. All men eng-aged in mines and quarries in Durham, Cle\'eland and Vlestmorland are eligible to compete. The "Donald Bain" Shield is for senior teams composed of five men, but no team shall contain more than one member who has been a member of a team winnin rr the shield pre\·iously. ~ The" Elizabeth Bain " Shield is for junior teams COI11posed of five teams who have not previously competed in any of the senior competitions. They can compete three years in the junior section, and are allowed one man who has been a mem ber of a senior team which has not \\'on the "Donald Bain " Sh ield. ~ 0 team or mem ber of any team can compete for hoth se nior and junior compeLitions in the same year.

The Mayor of Blackburn (Alderman Kenyon, ]. P.), has presented a beautiful shield for annual competition among the members of the Blackburn Di\'ision, S.J.A. B.

"THE PLUMBER. &. JOUR.NAL OP HEATING," monthly) is THE paper for all progressive tradesmen - PublishiD~ Office: -46, Cannon Street E,C ". IS.

How to Treat Fevers.

,\I.ILC.S.,

FIRST

Tove mber, 1933.

By D. A. R. AUFRAN L. H.C. P. (LO;\,D.), L. D. . , R. C. s. (E~l;.).

I EASLE~. l\lEA 'LES is a very common disease among children and although not very serious in its If, it not infrequently has serious after-effects. It i an acute infectious disease characteris d by an eruption an I by inflammation of the nose and throat. The actual cause of measl has not yet bee 1 found, but it is, of course, due to a germ. Lik ' many of the germs causing this group of dis asl'S it is probably so small that it pas e through th e laboratory filters which trap ordinary ba tri a. \\Then discovered, it will most probably be foun d to live in the nasal or oral secretions of th~ infe tc I person. The incubation period of measkc; is fro lll eight to twelve day. Epidemics are common, especially in th e spring and autumn. The disease it) \'ery infectious, especially when the rash is out. In[c tio n is spread by direct contact with til patient, \) . means of articles soiled with oral or nasal secn,tions, or by a third person. :\leasle<, is infe tiOl so long as the mou th, nose and th r at are in \'oh-e d, or for about t\\'o days btfore the appearance of th rash and for five days after its disappearance. On attack does not confer complete immunit\" bl second attacks are not very common. . Attacks of measles vary considerably in the ',.. intensity. There is the ordinary mild or simp l form and the se\'ere or malignant type. The latter, 1i ke all forms of se\'ere inflam mati on , i characterised by hcemorrhages from the moutI l nose and mucous surfaces. This furm, howeve r is not common. SYl\1PTOi\lS.

The onset of measles is usual Iy suduen. Til . . ordinary symptoms of a cold are present- sneezing, watering of the eyes and nose with a cough and the tern peratu re rises sharpl y. 0 iarrhc:ea is not uncommon. On the second or third day th ~ temperature drops somewhat as a rule, but ris es again sharply on the fourth day, when the rash usuall y appears. Fever increases as the ras h furthur develops, dropping towards the end of the week when the rash fades. At this stagt, desquamation or "peeling" begins and lasts for about two weeks. I n order to diagnose a case of measle it is important to notice a few points about the rash. The rash appears first on the forehead and fa ce,

spreading next to the neck, trunk and limbs. It is most important to notice that it appears on the fourth day. Then the rash ru ns into patches \\bich appear more or less crescentic in shape and luve a velvety feeling to the touch. There is 5 Hne swe ll i ng of the face, and the child presents a plcu liar, blotchy appearance. Koplik's spots arc Sf lal I, rou nd, red pots with a bl u ish cen tre which a ')pea r on the inside of the cheek and sometimes o the lips and gu ms. They are a constan t [eatu re ill measles and are important point in diagnosis. '1 hey usually make their appearance from one to tI rce days before the rash. If these poi n t are kept in mind, it should not be eli rficu It to r ogn ise a case of measles. The li: case mo t lik Iy t be confuscd with it is scarlet ft vcr. In th i c m plai n t, howcver, the rash ap pear') on the second day, is lighter in colour, an I does not begin on the face. There is also little or no sub utaneous swelling in scarlet fever. CU~rpLlL' \ rION~.

Clllnplicatiol1s in all fe\'l~r') are important. 1'1 \..} 'an mostly be a \'oided by recogn isi n cr the dl eas earl y and hy carcf ul n tl ring. I n mea les, b o n hiti ' , br nclla-pneumonia, ane! laryngitis are rath cr cOlllm J1 com pi ication '. ther trouble1I1 11~ affe tion') \\ hi h ma)' fol low are in llam mati ns of the cy " C(lrS, and glands . It i ' also quite com mon [or \\'hooping-cough to folio\\' measles, \ h ile in ome 'a ·c.., it secms as though tubcrculosi' m y start in th i \\ a y. In eh ron ic cases, adenoids are somet ime"> a<...('q ll~la:;. l'rom this it will he seen that measles is not a d isease which can b~ regarded to lightly. Gllur\:"\

:\II-:.\

LE".

German mcasl , or rubella, \\ as formerly thou ght to be a mixtur of ordinary measles ane! sca rlet fever, but it i ' now held to be a separate c1isL ase. The incubation period varies from se\'en t t\\enty-one day, the average being about fo rteen da \' . 'orne patients do not feel ill at all with German 111 as les, but the common symptoms are those of s e throat with heaclach and swelling of the c \'ica l glands. \Vith regard to the rash, this is a rose-pink er lpt ion appearing on the face on the first or SCLon d day and later spreading to the trunk and li rl bs. There is generall y a rose-red i nflam mation of (he throat, while the scarlatinal inner surface of th ... mouth is a characteristic £eatu reo The rash, all '.l what little fever there may be present, subside On the third day. Complications are rare. Caref ul nursing is all that is required in most ca cs of measles. Care must be taken to avoid ch II on the lungs owing tv their condition. All eases sho uld, of course, he isolated till all symptoms hav e passed and then disinfection will be necessary.

A I D.

127

A chi Id exposed to German measles should not be allowed to mix with others for th ree weeks. General tonic treatment is indicated during re-

covery.-Good Healtlz.

The History of the Thermometer. TH E exact measuremen t of heat began, apparentl y, with Galileo, who invented an air thermometer. It was a very delicate instrument, as it consisted of a glass tube of small bore dipping into an open glass of coloured liquid, it was subject to barometric fl uctuations, and was totally impractical to carry around so as to measure body heat. Later closed thermometers were developed, also by Galileo. Sanctoriolls, the Paduan, also used thermometers, and left illustrations of their use. The idea of the fluctuation of bodily temperature had been familiar since early times. But, of cou rse, no exact record of the tern perature of the body could be made until thermometers with a standard of measurement bad heen invented and generally introduced. The first work after Xe\\,ton and Fahrenheit's establishment of a scale and the latter's invention of the mercury thermometer (which occurred about 1710) was done by a Scotsman, George l\lartine. In his "Essays and Observations" (1740) he made an extented compara(i \'C study of the matter. And his friend and fellow Scot, James Currie, who thre\\,Y/ater on ship deck o\'er his men with fe\'er, adds to everyone of h is reports (pu hi ished in 1790) on the use of water in fever a record of the temperatu reo ~apoleon had his temperature recorded. Dr. Archibald Arnott, Surgeon of the 20th Regiment, on . \pril 21st, 18~1, reported" as a result of the examination" of the Emperor's person he " could fi nd no tension or hard ness of the abdomen, the pulse was tranquil, the heat moderate." On April 3rd "he passed a tolerably tranquil night, and slept a good deal, his pulse was 76, heat 96." Certain ideas began to gain ground in the nineteenth century. These were that in the normal body only the slightest variation of temperature occurred from time to time. Then there was recogn ised a certai n class of diseases-the fevers-which had an elevation of temperature. This knowledge wa ba ed on the recording of only one measurement of temperature-once in the course of the disease. Heart disease, drops)" simple fractures, cancer, paralysis, dyspepsia were some of the diseases which did not have fever. Typh us, en teric, malaria, consu m ption, small-pox, hospital gangrene-some of the diseases which did have fever. Such was about the state of knowledge about 1 50. Around about 1850 ::t. num ber of things began to occur. A young l\lanchester brewer read a

FIRST

paper at the British Association meeting at Oxford in 18-+7. The paper was on the su bject of heat. The young man's name was Joule. His paper described how a falling weight made so much heat measured by havin rr it fall on a baffle plate in a vessel of water. The queer young man named Joule seemed to think that the higher the height from which the weight fell the more heat there was prod uced. I n fact he had it all figured out. The standard was 778 foot-pounds of work, the mechanical equivalent of the pound-degree Fahrenheit. Joule had been expounding these ideas in :\Ianchester for some time. He finally managed to get on the programme of the British Association, but since his ideas were evidently so wild, since he was not a research professor, and since he had given popular lectures, the chairman whispered to him to make the paper as brief as possible. " Discussion," said Joule himself, describing the incident, " not being invited, the communication would have passed without comment if another young man had not risen in the section and by his intelligent observations created a lively interest in the new theory. His name wasWilliam Thomson." Everybody up to that time had supposed heat was a substance-phlogiston. One of the great theorists of eighteenth century medicine based his doctrine on this phlogiston theory. But these new ideas indicated it was a form of motion-of energy. How could a weight falling gain heat? Young :VIr. Thomson, \,rho discussed Joule's paper and who afterwards became Lord Kelvin, took the ideas of Joule and a forgotten Frenchman, Carnot, and established our modern ideas of the nature of heat and an absolute scale of heat and an absolute scale of temperature. Thus, as she has done over and over in her history, medicine gained from another science, physics, an important conception of the nature of bodily heat. It was not to come to its fullest frui tion for some time. Its first fruit was clinical thermometry. The first application of this new knowledge of heat to sick people had to wait really a surprisingly long time for its development. When it came it was from the new German school of medicine and it is coincident with the rise of that method of teaching which still retains its supremacy to our own day. In 1840 there came to the chair of medicine at the University of Berlin a fat little boor named Schonlein. Schonlein's methods of teaching revolutionised medicine because he made the patien t the centre of all discussion. He held his classes in the wards of the hospital. He had his chair placed by the side of a particular patient. Sinking into it he would hear the patient's story read: then he would discuss that story with the

~ovember ,

AID.

1933.

students, and in German, not in Latin. Then the professor would rise and examine the patient; by looking at eyes, ears, chest, abdomen, and liste n'ing with the stethoscope, again sinking back in his chair he would ask the students to confirm hi ') examination. It was not long before this eminently practical method of teaching became famous. The universal introduction of the st thoscope and of percussion, of urinalysis, the perfection of the microscope, th ~ rise of the science of chemistry- particularly th vanishing of scruples about the examination of tb body after death-all made the in te-nsi ve development of this method of clinical teaching particularl y easy at this time. .

(To be concluded.)

A Lapse. By 1. GALE. AT last l'\"e done it! I had felt forome time that 1 ~houl '. Month by month and year after year I managed to \\ anI (l T the day, but no\\' -well, I had always regarded tho~e pL:Or whose example I hi1ve now followed, with a certi-lin pity, never thinking that one day 1 hould el1lulat them .\ J to think that a printed noticl' that caught my ) e one autumn morning should ha\e lead me to thi . I was soon in the local police court, facing eX:lminati n after examination. ow 1 have been put into uniform just like the re t of them. Ordered to gv therc and ther " do this or that gruesome task, getting- into hot water IllO.,t of the time. Should you ask \,.. hy the police court, the examinatio ll., the uniform, all the routine ti1sk , al'o what is the cu:minating groan about? Our l. john .\mbulancc clas~ 'i are the cause of it all. \\'e meet in the local police court. pass exams. if we are lucky, wear a uniform, and to-day \\'l' ha ve sold flags. f

Binding Copies of "F. A." KEEP your Copies of FIRST AID clean and tidyhave them bound. Send your copies for the last Volume (J ul " 1932, to June, 1933) and we will return sar e bound in an attractive case of leather cloth, wi h the title of the publication in gold letters on the front and side and the eight pointed cross on fran , for 6s., post free. Complete Volumes can be suppl ied at 9s" post free. Binding Cases only , 2s. 9d. post free. Orders should be sent to DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD. , 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4.

129

A I D.

FIR S T

November, 1933.

Our Nurses' Pages. COMPILED

AMBULANCE 3'

No. 1 Dj~)jRILl, No. 69 NURSINL. Dj\'ISION SOUTllERN K\lLWA Y CORPS (SOUTIIERN).-A most interesting even ing once again took pli1ce at the Headquarters o~ this Division, on Thursday, 'o\'ember 9th, when four teams competed for the" Webb" up for team work, to prove the efllciency of th' member. Corps. Supl. .. \. 1. Green acted as 1udg-e, and as usual st t.:"ed a most ;-eali tic test - the patient m~eting with sudden illne ss. It was one which gave the memb rs every opportun ity of te'ting· their knowlcd.{e of fir t aid and home Ilu r:o.ing. E\·ery member entered wilh a most enthuia tic feeling amI the result \\'a \'e ry interesting', and made more so by their wonderful united good feeling about each other; ei1ch t 'e l1ng- that they had pent a most useful eVl.~ning and one whi d, had improved still more their knowledge and coopaatil)n one with ~Inother. Result Tcam A, 1 t ; C, 2nd; 13, _'rd ; D. 4th. Amhulance ister E. julian, 'apt. of team .\, ('cu ring- hig-he t numb r of mark in the indi\ idual, and .\tllb ulanc~> isler;\. Talbot second. Lad) upl. "\li~s '. PLarce 'o nt.:"ratulaLed one and all un their splendid elTo rts , and hoped the) would Cl10tinue to take the ad\'antage of thl! . tests and iI11pro\"(~ their know\tdgt:. :\l!1)()l.ESBI·W ·t.I I ~l RI'L. 01\ ISIO:",

.J .. \. B.-In order

to rai c funds fllr the ~ursil1g- Oi\ i ion Sick Room

tore · t 1 DI\ i~ion org-ani~l'd a bazaar which was held on \Vednesda\ . o\ember .'th, at the A\"\.~n lle :'!etlwdist choolroom. . The bazaar was open d hi :'1 r . 1. E. 1all1~ , formerly f :'I I iddle:-.broug-h and now of <. llerton Hall, Knutsford, a \. en uprorter of the Di\' ision \\ hilehe re<;ided in \[iddle l)ro llgh. he \\ as \\llcollled by :'Ilr . \\'. H. rosthwaite, Pres ident of the iek ROL)1l1 ton~s. :'II r~. rn-.th\\ ,tite was supporte:>d by the ~layoress, 1\1i s Bro wn, Count\ 'ollll11is~ioll('r F. P. \\'ihon, and the R ev. G. P. Lester. The staib \\ ere tit ·tdulh· decorated in a scheme of hlac k and while (\nd wcre if; charg-c of member of the • 'u rsin~ Diviion. TORQC ,\\ A~() P .\Ic;:-.ro:-.: i\'L' R!:>I~G DI\'I IONS, .J.A.B. On alurda), October 2 tb, Lady District upt. Mrs. ,lIsdo n carried out an inspection of the members of the To rtlua)" and Paig-nton N ur ing- and Ci1det Diyi ions. Mrs. Bal don apologi d for the ab ence of the Countess f Onslow. he tre ed the importancc of the work thc embers of the Brigade were doing in the District, and, a Idressing the cadets, warned them against thinking that the re was no work for them to do in the ambu lance movement until they were 18 years of age and able to join a ursing Division. ThC're \Vas much for each one of them to do now. Following-the in spection, the membersgave a demonstratio n of practical work The Divi ions were honoured on this occasion by the I rese nce of Col. . 1. Ellis, Surg-eon-in-Chief, S.l.A.B., al..companied by Mrs. Ellis, and Assistant Commissioner H, J. Vick. RAMSGATE V.A.D. NURSEs.-The larcbioness Camden (Co mmandant of the Kent V. A. D.) was present at the

•

SISTER.

annual in!>peclion of the Ramsgale Detachment, K ent No. 2, held in the Parade room at Ramsgate Police Station on October 17th. Th e inspection was carried out by Ji1jor 1. C. Collins, R.A.M.C. Col. Pye Oliver, the County Controller, was unable to be present, but Mrs. Falwasser, Assistant County Controller, attended, i1n d also the Mayor (Alderman Mrs. Florence Dunn), Dr. Care Sharpe and Dr. A. Gilby. The members of the detachment demonstrated first aid treatment in cases of injuries that might be caused in war-time, or in any accident, massage, invalid cookery and the use of the Thomas splint. There was also a mode:>l First Aid station and Dispensary. The u e of the gi1S mask, not only for war, but for any escape of gas or mine rescue work, was also demonstrated. Maj0r Collins congratulated Mrs. Blinko, the Commandant, and the detachment on the splendid work they were doing under real difficulties. The answers were in mo t case excellent, precise and straightforward, and the handaging was of a high class. He assured them that their work \Vas appreciated by many people and by the authorities, and if a time of national emergency did come, their ervices would be sought after. The l\Iarchioness Camden, who was much impressed by the efficie ncy of the detachment, said she was pleased to know that tlley would be compet~nt to carry out any work they might be asked to do. She then presented to Miss McMillan a service medal for 15 years' efficienc. Mrs. Baker was unfortunately unable to be present, owing to having sustained an accident, to receive her sen'ice medal.

FORT \t\'ILLIA;\l NURSI1\'G DlYISlON, CANADA.-This issue of FIRST AID contains a photograph of i1 s uccessful competition team formed of members of this Division. The Division was formed 18 months ago, and i in chi1rge of Lady Di\'. Supt. Mrs. j. Sutherland. The nearest Division is 446 miles away, and first aiders in England, where the black and \Vhite uniform is so well known, can but imagine what a handicap it is to be so isolated, and not to be able to rely on the friendly co-operation of neighbourin~ Divisions. Fort William Nursing Division has to carry on alone, solving its own problems. But despite the handicap-only two of its membe rs have ever seen another Division i1t work-the Divi ion decided to enter the competition field. A team was formed, and the llr"t year, 1932, it carried off the" Duncan" Cup in the face of competition from teams from both Ambulance and Nursing Divisions . This trophy is open to teams from all Divisions in the Thunder Bay District of Ontario. In 1933 the Fort "William team again entered for the same competition, and gained econd place, but was successful in winning the" Sir George Burn" trophy in the Ladies' Fir t Aid Championship of Canada competition. One can but admire the work of this Division, wbose members have not only pro\'ed their efficiency, but their grit. It must be extremely difficult to push forward in such isolation, to maintain a high standard of efficiency without the friendly rivalry of near neighbours, which consciously or unconsciously acts as a stimulus, and the Division has wisely chosen to enter for competitions, which above i1ll make for an increase of kno\vledge, the trophies won or lost being but a minor consideration.

l30

FIR S T

S.J .A. B. C.\:\lP FOR OFFICERS AND l\lE~IBERS OF NURSDI\'lSlON .- Thi year, for the fir t time, the Brig-ade held t,,·o camps for officers and member of Nursing- Divisions, and it i certain that those who attended either of them benefited so mueh by their stay that many more will to h?\'e the ame e"xperiencc "in thc future. Both wi cam p prayed a great ucees. .-\ short account of the Nonhern Camp held at Southport \yas gi\'en in the ptember issue. The Southern amp was held at H me Bay Colleg-e froIll Friday, Augu t -tth to Friday, A.ugu t 18th. It was taffed a foIIO\\"5: Camp Commandant Lady Di trict Officer Robinia, Vi countess ;\fountgarret, O. B. E. ; ;\ledical Officer 1\1rs. Tre\'erthick, l\1.D., J.P. ; Adjutant Lady District Officer 1\1iss May; Assistant Adjutant Ii s Corser; Quartermaster ;'\Iiss Hayes. ~ Luckily, the weatller was everything that could be desired, and allo\\'ed the members not only to enjoy their tudies, to gi\'e demonstrations of practical work out in the open on the oeca iun of a \'isit from Lady Perrott, R. R. c., ING

A I D.

N ovem ber, 1933.

ar now required to know . aunt)' Surgeon Dr. Cozen s lectured on Burns and Scald, and interested his hearers with a d scription of the new tannic ac id treatment which is now used in uch cases. The nursing side of the \\'ork of V.A. D.' was dealt with \'ery fully by Nursing on; r 1\1 iss A. Reynold., who e in teresting lecture were ,"cry much appreciated. 1\Irs. Tre\'erthick, 1. D., J. P., ;\1. O. of the camp, gan inl<~re ting talks on Emergencie and General Health an t Per 011<\1 Hygiene; and Di trict urgeon Dr. ;\lcT\Iaster~ M. O. H., lectured on Public Health. i\ series of talks on Maternity \Vork were gi\'en by Lady Div!. Supt. Miss Hansley Smith, .l\I.B., whosl lecture were followed by practical work by members in th l washing and can' of babies, doll being u ed for this purpose. Lady District Oflicer Lady :\lountgarret, O. B. E., ga\L' to the member in her talk on Publi c Duty. 11(' remind('d them that on such occasion the: were many helpful hint

The Fort. Willia~ Ladies' First .-\id !eam- winners of the" Sir George Burn JJ Trophy Champion hip of Canada, 1Y33. Standll1g: DIY. S~pt. Geo. G .. l\hller, 1.r. H . ]. Oli\'e~, President S.J .. \ . .-\. Centre, Pte. T. Costigan, In!:>tructor. Seated: 1\llss Ruby ~lt1ler (captall1), 1\1rs. Jennie Sutherland, Miss G. Mitchell, :\Ii5 Vera :\liller. Lady Supt.-in-Chief, but also to enjoy in full games and \·isits to different places of interest in the neighbourhood. On Sunday, August 5th, a Church Parade was held at Herne Church, and on August 13th those attending the camp accompanied the Herne Bay Nursing Division to the Parish Church, Herne Bay, for service. Reveille was sounded at 7.30 a. m., and breakfast was at 8.30 a. m. each morning. Each member then made her bed and tidied up before lectures and other duties commenced. Some intere fing lectures had been arranged, and incl uded a talk on the "Black Book" by Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief of the Brigade. No better authority on the subject could have been found, and his talk must have been of great value to those who heard it, especially to those who were listening to Dr. Fletcher for the first time. Dr. Nohle lectured on H;:emorrhage and Fractures, two subjects of which first aiders must know a great deal; and Divisional Surgeon Dr. Hammerton spoke to the members on the Thomas splint, the application of which all V.A.D.'s

\'cry much in the public eye, and must be clean and 5mart in appearance, and efficient. Gas \Varfare, particularly in dealing \\' ith thc civilia n population under such a condition, and the use of the g a mask, has been a subject of instruction to V. (\. D. 's for 0111l' time past now, and those attending the Southern Camp wer' able to listen to Major :'\Tash, R.A. I.e., en matters deal;n l. with this . Besides lectures, time \,va allotted each day to practic,\ work in first aid and home nursing, and al a to drill. Stretcher work and loading an ambulance \\'ere taught by Transport Ofilcer Creasey. During the stay of thc camp, Commissioner E. ;\. Richards and Mr. Wrigglesworth carried out an inspection. Lady Perrott, R.R.C., Lady Supt.-in-Chief, honoured the members by spending two days in the Southern Camp, and during her stay a Fieid Day was held on WednesuaYJ August 16th. On the afternoon of that day, those attending the cam p paraded under Lady District Officer Miss May, and we re Inspected by Lady Perrott, who was accompanied by Lad y

ovember, 1933. P istrict Supt. Mrs. Falwasser, Camp Commandant; Col. I e Oliver, C.B., C.M.G., T.D., L D., ounty Controller V .A' I) • 's , Kent·, Col. de la Prime; Assistant ComI·}11 d missioner Iajor Noble, and. oth.ers . A march pa t followe , '1 ld then the parade \Va dl mlS ed, and the members pro" eled to their posts for a di play of practical work. t: First aid was renelered to " casualties JJ in the open, but t1 LfC was also a "hospital" with medic~l, surgical and J laterni y wards in thc pavillion of th: cncket fi~ld where t 1 uCl11onslration took place, and to which the senous cas~s \ Lre transport d by stretcher and ambulance. ThiS I. )Spital was ~tarTed b) some of the camp members. -\mon<r othcl- cae' treaLed were those of a fractured f 1l1~r, which was put up in a Thomas ~plint b~ a team l'1 der the command of Lady Div_ upt. l~s.s .GarJ1l1~r, c: nd f carbon 1110noxid poi~oning wherc arttilclal resplratLOn Ili d to be rend red to the patient. Th Herne Bay :'\ursing Di\ ision starTed a Road Hut , nd an operatin~ theatre on th field. Recreation was b) no mean forgotten by tho e who . n anged the camp_ 'haraban trips were arranged to \ t rio~,> places of interl'st in the neighbourhood, and two i... ih \Vcre paid to 'anterhury, wher , through thc. g~od , \ ile.., of Dr. oLlon, lat ommis ioner of l o. 8 Dlstnct, .J \.8., the memhers \\'er \. ry fortu~ate in be~ng able to I 11l~ ct hook.." 'tc., in the C.athedral Library whIch are not IIll ' lI-il\' sh~)\\ n to the rubllc. \t tile CLm lusion of the camp. a breaking-up party was d. DL I\' ,\ I \ TLRHITORI.\L r .\\ll'. .\t the beginning- of . u ~u:-.t, :-.c\cn \' .. \. n.'.., accompanied h~' th~ir 'omll1andant ,lI el Uu.lrlermastL r proLecdcd to <L terntortal camp on the I t -\);tst to lld"l' charge of the hnspital tent and any ll,tllies that might OLcur among the 111 n who were I'cc lL'U in the can;p on the follo\\ ing ua). . Juring lheir stay th \ -.. \. D.'~ camp~d out, and did t 1 :r o\\'n cOt)king, anu, thcir dutie., not being \'ery s.trenu..l , thc\, were able tl) ha\ ~ it fair amount of of1:duty lime. Ft)~rteen C:t!>L'S \\ ere admitted to the hospital tent, on \\ hieh hau to be tr,lll ... fl'rrcu to the local hospital whcn the im p brok~ up. ,linor c.\'ic'> wer.c dC,alt \\'ith in another t 'nt whiLh \\.lS USLU as an l1ut-patlents department, and to h ich thc 'iick men paraded to bc examined by the 1. O. : nd to rcc~i\ c treatment ordered by him at the hands of lhe V.. \.D. 's. The wcather b~illg hot, there were nume:ous ca e of lil burn, and also of hli..,tcred fect,ome of whIch proved to t:pti c and Ileeueu continuous treatment. .There was ~Iso nne ca,>e of heatstroke \\ hich had to be adtnillcd to ho pita!. The ex.perience \\ a a novel one, and was much enj yed by V.A.D.' who werc privileged to attend the camp f 1" this duty. Items (Di~isional news and competjtion~, social, interesti ng ies, lectures, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance ster, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon St. , London, E.C·4·

The Heanor Division, S.J.i\.B., has received a donation the Ilcanor and District Camival Executive.

H £8 from

A successful gala dance organised by the Bournemouth C)fpS, S.J.A.B, in the Pavilion Ballroom wa held on October 25th.

Does your colleague read FIRST AID, if not, -end us his address and we will post him a cOPY.

131

A I D.

fetters

the

t;ditor.

We are in no war responsible for the opinions expressed, or the sta temen ts made, by Co rrespondents.-EDIToR.

SPECIAL CONSTABLES AND FIRST AID . DEAR SIRWith reference to the above, il is a pleasure to report that for the last three years a Division of the S.J.~. B. has been formed among the Special Constabulary of Bnghto.n. Every encouragement is given to the men at the van~u.s Divisions to join, and in consequence a very healthy DIVIsion is the result. These men attend various classes and lectures each week as well as entering for various com petitions, and in variably give a good ::lccount of themselves. . . The pirit of esprif-de-corps among the men IS splendid and gives great sati faction to the officers concerned.-Yours faithfully, Brighton . G. DU:-\'FORO, Supt.

The Brigade in Ireland. OIl October 17th Sir John Lum den, K. B. E . , :\1. D., the Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade in Ireland, broadrasted a talk on the Brigade from the Athlone Broadcasting Station. . This talk was of great interest, and particulars of t~e work done in Ireland prO\'ed that the work of St. John IS beino- carried out in the traditional way . It is not possible to publish the full talk, spc:ce ~'ill not permit, but the main facts are as follows: Start1l1g l~ _1 ?OS in Dublin the Brigade comprised of one ambulance dlY1SlOn which wa enrolled fr0111 a cia s held in Guinness's Brewery. hortly after other divi ions \n~re ,formed and more recru~ts were obtained. The European \\ ar lead to a great recrUltment and during the war years there were over -t,OOO ~em bers enrolled . After hostilities had ceased the Bnga:ie received a set-back owing to many factors and re-organisation wa necessary. . The internal risinO's of 1916 and more more espeCially in 1922 proved the \Vorfh of the I3rigade personnel. First aid wa rendered in the streets of Dublin under warfare conditions and hundreds of cases received attention. Since tho e days the work has increased; and on one occasion, that of the Euchari tic Congress vVeek in 1932, ne::rly seven thou and cases were treated by n1.embers of the Brigade. Fir t aid huts have been e tabli hed in Dublin and the personnel of the three am bulances are formed entirely hy Brigade members. . , , An Invalid Requisite Department 1S constantly IssuI.ng a upply of necessary articles for the comfort of the slck poor, the majority of which ~re lent free of ch.arge. T An excellent en'ice gwen by the Bngade v\ elf~re Committee, with the co-operation and support of the Jomt Red Cro s Committee and Public Health Department of the Dublin Corporation, is the e tablishment of four maternity dininO'-rooms. For lhree lllonth before and three months after ~onfinement an average of 1 0 de titute and expec,tant nursino- mothers recei\'e a special daily dinner free. \\ hen the baby arri\'es the mother receives two complete sets of baby clothes, and for t\\'o weeks a parcel of food each \yeek an d a pint of milk a day. Only the poorest of the poor a re fed . Future developments include the establi hing of first aid roadside post along the main road and at principal bathing places. . . T he Commissioner then "vent on to glve particular as to ho\\' the Brigade pay their way; he also p~id a trjb~te to the members of the Brigade in Ireland for their enthusla 111, sympathy and keenness.

FIRST

eueries

and

J\nswers 1'1' esp0 nden ts.

-2ueries will be dealt with under the following rules:!. -Letters containing Queries must- be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4. 2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cu from the current issue at the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue. 3·- The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this colt II 11 is the 38th 1I928) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.

TREAT:lIE ,'T OF FRACTURED PEL\' IS,

E. C. (South Moor).-TIle Textbook (p. 72) tells us that in the treatment of Fractured Peh'is a broad bandaae is to be applied round hip. I am in doubt as to \~hether this bandage i to be tied \\' ith a knot or fixed with a safety pin. If it is to be tied, then \,'hat is position of the knot? Your ans\yer will be appreciated br onc who i a nO\'ice and anxious to learn. ' The bandage is (0 be tied; and the best position for the knot i.s in the middle line over the ymphysis pubis, whereby the Wide parts of the bruad bandag-e are placed round back and hips. - :\. CORBET FLETCHER . EXAMI:\,ATlO:\ HO\\,LER. G. G. (Edgware). - In a recent examination the docLor asked a candidate to describe the cour e of the femoral ~,rtery. He was st.artled 'w hen our member replied: It slarts al lite hlp and tra7.'els down the seat oj tlte trouseJ:s. ': I sen~ ~Iong this good howler and hope that you wIll JI1clude It In your unique series. Good ~

Next, please! !-N. C. F. TREAT;\IENT OF IODINE POISOl\1 · C.

H.'\lcG. (Dipton). - At a recent team practice we had a difference of opinion as to the correct treatment of an un~ons.cious patient ."' ho was suffering from Iodine POlSOn1l1g. Some said they would treat the unconsciou~ state only a ccording to the instructions of the Textbook, whereas others declared that it would be danaerous to delay the treatme,:tfor Iodine Poisoning and th:t theywould enforce the ::r:tldote, We agreed to submit the point for your deCISIon, and we thank you for past help. " How ,"vill you" enforce the antidote" ? Rule 10 on p. 1;:,6 of the. Textbook warns you that you must "give no food, or ~ulds whatever by the mou.th while patient is ins enSIble So those of you, who said the\' would treat the unconscious state only, were suggesting go-od first aid treatm,ent, whereas the others were proposing Meddlesome First Ald.-N.C. F. THEAT;\IEl\'l' OF COMPOUl\'D FRACTUHE OF LEG.

e.A. ( Soton~. - Please be good enough to settle a dispute ~oncernlng the treatment of ~0l11pollnd Fracture of Leg, f ragmen t~ of bone protrudll1g. Some of us SuggesL that the lUllb should be fixed as found whereas others l11~i~tain that, av~idin~ ex.tensi~n, we should place the uninjured lower hmb 111 hne with the other and then apply splints in the ordinary way.

. Both suggestions are correct, the difference between them bell1g that the second is more detailed. Had this ended with

A 10.

1\' ovem ber, 1933.

instructions to bind limb to limb after the application of splints, it would have coincided with the line of action whi ch I sugg sted in the February 1933 is ue of FrH T .\m for ompound Fracture of Thigh, bone 11l"otruding'. N. C. F.

ETIIICS OF FIRST .. \11),

E. 1. (Burton-on-Trent),-As a member of a1\ur~in"' l)i\' i i 'l1 of the Brigade I \Va recently called to a ) oun~ worn '1 at our hop and found that he had cut the ralm of h I' hand which was bleeding. Before I arri\ ed, the patic It had washed her hand with ('old water from the ta ), :Vhen, however, I fetched Iodine and prepared to pai t It on the wound, the patient refu ed to let me do s saying that Iodine did not suit her ~kin. In tl ll~ decisiol: she \\'a s,!ppo~ted by the manager of the h p who said that Iodine did not 'uit cvcryone's kin. ,s neither the patient nor the manager ar~ fir t aiders, a n i as the TexLbook in tructs us to aprl} Iodine in tl e treatment of wounds, I shall be ~ratcflll if yOU will t 11 me ho\\' I hould ha\'e acted in U;ese l ircun~stal1cL's. . A,s ~ member of thc Brigade you ha\ e to n.!l1der flr t ( d stnctly In accordance with the instructions of the Textboo , There i , however, no law which comp Is a patient to aCLl ,t the treatment of a first aider or e\en of a doctor. 0 in t (' circumstances named, eithet' \ 'OU could ha\ c refused to ta lc further. responsibility f?r the'treatmcnt or, ha\ ing warn t! the patient (preferably 111 presence of a witness) that by h I refusal of antiseptic treatment ' he \\',l running g-reat 'ri. l of wound poi oning, you could ha\'e dressed wound \\·;,'1 lint, cottol1wool and bandage. Iodine is aid to irritate some skin,,: but in a 101 r experience I have never yct mct a case in which the applir _ lion of Iodine for wounds as recommended b\' thL' TL'xthno; has produced this complication. 01. . F. ' ,

HL;;\IOl' R

01'

F IR!:>f .\11).

E. C (Did~ot). - Recentlj a woman asked mc to g'll and

her ~Ick daughter. 1 \\ ent and found the girl in b \'ery til. The mother said to me: "Look at her. keep a fire i~ the' grate night and da). I keep hIt water bottles In the bed; and I Illl'i'C 7{ldl JIll1slI'catl'd hr". \\That else can I do ?"

Good!

ext, please!! -

D,\Nm~RS OF

E . C, (Di.dcot). - Hm·ing for seven years read FIRS] .\Jl) an! receIved valuable help from "OUI" colul11n of i\nswer to Corre:pondents, I venture to' ask what i the right treatment 1l1. the case .of a child who has swallowed a pi e c of Calcium CarbIde, The point arose recently a t a DivisioI:al Drill. Some of us thought that the na ) tastc might make the child vomit· and we wonder d if it would be correct to tickle the child's throat and ) caus~ \'?miting. We shall greatly appreciate your he " as thIS I:" an emergency which we might ha\e to trL t at any time. From your letter I surmise that the Query Column ,f FIRST AID ~as not attracted your interest quite as much as } VlI ;~ate, . ,1 f l~ had donc so" an~ if you had practised YO' r qualIhcatiOns as a first alder, ' then you would have d ull noted that you have repeated a query which ] answered 111 the September, 1933, issue, to which you can refer, . ;;o.ur suggestion that such cases may occur "at Ull ), l1me IS not supported by my experience. So far I h ai e only made contact with one doctor who has had to trea t a case ~f Ca,1cium Carbide Poisoning; and my recent answers o.n thIS POlOt have been based on his experience and sugg l 'S tlOns.-N.C.F.

AMMON"\.

I'.I L (lkckenilal11). During- the SUlllmer months thc dang-crs of Aml11unia \\'( re emphasised by an unfortunate accidcnt to two Brigade mCl1l bers who were on ambulance dut\' in Epping Forest. Thc), noted that a boule of .\m'monia \\' <l"i on thc table of the tent in the :. un ; and, whilst the) were removing iL into Lhe shade, it L'xploded and caused serious injuries to the eyes of both and consequently they were unahle to follow their employment for a long time. \\'e thank you fOI- your let ter and report, \\ hich, as you tlul) ~ jly, L'l11phasi"es the dangers of .\I11I11onia. N.C. F. TR\:-;"'l'l>R1

P ,\III,'\1

\\'1'111

FI~" "!L;I~EJ)

I'I!\,E.

l .. 11 (Verdun, Canada). Once again I anlil myself of the .1 ri\ ilL·ge of h,l\'ing a diniculL~ ,>ol\ed b) \ vu through tilL' medium of FII{ T .\11). :\ly present quer) ha::. rderL'nce to the Transp lrt Llf patient sufTering from Fractun:d Spine, and IlhlrC particularly to Rule 1 on p. 1) 2 Llf the TL '\thook, WhUl, medical aid not being readily ~l\ .lilabk, the patient has t\) bL' rCllw\ed to shelter. \\\' ha\ L' had l11ul'h discu ~ion as to the correct 1I11 ~rplLlati\)n of thi:, ill"truction; hula. yet \\c IUl\ellot bee n able tl) agre~ tll ih Illcaning. Sn in OUI difllculty \\· c .lg"lin turn ttl )'llli 1\)1" <l,,:,istancL. (lL'r..,ullalh. I rl.'·ld thL' i!lslructitln as . igllif~ ing that .1 t r L' \lhL'1' . . I~l,uld lw u .... \.,d; that on this" it shutter, dth)r. l~ r h(')ard , etc .. " slwuld he plalL·d: .lnd (hat, only \\'h l:!l tll e:,l.' are !lot a\'ailable, :.Iwuld thl' ..,tr'tchel· b.:: t rL' llg' t i1 e lll'd with a writ? of tran "\'erse b\)ard..,. Others t,t1"l,' till' \'i('w that a shutler, do\)r 01 board, should be lhl' J in preferenu~ ttl;t -.tn:lch 'I' and that only if these c.lIl'lnt hL' \lhtai 11l:d :,Iwuld till' stn: teiler bl! u,>cd. \ \) ur illlerrrl·tatiLll1 llf Rule 1 is Cl ncw l)ne to me ,lnd ,tl inaccepta hl e. I Iwlil' \ e (h.lt ) our ClllkaguL' arc right " h ir C~\!llL'nti l Il1 : and I can \\'ell il11ag illL' a shutter, door or b cl rd whi c h could Ill)t lw carried 011 the ,>Lretcher or a' mat i\ L'h ' w\luld i nl'l'l!<lW L'11\Jrmou h' the dif11culties \)f 'r 11 P) rt i~l the'>e rirt UI11stCllllCS ,lnt! ;l1ight Ill' po iLi\'cly d ge ro u unlv,,, the .... hutler Loultl he 11rl111y bound to the tLhL' r. ~.l.F, TI~E\J' .\Ib:-;1

T.C.F.

CALCIUM CARBIDE P01SO:\]l\l.,

FIR S T

oVL:mber, 1933.

l)l· l:-,sEll'

'\ Ian}' I'uads lead to Rome. - I .C.F. SIGN~ 01·

CO~I[>HES lOl\'

OF BR.\! '.

d. . ( Brightun). Ln a recent competition we were ,ls ked to explain why the pul c was full and slow in C Ol1lpres~ion of Brdin. ,\~ thi point is not answered in l he Textlll)ok, perhaps) ou will be kind enough to gi\ e l l"> the correl'l al1~\\'er.

Compression of Brain is usually due Lo the bursting of b:00d ves el within the box-like cavity of the skull. A SLll Je n increase of pressure . is thus caused; and the first elk t of thi raiscd pressure is slowing of the circulation, 1\ h'l h leads to a flushed facc. ,Te xL, when the Ile,lrt and Rcspiratory Centres (in the <l

medulla) begins to suffer from lack of oxygen, i ll1 pulses arc sent by them to the heart, with the result that the heart heab more strongly and morc slowly. In this way more hlood is sent to the medulla to nourish these Vital Centres and so the pulsc becomcs full and slo\\,. N. C. F,

SIGNS OF DEATII.

N. MeL. (Brighton).-A member of our c1css was recently called to a motor accident and found a man with a fractured dome and base of skull, and a large wound which had bled freely but was no longer bleeding. The patient's breathing and pulse were absent; he appeued to be dead. Our problem is whether or not it would have been advisable tv apply artificial rcspiration until Lhe arrival of a doctor: and as there is no mention of the point in the Textbook under Treatment of insensibility, we dccided to ask for your ruling. The an wer to your problem is to be found p. 18 of the Textbook, where it figures as the .first Principle of Firsl Aid. In the cast' quoted by you, howe\'er, J would not blame the fir t-aider who decided that the patient was past human help. N.C.F. TI~LAl :lIE:\T

OF FROST-BI IE.

R. R. ( ·heringham). - \Vould you consider the old-fa hioned (and eOlcaciou ) treatment of Frost-Bite by rubbing' the affected part \\' ith snow contra-indicated by the in tructions l)f1 p. 13-f of the Textbook- " .\\oid the application of 1110i Lure in any form ?" Ye - Illost emrhatically! The instructiom of the Texthook were altered because thc experience of Arctic Explorers i that rubbing the alrected part. with sno\\' is dan!5erous, ...,incc the "now melts and in the lowered tcmperature may be turned into icc, which i not a good dre sing for frost-bite. By the way, cobwebs were once recognised as ,t effica.cious treatment" of hccrnorrhage until the dangers of epsis "'ere realised. -1'\, C. F.

----.

,----

A New Surgical Bandage.

I~"I ; ~.

F.ll. ( LL)l1d\ln Bridg-e ). .\11 il1lerl''''Lill~ Ill1inl h,l~ arisen in OUI' llflil' C by rc;t-;un (If the fael that t \\'0 L)f our colleagues hm l! re cently..,uffL'red from and been trL'ated for ru pruuuLing h t~ils, attrihuted in each case to Insect Bites. TilL' dOLll)1' \If aile paticn( au\ iSl!d continual rainting with l \ldillL' and cu\l'ring with \\ armed colton wool, while the d0c tor of thL' other patienl treated him with rL'peateu Ho mri c fOl11l'nt,ttiol1"', TIll' treaLment in each case was u )l1lpletel) ~UCLes ful, alLhough both dClclors disagreed \\ ith the treatment ot hi.., colleag-ue. \\,ill you kindl) ~i\' e us ! OUI- \ aluL'u COl1ll11ent on thi~ intere~ting- point?

133

A I D.

\VE have received a sample of a new band3.ge

known as 'I Sterilastic. " As the name implies it is made of a special rubber which has been fully sterilised. The most important feature is that no tying or pinning is required. Each roll sold is accompanied \Vith an iI1ustrated leaflet which gives full particulars of applying the bandage. This is simple and easily done. After the proper dressing has been appl ied, a y, to a finger, enough "Sterilastic " is cu t off to ncircle the finger once with ~ inch to spare, \Vind the" Sterilas[ic " around the finger at very slight tension, then pinch the two ends together, or one end can overlap the other, and the bandage automatically seals itself. This bandage allows free movement, can be applied in tantly and removed instantly, is economical and will not stick to anything but itself. It has been fully tested and will not even ad here to the ski n or the hairs of any patient. Readers can obtain this bandage at their usual first aid outfitter, or at any multiple chemist shop.

134

FIR S T

Commercial Motor Transport Exhibition. THE eleyenth International Exhibition ,ya held at Olympia, London, from O\'em b r 2nd to the 11 tho Among the inter sting exhibit were up-to-date ambulances and fitting. The Austin 1\l otor Co., Ltd., Longbridge \V orks, Birmingham, exhibited a 16-h. p. 6-cylinder and a 20-h. p. 6-cylinder am bulance. The former had an engine of 65 .5 mm. bore x iii mm. stroke (Treasury rating 15.9 h.p.), ,yater-pump circulation, forced-feed lubrication, coi l and battery ignition, "Zenith" carburetter, -+ forward speed and a re\'erse, single dry-plate clutch, spiral-beyel final drive, steel detachable artillery " ' heels, 5.25 in. x 20 in. " Fort" tyres, spare wheel and tyre, 9 ft. -+ in. wheelba e, -+ ft . 8 in. track. Fitted \\"ith all neces ary accessories, including electric starting and lighting and direction indicators. The coach -built bod\' is constructed to take two stretcher cases, and there is a 'seat for the attendant. Price, complete and painted to colour of choice, £-1-62 10s. Chassis, with tyres, £226. Sorbo bf'd, spot light, bell, heater and wash-basin, etc., are extras. This model was fitted with Carter's new " Portland" elevating gear, " 'hich is a self-contained unit; particulars of this ha\'e been fully discussed on previou occasion ~ . The larger ambulance displayed comprised an engine of 79.5 mm. bore x 114.5 mm. stroke (Treasury rating 23.5 b.p.), water-pump circulation, forced-feed lubrication, battery and coil ignition, " Zenith" pump-type carburetter, a synchro-mesh gearbox with 4 forward speeds and a reverse, single dry-plate clutch, spira l-bevel 6nal dri\'e, engine, gearbox and final drive offset to provide low 10:lding level, steel detachable artillery wheels, 7.00 in. x 18 in. " Fort" tyres, spare wheel and tyre, wheelbase 11 ft. 10 in .. track 5 ft. Fitted with all necessary accessories, including electri c lighting and starting and direction indicators. The body ,,'as coach-built with accommodation for two stretcher cases and five sitting cases. Price, standard ambulance complete, painted to colour of choice, £710. Chassis, with tyres, £385. Also exhibited on this model was a special stretcher gear manufactured by fessrs. H. Lomas, Ltd., of Cityroad, fanchester. This consisted of an appa rat us for two stretcher cases, one a bove t h e other. The lower stretcher is fitted to wheels and runs into the ambulance where it is secured. The upper stretcher, which had been raised to the side from the horizontal position, can be lowered over the underneath stretcher and firmly fixed to a framework v'.'h ich bearers just pull forward to bring it to its loading level. Both stretchers exhibited ,,\'ere of the 21 -in. sprinr,- stretcher. On the stand of Dennis Bros., Ltd., of Guildford, was exhibited an 80-h. p. D ennis rescue tender and canteen van. This is primary for the use of fire sen' ices. At first ~ lan ce it looked like an ordinary saloon coach, but the contents include diving and breathing apparatus, oxygen cylinders, revi\'ing apparatus, first aid material and a fully equipped canteen. A Grose de-luxe ambulance body, mounted on a Commer 6-cylinder ambulance type chassis, was shown on the stand of Grose, Ltd., of ~larefair, Tortham pton . P a r ticu lars of this exhibit were: Body panelled in aluminium and steel panels, partition beh ind driver, door on both sid es of driver's compartment, double doors at rear, drop windows on both s ides of body, g lazed with obscured glass, 2-panel windscreen glazed with safety glass, chrom ium fitting-s, interior finished in white enamel, all corners rounded to ayoid dust accumulation, fitted w ith two stretchers, w ith seat on offside for sitting patients; cupboard and water bottle fitted alongside, cellulosed maroon with black mouldings . Overall length 17 ft. 1 ~ in., overal l width S ft. 10 in. Price complete £540 . Body only, £275 . T

A I D.

N ovem ber, 19.3.3.

Morris Commercial Cars, Ltd., of Adderley P a· k Birmingham, ex hibited a :'d orri Commerc ial" " dl'~ luxe al1lbulan~e. On thi model th~ e ng in e d vclops S5 h p. (Treasury ratll1g 25 .0 1), was 6 cylind ers, 82 mm. bor~ x 110 mOl. stroke, cha is weight 28 cwt . 2 qrs., load ca 1acity 2 tretchcr patients and 5 6 sitting patients, wheel b;. e 11 ft. 2 in ., track (front) -+ ft. 9;; in. (rear) -t ft. 7;; 1. wh eel ize 5 in. x 20 in., tyye ize 7.00-20. Price, Ct m ~ plete, to de-luxe specification in paint finish, £4-1-5. a rter' patent new "Portland" ele\'ating gear \\as fitted in model sho\\'n.

ST. JOHN AM BULANeE BRICADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

R egulation-Right! Quality-Right! PI'ice-Right All Uniforms cut to Customer's own measurements URSES COATS, A SPECIALITY. Stnd P. C. jar Prict List and Sd/-1lltasurtmmt "arms.

HORNTON

Tailors and Uolform Makers,

Sritish ~ed eross News.

4, Commerolal St., BRIGHOUSE, YORKS.

TEJ. Ef' 1I0:-;R: BRIGIiOll 'iE 290.

\\'c regret to announce the death of Brig,ldier-Gen ,r:l l H . F. Ba.teman-Champain, C. :'Il.G., ecretar) -Gcnera 01 the ociet)', \\'ho di d uddcnlyat unningdale on ,Hurd \. October 7th whilst playing golf. . General Champain had a di · tingui~h('d military car er hewing seen en'ice in e\er) call1pai~11 from :'ILll1ipu l tLl Tirah, and during the European \\'ar fought in Frail L" Gallipoli, Me opotamia. and ' orth Persia. FL1r his sCI\·i l!" he was a",'arded the C. :\LG. He was appointed ecretary to the British Red r ~ Societ) in 1922, and later took 0\ I' th e duti es llf ell ll'nGeneral. He was a membe r of the] oint \ ,uncil ... of tIl' Order of t. J ohn and of th e ociety and" as e\'(~ r re ad, to further the caus of fir -t aid work.

The "DECORATORS' &. PAINTERS' MAOAZI N.::." 8d. monthly) Is THE trade paper for all lnterested, '-

Publlshinr Office: ... 6, Cannon Street, E.C.",.

AIDS

TE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT, BY

N. CO RBET

FLETCHER.,

M.A., M.B

M.R..C.S.

As a work of reference, the book will be excremely lseful and should be in the library of a ll ambulance wo rker<;." - FIR TAm.

Price, 3 /6; post tree, 4/ ~ . E ST.

AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION , St. John's Gate, LONDON, E.C. I.

& EQUIPME:\1'. PLEASE SEND FOR PRICE LISTS.

Horm Clothing & Equipment Co., LTD,

AIDa

Telegra ms : "TJn iquip, London."

HOME-NUR.ING.

Third Edition . Re\ ised. Price II. ,d., post fre e. 8.me·NarJlag Slmplllled and fabnll!ltcd, wIt. AIIla to .emorJ. , TII/s boo;' wo",chr/,.Il" limpli/f'1 a eompl,.x Hlb;,e! alld sh" .. ld 0' Fe ad h" All stwch"tl."-L. &: N . W . Rv. GAZBTTE

EFFIOIENOY

FIRST-AIO.

Poat free , II. 3d. Probl ••• II Stldy, lreatmollt and Bumlll.tlol ICllnd I.r SOillor Itgelca"! " Wit/cOtlt tUwbt tJu book will b, 0) gr,at IIrfJie, i,. tM trai1li"r 0/ shOJI /". w/cllm it II ch,ig,.,d. "-BRITISH MEDICAL JO!)KNAt..

OOMMON

ERRORS

FIRST-AID.

II. net : post ,d. Brrors la flrat·Ald Detallcd and Bxplalnod, '1 his book 1""1 a el,a",r i1llirM illlo 1M m,Ilwds alld di/lkw!tiu O.J ,m'''r 'N e) t",atm,,,/ by laym,,, tlr.a1l tJu otfieial T,.xtbook itSlI/."-LANCBT.

COMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcher, Individual and Question-Six F olders~. Price 6d. each net, post, Ild Each Folder contains special article on Com petitions :-No. I, Training of Co rr.. p_etltlon Teams; No.2 , Conduct of Team in Competition Room; No. 3, Comm on Errors In Competition; NO. 4, Further Errors in Treatment; NO.5, HistorJ' of Competition Tests; No.6, P reparation of Tests.

WHY

AND

WHEREFORE

FIR.T-AID.

Fifth Edition. Price II. :lid •• PO!l free. DlllloaltiOi II Study and Treatmeul loITcd by Qacstlon aud AanCir . " W, com".,,," t"il bOOR to L,atwr,rl "lid Stwch .. il wA" will /f",d it oj r,a ' IIni". "- F IRST AID.

HINT.

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDI!RLIE •.

Post fr"Je , 8d . Ordorly Datlos Slmpllllcd an J Tabulated. wltb Aldl to .omorJ . A "'Olt compact b"OC"tlr, . . co"tai"r ftottleh tlII/ti1 i .. /o...",atio", "- PRESOIRB Illustrated by so dlagram5 In Colours with Explanaton Letterpress. By Sir JAMES CANTLIE, K.B .E., LL.D., M.A., M .B . C.M., F.R .C.S., D.P.H.R . C. P. 7~d. net; post free,

FIRIIT AID.

Mounted on Canvas , Roller top and bottom. 255 net each. Post, IS. I. Human Skeleton, front view. 2. Muscles, front view. 3. Human Skeleton back view Muscles, back view. ~. The Heart and principal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of t e Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen 8. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest an d (B). Abdomen (D). 10. The Nervous System. II. Schematic diagram of Circulation 12. The Human Ear. I3 The Homan Eye. 14. Median Section throogh Ski n IS. Medlao Section throogh Head.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. Male, 8011. net.

Female, 8011. net.

ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES.

CA~VBLL,

By P. C. BOTrOMLEY, M.D. A bt klet to aid those interested in Ambulance and Stretcher Work.

Price 2d. each, post tree. "Plrst Aid," 46, Caonon Street, London, E _C ....

M.~.C.S.BDI .

FIRST AID

Ull

FEW WORDlI.

With Coloured Diagrarn~.

NURSINB

I'2PP,

(2ooth thousand) Revised. Strong paper. 2d. Post Id. (56th thousand). Reviser' Strong paper, 2d. Post Id.

Clota , 6d.

FEW WORDS.

With useful reference tables.

A BULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE.

Carriage 211.

Their Signs, Symptoms afJd "First Aid" Treatment. An Ideal II1emorizer QUIck Referenre. By A. f . 000011"0. With Preface by WILLIAM L OCI{ L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN NICOLSON, M.A., !\I.B., Ch.B.Glas. II . ,d. net post free.

14 pp.

BANDABINO

Telephones : Clerkenwell 6682, 5226.

'Vilh Foetus. 8511. nel.

A book that is selling by the hundr>ed.

HO.E

CLERKENWELL GREEN LONDON, E.C.1.

FIRaT-AID.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES.

JOHN

10 & 11,

Seventh Edition. Post free, II. ,d . Plnt·lld SimplifIed ud 'Iabalated, wltb Alai to .omory, (.'~l. Si" lam'l ( an/Ire e,,.tribwtll a,. i,.t"odwctio,. aHd w, ,,,,dllf"JI his K "O a o~;"ioH 0/ tM book. "-LANCET.

AMBULANCE

The Blood Transfuion Sen icc has, ,l'> an c,",pui l ent for on e year, commenced puhlication of a quarkll .\ rL iew which will be forwarded free to mcmbers tlf the SL.I iet. The flrst i ue is dat d Octoher 1933 and \ Llntains I an) items of intere l. lr. P. L. Oli\'er, honorary secretar) of the en'ic(' in a foreword taks that the quarterly circular \\ ill l ont.lill Illles of interest, stati tical relurn , reports of noteworthy ca e:, dates of forthcoming lectures and social g-athcring-,>, an . ,\'.er~ to questions often raised in connection with th ~ tl'c ilniull side of blood transfusion, and if space permits, brid I l'Her~ from mem bers. This circular, we feel s ure, will do l11u ch to fostl the B lood Transfusion Service and to enable member. ttl k e r in touch with their fellow member. COU 'TY OF' LO'DON BRA;-,c ll. - The Greenwich and Woolwich Divi ion, B. R. C. S., held their annual I11cetil h on O ctober 19th. Sir George Hume, Chairman of thp Di\'is1( nal Committee presided. The a nnu al report, presented by the Rev. \\T. R . I .rlwright, vice-chairman, stated that at the end of 1932 t ere were 70 active members, 20 reserve members and nine .,robationers . At \Voolwich cl ini c there had been 273 ne W patients during- the year. Th e thanks of the Divi ion were due to the Seam Il'S H ospital, Greenwich, for carrying- out blood and other te:o.ts free of charge, to Mr. H. Furlong for the gift of a rad 'lnl heat bath, and to others "vho had lent cars to convey criP lled patients to and from the clinic and who f1ad org-an ied entertainments, etc. After the election of members to the Divisional Committee an address was given by D ame B eryl Oliver, of Red Cross Central H eadqu arters.

co.,

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &c.,

By I, CORBEl PLEICHER, •. B.\ B.C., B,A,(Caatlb), •. R.C ~

12 PP'-12 bandaging diagrams,

DIABRAIRS.

with notes.

Strong paper. 2d.

Post yd.

HEALTH ' " FEW WORDII. 15 , Sir ~. H. PIRTH. D.P.tt P. R . C.S. 20th Thousand. Paper folder 3 In. and 4 iI.. Post free 3d. net.

HOWARD M. PRBSTOl"'. D,mollsJra:o,. to fill Po/rt,e",,;e . Price 15. net; postage, zd Its Application Accurately Described by Words and 1I0 Diagrams. THE ROLLER BAN DAalE. Price 15. net; postage, 2d. lis Application Accuratelv Described by Words and 102 Diagrams.

THE TRIANGULAR BANDAalE:

FIRIIT-AID A .. ATOMIGAL DIAaRA • • • 13 (1 to uand I4)on Roll

No. '3 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs I / ~ Price 211 . net; postage 4d Systern~ of Body accurately indexed . Invaluable to Students of Anatcm} Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Suhjects.

Post free, J8. 9d. net.

THE

GOMPLETE MAtlllllli. THE

WHOLE ART

TISB&LA

BOW.BR,

OF BA .. DAIII .... Illustrated.

Post free, ... ,d

POGIlET FIRST AID SERIEII. By Co •. R. J. BLACKHAM. C.B .• C.M.O .. C.I.B •• 0.11.0 .. M.Il b) Poisoning, (2) Hzmorrhage, (3) Insensibility) (4) AsphyxJa (Suspeuded BrcBt :

FIRST AID" UERY and REPLIE~ COUPON. H

To bt. &ut out and t."c/osed mit" Nov., 1933 .

0," Qu~",es

Ing), (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, ~6) Wounds, Bites Burns, SCldd! Rupture and MInor Injuries. The Series contalUs all the essentials of First Aid PrInted on IInen·llued cards, 31 In. X si in. Third Edition. 6d. ne efch postage 2d extra.

AIDS TO MEMORY FOR FIRST AID STUDE .. T. AND .. URSES VBRNON NEWTON, M R ~ •• (BIII' ). 9d. net. Pest .JOHIW

BALE,

SONS

DANIELSSON.

8S-91, Gr>eat Tltchftefd Str>eet London

Ltd.

W ,t

HobsonlkSons

J. A. WYLIE & CO ••

Manufacturers of Uniforms, Headdresses, Accouirements for

MEDALS, BADGES

(London) Ltd.),

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE.

SPECIAL OFFER. of All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed TR.OUSERSPrivates- 13/9 per pair. LIMITED QUANTITY ONLY. Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I. P h one - Hop 0680 & 7065.

North of England Office : 22, YORK PLACE, LEEDS.

SURCICAL

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

AND

TROPHIES

EQUIPMENT.

" STE RAID ' (Regd. ) series ot absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent an d boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical D ressings. Tbe dressings are placed in tbis Patent Container, wh ich, bV a simple rotation, uncovers only tbe quantity of gauze or lint required ; after cu ttin g this off, rotat e tbe Container in tbe opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from exposure an d retain tbeir natural aseptic condition. (Awarded the Certificate 0/ the I nstitute of Hygime.) All Dressings are of QUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE. " SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient recep tacle for receiving soiled d ressings, sanita.ry towels, etc. Const ructed for affixing In any convenient corner, provided witb Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring, without being bandIed. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. W hite enamelled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.) P N EU MONIA JACKETS ; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST-AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements.

DECE:\lBER, 1933.

No. 474.-V OL. XL.

E ntered at ] [ Stationers' H all

PRrCE THREEPENCE [3/6 PER ANNUM, POST FR ! E

6ultable for II

FIRST AID"

AMBULANCE AND 80CIETIE8.

CORPS

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL. No. 77Bronze, 3/· I Sliver, 4/6; Sliver, Oold Centre, 6/9·

Original Designs and Quotattons post free.

Whollsall Prlols to all "FIRST AID" SOCIETIEI.

London Showroom-

62,

HOLBORN

VIADUCT,

E.C.

Telephone- 0840 Cltv.

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY

NOTICE

ST. JOHN AMBULANC BRIGADE

UNIFORMS DIRECT FROM OUR FACTORY

•

Perfect F it, Q ualI ty and M ateria ls, Correct Details,

•

W e have had 50 years experience in the making 0 Uniforms.

• WRITE FOR DESIGNS, SAMPLES a nd PRICES

SHIND FOR PRIeHl LISTS:-

~OBE~T BAILEY & SON, Ltd. MARRIOTT STREET MILLS. STOCKPORT (7 elejlume: Stockjort 2794 and 4166)

and at 137. Sentinel House. Southampton Row. London, w.e.1. Prinred and t'ublisbeu. by DALE, REYNOLDS & Co., L td., 4 6 , Cannou-street, London, E. C.4, to whom alHcommunications should be addressed. 7 elegrams--"Twenty-/our, Londcn." Telephone-Central It/2I. • To be had of all Newlagents, Booksellers and Bookstalls in tbe TJllited Kingdom and at all Railwa.y Bookstalls of Messrs. W. H S !luth and Sons.

EDITORIAL.

READERS.

I RST AID is published on the ~oth of each month. nnual Subscri ption is 35. 6 d . post free; single copies 3d.

Contractors to H.M. Ministry oE Munitions, RUllian Government, &c.

ADDRESS-

FIRST AID T he

Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work it all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and epo rts on subjects penaining to the Movement and also welcomes cggestions for Practical Papers. All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at 1he dd ress below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, an d must be accompanied (flot necessan"ly lor publication ) by the n me and address of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, Adve rtisements and other business Communications c nnected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, RE\TNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNO" STREKT, LONDON, E.C.4. 7 e!e,f{"raphic Address-" Twetl/),jo1lr, Lo,ftdoll ." 7 depho nf-Cmrral 1.f2r .

CONTE N TS

THIS

137 13,' 13X

1-+U Hi H2 147 147

14l 149

150 153 155 iSh

157

QUERJES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTSHremorrhagc in Competition... Examination Howler Treatment of Contaminated \\'ound Iodine as Irritant of Skin Contusion or ontused \Nound Treatment of Fracture on the Spot Humours of First Aid Treatment of Fractured Arm ... Treatment of Compound Fracture Simple Fraclure of Clavicle and Humerus Fracture Involving E lbow J oint Troubles of an Examiner Complicated Fracture of Ribs .. . Red Cross N eyvs

THERE being only a few days of 1933 to pass, we may do PROSPERED': well to cast our minds back to trace the work each of us has done, individually and collectively, during the year. A k yourself these questions. Have I given my who lehearted support to the Ambu lance Iovement? Have I done everything in my power to further the Movement? Have I, on all possible occasions, made myself an efficient and an enthusiastic worker? [ f to these and other such quest ions you can answer" Yes," then you have indeed done well. But these questions may prick the conscie nce of many who do on I y that ,vh ich is absolutely necessary . To such members we would urge them to foster the aims of the Ambulance l\I ovement and assist those to whom they look fo r guida nce. An i ncrease in n umbers is but a seconda ry cons iderat ion to effiG:iency, therefo re let us m a ke ou r watchwo rd "Effic iency Fi rst," a nd see th at ou r fe ll ow me m be rs do likewise. Let us, one and a ll , reso lve that d u rina 1934 b no effort wil l be spa red to in crease t he ranks an d effic iency of th e First A id 10 ve m ent a nd, w ith a w ill , work for the g lo ry of the Ca use. HA\' E WE

NUMB E R.

EUI TOR IALI Ln ~ \\ 'c Plw,;pLrl'd .J ~I John .\mhulallll' .\c;snciatiol1 'I ilL ' ccond Line of r L"fl.'IlCC- P,lrt.!. I tilocb of Rl.' 'iuscildtinn fhe IIospitallers' 'Iub .J. A. Brigade Distri ct Reports \ie\\ r (ta iled :'>Iarkillg· "hcd, ?\o. 42 • J lor) for \Val e'i Rl'\ic\\ of the Hi story of the Ord er of t. John of Jeru alem ... ... Railway Ambulance News Ol rNurses'Pages Police Ambulance News Thl.? Hi tory of t he Thern~~'ll1eter The Royal Life Saving Soc iety ...

"FIRST AID" extends to its readers in all parts of the world, its contributors and advertisers, cordial greetings for Christmas, and trust that the New Year may hold for each and all a full measure of health, happiness and prosperity.

158 158 158 158 158 158 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 162

13<..

F I R .,s T

St. john J\mbulance J\ssociation. C:\1\'TERBURY. - The annual meeting- of the Canterbury Centre was held at the Deanery und r the presidency of the Dean of Canterbury (Dr. Hewlett John on) The Hon. Secretary reported that in the pa t sea on there had been ten c1as e for men totalling- 17 student, and ix clas e for women attended by 8-+ tudent. The numbers of awards gained were respectively 125 and 73. The committee expressed their gratification with the increased attendance and the considerable extension at interest in ambulance and home nursing work; also their gratitude to the local medical practitioneJ s \\'ho ha\'e given such efficient and ati factory voluntary sen-ice in connection with the classes. The Treasurer's report, which ,vas adopted, showed a mall credit balance being- carried forward. The President, in upporting- the yates of thanks, thanked the Han. Secretary (Miss Allardyce) for her enthusiastic and (Toad work done, not only in the pre ent year but for a con~iderable period of years. 1\lr. C. T. Richardson, Superintendent of the Canterbury Oh'ision, pointed out that whilst the Brigade appreciated the sen' iees provided by the am bul<l nee belong-ing to the .Kent and Canterbury Hospital, a second ambulance \\'ould be a yery great advantage for their work. He reported that the strength of the Division was now 55 members, and that an acti,'e interest was being- maintained, which was most gratifying both to him and the Centre Committee. IpS\\'ICH.-Out-spoken remarks by Dr. J. F. C. Hossack (Chairman of the Centre) was the feature at the annual meeting of the Ipswich Centre, held on ! ovember 27th and over which Alderman R. F. Jackson, deputy-Mayor, presided. The Cha1rman pointed out that 2,509 cases had been treated at a total expenditure of £220. It was not fair that the work carried on by the Centre should languish for the lack of adequate funds. Dr. Hossack said he disliked having to publish, year after year, the condition of the finances. For all the cases treated during- the pasL year, plus 97 removals by motor ambulance, £125 had been the total income. He said it could not go on at that rate. It was true that for the 97 cases in the borough of I pS"'ich they had received from the town £50 a year; but he believed the law now compelled a municipality to provide for ambulance facilities against what was called the « modern jug-gernaut." That being so, £50 a year for 2,509 cases treated in I pswich and 97 removals by motor ambulance was a very small sum. He suggested a shilling apiece from each of these cases , and £1 apiece from the Corporation for motor-ambulance remo,-:al cases. OxmRD.-Dr. W. E. Audland presided at the annual meeting of the Oxfordshire Centre held on November 10th. Disappointment was expressed at the failure of the unemployed to take advantage of the ambulance classes arranged for them. The report stated that the number of classes held in various parts of the county was 20, the same as last year, and the number of candidates was 362. These figures show that the work is going on steadily, and since the formation of the County Centre 106 classes have been held. Again this year the majority of the classes were on first aid, but two on home nursing for women and girls were held in Oxford and were well attended. The chairman said the unemployed ambulance classes had been unsuccessful up and down the country. The president and vice-president were re.elected, as also were Dr. W. E. Audland, chairman; Lt. -Col. H. F. N. Jourdain, hon. treasurer j and Mr. H. M. Hinds, secretary.

AID. The County Committee wa of_Major Clare Wiggin.

rc-app0inted with the addition

SOUTI1A~1l'TO .-At the annual 111 eLing of Lhe outhampton Centre, the Dowager Lady S\\'aythli~g presented the award . The layor (Councillor F. \\ ooley, ]. P. ) presided oyer good gathering. Lady S\\'aythling said she had read the annual report with great pleasure. he noticed with intere t that thert! had been an all-round increase. vVhat pleased her most, however, was that the number of public duties undertaken by member of the Centre had exceeded that of prc\'iou years. The classe for the unemployed continued Lo be held , and 31 cla ses, totallinf{ -+14- men, bad bE'cn examined to date. Since lasL July 15 ambulance and 1 nursing divi 'ion s, 7 ambulance and 11 nur ing ection, 14 cadet ambulanc( and 11 (Rirl) cadet nur ing divisions had b en ref{i tered o whilst two ambulance divisions had been di banded. Then. had been 98 surgeons and 325 other ofTicer. appointed.

The Second Line of Defence. - Part 2. By

December, 1933 .

December, 1933.

CAPTAIN

NOR11AN M.R.C.S.

HAl\Il\IER,

WE have dealt with the phenomenon of Inflammation, whereby the body reacts to an invasion. of enemy germs by hurryi ng to the spot .i ~s defensl \:e and protective forces in the blood. ~ he battle I S joined, between the germs on on I~ ~nd th e blood on the other, and it may result In either of them gaining a victory, which may be more or less decisive. 1. IF THE BLOOD \iVr;-...rs OCTRIGIlT.

affected part, and the tissues, wh ich a re the battle((round, become packed and crowded with blood, Gke the roads and railways in the back-areas, as well as the front and support lines, during a " period of cctivity" as they used to call it. 0 we get more \\ ellinO", redness, and heat. Dead \\'h i te blood· corpuscles, dead tissue-cells, lcJ dead germs, form a mixed-up mass, which beLo mes gradually softened and liquified, to form jJII S or mailer. Th is adds to the bulk of the r ut, and may resu It in the oute r ski n of the part (';l retched and thinn d out by the swelling) giving 1 1)' at the ite of greate t tension, and so allowing t.e pu to cape. By the same roll te, excess s rum escapes and the part i ready for the process o repaIr. Ti su su b tan e wh icll has been destroyed is ~ au uall y replaced by scar· tissue, and the part I t urns to normal. [Referen e _" Th acute abscess "J.

,-:;. IF Till :

;d :. IOI" \VI:--'. (a). G \'\"GRE;',1j·: . (b.) "BLOO))-P J~O:\,I:"l," OH. TOX.E"l1,\ . a. If th y get th upper hanu at on , and if th ,. are of a virulent variet", the\' ma\' spread "i ie l \' illto tlte tz's llCS and cauJse m u~h des'truction, du' to wide ' pr ad d ath of ti sue cells, called betn grene. b. r tlzcl'r toxz'Jzs may pread rapidly throllfJlL01 I the bod}' and ause the death f th indi\'idual b o re the~ bloou has time to produce it antibe lies and anli-t xins. [Refcren e: F \'er. Inf ctiou disease Immu nity.] -to IF TIII : GEP"l<"; ARE I1ECKED Bl'T l' T

Ol'\QL' EI~ED.

PID RESOLUTIO ).

Occasionally the germs are destroyed rapi?ly and easily, and the affected part, from bel ng swollen, reddened, and hot, returns to normal after a short time. In this case, local pain will usually be slight, and general symptoms absent. This quick victory means that the first detachment of blood-soldiers did their job so well and so completely that it was not necessary to send m?re , hence the signs never become marked, and rapidly su bside. The part does not get so swollen, red and hot because it does not need to have so much blood packed into it, nor for so long. Inside the part, those constituents of the .blood, which passed out into the tissues to deal With the germs, return to the blood vessels (by ~n indirect method called Abso rbtion, which we wdl not stor: to describe now) and rejoin the b lood stream. 2. I F THE BLOOD WINS AFTER A STRUGGLE. (RESOLUTION WITH PUS - FORMATION).

In the struggle between germs and blood the fight is more even ly matched, and more and more reinforcements of blood-soldiers have to be sent to the scene of action. The blood vessels of the

FIRST

(IIRONIC I~FEc1fo:\'.)

colony [germ ' lllay e tabli h itself in the ti ues incase where the blood-su b~ tances are U l. ble to kill them off, but can ju t keep them in (' Lc k. The ti sues, with the blood-substances cried to them, form a ri ng-fence arou nd the i nVc le r and prevent th ir spreading, while the antito ins in the blood get to work to neutralise and re Id er harm less, as far as they can, the toxins sen t o by the O"erms. uch a state of affai rs exists il some chron ic ill nesses, for exam pIe, in Pulm Jll ary Tuberculosi , where the colony of germs dl "s itself in in the tissues of the lungs, and from th re wages its warfare against the individual by ma ns of its toxins. [Reference: Resistance. Immunity.] TIlE

IGNS OF INFLAMMATIO

These have been mentioned, in passing, in consideration of the subject, and may be sum med up as follows : Heat. The affected part gets hot to the touch, bec.ause the extra blood that has been carried to it bril'gs extra heat in excess of the normal heat loss from the surface.

OUt

A I D.

139

Redness. Again is because of the increased amou n t of blood in the vessels and the presence of blood in the tissues, the red corpuscles of which give up their Hcemoglobin to release oxygen and red pigment. SwelHng is due to the tight packing of the blood in the dilated vessels of the part, and to the exudation into the tissues of the migrating bloodconstituents, corpuscles and plasma, causing expansion of the tissue substance in its envelope of outer skin. THE SY;\lPTOMS OF I FLA;\DIATIO;-...r. Pat'n in the affected part, due to pressure on the sensory nerve-endings. This will be greater in situations where expansion of the part is prevented by anatomical reasons, i.e., in the palm of the hand, where it is limited by a layer of tough fibrous issue. Tenderness. The pain, due to tension in the part, is more if the pressure is further increased by the part being touched, held in a dependent pO::iition, or used . GeJZeral, constitutional symptoms are due, not to the condition of Inflammation, but to the condition of Infection which preceded and gave rise to it. They are caused by the action of the toxins of the germs, and may vary from a mild feverishness to severe and acute" Blood-poisoning," leading perhaps to grave illness or even death. THE TREATillENT OF AN I;-...rFECTED PART.

ince Inflammation is 1 Tature's way of dealing with germs once they have got into the tissues, it is, within limits, to be encouraged. 1. Tize case where 'immediate resolzttz'on OCC1.t1~S can take care of itself. .2. The second case, 7.Vhe1"B the signs of Injl ammation become obvious and persist will call for the help of the First Aider and Home Nurse. The first essential is Rest, the second Elevation wi th support for the affected part. A septic finger or hand needs a sling; a septic foot must be rested up on a pillow. The natural process of Inflammation should be assisted and Suppuration (the formation of pus) encouraged. The Home Nursing Textbook of the S.J . A.A . describes on pages 163-167 methods of fomentation and poulticing. It is wise to let a doctor see the case and advise you from time to time. When pus has formed, unless it shows signs of immediate escape, again consult your doctor, as he can help matters considerably towards resolution and repair by an incision to release it. Once the pus has been evacuated no more will form, unless contamination of the wound is caused by bad asepsis on the part of the Home Nurse or of the patient himself. (First Aid Textbook, S.J . A.A . , page 94, and FIRST AID October, 1931) . The discharge of pus may be fo llowed for a while

1+0

FIRS T

by an escape of possibly blood-stained serum, and then the wound should rapidly close and heal, the few germs left in the tissues being kept harmless by the over\Vhel m in a preponderance of protective blood substances. 3. If the germs -wt'n-\ Vith the graver results of acute and severe infection, Infective Gangrene and general" Blood-poisoning," we \Vill not deal at this stage. Both conditions may come under the care of the Home Nurse, particularly in such circumstances as on shipboard or in the Colonies, where hospital treatment is not available.

4. In cases 'where" the germs are checked but not conquered," a chron ic abscess forms withi n the ring-fence of tissue- reaction, as described in para. 4 (back). So we get a collection of walled-in, non -spreading, but still living and harmful germs, pent-up in one spot, but doing active and prolonged damage to the body generally through the toxins they produce. Vve gave the example of Pulmonary Tuberculosis with such a colony established in t~e lungs, but the condition may be due to many ktnds of germ and may be in any situation. The treatment may be local and general . Locally, it will vary with the type of germ and the situation of the trouble. Generally, it will include measures to improve the patient's general health and to increase the resisting power of his blood, careful nursing being important. (Home Nursing, S.J.A.A., page 130-149). The treatments of these last two instances of Infection and Inflammation have not been dealt with here at length, since they open up widc considerations of medical and nursing practice, which are referred to in the Home Nursing Course. But notice that they follow on logically from our study of simple tissue infection, as in a septic finger, and the simple inflammation which results. At the bottom of things, the main lines of the fight between Disease and Health boil down to Germs versus Blood-the germs with their weapons, ferment'S, ptomaines, toxins, against the defensive mechanisms in the blood, leucocytes, antibodies, antitoxins. And S0 from the simple case of the septic finger we can go on and bui ld up our understanding of the broad outlines of the theories behind the Home Nursing treatment of all diseases due to germs. That will bring us to allied subjects. such as Immunity, passive and active, Vaccine treatment, and other measures affecting the power of the blood to deal with germs and their toxins, and to our study of the changes that occur in the Febrile state, and its Nursing treatment in its varying manifestations. Home Nursing, like First Aid, is logical, and the Home Nurse should try to get a broad connected view of the subject as laid down in the St. John syllabus. The various chapters in the Textbook may seem to be isolated, but they are a ll part of a connected whole, which is beautifu l in. its

A I D.

simplicity if the ba ic principles are seen. To see the road clearly he lps \l to arrive- and the road leads us to a state of grace wherein we may be ju tified by our works, and to the perfecting of ourselves to our calling of compassion and aid.

Methods of Resuscitation. * By GILBERT BUR TET, 1\1. ., LB., Ch . B. , Chief Surgeon, . F.B.A . (Conthw ed frolll page [ [ 2 J.

Jl10re Portable Apparatus. In spite of th e successes which have attended these methods, there is no doubt that if they were mor portable more lives would be saved. In 1927, Dr. \Vhitridge, working on th e sphere of ancesthetic , devised a portable apparatus for the use of medical men only. He made use of the fact that when the 0 in the air spaces in the lungs exceeds t he norm a 6 per cent. even by . .!, per cent., a fLlller movemE n l of the whole lung tissues occurs . Ther i mo rle complete filling and more complete emr:tying; a better cwceshesia and less tendency to pneumoni a His apparatus, as designed for the do tor\" bag, consisted of a supply of carbon-dioxide con tained in the well-known" parklet" bulb. Thi, was the forerunner of the parklet R c suscitator, an apparatus which is portable enou gl to be carried by a ch ild. I t con iSIS of a fa cL piece, a breathing bag, and a metal ca c contai n ing a sparklet bulb. By a turn of a winged n ut carbon-dioxide may be admitted to the bag, which , moderately filled, delivers a small jet of tbe g as into the centre of the face in such a way that it adds about 5 per cent. of carbon-dioxide to the ai r breathea through the portholes of the face piece . The apparatus is enclosed in a case \\'eighin g about four pounds and carries six spare bulbs of carbon-dioxide. This method I will descr;be as : Sclzafers' hIe/hod 7,enllz Carbon-dz'oxz'de and A z'r. -In cases where there is suspended animation , the face piece is strapped over the face, the bag filled with carbon-dioxide and kept moderatel y distended while an ordinary Schafer's method is carried out. In less severe cases, marked only by deficient respiration, a few inhalations from th e bag will probably save the necessity of artificial respi ration. I am absolutely satisfied wit h the efficiency o f this mode l. Before usi ng it for actual work, I tested it on a stranger. (I can confidently recom -

* A Lecture given by Or. Gilbert Burnet, M.C. , at th e Eastbourne Conference of the National Fire Brigades' Association, October 19th and 20th, 1933.

FIRST

December, 193 3.

Deeem ber, 1933 .

men d anyone of you to try it yourself.) I chose a boy scout. IIe expressed his willingness, but I d id not want to bias his opinion by telling him what to expect. After adjusting the apparatus during my l1rst ex ne riment, his pul e rate and breathing was so ra pid that I decide I it was not a fair trial. His 0\\ 1 words explained the position: ., I thought th, s ome e~il-smelling gas was going to put me Oll," ,r adJ~sted the face piece a second time, wile n hIS excItement had subsided. IIis respiratiC"lS became visibly deeper, and their rate iner l'Sed from 20 to 32 in one minute. IIis own \\ 'r J at th end are d criptive: •• I felt my chest \\ , to o small and wan ted to push it ou t. ' I have already had excellent results in practi , , Perhap I may be allowed to quote an e. re me ca I \\as invited to assi t at a complic ' I confinement at \\ hich a dead bahy \Va a nti c ipated. l rdinar), methods of artiflcial rc p lration \\ ere tried without any ~ign of succcs , a nd th ca c \\ as on idcred hopelc 's. Eventual ly , prcc,surc on th ahdomen ",as repeated four ti m ' ; during thc fir ,t three time carbon-dioxide a nd a ir \\a s lI')cd from the ' parkkt Re u citator \\ ith o ut .re lilt; the fourth time I gavc full gas un le r s llghl pn:s~ure (hrou crht about by "queel.ing tlH ha g ), and til re \\"as an immediate response. '[ he c hild is ali\'c and "ell. F or all pra ti al purpo es, the admini tration of ca rho n-dioxide and air by thi~ method requires no pec ial training. If there i no gas comin a \' Iinder, insert a new char Mcye- a few fr m the Sl: mi s ' \york; if the p a tient i baettin cr too much . . gc.s, It ",til be' Indi 'a~ d by rapid br athing. .I

I'E I\L

E\IERGE:-\ ' IES.

CarboJl-JloJlox/de [>oz'sol/l·ng. - Two type of e may b encountered: 1. An un OilS iOlls per on Iyin a in an atmospi. re of carbon-monoxide . \Vhether the scene is at l e gas oven of a cottage, or ina deep cellar af r an explo ion, lir a nt fresh air must be the Ii I. s tage of the rescue, follow d immediately by S( 1)afer's method . This can be continued until ca. bo n-dioxide or oxygen are available. Initial tr ':l t ment should hc carrie lout before wastin cr ti l. e waiting for an ambulance. In the call for a~ an- b ulance, instructions must be given for the su ,l p ly of oxygen, which is so essen tial for the trC...lt ment of carbon-monoxde poisoning even wh n normal breathing has been established. 2. The fireman who is showing the exc iteme It of carbon-monoxide intox ication. This CO l "li tion requires special care; any moment he may collagse . His breathing is quite crood and ane this fact shou ld be taken advanta~e of i m~ ed i at~ly. Carbon -dioxide or any othe~ respiraory s timu lant is unnecssary, but if pure oxygen ca n be administered at o nce, large amounts of C

A I D.

141

carbon-monoxide will be eliminated, and a great dea l of tissue damage avoided . It is not a disadvantage to use a mixture of oxygen and carbondioxide inasmuch as the latter ensures better lung action than normal breathing. On no account must he be allowed to return to normal duty.

(To be concluded.)

The Hospitallers' Club. AT the meeting held on Friday, December 8th, an address was delivered by 1\1r. A. Mace on "The Story of St. Dunstan's." This wonderful work was started i:1, 1919 at t. :\Iarks College, Regents Park, by SIr Arthur Pearson. The workshops have no\\' b en transferred to the an nexe at Brighton. There n.1en are trai ned in trades and professional occu patlons. St. Dunstan's have a watc:hin a Interest in the home life of the men who come under its care al though spread over the four quarters of the world in Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and even Hong Kong, as well as every part of the B r i tis hIs I es. orr.e 2,000 men are still being cared for by the wonderful organisation. :\lr. ~Iace also demonstrated the brai I pri n ti n a mach i ne operated hy the blinded men. This newest invention enables buth sides of the paper to be used. Such interestin~ things as a watch, voltmeter and playing cards, which the men use, were exhibited. The lecture proved to be of more than ordinary interest. The Annual General leeting will be held on January 19th, 1934, when a roll call of all members will take place.

------. -- .-----ome 250 persons were pre ent at a social held on November 20th by the Coventry City Di"ision , S.J.A. B. Fi,'e teams took part in an ambulance competition, limited to corp and di,i ' ions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade within a distance of not more than twenty mile from Fleet,,·ood. The FJeeh"ood halJen~e Cup \Va won by Thornton-Cleyeleys with 239 marks. Other cores were - Ban"ow-in-Furnes , 232 marks; Preston, 230; Pree~all, 215 ; and Blackpool, 107. . TIlE 56TH FIELD Al\lBULA ' E 1 Til DI\'ISIO I (A.T.N.). It IS proposed to hold a re-union dinner of this recriment in London, on April 2 th, 193f. A Committee has been formed and they "'ou ld like to hear from old members. Particulars can be obtained from l\1r. F. 'V. Jone 83 Kilmartin-a\'enue, Norbury, London, S. vV.16, or 1r. Reg: ,\. Adams, " Brookly," Hinton, vVoodford Hal e, Rugby.'

When corresponding w ith mention FIRST AID." 1/

advertisers

kindly

FIRST

142

The

Brigade

St.

f ohn

A I D.

Ambulance

Dzst~zct

No I. (Prince of Wales ' s) District. OFFICERS' AN~UAL DI 'ER. - This function was held at the \Vharncliffe Rooms, Hotel Great Central, ~Iar)' lebone, on Saturday, December 2nd. About four hundred people attended, this being the largest gathering known at the annual dinner. Captain \V. Goodley, M.C., Commissioner, was in the chair. Among the guests were :-Lt. -Gen. Sir :\lymer Hunter ~reston, KC.B., D.S.O., R.E . , J.P., l.P., Chancellor of the Order of St. John; Major General Sir Percival Wilkinson, KC.M.G., C.B., Secretary General and Director of Ambulance; Colonel J. L. Sleeluan, c.1\1. G., C. B. E., 1\1. V. 0., Chief Commissioner, Brigade Overseas; Colonel G. A. l\loore, C. 1. G., D. S. 0., Assistant Chief Commissioner; Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, Assistant Surgeon in Chief; Lt.-Colonel F. A. Brooks, M.D. ; Sir Hugh Turnbull, K B.E., Commissioner of City of London Police; Sir Herbert J. Creedy, G. C. B., K C. V. 0., Permanent L nder Secretary of State for \\'ar; Major J. H. Bankes, 1\1. D., County Controller, London; l\Irs. Jasper \Vhite, J.P., ~layoress of Stoke ewington; Captain A. N. Cahusac, 1\1.c., Chief Secretary, St. John Ambulance Association; Captain \V. J. V. Pontin, M.B.E., Director of Stores, S.J.A.A. ; Captain Oakes Jones, 1\ I. B.E. , F.S.A., 1r. H. W. Fincham, F.S.A., Assistant Librarian, and 1\1r. J. Crossman. Letters of apology for absence were received from the Sub-Prior, Earl of Scarborough; Iaj or General Sir John Duncan, Chief Commissioner; Lady Perrott and Lord Trenchard. Captain G. \V. Kendall, Assistant Commissioner, Eastern Area, proposing the toast of the guests, expressed the opinion of everyone when he said how pleased he was to see the late Commissioner, Lt. -Colonel F. A. Brooks, present. Sir Percival \Vilkinson and Sir Hugh Turnball replied to the toast. Sir Hugh paid tribute to the District for the assistance given on such days as Lord Mayor's day and on occasians of R oyal visits. "You have given very willing- co-operation," he said, « and I do not know what 'vve should do without you. " He congratulated Captain Goodley on his promotion to Commissioner, and hoped that he would have many years of successfu l leadership of No.1 District. The toast of the Prince of \Vales's District and the Chairman was proposed by the Chancellor of the Ord er, Sir Alymer Hunter Weston, who made a very witty and enjoyable speech. He said that be was actually proposing the toast" Ourselves," and remarked that it was like the old Scottish toast of " Hae's tae us, whae's like us? dam few. II "In 1932,'.' he said, "nearly 20,000 cases were treated, and 96,000 dutIes performed by members of TO 1 District. In 1932 the District strength was over 7,000, consisting of 5,000 men, 1,500 women, and 500 cadets. The headquarters staff numbered 33. " When I see members giving up their leisure time in helping the sick and suffering, it gives me a g low of pride to have an) thing to do with such men and women as you." Sir Alymer outlined briefly Captain Goodleys career in the Brigade. Captain Goodley, he said, gained his first certificate in 1895 and was promoted Superintendent of the first Division ot No. 10 District, Cambridge, in 1911. He became District Officer, Eastern Area, No. 1 District in

December, 1933 .

Reports.

1924-, Public Duty Officer in 1927, and Assistant 0111 111 issioner in 1930, the e last two offices being held tO~Clh e r until hi appointment as Commi ioner in June, 1933. Efficiency was the keynote I)f aptain Goodley'S fI.: _ ponse. Although there were 1,000 r cruil thi year, he considered numerical trength econdary to eOlcienc) . "For 50 year ," he aid, "\ye hene carried out Pub ic Dutie ide b).' side with the :\Ietropolitan and ity Pol i 'e and have been allotted positions in line with the m 11 f those forces, an honour of which we should he jully pro ud, it i up to e\'ery onlcer and member to bring- their efllcicn y to such a standard a to be worthy of this honcur. " Efficiency can only b ecured by a-operation, a J unless we have that co-operation we cannot reach the hi Th standard of efficiency I am anxiou wc ~ho\lld attain a nt.! which would make me a proud of th District as . ir Hugh Turnbull is of the ity Police." " Never once in my recollection ha\'c \\'c \ er had I) turn a duty down becau e we could not get enough men t do it, our members are alway ready and anxiou~ to C.lr n out the duties allocat d to them by tl{e Public Dut) flieu·." Not all duties, however, were of a ceremoniou" nat ulc and among them were om which did not bring the BrIgade very much into the public eye. Captain Goodley mentioned particularly the duties n connection with the t. ;\lartin.\ ociation (lim ble s l11l 1) which often entailed accompany ing it mcmbl'r on ex cursions and parades. The limble ' men' annual \'i it to '1 battlefield meant 36 hour conlinuou attention bv the Brigade members in attendance. This was a dUly wl;ich cal I for the sacrifice of a whole week-end, and it 'i<lid much hr the keenness of the member in being willing- and eVen anxious to volunteer. There was also a shelter at \Vaterlaa at which th tir men attended night aft r nig-ht, administering to the tit torn and sore feee of the" dO\\'n and out." "\'Vhile this spirit of brotherhood exists," he said in conclusion, "we can never go wrong." No. .f (LEYTOX A, 'D LEYTONSTONE) Dn'IsION.-A wrecked lorry with its driver suffering from an injurl; foot and his mate with serious spinal inj uries, a demolish e: gas lamp standard causing a serious escape of gas and t1 ' prompt arrival of a party of Ambulance men who soon Sl • the minds of onlookers at ease by the efficient manner I 1 which they dealt with the occasion. Such was the scen. on December 6th) 1933, for the Annual Competiti ( j between" A" Coy., trained by Amb. Officer Broom, and " B" Coy., trained by Amb. Officer Barker, of thh Division for the "Evans" Perpetual Challenge Cup, trophy presented to this Division by Div. Supt. G. J. Evans. Both" A " and" B " teams were in fine form and th , task of judging was not easy. Div. Surgeon D. S. Todd White who la cted as judge said his work had beep ext r emely difficult owing to such a fine display on both sides and if he had been asked to name the better teal l before totalling the points he could not have done so. rt B " team (CorpI. Matthews, Ptes. Ayre, New, Lyon, Davey) were eventually announced the victors with 438 points. "A" team (Sergt. Ager, Ptes. Belfield, Sharman Figes, Gillings, secured 4181 points. Both teams receiving warm applause.

Dccember, 1933.

FIRST

III pre clIting the Cup, Sir James B. Slade, J.P., Prc:-idcnl 0 f the Di \ i<.,j()Il .. ~tated he klll'w the spectat()r~ \\ au ld agree with him that it had been a \' ery excellent :1.'1(1 l11strLlcti, e cVl'llillg. He drew attention to the work d the Division in thc Borough of Leytull and to its : ,ti \'itic he)()I1<] the IIolll1daries and also rc:ferred to the 11(,\\ h ' iormed Cadet Divi 11)11 attached tC) the Division ',HI '\\arml)' c0l1~rat111atecl the two m Cl11hers \\h(J had l' clL rtak en Org"anISIll~ same. D i\. ~llPt. Evan" thanked :11' Jamc<., . lade for his attl' ndance; thL' Di\,. Stlr~c(Jn for hi') \\-ork ill arranging :.nc1 jwlg'ing 111C CCll1lpditlOll: and ~Ir. J. Sayer for kindly Il Illiing the equipml'nt n cce 'sar)' for staging the scene and h L' xpre sed the hope tha t the puhlic might learn from t' ( in ui"idual tes ts . o ne of which included the treatmen t CI a \roman wilh her dres in flam e s. how be t to d eal , Ith ell1ergencie '. c

• ' 0.20 (IIA;\II'STE\IJ ) ])1\ l"lO _· .- On Sunda\·. 1 To\em b( r :?6th . th ~' 1-1aIl1Jl<;t ' ad ])1\ iion h eld its An l1l;a I Church P.Lradl' a t Trinity J1n.: sbytt:riall ( 'hurch, High Street, ]f;.mjls tea d, II.\' kind ilwi tatinn of the P L \". ·halmc.rs LYOll, I l ::\l ini' l' r. :t lld of th l ( hurch ,C..,IOI1. \'" a c{)l11pli J nt t Cl I h ~ A .. i. tall l . urgeo n JO - Chiei. Dr. Corbet Ilctche r. w h o is a lll e ll1l l( r of the. Chllr ch and Illstitut ed Ihi Church Para de \\ h l' ll he wa" Surg l oll tn the Hamp~ del Di,·i .'io n. ~a ptail1 J\. C. \VhiLL Knox, the As t. (' Jmmis ion e r, anct iCJn ed a ge neral inVItatIon to neighh uring- D i· t riet . th e res ult bl:ing a plendid rally of 265 ~ ll11hers o f Amhulanc e . . ~ ur ' ill~ and Cadet DIvision \\ ;thi n .' orth e rn Are a. \\ her by a record attendance wa C ahli 'IH'c! fnr the ,\ rca. ' The parad e a'sl' 1l1j,ll~ d in the playg' roul1d attached to Ib, UI\'i ' io n:!1 fh<1<iqu a rt ' rs: and> a cco mpanied by the I'l:ga<!e .' t l'wa rd in charge of a Cnlc )ur Guard from c' nlra l Ar C'a .. and wi t h th e Di.., t ric l Band lead ing. it . reh'd to til \,; "hllrch wh e re it ,,'a' joincd bv th e ( mmi :' ioll c r. Ca pt. \\'. Goodley, the Di:triet ~l1;geon. C pt. F. E. fkn d ix, th e ollllt) .'urgeon. Dr. "\\~ ..\. Ree , ado hl' r mcmhe rs nf th e DI~' rlCl .~tarf. The ::\Imi ter ~ran~(' d a hr ig-ht sen'ice which ll1clud cd the Brigade h 1111 a nd . pccial praYl::r: for The Ord e r. and after extcl1din' a cordial wclcomc and yoicing" the thank of the cr lera l public to the Brigade. he preached an in pirillg mo n which was much appreciated by all ranks. . \fter the s cnicL the parade ,,,as drawn up in \yi.Il~u ghby Road, and inspected by the A t. urgeon-in( "'let. who congratulated the member on their smartnes clnd efficienc) and also thanked them for turning out in . ~lch ll~u~bers on such a raw day. Later. llpported by the \,~mm1! loner and the r-.rinister, he took the alute at the C.lll:ch door ,\ hen the parade. led by the Asst. Com 1111'SSloner for ~orthern Area .. proceeded on a short route march through the Borough. ::\Iuch of the credit of the Stl.( ~e ' of the parade was due to t hc strenuous efforts of DI Supt. \\' . (~. "\Varrcn \',:ho. in spite of recent illne , P I so n a lly supcn ic;ecl all the l1lCC sary arrangements. E .\ST HAM.-The Ea t Ham and Intra-District Chalhield competition tonk place 011 aturday.. ovemher 1.1th at L1.thol11 Road School) East Ham. On this OccaS IOn a new trophy was presented for competition by ~rl.. ]. Jacobs. This was a handsome solid silver cup. the ollJect of ,,,hich is to perpetuate the memory of the wife ot :\Tr. Jacobs. F ,.I tlclges . for the event ,,,,ere District SUI:g-eon Capt. D" ". Bend~x. C::0unty . urg-eon Dr. Stuart, Dlv. Surgeon I. F. McKettnck. J.P., and Di trict Officer C. T. Fitch. . The team te t was excellently staged. hUl110~r bein o' ;n t.roduced by a "tramp 'J who strenuously objected t~ WIng awakened hy "amateur doctors." The work done

len rc

A I D.

143

l,'y competitors, on the whole, was of a high standard. The ca e set was that of two men who. whilst out shoot ing, climbed a fence. In so doing one man slipped. fraclured thigh and left clavicle and at the same time di,, charged his gun in the direction of his pal's arm. Com pL'litors had to improvise a hurdle for a stretcher. At the conclusion of the competitions, 11r. Mark J I arris, president of East Ham Division, presided over the presentation meeting, the results being announced by A/O A. E. Amhler, who was responsible for the arrangements, as follows :-1, Beckton, S33~; 2, East Ham, 531 i; 3, \Voolwich, .f84~; 4, II ford, 4721; S, Grays, 43n; 6, Dag·enhalll. 384~: 7, SOl1thend. 368. The new " Jacobs" cup and other trophies were presented to the successful teams. A fittee! oak writing- hureau 'v":as presentee! to A/O Walsby, who was being transferred to another district after 16 years with East Ham. "\ Tote of thanks to judges, donors and those who had a i ted in any way brought the proceedings to an encl. Among those present was Asst. Com. Dr. Kendall. l\fr. and Mrs. Harris, Mr. H. Lussman, Vice-President; -;\Ir. J. Jacobs. donor of the new Silver Challenge C up. Councillor J. B. Harper and Mrs. Harper; Councillor and Mrs. Boultwood, upts. Atkins, Gray, Hallock and Ash; Lady Supts. ::\fis Smith)· Mrs. ::\forrish, Mr . Samp on. and ::-..ri s Swann. TWICKEl\'I~f.-On Monday,' December 4th, the No. 84 (Twickenham) Diyision held its Second Annual Competition at York House. A realistic scene had been staged by Supt. P. H. nettles. of Richmond. in which the team, on its way to a duty, met a cyclist who had been knocked down while coming round a bend on a steep hill. Two further cyclist appea r on the scene and complicate matters by knocking nut one of the team and damaging themselves. keenly fought contest between Kingston (the trophy holders) and the home Division resulted a follows: -Kino-ston. 116 points; Twickenham) 123 points. The team which brought the shield back to its own district wa captained hy Pte. C. R. Jones. who was supported hy Ptes. H. S. Banks, G. Wake, and W. A. Tohnstone. Gratitude is due to the judge. Supt. Bettles for presenting both intere ting and instructive problems, ane! also to several members of the Richmond Division, who a cted as patients.

No. II. District. GosPoRT.-The members of the Gosport and Alverstoke Division held an Ambulance Sunday) on November 18th, in the hall of the Gosport Brotherhood. It took the form of an afternoon service with Supt. O. J. Francis in the chair. The address was given by '\[ajor C. G. H. Morse.. M.R.C.S .. Assistant County Commissioner. Others present included C/Lieut.-Col. W. E. Pittard, County Commissioner, Col. Norman White, members of the Town Council and officers of the Portsmouth Division. A vote of thank was proposed by Col. N. White to all ,,,,ho had made the function a success. SOUTI-IsEA.-In the September issue of this Journal pa rticulars were given of a man' gallantry in re cuing three persons from drowning. On November 27th at Port mouth Police Court the Lord Mayor of Portsmouth (Alderman Sir Harold Pink. J.P.). presented a Royal Humane Society's Certificate on parchment to Pte. V. H. T. Maxted. a member of the Southsea Division to commemorate his noble deed.

FIR S T

1++

In making thc prc.entation the Lord 1-,Iayor sai? t~a~ the certificate recounted a mo t cOl1ragcOtL ~ct) an? l,L \\~. 11Iaxted was enclo\ycd WJth pel a ppa ren t tllat 'II' ~\. d d Cjl11cl" . ,' "-. cc tio11 and prompt action. He l~ad sl:ccce e 111 sa ~ 111:thf.cc liYes in one attempt .. and 111S actIon br?ught CICellt UpOl1 himself and the 5t. John :\ml~111ancc Rne:acle. L

Dcc 111 b r, 1933.

A I D.

Dcce m be r, 1933.

NUXE \Tox.-The anllual compelitiol~ belwe~n "mclllkr:, of the ::-J uneaton Divi ion for the . 1\Ia.) or <;l1P, prc-e11lecl ill 1930 1)), Lhe thcn 1\Iayor (Dr. 1.. E. PrIce), \\ as held at the i\mhuhll1cC' Hall on Sunday, (wemhct'

No, V. District.

W.K YORKS, V.A.JJ.-The

\.() .

:',1\

No. 111. Oisttict. XORTILUIPTOX.-The annual competition for the ,. ~Iarquis of Xorthampton " Cup took place at the Headquarters, King Street, on ~a~urday, ~oyel11ber 25t~) ~933f This cup which \\'a gn'en ~~' the late 1\Ial qUlS 0 ~ortha111pton, is open for competltlOn by teams from th~ :\'orthampton Corp) inc1uding the Borough .. the Count, Police \yithin the area of the ?\ orthampton Corps. . E The Tudae were Dr. \Y. E. Audland, ~I.B. ., ~I.RC ., - CO~11Ini ioner for the County of Oxforcltretcher Te t; and Dr. Eric Shaw, ~I.p., B.S.:..'. D.P.H .. of Xorthampton-Yiva Yoce and IndIVIdual. SIX teams tered-two from Headquarters, Northampton. one from ~,~ eedon Division, two from Borough Police and onc from County Police (Towcester). After a most interesting contest th.e J l1dfes placed the teams as follows :-1, Borough Pohce (:-'::0. 1), 301 marks; 2, Xorthampton Headquarters (~o. 1) . 282; :;, Borough Police (No.2), 262. The prize for the b.est indi:' idual \\'ork was won by Pte. G. Clue of Northampton \\'Jth 40 marks. A large number of visitors were present inc1~lding the ).Iayor and lIayoress of X orthampton (Coun~J1lor ancl ?\1rs. E. Allitt), Dr. L. \V. Dryland, of Ketterl11g, C.o,m missioner for ~ orthamptonshlre, Dr. H. F. Percn al. O.B.E., Hon. Surgeon for Northampton, County Office~ \V. H. Perciyal, Chief Constable A: A. Ferguson, Co~nt) Police: Supt. Afford, Borough Pollce; 111'. G. \V. ells. ~Iiss L. ~'Ia\\'by, ::\'I.B.E.. Lady Corps Sl1Pt. ~I1SS K. Bradford, A.RRC; Lady Supt. :0.Irs. Lleve~ley, Spencer Diyisi01~;. ~ady Amb. 9fficer ~IISS ,Har?son. Headquarters Dn'lslon; Dr. EmIly Sha\\, ),11 s. \\. H. Percival and ~Irs. \V. E. Ed\\'ards. . . At the close Dr. Dryland, \\'ho was 111 the cha11', called upon Corps Supt. \V. E. Edwards to announce .the result. The ~Iayore then pre ented the cup and prIzes to the winners. . The judges made a few remarks. Dr. A:udland said he was well satisfied with the work done, \\'h~ch reflected great credit on the teams who give so much bme to make themselves efficient. In proposing a hearty vote of thc:nks to t~e Mayor and ~layoress for their presence, the Chan-man saId how grc: te ful they were to them for sparing time to attend dur111g their busy term of office. Both the Mayor and ~Iayoress replied, saying it had given them great pleasure to be present. . d 1 A vote of thanks was proposed to the J u ge~ ))' Corps Supt. Vl. E. Edwards, who said they \\'e~e esp~C1ally Glad to have Dr. Audland amongst them aga111 as It was that gentleman and the lc:te 1-,1r. T. H: W~olston who \v~:-e the promoters of the Bngade ,~ork 111 Northamptonshll e. In the vote of thanks he also 111cluded Sl1Pt. Lloyd, Officers and members of the Headquarters and all who had assisted them in making the arrangements. . Tea was provided by Mrs. Bland, who was assIsted by members of the Tursing Divisions. The arrangements for the comp~titio11 were made by Corps Supt. Vv. E. Edwards, assIsted by Supt. A. Lloyd, Sergeant H. Bland, members of the ~orthampton Headquarters Division. . , The cup has been won four years Ill. succeSSlOn l)y tllC Borough Poli\(' llnder Inspector GOf)dw111. T

:v\

::it. John Ambulance

Brigade V.A.D. Reserve CompeLition was held in thc \mbl1lancc Hall, Wor boro', near Barnslcy, by kind perI li' iOIl of County Surgeon Dr. K. II. Beverley) on Saturthy, ovember 18th, for the "Bingham" Cup. The po sible number of marks was 100. Results: 1. \'akefield, 9,H; 2, Worshoro' No.1, 86; 3, Vvorsboro' No. 76; 4, Barn Icy, 74~. The winning team con isled 0 ( ~ crgt. II. Bedford (Captain), . ergt. W .. qui rce;. Ptes. H. rng-ham and ] .• heard. The presentalion of thc " Bingham" 'up and other trophies by Lady G. n. ~ . Jackson (wife of Gen. Sir C. II. ~. Jack 011, Officer Commanding- We t Riding ,\ rea) took place at I farc\\'oocl Barrack, Leeds. on Saturd. \.\o\,emhcr 25th. Tho, e pre ent included thc Lord '\ [it} ()r and :\IayorL . s oj Leccl . l1rig·.-Gen. ,'andy (County Cnntrolkr). Col. T. ~. Coate. n.D.:\r.s., Col. W lar ;~l1d 10m. Elsl' L J..\.D., ~ TO . .:; Di<;lrict).

':6t h. The judges \\ ere pr. . J. I I) II asoll (" urge~)I~? \' ,'. ,th \P'u\\ ickshlre Corp ), pracilcal. and ~r. flatl l 1 I 1e ~\Ol \ ( D' .. ) Tho111 011 (surgeon. Leamington S.pa 1\ ISlOn, it vocc. For the practical test competItors had to tl e~t a ho~ \\ ho had fallen on to a. spike and ~\ hyse a.rm was lmpal:'c. Six minutes \\'a al10\\'cd and a slIl11lar tIme for the Vl\, ~. \ nce. P The re ult \\ as a tic betwecn Corpl. L()o~ns an? (e Coupland followed by Ptc:., Dunklc). The W11111er 111 th e rlInior celion \Va Pte. G. Upton. . , (' t 1r H Han-i.. \yho was 111 charge ,)up. \\" 1 Iuf th l arrangements. proposed a \ ote of than~.;:· tn t 1C (octor .. Corp; Officer J. Donham ane! ~lIPt. II. \\ l' (on CDcc1\\'nrth for their a si tancC'. J.

FIR S T

"Y.

A I D.

145

1I1iles jn conveying- 50 pati(:nts. Thanks were due fnr the help of the ladie . The Chairman said the work done by the Ambulance had been done without any charge on the rates. All of it was voluntary work and any work done is free service. Every member knows he has done something in a way of service to obtain his reward. Dr. E<.ran, in responsc to a \'ote of thanks, said the appreciation of his work was of more value to him than any remuneration. It was particularly a great pleasure to him to work with the men who were so keen and happy, \\ hich had truly been a great help, and he had been helped by Supt. \\'hittall. He did wish to bring home to the public the value of St. John Ambulance. He urp;ccl all to SUppOl't it and bring it before the public. He asked them to remcmber the efficiency of the work going ()n ane! being done by the e men. He thanked !vIr. \\'hiltall, :\1r. lIale and the men \\'ho go with the Ambulance. TIc looked fOf\\'arcl to next winter to going on

No. IV. (Lancashire) District R\l~RO\\,FURD. Prnmn(ed h) the Harrowfnrd Di~· i . in l. ill aiel of the general funds! a r1an.ce was held 111 th ( Central Council School. ancl met WIth a gO(Jd "'h~re ot patronage. Dancing \\'as~lIHIlIlgc~~ in to the stra111, " I11ILic sllpplied hy the" Crescent Dance RIIl(!.

DURY.-Lic:ut. \\' , R George ha ,' hCl'n promoted .:( Captain in the Ro: al Arm:' :\Iedical orp--. t, aptal I Geor<re IS a son of the late ~Ir. \\'. E. Geo~~L. nl liu.r ). and ~ an old bo) of the TIm} (~ram!11ar ~chn()~, wh l(, 1 he left to volunteer lor scn ice in the Doer \\ ar ae; memher of the 5t. John .\mbulan<:,e Dri::;adl. IIe w en· t() France with the ExpedItionary h)!'ce 111 ugll . t: 191 ... and saw en' icc there throughout tl1l' \Var. IIe Ie; no stationed in the. outh of England. CLITIlEROE.-Al a \\'cll attendee! social pr?mllh:d the C1itheroe Division. and held at the Old " C~1n()1, ~'.: ~Iavor (Councillor R. ~Ianlcy) pre entecl to Pnvat<: \~. . 'mithson the. en' ice r.leclal of the Order. and to nr ul. I. Hoyle the Sen'ice ~Iedal Har. . ..\Iembers of the Divisiull no\\' hold 110 [CWL'l- th all ~ixteen Service 1\Iedals, \\ith t\\'cln bars. The ilIayor also prescntecl certificate'> to the sncce ... {til candidates in recenL examinations and warmly call "Tatulated the members upon the sllcce"s they contl11l1 C tr, ;chicve and upon the pllhlic c:en'icl. they cheerfully a,'d efficiently render. CHORLEY.-In aiel uf the funds 0 r the Chorl.ey Divi: sion, pupils of Miss Beatrice Thornley gavc a dl play C,t dancing at the Ambulance Hall) Chorley. 011 Wednesd~ , ='J11"cmber 22nd. 1'TAxcIIEsTER.-Thc Serving Brother 0 [ the Order of St John oi J erl1salem has been conferred on two Ope t1~h~w men. Thcy are Dr. J. W. Graham, Ashton Old Road Openshaw lecturer to Gorton Locomotive Workc; Amb~!1ance Corp~, and Div. Supt. James orth, of t he Openshaw Great Central Ambulance Dl\,lSlOl1.. , Supt. :N' orth served through the War With th e RA.M.C t1 Dr. Graham is the Territorial "\'1edical Officer to l e 8th Manchester Regiment, attached to Ardwiek Barracks.

t:-.. .

ORRELL.-Members of the Orrell Division formed an archway of bandages at the we~cl~ll~ of M~-. Th o~. Durgess a Seraeant in the Orrell DIVISlO11, to MISS M. Taylor, 'claught~r of Councillor /\. Taylor/ at St. 011 11 <., C.h111"ch, Pell1l1C'rtoll,

Trophic

Horsham Di\ isional Team-" Dewar" hield \\'inners, 1933. Chapman, Di\. upt. (no\\' District Officer) David Bryce, Amb. Officer F. Trott (captain), Di,·. upt. B. W. Jarretl, Pte. A. F. Phillips (re 'en·e). landing- : Pte>;. ]. Law, A. G. Burstead and E. G. Chase. Kent, . urfer and u 'lex hield, ., Locke" Cup, "De''''lr'' Shield, ".-\lexandra Clark II Cup, and "Symons Eccle II Shield.

The \\'akefield V.A.D. (\Vomen's Detachment) won orton" Cup.

the "1\Ir.

with the \york, and he hoped they would have a good llumber of recruits.

No. V II. District.

No. VIII. (Duke of Connaught's) District.

LUDLow.-The Annual Di tribution of A\'\'arc1 of the L ldlow Divi ion and Centre took place in the Council Chamber, Mr. Jobn Palmer occupying the chair. He was Sl Jported by Dr. Egan (Div. Surgeon), Ald. R Poyner (De puty 1\Iayor), Mr. H. IIodnett, Supt. Wl1ittall, Sergt. W ]. Beniams ( ecretary), Pte. E. A. Harri on (Treasurer al 1 Class ecretary). Mr. Harrison, in his report, thanked Dr. Egan for hi s voluntary services as lecturer. He also thanked Supt. Whittall for his intermediate explanatory and practical tu i. ion. ergt. W. ]. Beniams presented his report, which stated there were 26 members in the Brigade, Supt. Whittal1 srlicl the Amb ul rlllCe had travelled 2,400

C.\TERIL~L-Recent developments in the Caterham Divi ion include the promotion of CorpI. Ryder to the rank of mbulance Officer to take charge of the Divi ion, during the absence, on leave, of Supt. T. Tuckey. Hon. ergt. A. M . \Vorfolk has been promoted to Transport Officer to take charge of the Ambulance Car and arrange all the tran port work, as well as actina as Divi ional Secretary. CorpI. Sumner has been promoted Sergeant, after many years' service as Corporal, and to complete estabIi hmcnt, a competitive examination wa held recently, with the result that the following members were duly passed for promotion: Pte. ::'I1oo[e, Powles, ymond I YVeatherley.

1-t-6

FIRST

It was al'o decided rece1111: to imitc local gcntlemell to become Pre,ident and '-icc-Pre.ident. and 1\1r. J. C. Gardner and :JIr. c,. C. Tee haYe kindh' consented to fill the e po t .

' The Ladie.· 1 'ursing Dn 1-1011 i al 0 no" 111 full • \\ 111~'. under Lady Officl:r ':\Ir~. "\Yindish, and the memher. undertake tran~p()rt duties nn the "\mhuJancl'

Crtr. ITTI);,GBOeR);,E.-lom. E. A. Richards recently 111. peeted members of the Brigade at itlingbourne. The ittingbourne and :\Iilton mbulance Diyi ion \\ as uncler Supt. I. R. Dellee. the 1 ur es under Lady ~l1Pt. :'11' . Dohbie. and the Cadets under Amb. Officer T. L. Prior. The Green Street Ambulance Diyision was ~1l1der upt. 'Y. G. Ray. The whole of the parade being under the command of Di trict Officer T. Potts. :'1r. Richard) \yho wa . accompanied by -:\Iajor \Y. H. F. :\ able (A si rant Commi ioner) and Lady Di trict Supt. :'Ir . Falwasser, after in pecting the parade. witne eel variou tests. drill, etc., and subsequently COI1gratulated all pre ent on their efficiency. He also spoke of the road duty. remarking that he did a lot of trayelling by road and he could see the 'work the Brigade wa doing up and dO\Yll the country. -:\lajor Xoble thanked the Commi ioner for hi encouraging remarks. Lon o' service bars ",ere pre ented to Amb. Officer Rohin on (25 year) and Corpl. Huxted (20 years). :\'"EWHAYEX.-It is with regret we report the death of Pte. P. R. :'lant, of the 1\ ewhaven Division. Deceased \\'as laid to rest on oyember 8th. There v,as a large assembly of friend, and members of the Division lined the carriage-way. The coffin, on ,,·hich was laid the decea ed' cap and equipment, was borne to the ?:rayesic1e hy Brigade members. Pte. -:\Iant \\'as an actiYe member of the Diyision. also a keen competitor in the Southern Railway Diyisional C( mpetitions. haying been on two occasions ucces ful in gaining the ilver Cup. He was al a the holder of a eyen year' bronze medal of the S.R. Ambulance Centre. L

No. IX. District. FOXHOLE. - ;\lembers of the Foxhole Sl. Ste\'cJ1s Division, had their Annual Inspection at Headquarters on ),lonc1ay, Novemher 13th. The Diyision was inspected by Asst. County Com. "\\T. "\\'. Johnston. County Officer S. M. Landrey, of Bodmm, also attended. The senior members, 24 of whom were present under Supt. J. Lee, \'\Jere first inspected. The Cadets. 13 of whom were present under Cadet Officer Osborne, were then inspected in squad, stretcher and hand-seat drills, and ::vr r. Johnston was quite pleased with the manner in which they responded to their officer's instrucbons. After the inspection, 11r. Johnston congratulated the members on their appearance and the way in which they carried out their drills. The Division, he knew, had ndt been in existence very long, but he expressed his appro\'al of the progress it was making. During hi address) Mr. Johnston called the members' attention to the need of discipline and correct service records. These things had, throughout some Divisions heen rather slack in the past. It was each member'~ duty, he \vent Oil, to see that his year's record was correctly entered on the annual return before it was sent tu Headquarters, and failure to do this mig-ht mean loss of efficiency for that year. ' :'1r. J ohnstol1 aftenvards examined the secretarial t~easur.er's a,nd store-keeping record books, and expressed hiS satisfactIOn of the way in which they wer~ kept.

A I D.

Decem ber, 1935.

IJeccnlber, 1933.

LLSI E.\RD.-H,l'l'l·11tl) the Li~kl'anl 11i\ iSI011 paraded (1 1 their Headquarters for the Annual In pection. \\ hich '\,1 carried out by ount) Officer ~. M. Landry. The Cadets, undl'l' Cadet Officcr S. Sander", recelnd .l ie\\ kindly words and -.;age ac1\'ice fnlll1 the ill pectin1-. Ilfficer, who cono'ratlllated thelll Ol1 thur recent SLlcce 's a t :\C\\qllay, where they \\u1l a CUUllt) c(ll11}Jelltion. lI t l'xpre eel the hope they \\ ()uld go stdl f ur1her, and for lll a second team, in orcler to timlllate greater interest n il practice nights. After inspecting the 111 e11 , ::\I1'. La1ldr) \\ itnc.ssed tes t incorporating the four- and three-handeel seat. thl' hUl11a r1 tretchcr and two-handed :ert t . • quad drill <1n(l Stl etch er cl ril \. The parade over Supt. H. II. "\\\1111101h, U11 l)cha li of the Diyision, gave -:"fr. Landry a hearty welcome to Li kcard and thell outlinl'd their main (lcti"i1ic' in the fir t nine month of the current) car. rIc ;tCkl1()\\'kdt,:eci th valuable as istance rendered by the local Pre · S. and men tioned the Diyi ion had \·i itl:d Lnne with the ohject !If forming a class in that to\\ n. ' In the nine months, the amhlllallC'c car had heen engaged for -1-9 remO\'al . im'oh'ing a milcage oi 9S<i: an i 11 accident. again t 13 for the ",holl' () i 1932. ROS mil t heing covered; while public dutie. had taken the car -I ..'f) miles. Great prai e \\as due to one 1111: l11bcr (PlC'. J . Copple tone), who \ra 11 ing hi hotLl' at Lone ;.! ill ' a First Aiel station on a verv 1M tv Cf)r\1cr. and he h a 1 already dealt \\ ith 28 accidc:'nt' and two other ca . es. t hl: money subscribed in the First .\iel l)(lx ;tl11iltllltillO" 5 . nd. There ,vas a fine bach' (Ii 111en in the Uiyi. iOl . all keen Ambulance worker. l)l1t he would like to se ' . few of them put in more drill . Amb. Officer 1 . Piper reported that. a. th ' re ult ( f a mis ionarY viSit to Pensih·;:t six 111111 had jClillcd th Divi ion, an~l there were 16 cOllling- alonz altfli thu". the County Church Parade at Liskcarcl ill J lI11C. the. 'up l::r intendent raised the clc. irabilit\' ni thl' 1 )l\' i . iOll ~ frail nising more frequently, and in Cnl1. eqlH.' l1Cc J ,ikt' ard \\'{" tC' Falmouth in Tuh' to assist an Amhulance cf(l) 1'1 th u Li keard helieved -that more intcr-Di\ i~il)\1al 11H'l'lin would be a hlessing to the whole movcmcnt.

,I-

PLY11OUTII.-Information has heen rc(cl\' l'd that l' Chapter-General of the Order. has apprm eel the aware: of the Life- aving Medal in Bronzc of the 'l:l1era bh Order of the Hospital of 'to John of JlnlSalem in t'll' Briti h Realm to Corpl. Roland Johl1 "\Villiam., of t t: Plymouth Co-operative Division, St. John Ambu1ancl..· Brigade, for the manner in \\'hich hl n-.;ked hi: Ii fe 0 render First Aid when in charge of the Plymouth : . John Ambulance Crew on August 1st, 1933. on the occa sian of the serious cliff accident at R <.'nn)" ncar Plymouth.

had increased. This had made a call on the funds of the Division for uniforms and First A id equipment well over

,£+0.

No. X. District. CRo:MER.-The Vicar of Cromer (the Rev. E. M. LJavys) dedicated at the West End Garage, Beach Road, on Sunday. November 26th) the new motor Ambulance Car which has been bought for the Cromer Division. The new Ambulance, which is an Austin 16 h.p. ve hicle, cost £500. It will be able to carry two stretcher ('~ es, and pro\ isioll is also made for an attendant inside. 1 0ward the cost upt. and Secretary R. L. Randall saved 1: 100 out of the earnings of the old car; the Cromer Hospital Carniyal Committee gave £ 110; Headquarters gave £90 .at:d returned a sinking fund of £100; and the - ma1l11l1g £ 100 wa raised by a fete, etc. · ] he R~vs. R. "\V. Green and T. D. Robinson took part 111 the sc.n1ce. There were also present the District Commi siOl:cr, l1ajor J. F. C. IIossack, who gave an address, and .i\llss ITo ack. County Commissioner F. II. Barclay, CfJ t1l1ty Offic.er \V. II. BaIL, Div. Supt. R. L. Randall ( :romc.r), w1th Mr. Stanley Christopherson (President), J h'. Surg~O!l. Dr ~. BurtOll, representatives of neighb 'r lO~ Dn'lslOn , Cromer firemen, members of Cromer r. ~ncd:, and most sections of the religious, public and lal btl' of CrOI1ler. . 'peakill~ of motor acciclent , l\Iajor Hossack said T) lple blamed motori l ior the numerou aCCidents and ~ ne ral}y, said it was the fault of the motorit. Everybod; I d a rlg-ht to the road. but each had equal responsibilitie . ~he re were many accidents nowadays, but the Order of t JOhl1 taught people how to do the best in the case of riO lL accident until skilled attention arriYecl. Cromer, h w a~ plea 'ed to ny, wa \\'ell cquipped \\ ith a first-rate · ~bu~ance Di"i iOI1. \ hile the local Rcd Cross knew lh"l r ,~ob. lllncJcrn Ambulance Car ,\ a, therefore,

n la1.

Reviews. TH L l)l'DEI) OF TIlE ITO PIT~\L OF ST. JOHN. B) [J Llll') \\'nlter Fincham, F . . .\. torl', DI.. partlllcllt, Order of t. J Ohll, ')1. J llhn\ Gate, E. C.1. fJnc(: ('10/11 bound 1,0" Paper bOU1ld,) II. Thi~ \l)lul1ll: is the ... ccond edition l)f ~l 1'. Fincha1l1'~

.11t l UI:: (Y' Tilt Order (?/ '1. JOIIll, which, originall) published 111 1 ~1:>. has been out of print for some \·Cars. It contains a COil Ise n~Cl).unt of lhl' hislor) of the YC;lcrable Order, and a ~u ll dc~cnptlOll of the <lllcil'nt huildil1 o 's of thc Grand Prior\'

Lng'land at Clerkcn\\ ell. Furthf'r~ while the author can'further di-.;con?ries of the plan of the ancif'nt hu Idll1g-s, he deal-.; loqucntl\' and entllu iastically with rel'~' It .e\cnts, cspecially the es'tablishment of the :\luseuJl1 ~\'lllC!l .1 • a spE'cial pride to him as it Curator, and ~\'ith th~ :lC ~d lsltlOn of the great colkction of The Order's coinage ,ll1 l. of the Rhodes l\l issal. ' · .. [he author is \\ el l known to members of The Order antl Ib ~)ul1da1ions the Associalion and the Brio-ade-by rea on ll~ hl~ many y('ar~' sen'ice as A 'istant Lib ra ri?n tv T he ~:~Ier ~l1d as \\T~rden . o! its Priory Church wh ich has no\\' · c.n.rl:<;tored to Its onglnal owners and bui lder. I ndeed a \'IS lt to S1. J ohn's Gate is incomplete unle s it be conducted U~~ d : the g'enial and courteous guidance of Mr. Fincham \\ 1l IS ne\'er so happy as when hc, a true and lYreat H o _ rltal d' I ,) . ler ,Iscourses on tlC past and prese n t a lor:-.,ie. of T he \.ld c rofSl. J ohn. :-., , ' [he bool~ is a small quarto printed on superfine antique I,ud I)'tper \\' t l I " . . 111 a) be pu rc base d < I 1 a l ge margIn ; aneI It 111

11 0~ 1:<.: port

TORQu:\Y.-Torquay Division held its Annual Jnspl" lion on November 29th, six officers and 31 men being II paracle. The inspecting officer, Dr. V cnn Dunn (Coun ty 'urgeon), after an inspection of uniform and equipment. \\ atched keenly the men in company, stretcher drill al'd practical work. He complimented the Division on the ir smart appearance and also on the excellcnt work ;u d drill. There was only one Division that he had inspect ed could compare with Torquay. He urgecl the Division til keep trying in the County Competition. Supt. F. Horn assured the County Surgeon that the men were keen on their work. Their aim was to get a much larger Division with every man highly efficient apt! ready for any emergency. The records were examined, which showecl that 297 cases of sudden illness and accident had been treated by the members during the year. The strength of the Brigade

FIR S T

A I D.

147

?ound in cloth board with .gold lettering and gilt top. It is ll1tersper sed th r oughout With splendid half tone illustrations o n a fi n e q ua lity art paper. I n short, the subject matter and t h e sty le of production are such that tIle volume shou ld fi nd a place among the books of all those interested in the Ve ne rable Order of Sl. J ohn, and will make a very hand sOIr:e presentation book or souvenir for those who, i~norant of 1ts wonderful history, merit some recognition for their eff~r~s . to advance its interests and especially its modern nctlvltles, be these conneten with the .\ssociation the Brigade or the Hospita l in Jerusalem. '

- - - - ._. - - Detailed Marking Sheet, No. 42. TEA;\1 TESI. .I.t-iSTRUCTIONs.-You four, with full equipmenL, are walKIng to a competition \\-'hen in a busy street you .observe a young man lose his balance and fall headlong ~gall1st. the kerb. The day is dry but a bitiniS cold wi nd IS blo"'1I1g. Do \\-'hat you consider right in the~e rircu rn·tances. T ime limit, 17 minutes . NOTE FOR J .UDGE.-Patient to be lying on his right si d e red smear over nght eyebrow, cork strapped to right kneecap, face pal<:> ; and a public telephone kiosk to be "placed in corner of room . DETAILS OF TE T . Ha ten to patient; warn him to lie still .. , Keep crowd back j 1actfully request crowd to stand with backs to wind and protect patient 6 Speak to and touch patient (no response) '" 3 :\'ote breathing (J'es) ; if i1GCmorrhage viSIble (no) 6 r:ote If any def?rmity of limbs visible (no) 3 ~ ote puls~ \qUlck and 'weak) ; and breathing (shallow) .f ~ ote condition of eyes (no response to touch or 1igltt) 4 :\'ote colour of face and lips (pale) 2 C' ndo tight clothing; co\'er warmly 2 EXA;\llNATION FOR IN]eRIES. ' Head and face (u'ozmd right eyebrow) ... 3 Ask character of wound (gra::e, capillary bleedl'llg) 3 Left upper limb (no injuries) ... 2 Lower limbs (fracture riglzt knee-cap) .f .\sk \'ariet)' of fractu r e (simple) 3 :\'ow carefully turn man on to back ... 3 R ight upper limb (nil) ; chest (7lil) ; abdomen (nd) 6 Send bearer to 'phone kio k (£0 ),ards) ... '" 3 To 'ph~ne doctor (out) ; and ambulance (here presently) -t , (~\ ole-AJll. blllallce ~rrh'es S minutes afte1' reqUl·s/ti.tm.) To phone hospItal (1 l7lzle) and report accident 4To 'phone cause of delay to competition secretary .f TREADIENT' ,) I,,-eep head low and \yell on left side .. . Iodine own fingers first and then woun d .. . 3 \ Vith great care, ayoiding iodine gett ing into eye 5 Clean dry dressing and bandage ... 3 Str aighten and raise right lo\\'er limb 2 Long splint from buttock 10 right heel ... 2 r:ix plint \yith bandages round thigh and leg 2 UppOl't foot well off the ground 2 Narrow bandage to control knee-cap 2 Endem'o u r to obtain cold water 2 To apply O\'cr knee-joint and head ... 2 K eep patient warm throug-hout treatment 2 TRANSPORTI reparing, testing and placing stretcher ... Loading tre1cher a nd ambulance .,. 12 \.Vatchful care on route 3 Endeayour to establish patiell~;: identity::: ::: R epor.t at h~spital (conC1lSs/0Il, abms/o1l of e),fbr07l' and sllJlple jracturt! of hue-cap) 5 , eneral promptness and efficiency 5 c,\lW 01-

Total

135

F1RST

Decem bel', 1933.

A 1 O.

Przary for Wales. De\"elopl1lent~ in conn <.:lion with cllnbulance \\'ork among employees of road tran port undertakinos were carried a stage further at a meeting of the .\mbulance Committee of the Priory for \\Talc on 1\O\'ember 27th, \.\.'hen the ofTer .of a trophy from Mrs. Cornelius Griftllh for annua l competition amongst such teams \"a~ acceptcd . Legis lation mOyes 10\Y)y; and, while the Tran port Authoritics may be per uaded ultimately to agree to the introd u ction of modifications as far a ambulance prO\'i ions are concerned in any re\'i ion ot the Traffic Act, it must be in the general intere t to <.!nticipale certain mea urcs by \'oluntaryeffort. Th e anomalous poition in which driver~ and conductors of contract and expres carriages fll1d themselves in carrying fir t aid outfit while haying no knowledge of handling the equipment, is creating in them the desire to acquire the necessary training; and those employed on long distance servi ces, which are not expre s carriages for the p urposes of the Act, are howing a keen enthus iasm in the same direction. At the arne rlleetin~ the .-\mbulance Committee accorded its thanks to the Lad\' President of the Flintshire Centre, L ady Gladstone of Ha~"arden, C. B. F.., iL)r her generous offer to prm'ide a Roadside .\mbulancc upboard to bc

ambulance trophie::. in the near future as a num b I' of nc\\ classes ha\'e been tarted rc cntly, since the appo intment b\ the Sub-Prior (th Earl of Pl ymouth, 1'. C ) on behalf of tb~ Pri or (H. R.H . the I rinCl' of \\'ale ) of :\Ir. t ven J ones Chief Constablc of Cardigan<:;hirc, a oll1I11i s ioner. Th erl are already two st l-ong Unit of the Brigade in the Count), viz. the :\berystwyth and ,\hL'rystwyt h ur in g Di\'ision,> \\'ith an influ ent ia l ' upport~r in the per~0n of Lieut- Col G. Fo etL Robcrts, O. B. E.: and according to the activih whi ch has fol lowed the appointmcnt of the Chicf o n stabl in certain other centre.." n~, tabl\' Brecknoek hire, :\lr. Steyel J ones' acceptance of ollicc i'i "the harhinger of progres il Cardigan hire. BRIL ..\()J~ SEI~\ ICE :\\\'.\R D .

,\l1Ihulance Oniccr Thlllml~ P erkins, Sergcants Edw<ll'd joncs, G\\ il) 111 Thomas and Private C. II. \Villiallls. City of 'ardilr Centre. - Pri vates Frank \,'inkr Hnd t;('ort:c Fidler. I ~ \I~". Ilc,l(.lquartel talr. Lad) Lcwi~, U. B. l~. (.hsi!:>tant La th Supt.-in-Chief for \Vales). "Mtlntgol11('ryshire. COl1ll11issioncrR. D. Thomas, Corps S upl. TIenry :\ Inrri<;, Corps Sccretary John :'II. Bond and Lach Di\. SU[lt. Lorna B. ] IL'lliar. "B(lI llugh of Rhondda Centre. "lall Su rgeon .\ 1ichael l·. l). IIurl), .\mbulanu: Ollicers William Da\ ics, Fred Teak and Pri\ale l;. II. \Villiam". \Jonmouthshire ·cntrl; . Lad, ·orps~upt. Dora .:\elms, Pi . SupL. IIcnr) Van,tll, Slarr" l'rgeant i'olx'rl Lewis, S' I,..:'cant \\'illiall1 \Lltthc\\:--, Pri\atc Jl' nkin ;'dorgan, and . ,' rg c:1nt john D . .\Jill·hell. ClIm<lnhcnshill' CcntrL. Di\. ~L1Pt. David .\Jllrgan. Cll, of ,lrdire 'entre. I)i\'. SupL. \Ihert E. \YilliClIll"', Bo;-ough \If : \ L\\ port Centr~. \mh. Ollicer F. P. IIop-

Hi~ Royal Highne

::, the Grand Pri or ha appro\'ed th L' award of twenty-five cn'iLe r-.ledab and twenty-t\\ Service :'ledal Bars to thc following OITlc rs and :'Il ember of the St. John A.mbulance Brigade in \V ale

:'II ED.\LS. .\berdare Centrc.- ergeant Dm'id E\ans . Glamorgan County Centre. .\mbulance Offlccr ... H. l;.

FIR S T

Decem her, 1933.

2. 1).

B.\I{ .....

B\lrllugh 01 Rlwndua Cl' nlrl. Corp .... ~upl. Ic!, i 1 );1\' ics . ;\11)I1I11011th..,nil'l' \'ntn. Corps T'_,l..,urcr \\'illialll (,a rclrlll, Corp.., Inspl'llllJ' llf ton.:.., I"';li\l Tihl" and Di\·. Supt. .\llrl'd J I~\\·ill. BHEL ll:-"

1\11.1(,,1"

CU.\II ' E IIIW:-'.

.\l thl' rL'qUl:st lIt th~ Cl id COlht;lhk, Licut.-Lolont.:1 l'. lr. Cl)iL'-fIall1illpJ1, C. \!.(~., D . 0., the Prilln' conducted .. n Hlllbulallcl' Ct1lllpllili\111 at BrLl'on l)Jl ,·ll\l·Jlll;t.:r 22nd, to lel l a t ' ,lI11 tIl n'prl'. ~nt tIll' Brt.:lOIl,>llil L COIl~tahLllar\' at the 0:Ll. X J i lrirl pl)lil\~ <lmhulallcL'. ThL' COl1tt:~t ~\a.., It. n ly fL)IIL)\\'l,t1 hy a lart;l' galhc.ril1~· allwng..,t \\ hOI11 were l'le ~layM of BrL'CL1J1 (~Ir. \\'. JonL's PUT)), :'Ilr. :'Ih)rgall I'lq~ an, J.P., \[1 . \\·.j.·Bl'\,lIl,j.P., ~Ir. \\. Elllr) 11 E\;IJ1S, \lr. \\'. jL)I1L'''' \\'illialll~, Lillll.-Colollt:1 and the \lisscs okI1al11 illI1n, '\lIr..,l \f. \ f).nils, Dr. T. L. D,l\ie.." :\1r. ]. Jl 1( 1:\ lIh, \1 r. J O,l\ iL.." ~ ,Ill Otliccr .\. II. (\)ppag-e and \11..,. CnrpagL': allJ ,l nlll11hu llf Bri~· .ldL: Llilicl.:rs. 1 h~ judgl' (Dr. Edgal' L1cwellyn, 'Mdirr Celltn: urL'on) l'xpn:~:--cu kl·\.' n apprL'ciatit11l of thl 'ol<lnt!ard hO\\'11 b\ t'l" lhrce team ... ; ,lnt! t Ill' following result wa" (11l110Unced h\' h C(lll1pl'litiol1 ~Lll'elar), \rr. \\;. ~LlhLlll ,\brai1am: -

)

Bn n 111<1 \\ I PplicL'

Br~con PL)licL' Y slraug \ nl,li:, ·Pos..;ible mark-"

:\nnual inspect ion of the Gnits in the Borough of S\vansea Centre by the Commissioner for \"ales ( H on . J ohn H. Bruce); the Commissioner for Swansea (Dr. Crban l arks) is seen facing the camera with Asst. Cummissioner Hugh S. Cann, on his right. erected \\·ith the consent of the local author ity in Flint and maintained by the Flint Division. This is the first of such cupboards to be supplied through the Priory to a Korth ·Wales Unit, and it is hoped that it may p r ove of s u ch \.'alue in the T own of Flint that the provision will be exte nd e d, as in South Wales. In connection with the Merionethsllire Centre, it was reported that Lord H arlech had kindly g iven a shield to be vested in the Priory Tru stees for ann u a l competition amongst male teams in the County; and that the Lad y President, Irs . In ge, had given a cup for Cadet teams. These are the first trophies provided for Merionethshirc ambu lancc enthusiasts, though there arc now oye r e ighty vested in the Priory The County of Cardigan is lik ely to merit its own

Williams, \\T, P. Da\'ies, Isaac Da\ie~, Sergeant D. j. Williams. l\lonmouthshire Centre.-Ambulance Omcer W . \\'a tkins, Sergeant Jo seph P . Price, Corporal J ohn Lloyd, Private!:> Godfrey G. Howell s, Gwilym R ees, George H. Jayne and Th omas Manley. Montgomeryshire Centre.-Ambulance Sister :'lIar)' K. 1ad dox . Borough of 1erthyr T ydfi l Centre. Div. Supt. Ri chard R ees, L ance-Corporal David \\>' illiams a nd Pri vate J am es Sussex. B orough of Newporl Cenlre.-Ambulance Orfi ecr S. J. 1\l orris h ; Private J o hn Summers (d eceased). Borough of Rh ondda Centre. Corps Supt. H. J. Hill,

25q ~

20b'"

30\).

Thl: cup prl'sl'l1lt.:d Iw thL' Chief Clln:--t,lblc \\ ,lS handed to th e Captain ot the B~ynma\\ r tl',llll, \\ hich ha an out"tanding record of "uccess in ambulance competitions to its redit , by the :\Layor, \\'ho ct1llgratulated the c 'Illl)etitors Oil the high ::'landard of their wurk.

A Review of the History of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem * ".-\.BOt: I nine hundred years ago (1014)

orne ricll

eapoli-

~',t n merchant, shocked by the treatment meted oul by the

1 urks .to Christian pilg-rims who journey to pray at the tomb of ~hJ'Jst at J erusalcm, travelled to Cairo, where the Moslem Caliph, or Governor, of Palestin~ livcd, and obtained his pc rmission to found and maintain a hospital for the treatl11e nt of sick and wounded Christian on the condition that .\l o~lel1'~S who needed treatmcnt might also recei\'e it at that II1s tltutlon. So began the work of the Hospital of St. John

~ Given by Div. Supl. S. W. L Pryor at the annual In eetlng of the Saltash Scction, DC\'on Cent re, S.]. ,\ . ,\ .

I D.

j 4<)

of J erusalem, and these bem:volenlman wcre lhe forerunners of a great and powerful b9dy \\'hich nearly 500 years stood a bulwark betwC'en the ~J ohal11moden force of thc East and the Ch ri stian forces of the vVe')tern continent, now call ed Europe. " In j 09S1, because of the indignation on behalf of the pilgrims, there was launched a great military crusade against thc Turcomans, or Saracens, and on the 7th of Ju ne of that )'l'ar an army of 600,000 horsemen and 100,000 footmen appeared hefore the walls ot Jcrusalem But in those days I here wa') no ort,:anised and well-equippcd Army :'Iledical Corps, <In(.1 from that neeJ prang a body of Hospitallersmen from among the Crusaders whosc skill and devotion to duty in tending the wounded and sick won the appreciatio n and bounty of Geoffrcy de Bouillon, who had been chosen King of J erusalern when that city fell into the hands of Crusaders. " Enl'ouraged by Georrrey de Bouillon, the Rector of the Ilo . pital organised a regularly con tituted religious order, the IIo'>pitaller-;, but so grcat wa') the power and energy of the Saracen foe that 19 years later Raymond du Pay (elected Grand :'Ila ter in 1117) found the world famous Order of the Kni~hts of L John of J erualem, a body pledged not only to be ready to aid pilgrim<.; and invalid, but willing to dic in lheir defcnce. ,. T;li~ Order was constructed with three di\'isionsKnights of J ustie!:! (men for \\'ar), Chaplains (men for prayer), clnd Scn ing Brothers (men for work). The e latter were, I :,uppo::,e, the rank anL1 liIe. ]n the e days the term er\'ing Brother (or Sister) i:, an honour much CO\'eted and rarely " ' \)11 Iw tlw rank and rile of ambulance workers . ""The \\·i\ e~ of the Knig-hts were also enrolled a!:> Dame.., l1~ the Oruer, and as one would expect in those days of chi\ aIry and the Feudal ),stem, both Knights and Dames werc required to be of noble birth . I mu t add to the glory of these ladie \\·hen in 1187 a remnant of the Hospitallers \\'l.:re obliged to lea\'e Jerusalem as a result of the collapse uf thl! Second Cru!:>aue, the Dames, lel.wing on the fields of Pale.,tine mallY thousands of their 100'ed ones, returned to Europe and carried on their \\'ork in branch establishments ill I~ngland, France, pain and el ewhere. " 0 I ha\'c outlincd the birth and early life of an Order which lx'came a military a~ \\ ell a~ a benevolent fraternity, the l!\:ploirs and achievcl1lenh of \\'hose members for 500 year~ we're among the most heroic and brilliant in the histo;"\' of thc world. " The members of the Order arc not no\\' called upon to II:,: ht a bloody battlc ag-ain<;t a strong, yirile foe, with instrument::. of detruction, but using the f0;-ces of knowledgc, experience and common en e, act dS the ad\'ance guard 'lnd helpers of the medical and nursing professions of LILlr da\. .\nd e\·idence i ' at hand that the need for such hL'lp is" great. Only la ' l week I read in the daily Press a police report which staled in London alone during the quarter ending- eptembcr 30th there were 3 1 deaths and 16,20 ' injuries due to street accident . "On the other hand intercst in 11rst aid and efficiency lor dealing with ::,uch ca - e~ are not \\'anting. The St. J ohn .-\mbul.lI1Ce A ociation report for the year 1932 say : 'The number of certificate' i ·.,ueu in Eng-land, Ireland and \\'ales during the year is as follo\\'s: First Aid-;\I en, 23,76+ ; \Vol11on, 7,829; Homc :\ ul"sing-l\len, 9 0; \Vomen, 5,834; Hygiene, Sanitation, Cooking, 322; a total of 38, 70 1). Tlli was a dccrea e on the number for 1931, bUl an increac in the numbcr of medallions, labels and pendants issued during the year indicate there i no falling off in the intcrest and efficiency of lirst aiders . ' "

When you write to any of our Advertisers kindly mention FIRST AID . It dosen ' t cost you anything and it pleases the AdvertIsers, and Us

FIR S ~T

150

A I D.

Decem ber, 1933.

D ecember , 1933.

FIRST

t11l lIbers

Rat/way Ambulance News. Great Western. BRISTOL.-The Annual Concert and Distribution of Awards of the Bristol ambulance class, the largest on the Great Western Railway system, took place at the Totterdown Y.M.C.A. Hall on November 30th, when Mr. A. Maynard, Chief Goods Manager, was the guest of ho~our. Mr. R. G. Barefoot, District Goods Manager, presIded, and was supported by Messrs. W. Pellow, Div. Loco. Supt., A. E. Murphy, Asst. Div. Supt., H. R. Griffiths, late Supt., and local officials. The Chairman congratulated the class on its steady progress. Commencing in 1894 with 27 members) no fewer than 236 men enrolled last session, of whom 208 presented themselves for examination, and all but tvvo passed successfully. The ladies' class, which started in 1927, had had only two examination failures since that date. 11r. Jakeway, class secretary, gaye a brief survey of the 'work of the class) and particularly congratulated Mr. W. J. anstone) late Chairman of the class, on his election as Serving Brother of the Order of St. John. The awards, which were distributed by Mr. Maynard, included five gold medals for 15 years' efficiency, 2 bars for 20 years, and one Quarter Century medal. Mr. Maynard said the Company appreciated the self-sacrifice and work involved on the part of the leaders and officers of First Aid classes) and hoped that with more prosperous times there would be an increase of ambulance recruiting. SWANsEA.-The Annual Presentation of Awards to the Swansea Central and Riverside classes was presided over by 1\1r. W. Davis, District Goods Manager, at the Hotel Central, Swansea, on November 25th, and among others present were Mr. H. W. Morgan, Docks Manager, ~1rs. W. Davis, Mr. W. E. James, late District Goods :0.1anager, Dr. J. H. Roberts (examiner) and Mrs. Roberts. The Chairman expressed regret that no beginners had been enrolled during the last session, and hoped recruits would be again forthcoming with the improvement of traffic. He was pleased to observe that there was an increase in the number of awards this year. Mr. Davis presented the Vellum of the Serving Brother of the Order of St. John to Mr. C. H. Bevan) and congratulated him on this well deserved honour. Examination awards were distributed by Mrs. Davis and Mr. H. W. Morgan, and long service medals were presented by Mr. J. A. Reynolds, Goods Supt. Two pleasing incidents during the proceedings were presentations to Messrs. C. H. Bevan and H. A. Evans, Class Secretary, in appreciation of their valued services to the class. The musical programme rendered during the proceedings was much appreciated. SOUTHALL.-The distribution of examination awards to members of the Southall ambulance class took place at the King's Hall, Southall) on November 22nd. Mr. W. G. Hawks, Station Master, presided over a large and enthusiastic gathering, and was supported by Mr. C. T. Cox, Div. Supt., who distributed the awards, Mr. J. W . A. Kislingbury, Div. Loco. Supt., Dr. W. Salisbury Sharpe, Chief Consulting Surgeon to the Company} Dr. J. O. l1cKenna, lecturer, Mr. R. F. Borrough, Div. Ambulancc Secretary, and members of the Southall Urban District Council.

Congratulating the recipi~nts of awards, Mr . .Cox ' aid that a knowledge of first aid was ten thou~and tuncs more important to-day than it was twenty, thirty or forty ycars ago. Dr. Salisbury 'harpe prcsented gold ~ n~cdals anel bars for IS, 20) 25 and 30 years ambulancc efficlenc), and said that some of the recipients were quite old friends. He congratulated the cla S 011 having 1.00 per cent. passe:-, in the recent examination. PresentatlOns were made tu Dr. and 1Irs. ~lcKenna on behalf of the class 111 appreCIation of the doctor's senices as lecturer. The procecllings were interspersed with musical contrilJutlOns which were much enjoyed. STRouD.-Great Western Railway ambulance men from the Stroud and Gloucester districts attended the smoking concert held under the auspices of the Chalford class at thc Old Painswick Inn on November 16th, when Mr. C. \V. Wilson, President, occupied the chair, and among those present ,,,:ere. Mr. S. Morris, Div. S.upt., Mr. L. J. A. Callaway, Dlstnct Goods Manager, J[ Harry \Vaters, Dr. A. V. Dill, Dr. J. G. Lannahall) and :0.1r. \V. E. J. Perks, Div. Ambulance . ecretary. Examination a wards gained by the successful studcnts were distributed by 11r. 1\lorri , who also presented four gold efficiency medals. Feeling referencc was made to the reccnt death of Mr. J. c. Lane, Di,'. ecretary. 1\1r. Morris spoke of the need for rccruitmlllt uf new members, and urged each of the students to lndeayour to obtain one new member for the new scs iOll. Th e class had reason to bc proud of the fact that there were ten gold medallists among its number. lIe congratulated Mr. Victor Harris on his reccnt election as erving Brother of the Order of t. JOhl1, and paid tribute to the support receiyed from the medical prOfeSSlOl1 and to the instruction of 1\1r. R. Simpson. NEWPORT.-Fearis's Cafe, NC\\'port, was the venue 01 the annual social gathering and distribution of awards to the Newport} High Street, ambulance class on the evening of November 20th. Mr. E. G. Ireland, former Loco. Supt.} presided and thanked the class for retaining him in the honoured position of class president. He reminded them of his slogan" Serve to Save/, and urged them to carryon the good work. Awards to members of the women's class were prcsented by Mrs. (Dr.) Verner, and other class awards were jointly distributed by Mr. Ireland, Mr. Trevor Roberts, Div. Supt., Mr. S. A. Blackall, Div. Engineer, and Mr. W. E. Baines, Div. Loco. Engineer. Mr. Roberts said that many other industries might takc a leaf out of the railwayman's book as regards first aid training and safe working, and asked them to keep in mind the question of safety. The Hon. John H. Bruce) Commissioner for Wales of the Order of St. John, spoke of the early history of the Order. He congratulated Mr. Samuel Elms on his recent election as a Serving Brother. A presentation, on behalf of the class, was made by Mr. Baines to Mr. Ireland, and consisted of a silver-mounted walking stick. Presentations were also made to Dr. Verner, lecturer, Mr. C. H. Hopkins, instructor, and Mr. Elms} retiring secretary. An excellent entertainment was afforded by Mr. Percy Lane's Concert Party. ABERYSTWYTH.-Alderman R. J. R. Loxdale, J.P., donor of the Loxdale competition shield, entertained

of the Abe rystwith ambulance class to dinner Among those present were tIr.]. W. Enser) Div. Traffic Manager, Mr. J. T. Bowler) Div. Engineer} the Mayor of Aberystwyth, Alde rman J. Lcwis Evans, Mr. G. O. Fox, station master, and 1\1r. D. Thomas, station master, Cross wood. The cha Irman referred to the good record of the class, two member of which had gained the Quarter Century medal duri ng the year. Thcy were proud of the fact that 1\1r. T. II. Collin had been elected a Serving Brother of the Order of St. John in recognition of his services. Alderman Loxdale presented gold mcdals for 2S ycar ' l ftici ency to 1\le rs. C. V.,rilliams and A. Shone} and a 'Illd bar to 1\1r. CO]Jlll'i. :\1r. En er handed the Cambrian l Id and prize to the Trawscoed team, \\ ho also received t'. Y twyth Cup awarded to the best team south of ':\f chynlleth. vote of thank to Alderman Loxdale for hi keen intere t 111 the G.\V.R. ambulance movement at Abe rystwyth \\ a ' carried unanimously with musical 11 no urs. at the Talbot Hotel on November 17th.

J [O;\()LRS.-. \111(JIlg reCellt admi ' lUllS to the VenerOrder of . l. Juhn of Jerll alcm in England, in the L:rrlt!c II f Sen 1J1~ Brother, arc the foJlowillg member of

a II

A I D.

the L.&N. E. R., and his sudden death will lea\'e a blank in t he ranks of ambulance workers hard to fill. It was in the early eighties that he flrst commenced hi career on the old North Eastern Railway, and since 1890 he was associated with tlieambulance movement. In that year he organised and acted as secretary to the first railway class at Malton. Upon the formation of the ~. E. R. Centre in 1895 he was appointed secretar) of the York District, being appointed general secretary in 1896. Since that time, up to the completion of the 1932-33 session, +2,532 examination pas es have been obtained by members of the X. E. Centre, anu 1,-+58,382 accident cases ha\'e recei\'ed attention. Capt. Jackson received the insignia as Ser'/ il1l{ Brother 0f the Order of St. John about 25 years ag0 and was promoted to Oll1cer in 1931, receiving- his reward frolll H. ~1. the King during the Centenary celebrations held that year. .\t the funeral, held en December 6th at Fulford Cemetery, \.~orks, a large attendance of representative bodies \\'ere pre~ent. Officers of the L. &:-\. E. R. ",ere present, the ambulance mO\'emenl being represented by ~lessr . T. O. [\lein, T. Smith' and \\'. Goodley (Centre Secretarie ), the the District Ambulance Secretarie ,York tation .\mbulance Cia ' 5, and repre entatin!s of other classes. Floral tributes were ent:'by the Railway .\mbulance Centre Secretaries' Conference, the York, l\1 iddlesbrough, Darling-ton, IIartlepools cJnd other ambulance distrIcts. ~OCTHER~

The late C.\!' 1,\1;-..' G EOR,;E j .H. I'\.Sll;\.

the ,s taff, who haYe rendered xccptionally meritorious ~e!"\lCC 011 the Grcat Western Railway 0\ cr a long period of . cars.-1\Ir. Albert J. Jenkins, Enginc: Driver, .l\1r. \iVm. Je cs , Engine Driver, both of the Loco. Dept., Cardiff. Vellum Votcs of Thanks ha\'e becn awarded to the f~Jllo \\'ing :-:\11'. 1\1. E. Jean, Leading Parccl Porter, 1 r,\ffic Depart., .l\lartock; Mr. G. Edward) Clerk, Goods Dc )a rt., Cardiff Newtown; 1\1r. J. T. York, Yard Foremall. Dc, k Depart., Swansea; 1\1r. \V. J. Dellamy, Berthing Me "te r, Docks Depart., Weymouth Qlla) ; ~lr. C. DUll tan, Ca'Pl' l1ter, Signal Depart., Neath.

London and North Eastern. , It i!> witb lkep regret we announce the death of Captain Li.l'orge jackson, who passed away in his sleep during thl' nl ~hl of Sunday, Decembe r 3rcl, at hi J'esidenc in York. :\Ir. jackson was an enthusiastic and keen first aider and the energ-etic centre secretary of t he orth Eastern Area of

151

AREA .-G.C. SEeTIO;\,.

Un Fnday, December 8th, fi\'e teams) winner of the elll11111ating conte t, competed for the Great Central Champion hip Shicld and prizcs at 1Iarylebone Station. Capt. F. E. Bendix, :0.I.R.C.S., L.R.c.P., set and j udgecl the te ts which were of a \'ery exacting natur e. .'\ftcr thc completion of te t .' 111'. Thurston, Gencral :\lanager. outhem Area . presided at thc prc entation l11l'eting',llpported by :J1r. \V. \Vhitela,,-) chairman of the Company, ::'Ilr. Barrll1gton \Yard, Dr. :\lc~Iahon and other official. Capt. \\'. Goodley, Centre Secretary, announced the rc 'lIlts as follows :-1 .. Dllkinfield, 205 mark; 2, Tew lIolland, 176; 3, ::'IIansfield, 1-9; 4} Tuxford, 15n; 5. Dean. gate, 145. Imli"iclllal, Drived G. 1\Iatthews) Ko. 4, 1)( Tuxford team. ~Ir. vVhitela\\' prcsl:Jltcd the hield and prizes but hdore cloin o ' 0 he r ead a letter from Lord Faringdon. who wa ' unahle to he pre ent owing to indisposition) in \\' h ich hi , Lord hip sent cordial greetings and a m r s. agc of congratulations to all first aider in the Centre. Dr. Bendix, in a short speech, went through the test, for the benefit of the competitors, and pointed out mi takc or omission in the competitor' work. Yote of thank to the Chairman, to .l\1r. \\Thitelaw and Dr. Bendix concluded the meeting.

London, Midland and Scottish. The anllual social evening in connection with the Euston tatioll Ambulance class was held .in the Eus ton Dining Club premises on Friday, December 1st. largc company was prcsided ol'er by Mr. T. mith and the pre_entation of prizes was made by Mr. C. R. Byrom. Among t tho e present were 1\1r. H. J. Paterson of the London Temperance Hospital; Dr. Gilbert E. Orme, Cia s Lecturerr; Messrs. G. S. Hill and E. T. Milburn; members of the Euston Station Ambulance Committee, ;l11cl the Secretary, Mr. J. Finc1ell. In the course of his re11l:uks . 1lr. Byrom expressed deep appreciation of the work of the ambulance movemcnt in general, and quoted instances of the value of this in actual cases of train accidents. He referred to the

M) 1J~

FIRST

~mJ.ll llumber of

taff in all departments at Ew~ton pa sing the annual examination, and made an appeal for greater illtcre ' t. :\1r. B) rom al 0 thanked :.\\ r. II. J. Pater on who had judged the ,'tation competition for 23 year..' and Dr. Orme, the cia Lecturer .. for their -valuable services, and p<lid tribute to the considerable yoluntary assistance rendereel to the ambulance 111 01' el11 e11 t lw members of the medical profe sion in general. Both -:;\Ir. Paler on and Dr. Orme uitably responded and the proceedings "w ere. koug-he to a close by \"T otes of Thank ' to :,\11'. Byrom and the Chairman, ably propo eel by :'\1r. E. T. l\Iilburn; to the arti te and the Dining Club by :\11'. Morris. The remainder of the evening \\ as pent in dancing: 111U ic heing proyided by the "K u Delta" Dance Band, the :.\1.c. hein o ' :\les r . E. T. \Yhite and . Holloway. Ec\.RLESTO\\ x.-On X oyember 15th: :\1r. Anthony pre sided o\' er the annual ambulance social eyening concert and presentation of a\yards. :f..Ir . Anthony made the presentation \\'hich included 13 certificates, 4 youchers) 7 medallion and 47 label . Bars to the long service gold medal in re pect of 20 year ' ambulance service with the Company were pre ented to :'\les r . H. Harri ) G. Shear mith and G. \Vakefield. A 25 year gold bar \\' as presented to :\1r. F. Hutchings and a 30 Hal' bar to :'\1r. G. \I\"arriner. In the cour e of his remark _: :'\1r. Anthony heartily congratulated the men on th e ir success . and on behalf of him elf and the Officers and Director of the Company thank ed them for the good \\'ork they had done in the ambulance cau e and as ured th em of his continued il1 t ere t and upport in the moyement. Dr. H. E. \Yatkin, Instructor to the CIa s) contributed some interesting reminiscences and adyice to the men , and :\1r. A. \Villmore (Captain of TO. 1 Team) and :\1r. S. H. Eaton , Class Secretary, expres ed the thanks o f the Committee to 1\1r. and :'\lrs. Anthony for their pre sence and encouragement. A yery deli g htful musical programme \\ as contributed by m emhers of the staff and their famili es. LI\' ERPOoL.-The handsome Sih' er Cup, pre se nt ed by J) 1'. de Yere Shortt for competition among ' t the Liverpool di~t1-ict team ) \\as won by \Vaterloo Dock Offices with

214 mark : Edg'e Hill Goods, 208; Great Ho\\ard Street, 201: D.G.:\I.O., 188, were second, third and fourth resp ectinly. Eight t eams competed) and the judges) Drs. R egan and Coakley, were w ell satisfied \\ith the high t andard of \York giyen. The prizes, consisting of clocks and ,nistlet watches) w e re presented to th e winning team at a concert, held subsequently by 1\1r. J. E. Knowles, Lime Street, and the trophy was yery well receiyed. The Vellum Vote of Thanks awarded to ::'\1r. Wm. L. Gerrard of Aintn:e, was handed o\'er at the same time, amid acclamation. PETERBOROUGlI.-The fourth annual dinner of th e Peterborough Ambulance Centre was held at Woodcocks Cafe. i\1embers, their wives) friends and local officials numbering oyer 70 had a very enjoyable evening. After dinn e r the party adjourned to the Concert room where an excellent entertainment arranged by the Social Committee was greatly appreciated. The" Loyal)) Toast was proposed by Mr. Bennett (President of the Centre) the "L.M.S. Raailway)" by 11r. Bayley (Vice-President), " The Peterborough Ambulance Centre)) by 11r. Grindling (L. & l'\.E.R.). Mr. Shaw) late Loco. Supt.) and Mr. Pestell , No.4 District Secretary also addressed the company. It was deeply regretted that Mr. G. L. Darbyshire and 11r. Allan and Mrs. Allan were unavoidably unable to b e present. The awards for 1932- 1933 were distributed by Mrs.

A I D.

Lk ce m ber,

193 ~ .

lIanscombe. These \\ ere six certificates; one voucher; (hrl'C' 111cdaI1io11s; thirty-four labels. ~ \ftcr ;L \ ole of thanks to the arti ' lcs by Mr. Ward , the proceediugs \\ cre concluded \\'ith the inglug of Auld Lang: ' :\l1e alld Natiol1al Anthem. SOUTllER:\ Ala: \ . \l\fBUL.\);CE CO~IPETlTIO).', 1933.The alJo\'e competition \"a held at Euston. , ix team :-. from the London eli t riet took l)art and were j uelged b ~ Dr. ,\rchibalcl (Lut~lIl): [)r. L. Tholllas ( cton) and Dr. .\. S. Burns (~ot1thga1.c), with the follo\\,lIIg result:\\'atford, 24g; t. AJ1lall , 2371; Camdell, 213; Londo 1 Police, 210; Broad Street) 206; Ellston Clerical) 204~ . The trophy, \\ hich is held h.' the winning team fo r 12 month~, \\ a~ prU\ idetl out of subscriptions from th e ambulance workers ill the London eli trict, and that i th e _ecolld occasion on \\ hich it haas been competed for. Th L llrst \\'inners of the Cup \\ ere the London Police . and l'ollgratulations are extended to the '.Vatford team on thei r success in a competition in which the tc . t5 were SOI11 t:\\' hat difficult. :-Ir. \ \'. E. C. Lazenby, Asi tallt Chief Officer fo Lal)our and Establishment, made the presentation of tll Cup to the \\ratford team and said he \\ as pleased to S CI. so many interested ambulance workers taking part in the competition. He referred to the good re 'uIt \\ hich were ohtainccl in the London district during the 12 1110nth e nded June 30t11" 1933, and the pro-;pects of e"en bdt cr result this es ion, particularly so far as the Goo(l Department taff are concerned. On the propo ition of :'\1r. D. T. \\'orkman, a ve l'llcartv yotc of thank' was accorded' to :;\1r. Lazenby for att eJl(lin~ and making the presentation. and to the J t;elgL .. :\1r. Lazenby suitably reponded, and the J uclg-c ' co n mentcd fayourahly Ol] the work of the teams.

This Rail\\'av Company in British Columbia rcali s ' the importance df ambulance \\'ork and gives encoura!:!;cIllcnL to their employees to become efficient in First A ir! To mark the sea on 1932/1933 a social evening was recently held at \\'hich a presentation \\ as made to ~-roto r man Sam Cain., the encrgetic instructor. :,\1 r. Cain gaine l ! hi., 'fir~L certificate in 1913 and ince that timc he has be C'l an enthusiastic ambulance worker, receiving his in tru ctor' ce rtificate in 1928. In thanking the me111bt:rs for their expressions of appreciation :'\Ir. Caill gave an interesting resume of h i.; \\ ()rk \\ ith the Company. In competitions the B.c. Electric teams arc encou rag-ed by the re~ull~. The men's team was placed four th ill provincial competitions and sixth in the Dominion : \\ hilst the ladies' team obtain cd fourth place in th e Dominion competitions. The men's team was composed of S. T. v\Tybourn (captain), F. Goakcs) C. Murdoch and ]. Smith, \\~ ith E. 1[orrison as patient, and the women's team were Miss A. G. Hill (captain)) Miss M. Timber ;, ~Iiss L. Pllllnbe and :'\lis~ M. Spence) with l\Iiss 1. Cain (patient). The 1933/3..J. sc~sion commenced on October 3rd last and a good number of the B.C. Electric employees have enrol1ed. A course of lectures on Home I ursing, commencing on will be held at Toynbee Hall, CommerCIal-street, London, E.1 ; Tutor Sister Barnes will be the lecturer. Fee [or the course, including examination, is 3/G . Particulars can be obtained of Lady Div. Supt. l\l iss M, I~rael, 213, Vicarage-road, Ley ton, E.10.

Janu~ry 12th at 8 p. m.,

t5~

A I D.

Our Nurses' Pages. COMPILED

AMBULANCE

.\0. 1 [)ISII{ILl, E:>'TI{,\L .\RE.\, ~.].t\.B. ~o. 39 Chmple) ur ing Di\ision held its fourth .\nnual COl1lpetiti nn for tbe "Th~lda Bowser" Cup 011 aturday, No\ ember 25t h, \\ hen Dr. K. F. LUllU, 1\1..\., ~I. H., ,\'>si-;tant COll1ll1 i.., ~ioner in charg~ of the .\I-ea judged the practical First .\ id and wrillen J I ome 'ur~ing test and the uniforms. Thl' tc..,b wcrc as follows: The competitor found 11121':-.d· alone in a dLlctor'~ eon..,ulting rool11 \\ here a !-.Illall bo\ we." cleaning the \\ indo\\'. JIe slipped llrf thl: ..,teps and ll1nlplained uf pain in thl: left Lollarbonl'. Thl're \,a., ilL> llilt l'l e in the Iwuse e:'\cept thl' coole :\t the ('nd of a .,horl period the doclLlr arri\l'd and :-.aid til. t there was something more wrong with thL boy than the fr:.. ' tured clavicle \\ hich the competitors all quickl) dia~' n cd. .\s Ill' had ttl gll l)Ut again iI11I1ll:,!iately, he asked til CllIllpetitor tll tuck the patienl up on tilL' sofa, takL' hi.., tll~1 perature, pulse and rcspiration, Illltc till' conditilll1 ot his l"in ami tongue, gi\L' him a Jose 111 llll'dicinc accl)rding to J ir c lions, preparL- .l pOUltice, alld apply thL' ruller hallda~e trult lllL'nt Illr the fr.lC'lure in place llf the triallgular bandage llnc :t1read} applil'd. De..,pitl' a hanJic'ap III lU per Cl'nt., .\lllhulanLe i... lL:r ~ I err) Wit adjud~('d the' willlwr, with .\mbulaI1ce i..,ler I.. I,ing', \\'ho was <llsll handicappL'd 10 per Cc nl., I he n Illr-up.

J)E .\ T II

British Colum bia Electric.

FIR S T

Dece m be r, 1933.

1111

FII{SI

L\ll\

lI " I~ I\I:>'II ·_ ~l>l·: :-·"l

llF

IIiL

IJ'W,,\I>I;. ()n 31st Ollllhu tlH.'rl P,I'>:-'CU :l\\,<t\' l)llL' of the 1'1 nl: L'hllf thl' , lll..,ing l)i,i..,illIlS Llf thl' Hrig~ldl' ill ~lr-.. ( lu rch BraziLl. Thi ... lad\' wa-.tllL' wif(' Ll f the 111':-.t hid Dflicer of ~o. [l istrict, alld jl)illl'd the [{ri;..:-adL' III r"'l II .I., long ag-ll,I" J L.I1l: , 1, l)), Iwill~ thl lir ... t Lld~ Di, i... illnal ~Llp('rintcndl'nt .'ll. 2 (St. J\llln':-. <.;.Itl) ~Llr..,in~ l)i\'isiLlIl. I)uring the \I H .,Ill' dill l xc('lkn1 \\ ork ,It Ralll'>gak and 1.lt 'r .It \\'(,..,tg, tl' \ ' .. \ J). llll!->pitab.. ~hL' \\ .l-; a 'l'n ing . i'>tl'r of the \ 'Llle rahlL UrLiL'1 llf till I [lbpitall)f St. John I I ]l'rusalem, a lei hL!-.idc!-. thl SLn icc \Il'dal fll! Lrtilient :-'ll' icc in the J:lig-.viL>, ..,he pO:-''''l~'''l'd thL ]uhike and [~d\\ard 'orona1il)n _\1 till!... and cllsl) '>L' Lral fllreign dL'CL)ratilllb, including thL' ]' ct! Ped Crllss l)f ~pain, France, Bel~ui111 ,Ind [l;tl\' . <.h ing- tll her husband's ill-health, ~1rs. Church Bnvier \\ (ompclled to le:t\e Londun I1lc1l1) yCtlrS ago. he hersdf .Ilad had but poor health for somc YL'ars past, but her I d~t 1I111c \\ as 011(' l)f fi\(' da\ S onh'. The funeral tOLlk place 01-\ l\ll\cmbL'r 3rd at ~t. :'I1an kb,OI_L' CCIllL'lerj, FillLhlc}. The Lollin \\,IS draped with'thc b ng adL !lag, and se\'eral 01 the de.:ea.,ed I,ldy\ former collc,lg'ucs allcnded to pa) a last trihute of cOI;lradeship. .\ mong thl:~c \\ l'rt! Capt. J. Cah in Lines, District Oflicers PIer.., and Liddell, and District ~rgl.-~lajor Elalll. I~ \Sl Elm AREA, TO. 1 DlsrRICJ, .j.,\. B. -The annual com petition for the" Edith vVard" hield and for the right to re present the Area in the Di tricL competitions for the ': ~la cFadden" Cup took place at Latham Road Schools, h a,t Ham, on aturday afternoon, November 25th, teams fr om Barking, East Ham, Grays and lifOI'll competing. The scene of the team test was laid in the middle of a h lln till~ country. A rider of hOLlnd was seen to faII froIll hi.., horse in taking a post and rail fence. The horse bolted and the rider was lefllying on the groLlnd. The cOI1l;1etitors toun t! no difficulty in diagnosing hi~ injuries as fractured

SISTER..

:>capula and concussion. The yuestion of transport was noL so casy to decide, wheth2r to call an amhuJance from a town miles away, or to stop a passing motorist on the nearby hig-hway and enlist his sen ices in remo\.-ing the patient to hospital. Thc team test was j udg-ed b) Dr. .\. tuart, 1. B. , CII.B., Count} Surgeon, Eastern Area; Dr. NeiIJ,~1.R.C.S., L. R. C. P., L.:'I1. S. S. i\. (Li mehouse Di\'ision), ga\'e the viva \ oee test; Dr. Flora Ho!{g-, :'1. D., Ch. B. (\..\'est Ham ~ ursing' Di\ ision), the individual practical; while the uniforms were judged by Lady District Supt. 1iss Rideout. The result \"ere announced as follows : 1, Word (the team consisting of <\. Sisters ~lrs. Dunlop, :'II i s White and :'IIi s Parry, with 1\1rs. Howard leading), J67~ marks; 2, Ea, t Ham, 317~; 3, Grays, 290; 4, Barking, 263. The c, Adamson" Bowl for the highest individual mark.., in "i, a voce and individual practical was awarded to ,\. i')ler:'l1 rs. \\'0 )lford after an additional \'iva \'oce test, the first test resulting' in a tie between .-\. isters ~lrs. Dunlop and ;\1 i..,.., Parry, both Llf liford, and ,\. ister :'lrs. \\'oolford, of East H alll. The trophies gained in this as well as tho e in the Di\'isional competitions of the ~\rea were kindly presented by Capl. \\'. Goodley, ~1.c., Commissioner of No . 1 District. The Di, isional trophies wer presented to the following :Ea'o>t Ham l\ursing Division. "Papworth Cup," for First Aid: A.. Ister !'.lrs. Woolford, :'II. I.B. "Dayie Cup," for IIome :\ursing : .\. i..,ter ~lis ~loore. cc Edith \Vard Rl)Se BlHd," for 1I1lpro\'ising : A.. Sisters :\lr . Roberts and ~Ii'i . J. Penney (this competition resulting in a tie). B.lrkin;..:- :\ursing Di, ision. - " Left1ey Cup" : A.. Sister .\1 r.,. Carter. \\'e t Ham ~ursiI1g Di,·ision. - cc CLlll Cup" : ,\. Sister :'>1 is E. TrLld~ett. Ea ... t Ham l\ursing' Cadet . - " .\Iargarct Eaton Shield," for 1l1lprLwising: Team con , isting of Cadets Joan Gallant, DOl-is \\'allis, :'IIary Read, Joan \\'oolford (leader), with V . Feline r('sen-e. "Edith \\'ard Shield," for Fir t ,\id : Cadet Joan \\'oolford. Runner-up, Cadet Amelia Tas ell, presented \, ith a speci:.tl prize gi\'en by A.mbuJance Officer \\'abby. cc .'Ilorri h Cup," for Home :\ursing: Cadet Joan \ \\lLllford. II1 his remarks, the Com l1li ' sioner ~aid that East Ham \\ as fortunate in haying uch good friend to present such Itwely trophies . In congratulating the winners he urged the Llther competitors to put in a little more elYort next y-=ar and beat this year' winners. He thanked Lady District Officer :'li~~ Curti and Lady Di\'. Supl. 1\lr . ~lorrish (East Ham) for the able way they had organised the competition . The judges added some remarks with reference to the work of the cOI11pctitor~, and ~'a\'e a number of useful hints for future occa ions. Dr. \V. Benton, Di\,. Surgeon, Ea t Ham l\ursing Di\'ision, propo ed a "ote of thanks to the COl1ll11is ionf'r, the judges, and all the helpers who had assisted at the competition, this being seconded by Lady Diy. upt . .'I Ii s Swann (Dagenham Tursing Di\·ision). Amongst a large audience were Capt. F. E. Bendix, District Surgeon, o. 1 District; Di trict Officer Fitch; Lady Di,· . upts . l\liss Smith (Barking), Mis Cook (Bow and Bromley), lis Brain (Beckton), Mrs. amson (Ley tonSlone), :'I II'S. Han'cy (Grays), l\li Harsent (Burstead), II'_ l\loakes (\\'oolwich), 1\lrs. Railton (\'ice Pre. Becontree

154

FIR S T

B. R. C. s.), ~ursit1g OlTicer Mis Kekewich (Dag nham), and other oftlcers from neighbouring Division. The arrangements for refreshment were carried out b) the members of East Ham Nursing Divi ion. OCTHER)\ A.RE.-\, Ko. 1 DISTRICT, .J. A. 8.-:\'0. 69 ( outhern Raih"ay Corps, Southern) Kursing Diyision arranged an excellent di play of practical work \\"hich took place on Thursday, i'lO\"el11ber 16th, at the ~[ethodi t Church Hall, Torridon-road, Hither Green. The programme commenced ,,"ith a hort demonstration of the \\'ork of the Di\'ision a carried out each \\'eek in order to keep the member in good training, so that the) shall act efficiently and promptly when called upon to rendel' lir t aid to the injured. This was follo\\"ed by a demon 't ration of mean~ of transport. One team sho\\'ed how nurses would load a stretcher should no men be a\'ailable for the purpose. Another team demonstra 'ed how they would carr) a patient should they be unable to procure a stretcher, they im proyising ·w ith a blanket and polf's; while a third team sho\yed how to carry an unconscious patien t if their \\'as no equipment of any kind a\'ailable, in this case the human stretcher being u ed. c A little tragedy-for ,,,ant of knowledge" came ncxt , after which Lady Di trict Officer ~1iss Grindle\' (in the Ul1ayoidable absence through indisposition of Lady District Officer 1\1rs. ~lcCarfrey ) presented the awards gained b~" the members, and a diploma to Lady Ambulance Officer ~J rs. Symonds, at the same time congratulating the Di\'isi ol1 on it enthusiasm and on the fine display g-i\en that e\ ening. Dancing \"as then indulged in for the remainder of the e\'ening. ;\mong those present \~"ere Corps Supt . .-\. J. Green, Corps Officer ~lil1er, Di\". Supt. \V. H. Smit J ), and Lady Diy. Supt. ~liss Tu cke r (~o. 65 Kursing Di\'isioll. Lady Di\·. Supl. :'Ir . Pearce, assisted by Lady Amb. Officer ~lr . Syn:onds, \yas respon ible for the demonstration.

A I D.

December, 193.3.

one at Stocksbridgc Clnd Lhe other at Rotherhal11, bringin g the total membersl' ip in Lhe ' Vest Riding to 1,069, a tota l ",hi h ranked as fourth large:;t in all the counlies 0' England. Speaking 011 b half of the judge!:o, Col. \\'ear, 01. D. , C.:'!. G., T. D., ~,lid that the \\ ork of the competitor \\";t beller than that of 1:I'it \ 'ea r, anu he cUI1'iidered the result \'en 'a ti . faclon·. . . Col. T . . JCoak ., O.l3.E., D.D.;\I.S., ~orthern '0111manu, al 0 expret:.~ed apprl)\ alllf the rl''>ulh of hi., in ... pectio n. IIe mentioned lhat instrudion in anti-gas measurc, and tIlL' tn~atl1lent of gas bombing ca,>ualties \\ as III be included ii' the competition training' II)!' "oluntar} .\id DetachmC'nt'>. Thc position had (0 IK' faced, though it \Vas difli( ult to gLl actual training in gas ca~e.,. .\ manual was being preparL'(: by the \Yar Ollice, and \\ ould SOl1n he (\\'ailahlL' hlr \\)Iunta n ...\id Det3.chments. The Lord :\1:1\, l'l' of L:cds, :\11'. . \. E. \\,ilkins,1l1, , ai d that he took great interest in the \\',)rk of lilt' ,',)Iuntary .\i Detachments, a., he \\ a,> him...,elf tlw prl>~idellt of hi..., U\\,I local branch of Lhe t. John .\mhuIanlL' Brigade. III \\',t delig·hted to be prL'~ent ,It thc prL'senLatiun:-.. .\ \ote of thanks to ~Ir .... Jade-on for prt:l'ntitlg" tIlL' CUI was proposed by Brig-.-Gl'n l'l":d Sandy~, and ~l'l'l'll(kd " . :\1 rs. Scarhorough 11f "lIb:.

DARLlNGfO)\ KlJRSING Dl\ 1510:--, S.].A. B. -A warm tribute to the wGrk of this Diyision was paid by the l\layor of Darlington , Councillor \V. G. Chandler, when, in company of the Mayoress, Mrs. Chandler, he attended the Di\'ision's annual E"ocial at its headquarters, Northgate, on Friday, 1\ ovember 2-+th. The :'1ayores~ presented about 80 medallions, pendants, certificates and labels to members of the Di\'ision and the cadets, the a wards being for First Aid, Home X ursing and Hygiene. The ~layor said that Darlington had many things ot \\'hich it could be proud, but the work ot the Nursing Division was one of those things of which it could be most proud.

" rEST RIUl~(j, YORKS., V.A.D. CO.\II'ETlTlON. - The annual competitions, open to members of Voluntary Aid Detachments in the West Riding, were held on Saturday, ~o\'e mber 25th, at Harewood Barrack, Leeds. Follo\ving the tests, Sir Edward Brooksbank took the lhair, and the County Controller, Brig.-Gencral \V, Sandys, C. B., c.:\1. G., announced the results as follows :Junior Women's Teams-1, No. 212, Selby (CC Lady Kathleen Pilkington" Cup). 2, J O. 2, 'Wakefield ( cc :'I1rs. Norton" Cup). Senior Women's Teams-1 , '0.212, Selby ("Bingham" Cup). 2, No. 78, Leeds (CC l\liss ,-\shberry" Cup). 3, No. 84, \Vetherby (" l\lrs. Hill" Cup). of, ~o. 7{), Doncaster (If ;\1rs. 1\10rkill" Cup). Brig. -General Sandys thanked the judges and all \\' Illl had helped in running the competitions, He also remarked tht'lt during t],c year two new detachmcntt:. had been added,

,r..

. \:\~L\I :\IElll:--l, 01 L ""SI::;": \.]).,~ TIll' anl1u,ti meeting of Yoluntar) \id Dl't,lChmL'nts \1f SlhSl'X, attacht d to the B.R.C.S. , was hLld at EasthourI1l' n :\\1\'l'J11l1L'r 2 q th an interesting lecture \\ ilh uel1lon~tratiLltl..., l)t lirst aid anu s ubsequent treatment in 1"l''''I1l'ct tll ga~ [1l1i.,PIl ("~sll:tltil' , being gi\ en. Mrs. Da\'ies-Gilh\.:rt, C. B. E., I) 'put} Pn'::-.ilknt, llCl'U pitd the c hair, in the Un,l\ nidabk absl'nc\.:' l1t tIll' I'rl'sitll> nt, the Duchess of :\ odolk, alll! among- tll)""L ,t! ... l\ prl: l'nt \\'l'rl Brig.-General F. Core .-\nle~, C, B, C '\\. G., thL Count \ Director; :\lillicent, Lady ~lool e, Dl'J)ut) Jlrl'siJl nl 01 th R\eDi\'ision; :\lis,>:\liddlLtoll , I-illIl.. u:re('u\; :\11' ..... 0\\\.:' 11, Hon. Treasurer; Dr. \\'. GI ippt.:r, ,1.0. R~'>L'I '\l; :'>I.lj l)r C. H. Harding, ]. P. ; and (\)(]1Il1andallls (1j till' \'. t\. 0. \ :n the Di\ ision. In her report fL)r 1933, :\li ::.s ~liudleton, ha\ ln~ l' l' I-; I Ltt ld the ueath of :'I1rs. C. Scott, a d\.:\oted member uf Su,>s\.:x 11 ~, t:.tated that in ,\ugust la ... t, Y .. \. D. ussex 12 \\'as otli( iall) di sbanded, leaving four detachments in the Di\ i ... ion, of whi ch three were compo. ed of WOlllen membel ~ V. ,\. D. Sussex .2 (Commandant ;\1r~. 'Villia1l1s), wlwsc members workL' u largel) at the Sailort:.' and oldiers' Home, 'pperton-road; Sussex 118 (Commandant ;\1 i')s H. SuI man), whose chill acti\ ities this year were a camp for Ll)(1don Holida} Fun d for poor children at Frog, Firle, .\lfriston; Sussex 100 (Commandant ~l iss L. Dladl1l1), which worked al the child \\" Ifare centre and dental clinics in Haibham. l\lajor H. S. Blackmore, O. B. E., late insLruLlor in chemical warfare Lo the British army in Egpyt, then ga\'e an address on I C Gas Poi on, their f\' ature and Effects, ,. saying that in warfare no weapon had e\ er been discarded because people thought it wat:. inhuman and unsporting. The address was followed b\ a demonstration, illustrat ing 11rst aid and later treatment-given b} memhers of ,>event] deLachments, this being arranged by Dr. BromIc), nlatthc\\' '> the new l\lcdical Officer of Su~sex 15 . General Gore Anle} presented the King's Medal for 20 years' continuous service to the following members of th e women's detachment <; : Sussex 2. :\lrs. \Villiam<;, and clasp; l\ l rs. O,ley, V Scott (Q.1\1.), A Cotton amI D. ;\lein (Section Leader ), G. Bray, and clasp; M. Benl, J. I nkson, and c lasp; 1\ 1. Tudo l andclap;J. Perci\al. Sussex 12. - E. B. Curteis, 1\1. ~ja,,\\ell, \V. Yctts alld I,. Saunders (Section Leaders), D. IIissey, D. Sco Ll 'W illiams.

FIRST

Decem ber, 1933 .

Sus;.ex I H;. :\Ii"..., Sillman, and clasp; ;\ 1. Sulman (.\,,;.i<; tant Q. :'1.). ,\ j rs. Ua \ il s-G i I hel t prescn ted C~I lificates and badg-cs flH prol1icicnc) in \,anous branches of Red Cross \York to th\: following ladil's: 1\1. ,ulman, H. Sulman, D. Alii.', r Allen, R. Bullock, It CroWdCIl, D. Pcerless Dennis, l' . .\1. Eslcl1urt, L. (,;reell\\,ood, 'V. Hilton, B. IIughes, B. Baring-Ll1\'el, ,I. E. Lin . colt, C. \larchant, \1. ~la}o, ;\1. \liddlL'to n, E. Niclwll, E, Pill, J. ,\'ift, P. ~ulll1an, P. ~1'Ott, ]. \·i . . ick. P. ,,'abon, L. \\'elrh, B. \\'ooton, K. \\, ilkinsl)n. Ilems (Di lisional news and competi lion", social, inleresting dUlies, leclures, etc,), for lhis page should be sent to Ambulance ~lst er, c/o The Editor, FIRST Am, 46, Cannon SI., London, E.C.4.

~olice

J\mbulance j'( ews. ------

A 10.

153

l'rcH~ nt

stimulantc.; being gi\'e n Keep cro\\·d back Control traffic Obt8in history of accident (he stepped in front of me) .\re you all right (yes) Speak to patient (no reply) l\ ate colour of face (pale) :\otc character of breathing- (~hallo\\') Xok character of pulse (tjuick and \\'eak) Head lo\\' and on one side C ndo clothing about neck, chest and \\ aist Keep patient warm Brief histon to ~o. -+ Enquire if eyes respond to louch (slugg-ishl)) pupils respond to light " equal (yes) .. , eyes are bloodshot (no) any blood \"isible (no) deformity is discernible (no)

E'.\.\JI~.\TlO~.

TIll' annual c\)ll1lwlltlon nf till' Cit} l;l1rcl' for the \llkrtlll'Il ... ' Cup" was h,ld l1n \\'CdlllS(h) Xl)\ cmher 2CJth, at SIll'\\" IIill 1\1Ii\'l' StatilJIl, ill thl.! pn ...,ll1\ l \)[ ;1 ~,)od ,tIll ring-, which illl llltkd thl' L ord ,Ian)r l)f London ( il lharla..., C(}lktt), ;\11. \1t1 ':r1nall and ShLriff Jl)seph, :\11' . . I..kn llall T\\"yf I'd, '-"r Hugh Turnhull (C)mmis..,ioner), llpl. I l\id-.\1n(.\ ... t. (11Ilf11i"...,innl:r). Dr.l~ihblII1S(. urgeon); l lJ l. :\ (,. '\'hil C' 1-11\1, ' \LO.), 'lll d Cllll1l11andcrs Sully ; nel EmLl) \,f thL' PoliL'l Rl'iLr\,C' ; ~. D. 1Il:>rl:ctnr \\'an-en and \ lI!u I1H.'lllh~>I·'" \If t11l.,' ,1L'tr,1polltan I\)licc; Cnpl. ,,'. (,I dIe\, (\lllllllis. iOlllr \'1) 1 Dic;trict. ").]. :\. H., nnd others. [)I~. 1'. n. DlllH ,Ill l'nel' a~ain jud,L:eu the l'\'ent. .\rra l1g-l·1 lilt \\"lrl' ill II!' capahle halld~ "f the energetic S 'r~tn r . ")\ rg-t. T. PlhC, .hsi"'leu b: In""pectl1r :'IIumford, I . I! kb PC.' La\\rl'lhl" L ,d LI1, l) ... lx)rI1l lnd Ch,lIldI r. Cnrp..., ~lll't. .\. J. t;lc~n ("i.J .• \.8.) aCLed a ... tinlL'c.

'-,nllll' intcrl' . . linl, \\l1lk \\,a..., witl1l'sseu, and at till: conII 'ii)11 l,f lhl' k:>h L hid, upt. Ih10th anlWUI1Cl'ti the re'>uIt fo lh1\\· . . , 1, ... " Di\ i...,ioll, 11).t marks; 1., ".-\ "I)i\'ision, , 0; J, " D" Di\i;.il1n, 153 ; 4, ., B" Di\i<;ion, 152. Indi 'i dual winner . "en~t. 1 Lu:\ erSt1l~, . C" Di\ ision The \\ in ning ll'ilm comprisl'd P. e. '-. Ed\\ ard-.;, Prior, Henley, ]I ~ £Ial"\"crSII/1 (captain), P.e. '<; ~ray and Ellis (reserve)'Sir IIugh Turnhull a . . I.. ll! 'Ir. '.\Iderillan T\\'yford tl1 pI Lnt the ~up tl1 the \\'innint,; team, and thankedJhim fl'r hi pre<;encl'. . Sir IIugh also thanked Dr. Duncan for ol1ce again JU l~ing the compllition. Ill: hoped the doctor ,,-o uld gin: III criticit:.ms as u,>ual, as thc e \\ ere ,llways useful. Dr. Duncan in repl}, thanked the orilmis. ioner for his rl' !larks. If Lhe competitors had added to their knowledge, t1 11 the competition hau not been in \'ain. :'Ilany points Iw I been lost through the forgetfulness of little things, but tn en as a \\'hole tile work had been extremely \\'ell done. The marking sheet for the team te t \\'a a~ follo\\" : The] ucJge informs the team that thcy are practi ing for th '~ competition in the front room of an empty hou e. ~o. 1 I) uO No.2 lip for a fractured right cla\'icle and i'lo. 3 to cJ( '0. -+ up for a fractured right knee-cap. Time 2 1'.111. ~\ \ ather dull and cold . Thc) will only get such informaLI\1I1 as the ir examination entitles them to. ~o oLher help allowcd. Time lim it, 15 minutes. R 1ciag-ing of Nos. 2 and -+ 10 (They now hear scream and shouts outside). (\\1s. 1 and:> proceed at once to accident. .. 2 \\' th first aid appliances 2 ,\ ski ng os. 2 and 4 to follow as qu ickly as possible 2 (On arrival, man is seen lying on the ground and a Ill\) or-cycli.l e n deavouring to gi"e him a drink from a bOlllc). I

Ilead and face (no injur)) Collar bones " '(opper limbs (sprain right wrist) Ribs (no injury) Peh'is (fractured right) Spine (no injury) ... Ll1\\-er limbs (no injury) ] udg-e : Patient is recovering con ciousness . Sympathetic encouragement ... X oting that patient trie to keep right leg rai ed Conflrm eat of pain at right hip Enquire rt' any pain elsewhere (only right 'Hist) evidence of injury to internal organs

2 2 2 -+

2 2 3 3

3 TRE ,\T ~IE:\T.

En-.ure that hip pocket is l:mpt) Broad bandage rounu the hips ~ ot too tight Dandage both knees and ankles together ... Support in most comfortable po ition (ascertained) plint, bandage and large arm sling ip of cold water-sal \'olatile- smelling salts Keeping patient warm Enquiry rc telcphone (10 yards) hOJ1sital (200 ) " doctor ( " ,,) 'Phone for ambulance (out)

3 2 2

2 2

TR'-\~SPORr.

Preparing and testing tretcher Loading stretcher... ~larchil1g-no change of bearers '\'atchful care en route .\ scerta ining patient's name and add res Tactful me age home .-\~certaining names of any \\' itnes es oting particular of motor and dri\'er Report to doctor (shock- fractured peh'i and _prained wri t) (,reneral efliciency and promptnes ' Total

6 -+

3 2

2 2 2 3

6 150

CiTY OF LO~OON POLICE RESE R VE. The special autumn course in first aiu \.vhich took placL' la, t mlmth, wa the c<"use of the non -appearance of my usual monthly report. This COllr e was an entirely '1ew vent u re, being arranged e pecially to meet the wi. hes and requireme n ts of m an\, of ollr members whose bu iness ties did not a ll owed their taking up the us u al annual course held last l arc h . I regret, howe\'er, t h at after tile considerable

136

F l RST

amount of \\'ork, ncces~arily C'ntailed in arranging the lectures, in : ructor ', etc., the ultimate result should ha\'c been (J di astrous, only 23 pre enting- them ~I\'es for examination out of a number of 60 \\'ho igned the nrolment form fl)f thi , special cour e, It is 1110 t ditllcult to know ho\\" to tackle such problems, because so much ha this year depended entirely upon bu ines exigencie , that it ha been a matter of incolwienience for many of tho e \\"ho \\'ould hm'e done 0, to complete the full cour e of lecture and practice, I was one of the man\' interested spectators at the recent competition for the i, Parson,," Shield which was held at Peel Hou e ( n 1'\o\'ember 13th la t. It \\'as to me an occa ion ot special interest, in that both Captain A, C. \"hite Knox, ~l.c., :\1. B., our o\"n Chief 7\[edical Ollic 1', and Captain F. E. Bendix, ::\I.R.C. ., L.R.c.P., our r\ssl. :'II. 0 .. ,,'ere the judge. Both the team and ind i\'idual test s were theil"s, and \\'ere certainly among the best in my lon~' experien ce of competitions. I mu t ay I am a strong ad\'ocate of the straightforward te t, i,e., those entirely or almost entirely free from stretched and i1l1aginati\'c ideas, o many, unfortunately, being of quite unreal and un-natural staging. On all sides it was quite a pleasure to hear the gratifying remark made by the \'ast audience of those comretitors who had been through their test. Police te ts are somewhat limited owing 10 their being almost entirely treN casualties so that the jud~es are to be congratulated upon these new te ts which ,\,ere ob\'iously nrdinary police happening. As this issue comes out so near the fe ti\'e eason, I cannot let it pass \\' ithout Xmas wishes to all my police friend, \\'ith the best of luck for 193i-. CECIL G. EZllERY, Commander and Hon. Sec.

The History of the Thermometer. (Concluded frollZ page [2(\'.)

But something had happened-a circumstance which has helped as much as anything to make clinical medicine in Germany continuously vivacious. Then arose a group of brilliant men who adopted Schonlein's method and \vho became bitter and scorfJful rivals of each other. Happy is that medical school which has on its faculty three or more intensely vivid clinical teachers who hate one another and despise their rival's methods and views. Stimulating is the mental atmosphere of such an establishment. After Sohonlein's death he was succeeded at Berlin by two men, Frerichs and Traube, who were bitter enemies and intellectual opponents. So far as all this serves our account of the development of lhe thermometer into medicine, it is evident that in such an atmosphere of intense desire to make an accurate diagnosis every kind of a method was tried. Among them the thermometer. Traube was among the first to introduce it, beginning to use it in his clinic about 1850. But the thermometers of those early days were not such as ours. They were nearly a foot long and required five minutes to make a record. Lauder Brunton says: " I had the appointment of house physician

A 1 1) ,

Decem ber, 1933.

in the clinical wards of the Royal Infirmarya l Edinburgh in 1867 to IH67. "\Vhen I entered on ITIV duties I found amonast other apparatu' for ~se in the wards " case containing two clinical til rmometers, on e straio ht and the other somewhat bent. Each \Va. about ten inches or more in length and took abou fl\'e minutes or more to r ach the temperature 0 " the body, when it was placed in the a~il1a. Thi e; thermometer case I used to arn' undcr my arm a s one might carry a gun." To illustrate the hardship of th early ob servers, Dr. Gcorge II. , a\'age recalls that abou t 1866 he was house physician for Sir \Villiam CuI in London, Sir \\Tilliam Gull in~trlIcted him an ll another house physician to take the tem peratu r(' of a group of typhu fever pati nts eyer)' hour As they had to sit by thc patient r r five minute " and bend over the mouth to read the thcrmoln te (the thermometers were not self-recordi ng such a ~ the one we use now and can shake down) the \ spent most of their time in close proximity tl typhus patient, and Dr. Savage'') as.s ociale canll' down wi th the cI isea e hi msel f. These attem pts were pasmod ic and irregular Onl y one record of a tern perature in til c 1I rse 0 1 any illness was generally t1.ken ll~lIall\' at thl first visit. But there was a h 1I h of expectan \ in the ai r of medicine about lH6S \\henever the -question o f Ever: a patient's temperature \Va mentioned. wise clinician kncw that there was som thing sig nificant about it. What was needed ,vas some systematisation of the procedure. It occurred to Dr. arl Augu I \i\T under! ich, who was professor of mct.! ici ne at Leipzig, that possibly each febrile disease-each fever - had a characteristic k£lld of fever. He began to investigate. IIe laid down certain rules for himself. The thermometer m u,:,t be conven ien t. It must record the temperature in a reasonabl: short time. It must be placed in some part of the body where it is entirely surrounded by body heat. The armpit, or axilla, was the favourite place selected by Wunderlich. But he also tried the mouth and the rectum, Then in his large hospital he began to take temperatures every four hours on all patients, And before long he had plots and plans of temperatures which were just what he had suspected. Here was a typhoid fever, for instance, carried along day after day-a slow rise in the beginning, a steady maintenance of fever for a week or ten days, then a slow daily drop-termination by lysis. Here was pneumonia-entirely diffe rent-a rapid rise to dizzy heights-a maintenance for seven or eight days-then a sudden drop- fall by crisis . Here was tuberculosis-stil l another form-a monotonous day after day recurrence of low tem~

F I R S T

r )cCCI11 ber, 1933.

pe rature in the morning and high temperature in th e evening. 0, in 1868, \i\Tunc.!erlich published his results ill a masterly book called in its English translation . :\ledi al Thermometry" (JJas Verlwlten dc?' In its preface he / ....()"eJl7l'iirlllc l'" A~raJZldlez'tell). " 1. I\' es all d lie cred it to his predecessors-to Georgc " artine and James Currie and Traube, as well as to all the workers in thc pure science of physics, lTa lileo and \Villiam Thomson. Techn ical i m provemen tin the thermometer I ' Cll rred, too. The large ones were replaced by l1all, neat arr ai rs, r gisteri n g the index on an ivo ry platc bel 0\'. which the hulb protruded one in ch. About the sam tim as the publication of \\T underlich's hook Dr. Jifford lIbult invented an d introduced th small self-recording clinical the rmometer 111 uch as We' ha vc it now.

-..-

T he Royal Life S a v in g S oc iet y . \,). "Il'\l 1:-'(. ()ur answers t~) ljU ~li\)I1S, as Ulkcn fn)m tht: I ro n/ c \ledallion ...,tandard of the ~)Ciety':, examination, we ( l11L. to )ul...,tillil 3(1. \\\luld you take tht: patient t~) a hou"e or I 11l0~ l' wl'l cll)thing hdl; rl' coml11cncing the tre<ltmcnt llel'l,~ ...,"ar\' lor the rL' toratiol1 ni breCltlling? . \ll S~\'Cr. \l), rwt an in"tant i::-- to Iw Il) . . t, e\'cn in I o::--c ning clothing; cll'tillcial respiration l1lll s t Iwgin without 11l011lL'nt ' . . lll-I a y:tnd he kL' pt up a s long as lllay appear 1 C('s ar\,: in SllnlL' C: hl' . . lift has hClll rt' st~lrcd aftL'ran hour I 10rc ~) f lInc('a!->in~ work. lJucs tion .) I. - I'..:\plain fully till' l ffl'ct on the patient of \~l h l)f till' t\\'l'l 1ll0\'l' 111L'nts in thl rl''iusLitation method of ,Ill' llandhnl)k, IIn\\' many times a lllinute should thcy be ~(r(' ated ::\I1S\\· ('1". \\'l1cl1 the palil'nt' s abdoll1cn is prl' sed again'il t hl' ground, the abd()l11inal \ iscera arc forced .lga inst the diaphragm; the diaphnu;1l1 risl' " and air i dri\' cn out of the lungs along with \\'akr and mucu::, \\ hich na y he prc..,cnt in the ail-passage. and mouth, and cxpiratim; is rroduced. \\' hen you s\\'ing your body slo\\'ly bac k\\a n.! to its first rosition, thu" rel11o\ing Its \\'Light from the 'la nds (\\'hi ch are left in phce) and rela '\.ing the pre sure on the abdomen, the \ i..,cl'ra re llm their former po"ition, the dia phragm descends, the thorax is enlarged and air pas es 'nt o the lungs, inspiration being produced. R e pem the '110 \e111el1ts regularly abouL 12 Limes a minute, winging nur hody alternately forward and backwards from the I· nees. Every such double movement should occurY about J econds two of which should be taken up by pressure ll';piration) and three by relaxation (inspiration) ; to en ure rEg ularity you should count n\'e sl 0\\'1 y. , . Que tion 32. _ \\Th)' should your thl~' h and hlp muscles be the main ones u ed during artificial respiration? \Vhy "h ould arms he kert straight all the time? Answer, - So that on bending your body from the knees fI nd somewhat straightening the hip joints the weight of yo ur hoely is cOl1\'eyed to your hands. Your arms must be kept stl-aight to ensure the maxiIn Ul11 pressure being conveyed to the patient without muscular effort, and to prevent any overthrow of the operator's body, Ouestion 33.-What use, from the lirst 1110111ent, could yo u I;';'ake of willing helpers? Answer. - While the operator is performing artificial res piration olher,::; may, if opportunity offers, endeavollr lo

A 1 U.

1.17

help restore the circulation by applying warmth in the shape of hot bolties and l1annels to the legs and feet. But nothing must be allowed to interfere with the performance of artificial respiration. Question 34-. How long would} ou persist with artilicial respiration': \Vhat would ) ou do jf YOU became too tired to continue while there was still hope of reco\'ery :,\nswer. - Contil1ue resu citation until there are signs of recovery, shown by the reappearance of natural respirations. If these are inefTecti\'e or tend again to cease, artificial respiration must be resumed. Endeavour to get a helper to take over the ,,'ork by kneeling on the opposite side of the patient, placing his hands on yours, then whilst continuing the movements withdra\\' your hands and allow the assistant to carr\' on. Question 35.- \\That should you do when breathing has rl'commellcecl? \\'hat could your assi tant do to help you :Answer. \Vhen the patient is completely restored and hi"i abilit\, to swallo\\' has been tested by a teaspoonful of \\'nr111 w~ter, a teaspoonful or t\\'O of ,,'arm brandy and \\ ater may be administered. A sistants should be used to COl1\'cy the patient to a house, he may then lie on his right side in a warm bed and be encouraged to sleep. But he must be carefully watchecl for some time to see that breathing does not again fail. Que tion 3h, \Vhen do you stimul;)te circulation, and how? \\' hy are thc limbs rubbed on the inside and upwards onl\' ? - An,,\\'l r, - \\Then breath ing ha. been completely reestablished. By rubhing the legs and arms on the inside, The limh are rubbed on the inside because the \'eins are nearer to the surtace of the skin at thi point. Rubbing i alwa.'s up\\,2rd, i,e., towards the heart only. Ouestion 37. - " \\Tben can artificial warmth be applied to til; pa tient? ,\lso ho\\' and \\'here -: " ' hen should \\'et clnthe be remo\'ed ? .\I1-,\\'er.-\\'hilc the operator is performing artificial re"riration, helpers mny, if opportunity offers, endea\'our to promote warmth by applying hot bottles and flannels to the legs and feel. :\othing must be allo\\'ed to interfere with I he pcrformance of artificial respiration. "Tet clothing hould he remo\'ed as soon a pos ible in order to diminish the 10 s of hent from the body and encourage warmth, but thi" operation must not in any way interfere \\'ith the performance of artificial respiration . Que tion 38.-\\'hen should the ratient be turned face upward ? How do you pre\'ent injury to the arms and head? .\n \\'('r.-1n an actual ca e of resu citation "'llen natural re riratioll i completely re-estahli hed, but not before, the patient should be turned face upw<lrds and hi head and houlders propred up some\\'hat.. Continue tbe promotion of warmth and of circulation if neces arr. To pre\'ent injury to the pa ient' arm and head the operator will extend the left arm of the patient in line with the legs and trunk and place the right arms against the body, palm touching the right hip. He will then take hold of the patient's right shoulder with his left hand, and the right hip with hi~ right hand, enclo ing the passiYe hand under his wrist. "-\ steady pull with both arms will cau e the body to roll towards him. A_ the patient roll past his side, and is about to swing oyer on to his back, the operator's left hand will be pu hed foward so that the patient' right shoulder rests on his forearm and the head on his palm, while his right hand will lousen its grip and slide beneath th hip. NorE. The Central Executive of the Royal Life Saving Society will al\,,'ays be plea ed to arrange for a Lecturer to \'isi l any U nit of the St. John Am bulance Association, or al1\' imilar 'or~anisation to give Lectures and Demon trations ~f their methods of Sa\'ing Life from Drowning and the application of the Schafer lethod of Resuscitation. Full particulars can be obtained from the Chief Secretary, 8, Bayleystreet, London, W, C.t,

FIR S T

1SS

" ueries and J\nswet's e ot't'espondents.

~ueries will be dealt with nnder the following rules:-

[. -Letters containing Queries must he marked on the top left band corner of the envelope" Query," and ad~essed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C.4. 2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cu from the current issue ot the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue. 3·- The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this colLmn is the 38th lI928) Edition of S.J .A.A. Mannal of First Aid.

H.·"E:'I[ORRIL\GE I~ CO:'llPETITION. C. L. (Sleaford).-Plea e tell me if in a competition we hould look for apparent seyere hc.emorrhage in the course of our examination of a supposed unconscious patient. The patient (or patients) in a competition should be treated exactly a in an actual emergency j and consequently the exclusion of " apparent ha;morrhage " (Textbook, p. 156 Rule -1-) should be undertaken immediately on arri,'al at the scene of the accident. By the \va)', the Textbook says nothing- in this connection about "se"ere" hcemorrhage, (1) be~ause an uncon~cious patient does not usualiy bleed se,'erely and (2) because If h c.emorr Ilage . IS , ' apparent, II then it was probably severe' or may become so when, in response to treatment the pa tient regains consciousness. - N. CORBET FLETCHER.' EXA;\II~ATION

HO\\'LER.

A. R. (Camberley).-In a recent examination a candidate \\'as asked how he would apply pressure to the Carotid Artery. The examiner almost collapsed with shock \\'hen our member replied :-" App~l' fourn/quef to the n eck and tl/ihten z't 'U.1ell.l " Good!

ext, please! !- N.C. F.

TREAT:'>IENT OF CO~TA:\1l rATED WOL'NO. A. H. (r~ornto~-Le-Fyld~). - If a house painter engaged in mlxmg pamts cuts himself and gets some lead into the wound, should he be treated as for Bites of Snakes and Rabid Animals (Textbook, pp. 131-132)? Your help in this matter will be welcomed. Th~ venom of. snak~s and rabid animals is so quickly passed mto t:le . clrculatlOn that immediate and special 1~1easures ar~ mdt.cated to prevent, if possible, this com plicatl~n. Lead IS pOIsonous j but it will eot be so quickly transmitted through the system. Consequently, there is no need for the special treatment laid down 011 pp. 131 and 132. In the. circum~ta~ces I would clean the wound first with turpentme (which IS an excellent E'mergency antiseptic) and then lreat it as laid do\\'n in Chapter VII.-N. C. F.

IODINE AS IRRITANT OF SKIN. F.:\1. (Birmingham).-Your reply in the November issue of FIRST AID to a query on EtMes of Fzrst Az'd, interested me yery much. because Iodine irritates my skin and because three times I have had to seek medical advice thro~gh its ~se. Once I knocked my elbow lo which I applIed Iodll1e, althoug-h the skin was not broken. 9uickly ~he parl began to swell and to be inAamed just ltke a p.OIsoned arm; and I was laid up for a fortnight . Some tlll1C laler I knocked and bruised my arm and

A I D.

treated it "\'ith Iodine, with precisel), the same effect a nd a further fortnight's absence from ",ork. Then on ce again (and for the last time) I had the arne experien ce after I had applied Iodine to a bruised knee. To-da)" I am terrified by Iodinc ; and I would not let anyone louch me with it ; and, ",hcn treating a ca" . which needs its use, I always ask the patient first if h . (or he) has had any ill cfTects from it!i application. C f course, in nl\' re-examinations 1 a!\\'a\s recommend Iodine according to th instruction of -the Texthook ; but, ",hen so Joing, I do not feel true to my conscienu . ,\ nul' e ha told I11C that Iodine Joe.;; not suit fa ir skinned people j and 111)' doctor . a~ that IllCiine turn , m.." skin septic, and a(h'ises me to u. e Friar'. Balsam ;1 an antiseptic if I hould cut mys If at any timC'.

FIRST

December, 1933.

I)ecenlbcr, 1933.

THE

HOUSEHOLD PHYSICIAN (NE"W"

The Diseases of Men, Women & Children. Thei r Cau se, Treatment and Curt>. With

You solve your problem in the last paragraph of you your query, and your colleagues have mi ed the point. contusion is a bruise without a \vound, \'\'hcreas a contusec, wounj is a bruise (or contu ion) accompanied by a woune \V~ich is defined as "any division of soft rarts, includin g Sklll, produced by external mechanical force. "- N. C. F. TREATL\!ENT OF FRACTURE ON TIlE. P~. C. L. (Sleaford).-The Textbook teaches u that on a ven cold day we have to treat the fracture on the spot whe l we are called to a patient who is lying on a very wei football ground and suffering from a Compound Fracture of the Leg (both bones). W~ would like to know, if, to lessen the danger 01 the patIent subsequently developing pneumonia in thes L cases, we should get him off the wet ground before we attend to the fracture, and if to this end we should get someone to steady the injured limb while others lift hinl on to the stretcher. Your ruling will be much appreciated beca~s~ this problem has caused considerable divergence of oplOlon amongst the members of our Division. The Textbook (Rule 1, p. 56) instructs you to "attend to fracture on the spot II and not to attempt to move him till the li~b has been made" as immovable, as is practicable, by SpllOtS or other means of restraint." In the circumstance.., named I agree that patient should be moved as quickly a s possible to the. warm pavi~ion where you can complete YOUl treatment amId more satisfactory surroundings j but I do not c?nsider that ~he d~taiJing. of a bearer to the injured lim h suffiCiently complies WIth the lOstruction of the Textbook. In short, in such a case I would bring up the stretcher, protect it with a blanket, tie both lower limbs together at

Complete Instructions on of Hygiene, Physical

First Aid, the Science Culture, etc.

FIRST AID has never been expected to take the It IS designed to prevent the place of the doctor.

ill-effects of accident being more senous than the it IS vvith The Household 0 accident warrants. It IS not published with the aim of Physician. n1aking every reader his o\vn doctor, but rather with the aim of glvmg every reader sufficitnt knowledge to allow him to act 111 the absence of a doctor.

CO 'TUSIOf\' OR CO'TUSEO \VOD;n. under the impression that a black ere i a contusel wound j and they maintain that if the skin i broken I cannot be a con-tused wound. If thie; i 0, \\'h, dOL the Textbook definitely discriminate b tween a co~tusLCi wound (p. 91) and a brui e or contu ion (p. 117)? Y0L1 r decision will be much appreciated.

EDITION )

d escribes in s imple lan g uage w ith helpful coloured p lates and d iagrams

Thanks for your lettcr with its account of ) our person al experiences with Iodine. Of cour e, ) ou reali c that the application of Iodine to Brui es is nOl in accordance with the instructions of the Textbook and that you ha\'e on I) yoursL 1f to blame. In short, you 7uert' among tho e who regar i Iodine as the specific for all injurie, and abnormal local COl ditions, whereas the indications for the us of Iodin h,' fir l aiders are strictly limited and it is po ible that the ar-plic'tion of Iodine to a wound accompanied by ome ha:morrhag(' "'ould do no harm even in }our case. }\('\·erthele. s. J sympathise with your decision to rdus th aprlic.ttion f Iodine for yourself j and knowing the \"ariation in the reaction of individuals to difTerent drug I "'ould not sug-g-est it use for you after hearing your hi tor~.- ' . . F .

J.P. (Consett). - Some member. of our ambulance club al

159

A I D.

PRESENTED A f aw of the subjects t,.eated: First Aid How tn Keep Well .symplom" of Diseases The Diseases of Women Tile Care or I n laney The Olseases of l..hildren SiCk ur sing from "A" to "Z" l-'rincip l e~ of Anatomy Prin ... iples of Hyg1t::ne Princi .. l es of Pharmacy He b I{oot and Salt I{c m e d ies The e r vous S),stem Ph),sical C u lture and H ea lt h Exercises B"auty Hi n ts Nourish ing Values of Foods erve a n d B rai n Disease isea ses of t h e Ge ne r al System Old Age an d it.., Diseases Homrepa t hic Treatme n t Ph y~ iC1i1 Prop e rt ies of t h e Bod y All Abo u t t h e Mu scles Ski n , No s e a n d Thro a t Disea s e s Chest an d Hea r t Diseases Surg-ical D isea ses T he Eye, th e P'1\r , etc. aths a nd B a t hin g"'-'ater Tr e a t m ents l1.edici n e ~ a nd T h e ir Pr e p a ra t ion ervo us Pros tration a n d Neura s thenia ndex , e t c., e t c . , etc.

CUSTOMERS

Complete Treatise on Birth Control , by a London Doctor.

CH I L O REN -Ie explains how ' 0 te.!d, bathe, clothe, and deEcribe every di ease of childhoJd, giVing the SImple home remtdies and the doctor's cures as well. L A DI E S -It explains and describes elery diseas:e and complaint of we men Lorn girlhood lind throughout life, giving the simple home remeoies and the doctor's cures as well. There are hundreds of subjects of value to all. The musc1eo, teeth, digestion, hair, food value, J u·Jitsu, phrenoll.gy. lIow to diagnose diseases, from appe.lrance of head, face, tongue, throat, chest, perspiration, etc.

THREE

TESTIMONIALS

FROM

HUNDREDS

RECEIVED.

" I hav e ~ai n e d 1 0 0 %in e a c h o f t h e 8 t est examinations . . the k no w le d g e of Wh ic h I attribute to y our vol ume s, I ha'l'e yet to meet my defeat in A:-IBULA::\CIt EXA:'U:-<ATIONS." "I am delighted with 'The Household Phy ician,' and as I am an ambulance man, I can appreciate them to their fullest extent. The y are wort h twice th e ir c o s t ." "Very pleased and delighted with ~ame. They are written and explained so plainly that I am sure everyone who studies them must und rstand, and, again, the Illu stratio ns are s o t rue that anyon e w ho had n o knowled g e a t all about the p articular disea e th e diagram illus trat es , w ould surel y recog ni se it when s een on anyone. "

-- -------------~--~---------------------Mess rs. VIRTU E &. CO., Ltd. , H. Dept., 19, 20 , 2 ', Thav ies Inn , Holborn Ci rcus, London, E .C. J.

INVITATION Please send me FREE Booklet without charge or obligation to purchase

to you to send t his Coupon or a p 'o stcard

ADDRESS .............................. ··.·············· ..................................... ............... .

FIR S T

160

thigh, knces, ankles and feet, cover patient w armly with another blanket and remO\'c \\'ith out further delay to the pa\'ili on , If there was no \"arm pavilion or other suitable place of temporary helter, I would campI te my treatment a rapidly as possible on the protected tretcher, afte r h a ving ndopted the amc" mean of restraint" a a lready s uggested . - >; , ,F. HL';\IOURS OF FIR ST

.--\10.

,-\ , H , (Th ornton-Ie-Frlu ),- Kn owing your lo\"(~ for a joke, I send the fo ll owing t\yO am u ing replies g i\'en by members of a troop of Boy Scouts to whom 1 am teaching first aid. Th ey are t\yO o ut of many uch; but I believe that they will cau e your re::tders to mile. (1) On one occa ion I was explaining the importance of length, firmness and width in the choice of splints \yhich, as the T extbook (p . 57 ) teaches, sho uld "keep the joints immediately above and below the fracture at re t.'? .--\ bright lad, age 13, at once replied that this was not always possible, becau e if I splinted hi arm he coul d still mo\'e his shoulder and elbow. (2) On another occasion, when I to ld my cla s that the arm is ca ll ed" the humerus," one of the boys wanted to know if thi . bone was so-ca ll ed because a blimp on the elbo\\' knocks" the funny hone." Thanks for your letter, \-\'hich i~ Illllch npprecinted. N.C.F.

TREAT:\IEl\'T OF FRACT URE O AR:\l.

V. B. (Sutton Bridge). - Please tell me \\'hy the large arm sling is specified on the last line of p. 11 3 in the November issue of FIRST AID as the one to be u sed for Fracture of Arm ilwo!\'ing Elbow-joint? Is the choice of armsling a matter of personal opinion? Possibly so, though I deduce that the autho r of the article is not a St. J ohn lecturer.-N.C.F. TREAT:\IEl\'T OF CO:\IPOCND FRACTURE.

T. N. (Preston).-Please be good enough to settle a dispute in our Divi sion and tell us if we should app ly extensio n in the case of Compound Fracture of Leg witl! capillary bleeding but without protrusion of bone, or if we should just straighten the limb without estension. The application of extension to a fractured limb is not as ea y as it sounds; and sometimes considerable force is needed. Consequently all attempts at extension of a compound fracture are forbidden to first aiders when the bone protrudes. Further, straightening a fractured limb without extension is a gl ib phrase because it is difficult of performance. In the case quoted by you the T extbook a ll ows you to attempt extension, because the bone does not protrude. -

T.C.F. SnlPLE FRACT URES OF CLA\' ICLE ,\l\'T) Hl'MERUS.

T. H. (l\1ountain Ash) .-At a first aid examinat ion held in this locality recently, cand idates were asked to treat a patient for Simple Fractures of Clav icl e and of Hum eru s, both injuries on right side. Iu ch discussion a rose as to the correct treatment; an d \\'e shall welcome yo ur views on this point. This combination of fract ures s ignifies a serious accid ent and a grave degree of shock. Th e patient sho uld , therefore, be kept Aat and removed on stretcher. Consequently, I sho uld control the Fractured Humerus (wh ich as the more erio us injury demands priority in treatment) with splints an d bandage ; and I should then keep the upper limb in close apposition to the body-Aext-d at elbow or exte nd ed as

A I D.

December, 1933.

----------------

patient prefers - wh ereby the Fract ured Clavicle would h\.! protected from agg ra\'ation, \\'hi ch is the main object of hr..,t a id .--l .c. F.

A 5

DEPENDABLE

AMBULANCE

FR ,\ CTl'RE ll\'\·o[.\'II\G ELBO\\'-.JOINT.

F. H. (Goo le).-\Ve nre in doubt a to the corr ct treatme nt of Fracture in\'ol\' ing Elbow-joint as de cribed on pp. (JIJ n nd 70 of the Textbook. D o we u e t \\'0 bandage, , one as a figure-of-eight ro und hand and wrist, or three bandage, at arm, forearm and hand ~ The instructio n. . can be so read that they cover both IllL'thods. I ha r\.! not ee n this question raised in FIRST ,\1[) prcviou 1;. ; and so I a k for your kind ruling. The in structiuns might ce rtai nly be rcau to CO\ 'f bot h methods; but, if you r fer to tho e dealing with the figure-of-eight bandage for Fractured Forearm on th(fol low in g page, you will probably agree with me that the T extbook intend ' you to u e three bandages - at nrm, foreann and hand. At any rate il is the better plan becau e mo t fir t aider ' experie ll ce diffi cult) in app lying the figureof-e ight bandage neatly, quickly and Olciently. :\' . C. F . TRO UBI.E

OF A '

A U S T

THAT IS A SOUND

INVESTMENT

,'I I'

Girl Guide. in lirst nid and ns one of Ill) lcsls I g- 1 e the perfonnace of artificinl re opiratiol1, using as I ,) model a mall, brig-ht lad. Th e lirst girl rcrfornwd t H,' movement efTicient ly and rhythmicall) and, to I I)' delight, caused the boy to expire with a g run t. \\, hL 1, howe\'er, the . econd girl was doing her tcst I noted th It, a lthough she \\'as not doing the mo\'cments at all \\ ell, th~ hoy was grunting \\' ith the snme regularity as h ,fore . So I stopped the tcst and a ked the boy \\ hy I.e \\'a grunting. H e rerlied that his father was a ke n member of the S.]. A. Brigade and had taught hin1 artificial respiration; and that con"iequcntly he kn ew what \yas reyuired when pressure was e\.ertcd on his back and loi ns ! Of SLlch are the t rouhles (,f :- n cxaminer! ! Thanks for letter which is much appreciated . I alll always impressed by the enthu ia. m with which Ollr "patie nts" play their parts in examination and competiti on, and how they s ub co n ciousl), do and a)' the right thi llg after one or two trials, even when they hase had no lral l ing in first a id. Some candidates will therefore be surpris J to learn that their examiners a lso have trouble, 1m re especially in keeping the cales of ju tice evenly ha lanced :--J .C.F.

A N

A 5

EXA;\Ill\'EI~.

E. \1. ( H olly Lodge). - R ecently I was e\.amining

161

A I D.

FIRST

December, 1933.

Illterior of 20 h.p. Stalldard Ambula11ce equipped with Carter 's gear.

THE

AUSTIN

TWENTY

H.P.

STANDARD

Three questions have to be answered before deciding on an ambulance. Is it exactly adapted in every detail to its special work? Is it so dependable that breakdown is practically impossible? Will it sen-e you over a long period of years? In brief--is i~ a sound investment? . . . An Austm ambulance satisfies all these requirements because long specialised experience of ambulance design is embodied in all its features. To mention but a few, its supple suspension system, its vibrationless engine, its unusually complete and officially approved interior equipment, its special draught-free ventilation, and its ease of cleaning. Because, secondly, the keystone of Austin reputation for a quarter of a century has been absolute dependability. And because the Austin ambulance is built expressly for many years of service. That is why so many famous hospitals and government departments have invested in the Austin. Write for full particulars, and mention any special interior fittings you may require.

AMBULANCE

£ 71 0

(Chassis

only,

£385)

12 hp. fOllr-cylinder mbillallce, £426 lOs ... Chassis Ollly, £190. 20 /z.p. si_"o-cylinder Ambulallce, all special IOJv-loadillg chassis, £785,. Chassis Ollly, £385. 16 !J.p. six-cylinder Ambulance, £462 lOs.,. Chassis all !.Y , £226. (Prices at works. )

CO~1PLlCATED FRA TUHE OF R IBS.

V. B. (Sulton Brid ge) . -At a com petition recently the winni ng' team was t he on ly one which in the treatment of CO li plicated Fracture of Ri bs placed the upper limb straib ht down a longside the patient instead of in a large ar l1l sli ng as laid dowll in Rul e 4 on p. 66 of the T extbook. I note your statement of facts; but, as the deta il d marking sheet is not before me, I can make no s uggestion IS to why th-= winning team did not carry out the in structions of the T extbook which req uire the upper limb on the inju red s ide to be s upported in a large armsling in all cases of Fn,ctured Ri bs. I surmi se, how eve r, that th eir ac ti on on this point did not win the competition and that they were throughout the best team in the competition on that dar· -

AUSTI ---------

SPECIFICATION G ENE R A L Wheelbase 11 ft. 10 ills. Six-,-ylillder engille with eight bearillg crankshaft. Coil igllitioll. 15 gal/oJl petrol tank. Semielliptic alld zinc-interleaved springillg havillg Silelltbloc nOll-lubricated shackles. ExceptioJlally long rear springs. Hydraulic shock absorbers frollt alld rear.

N.C.F.

The "DECORATORS' « PAINTERS' MAOAZI NE" 8d. monthly) Is THE trade paper for all Intereste d.-Publlsbinl Office: ... 6, Cannon Street, E.C .....

- -- - - - - - - - - -

THE AUSTIN MOTOR CO. LTD., BIRMINGHAM.

SHOWROOMS: 479-483,

OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.1

162

FIR S T

A I D.

December, 1933.

Red Cross News. It i officially ann ounced that Lieut.-General Sir Harold Fawcus, K.CB., CM.G.} D.S.O., Director of Medical eryice at the \Var Office, has been appointed SecretaryGeneral of the Briti h Red Cross Society in sllccession to Brig.-General H. B. Champain, whose death wa announced la t month. H.R.H. the Duke of York, 'Chairman of the Society, presided at the Statutory Half Yearly Meeting of the Council of the Society held at its headquarters, 14, Gro yenor Crescent, London, S.VV.l. Before the business of the meeting began, the Duke of York presented the Florence ightingale Medal to Miss Lloyd Still, CB.E., R.R.C, the Matron of St. Thomas's Hospital, and to Miss \V. E. Walters, the Superintendent of the Ciyil Hospital at Karachi. In asking the Duke of York to make the presentations, Sir Arthur Stanley said that the Florence Nightingale medal was av;arded by the International Committee of the Red Cross of Geneya for special services to the nursing profession. It was instituted before the war, and each y ear a few of these medals were awarded. This vear, one was being awarded to Great Britain and one to India. It was specially appropriate, he said, that the medal should be awarded to Miss Lloyd Still. She had been matron of St. Thomas's Hospital since 1913, and during the war was matron of the Fifth London General Hospital. In addition, she was head of the Nightingale School of Nursing at St. Thomas's Hospital, and had just been appointed President of the International Council of Turses. Miss vValters, who had been sup erintendent of the Ciyil Hospital at Karachi since 1912, had trained oyer 300 nurses. During the war she served with hospitals for sick and wounded officers in both Mesopotamia and Africa. She enj oyed in a yery special 'way the confidence and affection of the people of India. Reports were presented recording the growth of the Red Cross in Swaziland, the Gold Coast and Nyassaland. Swaziland has now been enrolled as a branch of the British Red Cross Society in the same way as the other colonies, and the resident Commissioner there is its President. An Executive Committee has been appointed, and active work is now being carried out. The Gold Coast Branch, which was formed in 1932, has been carrying on active work since its inception. It is helping materially in establishing clinics for maternity and child welfare in yarious parts of the colony. Over 20 Junior Red Cross Links have now ben established there. In Nyassaland, a branch was formed in September last with the Governor as its Patron and Lady Young as President. Divisions of the Society are being formed in seven centres throughout the colony, all of which are already doing good work. The British Red Cross Society during recent years has been carrying on an active campaign to alleviate the suffering caused by rheumatism, and also to investigate its causes. Sir William Hale-White reported that he and Sir Arthur Stanley, representing the Society, had attended a meeting of the Research Committee set up by the University of Liverpool to investigate the causes of rheumatism, and announced that the British Red Cross

ociety had agreed to provide £200 a year for the se ven years in order to help 011 the scheme. Referring to the Red Cross Society's own Clinic fo r Rheumatism in Peto Place, London, Sir William H ale\Vhite said that over 7,000 treatments had been given in the Clinic last month. This was an increase of mo r e tl' an 400 oyer October of la t year. One very gratifying s .gn of the progress of the Clinic \vas that there were no\\' over 3,000 doctors on its roll who were in the habi t of regularly referring rheumatic cases to it for treatmen HEREFORDSliIRE BRAKCII.-A meetinO' of the gen eral committee of the Hereforclshire Branch was held at the Headquarters, Blackfriars Street, Hereford, on Thur day. November 30th, when there were present ML. Clo\\ e , M.B.E. (chairman), Lt.-Col. H. F. Lea, CM.G., D. O. (County Director), Mr. W. R. \Vhite, M.e. (County ec ctary), Mr. A. Herbert Jones (hon. treasurer), Mrs. F JX) Miss Knight, Miss B. Duncombe, 1iss r. G. Robin .( n. Dr. C R. Edwards, Dr. G. D. Tullis, Dr. E. \V. Du Buisson, Dr. H. 'vV. John ton, Col. II. E. P. Pate h 11. D.S.O., 1\1r. S. F. Roc-Thompson, 1.1r. Freeman e\\i 11, 1\1r. A. H. 1\Iorrish, 1\1r. J. Pocknell, and Mr. \V. D. Bau e. At the commencement of the meeting the members stnd for a moment in silence as a tribute to the late Bn '.General Hugh Bateman-Champain. A very interesting fact was stated by the COlli tv Director that the Branch had, for the fir'3t time, its fui l quota of mobile men and women. Following a reference by Colonel Lea to the work of the V.A.D. members in the hopfields during the pick ing-. Miss Duncombe put forward the suggestion that in fut ure years arrangements might be made for camping in (Ie hop districts. This would not only afford the pleasur of camping, but do away largely with the necessity f r transport to and from the city. Col. Lea also spoke of the progre s to date of tl,c scheme for the provision of an ambulance ervice for t' c city and neighbourhood and, commentin g upon this SU II· sequently, Dr. Tullis said that the movement had producl 1 an extraordinary wave of keenness jn his own detachmel.t since it was mooted; so much so, that he had now 27 probationers.

A whist drive and dance, org-anised by the newl . formed Sunderland District Omnibus Division, S.J.A.B , was held in the Philadelphia liners' \Velfare Hall on 'WeLInesday, November 22nd. ASTHMA R ESEARCII COONCIL.-The report of progre.-s for the year ended October 31st, 1933, is now issued. Particu lars are g iven by the R ight Han. Lord Greenway (chai lman) of the yea r's work, and the work ca rried out at numCopies of the repo rt erous in stitutions a r e a lso included. can be obtained gratis from the sec retary, Asthma R esearch Council, care of King's College, Strand, London, W.C.2. We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretaries and others with specimen copies of this Journal for distribution among their members. Apply to t he Publishers, FIRST AID, .. 0 Cannon St., London E.C. 4

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRICADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

MANUALS OF FJRe,T-AID, &e .• By N. CORBET FLETCHER. M.B., B.C., M.A.( Cantab ), M.R.C.S. AIDa

Regulation-Right! Quality-Right! Price-Right!

THORNTON· &

CO.,

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

24, Commerolal

st., BRIGHOUSE. YORKS.

rEI ErIlO,\B : BRIGlIO US r: 29:).

FIRaT-AID.

.1.

AIDa

HOME-NURaINO.

Third Xditlon. Price I I . :lid •• post fr~e. Heme-Nur.lal! Slmplllled aad 1abalated, wltll Aldl tl .emlry. b II , Tllis boo.t wONth,./flllr li",pli/£II a co",pl,s Iflb,"ct a"ti Ilwfllti b, ",ad 11 II ItfltU"tl. " -L. &: N .W. Ry. GAZBTTB.

All Uniforms cut to customer's own measurements NURSES OOATS, A SPEOIALITY. Smd P. C.lor Price List and Sell-1Ju.asurWlent "orms.

Seventh Edition. Post free, ~d. flr.t.Ald Simplified and 'Iabulated, wltb Alai to .e.ory. Col. Si,. fa",., (a ltlite CD"tribfll., 4" i"t,.otiflctitl" a"ti WI ,,,tio,.,, hu roo(:l ~i"io" OJ llu book. "-LANCBT.

EFFIOIENCY

FIRaT-AID.

Third Edi tion. Post fr~e, II. ad. roble •• III Stady 'h".unG' aDG Bxamlutlo ••• Ited I" Sealor Itadeals I f WUllofll deflO/llu book will b, OJ I",at IlroiCi i" llu t"aiNi"r tI/llwll/o" whtl", it il dui,r""ti."-BIilITISH MEDICAL ]OOJtNAL.

COMMON

ERROfl8

FIR8T-AID.

Second Edi ton. Post free, I I . zd. Brrura IU t'lut·Ald Detailed and J:jxplI~laed • . . 1lcis hook girl'" a cl"~,..,,. i"sir'" iHtti tlu ~'tMtis aHti .di/!ic~lttLU OJ ,,,.,rr'''',, t"lat".,,,t by lay""" tha" tlu otfi,ctal T,stbook ttIlI/. - ANCET.

AMBULANOE

COMPETITI~N

TE8T8

(Stretcher, Individual and Quest.lon-Six Folders~. P.r1c 6d. e:r h iit , p~rc~~. Each Folder contains special article on C,!mpetitlon~ i- RO. I, . ng Common

TEl £<, PHONt:- illUSI:WM 2703.

DAM,

ROUILLY &

(3 minules fr om \\apl 1!~ ) .

co.,

Human Osteology, Anatomy, etc.,

Competition Tests; No.6, Preparation of Tests.

WHY

Largest Selection in Europe. inspection Cordially In\ itcd. PRICE LI STS FR EE ON APPLICATION.

AND

WHEREFORE:

FIRaT-AID.

Fifth Edition. Price. I. ~d •• post free. DllllcaltlOi II Study aad 'Ireatmeat 10l1Od by Qaestloa Illd Auw". II w. co",,,,.,,J t lsil bODR to L'ctfl"...:' a"ti StfltU"t, wllo w{ll fi"J it 0/1""4' lI~i'l. -FIIilST AlD.

18, Fitzroy St., Tottenbam Court Rd., LondoD, W.1. Human Articulated & Disarticulated Skeletons & Skulls. Half-Skeletons, Pelves & Fretal Skulls. Upper & Lower Extremities, Feet, Hands & Loose Bones of every description. Anatomical fodels & Wall Charts,etc. Bandage Figures & Limbs.

k~~~!~ni;Co~Je~t!~:'; ~~.d~~t;!r~:~mElr~:;~ite~~e~~me~~~ No. ~,3iIistory of

HINTa

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLIEa.

Post frl'le, 8d. Orderly Duties SImplified la l1 Tabalated, ,,!ltb led •. t • •~elllory. A Most co"'l>~ct b,.ocll.fI ..' . . co"tai"s ... flcll fll,jtil r"!o",,,attOH . -PJtESClUBB FIRST AID. Illustrated by so diagrams In Colours with Explanat'B' Letterpress. By Sir JAMBS CANTLIE, K.B .E., LL.D., M.A., M . . C.M., F.R.C.S., D.P.H .R.C.P. 7!d. net; post free.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES. M ounted on Canvas , Roller top and bottom.

25.5 .

uet each.

Post , IS.

I. Hkum an Skele~n, ~roD~ :t~e:· M usc~b~ ir~:t ~~e;pr~~I!IBi~OdSt:l:st~~. bac view ~. usc es, a . (AS· Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen 6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdor:rAbd)· 7· (Cl 9 Viscera of the Chest and (B) 8 Viscera of the Chest au omen S· . i dla f C· I tl Ahd~be·nJD). The Ne¥b:kS:r!~enmEye~I. 14~hMed\~n Se~i: °thr;~~~ t5ki~ e uman ar. Median Section through Head.

IE·

I2.

I?'

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. Male, 80S. net.

l :\ IFORMS & PLEASE SEND FOR PRICE LISTS.

niform Clothing & Equipment Co" LTD, 10 &

11,

CLERKENWELL GREEN lONDON t E.C.l.

Telegrams: "U niqui p, Lo ndon ."

Female, 80S. net.

\Vith Foetus. 85S. net.

Carriage 2S.

A book that Is selling by the hundl'ed. ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIE~.

Telephones : Clerken well 6682, 5226 .

AMBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE, By F. C. BOTfOMLEY, M.D. A booklet to aid those interested In Ambulance and Stretcher Work . Price 2d, each, post tree. II First Aid," 46, Cannon Street, London, E _C 4·

"FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIE~ COUPON. To be ,ut out and enclosed witll all Que",es DEC., 1933.

Their Si s. Symptoms and" First Aid" Treatment:. An Ideal MemOrizer Quick i':ference. By A. T . GOODING . With Preface by WILLIAM LOCK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed .• &c., and JOHN NICOLSON, l\I.A., l\I.B., Ch.B.Glas. .1. :lid. ne t post free. By J. M. CARVBLL. M.R.C.B.Ba,. FIR.T AID IN FEW WORDII. (200th thousand) Revised. With Colonred Diagrams. 12pp. Cloth, 6d. Strong paper. 2d. Post l~. HOME .. URIII .. a I.. FEW WORDS. (56th thousand). Revlsecl With useful reference tables. 1~ pp. Strong paper, ~d. Post Id. BA .. DAal .. O DIAaRA.S. 12 pp. 7 2 bandaging diagrams, with notes. Strong paper, ~d. Post Id. H I" FEW WORDS. By Sir R, ..,. PI~TH. D.P.H H ~~R~~. 8. 20th Thousand. Paper folder 3 in. and 4 it.. Post free 3d. net. B T

HOWARD M. PRB8TOl"l, D'",D"st"ato,. It) III, PoI"t",II"ic . YHE TRIA .. GULAR BA .. DAaE : Price 1.5. net ;.postage, zd Its Application Accurately Described by Words and lIO Diagrams. THE ROLLER BA .. DAaE. Price 1.5. net; p~stage, 2d. lis Application Accuratelv Described hy Words and 102 DIagrams.

FIR.T-AID A .. ATOMIGAL DIAaRA • • • 13 (I to 12.and I.)on Roll Post free, 31. 9d. net. No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Gemtal Organs . /:lI THE GOMPLETE MA .. IIlI... Price 2 •. net; postage .d Systems of Body accur~tely i~dexe~i. Inval~able to .Students of Anatom} MedicIDe, Flrst·Ald and Alhed SuhJects. THE WHOLE ART OF BA .. DAal .... B7 TaBK-LA BOWBBR. Illustrated. Post free, II. 2d POGIlET FIRST AID SERlE •• By Col. R. J. BLACICHAM, C.B •• C.M.O .. C!I.B •• 0 ••• 0" M.II (1) Poisoning, (2) Ha:morrhage, (3) Insensibility] (4) Asphyxia (Suspeuded BleaU I ) () F r ctures Dislocations and Sprains, \6) Wounds, Bites, Burns, SC6.ldJ R~~tu~e an; Mlno; Injuries. The Series contains all the essent als of First AId Printed on lInen·lIned cards, 31 In. X 5! in. Third Edition. 6d. ue etch postage 2d extra. AIDII TO MEMORT FOR FIRST AID .YUDE .. TS A .. D .. URSES VBRNON NBWTON, M. It ~ •. (Bar ). 9d. net. Pcst JOHN

B'LE,

SONS

DANIELSSON.

83-91, Great Tltchfield Stl'eet London

Ltd.

W.1

Hobson & Sons

J. AI WYLIE & CO .•

Manufacturers of Uniforms, Headdresses, Accoutrements for

MEDALS, BADGES

(London) Ltd.),

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. SPECIAL OFFER of All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed TROUSERSPrivates-13/9 per pair. LIMITED

QUANTITY

ONLY.

Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

FIRST AID

Who/•••I. Mak.r. 01

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

AND

TROPHIES

-lo. 475.-VOL. XL.

ADDRESSPhone - Hop 0680 & 7065.

North of England Office: 22, YORK PLACE, LEEDS.

FIRST AID n

AMBULANCE

AND

NOTICE

CORP.

80CIETIEiI.

Bronze, 3/- I Sliver, -4/6; Silver, Oold Centre, 6/9·

Original Designs and Quotattons post ,ree.

Wholesale Prl08s to all .. FIRST AID" SOCIETIEI.

62,

HOLBORN

VIADUCT,

E.C.

Telephone- 0840 Cltv.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE

•

Perfect Fit, Quality and Materials, Correct Details,

•

We have had 50 years experience in the making 0 Uniforms .

"SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for receiving

49, Hardman Streel,

SKND FOR PRICK LISTS:-

LIVERPOOL.

15, Red Lion Square, LONDON, '/I, .C 1.

Phone: Royal 2992.

Phone: Chancery 8(j4~.

an1at 137. Sentinel House, Southampton Row, London. W.C.1.

(L'POOL) L TO.

NUMBER,.

OHIAL-

DOL tor's

Lall1l'nl

r l)f c,t. ]nhn

l' WS

...

11>5 166 166 166 166 168

170 17 J 17+ 175 176 177 17 179

180 1 0 1 1 1 2 182 J 83 18+

185 1 ., 5

QU I ti lES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

'i,

~II· H4~ :I: 1'1: i i 4.ltl·l: bjI ,

Printed and l:'ublisheu by DALE, REYNOLDS & Co" Ltd., 46, Cannon-street, London. E.C.4. to whom alllcommunications should be addressed. 7 elegrams--" Twent)'-Iour, London." Telepkone -Central I42 I • To be had of Newsllgeuts, Booksellers and Bookstalls in the TJ llited Kingdom and at aU Railway Bookstalls of Messrs. W. H S 'n ith and SonS.

Rt!

WRITE FOR DESIGNS, SAMPLES and PRICES •

fHIS

Thl Skeleton: Its Purrose~ anti Uses Di r ll heria ... ... .. . Ou ! Crossword Puzzle Ou ,1 urses' Pages

•

soiled dressings, sanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing in any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing sprint?:, without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. "ZOR BO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS j SANITARY TOWELS j all classes of FIRST·AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements.

"1 nn.d,l'" Tannic .\l'itl ]L:ll\' 'hn .\l1lhulance .\ssl'ciali~)n ~t \ \.. ar Re'-ot)lulions .. . TI ~l.'cond Line' of Dd~l1cl.' Parl 3 S.J \ . Briga~e I?jstri~t Report ~ TI Ra co Lwilll1tll'Y handage r. astcner Prio \ for 'Vales h .... , ~l , otis of Resu'icitalion TI Ritual of the \\'ct he RCl 'ay Ambulance New Rt. d II)gienc ... Poe Ambulance News ... Thl Royal Life Saving- ociety Lel r5 to the Editor ... Let ..Ire in First Aid Th Proneness to .-\ccitlenls

DIRECT FROM OUR FACTORY

All Dressin&,s are of GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE.

(1 eleplume: Stockport 2794 and 41(6)

EDITORIAL. The

DALE, REY 'OLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CA'~O:-; STREKT, LO:-.rIlO!'I, E.C.4. Tele f{raphic Address - " Twenty [<Jur, LOlldon." 7e1ephont- Cit)' i7' o.·

London 5howroom-

absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dress· ings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers only the quantity of gauze or lint required; after cutting this off, Iotare the Container in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from ex' posure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded tke Certificate 0/ tke Institute 0/ Hygilne.)

MARRIOTT STREET MILLS. STOCKPORT

READERS.

Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in I its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Repo rts on subjects pertaining to the Mo\'ement and also welcomes 5ugrest ions for Pradical Papers. All Rep,)rts, &c., should be addrec;sed to the Editor at the address below, and should reach him before Ihe 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessan·ly lor publication) by the nal"' ... and addre s of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, Ad"enist:ments and other business Communication!> cur ected "ith F I RST AID ~hould he forwarded to the Publishers,

No. 77-

EQUIPMENT.

BAILEY & SON, Ltd.

PRICE THREEPENCE [3/6 PER ANNUM, POST FR E E

An ':1ual Subscrip tion is 35. 6d. post free: single copies 3 d .

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL.

"STERAID '(Regd.) series ot

~OBEI{T

FI RST A lOis published on the ~o th of each mon th.

CONTENTS

SURCICAL

Entered at ] [ Stationers' Hall

&altable for

Contractors to H.M. Ministry of Munitions. Russian Government. &c.

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I.

JANUARY, 1934.

frcatment of Frost Bite "S xamination Howler \l11bu lan ce Sisler' atchel Definition of Poisons... Se wer Gas... Treatment of a Fractured Spine Sihester's Method ... H umou rs of First Aid ... Iodine with Punctured Wounds T reatme nt of Fractured Spine or Pelvis -:' udden Loss of Power of Legs ... f reatmen t of Fractured Spine T ransport of Fractured P elvis...

188

188 188 188

188 188 1 )8 189 189 189 189

189 189

attention has been drawn A DO CTOR ' , to a letter which appeared in a LA;\rE T. London daily newspaper, under the designation of "Panel Doctor." This doctor stated that "After lecturing St. John Ambulance classes for several years, I re igned on realising that I ,vas only educating a number of individuals who ,vere longing for the opportunity to deprive me of a fee. I also noticed that there was no desire on the part of plumbers, wireless mechanics, and other skilled members of my ambulance classes to teach me how to do withou t tlzeir services." an this doctor, who, on his own statement, is an experienced lecturer, have missed, or forgotten, to emphasise the importance of Principle 12 of the St. John Textbook to his students? Is it possible that he has overlooked the meaning of the words" First Aid to the Injured" as given in the first nine lines of Chapter 1 ? There are many who consider this chapter of no importance, but to the more experienced layman the whole foundation of first aid is to be found therein. Further, can the hundreds of doctors who willingly, and in the majority of cases gratuitously, lecture to first aid students throughout the country, and who agree 111 teaching the layman the preventive treatment In cases of accident, be wrong? Can the whole aims of the St. John and other known kindred societies be such that doctors fear that in time their services will not be required? We answer No, emphatically, to each of these two questions. Fortunately, we feel that this doctor's lament is but an isolated instance, and that there is an overwhelming effort on the part of others of the medical profession who, frankly, enjoy O UR

FIR S T

166

instructing the layman on the subject of first aid so that the tuden t can assist the in jured per on, or persons, until professz'onal lzelp t's available.

Order of St. John. THE Londo7l Ga::ette announces that the King has sanctioned the followin cy promotions in and appointments to the Vcnerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem :-

A-niglzts a/Justice. Viscount Leverhulme, Lord PI ender, G. B. E. I':Jliglzts oj Grace. Sir Bernard Henn' Bourdilion, KB.E., c.:'II.G., Brig.Gen. Sir J 0 eph :\loy;ius Byrne, K. c.:'Il. G., K. B. E., C. B., Lord Brabourne, G.C.LE., ~I.c. Dame oj GracI' . Lady Bledisloe.

Commanders. \V. H. Carse, :'11. B., E. C. LO\\'e, \V. Bag-sha\\', :'II. A. jamieson, J. Roberts, Major F. H. Humphris, :'II.D., Lt.Col. Sir Henry :'Ilulleneux Grayson, K. B. E., ,"\T. S. LO\'ell, Col. Sir Richard Arthur Needham. C.LE., D.S.a., H. L. D. Engleheart.

Officers. A. E. Sutton, ;\I.B.E., T. McBride, \V. J. T. ~lullins, Sir Ernest Henry Pooley, Lt.-Col. A. D. Stewart, 1.l\l. S., j. J. Abraham, C.B.E., D.S.O., M.D., F.R.C.S., R. Place, :'Ilajor H. A. Sandiford, ?\1. C., 1\1. B., Cll. B., D. Ph., R.A.:\1.C., J\lajor R. Rigg, O.B.E., T.D., Major the Hon. Sir John Hubert \Vard, E. C. \T. 0., J. J. Dunlop, E. R. Forestier-\Valker, Capt. G Pritchard Brown, Capt. J. A. Codrington, R. C. A. Ca\'endish, :\lajor F. T. G. Tremlett, 1\1. B. E~, Dr. \V. H. Kauntze, A. \V. Green, L. \iV. G. Malcolm, A. D. J an-is, ~lajor-Gen. P. Barclay Sangster, C.B., c.:\l.G., D.S.O., Capt. H. F. C. Crookshank, l\l.P., A. L. Allen, F. \V. Davy, Lord Burghley, IV!. P., Earl of Cranbrook, Viscount l\1ountgarret, Earl of Feyersham, Lt. · Col. F. G. Peake, C.B.E., Miss ~1. A. Batey, A.R.R.C., l\1i~s Gertrude Ashberry, Lady (Lindsley) Peters, A. R. R. c., Lady Loraine, 1\1rs. Christian Leckie Cahusac, frs. Susan Place; Lady Plender, :'Ilrs. :'II. E. L. \Vhitbread, Lady J\1 ulleneux Grayson, Hon, Mrs. Victor Perowne,

" Tannafax '" Tannic Acid Jelly. THE use of tannic acid as a first aid treatment has been somewhat retarded by the inconvenience of preparing fresh solutions and the deterioration of same when stored. To overcome these difficulties, J\lessrs. Burroughs, \Vellcome & Co. ha\'e placed on the market a preparation known as "Tannafax" Tannic Acid jelly, which is nonoily and non-greasy, and has a water-soluble antiseptic base that can be easily bathed off when medical treatment demands the removal of dead tissues, The manufacturers state that the removal can be effected without the pain which is associated with oily or greasy preparations. This new preparation is obtainable in tubes of two sizes, and in this handy form it should increase the benefit of the general use of the tallnic acid treatment for hprns,

A I D.

January, 1954.

St. John J\mbulance J\ssociation. EX~IOUTII.-In the presence of a repre entaLi\'e gatll{' r. ing the foundation ton of the Ba tin Iemorinl Hall \ 'as laid on Tuesday, December 5th, by !\fr, T, 0arbutt Kn vt t. The hall ",hich is being built at a total estlll1ated cos of £1,200 is to be a memorial (0 the l:lte Inspector John Ba" in who when head of the local section of the De\'on Con ta bu. lary' formed the Exmouth Town Di\'ision, ,J .. \. B. The pr~\:ision of a hall as headquarters for the Brigade \\ as a n idea he orirrinaled in his lifetime. 1\11'. jghn Cartcr (Chairman of the Urban 'ouneil) p e. sided oyer the opening ceremon)" and ",as upported on t Ie platform by :'Ill'. T. Garbutt Knoll, the Re\,. Gregory Ed e. man, Mr. Harry A. Law (Chairman of Exmouth .J .. \. 1\.), and Inspector Dart, the successor to Inspector Ba tin a head of the local con"tabulary. pectators were accommodated under an awning and among those present were rerresentati\'es of the loral bodies and members of the Brigade. 1\Jr. II. .\.. La\\' in an introductory addre s appeal~d '0 the general public to gi\'\.~ liberal support so that the h tI l could be opened free of debt. The Chairman aid it ~'a\ e him a grcnt d al of pll!asu e to see such a rerrc entatin' ~athering. The da) \\ a s 'l notable one for EXlllouth, because the) had as, cmhlcd 0 hare in the material e tablishmcnt of the Exmouth scction of the St. John Ambulance.\ ociation and to perpetuate its spiritual foundation in 1926 by the late Inspector Ba tin, 1\Ir. Garbutt Knott in declaring- the . . tone "well aoel truly laid," said ho\\' rleased he \\'<1. Lo hel\ e tLe honou r l f so doing, His friendly association with the late I nspecl r John Bastin, and his interest in ambulance work were two reasons for the pleasure he experienced when he rccei\ ed the invitation to lay the foundation stone. The Re\,. - Gregory Bateman then pronounccd the hIes ing. In pector Dart paid tribute to 11is late col1ca~u('s mcn ll ry and to the mem bers of the Brigade. The financial tatement by Amb. OOicer J. II. :\Iatth c\\'s ga\'e the total receipts as £516 16. 9d. to\\ ards the Lotall1f £1,200, Since that statement had hc n prepared, furt h r amounts bad been recei\'cd.

------.--.------

New Year Resolutions.

FIR S T

January, 1934.

Bri('Yacle. lIave I kept my mind and my body fit jor 'b771y duty al~d. :lZy respollSI'bihty? Ha~e I at te nded my DIvIsIonal lecturcs and practIces, th us kceping my ullderstanding of First Aid uncloudcd, and my sIn'll and dexterz'ty unim paircd? To do m r job wcll - that is, to be a source of be cI1t, and 'not of danger, to the stricken and in urcu who orne i11 to my hands -- I must bc eiL r in my mind as to 'w/zat I must do [or them an fLO'll) I must do it, and I must be expcrt in the pb <;ical and manual processes in\ olved. IIave I rc rrcd to my Tcxt ~ook [or guidance on point.':> of i1con- or of proced u rc that werc not q L1 i te clear a ll defi-nite in my mind, or ha\'c I let m) self get a t it 'I woolly" on some points '? It often is LI S ful to discuss points with my comrades or with my Di\'i!:>ional urgeon. I must ke p it always in my mind that Fir~t Aid is a lInple, om monscnse su bject, and that a little th ug ht or a little explanation [r m a comrade wilt often clear up vague ideas an I gi\'c me a el c n-cllt, imple g-rasp of the matter, that will ma" c my trcatment of my paticnt be.ter and sOlln der, becau':>e it \\Cill bc based on a logical unde rstanding of" IIow" and" 'Vh)'," and not in me re cat h-ph rases or r ~peti tion. I lave I practiccd thc lIlalllta! and the ll1Ccilalll~ ll / p~rt of 111 y job, 011 \\'11 ich the com fort amI \\. I- being of my cases will ~o often depend? C. I put lip a fraulIrl.: better, less clumsily, more sCZ. '~I ', no\\, than I oul I t\\ el\'c months ago? Is my technique of indIrect pressllr' (l)n pre SLIre poi ts) more accurate and enlcient than it \\as las· 'ear? :\1\' strctcher load ing; it should be sm ~ ther, gel;tler, better timed 'with the re t of th tU11TI. :'1)' stretcher-bearing; will the injured m, I hel p to carry in 193+ have a smoother pa g e than the one in 1933? I 111 u t not forget, ei t r, to keep myself practiced in " hand seats," " I 'l man stretcher," and cradle." 1\1)' artificial re.., i ration m LIst be perfect, J.nd ne ds constan t pr" icc to be at its best. 2. Are my finger nails always short and clcdl1 ? Do I keep my nose, mouth and throat as hCCllthy as possible, 0 that my breath does not cal tain harmful germs? Have I any septic teeth, an ) pyorrhc::ea? I realise that all these things affc t the asepticity, the" germ-free-ness," of my Fi rst Aid treatmen t. Is my breath ever offensive [rom any cause? O f course, bcfore dressing a wound, I always carr} out the instructions in the Text Book about my ha nds. Do I, always? 'i . Habits are important, and my First Aid hab its should be good. Is my pouch always fully stocl'ed, and its contents 'c uncontaminated?" Do T always carry a spare clean handkerchief in add ition to the one for my own use? What about my mental habits? I should carry certain things I I

A WELL-KNO'\V figure in the First Aid world whf) has recently been promoted to an important command in the St. John Ambulance Brigade, has taken as the key-word of his policy--' c Efiicien~y. " This is the beginning of a new year, and It IS a recognised custom at this season to look o~e r our doings of the past twelve months, to examl ~e them critically, and to make up our minds to aVOld repeating the same errors of omission and co~ mission. Let us be introspective, and indulge I,n a little self-examination . The best criticism IS constructive criticism based on real knowledgefrom our own criticism of ourselves we should learn much, and self-improvement will follow seIfexamination. Let us do it step by step, and against each memory of error, note to ourselves the appropriate resolve for the future, with "Efficiency" in mind. 1, I am a member of the St. John Ambulance

A I D.

167

in my mind always ready to spring to my memory at once and aut01naiz'cally when needed--the steps for dealing with a wound accompanied by bleetlingj the steps in the First Aid diagnosis and treatment of insensibility j the First Aid treatment in the common grou ps of poisons. 4. Am I a good z'mproviser, or am I stuck unlcss I'm fully equipped? Do I fully appreciate ali that is needed in a splint--the damage that can be caused by inefficient splinting, even with the best of apparatus, and how often splinting can be done quite adequately and safely with improvised maLerial? 5. ~Iy judgmellt should have got sounder during the past year as a result of the cases I have seen and dealt with. Do I fully understand any mistakes I have made, so that I can learn from them '; Have I moved patients too clumsily, too soon, too far? Have I, on the other hand, left patients expo ed to rain or cold or wind when I might have removed or protected them? It is important that I should understand shock, and how in every case it must be guarded against or treated. Have I ever delayed sending for a doctor longer than I ought? 6. I must be self-reliant about my cases, but never cocksure. One springs from timidity, and the other from vanity. To attain the golden mean, do I not need to look through my First Aid into my self-my character? I cannot be a good First ,\'ider unless my character is sound, wellbalanced, healthy. Have I ever feared responsibility in a tight corner, on the one hand, or taken taken too much on to myself at times, on the other? Have I ever aped the doctor? I belie\re that study of the Textbook is excellent mental discipline. Does it not train me in restraint, in reasoned and well-based self-confidence, and in the control of my emotions of impatience, or conceit, or selfishness, of fear? 7. Have I pulled my weight in my Division? I should be punctual and regular. Have I ever shirked the less comfortable duties, and wangled the easier or more pleasant ones? Have I been a grumbler? It's up to me to back up my officers and committee, to introduce suitable recruits, to help younger First Aiders, to set an example of neatness and tidiness, of cheerfulness, of willingness, of discipline and devotion to duty. 8. Do I realise that in being allowed to be a member of the St. John Ambulance Brigade I am in a position of responsibility, because it is one of honour ?-and that works both ways-it is one of honour because it is one of responsibility. 9. I mean to keep" Efficiency" in mind all this coming year. Do I think of all that that word implies to one doing First Aid? We can all of us ask ourselves these questions, and supply each his own answer to himself,

FIR S,T

and wi th the answer the appropriate New Year re olution. \\ e can each of us add to the list other questions and other resolutions that arise from our own experiences, our failures and shortcorp ings in the past year. And no one more so than the writer. \Ve cannot improve till we see for ourselves where we need the improvement most. No one can tell us our faults better than we know them ourselves. So-towards improvement, towards EFFICIENCY in the New Year.-N. \"'f.J. H.

--_._. ---

The Second Line of Defence.- Part 3· By CAPTAIN

NORMAN M.R.C.S.

HA IMER,

By disease we mean a departure from the normal well-being of the body or of a part of it. Many diseases are caused by germs. \Ve have seen that disease caused by germs is resisted by the body, and how the blood helps to fight infection by means of : 1. Its special germ-eating white corpuscles, called phagocytes, which destroy the germs; and ~. Its plasma (serum), which produces ant-z'bodies to put the germs out of action, and anHtox z"ns to neutralise the poisonous toxins given off by the germs. Anything that increases the fighting power of the blood will help to vanquish the disease. Further, the body generally must be helped to withstand the results of infection. Let us take the blood first. A. _ CC SPOXTANEO U S))

MODIFICATIONS

THE

BLOOD IN DISEASE.

VYe have already seen, in our study of InAammation, that Nature reacts to the invasion of any part of the body by germs, by hurrying to the affected part an increased amount of blood containing its protective substances, i.e., the quantity of blood 't'n the part is altered. But the quality of the blood -in the body gene1/ally is also altered, and the amount of protective substances in the whole circulation is generally increased. 1. The nmnber of jJhagocytes-the germ-eating leucocytes-in the whole et'rculat-ion increases. This is called leucocytosis; if when the surgeon examines a specimen of a patient's blood he finds leucocytosis, he at once suspects the presence of an infection even if none is obvious. (Note.-He allows for a certain slight increase in the number of white corpuscles that occurs normally after a meal). It is found that the white corpuscles are specially increased in number while pus is form-

A 10.

Jan uary. 1934

ino' , and gets less in number as soon as the pus is evacuated . How is it that this increase of phagocy tes takes place when the body is invaded by germ s ? I t is believed that the presence of germ-toxi ns in the circulating blood is the alarm ignal which informs the leucocyte factories of the body that th ey must start to work overtime, in the same way t hat long-range shelling acquaints H.roJ' that something untoward is happenin a an 1 they must get busy. So we find that as soon as toxins appea r in the blood, the bone marrow b gi ns to ma l ufacture an increased su ppl y of \\'h i te corpuscles and to pour them into the circulation. As 10lD' as toxins are gettin a into the blood, this increa<.,ed delivery of leucocytes goes on: when the ru s escapes, the toxins escape with it, less of th m get into the blood, and so less 'extra work is don e by the bone marrow. The bone marrow jud;es the need for white corpuscles by thc amou t of circulating toxi ns. The more toxi n , the m Ire germs, and hence the need for more phagocy 2S ) and vice versa. 2. Alltz'bodz'es and AIltz'foXlns are produced by the fluid part of the blood (plasma or senf ,) . These do not exist at all normally in the blood in health; they are called into being, from the bl ( J d plasma, when the need for them arises - i.e., \\ I en infection occurs. IIow they are produced to J o their protective duty just when they are wanted is not yet fully understood, but the process i a ('11plicated one, upon which there are many theor es . The point is, when they are needed, the pla"!1 a produces them. And it often produces them in excess of requirement, and after the aerms have been ki lled off, and the patien t is cu red of disease, his bleod stzll contaz'ns for a while a supply of antibodies " nel antitoxins which have not been uscd up. S if while this supply still exists, he is attacked a g". in by the same kind of germs, they can obtain no foothold, i.e., for :.l time the patient i i17Z77Z1m e to the attack of that particular germ. 1 Examples of this can readily called to minc scarlet fever, for example, or small pox. Afte r an attack of either of these diseases, the patient is immune from catching it again for a longe r or shorter period respectively. It is, in fact, oLe n thought that an attack of smallpox protectsJor Life against a second attack. It certainly protects for a long time. (Note,-The names plasma and serum a re interchangeable, and both mean the fluid part of the blood. Often "plasma" is used when it is s(i11 in the blood vessels, and "serum" when it is withdrawn.) B.-" INSTIGATED" MODIFICATIONS OF TI lE BLOOD IN DISEASE.

The immunity Trom the attacks of any defi nite disease which is enjoyed, for a shorter or longer

Ja nuary, 1934.

FIRST

ti me , by a patient, after he has had that disease, an d wh ich i cl ue to the persistence in his blood of a n unexpended supply of antibodies and antitoxins, is called Act£ve I17zmun£ty. He has had the disease and has actively produced his own antibodies and antitoxins, which protect him. ~ But immunity can be acquired in another way. If \\ e take plasma (serum) from a man who has Iwa any parti ular disease, and whose plasma th erefore contains a supply of "anti-" substances, an d t hen inject it into a man who has not had that dislase the second man will be given a readyma Ie upply of antibodies and antitoxins and will acq li r Pa sive Immumiy from the disease. (" I 1 S i ve" b ause h has not man ufactured his OWl anti-substances, but ha had them as a gift fro 1 the man who made them). E.g.-Preventive am protccti\'e inje tions of anti-diphtheria and an t tetanus rum, which protect the recipient from ca tc 11 i n g th se diseases. . Tot only can the e gift of ready-made antisuL-, ta nces be used as a protectlon agai n t catch i ng the c.ltsea e but th y can be u ed cZlrativel)', once the Jis ea c ha been caught, to hold the fort until the -.u fferer ha timc to manufacture his weapons to II Ip and r infor e th m. (i) Illtzloxic era. erUI11 containinO" th antitoxins of diphtheria, tetti 11 5 and ' ome other di ase, may be injected int a patient who ha be n attacked by the disease and \\ ill at on e get t work aO"ain t the toxins of the O'c rm, i.e., to fight thc disease. (1 i) Other Curatzz'e erullZS. In other ca e , the serums injected contains mor alltz'bodl'e than antitoxins, and attack the aer lS themselve ' more than they neutralise their tax' 1') . These supplies of ready-made antibodies ha\' proved of val ue in infection by the germ of antl . a x (a di ease often contracted among men who \\'or!' a mong cattle or sheep or who handle wool or lies), the germ of pneumonia, or the group of gen IS called streptococci, which occur in a number of con ditions and diseases. F or manufacture in bulk, sera containing antibod 1 s and anti-toxins are often produced from var il us animals, such as the horse, instead of fro m man. (ii i) Vaccines. \V e have been talking about ways in which woe c;; ~ help a patien t figh t infection by providing hI\TI ",7 1th ready-made anti-bodies and anti-toxins. We ca n also help him by making £t easie1/ for Ins O~n blood to produce its own curative and protective an ti-substances rapidly and adequately. I TO W we have seen that the blood plasma produces a nti-substances when living active, harmful germs invade the body. It has been found that the plas ma is also stimulated to produce anti-bodies and an ti-toxins when dead germs are introduced

A I D.

169

into the body. A vaccine is a preparation of dead, a nd therefore, harm less germs, which is injected into the patient and makes his blood produce an increased supply of anti-substances. Vaccines are especially useful in long-standing infection (' 'the germs are checked but not conquered"), when the initial production of anti-suhstances is getting used up and the bl00d needs stirring up to produce a continued supply. To keep up the supply, doses of vaccines usually need to be injected at intervals of a fcw days. (Note.-Treatment hy vaccines is not the same as " vaccination" against smallpox, q.v.) So we get this:

1. "Spo7ltaneous" modzjicat£ons oj the blood. (a) "Quantity" in the part affected = InOammation. (b) "Quality)) of all the blood in the body = (a) Leucocytosis. (b) Production of an ti-bod ies and an ti-toxi ns. 2. "Illstigated" 1ll0dijicatlOollS of tlze blood. Protective. - (a) Actively acquirE'd immunity, after having had the disease. Antisubstances persisting in the blood which protect from a second infection. (b) Passively acquired immunity. Prot cti\Oe serums. Ready-made supply of antisubstances- germs can get no foothold. ClIralz?"e.-(c) Curative sera containing ready·made anti-toxins and anti-bodies to help the patlen t's own. (d ) timulating vaccines to stir up his blood to continue to make his own anti-substances. . I t l11a~' be though t that it is ou tside the proVInce of the t. John Home Xurse to both r with these matters- but he will often be nursing a case where these measures are used, or may himself be offered protection. All that has been described here i referred to in St. John Textbooks. To quote that master of ou r First Aid art, " N. C. F.," " It is as well that we should understand to some extent the why and wherefore.)) \Ve have dealt with the reaction of the blood to infection, and to measures for increasin ba the _ . germ-fightIng power of the blood. Next we have to consider the condition of Fever-Tlze Febrzle State-a condition brought about by the presence in the blood of germ-to.-ins. At the same time, we must consider its treatment, which embraces and includes general measures for helping the body as a whole to resist the wide-spread ill effects of infection, as well as local measures against the germ colony, where such exists and can be got at. The "DECORATO~5' eX PAINTERS' MAOAZI~E" 8d. monthly) Is THE trade paper for all lnterested.PublJ6bin~ Office: 46, CanDoD Street. E.C ....

~IRST

170

The St.

Brigade

fohn

NORTHERN AREA.-On Wednesday, D~cember 20th last, at District Headquarters, r~pre entat1vcs from ~ll Divisions in Northern Area, preslded over by the Ass1stant Commissioner Capt. A. C White Knox, m~t to present to their late Commissioner, Lieut.-Col.. Francls A. Brooks, M.D., a set of cuff lin~s) and .studs 111 gold. and enamel, the studs bearing the elght p0111ted Cr?ss .ot St. John and the cuff links the design of No. 1 Dlstnct .. In presentino- the links to Col. Brooks, Capt. \iVhltc Knox spoke of thOe very happy association wh~ch. Northern Area had always had with their late CommlsslOner. He hoped that the Colonel, when wearing the. links would ~e reminded of the very kindly thoughts whlch all ranks 111 1. orthern Area had for him. . Colonel Brooks in reply thanked all ranks 111 the Area for their handsome gift. He reminded them ~f some famous names "whose owners had commenced thelf work in the Area and praised the efforts of present members for the work they were doing. . They would be entitled to come up to h1m on any special occasion and ask him to c. shoot his cu~s," and if he "wasn't wearing the links, they would be entltled to the usual penalty. BECKTON.-During last month the Divisional Indiyidual and Team Competitions were .held. . ~IcKetterick adjudicated in the first, whllst Dlstnct Officer C. J. Fitch was in charge of the l~~ter. . . Results were "Lady Ogilvie Grant Shleld (Indlyidual): 1st, Pte. Frid?y; 2nd} Pte. C. Smith; 3rd, Corp}. Cremer. "Bush" Shleld (Team): 1stJ Corpi. Crerr:er s Team; 2nd, Pte. Friddy's Team; 3rd, Pte. McGUlre's Team.

J?r.

DAGENHAM.-The Annual Report of the Dagenham Ambulance Division for the year 1933 presented at the General Meeting on Tuesday, January 21!d. provides a splendid testimonial to the unselfish achvltIes of the members of the Division. The increase in membership during the year is six, the effective strength of the Division now being 29. No new member is now accepted until he has attended the Divisional parades for at least eight weeks. The public duties carried. out by the me!11bers havc this year created an outstand111g record, hav111g reached a total number of 1,218; the average duration of a duty being about 5 hours. The number of ca~es treated by members whilst on duty was 308. Eighty-six of these cases were treated at Central Park and seventy-two cases were treated at Road-side Fir~t Aid Station at Beam River Bridge. The remaining cases were well distributed over the varied duties covered by the Division. The Road-side First Aid Station was one of the new duties undertaken during the year tmder review. The work was first of all commenced with a tent as the Station and for three months was carried on in this way. Then ~ame the opportunity of purchasing a 20 ft. by 10 ft. hut, divided into two rooms, and fitted with various cupboards, etc. A site :vas secured at ,peppercorn rental with the kind co-operatlOn of the Ford Motor Co., L td.,

Jan ua ry , 1934 ,

A mbulance

Dzst~zct

No I. (Prince of Wales ' s) District.

]annary, 1934.

A 1 0.

PL' Uple hy thci I' presence \Hlcolllec! the first social effort

1) 1' the Division.

The eyening \\ as yotcel (l great success by all, and his \\as undouhtedly assured by the pre ' cllce o[ "the rl km: t Ju\'cs" a troupe of 16 young artistes.

Reports.

the Central Eleclricity DoanJ, and the Counly. of Lund >II Electric Light Co. Electric lIght was not avaIlable at .he: site so after the hut \\a ' erected by the members, the nec~ssary piping was put in for gas lighting also by t11C members. The Gas Light and Coke Co. were. approach u) and Ycry kindly made the neces ary. C?I:l1CctlO!1S a,nd . 1stalled a meter, free of co t to the Dn' lslon. 1 he latlo;l in its new form was officially opened on July 29th.' 193,), by the Chairman of the Dagcnham D.D.C., 111. the presence of the Commissioner and. other ~fficers 01 thc District. ince then the Road- Ide sen ICC has III U1 carried on each week-end fr0111 2 p.m. on 'aturclays c. \'1tinuing until 10 p.m. on SUlH.ia) s. O~porlunity was ta~ 11 of the Christmas and Tew Y car holtclays to f mther ll,,prove the hut by lining it '\ ilh three-ply, and by jll ~tal ling a gas radiator instead of the old coal sto, e form erly used. SOUTH,\LL.-Thc 'uuthall Ambulance and 1 ur 'ill(Y Diyisions held a 'ucial and precntation of a\\'ards in ~'t. John's Hall. About l~U members and friends w c.re. present. Previous to the interval Mrs. E. J. Emerson presented the awards gained by the successful member ' rot the recent examination. These included Labels, lLd 1lions, pendants, etc. As an appreciation of services 1 ~1l dered a box of chocolates "as prL ented to each men: JLr of Miss Vera Horwood's dancing troop. Following the interval. during which members of the 1 Tursing Division served rdreshm~nt, Dr.. an.d Mr:, O'Brien enterlained the audience WIth a COllJ urlllg ,play. The programme thLn continued with dancing untt! the close of the Social. Supt. Taylor proposed a vote of thanks to ~.l.r.. Emerson, Dr. and 1\1rs. O'Brien and all \\ ho had. gi ven their assistance with items on the programme; thIS was seconded by Lady Supt. Miss Lewis. CarpI. Tilley un aertook the duties of M.C A large gathering of supporters were present .~,t a dance arranged by the Joint Entertainment COmll11 ttcc, which was held in the Fairlawn Hall, Southall. ::\lr. L. A. Harrison, President of the Ambulance Division, wa' unable to undertake the dutics of 1\1.c. owing to his re r I1t illness, and this duty was undertaken by Councillor. A. Creesey, a vice-President of the Division. The 1111 HI" Dance Orchestra played for dancing and introduced n 1l1)' old time dances which were appreciated by the comp, ny. Spot prizes were presented during the evening, and a cut alass bowl of fruit presented by Mr. Creesey was hal.dcd to Mrs. Pierce, holder of a lucky ticket. The dance concluded with singing "God Save the King," at 1 a.m. No. 108 (L.M.S.) D1VISlON,-This Division held t!le il: first Social event since formation at the L.M,S , Cle rks Dining Rooms, adj oining Camden Goods Station, on December 15th, 1933, when a Grand Concert and D ance took place. The gathering was favoured with the p r esence of th~ Central Area Commissioner, Dr. Kenneth F. L und) an District O ffi cer T. M cBride. In addition, over 120 other

FIR S T

\\ ' \f.TII \\TSTO\\'.- Thc Annual Din11er of the \Valtha 11lst!)\\ and I )i.., l nct Corps was held 011 Saturda), J) lcellllll'r C)th. e'orps . ' ur~e()n Co!. I T. Thornton ChalIis pre iclcd "li d alllfJn~' the g'l1l'sh were Lady District Supl. Mi 's ,'iekol1t, Lady Dl'.;trict Officcr :\Iiss Curtis, ,ub. Diy. Ins pector A . ./. . 'cwlin and :\Irs. ?"\ewlin. Officer of the ('(~ rp s \'.crt. prcsent in good numh r. , Corp!. C. A. Borkett ],l' lll ~ c1llllllr . ccretan alld :\1. '. 'I.' h l' t(last o[ the '., \\ 'altham lo\\' or]>s was gin' n .) ,\11 '> : PlCkollt. who C()lll!,Talulatul the Di\' islO11S on their 11Ill' \\ ()rk. Corps ORin r ~taJl1p responded ancJ l1"" ~l'stl- d that dillnL'fo.; Ilj thiS klJ1c1 hould hc made a Dut~ they hllpul () Illuch l()\\arcl iriCllclh' feelino' amol;'; \ )/iicl"!" ' and Ill cllIhn . . ~ :--. Foll(.J\\"i.nl!· the. dlllncr. d~lI11:in g . intcrspn cd with ong . llel c()nJurln~o tfIck . . L"()ntlllll cd lip to thc clo e of an ll'j( I,\ahl c e\lJlill .~.

o. III. ()istr-ict.

I R'\II ,( IT.\\f.-Tlw eig hth annual Childrcn's Party. \ -' 11 b} th L X. ·.n.' (Iuh of Ihl' Coullt) of Birmill!..!"ham ( () rp . , \\.IS held on .",tt urd 'l\. 'anllan 6th at Head. ( l~ rLl'I"" On (' hlilldrul ,IIlc! ~IX1; gucsts "at' do\\ n to a IIJlty tl'a ca tl' rl:d Jllr hy the Ill'adquartLr' kltchl'n taft. AIllIJIl:': thl' ,·i it!)r" \\ l re 'apt. 1fcnton \\' hiIC I '0 11111.\ l'()lllIllIS:'-'Jllnnl alld :\Ir..,. \\ ·hitl'. Col. D. J. T. on l (\..,1. l ' ()l1lIlli. si()Illr and :\Irs. Ford. Lad\' Count. (lt1icl I' \1 ISS E. :\1. :\1. Big,:.!" and sl'\"l'ral (In·i . ional (licl'rs. TIll' 'O11l!l11!(llll rand \ i..,tant 'ol11nllssioner II til l'. ' pres 'ed th e ir pkastlre at b(Jn~" prCSllll once a oain \ ' It th l ~.l'.n. 's ch ildr e ll . ;:. . \ It r k il . .L:<tIII l'o.;. l'l c., \\"I.'rl' indult.:"l'd in \\ hich \yas { I 1\\ ul Ily illl l'xCl' llt' Ilt C(lllCerl arranl!,"ecl h\ ,erg"t. Low ( fil II. ~l' l'r l' tary ) . ' . c C'lh'l'rS rent the a ll' ., hlll Fa ther Chrislllla . , ueldenly l,tv rl"d thl' ro()1l1 and prl'o.;Lllled l'ach child with a C)°ift " I I d h,lt.: () f Jruil. t-. . \ lllost enjo.\ allll' tlml \\ as hrol!l!,h t to a clo e by the :l IIll!, of thc :\atiollal I\nlhelll.

IlL III FY.- The annual \\'inkr ~ ocial of the Dudley a ld ])istrIct Corp was held at the mhulance Hall. Ll . ...\ \aried prO~ralll1l1e had beeIl arrangcd anclmclll11\ r'i alld \"i 'itors 11a<l all ell jcwable el'enin". A \ Vhi t /)rl\ ~ \\"a') first held fn1lo\\'ecf h~\' a uppcr ,~n"ed b\' the r.. l X ttr')i Ilg Dil'isioll. . Thcll came the pre cntation 0 f competition award b\· ~. rps "upi. .\. \\' inbO\\', \\"ho \\"a accompanied hy Corp' • l "reta ry P. n. ~('h()ficld and Corps Trea urer T. A. I I ITis. :pn' l ional officer prc ent included: l1[)l. B. /) lI1I Il. 9AlCers II. BarIO\\ ., IT. G. Mill .. and II. Cooper d . , upts. Baker (Stnurbridge). \\T. Olli (Dudley). J. J ;;;' lor ( Netherton). E. Lakin (Tipton). 1'. Preece (I 11.1\ l'r). Lady upl. i\Iiss Ollis (Dud leY)J Mis Thoma . (Ilr.ll' rlcy rIJl1), Miss \i\' akeficlcl (Kil1ver). Corps Sergt.~I, IJ ()r Tr. vVehb ( elhe r ton). Corps Supl. \ i\Tillbow congratulated the Lye Diyisioll Oil the excellcnt arrang"Clllcnts. ITe then eli trihutec1 the 1l1lrlals ,~'ail1ed by the Slourbriclge team, ",inncr of the ('m ilS shield, mcntioning that they al 0 WOll the count\' sh l! It! and \\Ocnt forward to the eli trict competition i~1 ~; hle h lh Z did very \\'ell. heing ccond to l\[itchells Jand ~1l 1 Ins. I he team was: Corpora l Thatcher, Hon. ~ l'r~"t. A. E. Roden. Lance-Carp I. J. II ig:g:. , Ptes. O. P. 'Cl\\ tell and TJ . Lamh. IT (' also handed th'e " Christopher

J!-)

A I D.

171

\\ "hortoll" Cup, a Corps trophy. to the leader of the J)udley team, Private J. Oakley, and ilver miniatures of the: ~up. to the leader and to Ptes. J. Bent, J. Millward, A. Cralnger, ane! E. Parkes, the other member oj the tcam, remarking that it \Vas an interesting competition, and he \"'as pleased to ee the \-vay in which the team worked. Supt. B. Dunn prcsided at a concert which followed, TJ e thanked the Corps llperintendent for his COllO"ratulation to Lye Di"i ion. and aiel their desire wa 't hat all ~houlcl ha\'e a yery happy el'eninooo The c\'cnin('O closcd \\ itl, a clance, for which ;"1r. Skcld~lg was the pia~ist. and :\[ 1". C. Perry was 1\1.C °

No . IV. (Lancashire ) District BL.\cKPooLo-Follo\\,ing the presentation of "'"00 Xo Xane t tc" by ~he outh hore Amateur Operatic Society Sl' \ eral donatIon to local charities were made which included £ 10 to the St. John Ambulance Brigade. E o\RBl'.-:\lcmbers of the Earby Diyi ion held a lICce " ful . ocial .in th~ Ambulance Hall. The programme ~ncly~1ccl a \Vhl t Dnye, Dancing, community inging and IncJl\' lc1ual turn. Supper \\as en'ed by Lady Supt. ;"1iss Bo\\ ker and members of the :\ ursing Diyi ion. of hard work thc .. KIRK1I.\~r.-After many year (frorts of the Kirkham Di,'i ion were crowned with llCcess \\ hcn their ne\\" Ambulance Hall \\'a opened by Coloncl C. 1. Trimble, CB., c.1\I.G. Colonel Trimbl c paid tribute to the \york of the Kirkham Officers and mcn) and particularly mentioncd t hat the} \\"ere ~he fir t to oraani e road patrol during thc husy ca .on ." .' ll1ce when their example had been copicd not only III thl country but e,'en in yarious parts of the Continent. Tholl.!..!h there i no l'\ursinO" Diyision the Laclie " C011lmlttce ha given "aluable assi tance and ha rai cd the creditable 11111 of £ 142. A i tant C0111111is ioner Ralphs presided and \\'a supported by the ReI'. C. trange. the Hon. President of the Kirkham Diyi iOll" ;"1rs. P. L. BirleYJ Lady Hacking . :'III'. Duckworth, :\Ir. Horrock. and Officer of the Kirkham Diyi iOIl and other Diyis{on of the Fyldc units . Supt. Charle \\'. He lop of Kirkham Di"i ion wa elected Pre iclent of the Cumberland and \Ye tmorlanc1 Association at Blackpool. :\1r. Hcslop is a :Kendal man \\'ho ha re ided in Lancash i rc ior many years. . . \\ "I(~.\x.-Corp Officer \ \'. Tickle Bolton, of the \ \ Igan. C(~rps, ha been ill formed that he ha been rai ed to the DI~'nlty of a Sen' ing Brother of the Order of ,t. Jnhn 01 J eru alem .

~JOREC'\':\fBE.-An enjoyable and happy Q'atherill()' \\'a . held on the occasion of thc Annual Rc-union 0'[ the :\IorecClmhe ane! IIey ham ,.J..B. There were 200 people present and an excellent dance programmc was Sl~ppl_Iecl by the .. yncopator .. under 111'. C1arcncc Plcl~jorcl. 1\Iessrs. C \ \ ' . Ramc and Edgar Norman ~)fficlated a :\r.c. and many novelty and pot dance , were lntrodllced. \ \ ' hi·t Dri\"e \\'a run by CarpI. Buller aJld Drllpc r a nd the :\[ayore pre ented the prize.

No. V. District. . FEx~ON.-Di t r i.ct Officer T. Dudley pre ided at the PI esentatlOll of ce r tificate to the Fellton Cadet Diyi ' ioll . i\k. IH llllder (c toke tlL ing Division) . presented the

FIR S T award '. \hnut lifty persons were pn'sl'l1t al1d cnjn) cd a musical cycning. Acting Cadet ~upt. J. Lha(l\Ylck spo,ke of the great need there was for the young to learn hrst aid and the co-operatiun bet\YC'cl1 Diyisions. A short diphy hy thl' Cadets tn show how the work \yas progressi 19 \\ ~1" inclucted in the programme and proyed ycr) in t l rest ng. HETTO "-LE-IIoLE.-The ixth annual Din1ler of the Hetton-lc-IIole Diyision was held at the ~orth of England Cafc. ___ ullderland. The chair wa . taken \'Cry ably hy Di\. Stlpt. R. Stokoe, \yho propo ed the Loyal Vl(lSt. , . Supt. \Y. S toko e: of Hought ll ll-lc - ~pnng gave the loast of the Association and Brigade. This was responded to by County Commissioner S. Embleton of X u\' ca tIe) who gayc an in piring .accotl1~t of the \york d one and ad\' i cd all to perseycre 111 the1r efforts for t h e (Tood cause in \\"hich they were connected. Pte. J. Latimer proposed the toast of the yisitors to which lIIr. \Y. Holmes responded. Mu ical items \\"ere render ed by members of th e' Diyision and friends. On the proposIt ion of C urp!. Gilliland, econd ed h\' Ambulance Offic e r J. \V. Collin g , a vote of t hank _ wa ~ extended to the chairman. Corpl. \VhitficId was ill charRe of the arrangements.

No. VIII. (Duke of Connaught's) District. E .\STBOUR:,\"E.-The 11e\\' £500 mo tor amhulance of the Eastbourne DiviS:on "'as dedicated \,"ith impressiye cere1ll011Y on Sunday, Decemher 17t h. -A proce ~ ion consisting of mL111be rs of the Eastbourne and other Divisions) and . llur: cs and cadets \\"as formed at th e Ordnance Yard and proceeded to St. Anl1e'<; Church, where th e service was co nducted by the ~cv. \V. P. Jay (\Ticar), a s. is te d by the Rev. R. R. Fenl1111R. R.D., Rev. J. II. Venables) and t h e R ev. \V. ).1acfayden Scott) reprcscnting the Free Church Council. The procession was h ead ed 11)' the Hasting s St. J Oh11 Band, under Band S e rgeant A hd f) wn, and th e' Sah-atioll Army Band. Among those pre sen t w e n.:: : the Deputy Mayor (Alderman )'Iiss Huc1son. J.P.). Lady Bra sey. COt111Clllor Colonel Church, Dr. Daphne Dear) Rev. "V. 1\'1. Evans, Dr. Churcher) r.lrs . .I. Torm a n IIolland: Lt.-Colonel VV. J. Keen) J.P., }'1r, and }Irs. L. 1IacLachlan) Dr. Astley Roberts, ::\Iiss Slater) 1\1r. \V. H. Smith (Chief Constable), and Dr. and 1\1rs. T. Turner. The Deputy-}.1ayor, after the service in the Church. presented the Aml1t1lance to th e Com111issio11er of the Duke of COl1naught's District fm- use in Eastbourne, and spoke of the :,plcndid work dOll e by the Division. Commissioner A. E. Richards accepted it) and it was dedicated by the Rcy. \V. P. Jay. The local of-ficers present were Diy. Surgeons Dr. II. R. McAlecnan and Dr. S. \Villiams; Div. Supt. A. J. Burnage, and Di \·. Secretary Amh. Officer F. C. Bonifacc. Visiting officers . in addition to those mentioned) were Mr. H. \V rigglesworth, District Secretary) Supts. French (Hastings), Thornton (Hailsham), J ohnsol1 (Lewes), Amb. Officers Deus and \\1ren (Hastings) and Funnell (Hailsham). Sussex 15 V.A.D. (uncler Dr. Gripper and Quartermaster Hoare) were represen t ed, as "vell as the Scouts and Guides. The mcmhers of the Eastbollrne Division and visitors were ent e rtained to tea in thf' St. Anne)s Church Room hy the St. A nne's Slate CIt1h. ;\T r. Ma~Lachlan presidcd,

A I D.

January, 19.34.

<l1ld 011 lll'h:ll ( of the l()\\-n extended a welcomc to

January, 19.34. th, '

\ isitors. The C'u111ll1issiul1cr ill repl)') said he was glad to lcam that the 11e\\ 111otor ambulance had been provided by subscription. irom all cIa ses of the commun~ty, he.adcC! 1)\ £200 from 11is Symington, but he was dlsapP01l1te cl t(; find that stich an actiYe divi ion had no headquarter.. lIe thought the neceSSIty had 0111y to be brought home to the people of EastbollrllC for 1h' necc sar) fund tn bt provided. Supt. Burnage l'Xl1rCS ed than.k~ to 1\1is Jay and th e t. Anl1e's Slate - lull for cnlerta1l1111g the company, alH I Lady Brasscy as the lady oAlcer for ussex acknowledged the "welcome· to the visitors. It \\as decided to scml a mesag-e of sympalhy t'1 jfr. John Slater. }'LP. (Pre ident of the Di\'ision)) in hi illncss.

Nu. IX. Oistrict. II \\ LE.-A large number gathered at ,t. Elwyn' IIall 011 \Vednesday, Decemhc r 20th) when a concert \\'a n-iycn in aid of the IIayle Di\'i ion. b }'Ir. Lewis Rosewarne, ec.) occupied the chair and in a. short address said that. incc February, }Q33, when the Dl\'ision was formed thl' lIlemher had worked hard ,\s a result of collections; an amhulance would shortl y he mak1l1g its appearance ill lla} It. Tht: Divi:-;inn \verl! in need of headquarters and he felt slire the members would find many helpers. He was glad to sa) that :\Tr. P~arce. of IIaylc, hu(' put his ga.rage at their disposal until suitable accommodation was found. Snpt. Turner thanked }'l r. Ro l'warne for ~Ol11ill r that nin-ht and said how grateful thl'\' were to hll11 f or all he l~ad' done for them. Amb. Officer H. Morgan, eC()n<iL'd. and aid he wOlil. like to thank :\Ir. H a rrl fllr I h ' lwlp he had (Tiv 11 t hem that night. ILLoGAN.-An inten "ti\1~' t' n:I1t ill cunnu.:tion Wit h Tllogan Division look place n.ccnlly when a pres~ntati ?1I was made to Amb.-Officer R. J ory, of Pool; who IS retl l" ing after twenty-six years' sen"ice in ambulance work. The. gift, which consists of an oak writing uureau , has been subscribed to by officl'J" , 1 T.CO.S, 111el1) and the iluditors of the Division; it i. inscribed: "Pre. euted to Amb.-Officer R. Jory, of IIIogan Amhulance Division, on his retirement after twenty-six years' service." In making the presenta1ion, ,upt. ]. H. 1\1. Craze spoke in glowing terms of Amh.-Officer Jory's ~~r~: l~ c pointed out that Mr. J ory joined the Redrulh DIVI 1011 III 1907, and was promoted to corporal and, later, sergeant , for life saving. During the last war) Mr. J cry conducted classes in the Devoran district and) after joining th e Illogan Division in 1923) he was promoted to the rank ot Ambulance Officer. He had always becn very keen, especial1y on the transport side of the work, and on the proper training of recruits. In conclusion) Supt. Craze wished Mr. J ory every happiness in his retiremcnt) and expressed the hope th~t his rich experience in the work would yet be of val.ue III other spheres of his life. Amb.-Officer Jory sU1ta~l~ responded, and expressed keen appreciation of the gIft and of the spirit which had prompted it.

No. X. District. BEccLEs,-Congratulations on the work and efficiency of the Division was forthcoming when the new Mayor of Beccles (Mr. Walter G. Roberts) attended at the head qllarters of the Bccclcs Division to present the award~ 1.(ain('(l in t11(' recC'nt C'xam in at ions. The Mayor l who fot

FIR S T

some time has been president of the Division, was greeted hy a fan fare by. the Bugle Band, whilc the men, nurscs, a nd hoy and gnl cadets paradcd under Supt. W. C. ,Va.tls. Supporting the Mayor were Alderman II. CopeI lan, Dr. H. Warner, Dr. H. G. \Vood-IIill, and Mr. C. Hellnctl (TIoll. Secrctary). Supl. \Valls cOl1grat t11atccl the 1fayor on his appointlll llll. aile! extended t hc best wi<;nes 0 f the Division for a lJ app.\ ) car of officc) following which he prescnted Mr. I' ()lllrts \\ith his badge of office as prcsidcnt. Til the coursc of distrihuting the awards the Mayor I :tlldl'cl the ~ urses' Cup to frs. Bennett and the Men's CliP to Ca.del Ofnccr R. Clarke amid hearty applause. H e \\ dS <;urprI~ecl :It thl' large Ilumher he had hac! to givc out. . nd. hl saICI. Il sh()wed what a keen body the members \\ (' rl. From the ) OllIH~"C t Cadets upwards it was mar(' llfJUS h()w thc} _tuck 10 their work. Pr()posin~' thanh: Dr. \Vood-Hill de cribed the Mayor .. the~odralhl'r of the Diyision." The member must fll llC'l11hcr that .thy. {lmpose lying hchillcl their getting i1'1111. ~lllel1~ and )()111111(! cia ses was puhlic ervice. With th at In "lew, he hopc(l thc\ would take their studies ' riotlsly. " i\ldcrman C()peland seconded Dr. \\'a mer conrrratul.·t cd thc Di"i ion nil the incrl'asld sm,lrtne_ sand '='effici c I Cy, with pecial rdl'rl'llct' t() the hand, and t() the ambuIe ncc officer.. ",h" :t il'\\, day' a!!;() handled a \'ery difficult c c for him.

.-TIll fir t cOll1petition for the Cup preI1ted h) Di\ . ·upt. R C. JIallll;tn1 to thc Gm-Ieston and ltIthto\\ n DI\' i:-;illll \\ a rccenth' held at the 11ariners' GORLESTO

A TO.

17.3

At the fUllcral were represented many public bodies. Illcml)ers of the Ware Division under Amh. Officer T. C. Forbes, escorting the cortege to the Church ancl the cemete ry.

- -- - ._. _ - -

The "Rasco" Lightning Ba ndage Fastener. TIllS is a most in~eniou s d evice which has been introduced ~o th.e medj~al profession and hospitals, and is, as its name ImplI es, a tllne and efTort sav ing means for fa teninR bandage.s. sec urely an.d ~eatly. It is described by the makers as p~sltlvely non-slIppll1~, is simple to use, and can be fixea wltl: one band. Some of the features of this fastening de\-Ice a re as follows : It yields to expan ion of the bandaged part and amount of gwe to the bandage. It makes s lippin g or loosening of dre sings impossible. .It e liminates constriction and \"ill not damage any fabnc \\'orn over the bandage. It is perfectly afe in use and can be sterili ed by boiling. co~; ra.cts"on relaxation, allowing just the right

Its application is very s imple indeed and can be effected seco nd. Th e de\"ice con ist of a strip of white elastic band, about 1 in. J:mg, with a small nickel-plated rectangle fa tener at each end, ha ving 2 small flattened hooks, 111 a

r I titute ROOIlL', (;()rlestol1.

. Thru_ teal11". each ill char~c of a Corporal, comp teti and 0\\ in~ t() t h . l'. ·l'l·lknt \\ nrk a clJfficult task was t the jucl~('.... j)i\. ~urgeoll ... K. Anderson .. D.S.O .. o .l'" set alld illd;..;\.!\ the t('am tlt \\hich was as follows: .. -ott arc Oil :1 c;lllmry 1"11,1\1 (Jill' winter e\"ening, you are ill ordinary CIIII\1l's and han' no equipment with you \\"hen )1 1\ COllle <lcn):;:-; a mall \yill;"; facl' dowllward out ide Cl p Ihlic hOll e. C()IlQTakd hlno(\ is on the man's ear anel 11 ):-;c and hi:-; ri~ht leg is :;naked ",ith 1110od. As you ;.ppmach him it starts to SilO\\'. Acl." Di\'. ~UJll. I Tanll:tllt SL[ alld judged the individual ( l nts. At the clllllpkli'l!l of the competition the team in lh arRl' of Corpl. l\rllnlling \\"l'rl' adjud~ed the winner (th i team was ;11.-1) placed :-;lcnnd in the comp('tition for the " Cook ,. Cup helel al ~or\\'ich). After the i t1cl~l's had rcmarked ()n the work done the Cup \\ as presl:'nlL'~l h) Di,. ~ upt. IIannant. Spoons) pre"C nted by Dr. • \n dersol1. are tn be gi\'en to the winning It .lm at a later date. Div . . 11Pl. IIanllant ha now achieved his de ire of p, omotinR keenlles. among the members of the Gorlestol1 <I I cl outhdn\\ n Di\·ision which. ttnder his charg·c. is goingal cad. \VARE.- \V e r egret to report the death of 1\1r. Charles J 0 eph Dc\\bury, the founder and Superintendent (l r the \Nare Division S.J.A.B. The eIec ased, who was cighty years of age, had led <tl activc li (c anti had done much u seful work in the pt1blic en'icc of \Vare, being chairman of thc local Urban D strict Council. In 1902 he formcd the Ware Division and became the first Superintendent) a position held till his death. Truly a remarkahle and unique di tinction. He al 0 as isted in th e formation of a Divi ion at Hertford and held the l rvice Medal with two bars. He held the Insignia of Serving: Brother of tJle Order of St. John for nearly 17 YC'1rs.

which cngage in the fabric of lhe dressincr. It is only required to in ert the little hooks at one end the fastene-r in lI~e loose en d of the bandage, and by tretcbing the e12stlc th.e hooks at the other en d are a llowed to engage in the dreSSing. \Ve understand th.e fa tener is already u ed extensively a.t. a good many hospitals, an.d has won fa\'our with practItIOner, nur es and patient alIke. Th e re i. no d o ubt that its neat and unobtru i\'e appearance, to which must be added the \'e ry simple means of attachment will make thi de\·ice in\"aluable not only to the l11edic~l and nursing professions but to c\'erybod\' called upon to render first a id. " It i a British-made article throughout, and is obtainable from all whol e ale undrie men and medical requisite house at 4, - per gross box. It is a lso obtainable fr?111 che 111~st~ and druggi sts (includ!ng Boots, Taylors and Timothy. \\ hltes) at 4d. per card of SIX fastener hygienicallr packed III transparent wrappers. The manufacturer of the fa teners are l\Ie rs. R. .\. Smith & Co., ]0, City-road London, E. c.1. . ,

It has been suggested that a column headed «'Coming Events" be in erted each month in thi ] ourna!. \VilJ secretaries in charge of District, County, &c., compe\ition , parades and olher such functions, please forward partr~ulaL to the Editor. \

We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secret4ries and oth .! rs with specimen copfes of this Journal for distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers, FI~ST AID. 4 0 CaQPQn St.. London E'~'4

FIR S T

174

Jan uary, t 934.

AID .

for competition, and in C01111110n wilh the above mentioned Units, Division:l! headljuarters entirely fre of cost. His s ervices to ambulance work were recognised in 1930 by his admission to the Order in the grade of Officer; and th~ Chapter of the Priory, of which he: was a member, was represented at the funeral by Sir David R. Llewellyn, Bart., ,t colleag-ue on that body, who also represented the .\malgamaled Anthracile Company.

Przory for Wales. Am OCTFIT. A new First Aid Oulill has been recently dc\'i e.d and patented by a member of the l. John Ambulance Bnga?e, with twenty years' experience ~f ambu~ance work, \\'.hl.c1~ promises to revolutionise all pre\'1ou notions of the rapldlt) and handines with Vdlich Ilrst aid can be rendered under the most ordinary as well a exceptional conditions The advantages claimed for this unique eq~ipment .are it Iiaht wei?"ht, ea y portability, and an ingenUity of deSign which affords easy improyisation to suit almo?t any ~nd e\'ery type of treatment and facilitates the rendering of tirst aid by ~ne person. Splints of any .len~th and shape .can be built up rapidly, while the case. Itself can act as .plnal or pelvis splint, ready padded and stIffened for the cnrnage?f.a patient. The dressings are ,,:ell protected, and as the kit IS attached to a belt all materIals are ready at hand. The special adaptability of this outfit ren~e:s it suitable for adoption · in all sphere of industry;. and It IS str~ngly rec?Jl1mended by mem bel' of the med Ical profe lon, col hery representatives, and all who haye witnessed demonstrations. It is not feasible to describe in writing or by means of photographs the many uses to which this article may be applied, the Priory for \Vales t~lerefo:e ha arrange~ for.a number of person, representative of IIlterest wl:ere hrst aid provision is il1\'ol\'ed, to witness ~ demonstration by the patentee prior to wholesale productIOn. UNIQUE FmsT

r\EW PEMBROKESHIRE ApPOINTMENT.

The Sub-Prior (the Earl of Plymouth, P.c.) has been pleased to appro\'e, on behalf of the Prior, . H. R.~. the Prince of vVales, the appointment of 1\1r. Daniel Daniel, .of Ffynone, Boneath, as Commissioner of the Pembrokeshlre Centre of the Priory for Wales. tIr. Daniel succeeds his brother-in-law, the late Col. \V. Bickerton Edwards, C. B. E.; and it is particularly appropriate, in view of his intimate connection and keen interest in the Ambulance Movement, that he should continue the importart work so well begun by Col. Bickerton Edwards. Definite progress is now being made in the development of the acti\'ities of the Priory in Pembl'Okeshire, under the direction of an active Centre Committee, OJ which Sir Henry E. E. Philipps, Bart., is President, Irs. Foley Philipps, Lady President; Major Sir David HughesMorgan, Bart., Chairman, and the Rt. Hon Lord Merthyr, Secretary; and there is every prospect. of the modern activities of the Order in the County becoming worthy of the important part played by the Commandery of Slebech in the early history of the Orde~ in Wales: In his former capacity as Chairman of the Glamorgan County Council and as a Dire.ctor of, the Amalgama~ed Anthracite Company, Mr. Damel exerted a po\:'erful !nfluence on behalf of the Ambulance Movement, wlth which he practically identified himself as far back as 1898 by qualifying for a First Aid Certificate of th~ St. John.Ambulance Association. His services to the Priory, partIcularly in connection with its 10tor AmbulanC'e Transport Service, were recognised by his admission to the Order in th: ~rade of Officer in 1931. Acceptance of the office of CommIssIoner now gives him an ex-officio seat on the ~mbulance Committee; and the Priory already benefits by hIS membership of Chapter and Council. MOTOR AMBl'LA 'CE FOR ABERGAYENNY.

At a social gathering organised by the Abergavenny Division on December 14th l it was announced that a motor

amhulance would shortly be pro\'ided for .\ber8'a\·enny ; an t! an appeal for funds for lhemail:tenanceoft!lIsnewhr:l1.c h of sen'ice was mad by the ha!fl1Hln, C.aplall1 . T. Beald , O. B. E., Commissioner for l\1onmoulhsillrc. The Hon. J oh n II. Bruce, Princi pal . ecretar) al1l1 Commissioner for \.Vale , congratulated th~ Br!gade on t!lre\' notable e"ents- the appointment of Captn.ln be~ll'd a (Olll mis ioner, of Cn.plain Twi ton Davie as Assl tant 0111 mis ioner, and the aCllui ition of a motor ambul~nce. Ill' rrave a \'i\'id outline of the histor) of the Order and IIlLls.tra.tel ~le account with instances of the gallant and self-sacnfiCin 'T work of St. John member. Captain Beard said the Brigad~ \\'a started in .\be g-ayenny in 1905, and after strugglll1g tor !l1~~Y years. t , j,eep it-ali\'e they had reach d a satisf~ctor) pOSition, ha\,ln1.(' enrolled a r\ur ing Division and a C nil of Boy aLlets. The l\layor of .:\bergavenny ( ouncillor :\hx L. Be\e lidge) addre ed the adct. and wi hed the ;\1~\' el11cf1~ CH". su'ccess. Thank to lh Commi ioner for \\ ales, ar ta l1 Twi ton Da\'ics, the ~layor, and all \\ ho hild helped, \n. ' voiced by Corps ecretary H. J. L wis and seconded h) D I\·. Supt. E. Harvey.

IN RE ,\S[:-:t~ "\:lIBCI.'\~(,E ER\ ICES. The returns of the Tran port Department fl)r the year cnded Decem her Jist, llJ33, indicate that the demand L1]1l'll the ;\[otor Ambulance en·ice which is an important bran ch of the Priory'S work, continue to ine~ease; ~I~c nU!1l~)e: ~ f ca es carrieo and mileage trm'dled helng 1,0,).) and 1.1, .1/' .! respectiyel" in exce of the figures fo~ 1932, \\ hill' t.il' following tahle sho\\' the steady expansIOn of the L' n I t' since its estahli hment in 1 CJ1R : ;\lilca" .. Case'> Year 1.' 3,. ' 11. c), lOS 1933 1932 1931 1930 1929 192R 1927 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919

1()(),..j-t(

X,070 7, -I- lh

141,,'14 1OX,2 P CJ6,411, Q.i,41 ' _ 7{),7 3t b3,h3 StJ,54: 50,S.'1 -1-0,04 -

5,-+<J7 5,OtH -1-,533 3,902 3,2C)7 3,11-9 2,, '24 2,29-11, <)56 1,3R6 2,666 1,000 Loss TO AMBULAN CE

FIRS T

January , 1934 .

3h,X9'

25,<)<H -1-5, 19(': 20,OO( 10\' EMENT.

The death of 1r. R. Vaughan Price which occLlne? i t Glynllech, Ffynone, Swansea, on January 7th, deprt\'c'i ambulance workers in the Swansea area of a staunch ben t.. factor. Mr. Price was a well known figure in South vyaks Colliery circles; and as General Manag-er of the Gralgo la Merthyr Company he had promoted the development of fir~t aid work at a number of collieries . As a resu.Il. ?f h l~ generous support, the Clydac:l Merthyr Colliery DIVISion (If the Bri.\{ade, with a strength of over two hundred,. c~~ boa;c;t of the lar~Yest membership among Ambulance DIvISions. 111 Wales ; a~d the Graig Merthyr Colliery Divi~ion, o~ \~l:!lh he was Honorary President, and Crynant Colltery DIVISIon, have by his personal interest and assistance, become flourishing Units. The Pontardulais ?ivision a.Iso I~as been mainly supported by ir. Price since ItS for.matlOn In 19~3, baving been provided with uniform and eqUIpment, trophIes

Methods of Resuscitation. * ~I. ., LB .. Ch.B., urgeon, N.F.B.A.

By GILBERT BURNET, hicf

(COllf/nlll'd (1'0111 page J /f ).

Electrocuholl. A years ad vance the danger ') [ electrocution increases, e pecially [or firemen, 'ven with the 1110t>L areful pr cautions. Perhars the com monest [fect of electric s hock i-un on i usncss through direct tempor.::try or thcse the ')aralY ' i o[ thc brain entre. rC!:>[1iratory entre appears to be the 1110 t comnon k aff eelcu. E \'Cll a III i Id shock, a some of ou I;avc xpericnccd, takes your breath away. e ually thc unconscious person, rescued [rom a li\'t~ ir uit, is not br athing-. ~TO first aider is [hat the heart i stopped. q ualified to pronoun It is his duty to perform artificial respiration at ') nce. Til rn thod rno t lik I)' to revive him is chafer s, \\ ith carbon-dioxid. Tllis I11U t be ontin lICU wi thou till term ission until normal b rcathin tr or skill d help arrive, There is a se ond type o[ a e which has to 'J C con idereel, although not so important to the I rgcn t fir -t aider, as to the am bu lance man. I re f r to thc victi iT1 whose chest muscles or d iaohragm have been paraly ed. In this class of ~ ase artificial respiration may require to be coninued for hour or days, but this i not your 'jphere of work. From you the lectrocuted per!:ton demands ~ chafer and carbon-dioxide. Dr07.Cmz'I1CT. For twenty-five years now the ROyal Life Saving Society have been teaching chafer's method, and thousands of live have been saved. It is remarkable how this method has not travelled so readily to the Continent of Europe, whereas America has not only accepted it, but improved on it. It was in America that carbondioxide-the bogey of the asphyxiated by drowning-was finally beaten. \Vhereas, at one time it was considered that the apparently drowned met his death through excess of carbon-dioxide in the blood l Prefessor Yandel-Henderson and others

* A Lecture given by Dr. Gilbert Burnet, l\I.c., at the Eastbourne Conference of the i ationa} Fire Brigades' Association, October 19th and 20th, 1933.

AID.

175

dared to advocate the use of it to resuscitate him . Through their efforts it is now generaily accepted that it is a valuable adjunct to Schafer's method, and that in the proportion of 5 to 10 per cent. in the inspired air it produces a quicker revival. To-day the Royal Life Saving ociety is teaching this combination as the ideal method. Already many successes have been reported after the use of the Sparklet Resuscitator. There is no dou bt that carbon-dioxide shortens the period of asphyxia, and the shorter this period can be made, the better the chance of a succeseful revival. A supply of carbon-dioxide at all life saving stations is essen tial. SIwek after Road Aecz'dents.-There are many cases of shock (due to causes which I cannot enter into here), which produce variable degrees of respiratory failure. This type of help must, of necessitYI be of varied nature. I can in a general way give you a ruling: If the victim is gasping for breath, give him oxygen, and if his respiratory movements are deficient or absent give him carbon-dioxide. Conclusz'o71s.-1 have pointed out that efficiency and prom ptness must be the essentials of our methods of resuscitation. I th ink I have said enough to satisfy you with the efficiency of our methods to-day; namely: "Schafer with carbon-dioxide, and oxygen or air. " I am not satisfied that these methods are being employed promptly enough. The firstaider does not go on duty with a "i\ovax" or "Sparklet Resuscitator" under his arm. He cannot, therefore, under existing conditions, apply the most efficient methods immediately. Time is wasted sending for help; even it takes only a few moments, he is wasting the period which is the most valuable for a successful rescue. In other words, unless an efficien t resuscitator can be made part of his uniform when on duty, he is going to stand by while lives are lost. The Sparklet Resuscitator has suggested to me a way out of the difficulty . I have designed a fireman's axe containing enough carbon-dioxide to satisfy the requirementJ of a fireman's rescue. A long bulb containing the carbon-dioxide is incorporated in the handle of the axe in such a way that a simple turn of a milled nut will produce a steady stream of the gas. The shape of the axe is not altered, neither is its weight increased nor its utility diminished in the least. The method I recommend is simple. After getting the victim into the air, Schafer IS performed whilst the end of the axe, laid on the ground, issues a steady stream of the gas within one or two inches of his mouth. It will be an advantage to throw a tunic or handkerchief over

176

FIRST

his face to prevent any current of air dispersing the gas too read i1y. In the case of policemen, I have chosen his truncheon as the container, and I have designed one capable of doing all that a truncheon has done in the past. The model I have made is slightly heavier than the regulation one, but by having its greater weight in the hand grip, it gives exactly the same weight of blow as the wooden one. I t may still be the pol iceman's method of defence if extraordinary circumstances demand, but r am sure it will more often be used saving life than in defending his own. Never a day passes without some member of the Force being called to a case oE apparent death. I am sure that some of these victims could be made to breathe before the heart stops, if only an efficient method of resuscitation could be carried out as the policeman arri ves. His truncheon could provide the means. Our methods are efficient, but lives will continue to be wasted until these methods can be promptly applied.

The Ritual of the Wet Sheet. I~

an address published in Folk Love last June, Miss ~I. E, Durham arg ued that man y of the devices adopted by primitive man to prev ent his dead from returning as ghosts were reall y safeg uards against infection. Purification rites performed by the relatives included bathin g in sea water, or remaining in seclusion for a time, while som etimes a body was ferri ed across a river to burial. But these and similar meas u res were often distorted until they becam e pointl ess, a nd such a decline is illustrated in th e story of the carbolised sheet, as learnedly told by Dr. John Ritchie of Dumfries. The custom is pas3ingj but it is still not uncommon to see a sheet soaked in antiseptic hangin g outside the door of the room in which a patient with an infectious disease is being nursed-the th eory bein g that the Scarlatinal streptococcus and his colleagues turn pale at the odou r of Carbolic, and rather than cross the threshold prefer to remain prisoners in the sick room. Savage races, it seem s , share this belief that infection can be checked by physical barriers, and they block their village paths with thorn twigs to keep out the devil of disease. There is some sense, indeed, in this, for if thorns cannot keep out spirits they may well deter a carrier of infection. Dr. Ritchie reminds us that during the Plague of 1603 when a Londoner died in a country town no one could be found to bury him, and" every o ne," as Thomas Dekker noted, "with bag and

Al n.

January, 193+.

baggage marcht home, barricadoing their dores and windowes with firbushes, ferne and bundles of straw to keepe out the pestilence at the staves end." These precautions at least preven ted the plague-stricken passers-by [rom breath ing i nfection into their neighbours' faces" in spite," as Peyps tells us they were ready to do in his day. The carbol ised sheet of modern ti mes is by no means so effective an ob truction j but as a matter of fact it originall)' had another and more atisfactory function. I n early times cold water was used to cool the air of the sick room, both by the method ists at the beg i n n i ng of the Christian era, and by physicians of the Arabian school who , believin a that hot dry air \\' :1S a cause of disea e, hung the walls of the r 'J m with \\' t sheet and spread cooling herbs and Howers on the floor. Later, in the tim e of the Black Death, it was still held that hot dry air must be cooled and moistened, and attempts \\' re made to purify it by addi ng vinegar to the w a ter in wh ich the wa l I sheets were soaked. Thencefor\\,aru, tl1 bel ieE that air could be di inf cted continued to gain ground, and man y substances hav be e n r dited with power to ne u tralise the miasma e manati n CT from the patien t. The contag ion of Typhus \\ as ~aid to he destroyed by the fum es of ~itrou s Acid, and th e same result was expected from hlorid e of Lim e spread upon the flo o r- a sad decline, lIrel I, [ro m the herbs and fto\yers of the less- i\'ili ~ ed tim es . Even to-day the air o f the sick room i o ft en sprayed \vith disinfectants , a nd no doubt they coo l it as pleasantly as th e wet sheet of the p a~t. But the sheet it elf, robbed of ib ori g in a l function, has migrated ou tside the c100r and become a symbol to wa rn a way the healthy j just as (Dr. Ritchie tells us) a "quhyt claith" was once hung upon the doors of cottish house to warn neighbours of the pestil e nce. The chan g e of situation provides a g ood examaple of the degeneracy of sound practice into more or less useless ri tual.-Tiz e Lancet.

Lin coln Co rp ~ , S.J .. \. B., ha H! suffered a g reat loss b) the death of Di v. Supt. Herbert La rd, wh o di ed a t hi s home on December 15th, age -+ 9.

Th e a nnual dinn er a nd dance of the Cheltenham Joint H eadqu a rters of the Ord er of St. J ohn a nd tilE' British R ed Cross Society, was he ld on January 3rd. Th e R~v . R. H . M. Bouth , 1\1..\., J . P . (Chairm a n of the JOllll Committ ee) presid ed.

When you write to any of our Advertisers kindiy mention FIRST AID. It dosen't cost you anything and it pleases the Advertisers, and Us

January, 1934.

FIR S T

177

A ID

Rat/way Ambulance News. Great Western. Th e Great vVes tcfll Rai lway Amhulancl: CCIlLIT hilS ~1l lain ed irreparabl e loss in lh e d ca th, 011 J a nua r): 3rd.

of its Presid ent, Viscoun t Chmchill, G.C.V.O., Chall'lllfll1 I j the Company. \Vhilst asso iating him elf with all phases of starr wclfa re work on th e r ailway. L ord Churchill took a pa r··cula rly k een and in limate inte r est 111 ambulance work. which h e r egard ed as t rue Christianity [or, as he said, it was h elping one's fc ll o \\ s \\ h n they wcre du\\ 11 anci do ing onc's be t to alleviate human suficring-. :\Iany t ho usa nds of al11h l1 lallCl: \\orkers 011 the ( ~ . \\ T. R . a re pr oud o f th e facl that their first aiel certifica tes bea r t h c sig na tur e of L ord Churchill who, as its Pres ident, a tte nded soci a l fU ll ctions at variolls places th rol1~ho ut the lint.: to dist ri hute (,'xall1ll1Cl tion a \\'a rcls to (i.\\·.R. a mbul ance m en. The g-enial chairman hip of Lord Churchill at the an nual fina l com petition at P adding-loll year hy ) car, and h:s (,llcoll raging ellthu slasm for the can . e we're a source of gratification to a mbu lance ml:n who atkllril'cl at Pad ding·ton f rom all pa r t of th e rail" ay. IIis lordship made a point of witnc<;si ng thc compctition anel watched thL' wo rk of th e v ario u s teams participating' with interest. H e \Va a lway glad to learn of cn ('s in which G.\\'.R. 1 en had bee n able to r ender helpful first aiel and made I im 'elf fami liar wit h th e ca~es sclected for lhe Company's me dal a nd ce r tificate awards year hy ycar. Lo rd Ch urch ill ' s in terest and acti\"ities in the first (id cau e werc not confined to thc Gn'at \ Vcstern Railvay, and amb ulance wo rk among railwaymcll throughout th e cO llllt ry had his sym pathetic support and el1coura~e l11e nt. A s recently as 1932 he p resel1ted the ChallcngL hielcl an d p ri zes in th e In te r -rai lway competition. am' :.o-onc was mo r c pl eascd th a n his lord 'hip when ill last ) ear's con te t th e much -coveted troph: \ as secured for t!1 c Great \Vestern R ailway t han the PrLslclcnt qf it, Amhu la nce CCl1tn. Lord Churchill" associat Ion with alllhulancc work Ie:; sha r ed by L ad: hurchi]l . who freClucntly aCCOl11. nie d him to gat he r inl,!'s of r a ilwaymcn and made pre~el1ta t ions of a mbulan ce a w ards. I t is inte resti ng' to n ote that the G reat \ \'estl'rI1 Rai lway Centr e ha<; ha cl hu t t \\'0 Pre idcnts since its formation in 1896. I I. R.n . the late Prin cess Christian hecame Presid ent on tlll' format iol1 of the Centre ancl I('tai n ed th at offic e un til h er c1eat h in 1923 . when t11(, late VIscount ' h urchil1 acce pted the P residency.

NEATlI.-Th e N cat h L oco1l1otiYe A mbulance Class hdd its first annua l d inn er a mI prescn tatio n of awards with auspi cious success at the Cambri a n H otcl on D ecember 10th, wh en Mr. "vV. 1\.. R ow c presided oyer a la rgc company, a nd the gu e_ ts of h ono ur w e re S ir Willi am James Thomas, Bart., dir ect o r of th c Co III pall.' .' and Lady 'J hornas. Mr. B. R ey nold s, Di v. S up t., paid tribute to the whole-hearted support o' iycn to th e fi rst a id 11l0yemelll'. Sir William J am cs Thomas, who was rcceiyed w ith n I1sieal honours} ref erred to th e pleas ure h e fe lt in b eing associa ted with first aiel work 0 11 th e r a ilway . Examina ti on awards wcre presented by L a dy Thomas, who congratula ted the 111 embers on their succ ess and said she f It

that allY rlcummendatillli ~o clJlItinuc their studies \Va~ hardly necessary, as (L'nhulancc ,'urk, once taken. lIJl, gripped its adherent. with its interest. PresentatlO11: CilJ behal f: of the cla<;<; \\ ere made to Dr. Traynor, lecturcr, and ).[r. J. Long, instructur, by Mrs. Rcynolds, C.\H1L\RTHEX.-Thc annual 'upper arranged by the ('armarthen Ambulallce Class took place at the Red Lion J [otd 1m December l:th, when examination awards ':'aillccl by the members were presented hy )'1r. J. Taylor. Iller) . foreman. The prescntation, includcd a ~old medal for IS ycar'" efficiency tl) )'1r. J. l'otter, the firth me.mb~r () f thc ('las' to receive thi" hOI" JUr. The enthuslastlc St crctary, Mr. \V. J. Val1~hal1J \\ as made the recipient. oi 't sl11oker\ outfit. All l-'lJ"yahlc COI1L'Crt rendered dUrIng the C\THing by member;:, of +he:: class.

TIU Ro.-~Icl11hers of thl' Truro Ambulance Class met at the station all DecemLL' r Ith to receiYe their examination awards at the hands nf. ~Ir. J. E . Potter, Assistant :upt. ~1r. L. G. T\1orris: .\ ~~ i<;tant Loco. S~pt., preside? ). II'. Potter referred to a kltcr he had recen'ed from SIr Frederick \\';l1llicott, donor of the •. \Vinnicott" ChallCll"'C ~hidd. in which 11C wi"hed success to their first aiel \\ I>~h., which he regarJL cl as important national work .\fr. Potter congratulated the Truro tl!am on winning the (. \Vill11icott" Shield, aile! paid a \\-ann tribute to their Clas: ,l'cJ'(:tarv, Mr. T. \\,illis. The awards included gold medals fl)~' 15, 20 and 23 years' efficicncy.

--- .-.---

London, Midland and Scottish. D.\l cp.-An inten':-;tinz C\'cnt took place in tl{e Bacup St. TOhll Ambulance Drill 1 Ldl \\ hen Passed Cleaner J. T. (;rc·cl1\\,ood was presented with the L.} I.S. Long Service ).1cc1al and rihbon bv _ II'. \V. Bradley, Locol110ti,e Foreman, Bacup. :'lr. Bra('lc.y, in 111aki~H?,' the presentation. impressed upon those present the value of a knowledg-e (If fir 't aid and wished the amllUlance movement e\'ery success. Mr. Bradley was supported by Mr. B. Jackson, Running Shi ft Foreman who is an old ambulance ,vork er. 1\11'. J acksoll said that he was one of the first to tak e up ambulance work in Bacup both with the St .. John Brio'acle and the L. & '\ . ambulance movement, and tn the cou~se of his remarks stated how his knmdedge o f firs t aid had stood him in !..,oml stead when in the course of his work as a Locn. Fircman he had had the misfort une to lose all arm. \\Then thiS unfortunate accident occurred th ose who at (ndL'cl him had no knowledge of first aid) but as \yell as he could he told the men how to stop the bleeding, and so perhaps sa\ ed complications. He said h e hopcd that the aIel mC11lbers would keep up their knowlcclO'e and that the \'Ot1l1ger men would tak e an active illt~rcsl in the \\ ork. hoth ~OJl the railway and in the tow n . DERllY.- DL'l'b\' L. \r.S. Carriagc and \-Vag-on Dept. Ambulance Corps on Dec\.1l1bcr 9th held what it is h oped will bL'cll111e an a1111l1al Ambulance Compctilion. ix teams cOlllpetl:(l. and Doctol s M and all Coates and A. E. AinscO\\ "ere the judges. The result was a s follows :l'irst Team ?\o. 4 T. R. Atlsdell, S . I\.llen , \ \T. R ich ardson, \ Y . Bar 11) (Captain) : Second T eam N o.2- A. P arnell (Captai n ), F. H ancock} H. Holloway, A. Burton.

FIR S T

The Individual prize

were ,yon by J. Lawrence (Z),

\Y. \Yheway (C), G. \\' oodbridge (1'), G. B. Hawley ( ). The proceeding were pre icled over by 1\11'. R. Hilliard, and 111'. E. Pugson pre ented the prizc. Amo11 0 'st othcr pre clll \ycre: Mr. and l1r . \V. J. Blake; ),11'. and l1r ' . \V. ~inc1air; Ambulance iter Freeman and ),11'. H. C. Healey. Di trict ecretary. ::\1r. Hilliard made an cllcoura o'ing , peech, aying that the occasion \"as a milestone in the effort made to fill the \Vork " ' ith highly trained ambulance men. They werc, he said, a definite stage nearer the reali ation of their ambition" a team for each hop." Ml'. Pugson and other gentlemen, including the doctors, al 0 spoke. Lo::-mox GOOD KXOCK-OCT CO?-lPETITIOl .-In an effort to increase the intere t in the ambulance movement among t the taff in the Good Department of the London di trict, an intere ting experiment has just been brouo'ht to a succes ful conclusion. Thi took the form of an Individual knock-out competition, the final of which was held at Eu ton. Contests were arranged at various London Goods tation and the winner from these took part in succeeding rounds from which the nine who survived compet ed in the final. ::\1r. Castleman kindly gave a hand ome trophy for the competition which was judged by Dr. G. E. Orme) the winner of which was Mr. Kirkham of Camden Goods station. :NIl'. \\r. O. Dayies, Commercial As i tant, pre ided. and the pre entation was made by 11r. A, L. Castleman. Di trict Goods Manager. Amongst others present \,"ere Col. Lascelle , )'1r. Bessimer Clarke, 1\1r. B. G. Lindman and Mr. J. Grose. A very hearty yote of thank was accorded to Mr. Castleman not only for presenting the av.:ard, but also for the great interest which he had taken, and which had resulted in an increase in the number of classes held in the London Goods area.

ST, ALBA...'is.-It is with rearet that we learn of the death of \\T. Allen, for many years Class ecretary of the St. Albans class. His decea e i a big loss to the ambulance movement.

---._.-----Rural H ygiene. THE TREAT;VIE TT OF BURN.

rural areas, where the aid of a doctor may not be available until several hours after a severe burn or scaU, the life of the patient may depend on the preparedness of some member of his household to deal with the ~ituation. Very important advances have been made during the past few years in the treatment of burns and scalds, and it is therefore the duty of every Red Cross worker likely to be called on for first aid to familiarise himself, not only with the theoretical aspect of this problem, but abo, and above all, with its practical application. There is nothing new under the sun, and about 5,000 years ago physicians in China practised that treatment of burns and scalds which has within the last few years been re-discovered and has brought the mortality from these accidents

AID .

January, 19.34 .

January, 19.34.

down with a run. The Chine e physician of the past used to treat burns and scalds with tea. The tan n ic acid it con tai ns acts on the in jure I tissue~ in two ways. It coagulate these tissucs and thu ~ preven ts the poisonous substances formed by th l burn from bei ng absorbed into the aeneral circulation. This oagulation also does much to prcv Il t the excessive oozing of nuicl from the injured tissues. \ V h y does the patien t die of bu rns and scald~ The first cause of d ath is the initial shock to th L nervous sYstem. At this stage the mortality l~ only 2~ p~r cent. The next stag IS 6 to .2-1- hou rs after th e acciden t. There is an excessi v loss of blood serum from the burnt surface, a fact which b com p) apparent when the fir t dressing arc found to l> ~ soaked after only a few hours. The patient accorlingl)' becomes extremely thir - t)' and rcstles . Even if he is given plenty to e1rink, this mcaSLl f.! is apt to be inadeq uate. At St. Thomas's IIospi tal in London, the routine practice at the end o( last century "as tu wash away septic material. n anti cjltic grea c dressing was then applied. The a\'crage Illortali between 1894 and I H98 at th is hospi tal was 30 ) per cen t. for bu rns and 18'8 per en t. for scald \ V hen the t rea t men t r0 r ta n n ic a c ic1, ~ h 0 r t h ' to I c descri bed, was adopted at th is ho pital i 11- 192 , the mortality was reduced to only + per cent. fl r burns and 1', per cent. [or scalds_ A first aid dressin cr recommcnded b\ tl authorities of t. Thomas's lIo pitrd cOllt~ill per cent. tannic acid. A little per hloride l . mercury is added as a disinfectant. Th hOU':> lholder may keep a large stock solution of tan n i, acid and perchloride of mercury, but it i ' ~il11pk to have a powder or tablet containing th ~e ul )stances and available for d issol vi n a in waler at a momen t's notice. A compress soaked in this solution is appli L~ closely and evenly over the entirc burnt are This compress is secured by a bandage which 1 its tu rn is sprayed wi th the sol u tion so that tI l' underlying compress is thoroughly wet. To prv vent soiling of the sheets by the tannic acid, it I.., well to place some waterproof material betwce 1 them and the dressing. Tannic acid stains el l) indeed wash out, but the sheet is apt to rot readil y afterwards in the stained area. The injured lim l) should be kept as quiet as possible until the tanni .: acid has had time to form a firm layer of coagulated tissues. When medical aid is available, this first dressing should be removed and the injured tissues irrigated with some antiseptic before a second tannic acid dressing is applied . SUC l1 ir r igation is of importance as it helps to prevent infection of the 'vound, but it should, if possible, be carried ou t by a doctor. J

FIRST

jlolice ~mbulance j\{ ews. CITY OF LONDON POLlCE RESERVE. The mO~l important item of new~ for this month's report i:-. that of the resignation of the Commandant of the Resen'e, \\ . G. LO\'ell, Esquire, C. B. E., who lcrminaleJ his services, fl I husiness reasons, on January the 1st last, llIuch to the I ( ,;rct \.If all the ollic rs and mcn who had served und r him hJl so many years. \Ve are, howcver, assureJ that ;\1 r. Ll) \ell will ~till retain his per onal interests in all the affairs lit thl.! Rescn'e, ~o that wc shall hope to see and have him wit h liS again \\'hcllc\'er he can cOll\enientl\' do so, at our ma n\ social funclion:-. -It is a maller of the greatest poiblc satisfaction to us (Ill lhat Deputy .hsi~tant om mandant G. T. Foxon has, by thl! 'ommi ioner of the Cit) Police Sir Hugh Turnbull ( B. E., been appointed as the ncw Co'mmandanl. Person~ ,dIy, I ha\'e known l\lr. Foxnn for some sixteen year or Ill,lrl.!, clll11ing in close contact \\'ith him on \'(~ry many I' t a"illils during m)' sen'ice in the Rescn'c as 110n. First A J SL:cn:tar~. \1 r. Foxon has always shown very greal iI Lrl~t in our lir~t aid \\'ork, and to the extent of only being , b. cnt l'l1 one lILca,>ion, \\ hen a pressing hu iness engageIl,c nt pre\cnted his being with us. In facL he has always III Ide .I pllinl of hl.!ing prL'sent at the .\nnual 'ompetilion of t "'ir \\'111. :mill! 'ur, all the chief medical officers' I ule., and cll e\'ery dinner, '>upper, \. c., in cOllllcctiup with 1 r t ,tid ,tilL! ,unbulan -c \\'01 k. ,b IIon. ' ec. 1 IUl\'c the I-,rt'a lL'st po'>sible rll'asurc in pay ing our nc\\ 'ollll11andant t lis trihute, and 1 ;tm, I klll)\\. \'oicing the opinion of all hr~l aiucr'> uf lhL' Rescn e in gi\ ing him a loral \\'c!comc kno wing full \\ 1.:11 that \\ e are definitely as~ured thal he wil'l l nt inue hi persl1nal intcrl' t to an c\- n g-reater extent if it i plls:--iblc, to make j'lrs/ .1'-d 1~'!li("IIl(I' the 1110 l important e e ntial L)f l)Ur training, as it no\\' is in e\er) police force til lIglHlut till' country. On Janu,tr) 3rd \\'c had a most enjoyable evening at uur h a dqu,u'l 'r:, in the forlll of a friend I) competition between l\\ II tcams of th\. 'il) Police, a team of the Rcsen'e, and a tt::a m uf the"] " Oi\ i ion, ;\letropolitan Police. Both 111e l ) l11mi~sionl'r and ,\ssi'·'[anL ommi sioner of the City Police \\ "c present, also OLlr ne\\' ommanclant, tot:'l'tiler with the l" id StalY Ollicer, Cartain A. ]. Roberts, and quile a large I~ Ib~r of our O\\' n oniccr~. Thc test \\'as -worked out by C p lalll .\. . Whitc Knl)\., :\1.'., :\1. B., and thc elling- as U lI al by the han. cL'rclary. . The contc'>t was an excertionally clo e onc, re~ulling in d w in for the :\Ietropolitan Police team, a few mark only tli iJint:' each team. Supper follo\\ cd in the \\'akcfield .\le~ - and thc c\'eninu1\ ., certainl) a ~plendid opening of our Nc~\' Year Fir t ,\id ill'i \·itil.!s. _\s thi ' was al~o the lirt occasion on which our I ~l.!sl n' c tl.!.lI11 had ever met the Regular Police in a competillllll, I can a~sure thcm their \.\'ork was exceptionally well tl,lll \." and had the greatcst applause and praise from their Rl g- ular br\.)thers. CECIL C. El\lERY, Commander ano Hon. Sec. DRECONSHIRE

CONSTABULt\RY.

The following \\' il thc appropriale lest set for the a mb ulance competition held on November 22nd last, con~1 1I 'led by the Priory for 'tVal s, as reported in our last ISsue :_

\ : au are allendi ng a Fi r L ,\id Practice ina room over You suddenly hear a shot, and on rushlI1g to lhe window you see a bank clerk run into the main

~h l' F Ire Slation.

AID .

179

road shouling for help; and ome men enterin~ a big car, which drives off at a very fast rate. As you are approaching, a motor car knocks the bank clerk do\,vn and you lind him lying pinned underneath the front of the car. Act as you would. Time limit 20 minutes. DETAILS OF TEST.

Rapid ad\'ance and immediated realisation of surroundings Instruct 1'8 control at trafTic Instruct Fire Station re Mobile Police to chase bandits Enquiry re doctor... In~lrucL Fire Station Je need for ambulance car " I l1~truct hospital (half mile away) to prepare for cases I nstrucl Police re charge of Bank Enquire bystander re number of bandit's car Rel11o\'e car from patient. How done? ese driver to jack up car Rapid examination on spot

6 of of i-+ iiof

6 i-

J ud~e says: "Profuse blceeding righL thigh frolll gunshOl wOt.:nd."

Is patien t conscious (ye ) Is leg obviously fntctured (no) Carefully lurn patient over Examine breathing (laboured) " pulse (feeble and quick) .\sk patient if any pain (yes, right side of chest and right le~) ,\ k nature of bleeding of leg (arterial) Immediate treatment of Ieg-. Digital pre sure Femoral artE'ry .hk if bleeding controlled (yes) Keep patient stili '" Examine ribs, irregular (no) for wounds (no) ., Blood from mouth (yes) ~alure of blood (frothy) Treatment of chest. Incline patient to injured side, no bandages Iceto uck :\ppl y cold to side... Further examination of leg. Any further wounds (no) Prepare tourniquet Apply " Examine \\'ound -clean (yes) ... Nature of wound (right through) Iodine to fingers ... " "wound Prepare and apply dre ing Prepare and apply wool .-\pply bandage :\ k if bleeding- controlled when tourniquet relea ed (yes) Treatment for shock. Encouraging words to patient 1\les age home (how done) .\ppl)' blankets (from fire talion) " hot water bottles (from fire station) Keep patient warm General examination for lurther injurie Head (no), 2 ; abdomen (no), 2; pel\'i (no), 2 ; legs (no), 2 ; arms (no), 2 Doctor arrived (no) .-\mbulance arrived (yes) Load tretcher " ambulance ... Report doctor on arrival at hospital Extra mark for smartness and quick action

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 i-

-t 2 2 2 2 i-

4 i-

2 2 2 2 2

3 3 2 2 2 2 iiiof i-

10 2 2 i-

5 i-

164

Flit $ 'f

i80 BIRi\llNGHAl\I

SPECIA.L CONST.-\BCLARY RESERVE .

OJ\'I

A 1 () .

fetters

the

t;ditor.

LONDON

The Roy al Life Saving Society. THERE are only t\\'o answers to que tion to complete this erie of article taken from the Bronze l\ledallion Stadard of the Society's Examination. They are :Ouestion 39.-1£ a bed in a house is available, when should the patient be removed? What treatment should follo\\' the full reco\'ery of breathing? Ans\\'er.-\\'hen the patient is completely restored and his abilit\, to swallow has been tested by a teaspoonful of warm w~ter, a teaspoonful or two of tea, coffee, or warm brandy and water may be administered. He may then lie on his rig-ht side in a warm bed and be encouraged to sleep. But he ~ust be carefully watched for orne t;me to see that breathing does not agai~ fail. Question 40.-Gi\'e reason for not administering Auids, (i. e., brandy, tea, etc.), to an unconscious person. How do you test for the return of the power to swallow? Answer.-An unconscious person is unable to swallow, therefore the administration of fluids 'w hilst he is in such a condition would be dangerous. First test his ability to swallo\\" by applying a teaspoonful of 'Nann water, and then if he is able to swallow, small quantities of tea, coffee, or weak brandy may be given.

vVe should like to take this opportunity of thanking the Central Executive of the Society for the interesting series of articles which have been published in this] ourna!. They ha\"e proved to be of a highly educational value, and we hope the objects of the Royal Life Saving- Society have been made known to many who, beiore, were ignorant of such a worthy body. It should be remembered that the Central Executive of the Royal Life Saving Society 'will always be pleased to arrange for a Lecturer to visit any Unit of the St. J oh n Ambulance Association, or any similar organisation to give Lectures and Demonstl-ations of their methods of Saving Life from Drowning and the application of the Schafer 1ethod of Resuscitation. Full particulars can be obtained from the Chief Secretary, 8, Bayley-street, London, W . c. 1.

kindly

HOSPITAL

FIRST

By A D OCTOR.

LE'TURE.

No.

1. -FRACTURES . -(Confz·7lued).

SII{-

, I wonder if I may be permitted to expre s through thL medium of your valued paper, Illy appr ciation of a most interesting and illuminating lecture which 1 was privileged to attend on Saturday, December 16th, 1933, at the London Hospital Medical College_ The lecture, given by Ambulance Ollicer vV. J, Harris , was to me most helpful, and since, b) the enthu iam and applause from those present with me, it would appear generally helpful, I am encouraged touggcst that thcrl might be some permanent record kept of the lectures. One wonders whether 1r. Harris could not be persuaded to produce in booklet form these interesting lectures I am sure that such a booklet would be \\. kOl11ed by ambu lance worker generally, and especially by t11llse member . . who ha\'e attended the lecture ince their inc ption, and who could reter again to the man) points expounded by :'Il r. Harris . Po sibly there are other ambulance workers who feci as I do in this matter, and I am inclined to think that thl' point might well be di cussed among the di\ i. ion~ thal have been represented at hi · pre\ ious clas::,c~. Of the lecture itself I could sa, much, but a till bel1l'fit of these Saturday afternoon cla-·.le's are prnhabl) kno\\ II to a great many of your roader , 1 \\' ill onl) add that tlll)~ \-vho ha\'e not yet been to one, there is wailing a helpful and enjoyable time. . Responding to a \'ote of lhanks at the close of hiS k cture, Ir. Harris mentioned that he had hcld 70 kcturc and addressed 10,206 ambulance workers, and, further - a poil~ t not to be o\'erlooked when one consider that the work I quite voluntary -cr iven as a re ult of collections, the su I of £222 16 . 1d. ~o thd London Hospital. urelya noble work and one which I, per onall)" 1ll0~ t heartily apprcciale.-Yours faithfully, London, E.16. \V. \\'.

A TERE ' TJ NG C\ E. DEAR SIR, I would like to report the promptne sand u e of im provised methods of Ambulance iter 1. Gaze, a jirst yt'ar member, who rendered assistance to a woman with a frac tured leg Ambulance Sister Gaze, 011 her "va) home frOI11 bu iness, was about to n1.ake her way to an escalator of a London tatio n \Vhen she noticed, half way up, a crowd. In making he r way to the front of the people, she found a woman lying in great pain . The escalator was at once stopped, and .\mbulancc Sister Gaze examined the woman and founa her to I" suffering from a bad fracture of the leg. She at once sent for the ambulance, and, whilst awaiting its arrival, b?rowed from people several handkerchief'i, which she lteJ together, newspapers, which she folded to make a splint, and two scarves, and at once tied the feet togelher, first \-vith the handkerchiefs then placed the papers along outside th e clothing and 'tied above and below the fracture ""ith the scarves, supported the legs until the arrival of the ambUlance, and used encouraging words to the woman. . . The patient is now lying in hospital, and on enqUlrJnt.; was then making- progress. Ambulance Sisler Gaze was rewarded by receiving a new scarf in place of her 0\\ 11, which she also used. - Yours faithfully, C. A. PEARCE, Lady Div. Supt. o. 69N Southern Railway Corps (Southern). J anuary 9th, 1934.

FOH.EAlDl

FR.\LTURE OF THE

(RADIUS

.\:\'D

Cause--Direct or indirect violence . ~ymptoms-One or both bones maybe broken . I. both, the u~lIal signs of fracture are present. If

a Iyone, a fracture ma\' be difficult to c1laanose bL't if there i pain an-d swellintY it ho~ld b~ lr <lted as a f ractu re. h First Aid-The fOi arm is bent at riaht angles b ( tl) t Ile arm, the palm of the hand inwarJs. Broad "'p lilt,':, are applied all the inner and outer sides e. -tend ing from the elbow to beyond the Jingers ; tl ..,e hould be firm I)' bandaged above and below tl fracture and around the hand. The forearm is suppo rted in a sling . Aft r-trcatment-Th fracture i!:> usually redu cd under dn anc\.!~thetic. The splints u!:>ecJ must n t he broader than the forearm. The anterior splint extend [rom the bend of the lbow to the m'ld le of the palm, \\ ith a piececLlt out for the ball of he thumb. The posteri r splints extend from th· olecranon to the knuckles. Gooch !:>plintinrr is . h ~omet lm~ ' used. T~le arm is supported in a sling III a semlpr ne POSltl n. If the fra ture of the radius is above the in c.rtio n of pronator teres the arm must be fully Sl p lllated, and the elbo\\" flexed at an acute ana-Ie. Cau..,c

FR \CTLIU': .

'carly always indirect \' iolencc. Tbis o[ the lower end of the racliu ' , and is rn st com mon I)' due to a raIl on the pal m o[ the ou ,:>tre tched hand. 'ymptoms-The qttitu Ie of the hand is lypical all 1 has been compared to the outlille of a dinner fo rk . There is a prom inence at the back of the \\,r'st, clue to the displaced lower fragment; the Up ,)e r fragment projects on the front of the wrist. TI ere is tendernes at the site of fracture . Crepitus tn e \' be absent due to impaction. Fi rst Aid As for fractu re of the forearm. . After-treatmen t-A fter red uction there is "en' htt lc . tendency to redisplacement, so that a~ an tc flor splint is a ll that is required. -l

IS 1 fracture

ClIAFFEUR'

FRACTURE.

The lower end of the radius is sometimes

[r~ct ured by a motor engine back-firin!S when it is bellg started.

Thi

Or a fracture thro ugh

may be a Calles' fracture the lower third of the shaft.

* Reprinted by courtf'l;Y of thL 1;-/sll

fospita Z World.

101

This is the reverse of a Colles' fracture, and is due lo a fall on the back of the flexed hand the chief prominence is of the front of the wrist. ' First Aid and after-trea[ment are on the same 1i nes as for Colles' fracture.

F RACTU}{E OF TIlE (CAHPUS,

UL~A) .

COLLE~'

A 1 1). Sl'IIlTH'S FRACTURE .

Lectures in First Aid. 'II'

=----=====

The cllnbulance cla s of the abO\'e held their annual competition on December 10, 1933, at their headquarters , Ladn\"ood Police Station. There wa a good attendance, and -the result for the Challenge Cup was 1st, Section Lead r . L. T . J. BrooOl, 7 ; G. E. 1\larsll, +~ pints; 2nd, 3rd, S. C. J. \V. Jone , 76~. . Stretcher test result: 1st, "C" Team (G. E, mlth, ]. \\'. Jone , E. ]. James and C. Gray), 127t points; 2nd, " A" team, 109 ; 3rd, "D" team, 100. The examiner wereI\Ir. F. C. Smith of the R.L.S.S. anu i\lessr . \\T. E. Depoy and F. \\' ildman, S.].A.B. Commander S . C. Taunton thanked the Judges and also compliment€'t.l Sub-Commander H. Bannister, the instructor, on the efficiency of the class. Other officers prest.;nt included Chief Sub-Commander F. Britian and Sub-ComOlander A. Taylor.

advertisers

W e are in n o war responsible for the opinions exp r e~se d , or lh stateme n ts m ad e, by Correspondenls.-EDITOR .

ION (NORTll .\I~E.\).

W hen corresponding wi th :r.enti on " FIRST A ID."

jan uary , 19.34 .

Jan uary , 19.34

~Yllrs/716' (wd

BOXE ' OF THE HAND

METACARPUS OR

PHALA~GES).

Cause-D irect or indirect violence. Sym ptoms- Those usually p resent incases of fracture . First Aid-A broad splint is used, extending from above the wrist to beyond the fingers . After-treatment-If a finger bone is broken a small str~igh.t splint is applied to the finger, a broad splint IS applied to the hand, and the fore arm is supported by a sling. FRACTURE OF THE PELVIS .

Cause-Direct or indirect vio lence. ymptoms-Severe pain, the patient is unable to stand or to move the lower limbs. First Aid-Place the patient on his back with the limbs in whatever position is most comfortable. I~lace a broad bandage or towel around the pelvis tight enough to give support, but not so tiaht as might cause further displacement of the broken bones. The patien t should be removed on a stretcher .with. as little movement as possible, as \\-as descrI bed III the case of a fractured spine. After- treatment-If the patient is sufferina from shock this should be treated first. There i~ alwaJ.s danger of the pelvic organs being injured, espeCially the bladder. \ Vhen the fractured bon es have been put into position, a firm binder is applied and the knees tied together with a pad of cotton wool between. The patient is nursed on a divided mattr~ss, no movement being allowed. Special attention should be given to the back in order to prevent bed sores. The urine should be measured and catheter passed when necessary, enemas should al 0 be given if required . FRACTURE OF THE FE:\I

These may occur near the neck, in the shaft, or close to the knee. I n old people the most common site of fractu re is at the neck of the bone . This is usually cause? by indir.ec~ violence, such as tripping over some object or missing a step. Signs and Sym ptoms-All the usual si ans of fracture are present. The foot is everted and as a :u le there is s~ortenil1g of the limb . TI1e patient IS un~?le to ~alse the foot when lying down . FIrst AId-Gentle traction on the foot and ank le, bringing the injured limb in line with the sound one. This should be mainta ined until the spl i n~s are applied. A long splint reaching fro m the arm p i t tv be-yod the foot, and an inner spl i n t extend ing a lso beyo nd the foot. These shou ld be

FIRST

1 2

se ured by means of bandages above and belO\ the fracture, around the chest, at the hips and the feet. Both legs should be tied together, the sound limb thereby actin a- as an additional splint. After-treatment depends on the site of fracture. For fracture of the upper third a double inclined splint is used, with extension by weight and pulley. The knee is flexed and the leg flexed and abducted at the hip . In the middle third extension by weight and pulley. \Vhere there is shortening, Pearson's ice-tong-calliper is sometimes used, operative treatmen t may be necessary. In infants vertical extension is used. Th thighs are flexed at right an g le to the pelvis; the legs are extended by weights and extension, the pulley s being fixed to a gallows pl a ced across the bed over the child's pelvis. FRACTU R E O F THE LOWER TIIIRD.

A double inclined splint is used, the knee is flexed, extension is sometimes applied and Pearson's ice-tong calliper. The patien t is nursed on a divided mattres s, thereby a voidi ng moverrJen t as mu c h as possi ble.

--_. _ . _--

The Proneness to Accidents A S T ARTLI0: G revelation to the majority was that accidents, industrial ones at all events, are not a matter of chance but that certain persons are more liable to th e m than others under the same risks. It was soon seen that such a condition might easily be a s ource of danger to others, and an original investi g ation undertake n by the Industrial Research Board on these "accident-prone" workers suggested their exclusion from dangerous occupations. Following t his, the Board has now issued a Report of further investigations on those with the worst accident experience. Previousl y groups of these unluck y ones were subjected to some forms of examination that are mainly used for vocational fitness. But the present enquiries have been founded on special sensory and intelligence tests applied to skilled workers and their success or failure to pass them. This was because the earlier Report admitted the vagueness of the term indzvidual susceptibility as including "a motley host of factors very difficult to separate or meas ure." The new Report may be freer from some former erroneous conclusions, but for all that it is only a basis for future princi pIes. What does emerge is that a rigorous use of the lessons of the test mi g ht have saved many accidents. l\Iedically , the enquiry is of the greatest psychic importance, and when finished we trust it

January , 1934 .

A I D.

January , 19.34 .

will be given wider app l ications . For what can b a more" dangerous occupation" than motor driving? \ t\Tith such tests for novices, the roads should be afer [or careful driv e rs, to say nothin g of pedestrians. - hfedz·cal rVorld.

G.\ DEFEN E ! b} \\'illi a m G. Biru, GracI. I. Fire. E. L l) llu o n : Hod gctts , Ltd. , 36 .3 , \\' hitef ri a rs-s tred, P rt'Ct' J , - .. l~ J ' post J .].

I~ . C

.\ ccordin g to the a u t hor, thi s boo k is m ai nl) fur the per o nn el of fire bri ~a d e wh o do not hayc th e o pportu n'ty of recei\'in g thoroug h tra inin g in th e u e a nd m a in te nall e of brea t hin g a ppa ra tu . \Ve, h owc\'c r, would reco mm e nd it to a ll \\ ho s tud y tIll! importa nt su bj ect of rcsc u e a nd res u citatio n of p e rs o n ~ sl·fferin g from as ph~ xia. It d eals mainl y wi th til e Cl) lllposit' 1I1 of the a tm os ph ere; \ a ri o u ty pe of sl! lf-co ntainl! ti ox)"' 11 breat hin g a ppa rat u ; t hc m a in te na nce a nti tra n<,pl ; ",hil t C ha pte r fo ur is d C\'oted to the t rai nin g at a res 1(' sq ua d . Th e n foll o w in t ru cti o ns a to t he usc of hrl',tth ga ppa rat us a nd th e resc ue a nd re usc ila ti on of !.4<tSSl'ti p 'rso ns. Cha pte r e ig h t d eals wi t il da ngl!rous :..:-ascs illll s ubs ta nce ' 'w hi ch m ay ge nerate a t ou tbrea k .., of lire, sud ,I S hydroge n, ca rb oll-m o nox ide, nitri c ac id , ca rb llJl -di o:\ dc, phosge ne, a nd otil e r s uch gases. T he last c hapte r i., tie\' oH d to a qu estio nn a ire, which s h ould be fount! usefu l to thl! st utie nt. Th e boo k co nt a in s 64 pages, i neat I) printed 011 g o d pape r in a \'ery ha nd s ize, wh ich will eas il y lit into OJ\( 's pock et, a nd thu e nab le the tu d cnt to C U T} it \\ ith hiIl1 ! r refere nce a ny t imc . TH E

P t.J ;\IP O F LIF E a nd Dl~ ER. THE DINER' (Nos. 1 a nd 11 respect ively of .\id s to Ph y" iology.)

These two pa m phl et a re in \e r<,e, t he firs t occ u pyin of pages, a nd dea ls with t hc heart a nd the circu lat io n of 1~ blood , whil st .the se.;o nd , whi ch occu pi cs 9 pages, dea ls, ,\ t ne ti tle s ugges ts, 'wi t h food . Bot h hook s ca n be o btaiJ' d fro m th e a uthor, 1\1r. J o hn \Vhite, Geo rge-st reet, t rouu, Gl os. , a t th e cos t of six pe nce a nd o nc s hillin g e,lch res pecti vely.

Supl. H. 1\1. Craze, of th e lll ogan Di visio n, S.j .. \ .B., has bee n admitted a Ser vin g Brother of th e Ord er of Sl. John. Supt. Craze has bee n a m e mbc r of lh e 1. J oh ll Moveme nt for twenty-o ne years, h av in g j oin ed lh e P oo l and Ca rn Brea Division in 1912. :- Roller Bandges B.P.C. Quality (W.O. '.), FOR1 in.SALE Good Quality (W.O. \\'. ), x 6 yards, 7/6 g ross. 1 in . x 6 yards, 6/- gross. Other sizes in proportion. Also g ood quality Triangular Bandages at 4/- per dozen, sam ples Sd. each. Boric Lint (B.P.c.) 1 oz. packets, 2/ - per doze n; Hospital, 1/9 per dozen. Cotton Wool (B.P. C) 1 oz. packets, 1/ 10 per dozen; Hos pital, 1/8 per dozen. All post free . Cash with order. -AsepLo Bandage Co., 46, Can non· street, London, E. C. 4.

ADA~1

TIIORB

A I D.

183

permeated \\lith small channels for the passage of blood vessels and nerves. Were it not so a broken bone would be an irreparable injury.

The Skeleton. *

- - - .-- .- - -

R.eviews.

FIRST

R:\'.

10 t he a v rage i nd i vic! ual a skeleton at once Sll ggcsts a rather dry , uninteres ting collection of Innes , a nd whi Ie tbat i harJ I)' the correct view to tl ke, t here can be no doubt that bone is the lead i.)g co mponent of the human frame. The interes t, h weve r, grows s teadil y as time and s tud y is ~ I\'e n to the ubject.

Itwill be found th a t rou g hly two hundred bones to make lip this frame and that they vary 1< ~gc l y a s to s hape anu size. For e xample, th-e l> nc o f the arm s a rc lon g , while tho e of the tc~.s are h o rt, a nd a g ai n, the bone o f the s ku II arc /lat , whil e th os e o f the Din a l co lumn are irregu lar in h a pe . s a res ult of thi s , a ge neral "ie \\ [the s kel ton re \'ea l. th a t ea ch side r e m b les th a lh r, that s ome bone s are double an I that o th e r in th e entre ar s ingle. It is al s ~ appare nt th a t th e ho nes of th e head, nec k and tr" n k g to fa rm a cen t ra l o r a xial po rti 0 n to \\ Ich a rc a ppe nded, o n eithcr s ide, th bones of t li mbs . ~)

Bo ne. , h o wc \'cr, a r a hv a \' c mpo seJ o f the ~< ne m a teri a ls , na mely, g r-i. t l a nd mineral I llter , ac o rdin g to the age and s tate o f health of cdc h indi v iou a l, alth o u g h the s tra in th ey are each r>q uired t \\ ith s ta ntl a c o unt [or the difference il co ns tru c ti n ",hi h is app a re nt on closer e ami natio n . Those of th e lon g va riety have an l ter co ve rin g of den s e b ne and th e ir shafts are 110 \\ a nd fill ed with marro\\'. The nei s are all L p:l.t; dcd, and the marrow is here filled into a .., )r t of honeyc o mb arran g ement which gives rise t \1 t he term" cancellous bone." I n the short and I 'ca- ul a r bon s thi s cancellous principle is follu:ved a lmost without e xception, \\ hile the flat, till n bones have a spon ay layer placed between t \ 0 laye rs o f more dense bone. I n every ca e \') I:e has its stron g overin g , the periosteum, from \\ b lch part of the blood supply is derived. From this brief description of the skeleton a ld the co mposition of bone it should now be ;1 ,)pa re n t where the layman's opi n ion o[ bone d,ffe rs from that of the initiated. The former is pro ne to accept the view that bone is a lways an il lc rt d ead substance, while the student is able to bras p the fact that even the most dense bone is

* Th e L.l\l. S. Ambulan ce Brig-ad (Northern Divi s ion) .-\l11bula nce Prize E say of 1g,B. Re printet! hy court esy of th e L. \L S.1\lagazin e.

Having progressed so far we may now consider the uses to which the bones are put and the several purposes they fulfill in the body. , peaking generally, it may be said that the skeleton forms an ideal basis of support, around which the soft parts are grouped. A more vital func tion, however, is the formation of cavities for the protection of the organs so essential to life. Con seq uen tl yin the head, eight bones go to form the cran i u m for the brai n, and these, along with others of the fourteen comprising the face, are modified to protect the organs of sight, hearing, taste and smell. In the neck and back that lon g jointed column of bones, the vertebral col umn, forms a passage for the spinal co rd and along with the ribs and breast bone goes to com plete the ches t or thorax. Continuing its way d o wn\\'ards this column ultimately becomes w edged bet\\ een the large bones of the pel vis, the chief aim of which l:. to support those organs con tained in the abdominal cavity. If we rem e mber th is, and also the fact that the skull is joined to the vertebral column at the top, we u nders tJ nd how necess:uy th is colu m n is to ou r erect mode of carriag e, 3nd how \yell the pelvic rin a- is abl e to distribute evenly the weight above it to the lower limbs. This brin g s us to another great use of bone in the body, namel y the formation of joints on which the muscles of the b ody can act and cause movement. Like the different types of bone the joints vary according to the work required. In the limbs, where great mobility is the chief aim, this is brought about b y a large number of hi g hly movable joints . ' Vhile the upper and lower limbs resemble each other in many respects, it is obvious that their purpose is somewhat different. Consequently the long finger bones, the flat palm and the turning movement of the forearm, make the upper limb suitable for prehension, while the stronger bones of the lower limb, the arch of the foot and the short bones in the toes very ably support and balance the body and are more adapted to progression . In the skull we find that every movement is absent owing to the fixed or immovable joints and this gives an additional protection to the bra in . The vertebral column, on the other hand, gives us a n examp le of a movement which, practicall r speaki ng, divides the two forea-o i ng act ions. Between each joint movement is slight, but if the who le colum n is taken into consideration we a re . ' (TIven a strong mohile tube . So much then for the general movements of the body, but if we revert to the movable joints in the limbs we find they a lso are varied, Thus we have the ball and socket of

1 4

FIR S T

the hip, the hincre of the elbow, and the gliding moYemen t of the wrist. Previously, we have mentioned that bone have their covering, the periosteum, and if it is stated that this is nature's means of giving attachmen t to muscle, and that the bones, general I y, shelter the course of the main blood vessels, their main functions have been considered. I n conclusion, however, attention may be drawn to the fact that, while the skeleton may not possess any great beauty, we are bound to admit it is admirably suited to the work it is meant to accomplish, and a most marvellous attainment. - - - ' - ' - --

Diphtheria . L the course of the last forty years, nothing less than a revolution has taken place in the methods of treating diphtheria. Persons who, to-day, ha\'e attained middle age will recall the horror inspired in their par~nts by the very mention of this disease To many children it brought death by suffocation in a few days, sometimes even a few hours. No one knew the origin of the disease, far less the manner of its propagation. All the doctor could do was to make an opening in the trachea with his scalpel, or insert a tube into the larynx to facilitate breathing, and even so the patient died more often than not. In 1883, Klebs discovered the diphtheria bacillus; a year later Lbffer cultivated it. In 1888 Roux discovered that it produced a toxin which paralysed the heart and the muscles; in 1894, in coIlab.Jration with Behring, he produced a serum to neutralise the action of this poison . The battle was won so far as the curative aspect was concerned. As soon as a child develops suspicious symptoms, a swab is taken of his throat and sen t to the laboratory for analysis. \Vithin twenty-four hours the doctor now knows whether or not his patient is suffering from diphtheria. If the result is positive, an injection of serum is made, and, providing no undue delay has occurred, the onset of the disease is checked. The mortality from this cause has been diminished by nine-tenths, and is now lower than from whooping cough and measles. The serum also acts as a preventive, and persons coming in contact with infected cases are given injections to protect them from the risk of contracting diphtheria themsleves. But the im-

A I D.

January, 19 34.

munit)' thus acquired is of br ief durat ion and rarel y lasts more than a month or o. There still r main d to be found a method , analogous to Jenner's vaccination against smallpox, which would protect the population at large agai nst diphtheria. In 1913, by means of su bcutaneous injections of minute quantitte of toxin, chick demonstrated that eighty out of every hundred childre n are naturally immune from diphtheria up to th e age of six months. This immunity then passes, but, in fifty per cent of cases, reappears betwee p the ages of 3 and 10, and in 25 per cent. morl cases between the acres of 10 and 11. It therefore [ol1ows that the danger period for infcction li es between the ages of six months and ten years . To preserve children against the diseas , th e) were injected with a mixtur of toxin and anti-toxin . A few years later, Dr. Ramon, of th Paste u Institute in Paris, di:scovered a mean of rende r ing the toxin anodyne and suitable for \'accinati on purposes; since that time his anatoxill has been universally adopted. The anatoxi n is prepared in large q uan ti ti e in the bacteriological i nsti tute. Th ree injectio n are made under the skin of the back; an interv al of three weeks separates the first from the sccon d , a nd a fortn igh t is allowed to elapse between the second and the third . The vaccination is rarel y followed by any disturbance (fever, nettle-ras h or any other phenomenon), and the majority ol children come through the xperience witho u : discomfort. Vaccinated subjects are Immu ne from diphtheria for many years, often for the rest of their days. Up to the presen t, millions ot children have been immunised in different parts oi the world. Science has thus been endowed with a swift, safe and easy weapon for combating diphthcria . The disease will, however; only be abolished altogether when anti-diphtheric vaccination has been made compulsory in all countries . Pending the adoption of such a measure, we can only resort to moral persuasion and propaganda. The Belgian Red Cross, in 1930, devoted its annual "Week" to a campaign in favour of anti -diphtheric vaccination . A simil ar campaign In New York, caried Ollt on a more

FIR S T

January, 1934.

intensive scale, resulted In 750,000 chi ldren being vacci 1ated against diphtheria in the space o[ five years, and a diminution of 66 per cent. in the already reduced mortality from the disease. It is obvious that such efforts as these cannot b undertaken without a certain amount of exr ' llse, but against this objection should be weighed the fact that it costs fifty t imes less to \ ccinate a child than to treat a person [or dipht,l cria. ross can render val uable assistThe Red a lce in this connection by making known the b neEt o[ an ti-d i phtheric vacci nation through p bli ations, lectures or films, orin a more p 1.ctical manner by introducing it In their f., >neral di pensaries, baby lini s, hospitals. p c\ c ntoria and holiday camps, and cau ing it tc be adopt d among thc mem hers of the Junior ]\ d ro . . The IIeal th rgan isation of the League of . 'at ion , after an exhaustivL: stud), of the problem, ha'> categorically rccommended the widest poss Ie ext n ion o[ anti-diphtheric vaccination, which SlI lldd be performed ahout the age o[ one year. I' d ero'). So ietic"i \\ ill be quick to realise the ur re nc)' and importance of such a mandate, and ma ny of them will welcome this opportunity of le nd ing wid r ~ign ificance to thei r peace-ti me n i s~ ion o[ I preventing eli easeas and miticrating I fe ring. " - The' 'ecrelarz"at of the League of Red (, 1 )'IS Socd/es.

Capt. II. rookshnnk~, :'II. P. for lhe Gnin s borough D is ion has becn admilled RS an Oflicer of lhe Order of St.

Joh n. ..,

•

The annual Social of the enlral .\rea, I o. 1 District, S. .\ . B., will be held 011 Fehruary 2nd, 1 tJ.H, al the Shoredi l h Town Hall. Dr. J. Blythe presenled the aWRrds al lhe annual dil ner and rre sen ~ alion of ambulance awards ot the Orgrem'e COl lie ry Ambulance Association. T he final competitions of the No. 1 (Prince of W'lIes' s) District will be held on Saturday, April 28th, at the "Jo rthampton Institute, Clerkenwell. T he awards gained al the re-examinations of the No.2 and No. 62N (Haggerston) Divisions, S .] .A. B., were presented recent ly by the Mayor of Shoreditc-h.

185

A 10.

Our Crossword Puzzle.

Acro s .

Down.

1. Likewise. 1. Vessel. 5. Tough tissue. 2. :'Iretal instruments will 10. Should always be looked if left in the open. for. 3. Always safe to give in 12 . •\ bandage can be used. poisoning cases. 14. Rme as 11 down. 4. Initials of 3 arteries of 15. Kind of bone. upper limb. 16. - hot tea, etc. 6. Consume. 17. A number. 7. Animal. 20. A vi ible organ. 8. Opium (antiquated ). 21. Epileptic should he' 9. Initials of 4 ducts. from hurting themseh·es . 10. Pertaining to spine. 24. Honour. 11. Gets more briltle \"ith 26. A scam. age. 2 Cold U. The human telegraph. 29. O\·erlie. 18. Kind of hc:emorrhage. 30. Initials of artery, 19. Part of spine. fracture, 21. Salt and water emetic. bone, 22. Tran port. injury. 23. Skilful. 31. ;\lental image. 25. Stiff. 33 . .-\rtery. 27. To test. 35. Part of ca\'ity. 32. Part of th e Skeleton. 37. Dealh cut down. 34. \-Vater. 38. Ne\'er ~i\"c in first aid 36. Causes shock. treatment. +0. Initials of a poi on. 39. Another artery. +1. vVhat we must ha\'e. 42 . Used in first aid.

Readers are il1\·ited to forward their solutions of the above, and to the sender of the first correct olution opened, a copy of Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher' book" The History of the St. John Ambulance Association" will be forwarded. All entries must reach u by February 1. t, addre ed « Cro sword," FIRST Am, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. c.-t.

Readers will be orry to learn that Captain A. N. Cahusac, M.C., the Chief Secretary of the St. John Ambulance Association, met with a serious accident on December 15th last. He sustained a fractured ankle, bruises and cuts about the face. L pan enquiry at St. John's Gate we were pleased to learn that he is progressing very favourably. Vh hope it wi1J not be long before he is again in harness.

186

FIR S T

A I D.

January, 1934

Our Nurses' Pages. COMPILED

AMBULANCE

No, 1 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B.

No, 39 (TE!'IIPLE) NURSJ 'G DJ\·lsION. - In the report of the annual competition of this Di\'ision in la t month's issu an error was made with regard to the judges. Dr. K. F. Lund, M. A., 1. B., A istant Commissioner in charge of Central ,\rea, judged the practical First ,\id and the written Home Nursing tests, and Lady District Officer Miss \\Talker the practical Home Nursing test and the uniform. Apologies are tendered for the mi take, especially to the iudges concerned. ~O, 64 (E.>-\'LlNG) NURSING DlnSION.-The Ealing Nursing Division celebrated its fifth birthday on Saturday, D ecember 9th, when mem bers and their friends gathered in St. Paul's Hall, Northfields, for a social evening. There '\'ere about 90 people present, among whom \\'e re Lady District Officer Robinia , Viscountess l\lountgarret, O. B.E., Assistant Commissioner S. J. \Varren and Irs. \Varren, District Officer F. Claridge, County Surgeon H. A. Fenton, Di\'. Supt. J. Standingford and ~lrs . Standing-ford, and officers and members of the Ealing Ambulance Di\'ision. The programme consisted of competitions, games, singing and conjuring. Ambulance OlTicer S. J. Stillwell, of Finchley Division, proyided "mysteries," and sono-s were rendered by l\lrs. E. Kewton and 1iss:\1. A. Vicar)~ which were much enjoyed. During the evening Lady Mountgarret presented the " Lady Sharpe" Efficiency Cup to the winner, Ambulance Sister W. Robin on.

EAST HAi\l NURSING CADET DI\·ISIO .. - The first Proficiency Badges to be \\'on by Cadets in the No.1 District have been awarded to members of this Division. The successful recipients were Amelia Tassell, Joan \Voolford, Patricia Beckett and Doris Wallis, who obtained certificates in Home lursing, Homecraft, Nature Study and Cleric~l Ability. No.4 DISTRICT, S,J.A. B. At the close of the competitions held at Brierfield on D ece mber 2nd, Lady District Supt. Mrs. Tweedale, O.B. E. A.R.R.C., J.P., addressed the members of the NursingDivisions present, and gave them some useful hints o~ compet ition work. She said that in tests such as those they had had that day, it was necessary for the competitors to exercise their po ..vers of obseryation and imagination. In the big- competitions many features were included in the setting of the tests which might prove of use to those taking part in them. Keen observation would discover these, and the competitors would thus have in mind material for possible use. 1any candidates failed to make use of what was provided simply because they did not use their powers of observation. To develop this power would help them all as they went through life, besides being of great se rvice in competition work. Although competition tests were staged as perfectly as possible, they were not real accidents, and, therefore, in dealing with the supposed cases imagination had to be

SISTER.

brought into play. \Vithout it the competitors could nIt hope to succeed. Followillg their motto, members of the Brigade ga\l' ll f their time un tintingly in order to p rfeCl themselves in their work of I endering assistance in times l)f nl'eu In till ir fellow human being, thu s following in the footsteps of t IL' Knig-ht of the Order of old, \\' hose work \\as founded llIl Christian feeling and had continued through so ma 1\" generation. Comp tition. \\"ere one of the \\,;1\ s b\" \\ hi h the present-day member Cl)uld inrrcCl e I heir l'iTirie;1C\ ,1IIe1 usefulne s. . SOUTHPORT ~l"R . INt; DI\,[SIO~s. - Lady Corp" LII. l\liss Brown presided at the annual general l1lC'eliIlg ()f ll L" Southport 'ursing Di\ isions which \\'a-; hell.! at I he .'out i _ port Headquarters. After the bu ine of the e\'ening had beeIl transartl'd, a presentation of a hand ollle leather hand hag, froIll till' officer and member, \\'as made fO .\liss .\. \\'alkl'r nn Il l' r ret iremellt from ambulance \\'ork. Mi ss \Vall<:er joined thc Brigrtd e 21 ) ears ago, and h been a member of the Southport" ur ing Di\ itinn fl)r t. • pa t 1R year. For 14 year. she acted as Divi sioIl tI Secretary, and for the la t four) ears a Di visional Trl'ilSllrL'r. During the Grea t \Var, '\[i s \\'alker IwI"flH'llll'd goo I \\'o rk as a \T. A.. 0, at the Grange IIo pila!. PRESTO~ i'lURSI~(~ DI\'lSIO~. By the resit:'llatil1l' (': 1\lrs. lakinson, this Di\ is ion ha 10 tits Lad\ [)i\. up , one with a long record of sen"ice in the Brigad~'. It is 33 years since he joined the Brigade, alll.! '1 recognition of her \\'ork, s he \\,a ' aprointed a Sen ing "isl 'r of the Venerable Order of the IIospital of ."1. Jl)hn )1 jc.>rusalem in 1922. On her retirement, the oflicers and 1llL'll1hcr'> of ti l' Preston Tursing- Divi ion presented their Lady 1I1. with an armchair and a handbag.

NO . 9 DISTRICT, S.j.A.B. DE\'O~ COUNTY.-The S.J.A. B. Nurs int:' Di\'isinlls the county have been ve ry busy during the last month. n ~ddition to the ordinary routine \-\'o rk at the ,\mhula n '(' Stations, and public duties, the following events have bClI1 of special interest:

Sa1combe.-The annual inspection of the ' ursi l"; Di vision here, by Lady County Offi cer Irs. Balsdon, tOl I ~ place on December 6th. Although one of the s maller Divisions in th e county, t 1(' officers and members are maintaining a very sntisfacto ': standard of efficiency. Public duties are not numerous, nnd one of the chief duties of this Division is to "Stand B\ " when the lifebont receives a call. ' While the lifeboat crew Roes on its errand of mere\', t he members of the Nursing Division prepare blankets, hot water bottles and hot drinks. Such call are nOl frequ en , but when r("ceived the town finds the St. John members ready to respond . ReRular dUly at an Orthopedic clinic 6 miles distan t is also undertaken by the members of this Division. Kingsb r idge. -By kind invitation ot Lady Sl.!ale, tn afternoon gathering was arranged on December 16th in

January , 1934,

F 1RST

(lrder to give Lady County O/licer Mrs. Balsdon an opportunity of meeting the ladics in the district o~ Kingsbridge \\'ho have qualified at Association classes during the past kw years. Irs. Balsdon emphasised the great need of a Nursing Di\ ision to supplement the excellent work already being undertake n by thc Ambulance Division, and stressed tbe ::;pecial need of nurses to accompany the ambulance on J't! lllo\"clis of women and children. Lady eale and Irs. I3eckett strongly supported tbe idea an d exprcs ed their willing-nes to help in any way possible. :\1r. \\'ise, the ,\ssociation Secretary, Kingsbridge Sectio n, stated that the Association would support and help the • ' ursint:' Di\ ision whcn formed, and Dr. Verniquet also l' ' rn~!>sl?d hi~ "illing-ness to as!:tist. It wa arranged that a further course of instruction for \\' ,men in lirt aid shouldlol11mcnce in January 1934, at the l'( d of whicb it \\'a~ Iwpeu there \\'ould be sunicient keen ,,- men \\ ilh the nClessctr) llualifications in lir~t aid and home Ilursing t) form a ~ ur'>ing Di\iion. .\t the close ot the meeting, Lad) eale \\ as thanked f I her hospitality. l'LnlO ·Ill. Decl'mbl'j' 2,'th was an important date for mc mbers of the ;'\ursing Di\i!>ion!> in tlli::; cit) ,\ ill pre\ ious years, the Central IIospital was entirely <;'c tfreu from I) p.l11. until 1.45 a.l11. by ollicer and member l)' the 't. J ohn ~ ursing- i)i\ i inl1 there, on the occasion of t1 ,\l atron' dinner and uanel! to the Iw"pital tan', doctors alld supporter::;. In making IH:r application for this heir from the III 'll1her!:t of the ;'\ursil1g Di\ isions, the \latron slated that "it was such a treat for the sta:" to be able to enjoy one l cning- tot:'ether, knowing that the patients were in such \Lry capable hands." uch a tri\Juk is encouraging and pnnes that the St. Juh n nu r es ha \ l. proved themse" es \' 1') Ilicicn lin the pc t. ')1. '1110:\1 \S'S 11 051'1To\1.. l)ne of the oldest hospitals ir. t hL: Kingdl)I11 as an asylum wl1Lre all ick poor could be i' L it L'd is 'l. Thomas's IInspital, which now stands on the sout h side of the Thame:, oppo~il the IIou::;e!> of Parlia-

111 nl.

But thi . hopital h.t" only occupied it prescnt splendid p iLion for a cL)l11parati\ ely short period of its history. .\bout 1213, Richard Pri or, of Bermondscy, founded, close b: ' 1. l\Iary O\l~r), ~l)uthwark, an almer} or hospital for C01wert and boy , which \\'ct!> dedicated to t. Thomas the ~la rt) r. .\ fe\\: ) l'ars lett r the ho pital was a igned to the use of the poor, whilc in 122» it \\'a tran ferred from tI land beJont:'ing to the Prior.~ of l. 1ar} vcry to that 0 1 he ;\rchdeacon of L1rrey. The institution g-radually fell into decay, and was only s, cd through the timely intervcntion of Bishop Ridley, \I 1, in a sermon preached before King Eeward VI in 1552, to.1chcd the bene\'olent heart of his So\·ereign. U ncler the r ing's patronag , and with thc linancial hel p of the citizens of London, the old hospital was purchased, rcpaired and enlarged, and again opened for the reception of the sick 11(",)r, Once more St. Thomas's thrived, having received its ell trtcr of incorporation from Edward VI. But financial di ffi culties soon arose, and seven years later it was so poor th at the lease was pawned for £50. .\gain, ho\,vever, ::'U pport was obtaincd, and the hospital went on with its cha rilable work. Towards the end of the seventeenth century the building hall again fallen into decay, this time so badly that a public su bscription was raised in order to rebuild and enlarge it, Th first stone of the new building was laid in 1692 by Sir John Fleet, the then Lord l\layor of London, although the Work was not completed until some 40 years later.

A I D. In the new building provision \vas made for 20 wards, containing in all 485 beds. Each ward was under the care of a sister or female superintendent, who had two or three nurses to assist her. There were also a theatre, surgery and mortuary. t. Thomas's continued Lo attend to the needs of the poor in Southwark unlil thc coming of the rail\\'ay. The bite of the hospital was needed for this ncw system of transport. The hospital authorities wert; ready to part with it at a price, providing they could obtain new accommodation. They accepted £300,000 to \'acate the old premises, and while seeking a new site, accommodated patients and staff in the music hall which stood in the midst of what was once the urrey Zoological Gardens at Kennington . .\t this time the southern Thames Embankment was being made, and a considerable part of the slimy foreshore of the river opposite the Houses of Parliament was beingrellaimeu. St. Thomas's Hospital authorities, who were anxious to buy land on the south side of the river, and in the midst of a poor neighbourhocd, in order to build their ne"w hospital, decided that the reclaimed land was just the site for which they were seeking, and quickly decided to purchase about 8~ acres of it. This cost them £100,000, and on it they e;ected the present hospital known as St. Thomas's. Items (Didsional news and competition!', social, interesting duties, lectures, etc.), for this page shonld be sent to Ambulance SiSler, c/o The Editor, FIRST Am, 46, Cannon St" London, E,C.4.

J\mbulance News euttings from the ~ess. The Edilor invites Readers to send newspaper cuttings on matte r of general interest for inclusion in this column,

NECK BROKE~ BY F ALLI:--'G DYNA:lIITE. Fellow-workmen Oed in all directions as John Austin, aet 32, lipped and dropped a hea\"y box of dynanlite he was loading in a barge at New Albany, Indiana. The dynamite did not explode, but the box fell on Austin's neck and broke it, causing his death.-Da£ry Express. DEATll CAU ED BY POCKET-KNIFE, Climbing O\'er a fence with an open pocket-knife in his hand, yesterday, If. Samuel Kerry, aet 70, for forty-two years head gardener at Falkbourne Hall, Essex, and a wcll-known horticultural judge, slipped and the knife enter d his chest. He pulled it out and \Vas able to walk with assistance for a con iderable distance before he collap ed. \\ hen he was placed on a tretcher, he urged the men to hurry, as he said he felt that he was dying and he wanted to see hi wife. He was able to recognise his \\"ife shortly before he died. -Dat'ry Telegrapll, SHRAPNEL EMBEDDED r J THROAT. A piece of shrapnel which entered the body of Daniel Towers, of Sheffield, below his left shoulder when he was serving in France seventeen years ago, has just emerged from his throat. He did not know that he had retained the shrapnel, as left the hospital during the war to rejoin his regiment, cur d. Recently he had bcen ill, and when a lump formed in the throat he thought th..1t he had an abscess, but from this lump a jagged piece of shrapnel was drawn.-il£ornz'1lg AdverHser,

FIRST

1 8

~uerie s

and ;\nswers eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules:1. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4. 2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cu from the current issue at the] ()umal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue. 3. -The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this column is the 38th 1I928) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.

TREADIENT OF FROST BITE. L.D. (Ca\'endish).-In a French book of Travels in Iceland, Camphorated Alcohol is named as suitable for friction in the treatment of Frost Bite. Is thi r ecognised? X ot for ca es treated under the authority of the St. John Ambulance Association.-r\. COimET FLETCllER.

E~.\:-'IlNATION

Good!

the substance must be capable of destroying life by its own inherent qualities an d without acting mechanically. Secondly, the definition omits reference to those ubstance (uch a I)' 01), which, applied act ua ll y to the body, may injure tissue and destroy life, and are very dell nitel), poison. Th irdly, the definition would be improved if it read "any- solid, liquid, or gaseous-sub tanc ."_ N.C.F.

EWER GAS, G.C. (Bristol) -As I alll working in conne tion with drain and sewer, I am interc ted in what is known as "sewer-gas." 1 hall be grateful, therefore, if you will tell me what this gas is and what are the ign and symptoms and treatment of its poisonous effect There i ' no specific ewer-ga ; and the term i appliec generally to the contaminated air in sew r. Porter':Elements 0/ H)'gz'ene and Publt'c Healtlz tate : "Though it may contain Sulphuretted Hydrogen sewer-gas differ little in compo ition from the outside ail , particularly when taken from well-ventilated and properh constructed ewers; and, except when ulphureUed Hydrogen is present, se\\'er-~as is generally odourle s. N.C.F.

TREATlIIENT OF FRA TURED

HOWLER.

D.S. (East London). - In a recent examination a can didate was asked to detail the treatment for a patient suffering from Bleeding from : ose. He got off the lilws at the outset because he commenced his ans\\'er by saying : " I would/irst loosen patient's neck.l" :\ext, please! !-, .C.F.

:\:-'lBl:L,\NCE SISTER'S SATCIlEL.

L. D. (Cavendish).- Please tell me what are the proper contents of the satchel which S.J .A. B. Ambulance Sisters carry. There is no official list of contents of the Satchel. Ambulance Sisters Raing on public duty are expected to carry " light equipment," which lerm is differently translated in different ~ursing Divisions.-N.C.F.

Janua ry , 1934.

AID.

PI 'E.

E.A, (Crawley).-At a recent team practice the te t wa or. in which the patient was lying in a prone po ition ant. on examination a Fractured Spine \Va disco\'e red, A board 6 ft. b\' 2 ft. wa available for r mo\'al of th e patient; and ~ur captain decided to di pen e with th bandages under head, houlder blade, bUllock, thigh , and cah'es, tied to pole for lifting, and to " slowly an e\'enly roll" the patient straight on to the board afte r covering it 'with a blanket. Of cour e, being ohedien t, we did as we were in tructed ; but after th comp titio test the usual discussion took place. ome mem ber of the team agreed with the captain, and 0111 di 'i agreed. His reason was to sa\'e time for treatment of the minor injuries in the test. Tho e who did no t agree said that it was going again t " JIll' FirsL ,1 idt rs' Bible" and that it would not be easy to remo\'c th e patient from the board on arri,'al at ho pital. _\t present the members of our team are at loggerhead ' over the matter. So will you plea e settle the di pu t for us so that one side or the other can say" I fold you

so.l "

DEFINITION OF POISON.

vV.R. (Ynysddu).-The definition of a "poison" in the Textbook tells us that a "poison" is any substance which, when taken into the body in sufficient quantity, is capable of destroying life. This definition seems yery misleading; and I have heard some g-o so far as to say that if a person drank a sufficient quantity of water, it would be a poison according to the Textbook. The definition of a " poison" is as difficult as the tabulation of poisons, since neither can be absolutely concise or criticism-proof; and we have to accept an approximate statement of facts. Thus, po\-vdered g-Iass and steel filings, taken by mouth, may do harm to the body by their mechanical action, but they are not classified as poisons; nor is boiling water regarded as a poison. The T extbook definition, however, fails in certain respects . First, the defin1tion fails to emphasise that

On your statement of facts I find no justification fa your captain's action in disobeying the Textbook whic h clearly states that, the patient having been" slowly anc evenly" rolled on to his back, bandages are to be placed under head, shoulder bones, buttocks, thigh and calves , and then free ends tied to two poles, one on each side. On a properly prepared detailed marking sheet he would IJa \ t. lost all the marks allotted to th is step in treatmen t. N. C. F.

SILYESTER'S l\1ETHOD. G.c. (Bristol).-I have always been taught that w h en doin g Silvester's Method of Artificial Respiration the patien t's arms should be brought along the ground to a position above the head and then brought up over the body and down upon the chest; but a friend stated the other d ay that the arms should be bro ught to a point above the head on the ground and then ret u rned a long the ground

FIR S T

Jauuary , 1934.

to the side of the patient and then brought up over the body and pressed down upon the chest. As t h e T extbook does not make this point too clear I shou ld li ke to have a ruling on the matter. Both of you eem Lo have mi sed the point. Si lvester's thad owes its usefulness to the fact that by pu lling the patient's upper limbs in a wceping mo\' ll1ent, the barrel of the ches t is enlnrg-cd, In other word, a sweeping movemcnt i c cntial to ilveste r' Method. To me the description in the Textbook i good, except th at it uses the word" arm " where it rcally means" uppe r lim bs." The upper limbs, therefore, are drawn OUT-out\\arcls, then upwards, then towards operator who continues t',is rart of the sweeping movement unti l he pre ses the p,l tient's elbow on the ground immediately abo\'e the patient's h ad By thi means inspiration i reproduced. Expirat ion follow when the operator complete the weep o' the upper limbs and bring them forward, downward and inward ,) n tn patient's chc t.-X.C.F. ~I

A I D.

189

side, I shall be pleased to know the method which you favour for slipping a blanket under a patient who lies on the ground suffering from Fracture of Spine or Pelvis, and who requires this to be done as part of our method of removal. The patient is not wearing a coat and the surface of the ground is irregular, as is usually found round buildings in course of erection . As your Handbook forbids you to roll patient in any circumstances, you must slip the blanket slowly, evenly and gently under patient from heat to foot or vice versa, whichever proves the better and easier way. In cases of grave diffic ul ty, you could, of course, adopt the St. J ohn plan (Textbook pp . 62 and 63), and make an improvised stretcher with two poles and five triangular bandages . - N. C. F.

SUDDEN Loss OF PO\vER OF LEGS.

P. B. (Victoria). - Recentlywe discussed the causes of sudden loss ot power of both legs, and as we could not agree we submit our question for your kind decision.

IIlJ\IOl'HS OF

FIR T .-\ID.

C. G. (Edgware).- IIa\'c )'oueen thi "n \.t, plea c" ~ It wa ... reI entl) puhlishl'd in the London E7.,t'Il/lIg .\'( ws alllong the example of Cockney \\'it ; and it made me ... mile, espelially since the fIrst aidcr was in point of fact l-LU \ ears too late : .\ ... kelcton \\ as Jug up recent!) ; and, after being eXtll1linL'd subscqu ntl)', it wa found to be that of a warrior huried about \. n. SOO Th' new oon spread nnd, a ... expectcd, there \\'cr~ Illan} sight-s er , amongthem heing a 'l. John .\I1lbulance man with full kit. A. he drew near he \\ as greeted by a '0 'kney \'oice from the l' rl)\\'J \\-ith : .. iilll/o, lIla/(, "ood o../."Oll to COIllt>, bllt )'(1/{' J't' jllst too lat( ."

:\. '. F.

J.e. (Bristol). - I ha\e al\\ay, under tood that it i

\'ery Iodine, to be effecti\'e, should reach \'ery part of a \\'oun d, anJ that it - u e ",ith Punctured \Vound i... not to be recommended to all and undr), becau e of the difTiculty of ensuring that it ha reached all part, and that no germ ar boxed in tile wound behind it. If thi i 0, why doe the Textbook recommend the apr lication of Iodine in .:ases of Stings of Plants and Insect ? nl!cc~!>ary that

The Textbook (Rule 9, p. 96) tells you to apply (that is, pamt) Iodine" all over the wound and the surroundinO' skin." It., app lication with Punctured vVounds, i therefore, di rected again t germ which may be present on the surround ing skin and carried th nce into the \vound.-N.C. F.

TREAl'l\lENT OF FRACTURED SPINE OR PEL\'1 .

w. Y. (Eclinburgh). - The review of t h e First Aid Handbook of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association published in thc September issue of FI RST AID coinci d es with the gene ral opinion here. Train ing has commenced under the revi ed and instructors find it difficu lt to forget the old edition. In the absence of instructions in t he Sl. An d rew's Handbook except that patient m ust not be roll ed on h is

Sudden loss of power of both legs may be caused by evere injuries to head and spine, and by fractures of peh'is, of both thigh and of both legs.-N. C. F .

TREAnlENT OF FRACTURED SPINE . \\'. 1. (CeIn Coed). - I read in your H7 hy ar.d TV/zen/ore in First Az'd, with reference to Fractured Spine, that in all ca es the object of first aid is prevention of further injury, and that if a patient i found lying on his face he should be remO\'ed in this po ition, lest in turning him on his back we displa..:e the fragment, injure the spinal cord, and also increase the difficulties of expert examination . TOW I firmly believe that your advice is sound and that the course of action suggested by you is best. N"evertheless, the Textbook tells us to commence our treatment by rolling patient on to his !Jack, with which in truction I disagree. The members of my Division, however, maintain that the instructions of the Textbook I1lU t be followeJ. In these circum tances, I shall be obliged if you will tell me which is the correct method of procedure.

If you are rendering fir t aid under the authority of the t. John Ambulance Association or Brigade, then you must follow strictly the treatment laid down in the Textbook, \\'hich is your official book of instructions and differ from my book, in that the latter I set out my personal opinions and suggestions. - N. C. F.

THANSPORT OF FRACTURED PEL\·IS. E . T. (Wil lows).-vVe ha\'e had se\'e ral discussions in our c1ac:;s regarding the correct lift for Fractured Pelyis. Up to the 37th Edition of tJle Textbook we have always been advised to treal as for Fractu red Spine before lifting on to stretcher. This is not mentioned in the 38th Ed it ion; and \-ve wonde r if we sho u ld now omit thi step in our treatment. Yes. Further experience has shown that it i necessary. N. C. F.

not

Does your colleague read FIRST AID, if not, send us his address and we will post him a copy.

FIRST

190

Sritish ~ed eross News. T he R(;:d ro Ball, in aid of the Society's linie for the tr atment of Rheumatism, was held at the Dorchester H otel, London, on December 1-1-th. L3.dy Ca tlereagh, the Chairman of the Hall Committee, recei"ed th~ gue t , whilst a numher of V.A.D.'s sold programmes. The Duke and Duchess of York and the Duke and Duche s of Brabant (the Cro\\'n Prince and Princess of Belgium) honoured the event " 'ith their presence, and there \\'a a very large company, which included many County repre entatiYes of the Red Cross. . \.fter supper a cabaret was held at which l\liss Gertrude L,t\\Tencc contributed an apt and amusilig physiological ditty. 1\1r. Le lie Hen on auctioned a ca e of ",hi key and a blank com'as by ?IIi Olive Sllell and a tableau designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens depicted the R ed Cross in peace and war, the pirit of the Red Cross being represented by Lady Diana Du ff Cooper.

A 10.

January, 1934.

EQUIP YOUR CLASS WITH OUR SPECIAL SET OF PRACTICE

SPLINTS and

BANDACES.

Comprising: Three Upper Arm; Two Forearm; One Patella; One Thigh; Two Leg; One Foot; and One Tourniquet Stick;1.together with 12 Triangular Bandages. PER SET

1O/~

5 pi i n ts can be pu rchased separate at 6 /- per set, post free. Special Quotations for Quantities.

NOW. TESTIMONIAl. - One purchaser writes: "Splints and Bandages safely to hand. They exceed, by far. my expectations. and are IDEALLY EFFICIENT for the work. At the price they are a REAL BARGAIN and I shall certainly recommend them to my friends . . . . . "-E . T.

UNSOLICITED

EMERY JOINERY

WORKS.

13, GREEK STREET,

co . ,

NURSES

COATS,

SPECIALITY.

THORNTON

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

co.,

24, Commerolal St., BRIGHOUSE, YORKS.

THE ST. JOHN At\\BULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT, BY

CORBET FLETCHER, M A., M.B

M.R.C.S

"As a work of reference, the book will be ex(remely u efu l and should be in the library of al l ambulance \vorker . "-FIRST AID.

Price, 3/6; post tree, 4/ ~ . THE

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION , St. John's Gate, LON DON, E. C. r.

T ~IFORMS

& ] ~O"" l I PNll~\]

Binding Copies of "F. A."

Send your copies for the last Volume (J ul y, 1932, to June, 1933) and we will return sam e bound in an attractive case of leather cloth, wit ll the title of the publication in gold letters on th \" front and side and the eight pointed cross on fron t for 6s., post free. Complete Volumes can be supplied at 95 , post free. Binding Cases only, 25. 9d. post free. Orders should be sent to DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD. , 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4.

•

"THE PLUMBER « JOURNAL OF HEATIN G," monthly) is THB paper for all progressive trad es .. men -Publishing Office: ,46, Cannon Street E.C.4·

18.

Post free , III. :Jd.

l niform Clothing & Equipment Co ., 10 & 11,

EFFIOIIE:NOY

Telegrams : "U niquip, London."

Telephones: Clerken well 6682, 5226.

AMBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE, By F. C. BOrrOMLEY, M.D. A booklet to aid those interested in Ambulance and Stretcher Work.

Price 2d. each, post tree. .. Plrst Aid," -46, Cannon Street, London, E C 4.

.. FIRST AID " QUERY and REPLIE~ COUPON. To ,,~ cut out and enclos~d with all Que"es

JAN, 1934·

FIRaT-AID.

Post free , n. ad.

"II.II. "D'

Third Edition.

Problema Ie IItady,

aDa BIImlnaUolii .Olled lor Sealor IItadeal8 " Wlzh""t ao"bI llu hoo" wi/lb, 01 tr.at UOf)ic_ i" llu trai"i"K' 0/ t"ou /0" w;'o", it il du il ",d, "-BRITISR MEDI CAL JOURNAL.

CQMMON

ERRORS

FIRST-AID.

Second Editon. Post frce, IS . 2d. B,rurlI In rlrSl.Ald Dotallel1 ana explained • '1 his oook lif)1I a el,tJlr,y ;Ilsicl,t i"to tlu ""tlwds a1ld di/licNlti61 OJ ,,,,,rK', .. e,. t",at"""t b" lay""" tha" llu ol7icial T,.rfbook its,I/."-LANcET.

COMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcher, Individual and Question-Six Folders). Price 6d. each net, post, ltd Each Folder contains special article on Competitions: -No. I, Training 01 Competition Teams; No.2, Conduct of Team in Competition Room; No. 3, Common Errors In Competition; NO.4, Further Errors In Treatment; No. S, History of Competiti on Tests; No.6 , Preparation o( Tests.

WHY

AND

WHEREFORE

FIRST-AID.

Price II . ~d .. post free

Fifth Edition.

DllllcaitiOi IB Stady Bad Treatlllont lol,od by Qa8ltloa aad Aa.wor. "W, co",,,.,,.d '''1,60011 to L,ctwr'rl a"d Stwd".i, wh(l will Ii"d it (1/ £'Y6at In·vi_,. "-FIliST AID.

HINT.

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLI£a.

Post (rOle, 8d.

Orderly Dutlea Simplified aoll Tabulated , wltll Aldl to .olllory. A HCOJt co ... /lacf b""f>rlr ...·, . . co,.la:,u _"ch wu/wl ;"/o,.",tJltiO,, . "-PliESCllIBR

FIRIIT AID.

lllustrated by So diagrams In Colours with Explanatol1' Letterpress. By Sir JAMBS CANTLIE, K.B .E., LL. D. , M.A. , M. B . C. M., F . R .C . S., D . P.H .R . C. P. 7!d. net; post free .

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES. Mounted on Canvas, Roller top and bottom. 25.5 net each. Post, IS. 1. Human Skeleton I (ront view. 2. Muscles, front view. 3. Human Skeleton back view Muscles, back view. s· The Heart and principal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of t e Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (B). 8. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (D). 10. The Nervons System. II. Schematic diagram of Circulation 12. The Hnman Ear. 13 The Human Eye. q. Median Section through Skin IS . Median ~..,ctlor through H eao .

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. Male, 801. net.

Female, 801. net.

\Vi th Foetus, 851 . net.

Carriage 28.

A book that Is sellIng by the hundrpd

ACCIDENTS AND

EMERGENCIES.

Their Signs, Symptoms and "First AId" Treatment;. An Ideal Memorizer Quick Reference. By A. T . GOODING . With Preface by WrLl . rA~1 LecK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN N ICOLSON, M.A .• M.B., Ch.B Glas. I • . 2d . net post free.

By J. M. CA~VBLL. M.~.C . •. BIl. FIR_T AID IN FEW WORDII. (2ooth thonsand, Revised.

With Coloured Diagrams.

NURSINa

12pp.

q pp.

BANDABING 12

Stroug paptT ::d . h' ~1 , d. (56th thousand) Reviser' Strong paper, 2d. Post Id.

Clotb,6d.

FEW WDRDII.

With useful reference tables.

CLERKENWELL GREEN, LONDON, E.C.!.

Price I •• ~d., post free.

')6

HOME

LTD ,

HOME.NUR.INQ.

Third Edition.

AMBULANCE

PLEASE SEND FOR PRICE LISTS.

KEEP your Copies of FIRST AID clean and tidy-have them bound.

AIDa

Send P. C. jor Price List and Sel/·measurement Forms.

B.\R

106, Doncaster-road, Goldlhorp , near Rothl'ri1al11.

FIRaT-AID.

All Uniform. cut to Customer's own measu ~ ements

.\:\D :\BORO' GOLDTHORPE S.J.A.B. - The" O,\R" Challenge

DI\'1 10 up Compctiti I will be held at Goldthorpe on aturda), 24th Fl!brua r~, 193-1-. Particulars from Corps crgt.-:\lajor R. :\1. JIargra w,

Seventh Edition.

Hlme-Naralag 81mplllied and 'lab alated, wit. A1dl tl .ellliry. , Tlt.il booil wOlltUrlwll~ li",pli/fll a co",pl,.r Iwbilet a"d Ilwwld "",ad 011 all It,lfu"tl ."-L. A: N.W. Rv. GAZRTTB.

LONDON, W.I.

ENQUIRIES SOLICITED FOR PORTABLE FIRST AID HUTS, &c. DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES FREE. ON APPLICATION .

The annual dinner of the Griff Colliery Amb ulanoe Division and R escue Brigade was held at the Griff Colliery Institu te on D ecember 16th. Mr. F. Pavey Harper presided and presented the annual awards.

AIDS

Regulation-Right! Quality-Right! Price - Right

Selected Wood, Free from Knots, Rou nded Corners.

Ideal for Class Work . Send for you r Set

MANUALS OF FIRST-AJD, &B~_ By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M. B., B.C., M.A.(Cantab), M.R.C,S. Plnt·Ald Si mpllllc;1l aDd 'abalated, wltb Ald. to .elllory, C(ll. Sir /a",u (attllre c ,,./.-ibw/61 all ill/rodwctioll tJI"d W6 6"dorl6 "is r(lOd O~I7HO" oj ~Iu book "-LANCllT.

TKLEPHON&: BRIGIiOUSE 290.

. -\t . the County Directors' Conference held on December 7th, the returns of Red Cro s Day collections were presented and sho\yed a gratifying increese, 37 counties taking part as against 29 the preyious year. In spite of bad times the receipts also showed a substantial increase.

BROADSTAIRS.- The t1rst annual dinner of the Broadstairs and St. Peter's Detachment, Kent County Branch, B. R. C. S., was held at the \Vilmot Hotel, Broadstairs. Lt.Col. S. P. Layborn (a vice-president of the Kent County Branch) presided, and was supported by the Hon. Commandant (Councillor H. Bing), Commandant J . C. Bell, Supt. H. \Villey (Ramsgate Division, S.J.A.B.), Chief Officer B. J. Garraway (~largate Ambulance Corps), Councillors T. Pemble, J. P., \V. Hemstead and E. K. Minter. An excellent menu was sen'ed by the bast, VV. G. \Veeks, and the toast list was interspersed with musical and vocal numbers. The toast of the evening, The Broadstairs an d St. Peter's Detachment," was proposed by Councillor B. J. Pearson (chairman Broadstairs and St. Peter's U.D .C.), who said that the members of the Council and the resident appreciated the public sen'ice rendered by members of the Corps. In connection with the marked success of the Corps, he wished to mention the names of Mr. Bell, Lt.-Col. Layborn, Dr. Hugh Raven and Councillor Bing. Last year the Corps attended 226 cases, 36 accidents, an d 4,000 miles were covered by the ambulance. Commandant Bell replied, thanking Councillor Pearson for his remarks . The Corps comprised a fine body of hard workers who were willing and anxious to do their duties efficientl \. and without reward. Cou~cillor N. Bing proposed 'c The Visitors and H ost," which was responded to by Supt. Willey and Chief O fficer B. J. Garraway, both of whom referred to the good comradeship between the Th anet Corps. Dr. E. Palmer also spoke in eulogistic terms of the Corps and its excellent public service j and Councillors Pe mble H emstead and Minter spoke in similar terms.

POST FREE

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRICADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

DIABRAMII.

PP.-72 bandaging diagrams. with notes.

Strong paper, 2d .

Post yd.

HEALTH IN FEW WDRDII. B,. Sir ~. H , FI~TH, D.P." P. R C.S. 20th Thousand. Paper folder 3 In . and 4 It.. Post free 3d. oet. By HOWA~D M. P~BSTOft . D,mo"ltYalOr ID th, Polyt"",.ie. THE TRIANGULAR BANDAaE: Price Is. net; postage, zd Its Application Accurately Described by Words and lIO Diagrams. THE ROLLER BAN DAaE. Prloe 1.5, net; postage, 2d. lis Application Accuratelv Described by Words and 102 Diagrams .

FIRST-AID ANATOMIGAL DIAIIRA ••• 13 (I to lund 1.4) on Roll No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Orga ns r / 2 THE GOMPLETE MANIKIN. Price 211. net; postage 4d

Post free, 3 •. 9d. net.

Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of AnatoID} Medicine, First-Aid and Allied Subjects.

THE WHOLE ART OF BA .. DAIII .... TIIBItLA BOW.BR. Illustrated. Post free, II. 2d

POGKET FIRST AID SERlE •• By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM. C.B., C.M.O .. C.I.B •• 0.1.0 .. M.1l (I) Poisoning , (2) Haemorrhage, (3) Insensibility) (4) Asphyxia (Suspended Br~at 0 lng), (S) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, t 6) Wounds, Biles Bnrns, Scald!

Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series contains all the essent aIs of First Aid Printed on lIuen-Hued cards, 31 In. X 51 In. Third Edition. 6d. ne eTch postage 2d extra, AIDB TO MEMORY ~OR FIRST AID BTUDENT8 AND NURSES VBRNON NBWTON. M.R C •• (Bnr) 9d. net. Pest JOH'"

B_LE,

SONS

O-NIELSSON.

83-91, Great Tltchflel(l Street London

Ltd.

W f

! HobsonlkSons (London) Ltd.),

FIRST AID

J. A. WYLIE & CO .• Who/•••' . ",.k.r. 01

Manl!jacturer8 of Uniform8, Headdresses, Accoutrements for

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE.

AND

TROUSERSPrivates- 13/9 per pair. LIMITED QUANTITY ONLY. Patterns &. Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

No. 476.-VoL. XL.

TROPHIES

SPECIAL OFFER of

All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

MEDALS, BADGES suitable for II

NOTICE

FIRST AID"

AMBULANCE AND 80CIETIE8.

CORP

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I. Phone-1:Iop 0680 & 7065.

No. 11-

Broo1:e, 3/- I Sliver, .. /6; Sliver, Oold Centre, 6/9

O"iginal Designs and Quotattons post free.

Wholesale Prl08s to all U FIRST AID" SOCIETIEI .

HOLBORN

VIADUCT,

E.C.

Telephone-0840 CltV.

CONTENTS

SURCIOAL

EQUIPMENT.

"STERAID ' (Regd.) series ot absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dressings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers only the quantity of gauze or lint required; after cutting this off, rotate the Container in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from exposure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded the Certificate 0/ the Institute of Hygiene.) All QUARANTEED

Dressin~s

BRITISH

are of MANUFAOTURE.

.. SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for receiving soiled dressings, sanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing in any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring, without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST-AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements. SEND FOR PRICE LISTS:-

~OBE~T BAILEY & SON, Ltd. MARRIOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIE.TY

ST. JOH AMBULAN E BRIGADE

UNIFORMS DIRECT FROM OUR FACTORY Qualtty Materiab, Correct Details,

•

We have had 50 yetrs ~~p.e:ience in Il, '1klOg 0 lVniforms.

••

SAMPLES and: PRICES

49, Hardman Streel, • LIVERPOOL. 1

15, Red Lion Square, LONDON, V\.C I .

Phone: Royal 299~.

Phone: Chancery 86 .. 6.

NUMBER .

E DITORIAL-

\rnhul.ulC(, and Trame Lig-hh John .\mbulancc .\ ':>lKiation TI IIospitallcrs' Illb .. Fcurt h ] ntcrnational ~ong-rcss for Life-. a\ iJl~' and Fir.;,L .\id in 'ast;s of \ccident<; T\ in Cause Fe'l'r (\ l \lembers of the Fir -t .\id Fami,," S \. Brigade District Reports ' PI 1\ for \\'alc Pc .. Ambulance News ... R~ way Ambulance N e'\.\· II lan Body Like cl ~l illl! Ol, Cross w~rd Puzzle ... C\l 'll110n ~listakes in First .\icl Le e rs to the Editor COt li ng- E,'ent ... Le( Irc in First .-\icl Th parl<l~t" PockeL Resuscitator" Ou Nurses'Pages

1q3

1<)4 194 lY4 J95

197 198 203 204 207 208 209 200 210 211 211 212 213

QL RI ES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

III I'

.I II

(1 elep/ume : Stockport 2794 and 4166)

and at 137. Sentinel House. Southampton Row, London.

THIS

• Perfect, f:·

WRITE FOk DESIGNS,

w.e.1.

Printed and l'ublisheu by DALE, REYNOLDS & Co., L td., 46, Cannon-street, Lond0n, E.C.4, to whom alHcommunications should be addressed I 7 elegrams --" Twenty-four, London." Telephone - City 37 IO. !<? be haq qf ~l Newsal';ents,Boo~sellers and Bookstalls in the TJuited Kin~dom and at all Railway Bookst~lls of ~essrs. W . Ii S~ith " and Sons 1

Water-Gn' .\ phyxia .. , Examination Howler freatment of prainecl ,\nldc 'l'ut-of-6~~)rs Picric \cid Gauze for Burns TreaLment of praincd i\nkl e i~doors ::: Silvester's Method of Artificial Respiration Treatment of Sp"ained Ankle Indoors ,. Infect iou s Diseases ... ... ." Treatment of Compound Fracture of LegHumours of First Aid Conduct of Competitions Brigade Efficiency ... All1?ulance News Cuttings from the Press Re\ lews ... ... ..'

PRICE THI{ EE PENC E [3/6 FER ANNUM, POST FRIIE

EDITORIAL.

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD" 46, CANNO:-l STREKT, LONDON, E.C.4. Tdegraphic AddrlSS-" TWe1lly-four, London." Tdll'honl- City 3710.

London Showroom-

Entered at ] [ Stationers' Hall

T he

Its aim and object being the advancement of Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes sugg estions for Practical Papers. All Reports, &c.) should be addressed to the Editor at the ad ress below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, an must be accompanied (not 1lecessan'/y jor f>ubtication) by the nll Ie and address of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications c nected with F I RST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers,

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL

62, North of England Office: 22, YORK PLACE, LEEDS.

READERS.

F RST AID is published on the 20th of each month. A nual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Contracton to H.M. Ministry 01 Munitions, Russian Government, &c

ADDRESS-

FEBRUARY, 1934.

216 216 21b 216 216 216 216 217 217 217 217 217

217 21R

' lJOL' LD ambulance drivers obey trafhc signals ,vhile proceeding .\:\ID TR ,\FFI to an accident or to the hospital LIClIT<". with a patient? Th is question was raised recently when a L.C.C. ambulance driver was summoned at Clerkenwell for over-ru nning traffic I ights. The driver stated that if a bad case is bei ng carried, and there is a clear road, the signals are ignored . According to an official of the t. John Am bulance Association, however, traffic signals are obeyed by the Association's drivers unless a pol ice constable gi ves them perm ission to pass. Onc cannot understand the conflicting views expressed by those in authority on this vexed question. The ambulance is, when proceeding to a call or when carrying a patient to hospital, on a jOli rney of mercy, and as such we consider that a right of way hould be extended to drivers in the SClme ,,'ay as that given to the drivers of fire engines. Thi would, of necessity, raise the question of the use of Bel Is as a means of warn i ng other traffic of the approach of an am bulance , and specific regulations would have to be laid down that o.nly ambulan~es answering a call or carrying a patlen t to hospital be allowed the us e of bell road warnings. On all other occasions the usual hooter or horn warnings, as equipped on general motor traffic, would be used. I'his arran bCJe men t . .. IS SimIlar to that carried out by dri"ers of fire engines, who, when returning from a fire or ca ll , come under the ordinary road traffic signals. Vie commend this scheme to the authorities concerned to be of benefit to am bu lance drivers and the general public, as it would do away with the vexed question of the right of way or the no right of \Va" for ambulances whilst on actua l sen'i ce.

A~IIH'LA:,\" 'EC;

194-

FIRST

St. John J\mbulance J\ssociation. BRISTOL CENTRE. - The fifty-thit-d annual report wa presented at the meeting of member held on January 1 tho The number of classes held during the year was 40, same being compr! ed a f01l0\\':3 :-27 first aid (13 male and 14 female) and 13 home nur ing (1 male and 12 female) ; in addition 30 men connected with the l ercantile larine passed in first aid. Th e classes were com posed as follo\\'s: Ladie. ' School. , 7; l\1.V.T.C., 3; City Police, 1 ; Education COl11l1littee,th; Docks, J; Brigade, 4 ; Association,S; l ' ncmplo\ d, 1. Th e nu-nber of succe. sful candidates \\'a 4R2; bSb sat for the series of lecture. If the\' did not all sit for examination, those who did not are the 'better for the fact that they Ii . tened to the lectures. A number of new members has been introduced into the \'ariou divisions of the City of Bristol Corps of the Brigade. The Port of Bristol Authority employees are exceedingly keen on ambulance \\'ork, The principals of many of the works and factorie., in and around Bristol, are taking greater interest in ambulance \\"ork; numbers of men frolll the \'arious factories are passing- out efficient. R eference was also mad e of the annual stretcher COI11petition, held in July last, at which some excellent work was witnessed. During the past year the Centre lost, through death, Drs. C. H. Durnford, J. S. lather and J. S. Griffiths, also l\lessrs. H. Collard and A. C. Price. These gentlemen de voted many years to the ambulance cause. OTLEY CENTRE. - A successful year was reported at the annual meeting held on January 30th. l\lr. F. Bellerby presided in the absence of Capt. \,"\T. S. Dawson. Mr. F. E. Somerton presented the secretary's report. Dutie's had been done by members of the Brigade at numerous functions. In examinations and competitions the Centre had been very successful. Thirteen certificates for home nursing had been gained by the Nursing Division, whilst the Ambulance Division, who also took the course, obtaihed six certificates, four certificates were gained by Cadets for flrst aid. In competitions, no fewer than four rose bowls had been won by members of the Nursing Di\'ision, two second places had been obtained and one third. The Wharfedale ambulance shield for ambulance teams was won by Otley " A," and Otley" B )) team were awarded second place. Mr. Somerton also referred to three members who are to ha\'e t he honour of Sen'ing Broth ers of the Order bestowed on th e m. These are Messrs. A. Jowett, C. Cook and H. Clayton . The total service, he said, "vas 115 years . The Rccounts for the year were of a satisfactory nature. SION CENTRE. - Recently the Sion Centre (Bombay) issued an appeal to schools, public societies and workshops to enrol their members as first aiders . The appeal pointed out the necessity of having more persons qualified to render first aid owing to the increasing vehicle traffic. Classes of ihstruction, free of charge, are being held every Saturday and Sunday (for females and males), without distinction of caste or creed, and conducted by Dr. S. W. Patil, J.P. , M. B. E . Mr. R. D. lZhade is the secretary of the Cenlre, and he hopes that this appeal will greatly inCiease the number of persons holding first aid certificates in the district. H. R. H. The Duchess of York has graciously consented to present the awards al the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade Finals to be held on 1ay 25th at Hotel Great Central.

February, 1934.

A 10. Th~

Hospitallers' ClUb.

TIlE Annual Gen ral 1eeti t R was held on Friday, Jan ua y 19th, at the Bonnington Ho t I. Therc were 46 mem bers preser lt, i ncl udi ng nine past presiden t. . The election of M r. G. S. Pasco as the Pre ident for 1934 was unanimous. He will be supported by 1\lr. E. '.V. Ja kson, Vic -Pre ide t; A. E. Wells, Secretary; F. E. Stallard, Treasur r; A. Bowman, II. Langley-Jones, J. ' tanc.lingfo 'J , C . T. Fitch and Lt.- 01. F. . Brooks on t 1C Committee . The A uditors elected were :\Ie srs . J. Re l111 and C. Bower. The calling of the Roll brought to the m l1(1 of those present every member of th lub. It was agreed that the R -o ll call take pIa e a( e\'l .. \. Annual General ~Jeeting in the future. ' The Annual Dinner of the Club will be hLld at the Connaught Rooms on ~ atur lay, April ,2 1 t. A meeting was h ld at the ora Hotel ')11 Saturday, February 17th. The Lady Hospitall rs joined us on that occasion, and the film of Lhe Inspection of No.1 Di trict 1935, was shown by :\1 r. W. Horton.

Fourth International Congress fo Life-Saving and First Aid in Cases of Accidents. at openha "en from June 11 th to 16th, 193+, and is i ntende to provide a meeting ground for all who, either 1"0fessionally or otherwise are interested in first lid and life-savin g work or in the prevention of accidents. Governments, corporations, institutions 1nd societies of all countries interested in this "" a rk have been invited to send delegates to support he Congress. Lectures on subjects of genera l interest \ ,ill be delivered by prom inen t experts, and discussi ( ns on same will follow. Some of the subjects to be covered a re : Medical first aid in accidents; instruction of no nprofessionals in first aid; first aid and ambula nce work in towns, in the country, in land traffi c (railway, motor-car traffic, etc.), in air traft1c; rescue and ambulance work in mines and in dustries connected with same; life-saving at sea, etc . ; first aid and ambulance work in the fi re services, in mountains, in sport, and the pre ve n-

TIlE above Congress is to be held

FIR S T

Febr uary, 1934.

tion of accidents in direct connection to life-saving; an d first aid to the injured. Among those who will attend will be represen tatives of the British Red Cross Society and t he St. John Am bulance Association. orne readers wi II perhaps remem ber that on t he occasion of the Third Congress held at .1\ msterdam in 1926 a competition for teams in ftrs t aid work was held, and the representatives of the t. John Ambulance Association, namely, \ Taterloo A ( outhern Railway) team was suc\.. ss ful in gaining the premier award. This year, I J\Vev r, no such com petition is to be held.

Toxins Cause Fever.

By CAPT.

~OI{:\1

lZ \I~ cau~e l)i~ease.

:\L\IER, :\l.R.C.S.

They may enter the body

IJ way of a brea 11 in the skin, by way of the piratory 'y~te m, through the alimentary tract. llce in, they multiply. They may establish t e ms Iv s ill the ti'sues under the skin, in the ~ b tance of the lu ng, in O"lands in the region of t. c inte tin , in bones, in joints. They attack the ti '>ues of th part in which they have formed their c lo ny, and they manufa ture poisonous TOXI~, \I lIc h enter the irculation and 0 affect other p rt of the body. Certain definiteeffect , local and constitutional, a re produced by LL germs . orne germs, in a r dition, produce their o\\'n special and peculiar l e ts, through their toxins actina in a special \ ly or attacking certain organs or systems. uch a' ditional, special, peculiar, effects are described a I I ~pecific." Exam pIe i ncl ude the elective a ta ck of the poisons of Rheumatic Fever (Acute I he umatism) on the heart and joints, those of " ' arlet Fever on the heart and kid neys, those of h a bles on the nervous sy tern, those of Di phtheria 01 the heart, nervous system and kidneys, and SL. on . The general conddz'on of Fever caused by all g' rms by means of their toxins, plus tlze specific ('l/ecL of the particular (Tern'l , makes up a "Specific d sease" or " Specific fever," i.e.:1. Infection may lead to Fever, the Febrile S ,a te . 2. Specific Infection leads to Fever pi us Snec ific effect. Let us first deal with the gene ral, constitutional elCects com mon to all germ-i nfection--the general con dition of Fever, or "the Febrile State," which may result from a septic wound, from a whole lun g being invaded by pneumonia germs, or

AID.

195

be part of a "specific disease," such as Scarlatina, Rheumatic Fever, or Measles.

The Symptoms oj Fever (tlze Febrile State). Harmful toxins, produced by the germs, are carried by the circulation all over the body, to cause general constitutionrtl ill-effects, although the colony of germs which has made them may be strictI y localised to one part. All parts of the body are damaged by the toxins, with destruction of cell -substance and impairment of function. Symptoms include :A. Rz'se of Temperature .- The normal balance between heat-prod uction and heat-loss is upset by the toxins disturbing the proper working of the "heat-regulating centre" in the brain. (Compa re Compression of the Brain, in ,,'hich this centre is also disturbed, but by pressure instead of by poisons, and in which rise of body-temperature also occurs). All the tissues of the body are poisoned by the toxins, some of their cells being actually killed. The chemical changes resulting from this destruction evol ve heat, th us add i ng to the rise of bod ytern peratu reo . The skeletal muscles (the vol u ntary muscles) in particular, show loss of substance, thus accounting for the muscular weakness, and the wasting and emaciation, so noticeable in fever cas~s. The Respil"atz'ons get more rapid, the lungs trying to work overtime to purify the toxin-laden blood, and to get rid of heat. B. The Secreft'o1Zs of the BodJl.- The secreting glands do their work badly, partly because their working cells are doped by the toxins, and partly because they cannot get from the blood the full amount of water they need for their manufactures. Less sa li va is produced; the mouth gets dry and the tongue furred. The glands of the digestive system prod uce on I)' an i nadeq uate su ppl)' of digestive juices, and the patients po\\'er of dealing with his food suffers. Digestion is up t, and appetite fails. The skin becomes hot and dry, an 1 perspiration is not apparent. C. Constipation results from several factorsless bile, less intestinal juice, less water; the movements of the bowel-wall, which normally move the food mass along, are impaired by the toxins causing loss of tone and activity in its muscle-coat. D. The Kidneys are damaged by the toxins. The urine becomes scanty in amount, highly coloured and much concentrated (through containing the waste products of the destruction of tissue cells, carried to the kidneys by the circulation to be got rid of) . The kidneys, whose filtering cells are damaged by the toxins, now get more work to do than in health,when their filtering cells are \\"orking efficiently and normally, and we find tbat the

196

FIRST

kidneys, of all the organs of the body, save perhaps the heart, are the most subjected to strain during fever, and take the longest to recover when the fe,'er has gone. E. The Hem't. - The mus Ie fibres which form the walls of the heart are weakened by the toxins, and the pulse become abnormal, weak and rapid. F. The lVel VOllS S)'stem and BraZIl are affected, and either active excitement, sometimes amounting to delirium, or dull torpor, may result. The se'l1erziy, the dZl1'atioll and the end-7'esu/t oj fever, depend upon a number of factors, chief of which are ; 1. The virulence (the activity, the damagin a power, the strength) of the germs causing the infection. Some germs are more dangerous than others, and their toxins do more damage. 2. The resisting power 6f the patient. His condition of health before infection, his age, etc. 3. The measures adopted by the doctor to fight the disease and to reinforce the resisting power of the patient's body. -+. The efficiency of the nursing. 5. The conditions of hygiene and of climate under which the patient is nursed. Speaking generally, in young and previously healthy p::ttients, fever due to acute infection is of the" up and coming" variety, and is marked by a good rise of temperature, and a speeding up of vital functions, such as mental excitement, wasting of tissue substance, etc. In older or weaker subjects, tern perature is often less high, delirium is replaced by a dull mental wandering or indifference, and the patient becomes exhausted and collapsed, passing into the wellrecognised "Typhoid State," (\vhich is described so well in the old St. John Home ursing Text Book, and which is not to be confused with Typhoid Fever, a specific disease sometimes called Enteric Fever). The more active and marked the body's reaction to infection, the higher will be the temperature. The patient who is fighting the disease is of the first type-high tern perature, delirium, etc. ; the second type is not reacting so well to the same infection, he is not fighti ng so efficiently-mental dullness, less rise of tern perature, exhaustion, and so on. Rise of temperature can be taken, within limits, as :J. measure of the body's capacity to react and to resist. This is a wide generalisation, the validity of which can be upset by many factors; but it serves to point out that high temperature, as such, is not necessarily a bad sign.

The J-Jo711e Nuyszng Treatment of .F'evc1'S (the Febrz'le State). Pages 93 to 103 in the current St. John Homc Nursing Textbook deal with the su bject, and should be studied.

A I D.

A. Sinee heat regulation is upset, and body tern peratu. re rises, the clothin b0- and bed coveri n;"5 of the patient, and the arran~ement and ventilati on of the room must be designed to allow of heat loss by the skin without chilling or draughts. ee P·l. -+3-60 and p. 67, para. B. B. ince emaciation occurs, Bed-sores mt St be auarded against. 'ee pp. 7 ~, 82, 102, 187. C. The diet must be of a special nature, co 1taining much Quid, mu t be easily di a estible, a d must not contain too many heat-forming con tituents, nor substances which will injure or relt extra work on to the damaged kidn y ce l s. Doctor's orders as to diet should be asked for a d rigidly obeyed. To evade them, even a litlle , IS false kindness to the patient. ee pp. 12~-126_ D . Daily Routine, pp. ('0-9 1, should :Je followed under Doctor's orders. Til pro ed l re may be modified by him in special cas s, accordi Ig to the patient's conLiition. E. The notes on p. on the kin on t le same page I ep, and on I. 9H on D lirium, ~e useful. F. If the I atien t i too \\ eak to feed hi mSL f, see pp. 117 :tn\.! 11 H. G. The Home Nurse houlJ keep up hi · 0 \,11 pow rs of resistan e and pay special attention to his personal h) giene. 'ee pp. 13 and 1-+. lie m u t also take precautions agai Ilst the pread f infection outside the sickroom (pp. 176 and 1i I ), and, after the patien t has recovered, s c that the room, etc., isdisinfe ted. II of this applie ' to til nur ing of he gel1eral condition of Fever. I n the case of "specific diseases," uch as Smallpo"\':, Diphth e il, carlet Fever, ~Ieasles, and so on, special mt sures on top of this will be indicat d for each rcl icular specific fever. But the general "Fe br Ie State" will be present in all, with the speL IC action of the parlicular disease added; and lIe general treatment of the 0ae neral Febrile S t te _ wIll be needed, with the special treatment for he particular disease in addition. The treatmen t of tbese cases \V i II therefL)re include ; 1. The general treatment of the infec t 'e, febrile state common to all infections, and, ad c.ed to that2. The speezal treatmen t of the specific dam a;e done by the speegie infection to those organs an d systems which its germs and toxins particul a I)' attack. We have tried to trace a connected sequellCe from the simple infected wound, such as a septic finger, through to the (( specific diseases "-an d we see all through that it is Germs and their Toxins against the Body and its protective and curat ve substances and mechanisms . The aim of the Doctor and Home T urse is, in the end, not to cure, but to help the patient's body to cure itself. In

FIRST

February, 1934.

l-<'ebruary, 1934.

medicine there are a few absolute cures, absolute remedies; but on the whole it is true to repeat what Amboise Pare (or was it Ves:tlius?) saidI attended to the wou nd; I cared for the sufferer, al d he became cured." 'Ve have said nmhing of the special additional treatments of the specific infections. These are dl.:a lt with in the Textbook, and are an interesting study ; throughout we find the same basic p ~l nciples operating as in the simple case of the sept ic finger. Vve do all we can to hel p the p t ient's body to hel p i tsel f. (i

ew Members of the First Aid Family. LECI0~ 01· . \UI J10HI~EJ)

FROt-: JJEI~ .\IE7\' L'BJECI

ADOPT

Fms·[ Am ,\5 A~

I,\, TlIEm TI{'\I~r;\,G SY[.LAI3lJS.

Le;.: i~'Jl ~)f Fronlier::,mcn i an organi ·a tion of old )niclb and old ~)Idi\.·rs I hat wet .. formed illlll1cdiately after '> L) ulh \Iril.:lll \\' ar h\' Colonel Driscoll, of the famous ri ... tl, II· ... ~Cl'ut ... " CI~its \\ere formed throughout the Empi re "nJ in thl: Briti.,h hIes, and yeoman sen·ice was rC I.dc n :J in man\' wav:., and in man\ ljuarter::, of the globe, dl! ill,r the \"a r~ hl:l~\'l:e n the Peac\!' of Vcreenig en anJ the ou tbr::-'t1" ,)(tile Eurt)I1L'Hn \\'ar in 191+_ ' In ' hina, in _\ frica. and Cbl'\\' herl', activc sen'ice \\-as r(' l1 d~ rl·d b\' L L'gil)n memhers; in 19t-l-, over b()O Canadian F, ntiL' r:-tm'en came 0\ er \\ ith Prin cc:.:, Patril ia'::, Light In .ll1 tn·, and 20 un-i\(.'d. omc 1,500 fell ,,-ith the :\nzacs on liarlir1llli; in Engl,\I1d. the Leg-ion rai::,ed the 25th Batta liLln III the R )\ ,Ii Fu.,ilier, which fought in Ea t Afri ca till dl..'cimatcel i-n- casualties and diea -c. \\'hen the rol l \\'it-. taken after till' war, it \\'Cl'-, c::;timated that so me 9, l ()() Fronli\.rsl1lcn hael falll'n. .\Iler the post-\\ar re-organi. ation, we lind at present ur ., in the British hk s, in e\"\~ n Autralian Colony, in l th ,ll1d E,l t _\frica, in \\'L'::;t ,\frica and in Egypt; \\"hile C, lela and :'\('\\- Z ealand ha\·e trong Di\ iions_ .\t thL' hcael of the Legion is thc President, l\JajorG(' n ~ ral Lonl Loch, and with him is the Grand ouncil, coni~ ng" of the Duke of P ort land, Lord Derby, :\Jajor-General 'il lA'c il Lowther, ;\lajor-Gencral ir E_ M_ Perci\-a l, LLCo ' ir Hugh Turnbull, and Lt.-Col. ir Dennis Readett-

T l tl

8a k \. :\"10::.t member::; of the Legiol1, a::. a result of practical eXI rience gainee! "at the back of beyond" or on crvice the \\'0 Id over, have a rough working knowledge of what to do 10a\e life anu minimise uffering in cases of accident, 1\'0 nds, or sudden illness, when trained help is not availabl _ I t is recogni ed, howe\- r, by Legion Headquarters, Iha rule of thumb mcthods, though useful at a pinch, are far I l.:s efficacious than thc systematised and adequate first aid hat could be gi\'en by a man who has had sam regular Irai 1i n~- in ti.r t aid principles of the modern kind . T he Com mandant-General, Brigadier-General E. C. ~I o,to n , C. B. E., has ordered that first aid shall be added to the ist of "Authorised Subject "in the Legion syllabus of train ing, and Commandant C. H _ \Vybrow, B.Sc_, F.C: L, his Chief tafT Olncer, has issued authority for a MedIcal Est lb li hment, and for arrangements to be made to provide faci l ties for the instruction of Legion members in ambulance and li rst aiel training. A note was published in FIRST AID some months ago ask ng t. J (lhn and B. R. C. S_ men to volunteer to act as hOI1,);ary }\1,l,l bulance Instructors to units of the Legion

197

A I D.

within the Empire, and a gratifying response has been obtained. The Legion takes this opportunity to express its thanks to the gentlemen who have so kindly offered their services, from Glasgow in Scotland to Perth in Western Australia_ Classes are running in many units, and more are starting- in the new year. The Commandant-General has appointed as Principal Medical Officer a member of the Le~ion, who also holds staff rank in the St. John Ambulance Brigade and is a reg-ular contributor to this Journal, as we'l as being an Association Life-~lember and examiner, and a Fir t Aid Lecturer to L. C. C. evening I nstitutes. Letters of enquiry on Legion first aid matte rs, offers of instructional help from medical men or first aiders, re?~rts fur puhlicatioJI in this column from Legion first aid classes, etc., should be addressed to the P.l'1. 0., The Legion of Frontier men, either at H- Q. at 32, Craven·street, W. C. 2, or c 0 the Editor FIRST AID, -1-6, Cannon-street, E.C.4_ \Vhile all mem bers of the Legion are encouraged to attend the first aid classes and to become efficient, the present aim of the Legion is to ha\-e in every unit four members who are qualified and certificated first aiders, \\-ho will be borne on the Squadron strength as "specialists" in this subject, and will be so noted in Legion records. These four in each squadron \\-ill be later trained as instructors_ nits of the Legion with a high percentage of their members efficient first aider, and with four recog-nised as speciali I and leaders in this subject, will add to their usefulnes by being a\'ailable to reinforce tile regular St. John and Poli ct:! ambulance pe rsonnel when pecially needed, e_t;_, in uch circumstances as the recent earthquakes in ~e\\' Z eala nd and India, during strikes and riot, in pit and rail\\-ar disasters, ~nd 0 on. At the ame time, the potential usefulnes of the Legion in national emergency 0r in ,,-artime is increased, and men too old for acti\-e service can usefully be employed_ In this connection, Anti-Gas cia es will be held at the conclusion of the first aid course_ The Editor of FIRST AID hit kindly placed a column at the dipo al of the L egion of Frontiermen in connection with its fir t ad activities, and item will appear trom time to time. For thi pri\-ilege, the Legion offers its sincere thank to a journal that has always been in tl~e forefront to help the ambulance cause in all branc hes of organised endeavour. ------.~.------

The annual meeting- of the Penzance adet Oi\-i ion \\-as held on February 5th at the Rechabitc Hall.

TO rE.-If you are a proprietor of holiday apartment, a mall advertisement in FIR T A[l) is both cheap and efficient. pecial rates can be obtained for a serie . Send for particular no\\' . it

.-\ total of 3,017 call for blood donor are reported to have been dealt with by the London Blood Tran fu iOll en' ice of the British Red Cross la. t year, a ~ ,)l11pared with 2 ++2 calls in 1932 and 2,07 in 1931. The increase i stated t~ be the largest since the formation of the en-ice in 1921. .\s ill pre\'ious years Guy's Ho pital headed the list with a total 0f 290 call and St. Barcholomew's was second with 220.

When yo u write to any of our Ad ve rti sers kin div mention FIRST AID . It dose n't cost you anythi ng and it pleases the Advertisers, and Us

Flit S if

The St.

Brigade

!olzn

A t jj.

Ambulance

Dzsl~zct

No I. ( Prince of Wales ' s) District. Following in thc footsteps of the latc C0111missioner of the District Cap tain Goodley} :0.1. c." thc new Commis ioner, entertained about ixty of the poor children of Berkley 'treet, Clerkcn\\'cll; on aturday, January 20th, \\'hen a tea party \ya arranged, followed by an entertainment which interested and amu cd the children. )'luch amusement was cau cd by the children on arriyal as they made their \\ay up tl~e tair ' to the tea room, amid the friendly riyalry to gct the be t seat. of honour, that facing the pecial cake, which had been "ery kindly pro\' ided by l\Irs. G. C Green. The children being seated, tea was hanc1ed them by the teward, who so kindly atlellded to hclp on thb occa ion. After tea a competition \, as organi "cd by taff- cru·t. John 'on and prize \\'ere u'iycn hy him to the be t littltarti t amo~1g the boys anel girl -. The children wert! then marshalled up the tairs to the top hall. wherc Ambulance Officer ~ tilh\"ell, ~o. 93 Finchley Diyi ion, "ery kindly entertained them for an hour and a half with conj uring tricks) and the children were still wondering \yhere the "'onderful thing ' came from, when it \Va time to go home. As they left the building each 'c hild recei\'ed a paper bag containing toy} oranges and other nice thing which children like so much, and also, through the kind genero ity of )'Irs. S. J. \Varren, each bag contained a mince pie and a cake. The Commis ioner i yery grateful to her for this kind help. So ended a happy day, and the little gue't left the buildil1°' happy and contented, though tired and ready for bed. The Commi ioner i greatly indebted to Lieut.-Col. F.A. Brook, 1I.D.} the latc Commissioner, and to Asst. Commissioner . J. \Varren; Mi Rideout, the Lady Di 'trict Superintendent; Lady Di trict Officer Mrs. )'IacFadden, and Lady District Officer lis Curtis} and Di trict Officer Green} for thei r kindness in attending and supporting him and helping to attend the children on this occasion, and he hopes that their kindly action may be rewarded by the happy memory of the joy cxperienced by the children. EAST H .\.\l.-On Thursday, January 18th, members of the East Ham Ambulance and N" ursing Divisions attended in full force a social for the purpose of making presentations to Supt. A. Atkins and Lady Amb. Officer Mrs. Read, who have retired from active service. 11r. ::'1. Harris presided over the gathering and among those present ,",'ere Capt. W. Goodley, 11.C. (Commisioner), Capt. C. W. Kendall (Asst. Commis ioner), Capt. F. E. Bendix (District Surgeon), District Officer C J. Fitch and Mrs. Fitch; District Officer A. Bowers and Mrs. Bowers; Lady District Officer Miss Curtis; Div. Surgeon Dr. McKettrick; Lady District Supt. Miss Rideout; H. Lassman, Vicc-President; Supt. Gray, of Beckton Di vision; Lady 'upt. 1lr . E. 11. ::'Iorrish; Amb. Officer A. E. Ambler; Amb. Officer T. E. Walsby. Capt. Goodley made the presentation, which took the form of a divan chair and a fireside chair for Mrs. Atkins. The record of Supt. Atkins was read by the Commissioner and by Lady District Supt. Miss Rideout for Mrs. Read. Supt. Atkins obtained his first certifi'cate in May} 1894,

F eb rn a ry , 1934.

Reports.

and wet · one 0 [ the original members who inaug-ura tr-c\ the Ea t Ham Division in 1895. lIe wa a member )f the G.E.R. team which won the" Railway" Cup in 18° 6. and in 1899 he lead the East I lam ])i\'l~lOn when th 'J' \\ on the" Dewar" 'hicld} and (luain in 1901. In on: 1her, 1901 he Wet " appointed ~'uperil1tcJ1cknt, and ·i11c<.: 1 f1r't cntry into thc ambulance worlel he ha been an ardcn t \\·orker. ::'lrs. H.eatt on the formation of Ea -t Ham ;.J ur 'IU g ])i\'i ion in 1899, entered the rank' of the ambulance anr y. 'he " 'as made OA1cer and Treasurer in 1916. She ~ I' e lecture ' in h0111e nur in o ' at the L.N.E.R. l\lcchanics' 11 "titute, 1907-191--1-) and at the ettleme11l of the II I) Chile!. She recci\'ed her efficiency medal ill lq14 and \ a 111 ad e a L'r \' i 11 g S i ~ t L'r () i t 11 l (h-t k r () i ~ t. j () 11 11 111 I ( I 3.

CHUtlJo;\.-~lel11hers o( the 0:n. 51 (Croydol1) ]) 1 iion O'a\"c a part) to 100 p()or children of the BorolWh at the Dennett Road Hall, \\'e t Croydon, on .. 'atur< y, l-'ebruary 10th. An apology \\as recei\'ed from the A ,t. COl11l11i . ' ioner, Dr. E ..\Ic Intyre reg-rett11w hI' abel ' C, but the party \\ as honoured with the preCllce of ::. r ~. )'lclntyre, :0.Ii : j. ),lclntyre} and Mr. ;oldie} "ife uf t'lL Di vi ' ional Superintendent. The Re\'. Ros, of Chn t Church, <lid C;race, and the sumptuous tea \\ as then C0l1111H.' l1ccd b) the child r \1, who were oon made to feel "al home" hy the mem b r of the Di\'ision and their lad) helpers, and did royal jus'ice to th<.: exccllent fare pro\'lded. \Vhile the table' \\ ere bein o' cleared} communIty ... i1ging 'Na indulged in, the musIc being rendered by the vVind.' or Band} \.\'ho kindly g,a\'c thelrervice for th e occasIOn. A CIU""'I1, in the per 'un of l\lr. Ray, a f rielld uf th e ])ivisioJl, joined the children in the gaml"'> that [ull()\\ tI, lo their immense delight. .\1u 'ical chaIrs \\ ere play '(I. prize" being awarded to the willncr. Dliml fjuhting fo r the boys pro\'ided good entertainment. Pip. Squeak and vVilfred, impers()l1ated by me111 r~ of the Di"i ' ion) then came on the scene amid g at applause, and joined in the game ' that follmved. L ight rdreshments were ' er\'ed during the evening. . At thc grand finale three re oUl1ding- chcers were gl \"c l1 by the children for the memoer ' of the DIVi 'iun who ga ve the party} their lady helpers and the band, and on he call of an elder child a fourth vociferou cheer was gl en for the" father" of thc party} Supt. Goldie. After "God Save thc King," the prizes werc (Ij s_ tributed and each child went home with a suitable l)', an apple, orange balloon, cracker and a comic paper. The party was "oted a great ' uccess by all pres' nt, and it is hoped to repeat the performance next yea r

HAYEs.-Major A. E. Shuter occupied the chair .on Sunday afternoon} January 28th, at a special joint Sl:P ICC () [ Botwell Brotherhood and the Haye ' Divi ' ion) S.j.f n. Major Shuter said that thc Brigade had been in c 1<;tence for three ycars; and werc endeavouring to estahl1 h a first-aid hut on Uxbridge Road, land for which had b ~e n granted by the Middlescx County 'Council. Plan s lor the building were almost ready. The Division was tWlnt)' strong and it was hoped to increase this number sho rtly

Fe bruary , 1934.

FIRST

and to give a series of lectures for anyone interested in first-aid work. Both of the bodies represented that afternoon were carrying out great public service, the Brotherhood in a mo ral sense and the Brigade in a physical sense. He called upon Mr. Button) J.P.) to present the awards won by the val lOUS members. Mr. Button spoke and concurred with the Chairman's reI. arks, adding that he had been successful in securing a l rtificate for first-aid work some years ago. A vote of thanks to l\lajor Shuter and 11r. Button Ira put by Dr. Footerman, who thanked the Brotherhood jo )" coming forward to assist the Hayes Division. ILFORD.-Thc

o. 46 (llford) Di\'ision has suffered

a g revioLls loss by the death of Pte. \ V. E. King, one of it most loyal members, who passed away on :l\Ionday, February 2nd, after a short but painf III illness, at the comparatively early age of 32. Barely five years ago his colleagues gathered and rcjoiced with him at his wedding celt brations, and it was with heavy hearts that some of th( l colleagues gathered at the gravesic1e to pay their la respects to one who had endeared himself to all by hi· \\ inomeness of character and his firm allegiance to tht cau e to \\ hlch he gave h is best. The grief at hi rlq)1 rlure lS howe\'er tinged \\ ith thc glad confidence that hl has gone to join the ranks of those noble pioneers 1\ huse splcndid lives in pin: us to givc unstintingly of our services to our noble Order. To tho e left hehlnd we extend our sincerest sym-

path y. LEW 1 SlIAlL-:0.Iiss ),Iarguerite lIan) the film star, n:crn tly rdurned from Hollywood, wa warmly received at ,. dance organised by the Borough of Lewisham Divi. 1011, at the :\"ew Town Hall, (,atford, on Wednesday, Ja My 17th. .\mong those present \\ ere: The Mayor and l1ayores of wisham (Alderman and [rs. A. E. \Vebb)} Alderman ant' :'lrs. H. J. Furneaux) Alderman and Mrs. E. \V. Ha t S, l1r. Harry Chiesman} J.P., M.B.E., Mr. Joseph (~r' . man (Briti h International Pictures) Elstree), Distri ; Officer and ?lIrs. G. C Green. Reg. Tee dale and his Symphonians were in attenda l1 l ; J. TIicks) \\ith hi tLllal capahility, wa ~f.( '.

::.rr .. \.

J)i\" ..~t1Pt. 'mith, introducing ),Ii s Allan, mcntioned lha she Wlt. the principal tar in the film} .. Under the (;rt J1\\'ood Tree,' and al 0 "Widdicombe Fair." he \\Ol..' <1 al 0 be een in the film. "The Iagistrate), shortly tl) h·, produced. The ::'Iayoress eulogised the work of the Di\'i'ioll, \\"h i ' h wa being carried out by the member in the [Io n ugh, and which de erved every support. \Ii AII;:U1} in acknowledging the welcomc, mentioned the dea ure it gaye hcr to come to Lewisham, and to a.. rv iatc herself in the work of the Brigade. She wOllld rel t n with pleasant r collection of her visit. '\. hand ome bouquet was handed to 1Iiss Allan by ~[i Yera Carpenter. During the evening Ii s Allan presented the prizes. '\fte r the prize-giving thc Mayor passed a hearty yote of tanks to Miss Allan) and said he was sure everyone was indebted to her. Thank are due to Mr. Ha rry (,hi e~man for his generous gifts towards the prizes. , II arrangements in connection with the dance were l11lh e hands of Div. Supt. W. H. Smith (Serving Brother of tl e Order), assisted by Amb. Officer G. Carpenter and eq:;L E. Symonds (divisional secretary). Member of the Division a>ctecl as stewards. C;OUTHALL.-A special uniform parade of the Southall Al11bnlance Division was held on Tuesday} January 23rd, th(' r hjec t heing an official introduction to the new Divi-

A I D.

199

sional Surgeons} J. Flynn} M.B.Ch.B.} and 11. J. Arnott, M.B.B.S. After an inspection of the parade} which was drawn up in two Sections} had been made by Div. Surgeon Dr. A. B. Brook} Senior Medical Officer to the Ambulancc Division, Supt. Taylor asked Dr. Brook to give the official introduction. Dr. Brook said it gave him very great pleasure to welcome the two new Divisional Surgeons and he hopeel they would spend many pleasant occasions \vith the Brigade, as he had done. Dr. Flynn was not a strang-er to the First-Aid movement; he had been Divisional Surgeon to St. Andrew}s Ambulance Association in Scotland, and he felt sure the section taken by Dr. Flynn would benefit by his instructions. Dr. Arnott) like Dr. Flynn, was also acquainted with the work; he had been medical officer in the Royal Naval Reserve and also the B.R.CS. He would also ask Dr. Arnott to take a section of the Division, and he felt sure that the section would benefit by Dr. Arnott's instructions. Dr. Flynn and Dr. Arnott both expressed the g-reat pleasure it was to them to join the Southall Amhulance Division. Dr. Flynn promised to give a course of First-Aid Lectures as soon as a class 'c ould be arranged} and a course of Home Nursing- Lectures for members of the Division woulrl be giyen hy Dr. Arnott. , upt. J. E. Taylor, on behalf of the Officers} N.C.O.'s ;1Jlci :'Ien of the Divi ion thanked Dr. Brook for the introduction and appointing thc new Divisional Surgeons to the ection. He felt sure the members would increase in thei r efficiency under thei r instruction. Dr. Brook, in repl·. said that \\"ith Dr. McCarthy, Divisional urg-eon to the He ton ectioll, and Dr. Flynn and Dr. rnolt} the section medical officers} he felt sure that competitiqn for the challenge cups would be very keen. Tt \\'a possible that hefore long another cup would he presented to the Division for competition. making three cups for which to compete. The Dance arranged by the H e ton Section of the Southall Divi ion; held at Heston Senior Schools} all ,aturc1ay. J antlary 20th, was well attended by member and friends. Amongst the company were Officers, \iVarrant Officers, T.C. O.'S and troopers of the ,\Ve t Squadron of the Imperial Leg-ion, and representatives of the newly-formed hranch of the ladies' ection of the British Red Cross . ociety, V.A.D. Mr. Arthur Gilbert undertook the duties of M.C and the London Glenthorne Orchestra supplied the music. . Dr. McCarthy} Divisional urgeon of the section, presented a box of chocolates to Mr. Cotton. who \\Ta the holder of the lucky ticket. Dr. mott also spent a good part of the evening- with the company. TWICKENIIA:\[.-A successful Dinner and Dance was held by the No. 84 (Twickenham) Division, at the King-'s Head, on January 17th. The chair was taken by the Di\'i ional Surgeon, Dr. L. A. Tewtol1: who proposed the toast of "H. 1. the King." "The Brigade" was next proposed by Mr. A. G. Kirby, L.S.D .. R.CS. and was replied to by Asst. Commi sioner S. J. \ iVarren. Mr. Warren reminded those present of the Brigade' association with an ancient order of chivalry. He commented on the greater sphere of activitie in the present times and urged men~bers to carry on the D"ood work with the guidance of their Surgeon. Tn proposing" The Di\'ision,lJ Supt. P. H . Bettles) of Richmond, said it gave him great pleasure to be present. as hi Division had every desire to 'co-operate with their neighhotlfs across the water. Tt had heen, he said, an

200

FIRST

honour to be asked to judge a recent competition in T w ickenham. and as a friend he would be candid and point ont some of the more obvious errors. Diy. Supt. R. J. Smith thanked Mr. Bettles for his remarks, and said he hoped the friendly atmosphere would continue. The Division had passed through a good y~a r, but were not content to let matters rest and were lookmg forward to an increase in numbers and a continuance of success in the future. More social functions were to bc hoped for, so that the cordial spirit which was so apparent might be preserved. Sergt. F . A . Bowman thanked the visitors for .their presence, particularly the ladies. They ,yere, he .sald, so necessary to ensure the :success of a socIal functlOn. His Vlorship the J\Iayor, Alderman G. A. Farrer) J.P., who havinO' hurried away from another eng-ag-ement arrived just in time to respond for th~ y~sitors, said this was the first time he had met the DIVISIon and he was pleased to see such a friendly gathering. Before handing awards to the successfu~ members, His Worship delighted the company by c~)11fessmg t~at he was an old St. John worker, possessmg a certIficate granted during the early days of the War. A shield for team tests was presented to Ptes. G. W. \!-..Iake. C. R. Jones. H . S. Banks and \ V . A. E. Johnstone. The shieid and silver medal for efficiency during the past year had been won by Pte. L. A. Anderson-for the second year in succession. The runner-up was Pte. G. \V. Wake. who received a bronze medal. Dr. N e\vton had given a silver cup for individual first-aid, and this \vas presented to the winner, CorpI. W . J. Bowler. Dancing continued until midnight to the acr.ompaniment of the Sehvyn Dance Band. CRICKLEWOOD.-Two very successful dances were arranged by the No. 56 (Cricklewood) Division on January 20th and 27th, at Iviora Road S~hools, Cricklevvood . Sergt. Penfold ably carried out the duties of M.e. at both dances and the rhythmic music was provided by the Mazeeka Dance Orchestra. The annual competition in first -aid for the "Rosa" Cup, presented by Mr. J. Grossman (one of the Crickl~ wood Divisional Vice-Presidents) in memory of hIS mother; the "MacCormac" Shield and the "Pye" Cup (this latter cup being presented to the Division in memory of the late Pte. A. Pye, who was one of the Division's most active members), was held at the Headquarters of the Brondeshury Section (the D.O.B. Cluh Hall, Maygrove Road, Brondesbury), on the morning of January 28th, by kind permission of the Management Committee. The judges were Asst. Commissioner Capt. A. e. White-Knox, M.e., and Area-Surgeon Dr. Rees. Div. Surgeon Major Leakey watched the teams during the morning. Six teams competed and each were required to treat an imaginary railway accident. After the teams had competed it was found that CorpI. L. Stirk's team had won the "Rosa" Cl'~ with a total of 182 marks. Second place was taken by CorpI. P. J. J ohnson's team and they will hold the" MacCormac" Shield fo r the year. A very keen contest took place for "runner -up," as it was found that there was a tie between th is team and a team led by CorpI. H. R. Paintin, but, abiding b y the rules, the trophy was secured by CorpI. John son, as his team had the highest total individual marks . The " Pye" Cup was awarded to Pte. R. .T ohnson for securing the highest individual marks as a " fi rst-year" man. The other teams were led by Sergt. Richardson, Cnrnls. \i\Taller and Cayford . At the conclusion of the contest a hearty vote of thanks \\as accorded to Capt. White-Knox and Dr. Rees for their kindness in judging the competition, and also

A I D.

Febru a ry, 1934.

the gratitude of the Division was expressed to the Management Committee of the" Done Our Bit" Ex-Serviccmen 's Club for their kindne . s ;n allowing the Division the usc of the 'hall and its facilities.

No. 56 (BRo:-nJE 'BURY) SECTlO~.-A vcry enjoyable ocial was arranged by Amb. Officer Gayford at tIle Head quarters of this Section on January 24th, which was attended by over 200 persons. who had a splendid en tu'tainment. Diy. Supt. Hart presided and an apology for absence was received from Cant. . C. \i\Thite-Knox. No. 15c HENDON (CADET) DIVISION.-The annual pa rty of thi Division was hcld on January 22ncl, at their Headquarters in \ Vilberiorce Hall. Hendon. Among- the guest \\hom, tog-ether with mcmbers. totalled about 60, was Diy. Supt. G. P. Hart. accompan i"'d b~ Mrs. Hart, and supported by other officer and th ir wIves. Cadet Officer F. H. Harford presided at the tea a.,cl proposed a hearty vote of thanks to the various offi ctr<; and their wives for their pre'Sellce. BOtlC[lld. were presented to the lady visitors, and :'Ifr. Hart replied on be llli of the guests. Two very inlere ting- it ems w c re tl1/:' prescntatio ll ')\' the Cadets to their Officer of a silk scarf in Br i!!adr colours as a token of appre ciation ~l1lcl loyalty; ancl a table-lighter in the form of hrnnz c kn ig-ht in armo lr t( CorpI. Paintin as some recog-nitio11 of his service". which were very much appreciated. During the evening-. which was throw11 open fnrg-a . es and other items, <l rentril o("(tl;st ilncl ::-oniuror kept h~ party highly amllsed. anel M r5. IT art pre-senteel certin e; (' won in First-Aiel Examinations. A he-arh' vote of th ankwas passed to all the frie-nels who had ::,(; kindly as, i ted with the arrang-ements and a very happ\' evening' a brought to a close with the s inging of " Auld Lang ~\ ("

No. II. District. \VITXEY.- Anoth e r year of progress wa s rejJurt <.' ,,' the annual melting of the \Vitncy Diyj . i()n . h<.ld in t~l Church House, 011 February 1st, and at whI c h .i\llss D1f1' l\lason presided. The financial stateIlll:nt gi'l:l1 hy thl! 1l!)11. trea ~ll'L1' (Mr. \V. J. Rowe) showed reccipts. includin g , t:5~ 12s. ~d. broug-ht fOf\\'ard. of £101 25. and :1 halan ce nil Dec ember 31 t of £70 -ts. lId. Supt. ]. e. Che<;tcrlllan, in hi rqHJrt. stated til,·, ~ successful year had been experienced. The llllmber 01 cases treated on and off duty during 1933 \Va 176, ",'Iich is a record in anyone ycar since the formation of thl' Pivision, and thc 78 public duties attended also shows all 1l1crease. First-aid instruction has been given in several vill - ges in the district, and for the second time the Sunday p:.trol of the Witney-Burford road was carried out during the summer, when traffic is particularly heavy. The report of the hon. secretary (1\1r. E. G. Silerbourne) gave the present strength of the Division as. 2B. Twenty-one members had passed the annual re-exa11llnation and 52 drills were hcld during the year. A satisfactory report was also given by the sto rekeeper, Sergt. Wilsdon. The cup presented by Supt. Chesterman for the N. CO. or member making the most attendances in the year W ~TS handed to Pte. Woodcock by Miss Mason, and Pte h. Busby, who was the runner-up, also received a priz ~ Miss Mason thanked Supt. 01esterman for ~l S. ~n thusiastic work. She hoped the members of the DI VIS Ion would increase in number and so help to relieve the present members Wll0 carry out their voluntary duties so (' I thllsiasticall y and efficiently.

nd ..

February, 1934.

FIRST

No. IV. (Lancashire) District BARROW-I ·FUR Ess.-Mr. A . Jones, Vice-Prcsident, p esided at the 33rd annual gencral meeting of the Barrow Division. He was supported by Asst. Commissioner ~ hjor E. B. Pooley and Amb. Officers II owie and Chapman. The treasurer's report was presentcd by Amb. Offi cer Howic, whilst Amb. Officer Chapman presented a rt' )urt on the activities during the year. :'IIajor Pooley congratulated the Division on the work d ll C and gave interesting r(,111il1i . cences of the uphill nght tha t h;1c1 gonc 011 during the past 35 years.

nL \CKBURX.-At the annual distribution of awards of the Dlackburn Corps. oycr which ;"Iajor E. ]. Burndred, .\1. C. , prl . ided, Capt. C;. S. Elli ton. ;"I.P., said that I31ackhurn and urruulldl11g' ell rict had reason to lJe grateful illr the excellen t work dOlle by thl' Brigade \Yithin a few ,'ca rs of thcir foundatioll in 1900 they had attained Corps . ~re llgth and a high standard of efficiency. It would not hl f orgotten that III Aug-list . 191-+, forty-six ()ut of a memh rship of fifty-elghL \'vue elected ror immecliate seHice 111 ll anl and militar) hospitals. nl .. \t 10..1'001.

Thl' Fyldl: Officer' .\ . uciatioll (Ambu-

I: nee Dn IS Ion) hel<.1 a \'ery ucces flll re-union and dinner :t, B1 ackpo()1 Ull January 17th. Di trict Officer \TV. H. I; tall pre. iuecl. ' upportcci by ])i \'. urg-eons Rees Jones, Puri stan. :im0115 and Sl1Pt. ;. \\ 11. on, Chairman of the .\ (J ciatioll. Thl affaIr \\ a':> ~() SlIccl!ssful a suggestion \\, lll:lCll' that a SImilar iunctiun he held annually.

III

:.r.\~ ' IIJ': ~TER \ \II :-; \1 FORD l'ORl'S.- AileI' a brief illJ\mb. ()ffic('1' i\. ~l(lItlalld. of HuhllL Diyision. pa sed

:l\\,ly ()n Fehruary It.

lIe was a member lIf thl' Brigade ior man\' vear ' carried out the dll Ie. oi Divr-iunal ,·u:relary. this po ition he rcsigned III ta ke up w()rk \\ Itll thl' Cackt:) but returned to the I> i. 1(lJ1 on hi ~ promotion to .\mbulance Officer. In • -o\'l' l1lher last he \\'a · ,lcJmittcd as erring Brother 1)\ t hl Ord ' r IIi :t. John. hut hi" unfortunate dcath has pr\\I' Jl I I'c! him attl'nding- the lll\c<;tltl1re. fo

U\L' r

\'l' ar~ ,lilt!

~T I·: I.S0X.- n .~aturda\. TallUan' 20th. the annual dinne r oi the officer" of o~ 1 :'ub-Ar"ea, No.' 1 Area Io.4 (I.. nea . hlre) Di trict \\as hLld at the Lord elson Hotel, :\dso n. There was a large attendance and the function prove d highly enjoyable, bright and pithy speeches being inter' lll'fscd with vocal items. District Officer Clegg pre, iell d. The Commissioncr, W. G. mith, O .B.E., mentioned th: accidents were happening daily with greater freCj l1e lCy both in homes and workshops as well as on the rna 1. cience having given many things to make life ea 'c r and more comfortable, had unfortunately also a tem'ency to increase the possibility of mishap, and this \Va the trOI1O'est argument for the existence of the ambuIan c movement. Tributes were paie! to the work of Col. e. J. Trimble, C". B.. C. M.G.) Knight of Grace, Asst. Commissioner F. E. c1 e. n. Pim, L.K.Q.C.P.T .. Knight of Grace, and Lady 1)1 . riet Supt. Mrs. E. A. Twcecla1c, C.R.R, Dame of Grac e.

STANDI H.-The fourth annual general meeting of the Stz ndish Division \\'as held on Tue day, J anuar), 23rd. C'ops.-Supt. H. Potter presided. snpportcd by Corp Ofl'ce r Wm. T. Bolton and \ i\Tm. Macdonald. Amb. Officer D. ~1akinson Lady Div. Supt. Corson. Cadet Officcr H. F iI1l1 cy, office'rs in charge of the Standish Division. . Dr. John Boyd (Corps nrgeon) and Corps Sergt. -Malor W. Parke-r we r e al so present.

A I D.

20 1

Prior to the commencement of business the gathering stood in silence as a mark of respect to the late ~Irs. E lsie Gray, a devoted member of the Nursing Scction. whose funeral took place a short time ago. Amb. Officer ;"Iakinson submitted his fourth annual report on the activities of the Ambulance Division. Thl membership now totalled 26, an increase of two. Duringthe year 160 cases had received attention) of which six required taking to hospital. Attendance at the local cinema and other functions had been lmdertaken on 19R occasions. During the past year an individual point,,' competition for the II Macdonald" Cup was held, Ptc. J ames Lea being the winner. Other reports were presented by Lady Div. Supt. :Mr~. Corson, Cadet Officer H. Finney, Hon. Sergt . J. Healcll (secretary), CorpI. e. E . Anderson (treasurer). and PtC' . E. Gray (secretary Entertainment Committee) A magnificent reading lamp was presented to Corps Surgeon J. Boyd, on behalf of the Corps Officers, III honour of his recent marriage.

No. V. District. SPALDL ·G.-A very interesting lecture was given til a combined audience of the Ambulance and Nursing sectluns f rom the Spalding Divisions by Dr. A. CampbeJl Holms. at Uppingham House, the subject being Ancesthctie .... The lecturer explained that anccsthetics were something to lessen sen ation. He spoke of operations in the timl's before an::esthetic and antiseptics were known; of the introduction of ether, firstly in America, and shortly afterwards in England; of chloroform produced in Scotland. and the opposition its use received from the clergy and other peoplc, who thought it sinful to lessen the pain'i caused by nature, but whose arguments were defeated by a reference to the first operation in the Bible; of the present-clay methods of administering- chloroform, ether and nitrous oxide; of the latest methods of spinal and yenOl1S inj ections and of the methods of resuscitation after the u ·e of anccsthetics. Div. upt. A. H. Mol on presided over the meeting. and a yote of thanks to the lecturer was proposed by As t. Commissioner Capt. G. B. Armstrong. and seconded h) Lady Div. Sllpt: Miss H. B. Haryey. (I

No. IX. District. BomII~.- The annual ball of the Bodmin Division was recently held in the Public Rooms, Bodmin . Each year a feature has been the ingenious decoration scheme, and on this occasion the large hall was converted into a fairyland. Tn each of the nine window bays were evergreens and a representation of a fairy story. Each scene was enhanced by effective illuminations and miniature flood-lighting . The painting was the work of Mr. W. Piper, who was also responsible for delightful portraits which were hung all around the room . A few feet above the head of the guests brilliant coloured "butterflies" flew, and on the walls were huge spiders . The lights, many of which were coloured) were toned by streamers. From a dais at the southern end of the hall Grant Arnold and his orchestra, of Plymouth, pro\'idcc1 the music. Supt. \ V. \V. Hc,uIl and Amb. Officer L. J. Y. Richards were in charge of the organisation, and Mr . II. F. Chillingworth was the convener for the Decorations Committee. Refreshments were served in the Legion Hall. Among those present \\,(,1'(' the fayor and l\Iayoress () f Bodmi n (1\Ir. and ~Irs. Cccil R L.yne),. the ex-1\Iayoress (Mrs. John Pethybridge)) Capl. E. Hare and 1\fr . Harc. the' lIoll. Vanda Vivian. Miss Clair Han<;on. Capt. and 1\[rs. Turner. and :\Trs. H. F. Clc\·eland. Dr. and 1\1rs.

nr.

202

FIR S T

H. F. ChillingworLh, Dr. and Mrs. J. B. Dedman, Dr. and

~Irs. A. Co}dridge, Dr. 1 . Salmon, Dr. and 1Irs. Haydn, County Officer . lI1. Landry, Supt. and ~Irs. 'vV. \\'.

Hearn, Amb. Officer L. J. Y. Richard, Cadet Officer and '\Ir . \V. J. mith.

LrSKEARD.-The first annual dinner of the Liskeard Diyi ion wa held on January 19th, Div. urgeon Dr. B. B. lIIetcalfe pre iding in the unayoidable absence of the lIayor (Ald. W. F. Y oUllg} 1\1r. Alec Edgcumbe announced the net proceeds () ( ! he ball recently held were just over £30. The toast of iI The Doctors" was proposed by )\1 r. A. Hugh (treasurer), \yho eulogised their voluntary work. The County Surgeon (Dr. E . S. Toogood) replied. Dr. )\Ietcal£e mentioned that 1a t year over 200,000 road accIdents accured and that \Va where the Ambulance A~socia~ions came in with their voluntary help and certamly dId a tremendous amount of good in such cases. .. Liskeard and District Divisions" was proposed by lIIr. E. Spurway, who looked forward to the day whe~l Liskeard might become a Corps. Supt. H. H. Wenmoth) in reply, said that 1933 had been a good year. First-aid had been rendered in 163 cases, whilst the ambulance had covered 1)9l9i mile. Road accidents numbered 21, with a mileage of 169. upt. '.Venmoth praised the officers and men of his Diyi· ' ion and announced that Dr. lI1. C. Cooper had heen appointed Div. Surgeon at Looe and Dr. O. R. Smale had heen invited to accept a similar appoin tment at Pen ilva. Lady Amb. Officer )\Irs. A. E. Gilbert reported tl1at the Nursing Division had 12 activc members. Durin o ' 1933 they attended 23 cases and -+2 attendances had bee~ made at the Orthopcedic Clinic. Cadet Officer S. Sanders reported on the Cadet who showed great keenness and were eager to do thei r be t. ST. I VES.- \Vell merited tributes to the leader hip of Supt. vV. H. Care and to the efficiency of St. lYes Division were paid at the annual meeting held on Tuesday. 1anuary 23rd, at Curnow's Restaurant. lI1r. \\T. H. Lanyon, the President, presided. Mr. C. S. Prynne (treasurer) presented the financial statement, which showed a credit balance of over £53. Supt. Care reported the membership to be 56, an increase of 32. First-aid had been rendered on 220 occasions, the number of removals b e in~ 162. including t\yO to London, with a total mileage of 3,041. He thanked the drivers of the ambulance, the Officers, .C.O.'s and men of the Division for the support given him. The annual dinner followed the meeting and Lieut.Col. Blackwood, County Commissioner, in reply to the toast of " The Order of St. John and the County of Cornwall," said that the present strength of the county was 85 officers and 794 men. The county had 13 ambulances under its control) and during last year they had covered 31,393 miles and carried 2,059 patients. 0 fewer than 13,898 cases of first-aid had been attended) whilst the number of road accidents increased to 191 the cars trayelling: 1)~97 miles in this connection. ' As to the St. rves Division, the county were yery proud of the large increase in the strength, and he thought Supt. Care desen' ed every ;:ongratulation. For a town thc size of St. Ives to turn out the strongest Division in the county was a great credit. The Division now comprised ~5 men. That ,,'as a magnificent effort and was entirely due to the individual work of Supt. Care. St. hes was certainly in the lucky position of having a splendid leader. Asst. Commissioner Johnson also responded. The Deyon County Championships competitions were held at Barnstaple 011 Saturday, January 27th, when ei ,~ht teams competed.

February, 1934.

A I D.

The judges were: Team test, Col. Rowland Warll (Torquay); and individual practical, Drs. E. Hoerm<!l1 (County 'urO'COll, orth Devon) and P. 11. Scal (Surgeo'l. 'outh Molton). The arrangements \\ crc made by Dr. S. R. Gib 11'i (Asst. County C0111111i sioner for ~orlh Dcyon), 1\1r. A. v\ . Latimer and )\Ir. II. Cotterill (hon. sccrctary of the Bar .staplc Association). Exeter with 245 points won the" Marcu Hare" 'up followed by Barnstaplc, 232 points, and .I.' c\\ Lon Abh It 231. These three teams will compete again,,! the best three teams fro111 Cornwall and Dorset for the hunour o' rcpresenting o. Sl District in the lii1als of the .C DeWell .. Shield. Sergt. J. Green, captain of the Exder team, gain c I the indi"idual prize, the" Pengelly" Cup, ,\ ith 23~ poin b . The prizes were di tn1.mted by the :;\layores (:;\1 1'5 . C. F. Dart)) who wa accompanied by the ~layor (l\ Ir. C. F. Dart). The officer in charge \\'as Count) Officl;.r T. D. Perkins and Corp Officer _\. \\'. Latimer was responsible for the team test room.

No. X. District. GREAT Y ,\R\rOUTII-Thl Amuulancl' :ll1<1 ::-J urs i'lIY Divisions of Great Yarmouth held their fiLt anllual din n'r at Hill's Restaurant last month. Supt. H. S. Oglesby presided ()\' cr the ~atheri n<r . which numbered about 100, supported hy the Chid COl. stable (Mr. B. \V . . mith). ~1r. R. t\. Eastoe. Lady Al~). Officer Miss A. Ficld)'. Diy. upt. R. C. IIannant Jnd Div. Secretary A. E. Lang of Gorleston niYi~inn: and Mr. B. V. Smith ( tationma ter Deach Station) . 11r. B. \V. Smith (who is chairman of the Great y (l". mouth Association CentrL) proposcd the toast" Th e .' John Ambulance Brigadc and ~11r. ing- Division." He congratulated the members on the progre made il cc their formation and charged them to keep sacrecl th (' 11'a;n principles and objects of thc Ordcr. TIe was pleascc. to ee Dr. \Vainwright present. but regretted the absence of Mrs. Wainwright, because these two friends were resIJonsihle for the formation of the Brigade in Great Yarmouth Lady Amb. Officer J\Iiss Fiddy replicd on behalf of the Nursing Division and Supt. IIannant on behalf of the Ambulance Division. Dr. Wainwright. a former Diy. Surgeon. was en tlw, siastically greeted when rising to reply al o. He said ·hat if anyone had anything individually to do with the act lal starting of the local Division it was the Chief Consta.Je. The work done hy Div. Supt. Odesl1}' was give! by Mr. B. V. Smith in proposing" The Chai rman." Supt. Oglesby thanked the speaker for hi " hclp ~ nd gave particulars of thc work done . illee lQ05.

;\f r. John S. Jones, secretary No. 15 District of th;'! L. M. & S. Railway Ambulance Centre has been admi tted Serving Brother of the Order of St. John. 3'

•

It is common knowledge that infants may be found al i\'e in gas-filled rooms where adults are lying dead. Accor~in.g to Professor Haurowitz, of the University of Pra~ue, th l~ IS because the hGemoglobin in the blood of babies is very resIstant to lack of oxygen and is therefore not affected so rar ldly as that in the blood of an adult.

W e are prepared to s upp ly Am bulance Secretaries and othe rs with s pecimen copies of this Journal for distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers, FIRST AID, 4 tl Cannon St .. London E.C.4·

F !. R S T

February, 1934.

203

A I D.

Przory for Wales. PRIOH\

Ih;,\J)(]L!,\IHIW

OTE~.

Lulul1el II. E. l\1. Lilld~ay, C. E., prc!>ided at the 1l101lthl) meeling 01 lhc Council of the Prior) for \\Tales held ill the Priory Room, Law ourb, Cardifr, on January 22nd, , t which propo!>ab for the annual meelings of har)[cr and l ,,' nclal .\..,sembly were discus ed. It was decided to disll111tlnuc the obsenancc of . t. David's Day in favour of a da te approximaling the .\nnual Fe!>ti\'al of the Order, while ('. ceptinf{, of cours , the actual date on which the "I. John's ) ay celebralions attract all member of thc Onler to London. llli:-. challgc will l'nablc several E"ecuti\ e o!Ticers who as pr~minent \\'elshmcl1 arc in\ariabl) engaged i'~ . ' ati(lncti gathering!> on ~Iarch bt, tll participate in lhe Pr il1ry !unclioll~ ; and the date sclected for 1lJ34 is Thursday, JlI lll: 28th. On this occasion the Priory is tv be favoured wilh a \ isit of the Sub-Priur of the Order, :'Ilajor-General the I::l rl of Scarbrough, 1\.. G., G. B. E., K. C.B., T. D., who will , :lcLllll1panil'd h) the Chancellor, Lieul.-General Sir • ) 11l1L'r IIul1tl'r-\\\!..,tlll1 'If Hunlerston, E..C.E., D.S.O., . E., :'II. P.; and the folll1wing- pn) 'rClll1me is being ,rranged : 11.;)0 a.ll1. .\Iel.,tillg 01 Chapler ill the C,lunLil Chal1lb ,Cit,· flaIl. I.U'p.I11 .. LUl1chel.ll1 at the Cit\ Hall Iw in\'itation uf t c Sub.Prior. lhe Earl llf Ph moulh: P. c.' . 2.30 p.m. Service at . t. John' Chunh, \\here thc l'i;..: ht Rl \ l'rend thl' Lurd Bi~hop of Sl. Oil\ id's \\ ill olliciatc III behalf llf thl.' ·h.lplain, Iii . . Grace the Lonl .\rchbi hop f \\'alLo".

PI'llll.·..., . . i()n frl)Jll lhl' Lhun' h Lll the .\..,:-,cmbl) Room, IIall, ft"lr 3.30 p.m. - lil'lwral .\-., . . l·ll1bh, at \\hich the Earl of ~ 'lrhrllugll will ilHe-.t il1ember.., 'nn the Rull Lll thl' Prion (Jm illcd to (Ir proml)ted in the Order in 1()34, and preel{l \'e llum \·ole . . of Thanks and Prior\' \"OlCS of Thanks awarded for the CUI rent \ ear. " The Lord :\Lt) llr of Cardiff (.\Idermtln .\. E. Gough, J. I\) and the Lad) 'lit) on:s . . ha\'l.~ ace pted im itations to the aft l'rI10L)n procel'ding.." and will attend wilh members of the l'Mdilr it;" Corporation in their robe of olEce. The service at the Church ant.! General .\s 'cmbl} will be open to all me mbcrs of the l. rder on thl' Rllil of th Prion the Honorclr Life :\Icmbership, and representatIves of t1;~ Brigade and (If all branches uf the Priory's work.

Lit )

The nl''' => of the acceptance of the invitation e. tended to t'I L Chief Commissioner, .\Iajor-General ir John Duncan, . C.B., C. :'11. G., C. V.O .. D.S.O., lo conducl an Inspection II \\'ales was received with great ple,l ure by thc .\mbulance ~ 1I111llillec On January 22nd. Last year the Brigade Units III the ~lonmouthshire entr had the honour ot parading bdore the di linguished Chief Commissioner' and on Salul day, lay 12tl~, the Corps and Di\'ision in ti1e Glamorgan C?unty Centre, which has a total strength of about 3,600, wdl enjoy a similar privilege. The beauliful grounds ot ~l arg-am Park, where the inspection is to be held, by the kInd invitation of Captain and Mrs . Talbot Fletcher, will provide a brilliant setting for what it is hoped will be a Ill <:morablc occasion in the history of the Brigade in Wales. At the abo\'e meeting, Captain S. T. Beard, O. B. E., lOlllmissioner for l\lonmouthshire, \Va warmly applauded \ hen the application for a fourth Bar to the Service l\ledal \\ as confirmed for submission to headquarters- no other Il ~ ~mber of the Brigade in \Vales having qualified for recog· I1ltlon of thirty-five years' efficient service.

The amount earmarked in Feruary, 1933, for promoting ambulance classes for unemployed men and 'women having been expended, the Committee considered the desirability of making a further grant for the current year; and it was agreed to L'ontinue the provision of similar facilities as those granted during the past twelvc months, as a result of which eighteen classes were arranged. No. 8 DISTRICT POLICE Cm.IPETITlON. The Brigade in the City of Cardiff Centre, whose COI11ioner, the Chief Constable, has enrolled a fine Police Unit, are justly proud of the achievement of the Cardiff City Police team in winning the Devereux Cup in the annual competition for teams representing the TO. 8 District, comprising \Vales, i\lonmouthshire and Herefordshire, at the 'hire Hall, Hereford, on J anuary 25th. Nine teams competed and il speaks well for the high standard of efficiency shown by the Cardiff team that they were able to excel the pcrformances of uch smart teams as Brecknockshire and ;\lonll1outhshire, the latter being successful last year in the No. 8 District and in the Police national contest for which the De\'ereux Cup competition is a preliminary test, The cup was presented to the Cardiff team by the donor, Viscountess Hereford, who on the institution of the Police Ambulance Competition readily responded to the Priory's suggestion to vest a trophy in its Trustees for this important event. On their return journey to the Hereford Railway talion, the Cardiff team had an opportunity of putting their knowledge to practical purpose by rendering first aid to a man knocked down by a motor car; and the unfortunate patient certainly lacked nothing that a highly skilled team of willing seryants of the public \yas able to do to mitigate his suffering and ensure a speedy admittance to hospital. III i~

SEASIDE AMBULANCE PRO\'lSIOl\:S.

The following report of Assistant Commissioner F . R . Hortop on the past year's work at the Barry Island First .\id Station and Lost Children's Creche is of particular interest, in view of the sympathetic manner in which certain (,; rban and Rural Districl Councils are considering suggestions put forward by the PrioI y for \\' ales for the proyi ion of first aid facilities at Y3.rious coastal resorts. The Lost Children' Creche 'was open daily frol11 Saturday, June 3rd until Saturday, September 9th-a period of 98 days, during "'hich time 1,270 lost children wcre cared for . The First Aid Station was opened on April 14th for one week (during Easter), and thence from June 3rd to September 30lh, a period of 126 days, the station being open for an average of 11t hours per day. During this period 2,421 cases received first aid treatment, this being the highest number ever recorded at Barry Island. The total in 1930 was 1,521 ; in 1931 the 11gure increased to 1,579, and dur ing 1932 it again increased to 1,768 cases. The exten ion to the building, so generously provided by the Barry Urban District Council, has proyed a great help in the treatment of male and female cases. i\ledical aid was obtained more frequently than in past years, and 24 attendances were recorded by local doctors . On several occasion doctor who were visitor to the town kindly gave their services free to patients at the station; and quit frequently members were on duty unti l after midnight. \ll1b ul am:es fro m outside the district were frequently sum -

20+

FIR S T

moned to COI1\ ey patients home, and 21 eel es were sent to the local hospiwl. C~L\L\RY OF

2 .\nil11al bites .\pparently drowned 3 .\lcoholic poi ' oning -I.-\bdominal pains 27 Burn and ' calds 03 Brui es 77 Blisters S6 I'U hed fingers, de. S6 oncus ions 3 Cram p 8 Epileptic fils 1Y Foreign body in ear .W Foreign body in eye 1'W Faints, hock and l'l)Ilap e HO Fraclures 1(' Foreign body (throat) 2 Fishooks embedded J

C.\SES.

C razed Ii III b d res ed

2, -1-21 PIWGl{ESS.

The annual reports coming in from the CenLre Commi _ sioner are all indicati\'e of a ueces ful year's working-, and Lhe details induded in the report of the Comrnissioner for Brecknocksbire are worth\' of summarisation as an instance of \\'hat can be done in a Count)' almost \\'holly ag-ricultural, and where prior to the appointment of the Chief Constable, Lieut.-Colonel C. G. Cole-Hamilton, c..\1.G., D.S.O., the total strength of the Brigade was practically stationer) at 170. There are in the Centre 13 ambulance, 2 nursing and 5 cadp.t di\'isions registered, Strength: 327 ambulance men, 59 nurses and 1-1-9 cadets . Total strength, 535. Increase in registered di\'isions, 6 ambulance, 2 nursing and 2 cadets, Increase in total strength, 213. There are 3 m e n's, -I- nursing, 3 cadet (boy) and 1 cadet (girl) classes working with a \'iew to early registration as divisions. The formation of a Corps has been sanctioned for the Swansca Valley Group of Units, under the title of tbc "Cwmtawe Corps." Public duties performed Cases dealt with Cases removed

336 1,-1-65 66

Through the Home Service .\mbulance Committee the Brecon Di\'ision has obtained a motor ambulance, which is now a\'ailable for service in the County. A grant has been made to\\'ards the cost of running this car by thc Police authority. The Commissioner for \Vales, accompanied by the .\.ssistant Lady Superintendent-in-Chief for \"ales, held an Inspection at Brecon on August 26th last) when 8 ambulance, 1 1\ ursing and 2 Cadet Divisions were on parade, and again at Ystradgynlais on October 7th, when the Cwmtawe Corps as such paraded for the first time, There \\ ere -I- Ambulance, 1 Nursing and 3 Cadet Divisions present.

A RE!\J1I\'DEH. - If you are running an open ambulance competition a small advertisement in F1RST All) will ensure entries. Others have proved this so why not you? The cost is very small.

"THE PLUM.BER 18.

February, 1934

~o1ice J\mbulance :News.

« JOURNAL uF HEATING,"

monthly) Is THE paper for all progressive trad es-

men -PubJlshlDK Office: -46, Cannon Street E.C.".

POLICE

NATION.\L

FIR T

,\lD

)~ 1 PETITIOl

The stage is no\\' set for the linal competition for lhe " Pil11 " trophy and other prize pre ented by the St. John Ambulance .\ sociation. On this occa ion a nc\.\' vcnuc I being used, and on Friday, February 23rd, in the c.~ntn" Hall, \Vestminstcl-, London, \\'ill be witnessed the contes for the championship of the Police Forces of England , \Vales and the Isle of Man. The judges 'w ill be Dr. G. D. Tullis, who will be chargL of the team test, and Captain .\. . \\'hite Knox, 1\1.C., i the indi\'idual te t, Thc latter doctor is deputising- for Dr R. B, Duncan, who, unforlunately, has been criouly i and is unable to participate in the cyent this )ear. Lieut.-Colonel thc Right Han. ir john Gilmour, BL. D. S. 0., l\l. P., the Principal S cretary of tatc for Hom AlTair, will present the prizes. The eliminating compctition have been completed aml Illany urprising re ults have cOllle to hand. The rirt l I note \\'as the defeat of l\lonmouthshire, the winller' of til championship award in 1932 and 1933. Results ()I th .' eliminating tests arc a!; follow!; : No. 1 Di tricL.-.\gain Li\'erpool 0:0. 1 team \\'i ,1 represent this District. For the competItion elc\ en team entered and the "Molloy" Challenge' up was \\'on h.\ Liverpool r\'o, 1 ; BootIe team, being second, were awarded thc " ~lajor Cran» h ield. o. 2 Districl.-Elc\'en teams entered ill thi~ Distril . Scarborough who won the "Pim" Trophy in 1lJ2lJ, \\ I I a~ain compete in the final, the marks obtaIn d being 27' against 267 gained by Durham TO. 1 who represented Li lt di trict last rear. ;.Jo, 3 Di trict.-Donca!;ter was the cene of this I)i .,trict eliminating competition, eight team" competing. La t year's finalists, Yorks \\'e t Riding" A" team, \\' re aga ill succes ful-obtaining 268 marks, Halifax \Vas secol ld with 217, and Yorks West Riding" B " third with 213. 1 o. -I- District.-Held at Birmingham, last year JJnalists, vVol\'erhampton, \\'ere beatcn by Birmingham ' ( 1 team, who obtainE'cl 295~ marks against 2 J~ 11) \\'oh'(1 hampton. Fifteen teams competed. No.5 Dis trict.- even teams competed at Peel Hous L', London, on january 23rd. The Judgcs were apt, .. \, C White Knox, 1. c., 1\1. B. (team) and Capt. F. E. Belldi 1\1. R, C. S. (individual). Greal Yarmouth With 27 poin t \\ ere UI st, Cambridge County and Luton being sccond an ' third respectively. Both Judges complimented the teams 0 their excellent work especially in the examination of til patients. The test set were of the usual high standanJ expected from the two judges who ofllcialed, and one, give to Nos. 3 and 5, wa as under : CARD . - You are on duty at a carnival and you arc called to attend to a 'waiter in a near by cafe. You al-e informed that the man was carrying some crockery when he stumbled fell and wounded his arm. Your informant explains that hL has bandaged the wound but it is still bleeding freely. Please proceed to render first aid treatment. Tillll: limit, 8 minutes. Warning, tacl and sympathy (real comfort) 1- oting hccmorrhage Suitable position 2- Eliminate signs of fraclure. Pain and loss of power (it hurts when 1 try to move it) ... Swelling (a littk') Deformity (yes, prominence of outer side of It'll elbow)

FIRST

February, 1934.

10f)

Heat and un troke 11 Heart trouble 11 Ha,' morrhage from nUSl> 11 Hernia 2Insect BiLes 15 ~lental ca es 1 Ptomaine poisoning 1 Splillters llJ Sprains and strains 123 Sun burn 66 \\'ounds treated alld dres ed 9-1-5 \\Tasp and bee stings 29lJ Dislocation 6 Sicknes 78

BHECKl\'OL' KSlllHE CE~TRE

A I D.

2 1 3

2 1

I I-regularity (no) Elc\atelil1lb , .. Expose wound-rapicll) Is bloocl bright red (yes) Spurting (ye ) .. ' Frl)1l1 heart side of wound (yl:~) Size and character of wound (small, deep, inciscd) Fnn:ign bodie~ (no) I )irclt digit,d pres~ule , . :'>l.lrks to maximum of tour \\ iii be gl\en. for '>pl:ecl in arresting h;l'l11orrha~c by the direct IlH:thod 5 Illdill'ct digital pressure not indicatecl no fracture or foreign matter and wound sl11all therefore no marks fl)r this Tourniquet application ... ~o foreign body already noted l~ wound ob\ ioul) dirty (no) '} Tincture of iodine I)ressing. ''', . ' FUlther l'X,lIllillali(lI1 (It lell l'111\I\\. FI\.it\, (no) ~ u Il1hnl'ss (1Il1) . (This thing llil my arm make:, It Ilumb). EnquilL' from patil'Il1 1',' ddd/mit)' (I hrokc Illy arm tine ' mont 110., agl 1 ) ••• 1)..:( id e (lid injur) \1 I'a d Lli \\'l)ol . . , ": ... 11 Bandage lirl11ly 1 ) Ilela x IllurlliLlllet al1d L'llqUire (col1troll . :d) Ll'<L$ in pLbilil)1l rt'laxed .. , Su PpL)rt Ii 111 h ... J lIuge ;UlI10UI1l"L'S : \\llli I)alient i::. 11t'\\ illsL'nsibk. I s he bn~ alhillg (ylS) $ 11\ ubions (11l1) l \) ILlllr L)I fall' (pa\..:) l'e . . pL)lbC (IlL' gru;tn:--) J kad iLl\\" anJ to ..,ilk . .. l'uISL' rat e (.-.! pid); trL'nglh (\\'L'ak) ... Failing (nl)). , I'Lspiralions l'.ttL' (rapId) ; Depth t~hallll\\' ) Sigllin~ and irregular (y~:,) 1.. \L'hall . . to tl)uch ()es) P~dse ' I'l""pl)J1Se to lig-ht (y's) '-ilze (normal); Equality (l?qu,d) ';,I ' in (cold and dammy) Cndo tioht clothing ... Fn.;..,h ai;. (1) ; Warmth (L ) ' prinklc hot amI, cl~ld ';,ll1l.:lling salts - fnctlon .. , .'" "'ater i~l ::.ip~ on reg'lining eon<;clousness Hot tea ... ... ... ') Early rell1o\ al of Sllurccs of dangcr (brol~en chIna .\ rrangemcl It fa I" 111 diCed aid ancl dlsIlosal of patient Total

A 10.

~05

Twenty teams competed. The judg-es were Dr. Dunlop (team) Drs. Leakey and Lund (individu.al). D~puty Asst. Commissioner Abbls'>. announced th.e results and also congratulated the wInners on tl-)elf . t .' " D II Division with 329 marks were first, followed VIC or\, " H" D' " . by " S" Division (last year's winners), 311, l"ISlOn,

-I-

2 2

2 .1,

2 3 3

100

" l 6 D'tr'lct Once a,rain \\'e t Su ex, \\'ho obtained hst~) ear " will representI this District 'Lonl'd \'p Iace I,Sl II II -~ !In·t! c' . )3 cl Thi will male theIr scventl appearance F b n • e ruar) ~ r . . r"clS finali ts ha\- ing been succe ful each)'car lI1t~le e II11~natll1g Ill und, Marks obtained were \\'est ,Sussex, .)01, Brighton) ~8 8 Kenl County, 482, out of a pOSSIble 550.. . . . , No 7 Districl. - Three teams com peted 111 ~hls District ,nd Ex~ter earned the right Lo participate in the final. T~le~ beat Plymouth, last year's final.ists by eleven marks, sconn b 2-1-7 against 236. Bath, the thIrd team, s~ored 206, 1 o. 8 Districl.-l\lonmouthshire, tWI~e holders. o~ th~ " Pim " trophy cnly obtaincd fourth place 111 the prehml11~f) .. IIlIS .' Yea I.- Cardiff l.ompetlLJon , . Cit), . , Pol ice, who were third last year will represent thiS Dl lrtct 111 the final. No.9 District.-Held at Peel House on January 16th.

300. The enthusiasm of this District may be gauged by.the cntryof one team frol11 every division, and two fro,m the City, but 25 teams in one day was very tiring for Jud.ges and However co 111 pe t 't I or s all'LTe ". , some fine work wasfwItnessed, l' 1 especially in the team test t.he marking sheet 0 W llC 1 was as follows : CARIJ,-You are practlsll1!{ in the Ambulance Room when you hear shouts for help ~bo~t ~OO yards away down a Iliet street. Act. Time limIt b ml11utes.. . q Ou fU:\,E OF CASE.-The patient, having pOisoned himself with iodine, rushes into the street., He falls down o~n a\'ement and sustains a wound of the nght palm and fra~ fure of the right radius. A grocer's shop and phone booth nearby. Rapid approach. with equipm~nt. ,Promptness of action 4 2 I spat ienl conscIous? Test h IITl () es) , b 0Jote broken bottle, bleeding and stalOed lips Ask if pain elsewhere (patient groans), Support in4 jured limb ... . , Preserve broken bottle. Send ll1eSsell~t:;r lO pllone lUI' 4 am bulance or doctor ,." ' Colour of blood (bright red), if spurting' (}e,,), fUro.:lgll 6 body (probable) '.. , . -IOuickly examine lower end of forearm, nO~I~lg s\\'clilng 3 G-regularily (yes), deformity (yes), bones v~s~ble (no) 0Dig-il al pressure on brachial artery. Ask If bleedlOt-) -Istopped (yes, if method correct) . 3 Keep back cro\\'d, reassure patient, prepare tour~lquet .\cljust and tighten tourniquet, slowly relax dIgItal + pressure '.. ... "'. Obtain history from bystanders (no one saw h1l11 fall), 2 who is he (unknown) Poi on, Is patient vomiting (yes~, burning taste in 1:10ut~1 (ye~) mel! of breath (antiseptLc smell), c~lour of hps () ello\\) \ > lips burned (no) colour of vomIt (rello\\' and blue) .Preserve re ' ( J u d ge as L" h 0 .\"\ - mark vomited matter "s for sensible answer) ... _ Enquire if pain in abdomen (yes), where: Ask what patient ha taken ( omething out of a bottle), when? ... ... ... .. . Ask if iodine (yes), is paticnt thirsty (yes) .. . end to shop for starch, water, salt and mustard and basin, prepare emetic '" Give emetic (correct dose), repeat if necessary, gi\'e stal"ch and water freely ... " Ask store to prepare tea which admlOlster as soon as possible .. , . ... . , .. Castor oil (not a\'ailable), o!t\e ot! (yes) , .. \Vound. Note character of wound (incised), foreign body (glass suspected) ... ':. ", Irregularity (no), dirt (not ObVIOUS), do not prob~ lodi'ne to fingers and to wound, soft, cJean dressll1g .. , Soft pad) bandage lightly, relax tournIquet . Enquire if bleeding recurs (no), leave tourniquet in po ition Fracture. Expose injured region, sup,p ort limb throughout Elicit permissible igns of frac~ure (1 each) Test both radius and ulna (radIUS only fr~ctured) l\love forearm to correct position, two sphnts, padded

-I-I-I-I6 6

2 -I-

-I-I-I-I4

-I-

5 2 -I-

FIRST

206

One bandage above fracture, the other below, but not pressing on wound Large arm sling, keep tourniquet adjusted General examination. Respiration (shaIlO\y), face (pale), pulse (rapid) Skin (cold), pupils (equal and active) Examine head, spine, ribs, pelvis, limbs ... Evidence of patient s name and address (none found) Shock. Sprinkle face ,vith hot and cold water alternately Smelling salts (if available) to nose, friction of limbs ... CO\'er warmly, apply hot water bottles, tested (if obtainable) Tran port. Examine patient again, decide remove him to ambulance room Prepare and test stretcher, lift and lower patient Lift stretcher, adjust slings, marching Halt, lower stretcher, await arrival of ambulance or doctor

2 6 3 10

2 2 -+

4 6 6 3

A 10.

Feb ru a ry , 1954.

Commander S. C. Taunton ("B" Division), C h ief SubCommanders T. Brittain and T . F. Goode, Sub-Commanders F. Carver, H. Bannister and A. Taslor. The donor of the cup for the inter-divisional competition, Commander W. J. E. Proctor, from headquarters, was al 0 present. S. L. ICB" 84 C. G. Marsh received the first prize in the Individual competition, and S.L. "B" 158 T. J. Broom and S.c. "B" 182 T. ".,T. Jones being second and third respec_ tively. In the team test the winning team comprised S. C. 's <...i . E. Smith, J . W. Jones, ]. James, C. H. Grey. The tea m winning the second prize comprised S. L. C. G. Marsh, S. C 's W. T. H. Bird, L. 'W right, W. C. Twist. S.C. "B" 208 G. V. Hackett, who acted a patient, was handed a little appreciation for his service. The Assistant Chief Constable congratulated Sub-Com . mander Bannister on the efficiency of the mem bers and 0 1 his \\'ork as instructor, a position he has occupied for several years . Ir. 10riarty ac:;ked Sub-Commander Bannister to accept a small token as an appreciation from the membe rs of the division. Commander Taunton proposed a votc ot lhank to the

February, 1954.

FIRST

Examine condition of patient again Report sent with patient or given to doctor General efficiency and co-operation of bearers

2 5 10 200

B1R lINGHAM

SPECIAL

Assistant Chief Constable for his attendance and for the \ el Y deep interest he displayed in the Special Constabulary.

CONSTABULARY.

" B" DI\ ' ISION (NORTH AREA) .

The Daily jllaiZ Ideal Home Exhibition will this year be held at Olympia, London, frol11 April 3rd to 28th. Major A. Wilson presided at the annual meeting of the Tottenham Division, S .]. A. B., held on Wednesday, February 14th. Reports for 1933 were presented and show all active year of work. ~-

At the conclusion of the drill held on Sunday, January 14th, the presentation of prizes was made to the successful candidates of the unofficial examination held in December last in connection with the first aid and ambulance class conducted by Sub-Commander H. Bannister. There was a good attendance of members, and the prizes were distributed by the Assistant Chief Constable (Mr. C. C. H. Moriarty, O.B.E.), who was supported by

The Watford L. M. S. "A" team, captained by Mr. ,\. Taylor, won the Watford District Ambulance Competition held on January 6th, and were awarded the Watford Tradesmen's Association Challenge Trophy.

Does your colleague read FIRST AID, if not, send us his address and we will post him a copy.

~07

Rat/way Ambulance News. Great Western . lL wIll ue a suurce of gratlficatiull tu the many thuusands uf G.\\ .H.. first-aid worhrs to learn that Sn Robert Hornc, 11.P., whu \\0 as recenLly appointed to ~he dlairmanship of the Great VV (;slern RaIlway 111 succeSSlOn tu the late Lord Churchill, has consented tu b(;come Pre'idcnt uf the G.\V.R. mbulance Centre. Sir Robert Hornc, a former Chancellor of the E~ ..: hequLr, was luspectur General of Transport,atlUn 11l I~Jl7, DIrector u1 the Atlil11ralty DelJartment u1 Labour 11 1 1918, ami Third ClVIl Lord of the Admiralty t~e same ) car. 11e entered Parliament in 1918, representll1g the J llllhlad D1'.IS1011 01 Glasgo\\', and onl) 2i munths later \\ a ' appuinted Chancellor 01 the Exchequer. '(hl! (;.\\.1'. Divisional Ambulallcc CUl11pctitiun~ arL IlO \\' in Jirugrl!S~ throug-hout thL wi1I)l e lii the ~y tU11. ~\II 'l1cUuraglllg LIltr) ha~ lJcUI rll:ei\'l~ d , 292 teClll1s-11-1- ill the ad\'<LIlCCd del ,lilt! 1/8 1I1 th e bl' g'Illller 'clas ' . The L l>i \'i 'jullal conk t Me thL fir t roull(l u f the aI1llual serie )f cumpl' Li t ioI1 urgani ed 1>y thL raIlway, and arc held II each uf lhL SL\'\.' IltCCll ambulallce dl\' isiun ' iIllU \\ hlCh th' G.\\'.l\. s\ stlln h dlvidl'd. They are organised by the r L's pectl\ L d;, I l!Jl1al sccrdarics and cUlllmittee, local I 1L'llical Illcn be illg eng'agcd tu adjudicate. . 111 each Di\' i:IUn hand '111l1e chalkn[!" l' truphlcs fllr du th l>e!.:"i11l1er . and ad\ ;,Ilced cia Sl' ~ an.' awarded, in ad d itillll ' lu \'aluahk alld u 'dul priz e' in kllid u/Tt:red by t he directors. Th e .eric of comp etition...; culminates ill the tinal conte 1 a t Padding-tOll, fur the .. Director " .. Chal.1I ISL ~hlclcJ, at \\ hich t wu team . to n :prLslnt the C;rcett \\\'. tLrn RaIl\\ ay 'U1111>,ll1), ill the lnter-rad\\'ay Cumpetlllon are selected.

Birmingham Special Constabulary "B" Division ( Torth Area). Seated, left to right,:-P.S. Batkin, Sub. Commander A. Taylor, Commander W. J. E. ProcLor, Chief Sub. Commander Thomas Brittain, Assistant Chief Constable C. C. H. Moriarty, O. B. E., Commander S. C. Taunton, O.B.E., Chief Sub. Commander T. F. Goode, O.B.E., Sub. Commander Frank Carver, Sub. Commander H. Bannister, Inspector W. Keech.

A I D.

1l0:-'Ol,;Rs.- . ' ()tllicaliull ha~ recellLl y beell n .. cei \ ed uj the ,ltlml . Inn 1)1 the [0110\\ 111°' memb(;rs oi the tall tu ' h e \'cncraIJle OruLr 01 :L. Juhn ul jl.:rualem, in the g radL o£ ServlIlg Drulher, lullO\ving recommendations ubmittLd b) th e G.\\'.I I . Ct.:ntral Ambulanct.: Committee: Mr. j. 'laCt;), Guoel':> l;uard, 'tourbndge j unctio11; ~l r. \Y. T. Smith, 'tore 1 lIer, \\ 'orcestcr; 1\1r. L. G. 1{1) billSUn, :heLl Repairer, Bridgwater. The \t ell lim Vote of Thanks of the Order hd~ bcen ,l\V arded to Mr. F. "Visc, Signalman, Kidlington. These honours han' been granted ill recognitiun of l'.' ceptionally meritoriolls en'ices rendered to the moveme nt oycr a long period of years.

GLUUCESTER.-The annual dl1111er of tbe Glouceskr A mbulance Cla was held at the COll11Clllght Rooms, (; loucester, 011 January 20th, and attended by 130 members dud their friends. Mr. L. J. A. Calloway (District Goods Manager) presided in the una \'oidable absence of l\Ir. S. iVlorris (Div. Supt.), and among others present were the lvlayor (Mr T. Hannam Clark), the City High heriff (.l\lr. A. B. Clutterbuck), the City Member (Mr. H. Lesli e BoY'cc), Mr. R. n. ichol1s (late SllPl. of the Line), and other civic and railway officials. The Chairman referred with regret to the absence of the President owing to il1-health} and after quoting some st ati tics referring to the progress of the movement, said "le sometimes wondered if the tremendous amount of work Invol ved in obtaining first-aid knowledge was appreciated by the public. II c paid special tribute to the medical pro-

£ession lur assi~tallce as lecturers} examiners and adj 11dicators. 1\1r. H. L. Boyce made sympathetlc rcierence. to the recent death uf the Divisional Secretar), 1\11'. j. C. Lallt.:. lIe reminded his hearers that the fir~t ambulance clas, held in the city was in 1889, and that after 23 :>:ea.rs .(~l study and practice the Corps had been founde~ m 19!L-. IIe congratulated it on the useful work accomplished. and the many distinctions achIeved. It was a~l cxce~dmgly creditable record of which the Corps, the Great \\ c tcrn Railway, and the City, mighl be justly p:oud. ... The ~layor presented a number. ot go!d dtiOCI.ll'Y ll1cdals and bars gained by member .ot the Corps dunng the past year, and said no better tn~ute to the zeal and efficiency of the mcmbers could be. tound tl:-an the long' list of a\\ ards he had the pleasure ot prcsentlng. Among uther speaker were i\Ir. R. H. ;\icholl~, :\lr: J. _\V. Jonc , Dr. -tallman, :\1r. Bell, and the City Hlgh ::>hcrlff.

x·

:\IERTl1YR AXIl CEFs.-Over 60 members of the Merthyr and Cdn ambulancL' classes as cmbled_ in the General \Vaitina Room 'f\lerthyr on January 2Jth, when :\1r. Trevo/'Roberts' (D1\'. Supt.) dis~ributec1 ':l ward::. gained in recent examinations. Mr. J enkm (StatlOll l1aster) presided over the gathering. A report on the year's work \\ as submitted by Mr. Dibb, secretary of the r.lerthyr c1as,:::'. :'Ilr. Ruberts congratulated members of the classes 011 thL'Il~ :-;llcce and paid pecial tribute to the go.od work 01 :\Ie ' r . Dibb and ]. Dayies as class secrctanes.

London, Midland and Scottish. The eighth an11ual rClJurt of the ~.:v1. &: S. Raih, ay Ambulance Centre in England and \"\ ale tor lhe ) ear Lnded ] une 30th) 1933) ha now. been. issued. A report rclatin(J' to the 'cotti h section WIll be Issued separately. The number of students who passed their examinations since 1925, I a follows:Fourth Third First Second Total and sub. year year year years 6,1g3 2,753 846 1SJ25 2,584 7,193 3,573 l:H~ 1':)26 1,684 1,O~~ 9,437 4,874 1,020 1n7 2,279 1,263 Sl,733 5,058 1,075 1928 2,158 1,442 9,872 5,156 1,172 1929 2,062 1,481 9,426 5,367 1,128 1930 1,771 1,160 ':),393 5,657 950 1931 1,665 1,121 ,829 5,555 882 1932 1,370 1,022 8,243 5,701 817 1933 1,564 861

it will be seen thal an increase of ll-l is gi \'en fur 1933 as against 1932, and we should like t? congratul~te the General Ambulance Secretary, Mr. GIlbert S. HIll, and his band of enthusiastic district secretaries, on this fine achievement. The gain is not great, but be~ring in mind the trade conditions during 1932-1933 the result must be gratifying to all concerned. .. . . More teams entered for the dlstnct competItlOn, the final which was held in London, being won by Mayfield (Ma~chester). This team also won the International coI1iJpetition between England and Wales anu cotland. Numerous cases of meritorious first-aid were reported

JO'

FIR S T

and th..: follo\\ ing a\\ anIs ha \ c been mack :-First .l"hvo reI : Police Constable G. Donnelly) Fleetwood; Goods hunter .\ . L \\'infieltt Pyc Bridge. Certificates of JJ,'rit: Fitter ,, ' . L. .L\dams, Bath; Labourer G. Butlin) Codnor Park; Lnderman E. Longdoll) Cross Lane; Undcrman \\' . Fou lke " Denbigh; Underman _\ . reap1c) Bcr.kc1ey ~oad; L' nckrman H. Cranger, Berkeley Road; FIller \\ . ~ \ . \ \ "ond, Stockport; ~ tation Master T. A. Jarman, • herg'\\"I11; Apprenticc \Y. Farley) Derb); Apprentice E. :::;talllL~, Derby. Long :en' ice mcdal a warded l1lember ' of the Cent rc 1I1l\'" lotal ..2,800 and in addition 1, -01 first bars (for 2U annual examination ' ) ha\'e been a\\'arded; also 628 second hars, 202 third bars, 5-1- fourth bar ' anel 6 fifth bars. Each bar represent a further fi,"e annual examination. During the year thirty-five members were recognised by the Order of 't. John. The report closes with the Secret,u) 's thanks to the medical profession) district secretaries and committee memhers and others for their yoluntar), se[\·ice. Intere ling te ts wcn.: :,el by Dr. \V. \ Y. ilIcKinncy l()r the co,mpetitors in the 1\lorecambe, Heysham and District L.~I.S. Ambulance Cup Competition, held at Lancaster un Saturday, February 3rd) 193-1-. The result was a ' follo\ys: -~10recambe Promenade, (II ~ marks; Hey ham, 90; Lancaster Green Ayre, 80. Mr. F. K . Rogers, Barrow-in-Furness, presided at the distribution of awards, upported by 1\1r. F . G. T. Adams) ;'[r. J. J. Davies and 1\1r. J. \ iVilkinson. Commander Barni h) R.l .R.) Heyshal11) presented the prIzes to the "'inning teams. SWA -SEA .-Mr. R. D. Roberts, the: District Goods and rasscnger ~lanager at Swansea) has been made HOllorary Divisional President of the L.1\LS. Division, S.J.A.B., Priory for \Yales, and the warrant for this was presented to him at a dinner attended by his staff which was held at the i\Iacb\"orth Hotel) Swansea, on Friday, January 26th. Mr. F. G. ~10bbs, the Local Representative of the Carriage and \\'agon Department, has also been made Vice Honorary President of the above mentioned Divisil)n.

A I D.

February, 1934.

D. Th ornto n a nt! Capt. F. E. Bendix.

l\li~s Slubbing::, actcd

a sec ret ary.

The thirJ allnual competItion for the Ipswich District Ufllccrs ' Ambulance 'hiclJ \\ as held at Ipswich 011 Janu ar) ..27th, the judges being Capt. \V. Goodley) 11. c.) 'om 111i'siollcr) and 1\1r. . J. \\" arren, A ' l. Commissionl.'r , l\o. 1 rrince of \\ 'ale 's District, S.' .L\ .1>. ~even tcams compl.'ll'd and the r~st1ll \'v <IS <IS follu\\":-. . 1, Parke tOll, 291 points; 2) lpwicb, 2691; 3, \VivenhnC', ..263; -1-, Ha \'erhill) ..25 ~ ~; .\ Colehe ter, 2~5; 6, Clacton-oll 'ea, 2-1-8~; 7) ~larks Tey, 2'+3. Maximum points, 375. At the conc]ll. ion of the coJl1petition, 1\1r. G. 13. H<.!II l1essy, Di trict Lorn. Supt.. presented the Shield ami sIlver medals to the Parkest()11 team, and UrtlllZI.' ll1edals tu lhe Ipswich team.

FIRST

Fe bruary, 1934.

mine rals oppose each other's action in the body, whi le others are allied. The calcium of chalk is at wa r with the magnesium of firework Dares. Yet calcium works hand in hand with the "boron" o f bo racic acid, and, in a triple entente, with both coppe r and iron. Such alliances, Dr. Sheldon ~tates, mean that the different minerals must not merely be prese nt in the body, but must be prope rl y balanced.

l09

A I D.

R ead e rs are again invited to fJrward their so lutions lo the above, and to 1he se nd er of the first correct solution opened, a copy of Dr. N. Corbet Fletche r's book " Th e His tory o~ the St. John Ambulance Association" will be forwarded. Oth e r book prizes will be presenled to the next three best so lutio ns . All ent ri es must reach us bj March 8lh, addressed "Crossword, " FI RST AID, 46, Cannon-st reet, Lond o n, E. C. 4. LAST

1\10 TH'S

SO LlJTIO:--: .

- - - ._. - - -

Our Crossword Puzzle.

NORTII-EA 'TERN AR EA. al11lOL1l1CcJ that 2\11'. SIJne} lOUPLI', UI . . tll ct Secretary at Darlington, ha:, been appointed to SL1CCLLC the late Capt. Geo . Jackson as ecrelar~ of the ~nrll Ea tern Area of the L. .E.R. Mr. Cooper has becn connected wlth alllhulance worl (or many years, ha\·jng rl'cl'i,cd his fir ·t-clld certificate il 1908, \'ouchcr 1909 and Illl'c1allion in 1910. lIe \\<1 appointed Cla" 'ecretar) tn the Donca.tl.r Yardm:l tcr ' class in 192.5, a positioll hl held untlj 1<)30, \\ hcn he wa appointed the Darlingtoll District Secretary. Man,)" team have beell coached by ;\Ir. l'()ul'cr iU l competitions, and in his first year a" District 'ccrdar~ at Darlington the ~(). 1 Loco team gained the" \\ hartoll " Trophy. During the carni\al week at Darlington he ha given sub tantial assistanc<.: in arranging competitions, a the Railwaymen's effort for the local hospital fund. II I has, at the request of the Chief Engineer to the Darling-tol1 Corporation, undertaken the formation of an ambulance class in connection with the Transport and Gas \Vnrk-. Staff. 1\1r. Cooper has been in the Railway sen'ice since 1897 and we wish him every success in his new field oi operation.

London and North Eastern.

To fill the position vacated by 11r. Cooper, Mr. S. P. Thompson, Clerk, Yardmaster's Office, Darlington, has been appointed Ambulance ecretary of the Darlington District. Having- artrn <lC; ac;c;ic;tant to Mr. Cnnp<>r f()l' many years) )'1r. Thompson IS \\cll C()l1\lrSclllL \\1111 th l. duties which his new position entails.

SOUTHERN AREA.-G.E. SECTION.

Human Body Like a Mine.

On \Nednesday, February 14th the 2nd annual competit ion for Stratford Am bulance Chall eng-e Shield was held at lhe 1echanics Institute, Stratford. The team test was nicely staged, an d represented a railway station complete "vith bookstall, refreshment room, booking office and waiting room. Th e patient was supposed to have fallen from a Jadder whilst painting and sustained back and leg injuries. The individual tests comprised crushed foot, strained muscles and a cat bite. Capt. W. Goodley, M.C. , judged the team test and illr. \V. R . .\lagnus the individual part. Twelve teams competed and the result was 1st, Stratford Works A, 250 ; 2nd, Printing Works A, 22q; 3rd, Bishopsgate D, 226 . The shield and medals were presented by Mrs. H. H. lauldin, wife of the Supt. of the G. E. Section, L. N". E. R. The proceedings terminated with votes of thanks to Irs. I\lauldin and all who had helped to make the p roceedings a success. Those present included 1\1r. L. P. Parke (Chairman of the District), Col. H. H. l\lau ldin, l essrs. F. E. 'Nilso n, II. W. C. Drury, P. Syder, J. J. R ogers, T. O. Mein, A. G. Smith, D. King, A. R. Hare, L. A. Marr, H. J. Edwards,

POISO l gases and precious m etals may alike Ix raw material, of which the most complex of aL factories, the human bod y , has need. There is lead in the eye, silver in the thyroid g land, and there may be tin in the tongue, but why they arc all there is a mystery which science is only jus begin n in g to probe. These are th e chief conclusions to be drawn f rom an address g ive n by Dr. J. H. h e ldon, of the Ro yal Hospital, Wol ve rhampton, before the Staffordshire Branch of the British Medical Association. The list of minerals which may be found in the body , Dr. Sheldon states, has been almost ,indefinitely extended. It includes "silicon," which is very nearly g lass; arsenic, which is quite definitely lethal; and manganese, which we should be more inclined to look for in steel. Som e

'0 co mpet it o r was s uccessfu l in send in g an all correcL solution to the puzzle publi hed last month, hut to the three cOl11petito r~ whose efforts contaIned the least number of mislake , a copy of « .\ccidents and Emergencies" by A. T. Guoding, presented by the author, will be forwarded. Th e names and addresses of the uccessful I-eaders are :-

F. A. Adder on, 14, Lansdowne-street, King's Lynn, Norfolk; 1\1. ~l. Atherton, 49, LO\·ely-lane, 'Wa rrin gton, Lancs. ; E. R abbelts, Earlsferry Lod~e, Coulsdon Coml1lon, Caterha111, Surrey.

Common Mistakes in First Aid. DISLOCATIO .\cro:,. 13tlnc in the chc..,t. Di..,lrict erg-cant ~lcljor. 0111dime rut illtu a bandage. it The head. 11. Part of the ear . 1•. . \ blow on the head usually - a per on . A well known tonic I! Epilepsy (i\bb.). l' Unite . 1'. Part of the body. 2(). Sometimes causes a di slocation. 2 Superficial contcnts. 2 Organ of thebody(plural) 23. Bone in the leg. 3 . Stinging insect. 3~ . Two stretcher parties make an - . 3" The aorta is a - artery. 3:' A first aider should a lways with a concio us patient. 3E. Agree. 37 Belonging to a femal e. 3 Surgical cleanliness.

OF THE SHOULDER.

Down.

1. Parl of the foot (p lura l). 2 . . \ joint in the body. 3. pawn. 4. P art of the facc. S. Abo\' . 6. .\f ter a blow 011 the head a person i.:> usual ly - . 7. On parade a Jlm cn shou ld be in - . ~. tick)' . 10. Part of the moulh. 12. nits. 13. Everyone - . 16. A doctor's bottle. 18. \Vh e re a lot of acci de nts happen. 21. Hem. 22. \Vas te product of thc body. 23. An ~ge . 24. P erfume. 26. H elps . 27. Where a lot more accidents happe n. 29. With a wound there is usually an - . 30. Shivering fit. 34 . Tear. 36 . Staff-Sergeant (Abb.).

A DI LOCATION is a displacement of one or more bones of a joint. The ligaments are partially or extensively torn, the cartilages may be bruised or partially detached, nei gh bouring muscles and tendons may be lacerated, and blood vessels and nerves may be compressed or otherwise injured. There is also often a considerable effusion of blood in to the joint and neighbouring tissues. Sometimes the end of a bone may be grasped by neighbouring ligaments and tendons in such a way as to render its replacement most difficult. Spasmodic contractions of the muscles further hamper replacement. l\luch more could be said about the sequels of even the most apparently simple and uncomplicated of dislocations. But the above brief outline should be sufficient to correct the common impression that the dislocation of a joint is as easy to deal with as a wheel which has come off a motor car. This fa lse impression is apt to be fostered by the sight of a skilled surgeon reducing a dislocation of the shoulder. He examines it carefully and then, with an apparently simple manoeuvre,

~10

FIRST

a mere turn or two of the patien t's arm and, hey pre to, the head of the humerus glides back into place with a click and all is apparently a it \\?s before except for a slight local soreness and stlUness. Now, dislocation of the shoulder are practically as common as all the other dislocation together. l\Iany first aid workers have seen one or more such cases. There are persons whose shoulder join ls are repeated! y dislocated, the injury inflicted on the first occasion having so weakened the structures supporting the joint that it is henceforth the prey of quite trifling accidents. Such persons sometimes learn the trick ~f red~c ing their dislocations themselves, a habIt whIch further tends to encourage their friends in the belief that anyone can reduce a dislocation. There are, of course, occasions when someone who is not a doctor may have to do his be5t to reduce a dislocation. On exploring expeditions there may be no doctor available. But in civilised communities the first aid worker should avoid all manipulative tampering with an apparently dislocated joint, and should leave it to a doctor. "\Vhat may happen if this advice is ignored '? The amateur operator may be apparently quite successful. The head of the displaced bone may snap back into its socket, and the patient may be overjoyed at suddenly regaining the old range ~f movement about the joint. The doctor's fee IS saved, and the patient parts with his amateur suraeon rejoicing over having got so cheaply out of his little difficulty. But has he? In the first place the amateur may have permanently and unnecessarily injured the ligaments and other neighbouring structures, with thE' result that the patient henceforth bE'comes subject to recurrent dislocations of the same joint. Such a patient goes through life with a veritable sword of Damocles hanging over him . Again, if the doctor's services are dispens~d with because an amateur operator has succeeded 111 reducina the dislocation himself, important aftertreatme~t may be, and probably will be, neglected. There are, however, many useful things to be done by a first aid worker as he will find if he follows the instructions given in his first aid manual. These instructions are of such a general character that they are applicable in all countries, and the following notes, taken from the sixth edition of the British Red Cross First Aid Manual may be considered as being internationally applicable. It should, however, be noted that a general anaest.hetic is not invariably given by the doctor reducll1g a shoulder dislocation. (a) Out of doors. Su pport the 11mb in the position most comfortable to the patient, so that any jarring during transport is limited. Move the limb as little as possible.

A I D,

February, 19.34.

(i) Loosen the clothing round the injured joint. (ii) P lace a pad of a folded newspaper, cloth cap, or something of similar size betwee n the lower part of the arm and the body . (iii) Bandage the arm to the body wit !l anything available by taking the bandag ' over the arm and right round [he ches. Bandage th forearm in whate\'er positIon th ~ patient find most comfortable. (iv) Take the patient to the doctor. (b) I/ldoors. If the patien t is not well enough to go to th e cioctor, send for him, and in the meanwhile (i) Remove th clothing from the UpPLf part of the body. This is done by removin ~ the sound arm from the sleev first. I r r~ moval of clothin a is painful, it should be Cl t up the seams. (ii) Put the patient to bed, supportin ,., the limb on pillows in a comfortable positio I Give him nothing to eat, as he will require aancesthetic. (iii) Apply a towel wrung out in col J water over the injured joint.

211 FIRST February, 19.34_. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ AID ____ ' _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

eorning t;"ents. The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars of forthcf)\lling events for inclusion under this heading.

FRACITRE OF TIlE P ,\TELLA. FEBRUARY.

)3. -Police National Firc:;t Aid Competition Finals, Central TIall, \\'estminster, r,ondon. 2-1 . Goldthorpc and Barnboro' Division, S.].A. B., Annual l1pen" oar" hallcnge Cup Competition. )/1 cond .\nnual Dancc and \Vhisl Dri\'e of the \Vigan - ' Corps, S.J,,\.B., at the Baths A ell1bly Hall, \,\Iigan. ),'.- Dance at Brixton Bon r\larche in aitl of the fund . of the TO. C)l} (Lamheth) Di\ ision, .. J,,\. B. ~l.\RCll.

outhern Railway 'orp (outhern), .],,\.B, .\nnual om petition for orps and Challen~e hield at Sydenham and Forest IIill . ocial Cluh. . ocial and Dance follo\\'~. I.

to.

11.

- - - . _ . -- l1.

fetters

the

&ditor.

).'.

We are in no way responsible for the opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondents.- EDITOR.

First .\nnual Dinner antl Dance of the ?\o. 117 (Hayes) Di \ ision, S.] . .\.8., at tin: Grapes lIotel, Haye<;. ~n. 1 (. t. John's Gate) Di\·i iOll, .. ]..\.B., will he holtling- it danel' al I he horeditch Town Hall. APRIL. Open Annual Competition of the IIarworth Colliery Oi\ ic:;ion, .. J... \. B., for the" T. . Barlwr" :\Iemorial Shield al1tlthc ., \Irs. \\'rig-ht" Cup. .\nnual Dinner t1f t!1e IIo ' ritaller<,' Cluh, Connaught Rooms, London. ~o. 1 (Prince of Wale's) Ditrict Final Comretitions, :\(1rthampton Institute, Clerken\\'cll. :\\,\ \.

APPRECL\TIOK.

SIR,Thank you for the cop)' of FIRST l \ID. :\ia) 1 congra tu late you on the excellent reminder of an excell nt journal As far as I am concerned it will need no reminder t..,r me to renew m)' subscriptioll. - Yours faithfully, ( 1is) D. ,\. P. London.

DEAR

DON

IlOSPITA.L :\lED1C.\L COLLEGE.

SlR,Because ot its personal application, 1 should like III thank W. 'vV. for his letter which appeared in the JanU cll') issue of FIRST AID. Such marks of appreciation of the work 1 am privileged to do, mal{e me the more keen to carryon. I note with interest his sugg-estion that 1 put into bOcl !;: form the substance of my lectures, but whilst thanking hll11 for same, would point out that for me to i sue such a bo( K let would be to weaken the twofold ideal of my lectures. Firstly, I give them voluntarily in gratitude for m)' life having been saved by an ambulance worker, and secondly, I feel that the collections which I make may benefit th e hospital which completed the cure. A booklet would necessarily have to be sold, and collcv lions would then be smal1~r, and also to charge even a sm all amount would be to rob the lectures of their voluntary status. I feel I might well consider W. W.'s suggestion after I have retired from hospital work and active service, bu t I should like, nevertheless, to thank your correspondent for the interest he has taken.-Yours sincerely, WALTER J. HARRIS, A. O.

After-treatment-The fracture is reduced, and any of the following splints may be used: Dubuytren's splint, a box splint, or a Syme's horseshoe splint.

British Ped Cross ncietr" Stimler" _ hield Final Competitions, \\Tharnc1in:e Rooms, \Iarylehone, 1.Ol1tlol1. Sl. John .\rnbulance Brigade Final ompetitions, lIotel Grl'tlt cntral, London.

Lectures in First Aid .""

Cause- Tsuall y due to muscular action, this generally happens when attempting to prevent a fall. Symptoms-Loss of power, pain, the gap between the fragments can usually be felt; as a rule there is marked swelling o( the knee, which is due to hcemorrhage and serious effusion. First Aid-Lay the patient down with the legs extended, apply a back splint extending from the huttocks to beyond the (oot. Elevate the leg. After-treatment-This fracture is usually treated by operation when the fragments are wired together . ·M ovements are commenced as soon as the wou nd is healed. CHTSI-lED Four (FR .\CTCRE OF THE TAR'-;l'S, :'IETATA RSCS,

.i\ . D

Cause-:'Iost commonly caused by direct violence. ymptoms-Pain, swelling and loss of power. First Aid-Remove the hoot by slitting the back seam and undoing the laces. Apply a wellpadded s pI in t to the sole of the foot, extendin g from the heel to the toes, and held in position by a figure of 8 bandage. At'ter-treatmen t - R est wi t h massage and Jl1o\·ement. SEPARATION OF

EPIPHYSES

(i.e., the extremity of a long bone ·which is separated [rom the shaft by a plate of cartilage in a you ng person: _eparation may occur up to the age of :?5, as all the epiphyses are not united until then). DL EA E OR

By A DOCTOP.

PHAL\:\'GE ).

INJURY .

F RA TLJ RES. - ( L017iz'1l lied).

Symptoms-Similar to those of fracture or dislocation. Treatment-As for fractures.

Porr's FRAcTl' RE.

DISLOCA TIOl\' . .

Cause Commonly caused by slipping off the ke rb, when the (oot is forcibly turned outwards. T he lower end of the fibula is fractured, this is sometimes accom panied by a fracture of the medial malleolus, and rupture of the ligaments. Symptoms-Marked tenderness at the site of fracture, the medial malleolus is unusually prominent, and the foot is everted. First Aid-As for fracture of the tibia and hbula.

* Reprinted by courtesy of tht; h'ish .iVu1'sin,!] !los/n'tal World.

and

Dislocations are displacements of the ends of bones forming joints. Cause-Usually caused by indirect violence, when the capsule of the joint gives way and the end of the bone escapes through the tear. Symptoms-Deformity, loss of power, pain, which is very severe, fixity of the joint, abnormal position of the lim b, discolouration and swelling are uSllall y marked . First Aid-No attempt should be made to reduce the dislocation; the limb should be placed

212

FIRST

in as comfortable a place as possible and supported. Treat shock, and apply cold compresses to the joint. After-treatment-The dislocation should be reduced by th..:! surgeon as soon as possible; an ancesthetic is usually necessary; an operation is sometimes performed. The limb is kept at rest, and when massage and movements are carried out, care must be taken to avoid movement in the direction in which the dislocation occurred. SPRAINS

are caused by overstretching and tearing of the ligaments surrounding a joint. ymptoms-Severe pain, increased on movement; swelling and discoloration. First Aid-Apply an elastic bandage, and keep the limb raised After-treatment-Massage and movement are started immediately; no splints are used, as the patient must u e the limb after a few days.

A I D.

February, 1934.

Malaena- Hccmorrhage from the bowel. Ecchymosis-Hccmorrhage under the skin. Epistaxis-Hcemorrhage from the nose.

TERMS ApPLIED TO HLE~rORRHAGE FROM DIFFERENT ORGAN S .

Hcemoptysis-Hcemorrhage from the lung. Hcematemesis - Hcemorrhage from the stomach.

FIRST

COMPILED

AMBULANCE 3'

The Sparklet '{ Pocket Resuscitator. " • Tn. 1 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B. IT is now a recognised feature to use carbon dioxide as a means to assist the resuscitation of an unconsciou per on Early patterns of resuscitators ,,'ere, however, of a typl which, although excell nt, did not lend them eh' s to as\ portability. This has now heen 0\' rcome by lessrs. parklets , Limited, of Upper Edmonton, London, N.18, \\'ho hm placed on the m ,lrket an etlicient " pocket resu citator" or "gun," which measure but 10 inches long- and weighs 1,] Ibs. Into the metal co\'ering is in ertcd a " parklet" bulh. These bulbs contain carbon dioxide which produces 12 :: litres of gas and is sunicient for six minutes' upplr at an optimum rate of 2 litres per minute. The outl1ow i. reg-u lated by a fine adju tment \'a!\,e; a fr sh bulb can be insC'rted

in a moment. Other bulbs obtainable contain 7 per cent. C, O 2 and 93 per cent. oxygen or pur.e oxygen if required. InstructIOns for the use of thiS resuscitator arc \en simple. The valve key. is screwed down, thus c1o:.ing. needle valve; the holder IS removed and a bulb inserted in the p!ercing chamber, the holder is then replaced and the screwIng down movement causes the piercing of the bulh. The resuscitator is then ready for use. For ~lpplication to person~ apparently drowned carbon dioxide is administered by placing the nozzle about' an in('h from the patient's nose and mouth during in sp irations. To adminis.ter carbon dioxide with air a simple face mask and bag IS recommended, and a mixture of approximately 7 per cent. CO 2 and 93 per cent. air is inhaled. This l~tter outfit, \vhic~1 comprises face mask, bag and resusCitator, fits neatly In a small box and weighs about 3 lbs. The accompanying- photograph clearly illustrates the " Pocket Resuscitator" and size of the bulb. It will be seen that this outfit can easily be placed in an amb ulan ce haversac, or even in the pocket and carried without inconvenience

A 10.

2 13

Our Nurses' Pages.

----- ,--.---

HJEMORRHAGE. Hcemorrhage may be external or internal. \Vhen blood escapes from a vessel on the surface of the body it is termed external hcemorrhage; when the same condition occurs in one of the bodv cavities and remains inside it is termed intern~l hcemorrage. Primary hcemorrhage occurs immediately after a vessel is divided. Reactionary hcemorrhage occurs during the period of reaction after the schock of a wound or operation within 24 hours. It is due to a rise of blood pressu re dislodging a clot in a vessel. Secondary hcemorrhage is the result of septic infection of a wound, causing necrosis of the wall of a vessel. This never occurs before 48 hours, when the septic process has time to establish itself. It may occur at any time after that period. Hcemorrhage may be (1) Arterial; (2) Venous; (3) Capillary. (1 )-If the bleeding is arterial the blood is bright red in colour; it escapes in jets, which corresponds with each beat of the heart. The greatest loss takes place from the side of the ruptured vessel which is nearest the heart. (2)-Venous hcemorrhage is dark red in colour; it escapes in a steady stream. The principal loss is from the end of the vessel which is farthest away from the heart. (3)-Capillary hcemorrhage is red in colour and oozes from the ruptured vessels.

February, 1934.

GRAYS NLTR . . IN(. Dr\'! lo~.-The annual compC'tition for !Ill' "IIarvey" Cup \\'as helel on Thursday, January 25th, the L1dges beil{g the COlllmissioner for the District, Capt. Vv'. ( inodley, L. "., and District OOleer Fitch. The former (: \<l mined the practical work and the latter conducted a \ i\ a \·occ examination. .\mbulance i. ter Hu ('\ \\ on first place with AmbulanLl' i-;ter Gillett a clt)sC' ru~ner-up, he being only half a Jllark behind the winner. :\lrs. Gillett held the trophy last ) ear. SOl'IIIE:-\O N{ l R I:-\C DI\ ISloN. - \Ve regret to report t htlt Dr. Ker:,lakl" until quite fecently the Lady Di\'i ional \Jr!~eo n, died on January 1bl. Dr. Kcr"lakc jDined the Division in February, 1925, and rl'signed only a \'{~ry short time ~lgO ll\\'ing to ill-health. he \\ a:-; .d\\il)S of g-reat help in the Di\·j· ion, and the members will mi." her \'c ry much. SIIOHEJ)JTCII :-\l 'I~"' I:-\(; DI\' lslo:-\. - Ft)llo\\ in~ tllL' recent (' 'urSL' of lecture" in Fir"t .\id anu IIollle \'ursin~ arranged h\' the Ili\'ision, a presL.ntation of CL'rtillcalL'.., to the succe sr ~1 can diuatcs at till' subsequent t'"amination . . in those suhje l'h took placc ;It Lro\l: \\'alk ~c l1l)ols, Iwreditch, on 1\lt'sda\ L'\'cning, FI.'hruar) 6th. The certillcatls were \ery kindly pre.,ented by Lady })islriLl ~Upl. :\liss Ridcl)ut, who also addrcssed the COJllpany and pointed out the benefit:, t)f joining a Tursing Di"isio n of the Brigade and the duties of a member of a J)i\ ision. .\ slh)rt del11onstration of practical Fir t c\id and Home , ·u r..,ing' wa tht'l1 gi\'en by members of the Di\'ision, \\'ith t ranSpl) rt of the injured tl1 sheller by Illeans of impro"ised tretrhe rs and hand scats. l\[iss Pilkington, ;\Iatron of t. Leona rd'.; Hospital, aftcr\\'.trds addressed them, and COI1g- ratu lated them on their work, particularly in "ie\\' of the t let that the majority of th(,111 had Ic..,s than nine months' en ice in the Brigade. There were ahout 60 members and friends prc ent, in( luded amollng the latter being Lady Di. trict Officer Miss 'Walker, Di trict Ollicer and 1\lrs. Pa co, Di trict l1fTtce r anJ :\1 rs. Roust, Di\' upt. and 1\Irs. L. Herbert, ])i\. urt. and I rs. II. II. Dye, Lady Di\,. upL ~[r . Walton. T\\,ICKENIJ.\;\I NUHC:;IN(~ DI\·ISION.-The annual general meet ing of this Di\.'iion \\'as held on Friday, January 26th, It York House Clinic. The chair was tat.:: n by Lady Di\,. upL 1\1 rs. Horner, who, in her report, mentioned thar there had been several l han~es in the Division during- the last year. They had lost their Divisional Surgeon, Dr. Pendred Charles, who had moved to Cambridge, but who had very kindly written and ' ''pressed his willingness to assist them at any time when he r ould possibly do so. The former treasurer had resigned, lnd her place had been filled by Mrs. Hanks. Owing to the IIlcrease in Divisional work, a secretary had been appointed, \liss "V. Thompson now occupying that position. On the Area starr there had also been a change, Robinia, Viscountess Mountgarret, O. B. E., having been appointed Lady District OfTtcer.

•

SISTER..

As a result of the first aid and home nursing lectures last season, four nev,' members had joined the Di\'ision, and thanks were due to Dr. A. P. YonKe for the very interesting series o~ lectures in first aid he h:'ld gi\'en, and also to i\.lrs. A. Yonge for promising to give the home nursing lectul-es. The thanks of the Division were due to the matron of Hounslow Hospital for her help and interest in the Division, and for allowing the members to help at the hospital and to receive instruction there. During the year, 273 attendances on public duty had been made, and 150 attendances at Hounslow, Putney, Richmond and Charing Cross Hospitals put in, whilst, in addition, the members had attended to many first aid cases other than on public duty, one member alone registering 160 cases at her place of business. AlthouKh blood transfu ions were not actually counted a \\'ork in connection with the Brigade, two members were to b~ congratulated on their work in that respect, one having recel\'ed the bronze medal of the London Blood Transfusion Society for her tenth tran , fusion in three years. Another had acted as donur on no fewer than fifteen times durinO' n\'e years. .., The accounts were presented by the treasurer, 1\1rs. IJanks, and showed a fair balance in hand. During the year the Division had raised money by means of a whist dri\' , jumble sale and !lag day. :\lr. Hanks and ~Ir. Baker offered their sen'ices as honorary auditors, and were duly elected.

V. A. D. I"SPECTION. The annual inspection of \T. A. D. London 120, 29H and 350 took place at \\'inchester House, Old Broad-street. E.c., on Saturday afternoon, February hlh. These detachments are composed of members of I'in bury, Temple, Toynbee Hall and Shoreditch I ursin'" Di\·i ions of the Brigade. .., The Inspecting Officer was received by l\1ajor J. H. Bank, County Controller for the County of London, and Robinia, Viscounte s Mountgarret, O. B. E., A i tanl County Controller. Lady District Officer ~Iiss 'W alker also attend d to represent the Commis ioner of I o. 1 District. The detachments ,,-e re first inspected as they were draw? up under their Commandants, and then were gi\'en practical work to do. The Inspecting Olllcer said that it was to be upposed that there had been a charabanc accident with many casualt ies, and he wished the mem bers to render first aid treatment to the injured, including the application of the Thoma splint for fractured femur. He examined all the work done and que tioned the V. A. D.' on their treatment of the particular cases. E:'lch member was then gi\'en an oral examination in home nursing, with reference to specific cases of infectious di eases and other illnesses. Then followed hand-seat drill and que tions in chemical warfare and the defence ef th~ ci\'ilian popUlation during such The Inspecting Officer addressed the detachments at t_he ~lose of the ex~n:inations, and expressed l1is pleasure at 11l1dlng them so efhclent. He also thanked them for gi\'in o ' up their ti.me in. order ,to prepare themsel\'e for any eme; gene), which mIght anse, and for attending the inspection on such a foggy afternoon. l\Iajor Banks added his congratulations on the demonstrat ion of efficie ncy \Vhich had heen given.

~14 ~o.

FIR S T

2 DISTRIT, S.J .A.B.

READING ~URSING Dl\'ISIO T.-Nursing Cadet attached to this Di"i ion attended their annual new year's tea at the \Ve Ie) Schoolroom, Queens-road, last month. There \," ere about 50 of them pre ent, and there ,,'ere also a number of their friends there, too. A concert had been arranged to entertain the company after tea, the following arti te kindly gi"ing their sen'ice , their efforts being warmly applauded : [ r. Harvey (jazz drums), Cadet E. Heyburn (re itation), ~Iaster l i1J (song), i\1is es J. Smith and Bouton (dance ), Cadet E. W ilson (recitation), i r. Buckmaster and ~1r. Owen (ketches), :\ [ rs. Brake peare and 1\l rs, Hive (song), '\Ir. Foote and Ir. Buckingham (" Blackface" entertainers), 1\1r. R olfe (conjuring), and Cadet V, Glass (pianoforte solo) . During an inten'al in the programme, a,,'ards gained by members of the Nursing Di\'i ion in the annual re-examination were presented, Lady Div. Supt. Mrs. \Vaters also received a bar to the Sen-ice l'IIedal which he already hold. Supt. \Vinlerbourne ga\'e a short address on the work of the Nursing Diyi ion, of which he spoke appreciati\·ely. The tea and concert were arranged by Lady Cadet Supt. Miss Tilling, assisted by Lady Cadet Officers :\J rs. Hopkins and '\ [iss Fenton.

No. -+ DISTRICT, S.J.A.B. BLACKBl'RN N URSIKG DInsloNs.- The annual Divisional Competitions were held last month at the headquarter of the Blackburn Corps. For the Home Nursing competition there were seven entries, .-\mbulance Sister l\liss Pomfret again being awarded first place and the "Helen Kenyon" Sih'er Rose Bo'>vl, which she already held. .\mbulance Sister Miss Howarth v.'as the runner-up, and was presented with the second prize, an umbrella. Sixteen competitors entered for the First Aid test and trove to win the "Richard Howard" trophy, presented to the Division by Mrs. S . J. Howarth, of Whalley Range, in memory of her son who was killed in the Great War. Ambulance Sister l\1iss Nightingale gained the highest number of marks in this competition and the trophy, while Ambulance Sister Mrs, Sharrock carried off the second prize, a small clock. The judges were Dr. Iessenger, of Blackburn, and Dr. lcAdam, of Darwen. ?\Irs. Clarke, wife of the Corps Surgeon, very kindly presented the trophy and prizes to the winners.

BLACKPOOL NURSING DIVISION,-On \Vednesday, January 10th, this Division held its annual re-union, T his proved a very successful evening, tllere being over 300 mem hers and friends present. Besides a supper, a whist drive and a dance had been arranged for the enjoyment of those attending, Ambulance Officer J, Hartley acting as 1, c., for the whist drive, and Sergt. E. Schofield for the dancing. During the evening, a silver cup was presented to Lady Amb . Officer Miss H. Braithwaite in appreciation of her devoted services to the Division, and a cup, given by Miss Martha Wood for annual competition among the members of the Division, was presented to the winner, Ambulance Sister Miss Hilda Nield . The cups and the prizes won at the whist drive were presented by Miss L. A. Holt, ]. P . The arrangements for the e\'ening were ably carried out hy Lndy Div. Supt. Mrs. Kelsall, Lady Amb. O(liccr Mrs,

A I D.

1-1e hrllary , 19.34.

Crowther, and Ambulance Sisters Belton.

[ i _ Slater and

[ iss

A S

V.A.D. KENT 50. - In order to arouse interest i n thi s detachment, and if pas ible gain more members, a m eetingwas held at Hayes Vi llage Hall on Wednesday J anuary 31st. Ii s V. Thompson, the Commandant, took the chair, and w as supported by Mi s Cra ter, A istant Commandant , Dr. J , Hopton, and ]\ Iiss Batten, om mandant of V.A. D. Kent 60. Dr. Yoland ent hi . regrets at his inability to 11C' present. ]\ [i s Thompson cxplained thal although the detachmen t cmbraced Bromley Common, Hayes and Keston, thei r member hi p wa very _mall, only numbering- 12 members , and they were \'ery anxious that more ladie would join them . They felt that in the rapidly growing local population there must be ome who would willingly and gladly aLlend cIa se" in fir t aid and home nursing, and join the detachment i only the mo\'ement \\'ere brought to their notice. Any such ladies would recei\'e a welcome from her and the other officers and members of the detachment. i\1iss BatLen said that in order to become a member, it was first nece ary to attend course of leclure and gai n certificates in first aid and home nur ing-. Any ladi \\'h ) took these classes would find them well \\'orth their while In these days of hurry and bustle and many tre t accid n h it was just as well to kno\\' omething of f1r t aid. In theon', every woman was supposed to be a bor r nurse. In practice this was found to be untrue. om women had more aptitude in this direction than others, bu all had to learn how to deal with sick. The cIa . es in hom nursing and the subsequent knowledge gained after joinin .... a \'oluntarv aid detachment " 'ould be found inyaluablL The day came to most people when they were required t nurse someone of whom they were \'ery fond, and Mis Batten said she could not imagine anything- \\ orse than no being able to do so when the need aro e. Every memher of a detachment had to make at leas 12 attendances during the year in order to qualif) for eOl ciency. The uniform cost each member under £1, and if V.A. D. Kent 50 the annual subscription \\'a only 2 6, s that the cost of membership was not "cry ~reat. Anyone could join a detachment as a mobile or an im mobile member. The latter agreed to a ist a and whe she could, while the former undertook to be ready for se rvice anywhere if a national emergency arose. Naturall) the mobile section was of the greater \'alue to the countl'} , although it was not possible for everyone to join it. V . A. D,'s were not only an absolute necessity in time of war, when they were needed to augment the existin ~ fighting services, but they were invaluable in times of peace. They could help when epidemics of diseases ocurred ; the. could assist at variou civil hospitals where they wou ld gai l useful knowledge; V.A.D. Kent SO had done wonderfu l work in the hop gardens, members providing staff fOI dispensaries at which sick and injured pickers were treated . In this they were the pioneers. Her own detachment, Mis Batten said, had undertaken road duty for some time past. Following Miss Batten's address, 1iss Thompson thanked her for the interesting- way in which~she_had ex plained their cause. After refreshments had been erved, a humorous sketch was performed by members of the detachment, ill ustrating how u seful V. A. D.'s can be in an emerg-ency. I tems (Di dsional news and competiti om, social, interesting duties, lectures, etc ,), for this page should be sen t to A mbu lance Sister, c/o The E ditor, FIRS T AID, 46, Cann on S t. , London, E. C. 4·

When corresponding with advertisers :ner.tion "FIRST AlD."

215 AiD. FiR S t ---------------------------------------------------------------

ebrllary, 19.34 .

kind ly

A S

DEPENDABLE

INVEST AMBULANCE.

A N

IN AN

A U S T

AU STIN

Consider the (Sixteen' model

The Austin Sixteen six -cylinder ambulance has that capacity for long years of dependabl e service w hich makes it a thoroughly sound in vestment. And although it costs only £46210s. you obtain most

of those essential qualities found only in the larger and more e xpensive Austin ambulances. It has the same special interior constru ction and equipment, the same careful attention to the detailed w ants of both patient and driv er. The body is framed in best English ash and oak, thoroughly seasoned, panelled in aluminium and lined inside w i th a 3-ply wood. A supple suspension s ystem ensures extreme riding comfort for the patient. The stretcher gear is easily and q uickl y op erated. Every feature, from double-acting bolts on the rear doors to linked Triplex gla ss in the window of the rear compartment, is the result of specialised experiencebrought w ithin the reach of limited means. Additional equipment can be fitted to s uit any particular requirements. Write for the Austin Ambulance Catalogue w hich is copiously illustrated and gives details of the full range.

THE AUSTIN SIXTEEN H.P. STANDARD 6-CYLINDER AMBULANCE (as illustrated) - £461 105.

Tbe ill lenor of the 16 h.p. a mbu lan ce supplied 10 the West K ettt Jo int Hospi la l B oard. ote Ihe t ll'O single strelcber ctlrriers, tarlill's type, 'Sorbo' beds, polished allllll illilllll belo u' u.:aisl-liue, tl lld hot f{'tller heal ing.

(Chassis £226), 12 h.p. sland ard fourc)'lill der A m bulance, £426 lOS. (Chassis, £190.) 20 h.p. sla ndard Ambu la ll ce, £ 710. ( Cbassis, £385.) P, itlale Saloon 20 h.p. sixcyli lzder A mbula n ce 011 sp ecial {ow,loading chassis, £785. { Chassis, £385.} {Prices at u ·ol'ks.}

AUSTI N GENERAL SPeCIFICATION ofSix lemS fa nt!clrcl A m bula nce. lJ7b eelbase, 9 ft . 4 ins., six·cyiil1 der el1gille witb eight-bearing cra nkshaft. iUagll etic iglJ i tioll, lo-gct/loll petrol la nk, Se 711ielliptic a n d zin c-inte rlea tled springing, Sil en tbloc nOIlI"brica led shackl ~s. Hydra ulic shock absorbet·s front cmd ,'eeli'.

THE AUSTIN MOTOR CO. LTD., BIRMINGHAM.

SHOWROOMS: 479-483, OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.l

FIR S T

216

Queries and J\nswet's eot't'espondents.

~l1eries will be dealt with under the following rules;I. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left band corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AlD , 4 6 , Cannon-street, London, E.C.4· 2. -All Queries must be accom panied by a "Query Coupon" cu from tbe current issue ot the] (lurnal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue. 3.- The Textbook. to which refelence may be made in this column is the 38th \1928) Edition of S.] . A. A. Manual of First Aid.

\VATER-GAS ASPHYXIA. J. H. (~Iountain Ash). -Recently we were discussing in our class the causes of Asphyxia, and we shall be grateful if YOU will help us out of a difficulty by telling us what is \Vater-Gas Asphyxia. The Textbook refers lo this among " Poisonous Gases" on p. 1-+7. \Vater-Gas Asphyxia is poisoning by Carbon .\I0noxide, an odourless gas giyen off from ill~minating ga~ bur,:ing charcoal, imperfectly fitted combustlOn stoves, bnck kdns, etc.

Death may take place immediately on exposu~e to the gas; or the signs and symptoms m.ay.be gradual In ?nset, coma being preceded by headache, gld?lOe~S and d~o\VslOe~s. If, howe\'er, excess of Carbon l\lonoxlde IS associated '\' I~h deficiency of Oxygen, then in addition to these narcotiC effects we may ha\'e signs of Asphyxia.-N. CORBET FLETCHER. EXA:'>llNATION HO\\,LER . D.S. (East London). - ln a recent examination a candidate was asked the treatrnent of Apoplexy. You may perhaps visualise the urprise of the examiner when the candidate said- " I Tau should walk patl'ent up and down the room to keep him awake .l" and the emphatic reply of the examiner "I ,uould not.l Good!

Next, please! !- N. C. F.

TREAT;\IENT OF SPRAINED ANKLE OUT-OF-DoORS. T. E. (Ashby).-If 'vve have to treat out of doors a patient suffering from a Sprained Ankle, the Textbook tells us to leave the boot. Please explain this instruction. The advantages of leaving the boot in position during the treatment of Sprained Ankle out of doors are: (1) limitation of swelling of joint which will almost certainly follow quickly on the accident; (2) protection from possible aggravalion 'w hile toot is being removed and the precise nature of iniury settled- often a difficult matter with injured joints; and (3) avoidance of delay in the removal of the patienllo shelter and doctor. - N.C.F.

range during her cooking- dutie . , and there w~s a sligh t bli ter raised. i\S the place was quite clean I covered it with . piece of Picric Gauze \\'hicll 1 put 011 dry. Then 1 put n cotton wool and secured i( \\'ith 2-inch roller bandagl 1 find that there is no mention a to ho\\' we shoul d apply a Picri c Gauze dre sing in the 3 ~ th edition; an d I shall be graleful if you will tell me if this dres in . hould be appli d wet or dry!

~ Pl{ . \I:--EI) .\:-\KLL~

I ~J)OOlh.

R. B. (Rad tock). I shall be \1:1') g-ratL'lul if ) llll will kindl enlarge upon the \\ ords . , and trl .tL a<; alxnl!" g-i\en il the treatm e nt o f a . praincd .\nkle fllduo}'s, on pag l 8-+ of th e TexLbook. 1 have a compd ition paper which g-i\' ' ;, the trea tment, after removal of boot and SLl1lking, exact I: ,1 that tated ill the T~,'\.tb~J lJk (p. 83) fllr Sprains, il1ll11l:d i atel), preceding a s prained ankle (including- icc or Ctlll water dressings, and \\'hen thi:-; faih tll g-i\'e relid, appl ) warmth , etc. ). There is now a J~)uht a~ to \\ hdher 'I t reaL , IS ahon:' means re-appl) the rigllre-of-eig-ht hallll (ll~c and \Vet it or carry out the gen ' ral treatmcnt for a 'iprain as I1ll n tioned in the competition paper quoted . Your deci~i \1 will be greatly appreciated. The competition paper is correct.

A.l.F.

SILVESTER'S ~l I:: lIIOD UF i\RlIFI CIAI

Ih.sl'IIUTll)/\.

A. F. (Kettering-).-Plea e tell me if Sihestl'r's :'Ilethod ot Artificial Respiration is the best method to appl) in a case of Strychnine Poisoning, and also if a judge ough to expect us to apply this method in a competition, se eing that it has been placed in <tn appendix of the 3~t l Edition ot the Textbook. Schafer's Melhod is to-day recognis~d as best for al l cases. Artificial respiration is little likely to be required in cases of Strychnine Poisoning, because the patient usuall y retains consciousness practically to the point of death, ami any manipulations are likely to precipiLate the recurrence LI convulsions, during which no method of artificial respiratio l can be of any avail. With reference to your second query, if the competitiOl is conducted on the Textbook, no judge should expect com petitors to apply Silvester's l\Iethod, because it is outsid L the body of the Textbook.-N.C. F.

TREATMENT OF SPRAINED ,\NKLE I l\'J)OOI{S. PICRIC ACID GAt)ZE FOR BUR~S.

E. B. (Oxford).-l am very much interesled in all matters dealing with first aid, and I have learned all that I know from the 38th edition of the S.J.A.A. Textbook. Recently I was asked to dress a slight burn on a girl's arm, caused by it coming- in conta ct with the hot

similar supporl,. 1 should do nothing further except apply. a fO?1entatlon. We would much like your ruling on thiS pomt, as the discussion st ill continues among us.

A. H. (Thornton) .-The Textbook tells us with reference to treatment of Sprained Ankle, that" when patient is in doors or has reached shelter," we should remO\'e boot and stocking and then "treat RS above . " 1 maintai 1 that this means "replace bandage and wel as for ou tdoor treatment"; but a doctor tells ll1e that I am wron g and that after resting the ankle on a pillow or SOI11 I.'

A I D .

1~' I ECI 10L:S DISEA'-,ES.

':.'1'. (Bl:ccle~). - 111 the current edition of the Home-Nur ing ~extbook (1) the note 011 carIel Fever make no mentIOn of infect~on beint.; carried during the peelingprocess. Does t1W:i mean that peeling of the kin is no l~nger, regarded as a source of infection with Scarlet ~:e\'er:' .. \1 0, ~2) though Erysipela is cia ified under J n~e 'llous Dlseasc~ \\·.ithou~ Rash," the Textbook (I'. 1 13) tells u that It. I olatlOn period lasts until the rash l~a di .app ared and peeling has fini hed. To the lay llllI1d thIS sounds contradictory. Plea e elucidate.

( 1) Yes. , (~~. TIll;" term ;~ clII:tl~adictor:; and apparently the n.ll .ta:-.h slllluld III thIS Instal1Ce be read a "redne \ ' llI c h IS 111 ntil1l1l:d in the pre\ iou parn~rarh. - X. C. F. T HEAT.\IE:-\ l' 01

\):'>II'OlJxn FR.\ 'TL' RE OF LEG.

1' . 11. (lIaml1h.:r. l11ilh). - I wuuld wekome ,our ad\ice 011 the treatl11cn~ of COlllpound Fracture o(Tibia, with the hlllll' rrol~' Lldln~ throug-h the skin and \\ ith the leg lying ~JI1 ~Hle Idl' \\'lLh the knl'e bent. hould the limb be :-; tr:l1ghtened or l1ul : The problem cu.-ose at a recent cia s practice. ollle Illembel:s tho~ght It l~cSl to straighten the limb, hut l)thcr. (lllCludlng tIll' Intructor) maintained that thi ~lllJuld .not be done and that the leg- should be secured !1: placln~ Lh(' hed of the ound leg on that of the in~ured leg and by passing- a splint up the back of the 111 sound limb. ur Textbook is silenL with reference to treatment Df a cOlllpo~nd fracture of thi \'alue, but th B.R.C.S. :\Ial~ual ~1\CS elaborate instructions and advocate stn-lighlenlng the limb \"ithout exten ion and plintinothe u ual \\'a}. :-. . StraiJ.jhtenin~ it fractured limb without exten ion lhere\) I'> a ghb phrase andounds so easy and illlple. \\'hen 1 ' I\~'e\'er, you try lo put iL into practice you find that it i~ CI Olc ull ?f performance. Your olution of the problem by b lck sphnt to ound leg cloes not commend itself to me be~<I Ll e you. do not. control the fractured limb. To me the ~ t first ~~d plan IS to bend the unbroken lower limb in the s, me pOSItIOn (where possible) as the broken to dress the \\ Jund, lo use splints and bandages to keep' the fractured h'lJ1e at rest, and finally to bind limb to limb.-N.C. F.

HUl'IIOl'H

r C ( Surl:ilO~l):-The I

•

OF FIRST .\w.

following story culled from the 1.. /1-(..') . .lr.athvay A[aga::;/ne will probably cause rea.ders 0.£ 1< lRST .\ID to mile, and is submitted with this intentIOn :A junio~ porler. at a station near London was much l~oubled by 1I1creasll1g deafness, and acting on the adVice of the ~tationmaster, consulted an 'elderly local doctor abou.t It, who told him it \Va due to the chokino' up of whal IS known a.s the Eustachian lubes. :-, The next day ol1e of his mates a ked the sufferN whal the doctor said about the deafness. The reph' was: "I lhink the old bloke mU8t have g'onc potl)~,

217

he made out that my dea fness is caused by the blockin of the .&uslon Station tubes." g Good!

. The Textbook instructions are, that when patient is ,ndoors or has been removed to shelter, the Sprained Ankle s to be trealed as laid .dov.:n under" prains" (pp. 83-8-+) nd that a hot fomental1on J only to be applied' when cold elils to gi\'e relief. " - N. C. F.

In spite of your openin~ statement yOll seem to hm" sought knowledge frol11 other sources in addition to th ' Textbook. The latter, a'i ) au say, does Ih1L rLcng-nise Picri ' Acid Gauze a a dressing- fOI' Burns; ami in thi installl'c your treatment wa perfectl) OUIlL! s illle you co\cred an ~l protected the injury. If the skin is broken, Pi c ri c .\cid Gau!.e is u ual l ' applied after being moi s ten ed ill warm, re cently-boiled wate r : but for first aid purpose ' circum tance's lllust b\! unu . ual l ' favourable Ie t sertic in fection of the burn be C<lu!'-ed. - ~. . I,.

TRE ,\nIE~ 1

FIRST

February, 1934

February, 1934.

A I D.

Next, please! !-N. C. F. CONDUCT OF l'O;\IPETITlOX.

J.S. (~~Ulh l\loor).-.~t .a recent Competition, tbe rules of \\ h.l~h tate that It IS conducted according to the 38th ~dltlOn of the S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid, Bearer J\ o. o~ tl:e team. of :"hich I am Captain was told to appl) artl6clal resplratlOn to a patient \\.'ho was supposed t? be asphyxiated, and also to have fractured his lower :tbs. Bearer No.2 followed the instructions laid down 10 the 38th Edition S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid (pp. 1+3-.-+-5), except that he modified slightly the positIOn of hIS hands so that he did not apply direct pressure on lhe lower ribs. !he judge ~el?rimanded him; and said that he wa maklOg- f~rther lI1Jury to the patient, and that he should have applied' 'Laborde's" Method. !3earer i\ o. 2 stuck to his guns and would have I:OthlOg to do with Laborde's l\lethod, as it ~\'as not lecommended by our Textbook. 'Va No.2 correct?

. On your sta~emellt of facts, Bearer No.2 acted strictly III accordance .wlth the Textbook, and should have been marked accordlOg-ly. - :\'. C. F. BRIGADE EFFIC1ENCY. , E~~UIHER (Leicester). - , \ll ranks below Corps Officer Me reqUired to fulfil the standard of efficiency laid down in Clause.212 of the General Regulations. Clau e 221 slates t.hat fad.ure lo be ~eturned <IS efficient for two consecuti\'e ) ears wIll automi1tlcally entail discharge from the Brigad - EDITOIL ' e. ----.-.---

J\mbutance News eutUngs from the ~ess . The Editor invites ~eaders to s:nd n~wsI:aper cuttings on matter of general mterest for mcluslOn In this column.

BULLET COUGIlED Cp AFTER 3-+ YEAR. A. fit. of coughing during the week-end dislod <..v ed a bulle! ",111ch a Hull man had carried in his lung for 3-+ } ear. \Vhen twelve years old, the man wa shot throuo-h the no e. He \\'a taken to ho pital but the bullet ,,~s ne\'er found.-illoJlzlng Post. O\'ERCO;\IE BY FU;\lE FRO:'>] ENGINE. . \Vhile patrollin~ Spaniards-road, Hampstead Heath, a pollce constable nO~Jced that the dri\'er in the cabin of a motor \'an that had Just dra \\'n up by the roadside was I ling dazed and ill. He assisted the man , ao-ed 22 ,rom f oOh~< t> IS seat and the? found that he had been O\'ercome by fumes from the engll1e. He was taken to New End Ho p't I d . . . I a an IS progre sll1g satlsfactorily. - E'llent"7zg .lVc'Ws. KlLLED B\' S\\',\LLO\\'lNG B01LlNG 'V,nER. Private vValter Sharpe, tationed al Lichfleld d' d . tl le Cam bn'd ge 1\'1 1'1'Itary Hospital !\Idershot as tl' Ie III I of a remarkable accident. ' . ,< le resu t He the School of H)',:::,riene ,<al1d , \ \ 1 '1'1 . was . attending ' 1 le cxpenmentll1g ~7 1t 1 a flew fumigating apparatu , used b . tr~ops for clean1l1g clothes. in the field, h put his mouth t~ the end 'of <I hot water pIpe connected to the. ap para t us. ' [h . . e suCtlO11 sent boIlll1g' water o'ushin'" dOWI1 I,' tl. to hOSIJI't'll """ IS 11 oat. I-I'lS f e 11 0\\' sLueI ents rushed hllll ''-' ('I . I '. (. ~ \ ' (d'S I/rOIIlCfl

F I It S T

~i 8

Februa ry, 1934.

AlD.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRICADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

Reviews.

Regulation-Right! Quality-Right! Price-Right

E FFI C I E NCY IN FIRST .\ID. By N. Corbet Fl etcher, i\I .. \., i\J. B . , B . C., :\I.R . C . . , L. lLC . l'. Lond on : ] oh n Bale, S on & D a ni elsso ll , Ltd. Pr/ce I - net.

All Uniforms cut to Customer's own measurements

NURSES

A furth er edi tio n of this book bei ng- neces ary, Dr. N. Corbet Fl etch er h as tak en t he o pportuni ty to rev ise th e r en.din g m atter a nd to make cer tain ch a nges a nd a ddi tio n '. T o th e readers of th i ] o um a l D r. N. Corbet F letche r, k now n th e w orld over as " N. C. F. Good! 1 ex t, plea e ! ! " needs no introdu ction . AIW w ork o n the ' ubject of fi rst a id bearin rr h is name as t he a'ut h or need s little said abo u t iL. One c;n ahvays b e cer ta in the pa rtic ul a rs will be g ive n in s u ch a clea r a nd und erstand ing w ay that the reader ca n easily fo llow th e t h oug h ts of th e a u th or. This is a ppa ren t in " E fficie ncy in Firs t c\id ." S t ud e n~ s a nd even lectur ers a nd in stru ctors ca n learn much fr om th IS work. It clearly sh o ws h o\\' diagnosis a nd treat men t may be systematicall y buil t u p, brick by b r~ck as it w er~, ~ nd t reating th e su bject _in t h i.s way, o ne realt e~ the applt calto n of the principles of hrsl al d . The stud e nt IS enc~ u raged to th ink a nd exercise com1110n know ledge and expene nce-the essentia l factors in fi rst aid t reatment. It i ~ not poss ible to g ive here a full list of contents but, in a o-enera l s u m ma r y, it in cl ud es: efficiency in s tud y, efficieJ~cy in diag nosis, ~7 it h s ubsection fo r mod ifyi ng facto rs , g enera l sch e m e of diag nosis, a nd exa l:lp l e~ of sc hem ~ of diao-nosis; efficiency in treat men t , aga in With s u bsec tI ons dealing wi th defi nit io ns a nd objects of t~eat l11 en t a n~ esse ~ t ia l fa ctors, w hil st ch apter five d eals wlt h the effiC iency In exami nation , in ind ividua l a nd team tests. Thus fo r a small outlay of one sh illin g it is poss ible to obtain a book most essentia l fo r a ll w ho w ish to beco m e reall y efficient in fi rs t a id , and we can readil y recom m e nd it to a ll our readers.

BAND

Broken.

This b ook, now in its seco nd edi tion, is co m pil ed in a lpha betical order , and is di Vided into five sect ions as fo llows : No.1 , press ure points, a r teries a nd bones; o. 2 g ives injuries , togeth er w ith their pa r.ticula r sJg ns,. sy m pto rn s a nd t reat m ent j No. 3 dea ls w ith pOIsons With Sig ns , sy mp to m s a nd treatment, th ose poiso ns h aving s pecia l treatm e nts bein g sho"""n sepa rately; No. 4 co'ntains Jmpo r ta n~ n ~tes a rra n ~ed to impress upo n t he memo ry, With a s peCia l lOdex , whils t No. 5 contains som e fifty " D ont's " for fi rs t a iders. It is possible by th e u se of th!s boo.k to fin~ the tr~at ment of a ny injury at a mom ent s notlce. It I S com ptled from instru ctions laid down by the St. J ohn Ambula nce and British Red Cross T extbo:>k s . Further, it is intended onl y for those a lread y having a kn owledge of fi rs t aid a nd not a s a textbook for beginners . . . St udents would f1l1d this book ve ry usef ul for m em o n s ln gdetails, a nd a t the pri ce as k ed sh ould have a read y sale am ong fi rst aiders.

The "DECORATORS' &. PAINTERS' MAGAZINE" 8d. monthly) Is THE trade paper for all Interested.pubUablnl Office: ,.6, CannOD Street, E.C.".

SPECIALITY.

THORNTON

Tailors and Uniform Makers l

HEADS

CO.,

24, Commercial St., BRIQHOUSE,

Post ne~h hoop. Ready lapped hear! r eturned ~al\le day as received. Lapping no charg.:. P.)st free 5 • alld 7 /.

YORKS.

TELEPHONE: B RI GHOU'jE 2 90.

& CO,

~- - - - HENRY

POTTER

36 / 8 • W est St reet, Charing Cross Road.

LONDON.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT,

w.C.2.

ALLMAN'S

M.R.C.S.

PrIce, 3 /6; post free, 4/~.

(post free).

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, St. John's Gate, LONDON, E.C.I.

Supp lied by

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon Stpeet, London, E.C.4.

AIDa

l ~IFORMS & EQUIPMENT. PLEASE SEND FOR PRICE LISTS.

fo ~ r 2-~t retchl

F FE RS a re in vited for t he of Cle m e nt T a lbot Amb ul ance (W Ith equipment), tw O Lo rri es (2-to n a nd 4-ton), a nd one [orri l hford a lool

HOME.NUR.ING.

IEFFIOIIENOY

FIR.T.AID.

a'.

Third Edition . Post free, II. Proble.1 la Stldy, IFIDaLmoaL aDa HumlDaUoa I •• nll fer lealer ItDdlalS I I WUlcot41 dOt4DI llu hooR fIJi/I b. 0) lnat II,..,,;CI i" tlu t,a{"i"r 0/ tMII (0" wlco". it il tUlrj,.,d."-BKIT15H MBDICAL ]OUJtNAL.

OOMMON

IERROPI!I

FIR8'T'·AID.

Second Editon. Post free, II. 2d. Brron In rUAt.Ald Detallell aDII tlXplalDed. , TMI hod girl.' a cl,a,.., ;"s;rht i"to llu ""IMch a"t! di/ftct4itill OJ ''''.''r.''c" t,..at".."t o~ lay".." tha" tlu otJicial T'-'tthooR iislll."-LANCET.

OOMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcher, Individual and Question-Six Folders). Price 6d. each net, post, lid Each Folder contains specla1 article on Competitions: -No. I, Training of Com· petition Teams; No.2 , Condnct of Team in Competition Room; NO.3, Common Errors In Competition; NO.4, Further Errors In Treatment; No. S, History of Competition Tests; No.6, Preparation of Tests.

WHY

AND

WHEREFOR!!:

FIR.T-AID.

Fifth Edition. Price II. 3d .. post (ree. DlfflealtiOi II Stady aad 'Ireatmeat lolted b, QaelUoD ud Allner. II W, CD",,,,.,.d tleil book to L.ct",..,.s ."d Stt4tU,.t, wlco flJill fi"d it 0/ r,at

FOJl

HOaPITAL

ORDERLIIE ••

Post fr"e , 8d . Orderly Datles Slmlllllled aD Il TabDlated, wltb A!dl to .emory. if mfllt compact h,.ocllt4", , o,.tai,.s ... "elc "ujtll i "(o,."..tio,,."- PJtESCKIBB

FIRI!IT AID.

Illustrated by 50 diagrams In Colours with Explanatory Letterpress. By Sir JAMES CANTLIE, K.B .E. , LL.D., M .A. , ' M.B . C. M . , F.R .C.S. , D . P . H .R .C.P . 7!d. net; post free.

LIFE SIZE AN ATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES. Monnted on Canvas, Roller top and bottom. 25s net each. Post, IS. I. Human SkeletoD, front view. 2. M uscles, frout view. 3. Hnman Skeleton back view Mnscles, back view. ~. The Heart and principal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of t e Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen 8. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest and (B). Ahdomen (D). 10. The N ervons System. 11. Schematic diagram of Circulation n. The Human Ear. 13 The Human Eye. 14. Median Section through SkiD Median ~~ c tlOT' throu2'b Head

M ale , 805. net.

Ca r. Quo ta tion form an d pe rmi sion lO view obtainabiL from Chief O ffice r of u ppl ie, Su ppli es D e pa r t me nt (Con tracts Bra nch), Co un ty H a ll , '. E. 1. No q uotat io n w ill bl received afte r 9 a.m . o n 12th l arc h. Th e Council doe no t bind itself to acce pt th e hi g he 1 or a ny offer.

A RWORTH COLLlERY DIVISIO , S.J. A.B. - T h t fo ur th a nnua l co mpetitio n for th e Th omas Cecil Ba rber " Mem oria l Shi eld a nd t he " Mrs. \\-' ri g h l" Cup wi Jl be h eld in the H a r w orth Colliery In s ti tute o n alu rd ay, th 21 st April, 193 4. V a lu a bl e pri zes a re awa rd ed to th e value of .£15, and th e test is stra ig h tfor wa rd a mbul a nce work. F or pa rti cula rs a nd schedules write Amb. Office r S. G. Lee, Harworth Colliery, near D oncaster.

10 & 11,

OR SALE :- Roller Bandges B.P.C. Qua~ity (W.O.W. ),

g ood qualit y Triangular Bandages at 4/- per dozen, sam ples Sd. each. Boric Lint (B. P. C.) 1 oz. pack els, 2/- per dozen; Hos pital, 1/9 per dozen. Cotton Wool (B. P. C) 1 oz. pack ets, 1/10 per doze n; Hospital, 1/8 per dozen. All post free. Cash with order. - Asepto Bandag E' Co., 46, Ca nno n street, London, E. C. 4.

Telegrams: "Uniquip, London."

Telephones : Clerken well 6682, 5226.

M.R . C •. Ea, .

CARvALL

FIRST AID III FEW WORD •• (2ooth thousand) Revised. With Colonred Diagtams.

I2pp.

Cloth, lid .

Strong paper. 2d. Pos. ,d. (56tb thonsand) Revise~ Strong paper, 3d. Post Id.

IIURBI1I8 III FEW WORDB.

With useful reference tables.

CLERKENWELL GREEN, LONDON, E.C.!.

Carriage 25.

ACCIDENTS AND E'MERGENCIES.

HO.a

LTD,

With F oetus. 855 . net.

Their Sign ~ , Symptoms and " First A,d " Treatment. An Id eal Memorizer Quick Reference. By A. T. (JOODINO. Witb Preface by W IL LIAM LOCK L.R.C.P. & S. E d. , &c., a nd J OHN NICOLSON , M. A., M.B., Ch.B.Glas. I •. 2d. net post free. Ih

Uniform Clothing & Equipment Co.,

1 in. x 6 yards, 7/6 g ross. Good Qualtty (W. O .W. ), F 1 in. x 6 ya rds, 6/- g ross . Oth er s izes in proportion. Also

Female, 805. net.

book that Is sAIUng by the hundJ>ed.

;'I

LIFE STZE MANIKINS.

COUNCIL.

purc h a~~

tv, I.ar,.

1,~u,." -F I K5T AID

"As a work of refere nce, the book w ill be excremel y u efu l and shou ld be in the li b ra ry of a ll amb ula nce wo rke rs. "-FIRST AID .

THE

FIR.T.AID.

Third Rdltlon. Price II. 2d .• post free. . 8lml·Narilag SImplified and 'Iabalated, wltll Aldl tl .emlry. , Tlu6 hooR flJo"tU,{tIII~ li",pliff., • cD".pl.-'t s"o;.ct a"d IMt4ld b. ,..ad Ott all Itt4tU"tl. " -L. A: N.W. Rv. GAZBTTI:.

HINT.

N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.A., M.B

Si ze 6" x 3~" (Plates i' x 6"). Illustrated by Twelve Coloured Plates from Original Drawings. Contains an anatomical description of the plates and the arrangements and physiological fun ctions of the Hu;uan Body, arranged in manikin form . A valu able Atlas for First Aid Students.

COUNTY

Seventh Edition. Post free, I •• 3d. • flrst·lId S2mllltlleCl .. lid Tabalated, wltb A!ell t • • (;0/. Si,. /.",., CaHtlte cOHtrih"tu .,. i,.t,od",tiD,. .,.d .,.dD,." ,,1.1 r"u oPt,.io" 0./ tMhDOj. "-LANCBT.

POCKET ANATOMICAL ATLAS

Price 1 / -

AID.

AMBULANOE

,IIilitary jlJusical h tstrumclLl ,llakcrs,

LONDON

ACC ID E TS AND Ei\l E R GE N C I E S . By A. T. Good ing . Londo n : ] ohn Ba le, S on & D a nielsso n, Ltd. P rice 1/- net.

GUIDE

gi"ing hints :>n the Bugle, D rums and Flute, also P;lr.ldc 1"0' m· at ions, use ot Parade Cane. StafT. etc. Post l' Ice.

DRUM

COATS,

Smd P. C.lor Prz'ce List and Sell- m easurement +orms.

BUGLE Tutor anti Calls, 6d.

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &c._ By N. CORBEr FLETCHER, M.B., B.C., M.A,(Cantab l , M.R.C.S.

14 pp.

IIANoA81Ne

DIA8RA •••

12 PP.-72 bandaging diagrams, with notes.

HEALTH IN FEW WORDB. P.R. C •••

20th Thousand.

Strong paper, 3d.

fty Sir

Post Id.

R.I'. PIRTH.

Paper folder 3 In. and 4 hi.

D.p.n

Post free 3d. oet.

now ARD M, PRESTOi'll . D,,,.o,.,t,..tfl' to tic. Polyt.,Ic,.i,. Price IS. net; postage, zd Its Application Accurately Described by Words and 110 Diagrams. THE ROLLER BAN DA8E. Price IS. net; postage, 2d. lis Application Accuratelv Described by Words and t02 Diagrams.

fty

THE TRIANGULAR BANDAgE:

FIRST-AID ANATOM.eAl DIA.R •••• 13(1 to I2and 14)on Roll

AMBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE, By F. C. BOTrOMLEY, M.D. A booklet to aid those interested in Ambulance and Stretcher Work.

Price Sd. each, post tree.

No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs ' /3 THE GOMPLETE MANIKIN. Price 2 •• net; postage 4d Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatom} Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects.

Post free, 31. 9d. net.

THE WHOLE ART OF IIANoA.I ••• B7

T.SItLA

.. First Aid," ,,6, Cannon Street, London, E:C ,..

BOWSSR.

Illustrated.

Post free, II. ,d

PO.KET FIRST AID SERIES. By Col. R. J. BLACltnAM. C.B., C.M.O .. C.I.S •• D.!I.O .. M.1l

.. FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIE~ COUPON. To be ,ut out and enclosed wit" fl.'1 Que",es F!rB, 1934

(x) Poisoning, (2) HlICmorrhage, (3) Insensibility) (4) Asphyxia (Suspended Breata lng), (s) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, \6) Wounds, Bites Borns Scald!

Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series contains all the essentials of First Aid Printed on linen·lined cards, 31 lu. X si In. Third Edition. 6d. ne uch postage 2d extra.

AloW TO MEMORY FOR FIRST AID STUDENT. AND IIUR.EIi VERNON NBWTON, M R (,; •. (Eal') 9d. net. Pest .JOHN

B.LI!,

SONS

D4NIELSSON.

88-91, G:rea.t Tltehfleld Stpeet London

Ltd

W .1

HobsonlkSons

J. AI WYLIE & CO .•

Manufacturers of Uniforms, Headdresses, Accoutrements for

MEDALS, BADGES

(London) Ltd.),

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE.

The Independent JournaJ for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

AND

TROPHIES

SPECIAL OFFER of All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed

No. 477.-VoL. XL.

FIRST AID"

AMBULANCE AND SOCIETIES.

LIMITED QUANTITY ONLY. Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

IlggestJons for Pract leal Papers.

Whollsall Prlols to all U FIRST AID" 1001ETIEI.

VIADUCT,

HOLBORN

Subscri~tions, Advertisements and other business Communications co nnected ~Ilh F I RST AID ~bould be forwarded to the Publishers,

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 4 6 , CA ,' XOX STR&HT, LONDON E.C.4. Tde,l{raphic Address - I I Twenl) f our, 1.011don." , Tdephom- CI ty 37 roo

London Showroom-

62,

E.C.

Telephone-OIMO Cltv.

North of England Office: 22, YORK PLACE, LEEDS.

EQUIPMENT.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE

CONTENTS

THIS

NUMBER.

E l)(TORIAL-

The \"alll c of Pll bli cil}' rs' 'ILlh lIo m L' ~ursing- Tip. and I1ng-s I ('g inn of Fn nt iersl11t'n .. l'.. ll cyclopccdia of TI alLh '" Ca ptain Onllan IIammcr i, c rpool First I\iu Pos h .. . .J.A. Brigade District Reports .e tters to the Editor >urham, ' Ieveland and \\'cst tllor\nnd Di s ~~ict .\Jllb·~~ lance Leag-ue ... I riory for \ Vales . . . . . . . .. r hl~ Hospitall

"STERAID ' (Regd. ) series of absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing The dress· Surgical DreBsings. ings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers only the quan· tity of gauze or lint required; after cutting this off, rotate the Con· tainer in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from ex' posure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded tke Cet'tificate 0/ tke Instit~te 0/ Hygime.)

DIRECT FROM OUR FACTORY

•

Perfect Fit, QuaLty and Materials, Correct Detai ls,

•

All Dre•• in~. are of GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE.

I olice Ambulance News • mbulance News Cuttings from the Press Our Crossword Puzzle r ailway Ambulance News ur Nurses' Pages Kt'd Cross N e~'s

W e have had 50 years ex perience in the maki 1& of Un Iforms. Ii

" SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for receiving soiled dressings, sanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing In any convenient comer, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring, without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. " ZO R 80 " (Regd.)PNEUMONIA]ACKETS; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST·AID and SURGICAL EQUIP. MENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements.

w.e.1.

lt~ aim and Object lJemg the advancement of Ambulance Work nail IlS branches, the Editor invites Readers to send ArtIcles and

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to tbe Editor at I he address below, and shoul.d re3ch him before the 12th of each month, \nd must be accom pamed (not massarily /01" pub!ication) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

Phone-Hop 0680 & 7065.

(7 elephone : Stockport 2794 and 4£66)

EDITORIAL.

O"iginal Duicns and QuotatIons post T"ee.

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I.

and at 137, Sentinel HOUle, Southampton Row, London,

PRICE THI{EEPENCE [3/6 FER AN N UM, POST FRE E

The

R eport~ on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes

Contractors to

MARRIOTT STREET MILLS. STOCKPORT

Entered at ] [ Stationers' Hall

READERS.

F IRST AID .is.pu~lished on the 20th of each month. Annual SubscnptlOn IS 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3 d .

H.M. Miniltry of Mtmitionl, Russian Government, &c.

BAILEY & SON, Ltd.

No. 17Bronze, 3/- I Sliver, -4/6; Sliver, Oold Centre, 6/9.

ADDRESS-

ROBE~T

NOTICE

CORP.

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL.

Privates- 13/9 per pair.

SBND FOR PRICE LISTS!-

11ARCH, 1934.

aultable lor

TROUSERS -

SURGIOAL

FIRST AID

WRITE FOR DESIGNS, SAMPLES and PRICES I

LIVERPOOL.

15, Red LI o n Square LONDON. w.e I.

Phone : R oyal 2992.

Phone: Ch :wcery 8646

49 , Hardman Street

•

(L POOL.) L TO.

226

230

230 231 232 235 236 237 2-1-0 2-1-3

QUER IES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

EII H4~ :I aII :i i 4;'1+1 $3

\\\\\\

221

222 222 22-122-1225 225

11111 1

Prin>ed and l'ublisheu by DALE, REYNOLDS & Co., Ltd., 46, Cannon· street, London, E.C·4, to wh :>m all communications should be addressed 7 elegrams· -" Twenty"tour, London." Tel,pkone - Cit)! 37 IO. To be ba.d of aU Newlagents, Boo k~ellers anci Bookstalls In the lJoi tp.d Kin~ 10m and at all Railway Bookstalls of Ml!ss r'l. W. H Smith and Son s.

Fracture of Arm in\'oh'ing- Elbow Examination Howler First Aid to a Bullock Ha;morrhage from Stomach ... Treatment of Aspirin Poisoning Compl icated Fracture of Metacarpus Treatment of Tar Scalds Composition of Gases '" Another Examination Howler Treatmen t of Fractured Tibia::: Coming Events ,., '" '0

2-1-4 2-1-4

2-1--12-1-42-1-4 24-1246 24-6 24n 246

246

first glance one might wonder to what extent in value OF is publicity to the first aid movePCBLICITY. ment, but going further into the matter it would be seen that without publicity it would be very hard and indeed, in some instances, impossibie to carry o~ this work. . THE

VAL U E

It is only by letting the general public know the quantity, and quality, of the voluntary work done by members that induces non-members to assist financiall~" and in other ways. Not that we belong to a band of beggars always asking for funds, but ?ut~ide suppor t to enable us to carry out our dutIes IS of great assistance. How is this publicity best obtained? There are many ways, but perhaps the best is to make sure that the activities of the Divisions or Detach ments are made kno\\,11 locally. This can easih' be done .by .se~ding a report to the local pape:. Better stIll, InVIte a representative of the paper to your functions . 'Vork of a voluntary nature is always good' 'copy" for editors, and in most cases pace will gladly be set aside for your use. 'Vhen the reporter does attend, do not leave him to his ' own de,-ices, but see that a Jist of officers and distinguished visitors, giving full rank and name, is prepared and handed to him. If the occasion be a compctition, see that a s)'nop~is of the tests is made so that the reporter can more easily follow the work being done.

By such means as this it is possible to obtain greater publicity, and so assist in the smooth running of the ambulance movement.

. .\ cours.e of. the St. John Ambulance:\ ociation first aid lectures IS be1l1g- held under the ausj"Jice of tIle G uernsey Toc H. The lecturers are Dr. \V. B. Fc,x and Lt. ·Col. \V. Farr, 1\1. D. <

222

FIRST

The Hospitallers' Club. THE members of the above, together with the Lady Hospitallers' Club, met on Saturday evening, February 17th, at the Cora Hotel, London, for a social evening. Over 1.30 members of both clubs were able to attend. The event was a splendid success, and both Ir. Stallard (han. treasurer) and Mr. \\Tells (han. secretary) are to be congratulated on having provided a reall happy and entertaining evenmg. Honours were shared by Mr. E. W. Jackson, vice-president (in the unavoidable and regrettable absence of the president, Mr. G. S. Pasco, owing to ill-health), and Miss Tuck, the president of the Lady Hospitallers' Club. After refreshments had been served the company adjourned to the winter garden of the hotel where, punctually at 8 .15 p. m., the Hospital1ers' customary remembrance of " absent friends" was read by Mr. P. Bettison ; following which 1r. Horton, a friend of Mr. G. C. Green, showed on a film how some of the members present appeared and deported themselves at the Inspection of No. 1 District in Hyde Park last year. This film, apart from its amusing element, gave the members who take part in the Inspection each year, and who are always in doubt as to what they look like, a moving picture showing, with very few exceptions, how well the various battalions of the Brigade march past the saluting base. Other films of interest to members were also shown. Mr. Stallard also provided some excellent musical entertainment in the person of Miss Alison Reid, who was enthusiastically encored after a very pleasing group of songs, and also Mr. Middleton Woods entertained the company with some stories and monologues. Owing to the illness of the President, Mr. G. S. Pasco and the Vice President, Mr. E. W. Jackson, the meeting held at the Bonnington Hotel on Friday, March 9th, was presided over by Mr. P. Bettison. The speaker, Mr. W. P. West, A.R.San.!., gave a talk on " Food Supplies." This was very interesting from the standpoint of Public Health. The speaker said how the authorities of the District Councils not only visit retail shops but investigate the wholesale markets so that any trouble can be rectified at its source. It was shown how fish, game, meat, vegetables, fruit and various preserved articles of food came under strict supervision of the Public Health Departments, thereby securing a pure and wholesome supply of commodities.

A I D.

March, 19.34.

Members should make a note of April 21st next, the date of the Annual Dinner of the Club, to be held as usual at the Connaught Rooms.

Home Nursing Tips and Snags. By CAPT. NORl\JAN HAM JER, l\l.R.C.S. " Settling the plan of treatment rests entirely with the doctor, while carrying out that plan rests to a areat extent with the Home N urs. Hom e nursi~a is therefore, quite distinct from First Aid." b (E~tract from t. John HI Textbook). ONE of the trials of the Ambulance ~Ian (or ' iste r, for that matter) is that he is often r gard d by hi t, relatives and nei crhbours as a kind of sucking doctor, and so he may be a ked to ad\'i e on, an d treat all kinds of minor ailments. If he holds a Ho~e Nursing Certificate he may have an outlinL knowledge of the treatmen t of sam f the~~ conditions, and may be tempted to do a he It, asked, forgetting the wise restri tions a':d .warn inas of his textbook and teachers. ThiS IS unwi~e ; he may get away with it for a time, but on . day he'll catch a Tartar, and wish The had stu~k 1 the proper fu nction of the Home :-\ 11 rse, that IS, tn act under the '£nstructz'ons of a medz'cal man. So when you're asked to attend to littl Jimmie'S sore throat or Uncle Bill's varicose ulcer say" Certainly I'll do all I can to help; I'll do al the dre"'sings, I'll take temperatures and s~e t~, th e bedpans; but I must have doctor's orders }l~st. It might be helpful if we were to d1scuss c; few minor maladies that often come under th t notice of the Home Nurse, in his own treet or il his own home. With each one we'll talk abou t the ways in which the Home Nurse can usefull y and legitimately help: and we'll point out, to.o , some of the snags, and how he can do very defini te harm if he is unwise enough, and weak enough , to let himself be persuaded to take on the case on his O\\'n responsibility.

1.-Boils and Carbuncles. 2.-Impet£go. 3.-Worms. 4.-Runnz1zg Ea1"'s. 5.-Pdes. 6.-" Bad Legs" (so called). These are, all of them, conditions which too often are regarded as so " homely" that they can be " seen to " by the parent, the local Sarey G~m~ , or the Home Nurse. So they can be, 1'f 1t IS realised that by " seen to " we mean" attended to and nursed, after dz'agnosis by a doctor, and under his instructions."

FIR S T

larch, 19.34. 1.-BOIL.

AND

CARBUNCLES.

([ . BOt'ls. VI e have learn tin previous articles that trouble begins when germs enter the body. They l a n get in through a breach in the skin, caused by \ 'ound or injury; they can also enter by way of cne of the minute holes from which hairs grow. Boil re:.ults when germs of a particular type (called staph y lococci, rou nd shaped bodies ; rra naed in clusters. ee the old Home Tursing extbook) establish themselves in the skin, and tile tissues just under the skin, in this way. The first sign of trouble is a painful, red, r lised pimple, often with a hair sticking out of it. '! h is gets bigcrer and harder, and tu rns a darker r dj then the entre gets soft and looks yellowish, lOw ing that pus is forming. (ee notes on Innammation," D ember, 1933). The pus l ~ capes thr :..:gh the yielding of the stretched outer -in, and a little later, it is followed by what is t iled 2. "slough" or " core." This is a semi)1id rna s of d ad germs, dead tissue, and dead \ hit orpu cle. After thi , the patient feels b, tter, and the inflammation goe down. The p 1ft heal , lea vi ng usual Iy a scar. TI1 most u ual treatment of Boils by the I 1f n t and the II ollle Nurse seems to be by ) melltali'olls or pOlllhces. The idea is sound, beOJ g- to attract blood t the affected part by the I oist 11 at dilating the arterioles, thus helping the lucal proce s of innammation and ha tening pusfo rmation and resolution. ometimes an unwise I It nthu ia tic home nurse will try to help matters 1\ squee::;t'IlC" the boil. Both of these procedures S,LO llfd be exalllllzed. In fomen t, etc., the moist heat certainly 1 "' Ips by attracting more blood to the part, and it r'l ieve pain. I3ut we should be careful to see t la t our moi t dressing does not o7. l erlap the boil cl1 d render th kin surrounding it wet and soggy, a 1d hence unhealthyand itself liable to be attacked I \ the germs, thus -leading to a group of boils ins ead of one. Further, Nature local£ses the infect on by forming a ring fence of innamed tissue (ru ll of white corpuscles and protective substances) a~o und the affected spot. This circle of policeman c IIs and su bstances is weakenen by too much n,oisture, while to squee::;e z't is simply to break tIle 1mg and let the germs from the boil run riot in tile surrounding tissues. Man y doctors wi II order that the boil shall not be fomented at all. They may have it treated by various applications, and may assist resolution by inc reasing the resistance of the body as a whole. Ma ny states of the blood seem to favour the appearance of boils; these are an interesting study, but need not be referred to here, except the wellknown examples of the liability to boils of the ado lescen t of both sexes and of the patien t sufferin g from diabetes.

223

A I D.

The Home Nurse must remember : 1. If ordered to poultice or foment a boil, see that your poultice or fomentation does not overlap too much. 2. NEVER squeeze a boil. b. Carbuncles. A carbuncle is a more extensive invasion by germs, which instead of remaining in one small spot in the skin, spread out in the tissues under the skin to form a flat, hard area of dark red, which extends and becomes raised. 'Alhen pus forms, it escapes tll1/ouglz a number of openz'ngs, not through one, as in the case of the boil, and when the core or slough comes away, it leaves quite a hole behind it, which takes a long time to fill up, and causes an extensive scar and much puckering. I n both conditions, the toxz'ns of the germs cause general iI I-effects on the body as a whole, but these ill-effects are more severe in the case of a carbuncle. The treatment will be varied by circumstances, but is usually surgical, and the Home Nurse can be of great hel p if he will carry out the doctor's orders, regarding dressing and general nursing, TO TH E LETTE R. The note about overlapping of foments (if ordered), and about squeezing, apply here more than ever. TheHomeNurseshould, of course, NEVER, in any circumstance nor in any case, attempt or pretend to make a dz'agnosz's. Should he be tempted to do so in the case of what he tlzz'nks is a bailor a carbuncle, he will be restrained from such a risky and unj ustified assum ption of responsi bil ity if he bears in mind that he cannot be able to distinguish with certainty between a boil and other swellings which may have, to him, a similar appearance, for exam pie, an inflamed sweat-cyst, an infected lymphatic gland, and many other things, not excluding cancerous growths. 2.-hIPETIGO.

The boil resulted from o-erms attacking the hair follicle in the skin; the carbuncle from them getting at the tissues just under the skin; Impetigo is caused by a certain type of germ infecting the second layer of the skin itself, getting there through cracks or erosions in the outer horny layer. So we can see that the Impeti go germs can more readily get in, if the outer horny layer of the skin has been injured, or made unhealthy by dribble, by discharges from a running nose or a running ear, by cuts or cracks which have been neglected, or by moisture long-continued. The germs attack the second layer of the skin, and we see blisters, full of fluid, pushing up the outer layer. The fluid is full of the aerms, and, when the blisters break, will either elry to form scabs or will run over the surface of the skin look-

FIRST

224

ing for an unhealthy j:atcb where it can enter and form fresh sores. The Home urse will be ordered by the doctor to dress the sores; he must bear in mind how easily fresh sores tart, and ho\\' eas ily he may get the disease himself. Scabs must be removed by soap and water, o r by various mild antiseptic solutions a ordered, e .g . , lysol 2 per cent. A weak antiseptic cream will then have to be applied to the spots . Special care must be taken during washing not to break bl is ters, or if they are broken, to app1y the cream afterwards. Sores on parts of the body that are rubbed by the clothing (as, for example, on the back of the neck, rubbed by the collar when the patient turns his head) must be protected by freque ntl y changed gauze to prevent a row of self-infected fresh sores . Obviously, the patient must have his own towel a nd so 011, must not touch his so res or other people, and must sleep alone. Finally a new layer of skin grows under each scab, and no scars are left. The dangers of attempted diagnosis by the Home Nurse in the case of impetigo include similarity or appearance to certain rashes, among them those of chicken-pox and smallpox. (To be concluded.)

Legion of Frontiersmen. T\OTrll\'GHA;\l Sgc.-\IJI{o:\.

Captain A. E. Spowage, wlJo acts as Secretary of the Sherwood Forest Squadron, is a retired officer of the R. A.:'II. C. with long and distinguished sen'ice in many parts of the ,,·orld . He has organised classes in first aid, which started on Feb. -+th, and has the assistance of Trooper G. Roylance, who is a dentist by profession and holds a S1.. J obn Certificate. SOUTH YORKSHIRE AHEM.

Classes are being held by the SheJTleld Squadron under their Medical Officer, Lt. Dufty, M. D., County Surgeon, S.J .A. B. Dr. Froggatt, a member of the Squadron, i:, helping. Lt. Dufty holds the Order of Sl. John of J erusalem in the grade of Serving Brolher, and the Service l edal of The Order. He was one of the surgeons sclected to attend tllC Centenary F-eview in Hyde Park in 1931, The Sheffield Corps of the St. J ohn .\mbulance Brigade have "ery kindly offered their llelp, for \Vhich the Leg ion wishes to express its thanks. FARNIIA;\[ SgUADHON.

l\Iajor H enly, R.A., retrd., the O. C. Farnham Squadron, notifies us that a member of his squadron is a retired officer of the R.A.M.C., and that a movement is on foot to establish combined first a~d classes (for the St. J ohn Certificate) for candidates of the Legion, the B.R.C.S., and the Ambulance Brig-ade, the lecturer being this Legion member. His expe ri ence in the service should be of great value to the members of his class. L /Cpl. Guest of this sq uadron, holds the St. John

~larch,

AlD. Certihcate, and squadron.

l~ orgar.j~ing

1934.

March, 1934 .

FIRST

lirst aid in s truction in the

Captain Norman Hammer. SO UTH

SUSSEX .\HE.\.

Th e O. C. S. Sus ex . \rea, Captain G. lI a\\' kin s, report.., the appointment of Lt.- '0 1. :\l c. Gregor, late S oulh Africa I :\ledical Corps, and Di trict Sur~'eon .J. A. B. \'erea , t) be Lt., L F., as 1\1 .0., the S. Su sex Area. The 01111l1a.n dant of the Bognor 13. R. C. . i a sistin h , ,lnd classes are being started in the uni b of the format ion. T\O I{Tl ! Y OHKSIIIRE . \R E.\ .

lu ch enthusia 111 has been s hown hy indi\ idual mell bers an d units in this comma nd , but organis<lLio n ha bel l dclayed by the lack of cohesion between Sc.luadrol1~. TI appointment of l ajor Brook bank to be Area 'ol11mandan with Captain Heninghem a his Order!) nicer, is e"pect d to help matter, and it is hoped lhat c1as \\ ill be tarted thi month. Cp to no\\', no i\ledical OITiccrs hene bCl n gazetted to this .\rea, "hich forlll part of the Y orkshire Command under Col. Darley (late 13th lIu ar..,), ol11l11an dant, L F. PERTI!,

A~ a

regular contributor to this Journal we are pleased to give particulars of Captain Hammer's , ork in the am bulance world. Captain Norman IIammer became urgeon to 'No. 80 Ambulance Division, No. 1 District, ,). J.A.B., in 1924, at the invitation of upt. Leo nard Herbert. IIe held courses and did duty ith this Division, and at the same time for No.1 'urs ing Division, being transferred to No. 2 \m bulance Division on the retirement of Dr. lenry Birel. 'Vhile urgeon of o. ~ Division I e cond ucted clas es from which were formed K o.

\\'ES rEHN . \CSTIULI,\.

.\ member of the St. J ohn .\l11bulancc 13rigadL' in th i. town has \'olunteered to act as in tructor to membcrs 01 th" Perth Squadron, and his sen ices ha\ c been grat full: accepted . C.\:\AD.\.

The P.:'\1. O. is in touch with '01. Lou i.., Clltl, D. '.:'11 the Commissioner-General for the Dominion, and cIa al to be set up. LONDO;>;

CO;\l\I,\l\'[).

H errington, \\ ith hi ,\djutllnt, 'aptai ll Bishop, are organising in:,tructiol1 in the squadrons of thclr Command. ~ 0 ne\\' appointments of ~l('dical Omcer~ h<t\ e yet been made to this formation, and t\\'o :'Iledical . ilicel s who sen'cd in the Command han' been second d to tl c tafl for duty as P.:'I1. O. and Liai on Ollicer (\\' . and L .\frica) respecti\'ely. ,\IR CO;\J:ll.\:-'ll. The Medical Establi!)hment for thL' .\ir ol11lllano (Ofl1cers, \\'. O. 's, and other ranks) is LInder consideration b\ Lhe Comillandant-General, Brigadier-Gennal E. C. IlH tl' Il , ·.B .E . ~ (,ticc \\·ill bc gi\en 1.0 .-\ir L-niLs CllnCLrl1l d h) III Chief Staff Ollicer, Commdt. W } bru\\,. II EAl)QIJ ,\RJ ER~.

,\ representative of the :'Iledical Branch of the II ead quarters Staffhas attended parades and meetings at ShcfTicld York and Pocklin~ton during February, and has mc executive and l\ledical OlTicers and first a id candidates.

Encyclopredia of Health. hundred medical specialists have united in producing an Encyclop~dia or Health, published by British Books, Ltd., of 86, Strand, London , W.C.2. This book, which is edited by Sir ' iVm. Arbuthnot Lane, F. R. C.S., is considered the g reatest book on health, and readers of FIRST A ID . interested should send for an 8-page prospectus which gives full particulars of this Golden Health Library. Coupon for this will be found in ou r advertisement pages. When corresponding with advertisers :nention FIRST AID." H

kind ly

225

R.A.M.C., having several times been selected for special attachment to the Reg ular Service, for attendances at International Conferences, for manoevres, etc., and is now R.~l.O. to the 91st Field Brigade, R.A. He was, in 1933, appointed Principal Medical Officer to the Legion of Frontiersmen, and, as such, is responsible for the training in First Aid and kindred subjects of units of the Legion throughout the Empire. His activities in civil life include membership of the Ha~kney Borough Council, of several public com m ittees, including the :\ ational Safety First Council, and of professional bodies. He is a Lecturer in First Aid, l\'ursing and Hygiene to the L. C. C., and an Exam iner to the St. John Am bulance Association, of which he became an Honorary Life Member in 1931. He feels that he owes a debt of gratitude to Mr. Herbert for first makin g him acquainted with ambulance work, and to Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher for teaching and example; and to both gentleman, and many mem bers of the Brigade, for happy associations and kindly comradeship.

Liverpool First Aid Posts.

Command~nt

O;'\ E

A I D.

105 (l\Iildmay) Ambulance Division anu No. 62 I urs ing Division. In 1931 he was promoted County Surgeon to entral Area of No. 1 District, unoer the then Assistant Commissioner, Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, now Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief of the Brigade, and was one of the surgeons selected for presentation to Royalty at the Centenary Review. He \Vas appointed to judge the team test for the " Dewa r" Shield in the Brigade Finals in 1933, and has conducted classes at the Stoke Newington, Haggerston, Toyn bee Hall, and St. John's Gate Centres of the Association. Captain Hammer also serves in the Territorial

l\IE~lBERs of the British Red Cross Society and the St. John Ambulance Bri gade in Liverpool are responsible for six roadside huts on the busy roads of the district. The Brigade maintain three main road depots, which last year dealt with 498 cases, 150 of which required hospital treatment, the members covering 418 miles in doing this work. The principal station, situated near the Old Roan at Aintree, is open throughout the whole of the year, and is fitted with electric light. A mobile section has been formed with the use of motor cyles. This is to be supplemented this summer by the use of a motor ambulance. The Society maintain the other three huts, two of which are open each week-end from April to October, whilst the third, situated at Fazakerley, is open all the year round. During the absence of the mem bers, keys of the posts are left at hotels or with the police, so that the eq uipmen t is always obtainable. Last year 206 cases recei\'ed attention; most of these 'w ere, fortunately, of a minor nature, but each station has serious cases to deal with. Each week-end throughout the summer men are on duty during the nights in case of emergency . ----

.~.

---

Mr. William John Turner ~lullin s of 'heltenham, who for 40 years had been connected with ambulance work, died on londay, J anuary 29 th. H e was made a Sen'ing Brother of th e Order of St. John in 1925, and in No\' mber 1933 was promoted to the ra nk as OOi.cer of the Order.

226

FIR S T

The

Brigade

St.

fohn

A I D.

1ar h, 1934.

Ambulance

Dzst1'zct Reports.

No I. (Prince of Wales's) District. CRICKLE\\'OoD.-l\Iembers of the Cricklcwood Division entered two teams for the Area competitions held 011 February 23rd at the Headquarters of the Hamp tead Diyi ion. In the" 0 born" competition, the team led by CorpJ. L. Stirk (who wa recently succe 'ful in the" Rosa" Cup) was beaten by the small margin of three mark. The .. lla ey" team) led by Amb. Officer Barden, repeated the success of last year and will again represent the ~orthern Area in the District Competition. A grand carnival dance and novelty night was held on Saturday, February 24th. Sergt. Penfold acted a::i 11. c., \\'hilst the rhythmic music was supplied by the :.\Iazeeka Dance Orche tra. A t. Commissioner A. C. \Yhite Knox, 1\1.c., accompanied by Mrs. \Yhite Knox) attended, and amon"· other ~istingui hed vi itors were l\Iiss Daphne Courtn~y, th~ tamous film star of the British International Pictures \\ho ,,·as introduced by :\Ir. J. Grossman. 1\Ir. and i\lr~: Ralph Moody, of the Palace Ball Room) London . ' bo·ave d emonstratIOr~ . of various dances and also judged an open dance competItIOn. Other competitions were held, and the prizes w~re distributed by 1\1iss Courtney. At the conclusion, Div. Supt. Hart thanked all who had helped to make the evening a success. IO . 15 (HEIIITIOX) CADET DIvIsIoN.-The annual competition in first aid for the "Cadet" Cup, presented by ~he parent division, was held on February 26th. The Ju.dges were Amb. Officer E. J. West (stretcher) and Dlv. Supt. G. P. Hart, assIsted by CorpI. Paintin and Pte. vVhite, individual, practical and theory. SIX teams competed and upon the results being announced, it was found that the team led by Cadet H. Page, and consisting of Cadets 1. Medina, D. Bustard and E. Stone, had won the trophy with 208 marks. Four marks behind was the team led by Cadet A. Smi th. The work done was very creditable and showed that the Cadets had an excellent knowledge of first aid, and congratulatIOns are due to their officer-in-charge, :'\Ir. F. Hurford. In the recent open championship for No. 1 District held at S1. John's Gate for the" Lady Margaret MacRae" Cup, ,this division, represented by Cadets Lawrence Page _lnd the brother Smith, secured second place. '

w,.

1:.

HAYES.-The first annual dinner and dance organised !Jy the Hayes Division was hcld at the Grapes Hotel on Wednesday, March 7th. 1\1r. E. G. Hartley, J.P., presided, and amonO" those present were Asst. Commissioner S. J. Warre~, Drs. Footerman, Lawson, Elyan, Flynn and Garrus, Mr. J. Ellis, O.B.E., J.P., l\Irs. A. B. Greenhead and Mr. W. Sutcliffe. i\Ir. \Varren proposcd the toast of the Division. He said he was pleased to have been given the privilege of

attending the first fL1nction of Hayes Division. Th e di\·j ion had Dot long been in exi _tenee, but prO"TCSS \ya being made and was growing. Briefly replyil1O", Dr. Footcrman, who is Div. Surg Oil and uperintendcnt, aid that 128 cases had been treated by the division during the pa't year. IIe referrt:d U, the de ire to ercct a fir 't aid hut 011 Uxbridge Road 011 a site granted them by the County Council. Unfortunatdy , the necc sary money \\"as not in hand. ergt. J. Evan, D.C.M., offercd the toa t c'Tll. \'i itors." The Council, he said, were always ready to lend an ear to their pleading. He thanked Mr. J. Elll through whose kindnt:ss and gcnerosity the di\'ision ha d been pro\'idcd with headCJl1arters. l\1r. Reginald R. A. J ohllSon replied to the to". t, and congratulatcd the Di\'i ' ion on it po itio11. l\Ir. C. J. Hutchin 011 propo ed ., The Chai r111an " to which 1\1r. Hartley replied. KIXGSTox.-The 124th (Kingston) Di\'ision madl good progrcss during 1933. Particulars 0 [ the wor k done \\as gi\'en at the dl\ i. ional anllual dinner m 'l r "hich Dr. P. D. B. Spcnce, Div. ~'urgcon, presidul Among those prcsent \ycre •\s l. C0111111 1 SloneI' S. J \Varren, upt. C. \V. Sharpe (Kingston) and ?\Irs. harpe ~ upt. R. J. Smith (Twickcnham), E.,- upcrIntendent J Oliver (Twickcnham), 11r. F. \Y. Francis and Corpl. G. i\1. Gibb (Div. ecretary and Treasurer). Mr. S. J. \Varrcn llbmittecl the" No. 124 Dl\' lsion .. pointing out that although they had little history behind them, he was nre they ,,"ould make thcir future histon one to be proud of. They were fortunatc in thei'r surgcon; Dr. Spcnce bcing known all o\,er the world. The Di\'ision had startcd a a section of T\\ ickenha lll Division but about eleven months ago it wa made int o a divi ion under the Icadership of SupL Sharpe. Membership was an important factor and thc ml'mber" we n urged to increase their numbers. In conclu ion thc Asst. Commissioner congratulated the division on the progrcss made during sllch a shor t spacc 0 f time. Supt. Sharpe, in reply, wishecl to thank all those who had worked so hard. Thcy already had a record of 1,029 duties and 224 accidents attended, also thei r own headquarters for three years. New recruits at thc rate of one a month had been enrolled. With the help of such a fine divisional surgeon, he was surc they woul d make further progress. Further tribute to the sterling qualities of Dr. Spence were paid hy CorpJ. G. i\1. Gihb in proposing his health Vouchers, medallions, lahels were presented by th e Assistant Commissioner. The shield and medal for efficiency, presented hy the Twickenham Division, wa s won by Ptc. G. H. Goodsa11. SOUTHER RAILWAY CORPS (SOUTIIERN).-The third annual Corps Competition was held on March 3rd at th e Sydenham and Forest Hill Social Club by kind permission of the Executive. Lt.-CoL S. A. Ruzzak judged the individual test s and Corps Sup1. A. J. Grcen, in the unavoidable absence of Corps Surgeon Dunlop, the team test.

March, 1934.

FIRST

The latter test was well staged and set. The C0111pelitor aw the actual accident whilst the injuries werc l>cauti fully faked, e pecially the burst varicose vein. ..'ix team. competed, including two tcams of nurse', ;111 d some good \\'ork \\ as clonc. i\. danc foll()wed the completIon of the test, and d llrill~ an intl'n'al thl' result wa'i announced a<, follmvs: I, Brickla)l'r. Aml'i ,2()8~; 2, BorolH;h ()f Lcwishalll, I i ll; 3, Orpington, 15-+; 4, 69 X. ])ivision A, 15()~; 5, 69 • ' . /)i\ ;.,IO!1 H, 139; 6, Bricklayl'l"'i Arm'> B, 133. Sir Philip Dawson, .M .P., prcidcnt of the Corps, presented the Challcnge Shield and prizes to the Stlcces'i[ti l cOl11pditor.,. He ap()logi . . l'c1 for hi" lale appearancc, 1 1ld hoped hl' \\otlld h' ahk to attl'nd olhn functions aJ1 d~i\ l' m()n' tillll' to thl' CClU"l'. He c()n~Tallllated the IJ1 l'lllhcr" oi tIll' Corps upon their dn'()ti()n t() 'iuch a work an d thl timl' thl') ga\e \Olllntartly. .[\" an apprcciation ()i :'Irs. Lloyd's . l' r\'iccs a· patil'nt, . ir [lh 111]) handed Iwr a g-i it on hehal i II i the memher" (I i thl' Corp". Corp' .'upl. . J. (;reen \\ as in chargc 0 r thc procc cding", ahly a'isi'itcd hy 'orp' Officer :\Ii11cr and Butler, 1>i \,. :-;u]J!. SmIth and lTarri son and Inspector,l. :\[ulllford ~Il d P.e. Lear oj the 'it\' Police, \\ho acted as .te\\'arcb. .r\11l()n~· thol' prl'~e;lt \\l'fC Di..,trict Officer J. A. Bo urne (:\n. R /)1 tfIct), Lady ])Istrict Officl'f :\Ti,-;<; ( jndle)" Lady Dj\. Upl. ~Ijs Pearce (lnd olllmander ( t l\ \ l 11 S () i t III n. R. '.:-;. Follo\\'in;.: the pn "llltat l()ns, dancin~ l'Clllt intled lInl il Il1 dlli;.:hl. \\' \TFOHIl.-C()nl inucd progrl'ss is recorclcd by the \ ' at lord I )i\ l"i()n in thl' rcpmt ior 1933. Fi ity lllorC I.: l "~ . wcre dl'alt with, and O\'L' r 100 1llore dutil', \\·e re t1IH lL rtakeJ!. Thl' iull r,~un' s arl 2.967 ca<-;c" as ag-aint l,clj 6 and 2.6 cll tlut ic~ a a~·ainsl 2,.;72. The mcmbcrs put III 17.:;()() hour'i ni clut\. an incre<l"'c of 3.000 hour. oYer t't' prt:vioth ) lar. The motor ambulancc "cn'ice, run I v th(' Dorough Council and the: Dri~aclc, has continued t J call for the voluntary . en"ice of member" during 7 p 111. to 9 a.m. dail) ; also \\Tl'k-end.' and holidays. During thl \ ear, the I)l\'ision comlllcnced a new ambulance er\ " c.' for the transport of patients o\'er long eli. tances, t 11'i lca\'ing· free the Dnrou,!2;h amhulance for local work. Rl:,:·ular attendances have becn made at football J' [chl''i, picture halls, 'iports and othcr e\'cnts. Regular C I"''''C. had heen held and \\'1..'11 at tendcd. Thl' \\'at fordllistricl Amhulance C01l1peti[ ion aga11l prO \ ld a most . l1cccssful function. The auxiliary scn ice, under which amhulance boxes arl' supplied and' maintained at Incal faclories, has contlll l1cd succes. fully. During· the ) car 1933, ,up!. L. D. \\' hit e wa apP1l l1lted local IT clIl. Auditor to thc London District, Corpl. P F. Leavcr was awardee! the certificatc of the Royal I 111llane ,ociety, and Amh. Officer T. \V. Tscrll-Smith \\ I., crealed a Serving Brother of the Order. The financial po. ition sho\\'s a satisfactory halance.

No. 16 (NEW CROSS) DrVISIO .-On aturday, March 3r<1, the o. 16 ( ew Cro s) Division, under Div. Supt. \\,i llia1l1 n. Wehh, held thcir la ,l Dance of this sea on a( the Borough Hall, Ncw Cross, and the cvcning provided a fitting- len11ination to a very succe. sful season. In all a serie 0 r five dances have been organised, and with an average attendance of 38S people. which proved the popu1ari'ly of these functions. Thc danccs havc had the patronage of His Worship, ~hl' Mayor of D eptford, and havc heen yery allly organIsed hy Amb. Officer A. R. Ball, .B., in con j unction with ~[r. A. C. Lasseler (vice-president of the Division). During the interval in last Satl11'da "s Dance, l\Ir.

A I D.

22 7

Lasseter thanked the assembly for their support and announced that each of the dances had proved to be a financial success for the Divisional funds. At the same time, ~1r. Lasseter thanked Amb. Officer Rall for the great amount of time and work he had ginn in organising the Dances, and thc acclamation from the assembled dancers showed their apprcciation of the jolly cH'nings spent this 5Ca _0I1.

No. III. District. LEICESTER.-The annual meeting of the Leicester Cooperative Divi. ion was held on Friday, Fehruary 16th. Dr. E. R. Garrett, presiding. Di\·. upt. L. (;ibhe5 presented th report for 1933. J fc \\'a<; plea. cd to again report an increa c in membership in spill' of transfers and resignation. There \\·a al..,o all increa c in public duties performed, whil t attendances at practice how a welcomc improYement. Pte. '. A. J. mith was ucce ful in being the first winner of thc trophy prescnted to Division by Dr. E. B. Garrett, and of the l11eJal o·iven by the Society. The competition team haJ taken part in eyeral competitions, and althoug-h not in the prize list) put up a very creditable performance. Tribute ,,·as paid to the Hon. Sec. (Sg-1. A. B. Cheney), and to lhe , torekeeper (Pte. E. Ker haw), for the cfficient manner in which they had carried out thcir re pccti\"e dutie . Dr. E. \\-. Good\\·in thcn ga\'e a talk and demollsl ration on .. Carbon Dioxide Re u citation." The Doctor tated that until recently carbon dioxide hael becn regarded as a wa te product and oxygen a the great life saYer. Recent report ha\"c altered our views, and we now rcgard thi ga as far from being a wa te product. Carbon dioxide-the g-a u ed for making cerated water i· 0 f great u e in combating coal gas poi oning, the effcct. of motor car exhaust fumes, electrocution in fact. alma. t eve ry occa. ion when life is apparently extinct. Dr. Garrett, in thankin o · Dr. Goodwin for hi talk, . aid thi , ga \Va now kept in operating theatres, and \va' greatly u eel in maternity work. He al 0 appealed to the employccs of the ociety to join thc Diyi ion and 0 make thcmselves more useful when accidents occur and perhaps <1 . sist in the aving- of life. ORTJT.~rpTox.- Thc competition for the "Cadet Indiyidual Efficiency" Cup of the Torthampton Headquarter. Cadet Divi,ioll, took place on \ Vedne day, Fehruary 7th. The judg-es were: Corps Supt. \\T. E. Edwards, ::\I.B.E., and ~ upt. A. Lloyd. Fifteen Cadet took part and showed great kcenne in their work, only 3~ mark. dividing the fir. t four competitors. the re . lIlt heing a follow: 1st, Cadct A. \,yar\\,ick, 51 marks; 2nd, Cadet E. Lei,!?,·hton, 3q; 3rd, Cadct J. Taylor, 48; 4th, Cadet H. Clue, t a Social gathering· helel on L t March at H eac1quarter., each C~dct was' invited to hring a hoy friend and 19 C<1clets and 17 friend . at dO\\"Il to a good tea. Cadet Officcr F. T. \ Vhiling pre idcd, and \\'as , upported by Corp up1. \ \T. E. Edward, M.B.E., and i\lrs. Edwards and upt. A. Lloyd. After tea, 1\Ir . Edvyard' prc ented the Cup and Prize to the winners. few word of encou r ag-ement and adyice were spoken by cach Officer to the Cadets, who were afterwards taken to the ew Theatre Picture, and a pleasant and succes,fll l ey ning ended. Many thank. arc duc to the following ladies who prepared and sen'cd the tea-Mrs. Bland, 1r.. Hutchins, ilrrs. vVhiting (Sen.) ane! Irs. \\Thiting- (Jllr.)

4n.

the

Nl ~E.\TON.-Thc annua l presentation of aware!. of I1nealon Divisioll wa' held on Tuesda', Febrlla r '

FIRST

27th. ~lajor J. Orton, l\l.D., the Commi ioner, prcided, upported by the l\layor and l\layoress (Councillor \V. T. mith and Irs. mith), Corps Officer Bonham, Supt. Ashby Randle (Griff Di\'ision), upt. \V. H. Harri, Lady upt. I\lr. Henley. T\1r. J. c. Bennell (Director of Education) and Commandant F. VV. :-'Iortimer, B.R.C.S. In calling upon the l\layore- to pre ent the Nursing award, the chairman thanked the ),Iayor and Mayore for their upport which ,ya alway_ forthcoming. The l\layoress then pre ented the awards. The 1\Iayor handed thc Ambulance awards to thc men. "The 1\layor's 11 Cup will be held jointly by CorpJ. L. C. Looms and Pte. P. Coupland. Pte. G. H. Upton won the junior cup (non-medallion holders), whilst Cadetergt. A. Pratt \YOll " The 1\1ayor's " Cup for Cadet. l\lajor Orton propo ed a yote of thanks to the 1\Iayor and l\1ayores and said that it wa a matter of great gratification to all tho e who took part in ambulance and nursing \york to know that their ,,~ ork \yas appreciated by those in authority in the variou towns. He thought they should be grateful that they hael earned that recognition. It was a fact, thoug-h, that they wcre not appreciated properly. He thought they \\' ere looked upon a policemen and paid to run about in h1ack and white. Corps Officer Bonham seconded the yote of thanks and in replying the Mayor said hc had always been intcrested in ambulance ,York, and at one time wa a member of the Diyision. He could a ure them that their work was appreciated in the to\yn. Supt. Harris proposed a yote of thanks to the Chairman, and Lady Supt. Mrs. Henley seconded. In her remarks, )'Irs. Henley expressed her thanks for the loyal support giyen her by Amb. Officers Mansell and Capell. The Nursing Diyision had formed a Cadet Divi ion and they had hiO'h hopes of its success. The Chairman bricfly returned his thanks. The remainder of th~ eyening was spent in harmony and games. ROWLEY REGIs.-The annual dinner of the Rowley Regis Division \yas held in the Liberal Club. The Mayor (Ald. B. Hobbs, c.c.) presided. Among the visitors were 1\1r. B. Millward, c.c., Alderman D. M. Chapman (Deputy Mayor and Diy. Supt.), Asst. Commissioner F. F. Ie Souef Simpson, Dr. T. A. Cameron (Div. Surgeon), and others including- members of the council. Amb. Officer H. S. Bennett (secretary) presented his report \\'hi-ch showed a year of progress. Membership was now 42 and apart from the various duties memhers had attended church parades at Bromsgrove and the annual inspection. High honours had been bestowed upon the Di\,. Supt., Alderman D. M. Chapman, who dnring the past year was invested \"lith Insig-nia of Serving- Brother of the Order of St. John. This was fol~o\Ved by 1\1r. Chapman being elected to the mag-istenal bench, later an alderman of the Borough and then Deputy Mayor. < Awards gained by the members were distributed by T\1r. B. Millward. "Success to the Rowley Regis Division" was proposed by Alderman Thornton. Dr. J. A. Cameron tendered his thanks to all the members and especially to Supt. Chapman for the enthusiasm sho\'-'11 in the work of the Brigade. Supt. Chapman expressed the wish that others would join and that employers in the District would take a g-reater intcrest in the work. With road accidents now happening ~ith great frequency, there was a greater need for first aId workers. One could never tell when a knowledge of first aiel would often save pain) limb or life.

A I D.

l\l a rch

1934.

No. IV. ( Lancashire) District ACCRINGToN.-In lli annual report, the hid COIltablc mentioncd that enry membcr 0 f the Forcc hcl d the t. John Amhulancc Ccrtificatc. 'vVc offer sincere g'ood wi she to the hid onstablc and his 100 per cen t ]:;'ir t Aiel Force, and trust that this record may lJC mai11 tained. BUCKPOOL.-For the fir ·t time in their history th members of thc Royal aval uxiliary ick Berth R e sen'c Old Comradcs' Association held theiI- annual mce ing and rc-union at Blackpool on Saturday, March 3\"(1 Thcy dccided to hold thc re-linion thcrc again next yea . Blackpool' 1\layor ( ld. C. E. Tatham)' who wa a n officeI- in the R. T.Y.R. durinO' the war. met many oIrl friend there. and though hc \\'as unable to stay throug-h out thc enning, 0\\ ing to other engagements, hc lookcc in again to say that he had arranged \\'ith 1\1r. J. ),1olIi on. thc ,,'orld-famous fh'cr to take some of t1 officials for an aerial yicw of Blackpo()1. " He's sailor all rio'ht, ' remarked onc man a the ),[ayor "'Olll up a breezy humorou pecch with a tory told in ail nr fashion. Dl11-jng- thc afternoon thc mcmhers paraded c t the \\ra r T\1emo~ia1, where a \\Tcath \\'a laid III memo !,. of thc fallen, by thc President. BURXLEY.-Thc Burnie\' Diyi ion held allece"i :l dance in thc Con en'ati \'c' Assembly Room<;, Tue: (] , night, Fcbruary 20th, in aid of Drigacl~ fund..,. The l1lu:,(' was proYiclcel by thc Caba ret Rand. KIRKTL\::-.r.-O\'cr 150 people attended thc mhlllal1 l1. Ball, held in thc new Ambulance Hall at Kirkham. Caeil Officer \\'illac)' and CorpJ. \\' orthington \\ ere thc :'LC.' ., and thc Prog-ressiYe Band played for cIancin,g-, \ Tario ll competitions \\' crc organi cd and thcre \\ ere prizes for tl'<' Lucky Spot Dance. and the Balloon Dance. LOXGRIDGE.-The memhcrs of thc Long'ridg'c Di\ i.-in"! held their second Birthday Party at the Co-opcrative Ha:l. Tuesday, February 6th. \\'hen about 70 memhcr a nd friend wcrc prcscnt. The fir. t part of the program llle consi tcd of a \iVhist and Domino Drive. \\ hich \Va ' fol lowed by a concert after rcfre . l1l11cnt had heen ser\' ('c! LYTII.\::-.r.-At thc annual meeting of the Lytham Ambulance and Nursing Divi ions (L\ tham St. Anne.) it was dccided to make a special effort to clear off stumps were out 0 f thc socket. He wa quickly mack the debt of £100 remaining on thc Headquarters, and also to try to raisc sufficient money to acquire a ro ad hut for usc of the patrol at Warton. MA CIIESTER.-At the Cup-Tic match, Manchcst c" City v. Stoke City played at Manchester, March 3rc1 a man with two artificial legs asked if an Ambulanc man could assist him as he ' feared that his straps had slipped from his limbs. He was assisted to a Dressin gStation, under the sta.1d, and it was found that both tumps were out of the socket. He was quickly mad" comfortable, and found a safe place out of the crowd. S"BDEX.- Tn order to augmcnt their funds a conce rt was held under the auspices of the Ambulance and Nmsing Divisions at Sabden, in St. Nicholas' School, presided over by the Rev. Father Murray. The programme con sisted of a dancing; acrobatic display bv Miss D. Stafiorcl and her pupils, concertcd items by members of the J oyfu1'> Concert Party fr0111 the Baptist School, and humorotI ~ itcms hy M r. SharpIcs. Mr. T. Pi lkington accompal;icd the vocalists, and Mr. II. Stanwick played for da.nctng.

FIRST

March , 1934.

WIGAN.-Miss Alicc Kirkham, thc Cotton Queen of Great Britain, altended thc fancy dress ball, February 12th, organised by the Orrell (\ i\,Tigan) Division, at the Palais dc Danse, hbcy Lakes.

No. V. District. AR~ILEY ~\:--.ro \VORTLEY.-Thc annual report for the year ended December 31st, 1933 of thc Armley and \Vortley Division, has now been published. Once again thi Diyi ion has had an exacting year. Cases dealt with number 518, making a total 7,2~3, Public duties \\ere carried out on many occasions notably on the visit of T.:'f. the King and Qucen to Leeds at thc Armley I' ca t Ground, Children' ports, etc. Efficicncy is the watchword of thi Division. In a ddition to first aiel, 22 memher hold Home Tursing Certificates or ),Iedallion Pendant, 14 hold Sanitation Certificate and Pendants, \\ hil t 10 members have pas ed the required examII1atiolls in the subj cct of Hygiene, thus ql1alifyin rr for the Home Hygienc Certificates and Pendants. Ile member with ninetecn vear<; en' ice has obtained 16 fir t aid label, 9 _'ur 'ing 'Pendant, 7 ~ anitation and 6 HygIene Pendant.. The DlyisioI1 ha the proud disti nction of poc";lng C\'ery certificate a\'ailable; this is accomplihed hv havin~ three urg:eon, each of who111 ha. hiS 0\\,11 suhject, and a ,ull~rintencleJlt who i a D i:-,pl' n:ing- -hcJlllst. Fiyc new member· juined the Di\'i ion a the rcsult of cIa .. cs rriyen la t .\uluI11n at which 21 candidatc ent e red. Thc financial position is alls[actory but morc support i" required to carryon the \york and to increasc the cope i i po ihk.

H .\;,\LEY.-~l1jlt. E. M. R .• Tixon presided oycr the a nl1ual ~clleral I11LetiI1~ of the Hanley Division. He \\ :ts tl{lpnrtccl hy \mh. Officer J. La)land. S.B., D.S.~I.. (: ccrctary), and \V. J. Tildcslcy, ergts. H. O\\'cns anel J. Hrnadhl1rst and the ITon. Auditor, l\1r. G. \Vood Thc T relt mer. Serg-t. II. E. ohley, .R., was unablc 'to bc p resent. The cllainn;tn spokc of thL: grL:at amount of timc a nd work that memhersgan to pl1blic duties in picturc hou es, etc, in Hanley. Thc nl1mber of duties performed to talled 3,33-+. lIe cong'ratulated the competition team 1Il their perseverance. Practically all members had 1as. eel a re-exainination in fir ·t aid and 13 had pas ed 111 home nl1rsing, which broug'ht the total awards o-ained through the di\' i ion to 1,3-i9. Four membcrs ~f the Royal Naval ick Berth Re en'c had attended a course o f training- at Portsmouth . The thanks of thc Divi ion wcre duc to Dr. Kino' lc\' Inman, 1\I.c. ancl Dr. A. A. \Voods, for continuing the(l' lectures, to the managcr and staff of the Roxy, Hanley, \\'ho had again given thc whole of the proceeds of a Sl1nday concert, and to all who assisted in making 1933 a successful year for the Division. The" Dr. Read" Rose Bowl had this ycar been won h.y ergt. H. Owens. The « Joan Efficicncy" Medal, kl11dly given by the late Supt. K. Bank. was awarded to Ptc. S. Tansey. The Laurence Mcdal" and Wood Medal," also given for efficiency during the year wcrc Won hy Pte. A. Hammond and A. G. Sclwood rc pcctivcly. I(

No. VII. District. LUDLow.-Thc sccond annual whi t dri\'c and dancc of Ludlow Division took place at the Town Hall when 9S tables werc occupied. Mr. H. F. Grant ably carried out the duties of M.C., whilst the decoration of the hall w~s. done by Mrs. Ernest Lloyd, assisted by a bRnd of Wl1hng llclpcrs.

A I D.

229

Mrs . Egan, wife of Dr. J. L. Egan, Di,'. Surgeon, prcsented the prizes. 1\lrs. Egan was the recipient of a bouquet prcsentccl by Miss 'vVhittall as an cxpression of the Division's appreciation. Mr. J. Palmer, President, proposed a vote of thanks to :'Irs. Egan, thc donors of prizes and refreshments, the ladies' committee, :'1rs. E. Lloyd, and the assembled company. Dancing then proceeded under the efficient 1'.1.c., 11r. D, VV. Jones, and numerous prizes \\ ere awarded for statue dance, spot and balloon dances, etc. Mrs. Sherry and her Melody Makcrs' Band carned Illuch applause, and there were frequent encores. Thc generosity of local trade "men and to\\'nspeoplc was c\'idenced by the large display of prizes and refreshments, and the number of donations. The energetic ladies' committee under Mrs, Jackson did much hard work in catering for the large Company, and dancing continued until the early hours. Over £50 was raised for Divisional funds.

No. IX. District. EXETER.-Ccrtificates WOll during the year by members of the City of Exeter Cadet Division were presented at a social gathering at Holy Trinity Institute, Exeter, on Thursday, February 22nd, by the Bishop of Crediton. Each Cadet ",as also given a first-aid outfit Cadet Gordon Rogers received the prize offered by 1\1r. S, Rayner for thc cadet making the best attendance (44) during; the year. On behalf of the cadet , the Bishop presented Dr. T. :'1. Preece (County Surgeon), Mr. S. Rayner and Cadetl1Pt. H. Langmaid with tokens of appreciation of their ,,-ark on behalf of the boys. Thc Bi hop was thanked by Sl1Pt. E. A. BO\yden. TEWTOX ABBoT.-De\·on Cadet Diyisions met in competition at Newton Abbot on Saturday, February 24th, \"hen teams from A hburtoll, Barnstaple, Exeter, Exmouth, and Te\Yton Abbot took part. To Barnstaple Di\'isiol1 went the honour of \\-inning this first annual competition, They scored 139 points out of a possible 200. T'he team consi ted of Cadets C. Webber, A. vVebb. Corpl.-Cadet H. Stone, and Corp1.-Cadet L. Acland, who were in the charge of Cadet-Supt. F. Frampton. Exeter were second with 135 points, Ashburton third with 121, Newton Abbot fourth with Ill, and Exmouth fifth with 90. The trophy competed for ,,'as giycn by Col. C. I. Elli ,C.M.G., urgeon-in-Chief, and after presenting it to the winning team hc said the \york he had seen was very encouraging. The j udg;es \\' crc County-Surgcon Yenn Dunn, of Torquay, and Div. Surgeon 1\Iorton Palmer, of TeiO'l1mouth . Corps-Secretary, Major Greenslade, of Newton Abbot, and Assistant-Commissioner II. \Tick, of Paigntoll, were responsible for thc arrangements.

No. X. District . BEccLEs.-Another successful year of useful work was reviewed at the annual meeting of thc Becc1es Diviion held recently at Brigade Headquarters. The Mayor of Becc1e (Mr. Walter G. Roberts), president, presided ovcr a largc attendance and was supported bv Supt. vV. C. vVatt, Alderman H . Copeman, Dr. H. G. \Vood-Hill (Div. Surgeon) and Dr. Howard \Varner. Mr. C. Bennett (Secrctary) in hi sC\'enth annual rcport said that although thc member hip showed a decrease of seven, th ree senior cadets were till on the Boy Cadet strength nnd three members had joined thc Police

230

FIR S T

Force. All local eY(~nt had been attended. T eams took part in ambulance competitions at Yarmo uth and I orwich and a field day wa held at Hin ton. Cadet- upt. R. W. Clark had \yon the individual efficiency cup. The financial po . ition " 'a of a sati factory condition. The ~Iayor congratulated the Diyi ion not on ly on doing uch good work, hut on the hearty \yay in which they _upportecl their officer. . ~Ir. Gray tOll, Car . . ecretary, reported that the amhulance had heen called out on 1-1-6 occa ions and t rayclled 2.261 miles . ttendants, men and nurse . put in 588 hours of duty. ~Ir . C. Bennett, Secretary of the \\"omen's Sect ion, r eported an illcrea. e of four fl~lly qualified Illll" es. Dl1ties had he n performed on IlU1l1eroUS occa . iOlls and the Divi~i()n's hedmaking' team \\'a only olle point hehind tIle win11 e rs at th e Yarmouth competitions. A satisfactory report was ginn hy 11i. s D. Ca11o\\' Oil th e Gi rl Cadet.. Supt. \\' . C. \\iatts thanked the members for their loyal support. They belollg-ed to the mo t honoured Order of Chiyalry in the worlel, and it rested on each indiyidual to keep that honour un ullied. H .\RLO\\,.-;',Iemher of the Harlow Diyi ion held their first annual dinner on February 13th, when Dr. \Y. X. Booth, Divi ional Surgeon) pre ided. upporting him w e r e ~Ir. H. Langley Jones) Supt. F. A. Hawksworth, Amh.-Officer J. Flogdell) Lieut.-Col. G . A. Grounds (trea -urer), Dr. L. J. Shiel) Police Supt. Rolfe . I\Ir. F. C. Drake, 1\1r. J. F. Lofts and ~1r. S. VlT. \ IV ebb. Following the loyal toast) the Chai rm an proposed th e St. John Ambulance Brigade. They were) he said) proud of the Brig-ade. They were pleased to have Mr. Langley Tone \yith them as he had done much to assist the Harlow biyision. Dr. Booth coupled his name with the toast. ::"1r. Lang-ley Jones replyin o ' to the toa t, said how much he appreciated the honour they had done him. Work for the Brigade was a job of pleasure. Harlow was doing excellent wo rk. Supt. Hawk worth had been doing th e work for years and v;as a typical Brigade member. The peaker referred to the medical comfort depots and oth e r departments o£ the Brigade work in Essex. The toast of " The Harlow Divi ion " \\'as proposed hy Col. Grounds . He eulog-ised the work done by the Division and appealed for new members also for financial support. Last year the Division \vas called to 111 cases th e ambulance travellin g 6,000 mi le. That ;:done was sufficient to show that the Division was worthy of support. The Division had an excellent S urgeon hacked up hy a Superintenclent second to none. Replying to the toast Supt. H a\\'ksworth said they appreciated what had been said. After giving' the hi story of the Division, the speaker statecl that memhers haci carried out 15-1- puhlic cl uties for which 923 attendances and 2,000 hours of duty ha~ been put ill. Some 1,030 cases 11ad been attended whlle removals numhered 289. Amb. Officer Flogdell proposed "The Visitors" to wllich 11r. S. W. Webb and Police Supl. R olfe r esponded. Thanks to th e Chairman was proposed by Mr. W ebb.

COLLIERY DIVISIO , S .J.A.B. - Th e H AR\VORTH fourth annual competition for the "Thomas Cecil Ba rber" 1emo rial Shi eld and the "M rs . Wright" Cup will he held in the H a rworth Collie ry In stitute on Saturday, the 21st April, 1934. Valuable prizes are awarded to the value of £15, a nd the test is straightforwa rd ambulance work For particulars a nd schedul es write Amb. Offi ce r S. G. Lee, Harworth Colliery, near D oncaste r.

AID.

fetters

the

FIRST

l\Iarch, 1934.

l\1arch , 1934.

Przory for Wales.

&ditor.

We are in no war responsible for the opinions expressed , or th statements made, by Correspondents. -EDITOR .

A 1BULANCE

SI TER'S

CO [PL.\INT.

DEAR SIR,At a recent Nursing ompetition the team test wa'i given to com pet itors verbally, and we pro eed d to work On the information given. At the flnish we w ere heavily pen alised, as' the judg-e maintained he had sa id riglll leg, and w e had treated left. All four co mpetitors (who had regi s tered left in their own particular way) without any hes itati ol refuted the statement, and w e ha\'e JlO doubt whaten.' r tha ll:!l was g iven us . Although w e reali se that an error on the part of th judge cannot be que tioned (not with tanding the fa ct th a one person's word is as good as anoth r's), we feel W L should at least know how many mark we re dedu cted fo this alleged error, as our po ition on the result heet is not in accordance with our actual \\·o rk. lay I appeal throu g h your columns that in futur e where tests cannot be acted or faked, they at lea t m ay IX' put in writin g, and not verbally, to a\'oid a imilar occurren ce, as this has created a very di s atisfied feeling among t our members, a nd is very hurtful to p l' e\'erin g worker.;;. Yours faithfully, A DISII E.\HTENED ;\IE~1B ER.

Durham, Cleveland and Westmorlan Districts Ambulance League . TIlE progress of amb ulance work in the o rth, and mon especially in the mines, was praised by :\lr. T. Greenland Davies, H.l\1. Divi sional In pector of line, at the fin al competitions of the above League, held on atu rday, Fl'hruary 2-1-th , in the Durham Town Hall. The competition was the 29th of the seri es. i:dcl'n winners of tne eliminating round s comp ted in the seni t)r event and four in the junior. The results were :SENIORS. - " Donald Ba in" Shi e ld and gold medal s, 1, Eston, 279 points; 2 and "Committee" up and silver medal s, Eppleton D, 275; 3 and" H ea th" Cup (for stretcllLr work), Horden, 263; La ngl ey Park, 263; Dean an 1 Charter A, 263 ; Brancepeth, 2-1--1-. Eppleton D were abo awarded the" L. G. Dillon" Cup for the be t team in th l' Seaham Division. Th e judges were Dr. Jame Anderso n, of Seaton D elaval, and Dr. \V. Hud son , of Bedington. Jt'NIORS.-" Elizabeth Bain" Shield and silv r med al s, 1, Lumley 6th Pit, 283 points; 2, Dean and Chapter, 281 : 3, Crookhall, 260; -1-, N ew Brancepeth , 252. Dr. D. [O'Kelly, of Bolton, was the adjudicator. The trophies were prese nted by 1r. F. II. V\Tynnc, H . M. D eputy Chief Inspector of Mines. The aims of the competition, he said, were purely humanitarian and deserved the whole-hearted support of everybody. The coal owners did their best by pro vidin g fund s. Ambulance men a re wanted more in the mines than in any other industry, and he looked forward to the time when miners were 100 per cent. ambulance men. Mr. T. Greenland Davies stressed the importance of boys undergoing a safety training course before entering- th e J11 ines. He hoped that before the end of the year over 2,000 boys will have qualified for badges. Dr. Anderson, acknowledging a vote of thanks to th e judges, said he did not know why, hut Durham had always heen in advance of Northumberland in its ambulance training. Mr. George Watkins, of Murton, secretary to th e League, was also thanked for bi s untiring erforts,

231

A I tJ.

-- --------------------------------------------------------------------

Plnor{Y IIE .\l)QC llI{J' EH NOTES. uJll111ari cs of the reports of th e various de partments of the Priory for \.Vales wer prese nted to the meeting of the .\ m\) ulan ce C0111mittee held in the Law Courts, Cardirr, on ;\ )on day, February 26th, at which the Assistant Direc tor of ." Illb ulance, Profe or George Kno;.;, presided. On the As ociation ~ ide, the steady ri se in the numbe r nf dlic ien cy award::. isued year by year is well mainta ined in the 1933 resu lts. .\ total number of 18,220 st udents pre~c nte d themseh'cs for \.'xaminatiol1 or re-exCl11linati on- 72-1II1l1rC than in 1932; and 16,3 9 qualified for awards. This i an increase of 656 on the ligure for 1932 and conti nu s a LJue n e of increa::.cs from 1 tJ 19, when the number of UCle ful examinees \\it 2,519. Th e fo llowin g- table "ho\\ the Lcrti li cate and awards i sLlcJ in the \'tl ri o u'i 'entres l)f the Prior~

C 'ntre

I' irst

\ ' ') U·

,\iJ

e ll er!

10 An gleey Rre cknock hire :!C)5 ( rdlhanshl re 72 C eloan'on hire 'umarlhensh i re iCJI nc nbighshi re 19~ lli ntshi re 36 la morgan ty. 1,()67 Aberda rL 37 1 ardlfT 173 , le rthy r 220 1 ho ndda " ) Sw ansea -I .lo nmou thshrre ~3 I? 'ewpo rl - )' L

12 3 .1 ontgomerysb i re 54 Pe mbrokeshi re 12 3 ~lt: rionelh5htrc

!'adno rshi re L: naltached

I lome ). ursing

Home Ilyc:ic 'le, \Iarine &. :'Ilil1lo!; Med ~ .

;8 37

1:!

i) 2,

..,.,

I -' .)-

t, ~

lOS

i5 1)9 3~ ; 15-1 10 5 1:; :;7 41

12~

79 ;~

31,1 -+ 112 4b 10:; cN

26[ 65 70 13

37 435 '2 59 ;9 117 92

25 8 26 51

J .).) "

3')

8 2~

4C)

3 16 1-' ).)

5,597 1,7 '4 r,14°

155

1,559

Label,

Total

40 17 '

59 616 255 -16) 1,3 18 539 178 4,35 2 874 93.3 66 1 1,24 8 737

!)6

17q 49 6 201 58

1.5 24 I )~

41:>"t

34r 3 '6 321 <)9 ' 25~

168 76 114 29 27

"- , )... )..,.., .)

469 442 151 3[3 41 52 153

6,154 16.3 8 9

The finultotals have not been completed for the Brigade i I \\'alcs but it is at lea t \ idcnlthat the strength shown a t ])<.;cl!111ber 31st, 1932, a 10 , 179, \\'ill be exceeded . The lotor t\mbulanc Tran port Departm ent rendered greate r n 'ice la t year than in any previous twelve months, tile Y, 105 case ca rried and 1 J,811~ mil es travelled beingan in trease of 1,035 removal s and 17 ,36 S ~ mile ' on 1932. The article' issued during 1933 th~ough the thirty-thr e \( edical Comforts DeptHs working under the <egis of the Priory, total -1-, Y55-an in crease of ++2 on 1932 . The Ambulance Committee approved the divis ion of the N cath Corps into three Corps and the con st itution of the l)ulais Valley, Neath and Vale of Nea th Corps, and the con sellu ent new appointments were confirmed. San ction \ a s given to a new Ambulance Division at Tenbyand a l ' nit formed within I he Lower Rhondda Corps to be known ch the Rhondda Tramways Division, whi h as the name implies, is compos d solely of transport worker, many of whom in all parts of "VVales are taking up ambulance work wi th enthusiasm. Three further Cadet C nits were registered at Se llghenydd, Cwmbran and Ynyshir. It was announced that the Welsh Brigadc Competitions tor the « Llandinam " Shield and "Arthur Griffiths Memorial" Cup would take place in Cardiff on Saturday, Ap ril 1-1-th. The winning teams "viII represent Wales in the Brigade Finals to be held in London on May 25th, when

H. R. H. the Du chess of York, Coml11andant-in-Chief of Nursing Corps and Divisions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, will graciously present the awards. The selection of judges for the Ambulance Competitions to be held at this year's Royal National Eisteddfod at Neath, of which the Hon. John H. Bruce (Principal Secretary and Commissioner for \Nales) has been appointed Hon. Director of "\m bulance, was co n firmed. Dr. Hugh Arwel Thomas, Assistant Medical OAlcer of Health for the County of Denbigh, was elected an Honorary Life 1em ber of the Priory in consideration of his long and gratuitous service as Lecturer to the Wrexham Ambulance Class, which has an increasing membership, and will shortly incluue the employees of the \\.'rexham Transport Company. At the meeting of Council, held subsequently, it was learned with gratitlcation that the Sub-Prior of Lhe Order, :\lajor-General the Earl of Scarbroug h, K.G., G.B.E., K.C.B., T.D ., would be accompanied by the Ch a ncellor, Lt.-Genl. Sir Aylnler Hunter-\\Teston of Hunterstoll, K .C. B., D.S.O., R.E., l\I.P., whe n he visit the Priory on Jun e 28th Lo co nduct an Investiture of vVelsh members a dmitted to or promoted in the Order during the current year. AWARDS FOR BRIG ,\D E SERVICE.

The Sub-Prior, on behalf of His Royal Highness the Grand I rior, has approved the award of Service l\Iedals an d Sel-vice ledal Bars to the following mem bers of the Brigade in \Vales : Service lIfedals. Gla 1l10rgan County Centre.-Corps Supt. \V. J. Mainwaring, Ambulance Officers Josiah Jones and Be njamin Evan, Ambulance Sister Gladys Vaughan. Denbigh hire Centre.-Commissioner Charles E. Sa lt, 1\I.B., Ch.B. Borough of Rhondda Centre, - Sergeant John B. Pendry. Service iYfedal Bars. Aberdare Centre.-Divisional Supt. David R. \\,illiam Denbi ghs hire Centre.-Di\'. Supt. George Higgin on. Glamorgan County Centre. - L a dy Div. Supt. Ethel Robin son. Borou g h of t\e\\'port Centre.-Assistant C0111mis ioner George C. Oliver and Corp Secretary H. C. "VVorthy. Borough of Rhondda Centre.-Sergt. Treyor Hopkins. 2nd Bars. (On completion of 25 years). Brecknockshire Centre.-Div. SupL "VV. J. l\lorris , ergts. 1\1. P. Jones and G. "VViIliam . Denbighshire Centre. - Staff Officer David J one. Borough of Newport Centre.-StaIT Officer George Rowlands. Borou o'h of Rhondda Centre. -Corps In. Stores \\'. J. Ledbuf). h Jrd Bars. (On completion of 30 years). City of Cardi!T Centre. - Corps Supl. William H. Johnson. .JIlt 13m'.

(On completion of 35 years). 1\lon1l1outhshire Centre. Commissioner Samu 1 Trc \'or Beard, O. B. E. FORTHCOMING OPEN COMPETITIONS.

Open ambulance competitions will feature again this

232

FIR S T

year in the programme for the Royal \Velsh Agricultural ociety's annual how at Llandudno on the 27th July, 193-+, at ""hich the Hon. John H. Bruce will act as Honorary Director of Ambulance; and the Priory for V\Tales will as usual undertake the arrang-ements for the contests and the organisation of first aid pr~\'islOns within the show ground. There ,,"ill be three competitions, yiz. i.-Silver Challenge Shield, open to teams of men in '\Tales and l\lonmouthshire, the members of which must hold a fir!"t aid certificate of a recognised society. First prize, £3 ; second prize, £2. 2. - Sih·er Challenge Cup, open to teams of ladies in \\Tales and l\lonmouthshire, the members of which must hold a first aid and home nursing certificate of a recognised society, First prize, £3 ; second prize, £2. 3.-" ArnaIlt Jones" Shield, open to teams of St. John Boy Cadet in \Yales and l\lonmouthslJire, the members of wl,ich must hold a first aid junior certificate of the Order of St. John. First prize, £2 10s. ; second prize, £1 10s. Entry forms accompanied by a postal order for two shillings and sixpence must be sent to the Show Secretary, Agricultural Society, Show Offices, Llandudno, by july 1st. ~eath, which is the yenue of the Royal National Eisteddfod this year, is too much a stronghold in ambulance work for competitions not to find a prominent place in the programme for the Eisteddfod, to be held in the week commencing Monday, August 6th, under the presidency of 1\1r. D. M. E"ans-Bevan, Commissioner for the Glamorgan County Centre of the Priory. Entries for any of the following competitions should be sent to the general secretary, Royal National Eisteddfod Office, Orchard-street, Neath :Monday, August 6th. (1) The" Lady Lewis" Cup of the Priory for 'W ales, special medals and monetary prizes for the first three teams, open to teams of five men each holding a First Aid Certificate of a recognised society. (2) The "Lady Bute" Cup of the Priory for Wales, special medals and monetary prizes for the first three teams, open to teams of -+ women each holcJing a First Aid and Home Nursing Certificate of a recognised society (5) The" Isca" Shield, with set of medals and monetary prizes for the first three teams, open to teams of boys, resident in \Vales or 10nmoutshire, belonging to a recognised junior organisation and each holding a Preliminary First Aid Certificate. Tuesday, August 7th. (3) The" Trevethen " Shield, with sets of medals and monetary prizes for the first three teams, open to teams of 5 men, resident in vVales or l\lonmouthshire, each holding a recog nised First Aid Certificate. (-J.) The "Silurian" Shield, with set of medals and monetary prizes for the first three teams, open to teams of 4 women, resident in Wales or Monmouthshire, each holding a First Aid and Home Nursing Certi ficate of a recognised society. (6) The" Gwent" Shield, with set of medals and monetary prizes for the first three teams, open to teams of girls, resident in Wales or l\lonmouthshire, belonging to a recognised junior organisation and each in possession of a Prelimirary First Aid and Home Nursing Certificate. Wednesday, August 8th. (7) Competition for the Cup presented by the Chairman of the Ambulance Committee, confined to teams from the N'eath, Aberavon and Pontardawe Corps. (8) Individual Competion for a Cup presented by the Chief Constable of Neath, open to any member of a competing team at the'X eath Eisteddfod. The "DECORATOR5'

« PA I NTERS' MAOAZII\b"

8d. monthly) is THE trad e paper fo r all InteredetJ. PilbUsh inl Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C.,..

~1ice J\mbulance News. NATIONAL

FIRST

AID

COMPETITION.

CIIAt.IPIONSIIIP FOR ' VEST SUSSEX.

clnd called upon Sir Percival Wilkinson to announce thc result which were: Individual Team Total Test Tc t Ma rks 1, \Vest Sussex 2, We t Riding I, CardifT City .1, Li\"\:!rpool Cit)' Great Yarmouih ( , carborough I, Birmingham City " l\letropolitan " D " l Exeter City 1

Central Hall, vVestminster, London, on February 23rd, was the scene of the final competition for the "Pim" Challenge Cup, which carries the champion hip for Police ambulance teams. Nine teams, winners of the eliminating rounds, competed. The staging of the team test was excellent, and liltl was left to the imagination of the competitor. Here was a jeweller's shop, with windows smartly dre ed, from whicl emerges a bold, bad robber. A constabl steps forward to intercept him, and in a desperate attempt to e cape th t: burglar fires a revolver, seriously wounding the con table . Help, however, is at hand, and a econd con table instantl ~ fells the thief with a sharp but efficient blow from hi s truncheon. Then the team gets to work. E\'crythin g except the stretcher, the am bulance and a doctor i at han u in a chemist's shop, which is providentially placecJ next doo to the jewellers. Some excellent work was witnessed, bu how some teams missed the all-important fractured pin ~ was inexcusable. As one doctor-judge' stated: "No teal or competitor can possibly miss an injury if the detailct.' examination of a patient is carried out propcrly." Competing teams might remem ber this. The individual tests were not staged to a ,"ery hig- h degree, and we suggest that these tests should recei\'e th t same attention as the team test. \Ve appreciat the diff culties [his would involve, but nevertheless more should b,> done in this direction. The judges on this occasion were: Dr. G. D. E. Tulli:; of Hereford (team and No.3), and Capt. A. . 'W hite Knox of London-deputising for Dr. R. B. Duncan - (~o . 1, 2 4 and 5). The arrangements were in the capable hand of :'Ill D. G. Monteith, the competition secretary of thc .j.A.A. Here perhaps it would bc well to mention the unfortunate report which appeared in a London newspaper on th L morning of the competition. Somehow an enterpri in ~ reporter managed to obtain particulars of the test, no doub l by attending the dress rehearsal on the day prior to th final and, without thought, sent in a report to his paper His editor should, we think, have known that in competi tions such as the Policc Final, secrecy is an essential factor but apparently in this instance the import3.ncc was noL understood, and consequenLly competitors, and also th ' general public, were able to learn all about the test, wit h the exception of the actual injuries, before aLtending th e competition. We will say no more on this subject except tl) endorse Lord Rockley's words, that the disclosure was unin tentional or due to :1. misunderstanding, and that it will not happen again . Throughout the day there was a large gathering tl witness the competitions, and the Home Secretary, Sir j oh £1 Gilmour, accompanied by Lady Gilmour, were among the interested onlookers. Others present included the Low Rockley; Maior-General Sir Percival Wilkinson, SecretaryGeneral of the Order; Colonel J . T. W. Perowne, Hospitaller of the Order; A. L. Dixon, Esq., J. H. Burrell, Esq. , F. C. J ohnson, Esq. and H. H. C. Prestige, Esq., from th e Home Office; Sir Hugh Turnbul l, Commissioner, City of London Police; Hon. Trevor Bigham, DeputyCommissioner, Metropolitan Police; and the Chief Constables of Hereford , VvTest Sussex, Accrington, Dudley, Liverpool, West R iding of Yorkshire, Birmingham, Exeter, Scarborough, Cardiff and Great Yarmouth. Lord .l{ ockley presided over the p resentation meeting-

FIR S T

March , 1934.

1arch ,- 1934.

A I D.

168

171~

160 176 146 145 1-+8 155!

137~

166~

354.~

1671 172-

339332 329~ 325 315! 304 291 283t

153~

179170~

156U5~

146~

l\Iaximum larks 250 240 -+90 \\Test u ex are to be congratulatcd on th ir succcss. "'hi team i the only team which has competed in every nal since the commencement of thi series in 192 and , < leir record i a worthy onc. In 19'~1 t Ile won t IlC" p'1m " up for the first lime, on three occa ion~ they h;t\ e been 1 Inn rs-up, and on the other two occasIOn -were placed 'h iro and flflh. The Hom" ('cretary pre ented th trophy ancJ indi-

A I D.

233

lery. No.5 (instructed) tries to int~rcept him, ~et shot for his pains, and falls to the ground 111 a heap, lyll1g on I~ft side, thighs drawn up. No. 2 (instructed) fells the thlcf with his truncheon. The thief lies still, on his face. NOTES FOR J UDGE. Instruct thief, tell him how to lie, and attach card to his clothing. Mark No.5 with entrance and exit wounds, insert bullet, and instruct him how to fall and lie . Instruct ~o. 2. Place team in position. TEST. 3 Approach No.5 rapidly and warn him to lie still ... Disarm and search the unconscious thief for further wea pons. (Card on th ief: "U nconscious from concussion; no other injury") ... ... Detail one competitor to look after thief, treat for 3 concussion, and take charge of stolen goods EXA;\JINATIO"," OF TIIlEF. Turn thief on to his back, keep his head low and 2 turned to one side 2 Look for and remove false teeth, if any 2 Undo 3.11 tight clothing 2 Keep back crowd 3 o\'er ,,\armly

The \\Te<;l'us ex team \"ith the "Pim" Challenge Cur. I nsrcctor C;l' l, captain of the team, is on the left of the cup. \ ldual prizes and in a short :Jpecch congratulated all teams I) n the interest taken in first aid work. He urged them to try to induce the young r men to enter enthusia tically into he competitions and not re t content Lo be represented each \ ear after ycar by the old hands. . The Lord Rockley thanked Sir john Gtlmour for his l'resence and also the Judge for their . ervices that day. TIlE TESTS. The markin<r shed for the team test wa as follows :CARD OF IN;TRGCTIO .-On a cold, rainy day you five are keeping watch on a jeweller's shop in an arcade 5~ yards from the main street, where you know a suspected thief has (ntered and is expected to emerge at any moment. There is an ambulance at the ho pital, 2 miles away . Watch a.nd act accordingly. T ime allo\\'cd, 20 minutes from when :1\0. 5 falls. . ACTION. - T he thief makes a bolt for it ,vith the Jewel-

EXAMIN.\TION or- No.5. . peak encouragingly to No.5 and ask where he feels the pain (Judge answers amid groans, "ri~ht side," and points to where the bullet struck hll11) Avoid altering patient's position at present Note colour oHace (pale) Feel pulse (120- weak) Breathing (laboured) ... Any apparent hccmorrhage (no) Temperature of skin tested (cold and clammy) Undo all tight clothing ... .. . .. Very carefully bare wound and note bullet wound rig-ht loin Ask 1'8 ha~morrhage (\'ery little) Pre\'ent contamination of wound Suspect possibility of internal ha~morrhage from right kidney ... . .. Ask if passed blood-stained urine (no) Ask if there is a doctor amongst bystand rs (no)

3 2

+ 4

234

FIR S T

TRE.\Tl\tE1\'T OF SilO ' K .\ to POSSlBLE INTER tAL H.E;\IORRH.\GE, No.5. Eeep crowd back and gi\'c a much air as possible end competitor or bystander to chemist's shop for cold water, hot water bottle, blanket, mclling-salt, bandage, iodine, and drt: ings prinkle face with cold water ... melling-salts to nostrils Sip of cold water ... Keep warm with hot \Vater bottle Cover patient with blankets Carefully remo\'e clothing from back Look for exit wound (discovered just left of sewnd lumbar vertebra; bullet drops out of clothing) Preser\'e bu Ilet Any ha?morrbage (\'ery little) ... Any beme showing in wound (no) A k patient to move his legs (unable to) ... .., Note if patient winces when both legs are pinched (no) Diagnose compound fracture of spine TREAnlENT OF E 'TRA 'CE \\'OUND. terilise wound with iodine-first to own fingers Apply clean dry absorbent dressing Retain in position, .. TREATME;\lT OF EXIT \VOUND. Sterilise wound with iodine-first to own fingers Apply clean dry absorbent dressing Retain in position ... TREADlENT OF FRACTURED SPINE. Warn patient to lie sLill Keep him well covered Very carefully bandage thighs, knees, legs, ankles and feet together ... \Vith great care slowly and evenly roll him on his back Ask chemist if his teh'phone may be used (yes) 'Phone for doctor (Exchange informs you that all doctors are bu y at hospital owing to a bad colliery accident, but one " ,ill come as soon as possible) ... 'Phone for ambulance (will arrive in 7 minutes at the end of Arcade) ]s stretcher available (not until ambulance arrives) Ask shopkeeper if you may use shutter from pile in shop (yes) Test shutter Lay blanket folded carefully on shutter A k shopkeeper for two shutter poles Carefully pass broad bandages, using natural hollows of body under head, shoulder-blades, buttocks, thigh and calves Tie free ends to poles Call man from thief or bystander to assist Load patient on to shutter j method of loading \Vell cover patient. .. Secure patient by bandages or belts to shutler TRANSPORT. Vcry carefully carry patient to end of Arcade to waiting ambulance-- marching out of step, knees bent Keeping foot of shutter slightly raised Remove stretcher from am bulance Place shutter and patient on stretcher Protect patient from inclement weather Load into ambulance Examine thief and elicit by questions to Judge that he is coming round; tell him to lie still; keep him covered Carefully observe No. S's pulse frolll time Lo time (no change) Repeated watch on patient's general condition (no change) 'vVatch dressings on wounds for hcemorrhage (very liLtle) Slightly raise lower end of shutter in ambulance

2 2 2 2

2 2

-+ 3

5 6 2

2 2 2

3 2 2

5 2 2 6

3 2

g 2 1

3 J 6 -+

3 2 2

AID.

March , 19.34.

nd stretcher for thief 2 Load tretcher, keep patient CO\'cr d, secure je •..vellery b Transport and load into ambulance, proLecting' patient frol1l inclement weather ... I:) Judge (as soon as ambulance i~ loaded) : Doctor ha::. arrived. Diagnosi - Shock, probably bullet wound right kidney and internal hn:morrhage, and compound fracture of spine of Other patient, recover d from concussion, kept recumbent till doctor gives permission otherwise ... 3 Doctor tells them to accompany patient to hospital and say he will follow in his car. General efficiency 15 Total 24l The test~ for the individual part of the cOlllpetitioll were: No.1 is proceeding along- a quiet ide treet on a lill L' summer afternoon, when he ees a delivery Lri-car top outside a hop. The dri\'er lifts oUl of the carrier a box markec, uddenly with a cry ot ,. Live snake~- handle with care." pain he drops the box, gra ' ps hi ' left hand, collapse~ on to'thL pavement and quickly faint. On examination it i foum, that a nail projecting from th box has pierced a linger an d the patient has fainted from fright. Thehopkeep r het some first aid material, and there i a chemiL' "hop:)( yards away. First aid to be render d in K l11inute~. No . 2 and -+ ha\'e jusl come off duty and \\'hen 'lhoLl 100 yards frol11 their station (where lir t aid appliance~ arL kept) see an elderly workmen fall off a fir t-tloor windo\\ ledge. In attempting to save him elf he pu he . hb riglh hand through a window. The weather is cold and drizzling . On examination he is found to be ~ur~ ring frol11 arterial hcernorrhage from the right \vrist, a burst varico!> . \' in, allLl simple fracture of the right leg. Fir 'l aid to be rendered in 8 minute. No. J is required to state in full detail in five minuLe" how he \\'ould prepare for the reception of an <lccid nt cmL No.5 is watching some roller skater, \\'hen he ~ee~ , young man lose hi balance and fall hea\'ily on to hi buttocks. He tries to rise, but remains seated, lookin !-, round in a dazed lTIt'lnner. The rink attendant (who know nothing of first aid but is allowed to assist) i abouL to li f him on to his feet. First aid appliances are available. 01 examination the patienL is found to have su tain d a fral tured right patella and concussion. Fir t aid La be render d in 8 minutes. JUDGhS' RJ.:l'OW1S. Com petitor!:> and spectator~ should al \\ <1) S remem bl.. t hat the marking ~heet for any competition is for the Judge' ,., guidance. He is the only person who can say for sun whether a team or individual has done well. For thi s reason we have pleasure in publishing- the comments an c.1 criticisms of the lWo doctors who ofllciated as judges ill thi s competition. TEAM TEST. - G. D. E. Tullis, 1\1. B., of Hereford. On looking back on the Final of the Police Nation al First Aid Competition this year, my main impressions arc twofold (a) an exceedingly well staged scene, and (b) a ver/ excellent standard of ambulance work evinced by all th L learns. For the formel I offer my sincere thanks to the Film Studio experts and to all who helped to make the inc ident" live." For the second we have to congratulate th e members of the teams and their coaches for skilled and untiring preliminary training. The marking sheet will explain in detail what to Ill ) mind should have been done, and all the teams will, 1 alll sure with pride, see that their mistakes were for the most part nol grave. The thief was in most cases well dealt with in the first

March , 19.34 .

F IRS T

in "UlIlce, hath in disarming and rendering inoffensive should hl' recover his senses. Very few, however, looked for further II'UlpOnS un him. From a first aid point of view, he was not qui ll: so well treated. I noticed that not many looked for all J rellloved his false teeth; his head, too, ",.. as not as a ru le kept low, and 1 re~r t very much to have to remark th.l t more than onc team, when he had recovered conSli )u!>n ,allowed hilll to get up and even walk to the: \\ i tin~ alllbulanc ! Thi!:> was not good, and the teams \\ II agr c with me that a patient who ha had a bk)w on th. h ad and uecollle U7lCOIlSet"OIlS, l'7.'ell /01' {( s/zorll/lIle, should 11 & reSUIIIl' pll)ls/cal l7c1t"7r //)' 7(1l'ti101l1 tile (o7lseul of a doctor, (1 1m italics are \",hat the Textbook say ' more or less.) ow let u have a look at thc unfortunate No.5, and h., s orr to thelll all for acting their part so well. For thc 1111 ~ t part the baring' of the wound \\'a not thorough ('I lugh, Illany compctitor thinking it only nece !:>ary to 'I \\' the shirl. The diagnosi of the fractured spine \\'a II I .r1) 100 per ccnL, but many forgot the po_sibility of an e. it \\' und, which is g- nerall) larger than an entrance \\ 0 Ind ; and in this ca c thl.: bull t \\'a ' tl) be found in the clothing, onl) ju~t hm'ing enough pL)wer to tnl.\·erse the ~ pill c and rome through the .,kin. The proper precaution!> ill treating til 'woulld \\'cr ' on th whole \er) well carri ed ouL. I \\'a c ... pl.:l..·ially plea ed with the very able way ill which ncarl) all the team ... lilLed thl! patient with the I(,l tured ~pilll' . \\'e htl\ , heard a lot abl)ut fractured pines all.! their tr 'atlllellt h) lir t aidcr~ lat I) in the III dical pr ~ :-., but I def) anyolle tll ha\' de\·i.,ed a III thod of lifLing th, man more .. ki!full, or carefulh than was dune h\' some of t he team at this cOl1lpltition. . , 1 hmc only l1l1e further critici ' m to mal.a.', and that i , th t in a tc ·to \\'elltaged a ... this, I a\ ing 0 little to the illl 19 ination, how urprising it was to find the patient being PI' Heeted from " rain" in an ,\rcade, and Iwt beim4' 0 prote ted when he \\'as being- taken from the covered .\rcade a l ) ~S the p<l\ I'lllcnt which \\',1 expo~ed to the \\ ather! :'\fay 1 ju L repeat what laid after th pre entation of Cl\ l id", thatthl.: improvement in the \\ork of the Police k. l '] s ::.ince 1 judged them in the Finalol11c live y ar::. ago i!') \' ry marked and 1110 l crediLable to all concerned. l 'I I\'Il)l'.\L TEST. Capl. .\. ',White [,nos, ~1. ., :\l.B 1twill bl.! Ill)[iccd that the mark!:> gained ill the Individual T ts are lo\\'. Thi!:> may be e'\.plaincd by the fact that there \\ lre, in twoof the te t ,le1{itimatecatche::. \\'hi ' happarently up d ome of thl.: competitor. It i ~till abundantly e\ ic.1ent that tho::. competitors who unde rLake the work Lluietly will complete it, while' those who da::.h about are alma t certain to miss points. There is all '1 1e time in big cOlllpetition of this lype to do lhings yll ·tl) and methodically. There is still an amazing amount of talk and work ti u Ie which gains no marks but which the judge cannot \ e , \\I~1l slop. On a count of the pitfalls pre enL, I tried Ill . utmost in one or two cases to stop a competitor from ca rying on with unnecessary \.\'ork, but Lhey apparently co sidel-ed I was joking-. I hope competiLors will realise tb , this is sorllething I do not indulge in in competition \\'l-. k, and will avail themselves of the lead gi\'en them. This was esp cially noticeable in the " snakes test for No 1 ; this was universally badly done . The nail catch is an . old trick which experienced competitor should very qU Il' kly have jumped to, and the distant chemist and near at hand I'eptile dealer wilh his upply of first aid material sh l-H ld quickly have been sorted out. I believe no one made USL of this first aid material and very fcw made intelligcnt Usc of the repti le dea ler. In the No.2 and 4 lest the great diniculty eemed to be to h ~1ish it in the time. The three injuries were perfectly sLra.lghtforward, and the whole point of the test was to realise the necessity for temporising and getting the patient II

235

At b .

to shelter, considering the weather and the danger of shock before proceeding- with the detail treatment. Here again I tried in vain to help competitors by advice about the weather, etc., but to Illy sorrow I was in J11o!>t case!> completely ignored. Competitors must realise that their marking sheets rellected this. There were arguments in regard to improvised material used, but competitors Illay rest assured that mark::. were g-i\'en only for such as were legitimately used. No.5 test was a simple fractured pateJla and was fairly well done, but it is really surprising in advanced first aiders that many ot them left the limb on the floor, and at least one applied the bandage round the fragments upsiJe down. This is elementary first aid and ran only be excused by an acute attack of nerves. It is sometimes sug1{ested that the Judge fails Lo see certain points which the compeLitor thinks he is entitled to. The only point to which a judge tries to turn a blind eye are those which arise from an attack such as I ha\'e mentioned. This criticism may appear to be severe, but I have purposely refrained from the praise of many points, which leads nowhere, bUl conllned my remarks to the things to which werc badly done.

- --

. _ .----

J\mbulance j'l ews euttings from the ~ess. The Editor inviles Readers to send newspaper cuttings on matler of general interest for inclusion in this column.

CRl.:5I1ED TO DEATlI BY CROWD. Caught in a sudden rush of the crowd at the Cup-tie between Shel11eld \\Tedne day and Manchester City at Hillsborough, heffield, an unemployed man (aet 56) was crushed to death against ome railings. He had been out of work for a number of years; and as a special treat a friend paid hi fare for him to visit the match.-Daz'b kelcIL.

l\1.-\.N SW1;\IS \VITII BROKE1\' LEG.

Cecil Stokes, a dock-worker (aet 29) was a~!>istillg ill berthing a ship in dock at Southampton. He fell and struck a concrete platform, trom which he ricochetted on to another platform ten feet belo\\'. From thal h omersaulted into Lwel\'e feet of icy \Vater. He swam to the edge and was rescued. Only lhen was it disco\'ered that he had fractured his lefL leg so severely that an inch and a half of bone was protruding frol11 it. He is now in ho pital, where an operation has been performed.-Dai(y Express.

I\lAIL VA t .\5 A;\lI3l.:L.\NCE. The prompt action of a Clacton-on-Sea po 'tal worker sa\'cd the lives of two children who were suffering- frol11 gaspoisoning. Mr. E. J. Clark was at work when someone ran into the post-onlce to tel phone the hospital that Daphne, aged 3, and Roy, aged 18 months, had been found by their mother, 1\lr. Davis, of Elm-grove Clacton, lying on the Hoor with the gas-tap turned on. " I was in the office doing my duties," said lr. Clark, " when Sl)meOne rushed in to telephone to the hospital. I dropped eyerything and got out a mail-van. I drove to the house and got the childr n to hospital within three minutes." After attention at the hospital, the children reco\'ered and were able to go home. Mrs. Davis had been out shopping and the children had been a lone.-Star.

236

F It R S T

Our Crossword Puzzle.

A I D.

March, 19.34. LA T

l\10NTI-I'S

SOLUTJ

FIR S T

March, 1954.

CO)'lPETITIOX ..-During the month of February, the Div isional Competitions, the first rOllnd of the annual scrie of first aid contests, have been carried out in each of t he seventeen ambulance divisions, and the names of th \\ inning teams in both a<h'ancecl and beginners' cl scs are givc below : J ivisioll.

Across.

9 12 13 14 15 17 18 20 21 2-+ 25 2, 31 32 .., .., J ,)

35 36 37 38 39

\Vhen no appliances to hand. Ancient (Rev.). Eggs . Fourth principle of first aid. Prohibit. All blood is this colour. A weight. Unite by melting. I nitials of fi ve poisons. Precious stones. One drop. Initials of three arteries Ianage with care. 1embrane surrounding the pupils. A joint beheaded. - voyage. Small draught of liquid Spirit. To entreat. :\ unit. Initials of three hones. Carry away

Down. 1

2 ')

-+ 5 6 7 11 16 17 19 20 22 23 24 26 27 29 30 33 3-+

Artery (Internal and Externa!). A mushroom. Deprive. Egg-shaprd. A vehicle. Fluid portion of the blood. Organs of vision. Facts. Paradise. Arms, legs, etc. Strongest bone in the body Taste. A trap Aid. There are twelve pairs. One who purifies. A shivering- fit. Volcano. Confused retreat. Useful articles. Male. Vim.

Readers are invited to forward their solutions of the above, and to the sender of the first correct solution opened, a copy of Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher's book" The History Of the St. ] ohn Ambulance Association" will be forwarded. Other bouk prizes will be presented to the next three opened. All entries must reach us by April 7th, addressed" Cros"word," FIRST AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4.

Lincoln and District Ambulance Society. TI!IS Society reports that continuou progres ha been maintained. ~lembers have carried out the u ual fir t a id duties, and on the occasion of the recent hunger-ma rc 11 members of the Society met a contingent of marchers at Saxilly, a village some six miles outside Lincoln. Th ere attention was given where necessary, and the march us accompanied to Lincoln. Over 115 cases were attended. A church parade, at which over 50 uniform membc's attended, was held on March -+th at the South Bar Cong gational Church. The service \"as conducted by the R c . E. CushilCg, Hon. Chaplain to the Society, whilst lr. A. ~ . Stevenson, Chairman of the Society, read the lessons. Among the more recent social e\'ents, a concert was IHld on March 4th. The band of the 4th Battn. Lincolnsh re Regiment gave selections, and a number of local artis tes gave their services. Dr.] ohn P. Logan, Vide-President of the Society, acted as chairman. Recently a " Building Fund" has been started, and it is hoped, in the near future, to secure a new and mod ern ambulance station.

,1dvl11Lccd

Dr. J. V. Lucas was presented with his warrent of appointment as Division Surgeon of the Totterdown D i\·isian, S .].A. B., by Supt ]. T. Smith. Dr. Lucas's fat her had been divisional surgeon since the format ion of the di vision in 1906.

Beginners

L ondon A. L ondon B. ' windon

'outh Lambeth \\·c t Ealing ).Iorris o\\'ley Bourne End '\\ Illdon . \\ indon ( Tutbeem) (Smith) Dri tal A. Raclstock \Ve lot1 - s-~Iare YeO\,il B ri tol 13. \ VcymOtl th E xetcr Paignton P lymouth Li keard Pcnlance • . cwport A. Rogerstone . \hcrcarn . . . cWJ)ort D. Pontypool Road Pontllanfraith Ca rdiff Ea rr\" Loco. Taf£ \Vell \\'an ca Fihguard Llanclly C lo ucc ter heltc.nham Glol1ceter \ -o rce t r \\'orce ter Loco. Klddl nnin leI' Di rmingham :'tafiord Road Leamin 'Tton \Vorks .hester Hereford A. Hcreford B. entral \\'alcs Traw coed Builth \Vells "> . \Vales Docks J1arry Docks ~\\ anca Dock The competition ha~ crOll ed con,>ldcrable intere ·t and have been \\ell orgal11cd and carried out. Much 11 1 ( ll uity \\a di,:>pla)cd by the judge In preparinrr the VdrI OUS te t , and al 0 hy the competitor: \\ ho \n~ re called up 11 to deal \\ lth them. The te t ca l'S included pOl oning fro m c o al~as and from laudanum, aml110nia burn, injllr 'L recei, ed in an aeroplane crah, a the rc ult of the bn' l king of an electric cahl c, hy horse kick, and in motor an(; C) ele accident, a. factory cxplo 1011, etc. to say noth ing of an a ortm Ilt of ca ' ualities re ulting from d( k and railway accident, and minor inj urie in the Pi rt' field. An interesting fcature of thc 193-1- conte ts ha been th entry of a tcam of W0111en employees, and it is hoped th at other ladi 'teams will he forthcoming next year. The winning teams from each Di\'i ' ion will compete ill thl semi-final (eliminating) rounel, which is being held, fo convenience, partly in London, Bristol, ewport and Hi mingham, this month, and which will select the eio'ht te, 'n s to meet in the Final competition. The judges for th Semi-Final contest are Dr. 1. H. l\IacLean of St. :\L ry's Hospital, Paddington (team work) and Dr. \V. H. Craw ford of outhall (individual \\'ork). T ,\UNToN.-Thcrc

During 1933 members of the Oxford Corps of the S.]. A. B., treated 1,253 cases, whilst the am bulance had travelled 7,000 miles and carried 400 patients. Membership at the present time is 159.

257

Ratlway Ambulance News. Great Western.

The entrie for last month's competition were indecJ gratifying and proves that this innovation meets \\'ith tl e approval of the readers. The fir t all-correct soluti o 1 opened was from: A. H. Foot, 93, Ie sina-avenue, \Ve t Hampstea ' London, N. 'vV.6, to whom a copy of Dr. T. Corbet Fl tche r" book" The History of the t.] ohn Ambulance.r\ sociation " will be forwarded. The next three solutions opened were from :Iiss 1. l\Iulhall, -+1, Clovelly-road, Southampto l J. [\1. Potts, "Oak View," Brettell-lane, Stourbridge ; :'IIr . A. Hext, Hay tor Vale, Ne\\'ton Abbot, Devon. Each \\ I receive a copy of "Accidents and Emergencie " by A. r . Gooding, kindly presented by the author.

A I D.

was

full

attendance

the

Ta 111ton G.W.R. Social Hall on February 21 t, when

~I r. R. W. Higgins, Div. upt., distributcd examination and other awards o'ained by the Taunton Ambulance Class. The gathering took the form of a concert and dance, and Mr. H. A. Alexander, Div. Engineer, who was accompanied by Mrs. Alexander, presided. . ~1r. Higgins referred to the recent Divisional ComP~tJt lOns, which he said, engendered a healthy spirit of Tlvalry, and it was to the good that the trophies should Ch a~lg e hands from time to time. He hoped to see more begl.nners' teams in the Divisional contests next year. R es Id~s examination awards a number of gold efficiency

medals and bars were presentcd, and the Ycllum Yote of Thanks of the Order of St. John, a much coveted distinction, was handed to Mr. 1\1. E. Jeans, of Marlock. The Taunton G.\V.R. Social and Educational Union ~Iixed Choir contributed the enjoyable programme. BUTE DOCKS) CARDIFF.-The Ambulance Class held its annual dinner and presentation of awards at the Park Hotel, Cardiff, on February 24th, when Mr. B. Carpenter, Dock Manager, presided over a large and enthusiastic company, including 11r. 1\1. C. Harrison, Div. Docks Engincer, 11r. V. . J oliffe, Div. Electrical Engineer, and other local officers of the company and class officers, and their \\ives. 11r. Carpenter thanked the members for the interest thcy had taken in ambulance work, and said the increase in the number of successful candidates oyer last session "as most gratifying . The awards, nearly 60 in all, were presented by ilIiss C. A. Ault, Ambulance Centre Secretary, and included the Company's gold medal for fifteen years' efficiency to 11r. T. Guy. The" tephens" Challenge Cup, competed for by ambulance men employed in the yarious department at Cardiff Docks, ,vas presented to the Docks Traffic Dcpartment team. Following the dinner and presentations, an enjoyable ciance and entertainment had been arranged, and this innoyation was much appreciated by the members and thei r guest . \VoLvERHA:iYfPToN.-At the annual concert held at the Mitre Hotel, on February 9th, when 11r. VV. D. Florence presided, 1r. H. S. B. \rVhitley, Div. Engineer, presented examination awards to members of the \Volverhampton Ambulance Class, and referred to the fine service rendered by ambulance workers. He urged all members of the staff to associate themselves with the movement. Particular rderence was made to the honour conferred by the Order of St. John upon 1\1r. George Hopkins in electing h~m a erYi!lg .Brother .of the Order in recognition of hIS long mentorIous serVIces to the movement. No fe\ycr than 85 awards were distributed, representing 100 per cent. successful members. SHIFNAL.-The Star Hotel, Shifnal, \Va the scene of the annual presentation of awards to members of the Shifnal ambulance class on February 20th, when 1\1r. orman Jones} tation Master, presided. The awards were distributed by Lieut.-Col. the Hon. \rVeld-Forester, who also presented 1\1r. J. H. Abrahams, on behalf of the students, with an eight-day clock to mark his 30 years' efficiency in first aid work. Colonel Forester congrat~lated Mr. Abrahams on his achievement, and particularly on his services as Class Instructor. COR:VEN:-Thc ambulance class held it presentation of exam1l1atlOn. awards at the station on February 16th, under the preslden~y ~f Mr. Godfrey Robert of Lly Alwen, who spoke 10 hIgh terms of the efficiency of the mel!lber. 11.r. A. C. \Veaver, who has recently taken up dutle ~s tatlOn master af Corwen, pre en ted the award, \\:h1ch mcluded the Company's 20 year gold hal' for effi~Iency. Dr. D. ~. Edwards, lecturer, was made the recipIent of a fountal11 pen, on behalf of the cIa s members in appreciation of his service. '

FIRST l-Icmbcrs of thc Grcat 'We ' tern Railway Ambulancc will bc oT icycd to learn of the rccent death 01 Mr. C. H. Oycrbury, onc of the olde t and most ardcnt ambulance worker, following a long illne . Mr. Overhury, who r etired from activc eryicc on the railway in October. 1932, retaincd the Diyi ional Ambulance ecrctary hip for the Birmino'ham ( o. 12) Diyi ion which he had held incc 192 . In earlier day 11r. Oycrbury had been a succe ful competitor both in the G.\lV.R. competilions and also in international contest. H e had a long- and meritorious carcer ill the t. J oh11 Ambulance Brigade. He was one of the fir ' t member ' of the G.\V.R. staff to be admitted to the Order of St. Joh11 a a re ult of recommendation made by the Central Ambulance Committee in 1913, and \\'a ' la t year promoted to the °Tade of Officer of the Order. ~Ir. Oyerbury wa onc of the prominent members of the ,taff inyited to attend Hi ~Iaj e ty' Garden Party in 192-+. Hi los "w ill be ke cnly felt by hi fellow ecretarie ', and hy all \\'h o were associated with him in the Birmingham Diyi ion. ~Im cmcnt

- - - ._ . - - -

London, Midland and Scottish. BIR~ll~('H . \~I.-T\\'enty-fiYc teams) 10 for Diyi ion 2 and 15 for Diyision 3) cntered the o. 8 Di ·tric·t Ambulance Competition h eld at Birmingham during February. The judges wer e: Division 2) Dr. Clyde McKenzies (stretcher) and Dr. \V. lIurdoch (indiyidual). Division 3, Dr. J. E. \lVells (stretcher) and Dr. ]. Jenkins Robb (indiyidual). Mr. J. B. Scattergood) District Goods lIanager, presided at the second annual dinner, which followed the conte ts, and was supoprted by Messrs. J. F. Brook; T. Tandy; VV. B. Shelton; F. W. Seal; A. G. Aggleton, J. Harrison; J. Vi. Peace; F. O. Moore; W. W. Hall; A. E. Wooldridge; A. C. Adcock; G. S. Hill and members of the County Staff of the S.J.A.B. The Shields and prizes were presented by Mr. C. R. Byron. The first th ree places in each Division being- : Division 2, 1) Vauxhall C. & W.; 2) Saltley Engineers No.1; 3, Aston Traffics. Division 3) 1, Redditch " A J'; 2, D.G.~I.O. Claims; 3) Saltley Loco. No.2. Dr. Robb, commenting on the work of the competitors said the excell ence of the younger members of the team had impres ed him forcibly. Dr. ~'Iurd och agreed with Dr. Robb that the younger men had paid more attention to their books than the older men. The Chairman) giv ing the toast of "The Central Ambulance Council," said there was no social service \\'hich had g i\'en so much of its own time as had the ambulance. He thought they could record continued progress. l-1r. P. J. Chilcott) on behalf of the members of the e\v Street Station Ambulance staff officially handed o\'er a Shield which had been subscribed by them to perpetuate the memory of their late Honorary Ambulancc ecretary, Corps Officer E. B edford. The gathering stood in silence for a moment in tribute to Mr. Bedford's memory. 1\1r. C. R. Byrom (Chief Operating Manager) having distributed the prizes, responded to the toast of the Ambulance Council. Hc said that to appcal to all those present to bclong to the ambulance movement was like preaching to the converted) but he wished his hearers would do the preaching outside. Excellent work had been done by their Secretary, 1\11'. J. E. Matthews, and he was to be heartily congratulated. T

A I D.

iarch , 1934.

FIRST

March , 1934.

Col. B. J. T. Ford (Assl. COlllmissioner .J .A.B ), re-ponding' to the toa ' t of "The Vi ' itors" (proposed by fIlr. J. F. Brook) de 'cribed those in the ambulancc l11()\ clllcnt as forming' a community withill ,,1 cOllltllunity; th l~ formcd within thcmseh'cs a grcat family of sel"\'icesen'ing- their fellow countrymcn. B\,;R1\LEY.-Thc competition ' ill the 19£ District \\ ere hcld on \Vcdllesday and Thur 'day, Fchrllclr) 21 ,t all 'l 22ml, at the headquarter of the Burnley S.] .A.A. J uclge in the enior c\"ent \\ ere Dr. ]. D. Aitk en (team), Dr. F . 'yke · (imli\'icll1a1). Dr. J. S. Cooper (\'0\ () yoce). Thi ' scction \\'et . held on the \Vl'dneday \\ hCll til ' .i\Iayor of Burnley (Collncillor L. Rippon) altcmlcd <l l'd pre cnted the trophic. The Shield pre ented hy .i\lr. \V. Dean , of Burl1l u, wa ' won by the Accriw)'toll tcam with 373 points a"'ail,·t a po ible total of 435. ~~Ir. II. Eccle , a member tIl'. team, \\'on thc indi\'iclual prize with a total of -+8 poi n t out of 50. The other teams came in the fo llowing orde r: Accrin).?,'ton ' heel ' taff, 3-+9;l; Burnley 1 T(). 1) 32-H; T()(:morden, 303~; ChatburJl No. 1, 300~; Creat lIar\\'()( ,d, 293; Blackhurn Engineer , 291~; Ilc1li(idd ~(). I, 276 ; C()111l~ 1'\0. 1. 275L Ro 'c,t!.ro \'e 2:4. On the Thursday tCll team ' c()mpeted ill the lJi\,. 2 of the district. Thc judge \\ ere Dr. E. R. B. J\1llrt'.l\. (team), Dr. F. ~Iullall (indi\'idual) <tllti Dr. C. B. ~lesseng-er (\"iva ,"oe e). Out of cl total of 320 poible point, thl nl11ll 1 'r awarded the competing teams was as [0110\\..,: Burn! ') o. 2, 273; Accring-to n Traffic, 212~; Blackburn C;OI)<.', 270i; Hellifield No.2, 270; Port smo uth, 266; ccring t'll Loco, 260; Colnc Io. 2, 258~: Blackburn Traffic, 2-+ .: ha tburn o. 2, 239; RosegTon No.2, 201. The winner for the be t indi\"idual per formancl: \\ cO" G. Hitchcock, Colne . . o. 2, \'\'ho wa ' a\\ arclecl -+0 poi nt, the highest pO ' 'ible. Mr. J. 1 . Pick, Di trict Engineer, Blackburn, ]>1"lented the prize.

KETTERING.-The Division I. competltlOl1 o[ the.: . . I . was h eld 011 Fcbruary 8th the j uclges being J r. R. A. Impson (team) and Dr. Symons (individual). T il winning teams were Wig-slon 1\Ia CT nCl, Pet e rboro' Tra flic and Peterboro' C. & VV. Ten leam compcted. 1\Ir. Joyce, Secretary-Manager of th Keltnill .!!. 111dustrial Co-operatiye Society, a si tcd by l\Iis~ Jo) IT, pre entecl thc prizcs at the conclusion of the tests. 1\Ir. \Vil es, District Controller, presided and oIIerul c~ngratLllations to upt. A. Lee Kettering, Dr. C. C. J1. Bll1l1S and Mr. C. J. Astbury on beillO"' admitted a 'er\' il1~ Brother of the Order of Sl. Joh11. During the morning of lhe competition, 1\11'. Ii. (;. Andrew, captain of the Wig ton Magna team) slippcd ill the waiting. room and dislocated a cartilage in his kn lt'. The comq)etltion judges ga\'e him immediatc attention, a ld the patient was rushed to hospilal, where, under 1 11 anaesthetic th e cartilage was manipulated in position, Fi Fteen minutes later he rcturned to the competition) j l1~t as his team was entering the test room. Although in ~Teat pain he took llis place with his 111e11 and led th em to victory. Wcll done, Andrcws 1 T

--I- Distri~t

London and North Eastern. SOUTIIERN AREA, G. N. SECTION. ] hc 0 , 1 (London) Division of the G.N. Section Ambulance Competition [or the silver bowl presented by Mr. F. Liddell Steele (ex-Presidcnt of the G.N. Section

(lnt rc) was h Id aL 1.111'0 s Hall) King's Cross, on Wed III sday, I\larch 7lh. Four teams. cOI~petcd and w~rc judged by Doctor J. Stanley DaVies wlth the. f~1l0w111g l'l suIt: I, King' ross Goods, 193 mark ; 2, K1l1g s Cross (11 t rict, 160 marks; 3, Loco' Dept. "A" 159 n:-ark; 4, L( C()' I)cpt. " l~ " 136 mark:. This makt:s the SIxth ~tC CL "" in' ) car that a team from King's Cro!:>s Goods ~ tatlOn. h s \\on the trophy. The winning team, compn cd ot \ "~rs. IT. S. names, IT. F. Smith, C. Packe, . C. j a rmer (Captain) and R. \\'. Ocathorp, now nters th e lina l competition ior the hallenge Cup prescn~ed. by the () ' eers of thc late Creat l\'ortllcrn Railway. fhls team and the second tl'am were trained hy ;'Ir. JT. H. Dye, : II PI. oj 1\(). W7 ('lTork-road, L.:\.E.R.) Diyision •. J.A.B . ~nd oj \\ hich all thl' men in lloth teams arc 111el:1))(: rs. A III 011 "'sl those \\ hn \\'itlll'..,sed the competItIon were ~Tr . I;. \\ ';7rrllllr (J)lstl'lCt .'upt. King'!:> 1"Os)~ 1\[r.). F. . parke (!)istricl Loco' _ upL), ~~r. C. R()hlll~l , ((_J()o<!s , . ,:·<. l1t, KIIl~.(!:> em..,..,), CaptaIn ~\. ~J()()dlc~, ~I.(', (l~ntrl' .'c rl'lan (~.c. ~cctl()Il), .:\rr. I... (,r ec ll, _ ('crctar)", ~o. 2 ( lLt l'rl)(;ro') <11 trIcl and .:\rr. T. _ mith l 'entre :ccrdar)", ( \ .. ection). . . .\t Cl m eet ing' which follo\\ c.d the competItiOn, the ch;lIr \\ as taken 'h\' -:"f r. T .. 111ith. ",ho. a iter cong:ratuI. ti ll~" th ' \\ illnin[( tealll and speakIng" \\ orcls of U1conrageIl1(, l1t to the 10 ' crs, called Oil ~I r" ~pClrke lo propo e ,1 \' ,t l.' oi thank" to Dnctor D(\\ IC , \\ hich was heartily re',nn dl'd tn. Doctor D,n II. s t h ('n ga \ l' hIS CrltlCI Sill and ~ l11l llll'nh on the work of the rl' . pl'ctln' team ', and -:\lr: Votes 01 mi th prlscntl'd thc ho\\'I tn tht: ",inners. t11a nho.; ,,"ere al..,o accorded to the Chairman, to those whQ h~,d a..,sisted as patients, dc., and to )'rr. II. \V. ~Iar\'ey, I AJ lldnn ])1\ i..,ional ~ecrl'lary, who \\ as re<;pon s lhlc for .lrra ll~ill~ t hl' com pet It i01l.

The . ' (). :2 (Pl tl. rhoro1lgh District ompetition for hl i)istrict ( flicu..,' ~hll'ld was held at Liverpool __treet. :\1:trch 2nd. . 'Inc tla1l1S COllljletul, the Judge: heing' L'. \\ hltl KilO, (tlam) and ])r. \\' . l\Iailel: (indi\· idllal). The arrangellll'nts \\ere In the hands 01 ~rr. \\'. I·:. en'ell, lllc 1)Ic.,trict .' l'crdar). .'\t thl' cOllclusinn of the te. ts, ~Ir. Creell announced III rL's ult", \\ hlch ..,ho\\l'd \\'el \\')'n Cardl'n Cily nr . l (for tnL' third timl' in SIlCCL' Ssioll). \\ith 236~ marks, iollo\\"cd hy TTitchin 2nd, 20-+; and Hatfield ;";0. 1. 3rt!, 19n. ':\fr. T. , mith, ~ ccretar) (~.?\. :cctioll, presc nted the 111lld to th willnine,- team and cOllgratulated all compet itor" on their excellent \york. ITe hllped thc)' \\'ould (() all in their jlO\\'L'r to . pr ad th e \\'ork oj firs t aid mell 11l0ng their fclio\\' m en. Both the judgcs added their quola or prai se to thc (':t illS and C01l1mentcd on the \\'ork donC'. It i" worth recording that the \Vc!wyn Carden City tea m lost onl) n\'c marks, oul of 130, ill the team (cst.

Il!'

(a pt. .\ .

NORTH-EASTERN AREA.

IT oNoLlRs.-At an Tnvc5tilure helel at Sl. John's Gate, london, recently, r-.rr. T. B. Hare, District Supt., Darling-O il, and r-.rr. J. Burrows, Engineers' Dept.. Tyne Dock, we re cluly enroll cd a , . e rvin g- Brother. of the Order of Sl. John of ] erllsa lel11. GOLD MIW.\L. ,\ 0 B.\Rs.-Thc fo llowin g- Golc! Medals (' nel Bars havc been presenled during' the month of Ma rch: Leeds: Mr. Li ler, 25 year bar. Hull: Gold medal to Mr. W. E. James; 20 years bar to Mes. rs. H. Anderson, G. T. Drury, R. vVhilcwood, H. IT ealcy and .I. W. Levitt. 30 years har to 1\[r. T. Lamb. York: Gold llt'da ls to Messrs. \lIl. OOI-:SOI1, A. TyrL'man, F. C. tead and \V. LI. Reynolds, ewca tie; 25 >'ea r s bar to M1'. J. Wh illis ,

239

A I D.

District Competitions have now taken place. in all the ix districts of the N.E. Area and the followl11g teams will compete for the" Wharton Shield" at Gateshead) on :\1arch 24th. ~Iiddleshrough No.2, Lceds Policc, Dairycoates, No. 2, York Police) Tyne Dock and Darlin .~lon Yard ~la~ters. Altogethcr fi fly teame; compcted 111 the prelImInary round. The first amhulance competItIon for lhe George Jackson ~rcmorial Cup was 11eld at thc Cath()lic H~l1, Seaham Harbour. E leYc!l teams competed, The WJl1!ling: team was Tyne Dock, with 190 poin~s out of a pose;ible 2-+0. Tn addition Lo the trophy, a stiver medal was presented to each mcmher 0 i the team. eaham Harbour Wl'1'C runncrs up with 1R-+ points, and. werc aV,lar?eU hronze medals; Catc head, with 180 pOInts, were third. Dr. T. D. ::.rillcr of , underland, and Dr. \V. Yeates of . . orth _ hic1ds, were the judge ' . Beforc the contest the cup was handed to Dr. J. E. ~Il1lhol1and, chairman of the committee of the competition, hy 111'. L. Balian, District Supt. of the L. .E.R., on behal f of him elf and -;\Ir. J. Petrie, manager of the Northern General Transport Co., the t\\'o donors of the trophy. ~rr. \V. Richard 011, ccretary of the Seaham Harbour, L.~.E.R amhulance class) made the arrangemcnt. .

Metropolitan. Th e annual com p tition of the letrorolitan Line Ambulance Centrc, was hcld at ~easclon on Saturday, ~rarch 10th. Four teams competed for the hielcl pre ented by t~e Officers and Directors) the j uclges being Capt. A. C. \Vhl te Knox (team) and Capt. F. E. Bendix (indiyidual). In the tcam te t compelitor had a case of a barman \'\ ho fell hcayih' to the ground and u tained a simple fracture of left -leg, simple fracture right c1avicl~) ~rl;lised right leg and a wound on right hand. In the 1l1dlVldual te ' t, competitor had to de crihe the femoral artery, how digital pres tlrc would he applied and maint.ained 011 pre ur point 10 and "w hen this pre, ure P01l1t would he used. ,ome excellent work was witne ed anel at the presentation meeting, 1r. Hally, Chairman of the Centrc, announccd the results a follow : I, o. 2 team; 2, lTo . -+ t am; 3, o. 1 team; -+, No.3 tcam. Indi\'ic1ual: 1, 1\11'. \Valdock; 2, 1\1r. toke; 3, :-'11'. Edward. The winning team con istecl of 1\Ie srs. \IV. Edward ., A. , tokcs, T. \I\farelen, H. King (captain) and . vVeekes. 1\11' -. \\' ebh kindly presented the shield and individual prizes and also sen'ice mcdal and bar as follow : 1.5 \'ear Gold l-Iedal, :-'Ies r . H. Pitcher and F. 1Iil1er; 2~ ~' ears lold Ba 1', 1\11'. E. Barker; 30 years Gold Bar) Mr. (~eorg' e Lloyd. 11r. Hally calleel on Capl. A. C. \Vhit e Knox to give critici 111 of work donc and the doctor, in his reply, tated that the \",ork had bccn 0 [ a high standard. Tl1e procecding te rminated "w ith a vote of thank to all helpcr . II'. Gravc tock, thc Centre Secretary, as isteel hy his Officcrs, was rcspon ihle for the arrangements.

The first annual dance of the new Hull Docks Division, The County Commissioner, Mr. F. B. Atkinson, and other Count .' OAlcers were present, S. J. A. B., was held at headquarters on February 8th.

240

FIR S T

A I D.

Our Nurses' Pages. -COMPILED

AMBULANCE 3'

1\ o. 1 DISTRICT. CENTRAL AREA. - The eliminating competition to decide which Di\'ision shall repre ent the Area in the District competition for the lountgarret Cup for bedmakinO" was held on Friday, larch 9th, Lady District Officer °1\lrs. lcFadden kindly acting as ] udge for the bedmakinO" while Lady District Officer i\liss \ft.lalker awarded marks f~; correctness and smartness of uniform. Nine teams entered, the winners being Ci\·il Service Nursing Di\'ision with 61! marks; Temple Nursing Di\'ision who had won in pre\'ious years, gaining 2nd place "with 60i marks, After the announcement of the results by Ladv District Officer liss "W alker, 1\1rs. McFadden gave so~e useful hints to thc competitors. She congratulated them all on their efficiency, especially as some were quite new to this competition, and she urged them all to persevere and the losers to try again. A vote of thanks to Lady District Officer 1\1rs. 1\IcFadden was proposed by Dr. K. Lund, Assistant Commissioner in charge of the Area, and \Vas heartedly received, He co.n!?~atulated the winners, expressed sympathy with Temple Dn'lslon who lost by such a small margin, and thanked the helpers for their assistance, FINCHLEY A1'\D SOUTHGATE NURsr G DIYISION.-A yery successful dance was held by this Division at St. Barnabas Hall, North Finchley, on Saturday, February 24th. About 150 members and friends enjoyed clancing to music supplied by the l\1eltonian Band. Prizes for spot and eliminating dances were presented. ' Among those present were District Officer and Mrs. G. C. Green, Supt. and Mrs. ]. Standingford, Supt. ]. W. Tayler, Lady Div. Supts. Miss Baxter and Miss Cotton Amb. Officer F. ] Standingford, and Lady Amb. Office~ 1\liss N obbin. Sergt. \V. H. Lane, of Edgware and Watling Division, yery ably acted as :\1. C., and to his efforts and to those of the band the enjoyment of the evening \,vas in a large measure due. BARKING NURSING DI\'rsION.-After 34 years of devoted and unselfish service in the Brigade, Lady Div, Supt. 1iss Smith has been transferred to Brigade Reserve. At a social held in her honour at Westbury School, Barking, on February 22nd, she was presented with a gold wristlet watch, an armchair, a set of miniature medals and an illuminated address from the past and present m~mbers of the Division. . For this ceremony. Div. Surgeon Dr. W. Fenton preSIded, and the presentatlOn was made by the Assistant Commissioner of the Area, Capt. Kendall, in the presence of Lady District Supt. Miss Rideout, Lady District Officer Miss Curtis, Mrs. Kendall, Mrs. \V. ]. C. Fenton, and many past and present officers and members of the Division, and friends from other Divisions. Capt. Kendall, in making the presentation, said that Miss Smith joined the Brigade in 1900 as one of the original members of East Ham Nursing Division. She had a fine record of service with that Division, of which she was treasurer. She transferred to the Barking Nursing Division on its formation in 1915. During the time she had been its Superintendent, a team from the Division had won

•

l\Iarch , 1934.

March , 1934.

SISTER.

the Edith \Vard Shield 6.\"e times, and three members had been successful in winning the Adam on Cup. l\1iss Sm.ith had organised First Aid and Home Nur ingclasses continuously since 1902, and many onicers a nd members in the Eastern Area had been her pupils. . In tl~e. Great \Var she. was on duty during every ' ir raid, receJ\'ll1g the \Var Service Bad~e for her services. She obtained hcr Service Iedal in 1914, and her th ird bar in 1929. She was awarded the honour of Servi a g Sister of the Order in February, 1928. Her's was a ,\ (nderful record, and one of which they wer all proud. A photograph of Ii smith, together with six me r'lbers of the Barking Nursing Division, all holders of the Sen'ice 1\1edal, appears in this issue.

FIR S T

The other lady to receive the honour, Miss Jennie Wathas done 26 years' Brigade work, first as an Ambulance Sist er in the Kettering Nursing Division. In 1919, when th e Kctterinh" Clolhing Co-operative Socicty was for,?~d, )l i sWat on was made a Lady Di\,. Supt., a pOSll1on \l' hlc h she 5t i II holds. During thc war she wa in the V .. \. D., and gave up he r aturday and undays to help in the hospital. For her \1' 0 k she rcci\'ed a certificate and mcdal for service in \" \ . D. Hospitals.

SOil ,

Nll. -+ DISTRll'l',

.] .. \. B.

BUCKPOOL RSIN(~ DI\'I 10 1. Lady Oi\'. upt. 1\1 rs. \- Kel all has reccntly bcen awarded the Vote of Thanks on \"ell u1l1 by thc Venerable rdcr of the Hospita! of t.] ohn ot Je rusalem. Mr . Kel all i held in high estecm by the oflicer and 111 mber of til Blackpool Nursing- Division, for under her lea .lershir the Division ha-; madc ,'cry good progrc~s,

A I D.

241

was awarded to the detachment which had made the most progress during the year under the greatest difficulties, Lady Camden was accompanied by the Marquis Camden, and amongst those present were Lady Mo.untgarret, Lady Oliver, Col. C. Pye Oli\'er, Col. de la Pnme, Col. ]. H. Yolland, Mrs. Falwasser, Mrs. :\1ercer, ~Irs. !\1itchell, l\Iiss Batten, Miss Southey and Hiss Haynes. No.9 DI!:.lRICT, S.].A.B. DE\'ON Cou:-\TY.-The Annual Report for 1933 of Lady County Officer Mrs. Balsdon on the w?rk of the Nu~sing Divisions in Devonshire, which has Just been received, hows how enthusiastically the work of the Brigade has been taken up in this County. The year sho\\'ed an increase in membership of 9, while 30 new members enrolled under the V.A.D. scheme. '0 fe,,\'cr than 3,966 public duties were staffed during 1933, over 3,000 public duty orders being sent to the Plymouth area, excluding- routine duties, which were undertaken according t rotas issued at the beginning- of the year,

DAGENHAM NURSING DI\,ISION. - The fifth annual dinner was held at the Cross Keys Hotel on February 15 h and was a most successful function, in spite of the de l"e fog, there being- over 100 people present. The chair "vas taken by the Di trict Surgeon, Ca It. Bendix, and the toast of the Division wa propo ed by lhe Commissioner, Capt. \V. Goodley, who made a III ")- t encouraging and congratulatory speech. Among those present were Irs. Goodley, Capt. Ken dd ll (Assistant Commissioner in charge of the [\rca) C) nd ~l '5 . K~ndall, Distrirt O~cer and Mr. Fitch, Lady Di\'. Su ,t. 11ss Swann, NurSIng Officer Sister Kekwick, Supt. c d 1\1rs. Norman, Supt. and Irs. Howard, 1\lrs. ",ann,)J s. Ambler, and officers and members of the Divi ion and th ir friends. No.3 DISTRICT, S.].A.B. KETTERING NURSING DrnsloNs.-Two Kettering lad l S, officers of Tursing Divisions in the town, received the 1 1signia of Serving Sisters of the Venerable Order of the H ospital of St. John of ] erusalem at the hands of the Sub-Pri r, the Earl of Scarborovgh, at St. ] ohn's Gate, London , ~ n Friday, February 23rd. They were Miss Lillie Percival and Miss Jennie \Vatson , both of whom hold long records of valuable service in the Brigade. Miss Percival has given continuous service since 18Q i , when she passed a first aid examination and obtained a ce rtificate before leaving schoo!. In the following year she was one to form a Nursing Division, known as the Ke ttering Headquarters Nursing Di\'ision, of which the late Dr. Dryland was. the first Divisional Surgeon. She was appoin ed storekeeper 111 1913, and continued in that office until she was promoted to the rank of Lady Ambulance Officer in October, 1920. She is the holder of a Service Medal \\ ith two bars, a George V medal, and a medal and vellum issued by the Joint Committee of the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. ] ohn in England. In 1905 Miss Percival did transport duty with the old horse a,? bulance wagon, and from two years previous to that until 1914 she was engaged in relief work at what ",as then the Kettering Union Infirmary. She did valuable work at ag:icultural shows and other similar events, being on duty 111 London ~t the Coronation of King George V, and also on the occaSlOns of Roya l visits to Birmingham, Leicester and Northampton. Miss Percival did excellent work during the war as a V. A. D .

:'\lembcr of th 1\o ..H (Barking) !'-.'ursing Division, S.}.A.B., \\'ho ha\'e been awarded Sen"ice Medals. catcd (from lcft) : .\mh. Si tcr T. Ra\\' lin~s, Lady Di\'. Supt. (R.) l\li E. S. lllith: Amb. Sister S, Herbert. tanding: Lady Amb, fficer)1. \V. Howe, Amb. Ister L. no\\', .-\. E. Smith and G. \\ eller. num erically a well a in usefulness and eflicienry, Her mbcrs arc \'cry proud of the honour conferred upon her.

111

l\..E '1' VOLUNTARY AID DETACII~IENTs.-The Marchioness Ca'11den's Challenge Shield for the most eflicient Women's V luntary Aid Detachment in Kent was won this year by Chlslehurst with a score of 1061 marks; Se\'enoaks was seco nd with 995 marks and Beckenham third with 731. The sh eld was presented by Lady Camden at the Chislehurst Village Hall on Saturday, February 10th. Lady Camden said that she was "ery anxious that arra ngements hould be made whereby all dctachments, bi ,· and small, hould have a fair prospect of holding the shield, and she outlined a scheme for a new system of marking which was being- tried. Lady Camden also presented the V. A. D. Cup given by the Commandant, Assistant Commandant and Quartermas ter of the Chislehurst Detachment which was this year Won by Teynham. The Cup, Lady Camden reminded them,

Altogether 2,942 cases were treated by members of the county, an increase of 8 2 over the figures for 1932. Among the more important duties undertaken were ;Exeter.-Cathedral Eighth Centenary \',leek. Barnstaple.-Three Days' Fair. Torquay.-Carnival Week and swimming gala. Paignton.-Carnivals and special functions on the seafront. Plymouth.-Navy \ Veek. Regattas were staffed by members of Nursing Divisions at Exeter, Babbacombe, Torquay, Paignton, Dartmouth, Plymouth, Stonehouse and Devonport. Summer First Aid Posts were maintained as in prey ious years, but Irs . Balsdon still considers that there is scope for fur~her development in se\'eral parts of the County. Five Girl Guide camps in various parts of the county were staffed by members of Exeter, Sherwell, Friary and Devonport Nursing Di\'isions, and the camp fo~ crippled and invalid children at laker by an Ambulance Sister from the Plymouth Co-operative Nurs ing Division.

242

FIR S T

Hospital and orthopccdic dutie to the number of 68-+ were undertak~n at the South D evo n and Ea t Cornwall Hospital, Ply mouth, the Royal Albert Hospital, Devonport, Dartmouth Hospital, Paignton Hospital, and Torquay, Barnstaple, Kin gsbridge an d Plym outh Orthoplt' dic Clinics. :'.Iembers of Pl ymouth Di\·isions aga in entire ly staffed t he wards and ca ualt\' d epartment of the Plym o uth Central H ospital on the occa ion of the 1atron' dinn er a nd dan ce to her staff on December 28t h. l any tributes haye bee n paid in the Annual R eports of the var iou s hospita l and the Deyonian Cripples' Aid Association to the efficient serv ices rend ered by the St. J o hn nurses . It is r egretted, that owing to the incren ed public a nd other duty demands, it has bee n found neces ary to c urt ai l some of the hospital work in t he Plymouth area. Dailr help is sti ll gi\·en at t he R oyal A lbert Hospital in the casua lty room, also in the casualty d partment of the South Devon and East Cornwall Hospital, but ward and theatre work has had to cease for a time; but in the e\·ent of s ickness or other emergency at the hospital, further help has been promised. Sixteen patients were accompanied during the yea r on long di stance j ourneys by rai l. .. Th ~ high standard of efficiency displayed at the compelttlOns IS worthy of note. In the De\'o n Championship, Barnstaple \.... as placed 1st, with Paignton 2nd, and Exeter 3rd. Barnstaple also secured the 10nica Shillitoe Cup fOI bedrnaking. In the District Competitions, Exeter won the Burns Shield with P aignton on ly one mark behind them; while in the Brigade Finals, Exeter was placed 5th, a gratifying result, considering that this was their first appea rance at these competitions, an d that they had on ly competed in three competitions previously. The work of the Cadet Di visions has pro\·cd most en cou r agi ng. A new Division was registered at Barnstaple, and has already 16 members with both First Aid and Home Nursing certificates, and 4 with First Aid certi ficates only. Fifty ne\v cadets were en rolled in the county during 1933, but loss of members by removals, t ransfers, etc . , ha's caused a net decrease as against 1932 of 4 cad ets. Five cadets had commenced training in the Chi ld ren's Departments an d Fever Hospitals, pendina- their a-e neral t raining on reaching the necessary age. l::> l::> Cadets have now obtained certifi cates in the followinaBadge s ubj ects : -H ome ursing, Life Saving and S\\'i~--:' ming, Fire Fighting, Child Welfare, Nature Study, Kno:dedge of the Order, Clerical Abi li ty, and Public Sen'lce. They continue to work for the Public Service L eague an d for the poor ch ilclren in the cities and towns o f the county. iany letters of appreciation h ave been forwarded trom organ isatio ns who have recived the cad ets' gifts . Th c members have a lso visited sick children in hospitals a nd taken them gifts of Aowers and fruit. D evonshire s hould be very proud that they have in their midst such a won d erful body of women and g irl s, all eager to help thei r less fortunate brothers and sisters inti me of need. Items (Dh isional news and competition!', social, interesting duties, lectures, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/o The Editor, FIRST Am, 46, Cann on SI., London, E.C.4.

- - - . _. - - - Members of the Norwich Ambulance a nd NursinG" Di vis ions held a social on March 3rd at Ellis's Rooms. ~ :.

•

Life Saving Awards of the Order of St. John of J eruh.~\'e b:en ~warded for conspicuou s gallantry in savi ng lite at ImmIne n t personal ri sk to Dr. H orace E. \ Vatts-Waters, di visional surgeo n Hull (Silver Medal), and Eric Bourhill, butcher's ass istant, and J a m es R ya n, gas fitter F ormby, Lancs. (Certificates of Honour). sa l ~m

AID.

FIRST

March, L934.

March, 1934.

243

A I D.

Sritish ~ed eross )'lews.

THE

SEND FOR FREE BOOKLET

HODSEHOLD PHYSICIAN

Lie ute na nt-Ge nera l Ir H aro ld B. Fa wcus, K. C. n. , C. I.G., D . . 0., D.C.L. , M.B., E..H . P ., the newl) appointed Director-General Lo the British R ed ero s ociet)', commenced his dutie. on March 1 t last. ir IIaro ld hns had a di tingu i hed care r as an officer of the Army ,\ l edical Services, which he joined in 1900, and of which he was appo int ed Director-General in 1929. II e has retired from that position to take up his l1e\\' on at the Briti"h R ed Cro. s Society'S headq uarters.

describes in simple language with helpful coloured plates and diagrams

The Diseases of Men, Women and Children, their Cause, Treatment and Cure,

The second quarterly cin:ulnr of the Blood Transfusi on en·ice, B. R.l'.S ., ha. just heen i-;sued. l embers should note th new telephone number whi h i-; no\\' ydcnham 226-+ (2 lines). Th e number of calls for 1933 numhen.: d 3,017 n. against 2, H2 during 1932 and 2,07 d uri ng 1931. The r cord number of cal ls in one day \\·a 19 on Aug-ust 31 t and November 2nd, whilst thl' month of Noy mber had the record monthly call, there having been 2'l6 call in that month. One hundred and si"(ty hospitals wer supplied durin a- 1933 exclusi\' of pri\'at hou e. anu nur ing hOt1l e'i. The pre e nt normal strengt h ic; 1,536 heing- an increase l)1 232 against 1932. A list of lectures and aJdres e to be gi\'en in \'ariou s neighbourhood is publi h d in the report, and it 111<1) b l) intere t for non-members to lea rn lhat the ociet\ i. alwn\,> prepared to send a lecturer, without fee or e"(pei1 c, to nil)' organisation desirou of hearing a ta lk upon th ubjecl. .\ Ii t is also given on various social arrangement. O ther items of interesl incorporateJ in the circular include a hort article on th Tran fusion of Blood from Corpses, as is being done, under ce rtain condition, in Ru ssia; and the Dangers of Profe ionalic;t1l in the rank" l)f blood transfu . e rs. The an wer to que'itiol1<; rai cd hy members, and printed in the circular are \Ny interesting.

The H on. Sir Arthur Stanley prv: ided nl the dinner of the Voluntarv Blood Donors' i\ sociation held on l\lal ch 1st. A mess~ge was read from the Duke of York, who is a patron of the Association. I TERNATION.-\L H OSPITAL ASSOCIATION. - The uccess of the finishing cour e for hospital dir ctOTS, phy IClan s, nurses a nd technicians, organised in 1932 at Frankfort-onMain hy the Internationa l II ospital Asso iation, was so decisive that a second cou rse is being planned in collaboration wit h t he Swi ss H o pital Associatio n. Thi s will be held from August 19th to 23rd , 1934, at Berne ::lnd Leysin, and it is anticipated that the atte ndance will equa l, if not surpass, that ot the Frankfort co urse, which numbered 200. Th e co urse will . be preceded by visit to hospitals in Basle, Zurich and Lucerne(August 15th to 1~th), and followed by a tour of th e principal sanatoria at Arosa, D avos, SchulsT a rasp and St. Moritz (Au gust 23rd to 28th). Intendin g participants may enrol for the cot.:rse alone, o r for one or both of the excursions and the co urse, Applications s hould be addressed to Dr. von Deschwanden, Director of th e Lucerne Cantonal H ospita l. F ed er a l Councillor Meyer, Chief of the Swiss D epartment of the Interi or , will he Honorary Presid e nt of the co urse.

We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretaries and others with specimen copies of this Journal for distribution among their members. Apply to the pul>li~hers, FIRST AlP, -4 6 C;;a~non St., ~ondc;m E.C·4,

WITH COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS ON PREVENTATIVE MEDICINE, THE SCIENCE OF HYGIENE, PHYSICAL CULTURE, etc.

The 500 illustrations and full-page Plates and the Anatomical l\lodels show in g the Organs of the Human Body exactly as they overlay each othe r make the reading matter more easily understood.

FI RST AID has nev r bcen expected to take the place of the doctor. I t is cl sig:ncc1 to pr ven t the ill-effects of accident being more se ri ous than the accident \\·arrants. So it is with The I-Iousehold Physician. It IS not published wi th the aim of making e\ ery readcr his O\VI1 doctor, but rather with the aIm of o-ivinoc\·cry reader sufficient knowledge to allow him to act in the absence of a doctor. b b CH I LOREN -h explains how to leed, bathe, clothe, and describes every disease of childhood, giving the simple home remtdie s and the doctor's cures a wt:11. LA DI ES - It explains and desc ribes e~ery disease and complaint of woman, fro m girlhood and throughout life, giving the simple home emecies and the doctor's cures as well; as nine out of ten women dread going to a doctor and would rather stay at borne and suffer in silence, th:s cne department alone is worth its >,eight in gold to any woman.

MEN -All the information you require and that every father should give to his sou. fc!es for your family.

You will save countless sums in doctors'

There are hundreds of subjects of value to all. The muscles, teeth, digestion, hair, food value, Ju·Jitsu, phrenology. diagnose diseases, flom appea ran ce of head, face, tongue , throat, chest, perspiration, etc.

A FEW OF lHE SUBJEOTS The Eye The Enr First Aid The Throat I nfluenza, Colds, etc. The Nose Measles, Mumps The Chest Treating Diseases by Water The Heart Her9 Root and Salt Remedies The Stomach Corns aod Warts The Liver Treatments of Beauty The feeth Ph),sical Culture The Muscles Exercises for all Purposes Infant Welfare What to do in Emerg'encies The Expectant Mother Treatment for all Skin Diseases Happy Motherhood How to read Symptoms Homreopathy All about Healthy Old Age Neurasthenia Sleep, Beds and Bedding, etc.

SEND

COUPON or a postcard for

FREE BOOKLET

lIow to

TREATED: The Lungs Pleurisy Hygiene, Anatomy, Pharmacy The Princ.iples of Nursing Invalid Cookery How to Treat Accid~ nts Surgical Diseases Brain and Nerve Diseases Diseases of Old Age Diseases of Infancy The Principles of Phrenology Shingled and Bobbed Hair Diseases of Hair and Head Adenoids, etc., etc.

A N I N V I TAT ION To you to send this coupon or a postcard to Messrs. VIRTUE & CO., Ltd., F.A. Dept., 19-21, Thavies Inn, London, E.C.I. Please sen d me Free Booklet on " TH E HO USEIIOLD PIIYSICIAN, " wilh palticulars of offer to delivt':r the complete \Vork at once for fi rst payment, balance to be paid by a few small monthly payments after delivery, also state cash price.

ADDRESS

............................................ .............................................................................. .

F IR S T

Queries and J\nswet's eOt't'espondents.

FRACTCRE OF AR:\l 1;\\"OL\'I;\G ELBO\\. G.;\1. (Orpington).-At a recent class practice a query arose over lhe "'ording for Fracture of .\rl11 im'oh'ing th e Elbow on page 70, para. 3, of the Textbook. Doe it read; Secure by bandage rounJ (1) the arm (2) the forearm and (3) the hand; or (1) the forearm (2) the hand. Are two or three banda~es u ed'! Your views on this point will be greatly appreciated.

The instruction might certainly be read to cover both method ; but, if you refer to those dealing \\'ith the 6gureof-eight handage for Fractured Forearm on the following page, you will agree with me that the Textbouk intends you to usc three bandages-at arm, forearm and hand. .-\t any rate, this is the better plan because n:ost nrst aiders experience considerable difTicult)' in applying the figure-of-eight bandage neatly, quickly and efficiently. J n other words, I am among the many lecturer and demonstrators who do not regard the introduction in the 38th Edition of the Textbook of the figure-of-eight bandage for Fractured Forearm as a commendable substitute for two bandages. - N. CORBET FLETCHER.

E:'C\:\!I:-\,\Tll):-\ HO\\,I.El~.

.\1. R . (Cannon 5t.).-ln a recent examinatioll 1 <l:,ked a cilndidate hu\\' he would dn~s a scald; and I \\ as intensely amused when he replie<..l: ".I 7uould treal z'1 -wdlz cold tea at tlte lelllperature C!/ tlu. bod)'." I pointed out that this ""as not an instruction of the Textbook and asked him if the body was cold.

Tex t, please! ! - T.C.F .

FI RST All) TO .\

BCLLOCI":.

D.l\l. (Hounslow) - The attached cuttillg from the February 16th issue of the Dail.}' Sketch is surely something new in the annals of First Aid and is worthy of reproduction in the columns of FIRST AlD . " A prize for a really original C good turn' should surely go to three Fiji Boy Scouts, the story of whose resource bas just reached London. " Seeing a bullock drowning in a rivcr, one of them dived in, anJ by means of a rope he and his companions got the animal on the bank with ils head overhanging the water. " Pressure was applied in the approved Jife-sa\'ing style, and a good deal of water expell ed from tbe bullock's stomach . cc The boys then applied artificial respiration as nearly as they could according to the procedure laid down for human beings, and finally saw the bullock

l\Iarch , 1934.

begin breathing again. owner. "

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules;r. - Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4. 2 - All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue ot the J Durnal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue. 3·- T he T extbook, to which refelence may be made ill this column is the 38th 1I928) Edition of S .J. A.A. Manual of First Aid .

Geod!

AID.

The)' then res tored it to it~

H.l·;:\IORRIIAGE FROM

TO:'>L\CII,

E. L. (\\'elJington, New Zealand). - The Text book on p. 11 ') warn u to g-i\'e nothing by the mouth to a patiel l ufTering from II ccmorrhage from thc tomach. Pleas<? tell us why we I11U t withhold everything in such cas s. H~lllorrhas;e from the Stomach lllar he due to ulcer,tion of the stomach wall, a \ery common condition in the . . day. NOlhing- is to bc gi\cll l;y the mouth let thereby ~ Oll cause increa ed acti\'ity of the mu~cuJar coats of th(' tomacll and bring about further 10. s of blood, ('\'cn if ) OLI do not actually precipitate the perforation of lh wall and the co _ :;equent escape of the ~tomach contents inlo the abdomc . whereby the hock already pre ent would be enormou increa ed.-0:. C. F.

PIRI~ 1'0150:-\1,\1".

L._\. (Dalston).-There hcwe been ~e\ el'al case report d lately of Poi sonint; throug-h oyerdoses of .\"r iril . Please tell me under \\'hieh of the grour~ of poiso n mentioned in the Blacl.: Bool.: thi", coml.!~, ill1d if there i any special trealment for it.

i\spirin Poisoning fall within the J\'arcotic- DLliri anl group according to the classification of the Textbook (I" 171 ), and should be treated on the lines laid do\\'n for thi:, grou r.

Flf{ST

1934 .

"RASCO" (Regd.) Bandage Fastener.

T.C.F.

A I D.

245

UNIFORM for all V.A.D.

THE

Thanks for letter and cUlting which we reproduce with plea ur . - N.C. F.

TREAT:\IEKT 01, A

~la rch ,

DETACHMENTS

Send /01 detailed price list.

The quickest, neatest, and safest fastening for bandages. Obtainable from Chemists, Druggists, etc. (including Boots', Taylors', and Timothy Whites'), at 4d. per card of 6 fasteners, hygienically packed in transparent wrapper; or in I-gross boxes at 4 /- from medical reqUisite dealers, and from the makers : -

COMPLE1E OUTFIT FOR B.R.C.S. MEMBERS Consisting (f Coat, Cap, Dres5, Apron, ColIar,CambrlcCap, Slee\'es, Belt, jor

R. A. SMITH & CO., 30, City Road, London, E.C.1.

£4 : 1 : 6 Complete Indoor Uniform only for 27 /-

Bin d in g Cop ie s of 'I F. A." l"' EEp your Copies of FIRST

For ST. JOHN AMBULANCE SISTERS

AID clean and tidy-

I ave them bound. end your copies for the last Volume (July, 932, to June, 1933) and we will return same I ound in an attractive case of leather cloth, with t le ti tIe of the pu bl ication in gold letters on the ont and side and the eight pointed cross on front, I r 6s., post free. Complete Volumes can be supplied at 9s., st free. Binding Cases only, 2s. 9d . post free. DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD" 46, C TREET, LONDON, E.C.4.

Compri,ing Coa t, H " t, Dress, Apron, Collar, Cuffs. Belr, G lO\'es, for ST . JOHN COAT.

RED CROSS APRON.

£ 3 : 18 : 0

NURSES' OUTFITTINC ASSOCIATION. Ltd. CARLYLE

BUILDING,

STOCKPORT.

Londo n : Abbey House, \\'estlllinster, S. \V. 1. L i . e rpool . 57. Renshaw Street. M anc h ester: 36. hing Street. Newc a s t l e: 26, Northumberland Street. B i,. m i n gha m : ~, Ryder Street. S out hampto n: ,. Abo\'e Bar. G la s g ow : 1Il. Union St. A ber dee n : ~Iiss Gray, 25, Crown St.

I-I.L. (Worrall).-We shall he g-rateful if ynu \\ ill kind l) solve a little Ilr t aid Jispute for us. In a Di, ision . practice recentl) two of our memb rs \\ere lold to trc ' a patient who was sUITering- from Frallurco..; of all 11\ ;\letacarpal bone, the injuries being complicated by se \'ere bleeding- from the palm of the hand . i\o. 1 Bearer treated as for Crushed h:1nd, L'olltwiling- the radial and ulnar arterieo..; with two half cork , and a narro",' bandage, with its knot 011 back of forear I and supporting the hand \vith a carefully padded split and an annsling. IIe treated the case in this way b, cause he remembered Rules -+ and 11 of the Gene nl: Rules for the Treatmcnt of v\'ound accompanied b Arterial Hremorrhage (Textbook p. 9+ and 96) . Thc:, state that no direct pressure must be made o,'er a frHlture, and that the bandage which Ilxcs a dres ing ill position must be tied lightly. AI 0, he tied the knot lif the tourniquet on the back of the forearm so that hl' could adjust the pressure thereof without interferi ng with the splint. No . 2 Bearer discarded the splint and treated :t') for Arterial Bleeding- from Palm, "when no forei gn body or fra .:t ure is present or suspected" (Textbook I. 107) ; and he gave as his reason the fact that by Sll doing he obtained better extension of the fractures. The method adopted by No. 1 Bearer is slrictly in accordance with the instructions of the Textbook. I COI1fess, however, that in similar circumslance I shou ld treat these injuries by the method selected by No. 2 Bearer, partly because in the clenched fist the broken metacarpals are, as he stated, naturall y spl inted, and partly because this position gives better control of the torn palma r a rteries, wh ich from the first aid standpoint constitu t3 t he more

100

DOCTORS in.

prod u c in.g

UNITE this

ENCYCLOP~DIA OF HEALTH

\Ye ask everyone who nalises the enOllllOUS ad\ ances in modern medicine anrl hygJenic knowledge made in the la<t few years to SEND i\"OW for our FREE booklet. This explains the GOLDE IlEALTH teaching on Sex, Hygiene, Baths, \,itamim, Exercises, Fooc'l, Rest, the lengthening of actil'e years, tbe prevention of cancer, cOD5tipation, influenza, and appendicitis, etc. The GOLDEN HEALTH LIBR.-\.RV complete will cost you less than one consultation with a physician.

HARLEY STREET IN YOUR HOME.

Edited l by SIR WM. ARBUTHNOT LANE, F.R.O.S. 1he Greatest Book on Health in the Worid. Get i t at once. It is In the Go ld e n Hea lth Libra ry. E VER Y W ORD WRITT E N BY LIVING SPECI A LISTS. T hous ands of Re liab le Pre scrip tion s! The Doctor in Your Home Ad v isi n g You. Every Simple Ailmen t of th e Family T rea ted.

INVEST NOW AGAINST WINTER AILMENTS. Write NOW for our SP E CI AL OFFE R and PROSPE CT US.

,------------------------I POST COUPON TO·DAY. I

BRITISH BOOKS LTD., 86, ST RA ND, LONDON , W . C.2.

Please send me withou t cosL or obligation to order anything 8·page

prospectus, which tells all about Ihis wonderful GOLDEN HEALTH-your I special offer.

iVa1ne ......... .... . . .. .. ....... .............. .. .. ..................... .. .. .... ............ . .

ALL FOR 2d , A DAY

Address .. . ..... . ... . ..... .......... . .... . .. . ............. , ........ . ... . ....... . . ..... . ...... .

Date.................................................. ....

F A.l.

FIRST

246

serious injury and demand priority in our treatment. N.C.F. TRE.\Ti\IENT OF TAR SCALDS.

A. N. (Box) .-During a discussion on the treatment of a Scald by Tar, t \\' 0 points were raised ; (1) As the tar will set and adhere to the part affected, \\'ould it not be an adyantage to make use of this characteri tic in order to form an effective air seal o\'er the tissue affected? (2) Although the Textbook on p. 128 recommends the application of baking- soda solution to all burns and scalds, would not the application of oil be likely to be an advantage in the fact that it 'would help the removal of the tar ::It a later date? I should be glad to haye your \'ic\\'S on the above two points and to kno\y whether, if you do fa\'our the application of oil, machine oil could be used in an emergency. Your sugge!:>tion that it is a good plan to leave Tar Scalds as found commends itself to me, because you will do more harm than good if you attempt to remO\'e the tar which, as you say, makes an effecti\'e air seal. Your further suggestion that application of oil might be of service in the subsequent removal of the tar has the grave disadvantage that oil is apt to carry infection, and for this reason is not approved. Further, in these days of Tannic Acid treatment of burns and scalds the hospital authorities beg first aiders not to use oil because it counteracts the efficient action of this remedy.-l . C. F. CO~lPOSlTION OF GASES.

F. H. (Chorley).-I should be obliged if you would explain which of the gases mentioned on p8ge 147 of the Textbook fall and which rise. Also in each case would you tell us how to approach a person O\'ercome by the gas in question? vVe thank you for your past information on first aid matters. The composition of tbe gases mentioned on page 147 of the T extbook is as follows ; Coal gas- mainly hydrogen, marsh gas and carbon monoxide. Water gas-carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Lime kiln g-lls-carbon dioxide. Sewer gas sulphuretted hydrogen. Motor car exhaust-mainly carbon monoxide. Fumes from charcoal or COllI fire- mainly carbon dioxide. Of these constituents hydrogen, carbon monoxide and marsh gas are lighter than air and will, therefore, tend to rise. They should be avoided by keeping as close to the ground as possible, as the Textbook teaches on p. 150. Cllrbon dioxide and sulphuretted hydrogen on the other hand, tend to sink because they are heavier than air. - T.C.F. ANOTHER EXAMINATIO

HOWLER .

L. W. (Bournemouth).-I wonder if you SllW this howler? I i: was published in a recent issue of the Daily Mirro?', and I thought it rather good. ; " The spine is a bundle of bones which runs up and down the back, and holds the ribs together. The skull sits on one end, and I sit on the other." It was one ot the entries in the school contest of the Royal Sanitary Institute Empire Health Week Committee. YE's-it is an old friend though I cannot trace its publication in the series of Howlers which I commenced in March, 1923. SoGood! Next, please! !-N.C. F.

A I D.

1\1 arch, 1934.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

TREAnIENT OF FRACTURED TIBIA.

A. O. (Adelaide, Au tralia).-The 37th Edition of the Te xtbook in dealing with Fracture of Tibia ga\'e 2 methods of treatment; lln out ide splint only to be u cd wl1£' n treating a patient ingle handed, and an inner splint to be used in addition when as istance was availab'e. The 38th Edition make no mention of the inner spli l1l. , but demon trates the use of the outside splint. I shall be glad if you could express an opinion as to whether the inner splint hould be used in squad \\'or,c

MANUALS OF AiDS

NURSES

COATS,

SPECIALITY.

Send P. C.lor Price List and Sei/-measurement Forms.

The 38th Edition of the Textbook tell you to ap II\' out ide and in ide plints in treatment of Fractured Tih ,,{, and when single-handed, to "tie both feet together, tl -;pen e with inner splint, and pas bandages round both limbs in the order shown in Fig. -U (p. 77)." ~ . . F.

THORNTON

CO.,

AID

YORKS.

•

eoming t;"ents.

THE ST. JOHN A\1BUlANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT,

coming events for inclusion under this heading.

------1\IAR IT. 22. -Final Competition of the G.l\'. ~ection of the L.t'·. ~ Railway, Liverpool-street.

N. CORBET FLETCHER,

Tlcrs 6"ok wo .. d .../tlll, s;mplit..s a compl,x Sf40;ICt aHd IlcDtlld o....ad 0., all tttlth"ts . ·'-L . .l N W. Rv. GUBTTB.

EFFIC.IIENOY

6.-The 10. 7 (. horcditch) Di\i ion, .J .. \.13., will h' holding a Grand Carni\'al Dance at the hored itrh Town IIall.

18. -

20. - London, l\Iidland and colli h Rail\\'ay Final titions, :'Ilidland Grand IIot I, LondoI1~

l ~IFORMS & EOUIPMEN1~. ----

PLEASE SEND FOR PRICE LISTS.

onnau ght 0111

peti t iOIl';,

'niform Clothing & Equipment Co., LTD,

]\[AY.

0.-British Red Cross Society " Stanley" Corn petitions, WharncliO'e Rooms, London.

i\Jllrylebon ,

13. - J\.letropolitan Special Constabulary Annual Champit 11 ship Competition, Scotland Yard. Inter-Railway Challenge Shield Final Hotel Great Central, London.

25.-SL. J ohn Ambulance Brigade Hotel Great Central, London.

Final

10 &

hield Fi !, I

12.-Sharlston and District Ambulance A5Sociation l\nl1 ual Open Team and Individual Competition.

15.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, St. John's Gate, LONDON, E.C.1.

am p-

21.-0pen Annual Competition of the IIarworlh Coll il'.T· Division, S.J.A.B., for the "T. C. Barber" 1\!el11o r.al Shield and the" Irs. \Vright" 'up.

2K - No. 1 (Prince of Wales'~) District Final Northampton lnstitute, Clerken\\'ell.

THE

Competiti on, Competitions,

CLERKENWELL GREEN LONDON E.C.1.

Telegrams; ' Uniquip, London."

Telephones; Clerken well 6682, 5226.

AMBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE, By F. C. BOTfOMLEY, M.D. A book let to aid those interested in Ambulance and Stretcher Work.

P:rIce 2d. each, post tree.

ERROI'tS

FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. U

To be '141 out and endoud with 011 Que"us ,__

MARCH,

1934

FIRST-AID.

Second Editon. Post free, II. 2d. BrrOfl In t'lrst·Ald Detailed aad Hlplalned. '11tis oook gw" a el,a".,. ilfsight illto tlu ",.tllctis 4Hd dit/ictlltil' 0) ."""g."c" t".at",."t 0" laY",.1f th.alf 111., ot/icial r.xtbook itul/."-LANcET.

OOMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcher, Individual and Question-Six Folders). Price 6d. each net post ltd Each Folder contains specia1 article on C~mpetition~ : -No. J, Tralnidg of Com. petition Teams; No.2, Conduct of Team In CompetItion Room' NO.3, Common Errors In Competition; NO.4, Further Errors in Treatment; No. S, History of Competition Tests; No.6, Preparation of Tests.

WHY

AND

WHEREFORE

FIRaT-AID.

Fifth Edition. Price I • . :ad •• POM free DlfllcaltlOl III Stady lIud Treatment lolnd by Qoestlon aael Allnrer. "W. co.".", .. d ,Ish DOD" to L.et""~"1 a"d SltlcUHts !VhD wllljf"d il 61 K"',a., UP"fJi••• '-FIRST AID.

HINTS

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORD£RLI£t;.

Post fr"!e, lid.

Orderl, DoUes SImplified aa.! Tabalated, wit!! A!ds to .emor,. ,coHlaif'U HftlcJr OIU/w! ,,,lo ...... aHo,, "- PRI!SCRJ8B

A ",Dsl cDmpacf OrocJtOl ..,

FIRST AID.

IlInstrated by SO diagrams In Colours with Explanatory Letterpress. By Sir JAMES CANTLIE, K.B.E., LL.D., M.A., M.B. C.M., F.R.C.S., D.P.H,R.C.P. 7ld. net; post free,

Monnted on Canvas, Roller top and bottom. 25s. net each. Post, IS. I. Hnman Skeleton, front view. 2. Mtlscles, front view. 3. Human Skeleton back. view 4. Mnscles, back view. s. The Heart and'principal Blood Vessels. 6. VIscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (B). B. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (D). TO. The Nervous System. II. Scbematlc diagram of Circulation (2. The Human Ear. [3 The Human Eye. 14. Median Section through Skin IS. Median '5ection through Head.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. Male, 808. net.

Female, 80S. net.

\Vith Foetus, 855. net.

Carriage 28.

A book that Is selling by the hundred.

ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. Their Signs. S 'mptoms a'1d "First Aid" Treatment. An Ideal r.remorizer Quick Reference. By A. T. OODINO. With ·Preface by WILLIAM LOCK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN NICOLSON, ~I.A., M.B., Ch.B.Glas. 18. 2d. net post free._ M. R.C.JI.EII~. (2ooth thousand) Revised. Strong paper. :ad. Post ld. HO_£ NURIII .. a I.. FEW WORDB. (56th thonsand) Revisec' With useful reference tables. 1-4 pp. Strong paper, :ad. Post td. By

FIR.T AID

With Coloured Diagrams.

CA~VELL.

FEW WORDII. I2pp.

Cloth, 6d.

BA .. DAal .. O 12

DIAaRA_II.

PP'-72 bandaging diagrams, with notes.

HEALTH

F.R.C.S.

...

Strong paper, :ad.

Post Id.

By Sir R. H. Pl~TH. D.P." Paper folder 3 in. and 4 iL. Post free 3d. oet.

FEW WORDII.

20th Thousand.

HOWARD M. PRESTON. D.mo,.st"ato.. I" Iii. Polyl.clilf/e. THE TR~A~GULAR BA"D~BE: Price Is. net; postage, zd Its ApplicatIOn Accurately DeSCribed by Words and IIO Diagrams. T~E R~L.LER BA .. DA8~. Price J.§. net; postage, 2d. Its AppilcatlOn Accuratelv DeSCribed by Words and J02 Diagrams.

FIRaT-AID ANATO_ICAL DIABRA • • • 13 (t to lund J-4)on Roll

No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs , II' Price 211, net; postage -4d Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatom} Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects.

Post free, 31. gd. net.

THE

CO_PLETE .A .. ,KI...

THE WHOLE ART OF BA .. DARI .... Till Sit LA BOWIIBR. Illustrated. Post free, II. 2d

.. First Aid," ,.6, Cannon Street, London, E _C 4.

H ARLSTON and District Ambulance Association In dividua l and Shield Competition.-The 10th Annual Ope n Competition will be held on Saturday, May 12th, 1934, whE n4 a Shield and valuable prizes will be given (0 1st, 2nd ~n d 3rd teams, also four individual prizes. For further partlCU-, lars apply to Mr. C. Sidwell, secretary, 3, Fair Vi ew,_ Sharlston Common, Wakefield.

11,

FIR.T-AID.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES.

out h~'rn

outhern Raih\'C1) Final olllpetltlon. , House, Cannon-str ct, London.

21.-Annual Dinner of t~1e Hospitallers' Club, Rooms, London.

Pl'lce, 3/6; post tree, 4/~.

Third EditIon. Post free, ... ad. Probleml III Itady. lraau:lIoal aDO Bxamlnattoll lelnd I.r SenIor StadenlS " WiilttJf4t dDtlDt tlu h()ok will 0' "I gnat Urf}iC4 lH tlu trai"illI o/tlcou 10 .. whom it iI dtsiglf,d."-BRITlSH MEDICAL JOI'JRNAL.

M.R.C.S.

"As a work of reference, the book will be excremely us ful and hould be in the library of all amhulance work rs. " - FIRST A.m.

APRIL.

11. -G. E. section of the L. <.: ' .1\. E. Rai Iway Fi !lal Co 111 p ti tion, Stratford.

M.A., M.B

Price I s. ~d •• post free.

Hlme-Ranla!! Simplified and Tabalated, wit" Aldl t • • em.ry.

AMBULANOE

The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars of fOllh ·

HOME~NUR.INQ .

Tbird Edition .

OOMMON

24, Commerolal St., BRIGHOUSE,

FIRaT-AID.

Tailors and Uniform Makers, TRLRPIlO."S.: BRICIlO(ISE 290.

Seventh Edition, Post free, III. ~d. Plrat.Ald 52mDlUied alld Tabalated, wltb A1III to .emory, c;~l. Si,. 14",.s C alltite c~"tribtlt.s aH ;Ht"od"ct;c" 4Hd w. , .. dD"U Jeil Koon ODlllicH Dj tlu ODOR." - LANCBT.

Regulation-Right! Quality-Right! Price-Right A.1I Uniforms cut to Customer's own measurements

FIRST-AiD, &c .•

By N. CORBET FLETCHER. M.B., B.C., M.A.(Canlab), M.~.C.S.

POOKET

FIRaT AID

RERIEIII.

By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B •• C.M.O .. C.I.B •• 0.11.0 .. M.I) (J) Poisoning, (2) Ha:~orrhage, (3) Insensibility) (-4) Asphyxia (Suspended Bl~at" Ing), (s) Fractures, DIslocations and Sprains, ~6) Wonnds, Biles Burns Scald.! Rnpture and Minor Injuries. The Series contains all the essentials of F'lrst Aid Printed on linen·lined cards, 3t In. X 5;' In. Third Edition. 6d. ne e,ch postage 2d extra.

AIDa TO ME_ORY FOR FIRIIT AID aTUDE .. TB A .. D .. URSES VERNON NEWTON. M R C ".(Ena) gd. oet. Pest JOHN

BI\LE,

SO"'S

D4NIELSSON.

83-91, Great Tltchfieid Street l-ondoT'

Ltd

W 1

HobsonlkSons

J. A. WYLIE & CO ••

Manufacturers of UnIforms, Headdresses, Accoutrements for

MEDALS, BADGES

(London) Ltd.),

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. SPECIAL OPFER of All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed TROUSERSPrivates--13/9 per pair. LIMITED QUANTITY ONLY. Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

FIRST AID

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

AND

No. 478.-VoL. XL.

TROPHIES 6ultable for

"FIRST AID U

AMBULANCE AND SOCIETIES.

NOTICE

CORP.

AID is published on the 20th of each month. nnual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

No. 11-

O"iginal Designs and Quotattons post ,,,ee.

Whol18ale Prl018 to all U FIRST AID" SOCIETIEI. Contractors to H.M. Ministry 01 Munitions, Russian Government, &c.

ADDRESS-

DA.LE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CAN 0 ' STREET, LONDON, E.C.4.

London Showroom-

Phone-Hop 0680 & 7065.

62,

"OLBORN

VIADUCT,

7 degraphic Address-" Twenty-four, London." Tdephone- City 37 fO.

E.C.

Telephone-0840 City.

North of England Office: 22, YORK PLAOE, LEEDS.

CONTENTS

SURCICAL

EQUIPMENT.

" STE RAID ' (Regd.) series of absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dressings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers only the quantity of gauze or lint required; after cutting this off, rotate the Container in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from exposure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded the Certificate oj the Institute of Hyg/me.)

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY

UNIFORMS

• •

WRITE FOR DESIGNS, SAMPLES and PRICES 49, Hardman Street LIVERPOOL.

BBIND FOR PRIeR L.IBTB:-

(1 eleplwJLe : Stockport 2794 and 4f66)

and at 137, Sentinel House, Southampton Row, London, w.e.l.

•

We have had SO years experience \0 the making of Uniforms.

"SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for receiving soiled dressings, sanita.ry towels, etc. Constructed for affixing in any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring, without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST-AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements.

MARRIOTT STREET MILLS. STOCKPORT

DIRECT FROM OUR FACTORY Perfect Fie Quality and Materials, Correct D~tails,

All Dressin~s are of QUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE.

ROBERT BAILEY & SON, Ltd.

ST. JOHN AMBULANC E BRIGADE

Phone : R oyal 2992.

•

w.e L

Phon ~ : Chancery 864?

,t II b3 4~ :I :IiI: i i 4,ffi I): ti :111111

(L'POOL) _L TO.

THIS

NUMBER.

E,) ITORIAL-

Road Accident" and Pa) mcn( . J ohn Ambulan ce Association l)ruer of ' t. John II 1l1l C ur~ing Tip and nags J. A. Brigade Oi trict Reports I expcn i\."e top- \\'ach es and \Vat ch Alarms P lice Ambulance News P ior), for \Va\es I cture in Fir t ..\id ming E\'ent ... R lilway Ambulance News H) pital Librarie T lC Early Days of Diphtheria o Ir Cros word Puzzl P meer of Medicine L tters to the Editor H lme Sen'ice Ambulance Committee o lr N urs~s' Pages " )aily Mail" Ideal Home Exhibition R d Cross News

2-1-9 250 250 251 252 257 257 259 260 261 202 26-+ 265 266 266 267 267 268 269 270

Q UERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

15. Red Lion Square

LONDON,

111111

Printed and .t'ublisheu by DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4, t? whom all communications should be addressed T elegrams- -" Twenty-jour, London." Tellpk~ne - Czty 37 EO. • To be had of all Newsagents, Booksellers and Bookstalls in the Ullited Kinl!dom and at all Rallway Bookstalls of Messrs. W. H SmIth and Sons.

Treatment of Tar Scalds Examination Howler Treatment of Lysol Poisoning Treatment of Fractured Spine Use of Blue Bag Humours of First Aid Fracture of Base of Skull Fractured Femur with Wound Oefervesence in Measles Removal from Noxious Fumes A Series of Examinalion Howlers

PItICE THI{EEPENCE [3/6 PER ANNUM, POST FREE

The

Its aim and object being tbe advancement of Ambulance Work I., all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and J eports on subjects penaining to the Movement and also welcomes s ggestions for Practical Papers. All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at the a ldress below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, . ld must be accom panied (not necessarily tor tJublication) by the r (me and address of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications c )nnected with FIRST AID should be forwarc'ed to the Publishers,

Bronze, 3/- I Sliver, 416; Sliver, Oold Centre, 6/9·

Entered at ] [ Stationers' Hall

EDITORIAL.

READERS.

~ IR5T

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL.

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I.

APRIL, 1934.

272 272 272 272 272 272 272 274 274274 274-

THE possibility of an amendROAD ACCIDENTS ment to the Government Dill AND PAYMENT. on Road Safety in order to provide remuneration for doctors and hospitals for treatment of injured persons in motor accidents is opened as a result of a deputation from the Parliamentary ~ledical Committee which recently waited upon Mr. Oliver Stanley, linister of Transport. I t was suggested that the cost to the motorist would be 2s. a year, the doctor attending the case could be guaranteed a 12s. 6d. fee, and the hospitals paid for emergency treatment. While we certainly agree that members of the medical profession should obtain a fee for their services, a suggestion we should like to put forward is that the fee to the motorist be increased to 2s. 6d., which is about a halfpenny a week, and the extra sixpence contributed be given as a donation to the funds of the divisions who give so much of their time on Road Patrol work. It was stated by the deputation that it was a rare occurrence for a doctor to receive his fee, and one doctor had been said to have attended over one hundred road-accident cases and not received a penny. This also applies to the work of St. John and other ambulance organisations. People expect the doctor and ambulance men to attend a case at all times, but the matter of fees or a donation is convenien tl y forgotten. Therefore, we hope the deputation will Increase their suggested figure, and so include the the voluntary workers in the distribution of the fund. We would point out that this is by no means a new suggestion on our part. For many years we have agitated for a small tax to be placed on the

250

FIR S T

road-users as a means to prov ide funds for first aiders who, when attend i ng an acciden t, are e"pected to provide the necessary equipment required, and, as we notice some eminent first aiders amon a the names given of the deputation, we hope they will put forward the ambulance workers' case.

St. John J\mbulance J\ssociation. BRISTOL.-The annual stretcher competitIon arrange:! by the Bristol Centre will be held on July 2 tho There are six trophies open for com petition; they are the" Beayis" Cu p, "Mrs. Squire's" Cup (handicap), N o\'ices Cup, the" Horace \Valker" Cup, the" ~lather" Cup, and the " Cyril Laving-ton" Cup. The first three are open to teams composed of men, the fourth to teams of women, and the last two to teams composed of men or women. Full particulars and further information can be had of Ir. E. O. \Vebb, hon . secretary, 6, Somerset-street, Kingsdown, Bristol, 2. NORTH SHIELDS.-Seven teams took part in a competition, held on Saturday, March 12th. This was the revival of an event which otherwise has not been held since the war, and the cups which form the trophies were given many years ago by the late Ald. W. 1\1 urray, of orth Shields, and by tradesmen. Tynemouth Police and Shiremoor Brigade teams won the trophies, (he individual members of these teams beingawarded silver cigarette cases by Dr. James Harrison and Councillor Gladstone "\tValker. At the close of the competition, Councillor "\tV. Bower introduced the deputy layor of Tynemouth (Councillor H. Gee), \\·ho presented the prizes. The Deputy layor, who was ar-corded a vote of thanks on the motion of Mr. J. A. Irving, the competition secretary, congratulated the winners and spoke of the self-sacrifice and enthusiasm of the members of the ambulance movemellt g-enerally. Dr. Campbell Lyons, M. D., "vas the judge. The results were :-1, Tynemouth Police, 147 points; 2, Shiremoor, 118: 3, T.l.C., 112; followed by Percy Main, T . E. R.; Tynemouth Borough Division, Wallsend and Percy Main. The preliminary contests for the Dorman, Long & Co. Directors' Trophy were held at l\1iddlesbrough, Ferryhill, Durham and Guisborough. This is the third time that the competition has been held, and 32 teams competed. The results were: 1iddlesbrough, Cleveland Works " A" team; Durham, Bowburn A; Ferryhill, Dean and Chapter Colliery; Guisborough, Bye Products A. These four teams will compete in the final, which is to be held at Middlesbrough. The Muslim Ambulance Society, Bombay, held its second annual meeting last month, Mr. M. M. Killesdar, J. P., presiding. The Hon. Secretary placed before the meeting the report for the year ended December 31st, 1933, which gave 202 cases of invalid transport, 14 public duties, and 32 cases of treatments. A vaccination station was opened with the help of the health department. 10nthly members had decreased from 140 to 127 ; there were 24 life members and two patrons. The Muslim Division had been inspected by H.E. the

Apri l, 1934.

A I D.

Viceroy and the Governor, who expre sed great arpreciation of the wOI-k and general org-anisation of the unit. Three c1as e in first aid were conducted, at which .fj students aU nded. The financial report . bowed that a balance of Rs.926.f-7-6 lies with the Imperial Bank of India. The reports and accounts were unanimou ' l), adopted , and the officer for th en uing- year were elect d. PLHIOUTll. - The Plymouth and District Ambulan ce Sen'ice have again increa ed the number of ambulance ill their Ileet. On April 6th there arrived one of the fine st ambulances in England and the very first of the nc\\ designed special ambulance chassi - of the .\u ·tin :\lotol Co., Ltd. This new ambulance, which brings the number up to ei~ht vehicles, se\'en of \\'hich are 20-h. p. Autin'>, will be housed in the new" Beckl), " 1\lemorial Central .\mbulan cl tation, which is to be erected adjoining- the ne\\' Poli ce Headquarters. Particulars of the new ambulance are a 20-h. p. 6cylinder engine, capable of 65 m. p. h.; low-loading boLly which reduces sway on journey - ; lectric alarm ~ignal ; latest synchro-l11esh gearbox; " ervo" vacuum bral<l'''', The body is internally heated by hOl-water pipes so as tl) minimi e shock for a ratient; special tinted gla 0 th at those inside can look out but tho e out ide can sutrccly 51.'( what is taking place within; tubular \cntilation ; normall ~, a single-stretcher ar, and will run with an inh'eniou I)' designed" float-on-air" bed. .\ seconJ strL·tcher Lan, in a few second, be III ted. recial non-ratLling de\'iccs are fitted, also traO"ic indicator. The Guildhall Ladie ' \\'orking Leag-ue h;l\e made a substantial gift towards the cost of the car, thc lotal Cl)st of which is over £700. It is intere ting to recall that until 191 .' or Jb yea r ago-the Plymouth and Di trict .\mbulallce . ervicl', th Ln known as the" Georg-e treet .\mbulallc ," had only l )ll hand-propelled litter with drag rore attached for \t)lIg journeys by road.

- - _ . _ . - --

Order of St. John. THE Report for 1933 of Colonel

trathearn, I he \\'ardul of the Ophthalmic Hospital maintained in Jerusalem by th Venerable Order of . t. John, shows that the volum of \\'o r k of that hospital is still almost at the \ cry hig-h le\'cl of 1932 There were 20,535 new patient, 9, 9S con ultations, an t! 3,630 operations. Of the new ca e 1.f,930 were 1\1oslel11 <; 3,758 were Christians, and 1,847 wer Jews. The "v"arden points out that the earlier reriod of til l British Occupation, from 1920 till 1927, shows a steady de· crease in the incidence of "blindness" ; but since 1927 the process has been revrrsed. It is likely that the chief rea~ on for this retrogression is the cyrle of dry winters whi ch Palestine has experirnced since 1927. Colonel Strathearn records that the epidemic of acute conjunctivitis during 1933 was severe, and that in an increasing number of cases poor persons have left destitute mothers and children, all suffering from the disease, in the annexes of the hospital, while they have returned to their villages confident that the patients would be fed, treated, and returned to their homes. In this way the hospital had to provide 1,615 meals in 1933, compared with 745 in 1932. The committee of the hospital records that the work of the Order in Palestine has been increased, as three more ophthalmic clinics-at Hebron, Mejdel, and Safed-ha ve been opened by the Government, in addition to the seven previously in existence, and, like the others, have been p~ t under the superintendence of the Warden and his staff 10 Jerusalem.

April, 1934 .

FIR S T

Home Nursing Tips and Snags By CAPT. NORMAN HAMMER, M . R .C.S. (Conc1ucied (rom page 22/).

3.- \VO!UlS. Parasitic worms are sometimes found in the uman alimentary canal. They may be tape\ orms or roundworms. The tapeworms are Oat, and of considerable I ngth, one of the three main varieties being up to _6 feet long. Roundworms are also of three l 1 icf types, the longe t bei ng [rom 12 to 16 inches I mg, while the little threadworm is only a halfl1. ch in length. T/le Tapeworm. Vari ty 0Jo. 1. - Thc eggs of this beast are \·<.lIlowc I by human in what is called" measly" )rk, and hat h out in the small intestine . he head of the worm attach es i tsel f to the in tes1al wall, and grow by segmen t , the oldest se a me nt · bing the lowe t. egmcnts get detached an d arc pas cd out \' ia the back passage, as sq uarish, \\ hite, nat objc ls. \' ari~ty :\0 . .2. In th is case the eg s are vallo\\' din beef r veal. \Taricty No.3. Eggs swallowed in flsh, L p cially pike. The pre encc of an intestinal tapeworm in a hu man is 5ho\\'n by the passacre of segments, either i 1 th~ Illotion or ind~pcndently. The partzclIlar 'Z' lr/e(l' can b~ a· l:rtained b)1 t/ze doclor, who will c 'd~r a course of treatment to be carried out, \ 11ich InU t be rigidly /oll07ued ill defml, step by s ' r, by the lIome 1\L1r 'e. The principle is that a medicine is giv n that will kill the worm, folk wed by a purge to expel it. The stomach and s naIl bowel must be em pty before the med ici ne is ~ ven, or it will have no effect on the intruder. The dead worm wi II be exam i ned by the d )ctor, [rom the m tion, to make sure that the head h l S been pa sed. If not, a new worm will grow. The Roulldworms. Variety No. 1 is a bi a fellow, 12 to 16 inches Ie ng, and looks rather like the ordinary garden \\ Jrm. He lives in the small bowel, and moves ahout, so that he may be passed by way of the b.l ck-passage or may crawl up into the stomach a,l d be vomited. He is got rid of by a special medicine, which should be given in a particular \\ ly. The appearance of one worm, pe r rectum or vomited, is an indication for the treatment, for, unlike tapeworms, who are usually solitary, this

* In the Ea t, nearly all hog-Oesh is " measly "-hence th e Jewish and 1\loslel11 prohibition of pork-eating is a sound l~ u blic Health regulation, analogous in this respect to other rt lual laws such as cerenlOnial washings, circLlmcision, etc.

A lb.

~5i

worm is usually not alone. His eggs come from the mouse and rat, and so get on to food which is swal lowed by humans. Variety No.2 is the little threadworm, only one-sixth to onehalf o[ an inch long . They live in the large bowel, and are passed with the motion . Infect-ion is from child to child, the eggs (which are very small) getting undtr the finger nails through scratching, and so contaminating food. To clear these thread worms out of the lower (large) bowel, the doctor will instruct the Home Nurse to gi ve enemas con tai n ing certai n su b· stances tc? kill the worms. Here again, step-bystep detall must be followed in carrying out doctor's orders. The lower bowel will be emptied by an enema of warm water, and this followed by one containing the substances ordered. This second enema is to be retained for some time. This procedure will be repeated three times a week for three weeks. . . Variety No.3 is in teresti ng because, although It lives and comes to maturity in the upper part of the small intestine, the eggs are not swallowed, but enter the human body by penetrating the skin. Thence, via the blood, they reach the lungs, are cougbed LIp and then swallowed, thus reachin a the alimentary canal. They are not very comm~n in England, except among miners, whose naked bodies, and the heat and moisture of mines, favour the parasite. They are got rid of by the adm in istration of certain capsules, after the bowel has been prepared by special diet, etc. The Home Nurse looking after such a case will, as in the foreaoina cases, rigidly stick to the programme laid dow~ by the doctor, or the treatment will not be only useless, bu t dangerous . In all these cases of the cure of worms of different kinds, the Home Nurse can see how important it is than an accurate diagnosis shall be made, and that the details of the steps of the treatment should be stuck to absolutely. He will realise the mistakes that "homely I) diagnosis may lead to, and the uselessness of " homely" remedies. " \ V orm -cake " and purges may expel segments of tapeworms that would have come away in any event, or fetch away with the motion some threadworms ; but accurate d-iagnos-is and the correct treatment (which only an expert can decide) wi ll do the job thoroughly and safely. Tile fleatment is different for eve1'Y different 1.vorm, and tlze 1nedz'cz'ne that wz'LL get 7'Z'd of one w-ilL sz'mply amuse all the others. So if you suspect worms, consu lt a doctor, and act under his orders. We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretaries and others with specimen copies of this Journal for distribution among their members. Apply to the Publishers, FIRST. AID, 40 Cannon St., London B.C.,.

FIRST

252

The

Brigade

St.

[oltn

A I D.

Ap ril, 1934.

A p ril, 1934.

Ambzt!a1~ce

DzstJ'zct Reports.

No I. (Prince of Wales's) District. At the Annual General reeting of Officers of No. 1 District held in the Chapter Hall at St. John's Gate, on Saturday, March 24th, the Commissioner, Captain W. Goodley, 1\1. C., presented to Lt. Colonel F. A. Brool{s, on behalf of the District, an Illuminated Album, in which were inscribed the names of all the Officers of the District numbering approximately GOO, as a token of apprt'ciation and esteem, also framed photographs of the 1933 I nspection and the Headquarters Staff of the same year. In making the Presentation the Commissioner referred to the kindly thoughts and actions towards all ranks of the District that had always been characteristic of Colonel Brooks, and on behalf of the District hoped that he would long be spared to reRect on the happy association with them. Colonel Brool{s in responding thanked the Commissioner for his yery kind words, and also thanked the whole of the Divisions for their kind token of regard, and assured them that although he had relinguished the Command of the District, he was glad to say the Chief Commissioner had kindly appointed him to his Staff as Inspecting Officer, which he trusted would enable him to meet many of his friends in the No.1 District for some time to come. He would always remember the happy times he had spent as Commissioner of the District. At the District competitions to be held on April 28th at the orthampton Institute the following teams will represent their respective Areas:"Massey Mainwaring" Cup: o. 108 (L.M.S.R.) Division; No. 100/1 Southern Railway Corps (Borough of Lewisham); No. 56 (Cricklewood) Division; No. 101/1 (Victoria) Division; No. 41 (Royal Arsenal) Division. "Osborn" Shield: Io. 108 (L.M.S.R.) Division; No. 41 (Royal Arsenal) Division; No. 19/2 South Metropolitan Gas Co. Corps (East Greenwich); o. 20 (Hampstead) Division; No. 116 (Willesden) Division. "Nimis Efficiency" Cup: No. 7 (Toynbee Ha11) Division; No. 112 (Bentalls) Division. EASTERN AREA.-The Eastern Area Annual Competitions were held on Saturday, March 17th, at Latham Road Schools, East Ham. For the" Osborne JI Competition five teams competed, the Judges being County Surgeon Dr. A. Stuart (team) and Div. Surgeon Neill (No. 76 (Limehouse) Division). This was, unfortunately, the only ambulance event in which a competition was necessary. Whilst this was proceeding Nursing competitions, which are reported in " Our Nurses' Pages," were in progress. Among those who witnessed the competitions were Capt. W. Goodley (Commissioner), Capt. G. W. Kendall (Asst. Commissioner); Capt. F. E. Bendix, (District Surgeon); District Officers Finch and Kemp, and Amb. Officer Ambler. District Officer Fitch announced the result of the "Osborne" competition as follows: I, Royal Arsenal, 215 marks; 2, Southend, 197; 3) East Ham, 189. Capt. Kendall thanked the Commissioner for his presence and the judges for their assistance. Capt. Goodley expressed the hope that more teams would enter from the Area next year.

CROYDO i . -The Croydon Division held a very succcs ful social evening on vVednesday, April 11th, at the Gyn nasi urn Hall, Croydon. Dancing was intermingled wi th competitions which consisted of musical arms, eating 1I biscuit, ankle competitions for ladies and gentlemen, et" . Immence amusement was caused durin cy the judging of th gentlemen's competition. . Dancing was enjoyed Lo the train of the "\VlI1d or Dance Band with Corpi. \V. Brcwer acting a I.e. The evening concluded with" uld Lang yne" al d 'The King."

FIRST

some time, held) and a fortnight ago, Pte. Parsons crowned their successes by winning the "Sleath-Gent" Cup for efficiency. Dr. Bridges proposed the health of " The Visitors" to which the Mayor replied. The Trophies were then presented as follows:" Rosa" Cup: Corpl. L. Stirk, Ptes. L. G. Parsons, J. Simpson and F. Bailey. " MacCormac " hield: Corpl. S. J. Johnson, Ptes. . \Vhite, G. W. T. 0' onnell and A. Davies. " Cadet" Cup: Cadets H. Page, Ian Medina, A. ,' tone and D. Bu tard. The" Pre" Cup had been won by Pte. R. J ohl1son. On aturday, March 24th, the Cricklewood Division held a dance at 110ra Road chool. ergt. Penfold, with hI usual capability, acted as M.e, the music being pro\ idccl by the 1Iazccka Dance Orche tra. The function was \\"ell attended and it was announced that the next, and last, clance of the sea on would be held on April 21 t.

A I D.

253

Horgan, attended to the next casualties. Two men, quite merry and scarcely sober, entered the hall on unsteady legs, and fell, one sustaining a fractured patella, and the other a dislocated shoulder. Improvised material was llsed, and the" patients}J transported to shelter by handscats. The next case was suffering from fractured leg, fractured forearm and a wound on the forehead with arterial h;emorrhage. This was treated by a team of men composed of Cpl. Waygood (leader), Ptes. Worbey, G. Packe and W. Packe. They were equipped with haversack and stretcher. A similar case was then dealt with by a team which included Ptes. H . S. Barnes (leader), A. C. Bloomfield, Cheek and Adey, but they had no equipment and had to improvise material and stretcher. Being tired of life, the next case had tried to quit with world by putting his head in the gas oven. He was quickly brought to his senses by Ptes. "\iV orbey and Cheek. All the work v,'as well done, and the audience showed its markecl appreciation. Praise is also due to the

OUTIIALL.-A large cyathering of fricnds and member' of the Southall Divi ion \\ ere pre cnL at a dance held at Fairlawn Hall, on \Yedne day, March 28th. 1Ir. C. F. Collins and ~1r. G. . Creescy (vi ctpresidents of the Divi ion) undertook the duti s of 11. , and the imbus Dance Orche tra, conducted by ~ [r. Charles Bennett, D. '.~I. t1pp1icd the music. Spot prizes \nre giyen and a lucky tIcket. A t.11 shilling note pre ented by 11r. Littleton changed han several times and ended in a donation of £2 2 . 6d. bcill" made to the fund. 11r. Creesey thanked all who had supported thl.: dan el o. 56 (CRICKLEWOOJ)) DIVISIOX.-A rcmarka b.! record of successe wa reported at the Annual DlDncr f the Cricklewood Division, held on ~Iarch 17th. 1Iajor A. B. Lcaky (Di\·. urgcon) presidcd a amona those present were the ~Ia)or and 1Iayore Hend~n (Ald. and Mr . C. C. Cartwright), Asst. Cl missioner Capt. A. C. vVhite Knox and 11rs. Knox, SU I and 1Irs. G. P . Hart, Dr. and 1Irs. J. . Bridges, the Rl C. Sims, Miss Han'cy, Capt and 1Ir . Journet, lr. a Mrs. R. Moody, Ir. W. Lockc, Amb. Officer and 11 West, Amb. Officer and 11rs. Barden, Amb. Officer a I Mrs. Cayford, Amb. Officer Harford, and Cadet Officer Hurford. Supt. Hart proposed the toast "Prince of \Val 5 District." He expressed pleasure at the presence of t. c Assistant Commissioner, who, he said, had evcr sho\\ n SUI' himself ready to assist the Division at any time. Hart appealed to every member of the Division to gi e Capt. White Knox their loyal support in making l' C orthern Area one of the most efficient, if not the rn ( ... t efficient Area in o. 1 District. Capt. White Knox, responding, gave particulars L i the work of the No. 1 District pointing out the end le s opportunities members had to render first aid. He ~ . pressed gratitude to the members of the Cricklew~od Dn 1sion, the largest in his Area-for the support gIven h l 11 and the Commissioner. The Division was blessed hy having wonderful Officers. Major Leakey and Supt. H n t gave of their best. . . . Father Sims proposed the health of the DIVISIOn and congratulated the Division on the work they. carried out. He hoped the work would become more WIdely kno \ iJ1 and apprecia.ted. Major Leakey, in response, said the Division was no\\' 110 strong but even greater strength was aimed at. In competition work, he said, there was not a single cup presented during the past five year that they had not, at L

Alexandra Dock Di\'j ion, Hull

orp, on the occasion of the first annual competition for the" Dr. \Vil on " Efficiency Cu p. 'eated, from I fl, orp!. Larkin, Amb. OlTicer R. \ Vhite\yood, Div. Surgeon F. Deacon, Div. Surgeon L. F. 'Wilson, Corps Supl. C. Batley, Div. Supt. \tv. G. Le Grove, Mr. A. V. Upton, Dock Agent.

Arrangements were in the hands of the mittee under Amb. Officer . E.. J. West.

ocial Com-

o. 107 (YORK Ro,\D, L. .E.R.) DIVISloN.-Over 140 riends of the Division assembled at Sebright Hall) Finslury Park, .4, on aturday, April 7th, to witness a very '1I1e demonstration of First Aid by members of the Diviion. Among the visitors were Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, \ssistant Surgeon-in-Chief; Capt. W. Goodley, M.C., Commi ioner; Dr. K . F. Lund, Assistant Commissioner, l ' entral Area; District Officers T . McBride and W. Roust, I11d Lady District Officer Miss Walker; as well as Offi'e r and members of Ambulance and ursing Divisions in ('cntral Area. The first case treated was one of narcotic poisoning, Corporals Dearmer and Waygoocl being summoned by a neighbour" to her" husband" who had taken an overdo e of sleeping tablets prescribed for him by his doctor. Four new members Ptes. Taylor, Bennett, Moore and

" patients" and the by tanders who so realistically acted thei r pa rts. After the demonstration, refre hments were en'ed, and Alderman G. B. l1assa, Hon. Vice-Pre ident of the Division, took the chair for the next part of the programme. Following an introduction to the audience by Supt. H. H. Dye) Mr. Massa 'congratu1ated the Division on its work during the past year. Following a Course of lectures given last Autumn, 27 candidates sat for the examination, and all were successful. Fourteen of these examinees joined the Division. In the competition for teams from the G.N. Section of the L.N.E.R. a team from King's Cross Goods, composed of men of the Division, had won the "Liddell teele" Bowl for the sixth year in succession and placed 4th in the G.N. Officers' Cup Competition, being only 13 marks below the winners. In the preliminary round of the" Massey Mainwaring" Competition of o. 1 District,

25+

F It R S T

the Diyi ional team \\"as placed 3rd, only 6 marks below the winning team. Durin o ' the four years the Diyi iOll had been formed, it had rai ed oyer £-1-00, all of which had been spent in uniforms and equipment. Alderman Ia a expre ed hi plea me and that of the Diyi ion at the 11umber of di tingui ' hed O'uest they had \\"ith them that cyening. Capt. \Y. Goodley, ~I.e., Commis ioner of To. 1 Di trict, spoke of hi plea me at being \vith them that e\ening. He congratulated the officer, 1 .e.O.s and men of the Diyi ion for the way they worked together to maintain the efficiency of the Diyision, and said that thei r records \ycre sllch of which to feel proud. Each man who had pa ed a Fir t id examination \ya cntitled to " 'ear the badge of thc ociation, the ciu'ht-pointed cross, the emblem of t. John. He suggested that all should read the hi tory of the Ordcr. By 0 doing thcy would mo t a suredly feel more proud of the great Order to which they were attached. The Commissioner congratulated the members on their display of knowledge, and aid that no man who had gained a certificate would e"v er regret tl?-e time spent in acquiring the nece sary knowledge. Ra11,,·ayme.n, of \\"hich this Diyision ,ya compo ed) had much for whlCh to thank the Railway Companies, who granted them many concessions. It ,\"as up to each man to maintain the high standard of efficiency for which railwaymen First-Aiders ,,"ere noted. The award were then pre entcd to the ucce ful candidates of the last First Aid cour e by Lady District Office r ~liss \\1 alker. Dr. 1 . Corbet Fletcher, As i tant Surgeoll-in-Chicf, exp re sed his pleasure at being inyite.d back again to a Diyisional function in the Area of whIch he was thc late Assistant Commissioner. He congratulated the Superintendent, T.e.O.S and men on the progre s they had ma~c since the formation of the Division which occurrcd whIle he was in charge of the Area, and wi hed them cvery ucce s in the future. Supt. Dye then rose to tha~k the ?istin~u! ~ed visitors officers and members of ne1ghbourmg DIVIsIons) amI frie~ds for their kind support that evening, to which Dr. Lund suitably responded. For the remainder of the evening, the guests wcre entertained by 1\1r. Fred. }\lerton, "King of the Bells," and his concert party, to whom a heartv vote of thanks \\"a accorded at the cIo e of the procecdings. Ko. 122 (ELTIIA)'I) DIYISIOx.-The Elth~111 Diyision held their annual dance at the Eltham Pansh Hall at which over 300 dancers attended and on account of lack of accommodation numbcrs had unfortunately to be refused admission. Just before the opening a telegr.am was rcceived from the Divisional President, Sir H. Kmgsley-Wood, expressing regret that owing to pressure of urgent work he "vas unable to be present. . In introducing the guest of the even1l1g Amb. Officer H. R. Harbottle referred to the creditable effort of the Division in the first year of their existence, having covered 361 duties, attended 400 cases anel. completed 1,400 hours on duty. The patron for the evel1lng was the ce!ebrated dancer, 1Ir. Santos Casani and his partner, MISS Gene Mence. 1\1r. Casani and 11iss 1Ience at thei r own expense and although having to postpon.e another engagement v~ry kindly consented to lend theIr names to. the da~ce "whIch was called the" Casani Bal1." 11r. Casa11l and MIs~ Mence gave a splendid display of modern ball room cla~1C1l1g and followcd this by judging the waltz competltlOn. ~r. Casani surprisingly announced that he was prescnt1l1g

A I D.

April, t 934.

medal and prizcs him elf, the prizes Call 'isted of a CourSe of Ie sons at the a ani ~chool of Dancing and given as con olation prizes to the lourth and fi fth couples. Aflel th competition, l\lr. Cas<llli commentcd upon the splendid " 'o rk carricd out by the Brigade and exprc scd his willing-nc to a i t them at any limc and in any way hc could. All arrangcmcnt ,,"ere carricd out hy the joint s~crc tarie Cpl. F. Judd and Ptc. \V. \Vestbrook, ably a sl'ted by th~ :0.1. e. , Pte. E. Rancc, and the Social o111llliltcc. Thc prizes wcre pre cntcd by the Shopkccpcrs in th ,' di, trict under the gentlc pcr. uasion of pI. F. olc)'. }\lusic "as hy Ahktts Southern • ta rs Orchest ra.

No. II I. Oistrict. STOl'RBHIDC,E.-The annual din ncr and di ' tribulion of a\yards of the Stombridge 1)i\ iion \\ as held Oil ':'Iarc l! ~Oth at thc Brotherhood Hall. Diy. Supt. II. Bakcr pre idcd OYl'r an allendallce I II about 70 mcmbers and friend ' including Mr. R.I . Morgan, ::\I.P., for the ~tourhridgc Dlvisiun, COllllt) Sw gUJ11 Dr. H. e. Darh), ~ orps Tr ea~ lIrer.l. A. lfarri ~ Corps'ergcant-.i\lajor Jr. \\'cbh, Corp-; Secretar) P. J I. ,'chofield (Dudley and District Corps ()Iliccrs), AmI!. oni cer ' C Dayie and F. \ '. Smith, ])1\ . . 't'crLtary .\. F. Roden, Diy. Trea urer II. IIadt>:kl s. ':'1 r. C;. E. ~ T e\\ ell, th I~e\' . \\'. T. Xorth, ::\lr. E. P. R. Tooh) , ::\1r. ::\. 1< Cookson, ilr. \\', A. Parsons (Lrea lIrer () f Stourllrld !2; Brotherhood), ':'Ir. E. Taylor and Dr. J. R. Dallo\\'. ~Ir. Morgan aftn refcrring to thl' \\(lrk III ambulant' workc rs said he \\"as surpri ' cd that tlwir wllrk should I1 11 mcet with a greater dcgrce of recug-nltIUI1 irll1l1 the jlllhl.ic [t \\ould not he askin.~ tUIl much if .;\!c1l1IJn: of ParlJ a 1l1cnt appealed to lhc (;OVCfl1ll11'nt t() shl)\\' their apprl:ci atioll hy makino' g:rants In hUldquartl'rs. Their work \\a onc otthe gr~ai.est unpaid sen·icl' In the c{)lIlltr~. II I did not kllo\\ of an) higher ideal than that IllCIl hOllld equip themscln:s ",it h kno",kdg-c \\'h ich would l'llahl them to help their fcllo\\ mcn. ::\Ir. l\lorgan. as an l. · pression of his OW11 appreciatiun, off crcd a prize lor COIll petition. In prcscntin(r the ninctecnth annual rC[l()rt the .:ecrl tary statcd that ~dt1rillg the )ear 1933 thne had btl1! :, satisfactory increa e in mC111bership, lhl total 111)\\ Ill'IIl ' 63. A ncw cIa ' s comprising policc c011stahle', Cas \\ 'ork cmployees, Midland .. Red" Bus Company Officials. \'~'a held and all ati fice! thc cxaminer. :;\Il'Inbers had carrIed out 1,627 public clulies and allended 302 ca es. Member: had aLo attended .'to urhrid~e mhulancc on 2()8 occasions. [n competition work the Di\ i ion had hac! a sur cessf111 y<:ar retaining the 'or ps and \\'orcc tcrshir l' County Challcnge Shield ' and g"aincd second place in tIll District scmi-final. By a narrow margin () f marks th L Division .failed to rctain the" \Vhorton and Christopher' Cup. The financial side showed a satisfactory halance. The Chairman offercd a warm welcome to the vi itor <;, makino- special referencc to Dr. Darby. D~. Darby expres cd thanks for thc invitation to 1:( present, and congratulatcd Diy .. Supt. Bakcr .OI~ .the effi cient way he conducted the bu mcss of the DIVISIon. III thcn distributed the awards gaincd at the rc-cxaminatiOl . Other speakers includcd the Rc\,. W. J. orth an d Mr. W. A. Parsons, thc latter gcntleman promising a prizc to the membcr who won 11r. 1Iorgan's trophy.

No. IV. (Lancashire) District TELSON.-Another ycar of useful ane! successful work was reyiewcd at tIle annual meeting of the N clson Centre hcld in the Ann Street IIall. The president, Mr. I. IIacking, presided over a good

Apri l ,

1954.

FIRST

attcndance, and stated that tl1<..Y must keep before them the rcal ohjcct o.f t1leir endeavol1rs; to further the al11bulance movement in the town. They c.'i tcd not for any personal g ratification or satisfaction that paradc in tllli form might give the mcmbcrs, but railler to givc servicc to suffcring humanity. He had many recollectiolls of thc sympathetic apprcciation which patients had given tn mcmbers in cascs \\ here they had rcccivcd first aiel, ane! hc conle! say with l yery confidence that this \\ ork was dcscrving of all thc "l1[1 port that conld be given. COLXE.-Bctwccn 500 and GOO membcrs werc present at the annual lca of the ('nlnc A1l11111lance Associatio1l which \\ as held in the Municipal IIall, and the number was incrca eel at the sullsequcllt mccting and concert. ':' Ian), old members werc present and rcpresentalivcs frol11 li ther Corps and Diyi iOllS in the district also attcnded. Thc hairmal1) 'oun. E. Duckworth.. expresscd the plcame it gave to himself and his wifc lo be with them, anel complimented thcm all on another year's successful work. IT e appreciated how hard it was to carryon, for many o f t11l111, after a hard day's work, and appealed particularly to those who crilicisec\ in a wa\" other than constructive. a nd asked tllelll lo rc'llll'11lber -that amhulance men and wo mcn gave UJl their lcisure to make thc1l1scl\"c. capable o i helping- the sick anel inj urccl ,\ ith no thought of r munLrat io11. lIt.: appealecl for the upport of the public, many of whom appcarcd to think thc mO\'ement was financed by 01l1C national institutioll" in tcad of being- a voluntary rgani:atio l1, and if the people" ho could 110t do the work .hl' lwel\'C'. would rally round and g-i\"c financial support a reat Illlnll'11 would be Ii fled from thcir shoulders. The awards and prize.' were prc .cntcd by l\Irs. Duckwllrth. aitcr \\ hich the Chairman and his wife wcre tha nked 11)" .'\Icl. Kllg"h lcy. ITO .·OCRS.- orps upt. Colburn. Burnley. ha rciVL"d 110~ificati()1l that H.M. the Klllg. the overcign J lead 0 f the Grand Priory in thc l1ritish Realm of the cll C'rable Order of the pital of .~t. John of J cru alem, h,l S bcen graciousl;. pI ascd to sancti()n the admi .ion as " Serving Brothers" of the Ordl r of . t. John, the folio\\"il1 ~ membcr. of thL' Durnley Corp' :-Corp Surgeon I I. J. . lanc, ~I.J) .. Corps Officer C. Smith, and Corps O fficer "-. S.. 111ilh. '()J. Tlnllon.::\I. ., lIon. President of thc .J.A. A ";;0c alion .. \ccringtol1, ha. ttl () hC'en investcd a a en'IIl" [: rother. Our cOI1!2;ratulatiollS to the recipicnts; may the; IYl' long to carryon thc good work. T

llo.

o. V. District. SKEGNEss.-The competition for the ,onth Lincoln'hire Area Shield was held at keg-ness on Sunday, March 25th. The j udgcs were Dr. R. E. ::\1. Pilcher (team test), _ r. B. Swccten ( kegne , ) and Dr. England (Boston), lo r the indiviclual tests. The shield was prescnted to the winning team by Councillor IIudson, Chairma11 of the Skegnes Urban Conncil, the placings being: 1, Stamford, 321; 2, Spalding, 11 0; 3, Boston, 298; 4, Spalding urses, 297; 5, Skegness; (J, Slcaford; 7, Lincoln; 8, Lincoln. The Stamford team will now go to Sheffield to compc te for the district shield) and the Stam ford and Spalding teams will go to Lincoln to compele for thc county trophy. Po TEFRAcT.-Corps Supt. T. e. Amery pre idcd at the cighth annual officers dinner oE the Pontefract Corps, hcld at the Rcd Lion Hotel, Pontefract. Those present includcd the Mayor of Pontdract (AIel. J. J. Frain, J.P.), A s1. Commissioner Capt. 1. F. Buxton, Dist rict Surgeon Dr. H. W. I-loran, of Nottingham, Corps

A T D.

255

Surgeon Dr. F. W. Sullivan, of South Kirkby, Councillor G. E. Guest, J.P., Police Supt. R. J. Coates, Lady District Officer 11iss Ashbery and Mrs. Amery. 11r. Guest gave the toast" The St. John Ambulance Brigade and Pontefract District Corps." He said the Brigade was the oldest and largest ,"oluntary organi ation in tIle country. He gave particulars of the Brigade's activities during the past year, and referrcd to Capt. Buxton, to Corps Supt. Amery, and to Dr. Sweetman. In Ponteiract Corps they have one officer of the Order, eight Serving Brothers, and one Associate of the Ordcr, Dr. G. \V. Blomfield, who was the olde t surgeon in thc local corps, and two lifc mcmbers-Dr. (Mrs.) Burnett and Dr. W. T. Hessel-which showed that Pontefract's work was apprcciatcd at headquarters. In asking the company to drink the toast he coupled \yith it the namc of Capt. Buxton and Supt. Amery. In response Capt. BlL'Cton thanked Councillor Guest for his splendid speech. Pontefract Corps was somewhat isolated from headquarters but was by no mcans behind in efficiency. He paid a warm tribute to Corps Supt. Amery for his work. Supt. Amery, in supporting, gave an interesting re Ul11C of the actiyities of Pontefract Corps during the past year. The members had put in 188,256 hours at drill, and as far as could be estimated had attended 80,000 hours on public duties. The men had treated 1.681 cases and thc nurses 361, and the motor ambulance had dealt with 170 yictims of road accidents) making a total of 2,212. The motor ambulance last year conveyed 1,067 patients to and from hospital, covering 8,000 miles. In addition thc Feather tone Ambulance had remoyed 497 patient (I,'cr a distance of 4,500 miles. The financial side was considered satisfactory. Corps Officcr Wiggles,,"o rth proposed the toast" Pontdract Corporation, Local and District Councils and Vi itors." The :;\layor in reply, said he was proud of the progrcss made by the Brio-ade in Pontefract. " Our urgeons" was proposed by Div. Supt. H. Kirk, who referred appreciatiyely to the work accomplished by the thirteen surgeons in the Corps. Response ,,-as made by Dr. Horan. The Pontefract ub cription Challenge Shield was thcn prcscnted to Di,', Supt. Kirk 011 behalf of Ackwork Division who will hold it for the third year in ucce ion.

No. V I. District. DARLINGTox.-The o. 6 Di trict Competitions were held at Darlington on Saturday, March 24th. The judges were: Stretcher test, County Officer Dr. W. H. Pallett; indiyidual te ts, Dr. F. T. Harrington; uniform, County Officer H. Bartrop and County Officer J. Walker. The result for the Silver Challenge Shield wa : 1. Durham, Hetton-Ie-Hole Diyi ion, 314; 2, orth York, :'Iiddlesbrough Central Divi ion .. 294: 3, Northumberland. \Voodhom Diyisioll, 28-1-~. Hetton-Ie-H01e Diyi ion <rained a further distinction for Durham in the compctition for the" Gibson" Bowl. open to teams of ",hich no member has previously held a Di trict trophy. The results were: Hetton-Ie-Ho1e Division, 314~ points; Newcastle Corps, 28B:; Billingham LCL, 2371. The judges for this event -were: Stretcher te t, Dr. W . A. McKellar; individual test, Dr. \V. A. Hogg. Dr. McKellar said that the work that he had had to deal ,,,ith had been exceedingly well done. The "Palmer <" Trophy competition, open to teams of which all member are miners . \\"a "'on by the Durham team, Murton Collicry, with 285 point. The orthu111-

FIRST

256

A I D.

Ap ril,

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----berland team, Woodhorn Division, was second with 277. The judge was Dr. J. 1 1Iain Russell. The test was a pit accident. Trophies for the Divisions showing the highest allrOlmd efficiency during 1933 were awarded as follows: "Robert Anderson" Cup: 1, Dean and Chapter; 2, Charlaw and Sacriston; 3, SWlderland E. and N. " Storey" Cup for I ursing Divisions: 1) Y.P.I. Division, Hull Corps; 2, Western Diyi ion, Newcastle Corps. The cups were presented by the deputy-Mayor of Darlington (Councillor J. H. Taylor), who was introduced by County Commissioner Stanley Embleton. Councillor Taylor said that he had never before seen competitions of this kind, and he had been impre sed by the efficient way in which the teams carried out their duties. They were doing a fine work. Votes of thanks were moyed by the County Commissioner for the North Ridino-, Mr. F. P. Wilson. HULL.-The first annual competition for the "Dr. \Vilson" Efficiency Cup, open to members of the Hull

1934.

April, 1934.

FIRST

new Headquarters of the Dover Co'rps, took place on Easter Sunday, and was attcnded by numcrous surrounding Divisions. The opening ceremony was performed by Commisioner E. A. Richards, who said that the use of those headquarters would result in the members of the Dover Corps making themselves more and more efficient in rendering full service to the public. There was a big parade on the sea front before the ceremony. 11embers of the ambulance and nursing divi sions, cadets, memhers of the British Legion, and Girl Guides formed in column near the Clock Tower) an d marched through the town to the headquarters behind th e ~ orthfleet and Gravesend Ambulance Staff Band, under Bandmaster F. Watson. Outside the headqua rtcrs they were inspected by Commissioner Richards. and Assistant Commissioner Nlajor VI. H. F. Noble . . Among the officers on parad e were Lady Distnct Officer Miss H. May and District Secrctary H. J. Wrif!,glesworth, Corps Supt. G_ Gore. Cnrp ccreta ry F. Fox .

Church Girls' School.

'llEERNEss.-Mcmbers of the Tsle of Sheppey and Queenborough Ambulance, Nursing and Cadet Division!:> ha I the hono~ll' on Sunday, March 25th) of being in. plc led by HIS Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury \\'ho. is also Prel~te of t~e Order of St. John, at the con~ rill Ion. of a speCIal serVIce held at Holy Trinity Church. IIIS Grace .expressed hIS pleasure at so large a gathcrIng and complImcnted the mcmbers on their smart and fl o Irishing appearance. In a hort, encouraging speech HI Gr~ce referred to the "w ondcrful work the Brigadl' \\'< s dOl11g and he trusted the mo\"ement would continue to }rosper in the Isle of Shcppey. Capt. R. S. Macfarlan, A.D.C., Capt. - Supt. of ILi\f. DI ' kyard, heerness) who i President of the Isle of ~I ppc)' Di\' i ion, was prescnt at the service) accompanied 11\ ,\ Ir!:>. Jlaciarlan. .' The \ isit of th e Archhishop attractcd widespread IIl 'c rc t and the church was full to 0\ e rflowin o-. An il1~r mg- adell' ' c; . \\'as g-ivcn by His Grace. b fter the s~rvice the mcmbcrs of the Bricyacle form ed ill \\ 0 lines outsi~e the church ancl. watched by a g reat c ro \\·~, th e A:chbl hop, accompani ed hy Captain R. , . ~[ , c larlan, Dn'. upt. IT. P a~ !l c r Ca l! , and Rc\,. R. p uaga n, made his in PC:ClIOI1 . The offic e rs \\ ho took part III be parade were , mhulancl Officer .. . O. Rcece ancl \\' nroacl. Transport OAi c cr \\' . ,\. Rudel, Cadet Officer W Bre tt, Lady upl.:'I I' . .T ~ Ilnc.r. Lady Amh. Officer ~[ , s K. 'ulton, ane! Lad) Cadd Offic e r ~rr . (;idley. In ill' u na\()ldable ab ence of Di,_ 'upt. E. R. R. Grcen tr et , Ambulanc e Officer S. \\' inch \\ as in char o"c of the QI enhol'Oltgh Di\'ision. Tr~ll " [l ll rt OffiC'l r E . \Vellard aL () III 'l ~' p n -lnt.

Watches.

li~u 'vL' r .I~ xpress.

The dedication of the Dover S. J. A. B. new headquarters. Alexandra Dock Division, ,,,as h eld on March 25th, a t Alexandra Dock. Dr. F. Deacon, Div. Surgeon Eastern Diyision, judged the first aid work, whilst Corps Supt. C. Batley, assisted .)y Amb. Officer R. \Nhitewood, North-West Division , judged the uniforms. Thirteen men competed and had to treat a case of a man, aged about 55, found lying in a passage, a few feet from some stairs, unconscious. In his right hand was a lysol bottle, two thirds empty) with the cork out. He had a deep cut over the left temple, evidence of lysol on his face and his right leg was lying- awkwardly. Div. Supt. W. G. Ie Grove was respons~ble for the arrangements and after an interesting test the result was announced as follows: 1, and cup, Private S. Savage; 2, Private H . Clark; 3, Private H. LtIcas_ Thanks were accorded to Dr. Wilson for presenting the cup; to the judges for thei r help and others who hac! assisted in any way.

No. VIII. (Duke of Connaught's) District. DOVER.-The dedication and opening ceremony of the

25 7

There is a large room for parades

and smaller rooms for instruction and other purposes.

In "xpensive Stop - Watches and Alarm

by CUUrLt:::» J

A 10.

-----

Corps Surgeon T. J. 1\ich o11. F.R.C.,. , D.P.H., Co rp Officers G. :'Iarsh, \V. Abb ott, P. Wickens, Corps S e rgt. Major Simmonds. Diy. Supts. Rcason and Wl11ter) Lad y Amh . Officer Mrs. Edser, Di,·. Sura-eon Dr. Hamilton . A drumhead service, beginning- with th e Brigade hym Il was conducted by the \ ricar of DO\'er, Canon Vv. G Elnor. A large number of townsfolk were pre ent, in cluding the Mayor and Mayoress (Councillor and Mrs. F. H. Morecroft), Alderman Russell) Alderman Norman , Councillors Mrs. Langley, Mrs. Bovton, Fish) Law, Ryeland and Eckhoff; Division Surgeons Dr. C. P. K. Toland and Dr. Gertrude Toland, and Mr. and Mrs. T. Francis. The Mayor formally presented the: building to th e No.8 (Duke of Connaught's) District, the dedication being performed by Canon Elnor. The Commissioner performed the official opening and th e Union Jack was broken at the mast head as the cere mony was performed. The ceremony concluded with the singing of th e National Anthem. Members of the Dover Division have put in some excell ent work on the huilding, which was formerly Christ

h II' H()\ I.n k\l'r st0p-wcttC'iles, suitable fL)r ambulance ~\'nr kc r"i and. medical practitioners, and sold at corre pond10 1'1) 10 \\ pnc~s, ha \ e been placed on lhe 1l1(1.rket hy :\[e. sr . .\. rnold~ ' (0.,122, , t. Jl)hn- treet, Clerkenwell, London, f... l . J. . Th e pocket.-trpe J~-hour stop-watch ha . an enamelled d~a~ g- raduated In one-11th eC0nd, and a side le\'er projection \\1 h starts .and stop the c~ntre hand; il co. ts only

lS Od., an.d IS guaranteed for ,) ycar. .\ ,-ery neat centresec nds. wn t watch, operated in the same wa\', and COI11pic!, . WIth o'lass face is old at 1" . I strap and unbr akable h , , J ., all( \\' lt1 a guarantee of 3 ycar. is rcmarkable \'alue for the me ey. Each of the e watche. has also the hour-hand and mil It~-han~ of an ordinary time-piece; the ca e are of chr mlum nIckel. :>\r~old' '.' appointment alarm" watch i fitted with a bel ll1~lde, \"~Ich can be set to ring at any desired time b ' adJl' st1l1g- an 1l1dex han~ on the dial. The back cover open} to f lrm a rest for keepIng the watch uprio'ht on the d I" t1~e a la:l11 mechanism can be put out action \\'hene~l~~ \\ ~ kh IS on ly needed for ordinary purposes. The 1rice With 3 year' guarantee, is 25s. I ,

S There w.as a good attendance at Exmouth Pavilion on ll ncl~y, Apn l ~st! when a concert was given in aid of the

HUTslng ASSOCiation ~nd St. J ohn Ambulance Funds . 1\1r. . \ . Law, w ho preSIded, anno u nced that it was hoped to ~~~n the ~ew Amb ulance H a ll in J une and that Lady Clinto n promIsed to perform the ope ni ng ceremony.

3loHce J\mbulance News. NATIO

FIRST

AID

CO~lPETITIOi\.

Last month the marking sheet for the team test was published. The tests set in the individual sec tion were as follo\o\'s :No. 1. -- 0ne fine summer afternoon while you are proceeding- along a quiet side street you obserVE: a motor de~ivery tri-car stop outside a shop just beyond you; the dnve r gets off and bending down into the carrier lifts into view a box on which is printed in large letters "Live Snakes Handle with Care." Suddenly with a cry of pain he drops the box and holding his left hand flops down on the kerb. You know there is a chemist' hop 50 yards off. The help of one unskilled bystander is allowed. :\cl. Time atlowed, 8 minutes, beginning when patient falls . NOl E FOR JCDGE. - Patient to be seated, face pale, small lacerated wound on left index finger. InLjuire: What is wrong-? (patient feebly asks for a drink and holds up injured finger) ", 1 J mmediate constriction round left arm 3 Examine wound (small and lacerated) 1 Character of hzemorrhage (slig-ht and dark red) 1 En urafety of snakes (sec ure) 2 Examine box (projecting nail) ." 2 Prom ptl)' rea ure patient (he has fainted) 2 Gently straighten patient and lay him down 1 Head low and 0n one side, feet raised 2 l"lldo collar, vest and belt (if worn) 1 Reque t b) tanders to stand back 1 , end helper to shop alongside f0r water and smelling salts ? (J ud!{c : Owner of shop s'~gl:;ests bri~ging pati~;l't in.) ~ If competitor pre\"iously asks penni sion to bringpatient in ' 2 ;\Iethod of transport: Human trctC'her. In truct brstander how to assist -t Lay patient on sota 1 I s wound obviously dirty () es) 1 .\sk hopkeeper if he ba ' any iodine bandao-es and lint, and water that has been boil~d (ye ) b 3 If helper sent to chemist for sterilized water, iodine and lint .. . 1 Gently bathe wound \,,"itl! sterilized water 1 Iodine own fingers and wound 2 Remo\'e Con triction 2 Dre wound (patient now comes round)... 2 Treatment of hock, smelling salts, ,,·ater to drink 2 Reas ure patient injury not due to snake bite 3 'Phone for and \yait arri\"al of doct0r 1 Note all name and addresse 1 Thank and dischargE: helper ... 2 General promptness and efliciency 3 Total 50 Nos. 2 and -t.-You two lUl\'ejust come off duty, and when about 100 yards from your station you see an elderly workman fall off a first-noor window ledge. In attemptin;to sa\'e himself he pushes his right hand through a windo\\~ You ee him trying to sit up by using hi~ ar·ms. Time 2.30 p.m . vVeather cold and drizzling. You kno\-v all first aid appliances are to be had at your station. Render first aid . ~o other help allowed. Time allo'vYed, 8 minute, beg-innlI1g when you receive this card . . NOTE FOR JUDGE. - Patient to be lying- inclined to right Side. Broken glass on ground. Arterial bleeding from ri&"ht wrist, simple fracture right leg with bur t ,~aricose velI1 . 'Warningnottomo\'e ".." 2 Quickly remove broken gla s out of harm's way 2

FIRST

25R

Gently turn patient on back ... . ... . Promptly note blood on ground ':l1der nght wrL t Character of hccmorrhage (artenal) ... Prompt digital pressure o~ right brachial artery . Is bleeding stopped (yes, If pres ure properly ~pp~led) Temporary protection of wound from co~t<:mlnatlOn .. Carefully examine right arm for further Injury (none) I nquiry 'if pai~l al~y\\'here ~lse (ye : rig.ht leg) '~, Careful eXamll1allOn of n~ht 10\\ er IIl11b (trou er-let> damp) ... .... . ... Gently expo e wound (burst \·. ancose vem) Note irregularity just above rwht ?ngle .... Apply digital pressu:e to the bleeding pOInt \Vithout contaminatmg wound . Ensure absence of any constriction round right leg Apply improvi ed firm pad and bandage on wound Decide to remo\'e patient into house as soon as possible so as to lessen shock Obtain penni sion, and ensure pas age way is clear ... Firmly bandage both thighs, knees, and ankles together ,.. ... . ... Pull patient's right slee\'e up to elbow lllto folds Flex elbow joint fully ... .., Instruct patient to keep it so "'lith his left hand Is bleeding stopped Cover patient warmly ... i\1ethod of transport (human stretcher) . On arri\'al in house lay patient on sofa 'w lth head supported, loosen tight clothin~ Ask householder if he has any SpllOtS, bandages, etc. (no) ... ... ... . .. One bearer now hastens to station for equipment ... Also to 'phone for doctor and ambulance (will arri\'e in 5 minutes) Colour of face (pale) Feel pulse (quick and weak) Breathing (shallow) Temperature of skin (cold) Patient's name and address Renewed inquiry re pain in any other part of body (none) ON ARRI\'AL OF EQUIPMENT. Apply tourniquet on right brachial Iodine to fingers ... ... ... Examine for foreign body in wound at wrist (none) Apply iodine and dress wound at wrist Place right hand in St. John sling: . Further treatment of burst vancose yem. Apply narrow bandage firmly between wound and ankle, and another between wound and knee ... Further treatment of fracture, Remove improvised bandages, apply splints and 5 ban~ages Further treatment of shork. Hot drinks, smellingsalts, keep covered warmly (J udge: Doctor has arrived) Nature of report to doctor who now takes charg-e Tactful message to patient's home General promptness and efficiency Total

Apri l, 1934.

FIRST

Place bed so thaL both ides may be approached easily

2 2

-+. - PREPARE BED ... ... inO'le bed tead and firm mal tress (not feather) If f~actured pine, peh'is, or lower limh, tr~n<;\'er. e boards and bed-cradle Remov upper bedclothe l\lakinto hand draw- heet Temporary blanket, sheet or paper, to keep bed clean until soiled clothing removed Hot water bottles or hot bricks cO\'cred with Ilanncl ... 5. - PHEPARE FO£{ COLLA? E Hot blankets, tea, corree 6. - HA\'E READY FOR DOCTOR Small table Ba in large and small Hot and cold sterilized water ... oa p and towels Cotton-wool, pins, sci. sor. Pail for dirty thing .' Any available dressings and antiseptiCS 7. - CLEAN CLOTIII NC Airing by fire ... Extra bedclothes and pillows

1 3

1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 3

2 4

Total 1

1 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2

2 1

1 2 2

2 4

3 2 2

5 100

o. 3.-How would you prepare for the reception of an accident case? Time allowed,S minutes, beginning when you receive this card. 2 1.-SELECT ROOl\l ... 1 Easy of access, preferably ground floor 2 Larae and airy, with fireplace 1 Pat~nt's own room best if ~uitable 2 2.-CLEAR PASSAGES AND STAIRCASES 1 Remove furniture and mats I

3.-PREPARE BEDROOM Light the fire ... . .. Remove unnecessary furniture

A I D.

2 1 1

259

Przory for Wales.

2 2

J 1

CIJIEF COill:\IISSIONER'S VISI'J. Plall~ are nearing completion ill connection with the l', ~(' rl)

2 2 1

5. - You are watching- some roller-~kater when } u

observe a young man 10 e hi bal.anee, \'iole!,t1y endl?avour to save himself and then fall heavdyon to hi bUllock. III? feebly tries' to ri e with the aid of hi s hanu . . , and tl len remains seated, looking around him in a daze? manl t r. The rink attendant (\\'hose a . istance i allowed) IS abl111 tl) lift him on to his feet. Act. Time allo\\ ed, .' minu beginning when you receive thi card. OTE FOR JUDGE. - Patient to be itting on the tl 'r with roller-skates on, face pal, fracture right pall'lh. R k attendant tooping o\'cr patient, about to lift him. 'W arning shout not to lift patient .... Ask if attendant kno\\'s anything about first aid (no) Offer your service as a first aider (accepted) 2 A k if attendant know s a doctor to be pre. ent (no) .. , 1 Ask attendant if first aid appliances are availahle (~es) 2 Send attendant for them and to 'phone for doctol 2 Request cro\\'d to keep \\'ell back . . .. 2 Ask patient if in pain (yes, head and nght leg) 2 Colour of face (pale) 2 Condition of pupils (equal) ... 2 Condition of pulse (quick and weak) 2 Condition of breathing (shallo\\') ... 2 Lay patient down with head lo\\' and on one side> 1 Undo any tight clothing 1 Examine head (no injury) Remove roller-skates gently Carefully examine both lower limbs (fracture of right patella) (Judge: Attendant returns \vith first aid material an d says doctor will be here in 10 minutes,) Straighten and raise lower limb ... .., Ask attendant for chair and support both feet well olT the noor ... ... Applylong back splint and 3 bandages incorrect method Cold water dressings on head and over fractured patella Keep patient warm until doctor arrives Obtain patient's name and address General promptness and efficiency Total

A 10.

ERRATUM. - The m()rks awarded West Sussex, win ners of the II Pim" Trophy, in the team test of the final coIll petition were 186~ and not 166~ as stated on page 233 of the March issue.

anticipated visit of the Chief Commissioner of the John ,\mbulance 13"igade, Major-General ir John DlIlcan, K.C.B., '.M.G., C.V.O., D . . 0., who comes to \\ ,tics 011 aturday, 1\[::1), 12th, to perform two functions, \1 , the inspection of lhe units in the Glamorgan County l nlre and the ul1\eiling of a memorial to the late ir II rbert Lewi , K, B. E., at Briton Ferry Church. The memorial takes the form of a Credence Table, suil,lb l) inscribcd, and ha becn procured witb the balance of the fund rai')cd to erect the tablet in l. John' C' urch, Cardin', and a plaque in t. John' Church C rkcl1wt'11. Lady Lewis, ). B. E., who was COil ulted as tl t he ui . . po al ()[ the amount, referred to the Brig'adc Units at Briton Fcrry ir Ilerbcrt Lewis' birthplace and they ar' takinl{ great priuc in the commemoration of the first I' ' Ilcipal ecr tary anu 'l111ll11isioncr for \Vale at thc lurch in which Sil Herbert',> father \\'as \ ' icar for Illany yl rs, The tablL: \\ ill be d~dicated hy thc Ri~hl Re\ ercnd tll 1.oru Hi hop of L1anu,tff at a en icc commencing at 3.0 p.l11. 131{Elh.'.~O'h.'.SIIIRr-.

E:\rRE CO.\II'ETI 1 IO;-"S.

Thl'le wa . . it I,lrgc and cnthusia tic gathering at the ttll1L1a: competition . . at \\ hicIJ tile "entre Prl'sidcnt, the R . JInn. Lt)ru Glanl1 . . J.:, D. S. 0., prcsid d, on ~Iarch 24th, whe n a rl'cnrd numher llf lL'ams cntereu for the se\'eral l \ ' nt~, fL)llo\\'ing- it series of eliminating- contc.:st IJeld in \, ri\)u part:; of the \)unt.'. The Pre i<.lent was supported b Editha Lad: G lanu . . k, the entre Cl)mmissiollcr (Lieut.C\ lo nel C. G. ole-IIamiltlHl, ·,~l.G., D . . 0.), the Lad, PI's ident (fIon. :\Irs. \h)pcr), thc :'I[clyor of Brecol1 (:'II;. \\ . II. Jones ParT.'), \\ hn presented the trophic. ; 1\lrs. and ~l l . . '01 '-IIamilt\)n, ,\ Ir. H. Janll's, Captain J. . Fe wci . . , :'Ilr. John E,ans, Dr. and .\Irs. Farring-ton, Capt. C( c1) n E\ an (C ntr~ Trea . . urer) amI the Brigade ecr tary (\J . \\'. :'I[alwl1 .\hraham). Dr. ". .\IcCormac (~cwport), Dr'. Edg-ar Llewellyn (l rcl ifT) and Dr. . E\iln ( ardilT) adjudicated and the rt LIltS \\ el'c a und 1': :\lale teams for" President' " hield, 1, Brecon, 1 ~ 5 111 ~ b; 2, P nrl1Os, 168; 3, Pont ticill, 157; -+, Erwood, 1. ~ ; 5, Ccfn Coed, 119~ ; 6, Iydach, ~5. 1 uring- team for "Cooper" hield. - 1, Buckland B !ch, H 11 mark ; 2, Clydach, 135 ~ ; 3, Llanell), IIill, 125. o\'ice team for" Gough" Shicld. - 1, Pont ticill, 13-+ In l ks ; 2, Pen rho , 130; J, I)'dach, 126 ; 4, Brecon, 12-+ ; 5, _efn oed, 118; 6, L1angammarch, 116. Cadet teams for" N. U.T." Cup.-1, Abercra\'e 151 Ill, ks; 2, Clydach, 142 ; 3, 'efn oed, 126. The medals for thc 1ndi\'idual Test were won by B. Jones (Penrho ), H. lorri ( Iydach), l\liss G. Havard (B ckland B\\'lch) and Cadet l\lelvis Evans (Clydach).

DEDICATION OF Al\lBULA 'CE AT ABERGA\'E NNY, ,\bergavenny ha long becn a centre of enthusiastic amb ulancc work, but thc efficiency of the Brigade members ha been handicapped by the lack of a motor ambulance in wh ic h to convey patients to their homes or' to hospit"l.l after thl rendering of first rtid. That need has now bc n met by the provision of an Austin 20 ambulance car, filled up forthe CO,veya nce of two patients at a time if [leces arr. This ~'aluable acquisition to the \York of the Aberga\'enny Division IS to be housed at the l\lonmouth Road Garage, \ovho will pruv ide an emergency driver-the official driver being

Ambulance Officer Roy Harvey. The car was on view in Bailey Park on Sunday morning, March 25th, when a large crowd of people assembled for an impressive service of dedication, The Abergavenny Borough Band, under Bandmaster A. W. Potter, was present and played the accompaniments for the hymns, "Thine arm, 0 Lord, in days of old," "Soldiers of Christ, arise," and "Holy Father, King Eternal." The service was conducted by the Vicar of St. lary's (the Rev . ?'II. E. Davies, M.A.), and an appropriate prayer was offered by the Rev. John Breese, who also read the lesson. In a short address, Captain S. T. Beard, O.B.E. (Commissioner for ?'Ilonmouthshire) referred to the long-felt need of a motor ambulance at Abergavenny and expressed the indebtedness of the St. John Ambulance movement to all those who had kindly co-operated in bringing it into being. ThC'y appreciated the help of all who had assisted them, but he particularly wished to mention the name of one who had more than anyone ebe enabled them to launch out. He referred to Captain Twiston Davies, Assistant Commissioner for the County, who generously came to their aid with a guarantee that was the deciding factor, while a grant had been recei\'ed from the Toint Council of the Order of St. John and the British Red C;oss Society. A scheme \"as in operation whereby they might subscribe 1d. weekly for a free call upon the car or obtain its u e b) paying certain chan;es. He wished them to realise that the Aberg-a\'enny Di\'jsion had the responsibility of running the ambulance supported by a committ~e, and he wanted them all to co-operate together and to see that it was a succe s, The \Ticar then dedicated the car j and the proceedings concluded with the ~ational A.nthem and the Benediction. EW

S\\'ANSE.-\

DE\,ELOT'~1ENT.

A meeting to encourage and foster the cause of first aid was held under the au pices of the Borough of Swansea entre of the Priory at the Guildhall, Swansea, on ~larch 28th, when the formulation of a Borough Centre Committee \\'<1. di cus ed, Councillor \\T. D. Rees, the Deputy ~Jayor, pre ided, supported by the Hon. John H, Bruce, Principal Secretary and Commi ioner for \,vale ; the Han. Mrs. Bruce, Lady Blyth wood, Dr. Urban ~Iarks, Commissionerfor wan sea j 1\1r. G\\'ilyl1l Aeron-Thoma, 11'. Hugh S. Cann, Assistant Commi ioner and Hon. Centre Secretary; and the Chief Constable, l\lr. F. J . lay. The Han. John H. Bruce said that there wa no doubt that ambulance work was not only a \'ery vital but a \'ery important thing- to-day, and it was meeting with a ready and enthusiastic response. He ga\'e figure showing the increa e in the number of members of the Order, the Brigade and in the Cadet l\lo\'ement. There wa no doubt, he said, that ambulance work was the work for tbe youth of this country. It orfered tremendous possibilities, and in the movement they were one big happy family, and the work provided a life· time of interest. He hoped that Swansea would form a really excellent centre committee and become one more Empire link. 1\11'. Bruce then explained the functions of a centre committee in detail and the personnel of the committee. Dr. Urban larks also addressed the meeting; and it was e\'entually decided that tho e present that e\'e nina hould form the nucleus of the centre committee, with the names of l r. lalcolrn Smith and 11'. Herbert lorgan being added, and that further prominent town people be invited to become member.

F I R ST

260 A:-'IBljLANCE "'ORK r\T

A 10.

April, 1934.

THE POPLITEAL ARTERY.

10N;\IOUTII.

~o di trict appreciate more than l\1onmouth the great work of it Di"ision of the Brigade; and this ,vas evident at the annual meeting at which the Pre ident, 1ajor A. Reade, D, .0., presided, supported by the Vice-president, Captain L. Twi ton Da"ie , The Di"i ional ecretar\', Mr. A, E, Powell, read th ninth annual report showing'the member hip to be 3S with a Cadet Cnit of 15 hays, Public duty wa performed during the year on 299 occasions. The ambulance car, put into commission in December, 1932, had travelled 1,495 miles to the end of 1933. The report referred to the honour conferred upon Capt. T\\'i ton Dayies, whom the Division was fortunate in ha\'ingas its Vice-President, upon his appointment a ' Assistant Commissioner of the l\10nmouth hire Centre. Mr. L. C. Dedman, Hon, Treasur r, presented a atisfactory balance sheet and both report and balance sheet was adopted. The President aid he \\'as pleased to ee "Duty ex:penses nil." That spoke well for the 'work of the Diyision. Their work wa given voluntary, freely and ungrudgingly. They had, he said, just reason to be proml of the work accomplished during the past year. It \\'as interesting to note that t\\'O of the neighbouring towns had follo\\'ed thei!" exam pie and had become the possessors of a motor ambulance. He trusted that in the interests of tho e \\'ho were unfortunate enough to require their sen'ices those towns would also follow the l\1onmouth example and place ambulance kiosks with telephone communication and so help further to alleviate suffering. Their first kiosk provided through the generosity of their Vice- President, was to be erected on the Raglan Road, near Dingestow, and they 'w ould try to place one on each of the main roads leading into l\1onmouth. He outlined a scheme for the provision of an ambulRnce station i and in referring to the increased dange~s of the present day roads e~pressed the hope that the time was not far distant when first aid would be taught in all their schools. OPEN CO;\IPETITIONS AT l\IERTHYR.

Ambulance compelitions will be held, as usual, in connection ""ith the twelfth annual fete and gala in aid of the Merthyr General Hospital at Cyfarthfa Park, l\1erthyr Tydfil on "'hit Tuesday, :\lay 22nd, 1934, entries for which must be sent not later than May 17th to the Secretary, :-'1r. David Jones, 19, Glynn-terrace, lerthyr Tydfil. There will be three contests: Class I for teams of men, class II for teams of ladies and class III for boy cadets. Trophies and prizes are offered in each evenl. ------.~.------

l\lembers of the SL John Ambulance Brigade at Bristo' formed an archway of splints on the occasion of lr. R Howes marriage to Miss E. Hook.

Employers in the transport and electricity departments of the Stalybridge, Hyde, 10ssley and Dukenfield Tramways and Electricity Board have taken up ambulance work and have already gained examination awards. The congratulations of the Board have been conveyed to the successful men. Alderman R. Wood, chairman of the Transport Committee, stating that he was very pleased with the interest they were taking in this work. In their duties a knowledge of first aid might be the means of saving life.

The IIDECORATOR5' ~ PAINTERS' MAGA Z INE" 8d. monthly) Is THE trade paper for all Interestetl . -Pu IlHshint Office: ~6. Cannon Street, B.C.".

FIRS T

April, 1934.

Lectures in First Aid. *' By A C

DOCTOR.

TROL OF ARTERIAL

I:-L-Ei\lOH RlIAGE.

The Popliteal J Artery is a continuation of the femoral artery and passes behind the knee. Hcemorrhage from the leg can be arrested by placIng a large firm pad over the artery and acutely ,1exing the knee, and bandaging it in position. THE POSTERIOR TunAL ARTERY.

THE BRACHIAL ARTERY.

Bleeding from the arm and hand can bl: arrested by pressure on the brachial artery, whic h is a continuation of the axillary; it passes dow n the arm on the in ner side of the biceps muscl e. In order to apply pressure extend the arm at righ t angles to the body with the palm of the han d uppermost, stand behind the patient and aras p the arm, feeling for pulsation in the artery, om press it against the humerus, the hand is passe I underneath the arm or may be pa~sed over it. The brachial artery may be com pressed at th e elbow by means flexion a firm pad is placed ove artery, the arm is bent at an acute anale an bandaged in that position, this will preyent bleecing from the forearm and hand. THE RADIAL

ND UL;\' . \R

ARTERIE .

Just below the el bow the brachial arte r divides into the radial and ulnar arteries, thl.. former ru ns along the ou ter s ide of the arm, a ll the latter on the inner side. These arteries 11 deep to the muscles along the greater part of th eir course, but they can be [elt pulsatin a about an inch above the wrist and half an inch from ith l r margin. If there is blcedingfrom the hand pre~su r' should be applied from both these poi n ts, th . ., may be c,ompressed by digital pressure or b, applying a firm pad over each artery and banda~)' ing tightly. Bleeding from the palm of the hand may I "arrested by applying a firm pad over the wou n I and instructing the patient to gra p it firmly, th ~ hand is then tightly bandaged in this position. THE FEl\IORAL ARTERY.

The Femoral Artery which supplies the lower limbs is a direct continuation of the external ilial, it enters the groin over the brim of the pelvis, an J can be compressed against the bone in the centre of the fold of the groin. Bleeding from the lowt! limb can be arrested by grasping the thigh wit l1 both hands and com pressing the artery again st the brim of the pelvis with both thumbs, one overlying the other. Hcemorrhage from this artery is always severe and no time should be lost ill controlling the bleeding. Digital pressure is the only means of compressing the artery at this poin t. For bleeding lower down, a touniquet can be applied as high up as possible.

* Reprinted by courtew of the Ir£sh Nursing and Hospital World.

The Posterior Tibial Artery is a branch of the lopliteal, from just below and behind the knee; it "' uns down the back of the leg to the inner side of he ankle, it lies deep to the muscle until it "eaches the ankle where it can be felt pulsating ebind the medial malleolus. THE

26i

A 10 .

bleeding the vein should be compres')ed on the distal side of the wound, and sometimes it is necessary to com press the vei n on the side nearest the heart as well. CAPILLARY HlEMORRHAGE.

The blood is red in colour, and may flow freely or merely ooze from the wound, slight pressure is usually sufficient to check the bleeding.

eoming ~"ents. The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars of forth· coming events for inclusion under this heading.

A. TERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY.

The A nterior Tibial Artery is also a branch I f the popl i teal. It ru I1S deep to the muscles beween the bone , it b comes su perficial at the [ron t f the ankle joint midway between the two malleoli. Bleeding [rom the foot can be arrested )y applying a I ad and bandage at both the abo\'e )re ure points. V \RTCO I: VEI~ . \Taricose Veins are veins which have become ermanently str t heel and dilated. There are hree po itions in which veins are liable to become aricose :1. The veins at the lower end of the bowel, l rociucing the condition known a hcemorrhoids or l tle . 2. Vein of the p rmati cord, producing 'aricocele. 3. Those of the lower extremity, especially he internal saphenous with its branches on the n ner side of the leg. CAUSE.

1. Then~ j an inherited tendency in some leopl . 2. Employments that necessitate long standn (1'.

3. Tight aarters aggravate the condition. 4. onsti pation also aggravates the condition pe ially in th case of hcemorrhoids and varicose eins in the left leg. 5. Pregnancy is another common cause. VE ou

H.EMORRHAGE.

Apart from injury, varicose veins are someimes liable to burst, especially where the overying skin has become markedly thinned. When his occurs there is bleeding from both sides of the vound, more profuse from the distal end, the lliood flows in a slow continuous stream, and is dark red in colour. First Aid.-Get the patient lying down and elevate the leg, remove garters or any tight bands from' the side nearest the heart, apply digital pressure over the wound, if this does not stop the

APRIL.

21.-Surrcy and Sussex (No.8 District, S.J.A.B.) Annual County Championships, Redhill. 27. - Great \Vestern Railway Final Ambulance Competitions, Paddington. 27.-London, ~lidland and Scottish Railway Final Ambulance Competitions, Midland Grand Hotel, London. 2~.-No. 1 (Prince of \Vales's) District Final Competitions, Torthampton Institute, ClerkenwelL 28,-1 o. 9 (DeYon, Cornwall and Dorset) District, S.J.A. B., Ambulance and Nursing District Contests, Territorial Drill Hall, Exeter. :-'lAY. s.-Kent (No 8 District, S.].A. B.) Annual County Com petitions, ::\laidstone. 9.-British Red Cross Society "Stanley" Shield Final Com petitions, 'Wharncliffe Rooms, l\larylebone, London. 12,-Red Cross Day (Florence Nightingale's Birthday). 12.-lnspection of the Brigade Units in the Glamorgan County Centre and the unveiling of a memorial to the late Sir Herbert Lewis, K. B. E., at Briton Ferry Church, by the Chief Commissioner, lajor General Sir John Duncan. 12.-Sharlston and District Ambulance Association Annual Open Team and Individual Competitions. 12.-No. 8 (Duke of Connaught's) District, S.J.A.B., Final Competitions, Caterham. 13.- letropolitan Special Constabulary Annual Championship Competition, Scotland Yard. 1s.-Inter-Railway Challenge Shield Final Competition, Hotel Great Central, London. 25.-St. John Ambulance Brigade Final Competitions, Hotel Great Central, London. 29.-London and North Eastern Railway, England and Scotland International Ambulance Competition, York. JUNE.

9.-No. 1 (Prince of \Vales's) District, S .J . A.B., Annual Inspection, Hyde Park. 2-+.- t. John'S Day. 28.-Investiture of appointments to and promotions in the Order of St. John to members of the Priory for 'Wales, Cardiff.

When you write to any of our Adverti sers kind lv mention FI RST AID . It dosen't cost you anyth ing and it pleases the Adve rtisers, and Us '

FIRST

AID.

Ap ril, 19.34 .

Razlway Ambulance News.

FIRST

Ap ril, 1934.

London and North Eastt:rn. S OUTHE R N

A REA .

G.E . SECTION .

Inter- Railway Ambulance Competition. The Illtcr-Rail\\'ay Ambulance Compctition for the hield and prizes presented by the St. John Ambulance A sociation and for the "Dr. Corbet Fletcher" Cup will be held on May 15th at the Great Central Hotel, 1\'larylebone, London. The judge will be Capt. A. C. \Vhite Knox, of London, and Lt.-Col. 1\1. MacEwan, at Ipswich, A preliminary competition for the ungrouped Railways was held at St. John's Gate on 1\1arch 23rd when four teams were judged by Dr. H. A. Dunlop of London. The result "'as: -1, Che hire Lines Committee, 30-H points; 2, l\Iidland and Great ?\orthern ] oint, 293; 3, Metropolitan Line, L.P.T.B., 291; -+, S. and L.1\LS. Joint (Somerset and Dorset), 233 The Cheshire Lines Committee team will therefore compete in the final competition together with the two teams from each of the four Railway Companies. ------.--.------

Great Western. BIR1IINGIIAJ.I.-The Grand Hotel, Birmingham) wa:; the scene of the annual divisional presentation of awards to members of the various classes in thc Birmingham (N o. 12) Division on March 26th. Some 500 member and their friends assembled under the presidency of 1Ir. F. K. Pelly, District Goods Manager, and among those present were the Lord l\Iayor of Birmingham, Alderman H. E. Goodby, 11r. Cyril Lloyd, Director, 1'1r. VI .E. Hart, Div. Supt., 1\1r. H. S. B. vVhitley, Diy. Engincer, 1\1r. F. Lampitt, Chief Goods l\Ianager's Office, Paddington, and local officials of the Company, as well as members of the City Council, principal traders) medical and nursing representatives. 1\1r. Pelley congratulated the Di\'i ion on the fact that no fewer than 711 out of the 722 candidates who took the examination had passed. First aid awards for 15, 20, 25 and 30 years' efficiency were presented by the :"1ayor, whilst the examination awards were distributed by 11r. Hart. Mr. Cyril Lloyd handed the " Robert Fellovvs " Bowl to the Stafford Road team, who had gained first place in the advanced competition, and the "Felix Fellows" Cup to Leamington Spa) winners of the Beginners' Contest. SIIREWSBURY.-Mr. H. H. Bird, Assistant Divisional Engineer presented examination awards to successful members of the Shrewsbury Goods ,A mbulancc class on nlarch 22nd, when 1\Ir. \V. H. Hall, District Goods l\1anager, presided. The awards included the Company's Quarter Century efficiency medal to nIr. T. Dale. STOURBRIDGE.-The Annual Smoking Concert organised by the Stourbridge ambulance class, held at the Bell Hotel on March 9th, included in addition to railway employees, members of the Stourbridge Borough Police and 11idland Red Omnibus Company. Mr. F. K. Pelley, District Goods N1anager, presided, and 1'.11'. H. S. B. Whitley, Divisional Engineer, presented examination awards to successful members. Among those rresent were the 11ayor of Stourbridge, Councillor J. Wright, Mr. A. J.

In 'all, AS ' 1 tant Divisional Superintendent, 1\1r. ]. A. \"Varren-King, Assistant Goods Manager, Dr. J. R. Dallow, Dr. Kea11e, upt. H. Baker ('lourbridge S.] .A.B.)) upt. Dunn (Lye, .J.A.B.) and other local officials and members of the Brigade. 1\1r. Pelley madc feeling' reference to recent losses sustained by the ambulance 1110\'ement in thc dealhs () . the latc Lord Churchill, President of the G.W.R. Ambulance Centre, :"Ir. J. S. \Villiams Thoma ', O.B.E., Alderman Felix Fellows, and 1\Ir. C. H. O"erbury, Di\'isiona i Ambulance Secretary. Pre entations were made on hchalf of thc class mem bers to Dr . Dallow and Keane, :"Ir. T. Thatchn. sccrctary, and nIr. Stacey, who had hefd the pusition o f instructor for 19 years.

The 37th Annual Cup Final competition of the G.E. Section wa held at Stratford) on April 11th. 'even teams competed the judges being apt. F. E. Bendix, 1\I.R.C.S., L.R.c.P. (team and TO. 5), and Lt.Col. F. A . Brooks, M.D. (Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4). ome excellent work was witnessed both individually nd in the team, but it was noticed how few competitors ,andagccl the limbs properly in the test sct ~s. 3 and 4. \Ithuugh few marks wcre lost for this, competitors would do \\ell to follow the instruction laid down in the Text:)()ok. A word of praise should be given to the patient in the tcam test. His acting was exceptionally good, especially ill thc compression state. At the subsequcnt presentation of prize, the Chair vas taken by ir Charle A. Balho, Bart., who called

At the rccent c()mpetition fur the LorlJL'tt lIo pita l Cup and Goblets held in the Brotherhood J Iall, Stour bridge, on March 7th, 111'. J. Thatcher, G.\\·.R., gained the sil\'er goblets as the be 't indi\'iclual member, with 9l marks. The presentation \\ a made by the :\Iayor of tourbridge, Councillor J. \Vri~' hl. Lye '.J.A.D. tea m \\'on with competition, and were prcsented \\ Jth th l "Corbett" Cup, and Stourhridge C. \\'.R tcam \\'crl runners-up. IIRE\\,SBCRY COTOl\' IIIl .L.-At a gathering held on March 11th, Dr. F. II. Edward ', Examincr of the Coton Hill ambulance class, pre cnleu I\l1'. \Y. Price, In truclor. and 1\1r. F. Hatton, Secretary, each \\ ith a hiscuit harrel on behalf of the members of the cia s, in appreciation of their services. CmlPETITI<L\~.-The scml-final round of the (~.\\'.I\ . ambulance competitions took plctce during March) \\ Jth tIll result that the following cio'ht teams ll(ln Clualillcd to COI1l pete in the Final competition at Padding-ton OJ] April 27th . ",hen the adj udicators will be Maj or J. Orton at CoventI'. and Dr. I. H. Maclean of St. Mary's lIospital, Padding ton :-Swindon, South Lambeth, Barry Locomotivc . Pontypool Road, W cymouth, Paigntoll, Li keard J Bourne End (Beginners).

PEXZAXCE.-Four teams competed in thc Annual con test for the" Robins Bolitho" Ambulancc 'hield, open lu G.vV.R. ambulance teams from \Vest Cornwall, whicl took place at Penzance on April 5th, Dr. J. G. Morgan 0 Liskeard, being the adjudicator. Thc result was: 1 Pen zance, 104i marks; 2, St. Ives) 92; 3. Truro ( o. 2), 90 , 4, Truro (No.1), 77. The adjudicator paid tribute to th L excellent work of the teams, and to their Divisional Sec retary, Mr. R. G. N odder. Subsequent to the contest the teams were entcrtained to tea by Colonel and Mrs. E. II. W. Bolitho, and the Shield and prizes were presented by Mrs. Bolitho. The Mayor and Mayoress of Penzance werc prescnt) and il' congratulating the teams in general and the PCllzance team in particular) on their performance, the Mayor made special reference to the fact that the Penzance team hac! succecded in winning the" Frederick Winnicott" Shicld at Plymouth recently.

;\IR.

lDNEY

OOPER,

recently appointed .\l11buJance ecretary of the Torth-Ea tern Area, L. .E.R. uJlon the 5ccrdary, 11r. T. O . 1\Iein, to announce the n.. sui h. Thesc wcre: 1, Parkestollc and Harwich A, _'4()~; 2. Yarmollth, 2381; 3, Bihopsgate B, 227; 4, Cam-

b'-idge A, 218; 5, Printing Works A) 199; 6, Parkestone and IIar\\'ich B, 190; 7, l\Iarch A, 18n. Maximum ! larks 325. IIighest individual was C. Fclgatc, of Parkc~l on and IIarwich with -+-1- marks out of a possible 50. The winning team will compete against the winners of the G.c., C.N. and .E. competitions for the hono u r of representing the L. & N .E .R. in the Inter-Railway fina ls. According to the annual report 36 teams took part in he compctition, the preliminary rOllnd being j uclged by Capt. F . E. Bendix. The Parkes ton and Harwich A team competing represented the Company in the Inter-Railway and the E nglish dnd Scottish competitions last year, and in the latter com-

263

A I D.

petJtJon were successful in winning the Directors' Shield for the third time out of seven competitions. T h e total number of awards granted during 1932/1933 was 1,053, a slight decrease on the previous year, but it is satisfactory to note that the female staff continue to lake up the w ork. The Section has received 164 gold medals for 15 years' efficiency, and 95 bars for 20 years', 37 bars for 25 years', 7 bars for 30 years' and 1 bar for 35 years' efficiency.

G. N . S ECTION . The final ambulance competition of the G. . ectio11 \\'as held on March 22nd at Liverpool Street. This wa the 33rd competition of the series for the Cup presentcd by the Officers of the old Great Northern Company. ix teams, winners of the District competitions competed, the judges being Capt. F. E. Bendix (team) and Dr. Basil tcele (individual). Mr. R. VV. Matthews, president of the Section) presided at the subsequent presentation meeting and announced the results as follows: I, Boston, 238 points; 2, Ardsley, 236~; 3, Welwyn Garden City, 226; 4, King's Cro s Goods, 225; 5, ottingham, 223; 6, Doncaster, 210. The Boston team will therefore repre ent the Section at the Group Competition when the winning teams from thc G.c., G.E. and X.E. compete for the honour of representing the L.X.E.R. in the Inter-Railway Competition. l\I 1'. l\Iatthews in his pre idential peech gave partiCLllars of the Section's work during the past year. These showed a small dec rea e in numbers due mainly to the trading conditions. NIr. \ \T. E. Gage) a porter (Acting Shunter) of Lofthouse had been awarded the Company's Special ;"Ieritorious Award for splendid first aid rendered under exceptional difficulties. Thanks were due to the judge' for their work. to 1\1r. T. Smith) the energetic secretary. to the :"Iedical Officers, District and Class Secretaries and Tn tructors for their untiring effort. :"Ir. :"1atthe\\' specially mentioned Miss Patten den for her good \york OHr a period of many years. The doctors o-a\'e some good advice to the competitor and the proceedings closed with a vote of thanks to the Pre ident. Among tho e pre ent at the procecdings included l\I1'. Barrington vVard, Dr. Ic"J1ahon, Dr. Hopkins, :"1r. T. O. ecretary), CapL \ Y. Goodlcy :\Iein (G.E. Ambulancc (C.E. Ambulance Secretary) and numerou District Secretaries.

---- ,

-- .

- -- - - -

London, Midland and Scottish. The final ambulance competition bet\yeen thc winning Di trict tcams in England and \ Yales will takc place at the Midland Grand Hotel, London, on April 27th, and not April 20th as previously announced. BURNLEY.---JA repre enlative gathering of thc L.l'vl. . Ambulance Centre, together with friends, assembled in the Ambulance Hall, for the distribution of awards. M r. J . Cowlishaw) District Ambulance Secretary) presided and referred to the successes gained by thc Burnley teams in the L.M.S. District Competitions. Mr. Colburn, Corps upt., pre ented the award. Th e Chairman congratulated 111'. C. mith on hi promotion to Co rps O ffice r of the S·rA.B. and also thanked him for the time h c had pent in coaching the Burnley team .

264

FIRST

Mr. Smith proposed vote of thanks to }'1r. Colburn and Mr. G. Knowle seconded. The S. and D. Ambulance Competitions were held 011 March 16th in the Somerset Territorial Drill Hall. 1Ir. G. S. Rider, Bristol) presided and amongst those present were Mr. G. Cole, Gloucester and }'1r. A. H. \Vhitaker, Bristol. The Judge ,,'ere Dr. cott Reid, Bath, and Dr. Finch) Shepton ~Iallet. The Radstock team took first place, Highbridge second, Mid omer Norton third, followed by EYercreech Junction, vVincanton, Well and Templecombe. The indiyidual cup was won by H. J. Miller of the Highbridge tcam. Mr. Rider, in his remark, referred to the progre s of the ambulance movement and expressed the opinion that the S. and D. Line had a good deal of cause for congratulation. He also referred to the cup which had been giYCll by friends at Shepton Mallet for individual competition; this trophy, he considered, should encourage members to perfect their knowledge of first aid. In conclusion, 1\lr. Rider tendered to Mr. Hayes, the District Secretary, on behalf of the teams, their warm appreciation of his work for the ambulance movement on the S. and D. Line. Mr. Whitaker, in making the pre entation of shield and prizes, reminded the competitors that their work ended where the Doctors' commenced and that it wa~ better to aim at being a good ambulance man than a bad doctor. Dr. Finch gave his comments on the result of the tests. MILLHOUSEs.-The av,ards gained by members of the Millhouses Loco. ambulance class were presented to the members by Mr. C. Jones of heffield. Others present were }'Ir. E. K. Carey, Sheffield; Mr. F. Taylor, Sheffield; Mr. VV. B. Carter, Sheffield; Dr. Wrench, Lecturer to the class; Mr. J. Gibson, Div. Supt., S.J.A.B.; E. Matthews, Amb. Officer; H. E. Ansell, Sgt. and Leader of teams; G. \V"aller, Instructor to class; J. Bagshaw, Hon. Secretary, and others. Mr. Jones in presenting the Awards expressed the pleasure it gave him to be able to distribute such a good number to members of the Class who had successfully passed their last examinations, and, after speaking on the good work done by ambulance men) expressed the hope that all the members assembled would continue their keen interest in the work, and also be able to get other servants of the Company to join the class. Mr. Jones then gave the following interesting details of trophies won by the Millhouses L.M.S team in competitions and also duties and drills carried out by members duri~g the past year: Winners of " Sheepbridge" Shield, 1924 and 1930; Runners-up for "Sheepbridge" Shield, 1931; vVinners of " Pilkington" Cup (Chesterfield), 1932; \Vinners of " Duke of Portland's" Shield, 1929 and 1930; \\7inners of " Sembley " Cup at Rotherham, 1933; Winners of " J. Smith" Shield, Sheffield, 1931, 2 and 3; Holders of " Dr. J. Brown's" Cup. During 1933 Public Duties attended numbered 441; Cases dealt with, 377; Drills and Practices, 665. Thanks were also accorded by Mr. Jones to Dr. \\Trench for his kindness in lecturing the class, and wished the },lillhouses members every success in the future. MOREcAMBE.-For the second year Morecambe Promenade Station team won the Cup presented last year by members of the Leeds and Bradford First Oass Coaches. Dr. W. W. MacKinney was the Judge. Mr. F. K. Rodgers of Barrow presided and Commander Barnish, RN.R) of Heysham Harbour made the presentation. Amongst those present \Vere }'1r. J. J. Davies, Morc-

A 10.

April, 1934.

Cct111be Prom.; 1\1r. F. G. T. Adams, of Lancaster; and Dr.

J. \Vilkinsoll, Morecambe.

WARRINGTON.-The distribution of awards to the L.1\I.S. Railway ambulance c1as look place at Carter's Cafe. About 100 members and friends attended a social gathering. After tea an enjoyable concert was given under the chairmanship of Mr. G. R Parker. The awards were di tribllted by Mrs. J. Fallows, who congratulated the recipients on their success) and also Dr. Thomas Rees on the success of the class under his tuition. Mr. Fallows complimented thc competition team on its success in winning the " Carmichael" Cup at Hoylake in the L.M.S. District Competition, and handed the cup to the team captain, },Ir. J. London. Congratulations wcre also accorded },If. E. E. Stubbs. who received a gold medal for completion of 15 years' service, and to 1\1r. E. E. Elli 011, who received the 20 year gold bar. 1\1r. J. A. Orme proposed a vote of thanks to the artists, which wa seconded by 1\1r. J. E. Tewne , and Mr. F. Hodgson propo cd and Mr. J. \Villiamson ecollded , a motion of thank to the Chairman. The proceedings cIa eel with the inging of" ul d Lang Syne."

Southern . The Group Competition have now been completed , and the following teams competed on April 18th, 1934, at Southern House, Cannon treet for the Directors' Challenge Shield and prizes: Bricklayers' Arm, No.1 : 1 ew Cross Gate Ko. 2; \Yaterloo A and B; Ashford Station o. 1; A hford \\"orks A; Horsham No. 1 and 2 : outhampton \Vest No.1; Southampton Docks E; Ilfracombe and Exmouth Junction o. 1. The individual was, as usual, conducted in priYate but the team test was hel d in public. A report of the proceedings together with results, etc., will be included in the 1\1ay issue of this J ouma!.

Hospital

Libraries .

IN according with a resolution pa sed at the International Hospital Congress, 1933, and with resolutions passed respectively in t. George's Hospital and in the London School of IIygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, 1933, a Guild of Hospital Librarians has been formed. At the latter meeting Dame Rachel Crowdy, R . R. C., was in the chair, and was decided that a temporary Business Committee should ~e formed, with Mrs. Roberts as Secretary. ThiS Committee will draw up a draft constitution which will be laid before another meeting of Librarians in London as soon as possible. Members from any part of the world will be heartedly welcomed, and the membership subscription will be one shilling.

---------------------

"TH E PLUMBER « JOURNAL OF HEATIN O,' 18. monthly) is THE paper for all progressive tradesmen -PubllshID~ Office: -46. Cannon Street E.C.-4.

FIRST

Apri l, 1934 .

The Early Days of Diphtheria. IT is a remarkable phenomenon th;;tt diseases seem to arise anew in a country, run their course, change their character, and die out. \Ve have seen the example in our own day of Encephalitis Lethargica. In the middle of the eighteenth century Diphtheria seems to have shown itself in England for the first time, and it is of interest to read John Fothergill's "Account of the Sore Throat attended with Icer ," in which he describes the new disorder. A form of illness attended with "Pain or orene s in the Throat with a Stiffness of the . Teck, an neasines~ on movin it, a~ if a Cord \\'a' twi teel about it, a Difficulty in swallowing and frequently in breathing also, with a disagreeable fetid smell and taste" had shown itself in Italy about 164-0. The f10rid red colour of the uvula and fauces was noticed to give way on the first Jay or the day following to white, ash-coloured, or black. "This was not occasioned by any crust or matter superinduced upon the parts, but proceeded from a gangrenous colliquation of them, the substance itself being mortil1ed. I, rtwas in 1739 that the sudden death of "two children in a tamilv of distinction and of some oth rs near the ~amcJ part of the town, whose complaints had hi D) been of a ore throat," called the attention of physi ian~ to the new disease in England. In addition to symptoms with which we ar no\\' fam i Iiar they noted that on the second day th face, neck, breast, hands and finaer become of a d ep ry i pelatou colou r, the fingers bei ng ti nged in so r markable a man ner that it was po ible to make a diagnosis [rom them. mall pi m pI s were noticed on the arms, breast and lower extremities, but that the cases were not Scarlet Fever is clear from the description of the white plac on the fauces, which became more opaque, and were" really a ~ lough, concealing an lcer of the same Dimensions." It was thought that this was due to the excoriation of the parts by a virulent acrid f1uid. Purgation and bleeding were observed to be of little help; indeed, purging was one of invasive symptoms of the disease, and the heat, restlessness, anxiety, and faintness increased with it. It was noticed that as the illness progressed difficulty of breathing came on, the small remains of lustre in the eye perished, and although no marks of sloughs appeared in the throat, death nevertheless ensued despite warm aromatic cordials, anodyne astringents, suitable nourishment, and vesicatories applied to the neck. These were presumably cases of Laryngeal Diphtheria. Thus a case is described: "About six in the evening she was seized with a difficulty of breathing, as if strangled; those about her raised her up, thinking she was in a fit; she recovered herself a little, but expired upon being laid down in bed, in someI

A I D.

265

what less than twenty-four hours from the first attack. " It was recognised that this form of sore throat chiefly attacked young children . ~loreover, it was noted that in the common sore throat all the symptoms were derived from the local inflammation, whereas in the other, although the throat was always more or less affected, it was sometimes the least part of the patient's com plai n t. There was a greater tendency to delirium observed in sore throat attended with ulcers, but bleeding which was beneficial for the common sore throat was detrimental in this form, and cupping was of no value. The early vomiting was encouraged by giving an infusion of green-tea, camomile flowers, or a few grains of ipecacuanha; if these proved unsuccessful in allaying the symptoms, small draughts of mint-tea with a sixth part of red port added to it were given frequently. The excessive faintness was combated by warm aromatic and stimulating medicines, such as Confectio Raleighana. It was recognised that ulcers in the throat demanded early and constant attention, and the sloughs were regarded as real mortification of the substance of the fauces. Physicians were advised not to attem pt their removal by force or to scrape them off with the finger or instruments, as such procedures had been attended with re-formation of the sloughs penetrating deeper into the tissues. The inte~tinal symptoms were attributed to the discharge of a thin corrosive water discharge from und~r the sloughs, which, if swallowed, inflamed the ?owel. The constant use of stimulating aromatiC gargles was thought to promote its discharge from the mouth. In mild cases a gargle of sagetea with a few rose-leaves added to the infusion was used, but where the symptoms were urgent a Decoctio Pectoralis was used with the add i tion of vll1egar. This was syringed directly on to the sloughs. If the sloughs were large and were cast off slowly, they were touched with ~Iel . ,:Egyptiacum by means of an armed probe. i\Ianagement was thought to have much to do with the patient's chances of recovery, but it was noted that some persons recovered even if this were u nskilful or injurious, whereas, like with small-pox, the "utmost art and experience were too often i nsufficien t to cond uct the d istem per to a happy issue. " John Fothergill realised that the cause of the phenomena was a putrid virus su£ generis introduced by contagion. A ,\,arm regimen was found by experience to be of the most use in such cases, and bleeding, purging and antiphlogistics either preven ted or retarded the discharge of the dan baer. ous secretIOns. I n other words, the I f coolin a b met h 0 d " was wrong, and bark and opium were the ch ief drugs to be used . In K.idderminster, of 242 patients treated by the latter method, only seven died, and of these six had neglected early

FIRST

266

treatment. In \ Vorcester, of 50 patients treated thus, only :20 died, and it is interesting to notice that very few there showed the scarlet efflorescence on the -skin. The physician who treated them used to order first hot steam of a boiling mixture of vinegar, myrrh and honey, to be received into the throat through an inverted funnel. By the sole use of steams he had known the putrefaction to stop in mild cases, but in the more serious forms he laid great score by a decoction of myrrh. He also noted that if, after recovery, the patient were again seized with a fever of a putrid kind, he seldom failed to have this complaint likewise.

A I D.

April, 1954 .

Readers are invited to forward their solution of lhe above, and to the ender of the first correct solution opened, a copy of Dr. N. orbel Fletcher's book" The II istory of the Sl. John Anlbulance Asso.. : iation" will be forwarded. Other bouk prizes will be pre enled to the next three opened. All entries must reach u by ray 7th, addressec.1" ros"word," FIRST AID, -+6, Cannon-str et, London, E. C. 4. LAST l\IONTH'S SOLL'TIOl

Our Crossword Puzzle.

The fir t all-correct ~ulution opel'cd was from 1\) r.. \. Congdon, 6, Rose IIill, t. Blaze), COrll\-\·all. This reader will receivt' a copy of Dr. Flet her' book. The following- three readers will receive a cop)' of Allman' Anatomical ,\tla : l\lrs. de Rougemont, oombe Lodge, Gr at \\'arle), Essex; lr. C. Prior, 1X2, Hi hopsgatl:, London, E . C.2; 1\lis N. L. Trevett, 1, Penhill Roac.1, Lan ing, usscx.

Pioneers of Medicine. HIPPOCRATE -460-370 B. ' .

Down. An acid. 1 An artery. A nerve. 8 A seed. Border of the mouth. 9 Useful in Sprains. + To freeze. 10 An extremity. 5 A stimulant. 12 Conduct. 6 First vertebrae. 13 Vegetable. 7 Lower part of back. H Eye coyering. 8 First s)'mpton of a frac15 Encircling the pupils. lure. 17 - seats. 19 Finer. 11 Whirlpool. 20 Distal segment of the 16 Formed by two bearers' hands. hind limb of vertebrates. 21 Central artery of the body 17 Cures. 24 A rank (abbreviated). 19 Spawn. 25 A joint. 20 Initials of three bones. 28 Opening of the rectum. 22 Phraced. 31 Certain. 23 Cleanse. 32 Initials of three muscles . 24 Ex pansion of the arteries 33 Juice of plants. 26 To swell. 35 Initials of three arteries. 27 Direction. 36 Short for hospital. 29 Midday. 30 Poor. 37 A limb. 38 Obtain. 33 - volatile. 39 No cuts should be this. 3{ Initials of three poisons. Across.

1 2 3

HIPPOCRATES wa the greatest of all physician The contemporary of ophocles, So rate and Plato, he lived at a time when the thenian democracy gave birth to men of genius with amazing prodigality. He was born in the Island of Cos of an Asclepiad family. Hi father, a priest of the Aesculapian Temple at os, tauaht his son the hereditary knowledge of medicine . Hippocrates studied at Athens and travelled extensively, practising medicine in the cities of Thrace, Thessaly and Macedonia. Among his greatest achievements were driving the plaaue from Athens, and relieving Democritus of insanity. The exact date of his death is unknown, but he lived to a ripe old age variously estimated at 85 to 109 years. 1edicine under Hippocrates was separated from religion for the first time in history. Religion was henceforth no longer to serve in the minds of the educated as a cloak for man's ignorance. Not only did Hippocrates separate medicine from religion; he also gave the former certain guiding principles which are as valid to-day as they were in his time. Facts, he taught, are the only authority . They are obtained by accurate observation, and deductions are to be made only from facts.

Apri l, 1954.

FIRST

What had been the art of Aesculapius became the science of lIippocrates. A close and careful observer, he described the symptoms of a disease with the most graphic conciseness. He warned his followers against the dangers of theories unsupported by facts, and made them notice symptoms closely. The works attributed to Hippocrates are numerous, but only about a dozen are now considered authentic. They deal with hygiene, wou nds, fractu res, dislocations, and epidem ics. IIis aphorisms are among the best known of his works. The Physician's Oath, the earliest and most impressive document in medical ethics, is not usu~lly regarded as a genuine Hippocratic writing, hut IS thought to be an ancient Greek Temple oath. This oath is, however, so much in keepin a with the spirit of Hippocrates that it is impossible to dissociate the two . One clause of this Oath runs as follows: "I will follow that system of regimen which according to my abili ty and j ud amen t I consider for the benefit of my patient, and abstain from whatever is deleterious and mi chievous. I will aive no deadly medi ine to anyone if asked, nor ~uggest any such counsel." Anothere;lause reads : ,. With puril:r and with holiness I will pass my life and practl e my art. . . . Intowhatever houses I enter I will 0 into them for the benefit of the sick and will abstain from every \'oluntary act of mischief and corruption . . . . \Vhat ver in connection with my professional practice or not in connection with it I see or hear in the life of man which ouaht not b to be .spoken of abroad, I \\'ill not d i vul bae , as reckon I ng that al I sllch hou ld be kept secret." It is amazing what Hippocrates achieved without any in truments of precision other than his clear and intellectually honest mind. He insisted for tl:e ~r t time on a careful and systematic e, amlnatLOn of the patient before the prescription of any treatment. He tauaht hi followers to note t~1e patient's expression, pulse, tem perature, respiratIon, movements of the body and so on ; and he was probably the first to note the ominous character of that finaering with the bedclothes in which moribu.nd febrile patients often indulge . Hippocrates was familiar with the operations of trep~nning and tapping fluid from the abdomen. Centuries before the time of Pasteur, he recommended aseptic pri n i pIes; in the treatment of wounds, ~or. example, he insisted that they should never be Irrigated except with clean water or wine. ~n the same principle water used for irrigation had eIther to be very pure or else boiled; and the hands and nai ls of the operator had to be cleansed. The treatment recommended by Hippocrates was as simple as it was rational. He believed in assisti~g nature, in fresh air, proper dieting, purgatIon, massage and hydrotherapy . T he modern principles of sanatorium treatment, rest

267

A I D.

and fresh air, were recommended to his consumpt ive patients. He was the first physician to distinguish one disease from another. Previously all sickness had been classed as one great disease, and no significance had been attached to different symptoms. His intellectual honesty was such that he published his failures for the guidance of his followers as freely as he did his successes . The usual portraits of Hippecrates represent an old bearded man. They are probably taken from a bust Aesculapius by Praxiteles.

fetters

the

~ditot',

We are in no way responsible for the opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondents. - EnITOR.

AN APPRECIATION. DEAR SIR,I hasten to thank you for the copy of « The Hi tory of the St. John Ambulance As ociation," of which I am deli~l~ted to learn I am the fortunate winner in your interesting crossword .;ompetition. I, am looking forward with much pleasure to reading Dr. I'letcher's book, and I would also like to record how much pleasure, in truction and interest 1 g-ain from FIRST . \ 11) ; I am going to try and get at least one more reader for you.-Yours truly, ALFRED

FOOT.

Home Serv ice Ambulance Committee. During 1933 no less than 120,3+3 pacients were carried in the H.S.A.C. ambulances, which, according to the fifteenth annual report issued by the Joint Couucil, bring the total number of cases carried since the service started to 1,306,791. The total number of ambulance stations in the country equipped by the Committee i- 153, and in addition 169 ambulances are affiliated to the Sen'ice making 322 in all. Dur~ng the past year 2 stations-Chester-Ie-street and Oxted - ha\'e been equipped, and thirteen old cars replaced by new or re-conditioned cars. The expansion of the demand for invalid transport added to the growth of the number of accident cases due to the vast gro,,·th of road traffic, the work of the ambulances has increased by leaps and bounds. The burden has, however, been accepted and an almost incredible amount of work is cheerfully carried out. First aid sen ice on the roads has not only proved of greatest value but has set up a standard \vhich is now being follo\.ved throughout the world. To develop an efTective ambulance system the report urges the necessity of a definite co-ordination of the \York of the several senlces in the country so that there should be no overlapping-. During the past year there was, unfortunately, a greater number of accidents in which ambulances themselve ,,'ere involved. It is hoped that this year claims in this direction will be reduced to a minimum. The lobile X-ray Unit has shown a considerable increase of usefulness during the past year and the Committee has every reason to feel atisfied that the expense incurred has been justified by the result. Also included in the report is a table sho\\'i11O- the number of patients carried in the various countie ~ and other information of interest to members.

268

April, 1934 .

AID .

FIR S T

Our Nurses' Pages. COMPILED

AMBULANCE 3'

CA:\lPS FOR J\lDIBERS OF Nl'Rsrt-:G DI\'TSIONS OF TilE DRIGADE. -A the camp held last year pro\'ed to be such a ~uccess, it has been decided to hold two more this year, one 111 the South and the other in the North of Eng-land. At the time of going to press, full particulars are < not forthcom ing, but the following nOle~ will probably be of intere t. It is hoped to hold the Southern Camp for ten da)s from Augu t 17th to 27th, at Herne Bay College. It was there that the camp was held last year, and those who attended it will reme~11ber with pleasure the delightful grounds and large plaYing fields of the college ",here lectures were often held in the heat, and \vhich were delightfully shady and restful in off-duty hours. The Northern Camp will probably be held this year at Rossall School, near Blackpool, from August 4th to 11 tho This is a large Public School with extensive playing fields, situated dose to the sea between Bh.ckpool and Fleetwood. As it is realised that many members attendincr the camps wi h to make their stay a holiday as well as a ;eriod for increasing their knowledge, plenty of tree time will be arranged so that mem bers can follo\\' their o\vn pleasu res. Part of each day, of course, ,,,ill be given O\'er to lectures and practical \'\'ork. No.1 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.-The preliminary round of the District Competitions is now o\'er, and each Area has its representati\'es ready for the District Finals to be held at the Jortha mpton Institute, St. John's-street, London on April 28th, at 2.30 p.m. ' The competitions can be witnessed by anyone who cares to attend, and all women members vf the Bri U'ade in the District shoul d attempt to do so, whether their Di\'ision has a team entering or not, Apart from the great interest which one cannot help feeling in the tests, there is always much to learn from the work of the competitors in First Aid, Home Nursing, Improvisation, Bedmaking, and also in Company Drill and Stretcher \Vork as carried out by Nursing Divisions of the Brigade. Teams from the following Nursing Divisions will compete in the Finals : ;,IacFadden Cup (First Aid and Home Nursing). ~orthern. Area, Hampstead; Southern Area, East Croydon and Addlscombe; Central Area, Temple; Eastern Area, East Ham; \Vestern Area, Acton. Brooks Cup (Drill and Stretcher 'Work).- lorthern Area, Finchley and Southgate; Southern Area, East Croydon and Addiscombe; Central Area, Toynbee Hall; Eastern Area, East Ham; \Vestern Area, Ealing. l\1ountg-arret Cup (Bed making). - Northern Area, Hampstead; Southern Area, East Croydon and Addiscombe; Central Area, Civil Service; Eastern Area, West Ham; Western Area, Craig's Court. The District Competition for the Nursing Bowl, competed for by indidual members in the District, has been won for the third time, and the second time in succession by Ambl:lance . ~i~ter fiss~. G. Parry, of No. 15 (Ilf~rd) Nursmg DIVISiOn. She LS to be congratulated on once a~ain being placed first in this competition. The trophy will be presented to her at the District Finals. This is the fourth year that the Nursing Bowl has been won by a member of the Eastern Area. The Sub-Prior of the Order 1 Lord Scarborough, who is

•

April, 1934 .

FIRST

Nursing Cadets. Nurse Gaskin's Memorial Shield Co mpetition.-1, Holbrook, 194; 2, Coventry City, 175. In view of a technical detail in regard to team leadership, the runners-up, Binley, will compete in the District F inals at Leicester, but the Three Spires team was declared to be the winner of the Major Orton Shield,

SISTER.

Chairman of the London Clinic which i. run by the Order, recently expressed a wish that the mcmbers of Nursing Divisions in No.1 Di trict hould assi~t in the ward and \'arious departments of the Clinic. It was therefore arranged that each of the fi\'e area hOlild undertake to send members on one particular \\'eek-da} of each week, aturdays not being included. This ha been done, and the duties which hn\'e been easily co\'ered, are pro\"ing of great interest to all who undertake them. At the Annual In pcction to be held in Hyde Park on June 9th, the member of the ur. ing- Divisions will this year be included in the :'Ilarch Past for the lir t tim. \Vhile the men are being- inspected, the nurse will he allowed to rest, and tho e who cannot or \\'ho ar unable to march, will fall out. Those remaining \\ ill then fO"m up in fours for the :'Ilarch Past. As it is the first occa ion on which memhers of the I ursing Di\'isions ha\'e been included in thi.., part of the ceremony, it is hoped that they will do them, el\es credit. EASTERN AREA.--The competition 10 decide whi ch Di\'isions shall represent the Area in the Di -triet Finals for the Brooks and :'Ilountgarret Cup on April 28th \\ ere h Id at Latham Road chools, East Ham, on :'Ilarch 17th. For the Brook Cup onI~ two teams nter d, beingjudged by Di trict OOlcer Bower and Lady Ditri ct OrTicer Miss Curti. The results \\'ere :-1, Ea t H <llll, 166 marks: 2, West Ham, 1-+9 ~. Se\'en teams e~tered for bedmaking in th :'IIountgarret Cup competition, these being judged by Lady Ditrict l)nicer Nliss \\Talker, who required a h d prepared for the reception of a patient who had just undergone an operation for appendicitis. In this test, 'Vest Ham gained 1 t pia e \\'ith 68t marks, and East Ham 2nd place with 65~. Assistant Commissioner Capl. Kendall thanked the judges for their services, especially mentioning :',li s \\Talker who at the last minute had taken the place of Lady District Supt. Miss Rideout , the latter heing una\'oidably prc\'cnted from attending. The Commissioner, Capt. \V. Goodley, I.e., congratulated the winners, and expressed the hope f hat next year would see more entries from the Di\'isions of the ;\rc~ fl)r the competitions. No. 3 DISTRICT, S. J. A. B. VVARWICK COUNTY COMPETTTIONS.-These c0l11pelttJ0ns were held at CO\'e ntry on ;\larch 24th, the awards being afterwards presented by 1ajor Orton, Commis ioner of the District. I n the team test open to women mem bers of the Brigade in the county, a scalded child had to be treated, and also an elderly woman who had fallen down on a frosty road and had sustained a fracture of the femur. Part of the Drill Hall, where the competitions were held, had been transformed into a miniature hospital, where competitors had to demonstrate their ability to receive and nurse emergency cases of illness and accident. The resul (s of the tests were :Nurses.-Major Orton Shield Competition. - 1, Three Spires, Coventry, 321 marlq;; 2, Binley, 300; 3, FoJeshil1 ~nd Longford, 270l ; 4, Rugby, 269~.

No. -+ DISTRICT, S.J,A.B. PRESTON CORP5.-There was a large attendance of members of the Nursing Divisions of the Preston Corps at the Headquarters on Tuesday evening, March 21st, when \lrs, H. Riddle, Vice-President, presented certificates and ot her awards. The chair was taken by the Corps Surgeon, Alderman Dr. T. H. C. Derham, and he was supported by Di\,. Su n~eon N. Riddell, Corps upt. l'lillington, Lady Corps I.) upt. :'I1rs. How lrd, and orps Secretary]. ,\. Lendrum. The chairman complimented the Di\'isions on thei r ma n) SlIcc('sse in open competition. TO. 5. DfSTICT, .].A.B. I'ALDT:\G NCR51 G D1\·1510:-:. - 0n \\Tedne day evening, "larch 28th, a most interesting and instructi\'e lecture was " i\en at the Di\ iional Hcauquarters to members of the Di\ i ' ion, and those of the Ambulance Di\·isioll who \\'e re ' nvited to attend, the lecturer being Lady Div. urgeon Dr. Est her ,\sh\\ orth, and her subject" Germ and \\'hat They \re ... Dr. .\ h\\'orth g-m e an e:-.planation of germ life, their \'arious shapes and formation, how they could be distint:'uishcd by difTerellt laining agents; a description of a nthrax anJ tetanu bacilli, of antinomycosis (wooden tongue) and how these animal dis asc are passed on to man; If bncillu c Ii coml1lllni<;, alway present in the human ody and found in 1110 t drinking waters, an exce s of which has to be teted for and guarded against in all water rescrvoirs; of the malarin g-erm, and how it i carried by l1lo~q Llitoe , tlte female of \\ hich being the one that bites; f the inlluenza bacillu,>, the smallest and lighte t germ \' hieh Iloat about in the air eeking a suitable restingplace; (If the dirreren e between sleepy nnd sleeping sickncs' ; of th cultivation of germs in suitable media; of the hlrmation vf anti-toxin.:> ; and vaccines and their uses. The lecture was illustrated by thirty lantern slides. .\ \ ote of thanks to Dr. Ashworth was proposed by Di\·. upt. ,\. H. :'IlolsOIl, and seconded by Lady Di\" Supt. 1iss H. B. Han·ey. DE\'ON V.A. D. CO:\IPETITTONS. - The competitions organised by the British Red Cross Society for teams from ' .. \. D.' in Devon County were held on larch 21st at :x.eter. The judges wcr Dr. Richard Gray (First Aid, Team rest), Sister Cowie (Home Nursing, Team Test), Dr. A. B. '. Carter (First id, Indi\'idual), Miss D, 1\1. 1. Haughton Home Nursing, Individual), and 1iss lann (Cooking). The tests resulted in a win for Exeter (Devon 52), to ... hom Lady helley presented the Mason Cup, congratulatng them on their victory. She also expressed the hope that they would have further uccesses, and bring the All-England Trophy to the "Vest for the first time. Lady Shelley aid she hoped ~hat the trophies would serve as an inspiraion to the unsuccessful teams to qualify for similar marks of distinction next year. The judges each gave a report of the work of the comnetilors. Dr. Carter congratulated them on the very good standa rd attained, and said it promised well for the future. Miss Haughton said that although she had marked l'xtremely severely, the standard had been high,

A I D .

269

Dr. Gray said there had not been a great deal of difference belween the teams, all of which were quite good. Sister Cowie 'Ilentioned that the work had been quite good on the whole. l\1iss Mann's report on the cooking testified that all the cooks had sho\\'n quickness and smartness in getting to work. At the conclusion, votes of thanks were accorded to all who had helped at the competitions. Service medals and clasps were presented to the folIo\\,ing :-Misses Tweedy and Clutton (Torquay Division), ;\1rs. Cox and Miss Holloway (Ashburton), 1\lr5. Sandall (Honiton), and Iiss Hole (Devon 82). AMBULANCE TRAGE[)Y.-The funeral took place on Saturday, March 24th, of Nurse Ivy \Voodward, who was killed in the collision between an am bulance and horse-box on the pre\'ious Wednesday near St. Ives, Hunts. Owing to the serious illness of her mother, the body \vas taken back to London on the Friday night to the private mortuary of the undertaker. Only two sisters, a brother-inlaw, and three close friend followed ,vhen the cortege left at 11 a. m. through the busy moving traffic, passing almost unnoticed to Streatham Vale Cemetery. Amongst the many beautiful wreaths were those from The Home Service Ambulance Committee of the Order of St. ] ohn and the British Red Cross Society, the I\urses' Cooperation, the I\ursing Home of Queen Anne's Gate, and the \\Testmin ter College. About 50 friends gathfred at the gra\'eside to pay their last tribute Lo one whose end had come so suddenly. Items (Di \ isional news and competition!:, social, interesting duties, lectures, etc,), for this page should be sent to Ambulance SiSler, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon SI., London, Kc'4.

" Daily Mail" Ideal Home Exhibition . TIlE eighteenth Da£ly ilIad Ideal Home Exhibition is now open at the Olympia, London. The closing date is April 28th, and readers who are interested in home life will find much to interest them. Of outstanding interest is the "Staybrite City," which reveals the decorative value and domestic possibilities of this newly invented noncorrosive British steel. Other features include New Rooms for Old, Fashion Pageant, in addition to specimen houses in The Village of To-morrow and the beautiful gardens. Among the exhibitors we find numerous hospitals, including Guy's, St. Bartholomew's, St. George's, etc.; organisations such as King Edward's Hospital Fund for London and London Association for the Blind also have stands. On Stand 385 (Messrs. British Books, Ltd., of 86, Strand, ';V . C.2), is displayed the well-known and magnificent 'c Golden Health Library, " and other works for which this firm are famed. Other book publishers include The \ ;Vaverley Book Co. (96, Farringdon-street, London, E.C.4) and Messrs. Virtue & Co., Ltd. (19/21, Thavies Inn, Holborn Circus, London, E.C.1), publishers of the" Household Physician." Space will not permit our giving full details, but readers should remember that there is still a week in which to visit the Exhibition.

270

FIR S T

A I D.

April, 1934.

FIR S T

AID.

271

--------------------------------------------

Sritish ~ed eross News. At the County of London Headquarters on Saturday, l\larch 17th, three teams competed for the " ~orthcote" Shield; Erith and Beh'edere detachment was ~galn surc~ sful in retaining the shield for the eventh year 111 sucres IOn. The competition wa open to all men's detachments attached to the County of London, the winners entering the fir t round of the" Stanley" Shield competition. The uniform inspection was takf'n by General Collins ( ountyof London Director), and the foll~wing- were the judo-es in first aid: Oral, Dr. Cooper; practical, Dr. \Vood ; tea;; test, Dr. Stratford. . The team test \\'as that of an aeroplane which made a false landing at an aerodrome where exhibition flights were being given. Two spectators. we~e struck, one \V~ found suffering from a fractured splne ]\1 the dorsal ref?lOn, ~nd the other had a compound fracture of the left arm Involvl!lg the elbow joint with arterial bleeding and cuts about the chin, cheek and neck. The marks CTained were: 1, Detachment L / 29, 879 ; 2, Detachment L / 59, 753; 3, Detachment L / 57, 579. There \\'as a large cro"'d at Castle Green, Hereford, on

Ir. M. J. 'l elhui h (Commandant) welcomed the guest and acknowledg-ed help rccci\'ed frol11 1r. E. C. Burt (Commandant of the Godalming Detachment), and from a splendid body of 'workers and oth~r friend::; who helped them to get money for uniform and eqUipment. lIe ~lso spoke ot indebtednes to lr. A. Visick, Dr. B. E. G. Batley, and Dr. H. Seaward l\lorley, and pointed out that incc last i\UgU t member had put in 12~ hours' work on accidents and road service had attended n arly 40 ca ualtie on the road,> and el e\Vh~re, attended 26 men injured on the football field, and had manned the Pet worth police ambulance on eigh t occasions. One lady had kindly offered the usc of her car t{) take ambulance men to accident ca es, and he <lppealed 1\1 other car owners for help in that way. 1\1r. Burt th3n distributed the certificate,> to I11CI1 \\ hn had pa ed the home nursing- examin·ttiol1, and appealed 10 young men to join the detachment.

E PEN DAB L

A S

A N

u S

Following the public meeting held at the E~1ll0n10I Town Hall in February, and as a re ull of the me tlng hel d recently in the Baptist Primary chool, definite ' tel" han been taken to ensure the formation of an Edmonton branc h of the B.R.C.S. 1\lr. T. J. Fordham pre~ided, supported by Lady Eustace Percy, Lady S} mond , deputy president ( liddlesex), and l\Iis. Furst, .\ssi tant Counly ccrl'lar,\ ( liddlesex).

The INVESTMENT ANGLE zn the purchase oj an Amblllance L. 29 Detachment B. R. C. S. winners of the" N orthcote " Shield tor the seventh year in succession. Saturday, March 31st, wben a ne,,: ambulance purchased by the Herefordshire Red Cross Society was dedicated by the Bishop of Hereford. To illustrate progress in design, all the ambulan~e.s.used at Hereford and Leominster since 1924 were on exhlbltlOn. Colonel H. F. Lea, D. S. O. (County Director), said that to-day the ambulance service was within reach of everybody in the county. A service was conducted by the Rev. H. Hodgson, of Lugwardine, the ?an~ of the Herefordshire Regiment accompanying the smg1l1g of hymns. Firmly established as a going concern, Midhurst Men's Detachment of the B. R. C. S. has accor:n plis.hed ~ l?t of useful work and as recognition of help recelved 111 ralsmg money, &c., the members gave a social in the Parish Room recentl~, and invited about 60 guests, among whom were their colleagues in the Women's ..,v.A . D.

The proceedings commenced \\lith the appointment ot Mr. T. J. Fordham, president; lr. F. Fernee, secretar) ; and Mr. Thomas (of Barclay'S Bank) as treasurer. After a general diSCUSSion a committee was appointed to arrange a course of lectures on " First Aid" and" HOt11 l Nursing" to be commenced in the autumn. With a view to forming a nucleus of an Edmontoli V.A. D., any man holding a first-aid certificate, or any lad) holding a first aid and home nursing certificate, is invited to communicate with Mr. F. Fernee, 4, Arthur-road, N. 9.

The protection of the civil population from the efr~ ct" of aerial gas warfare, formed the basis of an interestin g address given by Dr. W. Walker, M.C., Div. Surgeon of the Tynemouth Borough S.].A . B. Divi ion. in the new Masonic Hall, North Shields, on March 6th.

The purchaser of a private car will probably wish for a change of model wi thin a few years. The buyers of an ambulance, on the other hand, must insist on a vehicle which will render many years of unfailing service. Their purchase must be an investment. That is the reason why they set such store by the enviable reputation enjoyed by the range of Austin ambulances. Years of specialised

knowledge in this highly individual branch of motor construction have enabled Austin to produce vehicles which have proved themselves capable of a very high standard of exacting service. And this is continuously demanded by those authorities in whose districts work is the heaviest in the country. Illustrated literature will be sent on application from responsible persons.

THE AUSTIN HANDARD 20 H.P. 6-CYLINDER SPECIAL LOW-lOADING AMBULANCE (as illustrated) £710 . (Cha~sis, £385 .) Private Salo:m 20 h.p. A1!lbulance on special low-loading chae~is, £785. (Ch'.lssis, £385.) Standard 16 h.p. 6-cylmder Ambulance, £462 lOs.

(ChasSIS, £226.) Standard 12 h.p. 4-cY/zlZder Ambulance, body and interior similar to 16 h.p. model, £426 lOs . (Chassis, £190.)

SPECIFICATION O F 20 H.P. MODEL: Length overall I?' 6"; width overall 5' 9". Interior dimensiom: length 7' 11 "; 'l.oidth 5' 2". Low-loadinfJ. body with framework of b~st !lnglish ash an~ oak) all jo :nts leadzd. Aluminium panelling. Upholstery English leC1:ther. <':!lr LUnnelfor reg1:llate~ ver:tzlatlOll. Hydraultc shock absorbers front alld rear. Engil/e (R.A.C. ratillg) 23.5 h.p. Etght-bearzng crankshaft wah vzbratzon dal'nper. Gearbox, four-speed and reverse. IS-gallon petrol lank. 12-volt electric lighting alld starting. Triplex glass throughout. THE

AUSTIN

MOTOR

COM PANY

LI M ITED,

BIRMI N GH A M.

SHOWR OOMS:

479-483,

OXFORD

STREET,

LONDON,

W.l

FIRST

2i2

~ueries

and J\nswet's eOt't'espondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules:1. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left band corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4. 2 -All Queries must be accompanied by a I I Query Coupon" (ut from the current issue ot the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue. 3· - The Textbook, to which refe. ence may be made in tbis colLmn is the 38th 1I928) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.

TREATME 'T OF TAR SCALDS. T. S. (\Vestminster). - l ,,-as interested to read your remarks on Tar Scalds on p. 246 of the larch issue. In our own I.C.I. handbook on first aid I have included the following note. I think this may interest you, as it was inserted as the result of bitter experience. ".Yote.-Tar burns mu t a~\\'ays be treated as a special injury and referred to the works doctor. A man may die from carbol ic acid poisoning- by absorption from a superficial tar burn no bigg-er than a saucer, carbolic acid being a deriyative of tar." Many thanks for your letter, which is most interesting, as is your" note" emphasising what in our Textbook is a first principle. Incidentally, is your term "tar burns" strictly correct?- . CORBET FLETCHER.

EXAiI1I~ATION

HOWLER.

B.S. (Victoria).-In a recent examination the doctor asked a member of our class to describe the appearance ~f a varicose \·ein. The candidate prom ply replied: "A varicose 'lIez'n is a diluted 'vein." Good!

Next, please! !-N.C.F.

TREADIENT OF LYSOL POISONING. N.vV. (Cardiff).-The Textbook recommends us to administer Epsom or Glauber Salts in the treatment of Lysol Poisoning. Please explain the action of these remedies. Lysol and Carbolic Acid belong to the same series of poisons. Theoretically the sulphate contained in Epsom or Glauber Salts combines with the carbolic element in Lysol and Carbolic Acid to Rive a harmless salt. As, however, I have a scar on my hand caused by a combination of Carbolic Acid and its reputed antidote (Epsom Salts), I ;have good reason for doubting the practical value of the supposed neutral ising agent. - N. C. F.

A I D.

April , 19.34

treated a series of cases of Fractured Spine during the pa t year or so. From his explanations I gathered (1) that th l class of Fractured Spine for which removal on the face is now recommended i <I. development of these modern times (2) that it usually takes place when an individual who is seated (for example, in a motor car) and has his lower limbs xtended and fixed against a seat or other support-is jerked violently fOf\\"ard and doubled up by the impact of another car; (3) that it is known as a "crush fracture" 01 the pine, because the bodies of the vertebrc:c are crushea together. 'While this surg-eon urged the nee ssityof removal 0 11 the face with a pillow or folded coat placed against th l abdomen opposite to the side of injury in every case 01 suspected Fracture of the Spine due to this cause, hl admitted that all his cases of crush fractures had bee I carried on their backs into hospital without aggra\'ation c their injuries; and that, in hi opinion, the patient wh l\ fractures his spine as the re ult of falling from a height 0 his back could with perfect afety be removed on hi back tl sh Iter. These facts support the views which I have several tim e expressed in this column, n3.mely that the Te'l:tbook R \'isi L1Il Committee, in my opinion, are fully ju tilled in their r fU '>it l to alter at present the instructions for Transport of Fracture ' Spine; and that a textbook written for lirt aid r ' of a\'erng ' abilities should not accept and tc<teh radical ch<1llgcs . I treatment until such han! been fullv e tabli hed b\ furth l experience.-N. C. F. -

2i3

A I D.

DOCTORS UNITE

in producing this 'Vfol"onderful

ENCYCLOP~DIA OF HEALTH We ask everyone who realises the enormous advances in modern medicine and hygienic knowledge made in the last few years to SEND NOW for our FREE booket. This explains the GOLDEN HEALTH teaching on Sex, Hygiene, Baths, Vitamins, Exercises, Food, Rest, the lengthening of the active years, the prevention of can cer, constipation, influenza, and appendicitis, etc. The GOLDEN HEALTH LIBRARY complete will cost you less than one consultation with a physician.

HARLEY STREET IN YOUR HOME .

CSE OF BLUE B.\G.

The blue ba('" is u eful hecau e it contain alkalies ( f which bicarbonate of oda i it chief cnn liluent. Th e ,,"ill be more effective in action when moistened with wa tl r than when applied dry to the injured part. - N. . F.

Edited by SIR WM. ARBUTHNOT LANE, F.R. O.S. lhe O,.eatest Book on Health in Get it a t once.

ALL FO ~ 2d. A DAY

EVERY

A FEW

HUMOCHS OF' FIRST .\((). D. B.,

A. P., fEATIIERSTO 'E. " I t is a work that no household can really afford to be without. I wish the • Golden HaIth Library' an extensive sale for the benefit of the country."

The patient always loses cC'nsciousness in only one con d'tion among the many causes of Insensibility which are na01 cC in the Textbook; and that condition is Epilepsy. In all the other conditions he may be more or less unconscious. Consequently, with a Fractured Base the patient may be fu Jly conscious or completely unconscious .- N.C.F.

"1 am d ·Ii<yhtcd WIth the • Golden Health Library,' they ar~"" ~plendid and \\'ill gi\'e me much pleasure. " H.:\1.,

A.H., Ll.MERICK. " I recei\'ed your books, 'Golden Health Library,' ome few days ago. I am delighted with them."

Tho u s and s of Re liable P re scri ption s I T h e Doctor in Yo ur Hom e Ad v isi n g You. Every Sim pl e Ailm e n t of th ~ F amily Trea t ed .

INVEST

GOOD

NOW FOR HEALTH.

W rite TO g DA Y fo r o ur SP E CI A L OFFE R and TE RMS.

Wo,.id.

I t is In t he Go lden Hea lth Library. WR I TTEN

LIVING

SPECIALISTS.

J.J., NE\\" CROSS.

Many thanks for letter and cutting. Similar stori s have been told ""ith reference to other famous surgeons. N.C.F.

E. N. (PeJlarth). - Please tell llS if a patient suffering fr0111 Fractured Base of Skull is always unconscious.

the

APPRECIATIONS.

.\~IBRIDGE.

TE\' E ON. •. I recein?d thc • Golden Health Library' and am v ry pleased with them, they are a wonderful wO.rk and !:>hould be in every household where the famIly health is considered."

FRACTURE OF BASE OF SKUL~

WO R D

RECENT

A.J. (Southend). - I enclose a rather humourou new par' cutting that may be of interest to readers of 1, II~ST . \ 11 It is taken from the life story of the lat ir Robl. J ones, who was, without doubt, the finest orthopCl'd l surgeon of his day. " He was completely \·anity-proof. At the zeni . of his fame, he was walking 1lome one day when he s.\ a crowd gathered round a man lying- on the pa\'cm e with a broken leg. He was starting to set the lin ' with borro,ved walking-<;tick and handkerchiefs, wh L 1 a man touched the attendant policeman on the sLouldlr and said, • I've had first-aid lessons.' . , I Right!' replied the constable, turning to Robert. 'Stand back, sir, please. Here's a propl r first-aid man! ' "

S. C. (Hull). - In our class recently the statement was made

RecenLl) I discussed this problem with a surgeon who s on the staff of a well-known London hospital and has

100

N.C. (Finchley). - Plcase tell me why the Textbook 011 p 131 tells us 10 use a wet blul' bag for tings of Pla nt and Insects.

TRANSPORT OF FRACTURED SPINE. that the Textbook is out of date in its instructions for Transport of Fractured Spine. In these circumstances I shall be obliged if you will tell us why the Textbook is considered by some surgeons to be incorract on this point.

FIRST

April, 1934.

,. I shall be a doctor soon instead of a First Aid man, thanks to your books."

J. S., BEITII. "Thanking you for the delivery of the • Golden Health Library:' I consider it to be a real health guide alld appreciate the effort of all concerned to place before the people such a valuable work." E.C., DUNGANNO T. "I have duly received the • Golden Health Library' and am well pleased with them. There is full knowledge of everything desired." J.F.,IN\·ER 'ESS. ,. I haye received the 'Golden Health Library' and must say that I am delighted with the books."

.- - - --- -- - ---- -- - -- - - - ----

POST

COUPON

TO-DAY.

BRITISH BOOKS LTD. , 86, STRA ND, LO N DO N, W .C. 2 .

Please send me

without cost or obligation to order anything 8· page

I prospectus, wh ch tells al\ about this wonderful GOLDEN HEALTH-your special offer.

Name ......... ...................... ... ... ............................ ........................ .. Address ...... . . ... . .................. ... .. . . . ...... ............... ... ... .. .............. . . .... ..

Date.. ........... .. ...... .... .. ... ... .....................

F.A.I72.

FIRST

274 FRACTURED FEillUR WITH

allowed to rea h the child ? " Ans\yer: "To its neck" Examiner: " How arc yO Ll goi n g to get the he ight of water to its neck if the ch ild is standing up? " Answer: " eyer thoughl of that." Candidate went on to ay that he would treat for shock . Examiner: "\Vho, .child or mother? " Answer: "The mother, who111 I would tell not to get ('xci ted. " (Coll apse of Examiner).

\VO UND .

H. . ( tratford).-l shall be extremely obliged if you will settle the following diffi culty which arose while w e were practising for a Competition Team Te t. Th e case was a Simple Fracture of the Femur in the middle of the shaft, and, on the same leg, a large wound at the back of the knee accompanied by arterial h<:el11orrhage. \Vhi ch of the two follow in g methods is the correct one for the purpose of arresting h <:emorrhage previous to dressing- the wound? (1) Digital pre ure on the groin followed by a tourniquet on pressure point 11, and t hen by the usual treatment of the wound. (2) Digital pres ure on the groin (pressure point 10) until the wound i dre sed, etc., and no tourniquet. If the latter method is correct, should hremorrhage re-occur later, would the relays of as i tants on the groin be correct during transp·ort on the tretcher and ambulance. Digital compression on the femora l artery is no e~sy job. Ind eed, it was recently stated at a public meeting that very few first aiders can locate and com press this artery. Personally, I wonder how many doctors in general practice at the outset of their treatment would bungle this iob, especial ly if they had not kept up their practical knowledge by teaching first aid. If it is to be done by relays of assistants, then the difficulties are enormously increased, although I know that even this has been accomplished by first aiders. Consequently, I favour your first method . Further, if circumstances compelled you to adopt your second method, then you would have to rely (as you suggest) on relays of efficient assistants.-N. C. F.

DEFER\'ESCE TeE I T MEASLES.

E. T. (Becc1es) . -Please explain the following- paragraph

April, 1934.

A I D.

Many thank for your lelter and) our series of II o\\'lers. At first I was tempted to Jividc them up and to u e them one by one in future issues of FIRST AID. On second thou~hts, I decided that sudl action would ruin the series. By the way, you forgot to tell u what position in the cnmpetition was taken by the learn of which this ingenuous candidate wa a member. N . . F.

RE;\10\'AL FROIl!

L.]. (Barnsley) .- \\'hile practising for a competition our team had the following te t before them: " Thi man is working in a narrow cutti nt.:" of a mine which mea ures 3 ft. 6 in. high, -+ ft. wid~ and b yds . long, when, being overcome by noxious fume,>, he falls on to his face inlo ollle foul melling water ahout -+ in. deep. He sustains no injuries, but his breathing is suspended. Nos. 3 and -+ Bearers arc reque ted to remove him out of the narro\\ culling 11) ;\l). 3 Exercise. " \N e shall appreciate your opinions <10:, to \\ hether, after taking precautinJ1 ag-ainst the foul air as far as they are concerned, the Bearers should remove the patient face dowJ1wards or turn him face upwards and remove in lhis position. In the circumslances named, 1 favour turning- p,llient on his back and removing frolll cutting 'I face UP\\ ard:-.." .C.F.

" Defervescence" refers to the stage of the illness, as is clearly defined on p. 150, while the other part of the sentence refers to the rate of fall of temperature . Consequently there is no contradiction in the sentence. -N . C. F.

HARLSTON and Di trict .\mbulance A "ocialion ] ndividual and Shield Competition. The 10th .\nnual Open Competition \\'ill be held on Saturda), ~lay 12th, 1tJ.H, \\ hl J1 a Shield and valuable pri/es will be ginn to 1sl, 2nd ancl 3rd teams, also four individual prizes. For further particulars apply to lr. C. Sidwell, seer tar)" 3, Fair Vie\\', Sharlston Common, Wakefleld.

HOWLERS.

]. R. (Liverpool) .-For many years you ha\"e amused us w ith a long list of Examination Howlers. Herewith I send you a whole series of Howlers which were perpetrated one after the other, by a cand id ate at a competition recently held in Liverpool. You may make whatever use you like of them. Examiner: "How would you treat a child in convulsions? " Answer: "I would stand the kid up in the bath and tell the old girl to fi 11 the bath." Ex~m iner : " What sort of water? " Answer: "Hot." Examiner: " H ow would you know that it was at the correct heat? " Answer: "Ask the kid." Examiner: "What height do you think the child is? " Answer: " About two years of age." Examiner: "\Vbat height is a bath?" Answer: "Same as any other." Examiner: " T o what height wou ld the water be

Send P. C. fIJr P,..ice List and Self·measurement I'IJrms.

THORNTON

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

24~

co.,

Commerolal St., BRIGHOUSE.

GUIDE

AMBULANCE MOVEMENT,

, TIliI 600i w(lIItUrjtlll" si",pli/£u a eo",puJr 1.6;,el a,.d sM.1d 6, r,ad hfI all

IttltU"t,. "-L. A: N.W. Rv. GAZETTE. EFFIOI~NOV

FIRaT-AID.

Post free, II. ad.

Third Edition .

Proble.s III Inldy, Ir •• , ••• , Ind Bumlnatlol s.lnd tlr lenlor Itadell!s " Wlt"otli dotl"t tlu 6,111 will 6, 01 L",at IInJie, ill tlu t"ai"i"r O/IMII fo" w"o", it il tUlil,,'d. "-BRITISH MEDICAL J OO.NAL.

COMMON

ERROPII

Second Editon.

FIRST-AID.

Post free, II. 2d.

Brrors 10 Plrst.Ald Detailed Ind IIxplaloed.

• 7 "is 600k .troll a el,ar.,.. illsi{r"t i,.lo llu m,tlwds a,.d diffie.ltiu OJ ,m,rr,,.e,

t",al"",.16" laym,,. tha,. tlu otJicial T'JrtOOOR illllf."-LANCET.

OOMPETITION

TEST8

(Stretcher) Individu al aud Question-Six Folders). Price 64. each net, post, lid Each Folder contains special article on Competitions :-No. I, Training of Com· petition Teams; No.2, Condnct of Team in Competition Room; NO.3, Common Errors in Competition; NO.4, Further Errors In Treatment; NO.5, History of Competition Tests; No.6, Preparation of Tests.

WHY

AND

WHEREFORE

FIR.T-AID.

Price II. ~d •• post free.

Fifth Edition.

"w, co",,,,,,.d tllil oook to Llettlr,,,, a,.d Si'ltu"t, wh(l will fi_d it ,/ p,al IInJU,. "-FI.ST AID.

N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.A., M.B

HINTa

M.R.C.S.

etAs a work of referen ce, the book will be excremely useful and should be in the library of all amhulance workers. "-FIRST 10.

Prlce, 3/6; post tree, 4/~. THE

HOME-NUR.INQ.

DlfllcaltlOi II Study Ind 'Ireatmont lohed by Qaoatloa Illd Allner.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, St. John's Gate, LONDON, E.C.I.

FOR

H08PITAL

ORDERLIEa.

Post fr'le , 8d.

Orderl, Duties !llmpJUled aad Tabalated, wltb ASds t • • 01l0ry. A ",/ut co",paet o"oe".", . . eOllta;II' ",.eh tlujtll i"toNHlltioll ... -P.ESCRIBE

FIRBT AID.

I\lustrated by 50 diagrams In Colonrs with Explanatory Letterpress. By Sir JAMBS CANTLlB, K.B .E., LL.D., M.A., M.B. C.M., F.R.C.S., D . P.H .R.C.P. 7'd. net; post free.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES. Mounted on Canvas, Roller top and bottom. 25.5 . net each. Post, IS. I. Hnman Skeleton, front view. 2, Muscles, front view. 3. Hnman Skeleton back view Mnscles, back view. S. The Heart and principal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of t e Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (B). 8. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (D). 10. The Nervons System. II. Schematic diagram of Circnlatlon (2. The Human Ear. 13 The Human Eye. 14. Median Section throngh Skin IS. Median Section throngh Head.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS.

l ~IFORMS & EOUIPMENT. "'"

Male, 80S. net.

Female, 80S. net.

Carriage 2s.

With Foetus, 85S. net.

book that is selling by the hundl'ed.

ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES.

PLEASE SEND FOR PRICE LISTS.

Their Signs, Symptoms and" First Aid" Treatment. An Ideal Memorizer Quick Referenre. By A. T. GOODINO. With Preface by WILLIAM LOCK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed .• &c., and JOHN NICOLSON, M.A.. M.B., Ch.B.Glas. I • . :ad. net post free.

Uniform Clothing & Equipment Co.,

FIR.T AID IN FEW WORDB. (2ooth thonsand) Revised. With Coloured Diagrams.

LTD,

HD.E IIIURBlllla 1111

CARVBLL, I2pp.

CLERKENWELL GREEN, lONDON, E.C.l. Telephones: Clerkenwell 6682, 5226.

ClotlJ,64.

Strong paper. :ad.

Strong paper, ~d.

14 pp.

BAIIIOAIIIIIID 12

M.R.C.B.Ba •• P ost ld.

FEW WORDB. (56th thousand). Revisec

With nseful reference tables.

Price 2d. each, post tree.

Post Id.

DIAIIRA •••

PP.-72 bandaging diagrams, with notes.

Strong paper, :ad.

Post Id.

By Sir R. It. FI~TN. O.P.N Paper folder 3 In. and 4 it.. Post free ad. net.

HEALTH 1111 FEW WORDB. F . R . C.S.

20th Thousand.

M. PRHSTON, D,mo_slralo" 10 tIl, Polyl,els_ie . Price Is. net; postage, ld Its Application Accurately Described by Words and 110 Diagrams. THE ROLLER BAIIIDAIlE. Price l.s. net; postage, 2d. lis Application Accuratelv Described by Words and J02 Diagrams.

HOW ARO

THE TRIAlllaULAR BAlli DAilE:

Military M"sicat i nstrument jl£akers,

~- - - &

CO.,

36 / 8, West Street, Charing Cross Road,

W.C.2.

Post free, 3 •. pd. net.

No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs , r/:a Price 2s , net; postage 4d System$ of Body accurateiy indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatom} Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects.

THE

aOMPLETE MANIIlIIII.

THE WHOLE ART OF IIAIIIDA.IIII •• By

TIIB~LA

"Plrst Aid," 46, Cannon Street, London, E _C 4.

HEADS

Broken. Post fle~h hoop. Ready lapped bead r eturned same day as received. Lapping no charge. Post free 5 / - and 7/-

LONDON.

Third Edition . Price II. :ad., post free.

AMBULANOE

A booklet to aid those interested In Ambulance and Stretcher Work.

giving hints :m the Bngle, Drums and Flute, also Parade Form· at :ons, use of Parade Cane, StafT, etc, Post Free.

POTTER

oP;IIi~" ~/ llu DooR." - LANCET.

AIDa

YORKS.

TE LEPHONE: BRIGlIOU5E 290.

By P. C. BOTfOMLEY, M.D.

HENRY

Post free, II. :ad.

FIR.T-AID AIIIATOMlaAL DIAIIRA ••• 13(1 to X2and 14)on Roll

BUGLE Tutor ar.d Calls, 6d.

DRUM

FIRaT-AID.

All Uniforms cut to Customer's own measurements NURSES COATS, A SPECIALITY.

AMBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE,

MADE

BAND

Seventh Edition.

B.... ·llauID!! 8111pUlled IDd '1aballted, wttll AIds t ••• II.ry.

Telegrams : "UniquiPI London."

~ BRITISH BUY

AIDa

Regulation-Right! Quality-Right! Price-Right

10 & 11,

~~l~C~T~_~:A~~~:;~;:~t

MANU ALS OF FIRST-AID, &C., By N. CORBET PLETCHER. M.B., B.C., M.A. (Caotab ), M.R.C.S.

Flrst·Ald SillDUlled aDd 'abulated, wltb Ahls to .e • .". e,l. Si" !a"," Cantbe c,"lribtltll all illl"odtlelioll alld WI IIId~,," IIil r'~tJ

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISrO~Y, AND ITS PA~T IN THE

TOXWL'S FUilIES.

which occurs on p. 182 of the Home Nursing Textb'Jok with reference to Measles: "Defervescence is rapid, the temperature going down gradually." To us this sounds rather contradictory.

A SERIES OF EXAMl ATIO .

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRICADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

.. FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. To be cut oul and encLosed wit" all Que",es .APRIL 1934

BOWBBR.

IlInstrated.

Post free, u. 2d

POallET FIRBT AID BERIE8. By Col. R, J. BLACKHAM, C.B •• C.M.G" C.I.B., 0 .•. 0" M.fl h) Poisoning , (2) Hzmorrhage, (3) Insensibility, (4) Asphyxia (Snspended Breau Ing), (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, (6) Wonnds, Bltes{ Burns, Scaldl Rupture aud Minor Injuries. The Series contains all the essent als of First Aid Printed on lInen·llned cards, 31 In. X 5i In. Third Edition. Cld. ne eSlch postage 2d extra.

AIDII TO .EMORY tOR FIRBT AID BTUDEIIITII AND NURSES VBRNON NBWTON. M.R . ~ ••• (BIlIr)· pd. net. Pest ,",OHI'II

BilLE,

SONS

DANIELSSON.

83-91, Gl'eat Tltchfteid Stl'eet London

Ltd

W .1

FIRST AID

J. A. WYLIE & CO ••

HobsonlkSons (London) Ltd.),

Who/•••I. Mak.r. 01

Manufacturers of Uniforms, Headdresses, Accoutrements for

MEDALS, BADGES

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE.

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

AND

No. 479.-VoL. XL.

TROPHIES

SPECIAL OFFER of All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed TROUSERS-

6ultable for II

FIRST AID n

AMBULANCE AND 80CIETIEa.

NOTICE

CORPS

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Edi tor at the add ress below, and should re:l.ch him before the 12th of each month an d must be accompanied (not necessarily /01" t'mblication) by th~ name and address of the Correspondent. Subscri~tions, Advertisements and other business Communication!' connected wnh FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers,

Wholeaale Prloea to all II FIRST AID" SOCIETIEI. Contractors to H.M. Ministry of Munitions, Russian Government. &c.

ADDRESS-

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I.

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 4 6 , CANNO'i STREKT, LONDO, E.C.4. 7 tlel{raphic Add,-ess- (I Twe111y-!our, LOtldo'l." Ttlephom-City 3710.

London 5howroom-

Phone-Hop 0680 & 7065.

62,

HOLBORN

VIADUCT,

E.C.

Telophone- 0840 Cltv.

North of England Office: 22, YORK PLAOE, LEEDS.

CONTENTS

SU,RCIOAL

EQUIPMENT.

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY

"STERAID ' (Regd.) series ot absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical DreBsings. The dressings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers only the quantity of gauze or lint required; after cutting this off, rotate the Container in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from exposure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded tlze Certificate of tlze Institute of Hygime.)

UNIFORMS DIRECT FROM OUR FACTORY

•

Perfect Fit,

Qual.ty and Materials, Correct Details,

•

All Dressings are of GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE. H

We have had 50 years experience in the making of Un iforms.

SANI BI N" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for receiving

•

soiled dressings, sanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing in any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring, without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. " ZO R80" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST-AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT. &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements.

WRITE FOR DESIGNS, SAMPLES and PRICES

SHIND FOR PRICE! LISTS:-

I{OBEQT BAILEY & SON, Ltd.

MARRIOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT (1 elepllOne: Stockport 2794 and 4/66)

Bnd at 137, Sentinel House. Southampton Row, London, W.C.I.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE

(9, Hardman Street LIVERPOOL. Phone: Royal :1997.

'111111

15, Red lion Square LONDON, w.e I.

Phon~ : Cbancery 8().~

(L'POOL): L TD.

fHIS

NUMBER.

ED ITORIAL-

:\ational ompetition'i t. John Ambulancc ,\ ociation Thl! IIospil,tllers' lub l)ur ro worJ Punic Home Turing Tips and nags- Part 2 '. J. A. Brigade District Reports riory for \\'ales I~ailway Ambulance News )roblcm in First .\id The ~.]. \. B. Drill :'Ianual olice Ambulance News ur Nurses' Pages "i. ] .. \. B. (her ca ) e\ iews

277 27 279 27<.) 2 0 282 2 5 2 7 291 292 293 29-+ 297 297

\mb ulance Ncw Cuttings from the Pres ~e d Cros ews oming Events ...

298 29

297

QU ERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

I ,I

FI f3 4~ : IiI: i i j ;Iii·): A I

111111

Printed and .l'ublisheu by DALE, REYNOLDS &: Co., Ltd., 46. Cannon-street, LondGln, E.C.4. to whom alHcommunications should be addressed T elegrams--" Twenty·tour, London." Telephone - City 37 1 0. To be had of all NewJageuts. Booksellers and Bookstalls in the Uuited Kingdom and at all Railway BOOkstalls of Messrs. W. H Smith and Sons.

Bandage for Fractured Forearm Examination Howler Qualification of a Fir t Aider ... A. Reader's Request ... Treatment of Fractured Patella Difficult Breathing with Chest Injuries Treatment of Chlorotorm Poisoning Humours of First Aid Sparklet Resuscitator Silicate of Soda in Eye Treatment of Fractures in Danger Zone

PRICE THI{EEPENCE [3/6 FER ANNUM, POST FRRE

EDITORIAL.

Object being the advancement of Ambulance Work In all Its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjecls pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

O"iginal Designs and Quolallons posll"ee.

Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on reoeipt of Post Card.

Entered at ] [ Stationers' Hall

The

It~ aim and

No. 77Bronze, 3/- I Sliver, -4/6 j Sliver, Oold Centre, 619·

LIMITED QUANTITY ONLY.

READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. Annual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL.

Privates-13/9 per pair.

MAY, 1934.

,)00 300 300 300 300 300 302 302 302 302 302

A:\lBULANCE and first aid is NATIO~AL now recognised as an essential CO~[PETITIONS. knowledge among many of our national trades. Collieries, Tramways, Road Transport, in addition to the Railways and Police Forces, are making each year, great strides to become more proficient in the noble art. It is, therefore, rather surprising to find that only two National Competitions are held throughout the country, namely one among the Police, held in February, and the other among the Railway employees. The time has now arrived when further competitions should be arranged on the same lines as the two foregoing. Admittedly, there are many county and district competitions among the trades first mentioned, but, to encourage the ambulance man still further, a National Competition between say, employees on tramways, or among those engaged in the coal mines, would, we feel sure, be fully appreciated and supported by those concerned. Another national movement which is now established in case of emergency and among the mE m bers of which first aid should be encouraaed b is the Special Constabulary. 'Vhy not a Tational Competition on the same lines as the "Pim" trophy for the Reserves of the Regular Police Force? Vif e have been privileged to witness a number of tests amOl1 a such members and f~e{ sure that here again a National Competition would be the means of instilling greater enthusiasm among the mem bers concerned. What, readers, do you think? Are such competitions required and would they give that little extra encouragement which some first aiders need? Vif e shall be pleased to' hear from you on this subject.

278

FIR S T

A I D.

May, 1954.

------------------------------------------------

St. john J\mbulance J\ssociation. BARNOLDS\\'ICK. -A concert and a long-night dance at the Queen's Ha:l, on Friday, April 13th, in aid of the Barn-;;'ldswick Centre Funds proved a great 5'ucces . :'Ilr. G. \V. Rickards, l\1. P., presided, and was supported by 1\1r. Henry \\ ilson, J.P., 1\1r. Smith Bowker, c.c., and District Officer Frank Widdup, J. P. In a brief opening speech lr. Ric.kards said h~ thought they would all agree that, along \.nth the h~spltals, the ambulance appealed to them more than anyth~ng else, because it existed to help those who were suffering. There wa no cause in the country that was better or more worthy of support. He believed he \"as r!ght inr.saying tl?at Barnolds"'ick was the smallest town 10 the h.,lI1gdom with an Ambulance Corps of its o\"n. He do.ubted, too, if ~~y tcwn supported its Corp as liberally as. did B~rn?lds\YlcK. As the Member for the Division he considered It hiS duty to attend whene\"er it was a case of helping something that did good to the community. In this case it was more. than a duty j it was a pleasure, and he thanked the Committee for im'iting him. During the evening Ir. Rickards prcsented longsen 'ice medals and sen'ice bars to four of the oldest officers of the Corps. They ,,'ere as follows: Div. Supt. Alfred Broughton, B Division, 15 years' sen'ice; Corp. R. Butterfield, A Division, 15 years' sen'ice; Amb . Officer R. \\T. East"'ood, 20 years' sen-ice; Corps Officer Har?ld Butterneld, 20 years' service. There was also a sernce bar for Sergt. Jack Strickland, who has served for 20 yea rs, but he was not present to recei\'e it. Amb. Officer R. .'vV. Ea~twood is one of the survi\'ors of the wreck of the Rohtlla. A vote of thanks to the chairman, the artists, and l\liss Holden and all who had helped to make the evening a success' was pas"ed on the motion of lr. Smith Bowker, seconded by l\lr. Smith 'W ilson. Officers of the Corps acted as M. C.'s for the dancing, and the music "'as supplied by the Armageddon Band. Refreshments were served during the e\'ening by members of the Nursing Division. Mr. J. Thomas was the general secretary for the event.

DURHAM.-The annual competition for the "Lord ] oicey" sih'er challenge cup, open to team of the Lambton and Silk'Norths group of colleries, took place at Durham on April 14th. Dr. C. Kelly, of Bolton, and Dr. Harris?n, of Sherl;)Urn adjudicated, and the resul L was: 1, Herrington Colh~ry, 244 ; 2, Harrington C., 237 ; 3, Lumley A., 227; 4, Phlladelphia c., 223 ; 5, Houghton B., 206; 6, S. Stanley B., 183. 1\1r. T. Ellis, of Houghton, was awarded the gold medal for the best 1st-year student in the individual tests. 1\1r. Austin Kirkup, chief agent, presented the cup, also gold and siver medals to the winners and runners-up.

l\1IDDLESBROUGH. - The final of the ambulance competition open to all teams ot employees of l\lessrs. Dorman, Long & Co., Ltd., in the works, ironstone n:ines an~ collieries, was held in the Cleveland Techl11cal In stltUl:e, Middlesbrough, on Saturday, April 14th. An office robbery provided the unusual setting for the practical test, the cashier being shot and wounded by bandits. Twenty-eight teams, the same number as .last year, took part in the four eliminating r~unds at GUisbor.o ugh, Middlesbrough, Durham and Ferryhlll, and the four WlOners met in the final. The result was-1, Cleveland Work.,; "A" 238i points;

2, Dean an:! Chapter "A", 231; 3, Challoncr Mine "B", 19i· 4 Bowburn Colliery "A", 1 -1-. , I;. Arthur Dorman presented the Chall nge hicld and O"old medals to the winnincr teams and 5ih'cr m eda ls to ~lC'm bers of the second team. b He tres cd the val ue of i ntere t in first aid in the works, and the appreciation of the work being done. A vote of thanks to the Directors wa proposed by Ir. \V. Routledge. lr. W. G. Grace propo cd a votc of thanks to 1\1r. Dorm an and the adjudicating doctors, Dr. H. Fallows, of Redcar, and Dr. \V. A. l\IcKellar, of Chester -I e-street.

PLYl\IOUTIT.-The annoucement that an up-to-date central ambu lance station is to be erected along-side the new Plymouth City Police and Fire Brigacl~ headquart~rs .on ~h e site of the former pri on at Greenbank I <1 furLl~er .lndlcatlOn of the o-rowth of a en' ice whi.h has become Indl pensable to the ~ity and surrounding district. The cost is ~stimakd at about £6,000, and it is certain that the publl~ appea l which is to be made for thi considerable sum wtll meet with generous response. . The scheme is entirely eparate from that of the police and fire brigade. The ambulance tatiol1 i to be a memorial to the late :'Ilr. ]. H. Beckl)" \'\'ho was formcrly

May, 1934.

FIR S T

The Hospitallers' Club. AN interesting and successful session came to a close when 156 mem bers and friends assem bled at the Connaught Rooms on aturday, April 21st, for the lt fteenth Annual Dinner of the Club, presided over ))' the President, Ir. G. S. Pasco. The toast of the CI u b was proposed by Col. P . J. Blackham, C.B., C . .\I.G., C.LE., D.S.O., .\1.D., Knight of Grace, and in a very breezy and a musing speech related how his interest in Brigade \\ ark ha 1 been ki ndled as a young officer of the R .A.:\I. It was in Ireland that he first set to \ ork to organise Divisions of the Brigade, and he ca rried his intere t with him during his service in olonel Blackham considered that the I ndia . Brigade st3.ncls for th ree great pri nci pies -devot ion ") duty, de votion to service of man ki nd and i ~cipline, embodying Esprzi de Corps. A regard the Ho pitaller Club Colonel 13 la kham remarked that not only is it the means f hringing the offlcers together, but it helps to r')stcr among t them the pirit of the mess. He 10k the opportL! n ity to congratulate the Presiden t n all the Club stands for, and what it is doing in t lis direction. The I re ident in r ph' thanked olonel Blackha m [or the cordial way iIi which he had proposed th e toast of tht:; Club. cc As is well known, the ne ed of a cl u b or mess had been felt in past years , as oITicers knew "cry little of each other, and 't..:Idom met except on duty. The Cl u b knows no ra nk.., and we meet for friendly intercourse and l1c lp, if necessary." The President mentioned that in e the Club's inception the Lady Hospitallers' Cl ub had been formed. He also said that Greetings had been received from a similar club in New Zealand, recently formed. The toast of the Visitors was in the hands of he vice-President, Ir. E. W. Jackson, who exl: nded a very hearty welcome to all the visitors, nd in proposi ng th is toast l\I r. Jackson cou pled ith it the names of Robinia Viscountess Mounta rret, O.D.E., Dame of Justice, and !\Ir. John - eall, President of the Pharmaceutical Society of G reat Britain. Lady 10untgarret in replying said it was a rr reat honou r to be asked to reply to this toast of th e Visitors. She remarked that it was nearly 50 ) ears since the Brigade was formed, and she hoped th at the spirit of adventure with which the old Crusaders wen t out to the work would be carried on for another 50 years by the younger ones, but of course, according to modern ideas. Mr. Keall also replied. He joined very fully I

The nc\v designed Au tin 20 1\1otor "\mbulance rcc nll.'" supplied to the Plymouth and District Ambulance . ·en·ice. chairman of the Plymouth Ambu lance ervice, and 1 generous benefactor to its needs. This station will bL' known as "The Beckly Memorial Central Ambulan cL' Station," permissio.l for the title having been given by l\Irs. Beckly, who is vice-president in the Brigade. The appearance will be in conformity with that of. th e new central fire station, which is now in process of erectIOn, and will comprise a garage for five motor ambulances, a a rescue station, an eng ineerin g shop for the repairing 01 the ambulances, and the necessary quarters for staff an el officers. Mr. Hedley V. Miller, the County CO~11111issioner,. to whose devoted labours Plymouth owes thiS fine serVJ ce, predicts that the new sta.tion will be one of the ~nest ~h(~ country. It will certalllly set the seal on Ius untlfln ~ activity in a good cause.

ir:

When you write to any of our Advertisers kind i'l mention FIRST AID. It dosen't cost you anything an d it pleases th~ Advertisers, and Us

A I D.

279

with Lady Mountgarret in appreciating the honour which had been given to hi m to share the reply to the toast of the Visi tors. He also, as Presiden t of the Pharmaceutical Society, congratulated Mr. Pasco on holding such a distinguished position in the Club. "One is particularly delighted," he said" when one finds that our mem bers have found a niche which makes for useful ness." The toast of the President was proposed by the immediate Past President, ~Ir. P. Bettinson, who remarked that Colonel Blackham had mentioned the importance of discipline. They had learnt to regard their President not only as a good disciplinarian, but also as a very lovable personality. In replying, the President said how glad he was to be able to take the chair, as some weeks ago he had been stricken with illness which rendered it inadvisable for him to take any active part in arranging the Dinner. He had to thank the Committee for the great success of the evening, and also Ir. Stallard for the wonderful programme of music and entertainment which he had provided. The musical programme consisted of the following :-:\Iiss Olive Dyer, soprano (by kind permission of 1\Iiss Lilian Baylis) j lIiss Dorothy ~IcBlain, the girl who whistles in her throat; l\.lr. Mansell Dyer, bass baritone; :\'Ir. Jack Collings, xylophonist, of the B.B.C. ; Delvin, Royal Command magician; 1\1r. "ViII Kings, entertainer, of the B.B.C. ; :\'Iiss Phyliss Mae, accompanist and songs at the piano.

Our Crossword Puzzle. Owing to pressure on pace We are compelled to hold over our monthly crossword puzzle. \Ve hope to continue same in our next issue. LA T

MONTH'S

SOLGTIOI\'.

Th e winning entry to the abo\'e \"as received from li s Mary Kinner, Seven Friern v\ atch A\'enue, Finchley, London, .12, to whom a copy of Doctor Corbet Fletcher's book 'will be sent. The following three readers will receiYe a copy of Allman's Anatomical Atlas : A. Prince, 112, Rushby l\Iead, Letchworth, Herts; Miss E. E . Purs er, 28, Derby-road, Northampton; Miss H. Strother, South View, Collingham, near Leeds.

FIR S T

2 0

N ursing T ips and 5nags .-Part 2. By CAPT. NOR IAN HAl\l IER,

1. R . C.S.

" Let all the brethren perform diligently and to the end the task for " 'hich they are apt; let them neither ayoid nor skimp the obligations of lheir calling. But if one shall claim an office to which he has not been prepared, he is to be admonished, that he may not betray the lrust of the ignorant."- XT CentlllY J/.S. (Tran .). T

\T\TE spoke in the first part of this article, of the difficult position in which St. John men and women are often placed by neighbours and friends asking them to advise on, and treat, cases of minor ailments; and we pointed out how wise it is to harden the heart and stick to the strict letter of the law, refusing to have anything to do with any Home Nursing case except under doctor's orders. There are some cases that can quite properly and usefully be looked after by the Home Nurse, whose help will be much appreciated both by the patient and the medical man in charge. The danger comes when the St. John man gives way, in a weak moment, to the well~meant, but unintelligent, demands of the patient's friends, and tries to make a diagnosis and to determine a line of treatment. Don't forget that this is the difference between First Aid and Home N:..lfsing. In First Aid we are taught to deal with a sudden emergency until tlte doctor can take ove?' / in Home Nursing, we are trained simply and solely to carry out doctor's orders after he has taken c/za1"ge. We have mentioned some instances in which a Home Nurse can be of great use within the limits of his training; in the same instances we have pointed out the pitfalls if he lets overconfidence, or the fear of offending his friends, tempt him into indiscretion. To-day, we will continue with a few more examples of so-called " homely" complaints, and give the Home Nurse's job, and the snags. RUNNING EAR S .

Earache. Wax in the Ears. Some mothers don't take it very seriously when little Tommy's ears run; but the Home Nurse will real ise that a discharge from the earchannel is evidence of mischief that needs expert investigation and advice. To the First Aider, a discharge from the ear suggests injury to the base of the skull; in a Home Nursing case it suggests Infection, Germs. Let a doctor see the case as soon as possible; set your face against the mother's view that the condition is trivial. The inner side of the drum of the ear abuts on a space, called the middle ear, which has opening into it a narrow tube running from the nose. In

AID. case~ of chronic

May, 1934.

nasal catarrh, especially when it is associated with adenoids, germs travel along this tube, and cause trouble in the middle ear. Matter forms, and bulges out the ear drum, perforating it in spots to allow the discharge to escape and appear at the outer end of the airchannel as a "running ear." So a running ea r may be a sign that germs are active inside; if th e condition is not properly treated (and, alas, often when it is) the ear drum may be irreparably damaged, leading to permanent deafness. Or, wors still, the germs may O'et access to the bone cell s in the mass of bone easily felt just behind the ear, the Mastoid process; worst of all, they may work in wards to the very lini ng of the brain itself an d cause meningitis. All of this emphasises the need for skilled advice at once for all cases of runnin g ears however slight. A discharge from the ear-channel may also be caused by a septic condition in the walls of the earchannel itself (e.g. a boil). This, too, need ,:> skilled advice, both for accurate diagnosis and fo r treatment. In this case the discharge \\ ill often be more characteristically "pussy" and may be bloodstained. As the Home Nursing Textbook points out , running ears may appear as sequels or as com plications to some of the" specific" fevers, nota})l ) measles and scarlet fever, the infection travelli ng along the tu be from the nose. The Home Nurse may be a ked to help wit h the treatment of a running ear. Certain' drops ' may be ordered by the doctor, either before or after he has dealt with the ear drum. One way to usc ear drops is to soak a small pledget of cottonwoo! in the fluid supplied, to make the patient place his head in a semi-horizontal position with the affected ear uppermost, and squeeze the pledget, allowin g the fluid to fall drop by drop into the ear-channel. Another way is to instil them from a dropper something like a fountain pen filler. l'rin a es should be avoided and used only by a doctor, if at all. Certain powders may also be prescribed, to be blown into the ear channel from a rubbe r " blower." Earache may be caused during teething, or as a resul t of the swelling of the tonsils in Tonsillitis and other diseases which have tonsillitis as part of their manifestations. Or it may be a warnz'ng that infection is starting in the middle ear, and that th e drum is being pressed on, soon to yield and let the matter out as "running ear." Don't let th e Mother be content to put in warm olive oil; insist that the patient sees a doctor. It may be due to a collection of 'wax ';n the ear. Some adults, who should have more sense, are fond of probing and pushing their ears with hai rpins and matchsticks. This is a dangerous habit. See a doctor, have the ears examined, and if he says there is wax there, let him see to its removal.

FIRST

May, 1934.

IIe may need to soften it before removing it by using drops, etc . Don't try to deal with it yourself. P emem ber an old First Aid tip: Forez'gn bodies zn nose, ear or eye: GO EASY!" Look up the little black book on these points.

"BAD

LEGS."

This is a general term, which I have known to be used by the laiety for anything in the leg, [rom simple varicose veins to a rotting and ganggrenous ulcer. It is a term much used by advertisers who want to sell various "cures" through the post, and is delightful in it carefree catholicity of application. IIome 1urses will, of course, realise that such a va cr ue and general expression means nothing, and that its use is evidence of irresponsible carelessne s and ignorance. Van'cose TTe z'IlS are described in the First Aid Textbook. They are liable to burst. The treatment for a bl eding varicose vein is to be found in the Firs t id Book, and should be known to all t. Joh n mcm bers. The doctor rna \' order that varicose vei ns shall be s u pported by an elastic-web bandage . This mu t be put on puttce-fas hion, and must start from the bas of the tocs . Be careful to see that its top part i not t<~"ter than it. bottom part. An elasticbandag e tends to get so after walking, with the result that more bloo 1 can get into the affected vcin than an a ill' get out; the vein gets full, a nd may burs t through o\' r-distention. 1~all'cose Ji:c::;(, lIla is an un hcal thy condi tion of the kin of the leg, due to poor blood supply and inadequate d rai nag e. Varicose veins do not carry away the blood properly, so that all the tiss ues of the affectecl leer get water-logged, full of im pure blood, and starved of pure blood. The leg swells, the skin is over-stretched, and badly nourished. rash breaks out, discolouring the skin a nd c3.usin o much discomfort and itching. The ufferer can't help sCI-atching, if only in his sleep, a nd the unhealthy skin is thus infected by germs from ei ther its own su rface or from his fingernails. The skin and tissues under the skin are too unhealthy to fight the germs; and the germs win, causing death of tissue-cells and destruction of substance. (ee" econd Line of Defence," Part 2.) A hole is made, called a Varzcose Ulcer. Varicose Ulcers are very difficult to heal once t hey are presen t. They are 1iable to become secondarily infected with all kinds of germs, leading to profuse and offensive discharges. The IIome Nurse may be ordered by the doctor to dress these sores, and to carry out certain clean ing procedures . Orders must be rigidly obeyed, and the patient must rest the affected leg as m uch as possible, preferably with heels higher than h ip .

A I D.

281

" Pldebz'tz's" means the clotting of a length of the stagn a nt column of b lood in a varicose vein . I t can a lso occur in a vein that traverses an area of tissue that is the site of germ activity. The affected portion of vein becomes hard, solid, and impassible by the blood in the portion of vein below . A doctor must be consulted, and absolute rest insisted on. Wounds of the lower extremity tend to heal less well than in other parts of the body. This is due to a number of causes, one of which we have suggested: that circulation-d rainage from the leg is against gravity. In elderly people, especially, heal ing is often slow and difficult, and ulcers may result. These" infective or "traumatic ulcers" need treatment, in which the Home Nurse can be of assistance. An "infective" ulcer is due to destruction of tissue-substance by germ activity; a I' traumatic" ulcer is due to destruction of tissue-substance by violence. Other conditions have been included by un informed people under the term "Bad Leg. " Enough has been said to show the Home Nurse that there are a variety of "com plain ts," all of which need skilled observation and advice. Even such grave states as senile gangrene of the foot and gangrene due to toxic causes, such as "blood poisoning" or diabetes, have sometimes been lightly and airily dismissed as merely" bad legs," and left without medical attention. Insz'st that proper advz'ce ':s sought on any abnormal condttion of tlze leg or foot. \Vhat the patient thinks is just a sore may be something that, if left to him and his neighbours, will turn out to be a serious matter. II

These are a few examples of the kind of case that a Home Nurse may be asked by neighbour or relative to see and advise on. \Vhen this happens, make it clear that you are honour-bound to work under a doctor only. The fact that your help has been asked is, in itself, a tribute to the Brigade and your own reputation; this places upon you the moral duty of seeing that the ca~e has proper medical advice .

Ir. P. L. Oliver, 1. 1. H., has been highly honoured by a personal conversation with the King and Queen after a tea-party given by their Majesties to some 200 guests. Mr. Oliver was asked to explain the work of the British Red Cross Blood Transfusion ' en' ice which has supplied many thousands of voluntary donors. The King com;ratulated him upon the splendid work the service was doing, and recalled that his sister, the late Princess Royal, had once received a transfu ion to enable her to undergo an operation.

When corresponding with advertisers :nention

FIRST AID. "

kindly

FtRST

The

Brigade

St.

A I }).

fohn

May, 1934.

Ambulance

Dzst1'zct Reports.

No I. (Prince of Wales's) District. The final competitions for the District trophies were held at the Torthampton Institute, Clerkenwell, on Saturday, April 28th. . The balcony was well filled with members and fnend throuahout the proceedings. The judges in the men's ections \yere: - " l1assey:;\Iaimyaring" Cup: A t. Commis ioner Capt. A. ~. \ Vhlte Knox, (team), District Officer J. Kemp (ul11forms), .. Osborne" hield: Cotmty Surgeon A. Stuart (team), Ii ::\innis" Efficiency Cup: Asst. Commission~r ~. \tVarren and District Officer G. Green (team), Dlstnct Officer S. B. Piers (uniforms). FoIlo\yin o ' the competition the usual march past of the competit;rs was held, music being supplied by the District Drum and Fife Band. The salute was taken by the Conmlissioner, Capt. \Y. Goodley, who was accompanied on the platform by Sir Perciyal \\Tilkinson (Secretary-General of the Order) and Lady \Vilkinson, Dr. .r . Corbet Fletcher, Asst. Surgeon-in-Chief, Lt.-Col. F . A. Brooks and officers of "'0. 1. District. Th'e Commissioner, addressing the parade, said how proud he felt to be present in the position he now held . He reo-retted yery much the entries for the men's drill competition. The work he had 'witnessed in the nurse'~ drill competition showed good promise for the march past at the annual inspection to be held on June 9th. Dr. Corbet Fletcher proposed a vote of thanks to the Surgeons, Ste\yards, etc., for thei.r. untiring sen-ices. Dr. K. F, Lund seconded the proposItIon. A bouquet was presented to Lady \i\Tilkinson, who kindly presented the awards, and Sir Percival, in reply on behalf of Lady Wilkinson to a vote of thanks, congratulated TO. 1 District on its continued success. \\-ithout, he said, giving the actual figu:es, I may say thc~.t the increase in personnel in the Bngade for 1933 IS greater than any year with the exception of the war period. . . District Officer E. Brown (CompetltlOn Secretary) announced the resul ts, the Ambulance teams being placed as fo11ows:" ~lassey-Mainwaring" Challenge Cup :-1st) L.i\1.S. Railway Division) 330 marks; 2nd, Cricklewood, 3211; 3rd, Royal Arsenal, 290§:; 4th, Borough of Lewisham, 264~; 5th, Victoria, 254t. " Osborne" Challenge Shield (Improvised) : -1st, L.i\1.S. Railway Division, 264 marks; 2nd, Royal Ars~nal, 245; 3rd, Victoria, 222; 4th) S. Met. Gas (E. GreenwIch), 213; 5th, Hampstead, 162. " Tinnis" Efficiency Cup :-lst, Toynbee Hall, 202£ marks; 2nd, Bentalls, 177*"Sleath Gent" Cup :-Pte. L. G. Parsons, No. 56 (Cricklewood) Division. " :\facRae" Cup for Cadets: -C 12 (Dagenham) Division. During the afternoon Pte. F. E. Clifford} of the No. 85 (Ealing) Division officiated at the organ.

11.e.

CROYDoN.-The Annual Dinner and dance of the Croydon Division \vas held at the Zeeta Restaurant, George Street, Croydon, on April 25th, and p.roved, ~s usual, an unqualified success. Under the chanmanshlp

of Diy. Supt. D. G. Goldie} nearly 100 members and O'uests sat down to the festive repast. The Asst. Com~lissioner, Dr. McIntyre, and Mrs. i\IcIntyre honour.ed the gathering with their prc ence, and othcr .guests lllcluded Lady District Officer i\Irs. IacCaftcry, Amb. Officer \Valter , upt. Halmam (Horsham ~iv.) ancl " upt. Smith (Z Div. l\Iet. Police) and Mrs. mlt~l... Replying to the toast of "The Croy~lol1 Dl\'.1 ~O~l} proposed by Dr. ~lcIntyre, the chairman saId thc Dn'lslon had been formed 26 years, and was at la t being brought into prominence by rea~oll of its repre. entation 011 th e afety First Council; thIS brought thcm 111tO c.ol1tac~ \\"lth the Borouo'h Council many members of whIch dId 110t preyiously know that' such an organisation .exi led in. th~ Borough. He deplored the fact that the Bngade recu\:cr[ uch indifferent support and appealed to the Pr~ t? gl\e prominence to the work the Brigade was d01!1g 111 the intere ts of the public. Amb. Officer . T. Dennino- proposed" The Cue ·ts," upt. mith and Mrs. l\IacCaffcry suitahly rcplying-. " The Chairman" was proposed by upt. lIannam in felicitous spirit and was accorded mu ical honour. . Dancing was carried on till midnight to tl:e trams of the Windsor Dance Band under the lcadershlp of Pte. Hammer.

FIRST

May , 1934. No. IV. (Lancashire) District.

ACCRINGToN.-Thc rccent annual cffort of the Accringtol1 branch of the National Farmers' Union on behalf of loca l charities resulted in £60 being donated to several deserving organisations, among- which the local Ambulance Association received £5. The farmers are to be congratulatcd on the I'lift" afforded so many needy charitie . BRIERFlELD.-Thc funds of thc Brierfield Centre have benefited by ,.£.t lOs. from a Jumble Sale held in the IIeadquarters. BURY.-The local Ambulance Divisions had two FIr t Aid tcnts} one near Holcombe Brook station) and the other on the Hill, on Good Friday. Twelve cascs of accident were attended to. and one, after treatment, had to hc com'eycd homc to \i\Thitefield. KIRKIL\~r.-Ol1e of tIle best conccrts 0 [ the season was .g iven in the new Ambulance Hall, Kirkham, as a res ult of the efforts of :l1Pt. IIe lop, who, through the J)epllty ~rayor of Kendal) Councillor :\Iartindalc, was able to secure a first-class concert party. All the artiste, we re prize \\inner at various fe ti\al , and they gan '\ varied entertainment, which \\ as richl\, enjoyed h)' a la rge audience. Thc Rev. ,tram~·e. ~L pre , idcd.

LITIIERL.\:\o.-The Litherland and Ford Corps Road IIut \\"as re-opcncd on Good Frida\·. This is the second yea r thc Brigade has had a hut -in 'cfton Road, and it \\ill rcmain OpCIl during- the whole of the summer. It ha been redecorated recently, amI has a \'Cry attrac.I \,C appearance.

No. III. Distr-ict. Once aaain Mitchells and Butlers' team \\ ill repJ'l'sent Ko. 3 bDistrict in the "Dewar" Final. On Saturday, April 21st} the Distri~t. Competition ' were held at Leicester under the superVISIOn of Count) Commissioner G. F. Browne. The results were :-1, i\Iitchells and Butler5', 285}; 2 Woh'erhampton, 283; 3) Foleshill and Long, 27 : -J., W. Lench, Ltd.) Blackheath, 276; 5, \Vigston, 267:!; 6, Kettering, 249. Mitchells and Butlers' team thus retains the" Bethell" Cup, which was presented to the District l.aSL)'Car, and has repeated its performance of 1933 in W1l111lng the three premier i\lidland trophies-the ". Wilkin on" "Cup, th~ Birmingham County Challenge Shleld, and thc Bethell Cup.

LAvENDoN.-On \Vednesday, April 18th. a ocial wa .. held in the headquarters at Lavendon for the purpo e 01 bringing together the officers of the yariou Corps in the County of Bedford. It was cOl1YClled by CQunty Officer W. T. Knight, who was in the chair, supported by the County Commissioner, 1ajor Darvil Smith, Dr. and Irs . Round (Turvey), Dr. and Mrs. Blayney (Harrold), Dr. Boyde (Bedford), Supts. Holmes, Parsons, Lilley, the Misses Savory. . A very interesting discussion ensued, during whIch two gentlemen offered cups for competition for Divisions in the District. It was announced that the work was making vcry satisfactory progress and that Divisional Surgcons having been very active many men and women have been successful in obtaining certificates. . Refreshments were served by the ladies, wh1ch greatly added to the amenities of the evening.

Ot.:THPORT.-The thanks 0 f thc Boy' Brigade Council \\a hm\ n most enthu iastically to Corps upt. Ho lt and his officer. for thcir a, i -tance a judges of the .\mbulance omp tition arranged and held at the mbu:a l1ce Hall, ~ Olllhport, for the onthport Companies of th e Boys' Brigade, pril 9th. The competition compr i,ed threc tL t :-(1) Quetion to test theoretical h lCl\\ ledgc; (2) hanc1a~'ing- and pressure points test: I )) .\ practical te t dealing \\ ith an accidcnt. The re ult. 'L re declared as follow :-1. 1 t Company, t. Philip's. .!22 point ; 2, 4th Company,' Simon and Tude, 216: ~. 2nd Company. 11 SOl1I's, 196. ,.\BDEx.-On Good Friday members of the Brig'adc \' ere stationed at the entrance into the yillage sellin!?" f ,t~ s to help the fttnds. \VlIITEFIELD.-In

connection

with

the

A I D.

283

Halifax; and Lady District Officer) Mrs. Geldard, Ilkley. An official welcome was given to the visitors h Councillor J. W . Cockcroft, the newly-elected Chairman of the Hebden Bridge U.D.C., and it was particularly appropriate in view of :'IIr. CQckcroft's 10l1g' connection with the ambulance movcment. The Rev. ]. '-iV. Heyv.:ood, Y'icar of St. J ohn'~ ~ unday Schools, wherc the conference was held, also expres cd his pleasure in welcoming the delegates. The Chairman expressed thanks for the kindly welcome, on behalf of the visitors. and said it was very appropriate that the Chairman of the Council was hon . president of the Hebden Bridge Corps. They especialJy valued his presence because of the dual position. They were also grateful to the Vicar for allowing them the tl. e of the school. After the conference tea was provided. A vote OT thanks to the members of the Hebden Bridge Corps for making such excellent arrangements for the conference, and to the ladies for providing the tea, was moved by upL Raker, seconded by Corps Supt. Auty. Div. Supt . '-iV. Jack on responded. The visitors were conducted th rough St. John's Church by the Vicar, and during the enning a whist drive and dance was held. ~Ir. \Y. Tack on officiatcd as ~I.c., and the Riviera Dance Band TlrO\'lclecl the music for dancing.

No. VII. District. The Annual I nspectioll of the Ludlow Division by Dr. R. L. E. Downer, County Commissioner for No . 7 District was held at Ludlow on Sunday, April 22nd, 1934, at which 2+ member were pre ent. The company assembled in the Council Chamber under Supt. A. H. \\'hittall, and there were al 0 pre ent ~Ir. H. Hodnett, J. P ., Hon. \'ice-President of the Di\ision, Dr. J. L. E~an, Di\'i ional Surg-eon, Ambulance Officer H. G. Harle, and Transport Offic~r H. T. Russell. :\ddre ing the members after the inspection, Dr. Downer congratulated them on their turn-out, on the \York the) had been doinR. the increasing strength of the Division, and their '>Jllendid l'ffort ill the recent competition at Shrew _ bun'. - IIe referred to the great loss the Di\'i ion had sustaine:l by the death of :'Ilr. John Palmer, J. P., the Hon. President. :'Ijr. Palmer had heen largely i'n trumental in the formatIOn of the local Di\'i ion, and in the provision of the ambulance car which had fulfilled a long-felt \\"ant, and his intere t in the 1l10\'ement had ne\'er Ilag-{jed. .-ilthoug-h he had pa ed on, the good ,,"urk he had done would remain with them as a lasting tribute to his memory. The company afterwards paraded in the Castle Square for drill, after \vhich they re-assembled in the Council Chamber for the annual re-examination of each indi\'idual member.

\Yhitefield

A nbulancc and I\ursing Dh·i ions a. \Vhist Drivc was I eld at the Headquarters, the Upland, Bury New Road, whe n a very enjoyahle evcning wa pent. During the c cning several mcmbers receiyed ef"vice Chevrons at t' e hands of tIle Lady upl., frs. Kay, and the prizes \ ere pre entecl to the winners by Supt. J. W. Crossley.

At the funeral of the late ]\lr. John Palmer, J.P., Hon. President of the Di\'i ion, on April 16th, 1934, the Brigade was repre ented by 13 memher. A beautiful l1ora] tribute, made in the form of the eight-pointed star by Mr. J. Collier, Ludlow, was subscrihed fOI- by the member, and placed on the grave.

o . V. District.

No. VIII. (Duke of Connaught's) District.

The annual area conference of Officers and Secret, ri es of the Midland Area, W.R. of Yorkshire) wa held a Hebden Bridge, on Saturday, April 21st. Dr. W. . West Watson} As t. C0111111is ioner, pres: lcd, and had the support of Dr. Dearden and Dr. Atch ison; District Officer T. Allen, Shipley; Corps • upt. H. Naylor, Hebct<:>n Bridgei Corps Sup-t. Auty,

The Annual Competitions of the Surrey and u sex Counties \yere held on Saturday. April 21 t. at Rcdhill. District Secretary. District Officer H. J. \Y rigglc\\'orth, \yas responsible for the arrangement. The judges were: Dr. \ V. E. Peck, of Hastings (team); Dr. ]. Willal1, Hove (officer individual); Col J. O. Summerhayes, D.S.O. Iewhayen (Nos. 1 and 2);

284

FIRST

Dr. J. A. 'M adlurtry, Coulsdon ( os. 3 and 4); District Officers C. 1\lilton and J. Flavin (uniforms). The men's team test was that of asphyxia causcd by escaping gas. ome good work was witnessed by interested visitors. The District Commissioner) Ir. E. A. Richards, pre ided over the subsequent prize-giying- meeting. He congratulated the Counties on their continued success. The amount of time given by them was well repaid by the knowledge that 8)07 removals and 2,174road accidents had been dealt with during the past year. The results were as follows:1 and "Sir William Gentle" Cup, Horsham, 789.6 marl<:s; 2 and "Onslow" Cup, Guildford S.R., 772.2; 3 and ., ~lartin \\Tilliamson" Cup, Haslemere, 738.2 ; Twelve teams competed and Horsham and Hastings S.l{. representing Sussex, and Guildford S.R. and Haslemere representing urrey will compete in the No.8 District finals. The trophies and prizes were presented by the :Mayoress of Reigate, to whom a vote of thanks was accorded. CIIICHESTER.-The first annual meeting of the Chichester Diyision was held last month in the Lancastrian School. Col. E. T. Inkson) V.c., D.S.O. (President), presided and he was supported by the Mayor of Chichester (Councillor C. C. Allen, Div. Supt. W. J. B. Trotter, Dr. A. 1\1. Barford, Dr. D. A. Langhorne, Canon 1\Iortlock, Police Supt. Brett, M.B.E., D.C.C. (Diy. Treasurer), and Det. Inspector Gee. Col. Inkson congratulated the members on the way they turned out. It 'w as a pleasure to him to be with them and he hoped the Division would prosper. Sergt. H. H. Bridle submitted the annual report. During 1933 oyer 300 cases and removals had bccn attended, incurring 1)200 hours of work and about 1,000 miles had been coyered. The number of duties carricd out was 1,464. The divisional strength was now 36, an increase of four. Sergt. Bridle gave particulars of various functions attended and spoke of the work carried out by the blood donors. He concluded his report hy thanking, on behalf of the N.C.O.'s and men, the Div. Surgeon, Dr. Langhorne, and Div. Supt. Trotter, for their work and their interest in the great work. The officers of the Division were re-elected with acclama tion. Supt. Trotter thanked the Divisional Officers for their work during the past year. He hoped greater interest and support would be given, both financial and moral, by the residents in Chichester and District.

DOVER.-An attempted suicide by poisoning, following a domestic quarrel, was the baSIC test for members of the Dover Town Division on Thursday, April 19th) when, at the Corps Headquarters, they competed for the Divisional Cup, first presented in 1898 by Mr. E. P. Barlow the first President of the Division. Corps Surgeon T. J. NichoH judged the team test, whilst Div. Surgeon D. L. Hamilton undertook the judging of the individual tests. At the conclusion of the competitions Mrs. Nicholl presented the Cup and miniatures to the wlnning team, which was composed of Sergt. Curd (captain), Ptes. Cooper, Beney and Applin. Sergt. Fielder's team was second and CorpI. Pascall's team third. Vouchers, medallions, etc., were also presented to those who passed the recent examination, Pte. Knott receiving his 33rd label.

A 10.

May , 1934.

No. IX. District. EXETER.-The .. Dcwar" Eliminating conlest for No. 9 District was held at Exetcr on Saturday, Apr:! 28th. Judges for the ambulance tests were: County Surgeon E. S. Toogood (team); Dr. B. Venn Dunn and Dr. E. . Bowes (individual practical); Dr. Colin 1\1. Forbes and Asst. Commissioner W. "V. Johnston (uni forms). 1\1r. Hedley V. Miller (County Commissioner for Devon), presided, and among tho e present were th e Mayor and Mayoress, Col. E. J. Ellis (Surgeon-in-hicf of the Bria-ade), Lady Perratt (Lady Supt.-in-Chie f). Col. de la Prynne ( ational ecretary V.A.D. Council), Capt. Rodier Heath (County Commissioner, Dor et), Asst. County Commissioner Major F. R. Gibb (:-\orth Devon), Col. H. packman (Exeter and Ea t De\,on), :\1 r. H. J. Vick (Mid-Deyon), Lady Humphreys (President, DJS trict N ursina- A sociation), ~Iiss Rc\y. The final placings were :-lst., Exeter: 2~ 4- mark. ; 2nd, Barnstaple, 2481; 3rd, e\\ton bbol, 240~. Oth er teams competing were t. Blazey, \Veymouth A and H. Cam borne, Poole and St. lYes. Exeter \\ ere awardee! the ' Smerdon" hield and 13arnstaple thc . t Lennard " Shield. The trophies were prcsented by the ~Iayore s. The ~Iayor welcomed thc officers and competitors on behalf of the City, and said all appreciated lhat fir t aid had become of \'ital importance in evcry -clay li fe. He thanked 1Ir. Harold C. Rowe (Chairm a n of th l Exeter centre) and ~Irs. Rowe for their kindnc . iI' entertaining the gue ts, judge and officers to lunch and tea. County Officer T. W. Perkins was Competiti ()n ecretary, whilst Supt. E. A. Bowden, tB.E., with th ' assistance of Ir. S. R. Rayner and Lady upt. ~Iiss 1 . \Vood, was responsible for the local arrang·emcl1t ·. Ambulance teams from Dcvon and Somersct com· peted in Blake Hall, Bridgwatcr) on aturday, April 21 s . for the "Lady Forester" Cup. 1t was the sixth of the competitions, which we re started in 1929 by Mi s Priscilla Perrott, of Vvithypool, a daug-hter of Lady Perrott, Lady Supt.-in -Clli cf. S.J.A.B. Besides the team te t there were "iva Y Del and individual practical tests. The presiding officer \V 3, Major S. R. Gibbs, Acting County Commissioner fo" ,. orth Devon. The competition secretary was Div. Sup P. T. Kimmins, of Lynton, and the judges were Di \. Surgeon W. Bain (1\1inehead), Div. Surgeon F. H . Hollingshea~ (Ilfracombe), and Corps Surgeon G. E. Peckett DaVIS (Weston-Super-Mare). The team test, which was watched by a large crow(·. represented an accident at a point-to-point race, wl,ere '1 horse runs among the crowd and knocks clown a rn a 1 and a woman. The Mayor of Bridgwater (Mr. C. Bryer) presid ed at the distribution of prizes by the Mayoress. Each team was allowed fifteen minutes in the te t. and the awards were:"Lady Forester Cup"-l, Ilfracombe, 253! points; 2, Minehcad, 249!; 3, Barnstaple, 219; 4, Bideforcl, 21 M; 5, Combe Martin, 213£; 6, Lynton, 208i; 7, Bridgwater, 187-l;; 8, Southmolton, 164l The" Luttrell Cup" (handicap) was won by Lynton, with an adj usted score of 258. The viva voce test resulted in a tie between Supt. Dunn (Ilfracombe) and Pte. Capern (Lynton) and they will be joint holders of the" Hurman" Cup. "THE PLUMBER &

JOURNAL

HEAT INO , '

monthly) Is THE paper for all progressive tradesmeo -Publlshlu2 Office: -46. Caonoo Street E.C....

18.

FIRST

May, 1934.

A 10 .

285

Przory for Wales. ", ELSII BRIGADE FINAL CO~lPETITIO S.

. Year by year the interest taken in the annual competition for the Brigade in \Vales increases with the developl1len~ of ambu.l~nce work; and the large gathering at this year s compelltlOn held in Cardiff on April 14th indicated the need for obtaining a larger hall in future, the vestibule of the La~ ourt being- overcrowded with spectators toward the tlille for the presentation ceremony. -:r:- her . wa a record entry. the Brecknockshire and o .nbJgh hire entre entering- teams for the first time Tnbut~ to tne high tandard of efficiency hown generall·, \~'as paid bY,the judge, viz. (:\len's Competition): Commis~ sioner Dr. rban larks, A istant Commissioner Major W Owen Evan , orrs u rbeon C" J. P DaVles, ' . .. . rosser DIVISIOnal . urg on :\Ic~au land; (\Yomen's Competition): Assistant ' ,urg- on~ln- hlef for \\'ales Dr. D. Rocyn jones, c.B.E., entr . urg-eon Dr. Edgar Llewellyn, Divisional Sura-eon D. II. Isaac and :'IIi Ellen wift , . R .N. TI le ursmg b.

Case A. - " This person is unconscious, the face is flushed, the bo?y temperature is low, the pulse slow and full, the breathJng deep and slow, and the pupils dilated and do not react. Ther~ is no bl~od issuing from the nose, ears or mouth, but there IS a swelll11g on the side of the head." Case .l!. -" Th is person is unconscious, the face is pale, the pulse IS we.ak ~nd irregular, the body temperature is low, the breathing IS shallow and sighing and the u ils p p equal and react. ~here is n.o blood from the nose, ears or mouth, but there IS a swelling on the side of the head. " The ~ord 1ayor and Lady 1ayoress of Cardiff presented the trophl~s ~t a ceremony over which the Hon. John H . Bru~e (Prlnc) pal Secretary and Commissioner for \Vales) p~eslded, supported by Mr. H. 1. Ingledew, Col. H. E. 1\1. Lmdsay, C.8., Mr. A. G. E. J. Fudge Lieut -Col C G Cole-Hamilton C. M. G., D. S. 0., Capt. T.' E. Ri~hard·s, ·:\Ir:

By courtesy] [Westem Mail. The Lord l\Iayor of Car d·)ff (AId erman A. E. Gough) presenting the "Llandinam" to the j ewport (l\Ion.) team.

Uniforn; was judged by Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. S. B. Turner

~ nd ASSIstant CO~lmissioner Captain F. P. Robothan, M.C.,

hudged the men s. The chief ambulance stewards beinO' taff Officers 8. E. Maberly and J. 1. Pepperell. b T.he male teams were called upon to carry out the f~lIo~lng test (set out in detail below) :-" Your team is \\ alkmg- to catch a 'bus, atter competing out in the country c ' . On r~aching a main cross roads you see two moto~ I ) cJlstS lYIng face down on the road with their machines luddled up together. d , P~oceed to examine, to determine which case you will ~al With first, and then diagnose the injuries of this case, tl eat and remove. Time 15 minutes."

hield

E. D. jones, Capt. L. Canton, Asst.-Corns. G. Davies G Payne and F. R. Hortop, and a large number of Brigad~ Officers. The following results were ann0unced :_ " LLANDINAM"

SHIELD.

1, New~ort (Mon.), Borough of Newport 2, Aberttllery, Monmouthshire ... 3, Kenfig Hill, Glamorgan County 4, Trehan is, Borough of Ierthyr 5, Llanelly Town, Carmarthenshire 6, Cardiff Emergency, City of Cardiff 7, Players' Welfare, Borough of Swansea 8, Maesteg (Central), Glamorgan County

301 marks. 299i " 293f " 291 289! "

283t

275t 270

F i' R S T

286 9, Naval Collierie and Penygraig District, Borough of Rhondda 10, Penrhos, Brecknockshire, ii, Chirk, Denbighshire 12, Aberdare, Aberdare "ARTHCR GRIFFITHS

4, 5, 6, 7,

266 1 26S± " 224~

1661

May, 1934.

l\lay, 1934.

AID .

ribs ... humerus . .. ... " fixi t~ or deformity of should~r)oint (no) '" " " elbow JOint (yes) ... and there is a wound at back of elbo\\' thrnllg-h ,,"hich you can see the point of the elbow bOlle.

A I D.

287

Ratlway Ambulance News.

IDIORIAL" CUP .

1, Llanelly, Carmarthenshire 2, Barry, City of Cardiff 3, Abertillery, l\Ionmouthshire 4, Cwmaman, Aberdare 5, Kenfig Hill, Glamorgan Count\' 6, Buckland-Bwlch, Brecknockshire

Diagnosis. Compou nd di location of elbow

264 marks. 229~

2271 196194

Accessory points. 1, Post traffic sentries, using police or A. A. Scouts if available 2, Make use of telephone (none) 3, for (a) doctor (none) )) (b) ambulance (none) " (c) ho pital 4, make use of cars Preferably a light lorry, where patient could l~

5, Ho\', far nearest hospital (10 miles) G, What is weather like (fine, warm) 7. What is volume of traffic (heavy) ... 8, Age of patients (young men)

2 2 2 2 2

2 1 1 1 1

Procedure to determine which appears to be the worse injured and which to treat first. 1, Turn gently over

N ow read instructions and ask can patient be roused (A can, B cannot). Decide A is the worse What is A suffering from (compression) " B (concussion)

10 10 10

Treatment of swelling on head. 1, Tincture of iodine 2, Lint 3, Cotton wool 4, Ring pad 5, Triangular bandage

1 1 1

1 1

I, Greilt \Ve . . tern ( ~ outh Lambeth),

;\1 idland and cotti h (Crewe ~J.lchine hop) " 'ollthern (IIorsham ~ o. 1) I. London and l\Mth Ea tt.>rn (Dukinfield \\'ork ) ;, Southern (\\'alerlon " 13 ") " Great \\'estern (Pont) roo I Road) i , Cheshire Line . . Committee . London and ~orth Eastern (Parke::o.ton and IIarwich) <t , London, ill idland and ' cottish (.\ccrington Loco.)

Removal to roadside.

38-+~

376 360! 359t " 350 310

The judg-es were Captain .\. C. \Vhite Knox, i\1. C., of LLlndon (team and ~o. 5), and Lt.-Col. 1\1. 1acEwan, D. F.C., of 1ps\\ ich (Nos. 1, 2, J, -+) .

By carrying head slightly raised Deduct 10 marks if patient removed before . . pine, femur, pelvis examined. 120

Great Western.

A new motor ambulanCe is to bt" purchased hy Ll1l' Spalding- J oint Ambulance Committee. This wac, decided at the annual meeting held on April 30th.

The F!l1al i\mbulance Competition was held in the ;eneral Meeting- Room at Paddington on Friday, April .?Ith, ",hen eight team competed, The judges were Major J. Orton, of Cm'entry (team te ts), and Dr. 1. H. ~racLcan of t. Mary's Hospital, Paddington (individual

The Metropol itan 'pecial Constabulary Annual .\mbulance Competitions were held on unday, 1\1a~' 14th. R eport of this event will be includ"d in the June Issue of th is J ournal.

LcStS).

H. R. H . the Duchess of York, Commandant-in-Chief of the Nursing Corps and Divisions will present the ~hal lenge Shields and prizes at the St. John Ambulance Bng-ade Finals to be held on May 25th. '3

•

FOUND.-Silver Medall ion and Home Nursing Pendant No . 357,84 1 ; Bro nze Medallion No. 267,184 . . Owners ca;' obtain same by applying to Corps Surt. R. H . Baker, 4/, Harold-street, Burley, Leeds, 6.

Further examination of A. irregularity or deformity of Jaw (no) 2, Any S., 1., D. of clavicles 3, sternum

413 marks.

) London,

Treatment for shock. Fanning Blankets Hot water bottles Stimulants on returning to consciou"llc . . "

Total

Inter- Railway Ambulance Competition. The 1934 compeli[ion \\'as held al the Wharncliffe Rool11s, Great Central IIotel, London, on Tuesday, ;-'Iay 15th. O\\'int; to the proximity of the \Vhit un Holidays, and a l..,o press day, \\C arc unable to include our u ual com preh en iHo! l"I.'port in this i. ue. Our June is ue \\'ill, ho\\-c\-er, c lnlain a r~port of the full proceedings together with the j lld~e..,' criticisms and marking- heel. \\' Me abk to include the result of the competition which w<t . as follo\\'!:> :

Continue examination of A. 1, .\ny swelling, irregularity, deformity of forearm 2,)))) " " hand .. . 3, fixity or deformity of wrist joint 4, bruising or swelling of abJomen 5, S., 1., D., of pelvis 6, spine 7,,, )) femur Any S., 1., D., of patella tibia or fibula :: fixit;,' or deformity at hip joint Note method of testing hip Any fixity or deformity at knee joint ,,)) " ankle joint

TEAM TEST.

Any visible signs of hcemorrhage (no)

Treatment of elbow. 1, Tincture of iodine 2, Lint 3, Cotton wool 4, Bandage 5, Bandage arm to body .. .

20n "

The Principal Secretarj· expressed the gratitude of tl~e Priory to the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress for th:upresence which was an encouragement to tl:e .teams-I~ dicatin a as it did public interest in, and appreciatIOn of their serdce~. The Lord Mayor, in handing the shield to the captain of the Newport (010n.) team, referred to his pe~sonal interest in their work and the great advance made 111 the Ambulance 100"ement since tbe time wben he qualified for a First Aid Certificate of the St. John Ambulance Association. The Lady fayoress handed the cup to the captain. of the Llanelly ursing team; and Colonel H. E. 1\1. Ll!1dsay, C. B. (Chairman of the Glamorgan County Centre) took the opportunity of presenting to the Kenfig Hill team tbe Glamorgan County Centre Shield. Vote of thanks to the Lord Mayor and Lady l'.layoress and the judges for their valuable sen' ices were heartily accorded.

j, Any swelling,

FIR S T

Does your colleagu e read PI R.S r Al D, if not, send us his address and we will post him a copy.

The Competition was realistically staged and the \\-ork of the competing team wa watched throughout the lay by a nnmber of intere ted spectators, including The Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Horne, G.B.E., K.C., 1\I.P., Chairman ) f the Company, and other Directors, Officer, railwaymen and medical men fr0111 all parts of the Line. At the ub equent proceedings Sir Robert Horne pre,ided, and among those present were Lord Palmer, )epnty Chairman; Mr. R. Cope, Chief Accountant; 1\11'. r. F. Lean, Principal A st. to the General Manager; M1'. t. CarpmacI. Chid Engineer; Mr. C T. Cox, Div. Supt., rl lld Dr. H. H. Cavendish-Fuller, Chief Medical Officer. The Centre Secretary Miss C. A. AuIt, announced the result of the competition as under:1 and Directors' Challenge hield, outh Lambeth, 229 'n arks; 2 and "Carvell" Cup, Pontypool Road, 227; 3, ~ windon, 222; 4, Liskeard, 201; 5, Paignton, 201; 6, ~ arry Loco) 186; 7, Weymouth, 183; 8, Bourne End, 169. The Chairman congratulated the winning teams and particularly Pontypool Road, YVi1111ers of the Tntcr-rai lway

Shield in 1933. South Lambeth and Pontypool Road would represent the Company in this year's contest with other railways for that trophy, and as the Great Western Railway was second to none he hoped it would keep possession of the headship in this matter. Ambulance work required, he said, no public recognition to justify it. 'When they thought of what their efforts meant in the way of alleviation of human suffering and the saving of human life, they must cherish in their soul the feeling that they were doing something good ,,"hich elevated the tandard of ordinary life. Accidents \vere inevitable in such a sen-ice as theirs. The value of the work they were doing could not be exaggerated. Concluding, the Chairman said he had watched some of the \York of the competitors that day and if he were eYer in such a predicament as the patients, he should hope to ha\'e Great V\- estern railwaymen to attend to him. The "Directors'" Challenge Shield and prizes were then presented to the "'inning team, the" Carvell" Cup and prizes to the runners-up and prizes also to the third and fourth teams, and the Bourne End team received the "Butt BO\"I," awarded annually to the best Beginners' t cam in the competitions. A number of medal and certificate awards \vere also presented for exceptionally efficient first aid performed by Great \Vestern Railway ambulance men during the year 1933. The awards \vere as under : Gold Medal Award.-George A. Jones (Goods Porter), Rhayader. Silver ::-.redal Award.-\Yilliam H. Taylor (Dock Gateman), Cardiff Docks. Bronze Medal Award.-Ernest C. Williams (Conductor), Aberdare. Certificate Awards .-Robert E. Jones (District Lampman). Shre,,- bury: Reginald G. ?\ odder (Relief Clerk), Plymouth; Franci \\Tinniatt (Driver), Aberdare ; John C. Blayney (Signalman), Traw coed; Frank C. Jones (Tele<Traphist), Bri tol Joint; lfred J. Soffe (Tinsmith), \Yol\'erhampton; Robert Biggs (Ganger), Kemble; Thomas Mends (Ganger), T eyland; Joseph Coldicott (Lengthman). mall Heath; Joseph l\J. Bevan (Porter). Bargoed; Evan Ed\\-ards (Lengthman), Ferndale; vViIliam C. vVilIiams (Lcngthman). Ferndale. Replying to a vote of thank, the judge commented on the standard of work of the competing teams, and Dr. Fuller al 0 gave his opinion on the practical work achieved by G.W. ambulance \yorkers throughout the year. WORCEsTER .-The annual gathering of ambulance workers in the \Vorce ter Division took place in the Guildhall, \ Vorcester, on April 18th, when 1\1r. J. F. Lean, Principal Assistant to the General l\1anager, attended to present competition trophies, prizes and medals. Mr. H. ]. Peacock, Div. Supt., presided, and was supported by local officers of the Company, Dr. Leslie Newton, the Deputy Chief Constable, and other City officials. Mr. Lean particularly congratulated thc Division on t he large number of efficiency medals he was called upon to present. It was continued efficiency which stood the ambulance worker in good tead in time of need. He also tre sed the necessity of gettino- the younger men interested in the movement in order to carryon the work. A special tribute was paid to Mr. \V. J. vVaite, the Divisional Secretary, who had held that position since 1913, ~nd 1\lr. Lean also referred to the debt due to the medical profession.

288

FIR S T

The (( Kilbourne Kay" Shield was presented to the Loco Running (Advanced) team, and competition prizes, long service medals and examination awards to member' of the _everal classes were distributed. 1\Ir. R. W. Higgins, Div. Supt., presented the ('Kilbourne Kay" Cup (Beginners 'trophy) to the Kidderminster team. SWINDoN.-1\Iembers of the several Swindon ambulance classes met at the Queen's Royal Hotel. Swindon, on April 13th, to receive their examination awards at the hands of Alderman J. L. Calderwood. The function took the form of a smoking concert provided by the .( Rascals Concert Party," and Mr. J. Auld, Principal Assistant to the Chief Mechanical Engineer, presided. Among the large company present were the Mayor of Swindon, lr. VV. H. Bickham, local officers of the Company and class officials. The l\1ayor, tracing the history of the Order of St. John, spoke of the important part played by the railway companies in first aid work, and made special reference to the alarming numher of road accidents. He congratulated the Swindon Division on the fine work they wer e doing-. The awards included a large number of g-old medals for IS, 20, 2S and 30 y ears' efficiency. ' BIRMIXGILUL-1\Ir. F. Overbury of Hockley Goods Station has been appointed Divisional Ambulance Secre-

Presentation of the Directors' Challenge Shield to South Lambeth team by the Rt. Han. Robert Horne, G.B.E., K.C., M.P., at the G.W.R. Ambulance Competition Final. tary for the Birmingham (No. 12) Division, 111 the place of Mr. C. H. Overbury recently deceased. M~ . . ~. Overbury, who is a younger br'o ther of the late DlvlsIOnal Secretary, has been a keen worker in the first aid cause for a number of years, and ambulance workers in the Birmingham Division will be glad to know that the secretarial work in connection with the movement, so ably discharged by Mr. C. H. Overbury in the past, is remaining in the family. .He has this year been awarded the Quarterly Century effiClency medal granted by the Great W estern Railway Company.

London, Midland and Scottish. Nine ~eams, the survivors of a total entry ·o f 476, competed m the L.M.S. Ambulance Finals held in the Midland Grand Hotel on Friday, April 27th.

A I D.

May, 1934.

The judges on this occasion were Dr. A. Wyse, of Birkenhead (team), Dr. A. Riley, of toke-an-Tren t (individual), and Dr. C. Gordon Lewis, of Stoke-on-Trent (viva voce). . ~he team test was well staged and represented th l.. Intenor of a room complete with household furnitur e. ThC' acting of the patients was a splendid piece of work, all movements being a natural. We admire the "sister" patient on whom artificial re piration was applied by each team. The individual tc t wcrc cOIiducted in private. Throughout the day th e work done was witncssed b\ a large mm1ber of cnthusias tic ambulancl! men an ~' women, who followed the various points in a critic a~ manner. At the conclusion of the tests 1\1r. G. L. Darbyshire' (Chief Officcr for Labour and E tabli hmcnt) prcsided <t. the presentation mectin D'. Amon D' those on the platform was Lieut. General ir Aylmer IIllnter-\Vc ton, Chal cellor of the Order of t. John, :\1r. J. II. IIcndersOl Assistant Secretary of the ~t . nclrew " Ambulan c« Association, Si r Guy Grallet, and many officers of th( L.1\I.S. The result of the competition \Va ' annollnced a follows : 1 Crewe \Vorks ...... 473 J Mayfield tation ... 4-+8. 2 Accrington 1\LP.S. 46H 6 Carlisl e Traffic ... 4293 V\TolYerhampton 7 LiYcrpool Works ((A" 458 D.G.1\I.O. 424 4 Newcastle (Staffs) 455! 8 Knighton ............ 416 9 Preston Passenger tation 400. 1\Iaximum number of marks being 550. Crewe \\Torks and Accrington will therefore represent th~ . L.1\I. . in the l~ter-Rail "" ay Challenge hidl CompetltIOn. CongratulatIOns are duc to the member ' 0the Accrington team for their plendid effort this bell1 r their first appearance in the final. ' irs. Deni :\Iackail graciou I)" presented the challen ge shield and incliyidual prizes, also gifts to the Distri ct Ambulance secretaries as an appreciation of their 'work. The judges commcnted on the competitors' work and congrat lllated them on the excellence of same . . It speaks well for the arrangement made by ene rgetIc secretary, 1\1r. G. . IIill, that the competitions we n carried through without a hitch. The story of the team test act was a follows :-"Thc members of the team are having a week-end in the country. as. 1 and 4 are brothers and they have a married sist e ~hc: lives next door to where they are lodging. She ha.; l11vlted her two brothers to come and hear her new c1e c tric gramophone. When they arrive she is a the gramophone and her son is playing on thL floor. Something goes wrong with the gramoph011l , and while (::\1ary ' is trying to correct the defel t she gets an electric shock. She tries to say somethin l. b~lt falls, and in so doing knocks ovcr h er son, who hur ts h1s arm. Part way through the test' 11ary's' fath er appears.'> Time allowed was 18 minutes. Marks allotted were : 5 Any further danger 5 Suggest stop current 3 Is she breathing (no) Schafer without delay Turning on face Kneeling at side Head to one side Arms up Hands on lower ribs Thumbs parallel And close to spine Fingers spread Arms kept rigid Leaning forward Smartly rising

May, 1934.

FIR S T

Hands kept on ribs waying from knees Smelling salts (2) ; wet towel (2) Attention to boy (who is crying) . Not a king if conscious Where are you hurt (my arm) Any other place (no) Rai ing carefully (2) and exposing arm (3) Any bleeding- (yes at elbow) .\rt rial (no) Venou (no) Capillary (ye ) Any deformity (yes 3 inches above elbow) Iuch of it (ye ) Any irregularity (yes) An) ..."ound (no) Telling other hearer what is wrong eating boy in a chair heering- him ome supp rt for arm .\t thi tage que tion of ductor and fetching other b arers arises. .. 1\ o. 1- decides

2 1 4

3 2 2 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 4 2

Cre\\,(' ;\lachine hops Team recelnng the L. 1. Champion hip Shield from Mrs. Dennis l\IackaiJ, wife of the well-known author. Any messenger at hand (no) Telephone (yes, in room) Telephone for doctor Tot for ambulance Not to hospital Proper telephone messa~e Send for other bearers One bearer is now left alone . Is Mary breathing yet (no) Continues Schafer... Other bearers enter No.4 assigns duties to them (1); as boy's arm (1) ; finding apparatus (1) ; assisting in Schafer (1) " Mary has taken a breath." Timing Schafer Rubbing Old man enters, excited. They try to soothe him He falls (unconscious and snores).

A I D.

289

Diagnosing apoplexy by ;Breathing Colour Pulse Limpness Pupils Temperature of skin Laying on h!s back Head to one side ... Raisi ng head and shoulders on pillows Loosen ing clothes-jacket, vest, collar, braces Cold to head Asking for ice, cloths, sponge Applying continuously Warmth to abdomen And legs By hot water bottles Wrapped in flannel Each tested by bare el bow Rug over body Rug under body : Leaving him where he is till doctor arrives 1ary recovering ~ ;-

Lady Stamp handing the L.l\J.S. 'Vomen's Championship Cup to the captain of the Euston Audit Team. 2 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 2

4 3 3 5

Removed to couch-2-handed seat Wrapped in blanket Stimulants given ... Has she any injury (burn of hand) Treatment of hand. Bowl of warm water Bicarbonate of soda (a dessertspoonful to a pint of warm water) Lint soaked in Cotton wool Bandage S ling ... Boy's arm. Iodine at elbow Dressing at elbow Bandage Greenstick fracture diagnosed Arm supporting while splinting 2 splints Padding

10 -+

3 3 2

2 2 2

3 3

290

F I RS1'

2 bandages (upp r (2) i lower (3) ) Large sling . \t the end one bearer should be watching lary's breatbing; one keeping ice on th old man's head; one attending to boy's arm or l\1ary's hand i while '0. -+ is supervising

5 3

5 250

Following thl! pre 'cntation of prize ' a pleasing ceremony took place. Dr. ::\landall Coate, on behalf of the Ambulance :ecrctarie throu o'hout the line, presented to ::\1r. George Jackson a et of cuff link ' , a gold cigarette ca e and a lighter to match, al 0 a w a llet of no t e a a small appreciation of hi untiring effort during the many years he a i ted ::\11'. G. . Hill a the assi tallt ambulance secretan'. The pre entat ion \\ a ' re..:eind ",ith great acclamation Clnd ::\1r. Tackson tha nked th ose \\ho had contributed to\\'a rd t1i.e gi ft .

. \. rep o rL of the L.M . . \Yomen's Competition ",ill be f ound in" Our Xur es' Page."

BUCKPooL.-The pre entation of the .. Progre s " Ambulance Trophy, open to members of the Blackpool Rail",a ymen ' Ambulance Class for indiyidual competition, took place in the Albion Cafe, Blackpool. The judges at the competition were Supt. G. Ralphs, Lytham 't. Anne's S.lA.B.) and l\lr. E. Silcock, the hon. class secretary. The ",inner ""as l\1r. W. Henshaw, Loco Dept., ",ith 30~ mark out of a possible 40. ~1r. R. O. Bannister, Station l\laster Blackpool Central, presented the cup. He ,,,as supported by 1'.1r. Hewitt, Station ::\laster Blackpool North. Abo ut 150 guests attended the social and an enjoyable enning ",as spent. ::\1r. \Y. H. Olberg, the Amateur Dancing Champion of Blackpool, aded as M.e. for the dancing . During the enning a quick-step competition \vas held and judged by ::\1iss P. Farrar, of St. Anne's. Prizes " 'ere ginn by l\lessrs. Banister and Hc\'\'itt. Arrangements for the fW1ction were earned out by the hall. secret ary, ::\1r. E. Silcock, Kith the assistance of his committee.

London and North Eastern. _ The Group Competition bet'v\'eCll leading teams of the Jour L. & ~.E.R. centres was held at ::\1aryfebolle Station Ull April 19th. Lieut.-~ol: !'. A. Brooks, M.D., set and judged the team and mdl\'Jdual tes t s, which were of a very high standard. Some inte re ting work was vV' itnesscd and at the conclusion of the competition Capt. W. Goodley, competition ccretary, announced the results as follows :-lst, Great Easter n (Parkeston and Harwich); 2nd, Great Central (Dukinfield \"Iorks); 3rd, North Ea tcrn (Tyne Dock); 4th, Great Northern (Boston). Th e first and se'cond team will compete in the Intcr-Railway Competition and also represent England in the L. & N.E.R. England versus Scotland International. Among those who witnessed the competition was Mr. ),lcLaren (Se cretary to the L.N.E.R.), Mr. Dowsctt (Asst. Secretary), Dr. J. G ..),1cBride (l\1edical Officer), Mr. ~afton (S.ecretary ~pC'clal Ambulance Committce), Messrs. r. O. ~1E'lJ1 , T. Smlth and S. Cooper.

A I D.

May, 1934 . SOUTIlER

AREA.

G.C. SECTIO

It ha' been annoullced thal the Han. E. B. BullerHender on, a Dircctor of the L. & ~.E. Rail" ay) ha kindly COll ented to becomc Pre idcnl of thc Great Central mbulance Centre, ill succe . ion to hi father the late Lord Faring-dOll.

SOUTHERN AREA.

G.E. SECTIO

C\.\l,BRlUt:c:.-lIigh tributes to the dIicienc} of the Cambridg-e (G.E.) Di\ i ion Ambulance ~orps was paid at the dinner and concert ,\ ith \\ hich memher of the Corps celebrated thei r j uhil L' at the Raih\ a \. 'ocial Cluh on Saturday. April 1-1-th. ~ Mr. J. Roger (l)i tncl · upl.) prl'sidl'd, c.tncithose sup porting included the ::\Iayor (Councillor A. .'pald1l1g). Councillor R. EI dCIl, ::\11'. " ". '"arnc)' \Vebb (Coullty Chid Con table), Dr. Coombs, Dr. IIl1~'h .\pthorpe \\·cbh. ':\les rs. A. H. Ree. (District Loco ~upt.), R. II. R. Garra \\ay (A t. Loco · upt.), .\. II. \"right ( t. Di tnct Supt.), T. O. ::\IeJll (~'ecrctary c..E. Ambulance Centre), and other officer . Tlle Chairman, aftcr annoLlncin.r; the receipt of numerous apologies for absence, alluded tn the 10 . which thf' ambulance \\ork had suffered through thl! death o f ':\1r. ::\lagnus. The company ro c and stood for a few moment in silence. Continuing, the Chell r1l1an Stud this \\ a ' a great occa sion-the jubilee of the existence of the 'ambridge Corps. Some 1,200 members had been traincd in first aid 'work. The efficiency of the Corps could be gathered fro111 the fact that only 21 out of 371 had iailed to pass the ('xRmina tion during the past 10 }ear . Propo ing- .. The Cambridge (;.E . •\ll1bulance Corps," ::\1r. T. O. i\Jein alluded to the elf - acrificing- and public spirited work of the men who, hefore the 1110yemellt wa" fostered hy the C011lpany, and hefore thc : .J.A.B. ,va ill existence, establish d thc ambulance claes from \\ hich the Corps has pn1l1~·. l\lr. \ iV hitehead ( 'ecrelary) said t11al although he had about 20 years sr]'\'icr hr felt quitc a junior compared with some of the yeterans he aw pre ent. .:\Jr. R. H. R. Garra\\ ay propo cd the toat of .. The il1edical Profes ion," to \\ hich Dr. Coomh replied. The il1ayor re ponded fOI- "The Viitor ," and con gratulated th( ~ Cambridge Corp on the keenness with which it carried on for fifty year. The various toasts were intersperscd by mllsical selections.

----. _ ._--

Southern . The interior of outhem House, Cannon Street, on 18th, depicted a wayside station by the namr of Haver tock-some five miles from Dickstowl1 . Here it \;\,' (l.S that twelve teams, winners of the g:roup com petitions, competed for the" Directors' " Challenge Shield and for the honour of reprcsenting the Southcrn Rail way in thf' Inter-Railway Final. As is usual with this Company, thc srtling- of the team test left nothing to imagination and the staging was mos t elaborate. The story of the test was : "On a Sunday morning in the summer time th e members of the team are supposed to arrive by train a t IIave.r:stock-a lonely spot-from Diekstown , wh ich is fiv e miles away, and after carrying out some amhulance prac Wedne~day, April

FIRST

May, 1934 .

tice, kayc their equipment 1Il charge of lhe porter at the lIalt. Jt is now late e\ elling, and after a stroll in the country lanes the members of the team are approachingthe llalL \\ ith the intention of catching the last train back to Dicksto\\ n. A motor car, \\ ith a woman at the wheel, IS seen to be drinng can:1c Iy clown the hill, and doubt IS exprcs. cd as to \\ hether it will collide with the train which I ohserved to bc leaving the station. All that rcmain ' of Corbet Ca:tlc i secn on the right. The motor car cloe ]lot colliclt: \\ ith the train as anticipated, but ...trike a po t at the ll'vcl cro sing and i smashed! .. The mcmbers of the team hasten to the scenc of th(' accident and on arrl"al find that the mall, who was riding in the rear 'cat, ha ' been thro\\ J1 out and is lying on his iace ill thc muddy maci. WIth his head and upper limbs on the lope Icacltng to the platform. The \\ oman driver, who IS 111 an hysterical ·tatc, i ' tryim~: to cirag the patienl ofT the slope. The telcphOllL. at Haycrstock Halt is tCIl1)lorarJl} out oj order. ".\11 l'x<tJ11J11atinl1 of tht' man \\ ill discluse that he is SU!,il rtJ1~ ir(l1l1 an inci 'cd ,\ (lund of the forehead '\'Jth \ LJlOliS hlcedin~. conclission, i1l1plc fracture of both pet tellac .. Fi itLlIl m illute · a itL'r the tesL l)e"'lJ1S the la t train leaves lla\lr~t()ck HaIL i(Jr Dick tu\\'n. At the latter ::-lcnioll a <lnctor happcns (0 ml'ct the t rain and if rcque tcd will ~' l\' L Instructi(Jn: tn thl' team ior the further care oi I hl! pat ient." Thl. tL~t wa in the capabl e hands of Dr. • '. Corbet l-'It'l ch\.'r. whilst the ind1\ Idual tesL, conducted in pri\'atl', \\'Ul! 111d!!,'cd Iw ])r. T. I. :\ichnl of DonI' and Dr. A. ),1. I)()llm=k ot TU;lhridgc \\'Llb. .\ large gathl'ring \\ <ttchcd (hL team at \\ urk and the l'xl'llkncl' oi thl' competitors \\cll rcpaid the pectators ior the l ime pe11t. ~lr IlLrlwrt \\' alker pre"lciLd 0' Lr the prl'entation 111tltll1g,uppor tcd hy .\Ir. and ::\1L". S) lumper, the judges and various officlrs of tht: CumpaJ1}. E . . \. RIchard..;. competiti(J1l SLcretary, announced the results, \\ hlCb ,\ erl :-

,rr.

Horsham .1. ·0 . 1... 373~ l ·().l ............... ... 3331 9 ~e\\' ro Gate 3 \Vaterloo "}\" ... 3261 i'Jo.2 .. ........ ..... -1- 'olttha1l1ptoll \\'e -t 29-1- 10 A hfard ~tation 5 lIorsham TO. 2 ... 288~ 1\ o. 1 ............... 6 llfracombe ......... 28'=;~ 11 h ford \-Yorks '7 Exmouth Junction "A" ............... ::\0. 1 ............... 285 12, outhctmpton H Rrickla) ers rms Docks "E" )'Iaxi1l1111l1 .:\Iarks, -1-50.

2/'=;~

:2 \Vaterloo "R"

26·H 2-1-3 2-1-1 238

The Challenge. hiclcl and indi"idnal prizes \\ erc presl'llted by :0lr '. Sylumper} in thc unctyoidablc ab 'Cllce of Lady Walker. l\Iis chooley presented a houquet of hcautiful flowers to Mrs. Sylul11p I'. Si r II erbert \Yalker presented a g'olc! watch to l\1r. llleston, ecretary of the Ea tleigh Amhulancc Centre for 30 years, for hi long service to the ambulance movement which extended oyer 37 vcars. The j udo'c adclre eCl thc compctitors and ga \'e \yord () f aclvice for future oeca ions. Thc proceedings closed ,,,ith yotes of thanks to Sir J r erhcrt Walkcr for presiding, to 1Jr. ylumper for prescnting the av,'ards, to the eloctors, tewards and all who had assisted.

---_. _ . - - Lieut.-General Sir Aylmer Hunter-vVeston of llunterton, KC.B., D,S.O., R . E., M.P., Chancellor of the Order of St. J ohn, will be the Inspecting Officer at the No.1 (Prince of Wales's) District, S. J .A. B., annual inspection to be held in H yde Park on June 9th.

A In.

291

Problem in First Aid. The sun is shining in the sky, A patient is about to die! But don't be alarmed he is quite at re l. It is only an ambulance competition test. The docLor says" Bring- first team in And let the dirty work begin," The Captain says" Oh! Doctor, dear, Don't you think the weather queer? " To ask such questions 011 a day like this, The doctor says" There's something amiss," He sa\'s "Tut, tut, tut, ridiculous to utter," So he 'sets the Captain's heart a-flutter. The crowd who hear thi , by the way, .\re \\'ondering what next he will say, They think the Captain a funny fellow Because he asks about the weather. N ow patient is bandaged from head to foot :\nd, I assure you, he looks like old King Tul. Captain says" \\'e have bandaged his head And bandaged his thigh, \\'e were afraid he was going to die." The doctor will say" Don't say what you do, I'm here to see the whole thing through." The Captain looks at rest of team AmI feels as if he i going to scream. l\'umber two competition comes around, The patient i:i lying on the ground, The sun is shining as before, o this is where you laugh once more. The Captain say "I will not ask about the weather Because the doctor will think I'm a ridiculous fello",', I will not tell him what I'm doing, Or else, I can feel, there's trouble brewing." So, thinking he has doctor weighed up, He decides to carry off the cup. But when he is finished, poor deluded fellow, The doctor says" "'ell, '\'ell, well! I ne\'er ! " " You know its supposition and imagination too, You ne\'er asked if "'eather \\'as blue. You took things for granted and said not a \\'ord, So, to put it quite \'ulgar, you'll get the bird." The cro\\'d, looking on, think Captain fine fellow, But wIlY did he not ask about the weather? One old wi e head in the crowd Said" They are cally\\'ag-s, I'll be bound." He said" If I had been Captain in that rl1an' place I ""ould simply ha\'e made it a one-hal' e race . " He said he knew what was wanted-'tis true, But then he had been watching it all the way through. So now, dear doctor, when you've had your rest And made up your mind about next te t, Try to be tolerant, so tolerant, and then You will carn th gratitude of the ambulanl.'e men. SERGT.

J. l\IcTIERNA· .

.1iddlesborough.

Every pe nn y s pent on ad v ertis ing creates prestige , standing and reputation for the firm that spends it. It may not be discernable in immedi ate results , but the effect is certain and the power cumulative.

292

FIR S T

The S.J.A.B. Drill Manual. SUGGESTED REVISIONS A

D ALTERATIONS.

By P. T. E. FOR some time past we have received from numerous readers complaints that the Manual of Drill and Camping issued to members of the Brigade is out of date, and that it is surely time a revision was contemplated. Also that a Brigade textbook on this subject should be issued and the book now in use, and compiled from \li.lar Office manuals, be discontinued. It is well known that the St.-J ohn Ambulance Association, who are responsible for the publishing of textbooks, do not, and rightly so, make alterations unless such are well founded. We propose, therefore, to run through the present Manual on Drill and offer suggestions which we believe will simplify, and clarify, the instructions given.

May, 1934.

A I D.

recruits must be recognised as efficient always and therefore need no £nsinlctions to practice" givi n g words of com mand " or how to address a sq uad of six or sixty. Such instructions, if found necessary, should be incorporated in an extra textbook for instructors. Paragraphs 2 to 6 are too drawn out and could easily be condensed by omitting unwanted insrtuctions such as paragraphs 4 to 6. Paragraph 7 deals with words of command given to men on the move, but why is it necessary to teach such an elaborate method to am bulance men? Gone are the days when Knights of the Order of St. John journeyed forth to fight their foes with weapons. To-day the Order stands for the' succouring of the sick and injured, and is definitely a non-combatant force. The military organisations to whom these instructions were primarily issued, belong to a body of men from whom smartness, machine-like precision is demanded and expected, but to mem bers of the Brigade such instructions are definitely not required. We do agree, however, that certain drill must be taught so that on parade the mem bers of the B rigade are of a smart appearance and we surrrrest a more simplified form of orders.

DEFI ITlONS.

The whole of the three pages allotted to Definitions, could, without detracting from the usefulness of the book, be omitted entirely; or only those applicable to Brigade work inserted. For army work they may be necessary, but for the ambulance worker they are of little or no help. TRAINI G OF RECRUITS.

Chapter 1. deals with the training of the newcomer, and in the very first line of Section 1 we suggest an alteration. This instruction reads: " Recruits will be formed " How much better it would be, if instead of " will" the words "should, where practical" were inserted. It is not every division that has the required number of members available for training or even members qualified as instructors, and this brings us to another point. Instruction 4 (Section 2) states: "Recruits will be advanced progressively from one exercise to another, men of inferior capacity being put back to a less advanced squad." Casting my mind over the many divisions I have visited it is only on rare occasions have I noticed present enough men to form, at the most two, or possibly three sq uads, and in most instances these men were drilled collectively by one instructor. This is, in the main, the usual way in which divisions are drilled, therefore instructions should, for preference, be written for the smaller divisions and not as if hundreds of men were available. WORDS OF COMMAND.

The instructions given here are surely superfluous in the main. Those placed in charge of

SQUAD DRILL

WITH

TERVALS.

Taken as a whole this section is workable xcept for instructions 2 and 3. It is obvious that any training must be adapted to the room or site where the division meets. The orders which follow ( os. 5 to 9) are clearly given, but here again a little too elaborate for the ambulance man. MARCIII

Section 10 deals with length of pace and time of marching. Are members of the Brigade expected to time themselves with stop-watches to make sure that no more or less paces are taken in a given time? One cannot see where this is of service in ambulance work, nor can it make a man a better first aider. The last sentence of Paragraph 1 of Section 2 could easily be omitted as also could the word II belt" in the fourth sentence as drill undertaken by members is often done in mufti. The whole of paragraph 3 should be omitted, whilst paragraph 4 could be altered to meet the requirements of divisions who have to drill in halls or rooms. There, no stones, tufts of grass or other objects can be kept in view for straight marching. The rest of Chapter 1. is on ordinary drill work, not too elaborate for ambulance men, except in one or two places where Brigade work differs from military forces. In this respect we come to the vexed question of saluting. Many members object to this, but we cannot agree with them. Officers are entitled to a salute which, after all

FIRST

May, 1934

said and done, is only a method of greeting a superior; but, what is the position of a member meeting an officer when in mufti? This is not gi ven. Taking Sections 36 to 38 the whole text should be drastically curtailed . The instructions, as now printed, are far too elaborate to be of service, and instructions 3, 4 and 6 could be omitted and all other instructions amended to the use of voluntary ambulance workers.

(To be continued).

~1ice J\mbulance News. ' ITY OF LONDON SPECIAL CON TABULARY. The annual pring- course having fini hed, and the reexaminations duly held, the Indi\'idual Competition for the " :'Ilac R a e " up was held at headquart rs on \Vednesday, .\priI25th. en~ ntecn member compet d, the a djudicator being the "\st. 1. 0., a pt. F . E. Bendix. At the con c lu ion of the te t, apt. A. ' . \\Thite Knox, the hid 1\1. 0., announced the re ult. First place was occupied by~. . .\. G . 'hurchill, followed by Sgt. L. E. Elvin and '. . .\. H. Fool. On 1\Jay 2nd the annual IntC'r-Divi ional Competition for the " ir \\Tilliam mith up" took place at headtjUilrter . ' apt. A. . \Vhite Knox jLld~ed the team te t, and ' apt. F. E. B ndix, the indi\ idua!. .\m o ng- tho:L: prc'>ent \\'ho \Vitne..; ed the event wa_ the ' omll1andant, :'II r. G. T. Foxon, apt. \V. Goodley, 1. C. (Cotnmi ioner, No. 1 Di tri ct, .J ..\. B.), Mr. D. G. ;\lonteith (ol11petition ecr tary, .].A .. \.), Dr. R. B. Duncan, Chief upt. Thump 011, Supt. Booth and erg. T. Rose, of the ity Police, and onicers and member of the Special Ccntabulan'. The CO~l1lalldant presided at the supper which followed the te (s, and called upon Capt. \Vhite Knox to announce the re ult, which \vas as follows : 1st, "B" Division, 162! ; 2nd, "A" Division, H5!; 3rd, "D" Division, 1J6~. " " Di\'ision did not compete. II'. Foxon congratulated the winners, and expressed the hope that an extension of first aid would be made among the Constabulary, and that belter support would be forthcoming. The nUITlber of accidents in the metropolis was appalling, and in dealing with them the Specials could give good service to the public. After the presentation of the Cup and individual prizes and the" IacRae" Cup, by the Commandant, Capt. White Knox expressed his appr eiation of the work done by Commandant C. G. Emery (hon. secretary of the first aid and ambulance section) during the past season, also for his kindnl;ss of again giving the individual prizes for the winning team . Capt. White Knox also ga\'e criticisms of the work done. Capl. Bendix ran through the individual tests, pointing out errors made by the competitors. Capt. Goodley, on behalf of the guests, thanked the Commandant for a pleasant evening. H looked forward to the time when members of the Special Constabulary would make themselves masters of the art of first aid. Mr. Monteith endorsed Capt. Goodley's views. He hoped that in time to come there would be a National Competition for Specials on the same lines as the Regular Police.

A I D.

293 PLYMOUTH

CONSTABULARY.

Extracts from the Director's Report of the Plymouth and District Ambulance Service 011 the Police Force in Plymouth : Mr. W. C. 10hnson, the Chief Constable, merits congratulations on the honour bestowed on him last year by His Majesty the King, who sanctioned his admission to the Order of St. 10hn of Jerusalem. This award was in recog-nition of his distinguished services to the St. 10hn Ambulance 10vement in Portsmouth and particularly at Plymouth. lr. Johnson, himself highly qualified in first aid, has done a great deal to stimulate ambulance study in his Force. As a result, the position at the end of 1933 was First Certificates only 18, Vouchers 64, Medallions 142, Labels 45. Police competition work has also encouraged efficiency and the" Beckly" Ambulance C.up was strongly contested for. The City Police team won the South-West of England Championship for 1933 and thus represented this Area at the ational Competition in London. Inspector G. W . Slocombe's devotion to this cause cannot be too highly commended. Tt,e Chief Constable is also unsparing in his interest in and support of the Ambulance Service and all ranks appreciate the a~sistance of lr. 10hnson, all his officers and men. In the Chief Constable's recent Annual Report on the Plymouth Force, following a pleasing forecast of even closer contact between the Police and Ambulance Service, he referred to the" complete harmony at all times" and to " the spirit of comradeship between both which is so evident at accidents or fires" which, he went on to say, gives a com bined efficiency of service to the public. " \\'EST SUSSEX CO STABL'LARY. County recognition of the fine work of the fir t aid team of the \\'est Sussex Constabulary was marked by the presentation of a cup to the team which won the National Trophy, by Lord Leconfield, the Lord Lieutenant of Sussex and Chairman of the \Nest Sussex County Council Standing Joint Committee. The presentation was made on the Srorts Field of the Chichester Headquarters of the Constabulary and a large number of County Councillor ",ere present. Police representatives of the Chief Constables of Brighton, Hastings, Eastbourne, Folkestone and Portsmouth were a1 0 present. The Chief Con table of \Vest Sus ex, 1\1r. A. S. 'Williams, Deputy Chief Constable W. Brett and Superintendents of the \-Vest Sussex Divisions paraded with a large body of the Force. The cup, the gift of the Chief Constable, is to be held by the winners of the South-Eastern Area eliminating competitions for the" Pim " Challenge Cup. The \Vest Sussex team ha\'e won the Area competition every year since 1928. Lord Leconfield in making the presentation to Inspector B. C. Gee, captain of the team, remarked on the wonderful improvement in the Force since he had known it. Presentations to the indi\'idual members of the team were received by Inspector Gee, P. C. 's Bur$tow (Pet\\'orth), Clapp (Shoreham), Griffin (Worthing), 1 effrey (Horsham), Adamson (Crawley) reserve, and Newell (Slindon) who was a member of the 1931 team. A further presentation was made to Capt. H. . Teague, who for the last time \\'as acting as instructor for the annual training, and took the form of a pair of ea y chair.

------ .--. -----Owing to hea,,), pres ure on our sp2ce, it bas been found impossible to include in this issue all the reports, etc., which have been received. ame will, however, have attention in next month's issue.

Al O.

FIRST

294

Our Nurses' Pages. COMPILED

AMBULANCE 3'

1\0. 1 DISTRICT,

.J,A. B.

DISTRICT FINAL CO;\IPETITIOl\S. - These were held at the Northampton Polytechnic In titute, London, on Saturday, April 28th. ~he. competition for the "I\lacFaddell" cup, open to the wlnnmg teams from each area, was judged by Lt.-Col. F. A. Brook, :\1. D., and Lady District Officer 1\1 iss Walker g-aye marks for uniform. The test was as follow : "Your team is on duty in the ambulance tent at a Sunday school treat being held in a g-entleman's park in July. . "You are call~d to a case, and taking your hayersac wlth you, you go to It and learn that a boy has been c1imbi~g a tree when he slipped and fell, striking the front part of hIS chest on the trunk of a tree which was lying on the ground." . The " ~lounL~arr~t " cup competition (bedmaking) was Judged by Lady Dlstnct Officer l\liss Curtis, and uniforms by Lady District Officer Miss Grindley. In this, each pair ha~ to prepare ?- ~ed for a case of cerebral h<Cl11orrhage, the patIent also suffenng from an injury to her ankle. The "Brooks" efficiency team test for squad and stretcher drill, open to the winning squads of 12 members from each area, was judged by District Officer C. Fitch and Lady District Officer Lady :\Iountg-arret, O. B. E., the latter also awarding marks for uniform. The marks gained by the various entrants were : 'I MacFad~en" Cup.-1, ~emplc, 251 ; 2, Hampstead, 23~~ ; ... 3, East Croydon and Addlscombe, 223t; 4, East Ham, 211 ; ;" Acton, 214. « 10untgarret" Cup.-1, East Croydon and Addiscombe, 69 ; 2, Hampstead, 67t ; 3 v.,' est Ham 63· 4 Civil Service, 62t; 5, Craig's Court, 60.' " , " Brooks" ~fficiency Cup.-1, Ealing, 198~; 2, East Ham, ~89;}, Fll1chley and Southgate, 174; 4, Toynbee Hall, 1/2 ; ;" East Croydon and Addiscombe, 151. . ~he trophies were very kindly presented by Lady Wtlkll1son, who also handed the Nursing Bowl to Ambulance Sister ~ar.ry, Ilford ~~rsing Division, this having been won at a Dlstnct CompetltlOn held at a previous date. Temple ursing Division now represent the District in the Brigade Finals for the third year in succession.

CEl\TRAL AREA, SHOREDITCII NURSING DIVISION.-The annual Divisional Competition for the" Brookes II Cup was held on Tuesday, lay 8th, at Divisional headquarters. Dr. K. F. L.un~, Assistant Commissioner in charge of Central Area, adJudlcated for the First Aid test, Miss Pilkington, Iatron of St. Leonard's Hospital, for the Home Nursing, and Lady District Officer 1iss Walker for Uniforms. The Cup was won by Ambulance ister Miss E. Brookes 'with 87 marks out of a possible 113. Ambulance Sister Mrs . Pegg was runner-up ""ith 84~ . . l'vIr. 1:3. Brookes .kin?ly presented his trophy to the wll1ner (hls Sister), and JI1 hIS remarks said that from what he had seen of the work of the competitors, no unfortunate sufferer wo~ld fear to be treated by anyone of them. They were not llke the would-be helpers in the story of the doctor who, on being remonstrated with by a friend for his ~,nseemly cond~ct after he had met with an accident, said, I am only trymg to keep those first-aider away." Following the presentation and a vote of thanks to the

c:.

•

May, 1934.

lay, 1934.

SISTER.

judge, the latter vcry kindly ga\'e helpful critici m and ad\;ice to the competita"r VVESTERN AREA.-On alurda\ alternoon, i\la)' 5th, i\lajor l\lad\ amara, R. A.'\1. c., accom panied by ,\1 ajor Bankes, County ommi "' ioner; Robinia Vi",counle", I\lountgarret, O. B.E., ..\ssistant County Commissioner: and :\ssistant Commis ioner . J, \\Tarren in peeled three "nluntar)~ Aid. Detachme?t; conneclccl with the Royal Borough of KenslI1gtol1, CraIg s CourL House, and \\'hil('11all ;"\Turs_ ing. Division. Each detachment was \\'ell rcpr scntetl. i\IaJor IacNamara ~a\' (' a vcr} thorou~h examinatilln of each unit, including application of Thomas splint, bedmaking, bandaging, artificial re. piration, cooking-, '>tores, etc. At the close of his in ' pectinn, .\lajor :\lac:\amara cnngratulated allan parade on their efTicien c:, and pointed out that although he ,vas \'ery well satisfied with them no\\, he wished them all to work so that wh e n he \ i"itcd the det ,tchments next year the} might sho\\' an e\'l~ 11 hig-her standard of efficiency.

No.4 DISTRICT,

FIR S T

he was sobbing and groaning. :N'ear also a pillion motor cycle, much damag-cd, wa lying upon another boy who was motionless; 1)(> had blood flowing from a wound on the head. The resulls of the competition were announced as follo\\'~: 1, GuildfonJ, 37':J~ marks; 2, Hasting-5, 321; 3, Litllehampton, 319; 4, Redhill and Reigate, 317; 5, Seaford, 262 1 The trophies and pri/es were kindly presented by (he :'Ilayoress of Reigate. The" Onsl()\.\·" Cup was won by Guildford, and the I' Ethel Deane" Cup by Redhill and Reigatc, \\'ho gained the first and second highest marks of the urn.!\ teams. The" ir \\' illiam Gentle" Cup went to II .. ling-< who gained the highest points of the Sussex team . Y DISrRllT, '. J.. \ .B. DE\'o,\ COt'l\'T\' CO\lf'ETIT10:-'S. - Three tpam . from ~uring Di\ ision.., in the county competed at t. Mary Church Pari",h 1Ldl, Torquay, for the" Gale" hield and I hL' hillito" Cup, and al'>o for till! right to enter the l)i..,tri ct Finals. The) \\ L'rr judgt:d h~ Or. B. Venn Dunn of

:'\\1.

I I.

A I D.

295

teams, who came from Barnstaple, Exeter, Paignton, Parkstone, Redruth, St. 1ves, an:! vVeymouth, and they were each given a team and also indi"idual practical first aid and home nursing tests. larks \"ere allotted for correctness and smartness of uniform. The judges \\'ere:-Team test, Dr. T. :\1. Preece (Exeter) and Sister Tutor :\1 iss Cowie (R. D. and E. Hospital, Exeter); individual practical, Dr. i\lorton Palmer (Teignmouth); home nursing, Sister Evans (Honiton); uniforms, Lady County Officers l\lrs. Townsend (Cornwall) and l\1 rs. Lansdown, A.R.R.C. (Dorset). Paignton once again secured first place, the marks awarded to the \'arious teams being as follows : 1, Paignton (Lady Am buJance Officer l\Iiss Garland, Ambulance Sisters 1\1rs. Webber, l\1iss Hopper and l\liss Galding), 381 j 2, Weymouth, 359! ; 3, Exeter, 353t; 4, Barnstaple, 335; 5, Redruth, 331; 6, St. hes, 326; 7, Parkstone, 2561. Total possible marks were 470. The winners were awarded the" Burns" Shield, and \Ve) mouth, the runners up, the "Ellis" Cup. The latter team also gained the" White" Cup, having obtained higher marks than any other Dorset team competing. For the presentation of trophies by the :'I1ayoress of

.J.A.B.

LYTllAM-ST.-ANNES 1 l:1{SI!':G 01\ ISI01\. -:\t the annual of this Di\'ision held recently, one of the most mterestlng features was the exhibition of ('ooken, \\'her a variety of dishe, suitable for invalid and ot(lers, was shown. Not only \\'~re the .needs of the \er) ~iLk patient'> catered for, but dishes sUitable tor e\'cry stag-e of co 11\ alescence were to be seen, and pr~babl~' what plea cd the guest. most of all was the opportunIty afforded them of samplingthe cooked products before leaving. ' !nspecti~)I1

TO. 8 (DUKE OF CO 'l\'A UGliT'S) DISTRIL.f, .]..\.13. The ~ompetition for 'ursing Di\'ision of the Brigade in counties of Surrey and Su ex, \\'ere held ell RedhilJ, on Saturday, April 21st. Five teams entered, from Guildforcl, Hasting, Littlchampton, Redhill and Reigate and Seaford. . In tl:e first aid test, Dr.. \V. O. ~itl, of Worthing, acted ~s Judge for the first aH.l, dnd 11SS 1\1. Siggers, of Tunbndge ~e[Js, for the home nur ing. Practical individual tests were given by Dr. Nancy Lewis, for the leadcr of each team; Mrs. Colley, of Windlesham, for o. 1 ; and Mis [\. Reynold" of Herne Bay, Nos. 2 and 3. Marks for uniform were awarded by Lady District Officers liss Hay and Lady Peters, A. R. R. C. The card of instruction given in the team test to the leader read: "You have spent the night at a small inn in an isolate~ ~ountry district, being on your way to take part in competttlOn wo:k at a loc~l centre. You are preparing to star:t wh~n a girl, very.agltated, arrives to say a (dreadful accldent has occurred In a lane a short distance off. Proceed to the accident." On arrival at the scene of the "dreadful accitlent" each team found a two-wheeled hand-cart on its side wifh one of the wheels lying near-by, and somc boards on the groun~ which had evide?tly fallen from the cart. A boy was ly1l1g on the road, hls face streaming with bloo~, and

Lady \\'ilkinson presenting the" MacFadden" Challenge Cup to the Temple Nur. ing Di\'i ion who represent No.1 Di triet in the Brigade Finals. Torquay, Sister A. \Veble of Paignton, Irs. 1\1. Bell of IIoniton, and 01. Rowland vVard of Torquay. Paignton won first plac with 281 marks out of a possible 338, and so gained the" Gale" Shield. Barnstaple ecured 266 marks, and Exeter 257. Tn the bed making test Paignton \\ on the "Shillito" Cup with 85 marks out of a pos ible 100. The 1ayor, Jr. H. Green who deputised for the layorcss, presented the awards. He emphasised the importance of everyone kno\""ing omething of first aid. In these days when the motto of life seemed to be " be quick or be dead," the neces ity of first aid knowledge was obvioLls. DISTRICT CO;\IPETITIONS. -The competitions to decide which teams should represent the District in the Brigade Finals to be held in London on I\lay 25th, took place at the Dril1hall, Exeter, on aturday, April 28th. For the tests open to Nursing Divisions, there were 7

Exeter, Irs. T. J. v\'. Templeman, the chair was taken by County Commissioner H. V. 1iller. \Velcoming the officer of the Brigade and the competitors on behalf of the city, the l\layor said all appreciated that a knowledge of first aid had become of "ital importance in everyday life. He hoped that some means might be de\'ised in the future whereby the number of accidents might be diminished. He congratulated all on the splendid'" work they were doing and for their enthusiasm to become efficient. He also thanked 1\1r. and l\lrs. H. C. Rowe for their kindness in entertaining the guests, judge and officers to lunch and tea. There were a number of \'isitors present to watch the \'arious tests, and these included the Sheriff, fr. R. J. Rew Col. C. 1. Ellis, Surgeon-in-Chief, S.J . A.. B. ; Lady Perrott' R. R. C., Lady-Supt.-in-Chief, S.J.A. B. ; Lady Humphreys: President, District Nur ing Association; l\ l iss Rew, Col. de la Prynne, Capt. Rodier Heath, County Commissioner, Dorset; Assistant County Commissioners Major F. R. Gibb~

FIR S T (North Deyon), Col. H. Spackman (Exeter and East Devon) and Mr. H. J. Vick ( lid-Deyon). '

L.1\1.S. RAILWAY CO.\IPETlTIO:\l FOR \VOi\IEN.-No fewer than 17 teams entered for the fifth annual competition for women employees of the L.tI!. S. Railway which \-"as held on May.fth. . The tests, ,,,hich ,,'ere based on first aid only, were Judged by Lt.-Col. 'vV, Archibald, ~1.D, ( ledical Officer of Health, Luton), te3.m test; \V. H. Maguire, Esq., B . A., 1. B., B.Ch. (Roade), indi\'idual practical te ts; A. S. Bums, Esq., l\1. B ., Ch. B. (London), Oral. Naturally, with so many entrants, the judges were kept busy all day. , The team leader was supplied with 2 cards of instructlO~, the first reading, "While on the platform waiting for a train to take you to an ambulance competition, word is brought to you by a newspaper ~oy, that a female carriage cleaner has been found unconscIOUS near the end of the platform. The weather is dry and cold. Act." Ha\'inO' proceeded to the patient, the competitors found from card No.2.that "the patie~t is an elderly woman, and you find ~er lying on her left slde, bleeding profusely from a 'w ound In the l~ft temporal region, and also that her left ~tocking is soaked 111 blood. Her right foot is in an unnatural position. Blankets, etc., are a\'ailable in the refreshment room." The I:0or won~an was found to be suffering from a scalp woun.d With artenal hremorrhage, a burst varicose vein (causmg unconscious?ess), and a fracture of the right leg. Fo: the presentatIOn of the championship cup and prizes, the chaIr was taken by E. J. H. Lemon, Esq., vice · President of the L. 1. S. Railway, and the results were announced as follows : .. 1, Euston Audit, 277i marks; 2, Derby Offices, 271 j ,), Eu.ston Od~l11ents, 266i j .f, Manchester No.2, 266; 5, Bnstol,. 2592",~ 6, 'W olverton, 256 j 7, Glasgow A and P:eston (tIe), ~;);) t ; 8, Euston No.2, 254; 9, Glasgow B, 2:>2 ; 10, Dubltn, 242; 11, Manchester No. 3 236 1 . 12 B' . h 1 ' 2' , lrming am, 231 '2 ; _13, Camden, 230 ; H, Derhy C. & W., 228i. j 15, Leeds, 22:> i ; 16, lanchester TO. 1, 212. Total pOSSIble marks, 350. The cup and the individual prizes awarded to members of the firs,t four teams, were very kindly presented by Lady Stam p, Wife of the Presiden t of the L. M. S. Rail way, The Chairman said how pleased he was to see so many officers of the Company present. That was a great en'couragement to fir st aId work. He wished to propose a hea~ty vote of thanks to ~ady Stamp for attending and presentll1g the awar~s, to MISS Mervyn, Welfare Supervisor of the women and girls employed on that railway, for all the work she had done among the female staff in connection wit~ first aid j and also to the judges for their splendid serVIces that day. In reply, Lady Stamp said it was a great pleasure to he.r to be present. The work the female staff were doing in thiS way was very much appreciated. Miss Mervyn said that it was her wish that the women employees of the Railway should have the same attention as the men, The judges, after replying to the vote of thanks accorded to them, each pointed out errors made by the various team~, and gave useful hints to the .:ompetitors for future occaSIOns.

. NATIONAL V.A.D. CAMP. - The National V.A.D. Camp wtll be held this year at Northwood Park Sparsholt near Winchester, from May 18th to June 12th. ' , N orth w~od. Park was former! y known as Clayesmore School, and IS situated on the crest of the Downs three miles north-west of \Vinchester. The house contains its own chapel, and has a fine swimming bath. As usual, members will be allowed to go down for the

A I D.

May, 19.34.

Whitsuntide holiday, and will receive as much drill and instruction as possible during thal time. From 1\lay 22nd onwards the proO'ramme wi ll be In three periods of one week eaL'h, and c~mplele courses of lectures will be given during each period on First i\id in Chemical Defen~e; Hygiene and Sanitation; Camp Cookery. Each course wdl be followed by an examination. Officer and members will be expected to attend one course only of lectures during each period, and to take the examination. The Adjutant-General to the Force, General Sir Cecil Romer, will inspect the Camp on Saturday, l\Jay 26th.

BRIGADE O\'ERSEAS.

SOUTH AUSTRALIA.

No. 1 NURSING Dn'lsIO, .- During January, thi DiviSIO~ was particularly acti\'e, having attended 66 public dutIes at Glenelg, Henley Beach, Semaphore and righton Casualty Rooms, the 5 K.1\. Picnic at National Park the 1.0.0. F. at Ha\\'thorndene, the Trotting- at the \\'a~' \'ille Oval, and the 1. T. T. Picnic,; at Henley Beach. 125 l~lem bers took public duty on these occa -ion, the number of cases treated being 510. During the hot spell, the ca ualty room<; at Glenelg, Henley .Beach and S maphore were tafTed c<tch day, and the services of the nur:.e wer \'ery mu ch appreciated. The most serious cases treated included gr enstick fractures, fractu,red toes, crushed ankle, dislocated finger, and fi h hook In leg. The first meeting of the Division thi, year was held in February, when 32 member attended. orp O/licer R. Mc~achlan. accepted an invitation to be present, and ga\ e a~ Interestll1g and instructive talk on competition work. NlI1e teams have been arranged and the members ar catrer to beE;in practice for the com'-petitions which will take pl~ce towards the end of the year. . One member gave practical in trucLion on home nur tng to a class at Henley Beach. It is intere ting to note that one memb r cf the Di\'ision~ a Siste: E. Roennfeldt, has ju t compieted 17 }ear~' effiCient service. BRICHTON SUB-DJ\'ISloN.-The Ladie Sub-Di\·i:.ion has only been in existence since December, but early in January every member ,,\,as supplied with full indoor uniform. TI;ey are doing- good work, and the ecretary, 1\lr5. Osborne, IS to be congratulated on her untirincJ' eJTorts. Public duties have so far been restricted t~ beach work. From January 1st to February 18th, 23 members took duty at the Brighton Casualty Room, where 20 cases were treated. In January members were gi\'en an interestin o' talk and demonstration by Lady Corps Officer Miss V . Wat on on "How to Prepare a Casualy Room for the Doctor.)) The Divisional Surgeon, Dr. Hicker, also gave an interesting lecture on the blood. . . A team ha: .been formed to cOl'npete in the coming Bngade competItIOns, and they intend to work hard and carry off the prize. The Division is very fortunate in havinO' had the Brig~lton Institute pl.aced at its disposal for its;:'fortnightly meetll1gs, and the actIOn of the Committee in allowing the use of this building is very much appreciated by the members. I tems (Dil isional news and competitiom, social, in teresting duties, lectu res, etc.), fo r this page shocld be sent to Ambulance Sist er, c/o The Editor, FIRST Am , 46, Cannon Sr. , L ondon, E.C.4.

The "DECORATORS' « PAINTERS' MAOAZINE"

8d. monthly) Is THE trade paper for aU Interestetl.PubUshlng Office: ,.6, Cannon Street, E.C .-4.

FIRST

May , 1934.

S.J .A.B. Overseas. BOMBAY CORPS. TilE Governor of Bombay, His Excellency Lord Brabourne, inspected the Bombay Corps on Saturday, April 7th, when paid a tribute to the excellent work done by the Corps during the communal riots and political disturbances in the course of the past four years. After the in pection, Officiating District Supt. D. F. Panthaki, 1.B.E., J.P., read the report of the work done by o. 3 Di trict within the Empire of India. He spo.k~ of the early day in 1903 when the Duke of Connaught ViSited Bombay. This vi it gave great impetus and encouragement and a a result the Parsi Ambulance Division was forrn~d in 1904. This Division set an example that others had followed. The trength of the District grew by degrees, ~~d. had now one Tursing, ten Ambulance, and four Cadet DIVISions, with a t tal tr ngth of more than 550 mem bers. During the year 19~3 a health, maternity and infant welfare exhibition was organised by til Parsi Ambulance anu Nur ing Divi ion During the same year transport \\'a pro\'idcd for 937 patients and invalid. Of the e, 549 ,\'pre remo\'ed by the Parsi .. \mbulance Divi ion, 202 by the l\luslil11, 116 by the urat Cosmopolitan, 51 by the .\hm dabad, and the re t by other divi ion. The Governor then pre en ted the a ward and made a few remarks, auring the orps of his keen interest in their ",elfar . lIe r ferred to the changes of the tafT in the Brigade. The first was the departure on leave of Major \V. Nunan, and the appointment of 1\1r. D. F. Panthaki as the District upt. in his place. The second wa the re ignation of ir Reginald Spence after sevcn ycars' service as the As istant Commissioner of the Di trict~ Thc Brigade could rely on his successor, i\lr. \\'. R. S. harpe, who, in pite of his multifarious public dutic , had agreed to fill this place adequately and complet ly. IIi Exc Ilency then proceeded from the compound of Elphinstone High chool, where the function \-vas held, to Lady \Villingdon Buildin cT , a few yards away, which is the head ofllcE" f the Par -i Divi ion of the Brigade.

Reviews. A NEW DICTIONARY FOR NURSES. By Lois Oakes, S.R.N . , D.N. . Edinburgh: E. & S. Livingstone, 16/ 17, TevlOt-place. ]1-d Edition. Pr/ce 3s. __ by post 3s. ad. The demand for a third edition of this book within two years of its first publication bears its own testimony to its usefulness and efficiency. The text has been kept up to modern requirements by the inclusion . of many new w~rds, while the subject matter of the appendices, which constItute a particularly valuable feature of the. Dictiona,ry, ha.s been enlarg-ed by the addition of new sectIOns dealll1g wlth the examination of urine, freces and blood and the treatment of the common poisons. Amo ng it:. other interesting and instructive contents are a list of abbreviatio ns of degrees, diplomas and medical terms, a compa:ison of thermo~l~tric scales, weights and measures, a gUide to pronun":latlOn, dietary tables, historical, medical and other ~sef~1 d~ta. .In short this little work which is so made that It wIi I sltp eastly into ~ n u rse's pocket: will continue t.o be ot. grea~ sen~ice to professional nurses and ambulance sisters altke, S1l1ce It ~ets forth its facts in clear and easily understandable fashIOn. We commend it w h olehear tedly to ou r readers.

297

A I D.

J\mbulance News euttings from the ~ess. T he Editor invites Reade rs to send newspaper cuttings on matte r of general inte rest for inclusion in this column.

HYSTERICAL HYDROPHOBIA. Llewelly Martin, aged 22, of Bristol, we.nt out walki~g with a dog which suddenly bit him. Martl~ was found 111 a fit on the roadside. Twelve men were reqUlred to subdue his resistance and to take him to hospital, where he was found to be found sufTering from Hysterical Hydrophobia. The dog was examined, but no trace of Hydrophobia could be found.-Dairy Express.

VVOl\1A 's POISON MIXTURE. How a woman took her life by a mixture of poisonschloroform, iodinE', methylated spirits, and coal gas-w.a s described at an Ilford inquest on a woman, aet 22, the WIfe of a dental surgeon. It was stated she had been depressed since the birth of a child in Jan uary. A pathologist said that in the body were traces.of chloroform, iodine, methyl-alcohol, and carbon-monox,lde. He could not say which caused death, but all contnbuced.Daily Telegraph.

AIR BUBBLE AS CAUSE OF DEATH. How a bubble of air entered the blood stream of a girl who was undergoinO' a form of treatment for tuberculosis, and so caused her d~ath, was described at Paddington at the inquest on a girl, aged 22, who died at the house of a Wim pole Street Specialist. . Dr. 1\1 arshall said that the treatment conSisted of the injection of air into the cavity round one of the ~ungs, thus causing it to rest and heal up . H~ had carr~ed out the treatment on the girl on se\'eral occasIOns; but 111 the present instance she became ill and died, although she was given oxygen. . . Sir Bernard Spilsbury said death ~'as due to air entering the blood stream. The case was a ~ery rare one, a.nd only the second which he had expenenced.-J}fonnng Advertiser.

Binding Copies of "F. A." KEEP your Copies of FI RST A ID clean a nd tidyhave them bound. S end you r copies for the last Volume (J uly, 1932, to Ju ne, 1933) an d we wi ll retu rn sar:n e bound in an attractive case of leather cloth, WIth the title of the publication in gold letters on the front and side and the eig ht poi nted cross on fro nt, for 6s., post free. Complete V olumes can be sup plied at 9s. , post free. Binding Cases only, 2s. 9d. post free. Orders should be sent to . DALE , R EYN OLDS & CO. , LTD., 46, C ANN ON S T R EET, LONDO N, E .CA.

298

FIR S 'l'

Sritish ~ed eross News. . The ixth final for the ., Stanley Shield" CompetitIOn \Ya held at \ Vharncliffe Rooms, Great Central Hotel London, on May 9th, 193-+. Throughout the day the competitors' work was witne ed by a number of officers} members and friends and the time spent was well repaid by the excellence of the \York done. The team tests) one for men and one for women wcrc held at opposite ends of the hall. ' . The men had to treat the following :-Story of thc ac.cl~ent:. A team is being lectured in a hall in a small mll1ll1O- ylllag~ twen.ty miles from the nearest ho pital. A doctor lS ayallable 111 a village five miles di tant. During the lecture a me sage is sent that an explosion h~ occurred ~n the mine and requesting the team to render ald. On arnval at the pithead the team finds that the re cue party has just brought two miners to the surface. Both ~en have been fairly seriously affect cd by carbon monoxIde gas-one has extensi,'e burns of the right forearm with a fracture of both bones of left forearm; the other burns of the chcst and a fracture of rio·ht femur in the mid-third. b _ Equipment a',ailable: Full first-aid equipment in Surface Am~ula.nce Room, includin o · a mixture of oxygen and carbon cilox:JCle o-a e , blankets. stretcher and hot \Yater bottles. Inj uric to be treated: A, patient ufferin o' fro111 carbon monoxide poi oning. \yith exten iYe burns ~f rio·ht forearm and fracture of both bones of left forearm. b B P~tient suffering from ~ar~on ~onoxide poisoning, burn' ot chest and fracture at mld-thlrd of rio-ht femur. Timc allowcd twenty minute. h . . The women's test was: -Story of accidcnt: In a school sltt1l1g-room t\\'o or three boys are itting reading: a fourth boy ente,r carrying liquid in a gla s container. He says somethl11g to the effect that he has taken some hydrochloric acid from the lab. for an experiment hc \y~nts to make. .As. hc adyances to\vards the cupboard he tnns and fall, tIPP1J1g part of the acid down the neck of one of the boys, who is seated and splashino- his own hands, which are se\'erely cut b/ the broken s. The sitting' boy writhes in agony as does the boy with thc cut hands. Onc of the other boys says he will fetch the ambulance team which he knows is practi inO" in another part of the school. b The team is hastily brought and the boys explain what has happened. The Matron of the sanatorium is out and no doctor is available. The school sanatorium adjoin's the schoolroom and the team should after administering- first aiel, get the patients to bed and treat them. ' Inj uries to be treated: A, severe burns back of neck 'with hydrochloric acid. B, severely cut hands and severe burns of hands with hydrochloric acid. Time allowed half an hour. As on pr~vious. occasions H.R.H. The Princess Royal. Commandant-m-Chlef, attended the competitions and foIlO\;ved with great interest the competitors' work. After the tea intcrval the presentation of awards was held. Dame Beryl Oliver announced the results which were :-Women: 1st, Sussex/14. 813~ marks· 2nd Warwickshire/44, 757; 3rd Angus/24, 701. Best Ind'ividual Officer: Miss Headry, Angus/24. Best Individual Member: ~1rs. Graham, Edinburgh/8. ~ Men :-lst, Nottinghamshire/15, 850 marks; 2nd. orthumberland/13, 822; 3rd, Suffolk/1S, 820. Mc:ximum marks in both competitions, 1,000. PrIncess Royal presented the Shields) Individual Cupc; r.-nd Mecial~ to the successf111 teams.

0"1;

A I D.

l\Iay, 1934.

FIRST

May , 1934.

ir Arthur tan~ey, Chairman of the B.R.R. ., thanked Her Royal HIghness for her continued interest t~ken in the wor~. This wa her first public appearance Sll1ce her reccnt lllne and ]lC hoped her pre ence would he pos ible for many ycars to come. Her Royal Highness, in reply, thankcd ir Arthur. A Commandant-in-Chicf he followed with great interest th.e reports pla~ed before her.. he congratulated the Wll11lcr on thelr ucce sand Wl hed tho c not .0 fortunate on this occasion to he l)ctter placed in the future. The proccedings cIa eel hy the inging of the 1 atiollal A1lthem.

299

AID.

SEND COUPON BELOW FOR FREE BOOKLET. THE

HOUSEHOLD PHYSICIAN describes in simple language with helpful coloured plates and diagrams

The Diseases of Men, Women &Children, their Cause, Treatment and Cure, COMPLETE INSTR.UCTIONS ON PREVENTAT vE MEDICINE, THE SCIENCE OF HYGIENE, PHYSICAL CULTURE, etc.

eoming &uents.

WITH

.The Editor will be pleased to receive particulars of forthCOl11lDg events for inclusion under this heading.

The 500 illustrations and full-page Plates and the Anatomical 10dels showing the Organs of the Human Body exactly as they overlay each other make the reading matter more easily understood.

L,y.

2S.-Sl. John Ambulance Brigade Final COIl1P lilions, Hotel Great Central, London. 26. - South-'West Lanc:t,hire .J ...\. B. .\nnual Rc\ iew, v\'arr ington. 29.-London and Norlh Ea lern Rail\\,a\', Eng-land and Scotland International Ambulance Co;npclilion, \\)rk. 30.-Blackpool (No. -+ (Lanc .) Di tri( t) .J ..\. B. .\mbulance In. pection. ] t:1':E .

2.-Inspection of Essex Detachment H. R.C._., al Chelmsford. 9.-No. 1 (Prince of \Vale ' ) Di<;tricl, .J .. \. E., .\nnual Inspection, Hyde Park. 9.-Insrection of Nolting-ham hire Detachlllel., B. R. C. ., at Notlingham. 9.-South- East Lane-a hire .]. A. B. Annual Re\'ie\\" Bury. 16.-0pen Ambulance Competition for the ".\Icl. \\'hittaker" .-\mbulan ce Shield, II alifax. 17.-Kent Di"isions (No. , District), 5.J.i\. n., .\nnual Inspection, Marg-ate. i7.-Eastern Area (No. i Di trict), 5.]..\. B., :\nnual Church Parade, Ea t Ham. 23. - Annual Open Ambulance Competition at the Brighouse Infirmaryar!d Hospitals Committee Annual F0te and Carnival, Brig-house. 2+. - Ann ual Commemoration Service of the Order of St. John at the Grand Priory Church. 28.-Investiture of appointments to and promotions in the Order of St. John to members of the Priory for vVales Cardiff. ' 30.-Annual Competition fOJ- the "Argenta" Cup, Southport.

PRESENTED TO CUSTOMERS A Complete Treatise on Birth Control by a London Doctor.

FI RST AID has never been expected to take the place of the doctor. I t is designed to prevent the ill-effects of accidents being more serious than the accident warrants. So it is with The Household Physician. I t is not published with the aim of making eyery reader his o\vn doctor, but to give him sufficitnt knowledge to allow him to act in the absence of a doctor. THE YOUNG WIFE and 1I e elCrerienced married woman will find all they want to know made clear. MEN-All lhe infJJlllalion )OU require and that every father should give to his sou. fees for your family. There are hundreds of subjects of value to all.

You will save countless sums in doctors'

The muscles, teelh, digeslion, hair, food value, J u-Jitsu, pbrenolcgy.

IIow to

diagno~e di,eases, from appclrance of head, face, tongue, throat, chest, perspiration, etc.

A FEW OF THE SUBJECTS The Eye The Ear Fi rst Aid The Throat Influenza, Colds, etc. The Nose .Measles, Mumps The Chest Treating Diseases by Wat er The Heart He l)) Root and Sa1t R.emedies The Stomach Corns aDd Warts The Liver Treatments of Beauty The feeth Ph),sical Culture The Muscles Exercises for all Purposes Infant Welfare What to do in Emergencies The Expectant Mother Treatment for all Skin Diseases Happy Motherhood How to read Symptoms Homreopathy All about Healthy Old Age Neurasthenia Sleer, Beds and Bedding, etc.

TREATED: The Lungs Pleurisy Hygiene, Anatomy, Pharmacy The Prindples of Nursing Invalid Cookery How to Treat Accidents Surgical Diseases Brain and l'Ierve Diseases Diseases of Old Age Diseases of Infancy The Principles of Phrenology Shingled and Bobbed Hair Diseases of Hair and Head Adenoids, etc., etc.

JULY

7.-Central Area, No.1 District, S.].A.B., Annual Cricket Match. 8.- Northants County, S.].A. B., Annual Inspection of Ambulance and Nursing Divisions , Eastneld Park, Wellingborough. 14.-Annual Open Competition for the" Dempster" Shield at the Eiland Demonstration and Carnival, at Eiland. 21.- Manchester and Salford Corps (No.4 (Lancs.) District) S. J. A. B. Inspect ion. 28.-Bo lton . Corps (No. 4 (Lanes. ) Di trict) S.J.A. B. InspectIOn,

SEND COUPON or a postcard for

FREE BOOKLET

A N I N V I T AT ION To you to send this coupon or a postcard to Messrs. VIRTUE & CO., Ltd., F.A. Dept., 19-21, Thavies Inn, London, E.C.I. Please send me Free Booklet on "THE HOUSEHOLD PIIYSICIA J," with particulars cf offer to delivp.r the Two Volumes at once for first payment, balance to be paid by a few small monthly payments after delivery, also state cash price. N.\~1 E

................................................................................................................................ . (Send this form in u nsealed envelope, stamped halfpenny.)

ADDRESS ............................................. ............................................................................ ..

FIR S T

.300

~uet'ies

and J\nswers eot'respondents.

~ueries will be dealt with under the following rules:1. -Letters

containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and adckessed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon·street, London, E. C.4. 2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue ot the J emmal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue. 3.-The Textbook, to which reference may be made in this column is the 38th \1928) Edition of S .J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.

BANDAGE FOR FRACTCRED FOREAR.\J. E . ,Yo (Leicester).-1n the treatment of Fractured Forearm we ha\'e great difficulty with the figure-of-eight bandage, and simply cannot reproduce anything like Fig. 38 on p. 71 of the Textbook. \\Te wonder if we fail because we start the bandage in the wrong way. So we shall be grateful for your ruling as to whether we should commence the figure-of-eight bandage O\'er the fingers or at the lo\\'er end of radius. Frankly, I confess that I also am not able to reproduce Fig. 38 ; and I agree with you that the application of this bandage is not a simple matter. Of course, the Textbook is right "'hen it tells you to apply the bandage' 'round wrist and hand." Most of us, howe\'er, find that, to obtain firm control of a Fractured Forearm, we must apply the bandage round hand and t;uist (not the fingers). Personally, I prefer to use two bandages instead of the fi.gure-of-ei~ht, because thereby I can do the job more quickly, more neatly and more efficiently. - 1. CORBET FLETCHER.

EXAMI 'ATION HOWLER. ~1. R.

(Cannon St ).-1n a recent examination a candidate \-vas asked to state the difference between baking soda and washing soda. You may irnagine the amusement of the examining doctor when this candidate replied ; " The one bakes. and the alhe?' washes .I " Good!

A I D.

splnL after having thanked us warmly, and placed a donation in our box. So you see first aid i noL always re tricLed to human beings. The Qualifications of a Fir t Aider are 1110 ,t certainl\' not re tricted to the practice of first aid; and your stor)· emphasises the fact that a good first aider is usually good at his daily job, and also in cmergencie bl:yond the cope of lirst aid.-N. . F.

lor

BAND

.\ READER'S REQUE T.

GUIDE

giving hints :.m the Bugle, Drums and Flute, also Parade Form· ation~, u~e 01 Parade Cane, Starr, etc, Post Free.

C.S. (Gloucester).-:1s I hu\'e been a regular reader of FII{Sr . \m for many years, I shall be obliged if you ",ill kindly gi\'e an account of the enclosed newspaper r port in next monLh's j ue of FIRST AlD. I treated the case, dres ed the head injurie and com'eyed the boy to hospital, "'here he died hortly after admi ion. 0 I ask you to reprint the newscutling.

DRUM

HEADS

Broken. Post ne~h boop. Ready lapped bead r eturned same day as received. Lapping no charge. Post free 5 /- and 7/,Vilitary 11Iltsical InrtrumetLt llIakers,

HENRY

POTTER

CO. ,

36/8, West Street, Charing Cross Road,

LONDON.

W.C.2.

---

For whose benefiL?- T. C.F .

SURE RELIEF

BOILS, CARBUNCL~S, WHITLOWS, ABSCESSES, POISONED WOUNDS, POLYPUS, PILES. BAD LEGS, ECZEMA, RINGWORM.

Coupon below.

(1) It is the combination of raising both head and shoulders and a lso lower lim bs that cause relaxation of the thigh muscles and so prevems further separation of the fragments of the broken patella. For this rea on the Textbook includes both these instructions in Rule 1 on p. 75 ; and it shows clearly in Fig. -1-2 the heights to which the head and shoulders and also lower limb should be raised. (2) If you do as you sug-ge t, you will accomplish your task more easily, more rapidly, and more efficiently.-N. C. F.

LL.\:\D

DE:\l

With Swelling of Throat hot fomentations to throat are used to draw blood to the surface, and so by reOex action to relieve the swelling (which may proceed to obstruction) of

3 /-

0: TR .\TIO:\

.\0:D '\RNIVAL."Dempster" ,\mbu lance hield will take place on alurday, Jul} 14th, 1934. First Lhree prizcs to the \'alue of .£;10 ; if more than 20 entrie , four prizes. Three ~pecial prizes will be awarded to the indi\ idual cOlllpctitor~ gaining the hi~he t number of marks out ic.lc the prize \\ inn ing- team'. Entrie close July 11 th, 1934. Open to all team, A oeiation or Brigade. Entry form on application to H. Hor fall, 30, George.street, Eiland, York. Cheap fare ' L.:\1. . Ry. N.B.-Elland Brigade will not compete. _\ll1bul<tnc~ CL111lpctitiol1 for the

DE:\IO~. ' Tl-{ATION

IL\LIFAX Ij\FIR0L\RY ROY.\L A GAL.\ .\SSOCL\TIOi\ (.\Ililiated to Central '0

\-V. M. (Cefn Coed).-If, as the result of a motor lorry getting out of control and crashing into a wall, the drl\'er is pinned fast between his seat and the steering wheel, and if the steering wheel has caused severe bruising of the chest and much swelling internally, so that the patient has considerable difficulty in breathing-what treatment would you recommend? The Textbook tells us to apply cold dressings to bruises and swellings, and also to apply hot fomentations for swelling of throat (which may caLIse Asphyxia) to draw out the swelling. So I suggesL that hot fomentations should be applied to the c hest in all cases in which there is difficulty in breathing. Please give your answer with reference to competitions and actual emergencies.

Chemists, 1/3, and 5 /- per box.

OINTMENT

B RIGIIOL E _ !:\FI [~:\~.\RII~~ :\:\~ HO PTIT.-1L 0:\1:\1 ITTLr~ .\ :\:\ l \L J. 1~ Tb ;\~ D ARi'\ I VAL. - The annual 01'1-.:\ .\l11bulallc~ Competition for a Sih'er Challen~e up and \'aluable prizes, will b~ held on aturday, June 2 'rd, 1 CJ H. Enlry forms and particular on applicalion to .\mbulance ilic(!r Jailles R .. aunders, 4, Industrialstreet, Brig-house, Yorks.

even for infants. Thousands of testimonials prove its worth.

~~~':.i .J;,s;~o:;; c:r:~ un solicited

TREADIENT OF FR,-\CTURED P ,\TELL.\. ]. '\'. (Rotherham).-.-\.t a rccent class practice two querie arose with regard to the treatmc.nt of a Fractured Patella. Several of the members cliffc'r d, and as we wish to adhere slricLlr to the Tcxtbook, we should be glad to ha\'e your decision. (1) Page 75 of Textbook says " tmig-hten and raise the limb." Does this mean raising the limb sulliciently to ~et the splint from bUllock to heel? Or i~ the action of raising the limb to aSsi::iL the mu des to relax before tying bandage round thigh and leg? (2) Also, when one is working in~lc-handed, should the splint be placed in position before rai ing the limb to ensure further support?

TO YOUR PATIENTS

For 87 years Lion O intment has been steadily relieving every complaint mentioned here.

\Vond erful also for Scalds, Burns, Bites, Stings . It first draws the poison OUT Fne Sampler will be sent witlt.pleasure to ,llembers 0/ -and then forms a clean new ti,e Medical Pro· healthy skin from underneath, in fession, Nurres Nature's own good way. ~~~~;j~~ and Hospital OtJicials, wi, 0 Soothes while it heal s. Safe ~~ ~~~~~:~) cTlc!osetlleirpro·

,\RGA I ~. - Tailor made .J . . \. B. nurse's uniform, outsize. B omplcte ouLiit J..:'2 2. :\ ewman, Brighton-road, alfords, urre).

DIFFICULT BREATIIING WInI CUEST INJ URIES.

D.B. (Kingston).-Whilst No. 124 (Kingston) Division, S.J.A.B., were on duty at Hampton Court on Easter l\1onday, two young ladies came up to the ambulance tent. One of them was assisting the other, who was limping rather badly. 'W hen they asked if we had a nail, we wondered if they thought that the tent was a shoe repairing depot, as upon enquiring for what purpose the nail was required, we were informed that tlte heel of one of their shoes bad broken in halt. Having nothing smaller than a -I--inch nail we had given the matter up as a bad job, when one of the men said-" rVlzat about b'eating z't as a j?'aclure ? ., We therefore obtained two short splints, applied them to the heel and fastened them off wiLh plaster, making a perfectly rigid heel again. As the plaster was pink, we coloured it with iodine. The young ladies \\'alked away in the highest of

301

A I D.

~~--QUICK BUGLE Tutor and Calls, 6d.

Next, please! !-N. C. F.

QUALIFICATIOl\'S OF A FIRST AIDER.

FIRST

May, 1934.

A.mbulance CO'llpetitions .-\ssociation). - Third annual Open Amhulance Competition for the "l\ld. 'Whittaker" A.mbulance hield, \'alue £25, and prizes to the \'alue of ,£10, to be held at Ianor I-Ieath Grounds, hircoat Greenroad, Halifax, on Salurday, June 16th, 1934. Entry forms frol11 Compctition Secretary, ergt. J. \V. Riley, 39, Peelstreet, Commercial-road, IIalifax. Entries close June 12th, 1934.

EQUIP YOUR CLASS WITH OUR SPECIAL SET OF PRACTICE

SPLINTS and

BANDAGES.

Comprising: Three Upper Arm; Two Forearm; One Patella; One Thigb; Two Leg; One Foot; and One Tourniquet Stick; together with 12 Triangular Bandages. PER SET

10/-

POST FREE

Splints can be purchased separate at 6 /- per set, post free. Special Quotations for Quantities. Selected Wood , Free from Knots, Rounded Corners.

Ideal for Class Work . Send for your Set

NOW.

OR SALE :-Roller Bandges B.P.C. Quality (W. O.W.), 1 in. x 6 yards, 7/6 gross. Good Quality (W.O.W.), 1 in. x 6 yards, 6/- gross . Other sizes in proportion. Also good quality Triangular Bandages at 4/- per dozen, samples Sd. each. Boric Lint (B. P. C.) 1 oz. packets, 2/- per doze n; Hospital, 1/9 per dozen. Cotton Wool (B. P. C) 1 oz. packets, 1/ 10 per dozen; Hospital, 1/8 per dozen. All post free. Cash with order. -Asepto Bandage Co., 46, Cannonstreet, London, KC.4.

UNSOLICITED

TESTIMONIAL. - One purchaser writes: "Splints and Bandages safely to hand . They exceed , by far. my expectations, and are IDEALLY EFFICIENT for the work . At the price they are a REAL BARGAIN and I shall certa inly recommend them to my friends. . • • . "-E. T.

EMERY

co. ,

JOINERY WORKS,

13, GREEK STREET, LONDON, W.I.

HE OUTHEND DIVI ION, .J.A.B., have a DODGE AMBULANCE for disposal for ,£50. E nquiries to the SuperintendenL, 74, Queen's-road, Southend-on-Sea.

ENQUIRIES SOLICITED FOR PORTABLE FIRST AID HUTS , &c. DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES FREE, ON APPLICATION.

302

FIRST

the hose ti sue which lines the throat and ends at t h e vocal cords, in the sure knowledge that, if a ir ca n he mad e to pass this point, it will enter the lun gs freely. With Injuries to Chest, any difficulty in breathing present is due to bruising of the muscles which cove r the chest, and possibly to fractures of the ribs and cartilages which form the chest \\'211. Consequently, there i no act ual obstruction in throat to the entry of a ir; and hot fomentations to chest or throat cannot haye, as in the former in tance, a specific action on the difficulty in breathing, although they may tend to fa cilitate breathing by the relief of local pain. \Vi th such a case, therefore, first aid should be directed to the treatment of s hock, which 'w ould be much in e\'idence, whereas local app lications, su ch as you suggest, would hinder and not help. Your la t request causes me to smi le, because the only difference bet\\'een cases treated in compet ition a nd in actual circumstances hould be that in the forme r treatment must be exactly as detailed in the Textbook, on the instructions of \\'hich the competition is supposed to be iudged .-N .C.F.

TREAT:\IENT OF CHLOROFORlII POISONING.

A I D.

May, 1954.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

the Respiratory Centre in the Brain and leads to deeper breathin g . In the Sparklet Re uscitator a very s m a ll percentage of carbon dioxide is mixed with oxygen . The carbo n dioxid e cau es patient to breathe more d ee ply, so that h e get more oxygen into his lungs; but it is th e ox)'!{cn, derived from the resuscitator and the air, which r evives the patient.N.C.F.

SILI CATE OF

COATS,

THORNTON

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

co.,

Commerolal St., BRIG HOUSE,

T KLEPHO:-;'E:

YORKS.

BRIGHOUSE 290.

Chloroform is used from an ordinary chemica l wash bottle. On occa ions a slight "back pressure" has caused a small drop of chlo roform to come back on the lips of the per on using the \.yash bottle. 'Ve ha\"e se\'eral times discussed the treatment to apply if by chance a quantity of Chloroform was blown back into the mouth and, part at any rate, swallowed. As Chloroform seems to burn the mucous membranes of the mouth should we refrain from glVtng an emetic-as with corrosive poisons? In that case what \\'ould be the best antidote?

AIDa

Treat for Narcotic Deliriant Poisoning as laid down on p. 172-174 of the Textbook, should the need arise. Chloroform does not injure tissues as do the Corrosives; and so when Chloroform is swallowed an emetic should be g ive n at the earliest possible moment, provided that patient is conscious and able to swallow, . C. F.

HC;\lOUR IN

FIRST AID.

E.D. (Birmingham).-ln a recent chss one of my members was asked to state 'w hat happens to germs when water is boiled. You may imagine our am useme nt when he answered: It scalds the III , I suppose" / and, when asked wbat else may happen, he calmly a dd ed: "Jt slops their lzearts acting." Good!

l\ext, please! !-N.C.F.

SPARKLET RESUSCITATOR.

E.G. (Li\·erpool).-Please tell me if the Sparklet R esus citator about which I read in the February (1934) issue of FIRST AID can be used in cases of Asp hyxia due to coal or charcoal fumes. I ask this question because in the Query Column of the March issue you told us that coal and charcoal fumes cons ist mainly of carbon diox ide, which is the same gas as is s upplied with the R es u scitator. Excess of carbon dioxide in the blood stream stimulates

CORBET FLETCHER,

D ,\:\'l.ER Z O:-"E.

Your team must a lready have run cons id erable clang-er by remaining in the cuttin g lon g- enough to make the rOI11plete diagnosi s set out in your Card of In st ru ctions. '0 it would see m that thp. risks are not seriolls ly in creaset! by the extra minute or two involved while your team controls the fractures temporarily with bandages. Neverthcless, the decis ion depend s upon the act ual circum stances j and if you r li ves are en da ngered, then even thi s must be omitted, as is laid down in Rule 1 on p. 56 of T extbook. With an actual case in the circumstances named, I can see yo ur team sweeping the patient up in your arms quickly, but efficie ntly, so as to prevent aggravation of possible fractures (Rul e 1, p. 56), and carrying him to a safe spot before yo u attempted either dia g nos is or treatment; and that is the way in which the tes t s hould have been set and solved.-N.C.F.

We are prepared to supply Ambulance Secretaries and others with specimen copies of this Jouroal for distribution amoog their members. Apply to the Publishers, FIRST AID, 46 Cannon St •• London E.C.4

HOME-NURaINQ. Price n. 2d . post fr ee.

• Tltil boo/; wo .. d4r/N lly simplilfll a comr l,x JtiO;,ct a"d s;"otild lu r,ad h.. .. 0

,tNd6"tJ .'·-L. Ii: N .W. Rv. GAZBTTIt

EFFtOll!:NOY

FIRaT-AID.

Post free, II. ad.

Third Edition .

rroblems III Study , Iro.u.. "aL aDO Blamfn;tloll lolu':\ lor &color StndelllS " Wi/ltOtit dlJtiDt t lu hook will bl 0) grlal Sl r uic6 i,. t}" Irat"t"g 0/ , hou 10' wlco ... if il d6Ii/!"6d. "-BRITISH MEDICA L JO'JIlNAL.

COMMON

ERROP8

Second Editon.

FIRST-AID.

Post free, II. 2d.

Brron In r lTllt-Ald Detailed aDd tlxplalned. , 1Ms book giruJ a cl6ar6>' i .. sig-Ist i .. lo llu m6thods a,.d di/J'iCtilt'6s 0.1 ,m,rg-'''C} trlalm,,.! by la,.",6,. tka" llu otJicial T,xtbook i!lIl/. "-LANCET.

COMPETITION

TESTS

(Stretcher , Individual and Question-Six F olders). Price 6d. each net, post, ltd Each Folder contains special article on Competi tions: -N o. I, Training of C om· petition Teams; No.2 , Conduct of Team in Competition Room; No. 3, ~ommon Errors in Competition; NO.4 , Further Errors in Tr.eatment; NO.5, History of Competition Tests; No.6, Preparation of Tests.

WHY

AND

WHEREFORE:

Fifth Edition.

FIRaT-AID.

Price III . :lid . pr'lst free .

DlfflCloltiel hi Stady aod 'l'reatment eolllla bJ QaestloD Illd &!!Iwer. "w, co"."....d ih;J booll to L,cu."'''J a .. d Stud41CIJ who wll, ft "d If 0/ r,a l

HINT.

M.A., M.B

M.R_C.S .

"As a work of reference, the book will be excremely useful and hould be in the library of all ambulance workers. "-FIRST .\[0.

L.J. (Ba rn sley).-\\'hilst practising- for a competition our team had the following te t put before them: "This man \\'a engag-ed doing repair work in thc mine in a narrow CUllin g, mea uring .) ft. 6 in. high, 4- ft. wide, and 6 ) ard long, when there was a fall of roof which knocked him do\\"n. lIe is laid on hi'> back a nd has sustained the following injuric,>: Compound Fracture of Left Clavicle (no arterial h~l'morrhage or bone protrusion, but a \,"ound leading clo\\'n LO seat of fracture) and Simple Fracture of Ri~ht Leg, midway between knee ancl ankle, with much swclling. '0-'. 1 and 2 bearers are to rel1loye from the narrow cutting, as there may be a further fall at any moment." Would yo u please tell us th e be t way of rcmo\'inghim? P art of the team are in favour of treating thc fractures in a temporary manner, and afterward of removing him by No. 3 Exercise to a more afe place, whereas the other part of the team arc in favour of removing him first and of di s regarding the fractures until they have r cmO\'ed him o ut of tbe narron' cutting to a more safe place. Your very \"aluable opinion will be much appreciated.

Tbird EdItIO:l .

u .."l"."-FIRST AID.

N. TREAT;\IENT OF FRACTURES I

Post free , ' 8. 2d.

8.me· Nliullll! lilmplllled and 'l'abulated , wltb Aida til .em.r,.

AMBULANce

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT,

FDRaT-AID.

(,.'ol. Sly lamu ( antbe c ,,,tribtitu all ,,.trodti,,to,, a"d w • .,.a o.-,6 l<i, ~OO ' ptJr"io,. oj tlu book."-LANCBT .

N. C. (Brook\·ille) . - To carry out certain analyses of oil

Seventh Edition.

SPECIALITY.

Send P. C. /01' Price List and Self-measurement "orms.

Pirst-lld 8im llJlllca alld 'l'abalated, wltb Alai to .elDllr,.

All Uniforms cut to Customer's own measurements

ODA IN EYE.

Silicate of Soda in water forms an a lkaline mi~ture, 0 that, from the chemica l point of \ iew, your treatment was perfectly correct.-N.C.F.

AIDa

Regulation- Right! Quality-Right! Price - Right NURSES

E.G. (Liverpool).-Recenlly I treated a patient urrering from Sili cate of Soda in Eye in accordance \\'ith the T exthook in st ru ct ion (p. 136) for orro i\'e ,\lkali in Eye. Of course, I sent 111)' patient imm ediately to hospita l, the authoritie of which tated that it W(lS a ca e of Acid Burns of Eye. Consequently, I am in doubt as to how I should treat any further such cases. Plea c tell mc if ilicate of Soda is an acid or an alkali.

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &e.

By N. CORBET FLETCHER. 1\1.B., B.C., M.A, (Cantab), M.a.c.S .

HOSPITAL

ORDERLIES.

Post fr"e, 3d. Ordrrl, Dotles Simplified ao ll Tabalated: wltb l!ds til .emory. co",ta;fC..1 ..... ~clt tlrlftJ l

A mast C" ",. ,.,dct b"{Jt:Jtw"',

.,,10.,.....,.."""""

P 'RJtS CRIMR

FIRST AID.

Illustrated by 50 diagrams In Colours wltb Explanatory Letterpress, By Sir JAMBS CANTLlB, K .E.E., LL.D. , M .A . , M.B . 7,d. net; post free. C.M., F.R .C.S., D,P.H.R.C.P.

Price, 3 /6 j post tree, 4/,-. THE

FOR

LIFE SIZE AN ATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, St. John's Gate, LO NDON, E.C.I.

Monnted on Canvas, Roller top and bottom. 255 net each. Post, IS. Human Skeleton, Tront view. 2 . M'lscles, frout view. 3. Human Skeleton back view Muscles, back view, ~. The ~eart and prlnclpal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of t e Cbest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Cbest and Abdomen (B). 8. Viscera of tbe Cbest and Abdomen (C). 9· Viscera of the 9hest ~nd Abdomen (D). TO. The Nervous System. n. Schematic diBgram of Clrcnlatl ~n '2 . Tbe Hnman Ear. I3 The Human Eye. T4' Median Section tbrongh SkID IS. Median Section throngh Head.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS.

lJ ~IFOI\MS

& EOUIPME~1

"'" PLEASE SEND FOR PRICE LISTS.

Uniform Clothing & Equipment Co., 1

Telephones : Clerkenwell 6682, 5226.

AMBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE. By p, C, BOTrOMLEY, M.D.

Plrst Aid," .. 6, Cannon Street. London, E C 4·

.. FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIE~ COUPON. To be cut out and enclosed with a.il (.!ue,.:eJ MAY 1934

Carriage 211.

ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES.

FIRBT

By J. M. CAItVELL. M.It.C ••. Sa •. "10 Iii FEW WOROB. (200th thonsand) Revised.

Wltb Coloured Diagra mE .

NURSINa

12pp.

Clot a, 6d.

FEW

Strong paprr. :lid. Post ld. (56th tbonsancl) Revi sec' Strong paper, :Jd . Post Id.

WOROB.

14 pp.

a"NO"SINO

0IA8R""S.

12 Pp.-72 bandaging diagrams, with notes.

Strong paper. 2d .

Post Id.

HEALTH IN FEW WORD8. By Sir It. N . PIRTH. D.P.H P,R C . S . 20th Thousand. Paper folder 3 in. and 4 lb. Post free ad. net. HOW ARlJ tn. "'IotBSTOl'ti D6mo"ssra.,,- ' 0 lA, !'ol"tlel,,,;c . TRIANGULAR BANOA8E: Price IS. net; postage, zd Its Application Accurately Described by Words and 110 Diagrams. THE ROLLER BANDA8E. Price IS. net; postage, 2d. lis Application Accuratelv Described by Words and '02 Diagrams.

THE

FIRST-AID AIIATOMICIlL DIABP' At •• J3 (I [0 Jund I4)on Roll N o. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs r / :1 THE GOMPLETIl IIIAN ..U.. Price 28, net ; postage 4d

Post free, 31. 9d. net.

Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatoml Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects.

A booklet to aid those interested in Ambulance and Stretcher Work .

Price 2d. each, post tree.

\Vith Foetus, 858 . net.

Their Signs, Symptoms al'\d "First Aid" Treatm~nt~ An Ideal Memorizer Quick Reference. By A . T. GOODING . With Prelace by W ILLIAM L OCK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN NICOLSON, M.A., ~I.B., Cb.B.Glas. 18. :1d. net post free.

With useful reference tables.

CLERKENWELL GREEN lONDON t E.C.l.

Telegrams : "Uniquip, London."

Female, 808. net.

A book that Is selling by the hundl'ed.

HOME

LTD ., 10 & 11,

Male, 808. net.

THE WHOLE ART OF IIAIIDA.nUI . TIIBItLA BOW9SI(. Illustrated. Post free, II. 2d

POaKET FIRST AID BERIES. ny Col. ~. J. 8LACKHA~1. C.B .• C.M.G" C.I.E •• 0.8.0" M.') ( I ) Poisoning, (2) Haemorrhage, h) Insensibility, (4) Aspbyxla (Suspended BrealJ Ing), (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, (6) Wounds, Bites! Burns, Scald! Rupt ure and Minor Inj uries. The Series contains all the essent als of First Aid Pr inted on linen-lined cards, 31 In. X s! In. Third Edition. 6d . ne e~ch postage 2d extra. AIDB TO MEMORY FOR FIRST AID BTUDENTB ~ .. O .. URSES VB~NON NEWTON, M . R ~ •• (EDIf ) . 9d. net. Pest JOHN

BilLE,

SONS

D4NIELSSON.

83-91, Gl'eat Tltchfleld Stl'eet London

Ltd

W .1

(London) Ltd.),

Who/es./e ""akers 01

Manufacturers of Unijorms, Headdresses, Accoutrements for

MEDALS, BADGES

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE.

The Independent Journal for the Ambulance and Nursing Services.

AND

TROPHIES

SPECIAL OFPER. of

No . 480.-VoL. XL .

FIRST AID n

AMBULANCE AND SOCIETIES.

TR.OUSERS-

CORP.

LIMITED QUANTITY ONLY. Patterns & Measurement Forms sent free on receipt of Post Card.

Bronze, 3/- I Sliver, ,,'6; Sliver, Oold Centre, 6/9.

No. " -

Ot-iginal Designs and Quotaltons post 't-ee.

Whollsall PrlolS to all "FIRST AID" SOCIETIEI. Contractors to H.M. Ministry of Munitions, Russian Government, &c.

ADDRESS-

154, TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E.I.

62,

"OLBORN

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIE.TY

VIADUCT,

E.C.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE

UNIFORMS DIRECT FROM OUR FACTORY

THI{EEPENCE

EDITORIAL.

Its aim and object being the advancement of Amhulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the :-.rn\,ement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers. All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at the address below, and should re:J.ch him before the I zth of each month, and must be accompanied (lIot massan·/y lor publication) by the name and address of the Correspondent. Subscriptions, Ad"ertisements and other business Communications connected with FI1'ST AID should be forwarced to the Publishers,

EntTORI L . \l1l1unl Rl'f1Nt ('If till' B R.C. '-,

305

<:;t. John ,\ll1hulancL' :\s<;l)ci.di("' n

30()

ThL' \1l'l11l'ld Llf Tral1:-;plll"till~ a l\uil.'llt ~LJlrl.·rill~· frl..,m '-,u"pl'l'lL'd Fract un' (If t Ill' ~I)illl'

.lOll

Our Nurses'Pages

326

• WRITE FOR

Port of Bri tol \utiloriLy ... Coming- Events...

326 326

DESIGNS, SAMPLES and PRICES

QUER IES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONOENTS-

LIVERPOOL.

15 , Red Lion Square LONDON, w .e I,

Phone: Royal 2992.

Phone: Chan cery 8646

49, Hardman Street

•

f II Hj ~ :I: IiI: i i j .Ifi·): FI '111111

NUMBER.

320 322 223

We have had 50 years experience in the making of Un Iforms.

SBND FOR PRICE LISTS:-

THIS

\rlificial Respiration fnr Two Years First .\ill EquipmenL for :'\urscs \mbulnnce Nc\\s utLil1~s from the 11rcc;s

•

.. SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for receiving soiled dressings, sanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing in any convenient comer, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring-, without being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEU MONIA JACKETS ; SANITARY TOWELS; all classes of FIRST·AID and SURGICAL EQUIP. MENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements.

312 )15 315 316

QualIty and Materials, Correct D~tail s,

All Dressin&"s are of QUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE.

CONTENTS

St. John'" Gall' ... Thl.' ~.J. \. n. Drill \!.ullIal ..1. A. I3rigade District Rerorts '-,t. John \mhulancl' Brig-aue Final.... Tl'rrilorial .\rl11) .\mhulaIH l' ~iliclu Police Ambulance Ne\\s Railway Ambulance News

• Perfect Fit,

the Certificate 01 the Institute 01 Hygime.)

and at 137, Sentinel House, Southampton Row, London, W.C.1.

P~JCE

[3/6 PER A:-INUM, POST FREE

The

Telephone-0840 City.

North of England Office: 22, YORK PLACE, LEEDS.

(7 eleplume : Stockport 2794 and 4J(6)

Entered at ] [ Stationers· Hall

READERS.

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CA>O;:-;O:-; STREF.T, Lo no,', E.C.4. 'l e/e,e1athir AddteH-" TwnJ!y-/oaY, lor/don." Tdethonf- Cit)' 37'0.

London Sbowroom-

Phone-Hop 2476-4 llnes.

~OBE~T BAILEY & SON, Ltd. MARRIOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT

Annual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Privates-13/9 per pair.

I I STERAID ' (Regd.) series ot absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dress· ings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers only the quan· tity of gauze or lint required; after cutting this off, rotate the Con· tainer in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from ex' posure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded

NOTICB

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month.

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL.

EQUIPMENT.

JUNE, 1934.

aultable for

All Wool Fast Dye Black Tweed

SURGIOAL

FIRST AID

J. A. WYLIE & CO ••

Hobson&Sons

(L ' POOL) LTD.

111111

Printed and rublisheu by DALE, REYNOLDS &:: Co., Ltd., 46, Cannon· street, London, E.C.4, to whom alUcommunications should be addressed T elegrams·- CI Twent"'lour, London." Telephone - City 37 IO. To be had of all Newlagents,Booksellers and Bookstalls ill the Uuited Kingdom aod at all R.~ilwl.y Bookstalls of Messrs. W, H Smith and Sons.

Compound, COJ11plinlt('d Fracture ot Lc~ Examination Howler Treatment of Choking.\ CompetiLion Problem Erfects of Blood Transfusion \\Talking with Broken Spine Head Injuries with Insensibility Dislocation of Joint s ... Treatment of Thrush Treatment of Sim pIe Fracture of Pat ella Status of Cadet OOicerR

307 ~()l

30C)

32~

32R 328 328 328 328

330 330

:130 330 :130

THE "w ork of the British Red CrossSocietvand of its branches , "' REPORT OF TIfE continues to extend along all its B.R.C.~. lines of activity according to the report for 1933. The Society's trai ned person neI has increased, there now bei ng 3,152 men and 17,35-+ women attached to the Y.I\.D" and 1,-+12 men and .2,310 women members of Red Cross Detach men ts. An abridged report calls attention to the expansion of the work at the Clinic for Rheumatism. During 1933, the total number of attendances in the general and pri vate departmen ts was 9-+,256, com pared with 86,929 in 1932. I l1\'estigations into the effect of treatmen t on patien ts discha raed b [rom the Clinic revealed that over 83 per cent. were either cured or showed improvement. This fio'ure 10 poi nts higher than the figures given in the last report. Early treatment of rheumatism, it is pointed out, may prevent many people from beina b condemned to a life of in\·alidism and despair. The Blood Transfusion Sen'ice is also referred to in the report. Not on Iy did 1933 record the largest number of calls, but the increase was the heaviest yet experienced, S,017 calls being answered as against 2,4-+2 during 1932. The personnel of th is Service is now 1,536, an increase of 25.2. The necessity or blood transfusion being carried out without payment to the donors is again emphasised. The Junior Section continues to expand, both as to numbers and the scope and range of its act iVities. Eighty-nine new Links were formed during 1933 and 2,109 Junior ertificates were awarded for first aid, home nursing and hygiene; also 92 proficiency badges were gained. County and Overseas reports, toaether with the statement of accounts, are also in luded in th report. A:-\;\IUAL

306

FIRST

St. John J\mbulance J\ssociation. COUNOON.-At the Y. 1.e.A. annual carnival held at Coundon, Co. Durham, on May 5th, an open ambulance competition was held. Dean and Chapter team gained first place ,yith 206 marks followed by 'W illington C.L.B. 1 0, and \Vaterhouses 156; eight teams competed. The indi\'idual captain's prize ,,,as won by the Newfield Brick 'Works team. Judges for the events ,,"ere Dr. Anderson, Coundon (team), and Dr. Brown, Ferryhill (individual). DIPToN.-In the competition for the "Grieves" Challenge Cup, held in connection with the Dipton carnival on June 2nd, it was necessary to hold two extra tests between two teams before the winning team could be named. On the first occasion Eppleton "D" and Den\-ent " A " teams tied for first place, followed by Crookhall who were third. After the second extra test Eppleton "D" were adjudged the winners, being 3 points only in front of Derwent "A." The judges were Drs. vVordingham and l\IcKinner, both of Dipton. DURHAM.-The annual ambulance competition held in connection with the South Hetton carni\'al was held at Durham on Saturday, June 9th. Dr. Donald Henegan, of South Hetton, was the judge and placed Tyne Dock first, followed by Hetton Colliery and Murton "B" second and third respectively. Nine teams competed. PLYMouTH. - During the year ended September 30th, 1933, the ambulances of the Plymouth and District Ambulance Service covered approximately 72,946 miles, calls numbering 27,163, an increase of 2,510. These particulars are given in the annual report together with other data. During the year under review 1,025 awards ,,-ere gained by members at examinations. The ambulances answered 1,368 calls of accidents and sudden illness on the roads and 427 summons to mishaps in other places. The Hoe first aid post had 253 calls, and the experimental tent dressing station in the Central Park playground reported 163 cases during the holiday month. Road patrols and beach huts continue to be maintained and results justify the duties. Lady Officers and members, under the capable leadership of the Matron, Mrs. R. Baisdon, have all worked hard staffing the crippled children's ambulance, various stations and posts. Every nurse is a registered St. John V.A. D. member. The Cadets, Nursing and Ambulance, are making progress. One boy has been awarded the "Grand Prior's Cadetship. " Police, lifeboat, fire are other departments in which first aid continues to flourish and there is com plete harmony between them and the Association. The Association lost a vice-president, who gave generously of his time and substance, by the passing of Dr. J. H . B. Masterman (Lord Bishop of Plymouth). Other items concerned in the report are the" Beckly" Memorial Central Station, reports of which have already appeared in these columns, financial report, entertainment report and a list of officers of whom Mr. Hedley V. Miller is the Director.

W e are prepared t o suppl y A mbulance Secretaries and othe rs wit h specimen copies of this Journal for distribution among thei r m ember s. Apply to the Pl4blis hers, FI RS T AID, ,, 0 ~ anno n St., ~ondon E .C.~

June , 1934.

AID.

The Method of Transporting ~ Patient Suffering from Suspected Frac ture of the Spine * By CAPT. A. C. WHITE KNOX,

I.C., l\I.B.

COl FUSION BETWEE T LIFTING A TD TRAN ' PORT, A

D TREATME T.

WE, as Fi.rst Aiders, are concerned not with the advanced surgical treatment but with the method of lifting and transporting the patient which will cause the least disturbance of the fractured bones, and the least interference with the pinal ord. A TATOMY OF THE SPINE.

Complexity of the spinal column.

There are

1.34 joints between the base of the Occiput and the

Sacrum. All the vertebrae are bound firmly together by ligaments, so that movement of the spine as a whole is slight. PHYSIOLOGICAL CURVE

OF THE

PI , E.

(1) Cervical (forwards); (2) Dorsal (backwards); (3) Lumbar (forwards). Importance of these curves, when associated with the head, shoulders, buttocks, calves and heels, as a basis for lifting and transport. In a normally curved spine, these points are in the same plane and, kept like this, cause least movement of the vertebrae. POSITIONAL DIFFERENCES I FRACTURE OF TIlE VERTEBRAE A D EFFE T ON TREATMENT.

If the fracture is in the body or front part of the vertebrae, and there is collapse forwards, hyperextension, or bend i ng backwards, is the obvious treatment. If there is no fracture of the body, but a fracture of the posterior arch, it is reasonable to expect that hyperflexion, or bending forwards, may be the best treatment. As these fractures however, are usually complicated by partial or com plete dislocation of the vertebrae, and as this is the type of fracture which most often causes pressure on the cord and resulting sensory and motor lesions, it is no part of a first aiders duty to reduce dislocation, either by hyperextension or hyperflexion, but to confine his energies to lifting and transporting his patient in the manner which shall cause least disturbance at the seat of fractu re. VARIATION IN SURFACE ANATOMY OF THE FRONT AND BACK OF BODY .

There is infinitely less variation of the prom-

* Extracts of a pajJer read by the author at the Fourth International Congress for Life Saving and First Aid in Cases of A.:::cident, held at Copenhagen from June 11th to 16th,

FIRS T

June, 1934.

inent parts of the back, than the prominent parts of the front of the body. The all too com mon protrud i ng abdomen is a sadly distu rbi ng factor in Ii fti ng and transport in the prone position. EXPERIl\1E TS I

LIFTI, G THE SKELETON AND HU~JAN BODY.

Careful and detailed experiments were done both with the human body and the skeleton, to find out which method caused least disturbance of the vertebrae,and whether therewas any hyperextension or hyperAexion when lying on the face or back. It was found that the human body hyperextended only when lifted at two points, head and legs, with face down; and hyperflexed when lifted by head and leO's, face upwards. Any method of lifting between these two extremes gives a Ie ser degree of extension or flexion. LIFTI:\li WlfH TIlE PATIENT F.A E DOWNW .\RD .

B road bandage were placed under the forehead, chest, pel vi , thighs and legs. They were tied to poles on each si Ie of the patien t and the patient lifted by the poles. Distinct discomfort was experienced by the patient at head and chest, and there was considerable movement of the pine. LIFTI~ 7 TIlE PATIE~1 F 1'\ E

PWARDS.

Broad band3.ges were placed under the cciput, houlders, buttocks, thighs and calves and tied to poles as before. The patien t lifted had no discomfort and absolutely no movement. \Vitl blanket replacing bandages, no discomfort and slight movement of the spine.

A I D.

307

that many exaggerated claims are made in regard to hyperextension in lifting and transport in the face downwards position. PARALYSIS OF THE INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.

If the lesion is in the upper thoracic or cervical region and there is paralysis of the intercostal muscles, there is a definite disadvantage in breathing in the face downward position. The hearts action is also impeded and both conditions tend to exaggerate shock and increase the discomfort of the patient. CONCLUSIO

Taking all things into consideration, it is the writer's definite opinion, as a First Aider, that patien ts suffering from suspected fracture of the spine should be lifted and transported according to the teaching in the Handbook of the St. John Ambulance Association, that is :- " The patient's legs shall be tied firmly together by bandages at the thighs, knees, legs, ankles and feet, that he be carefully turned on his back, lifted by means of broad bandages placed under the occiput, shoulders, buttocks, thighs and calves, tied to poles on each side of the patient, paying special attention to the tension of the bandages and the knots, and that he be transported on a firm surface in this position." o will the first aider be assured that he has han~ed over the ca~e to the surgeon, without mOVIng the fractured parts and complicating the condition. Let us be satisfied with straightforward First Aid and not try to emulate the surgeon by an attempt at reduction and setting of a complicated fracture-dislocation.

RESULT.

Lifting by broad bandages under the prominent parts of the patient lying face upwards was considered most satisfactory. TRA 1 PORT.

Is the spine hyperextended or flexed when the patient is lying on the face or back? There is no change in the physiological curves when the body lies on the back, on a firm s urface. If a pillow is placed under the midthoracic region, there is hyperextension. With the body on the face, on a firm surface, providing head, thorax, abdomen and thighs are on the same plane, there is no extension or flexion but if, as was found to be the case very frequently, the abdomen protruded, the centre part of the spine was pushed up and we had flexion and not extension. If large pillows are placed under the head and under the thighs there is hyperextension. These experiments are simple and straigh tforward and were demonstrated even more defin itely in lifti ng and placing the skeleton, and they sh ow

St. John 's Gate. THE Commissioners of His Majesty's Office of Works has sched uled for protection as an ancient monument the 430 year old St. John's Gate in Clerkenwell, the headquarters of the Order of St. John. The old gateway dates from 150-+ when Sir Thomas J?ocura, a Prior of the Order, rebuilt much of the PrIory that then stood in this quarter and put up the gatehouse as an additional embellishment. So long as the Venerable Order occupy the bu ilding there need be no fear of any harm overtaking the relic, but the schedulin b0' has been done " as a precautlOn against any possible emergency.

At the annual sport meeting of Messrs. G. A. Harvey & Co. (London), Ltd., of Woolwich-road, held on Saturday, June 9th, M~ssrs. Roo~, Swindell, Rogers and Jones were presented With first aid labels, whilst vouchers were presented to Messrs. Field and Stevens.

IRST

308

A I 1).

UIlC,

I 'j.)4.

FORl\IINl; TlIE SQUADS.

The S.J.A.B. Drill Manual. SCG TESTED RE\"I IOl\'

.\:\D

ALTERATIO~S.

By P. T. E. (Cull/illIlCd Irompage .? ~J3.)

PL\.TOON DRILL. CIL\PTER II deals \\ith Platoon Drill, and our first su b aaestion is to delete Sections 39 to 4+. . These b . sections are of no use for Brigade trainIng. e nder very exceptional circumstances reference could alwa\"s be made to the Army ~Iallual. \Ve cannot, as -already stated, understand \\"h)' such an elaborate method of drill is expected from an ambulance man. Certain drills, to enable members to proceed to duty in an orde.rly ar:d sm.art way, is essential, consequently SectlOn -tJ, which de~ls with marchin ba and ceremonial driils, such as . inspections is a necessity. One suggestion we would like 'to offer, however, is that plates XXX to XXXIV should be transferred from the back of the book and inserted among the reading matter to which they refer. Further, theylates XX~ a?d XXXI shoulJ be revised to l11clude DistrIct Officers, Transport Officers, and other Brigade ranks not now shown. STl\ETCHER EXERCISES. 'Ve now come to Chapter III, which is, perhaps, the first chapter of the book of interest .to Bri a ade members as ambulance men. There IS, ho\~;ver, one word we should like to see altered. at once, i.e., "wounded." The Brigade man, nll1e times out of ten, does not deal \\"ith a wounded person. The \\-ord "patient" would be a good deal better, and this alteration we suggest on every occasion. Section 46 deals with general remarks. The sentence beainning on the tenth line we would alter to read-Ii The squ2ds should be instructed in various means of transport," and the next sen tence we would stop at the word wounded, which word we would replace with" patient." Since when have Brigade members been supplied with knee-caps , to we~r when. exercises require them to kneel r Ad~ltted thiS would be a good thing if they were. Introduced, and many members would welcome It. FOH:\lATIOi\ .

Section 47 deals with formation with a footnote, which states" . . . stretchers will be laid in a heap on the ground." How very vague! This should read" . . . Jaid in a row on the ground or piled against a wall."

Is the method given in Section 40 dealing wi th squad form i ng to be mai n tained? \Ve sug(rest that the R. A. \I.C. amendment of December, 1928, paragraph 57, should be adopted; it is much the simpler of the two methods. This would, of course mean that the whole of the [0110\\ ing sectiol;s must be altered to conform with the amended orders, but this, to our mind, makes them more easily understood. DIS;\lIS . I~G. Continuin tr our dealing \\ith hapter III, \\e do not like rhe d tails "given to I\os. 1 and .3 in Section 51. These no\v read" . . . :\ os. 1 and 3 in succession di~pose of their ~trct her~." But to where are they to dispose of them? 1 0 instructions are given, and we suggest that the details should read" . . . Nos. 1 and 3 in succession dispose of their stretche:s by I?,\ ring same in a row on tbe ground or piled agaInst the wall-whichever was the original position." EXEI~CI 'ES WITII

CLOSED

f1~ETCIII ·: R".

Exercises with closed stretchers COil tai ned 111 Sections 52 to 5+ are workable, but Section 55 IS definitely not. An extension to [our paces i impossible in many divisional rooms, alld \\ e suggest the order should be altered to reaJ four, or any aiven number of paces - extend." \Ve WOll Id also su aaest that, as the extension on the bb .11 march is im practicable in an average d rl room, the old method of extending at tile halt be inserted, together with a diagram illustrating the movements. II

EXERCISES WITII PREPARED

•••

S rHo ETCII EI~S.

I n Exercises with Prepared Strctcher~, the word" grip-plate" should be altered to "buc_kle," as the Furley stretcher is the standard .Bngade pattern, and this does not have ~ gnp-plate. Further, in many instances, the sllll a s are not used, yet we cannot find any instructi~n~ _on ho.w to use a stretcher without them. ThIS IS a big point, and full instructions should be incorporated in the official Textbook. LOWERING STRETCHERS. In the exercises for Loweri ng Stretchers, on the order Two we suggest that th is should read "On the word Two, they remove the sl ings, grasping both ends of the sling in the ri.ght hand, remove the sling from the shoulder With ~hu~b and forefinger of left hand, holding the slJl1g In front. Bri ng the right hand up and grasp the doubled sling in the centre. Drop both hands to the side take a pace to the left and stand to stretcher:" This, we contend, would s im pli fy the instructions now gi ven.

(To be con tin lted).

AID.

FIRST

June, 1934.

The

Brigade

St.

fohn

309

Ambulance

Dzstrzct Reports.

No I. ( JJrince of Wales's) District. Nearly four thou and members of the o. 1 (Prince of "\Tales's) Di-;tricl paraded in Hyde Park on Saturda~, June 9th, for the annual inspection by Lt.-General Sir Aylmer IIunter ,Veslon of Hunterstol1) K.e.B.) D . . 0., R.E., J\f.P., the Chancellor of the Order. Bciore the arri\"al of ir ylmer the parade wa drawn up into fin ballaiiol1s of men and t\\O of l1ur cs on the as 'em Illy ground and . to music supplied by the hand of II.0J. ,\'el h Guards (by kinel permission of Col. R. E. K. Leatham, D .. 0.) under the direction o£ Capt. . IIarns, L.R. .M" senior Director of Music, Brigade of Guard) marched to the parade ground to their rc peet i\ l places. .\t -+.r p.l11. th· JI1spccling officer arriyed and was mel by Capr. ,\lircel C. 'eton Christopher. Almoner .of Order: l\Iajor GL11cral 'Ir J Ohll Duncan) Chid CommlssiOller: Col. CLOr~c :\. }'Ioon:: . A. t. Chief Commissioner; Col. . 1. Ellis, :urgeol1-in-Chicf; Dr. . Corbet Fletcher, .\s t. ~ur~eon In-Chief: Col. F. A. Brooks. Afler the Flag- had been broken the General Salute am! the • ratiunal Anthem played. ir Aylmer) accompanied by the Commissioner., Capt. \V. Goodley, M.e., and Heaclquart r5' :taff, inspected the parade commencing With the _r ursc. On numerou occasions the inspecting officer congratulated members on their array of awards and shook hanels with them. He had a cheery word for them all. Following" the in pection the parade reformed in readillc. s for [he 'larch past. This wet accompli hed in good style. ir ylmer laking tIle salute. special round of applause was extended to the aclets and also the Nurses) the latter joil1in~ in the march pa t for the first time. Taken on the whole the marching was good indeed. At the completion of the function the In peeting Officcr \\ i hed his congratulations extended to all ranks on their smartnc. _ and correctness of dress. On Wednesday, May 9th, about 150 members and friends gathered at Garfield Road School, New Southgate. to celebrate the third birthday of No. 118 (Southgate) Division, and the second birthday of No. 74 (Finchlcy and Southgate) Nursing Division. The Divisions were pleased to have the company of Capt. A. e. , iVhite Knox, M.e., M.B., Asst. Commissioner, and I\Irs. White Knox, District Officer e. T. Osborn) Mis IIoare, late Lady District Officer of the Northern Area, Div. urgeons D. W. Reid and S. L. Westlake, Supts. J. Standingford and J. W. Tayler) Lady Supt. Miss Baxter, and 'Amb. Officer S. J. Stillwell. Lady District Officer Mrs. MacFadden was unable to be present but sent her best wishes by telegl'am during the evening. Supt. S. H. Collins welcomed the visitors, after which the Assistant Commissioner gave a few particulars regarding the work of the Divisions and congratulated them on thc progress they had made. This was followed by Lady Supt. Miss Vi cary cutting the birthday cake. The evening was spent in dancing, music for which was provided by the CL.B. Band, songs, games, and Amb. Officer Stillwell very kindly entertained the company with sOl11e of his conjuring feats.

A very enjoyable evening was spent) and the Division5 now look forward to another successful year. DAGENII~r.-A series of Cinematograph Lectures has been arranged by the Dagenham Division for the next winter season. Each lecture will be held at the Outpatients' Dept. of King George Hospital, Five Elms Lane, Dagenham, and will commence at 8.30 p.m . The dates and subjects are as follo\\"s : eptember 18th) 193-+.-The Body Framework. Carrying the Injured. October 16th, 193-+.-The l\Iuscles. November 20th) 1934.-The Skin. December 18th, 1934.-Breathing. January 22nd, 1935.-The Blood. February 19th, 1935.-Circulatory Control. Control of Bleeding. March 19th, 1935.-How Teeth Grow. Care of Teeth. April 16th, 1935.- Digestion. The Lecture are entirely free, and Members of The Brigade and The British Red Cross Society are cordially invited, a al 0 are any other persons interested.

No. IV. (Lancashire) District. BACUP.-" \\,i th the enormou number of road accidents to-day, the St. John Ambulance mo\-ement, I think, was ne\·er more needed than at present," remarked 1\1r. B. Ja ckson, who presided at the annual distribution of certificates and medallions at the Ambulance Hall, Bacup. The presentations were made by Col. G. G. H. Bolton, M.C., president of the Accrington Corps, and reference was made to the absence, through illness, of the President, Ald. ]. H. Lord, J. P. BURY.-As a re ult of the recent production of The Quaker Girl by the Bury Lyric Amateur Operatic ociety, Ambulance Divisions at Bury, Tottington, vVhitefield and Radcliffe have received £1 1s. each. LVTl-IAl\1-ST.-ANNEs. - After the annual inspection of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions by the Commissioner, Mr. \V. G. Smith, O. B. E., lr. Clifton, of Lytham Hall, presented to Supt. George Ralphs a bar to his medal for long sen·ice in the L. 1\1. S. Rail"way Ambulance Sen'ice (25 years). P:- speci~l featu.re was tl;e. display of 111\·alid Cookery, the dis hes bemg Yaned, appetlsmg and tem pting, .vhich ,,-as proved conclusively by the g uests after the conclusion of the formal inspection. OLDIIAM. - The production of Rose Marie by the Oldham Operatic Society has resulted in £500 being distributed to charities, among which the St. John Ambulance A ociation received £10. Since its foundation the Society has distributed £3,0.f5 to local charities. ORi\JSKIRK. - The Ormskirk section of the St. J 011 11 Ambulance Brigade deserve credit for their work during

310

F I·· R S 1

the vVhitsuntide holidays. A First Aid tent was erected at a dangerous corner at Aughton, in a field. kindly lent by Ir. John Prescott, of Winifred Farm. ThIrty-one me~l were on duty at inten'als from noon on aturday untd 10nda)' night. SouTHPoRT.-Under the unday Entertainments Act, 1933, the funds received from the outhport Cinemas distribueed to local charities included £20 to the St. John Ambulance Association. OBITUARY.-Both East and \Vest Lancashire have suffered serious loss within the last few days by the deaths of Ald. J. H. Lord, J. P., of Bacup, and Coun. H. Eastwood, of Lytham. Both these gentlemen took ~ kee~l il?terest in the ambulance movement in their respective dlstncts, and the movement is the poorer by their passing. BLACKPooL.-A smart display was given by members of the Blackpool Division at the annual inspection at headquarters on May 30th. .. The inspecting officer was DIstnct Officer W. H. Gastall, D.C..l\I., of the Headquarters Staff) and there was a parade of 42. Supt. G. 'Nilson, assisted by Amb. Offic~r.s). Hartley and vV. W. Briggs, was in charge of the DIvls~on. . A O'uard of honour under Corpi. R. AdaIr receIved the insp~cting officer at the entrance) 'a general march past following. . The men then went through a cours~ of band~gl~g under Staff Sergt. T. Wilson; hand seat dnll and artificlal respiration, under Sergt. H. Hacking; and stretcher work under Sergt. H. Schofield. It was announced that every member of the Division had passed the annual re-exam~nation, a~d ~hat 12 members had passed the home nursmg exammatlOn. The long-service and good conduct medal of the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve was presenteu to Corpi. N. Watson.

No. V. District. The annual inspection of the South Lincolnshire area took place on Sunday, June 3rd, at Spalding. The parade, numbering some 350 was. u~der the charge of Capt. G. B. Armstrong) Asst. Comn:lssIon~r f.or South Lincs. Other officers on parade bemg DIstnct Officers G. A. Enderby (Boston), F. F. Gibson (Lincoln), and Corps Surgeon J. A. Hadley (Lincoln).. . A special service took place at the Spaldmg Pansh Church at noon, when an address was given by the Vicar, Canon Basil G. Nicholas, M.A. In the afternoon there was a parade to the Grammar School field) where an inspection was held. . The Inspecting Officer was Mr. S. W. Malkm (Commissioner No. 5 District), accompanied by Mr. H. C. Else (Chief of Staff), Lieu~.-Col. F. S. Lambert (A sst. Commissioner) Reserve), Lleut. H. C. Chambers. (Asst. Commissioner for Derbyshire), Mr. A . B. GIbson (Asst. Commissioner for otts)) Dr. H. W. Horan (District Surgeon) and Lady District Supt. Mrs. M. Bi:kbeck... Following the inspection) team~ from va.nous DIVIsions gave a demonstration of practIcal first-aId work. . The Commissioner congratulated the parade on then bearing and smartness. The District Surgeon had reported that he was very proud of the first-aid work seen that afternoon. Long Service Medals were presented to Div. Supt. A. H. Molson, Amb. Officer C. Wheatman and Treasurer O. R. Cole) all of the Spalding Division... . Addressing Supt. Molson) the CommISSIOner saId that

A 10.

J une , l

1934 .

his was not only 15 years' service, but efficient service, and he thanked him for his pa t work. He congratulated Mr. Wheatman, and complimented him on being promoted Lo a Commissioned Officer. 11r. Cole was also heartily congratula ted. . . Tea was partaken In the Spaldll1g Corn Exchange, where the Commi ioner congratulated Capt. Armstrong on the successful parade. The Chief of Staff (::\1r. H. C. Else) supported, and aid that he had attencJed many in pcction , but few \\ ith so little with which to find fault. Captain Armstrong briefly replied, and also asked that a yote of thanks be passed to the palding Band, who had giyen their services.

No. VI. iJistrict. BI nop AucKL\ND.-Arembers of the Bishop Auckland ocial Service Ambulance Brigade had a bu y time on Whit Aronday. One party of members were on duty at a gala in Bishop's Park and another party did road patrol duty on bicycles. A tent was used as a first aid post in the first duty, being under the supervision of upt. . B. Paydon. l\Iany cases were treated. The road patrol duty, between Bishop Auckland ancl Barnard Castle, was under the direction of Amb. Officer G. 'V. Spooner, and here again many cases receivecl attention. The Divi ion has now purchased a bell tent, which will be used ~s a first aiel post.

June. 1934.

FIR S T

the results as follc)\\s :-l\Tell: 1st, IIor~ha111, 424; 2nd, . . h ford \'\forks. 3-1-7: 3re!, IIaslct1ll're, 3-1-5: 4th, fIastings S. R., 3-1-3; 5th, ClIild ford S.R., 328; 6th, Ash ford Town, 323. The Folkcstone no." acid g-aincd secane! place to he l\faicJstone (;irl Cadets and \\ere pre.ented with the .. ~l r,-;. R icharch" CUJl. The trophies alHl incli"iclual prizes were prescnted hy :\[rs. Hichard', "iic of the COlllmissioner, lIar ham rccei\'ing the .. Thrc ()t1ntie" ~ hiclcl ane! Ashforcl \Vorb the ,. Dr. C()lton " :hiek!. Amh. Orticer Trott, captain ()f the winning- team, proposed a \'()te ()j thallb to the jud[!,·es. Thl' Commissioner cong-ra[ulall'd the winners and felt "lin' that [hL team .' [0 reprc . . lIll the District in [he nrigadt: Final \\ollle! uphold thc h()n()ur of the District. The proceed in!:!' closed ",ith a \'ote of thanks to ::'Ir . RIchards \\ hich \\ as pr()posed b) District Officer \Vrig-glt's\\,()rth. the ellcrgetic cO!1lpetition l'cretary. The Kellt District cCllllpctiti(JllS wcre held at ::\1aid"IOl1e Oil • .l111rda\, \fay 5th. The jUd .gl· . . ·for tllc IllCIl" tC'i[S \\ere: Mr. E. ;\L

No. VIII. (Duke of Connaught's ) District. The final competitions of the o. 8 District were held at Caterham on Saturday, May 12th. Judges in the men's tests were: Team: ~r. N. Corb~t Fletcher, Asst. Surgeon-in-Chief of the Bngade. IndIvidual: County Surgeon F. C. Cozens (Nos. 1 and 2), County Surgeon A. M. Pollock (Nos. 3 and 4)) Dr. F. Heber (Officer). Uniforms: Commissioner Richards and District Officer E. J. Prew. In the Cadet's tests the team judge was District Officer C. Milton, whilst District Officer J. Flavin and Cadet Supt. W. Smeed officiated in the individual tests. The judges and a report of the Nursing competitions appears on "Our Nurses' Pages." . For the team test the men had the followmg:Card: _CC You are the first team to report at the waitinO' room in these schools for the competitio;l. On enteri;g you observe a ladder on which the caretaker is carrying down two pieces of timber and at the foot o f which his elderly mate is standing. Carryon as you would in actual circumstances if an accident happens." Staging and Action of Test:Ladder erected and made secure. On entry of team "Caretaker" holding two pieces of timber is half way up the ladder. His mate at the fo~t of the ladder shouts, "Hold tight. A piece of wood IS slipping." At a signal from the judge the "Caretaker" dr~ps one piece of wood) represented by corrugated paper, whIch falls on the "mate." The "Caretaker)) gets excited, slips) gets h is leg' caught in one of the rungs of the ladder. He drops th'e second piece of wood on his mate, who now lies on the floor. Injuries.-"Caretaker," dislocated right shoulde r and sprained left ankle. "Mate," fractures left leg and right clavicle. Commissioner E. A. Richards presided at the presentation gathering which followed the tests and ann o un ced

Ilfracombe Ambulance Team, winners of the" Lady Forester" Cup Competition. ealed : Div. Sec. R. C. Ro!~crs, Div. upl. S. II Dunce. Standing: PIes. \V. \Villial11 , E. Tn:t\\'in, \-V . F. quire. Caillble, Aylesham: Dr. 1 rllnler, North fleet; Dr> F. S. Thorntoll, Adclleslol1c; l\lajor 1athesoll, 1\laldstol1c; l\Tajor W. II. F . NollIe, and District Officer T. Potl ; a nd for the Boy CacJets, District Officer W. Hancox, Supl. n. Beaumont ancl George Huntley. TIle oro'anisation of the competition was hy Corp upt. J oh11 1"> Day, Corps Officer A. Wilkins and other officers and members of the Maidstone Corps. Tn the men' te t each team was supposed to be demolishing a wooden garage. One man falls breaking a window. The inj urie~ dealt with were sprained left ankle,

A I D.

3 11

divided radial and ulna arteries hetween wrist and palm, with marked arterial hemorrhage, scalp wound right temple, conCll sion, and ru ty nail" lhrough" right foot. Ir. E. A. Richards, Commissioner, presided at the prize presentation and announced the result as follo\\'s: len: 1, Ashford \\'orks, 354 marks; 2) Ashford Tmnl, 29-1-; 3, itting-bourne, 291 ; 4, Ashford Station , 287; 5, Fa\'ersham, 266; 6, Folke tone Tovm, 265; 7, Folkestonc S.R., 261: 8, Ramsgate '.R., 241: 9) vVestgate, 240; 10, Snowdowll Colliery, 235: 11 Chatham .R., 225. Boy Cadets: 1, Folkestone, 208; 2, Herne Bay, 193; 3, A llford Town, 182; -+, vVestgate, 175; 5, Holy Trinity, Sittingbourne 143. The Mayor of Maidstone (Alderman \Villiam Day) presented the awards. -EWlf.WEx.-Organised by a J01l1t committee of the Di\'i iOll, the ollthern Railway ='J e\\'haven Centre of the Association, for the purpo e of di tributingthe a \\ard recently gained by memher. ) a concert was held at the :\li ion to Seamen's Institute on 'Vednesday e\'ening', .l\Iay 30th. n the una\'oidable ah ence of Mr. II. K. Payne (Diy. 1\larinc 1anager) and 1\lrs. Payne, 1\1r. C. A. Pritchard (Chief Assistant, Freight Section) presicled. and \\'a upported by :\lrs. Pritchard, Dr. J. O. ~ ummerhaye , D.S .O ., and :\1r. A. E. Harding (late Diy. Supt. of the Brigade and Hon. Secretary to ewha\'en Cent re cIa e). Owing to ill-health. 11r. Harding has found it neces ar)' to re ign the offices he held. and he has hecn llcceeded a Di\'i ional Superintendent by 11r. Chas. Relph. anel a ' Han. ~ ecretary of the Southern Ra il\\,a\·. 1 e\\'hann Centre, by .l\I r. H. Ince. Dt;ring anintcr\';].1 :\lrs.- Pritchard di tributed th e C\\\'arcls to the l1ccessful candidate. Thc Chairman aiel he had a olea ant ta k to perform in connection ",ith ::\fr. A. E. Harding. who had been actiYCh' intere ted in fir t-aid \\'ork ner since 1906. The ollly period he wa a\\'ay ",as during the \\'ar, when, o\\'itlQ' to hi great knowledge of amhulance work. he was aUached to the R.A.:\I.c. and ervecl in Salonika. As in the ca e of mal1\' others. the war had left its mark on 1\fr. IIarding. and he felt that the ",ark to he done in the nri~'acle left him no alternati\'e but to resign. It was felt hoth by 11i fello\\'-\\,orkers in the Railway Centre and in the Division of the Brigade that some recognition of the e teem in which he was held hould be shown him. These tangible recognition took the form of a folding camera from the memhers of the Railway Centre at Ne\\'ha\'en Harhour, and a framed picture of himself in uniform from the officers, N.C.O.' and private of the Division. lr. Harding', in acknowledging- the pre entation, rcmarked that he had he en taken by surprise, but he thanked all who had taken a g-reat interc t in connection with the gifts, which he should always prize a memento of his many years' association with them. lIe felt he \\'a ' \\'e11 repaid that evening for the many year he had given in the interests of fir t-aid work. : \ e\\ ha \'en

The Princess Royal on Saturday, Ju ne 2nd, visited Hyland, Chelmsford , the residence of Mrs. ]. 1. Ha nbury, on the occasion of the annual ral ly of the Essex branches of the Brit ish R ed Cross Society a nd th e Order of S t. J ohn of J eru a lem . 3

•

R eturn s of street accidents in the Metropolitan d i8trict for th e three months e nded March 31st, 193-+, have now bee n is ued by Scotlan d Ya rd . There was an increase in the n umber of accid e nts to 32, 138 from the 27,009 recor ded in t he correspondi ng q uarte r of 1933. T here was a red uction in th e number of perso ns kill ed fro m 322 to 315 .

312

FIRST

St. John Ambulance Brigade Finals. The :1.mbulance and Nursing competition finals were held at the HOlel Great entral, London, on Friday, 1ay 25th, under the direction of the Chief Commissioner, ~lajor General Sir John Duncan, K.C.B., Ci\LG., CV.O., D.S.O. assi ted by the Brig-ade Secretary, l'I1ajor P. G. DarvilSmith, CB.E. The following committee was responsible for the test : Col. C. I. Ellis, C l.G. (Surgeon-in-Chief), Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher (Asst. Surg-eon-in-Chief), Lt.-Col. 1\1. l\IacE\\'an, D. F.e. (Asst. Commissioner, No. 10 District), Dr. F. C Cozens (County Surg-eon, No. " (Duke of Connaught's) District), Dr. B. Venn Dunn (County Surgeon, o. 9 District), Corps-Surgeon F. S. Hardy (No. 5 Di tricl), Dr. Margaret J. Trotter (Div. Surgeon, No. 1 (Prince of \Vales's) District), ~nd Dr. A. P. Gorham (Div. Surgeon, .TO. 2 District). Major J. F. C Hossack, F.R.CS.(E.), (Commissioner, No. 10 District), was in charge of patients' make-up, whilst District Officer H. J. \Vrigglesworth wa the efficienL com petition secretary. Judges for the various tests were: i\Ien - Team test, Captain H. A. Fenton, L.l\1.S.S.A., L.S.A. (County Surgeon, No.1 (Prince of \Vales's) District). Individual and Dual Practical with Oral Questions, J. J. H uey, L. 1. S. S. A. , L.S.A. (Asst. Commi sioner, 10 . 5 District), \\'. Traill Thomson, l.R.CS., L.R.CP. (Di\'. Surg-eon, No.3 (Western) District), 1ajor J. A. l\lackenzie, i\J.A., I\1.B., B.Ch. (District Officer, No.4 (Lancashire) District). Uniforms, W. E. Audland, l\1.B.E., I\1.R.CS. (County Commissioner, No. 2 (Oxford) District), Major John Orton, M. D. (Commissioner, No.3 (Western) District). \Vomen.-Team Test-First ,Aid, Noel B. Farman l\1.R.e.S., L.R.C.P. (Div. Surgeon, No.1 (Prince of \Vales's) District). Home Nursing, 1iss R. Osborne, CB.E., R.R.e. (l\latron-in-Chief, T.A.N.S.). Individual and Dual Practical Tests with Oral Questiuns- First Aid Practical, A. 'W atson, 1\1. R. C S., L. R. e. P. (Div. Surgeon, •o. 6 District); Home Nursing, Miss J. Gretton (Asst. Matron, University College Hospital); Bedmaking, liss 1\1. M. Ingham (Matron, St. Mary Abbot's Hospital). U niforms, Mrs. E. A. Tweedale, e.B.E., A.R.R.C., J.P. (Lady District Supt., No.4 (Lancashire), District), Miss E. 1. Rideout (Lady District Supt., o. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District). Throughout the day a large gathering of enthusiastic Brigade members and friends followed closely the work done by the competitors. We were pleased to note that for the first time for many years, a nurses' team from the Irish Free State were among the entrants. The staging of the team ttsts were of an excellent nature, thanks to the generosity of Mr. John Maxwell and 1\1r. Joseph Grossman of the British International Pictures, Ltd. During the afternoon the building became somewhat densely populated and we noticed many distinguished members of the Order present. At about 4 p.m. H. R.H. the Duchess of York, Dame Grand Cross of the Order and Commandant-in-Chief of the ursing Corps and Divisions, arrived and inspected the Guard of Honour, composed of members of No.1 (Prince of Wales's) District under the command of Asst. Commissioner Capt. G. W. Kendall. Her Royal Highness was met by the Sub-Prior the Earl of Scarboroug-h, Sir Percival Wilkinson, Sir John Duncan and Lady Perrott. Also present were the Mayor and Mayoress of Marylebone. The Earl of Scarborough presided at the presentations and, in a speech of vVelcome to Her Ro) al Highness, said that the Brigade during the past year had recorded 471,731 cases of accidents and sudden illness, and the number of

June, 1934.

J une . 1934.

A I D.

roadside huts now established \,vas 1,061. The rersonnel of the Brigade had increased by 3,4 0 hring-ing- the tolal lo 61,570, whilst the Cadets had :ellso incrca cd by 1,429 and \lOW numbered 10,526. Sir John Duncan then announced the results: "

DEWAR"

II.\LLENGE SIIIELD.

Di -trict.

Team.

~lark

o. 4 1, Crewe "A" 10 2, Hitchin 3, Hor hal11 3 4, l\litchell and Butler " 5 5, Goldlhorpe and Barnhoro' 9 6, City of Exeter 2 7, Cheltenham F. S. 7 8, :hre\\'sbury 9, L.l\1.. . R. (London) " 1 Priory for Wale..., 10, Te\\'port (1\101l.) 0:0. 6 11, Hellon-Ie-Hole "Symons Eccles" Challenge Cup, Hitchill. "Trimble" Trophy, j\ litchell and BuLlers'. "Ellis" Cup, Amb. 00l cer P. Reed, ~litchell Butler '. "

PERROl r"

CIIALLENGE

-126 392 391

363 350 3-17 340 32g 326

JOJ 295

and

IIIELD.

Team. District. 1, hrewsbury No.2 :\0. 7 2, Ripon 5 3, Paig'Oton 9 4, Temple 1 5, Hull (Kingston) () 6, Great Yarmouth 10 7, Blackpool " 4 8, Llanelly Prior~ fo~ WaiL'..., 9, Herne Bay o. X 10, Vaughan Colle~e 3 11, \Veston-super-l"Jare 2 12, Harcourt Irish Free , tate " Corbet Fletcher" Trophy, Ripon. « Chalmers" Trophy, Shrewsbury . « Lady 10untgarreL" Cup, Herne Ba). « Ellis" Cup, Lady Amb. Officer :\1. Bullock, bury.

;\[arks.

FIRST

.1ction and Stalrhll{oj Test. The team arrives on board accompanying the l\Iedical Officer, who requests a Petty Officer to demonstrate the working of a torpedo tube. The Pelty Officer says: " Good afternoon, gentlemen. This is a torpedo tube. There are different types of torpedo tubes. Those carried in submarines are usually fired by compressed air. The charge in this typ~ is fired by electricity." While g-rasping the firing apparatus with his right hand a nash and explosion take place. The Petty Officer dances about holdin~ his rig-ht hand in his left and yclling "blue murder." The ledical Officer hearing the explosion falls off the ladder and lies crumpl d up with hi head toward the torpedo tune; right leg in an unnatural positio,1. enery of battleship according to plan on platform. Front of platform repre ent side of of ship. Bandstand, torpedo lube, and moke tack as plan. Space between bandstand and side of hip 4 feet. hip's gangway from platform to noor of hall, gangway 3 feet wide. Part of Iloor of hall to be ropeel orT to r~present rart of qua) side. On left of quay, movable curtain concealing dummy ambulance, hal k to quay, into \\ hich patients can be loaded" on arri\'al of am bulancl'. " 11 r1gh t of quay . -:-..:. O. ' oO'ice marked, and with n >al tdephone and ard g-i\'ing numbers of hospital, ambulance anti do -tor<;. .\n officer steward should be in thi;-, ofli ce to t.;'i\c in tructed replies to me sages ent. Tl':lll1s will carry Ilr~t aid hay r ack~. ick bf'l)' back of

A I D.

313

lance on its way to London, while you will be picked up again by it on its return in four hours. Action and Sta,Ring of Test. An officer and three Ambulance Sisters have proceeded to the divisional first aid hut to prepare it for opening next day, and they find they have been given the wrong key. On entry of team into hut, the side will be folded back to allow of (he work being seen. Owing to its long- distance from a tov.m, the hut is fitted up as a sma'i ward, where a patient can be taken, pending the arrival of a doctor or ambulance. The hut should be completely arranged in six (6) minutes, when the side will be closed and a signal given for a crashing to be made. The Officer should proceed to the door to investigate, and will observe a small car turned upside down nearby, with its dri\'er and a woman passenger thrown out into the road. The woman patient \vill be stunned only, and afterwards make anxious enquiries about the driver. At a signal from the Judge two men will appear on the scene smoking- pipes, and they will assist if asked. 1£ the doctor is telephoned for, he will direct the team to take the patient into the hut and place him on the bed pending his arrival, owing to the ambulance not being a\'ailable for some hours. No other "ehicle will be in sight or pass the hut.

JYO 37-1 3-1, '

JJ7 323 319

,~1" :\ t. 1

3Ub

305 275 244

hre\\' -

The" Ellis" Cups are two new trophie presented by the urgeon-in-Chief of the Brigade, Colonel e. 1. Elli , to be awarded to the team captain gaining the highest marks in the Individual Practical including the marks in the team test for" Competency of Officer." The Duchess of York g-raciously presented the trophies and individual prizes, and in a short speech congratulatcd the winning team and expressed her appreciation of the fine public spirit shown by members of the Brigade in giving up their time to go on duty in the roadside huls so as to be at hand in cases of accident. She hoped that the forthcomingNursing cam ps would be as beneficial as those of last year. The proceedings concluded with the playing of the National Anthem. TilE TESTS.

The team test set the men was as follows: Ca1-d of Ins/?-ucfiolZ for Team. - The Fleet is in Home Waters with one of its number in dock. The ship's crew has been paid off, and there is only a skeleton crew on board . You five have been on duty in the town, and beinginterested in ships, you stroll along the quay. On reaching the battleship you notice an officer on deck who, on recognising your uniform, advances down the gangway to meet you. He is the ship's medical officer. He invites the fi\'e of you to go over thc ship. Act as you would in any emergency.

II. R. H. The_Duchess of York pre enting the "Dewar" Shield to Crewe "A" Ambulance Team and the "Perrott" Shield to the Shrewsbury No.2 Nursing Team. stage between torpedo tubes and smoke stack, complete with blankets, pillows, hot-water botlles, hot and cold water, basin, jugs, washing soda to repres nt ice, baking soda and lint. Medical Officer. - Faked simple fracture of the right feBlur, faked h~morrhage from right nostril, ear and mouth; faked Oushed face. Petty Officer. Black electric charring on palm of right hand, face pale. A second Pretty OrEcer standing by who can be used to go to sick bay, etc. The Nurses Team Test was the following : -

Card oj Instruction Jor Team. - You four have been detailed to arrange this roadside hut on a lonely moor, 10 miles from the nearest town for commencement of duty tomorrow. You know that the walls and floor of the hut were thoroughly cleaned yesterday. It is a chilly d?y with prospects of rain, and you were brought here by motor ambu-

' ,V hen the dri\'er has been taken into the hut, the side will be again folded back Faked fractures right arm (middle of the shaft) and right patella. ,:\:-terial h~mor rhage from right wri t. Pale face. For the Individual and Dual Practical Te ts competitors were set the following:-

the

Q!Jzcer, . Y. C. O. or .1l1lbulance Sl'ster hz Cila/~{{e. - An elderly gentlemen is in his garden on a hot summer day, standing on a pair of steps 5 feet from the ground, pruning a tree. He is seen by his manservant to fall from the steps. The frightened servant calls to you for help, and on arrival in the garden you find the old m.an lying on his back with hi left leg doubled under him. It is al 0 seen that his pruning knife has pierced his right arm two inches above the elbow and is sticking into it. Act as you think fit. The servant may be u ed, but he knows nothing- of first aid. There is no one else at home nor is there a telephone. The nearest doctor and telephone are five miles away.

314

FIR S T

Bearers ~Yos. I and 2. -You two are silting preparing for this competition and you know there is a lad in the next room cleaning a high window. uddenly you hear a window smash and the sound of a fall. Act as you should. Screen separate one room from the other. A ladder i against the \yall ne,'\[ the windo\\'. Some broken glass is on the ground beside patient. Telephone in room. Kettle on ga ring. Tea, teapot, cup, saucer, and spoon in cupboard. Couch in first room with cushions and rug thereon. Patient's face to be whitened, the right hand to have wounds grease-painted on b2ck and front. Red fluid on floor and on patient's clothes. The lad is lying at the foot of a ladder placed near the window, right arm bent under him. Bearers 1'/os. J and 4.-You two were trayelling in the country in a motor-bus, and had just dismounted when you saw an aeroplane crash in a near-by field. As you approach the wreckage you see that the machine is bursting into names. It is a warm summer's day. Aeroplane may be made of the tops of three trestletables arranged in shape of an arrow-head, with chairs beneath the middle part to represent the body of the plane j or a canvas model may be made 14 ft. across the wing tipS and 8 ft. from head to tail. The patient is lying face downwards with the right foot (bearing a shoe charred at the toe) lying in the wreckage. His left temple is marked with bright red grease paint. A cottage On the far side of the room is demarcated by screens, labelled c, Cottage." The owner of the cottage is inside, but being old and rather deaf he has heard nothing of the accident. In a medicine chest in the cottage are some rolls of bandage, some lint, iodine, and smelling salts. Cottage also contains rugs and cushions, empty lemonade bottles with screw tops, some bicarbonate of soda, a basin, kettle with hot water, and a cup, also dessert spoons. Competitors have no equipment. Siste1' 1.\'0. ? (Home )\/ursing Test ) . -This girl, tvyelve years old, complained of sore throat this morning, and was put to bed this afternoon, having vomited. It is now 9.30 p. m. She is feverish and delirious. Temperature 103'6 degs. F. T:1e doctor has ordered tepid sponging. Will you undertake this, stating your requirements, and try to settle her down for the night? The housekeeper will get you what you want. Girl in bed. Usual sick-room arrangement, but table away from bed. Windowopen. A solution of carbolic acid, 1 in 20, labelled. A graduated measure (pint) for preparing disinfectant of correct strength. A clinical thermometer, fixed at a known temperature. Sisters Nos. 2 and" (Bed7llaking 7 est). - Test A .-A written message has been delivered to you that an elderly lady is suffering from collapse in church. You are asked to go immediately and prepare a bed in her home where she will be brought within 13 minutes. Test B. -After being placed in bed her face suddenly becomes flushed, breathing is stertorous, pulse slow and full, and the right side of the body is more limp than the other. Act at once. We have been favoured with the observations on the team tests by members of the judges' committee. These should prove of g-reat assistance to members of the competing teams:1\l£x's TEAM TEST, by M. MacEwan, D.F.C., T.D., M.B., Ch.B., Assistant Commissioner, No. 10 District. The standard of work was good, but with the exception of two or three teams, not exceptional·l y high. The injuries in the case of the Medical Officer were sufficiently serious to warrant Secondary Aid being procured, and the test was so arranged that if the Ambulance was not sent for in the first five minutes, it would be practically impos-

June , 1954

A I D.

sible for the teams to perform the last part of 1he test, owing to the fact that the Amhulance took 10 minutes to arrive. Ilardly all\' of the teams realised Ihat the , Dace they were wo~kil1g~ in (-t. ft. wiele) ",as too narrow' for the strclcher to be loaded in the ordinary way. ,tretcher work on the \\ hoI ",as had. The Birmingham team put up hy far the hest show in the actual treatment of th~~ case 011 hoard the ship, hut were unahle to finish the test owing- to the fact that the arriyal of the Amhlllallce coincided with the C'time." IIitchin tcam put up the hest show all tretcher work, lmt eyen in their case there was decided room for improvemcnt. The \\ inner. as far a<; the men's team te twa , concerned, put up a good all round show, hut in my opinion, c\'en they \\ere not quite up to the standard cxpected of the \\ inners of the " Dewar." " Alhert " is a great lad, and a ,"ery !.?,'ood leader, alld h e ha an excellent leader in one of hi team mel1lhers.

FIR S T

June, t 934 .

There was in ufficient control of both the injured arm and leg, the patient freCJuently being able to move bOlh about in a m(lnl1er dangerous to his inj uries. Con idering that all injurie wcre well marked, far t?O many qU(;'itlOllS were hurled at the Judge, and ton lIttle use made of C) es and hands. You ought to he alll to lind the e marked abnormalities \yithout aski11g the Judge \"hether they are pre ent, and if you canl10t find any ahnormality, cOl1clude that there i~ 110t one pre cnt. From the way in which the arlll was splinted. I \\'a forced to the c011clusiol1 that the FRONT of the arm had I1l\'l.:r bel'n dC11l()llstratl'd to YOU. and I aOTee that the picture in the Black nook ka\-es a lot to th~ imao-ination. ld nti{icalioll of the paticnt. and details of thl">e injurv 'phoned to the doctor wer e a fterthoughts in most caseS. anci forgotten by the majority.

- - -- . - . - -TE \;'f TEST. hy F. O%eIlS, 1\1. H., County urge o n, 1 o . 8 District.

URSING

h.n.,

The Team Te t for the Perrott" . hield can he divided into three pa rts :1. Preparation of a R()ad IIut for accidents. 2. Immediate treatmCJll of a m<ln and ,,' ()man injured in an accident occurring durin~ thl' preparation () f the TI ul. 3. More detaileel lreatment and a fter -care of th e patient!:> in the lit it 'el f. while waiting' th e arrival of the doctor and amhulance. \\'hile thc majority of the team prepared the hll t fairly sati factorily, it wa cyic1ent that the rl'\' e rsal of th " uSt1al proeedure creatcd an atmosphere of c'\pcd'lncy. At th e out et it is onl\' fair to the T eams tn sa\' tha t 1 con ider they \\ere undo;lh tec1ly hampered h) tIll limited space that co uld he put at their disposal. Tn a hut ~ n accommodate a heel, nece 'an' furnitur e. olld a TcolII it would ha\'e to he t\\ice the s(z e of the onc provided, and space \\'ould not p e rmit. It was sug gested to me that the episocIe of the wron !.?; key so early in the proceeclings wa enough tn shake th " stoutest hearts hut observation ancl resource fulness arc to he expected from the hest team . ill the Brigade. In the preparation of the Ilut all teams forgot to wipc the furniture ane! 11ec1 \\ilh a cI\1 ler damped in eli il~ fectant, although ol1le" elry dll ted" parts of the fur11l ture and bed. Practically all team forgot to opcn th e windows. Points such as these are routinc, and the ohsen'ance of them cloes not dep end so much upon a kno\\'ledge of Home tll-sing, as common sense and ordinary Spring cleaning methods. From the time that the accident occurred, with th l.: exception of the di rec t ions for transport which were in the main well given, the work wa decidedly helow t~at standard which one is right to expect from the leadingBrigade teams. Despite the fact that it was raining and the Hut Sf) near, most of tIle trea tment was attempted out of doors. Only one team got the male patient into bed, although several got him into the Hut. While the treatment of the fractured patella wac; (fuite good, despite the rain, the control of tIle hccmorr1lage from the wrist seemed an insuperahle difficulty to most teams. We were l1l1fortunate in finding nearly every te~m hastily compressing the Brachi~] Artery, w.ithout havlOg eliminated a fracture, and desplte protestatIOns from the patient. Only two teams used di~ect di~ital pressu.re, which at once controlled the bleedlOg, whIle SubclaVIan pressure continued that control while a dressing wa.s apnliec1. Those who did compress the Subclavian, did ,t well and quickly. .f

Territorial Army Ambulance Challenge Shield TIl IH TEEN team , d ra wn from all parts of Great 1 ritain, took part in th annual competition for the T rrit rial Arm)' Ambulance Challenge -hield, which I\-a held at tbe Royal rmy?\Iedical ollege, l\Iillbank, S.\ ., on 'aturday, June 9th. The competition was open to squads of Terri torial Arm)' med ical un its, each com prisi ng fOllr men, and of recogni ed stretcher-bearers from other units in the Territorial Army. The tests includ d str tcher drill, lifting and carrying wounded on stretcher and on improvised seats; first aid; triangular and r Iler bandagi ng ; and theoretica l stud ies . A special bada-e, which the King has given permission to be worn on the right forearm, when in uniform in peace time, is awarded to each mem ber of the suc es [ul teams. The trophies \Vere presented by Lt.-Gen. J . A. Hartigan, DirectorGeneral, Army Medical Services . The winners of the shield and badges were: 146th (West Ridi ng) Fie ld Am bulance (Cpl. R . C. Skelton, Pte. J. Hunter, Pte . A . H . Payne, and Pte . A . H. Hoyle), 350 out of 400. H. u n ne rs- u p and winners of the cup, 149th (Northumbrian) Field Ambu lance (Sgt. VI . J. B rown, Pte . J . Scott, Pte. T. W . Marshall and Pte . W . Allison), 335 . Every penny s pent on ad v ertis ing creates prestige , standing and reputation for the firm that s pends it. 't may not be djscernable in immedia te results, but the effect is certain and the power cumulativ e.

A I D.

315

~o1ice J\mbulance J'( ews. METROPOLITAN

SPECIAL

CO TSTABGLARY.

The annual ambulance competition for the "Gollin" and the "St. Clair" Cups was held on Sunday, l'Ilay 5th, at New Scotland Yard. The judges were Capt. F . E. Bendix, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. (team), Lt.-Col. F. A. Brooks, l.D., and Capt. A. C. White Knox, M.C., 1. B. (individual). The team test pre ented a scene in an entrance hall where a man had fallen off a ladder, sustaining a fracture of the pine and a fracture of the fibula. Quite a number of members witnessed the competitors at work, which was of a satisfactory nature . Sir \Valter Allen, Commandant-in-Chief, announced the results as h)lIows :-1st, " " Division, 209t marks j 2nd, "P" Division, 182t; 3rcl, "G. P. 0." Division, 180t. Ten teams competed. Sir Walter congratulated the teams on their ,\'ork and expre sed the hope that more teams would enter next year and more enthusia m be shown. He thanked the judges for their sl:rvices, also Captain Goodley, fil. C., for his his help j Chief In pector Ludgate and his assistants for arranging the function j and last, but not least, the gentleman who had acted as patient in the team test. The judges addressed the competitors, pointing out mistakes made where points had been lost. The cups and medals ,-,'ere presented at the Annual Inspection held on Sunday, June 3rd, a follows :-"Gollin" Cup and gold medals, c, "Division. "St. Clair" cup and silver medals, "P" Division.

Extract from the annual report of the Chief Constable of Birmingham : "As to ambulance \\'ork, 1,556 male members of the Force were qualified to render first aid to the injured, and 14 of the \Vomen Police were also qualified. The following . uJ11lllary shows the nature of the case treated by the Police during the year: W ounds, 1,146; fracture, 780 ; various fits, 663 j sprains, 74 j di locations, 3 ; apparenth'dro\\'ned, 16 ; bites of animal, 40; uA'ocation by gas or s'l1loke 91' bur t varicose \'eins, 13; abrasion, 1,008 j~ burn and s~alds: 68 ; roi oning, 61 ; concus ion, 261 j hanging, 1 j injuries not cia ified, 592 ; total, 4,852. During 1933, the motor am bulances attended to 5, 9 ~ 1 accidents and 213 pri\'ate cases. The hanu ambulances were used on 10 occasions."

" Nursing in the home can legitimately take its place in the field of preventive medicine . Just a ton ils are remo\'ed as a pre\'enti\,e measure to ward off erious di ease so . killed home nursing is preventive in saving life or pre\'~nt IIlg the occurrence of se\'ere complications. " - Dr. E. \\'. Caryl Thomas, M.O. H ., Dagenham.

A gentleman who had had a pretty hectic time ,,,ith some companions went to see a doctor, and asked for a medica l certificate to send to his emplo) ers. This was o-i\'cn to him, and to hi urprise he found the doctor had ce:tified him as sufTering from "syncopation." Arrived home, he consulted t he directory as to the meaning of this word, and found it given as c, an uneven movement from bar to bar."

316

FIR S T

June, 1934.

A I D.

Raz/way Ambulance News. Inter=Railw a y Ambulance Final. ANOTHER NEW NAl\lE ON T HE SHIELD.

For the second year in succession a team representing the Great Western Railway wa successful in winning the I nterRailway Ambulance 5hield at Lhe final competition held on lay 15th, at the Great Central Hotel, London; South Lambeth, occupying the premier position. This year's event pro\'ed a great success, the number of visitors being more than usual. The tests, set and jud:;ed by Capt. A. C. \Vhite Knox, 1. C. (team and o. 5) and Lieut. · Col. 1\1. lacEwan, D. F. C. ( lOS . 1, 2, 3 and 4) were of a very high, but straightforwnrd, nature. In the team test the staging was excellent and left nothing to imagination, whilst in the individual room, Col. lacEwan utilised a wonderfully faked compound complicated fracture of the leg in one of his tests. The general census of the competitors and the visitors was that this year's final was one of the best e\'er held. Only one " grouse" was heard, namel", the room in which the individual tests were held was far too small to accommodate those who wished to follow the teams. The social side of the event was not neglected and we were pleased to meet some old campaigners and friends during the day. It was also gratifying to note the number of comparatively young faces among the crowd ready, no doubt, to take the place of tnose who feel they ha.ve had or done, enough. The various Rail way Ambulance Secretaries were present, assistIng as stewards, etc., and we congratulate 1\1r. D. G. Monteith, the Competition Secretary of the S.J.A.A., on the excellent arrangements. The distribution of prizes was presided o\'er by Lieut.General Sir Aylmer Hunter-Weston, K.C.B., D.S.O., R.E., M.P., Chancellor of the Order of St. John, and the challellgc shield, "Corbet Fletcher" Cup and prizes were presented by Sir Josiah Stamp, C. B. E., D. Sc., President of the Executive of the London, lidland and Scottish Railway. Also on the platform were Major-General Sir Percival 'vVilkinson, Secretary General of the Order; Major-General Sir John Duncan, Chief Commissioner, S.J.A.B.; Mr. William \Vhitelaw, Mr. H. T. Bailey and Sir R. Wedgwood representing the L. & N. E. R . ; Mr. G. L. Darbyshire and lr. W. E. C. Lazenby representing the L.M.S. ; Major Szlumper and Mr. W. G. Pape the Southern Rly., and Mr. ]. F. Lean and Ir. A. 1aynard representing the G. W. Rly. The result was announced by Sir Percival Wilkinson, and, as published in last month's issue, South Lambeth (G.W.R.) were filSt, followed by Crewe (L.M.S.) and Horsham (S. R.). The chairman congratulated the South Lambeth team on winning the shield. He wished to thank everyone for their presence and congratulate the Heads of the railway world because their attendance at the com petiton meant that they appreciate the work done by their staff who are taking an interest in first aid. He also thanked Sir Josiah Stamp, Mr. John Maxwell, Mr. Grossman, and the film company (Mr. Marchant of the British International

Pictures) who org-anised the erection of the r alistic setting for the competition ; and the doctor " who had acted as judges that day; and lr. D. G. 10nteith who was responsible for the arrangement . Sir Josiah, in reply, reg-arde'd it a g-reat honour to have been asked to make the presentations. IIe would, however, like to point out that the aeroplane which had crashed nine time'S during the day wa not a " Railway Air Sen'ices, Ltd." machine, but one pri\'a tely owned. II e took great pride in the achi vement of the rail\\'ay ambulance work. \\'hen it was realised that there \,'e re 25,000 railwaymen \o\"ho had high ambulance qualification it would be seen that dwt it was a remarkable mo\' l11ent through our system. Ile wished to thank the Order of t. John for the happy conclusion of the 1934 lnter-Railwa) Competition and for the encouragement and stimulus g-in.>n in am bulance \\'ork. The judges also replied. They wereatifieJ that it the competitors had to treat ~n actual ca e the pati nh would be in good hands. The Challenge . "hield ",a then pre ~nted t() the <";outh Lambeth team, the " orbe: Fletch r" trophy to Crewe lachine Shop team and indi\'idual prizes to ach membpr of the nine teams. TilE TE TS. The test set for the team tcst and th was as follows : CARD

HAr-:oEO TO EACll

:'.lDIRER OF

June, 1934 .

FIR S T

Test eyes and pupils for reaction to touch and light (none) What is state of weather (fine anJ S'JI1I1Y) Telephone from office for doctor and ambulance (doctor and ambulance will come) Detail one member to steady right arm I., the face pale or Hushed (Oushed) Raise and support head and shoulders Carefully remo\'e helmet and coat and expose wounds ndo all eight clothing... \Vhat is the character of hremorrhage (oozing from head, purting from middle of arm) ... immediate digital pressure right subclavian artery ar fully inclining patient' head to rig-ht Docs this arrest hremorrhage (yes) I-. there bone protruding through arm wound (yc ) Place pad in axilla and fix by bandag-e over shoulder and (ic under opposite armpit Release digital pre sure; i bleeding- L011trollpd (no) Do not apply broad bandag-e round forearm and body Lea\'l~ pad in po~ilion and re-apply digital pre sure Iodine fingers and examine wound

2 2 4

2 2 2 4

2 44

2 2 2 2 2 4

2 2

317

A I D.

Carefully remove obvious pieces Is the wound dirty (yes) How long before doctor arrives (fifteen minutes) Cut away hair round wound ... Obtain sterile water from first aid room and pour on wound Dry and apply iodine to wound and surrounding skin Apply clean, dry absorbent dressing Apply ring pad and fix by narrow bandage round head Apply cold water to head continuously Cover patient with blankets and apply hot bottles to heart and pit of stomach ... Test pulse at wrist (full and slow) Inquire character of breathing (stertorous) Is there any smell to breath (no) Examine rest of head for any other injury (none) Examine ears and nose for h<:emorrhage (none) Examine mouth for blood, froth, stains, or foreign bodies (none) ... Examine pupils (one eye slightly larger than other) Examine lower jaw for signs of injury (none)

2 2 2 4 2 2 4

-+ 4

2 2

2 4

-t -t 2

marking sheet

TEA,\!.

You four are on the stafT of "Rail\\'a\ Air en'ices, Ltd.," and are standing by the offices of on~ of their aerodromes waiting the arrival of a mall plane. The aerodrome has every u r-to-date equipment, including- a flr t aid room. You can hear the aeroplane in the di tance. A doctor 3.nd ambubnce can be summoned by telephone. Time allowed, 20 minutes, beg-inning when you recei\e this card. Selling, back sln<sre.-Aeroplane shown, no e down, one wing broken. Pilot in helmet and goggles lolling furward in cockpit with eyes closed, arms outstretchC'd, blood tain s on helmet and upper right sleeve and following injuries marked: Depressed fracture of skull (blood oozing), compound fracture of right arm, and simple fraclure of both tibias. Flames (stage) rising from aeroplane. Offices, left, contain Lelepbone. First aid room, right , contains full equipment. Curtain down on front of stage. Aclio1t.-While team reads card noise of plane gets louder, misfiring, very loud crash. Curtain goes up on the set. Observe fire extinguishers outside office and dash with them to burning plane 2 Are flames extinguished by their use (yes) 2 'vVith great care remove pilot from cockpit 6 Lay him on the ground on his back 2 Immediately despatch member for first aid kit 2 Are there any obvious signs of hrel110rrhage (after examination: blood stains on helmet and upper right sleeve) ... 2 Carefully remove goggles 2 Are there any signs of burns (no) 4 Speak to patient; does he respond (no) 2 Is the patient breathing (yes) 2

The South Lambeth (G. \N. R.) Team recci\'ing- the Inter-Raih\'8.r Ambulance Sir Josiah Stamp, President of the L. 1. : R. Are there any foreign bodies (no only bone protruding) Is the wound dirty (no) ... ... ... Apply iodine to wound and surrLlunding skin Apply clean dressing, pad, and bandage lightly Release digital pressure; is bleeding controlled (no) re-apply Do not extend the arm Place forearm at right-angles to arm and upport wrist by small armsling ... ... Apply splints, front, back, and outside arm Secu:-e by bandages above and below Release digital pressure j is bleeding now controlled (yes) ... ... Examine wound of ill ~IJ Are there any signs of irregularity or depression (yes) Diagnose depressed fracture of skull Make ring pad ... '\re there any foreign bodies in wound (yes, glass)

2 2 2 4

2 -+ 4

3 42 2 2 2 4

hield from

Examine for signs of swelling, irregularity, deformity, or wounds on either side; clavicles, shoulder blades, shoulder jnints Humerus, elbow, radius, and ulna, wri t, hand (compound fracture right arm) Breastbone, spine, ribs abdomen, and peh'is (none) Hip joints, femurs, knee joints, kneecaps, tibia, fibula, ankles and feet (swelling, irn'gularity, and deformity present both tibia,,) Immediately steady both limbs Draw up trousers and expo e injuries Are there any \vounds (no) Carefully draw legs into natural position Place padded splint between legs and padded splinLs outside both Pass bandages round both legs abo\'e and below fractures

+ -+ 6 -+ 2

2 2

F1RST

318

Round both legs above knees, and round both feet and ankles Broad bandage round both knees (or alternate!.)' treal each leg separately, I4 marl.'s) Test temperature of kin (raised) Does patient show any signs return to consciousness (no) Give nothillg by the mouth Decide remove patient to first aid room pending arrh'al of doctor and ambulance... Prepare and test stretcher and cover with bl~nket Nos. 1, 2, and 3 on left, No. -+ on right, lift patient Lower patient Cover up warmly and re-apply hot water bottles and keep head raised larch 50 yards to first aid room Re-examination of patient as to pulse, breathing, eyes, and wounds ... Identification and arranging for message to people ... Report to aerodrome officials... Diagnosis: Depressed fracture of kull; compound fracture of right arm; simple fractures of both tibias Smartness and efficiency

-+ 2 2 2

-+ -+ 4

-+ -+ -+ 4

A I D.

] une, 1934 .

when the fire was extinguished. out the work greatly improv d.

Having got the patient

I should like to give a word of advice rc removal of clothing. It is not ahvays neces ary to lit up ck)thing when it can be removed sufli.cienlly to expose injury. Patients do not like their clothing destroyed, and the airy manner of some team while they rapidly ruined a gooduit i unnecessary. The only other point to criticise was the methotl of tackling the bleetling frol11 the upper arm. I wanted it carried out according to the routine book method, reali. ingthat it is bad practice to use a broken arm as a lever. Those teams who kept up digital pressure on the subclm'ian recei\'ed a fair proportioll of mark " but they J11U~t realise that the subclavian is a very di flicult artery to keep etlici ' nt pressure on, especially when carr) ing on a !:>tretcher. I enjoyed judging a finc set of tealll

2 2 INDI\' IDUAL TESTS BY

6 10

260 In the individual tests competitors had the following cases : I'\os. 1 and 2.-A porter is unloading goods from a "an when two large cases overbalance, falling on top of him. There is another porter standing by. There is a doctor half a mile away, hospital and ambulance -+ miles away, and a telephone and first aid material in the refreshment room. The patient is found to be unconscious, breathing has ceased, and he has a compound complicated fracture of the right leg. No. 3 is walking behind a rowdy individual who is shouting and throwing his arms about. Suddenly he sees him fall forward and lie on his face. On examination the patient isfound to be unconscious and suffering- from alcoholic poisoning. A doctor lives half a mile away and a 'w oman is standing in the doorway of a cottage near by. No.4 is in the neighbourhood of the docks on a fine summer evening when he sees two men fighting. One of the men falls as the result of a blow, and is kicked by his opponent, who then runs away. The patient is unconscious, but regains consciousness after three minutes. He has a graze on the outside of the right lower jaw, which is fractured. A doctor lives close by, and a woman is standing in the doorway of a cottage near by. o. 5 sees a man slip and fall to the ground while hastening to the scene of the accident. The man fractures his left forearm and No. 5 has to render first aid in five minutes.

JUDGES' COMMENTS.

Once again we have been favoured with comments and criticism from the judges who acted on this occasion. These should prove of great value to the competitors. TEAM TEST BY CAPT. A. C. WHITE KNOX, M.C. The standard of the work was very high, and criticism is difficult. Some teams will wonder why they got no marks for removal of patient from plane. This was most universally badly done, and many teams failed to see the large fire extinguishers in front of them when approaching the plane. The result was an impossible scrambling removal of an apparently unconscious patient. There was plenty of time

Lu·:ur.- '01.. ;\1. 1\1 \LE\\,.\ " 1 . F. '.

On the whole the tandarJ of the \\'ork \\ as \ er) high. Many teams have yet to realise that shock kill.,; it mall, ant.! in some cases the treatment of shock \\'<1 ' much del'l\cel. III most cases hcemorrhag was d alt with vcry cOlllpletl'ly ant.! \'ery quickly, but asphyxia, \\ hich can be quite as ell'iuJI)' a.., bad hccmorrhage, wa in 'ollle case not e\ en trealetl, ant.! in man) cases where it was tr ateel <Jrtiflcial re-'riralion was far from being satisfactory.

Great Western. GOLD r.IED.\LLISTS· Ol'TI.';G.-The t\\dfth anllual outing of G.\V.R. Cold Mcuallists \\ as hl'ld at Oxford on Saturday, June 2nd. ThoSL partICIJlali.l1~< were holders of the Compan)'s gold mcdals tor from 15 to 30 years' efficicncy in firt aid work, who loregather once a year [rom all part of the system l()r a days enj oyment togethcr. Practicaily ail grades 0 r the sen icc \\ cre reprl'sented. and the medallists) man) of whom \\ ere accompanied by their wi\'es, numbered about -+50. The proCl'l't1illg ... opened by luncheon at the To\\ n Hall) prcsJdeu U\'l:r by 1\1r. C. T. Cox, Divisional l1perintcnuellt, whell the Mayor, Alderman l\Iiss Ta\\ne} and the Count) Iligh Sheriff attended. Among othcr pre ent as guc ts \\ ere 1\1r. A. S. 1\lills) District Goods Manage r, Dr. \V. ud land, Oxford and 1\Ii s C. A. Ault) Ambulance Centrc Secretary. The Chairman read telegrams of good \\ ishes from Mr. J. F. Lean, Chairman of the A1ll1llIlance Committee, Mr. H. L. Wilkinsoll) upcrintcndcnt of the Line, and Mr. W. G. Chapman, late Centre ccrctary, and congratulated the members all the gratifying growth in their number. The Mayor, in extending a welcomc to the historic City of Oxford) said that rail\Vay ambulance men hac! the thanks of the whole comlllunity for the fille work they were doing throughout the country. She considered herself fortunate that the gathering had been arranged during her Mayoralty. Following votes of thanks to the organisers) 1\1essrs. R. F. Borrou,2;h and E. D. Keefe, the party embarked for a steamer trip to Abingdon, which was l11llch enjoyed, returning by road to Oxford, where, after tea at the Town Hall, many of the party visitcd the colleges and other places of interest before entraining for their home sta tions. The second consecutive victory of the Great Western

June, 1934.

FIRST

A I D.

319

Railway in the Inter-railway Challenge Shield Competition \\ as celelJrated at the Great Western H.oyal Ilotel, Paddlllgtoll Oil 1\Jay 29th) whcn the South ~ambeth team werc cntertained at dinner under the presIdency of ~lr. J. F. Lean) Principal Assistant to the General 1\Ian.ager and 'hairl11<tn of the Central Ambulance CommIttee. Al11oll~ other' prc!>cllt \\ ere Dr. 1. H. Maclean of 't. Mary's Hospital) 11r. A. ~Ja) nard, Chief Good ~lanager, ~1r. C. T. ox) Di \ i'lional upcrintcndent, 1\-lr) A. S. ~lJlIs, Ditrict C;uucls .\lal1ager, i\Ii s C. A. Ault, A1l1!)L~ lance 'entn: . 'ecn.: l<Lr), and '\lr. R. F. Dorrough, DIVIsional Sccrl'lar). The tcam recein'd the congratulations ()i the aseml>kd company. ,\11'. Lean .(tIU that no small l11l'l'd of thallk ' \\il ' duc to Dr. Maclcan, who e C011.trl1ctin.! critlcl"ms In hoth the :cmi-final and final C0111pLtltiol1s had l>een hllpi111 to all (~.\\.R: co1ll1JcLit~)f - . The ll' ;Ll11 captain, ~Tr. (;. '. Stallard, sl1ltaIJI) replIcd. Thc team aitcr\\'<t rc.]., jlll1t an enjoyable e\'cning at the (;aidy Theatre.

dered over a period of fourteen years) the class presented a set of gramophone records to 1J.r. \Villi~ms) . .\lcdical Lecturer) whilst 1\1r. Thurman receIved a plpe In recognJtion of his sen'ices as instructor during the year.

l' IIEI.TE~II.\~I. - Thc Cheltenham amblllance Corps ha recentl) IJt'cn presenteu \\ ilh a IIn r cnp) the gi ft of ])r. I. ,\llm:tn Pm\ 1.:11, to he <1\\ ardeu anIluall), by hallot IIi tlil' l11unbers, to the mall who has d(JIle the lx' t work l()r the cc)rps duriIl~ the year. eIlhl r III practical \\ ork, c()mpl'litioll Sl1CCt' S or gllleral CffiCIl' I1C),. The first n ' cipll.' Ilt \\ a: ,\T r. F. . Lc\\is , the cllergl'lic corps secretan'. '1 he lro]!l1\' hl' ars the Inscriptioll .. For the best 111";1 in thl' sh()\;." and thl prc "entation to .\1r. Lewis \\.1" l11ade 11\' )'Tr. 1.. I. \ . l 'allaw<l\' , who paid a tribute til thl. l,lli 'i:l1t St.llld:t;-d IIi th e corils , and salt! this was thl dirl'cl n ... ult oj the work and time gl\lll hy Dr. . \lllllaIl l'()\\lll III tralIlil1!..: thl' l11cI11hers. ] [e thanked thl' d()\.:lllr fill llwir behalf and in thl.. naI11l' oj the (;.\\'.R. l'!)l1lpan} illr hi . :": C lll' nlUS gi it.

IILJDOERSFIELD.-lIr. Fry presided at the presentation of ambulance award on May 9th. He was supported by :\le 1' ". Towl1eley, Morris, Cooke and l\leadows. In presenting the awards 1\1r. Towneley assured the lllember of the encouragement of the local officers. The awards gained were: S Certificates, 3 YOllchers, 3 '\lcdallion and 18 LaIJels.

YEm' II.. )'lr. \. \ ' . R. Tho\\'n, Assl. Diy. Supt., pre :idlllt.: II\lr thl anI1l1al pn'll'ntatlon ()i a\\aru ' at the Crult \\'l'stnl1 I Tnll'l. Y l ' ll\ iI, cOl1gratulalL'd members qf thl' YlO\ II cla'ls on tlll'ir Inn per cent. examination passes, and saId thl') \\ ere doing a great public en' ice in heing ahle to deal \\ ith the m:1ny accidents occurring on the high\\'a) s. The" ] )igby" Cup and prize" \yon In the reCL'nt eli\ i'-Hlnal cOl11pditic)}ls wcre prl'scntt.:d to thc \\ inning \' l'(J\ II teal11".

London, Midland and Scottish. B.\Tll.-A most enjoyable e\'cning \Va spent by the member ' of t he amhulance clas at thL'ir Annual upper on 1\Iay 12th. 1\[ r. caley presided and congratulateu the class on the atisiactory po ition of the Ambulance 1\Ioyement at Bath. lle hoped that there would be a further increa e in member hip during the ensuing year. The member of the clas pre ' cnted a fountain pen to Dr. coll Reid, a barometer to 1\Ir. 1\Iorri and a fountain pen to 1\1r. Henman, as a token of their appreciation of the services rendered hy the gentlemen concerned a ' lecturer, instructor and secretary respecti\'ely. BRADFORD EXCTfANGE.-The Annual Presentation of awards took place on May 16th, when Dr. L. A. William presented Lon')' Service Gold 1\Iedal Bars (30 examinations) Lo Mes rs. Holland and Boddy and a Twenty-year Gold Bar to Foreman II. Bolton. Nine 1\leclallions and sixty-four Labels were also presented t.o the succe ful candidates at the recent examination. As a mark of appreciation of sterling services re11-

CREWE.-The Crewe inter-departmental and shop competition was held recently when the Copper Shop were succes ful in winnin a the Shield. Amongst those present \\ ere ~lessrs. F. A. Lemon, R. Singleton and L. Bacon. The Shield and prizes were presented by the 1\1ayore s of Crewe (~lis Bott). . 11r. Bacon) \\'ho presided) said the valuable sen'lce rendered by ambulance men was greatly appreciated by the Railway Company. \\ "ords of encouragement were alsu ~pokcn hy ~lessrs. Lemon and ingleton. The Class Secretary and his Committee are to he congratulated on the continued success of this competition.

OUTllE~D-OX- 'E.\.-A new Cup, namely" The Arthur Cannon Perpetual Commcmoration" Cup bas been presented by 1\1r. Jacob, Cartage Agent, SOllthend, to the SOl1thend ambulance class for annual competition amongst team ' on the Tilbury Section) Shoeburyness to Bromley, COlllmercial H.oau and \\'oougrange Park. The competition will be held on a Saturday in October and thcn in ;\larch each year commencing 193-. :\1r. J. \\'. Rolls) HOll. Ambulance Secretary) Traffic lJept., ~ ol1thend will be pleased to answer any enquiries.

SV,FFORD.-Following a sllccessful session's ,\lark the pre entation of cups and other awards took place at a dil1ner held recently. 1\1r. T. L. ~larsters) District Controller, presided anu aid he had been asked by heauquarters to expre s the Company's appreciation of the erfort of the staff to make themsehes proficient in First Aiu. lIe thanked Drs. Reid, ';\lason and Blumer for their untiring ser\'ices and congratulateu 1\1r. Lockley) the CIa " Secretary) all the SHcce s of his efforts. 1\lrs. E. L Ho\\'a rcl pre cnted the Howard Cup and replica to Mr. Pyc \\'hil t 1\1rs. 1\1arsters presented the prizes pro\'ided hy the Local Committee to 1\lc r. Jenkinson Taylor anu \\' right. The Laidler Cup \Va \\ on by C. Churton and the President's prize by R. Row lands.

London and North Eastern. The eighth Annual Competition between ambulance team of the L.N.E.R. rcpresenting Eno'land and cotland for the mbulance Challenge Shield, took place in the Railway GY111na iU111, York, on lay 29th. Four teams competed. The)' were from AIJerdeen, Dukinfield \iVorks Dundee (Tay Bridg"c) and Parkeston and IIarwich. Team and indiyidual tests were et and judged by Capt. A. C. vVhite Knox) 1\LC., of London and Dr. J. vVilson, of Glasgow.

FIR S T

320

In the team test the card was: "You are travellin o' during the night by train to this competition. You hav~ your first aid equipment with you. Twenty minutes before you are due to arrive at York the guard} who knows you are first aid men, rushes along ~o ask you to come to .a case in one of the sleeping compartments.' On arrIval the teams found an elderly man with grey hair and beard, in pyjamas, had fallen out of bed during a fit of apoplexy and had received a fractured collar bone a bruise of the right eye and a sprained left wrist. ' Individual tests were on practical work and also viva-voce. 1-.11r. S. Cooper (Competition SecreJt:ary) announced the results which were as follows: I} Dundee Tay Bridgl" 183 marks; 2, Parkeston and Harwich, 179' 3 Dukinfield vVorks, 178; 4} Aberdeen} 161. Maximtm; ~arks bein o ' 200. ~ The Shield was presented to the winning team by 1-.Ir. Thos. Hornsby, Divisional General Manager N.E. Area York. , I Dr. \t\Thite Knox, commenting on the work done, said the stan~ard was one of the highest he had judged for a long rtIme past and the fact that from the first to the last team the percentage of marks was high practically debarred him from criticising their work. Dr. Wilson said the standard of work was also verY high in the individual tests, and there was very little difference between the teams. One or two of them were somewh~ inclined to hesitate a little too long over unimportant detads and he urged them to give most attention to the things which were of the greatest importance. :A--t the luncheon which followed Mr. T. Hornsby, who preSIded, made reference to the retirement of Mr. James C~lder, the General Manager for Scotland, and paid high trIbute to hIS loyalty to the Company and his active interest in the Ambulance Movement. 1\1r. Calder, replying, said it was a good send-off for him that the Tay Bridge team had won the Shield and was taking it back to Scotland. Any General 1\lanager w.ould ?e proud of such a thing happening on the eve of hIS retIrement. Among the officers of the Company and VISItors present, in addition to those mentioned, who witnessed the tests were: Mr. H. H. Halliday, Principal Ass~. (Staff), King's Cross (representing Sir Ralph Wedgwood) Dr. J. G. McBride (Chairman, Special Ambulance Com~ mittee), Mr. C. M. Jenkin Jones, (Superintendent, York), Mr. F. H. Graveson (Asst. to Div. General Manager, York), Dr. J. D. Gunn (N.E. Area), Dr. McMahon (S. Area),. Mr. C. H. Rafton (Secre~ary, Special Ambulance CommIttee), Messrs. R. S. BeverIdge} W. Goodley, T. O. Mein, T. Smith and T. Wright Centre Ambulance Secretaries); Mr. W. R. Ferguson (Chief Secretary) and M1'. J. H. Henderson (Asst. Secretary) of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association; Mr. D. G. Monteith (Competition Secretary) of the St. John Ambulance Association.

Scottish Railways. . The Competitio~ for the Ambulance Challenge ShIeld among the rallwaymen of Scotland was held in Glasgow on May 4th. The eight teams taking part qualified by obtaining the leading positions in the L.M.S. and L.N.E. Final competitions. The judges were Drs. W. Arthur Mackay, A. B. T. Dickson, and R. A. Lennie. The St. Andrews Ambulance Association organised the competition which was held at the Association headquarters. A really keen competition ended with the following

June, 1934.

A I D.

result: 1, Motherwell, L.1\I.S.} 260 marks; 2, 1\Iossend, L..M.S., 2-+8; 3, Dundee Tay Bridge, L.N.E., 243. 1\1r. J. Ballantyne} Chief Officer for Scotland, L.M.S., presided at the prize distribution and congratulated the teams on their efficiency. The Shield and 1\Iedals were presented to the winners by M1'. David Cooper} a member of the Scottish Local Committee. In proposing a vote of thanks to the Officers of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association for all the help they give on these occasions, Mr. G. S. Begg, Passenger l\Ianager, L.N.E. Railway, Edinburgh, paid a wonderful tribute to the record of the Motherwell team in this competition-the team having won ,the Shield five times dl1rin '~ the last six years. In reply Mr. \Vell\\'ood R. Ferguson, General Secretary, expressed the plea me it gave his Association to welcome at all times to their prl'mi c railwaymen and others interested in First id. Sir Robert Greig, LL.D} propo ed a yote of thank · to the judges and 1\lr. F. VV. Lamh thanked the chairman for his presence at the competition. Amongst those present at the competition "ere tressr . Crozier, 1-.Ioffat and Holmes of the L.M.S., and Me srs. 1\IcIsaac, Inglis, Beveridge and \Vright of th e L.N.E.R.

Artificial Respiration for Two Years.·· By PHYLLIS 1\1. TOOKEY Ph.D. Lond.,

KERRIDGE,

1. 'c.,

I.R.C . . Eng.

Assistant in the Depar/llloll f.!./ flldllslr/al /'1l)'siolo,lD', Lundoll School oj El),glene and Tropical l1fcdldlll' .. I.alllrer ill the Department of Plr),siolo,l{l' alld Riodlt JJlIsh~I ', Clll7.'ersil), Col1('J;£', Loudoll.

(From the Department of ] ndu trial Physiology, London School of Hygiene.)

THE case to be describell is perhaps unique 111 medical history in that artificial respiration has been appl ied successfully and by u nconven tional methods for over two years. The patient is a man o( 63, who in 1926 felt loss of power in his fingers occasionally when he was driving a car or writing, especially when his hands were cold. Some months later he noti cd that his shoulder muscles were thinner, so that he could feel his bones when carrying anything on his shoulder. In 1927 he noticed transient loss of pO\\'er in his legs, but he was able to carryon his usual outdoor occupations, until one day he attempted to jump from a 'bus and fell to the ground, as he was unable to control his legs. He was in bed some weeks and was seen by several doctors, who all diagnosed progressive muscular atrophy. Since that time the loss of function in his muscles has been slowly progressive, punctuated with temporary improvements and remissions of variable length. Complete loss of power occurred in his legs before his fingers. He had painless fibrillation in his muscles. He gradually lost weight. He could always feel pain and heat and

* Reprinted by kind April 14th, 1934, issue.

permisssion from The Lmzcct

June, 1934.

FIRST

cold, and he thinks that these sensations are more acute than formerly. There has been no incontinence of uri ne or fceces. In 193 t he noticed that occasional I y he needed to help his breathing by pressing on his chest. I n August, 193 j, he had a serious attack of difficulty in breathing when riding in a car to which he h3.d been carried. This was reI ieved by his com pan ions perform ing artificial respi ration by pressing rhythmically on the front of his chest. They wer unable to perform it accord i ng to the 'chafer method, which they knew, because they could not shift a heavy paralysed man, Their effort were successful, and the patient recovered his power of breathing after some minute. l~rom this time onwards attacks of respiratory lliiliculty recurr d, and were treated by his family in the sam way. Gradually the attacks lenglhned and the intervals shortened, until in June, 1932 he was havincr artificial respiration continuLl ly day anJ night, performed in the same way by relays of relative and nur es. This continued until September, 1933, when his friend, ir \\'illiam Bragg, .~J., F.R.S., uggested that ' ome mechanical device might be substituted for t his hum a n cffo r 1. Si r \ V ill iam Bragg took two football bladders conn cted by a wide rubber tube, and while one \\ as bandaged tightly to the man's chest, the other was fi\':ec.l hct\\een t\\'o hincred boards and one of these was fixed to the Aoor while the ~ther was moved rhythmicall' by the foot or with a hand lever. This apparatus succeeded beyond all expectation from the patients' and nurses' points of view. The football bladder lasted only three days as the ru bber burst, and it was replaced by a hot water bottle wi th the cork and tu be th rough the top, u ec.l as an ai r-bag. These each lasted th ree weeks, after which they were replaced or patched, The boards were used until the hinges wore loose, A more substantial apparatus on the same principle was made by a firm of organ builders. but this proved too hard for the nurses to work. There was no electric supply available. At Sir \~illiam Bragg's request, Mr. R. W. Paul, M.1. E. E., designed and constructed a small hydraulic machine worked off the main water supply, which alternrttely compressed and relaxed a thick rubber bellows. This apparatus had been in successful use since October, 1933, except when on one occasion the water froze in the pipes. It was not in use for the full 24 house each day at first because the patient could not bear the constriction of the bandage for more than 17 hours, so the original manual method was ' used for the remainder. of the day. The ai r· baowas fixed over 0 the left Side of the fron t of the chest only. The front was used because it had originally been

A I D.

321

successful, and because the patient did not wish to live prone, and the left side only because an old injury made the right side hyper-sensitive to pressure. The patient found by experienee that both sides of the chest and the ahdomen moved even when pres8u re was applied to the chest very locally. The hot-water bottle and binder have now been replaced, at my suggestion, by a bel t of two layers of strong linen, interlined with a bag of thick rubber, with a tube coming from the lower front corner. The bag is of a size to surround the front and back of the left side of the thorax only. Both sides were not used on account of the desire to make changes slowly, especially as it was uncertain to what extent the right lung had been in action for some time. The larger area of this bag enabled a lower pressu re to be used, and the bel t is much looser than the bandage was. He has worn this comfortably and continuously, except when he is washed, for several weeks. With the hot-water bottle he found he required 1'2 lb. per sq. in. pressure, 22 times a minute, and 1'6 lb. per sq. in. if he wanted to talk a lot. With the laro-er bag 0'9-1 lb. per sq. in. was sufficient. I n his present condition the patient is very active mentally. He lies on his right side almost continuously, as he is not comfortable otherwise. He is very wasted. He is almost completely paralysed. He can, with effort, move the fingers of his right hand and the toes of h is right foot. H is speech is said not to be as clear as former! v. He has slight difficulty with swallowing. H-is appetite is good, . but he finds he "an manage liquids or solids alone at a meal better than both together. Pi lIs are no lon ger given. H is ski n is loose on account of the loss of flesh, but is in good condition, and there have ne,'er been any bedsores He says he has fibrillation sometimes in the region of the mouth!. but now nowhere else. No supinator, knee, or ankle reflexes could be obtained. There is no sphincter disturbance. Normal breath sounds were heard on the front of the chest on both sides. Complete examination ,vas impossible on account of the continuous artificial respi ration. W hen the artificial respiration was stopped for one mi n ute there was 110 movement at all in thorax or abdomen. He had no serious illness previously. As a schoolboy he had a fallon his back which caused him to stay in bed some weeks. He complained of pain in the back in adult life. He led an active outdoor life up to the time of the present illness. He lost an eye due to an accident as a young man. The method of artificial respi ration by compression of the thorax was recom mended by Dalrym ple, and was the official method of the Royal Humane Society from 1833 until 1861, when Silvester's method was adopted. It was

322

FIR S T

recom mended that a drowned person should be laid on his back and a wide bandage passed beneath him, its ends being crossed in fron t of the chest. An operator on each side of the body con stricted the thorax by pull i ng on the cross ends, then relaxing their hold and allowing a recoil and inspiration to occur. In Schafer's method, which is the classical emergency method in use to-day, positive pressure to promote expiration is employed, but instead of applying the pressure to the thorax, when properly executed pressure over the floating ribs compresses the abdominal contents against the diaphragm. The method has the advantage for emergency work that the supine position makes the tongue fall forward and keeps the airway clear. It is said that 50-90 lb. pressure is necessary for the Schafer method. This is of the same order as that being used by this patient, with 1'2 lb. per sq. in. and a hot water bottle 12 x 6 in. - i.e., 86 lb. \Vith the larger air-bag, 15 x 10 in. and a pressure of 0'9 lb. per sq. in. the pressure is 135 lb. This is larger probably because part of the bag covers the less movable upper back part of the thorax and functions merely as an air cushion. The positive pressure methods of artificial respiration have been supposed to work partly on account of the distortion of the shape of the thorax and diaphragm and their ability to recoil, and partly due to the nervous reflex by which an inspiration follows an expiration. In the present case the nervous reflex element cannot be helping on account of the nature of the lesion. Various methods have been suggested and used for prolonged artificial respiration, in which the patient is put wholly or partly in a box or chamber in which the pressure can be altered. N egati ve pressure methods are theoreticall y more physiological, since inspiration is the active muscular phase in natural respi ration. The most interesting and instructive point about the present case is that positive pressure can be used without apparent ill-effects for a long period. The comfort of the patient and the simplicity and cheapness of the mechanism in the present case is very striking. The patient is in his own bed, carrying on his normal in tellectual pursuits, and there are no nursing difficulties. With a view to future development, the present method is being further inVf~stigated . A simple apparatus, which is electrically driven, has already been constructed. I am indebted to Dr. W. T. Mills for permission to publish the particulars of his patient, and to the patient and his wife for their permission, interest and help.

June, 1934.

A 10.

Pirst Aid Equipment for Nurses. By "A LADY S

l'ERINTE

T."

"NURSE are required for duty at a mass meeting at Blank Hall. Each is to take her own equipment." How often does one get requests for nurses to be on duty at meetings, ma sed services, cinemas, etc., where there is no provision or need for a room or ten t. Yet one has to be prepared for faints, fits, stings, and possible serious injuries from a fall. \i\That eq ui pmen t do n u r es take, and how do they carry it? To take the last point first. If you b long to the Priory for Wales, you have a white haversack slung over your shoulder and can put necessitie in that, but if you belong to any other division, it seems the alternatives are a brown paper rarcel, a brown attache case, or bulging pockets. N one of these is satisfactory. A parc I is "unhandy" in an emergency, and it certainly poils any attempt at a smart turn Ollt. Attache cases are usually larger than neces ary, and th colour is invariably wrong. 0 one admire bulging pockets- the hang of a coat is poiled and the pocket probably tears. Next, what shall one take? One is frequently asked this by new members. Often they do not ask, and either come without the one thing needed or they appear to be be settl i ng in for a hectic week end. It wou Id appear that the essen tials are smelling salts (chieOy because the public loves them), sal volatile, and, if possible, a medicine glas and a small supply of water, all for use in cases of fainting. Iodine cannot be omitted. Lint, wool and bandages-both triangular and roller may be wanted. A triangular bandage does quite well in an emergency as a receiver in cases of vomiting, and where there is a buffet, one may have nasty cuts from bread machines and broken glasses to deal with. With out-of-door slimmer meetings one will have to treat stings and bites of wasps and insects. That means bicarbonate o[ soda to be taken into consideration. It is not suggested that the above is a com plete or ideal eq ui pm en t. No doubt readers could make other suggestions, which would be welcomed. There are, of course, official nurses' haversacks and tin first aid cases. Neither of these seem satisfactory. The haversack costs 12/6, and so is out of reach of many members, who already have sufficient expense with their uniform and its continual laundering. Again, the colour is brown. One wonders, when the Brigade colours and uniform are so definitely black and white, why the men's belts and pouches and these haversacks are brown? Black and brown is never a

June, 19 34.

FIR S T

323

A 10.

good combination, and it would be simpler and surel y smarter to keep to black (as is done wi th the officers' ~am Browne belts). The tin first aid cases are somewhat bulky, and very easy to put down and forget. Is red the most su itable colou r? o much for fault finding, but no criticism is worth much unless it is constructive. \Vhat is a reasonable al ternative ?

sonnel by authorising the use of some standard case on the lines suggested. This seems far more essen tial and urgen t than the prod uction of a new hat, and a far less expensive, for a fully equipped case at 5s. would still leave quite a useful profit and ful fil a long fel t want.

. Here is a. suggestion that has already been carrIed out pnvately, and there seems no reason why something similar should not be placed on the market. It consists of a small black fibre case 7.x +.x .2} in~hes in size, opening out flat, bu~ WI th slt rr ened Sides. \Vhen sh u t, it is carried by a small handle as on a lady's handbag.

J\mbulance News euttings from the ~ess.

This co~tai.ns a medicine glass, smelling sal ts and an 10C.it ne pen, all obtai nable at \Vool\\ orth's, total cost 1/ 3d! There is also a 1 oz. bottle of al volatile, and a similar sized bottle ot water. al:d one triangular bandage. On the lid, each In Its own s cket, fit a rair of sci ors, half a dozen at' ty pins, a pencil and paper and several ~teraid lire ~ing , t aeth r adding another 1/ 6d. to the Ost. ctually there is room in the case [or a smal.1 quantit ' o[ lint and wool - compre sed pa k ts \\,tli d , or a small amou nt of bi arbonate of oda LIlLI be included. om pressed rolle r bandages take uri ittle room if preferred to the 'ealed sterile dr sings. ~ l.t i · not ugg ted that this equipment IS suDlclent [or more than small duties' for bigger ri ' k - fracture [or instance - m~ans bigger cq u ipment. . But sud~ a ase would be in keeping with the eq.ulprr~ent ; .IS neat and not bulky j and everythIng IS eastly got 0~1t. The quantities, being small, woul~ need [alrly frequent replenishing, and 0 supplies would always be fresh and in aood co n d i t ion. b . ~here is another point. A nurse proceeding In uniform to a lecture or duty and being called to a street acciden t on her \Va y, wou Id be able to carryon immediately with efficient first aid against attacks on the I ife of her patient from shock and hcemorrhage, the two great enemies. At present she has no defence beyond her own coat and-let us hope-a clean handkerchief. It would be interesting to know the various methods adopted by other nurses. Surely they do not walk about cheerfully, hopina nothin a will happen, and it it does, trustina to their own resources. Do they, on the other hand, hes itate to appear in uniform because of the dishonour and ridicule that would be brought on the Brigade if, when need arose, they have to confess they are unprepared. It seems time that Headquarters should safeguard the Brigade and its nurses from such criti cism, and add to the efficiency of its nursing per-

The Editor invites Readers to send newspaper cuttings on matter of general interest for inclusion in this column. FIRST

AID FOR THIEF WHEN CAUGHT.

Ho\\' 1 r. Richard \\'att -Morgan chased a man \\'ho stole a handbag- containing money and a diamond ring and then rendered first aid, was told at vVhitchurch (Cardiff), when Joseph Jenkins, 32, was sentenced to six months' imprisonment. 1\1r. vVatts-l\10rgan said that he parked his car in a country lane while he and his wife went for a ramble. On returning he saw a man running- away from the car. tc The man was bleeding badly from a wound in the arm," he aid. "Following the trail of blood I ga\'e chase and caught him in the woods. Blood "'as still AowinO" freely from his arm and I took the rubber connection f;om my pump and stopped the flo\\' of blood. "-Daily Telegraph.

PETROL RISKS IN HOME.

\Va.r~ing of the gr.a\"e

risks in.,'olved in handling petroleum splnt ",hen cleaning clothes IJ1 pri\'ate houses is made in a committee report to the L.C.C. The report refers to the death of a resident in Hampstead from burn following uch clothes cleaning. "The ~reat danger of pptroleum spirit," states the report, tc lies In the fact .that, at ordinary tcmperat~res, it gives cff freely a heavy' 1I1flammable \'apour which will travel some distance to a flame, I I Cases have been known where petroleum spirit has been ignited by a Oam(' orne forty feet di . tanto From this it will be ;;een t~at the u.se of ~etroleum spirit for cleaning purposes In a pn\'ate reSidence IS accompanied by considerable danger, e recially to the user."- llllda)' Pictorial,

BELLADONNA

MISTAKE

FOR LIQUORICE.

Ele.ven Leicester men employed at a local tyre works owe their escape from death through Belladonna poisoninO" to the prompt administration of antidotes when it wa~ found that what they were chewing in mistake tor liquorice ",'as the dried root of the Deadly Nightshade. Two of the men \\'ho were taken from the Leicester Infirmary, ""here they \\'ere treated, to their homes, escaped death by minutes in the vie.\' of the doctors, One worker dashed to the Infirmary on a bicycle when he realised his danger and collapsed in the entrance. ,\ quantity of Belladonna is stated to have fallen from a lorry outside the tyre works when in tran it to a firm of manufacturing chemists. \Vhen found it \vas assumed to be liq.uori.ce, and ~he men in one of the departments began chew1I1g It. Their parched throats gave the first ",arninO" of danger, and emetics were given to each man. The mor~ serious cases were taken to the infirmary, where all the men were treated later. Sev~ral of the men are suffering from the after-effects of the pOlson.-Tlle Times.

324

FIR S T

June . 19.34.

A 10.

Our Nurses' Pages. COMPILED

AMBULANCE

UNIE'OR:\! FOR \VO:\JE lE~JBERS OF THE S.J. A. B.There has again been a change of hat for women members of the Brigade, the new one being in black felt with a turndown brim, and a lower crown than that of the last hat. The new style brim will be welcomed doubtless by all, as it will form a little protection from a glaring sun or a heavy shower, whereas the turn-up of the old hat did neither. Officers and members will wear the same type of hat in future, the only difference being the respecti\'e hat band, etc. The new hats are to be had in three qualities - o. 1 at 9, 6 each, o. 2 at 14- 3, and No. 3 at 19 13. They can be purchased at the Stores Dept. of (he St. John Am hulance Association, St. John' Gate, London, E.C.1, or from any of the recognised suppliers of Brigade uniform. Fur use in camps only, there is also a new hat. It is of white straw, complete witL hat b;::tnd and bad~e. The price of this is 8 3. No.8 DISTRICT, S.J.A. B. DISTRICT COMPETlTlONS.-The District Finals were held at Caterham on lay 12th, when both Nursing and Cadet Divisions strove to gain the various trophies, and in the senior competition the right to represent the District in the Brigade Final Competitions. The judging of the work of the competitors was kindly carried out by the following :Team Test-First Aid, Corps Surgeon Dr. Llewellyn 10r~an ; Home Nursing, Nursing Officer Miss Swettenham. A. Sister o. 2, First Aid-Dr. C. B. Lewis. A. Sisters Nos. 1 and 3, Bedmaking- ~1iss Mack, S.R.N. Officer, Home 1 ursing- ursing Officer 1\1rs. Meyrick. Uniforms-Lady District Supt. Mrs. Falwasser and Lady District Officer Miss H. lay. Each team in the senior test was given the following instructions ;" You are practising first aid in a house situated on a main road joining orwich 3 miles south to Greenwich 3 miles north of you. I t is about 8 p. m., the end ot May, and a fine. warm night. You hear a screeching of breaks outside. A minute or so later a small boy rushes in and says there has been an accident in the road. He then dashes out again. Act." The stage was so set that the tail end of a car was visible and also its number plate. A man rushed up lo the competitors and said; "Will you attend to this lady? I think she has fainted from excitement. Her little boy rushed in front of my car. I think he has fractured his skull. At any rate, he is very badly injured, and I am rushing him to hospital. Tell the police." He refused to wait and disappeared with the car towards the north. The patient was found to be lying in a heap on the pavement with her left arm outstretched. When the results of the competitions were announced, it was found that the following marks had been awarded ;Senior Competition. -1, Herne Bay, 348k ; 2, Westgate, 342 ; 3, Redhill and Reigate, 331t ; 4, Littlehampton, 327 ; 5, Hastings, 294 '6 ; 6, Guildford, 294. Total possible, 478. Nursing Cadet Competition.-Maidstone with 241 marks out of a possible 280 .

SISTER.

The trophies were kindl} pre ented by 1\1 r . Richard wife d the COIllmissioner of No. 8 District. The" Dr. Cotton" Shield went to Herne Bay, and the" Dr. hill" Cup to WestO"ate, the runners-up; \\'hile the "1\lrs. Fal wasser" Tro~hy was \\'on by the 1\Iaidstone ur ing C"det

KENT COU TY COi\lPETITIO S.-The final round of the competitions open to women m.embers of the B~igad in the county of Kent was held at laid tone on lay :>th. . The judges included Capt. E. Scott of Ashford ; l\~l Sig-gars of Tunbridge Wells; Col. C. H. lame of Redhlll ; l\Iiss Cox of l\laidstone, Lady Di trict Officer 1\1 rs. Falwas er and Lady District Officer Ji H. Jay. I"or the Nursinl:" Cadet competition Lady District Officer Lady Pdcr'5 and Lady Ambulance Officers 1i lay and ;\1 is L. Ufi.:on Smith adjudicated. Teams competed from both ~ ursing and ursing auet Divisions, and the marks awarded were :Nursing Divisions.-1, Herne Bay, 319 ; 2, \\'e tg-ate, 310 ; 3, Ashford, 281 ; 4, Ramsg-ate, 262; 5, :'IIaid tone, 250 ; 6, Gravesend, 227. Nur i[jg-Cadet Divisions. 1, laidstone, 22<); 2, If me Bay, 223 ; 3, Ramsgate, 21 . At the close of the compelitions, ,\Iderman \V. Day, J. P., layor of laidstone, kindly r>re ented the" Dccie ' " Cup to the winning team, Herne Bay.

HERNE BAY NURSING Dl\·ISION. - The competition team of this Division has completed a Serie of cOI11r>etitiol1~ \\ hich terminated with the Brigade flnals. They were successful in the Kent County competition and in the O. District finals where they earned the right to repre ent their District in the nursing competitions. Although not gaining the first place in the latter they were awarded the" :'Ilountgarret" Cup for bedmaking. Thi i the first time that the cup has been \Yon by a Kent team. The team is tra~ned by Nursing Officer i\Ii s A. Reynolds, and congratul::ttlOns have been offered her and to the team on the high standard of efficiency to which they have attained.

WAR OFFICE INSPECTIONS. -The fourth annual inspection of V.A. D. Middlesex 106, compo~ed of member of the Ealing Nursing Division of the S.J.A.B., was held on Tuesday evening, May 15th in the Technical I.l1stitute, 'Warwickroad, Ealing. It was conducted by Major W. D . Arthur, M.B.E., of the R.A.M.C., and he was accompanied by Robinia, Viscountess Mountgarret, O.B.E., the County Con troller. The officers in charge of the Detachment are Miss Baxter, Commandant; Miss E. M. Smart, Assistant Commandant; Mrs. Hamilton, Lady Superintendent, and Mrs. Gear, Quartermaster. The unit, which consists of 48 members, looked smart and capable, and after a display of work, which included branches of first aid, home nursing and gas mask dri ll , the members formed up and were addressed by Major Arthur and Robinia, Viscountess Mountgarret. Mafor Arthur said he had been very impressed by the size, keenness and intelligence of the unit, and he sincerely congratulated the officers and mem bers.

June, 1934.

FIR S T

Lady 10untgarret, ha\'ing commented on the pleasing incr ase in membership sinre the last inspection, enjoined more members to exchange from the immobile to the mobile section. She enumerated the advantages both to the member her elf and to the country at large of the ho pital training and greater experience and facilities connected with mobile Illelll bersh i p. V.:\. D. KENT 12.-The laidslone Division of the B. R. C . . was inspected by laior Cullinan on behalf of the \Var Onice, at . 'wcltIelands, Lenham (kinJly lenL by Capt. litchell), on Friday, l\lay 11 tho The detachment was drawn up under the Commandant, 1 rs. Gl'fald tercer, other officers present being- Ir. :\[itchell, :\ssistant Commandant, and 1\lrs. \V. Da), Medical OfTicer. Major Cullinan lirs! matIe an inspectilll1 of the memhers th m<;el\"C~s, and he \\'as accomprll1icd by Col. C. Pye Oli\'er (Cl)Unty Controller), :\lr. F. T. Tra\'ers (Assistant County ontrolk'r), Dr. J. \'ollantI (County Director of the

By (Ollrtcsy Hcrll ~ Ba), Press.]

A I D.

325

All this, she declared, showed that they were doing go()d work and was some recompense for their labours. She hoped that her shield would go to Maidstone next year. Col. Pye Oliver said he offered his warmest congratulations to the detachment on the excellent work the members were doing. They had reached a very high standard of efficiency, and had given the g-reatest satisfaction. 1r. F. T. Travers proposed a hearty vote of thanks to LatIy Camden for her "tremendous help" to the detachmen l. CA:'IIPS FOR NURSING

DIVISlONS

OF THE S.J.A. B.

The following particulars of the two camps to he held this year have now been circulated : As already announced, two camps will be held for the Nursing Divisions of the Brigade this year, one at Rossall chool, near Blackpool, from August 4th to 11th, and the other at Herne Bay College from August 17th to 27th.

[Photo by Thain, 7£Cllli Ba)'.

Herne Bay lursing Division Team. Standin~ ; ,\mb. Si ter ' Carter, Bond and Taylor. itting : Amb. Sisters Inderrnaur and Bentley. Trophies, from left: "l\lountgarret" Cup, the" Cotton" Shield, the" Decies" Cup. British Red Cross oeiety), and the l\larchion ss Camden (President of the Detachn1C'nt). The Inspecting Ofllcer then visited the house where rooms had been arranged a miniature hospital wards, where medical, surg-ical and infectious' 'case" were being nursed. There was an oreraling theatre, and quartermaster's and registration departments. An outhouse had been converted into a ward where treatment was beinggiven the mustard gas "cases." This ward had a special gas-proof entrance. Following the inspection of the work of the members, Major Cullinan said that he was very pleased with the resu lt of his inspection. Lady Camden expressed her pleasure at being with the detachment again . She reminded them of the high tribute that had been paid to them when they ran the Camp Hospital at the Kent Scout Jamboree at Maidstone two years ago, and said that they had been asked to run the Territorial Camp Hospital at Camberley.

There are large playing fields attached to both these buildings, and the grounds of Rossall School come down to the beach, so that those who wish to bathe can change in the school and go down to the sea in a bathing wrap. The cost per head, inclusive of board and lodging, for the week at Rossall School will be 37/ 6 for officers and 35{for members. There are a few single rooms, for which the charge will be £2. At Herne Bay College the cost per head, inclusive of board and lodg-ing, for the ten day camp will be 53/6 for officers and 50/- for members. There is a limited number of cubicles for which the charge \YiII be 57/-. In the event of there being ins u fficient applicants to fill the camp for the full ten days, applications. for the week only will be considered. J n such a case the cost will be the same as for Ros al I School. Those willing to assist with the cooking at Herne Bay are asked to send in their names stat ing what qualifications, if any, they have in cookery.

326

FIR S T

Those attending the camps mu t provide their own towels and soap. At both camps there will be lecture and a certain amount of practical work each day, but, on the other hand, members will be given plenty of free time in which to f(lllow their own pleasures. It is quite realised that many member wi h to combine " 'o rk with plea ure, making this their holiday, and those organising the camps are most anxiou that the holiday spirit should not be lost, but that every facility should be available for playas well as work. Regulation indoor and outdoor uniform is essential. For lectures and practical work the plain grey overall with black tie and belt is recommended as it is most comfortable. l\Iembers desiring such an o\'erall can obtain a paper pattern through the Lady Supt.-in-Chief's office, or the o\'erall can be obtained read\' made from the usual firms. Mufti may be worn if desired during free time; optional, a straw hat for camp has been passed. At Herne Bay special facilities are available for getting laundry speedily and reasonably done. All applications to attend camp must be made on the official form (which €an be obtained from the Lady Supt.in-Chief's office at St. John's Gate) through the Officer-incharge of the applicant's, Di\'ision, and forwarded by that Officer to the Lady Supt.-in-Chief at St. John's Gate, London, E.C.1. Each application must be accompanied by a 5/- deposit, which \\·ill be forfeited if the officer or member does not attend after being accepted. The balance of the total um due must be ent direct to the Lady Supt.-in-Chief at St. } ohn's Gate to reach her not less than 1+ days before the applicant's arri\'al in camp. The work in the camps will be very much facilitated if those wishing to attend will make as early application as possible. Applications should reach the Lady Supt.-in-Chief's office by June 30th at the latest, but applications received after that date will not be refused unless the camps are already filled. Items (Di' isional news and competitiom, social, interesting duties, lectures, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance S!ster, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, CannoD St., LondoD, E,C4.

June, 1934.

A 10.

A FIRST aid demonstation by the members of the Port of Bristol fi rst aid classes was gi ven at the offices, Queen-square, on May 9th. The chairman of the Authority, Alderman Edward M. Dyer, O.B.E., J.P., presided, and was supported by Mr. C. Hartly Hodder. Mr. R. H. Jones, O.B.E., general manager of the Docks j Mr. Frank Brown, assistant general manager and chairman of the First Aid Committee, and Mr. W. P. Wordsworth, chief engineer, were amongst those present. Team No. 4 demonstrated with equipment, and team No. 3 with improvised materials; explanatory details being given by Doctors A. P. Gorham and Norman Burgess. The displays were followed by an exhibition of the Port Authority's film. , The chairman said he was very proud of the number of men taking part in the first aid work which was of immense value, not only to the Authority but also to the men themselves. The Docks Committee were much indebted to the

521

honorary lecturers, Dr. A. P. Gorham and Dr. Norman Burgess for the splendid services they had rendered to the movement j but for their help the Authority would not have the efficien t men which they have to-day He was very glad that the keenness in the work was being sustained, and also that the tenants of the Committee, particularly l\lessrs. John Robinson & Co., Ltd., and the National mel ti ng Co., Ltd., were taki n g such an active interest in the l'.Iovement. Mr. E. S. Harris, of Messrs. John Robinson cr Co., Ltd., proposed a vote of thanks to the chairman and expre sed appreciation of the facilities provided by the Authority for the training of the members of his firm in first aid work. Of the 77 candidates who took the examination in l\larch, 76 were successful, 48 being members of the Authority's staff.

eorning &"ents. The Editor will be pleased to recei\e particulars of forthcoming events for inclusion (free of charge) under this heading.

----

JUNE.

23.-.\nnual Open Ambulance Competition at the lnlirmary ar:d Hospitals Committee ~\nnual F ct~ <111(.1 Carni\ aI, Brig-house. 2i-.-Central Area ( o. 1 District) .]. A. 8., ,\nnLlal Church Parade, St. Clement Danes, trand, 1 L a. m. 25.-Annual Commemoration Service of the Ord r of l. John at the Grand Priory Church. 28.-1 nvestiture of appointments and promotions in the Order of Sl. John to members of Priory for \\ ale Cardiff. 30.- Annual Competition for" Argenta" Cup, Southport.

ASK THE AUTHORITIES

7.-Central Area, No.1 Distrirt, S.} .,.1.. B., Annual Cricket Match v St. John's Gate Staff, at Acton. 8.-Northants County, S.]. A. B., Annual Inspection, Ea tfield Park, \Vellingborough. 8.-Northern Area (No.1 Di triet) S.}. :\. B., Annual Church Parade, Trinity Presbyterian Church, Hat1lp tead, 11 a.m . H. -Annual Open Competition for the" Dempster" Shield at the Elland Demonstration and Carnival, at EIland. 21. - Manchester and Salford Corps (No.4 (Lancs.) District) S.J.A.B., Annual Inspection. 28.-Bolton Corps (No. 4 (Lanes.) District) S.).A.B., Annual Inspection. 28. -Annual Stretcher Competition of the Bristol Centre, S.} .A.A., in the Zoological Gardens, Clifton. 28 . -Annual Open Competitions for the" Tunstill" Memorial Shield and the (, Mrs. Veever:, " Rose Bowl, Brierfleld. AUGUST.

4 to 11.-Northern Camp for Nurses of the S.J.A. B., at Rossall School, near Blackpool. 5 to 12.-Gloucestershire Mens' B. R. C. S. Detachments Annual Training Camp at Sidney Hall, Weymouth. 17 to 27.-Southern Camp for Nurses of the S.lA.B., at Herne Bay. 22-23.-Fun Fair and Carnival in aid of S.J.A, funds, at Grove Park, Weston-super-Mare.

who have invested

. and they) tt say

JULY

Port of Bristol Authority.

A I D.

FIRST

June, 1934.

That, faced with the choice of an ambulance, they turned first to Austin because they associated this name with dependability ·- a quality essential to ambulance work.. That they chose an Austin because they were looking for dependability and something more: long practice in ambulance design, guided by medical specifications. That they knew an Austin would be the most economical investment because of the long years of service built into every model. That they made special notes of the smooth

running, supple suspension, safe control, easy driving, easy loading, easy cleaning; and such features as aluminium panelling, seasoned framework in English oak and ash, and Triplex glass in all windows-all of which indicated high-class craftsmanship. That they kne\.v that any special equipment they needed could be added at any time. That their Austin ambulances are doi~g their duty as efficiently in the third or fourth year of investment as in the first month . . . Why not follow their lead, and invest?

THE AUSTIN SIXTEEN H.P. STANDARD SIX=CYLINDER AMBULANCE (as illllstrated) £462 lOs. (Chassis £226. ) 12 h.p. stalldardfour-cylil;der Ambulallce, (426 lOs. (Chassis £190.) 20 h.p. slalldard A mbltlance, £710. (Chassis £385. ) Private Saloon 20 It.p. six-cylilLder Ambulallce all special low-loading chassis, £785. (Chassis !l85.) Wheelbase 9 ft. 4 in. 10-galloll petrol tallk. Semi-elliptic Zillc-illterleaved Sile1l1bloc non-lubricated shackles. Hydraulic shock absorbers fro1l! and rear. Triplex glass throughout.

General Spec ification o f 16 h.p. Ambu lance:

springing}

A S

DEPENDABLE

A S

A N

A U S TIN

AUSTIN THE AUSTIN MOTOR COMPANY LIMITED, LONGBRIDGE, BIRMINGHAM.

Some Municipal Author ities who use Aust in Ambu lances

BIRM INGHAM, BLACKBURN . CARDIFF. CARLISLE, EDINBURGH, GLOUCES TER, HUDDERSFIELD, MIDDLES BROUGH, NOR V'v ICH, PORTSMOUTH, WARRINGTON, WATFORD . WEST HARTLEPOOL.

R ead tlte A US TIN MAGAZINE, jd. every 1ItIn/lt. SHOWROOMS : 479-463, OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.t

FIRS1

328

~uet'ies

and J\nswet's eot't'espondents.

~ueries will be dealt wi th under the following rules;-

. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and add.-essed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C.4. 2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue ot the J curnal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue. 3. -The Tex tbook , to which refelence m~y be made ill this column is the 38th (1928) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.

COc.IPOC:-';IJ,

CO:\IPLlCxrED

FRACTURES OF

LEG.

\V.L. ( 'orth London). - In a recent examination I was asked the following questions and I shall be grateful if you will giYe me the correct answer. "How \yould you treat single-banded a patient suffering from Compound Fracture of Right Femur complicated by bleeding from the femoral artery and also fr0111 Compound Fracture of Rig-ht Tibia complicated by bleeding from the anterior tibial artery? " "Without more complete details as to the patient, the injured parts, and the place of the emergency \\ hich were either ayailable or could ha\'e been supplied on request by your examiner, it is totally impossible for me to " gi\"e the correct ans\yer. " In any case I should not like to treat such a patient ingk-handed ; and I think that you would ha\'e to apply prom ptl)' and maintain digital pressure on the femoral artery while you prayed fer\'ently that a doctor or a trained ambulance squad \\-ould quickly arrive at the place of the emergency in a fully equippeu motor ambulancc. -

CORBET FLETCHER.

EXA:\lll\'ATION HO\\·LER.

\V. Q . (Barro\\·-in-Furness).-In a recent examination the doctor asked a candidate to ~tate what steps he woulu take in the treatment of a child in convulsions. He was much amused when the candidate replied :- " Elz,

doctor, I knows non!'t about tlzat, because l'se got no kz'ds!" Good!

Next, please! !-X.C.F.

AlD.

June, 19.34.

1\ I sa\\' that hi::; tongue had fallel! backwards into hi" throat and WelS choking him. In anot h cr few seconds he would !Ja\l.~ heen dead, for h is teeth were c lenched and cou ld not be palted. ". \ policeman had been tr)ing llnSlHce sfu ll y to opcn the man's mouth. I pressed the nCl'\e~ of hi .., neck \\ hich OpulCel his mouth in a ::;econd, and ",ith the l1tller hand dre\\' for\\'ard his tongue, so that he cou ld breathe ag·ain. The grip by \\ hich I did this \\'(lS learned during the \nlr, ,lI1el i" no\\ t,\ught in the German Illl:dical schools." The patient \\ as taken to Charing Cross Hospital and allowed tl) ~o home after trl'atmcnt.

~l'( tion

of a recent Competition a p,ltient was urpl1scd to he ..,ulrcringfrol11 a ~ill1plc Fracture of ForulIll1 ",hidl had been ::;et and splinted a \\'clk prc\ il)us1) h) a Ul)ctOr. I n the circum::;tances would it he L:11lbistent \\"ith thl' Textbook teaching- to raise both upper lim bs ablwc till' head should the patient be seized with all attack of plofusc nose bleeuing? \\,ur ruling will he I11uch appreciated.

'{('s, pro\'ided that the bcanr hil1lsL:lf supported the injured upper limh. ;-\.c. F.

raised and

Good

cutting concernin~ which I should much like to have your opinion . I ha\'e already asked two of our surgeonlecturers who know nothing- about the method of treatment quoted in the report, ,,·hich reads as follows : A rnan was saved from choking to death by a young German doctor, "who used a method first discovered during- the ""ar, for the treatment of a man who fell at the corner of Green Stree:t and Charing Cross Road and appeared to be in a Ill. Dr. \V. Rosenberg of Berlin, told a Press rcpreseIltati\e : " I saw him lying on the ground . I examined him and found there was no heart beat and no renex aclion when the eye was touched. People around thought that he was in an epileptic Ilt and had put a key between his teeth-which was quite right-but they were trying artificial respiration.

r----------------------, TIDWORTH TATTOO

BAND

GUIDE

~i\"ing hilllS ')11 the Ill1gle, Drums and Flule, also Paradc Form· atioll', use 01 Parade Canc, Slaff, elc, POSl Free.

DRUM

HEADS

Bruken. I'O~l ne,h hoop. Rea,ly lapped head r elurned sal'" day as reLci\'ed. Lappi 19 no charge. PO,I free 5r and 7 ,lfili/a,." ,1Itisicai hu/rumcnt Jl/a/,;cn,

HENRY

POTTER

CO. .

36/8, Wt!Sl Slreet, Charinl; Cross Road,

LONDON,

W.C.'2.

---

SEARCHLIGHTS FIREWORKS BATTLE OF ABOUKIR BAY 1801 CAVALRY MUSICAL RIDE MASSED BANDS INFANTRY DISPLAY CAVALRY ACTIVITY RIDE THE LOCH NESS MONSTER TORCHLIGHT DISPLAY CLUB SWINGINC "THAT FAR AWAY ECHO" CRAND FINALE 2,500 performers

LL.\:\,D I1E\10;-\STR_\TI00: .\1\'0 CAR TIV.\ L. .\mbulance competition for the "Dempster" .\mbul ance Shield will take place on alurday, Juh 1-I-th, 1934-. First thrle rrize~ to the \alue of ,£10; if more than 2U entrie four prize. Three ~peL'ial prizl's will be awarded to tl;~ illdividual cl)mpetitors gaining the hi~hest numher of marks LlutsiJe the prize winning teams. Entries clo""C' July 11th, 1934. Open to all tC<1I11<", .\ " ociation or Brigade. Entry forI1ls on applilillion tl) II. IIo r::;fa ll , 30 Geo[<ye-streetEtland, York. heap fares L. ;\l . . R\,.' N. I3~Ellanci BrigadL \\ ill not CL)I11P tl'. .

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIC

Rail and Coach Excursions from all parts 19,000 SEATS

ALL RESERVABLE.

Seats 2 /6 3, 6 5/- 7, 6 10 '-

Stand ing Ii -

Organ isers of parties may have tickets at reduced rate of 21 for price of 20, by post on prepayment, from Tattoo Box Office, Tidworth, Hants. For further information please write Tidworth Tattoo Publicity Office Headquarters , Southern Command, Salisbury.

~-----------------------

a rter~ 1 1 1 1I 1I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I1 1 I 1 1 1 1

IINVALID

Whatever the Chassis use Carters' Ambulance Fittings.

FURNITURE

Sectional Catalogue 7A, which is free for the asking, describes this Patent Stretcher Elevatmg Gear, which is a tr iumph in compactness and scienufic deslgn,and the whole range of Ambulance Furniture and FIttmgs. 1;) .\pp oimmen I.

WRITE FOR IT.

The most up -to- date and scientific in the world.

ext, please! !-0;'. C. F.

THE NEW "PORTLAND" GEAR

TREAn,IENT OF CIIOKING.

\V.g. (Barrow-in-Furness).-Enclosed please find a news-

329

ON SALISBURY PLAIN August 4th and 7th to 11th, 1934. (Bank Holiday Week) Each night at 9.30.

BUGLE<: Tu\or and Calls, 6d.

EFFECI S OF BLOOD TH.\:\SFl ·Sll)'.

P.C. (CardiIT). - Herewith I enclose anothu- cLitting from <l newspaper; and I hall be grateful if you \\ ill le ll 111e whelher or no blt.lOd transfusion ma} ha\'(~ tile efCect stated therein: .-\.n Englishman had thl~ Illisfort une to fall ill ill .\berdeen. His condition l1('cessitated frequent blood transfusion~. On the lir"t occa ion he grateful I) paid the donor the sum of 11\ c pound.,. Ft~r the ('cond tr<l.nsftlsion he paid three pound<-. .\fLer this displa) of generosit) the hospital authorities were surprised when he offend only sixpence to the donor.

AID.

VISIT THE FAMOUS Southern Command Fifteenth Annual

\Vi lh regret 1 can offer no anatomical c\.planatil1n of this treatment, e\ en thout: h 1 hil \'e rderred ) our report tl) members of the medical tarC of three London Hospitals. Perhap, ho\ye\'er, the Germ~111 doctl1r spotted that the fit and clenching of the ja\\s wcrc h.' sterical and simpl.' applieu pclinful pres::;ure to the paliult's throat anti Sl1 l,lu;,ed him to relax hi::; l11uscles. - N. C. F.

Ri'. (IImant).-In the lndi\'idual

FIRST

June, 19.34.

\V ALlGM, \\,1 fll

BRoh.El\' SPINE.

P. C. (Cardiff) .- The local press reports the following amazing case: An elderly man, while cleaning- windows, fell 011 to a stone porch thirty feet below and from th ere to the ground, where he lay for some minutes in a dazed condition. After a time he got up and walked into the house, where hc was g ivcn a drink of whisky. IIe then walked home and contin ued his occupatio n, whi c h in volved a good deal of walkin g. After a week h e sti ll had pain in his back, and' so reported at the hos pita l, where the su rgeon diagnosed Fracture of the Spine and ordered his immediate admission as in-patie nt with a view to operatio n. Your comments will be a rpreciated. Fractures of the Spine are serious because of the s pinal cord which may be damaged at the t im e of the accident, or may be pressed on by a displaced fragment. Consequently, as in the case quoted, which is not an isola ted ins tance,

(Pat. No. 38°963).

Th.is new patent Ambulance Gear offers many umq ue advantages whether the Am bulance is carrying two stretcher cases or only a sinO'Ie case. A self-contained unit, it can be placed i~ almost any vehicle, and it makes the loadin 0' of either top or bottom the simplest possible ma~ter. The " PORTLAND" Gear should be specified for an y new Ambulance and it 125, 127, 129, Great Portland Street, provides an ideal method of modLondon, W.I. ernising vehicles Telephone-Langham 1040. already in use. Tclegrams-"Balhchair, Wesdo, London. "

This illustration shows the clear gangway for loading the lower stretcher when only one case is being carried.

II~ III111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111//111/1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111//111/1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111//111111/111111111

FIRST

330

walking is possible because there is neither damage to nor pressure on the spinal cord.- T.C.F.

H EAD INJURIE

\\' ITH I!\SE SIBlLITY.

P.S. (Cleethorpes).-BeinR a member of our competition team 1 was rather interested in the Team Test used in the "Welsh S.J.A.B. Final Competition as given on p. 285 of the May issue of FIRST AlD. I have asked my colleagues two questions-(l) How can Case A be roused? and (2) Why is he the more serious case of the two? As we cannot get the hang of the test, \\'e shall be pleased to have your comments. The detailed marking sheet on p. 286 is not very helpful to us who were not present at the competition. So I regret that I ('annot assist you. \Vith reference to your first question the usual methods of rousing a patient are to speak to him and to touch or gently shake him. If he responds to speech or touch, then your object is attained. With reference to your second question, the detailed sheet states that Case A can be roused. On this evidence alone, however, I should not like to say that he was the less seriously injured.-N. C. F.

DISLOCATIONS OF JOIN TS. M. T. (;\Ianchester). - The Textbook is somewhat brief in its description of Dislocations of Joints. So I shall he pleased if you will tell me what are the causes and what actually happens. The causes of Dislocation are the same as those of Fractures. Thus a fall on the hand may result in dislocation of the thumb joint (direct violence) and of the elbow or shoulder joint (indirect violence), while yawning may result in dislocation of the jaw joint (muscular violence). In addition to the persistent displacement of one or more bones at a joint, there is usually bruising of the tissues round them and tearing of the ligaments which bind the bones together.-N. C. F.

TREATMENT OF THRUSH. N. P. (Hemel Hempstead).-Recently a friend asked me what was the treatment of Thrush, from which her infant child was said to be suffering. As I did not know, I looked in the Nursing Textbook and found that this was 8ilent on the subject. So please tell me what this disease is and also what is the correct treatment. Thrush is a variety of inflammation which affects the mouths and throats of weakly children especially in early infancy and causes a patchy white appearance on lips, tongue, palate or throat. It is caused by the growth of a fung-us on the surface of the mucous membrane. The correct treatment is the concern of the doctor who is in charge of the case and not of the nurse; and for this reason the Textbook is silent.-N.C.F.

TREATMENT 01" SIMPLE FRACTURE OF PATELLAr P.S. (Cleethorpes).-When we have to treat a Simple Fracture of Patella, is it correct to remove clothing and then to secure with splint and bandages without protecting limb with packing of cotton wool? One of our men attended a case and treated it in this way; and the hospital authorities ticked him off about it. Personally I think that cotton wool should have been used.

June, 1954.

AID.

On your statement of facts your colleague asked for " a ticking off" and thoroughly deserved it, because he did not treat his case according to the Textbook. Removal of clothing is only to be underta ken by first aiders in exceptional circumstances; and it is totally unjustifiable to expose a Simple Fracture of Patella or any other simple fracture. Possibly your colleague did not realise that, by saturating with water the patient's trouser over the fracture, and by keeping it wet, he would be carrying out the instructions of Rule 6, p. 76 Frankly, Rule 6 seems to me a triOe absurd; and in my opinion it should be reserved for cases in "w hich for some other reason the part has to be (or can be) exposed so that the application of cold water dressings can be made directly to the knee joint. - N.C.F.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRICADE UNIFORMS ARE OUR SPECIALITY.

L. VV. (Aberdeen).-The Chief Commissioner has iss ued a circular relating to this. He explained the position of members of Adult Divisions seconded for dut y in the Cadet Division. vVhilst so seconded Cadet Officers wcre eligible to be considered for promotion as if they ha d not been seconded for duty with the Cadets. If they were eligible and p,,-ssed the qualif) ing examination, they would receive promotion in the I\dult Di"i sion, although remaining with the Cadets. The fact that the)' were with th~ Cadets ",auld mean that the Adult Di\'i ion would still be under establishment, and therefore notwithstanding the promotion of a member who was holding Cadet rank, the Adult Division co uld permit another Officer, N.C.O., or member to qualify for the \'acanc)'. Th adel Officer's promotion in the Adult Di visio n will be co ns idered supernumerary to cstablishment to the Adult Division. By this rulin?" a Cadet Officer does not 10 e his seniority in the Adult Divisision whilst sen'ing with the Cadets, and on the other hand promotions in the Adult Division will not be stopped.-EDITOR.

The XVth International Red Cross Conference i to be held at Tokyo, from October 17th to October J ist, 193+. The Holmewood Ambulance annual competition will be held on October 27th next. Further particulars will be announced at a later date. 3

•

Send P. C. jor Price List and Sdj·measurement ~orms .

THOR

CENTRE, S;J.A.A. - Competitions for BRIERFIELD "Tunstill" Memorial Shield (for men ), 5s. per team, and "Mrs. Veevers" Rose Bowl (for ladies), is. per competitor, will take place on Saturday, July 28th, 1934.Entries to G. Wear, 32, Humphrey-street, Brierfield.

OR SALE :-Roller Bandges B.P.C. Quality (vV.O.W.), 1 in. x 6 yards, 7/6 gross. Good Quality (W. O. W.), 1 in. x 6 yards, 6/- gross. Other sizes in proportion. Also good quality Triangular Bandages at 4/- per dozen, samples Sd. each. Boric Lint (B.P.C.) 1 oz. packets, 2/- per dozen; Hospital, 1/9 per dozen. Cotton Wool (B. P. C) 10z. packets, 1/ 10 per dozen; Hospital, 1/8 per dozen. All post free. Cash with order. -Asepto Bandage Co., 46, Cannonstreet, London, E. C. 4.

Tailors and Uniform Makers,

CO.,

st., BRIGHOUSE, YOR.KS.

TELEPIIO '8.: BRlCIIOlhE 290.

AIDa I

,.,cui

EFFIOIIENOY

M.R.C.S.

"As a work of reference, lhe book will be extremely u')eful and should be in lhe lihran' of all ambulance \\·orkers. " F'l R T :\1[). -

COMMON

ST.

JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, St. John's Gate, LO"lDON, E.C.r.

J~Q IT

II)ME;\ ]'.

PLEASE SEND FOR PRICE LISTS.

Uniform Clothing & Equipment Co., LTD, 10

ERRORS

WHY

Telephones: Clerken well 6682, 5226.

AMBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE, By P. C. BOTrOMLEY, M.D. A booklet to aid those interested in Ambulance and Stretcher Work.

Pl"lce 2d. each, post tree.

FIRST-AID.

COMPETITK7N

TESTS

,,.d

AND

WHEREFORE:

FIRaT-AID.

Fifth EditIon. Price III. ~d. post free. 1/ Dlfllcaltlu I. IItady aDd Treatmont .ol,ed by Qaestlon aad Aa.wer. WI co",,,,.,," t his h""k I" LtCtw,.,,., tIl"d Slfldt"ts wht> will it "I platt Ut-fJu ••"-FrRsT AlD.

If""

HI NTa

FOR

HOSPITAL

ORDERLllEa.

Post fr~e, Sd. Orderly DDt/OS 1I1mplllied aa~ Tabulated, wltb Alds to !lomory, A ... osl eo",ptllct O,.cclttl,.• • . co"ttll;1IS fflWClt tI!tftl i"(Drmati.,,,."-PRESCRIBB

FIRST AID.

IIInstrated by So diagrams In Colonrs with Explanatorl' Letterpress. By Sir JAMES CANTLIE, K.B.E. , LL.D., M.A., M.B. C.M., F.R.C.S., D.P.H.R.C.P. 7;d. net; post free.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES. Mounted on Canvas, Roller top and bottom. 25.s . net each . Post, IS. Human Skeleton, front view. 2. M uscl es, front view. 3. Hnman Skeleton back. view 4' Muscles, back view. s. The Heart and principal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (B). 8. Viscera of tbe Cbest and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (D). yo. The Nervous System. IT. Schematic diagram of ClrculatioD r2. The Human Ear. I3 The Human Eye. q. Median Section throngh Skin IS. Median Section througb Head. 1.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS. Male, 808. net.

Female, 808. net. ~tb Foetus, 858. net.

Carriage 25.

A book that Is selling by the hundped.

ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES.

Their Si . s, S m toms and "First Aid" Treatment. An Ideal Memorizer Quick Reference. By A. . 00 IN. Witb -Preface by \VILLIAM L OCK L.R.C.P. & S.Ed., &c., and JOHN NICOLSON, 1\I.A., 1\LB., Cb.B.Glas. III. :Jd. net post free.

By J.

CA~VELL.

M.R.C ••. aD~.

FIR.T AID IN FEW WORDII. (20oth thousand) Revised. With Colonred Diagrams.

NURIlINII

Y2pp.

ClotlJ, 6d.

Strong paper. ~d.

BANDAIlING

pp.

Strong paper, 2d.

Post 1d.

DIAIIR""B.

12 PP.-72 bandaging diagrams, with notes.

Strong paper. :Jd.

HEALTH IN FEW WORDB. 8y ~Ir R, 20th Thousand.

Post Id.

FEW WORDII. (56th thonsand). Revisecl

With useful reference tables.

P.R.C.S.

Telegrams : "Uniqu ip, London."

(Stretcber, Individual and Question-Six Folders). Price 6d. each net post Ea~h Folder contains special article on Competitions :-No. ~, Tralnidg of Com. petition Teams; No.2, Conduct of Team in Competition Room; NO.3, Common Errors In Competition; NO.4 , Furtber Errors In Treatment; No. 5, Historyot Competition Tests: No.6, Preparation of Tests.

HOME

& 11, CLERKENWELL GREEN, LONDON, E.C.!.

FIRaT-AID.

Second Editon. Post free, .1. 2d. Hrrors In flrst·Ald Detailed aDd Bxplalned. • 7 his bt>ok gt'D" til cl.4r,,. iHng-ItI i,.lo flu tn,lhods 4"d ditficwitiu DJ ,,,.,rg-ue)' trtat"..,,1 b" ItIl)'''''H tlta" tlu Dtficial T.xlbo('F; ittll/."-LANCET,

Price, 3 /6; P0st free, 4/~. THE

Third EditIon. Poat free, II. ad. P'r~~le.m. la !tady, 'li'realmcat aDd Humln.tlo. lo)nd Ie.!' IODlor Stadeal8 U' itlto"t dDwbt tIJ. bDDk will 0' DJ tr.al SlHlic, itt flu tra """K 011"011 /tJ,. wit"". if is d,lIiK".d."-BRITISH MEDICAL JOORN.u..

N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.A., M.B

HOME-NURaINQ.

Third Edition . Price II. :Jd. , post free. Hlme.Narslag SImplified aDd 'lab alated, wit. Ald. t • • emery. Tlois /;tJo), wo"dtrfwlly si",pii/fll a ctJmpllx swbi.et tIl"d sltowld 6. 6tt a/I Itwdt"ts .'·-L. & N.W. Rv. GAZBTTE.

AMBULANCE

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION, ITS HISTORY, AND ITS PART IN THE AMBULANCE MOVEMENT,

F2R8T.AID.

Seventh Edition. Post free, II. :Jd. . ,f lut·Ald Simplllled alld 'labolated, wUb Alai to .emory. ~~/. Sf,. latffu (a111lte c~"fri/;"tu a" ;"trodwct;o" tIl"d w ....dt>rSl his KtJOl1 1>#";0" 0/ tr,.4 booN. "-LANCET.

All Uniform. cnt to Customer's own measurements NURSES OOATS, A SPECIALITY.

A New York surgeon was performing an operation on a patient when a fire broke out in a warehouse opposite, the blaze illuminating the whole operating theatre. Having finished, the surgeon turned to the nurse and said, "Say, Nurse, I notice the patient is coming to. I guess you had better draw the blinds, I don't want him to think the operation hasn't been a success. "

AIDS

Regulation-Right! Quality-Right! Price-Right

24, Commarcial STATUS OF CADET OFI"ICERS.

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &c., By N. COnBET FLETCHER. M.B., B.C., M.A.(Cantab). M.R.C.S.

Post Id.

H. FIRTH,

Paper folder 3 In. and 4 ir•.

D.P."

Post free Jd. net.

"OW A~D M. PRESTOl't. D,,,.oNsf,.aIDr to lit, Polyt"It_ic Price 1.5. net; postage, .d . Its ApplicatIOn Accurately Descnbed by Words and no Diagrams. T~E R~L.LER BAN DAII~. Price 1$. net; postage, 2d. lis ApplicatIOn Accurately DeSCribed by Words and ~02 Diagrams.

THE TR~A~eULAR BAND~IIE:

FIRIIT-AID ANATOMleAL DIAIIR" ••• 13 (I to lund Y4)On Roll

Post free, 31. 9d. net.

No. Y3 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs , 1/2

THE GOMPLETE MANII(INI.

Price 2 •• net; postage .d Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatom} Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects.

THE WHOLE ART OF IIANDA8IN •• ~:r

TIIBI:LA

"Flnt Aid," ,.6, Cannon Street. London, E C 4.

nOWSBR.

Illustrated.

Post free, II. 2d

POCI(ET FIRIIT AID IIERIEII.

ny Col. R. J. 8bACItHAM. c.n., C.M.G .. C.I.B., 0.5.0 .. M.fl (I) Poisoning, (lI) Haemorrbage, (3) Insensibility, (4) Asphyxia (Snspended Bnao

.. FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON. To be ,ut out and enc/oHd with ail l.!.uer,es JUNE,

1934.

Ing), (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, (6) Wounds, Bites Burns Scald • Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series contains all the essentials of F'lrst Aid Printed on lInen·lined cards, 3* In. X St in. Third Edition. 6d. ue e~ch postage zd extra. AIDII TO MEMORY ~OR FIRIIT AID IITUDENTS AND NURSES VERNON NEWTON. M.R.C;:_8.(Eng- ). 9d. net. Pest JOHN

B4LE,

SONS

D4NIELSSON.

83-91. (]peat Tltchfleld Stpe~t London

Ltd

W,t.

HOBSON {/ SONS

J. AI WYLIE Ie CO •• Who/eS;l/e ""aleers of

(LONDON), Ltd.,

MEDALS,

Manufacturers of

BADGES

UNIFORMS, HEADDRESSES and ACCOUTREMENTS of every description for

st. John Ambulance Brigade.

ANO

TROPHIES &dltable for Ii

FIRST AID"

AMBULANCE AND 80CIETIEa.

CORP.

SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROY AL. All enqui,,;es to

154-164, Tooley St., London.. Bridge, S.E.1. Telephone-Hop 2476 (4 lines). Telegrams-"HobsoD, Boroh, London."

No. 77Bronze, 3/- I Sliver, .. /6; Silver, Oold Centre, 6/9·

O"igi"al Desig"s and QuotatIOns post free.

Whole8ale PrlOe8 to all "FIRST AID" SOCIETIfI. Contracton to H.M. Ministry of Monitions. Russian Government. &c.

North of England Office:London Showroom-

22, York. Place, LEEDS.

62,

Telephone- Leeds 23334. Telegrams-" Hobson, Triers, Leeds."

SURCICAL

EQUIPMENT . .

BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY

MILLS. STOCKPORT

and at 137. Sentinel House. Southampton Row. London. W.C.1.

DIRECT FROM OUR FACTORY

Perfect Fit, QualIty and Materials, Correct Details,

•

We have had 50 lea.rs experience in the making of Uniforms.

•

WRITE FOR DESIGNS, SAMPLES and PRICES 49, Hardman Street LIVERPOOL.

SSND FOR PRICS LISTS:-

(1 ekphone : Stockport 2794 anti #(6)

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE

•

I I SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for receiving soiled dressings, sanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing in any convenient comer, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spri~, without being handled. Easily sterllised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS; SANITARYTOWELS; all classes of FIRST-AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements.

MA~~IOTT ST~EET

UNIFORMS

All Dressings are of GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE.

BAILEY & SON, Ltd.

E.C.

TelDphone- 0 l400 Cltv.

"STERAID ' (Regd.) series ot absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dressings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers only the quantity of gauze or lint required; aher cutting this off, rotate the Container in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from exposure and retain their n~tural aseptic condition. (Awarded the Certificate 0/ the Institute 0/ H']Igiene.)

~OBE~T

VIADUCT.

HOLBORN

Phone: Royal ~992.

•

15. Red Lion Square . LONDON. w.e I, Phone: Chancery 86,,6

FI· F3 4~ :I :II I:i i 4;li3 $1 I)

111111

(L'POOL) LTD.

111111

Printed and l'ublisheu. by DALE, REYNOLDS &: CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon-street, Londcm, E.C.4. to whom all communications should be addressed 'Ielegrams--"Twentr-four, umdDn." Tellphone -City 37 IO . To be bad of all Newsllgents, Booksellers alld Bookstalls in the TTtlited Ki~dom and at all Railway 600kstalls of \1<!ssr~ W. H Smith and Sons.